Jain Gruhastha Ke 16 Sanskaro Ka Tulnatmak Adhyayan

Author(s): Saumyagunashreeji
Publisher: Prachya Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006239/1

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jaina gRhasthAle solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Daba lebrate DARANASIRERA G URJASTI SO-94dase Gook Pana sambodhikA pUjyA pravartinI zrI sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. parama viduSI zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA.

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siddhAcala tIrthAdhipati zrI AdinAtha bhagavAna idiaidioHHOTA PADAHIGARHINOSINDHARWA009ITY oooool OOOOO Toaswade 8-12- zrI jinadattasUri ajamera dAdAbAr3I zrI maNidhArI jinacandrasUri dAdAbAr3I (dillI) HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 2303 zrI jinakuzalasUri mAlapurA dAdAbAr3I (jayapura) zrI jinacandrasUri bilADA dAdAbAr3I (jodhapura)

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- - jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana viSaya para (DI. liT upAdhi hetu prastuta zodha prabandha) khaNDa-2 2012-13 R.J. 241 / 2007 UNTUK sasAramAyA zodhArthI DaoN. sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrI nirdezaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM-341306 (rAja.) I. D

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana viSaya para ( DI. liT upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha) khaNDa - 2 NANassa 'sAramAyAro svapna zilpI Agama marmajJA pravarttinI sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. saMyama zreSThA pUjyA zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. mUrtta zilpI DaoN. sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrI (vidhi prabhA) zodha zilpI DaoN. sAgaramala jaina

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kRpA vRSTi : pUjya AcArya zrI majjina kailAzasAgara sUrIzvarajI ma.sA. maMgala vRSTi : pUjya upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. Ananda vRSTi : Agamajyoti pravartinI mahodayA pUjyA sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. preraNA vRSTi : pUjya guruvaryA zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. vAtsalya vRSTiH gurvAjJA nimagnA pUjya priyadarzanA zrIjI ma.sA. sneha vRSTi : pUjya divyadarzanA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjya tatvadarzanA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjya samyakdarzanA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjya zubhadarzanA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjya muditaprajJAzrIjI ma.sA., pUjya zIlaguNAzrIjI ma.sA., suyogyA kanakaprabhAjI, suyogyA saMyamaprajJAjI Adi bhaginI maNDala zodhakartI : sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI (vidhiprabhA) jJAna vRSTi : DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, dupADA roDa, zAjApura-465001 email : sagarmal.jain@gmail.com * sajjanamaNi granthamAlA prakAzana bAbU mAdhavalAla dharmazAlA, taleTI roDa, pAlItANA-364270 prathama saMskaraNa : san 2014 pratiyA~ : 1000 sahayoga rAzi : Rs 100.00 (puna: prakAzanArtha) kampoja : vimala candra mizra, vArANasI kaeNvara seTiMga : zambhU bhaTTAcArya, kolakAtA mudraka : Antartica Press, Kolkata ISBN : 978-81-910801-6-2 (II) (c) All rights reserved by Sajjan Mani Granthmala.

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prApti sthAna . zrA sajjanamANa granthamAlA prakAzana ||8. zrI jinakuzalasUri jaina dAdAvADI, bAbU mAdhavalAla dharmazAlA, taleTI roDa, mahAvIra nagara, kempa roDa po. pAlItANA-364270 (saurASTra) po. mAlegA~va phona : 02848-253701 jilA- nAsika (mahA.) mo. 9422270223 2. zrI kAntilAlajI mukIma zrI jinaraMgasUri pauzAla, Ar3I bAMsa | 9. zrI sunIlajI botharA tallA galI, 31/A, po. kolakAtA-7 TUlsa eNDa hArDaveyara, mo. 98300-14736 saMjaya gAMdhI cauka, sTezana roDa po. rAyapura (cha.ga.) 3. zrI bhAIsA sAhitya prakAzana phona : 94252-06183 M.V. Building, Ist Floor Hanuman Road, PO : VAPI | 10. zrI padamacanda caudharI Dist. : Valsad-396191 (Gujrat) zivajIrAma bhavana, M.S.B. kA rAstA, mo. 98255-09596 jauharI bAjAra 4. pArzvanAtha vidyApITha po. jayapura-302003 I.T.I. roDa, karauMdI vArANasI-5 (yU.pI.)| mo. 9414075821, 9887390000 mo. 09450546617 11. zrI vijayarAjajI DosI 5. DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina jinakuzala sUri dAdAbAr3I prAcya vidyApITha, dupADA roDa 89/90 goviMdappA roDa po. zAjApura-465001 (ma.pra.) basavanaguDI, po. baiMgalora (karnA.) mo. 94248-76545 mo. 093437-31869 phona : 07364-222218 saMparka sUtra 6. zrI AdinAtha jaina zvetAmbara zrI candrakumArajI muNota tIrtha, kaivalyadhAma __9331032777 po. kumhArI-490042 zrI rikhabacandajI jhAr3acUra jilA- durga (cha.ga.) 9820022641 mo. 98271-44296 zrI navInajI jhAr3acUra phona : 07821-247225 9323105863 7. zrI dharmanAtha jaina mandira zrImatI prItijI ajitajI pArakha 84, amana kovila sTrITa 8719950000 koNDI thopa, po. cennaI-79 (T.N.) zrI jinendra baida phona : 25207936, 9835564040 044-25207875 zrI pannAcandajI dUgar3a 9831105908

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amRtArpaNa / jinakI vANI patha thUloM ko nava prakAza dikhAtI hai| jinakI dRSTi megha dhanakara samakita rasa barasAtI hai| jinakI kachaNA pArasa banakara __ aparAdhI ko bhagavAna banAtI hai| jinakI guNa garimA vITa zAsana ko zikhA sthAna para biThAtI hai / / una sadhI Alma sAdhakoM kI ucca sAdhanA ko sAdara samarpita /

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sajjana parimala vartamAna meM Structure pUrA badala cukA hai saMgha, samAja aura deza kA Life Style para car3ha cukA hai nayA videzI unmeSa kA prAcya saMskAroM ko dhUmila kara rahA dhu~A Modern pariveza kA || aba jarUrI ho gayA hai ki bhAvI pIr3hI ko mile sahI saMskAra pragati zikhara para bhI na Ae mAnavatA meM vikAra rahe svayaM para svayaM kA adhikAra isIlie zAstroM meM praNIta hai SoDaza saMskAroM kA vidhAna jisase jIvana meM prakaTate nava nidhAna janma hI nahIM mRtyu kA bhI hotA suMdara AhvAna akhila jagata ko unhIM SoDaza saMskAroM se punaH paricita evaM anuprANita karane ke lie eka patha pradIpa.....

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hArdika anumodana AgarA haoNla kolakAtA nivAsI pitA zrI phatehasiMhajI evaM mAtuzrI padmAkumArIjI kI antaraMga bhAvanA ko sAkAra karate hue suputra zrI rAjendrajI-kAminI, vijayendrajI-nirmalA supautra zreyAMsa supautrI svITI samasta sakalecA parivAra |

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jJAna yAtrA ke avismaraNIya sahayogI zrI vijayendrajI sakalecA vizva rUpI devI ke bhAla para hamArA bhAratavarSa mukuTa ke samAna zobhAyamAna hai| isa mukuTa para eka divya ratna ke rUpa meM suzobhita hai kalAkRti kA udgama sthala- pazcima bNgaal| saMgIta, kalA, nRtya, citrakArI Adi vividha kalAe~ isa kalA bhUmi kA hRdaya banakara spandita hotI hai| isI kalA bhUmi ke eka divyaratna haiM saralamanA, sevAbhAvI zrAvakavarya zrI vijayendrajI sklecaa| ___ mUlata: AgarA nivAsI zrI vijayendrajI kA pAlana-poSaNa kolakAtA ke dharmAnukUla vAtAvaraNa meM huaa| dharmaniSThA mAtuzrI padamakumArIjI gRhastha Azrama meM rahate hue bhI saMnyAsa Azrama kI bhA~ti apanA jIvana nirvAha karatI thii| aise dharma vRkSa kI chatra chAyA meM rAjendrajI, vijayendrajI Adi 7 bhAI-bahanoM kA pallavana bhI dharma sumana ke rUpa meM huaa| pitAzrI phatehasiMhajI samAja ke AgevAna samAja sevakoM meM the| unhoMne apane putroM ko vyApAra evaM vyavahAra jagata hI nahIM apitu dharma jagata meM nipuNatA prApta karane ke gura bhI sikhaae| Aja sakalecA parivAra adhyAtma ke jisa dharAtala para khar3A hai usa nIMva kA nirmANa Apa hI ke zreSTha saMskAroM ke dvArA huA hai| ___vijayendrajI kI Graduation taka kI zikSA kolakAtA ke College meM huii| adhyayana pUrNa kara yauvana ke joza ke sAtha hoza rakhate hue Apane vyApArika gatividhiyA~ prAraMbha kii| prathama sopAna meM prAraMbha huA TreDiMga mila kA kArya Aja ke Manufacturing ke carama zikhara para pahuMca cukA hai| vyavasAya ke kSetra meM Apa jisa uttuMgatA para haiN| adhyAtma ke kSetra meM bhI Apa usI caramotkarSa para haiN| paramAtma-bhakti, sAdhu-sAdhvI vaiyAvacca, sAdharmika utthAna Adi meM Apa sadA hI tatpara rahate haiN| zrRta sAhitya vAcana evaM saMgraha kI ruci to Apako apanI mAtu zrI dvArA virAsata se hI prApta hai| cAhe dhArmika kArya ho yA sAmAjika, ApakA yogadAna hara kSetra meM sarvopari rahatA hai| nAma aura yaza kIrti kI cAha se pare ApakA jIvana eka zveta kamala kI bhA~ti durgApura evaM

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x... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kolakAtA saMgha ko zobhAyamAna kara rahA hai| ApakI anubhava zreSThatA, jJAna gAMbhIrya, dIrgha dRSTi Adi vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa bhAratavarSa kI vibhinna saMsthAe~ Apako apanA kAryakartA banAkara gauravAnvita anubhava karatI haiN| Apa aneka dhArmika, sAmAjika, vyApArika, vyavasAyika evaM zaikSaNika saMsthAoM se jur3e hue haiN| ApakA varcasva mAtra kolakAtA yA durgApura athavA kisI eka paramparA taka sImita nahIM hai apitu . samasta kSetroM meM ApakA prabhUtva dekhA jAtA hai| ApakA jIvana hajAroM zreSTha guNa rUpI dIpoM ke prakAza se zobhAyamAna hai parantu una guNoM kA leza mAtra bhI abhimAna Apa meM dRSTigata nahIM hotA hai| Apake jIvana meM anuzAsana baddhatA ke sAtha sneha, suvidhA ke sAtha niyaMtraNa, puNya ke sAtha vyavasthA, vAtsalya ke sAtha dizA nirdezana Adi kA anupama saMgama hai| ApakI jIvana saMginI zrImatI nirmalAjI nAma ke anusAra hI svabhAva evaM guNoM se bhI nirdoSa haiN| unakA sarala svabhAva, milanasAritA evaM sneha vRtti AgaMtuka ko mAtR vAtsalya kA ehasAsa karavAtI hai| Apa donoM ne milakara apane putra zreyAMsa aura donoM putriyoM ko bahata acche saMskAroM se navAjA hai| tInoM hI dharma meM dRr3ha evaM AjJA saMpanna haiM tathA Aja kI yuga pIr3hI ke lie Adarza haiN| pUjyA saMgharatnA zaziprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. ke maNDala se ApakA jur3Ava gata 30-40 varSoM se rahA hai| svAdhyAya evaM jJAnArjana ke kSetra meM ApakI vizeSa ruci hone se sAdhvI saumyaguNAjI ke adhyayana kAla meM ApakA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| Apa hI ke athaka prayAsoM ke kAraNa sAdhvIjI kA kArya saMpUrNatA ko prApta kara skaa| sajjanamaNi graMthamAlA Apake isa sahayoga evaM utsAhavardhana ke lie ApakA AbhArI rhegaa| Apa deva-guru-dharma kI bhakti meM isI prakAra sadaiva saMlagna raheM aura mukti maMjila ko prApta kareM yahI maMgala kaamnaa|

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sampAdakIya kisI bhI kriyA ko samyak rUpa se saMpanna karanA saMskAra kahalAtA hai| saMskAroM ke AdhAra para saMskRtiyoM kA janma hotA hai| vastuta: eka saMskArita samAja hI kisI saMskRti ko janma de sakatA hai| saMskRti samAja para aura samAja vyakti para AdhArita hai dUsare zabdoM meM vyakti se samAja aura samAja se saMskRti banatI hai| ata: saMskAroM kA vyakti aura samAja donoM ke dRSTikoNa se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vyakti ko suyogya evaM susaMskRta banAne kI kriyA hI saMskAra kahI jAtI hai| sAmAnyatayA mAnava meM mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa karanA hI saMskAra hai, kintu vartamAna kAla meM saMskAra kA tAtparya kucha viziSTa vidhi-vidhAnoM se jor3A jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para bhAratIya paramparA meM vyakti ke garbhAdhAna se lekara usakI anta:kriyA taka ke vidhi-vidhAnoM ko saMskAra nAma diyA gayA hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM upalabdha saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke graMtha paravartIkAlIna hai, kintu vividha saMskAroM kA ullekha hameM brAhmaNoM aura AraNyakoM ke kAla se hI milane lagatA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se saMskAra sambandhI yaha vivecana prathamata: to vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM hI milatA hai, tadanantara kAlAntara meM jaina granthoM meM bhI isakA ullekha mila jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA meM gRhastha ke jina SoDaza saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai, unameM se kucha ke ullekha prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM mila jAte haiN| jaina vAMgamaya meM jahA~ tIrthakaroM ke yA kisI viziSTa mahApurUSa ke jIvana kA varNana hai, vahA~ kucha saMskAroM kA nAmollekha hameM avazya prApta ho jAtA hai| kalpasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI to koI carcA nahIM hai, kintu unake devaloka se cyavana, mAtA ko svapna darzana, garbha saMharaNa tathA trizalA ke garbha meM punaH sthApanA Adi ghaTanAoM ke ullekha hai, kintu tatsambandhI saMskAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isI prakAra usameM mahAvIra ke janma ke pazcAt janmotsava, janma ke tIsare dina candra aura sUrya ke darzana, chaThaveM dina rAtri meM dharma jAgaraNa, gyArahaveM dina azuci nivAraNa, bArahaveM dina svajanoM ke bhojana tathA nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke ullekha milate haiN|

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xii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jainAgamoM meM aise hI ullekha anya mahApurUSoM ke janma ke sambandha meM bhI milate haiN| puna: upanayana saMskAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai mAtra pAThazAlA meM adhyayana hetu bheje jAne ke ullekha haiN| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAroM kA vikAsa paravartIkAla meM huA hai| AgamoM meM ina saMskAroM ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| mAtra kucha saMskAroM ke nAmollekha rUpa saMketa hI milate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA kI apekSA bhI digambara paramparA ke mahApurANa jisake do bhAga haiM-AdipurANa aura uttrpuraann| inameM jina dikSAnvaya nAmaka kriyAoM kA ullekha hai unameM prAya: aneka saMskAroM ke ullekha mila jAte haiM, kintu mahApurANa meM bhI unake vidhi-vidhAna kA vizeSa ullekha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM Sor3aza saMskAroM aura unake vidhi-vidhAnoM kA sarvaprathama ullekha hameM vardhamAnasUri ke AcAra dinakara nAmaka graMtha meM milatA hai| yadyapi isake pUrva jaina paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAnoM se sambandhita vidhimArgaprapA Adi kucha grantha likhe gae the, kintu unameM gRhastha ke Sor3aza saMskAroM meM se kucha saMskAroM kA nAmollekha honA yaha to avazya sUcita karatA hai ki vyavasthA ke rUpa meM nirgrantha paramparA meM saMskAroM ko karane kI paramparA to thI, kintu unheM dharma yA sAdhanA kA aMga nahIM samajhA jAtA thA ve mAtra lokopacAra ke rUpa meM sampAdita kie jAte the| sarvaprathama hameM AcAra dinakara meM hI ina Sor3aza saMskAroM ko dhArmika rUpa meM sampAdita kiyA jAnA parilakSita hotA hai| yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki jaina paramparA meM saMskAra saMbaMdhI vidhi-vidhAna hindU paramparA se hI avatarita kie gae haiN| jaina paramparA meM una saMskAroM saMbaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ko yathAvat rUpa meM grahaNa kara liyA thaa| satya to yaha ki jaina AcAryoM ne unheM grahaNa karane meM apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai aura unheM jaina dharma ke anukUla banAne kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki jahA~ vaidika aura digambara jaina paramparA meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra meM yauna-kriyA ko sthAna diyA gayA, vahA~ AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne use sthAna na dekara garbhAdhAna kriyA ko garbha kI surakSA kA hetu batAkara garbhAdhAna ke pA~ca mAha pazcAt gabhArdhAna saMskAra karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ina saMskAroM meM SaSThI pUjana aura upanayana saMskAra vastuta: jaina paramparA meM vaidika paramparA se hI grahIta hue haiN| jaina AgamoM meM SaSThI pUjana ke sthAna para mAtra

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xiii rAtri jAgaraNa kA hI ullekha hai| jaba hama ina saMskAroM ke sambandha meM vizeSa rUpa se cintana karate haiM to aisA lagatA hai ki garbhAdhAna se lekara cUr3AkaraNa taka ke sabhI saMskAra vyakti ke bAlyakAla se hI sambandhita hai| kisI sImA taka upanayana aura vidyAraMbha bhI bAlyakAla athavA kizorAvasthA se saMbaMdhita mAne jA sakate haiN| zeSa saMskAroM meM vivAha saMskAra yauvanAvasthA se aura vratAropaNa saMskAra praur3ha avasthA se tathA antya saMskAra vRddhAvasthA se sambandhita pratIta hote haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki ina saMskAroM meM adhikAMza saMskAra bAlyAvasthA se sambandhita mAne gae haiN| usakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki vyakti ke vyaktitva ko vikasita evaM saMskArita karane ke lie bAlyakAla meM hI saMskAroM kI mahattI AvazyakatA hotI hai| phira bhI yaha dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki bhAratIya samAja meM saMskAroM kA jisa rUpa meM pracalana hai usase yahI phalita hotA hai ki hamane saMskAroM ko mAtra karmakAMDa hI mAna liyA hai| usake pIche nihita vyaktitva ke vikAsa kA mUla siddhAnta kahIM gauNa ho cuke haiN| ___ Aja hama vijJAna ke yuga meM jI rahe haiM ata: saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vaijJAnika AdhAra para mUlyAMkana karanA apekSita hai| ina karmakANDoM kA vaijJAnika dRSTi se samIkSaNa karanA isalie Avazyaka hai ki unakI upayogitA ko siddha kiyA jA ske| yadyapi prastuta kRti meM saMskAroM kI vaijJAnikatA ko anya granthoM ke AdhAra para rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, kintu yaha paryApta nahIM hai, hameM pratyeka saMskAra ko aura usake vidhi-vidhAna ko vaijJAnika kasauTI para kasanA hogA tathA usI AdhAra para unake hAni-lAbha kA mUlyAMkana aura prastutIkaraNa bhI karanA hogaa| yaha satya hai ki prAcInakAla meM ina saMskAroM ke kucha vaijJAnika AdhAra rahe hoM, kintu usa yuga kI apekSA Aja vijJAna kA kSetra ati vyApaka ho cukA hai aura vaha kisI bhI tathya kI gaharAI meM jAkara usake aucitya-anaucitya kA vizleSaNa prastuta kara sakatA hai| yadyapi saMskAroM kI vaijJAnikatA se sambandhita kucha saMketa zrI rAmazarmA Adi kucha vidvAnoM ne kie haiM lekina unakA vaijJAnika parIkSaNa abhI bhI apekSita hai| yaha saMtoSa kA viSaya hai ki sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrIjI ne jaina gRhastha ke saMskAroM ko lekara prastuta kRti meM AcAra dinakara evaM anya kucha granthoM ke AdhAra para vistRta vivecanAe~ prastuta kI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki prastuta kRti meM vratAropaNa saMskAra kA mAtra saMkSepa meM ullekha hai| isakA vistRta varNana unhoMne

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xiv... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vratAropaNa nAma kI anya kRti meM kiyA hai| prastuta vivecana meM sAdhvIjI ne AcAradinakara ko AdhArabhUta mAnakara yaha carcA kI hai| yadyapi grantha praNayana meM digambara paramparA aura hindU paramparA ke anya granthoM ko bhI AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM saMskAroM ke vivecana kI dRSTi se yaha eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hogaa| prastuta kRti kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM pratyeka saMskAra kI AvazyakatA evaM usakI arthavattA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke mUlyAMkana aura tulanAtmaka vivecana ko adhika sthAna prApta hai, jo isa kRti kI mUlyavattA ko sthApita karatA hai| prastuta kRti kA mahattva isalie bhI bar3ha jAtA hai ki zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM Aja inameM se adhikAMza saMskAra kie to jAte haiM, kintu una sabakA AdhAra brAhmaNa paramparA hI hotI hai, kyoMki ina saMskAroM kA kartA brAhmaNa hI hotA hai aura vaha apanI paramparA ke AdhAra para hI inheM saMpanna karavAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina saMskAroM se sambandhita eka mAtra grantha AcAra dinakara hI hai, kintu vaha grantha pracalana meM nahIM rahane se gRhastha ke saMskAroM ke sambandha meM Aja brAhmaNa paramparA kA hI varcasva ho gayA hai yadyapi digambara paramparA meM vivAha Adi saMskAra jaina paMDitoM ke dvArA karavAe jAte haiM, lekina zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha pracalana nahIM hai| ____saMbhavata: yaha kRti zvetAmbara paramparA meM eka navajAgaraNa prastuta karegI aura ve bhI apanI paramparA ke anusAra ina saMskAroM ko saMpanna kara paayeNge| anta meM yahI apekSA hai ki sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrIjI bhaviSya meM bhI isI prakAra kI mUlyavAna kRtiyoM kA lekhana karate hue jinazAsana kI sevA karatI rheN| pro.sAgaramala jaina prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura(ma.pra.)

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AzIrvacana bhAratIya vAMgamaya RSi-maharSiyoM dvArA racita lakSAdhika granthoM se zIbhAyamAna hai| pratyeka grantha apane Apa meM aneka navIna viSaya evaM navya unmeSa lie hae haiN| hara grantha anekazaH prAkRtika, AdhyAtmika evaM vyAvahArika rahasyoM se paripUrNa hai| ina zAstrIya viSayoM meM eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai vidhi-vidhaan| hamAre AcAra-pakSa ko sudRr3ha banAne evaM use eka samyaka dizA dene kA kArya vidhi-vidhAna hI karate haiN| vidhividhAna sAMsArika kriyA-anuSThAnoM ko sampanna karane kA mArga digdarzita karate haiN| jaina dharma yadyapi nivRttimArgI hai jabaki vidhi-vidhAna yA kriyAanuSThAna pravRtti ke sUcaka haiM paraMtu yathArthataH jaina dharma meM vidhi-vidhAnI kA guMphana nivRtti mArga para agrasara hone ke lie hI huA hai| Agama yuga se hI isa viSayaka carcA aneka granthoM meM prApta hotI hai| jinaprabhasUri racita vidhimArgaprapA vartamAna vidhi-vidhAnoM kA pRSThAdhAra hai| sAdhvI saumyaguNAjI ne isa graMtha ke aneka rahasyoM ko udghATita kiyA hai| sAdhvI saumyAjI jaina saMgha kA jAjvalyamAna sitArA hai| unakI jJAna AbhA se mAtra jinazAsana hI nahIM apitu samasta Arya paramparAe~ zobhita ho rahI haiN| sampUrNa vizva unake dvArA prakaTa kie gae jJAna dIpa se prakAzita ho rahA hai| inheM dekhakara pravartinI zrI sajana zrIjI ma.sA. kI sahaja smRti A jAtI hai| saumyAjI unhIM ke nakze kadama para calakara aneka nae AyAma zruta saMvardhana hetu prastuta kara rahI hai| sAdhvIjI ne vidhi-vidhAnoM para bahupakSIya zodha karake usake vividha AyAmoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| isa zodha kArya ko 23 pustakoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kara unhoMne jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM ke samagra pakSoM ko jana sAmAnya ke lie sahaja jJAtavya banAyA hai| jijJAsu varga isake mAdhyama se mana meM udvelita vividha zaMkAauM kA samAdhAna kara paaegaa| sAdhvIjI isI prakAra zruta ratnAkara ke amUlya bhautiyoM kI vIja

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xvi... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara jJAna rAzi ko samRddha karatI rahe evaM apane jJAnAlIka se sakala saMgha ko rozana kareM yahI zubhAzaMsA... AcArya kailAsa sAgara sari, nAkoDA tIrtha mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI hai ki viduSI sAdhvI DaoN. saumyaguNA zrIjI ne DaoN. zrI sAgaramalajI jaina ke nirdezana meM jaina vidhi-vidhAnI kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' isa viSaya para 23 khaNDoM meM bRhadastarIya zodha kArya (DI.liTa) kiyA hai| isa zodha prabandha meM paraMparAgata AcAra Adi aneka viSayoM kA prAmANika paricaya dene kA suMdara prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM kriyA-vidhi Adi dhArmika anuSThAna karma kSaya ke hetu se mokSa ko lakSya meM rakhakara kie jAte haiN| sAdhvIzrI ne yoga mudrAoM kA mAnasika, zArIrika, manovaijJAnika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se kyA lAbha hotA hai? isakA ullekha bhI bahuta acchI taraha se kiyA hai| sAdhvI saumyaguNAjI ne niHsaMdeha ciMtana kI gaharAI meM jAkara isa zodha prabandha kI racanA kI hai, jo abhinaMdana ke yogya hai| mujhe AzA hai ki vidvada gaNa isa zodha prabandha kA suMdara lAbha utthaayeNge| mairI sAdhvIjI ke prati zubhakAmanA hai ki zruta sAdhanA meM aura abhivRddhi prApta kreN| AcArya padmasAgara sUri hara kriyA kI apanI eka vidhi hotI hai| vidhi kI upasthiti vyakti ko maryAdA bhI detI hai aura usa kriyA ke prati saMkalpa-baddha rahate hue puruSArtha karane kI preraNA bhii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jina zAsana maiM hara kriyA kI apanI eka svataMtra vidhi hai| prAcIna granthoM meM varNana upalabdha hotA hai ki bharata mahArAjA ne hara zrAvaka ke gale meM samyaka darzana,samyaka jJAna aura samyaka cAritra sma triratnoM kI janoI dhAraNa karavAI thii| kAlAntara meM jaina zrAvakoM meM yaha paramparA vilupta ho gii| digambara zrAvakoM meM Aja bhI yaha paramparA gatimAna hai|

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xvii jisa prakAra brAhmaNoM meM solaha saMskAroM kI vidhi pracalita hai| ThIka usI prakAra jaina granthoM meM bhI solaha saMskAroM kI vidhi kA ullekha hai| AcArya zrI vardhamAnasari kharataragaccha kI rudrapallIya zAkhA meM hae pandrahavIM-solahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya the| AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha meM ina saulaha saMskAroM kA vistRta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| hAlAMki gahana adhyayana karane para mAlUma hotA hai ki AcArya zrI vardhamAnasUri para tatkAlIna brAhmaNa vidhiyoM kA paryApta prabhAva thA, kintu svataMtra vidhi-grantha ke hisAba se unakA yaha grantha adbhuta evaM maulika hai| sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrIjI ne jaina gRhastha ke vrata grahaNa saMbaMdhI vidhi vidhAnoM para tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karake prastuta grantha kI racanA kI hai| yaha bahuta hI upayogI grantha sAbita hogA, isameM koI zaMkA nahIM hai| sAdhvI saumyaguNAjI sAmAjika dAyitvoM meM vyasta hone para bhI ciMtanazIla evaM puruSArthazIla haiN| kucha varSa pUrva meM vidhimArgaprapA nAmaka grantha para zodha prabandha prastuta kara apanI vidvattA kI anUThI chApa samAja para chor3a cukI haiN| maiM hArdika bhAvanA karatA hU~ ki sAdhvIjI kI adhyayanazIlatA lagAtAra bar3hatI rahe aura ve zAsana evaM gaccha kI sevA meM aise ratna upasthita karatI rheN| upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgara vinayAdyaneka guNagaNa garImAyamAnA viduSI sAdhvI zrI zaziprabhA zrIjI evaM saumyaguNA zrIjI Adi saparivAra sAdara anuvandanA suravazAtA ke saath| __ Apa zAtA meM hoNge| ApakI saMyama yAtrA ke sAtha jJAna yAtrA avirata cala rahI hogii| Apa jaina vidhi vidhAnoM ke viSaya meM zodha prabaMdha likha rahe haiM yaha jAnakara prasannatA huii| jJAna kA mArga anaMta hai| isameM jJAniyoM ke tAtparyArtha ke sAtha prAmANikatA pUrNa vyavahAra honA Avazyaka rhegaa| Apa isa kArya meM suMdara kArya karake jJAnopAsanA dvArA svazreya prApta kareM aisI zAsana deva se prArthanA hai| AcArya rAjazekhara sari, bhadrAvatI tIrtha

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xviii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mahattarA zramaNIvaryA zrI zaziprabhAzrI jI yoga anuvaMdanA ! Apake dvArA preSita patra prApta huaa| isI ke sAtha 'zodha prabandha sAra' ko dekhakara jJAta huA ki ApakI ziSyA sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrI dvArA kiyA gayA bRhadastarIya zodha kArya jaina samAja evaM zramaNazramaNI varga hetu upayogI jAnakArI kA kAraNa bnegaa| ApakA prayAsa sarAhanIya hai| zruta bhakti evaM jJAnArAdhanA svapara ke Atma kalyANa kA kAraNa bane yahI zubhAzIrvAda / AcArya ratnAkarasUri viduSI AryA sAdhvIjI bhagavaMta zrI saumyaguNA zrIjI sAdara anuvaMdanA sukhazAtA ! Apa sukhazAtA meM hoNge| jJAna sAdhanA kI khUba anumodanA ! vartamAna saMdarbha meM jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kA zodha prabandha pddh'aa| AnaMda prastuti evaM saMkalana adbhuta hai| jinazAsana kI sabhI maMgalakArI vidhi evaM vidhAnoM kA saMkalana yaha prabandha kI vizeSatA hai| vijJAna-manovijJAna evaM parA vijJAna taka pahu~cane kA yaha zodha graMtha patha pradarzaka avazya bnegaa| jinavANI ke mUla taka pahu~cane hetu vidhi-vidhAna parama AlaMbana hai| yaha zodha prabandha aneka jIvoM ke lie mArgadarzaka bnegaa| sahI mehanata kI anumodanA / nayapadmasAgara 'jaina vidhi vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' zodha prabandha ke sAra kA pallavagrAhI nirIkSaNa kiyaa| zakti kI prApti aura zakti kI prasiddhi jaise Aja ke vAtAvaraNa zruta siMcana ke lie dIrgha varSoM taka kiyA gayA adhyayana stutya aura abhinaMdanIya hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA pravarttita paramparA virodhI AdhunikatA ke pravAha

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xix maiM bahe binA zrI jinezvara paramAtmA dvArA prakhapata mokSa mArga ke anurUpa hone vAlI kisI bhI prakAra kI zruta bhakti sva-para kalyANakArI hotI hai| zodha prabandha kA vyavasthita nirIkSaNa kara pAnA sambhava nahIM ho pAyA hai parantu uparokta siddhAnta kA pAlana huA hI usa taraha kI tamAma zruta bhakti kI hArdika anumodanA hotI hI hai| Apake dvArA kI jA rahI zruta sevA sadA-sadA ke lie mArgastha yA mArgAnusArI hI banI rahe aisI eka mAtra aMtara kI shubhaabhilaassaa| saMyama bIdhi vijaya viduSI AryA ratnA saumyaguNA zrIjI ne jaina vidhi vidhAnoM para vividha pakSIya bRhada zodha kArya saMpanna kiyA hai| cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita evaM 23 khaNDoM meM vargIkRta yaha vizAla kArya niHsaMdeha anumodanIya, prazaMsanIya evaM abhinaMdanIya hai| zAsana deva se prArthanA hai ki unakI bauddhika kSamatA meM dina ganI rAta caugunI vRddhi ho| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama jJAna guNa kI vRddhi ke sAtha Atma jJAna prApti meM sahAyaka bneN| yaha zodha grantha jJAna pipAsuoM kI pipAsA ko zAnta kare, yahI manohara abhilaassaa| mahattarA manohara zrI caraNaraja pravartinI kIrtiprabhA zrIjI dUdha kI dahI meM parivartita karanA sarala hai| jAmana DAlie aura dahI taiyAra ho jAtA hai| kintu, dahI se makravana nikAlanA kaThina hai| isake lie dahI kI mathanA par3atA hai| taba kahIM jAkara makkhana prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra adhyayana eka apekSA se sarala hai, kintu tulanAtmaka adhyayana kaThina hai| isake lie kaI zAstrI ko mathanA par3atA hai|

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xx... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrI ne jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM para racita sAhitya kA maMthana karake eka suMdara ciMtana prastuta karane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai vaha atyaMta anumodanIya evaM prazaMsanIya hai| zubhakAmanA vyakta karatI hU~ ki yaha zAstramaMthana aneka sAdhakoM ke karmabaMdhana tor3ane meM sahAyaka bane / sAdhvI saveganidhi suzrAvaka zrI kAntilAlajI mukIma dvArA zodha prabaMdha sAra saMprApta huaa| viduSI sAdhvI zrI saumyaguNAjI ke zodhasAra grantha ko dekhakara hI kalpanA hone lagI ki zodha grantha kitanA virATkAya hogaa| varSoM ke athaka parizrama evaM satata ruci pUrvaka kie gae kArya kA yaha suphala hai| vaiduSya saha vizAlatA isa zodha grantha kI vizeSatA hai| hamArI hArdika zubhakAmanA hai ki jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM unakA bahumukhI vikAsa ho ! jinazAsana ke gagana meM unakI pratibhA, pavitratA evaM puNya kA divyanAda ho / kiM bahunA ! sAdhvI maNiprabhA zrI bhadrAvatI tIrtha jo kara rahe sva-para upakAra antarhRdaya se unako amRta udgAra mAnava jIvana kA prAsAda vividhatA kI bahuvidha pRSTha bhUmiyoM para AdhRta hai| yaha na to sarala sIdhA rAjamArga (Straight like highway) hai na parvata kA sIdhA car3hAva ( ascent) na ghATI kA utAra (descent) hai apitu yaha sAgara kI lahara (sea-wave) ke samAna gatizIla aura utAracar3hAva se yukta hai| usake jIvana kI gati sadaiva eka jaisI nahIM rahatI / kabhI car3hAva (Ups) Ate haiM to kabhI utAra (Downs) aura kabhI koI

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxi avarodha (Speed Breaker) A jAtA hai to kabhI koI (trun) bhI A jAtA hai| kucha avarodha aura mair3a to itane khataranAka (sharp) aura prabala hote haiM ki mAnava kI gati-pragati aura sanmati lar3aravar3A jAtI hai, ruka jAtI hai ina badalatI huI paristhitiyoM ke sAtha anukUla samAyojana sthApita karane ke lie jaina darzana ke Apta manISiyoM ne pramukhataH dI prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- 1. bAhya vidhi-vidhAna 2. Antarika vidhi-vidhaan| bAhya vidhi-vidhAna ke mukhyataH cAra bheda haiM- 1. jAtIya vidhi-vidhAna 2. sAmAjika vidhi-vidhAna 3. vaidhAnika vidhi-vidhAna 4. dhArmika vidhividhaan| 1. jAtIya vidhi-vidhAna- jAti kI samutkarSatA ke lie apanIapanI jAti meM eka mukhiyA yA pramukha hotA hai jisake Adeza ko svIkAra karanA pratyeka sadasya ke lie anivArya hai| mukhiyA naitika jIvana ke vikAsa hetu ucita-anucita vidhi-vidhAna nirdhArita karatA hai| una vidhi-vidhAnoM kA pAlana karanA hI naitika cetanA kA mAnadaNDa mAnA jAtA hai| 2. sAmAjika vidhi-vidhAna- naitika jIvana ko jIvaMta banAe rakhane ke lie samAja anekAneka AcAra-saMhitA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| samAja dvArA nirdhArita kartavyoM kI AcAra saMhitA ko jyoM kA tyoM cupacApa svIkAra kara lenA hI naitika pratimAna hai| samAja meM pIr3hiyoM se cale Ane vAle sajjana puruSoM kA acchA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra samAja kA vidhi-vidhAna kahalAtA hai| jI ina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha puruSa satpuruSa banane kI pAtratA kA vikAsa karatA hai| .. 3. vaidhAnika vidhi-vidhAna-anaitikatA-anAcAra jaisI hIna pravRttiyoM se mukta karavAne hetu rAja sattA ke dvArA anekavidha vidhi-vidhAna banAe jAte haiN| ina vidhi-vidhAnoM ke antargata 'yaha karanA ucita hai athavA 'yaha karanA cAhie' Adi tathyoM kA nirUpaNa rahatA hai| rAja sattA dvArA Adezita vidhi-vidhAna kA pAlana Avazyaka hI nahIM anivArya bhI hai| ina niyamoM kA pAlana karane se cetanA azubha pravRttiyoM se alaga rahatI hai|

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xxii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4. dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna- isameM Apta puruSoM ke Adeza-nirdeza, vidhi-niSedha, kartavya-akartavya nirdhArita rahate haiN| jaina darzana meM 6ANAe dhammI" kahakara ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jainAgamoM meM sAdhaka ke lie jI vidhi-vidhAna yA AcAra nizcita kie gaye haiM, yadi unakA pAlana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to Apta ke anusAra yaha karma anaitikatA kI koTi maiM AtA hai| dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna jI arhat AdezAnusAra hai usakA dharmAcaraNa karatA huA vIra sAdhaka akutobhaya ho jAtA hai arthAta vaha kisI bhI prANI ko bhaya utpanna ho, vaisA vyavahAra nahIM krtaa| yahI sadvyavahAra dharma hai tathA yahI hamAre karmoM ke naitika mUlyAMkana kI kasauTI hai| tIrthaMkarIpadiSTa vidhi-niSedha mUlaka vidhAnoM ko naitikatA evaM anaitikatA kA mAnadaNDa mAnA gayA hai| laukika eSaNAoM se vimukta, arahanta pravAha meM vilIna, apramatta svAdhyAya rasikA sAdhvI ratnA saumyaguNA zrIjI ne jaina vAGamaya kI anamola kRti kharataragacchAcArya zrI jinaprabhasUri dvArA viracita vidhimArgaprapA meM gumphita jAjvalyamAna viSayoM para apanI tIkSNa prajJA se jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ko mukhyataH cAra bhAga ( 23 khaNDauM) meM vargIkRta karane kA atulanIya kArya kiyA hai| zodha grantha ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTataH ho jAtA hai ki sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrIjI ne cetanA ke UkiraNa hetu prastuta zodha grantha meM jina AjJA kA nirUpaNa kisI paramparA ke dAyare se nahIM prajJA kI kasauTI para kasa kara kiyA hai| prastuta kRti kI sabase mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki hara pakti prajJA ke Aloka se jagamagA rahI hai| buddhivAda ke isa yuga meM vidhi-vidhAna ko eka navya-bhavya svarUpa pradAna karane kA sundara, samIcIna, samucita prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Atma pipAsuauM ke lie evaM anusandhitsuoM ke lie yaha zruta nidhi Atma sammAnArjana, bhAva pariSkAra aura Antarika aujjvalya kI niSpatti meM sahAyaka siddha hogii| alpa samayAvadhi meM sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrIjI ne jisa pramANikatA evaM dArzanikatA se jina vacanoM ko paramparA ke Agraha se rikta tathA sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke durAgraha se mukta rakhakara sarvagrAhI zruta kA niSpAdana jaina vAGmaya ke kSitija para navya nakSatra ke rUpa meM kiyA

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxiii hai| Apa zruta sAbhiruci maiM nirantara pravahamAna banakara apane nirNaya, vizuddha vicAra evaM nirmala prajJA ke dvArA sadaiva sarala, sarasa aura sugama abhinava jJAna razmiyoM ko prakAzita karatI haiN| yahI antaHkaraNa AzIrvAda saha anekazaH anumodanA... abhinNdn| jinamahodaya sAgara sUri caraNaraja muni pIyUSa sAgara jaina vidhi kI anamIla nidhi / yaha jAnakara atyanta prasannatA hai ki sAdhvI DaoN. saumyaguNA zrIjI ma.sA. dvArA jaina-vidhi-vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" isa viSaya para suvistRta zodha prabandha sampAdita kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH kisI bhI kArya yA vyavasthA ke saphala niSpAdana meM vidhi (Procedure) kA apratima mahattva hai| prAcIna kAlIna saMskRtiyA~ cAhe vaha vaidika hI yA zramaNa, isase achUtI nahIM rhii| zramaNa saMskRti meM agragaNya hai- jaina sNskRti| isameM vihita vividha vidhi-vidhAna vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika evaM adhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa meM apanI mahatI bhUmikA adA karate haiN| isI tathya ko pratipAdita karatA hai prastuta shodh-prbndh| isa zodha prabandha kI prakAzana velA meM hama sAdhvIzrI ke kaThina prayatna kI Atmika anumodanA karate haiN| niHsaMdeha, jaina vidhi kI isa anamola nidhi se zrAvaka-zrAvikA, zramaNa-zramaNI, vidvAna-vicAraka sabhI lAbhAnvita hoNge| yaha vizvAsa karate haiM ki vartamAna yuvA pIr3hI ke lie bhI yaha kRti ati prAsaMgika hogI, kyoki isake mAdhyama se unheM AcAra-paddhati yAni vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vaijJAnika pakSa bhI jJAta hogA aura vaha adhika AcAra niSTha bana skegii| sAdhvIzrI isI prakAra jinazAsana kI sevA meM samarpita rahakara svapara vikAsa meM upayogI baneM, yahI mNglkaamnaa| muni mahendrasAgara 1.2.13 bhadrAvatI

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sneha nAda bhAratIya saMskRti AcAra pradhAna saMskRti rahI hai| AcAra kI sAttvikatA hI vicAroM ko sAttvika banAtI hai, sadAcAra hI sarvAMgINa vikAsa kA mUla sUtra hai| anAcAra yA durAcAra dvArA AMzika yA zIghra saphalatA prApta bhI ho jAe to vaha Temporary hotI hai| jisa prakAra vyavahAra jagata meM Doctor, Engineer,Advocate Adi banane ke lie prArambha se hI usI kSetra se sambandhita adhyayana karavAyA jAtA hai tabhI vaha usa kSetra meM saphalatA ke zikhara ko prApta karatA hai| yaha saba to bhautika upalabdhiyA~ hai| AdhyAtmika jagata kI apekSA vicAra kareM to mAtA-pitA kA pramukha dAyitva apane baccoM ko susaMskArI banAnA hai| pradatta saMskAroM ke AdhAra para hI usake kula, gautra, parivAra, rASTra, nagara Adi kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| saMskAra kisI para thope nahIM jA sakate yA unakA AropaNa kahIM bAhara se nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jisa prakAra bIja ko prArambha se hI khAda, pAnI, rozanI Adi dI jAtI hai taba vaha virATa vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra janma se pUrva hI bAlaka meM satsaMskAroM kA siMcana karane para vaha mAnavIyatA Adi guNoM se ota-prota hotA hai| mAtA-pitA kA karttavya mAtra bAlaka ko janma denA hI nahIM apitu use mAnavocita guNoM se satsaMskArita karanA bhI hai| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhAratIya paramparA meM SoDaza saMskAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai jo eka mAnava ko mAnava rUpa meM jIvaMta rakhane hetu janma se mRtyu taka sUrya prakAza sama sahayogI banate haiN| yadi mahApuruSoM kI jIvana yAtrA kA avalokana kiyA jAe to eka Common Factor sabhI meM najara AtA hai ki unheM janma se hI mAtA-pitA ne usI sAMce meM ddhaalaa| Aja hamAre samAja kI jo dazA ho rahI hai use dekhakara saMskAra AropaNa kI kamI spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai| sAdhvI saumyaguNAjI ne jaina samAja meM lupta ho rahI saMskAra AropaNa kI kriyA ke punarjAgaraNa kA atulanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| isake dvArA sarvaprathama vaidika rIti rivAjoM se ho rahe saMskAra vidhAnoM ko kama kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isI ke sAtha videzI saMskAroM ke car3hate uphAna ko bhI niyaMtrita kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja jisa svastha sAmAjika saMracanA kI AvazyakatA hai usameM saMskAra vidhAna pramukha sahayogI ho sakatA hai| saumyAjI ne apane adhyayana, ciMtana evaM zodha paraka dRSTi ke dvArA ise sapramANa grAhya banAyA hai| sAdhvIjI isI prakAra zruta sAgara ke amUlya ratnoM kI gaveSaNA kara unheM jana-jana ke lie upayogI banAe tathA jinazAsana ke nabhAMgaNa ko apanI kRtiyoM se prakAzita evaM zobhita kareM, yahI maMgala kaamnaa|

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dIkSA guru pravartinI sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. eka paricaya rajatAbha rajakaNoM se raMjita rAjasthAna asaMkhya kIrti gAthAoM kA vaha razmi puMja hai jisane apanI AbhA ke dvArA saMpUrNa dharA ko dedIpyamAna kiyA hai| itihAsa ke pannoM meM jisakI pAvana pANDulipiyA~ aMkita hai aise raMgIle rAjasthAna kA vizruta nagara hai jypur| isa jauhariyoM kI nagarI ne aneka divya ratna isa vasudhA ko arpita kie| unhIM meM se kohinUra banakara jaina saMgha kI AbhA ko dIpta karane vAlA nAma hai- pUjyA pravartinI sajjana zrIjI m.saa.|| ApazrI isa kaliyuga meM satayuga kA bodha karAne vAlI sahaja sAdhikA thii| caturtha Are kA divya avatAra thii| jayapura kI puNya dharA se ApakA vizeSa sambandha rahA hai| Apake jIvana kI adhikAMza mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAe~ jaise- janma, vivAha, dIkSA, deha vilaya Adi isI vasudhA kI sAkSI meM ghaTita hue| ApakA jIvana prAkRtika saMyogoM kA anupama udAharaNa thaa| jaina paramparA ke terApaMthI AmnAya meM ApakA janma, sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM vivAha evaM mandiramArgI kharatara paramparA meM pravrajyA sampanna huii| Apake jIvana kA yahI triveNI saMgama ratnatraya kI sAdhanA ke rUpa meM jIvanta huaa| ApakA janma vaizAkhI buddha pUrNimA ke parva divasa ke dina huaa| Apa unhIM ke samAna tattvavettA, adhyAtma yogI, prajJAzIla sAdhaka thii| sajjanatA, madhuratA, saralatA, sahajatA, saMvedanazIlatA, paraduHkhakAtaratA Adi guNa to Apa meM janmata: parilakSita hote the| isI kAraNa ApakA nAma sajjana rakhA gayA aura yahI nAma dIkSA ke bAda bhI pravartita rhaa| ___ saMyama grahaNa hetu dIrgha saMgharSa karane ke bAvajUda bhI Apane vinaya, mRdutA, sAhasa evaM manobala Digane nahIM diyaa| antata: 35 varSa kI Ayu meM pUjyA pravartinI jJAna zrIjI ma.sA. ke caraNoM meM bhAgavatI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| dIvAna parivAra ke rAjazAhI ThATha meM rahane ke bAda bhI saMyamI jIvana kA hara choTA-bar3A kArya Apa atyaMta sahajatA pUrvaka karatI thii| choTe-bar3e sabhI kI

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xxvi... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sevA hetu sadaiva tatpara rahatI thii| ApakA jIvana sadguNoM se yukta vidvattA kI divya mAlA thaa| Apa meM vidyamAna guNa zAstra kI nimna paMktiyoM ko caritArtha karate the / zIlaM parahitAsakti, ranutsekaH kSamA dhRtiH / alobhazceti vidyAyAH, paripAkojjvalaM phalaH / / arthAta zIla, paropakAra, vinaya, kSamA, dhairya, nirlobhatA Adi vidyA kI pUrNatA ke ujjvala phala haiN| ahiMsA, tapa sAdhanA, satyaniSThA, gambhIratA, vinamratA evaM vidvAnoM ke prati asIma zraddhA unakI vidvattA kI paridhi meM zAmila the| ve kevala pustakeM par3hakara nahIM apitu unheM AcaraNa meM utAra kara mahAna banI thii| Apako zabda aura svara kI sAdhanA kA guNa bhI sahaja upalabdha thaa| dIkSA aMgIkAra karane ke pazcAta Apa 20 varSoM taka guru evaM guru bhaginiyoM kI sevA meM jayapura rhii| tadanantara kalyANaka bhUmiyoM kI sparzanA hetu pUrvI evaM uttarI bhArata kI padayAtrA kI / ApazrI ne 65 varSa kI Ayu aura usameM bhI jyeSTha mahIne kI bhayaMkara garmI meM siddhAcala tIrtha kI navvANu yAtrA kara eka nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| rAjasthAna, gujarAta, uttara pradeza, baMgAla, bihAra Adi kSetroM meM dharma kI saritA pravAhita karate hue bhI Apa sadaiva jJAnadAna evaM jJAnapAna meM saMlagna rahatI thii| isI kAraNa loka paricaya, lokaiSaNA, lokAzaMsA Adi se atyaMta dUra rahI / ApazrI prakhara vaktA, zreSTha sAhitya sarjikA, tattva ciMtikA, Azu kavayitrI evaM bahubhASAvida thii| vidvadavarga meM Apa sarvottama sthAna rakhatI thii| hindI, gujarAtI, mAravAr3I, saMskRta, prAkRta, aMgrejI, urdU, paMjAbI Adi aneka bhASAoM para ApakA sarvAdhikAra thaa| jaina darzana ke pratyeka viSaya kA Apako marmasparzI jJAna thaa| Apa jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra, sAhitya, itihAsa, zakuna zAstra, yoga Adi viSayoM kI bhI parama vettA thI / upalabdha sahasra racanAe~ tathA anuvAdita sampAdita evaM likhita sAhitya ApakI kavitva zakti aura vilakSaNa prajJA ko prakaTa karate haiN| prabhu darzana meM tanmayatA, pratipala Atma ramaNatA, svAdhyAya magnatA, adhyAtma lInatA, nispRhatA, apramattatA, pUjyoM ke prati laghutA evaM choToM ke

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxvii prati mRdutA Adi guNa ApazrI meM bejor3a the| haThavAda, Agraha, tarka-vitarka, ahaMkAra, svArtha bhAvanA kA Apa meM lavaleza bhI nahIM thaa| sabhI ke prati samAna sneha evaM mRdu vyavahAra, nirapekSatA evaM aMtaraMga viraktatA ke kAraNa Apa sarvajana priya aura AdaraNIya thii| ApakI guNa garimA se prabhAvita hokara gurujanoM evaM vidvAnoM dvArA Apako Agama jyoti, zAstra marmajJA, Azu kavayitrI, adhyAtma yoginI Adi sArthaka padoM se alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| vahIM sakala zrI saMgha dvArA Apako sAdhvI samudAya meM sarvocca pravarttinI pada se bhI vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| ApazrI ke udAtta vyaktitva evaM karmazIla kartRtva se prabhAvita hajAroM zraddhAluoM kI AsthA ko 'zramaNI' abhinandana grantha ke rUpa meM lokArpita kiyA gyaa| kharataragaccha paramparA meM aba taka Apa hI eka mAtra aisI sAdhvI haiM jina para abhinandana grantha likhA gayA hai| Apa meM samasta guNa carama sImA para parilakSita hote the| koI sadguNa aisA nahIM thA jisake darzana Apa meM nahIM hote ho| jisane Apako dekhA vaha Apaka hI hokara raha gyaa| Apake nirapekSa, nispRha evaM nirAsakta jIvana kI pUrNatA jaina evaM jainetara donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya, zAzvata ArAdhanA tithi 'mauna ekAdazI' parva ke dina huI / isa pAvana tithi ke dina Apane deha kA tyAga kara sadA ke lie mauna dhAraNa kara liyaa| Apake isa samAdhimaraNa ko zreSTha maraNa ke rUpa meM siddha karate hue upAdhyAya maNiprabha sAgarajI ma.sA. ne likhA hai mahimA terI kyA gAye hama, dina kaisA svIkAra kiyA / mauna gyArasa mAlA japate, mauna sarvathA dhAra liyA guruvaryyA tuma amara rahogI, sAdhaka kabhI na marate haiM / / Aja parama pUjyA saMgharatnA zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. Apake maMDala kA samyaka saMcAlana kara rahI haiN| yadyapi ApakA vicaraNa kSetra alpa rahA paraMtu Aja ApakA nAma digdiganta vyApta hai| Apake nAma smaraNa mAtra se hI hara prakAra kI Tension evaM vipadAe~ dUra ho jAtI hai|

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zikSA guru pUjyA zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. eka paricaya 'dhoroM kI dharatI' ke nAma se vikhyAta rAjasthAna agaNita yazogAthAoM kA udbhava sthala hai| isa bahuratnA vasuMdharA para anekaza: vIra yoddhAoM, paramAtma bhaktoM evaM RSi-maharSiyoM kA janma huA hai| isI raMga-raMgIle rAjasthAna kI parama puNyavaMtI sAdhanA bhUmi hai zrI phlaudii| nayana ramya jinAlaya, dAdAbAr3iyoM evaM svAdhyAya guMja se zobhAyamAna upAzraya isakI aitihAsika dharma samRddhi evaM zAsana samarpaNa ke prabala pratIka haiN| isa mAtRbhUmi ne apane urvarA se kaI amUlya ratna jinazAsana kI sevA meM arpita kie haiN| cAhe phira vaha sAdhu-sAdhvI ke rUpa meM ho yA zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke rUpa meN| vi.saM. 2001 kI bhAdrakRSNA amAvasyA ko dharmaniSTha dAnavIra tArAcaMdajI evaM sarala svabhAvI bAlAdevI golechA ke gRhAMgaNa meM eka bAlikA kI kilakAriyAM gUMja rahI thii| amAvasyA ke dina udita huI yaha kiraNa bhaviSya meM jinazAsana kI anupama kiraNa banakara camakegI yaha kauna jAnatA thA? kahate haiM sajjanoM ke samparka meM Ane se durjana bhI sajjana bana jAte haiM taba samyakadRSTi jIva to niHsandeha sajjana kA saMga milane para svayameva hI mahAnatA ko prApta kara lete haiN| kiraNa meM tapa tyAga aura vairAgya ke bhAva janmajAta the| idhara pArivArika saMskAroM ne use adhika uphAna diyaa| pUrvopArjita satsaMskAroM kA jAgaraNa huA aura vaha bhuA mahArAja upayoga zrIjI ke patha para agrasara huii| apane bAla mana evaM komala tana ko guru caraNoM meM samarpita kara 14 varSa kI alpAya meM hI kiraNa eka tejasvI sUrya razmi se zItala zazi ke rUpa meM pravartita ho gii| AcArya zrI kavIndra sAgara sUrIzvarajI ma.sA. kI nizrA meM marUdhara jyoti maNiprabhA zrIjI evaM ApakI bar3I dIkSA eka sAtha sampanna huii| ise puNya saMyoga kaheM yA guru kRpA kI phalazruti? Apane 32 varSa ke guru sAnnidhya kAla meM mAtra eka cAturmAsa guruvaryAzrI se alaga kiyA aura vaha bhI pUjyA pravartinI vicakSaNa zrIjI ma.sA. kI AjJA se| 32 varSa kI sAnnidhyatA meM Apa kula 32 mahIne bhI guru sevA se vaMcita nahIM rhii| Apake jIvana kI yaha

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ... xxix vizeSatA pUjyavaroM ke prati sarvAtmanA samarpaNa, agAdha sevA bhAva evaM gurukula vAsa ke mahattva ko iMgita karatI hai / ApazrI saralatA, sahajatA, sahanazIlatA, sahRdayatA, vinamratA, sahiSNutA, dIrghadarzitA Adi aneka divya guNoM kI puMja haiN| saMyama pAlana ke prati ApakI niSThA evaM manobala kI dRr3hatA yaha Apake jina zAsana samarpaNa kI sUcaka hai| ApakA nizchala, niSkapaTa, nirdambha vyaktitva janamAnasa meM ApakI chavi ko cirasthApita karatA hai| ApazrI kA bAhya AcAra jitanA anumodanIya hai, AMtarika bhAvoM kI nirmalatA bhI utanI hI anuzaMsanIya hai| ApakI isI guNavattA ne kaI patha bhraSToM ko bhI dharmAbhimukha kiyA hai| ApakA vyavahAra hara varga ke evaM hara umra ke vyaktiyoM ke sAtha eka samAna rahatA hai| isI kAraNa Apa AbAla vRddha sabhI meM samAdRta haiN| hara koI binA kisI saMkoca yA hicaka ke Apake samakSa apane manobhAva abhivyakta kara sakatA hai| zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai 'santa hRdaya navanIta samAnA' - ApakA hRdaya dUsaroM ke lie makkhana ke samAna komala aura sahiSNu hai| vahIM isake viparIta Apa svayaM ke lie vajra se bhI adhika kaThora haiN| ApazrI apane niyamoM ke prati atyanta dRr3ha evaM atula manobalI haiN| Aja jIvana ke lagabhaga sattara basaMta pAra karane ke bAda bhI Apa yuvAoM ke samAna apramatta, sphurtimAna evaM utsAhI rahatI haiN| vihAra meM ApazrI kI gati samasta sAdhvI maMDala se adhika hotI hai| AhAra Adi zArIrika AvazyakatAoM ko Apane alpAyu se hI sImita evaM niyaMtrita kara rakhA hai| nitya ekAzanA, purimaDDha pratyAkhyAna Adi ke prati Apa atyaMta custa haiN| jisa prakAra siMha apane zatruoM para vijaya prApta karane hetu pUrNata: saceta evaM tatpara rahatA hai vaise hI ApazrI viSaya - kaSAya rUpI zatruoM kA damana karane meM satata jAgarUka rahatI haiN| viSaya vardhaka adhikAMza vigaya jaisemiThAI, kar3hAI, dahI Adi kA Apake sarvathA tyAga hai| ApazrI Agama, dharma darzana, saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI Adi vividha viSayoM kI jJAtA evaM unakI adhikAriNI hai| vyAvahArika stara para bhI Apane ema.e. ke samakakSa darzanAcArya kI parIkSA uttIrNa kI hai| adhyayana ke saMskAra Apako guru paramparA se vaMzAnugata rUpa meM prApta hue haiN| ApakI nizrAgata guru bhaginiyoM evaM ziSyAoM ke adhyayana, saMyama pAlana tathA AtmokarSa ke prati Apa sadaiva saceSTa

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xxx... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rahatI haiN| ApazrI eka saphala anuzAstA haiM yahI vajaha hai ki ApakI dekharekha meM sajjana maNDala kI phulavArI unnati evaM utkarSa ko prApta kara rahI haiN| tapa aura japa Apake jIvana kA abhinna aMga hai| 'OM hIM arha' pada kI raTanA pratipala Apake roma-roma meM guMjAyamAna rahatI hai| jIvana kI kaThina se kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI Apa tadanukUla manaHsthiti banA letI haiN| Apa hamezA kahatI haiM ki jo-jo dekhA vItarAga ne, so so hosI vIrA re| anahonI nA hota jagata meM, phira kyoM hota adhIrA re / / ApakI paramAtma bhakti evaM gurudeva ke prati pravardhamAna zraddhA darzanIya hai| ApakA AgamAnurUpa vartana Apako nisandeha mahAna puruSoM kI koTI meM upasthita karatA hai| ApazrI eka jana prabhAvI vaktA evaM saphala zAsana sevikA haiN| ____ ApazrI kI preraNA se jinazAsana kI zAzvata paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane meM sahayogI anekaza: jinamaMdiroM kA nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra huA hai| zruta sAhitya ke saMvardhana meM ApazrI ke sAtha ApakI nizrArata sAdhvI maMDala kA bhI viziSTa yogadAna rahA hai| aba taka 25-30 pustakoM kA lekhana-saMpAdana ApakI preraNA se sAdhvI maMDala dvArA ho cukA hai evaM aneka viSayoM para kArya abhI bhI gatimAna hai| bhArata ke vividha kSetroM kA pada bhramaNa karate hue Apane aneka kSetroM meM dharma evaM jJAna kI jyoti jAgRta kI hai| rAjasthAna, gujarAta, madhyapradeza, cha.ga., yU.pI., bihAra, baMgAla, tamilanADu, karnATaka, mahArASTra, jhArakhaMDa, Andhrapradeza Adi aneka prAntoM kI yAtrA kara Apane unheM apanI padaraja se pavitra kiyA hai| ina kSetroM meM hue Apake aitihAsika cAturmAsoM kI cirasmRti sabhI ke mAnasa paTala para sadaiva aMkita rhegii| anta meM yahI kahU~gI cintana meM jisake ho kSamatA, vANI meM sahaja madhuratA ho| AcaraNa meM saMyama jhalake, vaha zraddhAspada bana jAtA hai| jo antara meM hI ramaNa kareM, vaha santa puruSa kahalAtA hai| jo bhItara meM hI bhramaNa kareM, vaha santa puruSa kahalAtA hai|| aisI virala sAdhikA AryAratna pUjyAzrI ke caraNa sarojoM meM merA jIvana sadA bhramaravat guMjana karatA rahe, yahI antrkaamnaa|

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kaise pAI saumyAjI ne apanI maMjila sAdhvI priyadarzanAzrI Aja saumyaguNAjI ko saphalatA ke isa uttuMga zikhara para dekhakara aisA laga rahA hai mAno cira rAtri ke bAda aba yaha manabhAvana aruNima velA udita huI ho| Aja isa saphalatA ke pIche rahA unakA athaka parizrama, anekazaH bAdhAe~, viSaya kI durUhatA evaM dIrgha prayAsa ke viSaya meM socakara hI mana abhibhUta ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra kisAna bIja bone se lekara phala prApti taka aneka prakAra se svayaM ko tapAtA evaM khapAtA hai aura taba jAkara use phala kI prApti hotI hai yA phira jaba koI mAtA nau mahIne taka garbha meM bAlaka ko dhAraNa karatI hai taba use mAtRtva sukha kI prApti hotI hai ThIka usI prakAra saumyaguNAjI ne bhI isa kArya kI siddhi hetu mAtra eka yA do varSa nahIM apitu satraha varSa taka nirantara kaThina sAdhanA kI hai| isI sAdhanA kI A~ca meM tapakara Aja 23 Volumes ke bRhad rUpa meM inakA svarNima kArya jana grAhya bana rahA hai / Aja bhI eka-eka ghaTanA mere mAnasa paTala para philma ke rUpa meM ubhara rahI hai| aisA lagatA hai mAno abhI kI hI bAta ho, saumyAjI ko hamAre sAtha rahate hue 28 varSa hone jA rahe haiM aura ina varSoM meM inheM eka sundara salonI gur3iyA se eka viduSI zAsana prabhAvikA, gUr3hAnveSI sAdhikA banate dekhA hai| eka pA~cavIM par3hI huI lar3akI Aja D.LIt kI padavI se vibhUSita hone vAlI hai| vaha bhI koI sAmAnya D.Lit. nahIM, 22-23 bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA eka bRhad kArya aura jisakA ekaeka bhAga eka zodha prabandha ( Thesis) ke samAna hai| aba taka zAyada hI kisI bhI zodhArthI ne DI.liT kArya itane adhika Volumes meM sampanna kiyA hogA / lADanUM vizvavidyAlaya kI prathama DI.liT. zodhArthI saumyAjI ke isa kArya ne vizvavidyAlaya ke aitihAsika kAryoM meM svarNima pRSTha jor3ate hue zreSThatama udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| satraha varSa pahale hama loga pUjyA guruvaryyAzrI ke sAtha pUrvI kSetra kI sparzanA kara rahe the| banArasa meM DaoN. sAgaramalajI dvArA Agama granthoM ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko

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xxxii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jAnane kA yaha eka svarNima avasara thA ataH san 1995 meM gurvAjJA se- maiM, saumyAjI evaM nUtana dIkSita sAdhvIjI ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI janmabhUmi vArANasI kI ora apane kadama bddh'aae| zikharajI Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate hue hama loga dharma nagarI kAzI phuNce| vArANasI sthita pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vahA~ ke mandiroM evaM paMDitoM ke maMtranAda se dUra nIrava vAtAvaraNa meM adbhuta zAMti kA anubhava karavA rahA thaa| adhyayana hetu manojJa evaM anukUla sthAna thaa| saMyogavaza marUdhara jyoti pUjyA maNiprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. kI nizrAvartI, merI bacapana kI sakhI pUjyA vidyutaprabhA zrIjI Adi bhI adhyayanArtha vahA~ padhArI thii| DaoN. sAgaramalajI se vicAra vimarza karane ke pazcAta AcArya jinaprabhasUri racita vidhimArgaprapA para zodha karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| san 1973 meM pUjya guruvaryA zrI sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. baMgAla kI bhUmi para padhArI thii| svAdhyAya rasika AgamajJa zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA, zrI bhaMvalAlajI nAhaTA se pUjyAzrI kI pArasparika svAdhyAya carcA calatI rahatI thii| ekadA pUjyAzrI ne kahA ki merI hArdika icchA hai jinaprabhasUrikRta vidhimArgaprapA Adi granthoM kA anuvAda ho| pUjyAzrI yoga-saMyoga vaza usakA anuvAda nahIM kara paaii| viSaya kA cayana karate samaya mujhe guruvaryA zrI kI vahI icchA yAda AI yA phira yaha kahUM to atizayokti nahIM hogI ki saumyAjI kI yogyatA dekhate hue zAyada pUjyAzrI ne hI mujhe isakI antas preraNA dii| yadyapi yaha graMtha vidhi-vidhAna ke kSetra meM bahu upayogI thA parantu prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA meM Abaddha hone ke kAraNa usakA hindI anuvAda karanA Avazyaka ho gyaa| saumyAjI ke zodha kI kaThina parIkSAe~ yahIM se prArambha ho gii| unhoMne sarvaprathama prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA jJAna kiyaa| tatpazcAta dina-rAta eka kara pA~ca mahInoM meM hI isa kaThina graMtha kA anuvAda apanI kSamatA anusAra kara ddaalaa| lekina yahIM para samasyAe~ samApta nahIM huii| saumyaguNAjI jo ki rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura se darzanAcArya (ema.e.) thIM, banArasa meM pI-eca.DI. hetu Avedana nahIM kara sakatI thii| jisa lakSya ko lekara Ae the vaha kArya pUrNa nahIM hone se mana thor3A vicalita huA parantu vizvavidyAlaya ke niyamoM ke kAraNa hama kucha bhI karane meM asamartha the ata: pUjya guruvaryAzrI ke caraNoM meM pahu~cane hetu punaH kalakattA kI ora prayANa kiyaa| hamArA vaha cAturmAsa saMgha Agraha ke kAraNa

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxxiii puna: kalakattA nagarI meM huaa| vahA~ se cAturmAsa pUrNakara dharmAnurAgI janoM ko zIghra Ane kA AzvAsana dete hue pUjyAzrI ke sAtha jayapura kI ora vihAra kiyaa| jayapura meM Agama jyoti, pUjyA guruvaryA zrI sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. kI samAdhi sthalI mohanabAr3I meM mUrti pratiSThA kA Ayojana thA ata: ugra vihAra kara hama loga jayapura phuNceN| bahuta hI sundara aura bhavya rUpa meM kAryakrama sampanna huaa| jayapura saMgha ke ati Agraha se pUjyAzrI evaM saumyaguNAjI kA cAturmAsa jayapura hI huaa| jayapura kA svAdhyAyI zrAvaka varga saumyAjI se kAphI prabhAvita thaa| yadyapi banArasa meM pI-eca.DI. nahIM ho pAI thI kintu saumyAjI kA adhyayana AMzika rUpa meM cAlU thaa| usI bIca DaoN. sAgaramalajI ke nirdezAnusAra jayapura saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke pro. DaoN. zItalaprasAda jaina ke mArgadarzana meM dharmAnurAgI zrI navaratanamalajI zrImAla ke Der3ha varSa ke athaka prayAsa se unakA rajisTrezana huaa| sAmAjika jimmedAriyoM ko saMbhAlate hue unhoMne apane kArya ko gati dii| pI-eca.DI. kA kArya prArambha to kara liyA parantu sAdhu jIvana kI maryAdA, viSaya kI darUhatA evaM zodha Adi ke viSaya meM anubhavahInatA se kaI bAdhAe~ utpanna hotI rhii| nirdezaka mahodaya digambara paramparA ke hone se zvetAmbara vidhividhAnoM ke viSaya meM unase bhI vizeSa sahayoga milanA muzkila thA ata: saumyAjI ko jo karanA thA apane balabUte para hI karanA thaa| yaha saumyAjI hI thI jinhoMne itanI bAdhAoM aura rUkAvaToM ko pAra kara isa zodha kArya ko aMjAma diyaa| jayapura ke pazcAta kuzala gurudeva kI pratyakSa sthalI mAlapurA meM cAturmAsa huaa| vahA~ para lAibrerI Adi kI asuvidhAoM ke bIca bhI unhoMne apane kArya ko pUrNa karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| tadanantara jayapura meM eka mahInA rahakara mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI se isakA karekzana karavAyA tathA kucha sAmagrI saMzodhana hetu DaoN. sAgaramalajI ko bhejii| yahA~ taka to unakI kArya gati acchI rahI kintu isake bAda lambe vihAra hone se unakA kArya prAyaH avarUddha ho gyaa| phira agalA cAturmAsa pAlItANA huaa| vahA~ para Ane vAle yAtrIgaNoM kI bhIr3a aura tapa sAdhanA-ArAdhanA meM adhyayana nahIMvata hI ho paayaa| punaH sAdhu jIvana ke niyamAnusAra eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna kI ora kadama bddh'aae| rAyapura (cha.ga.) jAne hetu lambe vihAroM ke calate ve apane kArya ko kiMcita bhI saMpAdita nahIM kara pA rahI thii| rAyapura pahu~cate-pahu~cate Registration kI avadhi antima caraNa taka pahu~ca cukI thI ata: cAturmAsa ke pazcAta muditaprajJA zrIjI aura inheM rAyapura

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xxxiv... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana chor3akara zeSa logoM ne anya AsapAsa ke kSetroM kI sparzanA kii| rAyapura nivAsI sunIlajI botharA ke sahayoga se do-tIna mAsa meM pUre kAma ko zodha prabandha kA rUpa dekara use san 2001 meM rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM prastuta kiyA gyaa| yena kena prakAreNa isa zodha kArya ko inhoMne svayaM kI himmata se pUrNa kara hI diyA / tadanantara 2002 kA baiMgalora cAturmAsa sampanna kara mAlegA~va phuNce| vahA~ para saMgha ke prayAsoM se cAturmAsa ke antima dina unakA zodha vAyavA saMpanna huA aura unheM kucha hI samaya meM pI-eca. DI. kI padavI vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pradAna kI gii| san 1995 banArasa meM prArambha huA kArya san 2003 mAlegA~va meM pUrNa huaa| isa kAlAvadhi ke daurAna samasta saMghoM ko unakI pI-eca.DI. ke viSaya meM jJAta ho cukA thA aura viSaya bhI rucikara thA ataH use prakAzita karane hetu vividha saMghoM se Agraha hone lgaa| isI Agraha ne unake zodha ko eka nayA mor3a diyaa| saumyAjI kahatI 'mere pAsa batAne ko bahuta kucha hai, parantu vaha prakAzana yogya nahIM hai' aura sahI mAyane meM zodha prabandha sAmAnya janatA ke lie utanA sugama nahIM hotA ataH guruvaryyA zrI ke pAlItAnA cAturmAsa ke daurAna vidhimArgaprapA ke artha kA saMzodhana evaM avAntara vidhiyoM para Thosa kArya karane hetu ve ahamadAbAda phuNcii| isI daurAna pUjya upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. ne bhI isa kArya kA pUrNa sarvekSaNa kara usameM apekSita sudhAra krvaae| tadanantara L. D. Institute ke prophesara jitendra bhAI, phira kobA lAibrerI se manoja bhAI sabhI ke sahayoga se vidhimArgaprapA ke artha meM rahI truTiyoM ko sudhArate hue use navIna rUpa diyaa| isI adhyayana kAla ke daurAna jaba ve kobA meM vidhi granthoM kA AloDana kara rahI thI taba DaoN. sAgaramalajI kA bAyapAsa sarjarI hetu vahA~ padArpaNa huaa| saumyAjI ko vahA~ adhyayanarata dekhakara bole- " Apa to hamArI vidyArthI ho, yahA~ kyA kara rahI ho? zAjApura padhArie maiM yathAsaMbhava hara sahayoga dene kA prayAsa kruuNgaa|" yadyapi vidhi vidhAna DaoN. sAgaramalajI kA viSaya nahIM thA parantu unakI jJAna praur3hatA evaM anubhava zIlatA saumyAjI ko sahI dizA dene hetu paryApta thii| vahA~ se vidhimArgaprapA kA navInIkaraNa kara ve guruvaryyAzrI ke sAtha mumbaI cAturmAsArthaM giiN| mahAvIra svAmI derAsara pAyadhunI se vidhiprapA kA prakAzana bahuta hI sundara rUpa meM huaa| kisI bhI kArya meM bAra-bAra bAdhAe~ Ae to utsAha evaM pravAha svataH manda ho jAtA hai, parantu saumyAjI kA utsAha viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI vRddhiMgata

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxxv rhaa| mumbaI kA cAturmAsa pUrNakara ve zAjApura giiN| vahA~ jAkara DaoN. sAhaba ne DI.liTa karane kA sujhAva diyA aura lADanUM vizvavidyAlaya ke antargata unhIM ke nirdezana meM rajisTrezana bhI ho gyaa| yaha lADanUM vizva bhAratI kA prathama DI.liTa. rajisTrezana thaa| saumyAjI se saba kucha jJAta hone ke bAda maiMne unase kahA- pratyeka vidhi para alaga-alaga kArya ho to acchA hai aura unhoMne vaisA hI kiyaa| paranta jaba kArya prArambha kiyA thA taba vaha itanA virATa rUpa le legA yaha anumAna bhI nahIM thaa| zAjApura meM rahate hue inhoMne cha:sAta vidhiyoM para apanA kArya pUrNa kiyaa| phira gurvAjJA se kArya ko bIca meM chor3a puna: guruvaryA zrI ke pAsa phuNcii| jayapura evaM TATA cAturmAsa ke sampUrNa sAmAjika dAyitvoM ko saMbhAlate hue pUjyAzrI ke sAtha rhii| zodha kArya pUrNa rUpa se rUkA haA thaa| DaoN.sAhaba ne saceta kiyA ki samayAvadhi pUrNatA kI ora hai ata: kArya zIghra pUrNa kareM to acchA rahegA varanA rajisTrezana radda bhI ho sakatA hai| aba eka bAra phira se unheM adhyayana kArya ko gati denI thii| unhoMne laghu bhaginI maNDala ke sAtha lAibrerI yukta zAnta-nIrava sthAna hetu vArANasI kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| isa bAra lakSya thA ki kArya ko kisI bhI prakAra se pUrNa karanA hai| unakI yogyatA dekhate hue zrI saMgha evaM guruvaryA zrI unheM aba samAja ke kAryoM se jor3e rakhanA cAhate the paraMtu kaThora parizrama yukta unake vizAla zodha kArya ko bhI sampanna karavAnA Avazyaka thaa| banArasa pahu~cakara inhoMne mudrA vidhi ko choTA kArya jAnakara use pahale karane ke vicAra se usase hI kArya ko prArambha kiyaa| dekhate hI dekhate usa kArya ne bhI eka virATa rUpa le liyaa| unakA yaha mudrA kArya vizvastarIya kArya thA jisameM unhoMne jaina, hindU, bauddha, yoga evaM nATya paramparA kI sahasrAdhika hasta mudrAoM para vizeSa zodha kiyaa| yadyapi unhoMne dina-rAta parizrama kara isa kArya ko 6-7 mahIne meM eka bAra pUrNa kara liyA, kintu usake vibhinna kArya to anta taka calate rhe| tatpazcAta unhoMne anya kucha viSayoM para aura bhI kArya kiyaa| unakI kAryaniSThA dekha vahA~ ke loga hataprabha raha jAte the| saMgha-samAja ke bIca svayaM bar3e hone ke kAraNa nahIM cAhate hue bhI sAmAjika dAyitva nibhAne hI par3ate the| sirpha banArasa meM hI nahIM rAyapura ke bAda jaba bhI ve adhyayana hetu kahIM gaI to unheM hI bar3e hokara jAnA pdd'aa| sabhI guru bahinoM kA vicaraNa zAsana kAryoM hetu bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM hone se isa samasyA kA sAmanA bhI unheM karanA hI thaa|

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xxxvi... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAdhu jIvana meM bar3e hokara rahanA arthAta saMgha-samAja-samudAya kI samasta gatividhiyoM para dhyAna rakhanA, jo ki adhyayana karane vAloM ke lie saMbhava nahIM hotA paraMtu sAdhu jIvana yAnI viparIta paristhitiyoM kA svIkAra aura jo inheM pAra kara Age bar3ha jAtA hai vaha jIvana jIne kI kalA kA mAsTara bana jAtA hai| isa zodhakArya ne saumyAjI ko vidhi-vidhAna ke sAtha jIvana ke kSetra meM bhI mAtra mAsTara nahIM apitu vizeSajJa banA diyaa| pUjya bar3e ma.sA. baMgAla ke kSetra meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| kolakAtA vAloM kI hArdika icchA saumyAjI ko bulAne kI thii| vaise jauharI saMgha ke padAdhikArI zrI premacandajI moghA evaM maMtrI maNilAlajI dusAja zAjApura se hI unake cAturmAsa hetu Agraha kara rahe the| ata: na cAhate hue bhI kArya ko ardha virAma de unheM kalakattA AnA pdd'aa| zAjApura evaM banArasa pravAsa ke daurAna kie gae zodha kArya kA kampoja karavAnA bAkI thA aura eka-do viSayoM para zodha bhii| paraMtu "jisakI khAo bAjarI usakI bajAo hAjarI'' ata: eka aura avarodha zodha kArya meM A cukA thaa| guruvaryA zrI ne socA thA ki cAturmAsa ke prArambhika do mahIne ke pazcAta inheM pravacana Adi dAyitvoM se nivRtta kara deMge paraMtu samAja meM rahakara yaha saba saMbhava nahIM hotaa| cAturmAsa ke bAda guruvaryA zrI to zeSa kSetroM kI sparzanA hetu nikala par3I kintu unheM zeSa kArya ko pUrNakara antima svarUpa dene hetu kolakAtA hI rkhaa| kolakAtA jaisI mahAnagarI evaM cira-paricita samudAya ke bIca tIvra gati se adhyayana asaMbhava thA ata: unhoMne mauna dhAraNa kara liyA aura saptAha meM mAtra eka ghaMTA logoM se dharma carcA hetu khulA rkhaa| phira bhI sAmAjika dAyitvoM se pUrNa mukti saMbhava nahIM thii| isI bIca kolakAtA saMgha ke Agraha se evaM adhyayana hetu anya suvidhAoM ko dekhate hue pUjyAzrI ne inakA cAturmAsa kalakattA ghoSita kara diyaa| pUjyAzrI se alaga hue saumyAjI ko karIba sAta mahIne ho cuke the| cAturmAsa sammukha thA aura ve apanI jimmedArI para prathama bAra svataMtra cAturmAsa karane vAlI thii| jeTha mahIne kI bhISaNa garmI meM unhoMne guruvaryAzrI ke darzanArtha jAne kA mAnasa banAyA aura Upara se mAnasUna sinA tAne khar3A thaa| adhyayana kArya pUrNa karane hetu samayAvadhi kI talavAra to unake Upara laTaka hI rahI thii| ina paristhitiyoM meM unhoMne 35-40 ki.mI. pratidina kI raphtAra se durgApura kI tarapha

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxxvii kadama bddh'aae| kalakattA se durgApura aura phira puna: kolakAtA kI yAtrA meM lagabhaga eka mahInA par3hAI nahIMvata hii| yadyapi guruvaryAzrI ke sAtha cAturmAsika kAryakramoM kI jimmedAriyA~ inhIM kI hotI hai phira bhI adhyayana Adi ke kAraNa inakI mAnasikatA cAturmAsa saMbhAlane kI nahIM thI aura kisI dRSTi se ucita bhI thaa| kyoMki sabase bar3e hone ke kAraNa pratyeka kAryabhAra kA vahana inhIM ko karanA thA ata: do mAha taka adhyayana kI gati para puna: breka laga gyaa| pUjyA zrI hamezA pharamAtI hai ki jo jo dekhA vItarAga ne, so-so hosI vIrA re| anahonI nA hota jagata meM, phira kyoM hota adhIrA re / / saumyAjI ne bhI guru AjJA ko zirodhArya kara saMgha-samAja ko samaya hI nahIM apita bhautikatA meM bhaTakate hae mAnava ko dharma kI sahI dizA bhI dikhaaii| vartamAna paristhitiyoM para unakI Ama carcA se logoM meM dharma ko dekhane kA eka nayA najariyA vikasita huaa| guruvaryAzrI evaM hama sabhI ko Antarika AnaMda kI anubhUti ho rahI thI kintu saumyAjI ko vApasa daganI gati se adhyayana meM jur3anA thaa| idhara kolakAtA saMgha ne pUrNa prayAsa kie phira bhI hindI bhASA kA koI acchA kampojara na milane se kampojiMga kArya banArasa meM karavAyA gyaa| dUrastha rahakara yaha saba kArya karavAnA unake lie eka viSama samasyA thii| paraMtu aba zAyada ve ina sabake lie sadha gaI thI, kyoMki unakA yaha kArya aisI hI aneka bAdhAoM kA sAmanA kara cukA thaa| udhara saiMthiyA cAturmAsa meM pUjyAzrI kA svAsthya acAnaka do-tIna bAra bigar3a gyaa| ata: varSAvAsa pUrNakara pUjya gurUvaryA zrI puna: kolakAtA kI ora pdhaarii| saumyAjI prasanna thI kyoMki gurUvaryA zrI svayaM unake pAsa padhAra rahI thii| gurujanoM kI nizrA prApta karanA hara vinIta ziSya kA manecchita hotA hai| pUjyA zrI ke Agamana se ve sAmAjika dAyitvoM se mukta ho gaI thii| adhyayana ke antima par3Ava meM gurUvaryA zrI kA sAtha unake lie suvarNa saMyoga thA kyoMki prAya: zodha kArya ke daurAna pUjyAzrI unase dUra rahI thii| ___ zodha samaya pUrNAhuti para thaa| paraMtu isa bRhada kArya ko itanI viSamatAoM ke bhaMvara meM pha~sakara pUrNatA taka pahu~cAnA eka kaThina kArya thaa| kArya apanI gati se cala rahA thA aura samaya apanI dhurI pr| sabamizana DeTa Ane vAlI thI kintu kampojiMga evaM prUpha rIDiMga Adi kA kAphI kArya zeSa thaa|

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xxxviii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pUjyAzrI ke prati ananya samarpita zrI vijayendrajI saMkhalecA ko jaba isa sthiti ke bAre meM jJAta huA to unhoMne yunivarsiTI dvArA samayAvadhi bar3hAne hetu arjI patra dene kA sujhAva diyaa| unake hArdika prayAsoM se 6 mahIne kA eksaTeMzana prApta huaa| idhara pUjyA zrI to zaMkhezvara dAdA kI pratiSThA sampanna kara anya kSetroM kI ora bar3hane kI icchuka thii| paraMtu bhaviSya ke garbha meM kyA chupA hai yaha koI nahIM jaantaa| kucha viziSTa kAraNoM ke calate kolakAtA bhavAnIpura sthita zaMkhezvara mandira kI pratiSThA cAturmAsa ke bAda honA nizcita huaa| ataH aba ATha-dasa mahIne taka baMgAla vicaraNa nizcita thaa| saumyAjI ko apratima saMyoga milA thA kArya pUrNatA ke lie| zAsana deva unakI kaThina se kaThina parIkSA le rahA thaa| zAyada viSamatAoM kI agni meM tapakara ve saumyAjI ko kharA sonA banA rahe the| kArya apanI pUrNatA kI ora pahu~catA isI se pUrva unake dvArA likhita 23 khaNDoM meM se eka khaNDa kI mUla kaoNpI guma ho gii| punaH eka khaNDa kA lekhana aura samayAvadhi kI alpatA ne samasyAoM kA cakravyUha sA banA diyaa| kucha bhI samajha meM nahIM A rahA thaa| jinapUjA kriyA vidhAnoM kA eka mukhya aMga hai ataH use gauNa karanA yA chor3a denA bhI saMbhava nahIM thaa| cAMsa lete hue eka bAra punaH Extension hetu nivedana patra bhejA gyaa| muni jIvana kI kaThinatA evaM zodha kArya kI vizAlatA ke maddenajara eka bAra punaH cAra mahIne kI avadhi yunivarsiTI ke dvArA prApta huI / zaMkhezvara dAdA kI pratiSThA nimitta sampUrNa sAdhvI maMDala kA cAturmAsa bakula bagAna sthita lIlIjI maNilAlajI sukhAnI ke nUtana baMgale meM honA nizcita huaa| pUjyAzrI ne khaDagapura, TATAnagara Adi kSetroM kI ora vihAra kiyaa| pA~cachaha sAdhvIjI adhyayana hetu pauzAla meM hI rUke the| zrI jinaraMgasUri pauzAla kolakAtA bar3A bAjAra meM sthita hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie yaha atyaMta zAtAkArI sthAna hai| saumyAjI ko banArasa se kolakAtA lAne evaM adhyayana pUrNa karavAne meM pauzAla ke TrasTiyoM kI vizeSa bhUmikA rahI hai| saumyAjI ne apanA adhikAMza adhyayana kAla vahA~ vyatIta kiyaa| TrasTIgaNa zrI kAntilAlajI, kamalacaMdajI, vimalacaMdajI, maNilAlajI Adi ne bhI hara prakAra kI suvidhAe~ pradAna kI / saMgha-samAja ke sAmAnya dAyitvoM se bacAe rkhaa| isI adhyayana kAla meM bIkAnera hAla kolakAtA nivAsI zrI

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xxxix khemacaMdajI bAMThiyA ne AtmIyatA pUrvaka sevAeM pradAna kara ina logoM ko nizcinta rkhaa| isI taraha ananya sevAbhAvI zrI candrakumArajI muNota (lAlAbAbU) jo saumyAjI ko bahanavata mAnate haiM unhoMne eka bhAI ke samAna unakI hara AvazyakatA kA dhyAna rkhaa| kalakattA saMgha saumyAjI ke lie parivAravata hI ho gayA thaa| sampUrNa saMgha kI eka hI bhAvanA thI ki unakA adhyayana kolakAtA meM hI pUrNa ho| ___pUjyAzrI TATAnagara se kolakAtA kI ora padhAra rahI thii| suyogyA sAdhvI samyagdarzanAjI ugra vihAra kara guruvaryyAzrI ke pAsa pahuMcI thii| saumyAjI nizciMta thI ki isa bAra cAturmAsika dAyitva suyogyA samyaga darzanAjI mahArAja sNbhaaleNge| ve apanA adhyayana ucita samayAvadhi meM pUrNa kara leNge| paraMtu paristhiti vizeSa se samyagajI mahArAja kA cAturmAsa khaDagapura hI ho gyaa| saumyAjI kI zodhayAtrA meM saMgharSoM kI samApti hI nahIM ho rahI thii| pustaka lekhana, cAturmAsika jimmedAriyA~ aura pratiSThA kI taiyAriyA~ koI samAdhAna dUradUra taka najara nahIM A rahA thaa| adhyayana kI mahattA ko samajhate hue pUjyAzrI evaM amitAjI sukhAnI ne unheM cAturmAsika dAyitvoM se nivRtta rahane kA anunaya kiyA kintu guru kI zAsana sevA meM sahayogI banane ke lie inhoMne do mahIne guruvaryA zrI ke sAtha cAturmAsika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha kiyaa| phira vaha apane adhyayana meM juTa gii| kaI bAra mana meM prazna uThatA ki hamArI pyArI saumyA itanA sAhasa kahA~ se lAtI hai| kisI kavi kI paMktiyA~ yAda A rahI hai sUraja se kaha do bezaka vaha, apane ghara ArAma kreN| cA~da sitAre jI bhara soeM, nahIM kisI kA kAma kreN| agara amAvasa se lar3ane kI jida koI kara letA hai| to saumya guNA sA juganu sArA, aMdhakAra hara letA hai / / jina pUjA eka vistRta viSaya hai| isakA punarlekhana to niyata avadhi meM ho gayA paraMtu kampojiMga Adi nahIM hone se zodha prabaMdha ke tIsare evaM cauthe bhAga ko taiyAra karane ke lie samaya kI AvazyakatA thii| aba tIsarI bAra lADanUM vizvavidyAlaya se Extension milanA asaMbhavaM pratIta ho rahA thaa| zrI vijayendrajI saMkhalecA samasta paristhitiyoM se avagata the| unhoMne pUjya gurUvaryA zrI se nivedana kiyA ki saumyAjI ko pUrNata: nivRtti dekara kArya

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xl... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zIghrAtizIghra karavAyA jaae| vizvavidyAlaya ke tatsambandhI niyamoM ke bAre meM patA karake Der3ha mahIne kI antima evaM viziSTa mauhalata dilvaaii| aba derI hone kA matalaba thA Rejection of Work by University ata: tvarA gati se kArya claa| saumyAjI para gurujanoM kI kRpA anavarata rahI hai| pUjya gurUvaryA sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. ke prati vaha vizeSa zraddhA praNata haiN| apane hara zubha karma kA nimitta evaM upAdAna unheM hI mAnatI haiN| ise sAkSAta guru kRpA kI anuzruti hI kahanA hogA ki unake samasta kArya svataH gyArasa ke dina sampanna hote ge| saumyAjI kI Antarika icchA thI ki pUjyAzrI ko samarpita unakI kRti pUjyAzrI kI puNyatithi ke dina vizvavidyAlaya meM Submit kI jAe aura nimitta bhI aise hI bane ki Extension lete-lete saMyogavazAta puna: vahI tithi aura mahInA A gyaa| 23 disambara 2012 mauna gyArasa ke dina lADanUM vizvavidyAlaya meM 4 bhAgoM meM vargIkRta 23 khaNDIya Thesis jamA kI gii| itane virATa zodha kArya ko dekhakara sabhI hataprabha the| 5556 pRSThoM meM gumphita yaha zodha kArya yadi zodha niyama ke anusAra taiyAra kiyA hotA to 11000 pRSThoM se adhika ho jaate| yaha saba gurUvaryA zrI kI hI asIma kRpA thii| pUjyA zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA. kI hArdika icchA thI ki saumyAjI ke isa jJAnayajJa kA sammAna kiyA jAe jisase jina zAsana kI prabhAvanA ho aura jaina saMgha gauravAnvita bne| bhavAnIpura-zaMkhezvara dAdA kI pratiSThA kA pAvana suyoga thaa| zrutajJAna ke bahumAna rUpa 23 granthoM kA bhI julUsa nikAlA gyaa| sampUrNa kolakAtA saMgha dvArA unakI vadhAmaNI kI gii| yaha eka anumodanIya evaM avismaraNIya prasaMga thaa| basa mana meM eka hI kasaka raha gaI ki maiM isa pUrNAhati kA hissA nahIM bana paaii| Aja saumyAjI kI dIrgha zodha yAtrA ko pUrNatA ke zikhara para dekhakara niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pUjyA pravartinI ma.sA. jahA~ bhI Atma sAdhanA meM lIna hai vahA~ se unakI anavarata kRpA dRSTi barasa rahI hai| zodha kArya pUrNa hone ke bAda bhI saumyAjI ko virAma kahA~ thA? unake zodha viSaya kI traikAlika prAsaMgikatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unheM pustaka rUpa meM prakAzita karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| pustaka prakAzana sambandhI sabhI kArya zeSa the tathA pustakoM kA prakAzana kolakAtA se hI ho rahA thaa| ata: kalakattA saMgha ke pramukha zrI kAntilAlajI mukIma, vimalacaMdajI mahamavAla, zrAvikA zreSThA pramilAjI

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xli mahamavAla, vijayendrajI saMkhalecA Adi ne pUjyAzrI ke sammukha saumyAjI ko rokane kA nivedana kiyaa| zrI candrakumArajI muNota, zrI maNilAlajI dUsAja Adi bhI nivedana kara cuke the| yadyapi ajImagaMja dAdAbAr3I pratiSThA ke kAraNa rokanA asaMbhava thA paraMtu mukima jI ke atyAgraha ke kAraNa pUjyAzrI ne unheM kucha samaya ke lie vahA~ rahane kI AjJA pradAna kii| ___gurUvaryA zrI ke sAtha vihAra karate hue saumyAguNAjI ko tIna Stop jAne ke bAda vApasa AnA pdd'aa| dAdAbAr3I ke samIpastha zItalanAtha bhavana meM rahakara unhoMne apanA kArya pUrNa kiyaa| isa taraha inakI sampUrNa zodha yAtrA meM kalakattA eka avismaraNIya sthAna banakara rhaa| kSaNaiH kSaNaiH bar3ha rahe unake kadama aba maMjila para paha~ca cuke haiN| Aja jo saphalatA kI bahumaMjilA imArata isa pustaka zrRMkhalA ke rUpa meM dekha rahe haiM vaha majabUta nIMva inhoMne apane utsAha, mehanata aura lagana ke AdhAra para rakhI hai| saumyaguNAjI kA yaha vizad kArya yuga-yugoM taka eka kIrtistambha ke rUpa meM smaraNIya rhegaa| zruta kI amUlya nidhi meM vidhi-vidhAna ke rahasyoM ko ujAgara karate hae unhoMne jo kArya kiyA hai vaha Ane vAlI bhAvI pIr3hI ke lie Adarza rUpa rhegaa| loka paricaya evaM lokaprasiddhi se dUra rahane ke kAraNa hI Aja ve isa bRhad kArya ko sampanna kara pAI haiN| maiM paramAtmA se yahI prArthanA karatI hU~ ki ve sadA isI taraha zruta saMvardhana ke kalyANa patha para gatizIla rhe| aMtata: unake aDiga manobala kI anumodanA karate hue yahI kahU~gIpragati zilA para car3hane vAle bahuta mileMge, kIrtimAna karane vAlA to viralA hotA hai| AMdolana karane vAle to bahuta mileMge, dizA badalane vAlA koI nirAlA hotA hai| tAroM kI taraha Tima-TimAne vAle aneka hote haiM, para sUraja bana rozana karane vAlA koI eka hI hotA hai| samaya gaMvAne vAloM se yaha duniyA bharI hai, para itihAsa banAne vAlA koI saumya sA hI hotA hai| prazaMsA pAne vAle jaga meM aneka mileMge, priya bane sabhI kA aisA koI sajjana hI hotA hai / /

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hArdika prasannatA kisI kavi ne bahuta hI sundara kahA hai dhIre-dhIre re manA, dhIre saba kucha hoya / mAlI sIMce so ghar3A, Rtu Avata phala hoya / / hara kArya meM saphalatA samaya Ane para hI prApta hotI hai| eka kisAna bIja bokara sAla bhara taka mehanata karatA hai taba jAkara use phasala prApta hotI hai| cAra sAla taka College meM mehanata karane ke bAda vidyArthI Doctor, Engineer yA MBA hotA hai| ___ sAdhvI saumyaguNAjI Aja saphalatA ke jisa zikhara para pahuMcI hai usake pIche unakI varSoM kI mehanata evaM dhairya nIMva rUpa meM rahe hue haiN| lagabhaga 30 varSa pUrva saumyAjI kA Agamana hamAre maNDala meM eka choTI sI gur3iyA ke rUpa meM huA thaa| vyavahAra meM laghutA, vicAroM meM saralatA evaM buddhi kI zreSThatA unake pratyeka kArya meM tabhI se parilakSita hotI thii| gyAraha varSa kI nizA jaba pahalI bAra pUjyAzrI ke pAsa vairAgyavAsita avasthA meM AI taba mAtra cAra mAha kI avadhi meM pratikramaNa, prakaraNa, bhASya,karmagrantha, prAta:kAlIna pATha Adi kaMThastha kara lie the| unakI tIvra buddhi evaM smaraNa zakti kI prakharatA ke kAraNa pUjya choTe ma.sA. (pUjya zaziprabhA zrIjI ma.sA.) unheM adhika se adhika cIjeM sikhAne kI icchA rakhate the| nizA kA bAla mana jaba adhyayana se uktA jAtA aura bAla sulabha ceSTAoM ke lie mana utkaMThita hone lagatA, to kaI bAra vaha ghaMToM upAzraya kI chata para to kabhI sIr3hiyoM meM jAkara chupa jAtI tAki use adhyayana na karanA pdd'e| paraMtu yaha usakI bAla krIr3Ae~ thii| 15-20 gAthAe~ yAda karanA usake lie eka sahaja bAta thii| unake adhyayana kI lagana evaM sIkhane kI kalA Adi ke anukaraNa kI preraNA Aja bhI choTe ma.sA. Ane vAlI naI maMDalI ko dete haiN| sUtrAgama adhyayana, jJAnArjana, lekhana, zodha Adi ke kArya meM unhoMne jo zrRMkhalA prArambha kI hai Aja sajjanamaMDala meM usameM kaI kar3iyA~ jur3a gaI haiM parantu mukhya kar3I to

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...xllli mukhya hI hotI hai| ye sabhI ke lie preraNA bana rahI haiM kintu inake bhItara jo preraNA AI vaha kahIM na kahIM pUjya guruvaryA zrI kI asIma kRpA hai| ucca ur3Ana nahIM bhara sakate tuccha bAharI camakIle para mahata karma ke lie cAhie mahata preraNA bala bhI bhItara yaha mahata preraNA guru kRpA se hI prApta ho sakatI hai| vinaya, saralatA, zAlInatA, RjutA Adi guNa gurukRpA kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai| saumyAjI kA mana zurU se sIdhA evaM sarala rahA hai| sAMsArika kapaTa-mAyA yA vyavahArika aupacArikatA nibhAnA inake svabhAva meM nahIM hai| pUjya pravartinIjI ma.sA. ko kaI bAra ye sahaja meM kahatI 'mahArAja zrI!' maiM to ApakI koI sevA nahIM karatI, na hI mujhameM vinaya hai, phira merA uddhAra kaise hogA, mujhe guru kRpA kaise prApta hogI?' taba pUjyAzrI pharamAtI- 'saumyA! tere Upara to merI anAyAsa kRpA hai, tUM ciMtA kyoM karatI hai? tUM to mahAna sAdhvI bnegii|' Aja pUjyAzrI kI hI antasa zakti evaM AzIrvAda kA prasphoTana hai ki lokaiSaNA, loka prazaMsA evaM loka prasiddhi ke moha se dUra ve zruta sevA meM sarvAtmanA samarpita haiN| jitanI samarpita ve pUjyA zrI ke prati thI utanI hI vinamra anya gurujanoM ke prati bhii| guru bhaginI maMDala ke kAryoM ke lie bhI ve sadA tatpara rahatI haiN| cAhe bar3oM kA kArya ho, cAhe choToM kA unhoMne kabhI kisI ko TAlane kI koziza nahIM kii| cAhe priyadarzanA zrIjI ho, cAhe divyadarzanA zrIjI, cAhe zubhadarzanAzrIjI ho, cAhe zIlaguNA jI Aja taka sabhI ke sAtha inhoMne laghu banakara hI vyavahAra kiyA hai| kanakaprabhAjI, saMyamaprajJAjI Adi laghu bhaginI maMDala ke sAtha bhI inakA vyavahAra sadaiva sammAna, mAdhurya evaM apanepana se yukta rahA hai| ye jinake bhI sAtha cAturmAsa karane gaI haiM unheM guruvata sammAna diyA tathA unakI viziSTa Antarika maMgala kAmanAoM ko prApta kiyA hai| pUjyA vinItA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjyA maNiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA., pUjyA hemaprabhA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjyA sulocanA zrIjI ma.sA., pUjyA vidyutaprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. Adi kI ina para vizeSa kRpA rahI hai| pUjya upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA., AcArya zrI padmasAgarasUrijI ma.sA., AcArya zrI kIrtiyazasUrijI Adi ne inheM apanA

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xliv... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana snehAzISa evaM mArgadarzana diyA hai| AcArya zrI rAjayazasUrijI ma.sA., pUjya bhrAtA zrI vimalasAgarajI ma.sA. evaM pUjya vAcaMyamA zrIjI (bahana) ma.sA. inakA Ph.D. evaM D.Litt. kA viSaya vidhi-vidhAnoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa inheM 'vidhiprabhA' nAma se hI bulAte haiN| pUjyA zaziprabhAjI ma.sA. ne adhyayana kAla ke atirikta inheM kabhI bhI apane se alaga nahIM kiyA aura Aja bhI hama sabhI guru bahanoM kI apekSA guru nizrA prApti kA lAbha inheM hI sarvAdhika milatA hai| pUjyAzrI ke cAturmAsa meM apane vividha prayAsoM ke dvArA cAra cA~da lagAkara ye unheM aura bhI adhika jAnadAra banA detI haiN| ___tapa-tyAga ke kSetra meM to bacapana se hI inakI vizeSa ruci thii| navapada kI olI kA prArambha inhoMne gRhastha avasthA meM hI kara diyA thaa| inakI choTI umra ko dekhakara choTe ma.sA. ne kahA- dekho! tumheM tapasyA ke sAtha utanI hI par3hAI karanI hogI taba to olIjI karanA anyathA nhiiN| ye bolI- maiM roja pandraha nahIM bIsa gAthA karUMgI Apa mujhe olIjI karane dIjie aura usa samaya olIjI karake sampUrNa prAta:kAlIna pATha kaMThAgra kiye| bIsasthAnaka, vardhamAna, navapada, mAsakSamaNa, zreNI tapa, cattAri aTTha dasa doya, paiMtAlIsa Agama, gyAraha gaNadhara, caudaha pUrva, aTThAIsa labdhi, dharmacakra, pakhavAsA Adi kaI choTe-bar3e tapa karate hue inhoMne adhyayana evaM tapasyA donoM meM hI apane Apako sadA agrasara rkhaa| Aja unake varSoM kI mehanata kI phalazruti huI hai| jisa zodha kArya ke lie ve gata 18 varSoM se juTI huI thI usa saMkalpanA ko Aja eka mUrta svarUpa prApta huA hai| aba taka saumyAjI ne jisa dhairya, lagana, ekAgratA, zruta samarpaNa evaM dRr3haniSThA ke sAtha kArya kiyA hai ve unameM sadA vRddhiMgata rhe| pUjya guruvaryA zrI ke nakSe kadama para Age bar3hate hue ve unake kAryoM ko aura nayA AyAma deM tathA zruta ke kSetra meM eka nayA avadAna prastuta kreN| inhIM zubha bhAvoM ke sAtha guru bhaginI maNDala

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anubhUti ke zabda jIvana eka choTA sA zabda hai| isa choTe se zabda meM sampUrNa jagata samAhita ho jAtA hai| duniyA ke jitane viSaya haiM, jitanI vastue~ haiM sabhI kA mUlya zabda kI upasthiti meM hI hai| ina sabhI kA lAbha evaM Ananda vahI le sakatA hai jise jIvana jIne kI kalA kA jJAna ho, jinheM mAnava jIvana kI durlabhatA kA bhAna ho aura usake prati sammAna ho| isI durlabhatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara aneka dharmAcAryoM evaM tattva cintakoM ne jIvana jIne hetu kaI niyama-upaniyama batAe haiN| . saMskAra eka pracalita zabda hai| sAmAnyatayA kisI bhI vastu, padArtha yA vyakti Adi ko viziSTa suMdaratA pradAna karane hetu jo kriyA kI jAtI hai use saMskAra kahA jAtA hai| mAnava ko mahAmAnava banAne evaM use mokSa lakSya taka pahu~cAne hetu zAstroM meM solaha saMskAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya sabhyatA meM sadAkAla se hI satsaMskAroM kI pradhAnatA rahI hai| isI kAraNa RSimuniyoM ne jIva ke garbha meM Ane se pUrva hI use susaMskArita karane hetu kaI vidhAna batalAe haiN| unhIM kA saMyukta rUpa hai SoDaza sNskaar| jIva ke garbha meM Ane arthAta saMsAra meM praveza karane se lekara usakI mRtyu (saMskAra chor3ane kI sthiti) taka ke vidhAnoM kA upakrama isake antargata kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM solaha saMskAroM ko vaidika paramparA se sambandhita mAnA jAtA hai paraMtu jainAcAryoM ne kahIM para saMkSipta rUpa meM, kahIM para AMzika rUpa meM to kahIM-kahIM vistRta varNana bhI kiyA hai| Agama granthoM meM kiMca saMskAroM kA ullekha saMprApta hotA hai| vartamAna meM nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, vivAha, cUr3AkaraNa Adi kucha saMskAroM kA hI astitva dekhA jAtA hai| yadi gahana vicAra kiyA jAe to ina saMskAroM kI vaijJAnika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattA evaM prAsaMgikatA pratibhAsita hotI hai| dharmAcAryoM ne isake dvArA mAtra AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko hI lakSita nahIM kiyA apitu zArIrika svasthatA, bauddhika praur3hatA, pArivArika samarasatA Adi ko bhI pramukhatA dii|

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xivi... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ___ Aja ke yuga meM hamArI saMskRti evaM saMskAra dhUmila hote jA rahe haiN| naitikatA, prAmANikatA, ApasI sauhArdra, nizchala premabhAva, ni:svArtha vRtti Adi guNoM kA lopa hotA jA rahA hai| ina sabhI kA mukhya kAraNa ucita rUpa se saMskAroM kI paripAlanA na karanA hI hai| Aja dAmpatya jIvana prArambha hone se pahale hI talAka kI sthiti taka pahu~ca jAte haiN| bacce kA janma hone ke sAtha hI adhyayana Adi hetu Admission ho jAte haiM isa taraha vikAsa kI itanI ati ho gaI hai ki mAnava mAtra yaMtravata banakara raha gayA hai| manuSya ko mAnava jIvana kI mahattA samajhAne evaM Atmika AnaMda se pUrita karane hetu saMskAra eka Avazyaka caraNa hai| ___ isa kRti ke mAdhyama se jaina samAja meM jaina paddhati pUrvaka janma, vivAha Adi saMskAra karane hetu zAstrokta dizA prApta ho, saMskAroM kI mUlyavattA punaH samAja meM anuprANita ho tathA sarvatra satsaMskAroM kI surabhi prasarita ho, inhIM bhAvoM ke sAtha SoDaza saMskAroM ke punarjAgaraNa kA eka laghu prayAsa kiyA hai|

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kRtajJatA jJApana jaganAtha jagadAnaMda jagagurU, arihaMta prabhu jaga hitakaraM diyA divya anubhava jJAna sukhakara, mAraga ahiMsA zreSThatam tuma nAma sumiraNa zAntidAyaka, vighna sarva vinAzakam ho vaMdanA nita vandanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 1 / / saMtApa hartA zAnti kartA, siddhacakra vandana sukhakaraM labdhivaMta gautama dhyAna se, vinaya ho vRddhikaraM datta - kuzala maNi- candra guruvara, sarva vAMchita ho vaMdanA nita vandanA, kRpA sindhu kArya pUrakam siddhikaram / / 2 / / jana jAgRti divya dUta hai, sUripada vali zobhitam sadjJAna mArga prazasta kara diyA zAstra cintana hitakaraM kailAza sUrivara gacchanAyaka, sadbodhabuddhi dAyakam ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 3 / / zruta sAdhanA kI saphalatA meM, jo kucha kiyA nisvArthatam AzISa vRSTi sneha dRSTi, dI preraNA nita bhavyatam sUri 'padma' 'kIrti' 'rAjayaza' kA, upakAra mujha para agaNitam / ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 4 / / jyotiSa vizArada yuga prabhAkara, upAdhyAya maNiprabha guruvaraM samAdhAna de saMzaya hare, mujha zodha mArga divAkaram sadbhAva jala se muni pIyUSa ne kiyA utsAha vardhanam ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 5 / / ullAsa UrjA nita bar3hAte, AtmIya 'prazAMta' gaNivaraM de prabodha mujhako dUra se, bhrAtA 'vimala' maMgalakaraM vidhi granthoM se avagata kiyA, yazadhArI 'ratna' munivaraM ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / 16 / /

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xiviii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hAtha jinakA thAmakara, kiyA saMyama mArga ArohaNam anusaraNa kara pAUM unakA, hai yahI mana vAMchitam sajjana kRpA se hota hai, duHsAdhya kArya zIghratam ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 7 / / kalpatarU sA sukha mile, zaraNAgati saukhyakaram tapa-jJAna rUci ke jAgaraNa meM, AdhAra haiM jinakA param mujha jIvana zilpI-dRr3ha saMkalpI, gurU 'zazi' zItala guNakaram ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 8 / / "priyadarzanA' satpreraNA se, kiyA * zodha kArya zataguNam guru bhaginI maMDala sahAya se, kArya siddhi zIghratam upakAra sumiraNa una sabhI kA, dharI bhAvanA vRddhikaraM ho vaMdanA nita vaMdanA, kRpA sindhu kArya siddhikaram / / 7 / / jina sthAnoM se praNayana kiyA, yaha zodha kArya mukhyatam pArzvanAtha vidyApITha (zAjApura, banArasa) kI, milI chatrachAyA sukhakaram jinaraMgasUri pauzAla (kolakAtA) hai, pUrNAhuti sAkSya jayakaraM ho vandanA nita vandanA, hai nagara kArya siddhikaram / / 10 / / sAdhu nahIM para sAdhakoM ke, Adarza mUrti uccatam zruta jJAnasAgara saMzaya nivAraka, AcaraNa samprerakam isa kRti ke uddhAra meM, nirdeza jinakA mukhyatam zAsana prabhAvaka sAgaramalajI, kiM karUM guNa gauravam / / 11 / / abodha hU~, alpajJa hU~, chadmastha hU~ karma AvRtam anumodanA. karuM una sabhI kI, trividha yoge arpitam jina vANI viparIta ho likhA, to kSamA ho mujha duSkRtam zruta sindhu meM arpita karUM, zodha manthana navanItam / / 12 / /

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micchAmi dukkaDaM Agama marmajJA, Azu kavayitrI, jaina jagata kI anupama sAdhikA, pravarttinI pada suzobhitA, kharataragaccha dIpikA pU. gurUvaryyA zrI sajjana zrIjI ma.sA. kI antaraMga kRpA se Aja choTe se lakSya ko pUrNa kara pAI hU~ / yahA~ zodha kArya ke praNayana ke daurAna upasthita hue kucha saMzaya yukta tathyoM kA samAdhAna karanA cAhU~gI sarvaprathama to muni jIvana kI autsargika maryAdAoM ke kAraNa jAnateajAnate kaI viSaya anachue raha gae haiN| upalabdha sAmagrI ke anusAra hI viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa ho pAyA hai ataH kahIM-kahIM sandarbhita viSaya meM apUrNatA bhI pratIta ho sakatI hai| dUsarA jaina saMpradAya meM sAdhvI varga ke lie kucha niyata maryAdAe~ haiM jaise pratiSThA, aMjanazalAkA, upasthApanA, padasthApanA Adi karavAne evaM Agama zAstroM ko par3hAne kA adhikAra sAdhvI samudAya ko nahIM hai| yogodvahana, upadhAna Adi kriyAoM kA adhikAra mAtra padasthApanA yogya muni bhagavaMtoM ko hI hai| ina paristhitiyoM meM prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki kyA eka sAdhvI anadhikRta evaM ananubhUta viSayoM para apanA cintana prastuta kara sakatI hai ? isake javAba meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' yaha zodha kA viSaya hone se yatkiMcita likhanA Avazyaka thA ataH guru AjJA pUrvaka vidvavara AcArya bhagavaMtoM se dizA nirdeza evaM samyaka jAnakArI prAptakara prAmANika ullekha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| tIsarA prAyazcitta dene kA adhikAra yadyapi gItArtha muni bhagavaMtoM ko hai kintu prAyazcita vidhi adhikAra meM jIta (pracalita) vyavahAra ke anusAra prAyazcitta yogya tapa kA varNana kiyA hai| isakA uddezya mAtra yahI hai ki bhavya jIva pApa bhIrU baneM evaM doSakArI kriyAoM se paricita hoveM / koI bhI AtmArthI ise dekhakara svayaM prAyazcitta grahaNa na kreN|

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I... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana isa zodha ke antargata kaI viSaya aise haiM jinake lie kSetra kI dUrI ke kAraNa yathocita jAnakArI evaM samAdhAna prApta nahIM ho pAe, ataH tadviSayaka pUrNa spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kara pAI hU~ / kucha logoM ke mana meM yaha zaMkA bhI utpanna ho sakatI hai ki mudrA vidhi ke adhikAra meM hindU, bauddha, nATya Adi mudrAoM para itanA gUr3ha adhyayana kyoM? mudrA eka yaugika prayoga hai| isakA sAmAnya hetu jo bhI ho paraMtu isakI anuzruti AdhyAtmika evaM zArIrika svasthatA ke rUpa meM hI hotI hai| prAyaH mudrAe~ mAnava ke dainika caryA se sambandhita hai| itara paramparAoM kA jaina paramparA ke sAtha pArasparika sAmya-vaiSamya bhI rahA hai ataH inake sadapakSoM ko ujAgara karane hetu anya mudrAoM para bhI gUr3ha anveSaNa kiyA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI kahanA cAhU~gI ki zodha viSaya kI virATatA, samaya kI pratibaddhatA, samucita sAdhanoM kI alpatA, sAdhu jIvana kI maryAdA, anubhava kI nyUnatA, vyAvahArika evaM sAmAnya jJAna kI kamI ke kAraNa sabhI viSayoM kA yathAyogya vizleSaNa nahIM bhI ho pAyA hai| hA~, vidhi-vidhAnoM ke aba taka aspRSTa pannoM ko kholane kA prayatna avazya kiyA hai| prajJA sampanna muni varga isake aneka rahasya paTaloM ko udghATita kara skeNge| yaha eka prAraMbha mAtra hai| antataH jinavANI kA vistAra karate hue evaM zodha viSaya kA anveSaNa karate hue alpamati ke kAraNa zAstra viruddha prarUpaNA kI ho, AcAryoM ke gUr3hArtha ko yathArUpa na samajhA ho, apane mata ko rakhate hue jAne-anajAne arhatavANI kA kaTAkSa kiyA ho, jinavANI kA apalApa kiyA ho, bhASA rUpa meM use samyaka abhivyakti na dI ho, anya kisI ke mata ko likhate hue usakA saMdarbha na diyA ho athavA anya kucha bhI jinAjJA viruddha kiyA ho yA likhA ho to usake lie trikaraNatriyogapUrkaka zruta rUpa jina dharma se micchAmi dukkar3am karatI huuN|

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viSayAnukramaNikA adhyAya-1 : saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA 1-45 * saMskAra zabda kI Arthika maulikatA * saMskAra kA pAribhASika svarUpa * saMskAra aura saMskRti kA tAtvika sambandha * saMskAroM ke mukhya prakAra * susaMskAroM kI upayogitA . vartamAna pariprekSya meM saMskAroM kI prAsaMgikatA * saMskAroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM rahe vaijJAnika tathya . mAnasika cikitsA draSTi se saMskAroM kA mUlya * saMskAroM ke mUlabhUta prayojana * vibhinna kSetroM meM saMskAroM kA mahattva . saMskAra AropaNa ke mArmika uddezya . saMskAra-AropaNa kI AvazyakatA kyoM * saMskAroM ke nAma evaM saMkhyA krama viSayaka pArasparika matabheda * jainAgamoM meM saMskAroM kI vikAsa yAtrA * saMdarbha-sUcI / adhyAya-2 : garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa 46-60 * garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA zAbdika artha * vividha pariprekSyoM meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI AvazyakatA * saMskAroM kA prArambha garbhAdhAna se kyoM? * garbhAdhAna saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI * garbhAdhAna saMskAra hetu zubha muhUrta vicAra * garbhAdhAna hetu kAla vicAra * garbhAdhAna saMskAra meM prayukta sAmagrI * garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi . garbhAdhAna saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prayojana . garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana * upasaMhAra * sNdrbh-suucii| adhyAya-3 : puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa 61-72 * * bhAratIya vAMgamaya meM puMsavana saMskAra kA artha * puMsavana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA vaidhAnika saMdarbho meM * zAstrIya dRSTi se puMsavana saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI * puMsavana saMskAra sambandhI muhUrta vicAra * puMsavana saMskAra hetu kAla vicAra * puMsavana saMskAra meM upayogI sAmagrI * puMsavana saMskAra meM apekSita sAvadhAniyA~ * puMsavana saMskAra kI upadiSTa vidhi * puMsavana saMskAra saMbaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke rahasyAtmaka prayojana * puMsavana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa * upasaMhAra * sNdrbh-suucii| HHHHHERTAL

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lii... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana adhyAya-4 : jAtakarma saMskAra vidhi kA pAramparika svarUpa 73-82 * jAtakarma saMskAra kA artha * jAtakarma saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kyoM? * jAtakarma saMskAra karane yogya adhikArI * jAtakarma saMskAra ke lie muhUrtavicAra * janma saMskAra kA kAla vicAra * bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNita janma saMskAra vidhi * vividha paramparAoM meM pracalita tulanAtmaka vivecana * upasaMhAra * saMdarbha suucii| adhyAya-5 : sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAcIna svarUpa 83-96 * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra ke vibhinna paryAya * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kI maulika AvazyakatA * niSkramaNa evaM sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kA udbhava evaM vikAsa * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra ke lie muhUrta vicAra * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kA kAla nirNaya * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra meM upayogI mukhya sAmagrI * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi kA sAhityika svarUpa * sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra sambandhI vidhividhAnoM ke prayojana * bahiryAna yA niSkramaNa saMskAra se hone vAle lAbha * sUrya-candra darzana kA saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka cintana * upasaMhAra * saMdarbha suucii| adhyAya-6 : kSIrAzana(dugdhapAna) saMskAra vidhi kA kriyAtmaka svarUpa 97-103 * kSIrAzana saMskAra kA zAbdika artha * kSIrAzana saMskAra kI naitika AvazyakatA* kSIrAzana saMskAra karavAne ke zAstra sammata adhikArI * kSIrAzana saMskAra ke lie zubha muhUrta vicAra * kSIrAzana saMskAra hetu upayukta kAla * kSIrAzana saMskAra meM prayukta sAmagrI * kSIrAzana saMskAra kI zAstrokta vidhi . kSIrAzana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana * upasaMhAra * sNdrbh-suucii| adhyAya-7 : SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA vyAvahArika svarUpa 104-111 * SaSThI saMskAra kA artha. SaSThI saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kyoM aura kaba se? . janma ke chaThaveM dina hI SaSThI saMskAra kyoM? . SaSThI saMskAra karavAne

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...lii kA adhikArI * SaSThI saMskAra ke lie muhUrtta vicAra * SaSThI saMskAra hetu zreSTha kAla * SaSThI saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI* vibhinna granthoM meM SaSThI saMskAra vidhi * SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa * upasaMhAra * sndrbhsuucii| adhyAya-8 : zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA aitihAsika svarUpa 112-120 * zucikarma saMskAra kA arthaparaka vizleSaNa * zucikarma saMskAra kI laukika AvazyakatA * zucikarma saMskAra karane ke zAstra nirdiSTa adhikArI * zucikarma saMskAra yogya muhUrta-vicAra * zucikarma saMskAra viSayaka kAla vimarza * zucikarma saMskAra saMpAdana meM upayogI sAmagrI * bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNita zucikarma saMskAra vidhi * tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zucikarma saMskAra kI mahattA * upasaMhAra sNdrbh-suucii| adhyAya-9 : nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa 121-134 . nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA vyApaka pAribhASika nirUpaNa . nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI traikAlika AvazyakatA * nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA prayojana * nAmakaraNa saMskAra karane kA adhikArI * nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke lie muhUrtAdi kA vicAra * nAmakaraNa saMskAra hetu varNita suyogya kAla * nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI * nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa * tulanAtmaka dRSTi se nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke vividha pakSa * upasaMhAra * sndrbhsuucii| adhyAya-10 : annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa 135-148 * annaprAzana saMskAra kA zAbdika artha * annaprAzana saMskAra kI maulika AvazyakatA * annaprAzana saMskAra karane kA prAthamika adhikArI * annaprAzana saMskAra sambandhI zubhamuhUrta viSayaka ullekha * annaprAzana saMskAra hetu upayukta kAla * annaprAzana saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI * bhAratIya sAhitya meM annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi * annaprAzana saMskAra ke sAragarbhita prayojana

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liv... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * annaprAzana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana * upasaMhAra * sandarbha - sUcI / adhyAya- 11 : karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tAttvika svarUpa 149-158 * karNavedha saMskAra kI artha yAtrA * karNavedha saMskAra kI vyAvahArika jagata meM AvazyakatA * karNavedha saMskAra karane kA mukhya adhikArI * karNavedha saMskAra ke lie zubha muhUrtta kA vicAra * karNavedha saMskAra hetu samucita kAla nirNaya * karNavedha saMskAra hetu nirdiSTa Avazyaka sAmagrI * karNavedha saMskAra vidhi zAstrakAroM ke mata meM * karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAparaka adhyayana * upasaMhAra * sandarbha - sUcI / adhyAya-12 : cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa 159-175 * cUr3akAraNa zabda kA artha vizleSaNa * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kI vaidhAnika AvazyakatA * zikhA yA coTI kA anubhUtiparaka mahattva * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke pAramparika adhikArI * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke lie zubhadina kA vicAra * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kA samaya * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke lie upayogI sAmagrI * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi zAstroM ke Aloka meM * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAMskRtika prayojana * cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana vidhi saMdarbhoM meM * upasaMhAra * sandarbha - sUcI / adhyAya- 13 : upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa 176-231 * upanayana saMskAra * upanayana saMskAra kA arthaparaka svarUpa vizleSaNa kI maulika AvazyakatA * upanayana saMskAra ke prayojana kA itihAsa * upanayana saMskAra ke uddezyoM evaM tatsambandhI matabheda * bhAratIya saMskRti aura upanayana saMskAra kI prAcInatA * upavIta kA svarUpa vizleSaNa 1. zvetAmbara paramparA meM jinopavIta kA svarUpa 2. digambara paramparA meM upavIta kA svarUpa 3. vaidika paramparA meM yajJopavIta kA svarUpa * upavIta dhAraNa karane ke kucha vidhi niyama * jinopavItadhArI ke lie AcaraNIya kRtya * kisa sthiti meM navIna upavIta dhAraNa kareM ? * upavIta dhAraNa kA sArvakAlika mAhAtmya

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jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ...IV * * yajJopavIta dhAraNa ke bAda ke niyama * jinopavItadhArI (vidyArthI) ke prakAra jinopavIta ke zAstrokta adhikArI * jinopavIta dhAraNa ke ayogya * upanayana saMskAra kA karttA kauna ? * upanayana saMskAra hetu zubhadina kA vicAra * upanayana saMskAra hetu zAstravarNita kAla * upanayana saMskAra meM prayukta Avazyaka sAmagrI * vividha paramparAoM meM upanayana saMskAra vidhi * upanayana saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sArabhUta prayojana * upanayana kI anivAryatA * upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * upasaMhAra * sandarbha - sUcI / adhyAya - 14 : vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa 232-247 * vidyArambha saMskAra kA abhiprAyArtha * vidyArambha saMskAra kI laukika AvazyakatA * vidyArambha saMskAra kA karttA kauna ? * vidyAraMbha saMskAra ke lie grAhya aura varjita nakSatra Adi kA vicAra * vidyArambha saMskAra hetu upayukta kAla * vidyArambha saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI * vidyAraMbha saMskAra kI prAcyakAlIna vidhi * vidyArambha saMskAra sambandhI kriyAkalApoM ke bahupakSIya prayojana vidyArambha saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana * upasaMhAra sndrbh-suucii| * adhyAya - 15 : vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa * 248-302 * vivAha zabda kA pAribhASika artha * vividha saMskRtiyoM meM vivAha ? vivAha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA vibhinna saMdarbhoM meM * vivAha saMskAra kI prAcInatA * * vivAha saMskAra kA mUlabhUta uddezya * vibhinna apekSAoM se vivAha saMskAra kA mahattva * vivAha kisake sAtha ho ? * vivAha kI yogyatA ko jAnane ke mApadaMDa * vivAha ke mukhya prakAra * vivAha ke anya prakAra * vivAha saMskAra karane kA adhikArI kauna ? * vivAha saMskAra ke lie zubha dina kA vicAra * vivAha saMskAra hetu yogya Ayu vicAra * vivAha saMskAra meM prayukta sAmagrI * vibhinna saMskRtiyoM meM vivAha saMskAra vidhi * vivAha saMskAra sambandhI kriyAkalApoM ke bahupakSIya prayojana * vara ke sAta vacana * kanyA ke sAta vacana * vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka - vivecana * upasaMhAra * sandarbha-sUcI /

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Ivi... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana adhyAya : 16 vratAropaNa saMskAra vidhi kA sAMketika svarUpa 303-304 adhyAya : 17 antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa 305-330 antya saMskAra kA zAbdika artha * AdhyAtmika dRSTi se antya saMskAra kI AvazyakatA * antya saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI kauna ? * antya saMskAra ke lie muhUrta vicAra * preta kriyA sambandhI vicAra * putalA nirmANa sambandhI vidhi * sUtaka kAla kaba aura kyoM ? * antima ArAdhanA vidhi * antima saMskAra kI pracalita vidhi * vaidika paramparAgata antya saMskAra vidhi kA mRtyu sambandhI vidhiyA~ * vaidika mAnya maraNottarakAlIna vidhiyA~ * antya saMskAra saMbaMdhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prayojana * antya saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * upasaMhAra * sandarbha - sUcI / sahAyaka grantha sUcI 331-334

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adhyAya saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMskAroM kI eka sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai| saMskAroM kI yaha praNAlI ati prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| sahI arthoM meM mAnava kalyANa kI bhAvanA se jitane bhI Ayojana evaM anuSThAna kiye jAte hai, unameM sabase mahattvapUrNa paramparA saMskAroM kA pAlana evaM parvoM kA Ayojana hai / saMskAra kriyA aura dharma anuSThAnoM ke dvArA vyakti evaM parivAra ko tathA parva-tyauhAroM ke mAdhyama se samAja ko prazikSita kiyA jAtA hai| - 1 sAmAnyatayA hama anubhava karate haiM ki svAdhyAya, satsaMga, prazikSaNa, cintana, samyaka vicAra Adi kA prabhAva manuSya kI manobhUmi para par3atA hai aura unase vyakti ke bhAvanA stara ko vikasita karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| mAnava cetanA ko ucca prayojana ke lie ullasita evaM vairAgyavAsita banAne ke kucha manovaijJAnika sAdhana hote haiM aura unakA mahattva svAdhyAya, satsaMga, sAmAyika, pratikramaNa, japa Adi kI tulanA meM kisI bhI prakAra se kama nahIM hai| vyaktitva nirmANa ke ina sAdhanoM ko hI 'saMskAra' kahA jA sakatA hai| saMskAra ve upacAra haiM, jinake mAdhyama se manuSya ko susaMskRta evaM sabhya banAyA jAtA hai| jo vyakti susaMskArita hotA hai, usakA jIvana sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM pArivArika kSetra meM sva-para ke lie bahu upayogI banatA hai| astu, saMskAra jIvana nirmANa kI adbhuta kalA hai / saMskAra zabda kI Arthika maulikatA 'saMskAra' zabda kI utpatti 'sam' upasarga pUrvaka, 'kR' dhAtu se bhAva aura karaNa meM 'ghaJ' pratyaya ke yoga se, bhUSaNa artha meM 'suT' kA Agama karane para huI hai| saMskAra zabda kA prayoga kaI arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| saMskAra kA sAmAnya artha hai - pUrNa karanA, saMskArita karanA, mAMjanA / 1 kauSItaki 2, chAndogya' aura

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2... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bRhadAraNyaka' upaniSadoM ne isakA prayoga (saMskaroti) unnati karane ke artha meM kiyA hai| maharSi pANini ne isa zabda kA prayoga tIna vibhinna arthoM meM kiyA hai1. utkarSa karane vAlA (utkarSa sAdhanaM saMskAra:) 2. samavAya athavA saMghAta aura 3. AbhUSaNa brAhmaNa aura sUtra granthakAroM ne 'saMskAra' zabda kA vyavahAra yajJa kI sAmagriyoM ko pavitra karane ke artha meM kiyA hai| bauddha tripiTakoM meM nirmANa, AbhUSaNa, samavAya, prakRti, karma aura skandha ke artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| bauddha darzana ne saMskAra ko bhava cakra kI bAraha zrRMkhalAoM meM se eka mAnA hai| hindU darzana meM isakA prayoga kucha bhinna artha meM prApta hotA hai / yahA~ saMskAra kA artha bhogya padArthoM ke anubhUti kI chApa hai / hamAre avyakta mana para jitane anubhavoM kI chApa hai, anukUla avasara pAne para una sabakA punarAvartana hotA hai, isa artha meM saMskAra 'vAsanA' kA paryAyavAcI hai| vaizeSikoM ne caubIsa guNoM meM se isako eka mAnA hai / hindI koza ke anusAra saMskAra ke nimna artha ghaTita hote haiM- zuddhi, pariSkAra, sudhAra, mana, rUci, unnata kArya, manovRtti yA svabhAva kA zodhana, pUrvajanma kI vAsanA yA pUrvajanma kI kula maryAdA, zikSA, sabhyatA Adi kA mana para par3ane vAlA prbhaav| saMskRta sAhitya meM 'saMskAra' zabda vyApaka artha meM vyavahRta huA haizikSA, saMskRti, prazikSaNa, saujanya, pUrNatA, vyAkaraNa sambandhI zuddhi, saMskaraNa, pariSkaraNa, zobhA, AbhUSaNa 10, prabhAva, svarUpa, svabhAva, kriyA, chApa, smaraNa zakti, smaraNa zakti para par3ane vAlA prabhAva 11, zuddhi kriyA, dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna'2, abhiSeka, vicAra, bhAvanA, dhAraNA, kArya kA pariNAma, puNya aadi| zAstrakAroM ne mAnava jIvana ko pavitra aura utkRSTa banAne ke lie samayasamaya para hone vAle SoDaza dhArmika kRtyoM ko saMskAra mAnA hai / prAya: isI artha meM 'saMskAra' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| medinIkoza ke anusAra 'saMskAra' zabda kA artha hai- prayatna, anubhava athavA mAnasa karma / nyAya zAstra ke matAnusAra guNa vizeSa kA nAma saMskAra hai, jo tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - vegAkhya saMskAra, sthiti sthApaka saMskAra aura bhAvanAkhyasa saMskAra / kAzikAvRtti ke

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...3 anusAra utkarSa ke AdhAna ko saMskAra kahate haiM-'utkarSAdhAnaM sNskaarH|' saMskAra prakAza ke anusAra atizaya guNa ko saMskAra kahA jAtA hai-'atizayavizeSa: sNskaar:|13 koza granthoM meM isakA artha zuddha kiyA huA, parimArjita kiyA huA, pariSkRta kiyA huA, sudhArA huA, saMvArA huA Adi kiyA hai| aMgrejI meM isake lie 'seremaeNni' arthAta dharmAnuSThAna evaM 'ekrAmeNTa' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai, parantu ye zabda bhAratIya saMskRti meM vyavahata 'saMskAra' zabda ke vyApaka artha ko spaSTa nahIM kara pAte haiN| bhAratIya paramparA meM saMskAra kA artha vyakti ke zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika evaM Atmika pariSkAra hetu kie jAne vAle anuSThAnoM se saMbaMdhita hai| isa prakAra saMskAra zabda ke aneka artha mAlUma hote haiN| yahA~ 'saMskAra' zabda se hamArA tAtparya-vyakti ke daihika, mAnasika aura bauddhika pariSkAra ke lie kie jAne vAle dhArmika anuSThAnoM evaM kriyAkalApoM se hai| saMskAra kA pAribhASika svarUpa jIvana meM saMskAroM kA bar3A mahattva hai| ve manuSya kI zArIrika evaM mAnasika sthiti ke dyotaka haiN| saMskAroM ke kAraNa manuSya ko yogya evaM ucita pratiSThA prApta hotI hai| saMskAramaya jIvana AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI dRr3ha bhUmikA hai| saMskAroM dvArA AdhyAtmika jIvana kA kramaza: vikAsa hotA hai| bhAratIya vicArakoM ne saMskAra kI vibhinna paribhASAe~ batAI haiM- sAmAnyata: jisa kriyA ke yoga se manuSya meM sadguNoM kA vikAsa evaM saMvardhana hotA hai, usa kriyA ko saMskAra kahate haiN| saMskAra eka mUlyavarddhaka prakriyA hai| * AcArya devendramuni ke anusAra jisase padArtha evaM vyakti kisI kArya ke lie yogya hotA hai, vaha saMskAra hai|14 saMskAra ve kriyAe~ aura rItiyA~ haiM, jo viziSTa yogyatA pradAna karatI haiN| * mImAMsA darzana ne yajJIya puroDAza Adi kI vidhivata zuddhi karane ko saMskAra kahA hai- "prokSaNAdijanya saMskAro yajJAMga puroddaashessu|" * advaita vedAnta ke anusAra jIva para zArIrika kriyAoM kA mithyA Aropa karanA saMskAra hai- "snAnAcamanAdijanyAH saMskAro dehe utpadyamAnAni tadabhidhAnAni jIve kljynte|" * nyAya darzana ke anusAra bhAvoM ko vyakta karane kI AtmavyaMjaka zakti

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4...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMskAra hai| * vIramitrodaya saMskAra prakAza ke anusAra saMskAra kA artha haiparizuddhi yA sphaaii| athavA "Atma zarIrAnyataraniSTho vihitakriyA janyoghatizayavizeSa: sNskaarH|" arthAta pA~ca karmendriyoM aura pA~ca jJAnendriyoM sahita zarIratattva aura manastattva ke sAtha jIvAtmatattva kI parizuddhi jisa kriyAkalApa se sampanna ho, use saMskAra kahate haiN|15 . vIramitrodaya meM saMskAra ko vizleSita karate hue kahA hai16- yaha eka vilakSaNa yogyatA hai, jo zAstra vihita kriyAoM ke karane se utpanna hotI hai| vaha yogyatA do prakAra kI hai- 1. jisake dvArA vyakti anya kriyAoM ke yogya ho jAtA hai jaise- upanayana saMskAra se vedArambha hotA hai tathA 2. doSa se mukta ho jAtA hai jaise- jAtakarma saMskAra se vIrya evaM garbhAzaya kA doSa mocana hotA hai| * AcArya caraka kahate haiM17-"saMskAro hi guNAntarAdhAnamucyate" arthAta vastu ke durguNoM kA parihAra tathA guNoM kA parivartana karake bhinna evaM nae guNoM kA AdhAna karane kA nAma saMskAra hai| isake atirikta nirguNI ko guNa yukta banAnA, vikAroM evaM azuddhiyoM kA nivAraNa karanA tathA mUlyavAna guNoM ko sampreSita athavA saMkramita karanA saMskAroM kA kArya hai| isakA dUsarA paryAya nAma 'karaNa' hai| . carakasaMhitA meM ullekha hai-"karaNaM hi nAma svAbhAvikAnAm dravyANAmabhi saMskAraH' arthAta svAbhAvika dravyoM kA abhisaMskAra karanA karaNa hai jaise-dhAna yA cAvala ko susaMskArita karake supAcya khIla yA paramala banAnA athavA dUdha se dahI aura dahI se ghI kA nirmANa karanA abhisaMskAra hai| isa taraha vastu ke guNoM meM AmUlacUla parivartana kara denA abhisaMskAra yA karaNa kahalAtA hai| vastuta: saMskAra hI vaha prakriyA hai, jo vastu ke andara nae guNa utpanna kara sakatI hai| * maharSi zabara ke matAnusAra "saMskAro nAma sa bhavati yasminjAte padArtho bhavati yogya: kasyacidarthasya' arthAta saMskAra vaha hai, jisake hone se koI padArtha yA vyakti kisI kArya ke yogya ho jAtA hai athavA saMskAra dvArA manuSya kisI uddezya vizeSa ke upayukta banatA hai| mAnava jIvana kA sarvocca uddezya mokSa prApti hai ata: mokSa upalabdhi ke yogya jIvana kA nirmANa karanA saMskAra hai|18

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA... 5 * AdyazaMkarAcArya likhate haiM- "saMskAro hi nAma saMskAryasya guNAdyAnena vA syAdyoSApa nayanena vA" arthAta jisa vyakti kA saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, usameM guNoM kA AropaNa karane ke lie athavA usake doSoM kA parimArjana karane ke lie viziSTa karma karanA saMskAra hai| 19 * aMgirA gautamadharmasUtra ke ullekhAnusAra jisase doSa haTate haiM aura guNoM kA utkarSa hotA hai, vaha saMskAra hai| * manu kA kathana hai - jo zarIra ko zuddha karake use Atma nivAsa ke upayukta banAte haiM, ve saMskAra kahalAte haiN| 20 ke anusAra 'jisa prakAra aneka raMgoM se citrakAra citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra vidhi pUrvaka kie gae saMskAroM dvArA brAhmaNya (brAhmaNatva yA brahmatva) sampAdita hotA hai| saMskAra kA artha dhArmika anuSThAna bhI hotA hai, jise hindU paramparA meM 'yajJa' kahA hai| * kAlikApurANa ke anusAra yaha sampUrNa saMsAra yajJamaya hai- "sarvayajJamayaM jgt"| isa jagata meM hone vAle samasta karma yajJamaya haiM, jo sadA-sarvadA sanAtana rUpa se yatra-tatra sarvatra hote rahate haiM jaise - devapUjA, atithisatkAra, vrata, tapa, japa, svAdhyAya, khAna-pAna Adi nityakarma tathA upanayana, vivAha Adi naimittika karma evaM putreSTi, rAjya prApti Adi kAmyakarma / ye sabhI vyavahAra yajJa svarUpa hI haiM ata: una sabhI saMskAroM kA anuSThAna savidhi aura saniyama karanA cAhie, tabhI ve kalyANadAyI hote haiN| 21 * manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to saMskAra mana meM prasthApita Adarza haiM, jo jIvana vyavahAra ke niyAmaka aura preraka hote haiN| manuSya apane jIvana meM sat-asat kA nirNaya ina AdarzoM ke AdhAra para hI karatA hai| manuSya meM mAnavocita guNa karma evaM svabhAva kI preraNA inhIM saMskAroM kI dena hai| yadi cAritra vRkSa hai, to saMskAra usakA bIja hai| avacetana mana saMskAra nAmaka isa bIja kA kSetra hai aura anukUla pariveza usakA havA - pAnI - dhUpa hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki avacetana mana meM pratiSThita saMkalpa kA nAma hI saMskAra hai| isa saMkalpa meM aparimita sambhAvanAe~ nihita hotI haiN| ye saMkalpa itane zaktizAlI hote haiM ki ve kevala eka janma meM hI nahIM, janmAntara meM bhI gatizIla hote haiN| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra aneka raMgoM kA ucita upayoga karane para citra meM sundaratA evaM vAstavikatA A jAtI hai, usI prakAra

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6...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zAstropadiSTa saMskAra karane se vyakti ke mana meM sAtvikatA evaM sarvajanapriyatA kA bhAva prasphuTita hotA hai tathA usako vAstavika sukha zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai| saMskAra avacetana mana kA udAttIkaraNa karate haiM tathA karmazuddhi, bhAvazuddhi aura vicArazuddhi ke sAtha-sAtha abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa ke hetu hote haiN| yaha jJAtavya hai ki saMskAra jitanI alpa Aya meM yA jitanA jaldI nizcita samaya para kie jA sakeM, utane hI saphala hote haiN| zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai-"yannave bhAjane lagna: saMskAro nAnyathA bhavet' arthAta jisa prakAra nae pAtra meM kiyA gayA saMskAra phira nahIM badalatA, usI prakAra kAya saMracanA ke samaya kiyA gayA saMskAra sthAyI rahatA hai, parantu Ajakala saMskAra prayoga kI paddhati dhIre-dhIre baMda hotI jA rahI hai| sAmAnyatayA manuSya jIvana meM do prakAra se parivartana hote haiM-eka paristhiti ke AdhAra para aura dUsarA manuSyoM ke apane puruSArtha ke AdhAra pr| unameM jIvana ko TikAe rakhane hetu paristhiti ke anurUpa parivartana prANImAtra ke jIvana meM hote rahate haiN| manuSya eka prANI hai, ata: usake jIvana meM paristhiti ke anakala parivartanoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai, kintu paristhiti ke AdhAra para hone vAle parivartana saMskAra nahIM kahalAte haiN| jaba manuSya soca-samajha ke sAtha mana, buddhi, cetanA Adi kA vikAsa karatA hai to vaha vikAsa hI saMskAra kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai, ataeva zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika evaM caitasika vikAsa rUpa parivartana 'saMskAra' hai| svarUpataH manuSya mAtA ke garbha se zizu ke rUpa meM jaba janma letA hai, taba vaha apane sAtha do prakAra ke saMskAroM ko lekara AtA hai| pahale prakAra ke saMskAra ve haiM, jo vaha janma-janmAtaroM se apane sAtha lekara AtA hai aura dUsare prakAra ke saMskAra ve haiM, jinheM vaha vaMzAnukrama se apane mAtA-pitA dvArA prApta karatA hai| ye saMskAra acche aura bure donoM ho sakate haiN| isa taraha eka vyakti ke saMskAra kevala usa jIvana se hI sambandhita nahIM hote haiM, varana usake kuTumba evaM kulagata saMskAroM kA bhI usa para amiTa prabhAva par3atA hai, jise hama kula paramparA yA kula-saMskAra kahate haiN| ina saMskAroM ke anurUpa hI manuSya kA cAritra banatA hai aura vicAroM ke anurUpa saMskAra banate haiN| susaMskArI banane ke lie vicAroM meM parivartana lAyA jAnA atyAvazyaka hai| jaba taka vicAra saMskAra nahIM bana

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA ... 7 jAte, taba taka mAnava vRttiyoM meM parivartana nahIM lAyA jA sakatA, isalie vicAroM kA samyaka parivartana hI saMskAra hai| yahA~ yaha samajha lenA bhI jarUrI hai ki jahA~ vicAra parivartita hokara saMskAra banate haiM, vahIM saccAritra kA nirmANa hotA hai tathA cAritra vaha dhurI hai, jisa para manuSya kA jIvana sukha-zAnti aura mAna-sammAna kI dizA meM gatimAna hotA hai / isa taraha mAnava jIvana ko pavitra evaM utkRSTa banAne vAlI AdhyAtmika kriyA kA nAma 'saMskAra' hai| saMskAra aura saMskRti kA tAttvika sambandha sam+kR+ghaJ ke saMyoga se saMskAra zabda nirmita hotA hai aura sam +kR+kta se saMskRta zabda kA nirmANa hotA hai| saMskAra aura saMskRta meM pratyaya mAtra kA antara hai| 'kta' pratyaya lagane se saMskRta evaM 'ghaJ' pratyaya lagane se saMskAra zabda banatA hai| yadyapi saMskRti aura saMskAra paryAyavAcaka zabda haiN| ye donoM hI pariSkRta, abhimantrita, pavitrIkRta Adi arthoM ke ghotaka haiM, phira bhI donoM bhinnArthaka haiN| vedAcArya zazinAtha jhA ke anusAra abhyudayamUlaka uttama karma saMskRti hai aura sat-asatkarmamUlaka utpanna manovRtti yA AtmavRtti saMskAra hai jaise- saMskAraka dravya dvArA hIrA, maNi Adi ratnoM meM camaka yA zobhA paidA kI jAtI hai, usI taraha sat-saMskAra dvArA antarAtmA meM zobhA yA antasteja abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai122 darzana zAstra ke anusAra saMskAra rUpI bIja ke anurUpa karma rUpI vRkSa utpanna hote haiM aura tadanurUpa phala bhI dete haiN| ve phala Anandamaya aura duHkhamaya donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| hamAre pUrva janmoM ke saMskAra jaise hote haiM, usI taraha ke hamAre karma banate haiN| sat saMskAra kA phala hai satkarma aura asat saMskAra kA phala hai astkrm| isa taraha saMskRti aura saMskAra bhinna-bhinna artha ke bodhaka haiN| DaoN. jitendrakumAra ke matAnusAra vyakti meM jo kArya saMskAra kA hai, samAja meM vahI kArya saMskRti kA hai| 23 saMskAra vyaSTi ko sudhArate haiM, to saMskRti samaSTi ko sudhAratI hai / pazu se mAnava banAne kA kArya saMskAra karate haiM aura samUha se samAja meM parivartita karane kA kArya saMskRti karatI hai| saMskRti samaSTi meM pariSkAra karatI hai tathA saMskAra vyaSTi meN| binA vyaSTi ke samaSTi saMbhava nahIM, isalie saMskAroM ke abhAva meM saMskRti kA sthAna aura AdhAra bhI kucha nahIM ho

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8...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sakatA, ata: saMskRti ko jIvita rakhane ke lie saMskAroM kI aparihArya rUpa se AvazyakatA hai| saMskAra, saMskRti ke AdhArabhUta kendra, udgama sthala yA mUla srota haiN| dArzanika bhASA meM inakA sambandha anvaya aura vyatireka kA sambandha hai| jisake hone para jo ho, vaha anvaya aura jisake na rahane para jo na rahe, vaha vyatireka sambandha kahalAtA hai| saMskAroM ke rahane para saMskRti rahegI aura saMskAroM ke nahIM rahane para saMskRti bhI nahIM rahegI, yaha sunizcita satya hai ata: saMskAra nIMva ke patthara haiM, jinakI AdhArazilA para saMskRti kA vizAla bhavana khar3A kiyA jAtA hai| saMskRti kA astitva saMskAroM se anuprANita hai| saMskAroM ke mukhya prakAra sAmAnyata: saMskAroM kI prakriyA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka bAhya svarUpa, jo mantroccAraNa, yajJAnuSThAna Adi karmakANDoM ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai, dUsarA AbhyaMtara svarUpa, jo samyaka prazikSaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| jo loga kriyAkANDoM ke prati kama vizvAsa rakhate haiM, unake lie yaha jAnane jaisA tathya hai ki jisa prakAra tIvra auSadhiyA~ zarIra para tatkAla prabhAva karatI haiM, usI prakAra ina karmakANDoM kA bhI sunizcita prabhAva hotA hai| yadi ucita samaya aura ucita vAtAvaraNa meM ye saMskAra samyaka vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka sampanna kie jAeM to ni:sandeha unakA prabhAva asAdhAraNa hI hogaa| jaise ki kisI bAlaka kA annaprAzana saMskAra ThIka prakAra se huA ho, vaha udara vikAroM se mukta rahegA, jisakA vidyArambha saMskAra vidhivata kiyA gayA ho, usakA vivecana rUkegA nahIM, jisakA upanayana saMskAra suvidhi pUrvaka sampanna huA ho, vaha AjIvana mAnava dharma kA anuyAyI banA rahegA, jina vara-vadhU kA vivAha saMskAra ucita rIti ke sAtha sampanna kiyA gayA ho, unake jIvana meM pArasparika prema evaM sadbhAva kI gaMgA avicchinna rUpa se bahatI rhegii| isI prakAra anya saMskAroM ke sambandha meM bhI aise hI pariNAmoM kI saMbhAvanA mAnI jAtI hai| hara saMskAra kA apanA mahattva, prabhAva aura pariNAma hotA hai| saMskAra sambandhI jo bhI kriyAkalApa pracalita rahe haiM, unheM vartamAna meM adhUre, laMgar3e aura TAlane jaise vAtAvaraNa meM sampanna kiyA jA rahA hai, phalasvarUpa unakA prabhAva bhI nagaNya hI hotA hai| hindU paramparA meM Aja bhI saMskAroM kA pracalana yathAvat hai,

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...9 kintu jaina dharma meM do-tIna ko chor3akara zeSa saMskAroM kI prakriyA vidhi vilupta sI ho gaI hai| unameM bhI digambara paramparA meM saMskAroM kA astitva apekSAkRta sahI hai, para zvetAmbara paramparA meM to saMskAroM kA astitva samApta prAya: hai| yadyapi vratAropaNa saMskAra Aja bhI maujUda hai| yadi hameM sahI vyaktitva kA nirmANa karate hue AcAra-vicAra kI bhUmikA ko pavitra banAe rakhanA hai to apanI mahAna saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra saMskAroM kI prakriyA ko puna: sajIva karanA hogaa| isI ke sAtha tadyogya vidhi vidhAnoM ko mAtra paramparA nirvAha hetu sampanna na karake pUrNa utsAha, zraddhA evaM tatparatA ke sAtha sampAdita karane kI ora dhyAna denA hogaa| hamArA jitanA adhika dhyAna saMskAroM ko sahI tarIke se sampanna karane kI ora hogA, usake utane hI behatara pariNAma utpanna hoNge| __vyakti, parivAra, samAja, saMgha evaM rASTra ko naitika evaM sadAcAramaya banAne ke lie hameM ve upAya karane hoMge, jinase pratyeka parivAra meM saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa ho ske| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba hama unakA mahattva smjheN| paramArthataH hamAre jIvana meM bhojana, vastra, zikSA, cikitsA Adi kA jitanA mahattva hai, usase kaI gunA adhika saMskAroM kA mUlya hai| saMskArahIna vyakti ke lie paisA, dhana, samRddhi, parivAra, makAna Adi bhautika vastue~ koI mahattva nahIM rakhatIM, yaha anubhUtiparaka satya hai| ata: saMskAroM kI donoM prakriyAoM ko suvidhi pUrvaka evaM suvyavasthita rUpa se sampanna karanA caahie|24 susaMskAroM kI upayogitA saMsAra meM sabhI loga sundara dikhanA cAhate haiM, koI bhI yaha nahIM cAhatA ki vaha asundara tathA kurUpa dikhAI de| apanI sundaratA ko banAe rakhane evaM prakaTa karane ke lie loga saundarya prasAdhanoM para prativarSa lAkhoM-karor3oM rUpaye kharca kara rahe haiN| prasAdhana sAmagrI kI bar3I-bar3I phaikTariyA~ dina-rAta kAma kara rahI haiN| loga sundara dikhane ke lie taraha-taraha ke veza vinyAsa aura phaizanoM ko apanA rahe haiM, kintu prasAdhanoM kA upayoga karane ke bAvajUda bhI vAstavika suMdaratA prakaTa nahIM hotii| nita nae saundarya prasAdhanoM kA bar3hanA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki saMsAra kI prAkRtika, svAbhAvika athavA vAstavika sundaratA kA hAsa ho rahA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki loga sundaratA ke yathArtha ko bhUlate jA rahe haiN| unheM yaha

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10... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana dhyAna nahIM raha gayA hai ki sundaratA kA nivAsa manuSya ke andara hai, bAjAroM meM bikane vAle zrRMgAra sAdhanoM meM nhiiN| yadi sundaratA kA nivAsa prasAdhanoM yA zrRMgAroM meM hotA, to hara manuSya sundara dikhatA, jo inakA prayoga karatA hai aura hara vaha strI-puruSa kurUpa dikhate jo inakA upayoga nahIM karate, parantu aisA nahIM hai| grAmINa ilAkoM ke svaccha vAtAvaraNa meM palane vAlI nAriyA~ kaI bAra prasAdhana sAmagrI kA upayoga karane vAlI striyoM se aneka gunA sundara dikhAI par3atI haiN| vastutaH kRtrima prasAdhanoM se nikharane vAlI sundaratA kSaNika hotI hai, jabaki svAbhAvika sundaratA TikAU hotI hai, manuSya kI bAta to rahane deM, pazu-pakSI jagata ko hI dekha leM to kaI pazu-pakSI itane sundara hote haiM ki unakI chavi avarNanIya hotI haiM, jabaki unake pAsa na to koI prasAdhana hotA hai aura na zrRMgAra sAmagrI hii| una jIvoM kI sundaratA svAbhAvika hotI hai| isakA artha yahI hai ki sundaratA kA AdhAra prasAdhana yA zrRMgAra nahIM hai, apitu svAbhAvika prakRti hai| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki sundaratA Izvara pradatta vastu hai, jise mila jAtI hai, vaha sundara dikhatA hai| kucha loga gorI camar3I aura acche nAka-nakze ko sundaratA mAna lete haiM, jabaki sundaratA kA sambandha kevala raMga aura nAka-nakze se nahIM haiN| yadi sundaratA - asundaratA kA AdhAra raMga yA sahI banAvaTa hI hotA, to hara kAlA vyakti kurUpa dikhatA, jabaki kAle loga bhI kaI bAra atyaMta sundara dikhate haiN| bhagavAna rAma aura kRSNa kAle the, kintu isake bAbajUda bhI ve itane sundara the ki unakI sundaratA kA guNagAna Aja taka kiyA jA rahA hai / isase siddha hotA hai ki sundaratA kA mUla AdhAra vyakti kA Antarika sauMdarya hai| yaha bhI dekhA gayA hai ki kaI loga gauravarNIya tathA acche nAka-nakze vAle hote haiM, phira bhI mana unakI ora AkarSita nahIM hotA, bahuta bAra unase arUci aura ghRNA taka hone lagatI hai| isakA yahI artha hai ki sundaratA kA nivAsa sirpha varNa yA banAvaTa meM nahIM hai / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki aneka santa, mahAtmA aise hue haiM, jo kurUpa ' hone para bhI logoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karate the| unake pAsa se haTane kI icchA taka nahIM hotI thI / aSTAvakra RSi ATha jagaha se kUbar3e the aura atyanta kurUpa the| cANakya kI kurUpatA jaga prasiddha hai| kArlamArksa,

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...11 TAlasTAya, abrAhama liMkana Adi saMsAra ke kurUpa vyaktiyoM meM mAne jAte haiN| yUnAna ke sukarAta bhI kurUpa the, para unakA vyaktitva itanA AkarSaka thA ki loga mugdha ho jAte the| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki sundaratA kA mApadaNDa raMga aura nAka-nakzA hI nahIM hotaa| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki sundaratA na Izvara pradatta prasAda hai aura na hI isakA AMkalana raMga athavA nAka-nakze se hotA hai, isakA rahasya AMtarika sauMdarya se hai| sundaratA kA rahasya vastuta: manuSya ke saMskAroM meM chipA hai| zarIra aura mana kA nirvikAra honA, svabhAva kA madhura honA, kArya ko sphUrti pUrvaka karanA, phUla kI bhA~ti sadA prasanna, khilA huA rakhanA sundaratA hai, jo anAyAsa hI dUsaroM ko apanI ora AkarSita kara letI hai| yaha sundaratA kA bAhya mApadaNDa hai| Antarika dharAtala para dekheM, to jo loga paropakAra, paramArtha aura para sevA meM lage rahate haiM, kisI kA bhI sahayoga karane meM tatpara rahate haiM, protsAhana aura AzvAsana denA jinakA svabhAva hotA hai tathA jinakA hRdaya nirmala, nirvikAra, nizchala, niSkapaTa hotA hai, ve hI yathArtha rUpa meM sundara hote haiN| aisI sundaratA unake bAhya vyaktitva meM bhI camatkAra utpanna kara detI hai| ___ sundaratA saMskAroM ke pariNAma svarUpa nikharatI hai| yadi saMskAroM kA Aropa vidhivata evaM samucita rUpa se kiyA jAe to vyakti kA Antarika vikAsa uttuMga zikharoM ko chUne lagatA hai, usase vyakti kI daihika dazA meM hI parivartana nahIM AtA, apit mana, jIvana evaM vicAroM kI dazA meM bhI AmUlacUla parivartana hone lagatA hai| yahI saMskAroM kA lAbha hai| vastuta: saMskAra mAnava jIvana kA pariSkAra karate haiM, caitasika zuddhi meM sahAyaka banate haiM, vyaktitva vikAsa karate haiM, manuSya deha ko pavitratA ke guNoM se vAsita karate hai, sAMsArika jaTilatAoM aura samasyAoM kA nivAraNa karate haiM, aneka sAmAjika samasyAoM kA bhI samAdhAna karate haiN| jaise ki garbhAdhAna evaM janma ke pUrva taka ke saMskAra yauna aura prajanana sambandhI samasyAoM ko dUra karate hai, vidyArambha tathA upanayana se samAvartana paryanta saMskAra zikSA kI dRSTi se lAbhakArI hai, vivAha saMskAra atyAcArI evaM maryAdAhIna pravRttiyoM para aMkuza lagAtA hai| yaha saMskAroM kI pratyakSa upayogitA hai| isI AdhAra para kaha sakate haiM ki jIvana unnayana evaM cAritra nirmANa meM saMskAroM kI bahuta bar3I bhUmikA hotI hai|

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12... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yadi hameM vAstavika sundaratA ko prApta karanA hai, to saMskAravAna bananA hogaa| apane mana evaM mastiSka ko bure vicAroM, dUSita bhAvanAoM se mukta rakhanA hogA tathA unake sthAna para daivIyabhAvoM kA pratiSThApana karanA hogA / susaMskAritA na kevala vyaktitva meM cAra cA~da lagAtI hai, varana manuSya ko nara se nArAyaNa banAne evaM mahAnatA arjita karane meM bhI sahAyaka hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMskAroM para sarvAdhika jora diyA gayA hai| bhAratIya RSisantoM ne anagar3ha vyaktitva ko sugar3ha banAne ke lakSya se hI saMskAroM kA vyavasthApana kiyA hai| solaha saMskAroM ke sRjana kA mUla prayojana thA mAnavI cetanA para sUkSma vidhi se una AdarzoM kI pratiSThApanA karanA, jinake dvArA vyaktitva pariSkRta evaM zreSTha bana jAe yaha prakriyA pUrNatayA vaijJAnika hai / prAcIna yuga se vyakti aura samAja ko zreSTha evaM zAlIna banAne meM saMskAroM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM saMskAroM kI prAsaMgikatA satsaMskAroM kI AvazyakatA sArvakAlika rahI hai| vartamAna meM bhI aise AdhAra DhUMDhe jA rahe haiM, jo vyakti ko zAlIna evaM susabhya banAte hoN| ziSTAcAra sikhAne ke lie eTIkeTsa vidyAlaya khole jA rahe hai / saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa karane ke lie bahuta se prayAsa jArI haiN| ye sabhI prayAsa isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki saMskAroM kI AvazyakatA ina dinoM bhI pUrvakAla kI taraha hI anubhava kI jA rahI hai| zrIrAmazarmA AcArya ke anusAra iTalI ke meMDale nAmaka vidvAna ne saMskAra kriyA para AdhArita eka zAstra kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jise yUjeniksa kahA gayA hai| hindI meM ise 'susantAna abhijanana zAstra' kahate haiN| meMDale ke kAryoM se preraNA lekara isa sadI ke Arambha meM iMglaiNDa ke vidvAn 'saraphrAniksagAlTana' ne apanI sampatti kA eka bar3A bhAga landana vizvavidyAlaya ko isa kSetra meM zodha kArya ke lie diyA hai| isa vizvavidyAlaya meM 'yujeniksa' ke zodha kArya meM anekoM vidvAna lage hue haiN| yUropa ke anya dezoM meM bhI yaha zAstra lokapriya ho rahA hai| yUjeniksa meM vaMza paramparA, vivAha Adi ke sambandha meM vistRta zodha cala rahA hai| usa kSetra meM zodha kara rahe vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki santati ko susaMskArI evaM zAlIna banAne meM pratyakSa upadezoM evaM prazikSaNoM kA kama, dhArmika saMskAroM kA adhika yogadAna hotA hai|

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...13 manovijJAna kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki manuSya ke susaMskAra sAmAnya upadezoM yA yogya parAmarzoM kI apekSA anukUla vAtAvaraNa meM adhika tIvra gati se vikasita haiM arthAta jIvana ko saMskArI banAne ke lie upadezoM yA nirdezoM kI AvazyakatA utanI nahIM hai, jitanI dharma aura satsaMga yukta vAtAvaraNa kI hai|25 yaha pramANa purassara hai ki mana kA svabhAva adhogAmI hai, ataeva vaha acchI preraNAoM ko zIghra grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA hai| nATaka, sinemA, TI.vI. Adi para dekhe gae dRzyoM kA bhalA-burA prabhAva darzaka ke mana para adhika par3atA hai| jahA~ taka baccoM kA prazna hai, saMskAroM kI AvazyakatA unake lie vizeSa hotI hai| bacce adhika saMvedanazIla hote haiN| unake mAnasa paTala para acchA-burA jo bhI prabhAva par3atA hai, ve vaisA hI AcaraNa karane lagate haiM ata: baccoM ko dhArmika vAtAvaraNa kA milanA bahuta jarUrI hai| adhikAMza saMskAra janma se lekara yuvAvasthA taka kI avadhi meM hI sampanna kiye jAte haiM, isa dRSTi se saMskAroM kI prAsaMgikatA aparihArya rUpa se svIkRta hai| ciMtakoM ke anusAra bAlyakAla kI avasthA ko kaccI miTTI kI upamA dI gaI hai| jaise kaccI miTTI ko cAhe jisa rUpa meM parivartita kara sakate haiM, cAhe jisa AkAra meM badala sakate haiM, vaise hI bacce ko icchAnurUpa sat-asat mArga kI ora r3hAla sakate haiN| usameM bananebigar3ane, girane-saMvarane kI pUrNa saMbhAvanAe~ rahatI hai| use jaisA vAtAvaraNa yA saMyoga milatA hai, vaha tadanurUpa r3hala jAtA hai| vartamAna yuga meM bar3ha rahI arAjakatA, atyAcAra, bhraSTAcAra, pApAcAra, lUTamAra Adi ke vAtAvaraNa se santAna ko bacAnA ati Avazyaka ho gayA hai| saMskAra hI aise khataroM se surakSA pradAna kara sakate haiN| Aja sthitiyA~ jisa daura se gujara rahI haiM, usa dRSTi se saMskAroM kA pallavana karanA, saMskAramaya vAtAvaraNa upasthita karanA, sadguruoM kA sahavAsa karanA, satsaMga kA yoga karanA, dhArmika AyojanoM ko sampAdita karanA bahuta jarUrI hai| vAtAvaraNa kA baccoM para amiTa prabhAva par3atA hai| bacce jisa vAtAvaraNa meM rahate haiM, jaise saMyogoM meM rahate haiM, jisa mAhaula meM phalate-phUlate haiM, usakA 90 pratizata prabhAva unakI mano bhUmikA para par3atA hai| 'yUjeniksa' ke zodha meM lage vaijJAnikoM ne vizvabhara meM pracalita sabhI dharma sampradAyoM meM kie jAne vAle saMskAroM para gahana zodha karanA prArambha kiyA hai|

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14...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hindU dharma ke saMskAroM ke zodha meM lage eka vaijJAnika kA kahanA hai ki ina saMskAroM kI pRSThabhUmi manovaijJAnika sUjhabUjha para banI hai, jisameM vyaktitva ke samagra vikAsa kI pUrI-pUrI sambhAvanA hai| saMskAra mAtra karmakANDa nahIM, Atma nirmANa ke sazakta mAdhyama haiN| ina saMskAroM kA vyApaka stara para pracalana yA prayoga kiyA jA sake, to vyakti evaM samAja ke nava nirmANa kI Avazyaka pUrti ho sakatI hai|26 niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha tathya sAmane AtA hai ki saMskAroM dvArA jIvana ke vividha AyAmoM ko vikasita evaM pallavita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI pUrvAbhyAsa se Agata tamAma vikRtiyoM evaM duSceSTAoM ko nirasta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| inhIM vaiziSTyoM ke kAraNa vartamAnayugIna viSama paristhitiyoM meM saMskAroM kI prAsaMgikatA vizeSa rUpa se pratIta hotI hai| saMskAroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM rahe vaijJAnika tathya saMskAra karma eka vijJAna sammata prakriyA hai, jinakA AvirbhAva zAstra granthoM ke AdhAra para huA hai| bAlaka ke garbha meM praveza karane se lekara jIvanayApana ke vibhinna par3AvoM se gujarate hue zarIra chor3ane taka vividha 'saMskAroM' kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha eka viziSTa vidhAnAtmaka paddhati hai| ina vidhAnoM se vyakti kI antazcetanA para eka vizeSa prabhAva par3atA hai aura usakA mana susaMskArI hone lagatA hai| viziSTa prayojanoM ke lie prayukta advitIya zakti sampanna mantroM meM kSamatA hotI hai| una mantroM kA nirmANa aisI vaijJAnika paddhati se huA hai ki jaba una mantroM kA vidhivata uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba ve AkAza tatva meM eka vizeSa vidyuta pravAha taraMgita karate haiN| usakA tadyogya saMskAroM para vaisA hI prabhAva par3atA hai, jaisA una mantroM kA uddezya hotA hai| mantroM kI zakti suprasiddha hai| anusaMdhAnakartA vaijJAnikoM dvArA yaha zodha bahuta pahale kiyA jA cukA hai ki kina zabdoM kA kina-kina zabdoM ke sAtha tAlamela biThAyA jAe aura unakA kisa prakAra uccAraNa kiyA jAe jisase sunane vAloM para athavA jinake nimitta unakA uccAraNa kiyA jA rahA hai, una para acchA prabhAva par3a ske| isI niSkarSa ke AdhAra para ve mantra bane haiN| upalabdha mantroM kA kisa prayojana ke lie, kisa prakAra prayoga kiyA jAe? isakA vivecana dharma granthoM meM bhI huA hai|

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA... 15 vaidika dharma meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki yajJa upacAra ke sAtha-sAtha ina mantroM kI zakti aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| jo loga AhutiyA~ dete haiM, una para ina mantroM kA sIdhA prabhAva par3atA hai| jaina paramparA meM yajJa Ahuti dene kA koI vidhAna nahIM hai| phira bhI yahA~ mantroccAraNa se hone vAle prabhAva ko bahuta pahale se svIkArA gayA hai| jisa prakAra bijalI, bhApa, aNu, rasAyana Adi kA apanA vijJAna hai, usI prakAra mantra zAstra evaM karmakANDoM kA bhI apanA vijJAna hai| 27 yadi koI usakA prayoga ThIka prakAra se kara sake, to manuSya para usakA asAdhAraNa prabhAva par3atA hai aura usakA asAdhAraNa lAbha bhI uThAyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti ko susaMskRta banAne meM saMskAra paddhati ke kriyAkalApa saphalIbhUta mAne jAte haiN| saMskArakarma yA saMskAra Aropa paddhati ko eka prakAra se manovikAroM ke nirAkaraNa kI cikitsA praNAlI kahA jA sakatA hai| mAnasika cikitsA dRSTi se saMskAroM kA mUlya zrIrAmazarmA AcArya kA mantavya hai ki jisa prakAra abhraka Adi sAmAnya padArthoM kA aneka bAra agni saMskAra kara usase makaradhvaja jaisI bahumUlya rasAyaneM banAI jAtI haiM, usI prakAra manuSya para SoDaza saMskAroM kA solaha bAra prayoga karake use susaMskArI banAyA jAtA hai| zArIrika rogoM ko dUra karane hetu anekazaH anveSaNa ho rahe haiN| Ayurveda, homyopaithI, elopaithI, necaropaithI Adi cikitsA paddhatiyA~ zarIragata kaSToM ko dUra karane meM samartha haiN| pAgaloM ke ilAja ke lie mAnasika cikitsAlaya bhI khule haiM, kintu Aja kI sabase bar3I samasyA hai - manuSya kI mAnasika vikRtiyoM ko kaise dUra kiyA jAe ? mAnava pragati ke patha ko avarUddha karane vAlI pradhAna bAdhA yaha vikRtiyA~ hI haiM, para inake nirAkaraNa kA koI upAya aba taka DhUMDhA nahIM gayA hai| ye mAnasika vikRtiyA~ vyakti ko adhapagale jaisI sthiti meM lAkara paTaka detI haiN| ina vikRtiyoM kA mUla kAraNa kusaMskAra hai| inake nirAkaraNa ke sambandha meM koI cikitsA kAmayAba nahIM ho pA rahI hai| anya mAnasika bImAriyA~ jaise-- avizvAsa, nirdayatA, rUkhApana, IrSyA, krodha, kAmukatA, kaMjUsa vRtti Adi eka prakAra ke halake mAnasika roga haiM, kintu kusaMskAra kA honA sabase bar3A roga hai| kusaMskArI vyakti se prAyaH sabhI loga khinna evaM asaMtuSTa rahate haiN| usa vyakti kI apanI pratibhA to naSTa ho jAtI hai tathA vaha kucha zreSTha kArya kara

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16... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sakegA, isakI AzA bhI nahIM rahatI haiN| isI kAraNa kusaMskArI honA manuSya kA bahuta bar3A durbhAgya mAnA gayA hai| isa mahattvapUrNa samasyA para hamAre saMta- maharSiyoM ne anekavidha upAya bhI khoja nikAle haiM, jinake dvArA mAnava kA cetana mana nirmala, susaMskRta evaM santulita ho ske| isa prakriyA kA nAma hai - saMskAra karma / ina saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se samaya-samaya para yaha upacAra rUpa saMskAra karma kiyA jAtA hai| isa upacAra dvArA manuSya ke manovikAroM kA zamana evaM satpravRttiyoM kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai|28 vastutaH jIvana meM satata kAma Ane vAlI satpravRttiyoM kA bIjAropaNa ina saMskAroM ke samaya hI hotA hai| yadi kisI bAlaka ke sabhI saMskAra samucita vAtAvaraNa meM samyaka vidhi se sampanna kiye jAte haiM, to usakA vyaktitva Ananda-pramoda se bhara uThatA hai, sAtha hI mAnasika rogoM kA nAmonizAna bhI nahIM rahatA hai| saMskAroM ke mUlabhUta prayojana manuSya jIvana ko sazakta, sakriya evaM prANavAna banAnA jarUrI hai| yaha prANavattA saMskAra nirmANa dvArA hI saMbhava hai| yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki saMskAra nirmANa ke pIche mukhya prayojana kyA rahe hoMge? inako sampAdita karate samaya bar3e paimAne para prayukta hone vAle vidhi-vidhAnoM kA mukhya dhyeya kyA rahA hogA ? saMskAra, udbhava evaM nirmANa ke samaya kyA sthiti rahI hogI? kisa vAtAvaraNa meM ye saMskAra karma kie jAte the ? saMskAroM kA mukhya prayojana kyA hotA thA ? ityAdi viSayoM para saMkSepa meM prakAza DAlanA apekSita hai| hindU paramparA ke anusAra saMskAra vidhAna ke nimna prayojana dRSTigata hote haiN| 1. laukika prayojana sarvaprathama alaukika zaktiyoM ke duSprabhAvoM kA zamana karane hetu saMskAra karma kI kriyA prArambha huii| usa samaya logoM meM yaha vizvAsa thA ki saMskAroM dvArA amaMgala kA nirAkaraNa aura maMgala kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| jIvana ko AsurI zaktiyoM se bacAyA jA sakatA hai| unameM bhI nimna uddezya mukhya the azubha prabhAvoM kA pratikAra - zubha kAryoM meM amaMgala kI satata AzaMkA rahatI hai ataH azubha prabhAva ke nivAraNa ke lie saMskAroM meM kucha vizeSa kRtya bhI kie jAte haiM, ataeva hindU dharma meM amaMgalakArI upadravoM se bacane ke lie

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...17 saMskAroM ke antargata aneka sAdhanoM kA Alambana liyA gayA thaa| jaise- muNDana ke avasara para kATe hue kezoM ko gAya ke gobara ke piNDa ke sAtha milAkara goSTha meM gAr3a diyA jAtA thA athavA nadI meM pheMka diyA jAtA thA, jisase koI bhUta yA pizAca usa para apane camatkArI prayoga na kara ske|29 antima saMskAra ke samaya jaise hI vyakti mRtyu ke nikaTa hotA thA, usa samaya maraNAsanna vyakti kI pratikRti kA dAha kara diyA jAtA thaa| isake mUla meM yaha uddezya nihita thA ki mRtyu jaba maraNAsanna vyakti para AkramaNa kare, to tathAkathita mRta vyakti ke kAraNa bhramita ho jaae| isa prakAra azubha prabhAvoM ko rokane ke lie duSTa devoM ko bahakAyA jAtA thaa|30 jAtakarma saMskAra ke samaya bAlaka kA pitA devoM aura deviyoM se bhI azubha prabhAvoM kA nivAraNa karane ke lie prArthanA karatA thaa|31 strI kI garbhAvasthA ke samaya usakI rakSA ke lie prArthanAe~ kI jAtI thiiN|32 bhUtapizAcoM aura rAkSasoM se rakSA karane ke lie jala kA upayoga pratyeka saMskAra meM kiyA jAtA thaa| zatapatha brAhyaNa meM jala ko rAkSasoM kA nAzaka kahA gayA hai|33 avAMchita zaktiyoM ko AtaMkita karane ke lie antyeSTi ke samaya zabda kiyA jAtA thaa| prAcInakAla meM svArthavaza apane para se amaMgala zaktiyoM ko haTAkara unheM anya vyaktiyoM para saMkramita karane ke prayoga aura prayatna bhI kie jAte the| jaisevadhU dvArA dhAraNa kie gae vaivAhika vastra brAhmaNa ko dAna kara die jAte the, kyoMki ve vadhU ke lie ghAtaka samajhe jAte the| isa viSaya meM logoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki brAhmaNa itanA sazakta hotA hai ki usa para azubha zaktiyA~ AkramaNa nahIM kara sakatI haiM yA phira vaivAhika vastroM ko gauzAlA meM rakha diyA jAtA thA athavA vRkSa para TAMga diyA jAtA thaa|34 isa prakAra saMskAra niSpanna karate samaya upadravoM yA azubha prabhAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie kaI prakAra ke sAdhana apanAe jAte the| vAMchita siddhi kI prApti- pUrva kAla meM saMskAra karma kA prayojana vAMchita siddhi ko prApta karanA bhI thaa| jisa prakAra saMskAroM dvArA azubha prabhAvoM se bacane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA thA, usI prakAra saMskAra ke avasara para saMskArya vyakti ke hita ke lie vAMchita prayoga bhI kie jAte the| hinduoM kA yaha vizvAsa thA ki jIvana kA pratyeka samaya kisI na kisI devatA dvArA adhiSThita hai ata:

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18...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMskAra vidhAnoM kI saphalatA evaM saMskArya vyakti ko AzIrvAda dene ke lie devatA kA udbodhana kiyA jAtA thaa| saMskAra kI siddhi ke lie zubha vastuoM kA sparza karanA maMgalakArI mAnA jAtA thA, isIlie sImantonayana saMskAra ke samaya udumbara vRkSa kI zAkhA ko garbhavatI strI kI grIvA para sparza karavAyA jAtA thA35 aura yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki usake sparza se santati prajanana kI kSamatA A jAtI hai| navajAta zizu kA zvAsa-prazvAsa sucAru rIti se cale isalie bAlaka kA pitA usake jAtakarma saMskAra ke prasaMga para apanI zvAsa zizu para tIna bAra chor3atA thaa| putra kI prApti ke lie garbhavatI mahilA ko dadhi mizrita dvidala dhAnyoM ke sAtha jau kA eka bIja khAnA Avazyaka mAnA jAtA thaa|36 santati prajanana ke lie patnI kI nAka ke dAhine cheda meM vizAla vaTavRkSa kA rasa chor3A jAtA thaa|37 sImantonayana saMskAra ke avasara para patnI ko cAvala ke Dhera kI ora dekhane ke lie kahA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra saMskAroM kI siddhi ke lie kaI prakAra kI paramparAe~ pracalita thIM tathA pratyeka vyakti apane Avazyaka evaM laukika kAryoM kI saphalatA ke lie saMskAra karma karavAtA bhI thaa| bhautika lAbha kI kAmanA- bhautika vastuoM kI saMprApti bhI saMskAra karma anuSThAna kA eka mukhya kAraNa thii| prAcyakAla meM usa avasara para vizeSa ArAdhanAe~ aura prArthanAe~ kI jAtI thiiN| hinduoM kA yaha vizvAsa thA ki ArAdhanA aura prArthanA ke mAdhyama se devatA unakI abhIpsita icchAoM ko jAna lete haiM aura pazu, santAna, anna, svAsthya, sundara zarIra Adi kI pUrti karate haiN|38 saMskAra karma kA yaha prayojana Aja bhI maujUda hai ata: saMskAra kriyA kA eka prayojana bhautika vastuoM ko samupalabdha karanA bhI thaa| bhAvAbhivyakti kA prakaTana- bhAratIya paramparA meM saMskAra kA Ayojana eka kAraNa jIvana yAtrA meM ghaTita hone vAle harSa, Ananda aura da:kha Adi ko abhivyakta karanA bhI rahA hai| pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana kAla meM acchI-burI, zreSTha-nimna kaI prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI rahatI haiM, ata: unheM abhivyakti kA rUpa dene ke lie saMskAra karma kie jAte the| jaise-putra janma ke avasara para khuzI honA svAbhAvika hai, to usa asIma Ananda ko prakaTa karane hetu saMskAra utsava karate the| isI prakAra vivAha ke avasara para hone vAlI prasannatA, zizu

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...19 ke pragatizIla caraNa para parivAra ko hone vAlA harSa, mRtyu ke avasara para hone vAlA zoka ityAdi ko bhoja tathA upahAroM ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jAtA hai aura yaha saba kArya saMskAra karma ke rUpa meM hI sampanna kie jAte haiN| isa prakAra saMskAra karma kA laukika prayojana kaI dRSTiyoM se siddha hotA hai| 2. sAmAjika prayojana hindU dharma ke mAnya granthoM manusmRti, guhyasUtroM Adi kA avalokana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pUrva kAla meM saMskAra kriyA kA eka prayojana sAmAjika utthAna bhI thaa| samAja vijJAna kI dRSTi se saMskAroM kA bar3A mahattva hai| sAmAjika mUlyoM kI surakSA evaM cirajIvaMtatA ke lie unake prati niSThA evaM vizvAsa parama Avazyaka hai| sAmAjika aura dhArmika anuSThAna isake anupama mAdhyama haiN| saMskAra isakA zreSTha udAharaNa hai| kevala vidhi yA niyama ke dvArA sAmAjika vyavasthA sthAI nahIM ho sakatI, usake lie samAja ke sadasyoM kA susaMskRta honA jarUrI hai| kisI bhI sAmAjika niyama athavA vyavasthA ke pIche zatAbdiyoM aura sahasrAbdiyoM ke saMskAra kAma karate haiN| sAmAnyatayA pratyeka manuSya meM sAmAjikatA kA guNa sahaja rUpa se hotA hai tathApi deza athavA jAti vizeSa ke niyamoM evaM paramparAoM ke prati vizvAsa prakaTa karane ke lie saMskAra karanA Avazyaka hai| saMskAra ke AdhAra para sAmAjika mUlyoM kA vikAsa uttarottara hotA hai| hinduoM kI sudRr3ha sAmAjika vyavasthA ke pIche unake apane niyamita aura anivArya saMskAra the| __usa kAla meM upanayana saMskAra ko samAja aura dhArmika kSetra meM praviSTa hone kA eka prakAra kA praveza-patra mAnA jAtA thaa| yaha saMskAra karma karane kA mukhya adhikAra brAhmaNoM ko prApta thA aura zUdroM ke lie varjita thaa|39 sAmAjika dRSTi se vidyArthI jIvana kA kAla paripUrNa hone para gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karane ke lie samAvartana saMskAra kA anuSThAna karanA Avazyaka thaa| itanA hI nahIM, vaidika mantroM dvArA upanayana saMskAra aura vivAha saMskAra kie gae kisI bhI vyakti ko sabhI prakAra ke yajJoM ke anuSThAna karane kA tathA samAja meM apanI viziSTatA kA adhikAra mila jAtA thaa| usa paramparA meM yaha siddhAnta bhI pracalita thA ki pratyeka vyakti utpanna hote samaya zUdra hotA hai ata: pUrNa vikasita Arya hone ke lie usakA saMskAra

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20... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana evaM parimArjana karanA anivArya hai| 40 saMskAroM kA anya prayojana cAritrika vizuddhi bhI thA, kyoMki cAritrika vizuddhi se sAmAjika cetanA prakaTa hotI haiN| isa prakAra saMskAra karma ke pIche kaI prakAra ke sAmAjika prayojana aura bhI the| 3. naitika prayojana gautamadharmasUtra meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA cAlIsa batAI gaI hai| isI ke sAtha ATha prakAra ke Atmika guNa kahe gae haiN| unake nAma ye haiM- dayA, kSamA, anasUyA, zauca, zama, ucita vyavahAra, nirIhatA aura nirlobhatA / prastuta dharmasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa vyakti ne cAlIsa saMskAroM kA anuSThAna kara liyA ho, kintu usameM ATha AtmaguNa nahIM haiM, to vaha brahma kA sAnnidhya prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai, kintu jisane kucha saMskAroM ko hI anuSThita kiyA ho parantu AtmA ATha guNoM se yukta hai, to vaha brahmaloka meM brahma kA sAnnidhya prApta kara letA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki saMskAra karma kA prayojana sAmAnya na hokara viziSTa thaa| saMskAroM ko kevala saMskAra rUpa meM karanA - aisI dhAraNA saMskAra vidhAna meM nahIM hai, apitu saMskAra ke paripAka se naitika guNoM kI abhivRddhi hotI hai ataH saMskAra meM jIvana ke pratyeka sopAna ke lie vyavahAra ke niyama dharmazAstrajJoM ne nirdhArita kie| usa samaya jIvana pragati ke lie kaI niyama nirdhArita ho cuke the jaise- garbhiNIdharma, anupanItadharma, brahmacArIdharma, snAtakadharma aadi| 41 ina niyamoM meM naitika vikAsa ke lakSaNa pratyakSa rUpa se vidyamAna haiM tathA ve lakSaNa vyakti kI naitika pragati ko sUcita karate haiM / 4. vaiyaktika prayojana manuSya kA vaiyaktika jagata pariSkRta honA paramAvazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se saMskAroM kA prArambha huA, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMskAra karma ko niSpanna karane ke lie vyaktitva nirmANa kI bhAvanA prArambha se hI nihita thii| saMskAra vaiyaktika vikAsa kI viziSTa prakriyA hai| saMskAra jIvana ke pratyeka bhAga ko vyApta kara lete haiN| ina SoDaza saMskAroM kI niyojanA isa prakAra kI gaI hai ki vyakti jIvana ke prArambha se hI unake prabhAva meM A jAtA hai| saMskAra dvArA vyaktitva nirmANa kA kArya kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? isa sambandha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra citrakarma meM saphalatA prApta karane ke lie vividha

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...21 raMga apekSita haiM, usI prakAra cAritra nirmANa ke lie bhI vibhinna prakAra ke saMskAra Avazyaka hote haiN| yadi hama vyaktitva nirmANa kI dRSTi se saMskAra ke prayojanoM para dRSTipAta kareM, to kaI tathya spaSTa hote haiN| jaise ki mAtA ke garbha meM jIva ke sthira hone para puMsavana nAmaka saMskAra karavAyA jAtA thaa| vaha garbhiNI ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika dAyitvoM ko samajhAne, unakA pAlana karane evaM garbhastha zizu ke bhaviSya ko ujjvala banAne ke uddezya se thaa| jaba bAlaka kucha samajhane yogya ho jAtA thA, taba upanayana saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| vaha vaiyaktika vikAsa kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattva kA thaa| usa saMskAra ke avasara para mAnavocita maryAdAoM kA pAlana karane evaM durAcaraNoM kA niSedha karane kI zikSA dI jAtI thii| jaba strI garbhiNI hotI thI, to use dUSita prabhAvoM se bacAe rakhane ke lie isa prakAra kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA tAki jisakA garbhastha zizu para satprakAza pdd'e|42 navajAta zizu ko kisI prakAra kA zArIrika kaSTa na ho aura usakA buddhi bala uttarottara bar3he, etadartha AzIrvAda die jAte the| bAlaka ke vikAsa hetu upayukta vAtAvaraNa upasthita karane ke lie samaya-samaya para utsava manAe jAte the|43 cUr3AkaraNa yA muNDana saMskAra ke bAda jaba zizu bAlyAvasthA ko prApta hotA thA, taba vaiyaktika vikAsa ke uddezya se use vidyAlaya bhejA jAtA thA aura vahA~ use apane nijI kartavyoM evaM uttaradAyitvoM se paricita karAyA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra vividha saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se zizu kA vaiyaktika pakSa pariSkRta kiyA jAtA thaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki saMskAra karma kA mukhya prayojana vyaktittva nirmANa hI thaa| 5. AdhyAtmika prayojana . yadyapi AdhyAtmika dRSTi se zarIra ko ni:sAra mAnA gayA hai, phira bhI zarIra 'Atmamandira' hai, sAdhanA anuSThAna kA mAdhyama hai, isalie yaha bar3A mUlyavAna hai| yaha Atma mandira saMskAroM se pariSkRta (zuddha) hokara paramAtmA kA nivAsa sthAna bana sake, yahI saMskAroM kA Azaya hai ataeva bhAratIya paramparA meM saMskAra karma kA abhyudaya AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhAvanAoM ko lekara huA, aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai| saMskAra dvArA saMskRta banA huA vyakti yaha anubhava karatA thA ki aba yaha jIvana saMskAramaya bana gayA hai aura sampUrNa daihika kriyAe~

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22...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana AdhyAtmika dhyeya se anuprANita ho gaIM haiN| isase usa vyakti ke vicAroM meM bhI adbhuta parivartana ho jAtA thA tathA usakI gatividhiyA~ AdhyAtmikatA kI ora bar3hane lagatI thiiN| usa samaya saMskAra karma kA vAtAvaraNa itanA prabhAvI hotA thA ki usake phalasvarUpa vyakti anAyAsa hI mahasUsa karatA ki jaise koI adRzya vastu unake samasta vyaktitva ko pavitra kara rahI ho| isa prakAra saMskAroM dvArA vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA thA, ata: ve saMskAra upacAra mAtra nahIM the| hindu dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ko yaha vizvAsa thA ki saMskAroM kA vidhiyukta anuSThAna karane para vyakti daihika bandhana se mukta hokara mRtyu ke pAra ho jAtA hai| yajurveda meM ullekha hai ki jo vyakti vidyA aura avidyA-donoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha avidyA se mRtyu ko pAra kara vidyA dvArA amaratva ko prApta kara letA hai|44 manusmRti ke dvitIya adhyAya meM prokta saMskAroM kA sAmAnya prayojana batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki garbhAdhAna Adi saMskAroM dvArA brAhmaNa, kSatriya tathA vaizyoM kA zarIra ihaloka aura paraloka meM pavitra kArya karane vAlA banatA hai| garbhakAlIna tIna saMskAroM tathA jAtakarma, cUDAkarma aura upanayana Adi saMskAroM ke samaya kie jAne vAle homoM se bIja aura garbha sambandhI dvijoM kI azuddhiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura veda mantroM ke prabhAva se mana meM zubha saMskAroM kA saMcaya hotA hai| vedArambha dvArA vidyA jJAna se, vivAha dvArA patrotpatti se, paMca mahAyajJoM evaM agniSTomAdi yajJoM ke anuSThAna se brAhmaNa Adi ke zarIrastha jIva ko brahma prApti yogya kiyA jAtA hai| smRti saMgraha meM garbhAdhAna Adi kA vizeSa prayojana batalAte hae kahA gayA ki garbhAdhAna saMskAra se bIja sambandhI aura garbhavAsa kI malInatA sambandhI doSa naSTa hote haiN| puMsavana saMskAra se kanyA zarIra na banakara putra zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| sImanta saMskAra dvArA garbhAdhAna kA phala prApta hotA hai| jAtakarma saMskAra se garbhastha jIva dvArA mAtA ke AhAra rasa ko pIne para utpanna doSa naSTa ho jAte haiM tathA Ayu aura teja kI vRddhi hotI hai| nAmakaraNa se vyavahAra kI siddhi hotI haiN| niSkramaNa saMskAra dvArA sUrya bhagavAna kA mantra pUrvaka darzana karAne se Ayu aura lakSmI kI vRddhi hotI hai| annaprAzana se mAtA ke garbha meM malinatA bhakSaNa kA jo doSa lagatA hai vaha zuddha ho jAtA hai| cUDAkarma kA prayojana Ayu aura teja kI vRddhi karanA hai| upanayana saMskAra se vedAdhyayana kA adhikArI banatA hai|

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA .... .23 vivAha ke dvArA agnihotra tathA darza- paurNamAsa Adi yAga karane ke yogya bana jAtA hai, kyoMki sapatnIka manuSya hI homa Adi anuSThAna kara sakatA hai| vastutaH ina saMskAroM ke dvArA apavitratA rUpa pApoM se nivRtti aura pavitratA rUpa puNya kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai tathA mana, vANI aura zarIra susaMskArita banate haiN| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ina saMskAroM ke prayojana evaM uddezya yathArtha the| anubhUti ke stara para khare the| deza - kAlagata paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para ina saMskAra karmoM kI kriyA vidhiyoM evaM anuSThAnoM meM utAra-car3hAva Ate rhe| Aja kucha saMskAra hI astitva ke rUpa meM maujUda raha gae haiN| paramArthataH solaha saMskAroM ke dvArA zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika, vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika tathA dhArmika Adi sabhI kSetroM ko sudRDha, sazakta aura suvikasita kiyA jAtA hai| sAtha hI saMskArita vyakti meM paropakAra, mAnavIyatA, sahRdayatA, vyAvahArikatA niHsvArtha bhAvanA Adi guNoM kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai tathA gRhastha jIvana evaM vratI jIvana kI avadhAraNAoM se paricita karAyA jAtA hai| eka dRSTi se dekhA jAe to ina saMskAroM ke mAdhyama se vyakti janma, jIvana aura mRtyu-tInoM ko sudhAra letA hai / vartamAna pariprekSya meM ina saMskAroM kI prAsaMgikatA vividha dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa pratIta hotI hai| jahA~ Adhunika kAla meM vyakti kI manovRttiyA~ dUSita hotI jA rahI haiM aura kusaMskAroM kA prabhAva hAvI hotA jA rahA hai, vahA~ unake nirAkaraNa evaM svastha jIvana zailI kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI samAja ke cahu~mukhI vikAsa ke lie ye anivArya anubhUta evaM nizcita pariNAmI hai / vibhinna kSetroM meM saMskAroM kA mahattva hindU paramparA meM saMskAroM kA mahattva sarvAdhika rahA hai| isa paramparA meM Aja bhI kaIM saMskAra mUla vidhi ke anusAra niSpAdita kie jAte haiN| nirapekSa dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to saMbhavataH yaha kahanA atizayoktipUrNa nahIM hogA ki hindU paramparA ke prabhAva se hI jaina paramparA meM saMskAroM kA astitva hai| sAmAnya rUpa se vicAra kareM to kalpasUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA, rAjapraznIya, aupapAtika Adi Agama granthoM meM candra-sUrya darzana, upanayana, nAmakaraNa, vidyArambha Adi saMskAroM ko niSpanna kie jAne ke ullekha spaSTataH mila jAte haiM kintu AcAradinakara meM saMskAroM kI saMkhyA evaM krama jisa rUpa meM ullikhita haiM vaisA varNana zvetAmbara

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24... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramparA ke anya grantha meM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai / yaha grantha vikrama kI 15vIM zatI kA hai| isase sunizcita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM pracalita saMskAra hindU paramparA ke hI mukhya avadAna haiN| saMskAroM kA mahattva prastuta karate hue vaidika granthoM meM kahA gayA hai ki "janmanA jAyate zUdraH saMskArAdvija ucyate" arthAta manuSya janma se dvija nahIM hotA, vaha saMskAra ke dvArA dvija banatA hai isa sUkti meM upanayana Adi saMskAra ke karma hI vivakSita haiN| vyApaka dRSTikoNa se manana kiyA jAe to isa vacana kA tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki janmataH manuSya pazu yA pAmara hai aura vaha saMskAra dvArA hI saMskArI manuSya banatA hai| saMskAra kA eka artha camaka yA pAliza hai| isakA matalaba hai ki saMskAra bAharI saphAI yA zuddhi nahIM karate, apitu mAnava hRdaya kI saphAI karate haiM, jisake kAraNa manuSya kA rahana-sahana, bhAvanA - buddhi sabhI meM samyaka parivartana AtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, yoM kaha sakate haiM ki jisa zikSA yA prakriyA se manuSya meM sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika guNoM kA vikAsa hotA ho vaha saMskAra hai| ina saMskAroM kA mahattva isalie bhI adhika hai ki isa paddhati dvArA doSApanayana aura guNAdhAna donoM kA eka sAtha yoga hotA hai / isa sambandha meM anekoM udAharaNa die jA sakate haiN| jaise hIre aura javAharAta bAjAra meM jisa sthiti meM dekhe jAte haiM, usa rUpa meM ve khAnoM se nahIM nikalate haiM / unako kharAda para car3hAyA jAtA hai, taba ve nikharate haiN| unakI zobhA vidhivata saMskAroM dvArA hI bar3hatI haiN| isI taraha pAre kA jAraNa-mAraNa karake use vidhi pUrvaka saMskArita kiyA jAtA hai, usake bAda hI usase saMjIvanI rasAyana banAyA jAtA hai| udyAna ko sundara vRkSoM se suzobhita karane ke lie mAlI ko usakI hara taraha se dekhabhAla karanI par3atI hai| vaha khAda, pAnI, kATa-chAMTa Adi aneka prakriyAoM dvArA paudhe ko manacAhe rUpa meM vikasita kara sakatA hai| jahA~ isa prakAra ke saMskAra karane vAlA mAlI nahIM hotA, vahA~ paudhe kurUpa, asta-vyasta aura vikRta sthiti meM par3e rahate haiN| yahI bAta manuSya ko saMskArita karane ke viSaya meM samajhanI caahie| hindU paramparA meM janma se zUdra(tuccha) pravRtti evaM hInakarma vAle vyakti ko solaha bAra saMskAra karake use brAhmaNa ke yogya uccakulIna banAyA jAtA hai|

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...25 samAhArata: saMskAroM ke mahattva ko udghATita karate hue yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMskAra sampanna karate samaya jo bhI vidhi-vidhAna yA karmakANDa kie jAte haiM, unakA vyakti ke mana para sUkSma prabhAva par3atA hai| usakI manobhUmi burAiyoM evaM kSudratAoM se Upara uThakara acchAiyoM evaM mahAnatAoM ko grahaNa karane lagatI hai| sAtha hI usa avasara para jo zikSAe~ dI jAtI haiM, ve bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hotii| usa samaya utsava manAte hue evaM manobhUmi ko vizeSa ullasita karake jo zikSAe~ dI jAtI haiM, ve ThIka samaya para boe jAne vAle bIja kI taraha phalavatI hotI haiN| isa taraha samaya-samaya para kie jAne vAle ina SoDaza saMskAroM kA vijJAna satpariNAmoM se paripUrNa hotA hai| saMskAra AropaNa ke mArmika uddezya ___mAnava jIvana ko pariSkRta banAne vAlI vidhi vizeSa kA nAma 'saMskAra' hai| jaise tUlikA (baza) ke bAra-bAra ghumAne se citra sarvAMga pUrNa bana jAtA hai, usI bhAMti vidhi pUrvaka saMskAroM ke anuSThAna dvArA zama-dama Adi guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| saMskAroM kA mUla uddezya tIna rUpoM meM parilakSita hotA hai- 1. doSamArjana 2. atizayAdhAna aura 3. hiinaaNgpuurti| khAna se nikalA huA lohA atyanta malina hotA hai| sarvaprathama saphAI dvArA usakA 'doSamArjana' karate haiM, phira Aga kI niyamita AMca (tApa) meM tapAkara usase ispAta taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai, jise 'atizayAdhAna' kahate haiN| phira usa ispAta ko prayoga meM Ane lAyaka jo kamI hotI hai, usakI pUrti kI jAtI hai| yaha kriyA 'hInAMgapUrti' kahalAtI hai| ThIka isI prakAra bhAratIya maharSiyoM ne jIvana ko apane lakSya (mokSa) taka paha~cAne hetu vividha saMskAroM kI zAstrIya vyavasthA dI hai| garbhAdhAna, jAtakarma, annaprAzana Adi saMskAroM se doSamArjana, upanayana, brahmavrata Adi saMskAroM se atizayAdhAna tathA vivAha, agnyAdhAna Adi saMskAroM se hamAre jIvana kI hInAMgapUrti hotI hai| isa prakAra saMskAroM kI aneka vidhiyoM dvArA mAnava apane lakSya taka pahu~cane meM samartha hotA hai|45 saMskAra AropaNa ke kucha uddezya ye bhI mananIya haiM - 1. pratikUla prabhAvoM kI parisamApti krnaa| 2. abhilaSita prabhAvoM ko AkRSTa krnaa| 3. zakti, samRddhi, buddhi Adi kI prApti krnaa|

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26... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 4. jIvana meM hone vAle sukha-dukha kI icchAoM ko vyakta karanA / 5. garbha evaM bIja sambandhI doSoM ko dUra karanA / 6. dhArmika vizeSAdhikAra prApta karanA / jaise upanayana saMskAra se vedAdhyayana evaM dhArmika kRtyoM ke anuSThAna kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai / 7. puruSArtha-catuSTaya kI prApti karanA / 8. cAritrika vikAsa karanA / 9. vyaktitva nirmANa karanA / 10. samasta zArIrika kriyAoM ko AdhyAtmika lakSya se sampUrita karanA / yadi prAcIna gRhyasUtroM meM ullekhita saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA sUkSma buddhi pUrvaka vivecana kiyA jAe, to unakA uddezya yahI pratIta hotA hai ki vyakti apane gRhastha jIvana, pArivArika jIvana aura sAmAjika jIvana ko kalyANakArI DhaMga se jIne kI kalA sIkha ske| isake mAdhyama se viveka buddhi evaM karttavya buddhi ko jAgRta kara ske| apanatva evaM maitrI bhAva ke sumana khilA sake tathA manuSya jIvana kI yAtrA ko sarvAMgINa rUpa se sukhada evaM Ananda ke sAgara se bhara ske| suspaSTa hai ki saMskAroM ke AropaNa kA uddezya mahAn evaM sarvottama hai| ina saMskAroM ke pIche ihalaukika yA bhautika sukha kI koI kAmanA nahIM hai| kisI prakAra kA koI svArtha bhI nihita nahIM hai| kevala jIvana-yAtrA ko pragati patha para agrasara karane vAle guNoM kA AvirbhAva karanA tathA unakA sadAcaraNa karate hue vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika jIvana ko Adarzamaya banAnA hI isakA mUlabhUta uddezya rahA hai| saMskAra AropaNa kI AvazyakatA kyoM? saMskAra pratyeka mAnava kI amUlya dharohara hai| saMskAra ke AdhAra para hI jIvana kA parivartana, parivardhana aura pariSkAra hotA hai| saMskAra vyakti ke dharAtala ko U~cA uThAne meM mukhya bhUmikA nibhAte haiN| susaMskAroM kA hI prabhAva hotA hai ki manuSya satsaMga, sadguru aura saMta vANI ko sunakara aura par3hakara use apanAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana kI sabhI paramparAoM meM gRhastha ke solaha saMskAra mAne gae haiM, jinheM 'SoDaza saMskAra' kahate haiN| mAtA ke garbha meM Ane ke dina se lekara mRtyu

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...27 taka kI avadhi meM samaya-samaya para pratyeka kulIna vyakti ko solaha bAra saMskArita karake eka prakAra kI AdhyAtmika zakti kA saMcAra kiyA jAtA hai| isameM vyakti ko mAnava se mahAmAnava ke stara taka jA pahu~cane kI pratyakSa apratyakSa preraNA dI jAtI hai| yaha saMskAra paddhati sUkSma adhyAtma para avalambita hai| saMskAra karma kI prakriyA karate samaya jo mantra uccArita kie jAte haiM, unakI dhvani taraMgeM saMskAra kie jA rahe vyakti ke lie eka alaukika vAtAvaraNa prastuta karatI haiM arthAta jo bhI vyakti isa vAtAvaraNa meM hote haiM yA jinake lie bhI usa puNya prakriyA kA prayoga hotA hai, ve usase prabhAvita hote haiN| usake pariNAma svarUpa vyakti ke guNa, karma, svabhAva meM anya anekoM divya vizeSatAe~ prasphuTita hotI haiN| mUlata: saMskAroM kI prakriyA eka aisI AdhyAtmika upacAra paddhati hai, jisakA pariNAma kabhI vyartha nahIM jaataa| zrIrAmazarmA AcArya likhate haiM ki pratyeka saMskAra ke mantroM meM aneka aisI vizeSatAe~ bharI huI haiM, jo una paristhitiyoM meM vyakti ke lie upayogI banatI haiN| udAharaNa ke lie sImAnta saMskAra ke samaya uccArita kie jAne vAle mantroM meM garbhavatI ke rahana-sahana, AhAra-vihAra sambandhI mahattvapUrNa zikSAe~ maujUda haiN| isI taraha vivAha saMskAra meM dAmpatya jIvana kI, annaprAzana meM bhojana Adi kI, vidyArambha saMskAra meM vivecana lekhana kI Avazyaka zikSAe~ hotI haiN| isa prakriyA meM parivAra ko saMskAravAna banAne evaM kauTumbika jIvana ko dhArmika bhAvanAoM se ota-prota karane kI eka manovaijJAnika praNAlI rahI hai| jisa samaya saMskAra karma kI prakriyA niSpanna kI jAtI hai, usa samaya harSotsava kA vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai| usa prakriyA meM devatAoM kI sAkSI, dharma bhAvanAoM se ota-prota manobhUmi, svajana sambandhiyoM kI upasthiti, purohita yA gRhastha guru dvArA karavAyA jAtA dharmakRtya-yaha sabhI milakara saMskAra se yogya vyaktiyoM ko eka vizeSa prakAra kI mAnasika avasthA meM pahu~cA dete haiN| manovaijJAnika siddhAnta ke AdhAra para kaheM to usa harSamaya vAtAvaraNa meM jo pratijJAe~ kI jAtI haiM athavA jo prakriyAe~ karavAI jAtI haiM, ve sakSma mana para gaharA prabhAva chor3atI haiN| isa prakAra saMskAra karma vyakti ke zarIra, mana evaM AtmA ko pUrvAvasthA se bahuta U~cA uThA dete haiN| vyakti kA jIvana dhArmika, naitika evaM AdhyAtmika raMga se mahaka uThatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa mAnava mAtra

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28... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI jIvana-yAtrA sukhada evaM Ananda ke mArga kI ora cala par3atI hai| isa taraha saMskAra prakriyA meM jIvana ko rUpAntarita karane kI adbhuta kalA hotI hai, isalie bhI saMskAroM ko Aropita karanA caahie| jisa taraha vibhinna prakAra kI miTTI ko saMskArita kara usase lohA, tA~bA, sonA Adi bahumUlya dhAtue~ prApta kara lete haiN| Ayurvedika rasAyana banAne vAlI auSadhiyoM ko kaI prakAra ke rasoM meM mizrita kara unheM gajapuTa, agnipuTa vidhiyoM dvArA saMskArita kara unase makaradhvaja jaisI camatkArI evaM anyAnya auSadhiyoM kA nirmANa kara lete haiM, usI taraha solaha saMskAra kI prakriyA manuSya ke lie anagar3ha se sugar3ha banAne kI mahattvapUrNa paddhati hai| vastutaH saMskAra AropaNa kI AvazyakatA ke pIche bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka hI udghoSa rahA hai- ' zreSTha saMskAravAna mAnava kA nirmANa ho|' vaidika dharmAnuyAyI aisA mAnate haiM ki janma-janmAntaroM kI vAsanAoM kA lepa jIvAtmA para rahatA hai| manuSya yoni meM hI vaha Atma tatva pakar3a meM AtA hai ataeva manuSya ke garbha meM Ate hI AtmA para chAI huI malinatA ko haTA diyA jAe aura usa para nae saMskAra Aropita kara die jAMe, tAki isake bAda kI yAtrA samyak dizA kI ora ho sake isa vajaha se bhI saMskAra kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai| saMskAroM ke nAma evaM saMkhyA krama viSayaka pAramparika matabheda jaina dharma evaM hindU dharma kI pracalita paramparAoM meM sAmAnyatayA solaha saMskAra mAne gae haiN| unameM jaina dharma kI vibhinna dhArAoM meM saMskAra kI saMkhyA ko lekara koI matabheda nahIM hai, kevala saMskAra ke nAmoM ko lekara kiMcita bhinnatAe~ haiM, jabaki hindU paramparA meM saMskAra ke nAmoM evaM saMkhyA donoM ko lekara mata-matAntara haiN| prAcIna gRhyasUtroM meM saMskAroM kI bhinna-bhinna saMkhyAe~ dI gaI haiM tathA una saMkhyA ke nAmoM meM bhI thor3A-bahuta antara hai / gRhyasUtroM meM varNita saMskAroM kI saMkhyA evaM nAma kI sUcI isa prakAra hai - AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra--7 pAraskara gRhyasUtra 18 baudhAyana gRhyasUtra +9 1 vivAha 2 garbhAdhAna 1 vivAha 2 garbhAdhAna 1 vivAha 2 garbhAdhAna

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puMsavana 4 sImantonnayana 5 jAtakarma 6 nAmakaraNa 7 cUr3Akarma 8 annaprAzana 9 upanayana 10 samAvartana 11 antyeSTi vArAha gRhyasUtra 1 jAtakarma 2 nAmakaraNa 3 dantodgamana 4 annaprAzana 5 cUDAkarNa 6 upanayana 7 veda vratAni 8 goDhAna 9 samAvartana 10 vivAha 11 garbhAdhAna 12 puMsavana 13 sImantonnayana saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA... 29 3 puMsavana 3 puMsavana 4 sImantonnayana 4 sImantonnayana 5 jAtakarma 5 jAtakarma 6 nAmakaraNa 7 niSkramaNa 8 annaprAzana 9 cUr3Akarma 10 upanayana 11 kezAnta 12 samAvartana 13 antyeSTi vaizvAnasa gRhyasUtra 51 1 RtusaMgamana 2 garbhAdhAna 3 sImAnta 4 viSNubali 5 jAtakarma 6 utthAna 7 nAmakaraNa 8 annaprAzana 9 pravasAgamana 10 piNDavardhana 11 caulaka 12 upanayana 13 pArAyaNa 14 vratabandhavisarga 15 upAkarma 16 utsarjana 17 samAvartana 6 nAmakaraNa 7 upaniSkramaNa 8 annaprAzana 9 cUr3Akarma 10 karNavedha 11 upanayana 12 samAvartana 13 pitRmedha khAdira gRhyasUtra 2 1 vivAha 2 garbhAdhAna 3 puMsavana 4 sImantonnayana 5 niSkramaNa 6 nAmakaraNa 7 caulam 8 upanayana (gobhilaputrakRta gRhyasaMgraha) 1 garbhAdhAna 2 puMsavana 3 sImantonnayana 4 jAtakarma 5 nAmakaraNa 6 annaprAzana

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30...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ____ 18 pANigrahaNa 7 cUr3AkaraNa 8 vratAdeza 9 godAna 10 kezAnta 11 visarga __ 12 vivAha uparyukta tAlikA kA adhyayana karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra meM gyAraha, pAraskara gRhyasUtra, baudhAyana gRhyasUtra aura vArAha gRhyasUtra meM teraha, vaizvAnasa gRhyasUtra meM aThAraha, khAdira gRhyasUtra meM ATha, gobhilaputrakRta gRhya saMgraha meM bAraha prakAra ke saMskAra batAe gae haiM, jinameM paraspara saMkhyA, nAma evaM krama ko lekara kiMcida matabheda hai| cAlIsa saMskAra- gautamadharmasUtra meM cAlIsa prakAra ke saMskAroM kA nirUpaNa haiN| unameM yajJoM kA samAveza bhI kara diyA gayA hai| isase sUcita hotA hai ki yajJa bhI parokSa rUpa se pUta(pavitra) karane vAle mAne jAte the 54, kintu unakA mukhya prayojana devatAoM kI ArAdhanA kara unheM prasanna karanA thA, jabaki saMskAroM kA pradhAna dhyeya saMskArya vyakti ke vyaktitva evaM deha ko susaMskRta karanA hotA thaa|55 vartamAna meM ina cAlIsa saMskAroM meM se nau-dasa saMskAra hI maujUda raha gae haiM, zeSa pracalana meM nahIM hai| gautamadharmasUtra meM ATha prakAra ke AtmaguNa bhI saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAne gae haiN| isa taraha gautama ke anusAra kula 48 saMskAra hote haiN| cAlIsa saMskAra ke nAma ye haiM- 1. garbhAdhAna66 2. puMsavana 3. sImantonnayana 4. jAtakarma 5. nAmakaraNa 6. annaprAzana 7. caula 8. upanayana(cAra veda)57 9. Rgveda 10. yajurveda 11. atharvaveda 12. sAmaveda 13. snAna 14. sahadharmacAriNIsaMyoga paMca mahAyajJa68 15. devayajJa 16. pitAyajJa 17. atithiyajJa 18. bhUtayajJa 19. brAhmaNayajJa saptapAkayajJa9- 20. aSTakAzrAddha 21. pArvaNasthAlIpAka 22. zrAddha (pitRmedha, piNDapitRyajJa) 23. zrAvaNI 24. AgrahAyaNI 25. caitrI (caitra mAsa kI paurNamAsI meM vihita smArtta) karma 26. AzvinI (Asoja mAsa kI paurNamAsI meM vihita smArtta) krm| ye paMca mahAyAga Adi sAta pakAe hue anna se kie jAne ke kAraNa pAkayajJa kahalAte haiN|

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...31 saptahayajJa- 27. agnyAdheya(zrautAdhAna) karma 28. agnihotra 29. darzapaurNamAsa 30. cAturmAsyayAgavizvadeva varUNapradhAsa, sAkamedha, zunAsIrIya-ye cAroM parva 31. AgrayaNeSTi(navAnneSTi) 32. nirUr3hapazyAga 33. sautrAmaNIyAga- ye agnyAdheya Adi sAta dugdha, ghRta evaM puroDAza Adi haviSoM se hone ke kAraNa haviryajJa kahalAte haiN| sapta somayajJa1 34. agniSTahoma 35. atyagniSTahoma 36. uktha 37. SoDazI 38. vAjapeya 39. atirAtra 40. AptauryAmi-ye sAta somalatA se hone ke kAraNa somayAga kahalAte haiN| paccIsa saMskAra- saMskAramayUkha aura saMskAraprakAza Adi meM samuddhRta vacanoM ke anusAra aMgirA RSi ne paccIsa saMskAra kahe haiN| unameM cauthA viSNubali karma hai tathA kezAnta ko chor3akara vivAha taka ke saMskAra gautama dharmasUtra ke tulya samajhane caahie| pAkayajJoM meM se caitrI karma ko chor3akara pUrvokta paMcamahAyajJa Adi tathA haviryajJoM meM se eka AgrayaNa, do upAkarma aura utsargaaise 25 saMskAra mAne gae haiN|62 teraha saMskAra- jaba hama smRti sUtroM kA avalokana karate haiM, to unameM bhI saMskAroM kI saMkhyA, nAma evaM krama ko lekara vividhatA ke darzana hote hai| manu ke anusAra janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta teraha saMskAra hote haiM jo nimna haiM1.garbhAdhAna 2. puMsavana 3.sImantonnayana 4.jAtakarma 5.nAmadheya 6.niSkramaNa 7.annaprAzana 8.cUDAkarma 9.upanayana 10.kezAnta 11.samAvartana 12.vivAha 13.zmazAna 163 __solaha saMskAra- isake atirikta paravartIkAlIna smRtiyoM meM solaha saMskAroM kI sUcI dI gaI hai| vyAsa smRti ke anusAra ye saMskAra nimna haiM-64 1.garbhAdhAna 2.paMsavana 3.sImanta 4.jAtakarma 5.nAmakaraNa 6.niSkramaNa 7.annaprAzana 8.vapanakriyA (cUDAkarma) 9.karNavedha 10.vratAdeza(upanayana) 11.vedArambha 12.kezAnta 13.snAna (samAvartana) 14.vivAha 15.vivAhAgni parigraha(AvasathyAdhAna) aura 16.tretaagnisNgrh(shrautaadhaan)| isa sUcI meM mana dvArA ullikhita saMskAroM ke sAtha hI karNavedha aura uparyukta aMtima do nAma aura jor3a die gae haiN| jAtUkarNya aura mArkaNDeya smRti ke anusAra solaha saMskAra isa prakAra haiM 65- 1. garbhAdhAna 2. puMsavana 3. sImantonnayana 4. jAtakarma 5. nAmakaraNa

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32...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 6. annaprAzana 7. caula 8. mauMjI 9-12. caturvedavrata 13. godAna(kezAnta) 14. samAvartana 15. vivAha aura 16. anty| yAjJavalkyasmRti ke anusAra solaha saMskAra nimnalikhita haiM 66 1. garbhAdhAna 2. puMsavana 3. spandana 4. jAtakarma 5. nAmakaraNa 6. sUryAvekSaNa(niSkramaNa) 7. annaprAzana 8. cUr3AkaraNa 9. karNavedha 10. brahmasUtropanayana 11. vrata 12. visarjana 13. kezAnta 14. vivAha 15. caturthI karma aura 16. agni saMgraha dasa saMskAra- vaiSNava dharmazAstra meM nimna dasa saMskAroM kA sUcana prApta hotA hai 67- 1. niSeka 2. puMsavana 3. spandana 4. sImantonnayana 5. jAtakarma 6. nAmadheya 7. Adityadarzana 8. annaprAzana' 9. cUr3AkaraNa 10. upnyn| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki gRhyasUtroM, dharmasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM saMskAra karma kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna haiM, yadyapi Adhunika yuga kI paripATI meM solaha saMkhyA nirdhArita kara dI gaI hai| vartamAna meM solaha saMskAra hI lokapriya bane hue haiM tathA ina saMskAroM kI parigaNanA pUrva nirdiSTa zAstroM ke AdhAra para hI kI gaI hai| hindU dharma kI vartamAna paramparA meM mAnya solaha saMskAroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM1. garbhAdhAna 2. puMsavana 3. sImantonnayana(ye tIna saMskAra janma se pUrva ke haiM) 4. jAtakarma 5. nAmakaraNa 6. niSkramaNa 7. annaprAzana 8. cUr3AkaraNa 9. karNavedha (ye chaH saMskAra bAlyAvasthA ke haiM) 10. vidyArambha 11. upanayana 12. vedArambha 13. kezAnta 14. samAvartana (ye pA~ca saMskAra brahmacarya vrata ke samApana evaM vidyArthI jIvana ke sUcaka rUpa meM mAne gae haiM) 15. vivAha saMskAra (gRhastha jIvana ke zubhArambha para kiyA jAne vAlA saMskAra) aura 16. antyeSTi saMskAra (yaha jIvana ke samApana para sampanna kiyA jAtA hai)| ___ yadi hama jaina dharma kI dRSTi se saMskAra karma kI saMkhyA ko lekara vicAra karate haiM to zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM vaidika dharma kI bhA~ti koI matabheda nahIM hai| donoM paramparAoM meM saMskAra karma kI saMkhyA solaha mAnI gaI hai, kevala nAma evaM krama kI dRSTi se vaibhinya hai| yahA~ tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM mAnya solaha saMskAroM kI sUcI prastuta kara rahe haiM jo nizcita rUpa se mananIya hai

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...33 8 12 kraM. | zvetAmbara mAnya saMskAra | digambara mAnya saMskAra| vaidika mAnya saMskAra 1 | garbhAdhAna saMskAra garbhAdhAna saMskAra | garbhAdhAna saMskAra 2 | puMsavana saMskAra prIti saMskAra puMsavana saMskAra 3 | janma saMskAra | suprIti saMskAra sImantonnayana saMskAra 4 | candra sUrya darzana sNskaar| | sImantonnayana saMskAra / | jAtakarma saMskAra 5 |kSIrAzana saMskAra moda saMskAra nAmakaraNa saMskAra 6 | SaSThI saMskAra priyodbhava saMskAra karNavedha saMskAra 7 | zucikarma saMskAra nAmakarma saMskAra niSkramaNa saMskAra | nAmakaraNa saMskAra bahiryAna saMskAra annaprAzana saMskAra 19 | annaprAzana saMskAra niSadhA saMskAra | cUDAkarma saMskAra |10 | karNavedha saMskAra | annaprAzana saMskAra | vidyArambha saMskAra | cUr3AkaraNa(muNDana) saMskAra | varSavarddhana saMskAra upanayana saMskAra | upanayana saMskAra | caula saMskAra vedArambha saMskAra |13 | vidyArambha saMskAra lipisaMkhyAna saMskAra | samAvartana saMskAra 14 | vivAha saMskAra | upanIti saMskAra kezAnta saMskAra 15 | vratAropaNa saMskAra vratAvataraNa saMskAra | vivAha saMskAra 16 antya saMskAra | vivAha saMskAra antyeSTi saMskAra | ___ yadi uparyukta sUcI ke anusAra tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM, to avagata hotA hai ki saMskAra kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM tInoM paramparAe~ ekamata haiM, kintu nAma evaM krama ko lekara kAphI kucha vaibhinya hai| jahA~ taka solaha saMskAroM ke nAma kA prazna hai, to zvetAmbara evaM vaidika paramparA meM kAphI kucha sAmya hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya solaha saMskAroM kI apekSA vaidika paramparA meM sImantonnayana, jAtakarma, niSkramaNa, vedArambha, samAvartana aura kezAnta ye cha: nAma bhinna milate haiM, zeSa krama kI dRSTi se bhinna hone para bhI samatulya haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA mAnya saMskAra nAmoM meM kAphI vividhatA hai| unameM garbhAdhAna, nAmakarma, annaprAzana, upanIti, vratAvataraNa, vivAha aura sImantonnayana-ina sAta nAmoM ko chor3akara zeSa nAma donoM paramparAoM se alaga haiN| jahA~ taka solaha saMskAroM ke krama kA savAla hai, vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM

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34... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana solaha saMskAroM kA jo krama nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, usameM digambara evaM vaidika paramparA kI apekSA kAphI kucha hera-phera hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa pUrvokta sUcI kA avalokana karane se svata: ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM solaha saMskAra sambandhI saMkhyA kI ekarUpatA hote hue bhI nAma evaM krama meM antara hai| jainAgamoM meM saMskAroM kI vikAsa yAtrA , yaha bahuvidita hai ki vizva kI tamAma prAcIna evaM susabhya saMskRtiyoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isa saMskRti ke nirmAtA sAmAnya vyakti nahIM, apitu viziSTa DhaMga se jIvana jIne vAle RSi maharSi the, jinhoMne yoga-sAdhanA ke bala para satyaM zivaM aura sundaraM kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA thaa| hameM apanI saMskRti ke prati gaurava honA caahie| isa saMskRti kA astitva prAcInakAla se lekara adya paryanta yathAvat rahA huA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki kucha na kucha aise pratyakSa yA apratyakSa tattva kAma kara rahe haiM, jinake prabhAva se isa saMskRti kI zreSThatA kAyama hai| vastutaH saMskRti aura saMskAra kA aTUTa sambandha hai| susaMskAroM ke AdhAra para hI sabhya saMskRti kA nirmANa hotA hai| saMskAra ke abhAva meM saMskRti kA astitva vilIna ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahimA satsaMskAroM ke kAraNa hI vidyamAna hai| saMskRti aura saMskAra donoM ekArthavAcI haiN| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se bhI donoM hI zabdoM meM 'sam' upasarga pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu kA vyavahAra hai, ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMskAra aura saMskRti eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| saMskAra prathama caraNa hai aura saMskRti dUsarA / sarvaprathama vyakti ke jIvana meM naitikatA, sAmAjikatA, mAnavIyatA, sauhArdratA Adi guNa rUpa saMskAra banate haiM aura usake bAda hI vaha saMskRtiniSTha vyakti kahalAne kA adhikAra prApta karatA hai| saMskAroM kA janma sahaja nahIM hotA hai, apitu abhyAsa se hotA hai| anavarata abhyAsoparAnta hama kisI kArya ko karane ke AdI hote haiM, tadanantara ve abhyAsa Adata bana jAte haiM / Adata ke pazcAta jaba vaha pravRtti hamArI jIvana zailI meM anusyUta ho jAtI hai, taba use saMskAra kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| phira vaha saMskAra sahaja pravRtti meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| tathya yaha hai ki saMskAra satata

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA ... 35 abhyAsajanya prakriyA hai, kyoMki doSoM kA parizodhana prayAsa pUrvaka hI hotA hai, jabaki svabhAva vyakti kI sahaja kriyA hai ataH saMskAra sahaja rUpa meM hamArI jIvana zailI bane, yahI apekSita hai| saMskAra do prakAra ke hote haiN| isa janma ke saMskAra aura pUrvajanma ke saMskAra / maraNoparAnta bhI saMskAroM kI paramparA janma-janmAntara taka calatI rahatI hai| karma saMskAra kevala vyakti vizeSa ke jIvana se hI sambandhita nahIM hotA, varana usake kuTumba evaM kula para bhI saMskAroM kA amiTa prabhAva par3atA hai, ataH jIvana ke sAtha saMskAroM kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai tathA ye saMskAra bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| vyAvahArika stara para saMskAra ke aneka prakAra kahe jA sakate haiM, lekina vaiyaktika, pArivArika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika stara para solaha prakAra ke saMskAra mAne gae haiN| Aja ke yuga meM ina saMskAroM kA mahattva avazya hI kucha kama ho gayA hai tathApi aba bhI inakI jar3eM sudRr3ha aura dUra taka phailI huI haiN| janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta saMskAroM kI zrRMkhalA kisI na kisI rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| svarUpata: vyakti vizeSa ko susaMskArita, saMyamita evaM sadAcArI banAne ke lie solaha saMskAroM kA AropaNa kiyA jAtA hai / itanA hI nahIM, ina saMskAroM kA AropaNa laukika, Asurika evaM bhautika duSTa zaktiyoM ke nivAraNArtha bhI kiyA jAtA hai| saMskAra AropaNa ke samaya uccarita kie jAne vAle mantra aneka dRSTiyoM se lAbhadAyI hote haiN| unameM vividha prakAra kI prabhAvotpAdaka aura nirodhaka zaktiyA~ nihita hotI haiN| saMskAroM ko saphalatA ke sopAna para pahu~cAne meM mantra evaM usake samyaka prayoga kI mukhya bhUmikA rahatI hai| astu, kisI bhI prakAra kA mantra ho, usakI alaukika zakti sarva prasiddha hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki jaivika aura Atmika surakSA ke lie saMskAra karma kie jAte haiN| dUsarA tathya yaha hai ki jisa vyakti kA saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, cAhe vaha garbhavatI nArI ho yA garbhastha zizu, cAhe vaha bAlaka ho yA yauvanAvasthA ko prApta vyakti, parivAra aura samAja meM usakI garimA bar3ha jAtI hai| use saMyamI, sadAcArI aura susaMskArI kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai| vaha saMskRta vyakti Avazyaka guNoM meM uttarottara vRddhi ko prApta hotA huA asIma U~cAiyoM ko upalabdha kara letA hai| aba prazna hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM ina saMskAroM kA pracalana kaba se hai ?

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36...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ina saMskAroM kA prArambhika svarUpa kyA thA ? inakA kramika vikAsa kisa rUpa meM huA? Agama yuga meM ina saMskAroM kA astitva kisa rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai ? ye saMskAra kitane prAcIna haiM? ina pahaluoM para vicAra karate haiM, to kucha tathya hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| jahA~ taka ina saMskAroM kI prAcInatA kA savAla hai, vahA~ jJAtAdharmakathA, praznavyAkaraNa, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, kalpasUtra Adi meM kucheka saMskAroM kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| isase susiddha hai ki ina saMskAroM kI paramparA AgamayugIna evaM prAcIna hai| jahA~ taka saMskAroM kI saMkhyA aura usake maulika svarUpa kA sambandha hai, vahA~ sarvaprathama bhagavatIsUtra meM dasa ke lagabhaga saMskAroM ko sampAdita karane - karavAne ke ullekha milate haiN| isa grantha meM saMskAroM kA varNana karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki "mahAbala kumAra ke mAtA-pitA ne apanI kula maryAdA kI paramparA ke anusAra garbhAdhAna se janmadina taka ke aura phira kramazaH candra-sUrya darzana, jAgaraNa, nAmakaraNa, ghuTanoM ke bala calanA, pairoM se calanA, annaprAzana ( anna- bhojana kA prArambha karanA), grAsavarddhana (kaura baDhAnA), saMbhASaNa (bolanA sikhAnA), karNavedhana (kAna biMdhAnA ), saMvatsara pratilekhana ( varSagAMTha manAnA), zikhA (coTI) rakhanA aura upanayana saMskAra karanA, ityAdi kautuka kie / ''68 "" yahA~ Age nirdeza hai ki 'jaba mahAbala kumAra ATha varSa se kucha adhika vaya kA ho gayA, taba zubha tithi, zubha karaNa, zubha nakSatra aura zubha muhUrtta meM kalAcArya ke yahA~ par3hane ke lie bhejA | 9' vivAha saMskAra kA ullekha karate hue varNita kiyA hai ki kisI samaya zubha tithi, karaNa, nakSatra aura muhUrta meM mahAbala kumAra ne snAna kiyA, nyauchAvara karane kI kriyA (balikarma) kI, phira use samasta alaMkAroM se vibhUSita kiyA gayA, phira saubhAgyavatI striyoM ke dvArA abhyaMgana, snAna, gIta, vAditra, maNDana, ATha aMgoM para tilaka, lAla Dore ke rUpa meM kaMkaNa baMdhana aura dahI, akSata Adi se maMgala kArya kie tathA uttama kautuka evaM maMgalopacAra ke rUpa meM zAntikarma kie, phira ATha rAjakanyAoM ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karavAyA gyaa| 70" isa prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM dasa se adhika saMskAroM kA spaSTataH ullekha milatA hai| isameM vartamAna pracalita kaI prakAra ke nekAcAra arthAta rIti-rivAja

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...37 jaise- tilaka lagAnA, kaMkaNa bAMdhanA, dahI-akSata Adi ke dvArA mAMgalika zakuna karanA aura maMgalopacAra ke rUpa meM zAntikarma (pApopazamana kriyA) karanA Adi kA bhI isameM nirUpaNa huA hai| isase sUcita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM ina saMskAroM kA apanA maulika astitva bhI rahA hai, cAhe ve lokAcAra ke rUpa meM hI rahe hoN| jaba hama jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra kA anuzIlana karate haiM, to usameM kucha saMskAroM kA ullekha isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai| jaise- 'usa bAlaka ke mAtApitA ne pahale dina jAtakarma (nAla kATanA Adi) kRtya kiyaa| dUsare dina jAgarikA (rAtri jAgaraNa) kiyaa| tIsare dina candra-sUrya kA darzana krvaayaa| bArahaveM dina vipula azana, pAna, khAdima aura svAdima vastue~ taiyAra karavAI tathA svajana-parijana nagarajana-zreSThajana Adi ko saha AmaMtrita kara bhojana karavAyA, unakA vastra, gaMdha, mAlyAdi se satkAra kiyaa| usake bAda dhAriNI ke dohada ke anurUpa guNa niSpanna nAma rkhaa| jaba bAlaka ATha varSa kA huA taba mAtA-pitA ne zubha tithi, zubha karaNa aura zubha muhUrta meM kalAcArya ke pAsa bhejaa|72 yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki isa grantha meM zreNika mahArAjA ke suputra meghakumAra ke janma se sambandhita ye saMskAra kahe gae haiN| jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra/3 meM uparokta saMskAroM kA ullekha dhannA sArthavAha ke suputra devadatta ke sambandha meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| isI ke sAtha sArthavAha ke sapatra devadatta ke antima saMskAra kA bhI pratipAdana huA hai|74 isa prakAra avagata hotA hai ki jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra meM lagabhaga chaha prakAra ke saMskAroM kA ullekha hai| ___ jaba hama praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA avalokana karate haiM, to vahA~ kucha saMskAroM ko zubha muhUrta ke dina karane kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| yahA~ zubha nakSatra Adi ke nAma bhI die gae haiM, kintu isa Agama meM upanayana Adi saMskAroM ko aprazasta mAnA gayA hai|75 ___isase Age bar3hate haiM, to aupapAtikasUtra meM ambar3a ke uttaravartI bhava kA vivecana karate hue kucha saMskAroM ko niSpanna karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaha sUtra pATha isa prakAra hai-"mAtA-pitA pahale dina usa bAlaka kA kulakramAgata putra janmocita anuSThAna kreNge| dUsare dina candra-sUrya darzanikA nAmaka janmotsava kreNge| chaThaveM dina rAtri-jAgarikA kreNge| gyArahaveM dina azuci zodhana vidhAna se

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38...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nivRtta hoNge| isa bAlaka ke garbha meM Ate hI hamArI dhArmika AsthA dRr3ha huI thI, ata: yaha 'dRr3hapratijJa' nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAe-yaha socakara mAtA-pitA ne bArahaveM dina bAlaka kA 'dRr3hapratijJa'-yaha guNAnugata guNa niSpanna nAma rkhaa| jaba mAtA-pitA yaha jAna leMge ki bAlaka ATha varSa se kucha adhika kA ho gayA hai, to use zubha tithi, zubha karaNa, zubha nakSatra evaM zubha muhUrta meM zikSaNa hetu kAlAcArya ke pAsa le jaaeNge|" yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki ukta kathana gautamasvAmI dvArA prazna kie jAne para bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne kahA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya ke sandarbha meM rAjapraznIyasUtra bhI kucha saMskAroM kI carcA karatA hai| ve nimna hai 77- usake mAtA-pitA anukrama se 1. sthitipatitA 2. candra-sUrya darzana 3. dharma-jAgaraNa 4. nAmakaraNa 5. annaprAzana 6. prativardhApana(AzIrvAda-samAroha) 7. caMkramaNa (pairoM calanA aura zabdoccAraNa karanA) 8. karNavedhana 9. saMvatsara pratilekhana aura 10. cUlopanayana(muMDanotsava-jhaDUlA utAranA) Adi tathA anya dUsare bhI bahuta se garbhAdhAna, janma Adi sambandhI utsava bhavya samAroha ke sAtha sampanna kreNge|" isa uddharaNa pATha meM lagabhaga bAraha prakAra ke saMskAroM kA nAmollekha haA hai| uttarakAlIna AcAradinakara Adi meM inameM se sAta saMskAroM ke nAma milate haiM tathA vartamAna meM ina saMskAroM ke nAma pracalita bhI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvAdhika khyAti prApta kalpasUtra meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma prasaMga se sambandhita kucha saMskAroM kA varNana huA hai|78 kalpasUtra kA saMskAra pATha isa rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai-"zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke mAtA-pitA ne bhagavAna ke janmadina se pahale dina kula sthiti kii| tIsare dina candramA aura sUrya ke darzana kraae| chaThaveM dina dharmajAgaraNa kiyaa| gyArahaveM dina azucikarma nivartana kiyaa| bArahaveM dina Ane para vipala mAtrA meM cAroM prakAra kA AhAra taiyAra kiyA tathA apane jAti bAndhavoM, viziSTa mitroM, nagaravAsiyoM Adi ko vidhi pUrvaka bhojana krvaayaa| usake bAda bAlaka kA nAma zrI vardhamAna kumAra rkhaa|" prastuta pAThAMza kA avalokana karane para itanA sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki isameM cAra yA pA~ca saMskAroM ke nAmoM kA hI ullekha hai| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha bhI nirNIta hotA hai ki saMskAroM kA astitva Agamayuga se hai|

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...39 usa kAla meM bhI saMskAra sambandhI Ayojana hote the| yadi hama AgamakAla evaM arvAcInakAla kI pArasparika tulanA kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki jaina Agama sAhitya meM 1. kula sthiti(janma) 2. candra -sUrya darzana 3. nAmakaraNa 4. annaprAzana 5. karNavedhana 6. cUlopanayana 7. garbhAdhAna 8. vidyAdhyayana 9. vivAha 10. antya-isa prakAra kula dasa ke lagabhaga hI saMskAroM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, jabaki AcAradinakara (15vIM zatI) AdipurANa (9 vIM zatI) Adi meM solaha prakAra ke saMskAroM kA vivecana hai| dUsarA tathya yaha smaraNIya hai ki jaina Agama granthoM meM kucha aise saMskAroM kA nAmollekha bhI haA hai jaise- dharmajAgaraNa, prativardhApana, pracaMkramaNa, saMvatsara pratilekhana Adi jinakA arvAcIna granthoM meM kahIM koI vivaraNa nahIM hai tathA vartamAna paramparA meM bhI ve saMskAra pracalana meM nahIM haiN| arthavattA kI dRSTi se ye saMskAra upayogI pratIta hote haiM, taduparAnta inakA vilopa kyoM, kisa sthiti meM huA, yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai| tIsarA tathya, tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yaha jAnane yogya hai ki uparyukta Agama granthoM meM prAya: nirdiSTa saMskAroM kA nAmollekha mAtra hI huA hai| unameM itanA sUcana avazya milatA hai ki ye saMskAra mahotsava pUrvaka sampanna kie gae, kintu una saMskAroM ko sampanna karane kI vidhi kyA thI? usa kAla meM ye saMskAra kisa prakAra niSpanna kie jAte the? unakA maulika svarUpa kyA thA? ityAdi viSayaka koI carcA unameM upalabdha nahIM hai, kevala nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI sAmAnya carcA avazya dekhane ko milatI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye saMskAra kisa prakAra sampanna kie jAte the, tatsambandhI koI varNana Agama yuga taka upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| . isake anantara yadi hama AgametarakAlIna niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM TIkAparaka granthoM kA Alor3ana karate haiM, to unameM bhI saMskAra sambandhI vidhividhAna kI koI vivecanA dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| yadi hama prAcIna aura arvAcIna granthoM ke Aloka meM prastuta viSaya kA zodha karate haiM, to digambara paramparA meM ekamAtra kRti AdipurANa (jinasena racita) meM solaha saMskAroM kA vidhivata svarUpa avazya dekhane ko milatA hai, parantu vaha vivaraNa ati saMkSepa meM hai| sAtha hI isa paramparA meM saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kA nirUpaNa karane

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40...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vAlA ekamAtra yahI grantha upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI bhI kucha aisI sthiti hai| isa paramparA meM bhI saMskAra viSayaka vidhi-vidhAnoM kI vivecanA karane vAlA ekamAtra grantha AcAradinakara hai| isa AdhAra para hama yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki AdipurANa aura AcAradinakaraye donoM grantha prastuta viSaya kI apekSA se Adi evaM antima grantha haiM, kintu isa viSaya meM itanA avazya dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki pUrvokta solaha saMskAroM meM se vratAropaNa evaM antya-ye do saMskAra kaI granthoM meM carcita hue haiN| vartamAna paramparA meM bhI anya saMskAroM kI apekSA ye donoM saMskAra vizeSa rUpa se pracalita haiM, ata: prArambha ke caudaha saMskAroM ke viSaya meM hI pUrvokta kathana svIkAranA hogaa| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMskAra mAnava jIvana nirmANa evaM samyaka nirdezana kA eka Avazyaka vidhAna hai| isake mAdhyama se mAnava samAja meM ucca evaM naitika AdarzoM kI sthApanA hotI hai| pArasparika sambandhoM meM majabUtI AtI hai| vibhinna staroM para maulika mUlyoM kI sthApanA hotI hai isI kAraNa kisI na kisI rUpa meM samAja ke hara varga meM saMskAroM kI aham bhUmikA dekhI jAtI hai jinakA spaSTIkaraNa Age ke adhyAyoM meM kreNge| sandarbha-sUcI 1. saMskRta hindI koza, vAmana zivarAma ApTe, pR.105 2. koSItakI, 2/6 3. chAndogya, 4/16/2-4 4. bRhadAraNyaka, 6/3/1 5. saMskAra aMka, janavarI 2006, pR. 155 6. avidyA, saMskAra, vijJAna, nAmarUpa, SaDAyatana, sparza, vedanA, tRSNA, upAdAna, bhava, jAti aura jraa-mrnn| 7. nisIrga saMskAra vinIta ityAsau nRpeNa cakre yuvarAja shbdbhaak| raghuvaMza- 3/35 8. saMskAra vatyeva girA manISI tathA sa pUtazca vibhUSitazca kumArasaMbhava- 1/28 9. prayukta saMskAra ivAdhika bbhau| raghuvaMza- 3/8 10. svabhAvasuMdaraM vastu na sNskaarmpeksste| zAkuntala- 7/33 11. saMskArajanyaM jJAnaM smRtiH| tarkasaMgraha 12. kAryaH zarIrasaMskAraH pAvana: pretya ceha c| manusmRti 2/26

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...41 13. saMskAra aMka, janavarI 2006, pR. 164 14. jaina AcAra: siddhAta aura svarUpa, pR. 22 15. saMskAra aMka, janavarI 2006, pR. 176 16. vahI 17. carakasaMhitA, vimAna-1/27 18. saMskAra aMka, pR. 173 19. brahmasUtra bhASya, 1/1/4 20. SoDazasaMskAra vivecana, zrIrAmazarmA AcArya, pR. 1/27 21. saMskAra aMka, pR. 177 22. vahI, pR. 176 23. vahI, pR. 173 24. Sor3aza saMskAra vivecana, zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, pra. 1/4 para AdhArita 25. vahI, pR. 1/16 26. vahI, pR. 1/16 para AdhArita 27. vahI, pR. 1/2 para AdhArita 28. uddhRta vahI, pR. 1/3 29. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, pR. 2/1/20 30. hindUsaMskAra, DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, pR. 29 31. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/16/19 32. vahI, 1/16/20 33. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 30 34. vahI, pR. 31 35. gobhilagRhyasUtra, pR. 2/7/1 36. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/13/2 37. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/14/3 38. zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/15/5, uddhRta-hindUsaMskAra, pR. 33 39. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 35 40. vahI, pR. 35 41. vahI, pR. 36

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42...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 42. vahI, pR. 37 43. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, pR. 1/16 44. yajurvedasaMhitA, anu.-Ara.TI.ec.griphitha, 40/11 45. saMskAra aMka, janavarI 2006, pR. 167 SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, pR. 1/28 47. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, a.-1, kaM.-7, sU.-3-8, 1/13/2-7, 1/14/1-9, 1/ 15/1-3, 1/15, 1/17/1-18, 1/16/1-9, 1/19/1-13, 1/21/1-7, 4/ 1/14-16 48. garbhAdhAnaM puMsavanaM, sImanto jAtakarma ca / nAmakriyA niSkramo'nnaprAzanaM vapanakriyA / / karNavedho vratAdezo, vedArambha kriyaavidhiH| kezAntaH snAnamudvAho vivaahaagniprigrhH|| pAraskaragRhyasUtra, gadAdharabhASya,pR. 269 49. baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, pra. 1, a. 1-6, sU.-1-26, 1/7/1-48, 1/9/1-6, 1/ ____ 10/1-17, 2/1/1-22, 2/1/23-31, 2/2/1-13 2/3/1-6, 2/4/1-20, 2/5/1-72, 2/6/1-30 50. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 22 51. vahI, pR. 22 52. khAdiragRhyasUtra, pR. 18-35, 36, 56-58-59, 62, 63, 66, 70 (ka) prathama garbhe tRtIye mAsi puNsvnN| 2/2/17 (kha) athAsyAzcaturthemAsi, SaSThe vA siimntonnynm|- 2/2/24 (ga) tRtIye varSe caulm| 2/3/16 53. laukika: pAvako magniH, prathamaH prikiirtitH| agnistu mArUto nAma, garbhAdhAne vijIyate / / 2 / / puMsavane cAndramasaH, zuMgA karmaNi shobhn:| sImAnte maMgalo nAma, pragalbho jAta krmnni||3|| nAmnI ca pArthivo hyagniH, prAzane ca zucistathA sabhyanAmA'tha cUr3e tu, vratAdeze samudbhavaH / / 4 / / godAne sUryyanAmAtu, kezAnte hyAgnirUcyate vaizvAnaro visargetu, vivAhe yojakaH smRtaH / / 5 / / gobhilaputrakRta gRhyasaMgraha

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA... 43 54. yajJodAnaM tapazcaiva pAvanAni mniissinnaam| 55. saMskArArthaM shriirsy| manusmRti, 2/66, baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, 18/5 56. grbhaadhaanpuNsvnsiimntonnynjaatkrmnaamkrnnaannpraashncaulopnynm| 57. catvArivedavratAni / vahI, 8/14 58. vahI, 8/15 59. vahI, 8/16 60. vahI, 8/17 gautamadharmasUtra, a. 8, sU. 13, pR. 127 61. vahI, 8/18-19, ATha mUlaguNa- 8/20 62. SoDazasaMskAravidhi, pR. 2 63. manusmRti, 2/16, 26, 29, 3/1, 4 64. vedavyAsasmRti, 1/13-15 65. saMskAra aMka, janavarI 2006, pR. 139 66. yAjJavalkyasmRtiH, zloka - 11-12, pR. 4 67. vaiSNava dharmazAstra, a. 27 68. taeNaM tassa mahabbalassa dAragassa ammApiyaro aNupuvveNaM ThiivaDiyaM vA caMdasUra daMsAvaNiyaM vA jAgariyaM vA nAmakaraNaM va paraMgAmaNaM vA paMcakAmaNaM vA pajemAmaNaM vA piMDavaddhaNaM vA, aNNANi ya bahUNi gabbhAdhANaM jammaNamAdi yAiM kouyAI kareMti / bhagavatI - aMgasuttANi, 11/11/155 69. taeNaMtaM mahabbalaM kumAraM ammApiyaro sAtiregaTThavAsagaM jANittA sobhaNaMsi tihi karaNa- nakkhatta muhuttaMsi kalAyariyassa uvarNeti / bhagavatI - aMgasuttANi, 11/11/156 70. tae NaM taM mahabbalaM kumAraM ammApiyaro aNNayA kayAi sobhaNaMsi tihi - karaNa divasa-nakkhatta-muhuttaMsi NhAyaM kayabalikammaM kaya kouya-maMgala-payacchittaM savvAlaMkAra vibhUsiyaM pamakkhaNaga- NhANa- gIya-vAiya-pasAhaNa aTThagatilagakaMkaNa-avihavabahuuvaNIyaM maMgala sujapiehi ya varakouyamaMgalovayAra- kayasaMtikammaM sarisiyANaM saritta yANaM sarivvayANaM sarisalAvaNNa-rUva-jovvaNaguNovaveyANaM viNIyANaM kayakouyamaMgalapAyacchittANaM sarisaehiM rAyakulehiMto ANilliyANaM aTThaNhaM rAyavarakannANaM egadivaseNaM pANiM ginnhaaviNsu| bhagavatI - aMgasuttANi, 11/11/158

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44...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 71. taeNaM tassa ammApiyaro paDhame divase jAtakammaM karenti, karittA vitiyadivase jAgariyaM karenti, karittA tatiyAdivase caMdasUradaMsaNiyaM karenti, karitA evAmeva nivvate asuijAtakammakaraNe saMpatte bArasAhadivaso vipulaM asaNaM pANaM khAimaM sAimaM uvakkhaDAventi ............. seNAvaisatthavAha-dUya-saMdhivAle) aamNteti| jJAtAdharmakathA-aMgasuttANi, 1/936 72. jimiyabhuttuttarA gayAvi ya NaM samANA AyaMtA cekkhA paramasuibhUyA taM mitta-nAi niyama sayaNa-saMbaMdhi-pariyaNaM balaM ca bahave gaNanAyaga jAva saMdhivAle vipuleNaM puppha. gaMdha mallAlaMkAreNaM sakkAreMti sammANati, sakkArettA sammANettA evaM vayAsI .... ............ .................. goNNaM guNanipphaNNaM nAdhejjaM kareMti jJAtAdharmakathA-agasuttANi, 1/81 73. tae NaM taM mehaM kumAraM ammApiyaro sAiregaTThavAsajAeMgaM ceva sohaNaMsi tihi karaNa-muhattaMsi kalAyariyassa uvnneti| jJAtAdharmakathA-aMgasuttANi, 2/84 74. tae NaM se dhaNe satthavAhe mitta-niyaga-sayaNa-saMbaMdhi-pariyaNeNaM saddhiMroyamANe kaMdamANe. vilavamANe devadinnassa dAragassa sarIrassa mahayA iDDhI sakkArasamudaeNaM nIharaNaM kareti, karettA bahUI loiyAiM mayagakiccAI kareti karettA keNai kAlaMtareNaM avagayasoe jAe yAvi hotthaa| jJAtAdharmakathA-aMgasuttANi, 2/34 75. uvaNayaNaM colagaM vivAho janno amugammi hou divasesa, karaNes, muhattesu nakkhattesu tihimmi yA praznavyAkaraNa-aMgasuttANi, a.-2, sU.-13 76. tae NaM tassa dAragassa ammApiyaro paDhame divase ThiivaDiyaM kAhiMti, biiyadivase caMdasUradaMsaNiyaM kAhiti, chaThe divase jAgariyaM kAhiMti, ekkArasame divase vIikkaMte Nivvatte asuijAekammakaraNe saMpatte bArasAhe divase ammApiyaro imaM eyArUvaM goNNaM, guNaNipphaNNaM NAmadhejjaM kahiMti................... NAmadhejjaM karehiti dddhpinnnntti| taM daDha paiNNaM dAragaM ammApiyaro sAiregaTThavAsajAegaM jANittA sobhaNaMsi tihi karaNa-divasa-Nakkhatta muhattaMsi kalAyariyassa uvnnehiti| aupapAtikasUtra, madhukaramuni, sU.-105, 106 77. tae NaM tassa ammApiyaro aNupuvveNaM ThitivaDiyaM ca caMdasUriyadarisaNaM ca dhammajAgariyaM ca nAmadhijjakaraNaM ca pajemaNagaM ca paDivaddhAvaNagaM ca paMcakamaNagaM ca kannavehaNa ca saMvaccharapaDilehaNagaM ca cUlovaNayaM ca annANi ya bahUNi

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saMskAroM kA mUlya aura unakI arthavattA...45 gabbhAhANa jammaNAiyAiM mahayA iDhDIsakkAra samudaeNaM krissNti| rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni, sU.-280 78. tae NaM samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro paDhame divase ThiivaDiyaM kareMti, taie divase caMdasurassa daMsaNiyaM kariti, cha8 divase jAgariyaM kareMti ekkArasame divase viikkaMte nivvattie asuijAta kammakaraNe saMpatte bArasAhadivase viDalaM asaNapANakhAimasAimaM uvakkhaDAviMti, uvarattA ............ AsAemANA visAemANA paribhuMjemANA paribhAemANA vihrNti| kalpasUtra, sU.-101

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adhyAya - 2 garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa bhAratIya paramparA meM saMskAroM kI viziSTa mahattA rahI hai| isameM bhI garbhAdhAna saMskAra ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai kyoMki yaha anya saMskAroM kI nIMva ke rUpa meM kArya karatA hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA tAtparya garbha sthApanA karane sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM se hai| solaha saMskAroM meM prathama saMskAra garbhAdhAna kA mAnA gayA hai| isa saMskAra se vIrya sambandhI tathA garbha sambandhI doSoM kA mArjana aura kSetra kA saMskAra hotA hai| vidhi pUrvaka yaha saMskAra karane se acchI aura suyogya saMtAna utpanna hotI hai| mUlata: garbhAdhAna ke samaya strI-puruSa jisa bhAva se bhAvita hote haiM, usakA prabhAva unake raja-vIrya para bhI par3atA hai| usa raja-vIrya se utpanna saMtAna meM bhI vaise hI bhAva prakaTa hote haiM ata: garbhAdhAna zubha muhUrta meM kiyA jAtA hai| isa vidhAna se kAmukatA kA damana aura zubha bhAvApanna mana kA sampAdana hotA hai, isalie yaha saMskAra garbhAvAsa Adi kI malinatA ke nivRtyArtha evaM usake zodhanArtha garbhiNI kA kiyA jAtA hai|' garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA zAbdika artha ___ garbha + AdhAna ina do padoM ke mela se garbhAdhAna zabda kA nirmANa huA hai| garbha ko sthApita karanA garbhAdhAna kahalAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra isakA mUlArtha garbha sthApanA karanA nahIM hai, apitu sthApita garbha kA saMrakSaNa aura use susaMskArita karanA hai| digambara paramparA evaM vaidika paramparA meM isakA zAbdika artha-garbha kA sthApana karanA aisA kiyA hai| eka dRSTi se garbhAdhAna saMskAra ko niSpanna karane kA artha yaha hai ki dampatti apanI prajanana pravRtti se samAja ko sUcita karate haiM, kyoMki prajanana-kriyA vaiyaktika manoraMjana nahIM, varana sAmAjika uttaradAyitva hai, isalie samAja ke buddhimAna logoM ko nimantrita kara unakI sahamati lenA Avazyaka hai| yadi ve

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ...47 loga dampatti ko isake lie anupayukta samajheM, to unheM isake lie manA bhI kara sakate haiN| yaha samAja kI dharohara hai, ata: vicArazIla logoM ke dvArA apanI prajanana-pravRtti se samAja ko sUcita karanA garbhAdhAna saMskAra hai| vividha pariprekSyoM meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI AvazyakatA yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki garbhAdhAna saMskAra sampanna karane kA mUla kAraNa kyA rahA hogA? isa viSaya meM yadi gambhIratA pUrvaka ciMtana kareM to nimna tathya prakaTa hote haiM- pUrvakAla meM yaha sAmAnya mAnyatA thI ki garbhiNI ko amaMgalakArI zaktiyA~ grasita kara sakatI haiM aura jisake kAraNa garbha ko hAni pahu~ca sakatI hai, ata: duSTa zaktiyoM se bacAva karane ke lie yaha saMskAra sampAdita kiyA jAtA ho| isake sAtha hama yaha bhI mAna sakate haiM ki garbha ko maMtroccAra evaM vidhi-vidhAnoM dvArA saMskArita karane kI dRSTi se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hogaa| vyavahArataH prazikSaNa ke lie garbhAvasthA kA kAla sarvAdhika mahattva kA mAnA gayA hai| garbhastha bAlaka ko die gae saMskAra usake lie svabhAvagata bana jAte haiN| dUsarA kAraNa garbhastha bAlaka bahuta hI saMvedanazIla hotA hai, ata: usako die gae saMskAra zIghra hI prabhAvI hote haiN| isa apekSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA ho-aisA bhI kaha sakate haiN| vastuta: bAlaka ke nirmANa kI prakriyA garbhAdhAna se prArambha ho jAtI hai jaise makAna nirmANa se pahale usakI yojanA banAkara usake lie apekSita uttama prakAra kI sAmagrI kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai, usI taraha hI uttama saMtAna kI prApti ke lie usake upAdAna rUpa raja-vIrya kA uttama koTi kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| carakasaMhitA meM ukta bAta ko nimna prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai 2. jisa prakAra acchA yA burA bIja boe jAne para phala bhI vaisA hI milatA hai jaise- vrIhi ko bone se vrIhi aura jau ko bone se jau utpanna hotA hai, vaise hI strI-puruSa kA raja-vIrya jaisA hogA, vaisI hI zubhAzubha saMtAna kI prApti hotI hai| __garbhAdhAna saMskAra bAlaka ko suyogya banAne kA saMskAra hai, isalie yaha saMskAra karate samaya dharma kA bhAva yathAvata banA rahanA caahie| sAtha hI garbhAdhAna kI kriyA ke samaya mAtA-pitA ke mana kA svastha evaM dharmAnvita honA atyanta

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48... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka hai, kyoMki garbhAdhAna ke samaya mAtA-pitA kI zArIrika tathA mAnasika sthiti jitanI zuddha aura pavitra hotI hai, bAlaka kA zarIra aura mana bhI vaisA hI banatA hai| isI ko lakSya kara suzrutasaMhitA meM likhA gayA hai-strIpuruSa jisa prakAra ke AhAra-vihAra aura ceSTA Adi se yukta hokara paraspara samAgama karate haiM, saMtAna bhI vaisI hI hotI hai| ataeva strI - -puruSa ko saMtAnotpatti ke lie garbhAdhAna meM sarvathA nirdoSa hokara pravRtta honA caahie| isa taraha garbhAdhAna eka atyadhika mahattvapUrNa evaM prabhAvotpAdaka saMskAra hai| itihAsa meM AtA hai ki apane samAna guNa yukta saMtAna utpanna karane ke lie sapatnIka zrIkRSNa ne badarikAzrama meM bAraha varSa taka tapa kiyA thaa| isa tapa ke kAraNa unheM pradyumna jaisA putra prApta huA, jo zrIkRSNa ke samAna hI thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki apekSita guNoM se yukta saMtAna utpanna karane ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| itihAsa ke pRSThoM para abhimanyu ko garbhAvasthA meM hI cakravyUha tor3ane kA jJAna pitA arjuna dvArA garbhastha mAtA ko sunAte hue prApta hone kI kathA ullekhita hai aura cakravyUha se bAhara nikalane kI bAta sunate hue mAtA ke so jAne ke kAraNa abhimanyu ko isakA jJAna nahIM ho sakA tathA vahI abhimanyu kI mRtyu kA kAraNa bhI bnaa| isa udAharaNa se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki garbhastha zizu para bAharI vAtAvaraNa kA amiTa prabhAva par3atA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki garbhastha zizu ko saMskArita karane ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA eka prayojana dhArmika pakSa meM vivAha kI pUrNatA ko vyakta karanA bhI rahA hai| strI kA garbha dhAraNa pratyeka parivAra meM sukhada evaM AhlAdakAraka hotA hai, kyoMki nArI kI mahattA mAtRtva meM hI hai| sRSTi ke vikAsa krama ko banAe rakhane vAle isa saMskAra kI pavitratA ko puSTa karane kI dRSTi se tathA digambara evaM vaidika paramparA mAnya santAna prApti ke lie yaha saMskAra avazyameva kiyA jAnA cAhie | 4 niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika - ina tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha garbhAdhAna saMskAra viziSTa prayojana pUrvaka jAti evaM kula paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie sampanna kiyA jAtA hai /

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ...49 saMskAroM kA prArambha garbhAdhAna se kyoM? yaha rahasya bharA prazna hai ki Akhira saMskAroM kA prArambha janma se na hokara garbhAdhAna se hI kyoM kiyA gayA hai? isa pahalU para gaharAI se cintana kiyA jAe to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa sRSTi ke mUla meM vIrya aura raja-do pramukha tatva haiN| ye vIrya-raja jitane zuddha hote haiM, santati bhI utanI hI zuddha hotI haiN| saMskArI mAtA-pitA ke vizuddha vIrya evaM raja se susaMskRta santAna kA janma hotA hai-isa tathya ko pUrvajoM ne bhalIbhA~ti anubhUta kiyA, etadartha saMskAroM kA prArambha garbhAdhAna se kiyA gayA hai| puruSa-strI ke rajovIrya kA mizraNa hone se garbhAdhAna hotA hai puruSa ke vIrya aura strI ke raja meM anAdi rUpa jIva pUrva se hI vidyamAna hai, kintu anekAneka prAkRtika evaM Agantuka doSoM ke kAraNa usakI zuddhAvasthA meM vikAra utpanna ho jAtA hai| ina vikAroM ke parimArjana ke lie garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA kAraNa-Amataura para yahI mAnA jAtA hai ki mRtyu jIvana ko nigala jAtI hai| jIva kA astitva tabhI taka rahatA hai, jaba taka ki mRtyu usake pAsa nahIM A sakatI, kintu garbhAdhAna eka aisI paramparA hai, jisameM jIvana vijayI banatA hai| aise hI aneka kAraNa haiM, jinase saMskAroM kA prArambha garbhAdhAna se kiyA jAnA upayogI siddha hotA hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ko karavAne kA adhikArI jaina-brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko kahA gayA hai| yahA~ jaina-brAhmaNa kA artha arhat maMtra se upanIta huA brAhmaNa hai evaM kSullaka zabda kA tAtparya brahmacarya Adi kI viziSTa sAdhanA se yukta sAdhaka se hai| sAmAnyatayA jisane tIna varSa taka vizuddha brahmacarya kA pAlana kiyA ho, usake bAda tIna varSa kI avadhi ke lie do karaNa aura tIna yoga pUrvaka paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana kA niyama le liyA ho, aise vyakti ko kSullaka kahA gayA hai aura use hI saMskAra-karma karane kA adhikArI mAnA hai| ____ AcAradinakara meM jaina brAhmaNa ko 'gRhastha guru' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai aura gRhasthoM ke prAyaH sabhI saMskAra gRhastha guru hI sampanna karatA hai| isa grantha meM gRhastha guru ke lakSaNa batalAte hue yaha kahA hai ki vaha saMskAra sampanna karate

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50...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana samaya snAna kiyA huA, coTI bAMdhA huA, upavIta aura uttarAsaMga ko dhAraNa kiyA huA, zveta vastra pahanA huA, paMcakakSA dhAraNa kiyA huA, mastaka para caMdana kA tilaka lagAyA huA, dAhine hAtha meM svarNa kI aMgUThI pahanA huA, darbha sahita kausumbha kaMkaNa dhAraNa kiyA huA, rAtri meM brahmacarya kA pAlana kiyA huA tathA usa dina upavAsa, AyaMbila, nIvi yA ekAsana Adi kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA huA honA caahie| AcArya vardhamAnasari ne gRhastha guru ke nimna lakSaNa bhI batAe haiM-jo zAnta ho, jitendriya ho, maunI ho, dRr3hasamyaktvI ho, arihanta paramAtmA aura sAdhu kI bhakti karane vAlA ho, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ko jItane meM prayatnazIla ho, kulIna ho, sarva zAstroM kA jJAtA ho, avirodhI ho, dayAlu ho, samadRSTi vAlA ho, dharma meM drar3ha ho, sarala ho, vinIta ho, buddhimAna ho, kSamAvAna ho, kRtajJa ho, dravya aura bhAva se pavitra ho| ina guNoM se sampanna gRhastha guru saMskAra niSpanna karavAne kA pUrNa adhikArI hotA hai| digambara paramparA meM saMskAra karavAne kA yogya adhikArI use kahA gayA hai, jo vidyAe~ siddha kara cukA hai, sapheda vastra pahanA huA hai, yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA huA hai aura zAnta hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMskAra karavAne yogya vyakti ke sambandha meM kAphI matabheda haiN| sAmAnyata: pati ko hI saMskArakartA ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra eka prahara rAtri ke bAda pati ke dvArA zayana sthAna para kiyA jAtA hai tathA pati kI anupasthiti meM usakA koI bhI pratinidhi vaha saMskAra sampanna karavA sakatA hai| prAcInakAla meM niyogaprathA pracalita thI, kyoMki kula paramparA ko banAe rakhane ke lie aura laukika-pAralaukika kriyAkarma ke lie santati kA honA Avazyaka thaa| vaidika-sAhitya meM aise kaI prasaMga milate haiM ki eka vidhavA apane devara ko santati utpanna karane ke lie Amantrita karatI hai| kAlAntara meM jaba pArivArika pavitratA sambandhI vicAroM kA mahattva bar3hane lagA, taba santati-prApti gRhastha kA anAvazyaka aMga ho gyaa| usa sthiti meM pati kA pratinidhitva karane vAle vyakti kA sthAna upekSita-sA ho gayA aura antata: usakA sarvathA niSedha bhI ho gyaa| mUlata: pracalita paramparA meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA adhikArI pati hI mAnA gayA hai| kadAcita usakI anupasthiti ho to

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ... 51 usake kula kA koI vyakti yA anya kula kA mitra yaha saMskAra sampanna karavA sakatA hai| suspaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM saMskAra kA kartA gRhastha guru yA kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai aura saMskAra niSpanna karate samaya pati kI upasthiti Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai jabaki vaidika paramparA meM saMskAra kA mUla kartA pati ko hI svIkArA gayA hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra karavAne yogya zubha muhUrtta vicAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra yadA-kadA na karake jisa dina zubha tithi ho, ravi, soma, budha, guru Adi zubha vAra ho; zravaNa, hasta, punarvasu, mUla, puSya, mRgazirA Adi zubha nakSatra ho tathA pati kA candra balavAna ho, usa dina yaha saMskAra sampanna karanA cAhie | 10 digambara paramparA ke arvAcIna granthoM meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra ke lie nimna nakSatra Adi zubha mAne gae haiN| nakSatra - azvinI, rohiNI, punarvasu, puSya, zravaNa, uttarAphAlgunI, uttarASADhA, uttarA bhAdrapada, mRgazirA, hasta, anurAdhA, svAti, zatabhiSA, dhaniSThA, citraa| tithiyA~- dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI, saptamI, dazamI, ekAdazI, dvAdazI, trayodazI, vAra-soma, budha, guru, shukr| ina nakSatra Adi ke dinoM meM saMskAra karane ko zubha mAnA hai| vaidika paramparA meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra hetu amAvasyA, pUrNimA, aSTamI, caturdazI - ye tithiyA~, mUla evaM maghA nakSatra tathA kucha mAsa azubha mAne gae haiM, 12 kintu kina zubha dina Adi meM yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAnA cAhie, tatsambandhI koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai / yahA~ phalita hotA hai ki tInoM paramparAe~ apane-apane mAnya granthoM ke anusAra isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke lie zubha dina Adi kA honA anivArya rUpa se svIkAra karatI haiM tathA zubha muhUrtta meM kiyA gayA saMskAra santAna kI prApti evaM use susaMskRta banAne ke lie viziSTa bhUmikA arjita karatA hai / garbhAdhAna hetu kAla vicAra isa saMskAra ke lie zubha dina Adi kA honA jitanA jarUrI hai, usase bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa yaha hai ki yaha saMskAra kaba, kisa mAsa yA varSa meM kiyA jAnA cAhie?

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52...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbha dhAraNa ke pazcAt pA~cavAM mAsa pUrNa hone para kie jAne kA nirdeza hai|13 digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra mAsika dharma ke caturtha dina, caturtha snAna se zuddha hone para kie jAne kA ullekha hai| dharma kI dRSTi se pA~caveM dina zubha muhUrtAdi meM karane kA varNana hai|14 vaidika paramparA meM tatsambandhI aneka mata haiN| sAmAnyatayA, isa bAta meM sabhI dharma zAstroM kA ekamata hai ki jaba patnI garbhadhAraNa ke lie zArIrika rUpa se samartha ho, tabhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA cAhie, yadyapi zaMkhAyana gRhyasUtra meM vivAha kI tIna rAta ke uparAnta cauthI rAta ko yaha saMskAra karane ke lie kahA gayA hai|15 mana evaM yAjJavalkyasmRti meM Rtu dharma kI cauthI rAtri se lekara solahavIM rAtri taka kA samaya garbha dhAraNa ke lie upayukta mAnA gayA hai|16 gobhilagRhyasUtra ke anusAra jisa dina azuddha rakta kA pravAha rUka jAe, usa dina garbhAdhAna saMskAra kara lenA caahie|17 isa prakAra aneka mata dRSTigata hote haiN| isake sAtha hI vaidika paramparA meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra ke lie rAtri kA kAla ucita mAnA hai aura dina ke kAla kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|18 isakA yaha kAraNa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki dina meM saMbhoga karane vAle puruSa kA prANa vAyu adhika teja calatA hai ata: yaha saMskAra karma rAtri kAla meM vihita karanA caahie| garbhAdhAna saMskAra meM prayukta sAmagrI __zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke lie nimna sAmagrI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai arthAta yaha saMskAra karate samaya nirdiSTa vastuoM kA honA anivArya hai ___ 1. paMcAmRtasnAtra 2. sabhI tIrthoM kA jala 3. sahasramUlacUrNa 4. darbha 5. do kausuMbhasUtra 6. dravya-rupae, paise Adi 7. kama se kama pA~ca phala 8. pA~ca prakAra kA naivedya 9. do akhaMDa vastra 10. eka zubha Asana 11. eka zubha paTTa 12. svarNa, tAmra Adi ke pAtra 13. vAdiMtra 14. saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~ aura garbhavatI kA pati 15. saMskAra sampanna karAne vAlA gRhastha guru|19 digambara evaM vaidika paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra sampanna karate samaya kina-kina vyaktiyoM aura vastuoM kI AvazyakatA honI cAhie? isa sambandha

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ...53 meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hai, lekina ina paramparAoM meM yaha vidhi jisa prakAra se kI jAtI hai, usake AdhAra para Avazyaka sAmagrI kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI zAstrokta vidhi zvetAmbara - vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra karane kI vidhi isa prakAra kahI gaI hai 20 * sarvaprathama pUrvokta guNa sampanna gRhastha guru garbhAdhAna karma karane se pahale garbhavatI strI ke pati kI anumati prApta kre| * garbhavatI strI kA pati sampUrNa zarIra kI zuddhi kare, zuddha vastroM ko pahane, phira nija varNAnusAra uttarIya evaM uttarAsana ko dhAraNa kre| * phira arihanta bimba kI bRhat snAtrapUjA kare / usa snAtrajala ko pavitra bartana meM rkhe| * usake bAda zAstra - vidhi ke anusAra gaMdha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpaka, naivedya dvArA aSTaprakArI pUjA kre| * pUjA ke anta meM gRhastha guru saubhAgyavatI nAriyoM ke hAthoM se garbhavatI strI ko snAtrajala se siMcita kraae| * tadanantara pavitra jalAzayoM ke jala ko eka pAtra meM ekatrita karake usameM sahasramUla cUrNa ko prakSepita kre| phira usa cUrNa mizrita jala ko zAntidevI ke mantra21 dvArA athavA zAMtidevI ke maMtra garbhita stotra dvArA sAta bAra abhimaMtrita kre| vaha mantra nimna hai - "OM namo nizcitavacase bhagavate pUjAmarhate jayavate yazasvine, yatisvAmine sakala-mahAsaMpattisamanvitAya trailokyapUjitAya sarvAsurAmara - svAmi saMpUjitAya ajitAya bhuvanajanapAlanodyatAya sarvaduritaugha- nAzanakarAya sarvAzivaprazamanAya duSTagrahabhUti pizAcazAkinI pramathanAya, yasyeti nAmamaMtrasmaraNa tuSTA bhagavatI tatpadabhaktA vijayAdevI / OM hrI~ namaste bhagavati vijaye jaya-jaya pare parApare jaye ajite aparAjite jayAvahe sarvasaMghasya bhadrakalyANamaMgalaprade, sAdhunAM zivatuSTipuSTiprade, jaya-jaya bhavyAnAM kRtasiddhe sattvAnAM nirvRttinirvANajanani abhayaprade svastiprade bhavikAnAM jantUnAM zubhapradAnAya nityodyate samyagdRSTinAM, dhRtiratimatibuddhiprade jinazAsanaratAnAM zAntipraNatAnAM janAnAM zrI saMpatkIrtiyazovarddhini, salilAt rakSa rakSa anilAt rakSa rakSa, viSadharebhyo rakSa rakSa, rAkSasebhyo rakSa rakSa, ripugaNebhyo rakSa rakSa, mArIbhyo rakSa rakSa, caurebhyo rakSa rakSa, itibhyo rakSa rakSa, zvApadebhyo rakSa rakSa, zivaM kurU kurU zAntiM

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54...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kurU kurU, tuSTiM kurU kurU, puSTiM kurU kurU, bhagavatI, guNavatI, janAnAM ziva zAnti tuSTi puSTi svasti kurU-kurU OM namo-namo hU yaH kSa: hrIM phaT phaT svaahaa| U~ namo bhagavate'rhate zAnti svAmine sakalAtizeSaka mahAsaMpatsamanvitAya, trailokyapUjitAya, namaH zAntidevAya, sarvAmarasamUhasvAmisaMpUjitAya, bhuvanapAlanodyatAya, sarvaduritavinAzanAya sarvAziva prazamanAya, sarvaduSTagraha-bhUtapizAca-mAriDAkinI pramathanAya, namo bhagavati vijaye, ajite, aparAjite jayanti jayAvahe sarvasaMghasya bhadrakalyANa- maMgalapradesAdhunAM zivazAnti tuSTipuSTi svastiprade bhavyAnAM siddhivRddhi nivRttinirvANajanani sattvAnAmabhayapradAnanirate, bhaktAnAM zubhAvahe, samyagdRSTinAM dhRtiratimativRddhi pradAnodyate, jinazAsananiratAnAM zrI saMpatkIrtiyazovaddhini, rogajalajvalanaviSaviSadharaduSTajvaravyantararAkSasari-pumAri cauratizvApadopasargAdi-bhayebhyo rakSa rakSa, zivaM kurU kurU zAntiM kurU kurU tuSTiM kurU puSTiM kurU kurU svastiM kurU kurU bhagavati zrI zAntituSTipuSTi svasti kurU kurU OM namo namaH hUM: haH yaH kSaH hI phaT svaahaa|" * tatpazcAta sadhavA striyA~ usa abhimaMtrita jala dvArA garbhavatI strI ko snAna kraaeN| * usake bAda sugaMdhita vastuoM kA usa para anulepana kareM, akhaNDa vastra pahanAeM, yathAyogya AbhUSaNa dhAraNa krvaaeN| * phira pati ke sAtha vastrAMcala se granthibaMdhana22 krvaaeN| * phira pati ke bAIM ora zubha Asana para svastika banAkara garbhavatI ko usa para bitthaaeN| * usake bAda gRhastha guru paTTa para baiThakara tIrthodaka dvArA, kuzAgra ke patte se garbhavatI kA siMcana kre| vaha siMcana-kriyA sAta bAra kare tathA usa samaya gRhastha guru Arya maMtra kA uccAraNa kre| * usake bAda gRhastha guru dampatti sahita jina-pratimA ke nikaTa jAe aura zakrastavasUtra pUrvaka caityavaMdana krvaae| * garbhavatI nArI jina-bimba ke samakSa yathAzakti phala Adi cddh'aae| phira usa guru ko vastra Adi kA dAna de| guru bhI unheM AzIrvAda pradAna kre| . usake bAda dampatti ke vastrAMcala kA mantroccAraNa pUrvaka graMthi-viyojana kre| * phira upAzraya meM sadguru virAjita hoM to unake pAsa jAeM, vaMdana Adi kareM aura yathAzakti azana evaM vastra Adi pradAna kara dharmalAbha prApta kreN| yaha

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ...55 garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI mUla vidhi hai| usake bAda apane kulAcAra ke anurUpa kula devatA, gRha devatA aura nagara devatA Adi kA pUjana kreN| digambara- digambara paramparA meM garbhAdhAna saMskAra-vidhi kA svarUpa batAte hue yaha nirdeza kiyA hai ki usa dina mAsika dharma se zuddha huI nArI mandira meM jAkara arihaMta pratimA kI pUjA-arcanA kre| usa pUjA-vidhi kI kriyA meM jinendra paramAtmA ke dAhinI ora tIna cakra, bAIM ora tIna chatra aura sammukha tIna agniyoM kI sthApanA kre| tadanantara zeSa bace hue dravya se putrotpanna kI icchA karate hue tIna agniyoM meM Ahuti deN| usa avasara para gRhasthAcArya dampatti ko pIle cAvala se bdhaaeN| yahI garbhAdhAna saMskAra hai|23 vaidika- vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI bhinna-bhinna vidhiyA~ par3hane ko milatI haiN| zaMkhAyanagRhyasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki vivAha kI tIna rAta vyatIta ho jAne para cauthI rAtri ko pati agni meM pake hue bhojana kI ATha AhutiyA~ de tathA adhyaNDA nAmaka vRkSa kI jar3a ko kUTakara usakA jala patnI ke nAka meM chir3ake aura saMbhoga karate samaya 'tU gandharva vizvAsa kA mukha ho' aisA khe|24 pAraskaragRhyasUtra meM yahI vidhi kahI kaI hai| gobhila ne bhI isI vidhi kA saMkSepa meM nirUpaNa kiyA hai| bhAradvAjagRhyasUtra meM eka vizeSa bAta yaha nirdiSTa kI hai ki rajasvalA strI cauthe dina snAnoparAnta zveta vastra dhAraNa kare aura anya kisI se bAta na kre|25 isI bAta ko vaizvAnasagRhyasUtra meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai ki vaha pati ko chor3akara kisI anya ko na dekhe, anyathA dekhe gae vyakti ke samAna usakI santAna utpanna hogI aisI pAramparika mAnyatA kahI hai| isa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM kula milAkara garbhAdhAna saMskAra ke sambandha meM ukta mAnyatAe~ evaM vidhiyA~ ullikhita haiN| . samAhArata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki garbhAdhAna saMskAra ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM tInoM paramparAoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| sabhI ne isa saMskAra ko prAthamika sthAna diyA hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karane kA adhikArI jaina brAhmaNa (gRhastha AcArya) evaM kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai, jo santati ko susaMskRta banAne kI dRSTi se pUrNata: ucita pratIta hotA hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMskAra kA kartA pati ko mAnA gayA hai, jo garbhAdhAna kI prakriyA ko sampanna karane kI dRSTi se sahI mAlUma hotA hai| jaina evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM meM isa

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56... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMskAra kI saphalatA ke lie iSTopAsanA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM arihanta-pratimA kA pUjana karane kA nirdeza hai to vaidika-dharma meM gaNapati ke sAtha mAtRkA kA pUjana kie jAne kA ullekha hai | 26 zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha vidhi kucha vistRta rUpa se ullikhita hai jabaki digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa vidhi kA saMkSipta svarUpa hI varNita hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prayojana digambara-AmnAya meM garbhAdhAna Adi saMskAra sampanna karate samaya tIna agniyoM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| ye tInoM hI agniyA~ tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura sAmAnya kevalI ke nirvANa - mahotsava meM pUjA kA aMga hokara atyanta pavitratA ko prApta huI mAnI jAtI haiN| AdipurANa meM nirdeza hai ki ye tInoM agniyA~ kramazaH gArhapatya, AhvAnIya aura dakSiNAgni nAma se prasiddha haiM aura tIna kuNDoM meM sthApita kI jAtI haiN| ina tInoM prakAra kI agniyoM meM mantroM ke dvArA pUjA karane vAlA puruSa dvijottama kahalAtA hai aura jisake ghara isa prakAra kI pUjA nitya hotI rahatI hai, vaha ahitAgni yA agnihotrI kahalAtA hai / nitya pUjana karate samaya gArhapatya agni se naivedya pakAyA jAtA hai, AhavanIya agni meM dhUpa kheI jAtI hai aura dakSiNAgni se dIpaka jalAyA jAtA hai| atyanta sAvadhAnI ke sAtha ina tInoM agniyoM kI rakSA karanI cAhie aura jinakA koI saMskAra nahIM huA hai - aise anya logoM ko kabhI nahIM denI caahie| "ina tIna agniyoM kI pUjA karanA nirdoSa hai" - isa mata kI puSTi karate hue jinasenAcArya ne kahA hai agni meM svayaM pavitratA nahIM hai aura na vaha devatA rUpa hI hai, kintu arihanta pratimA kI pUjA ke sambandha se vaha agni pavitra ho jAtI hai, isalie dvija loga ise pUjA kA aMga mAnakara isakI pUjA karate haiM, ataeva nirvANa kSetra kI pUjA samAna agni kI pUjA karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai / spaSTa hai ki jisa prakAra jinendradeva ke sambandha se kSetra pUjya ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra unake sambandha se agni bhI pUjya ho jAtI hai ataeva jisa prakAra

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ...57 nirvANa Adi kSetroM kI pUjA karane meM doSa nahIM hai, usI prakAra agni kI pUjA karane meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana ___ garbhAdhAna eka mahattvapUrNa saMskAra hai| pUrvokta vivecana ke AdhAra para nimnokta saMdarbho meM isakA tulanAtmaka vivecana isa prakAra hai___* zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA isa saMskAra ko sampanna karavAne kA adhikArI gRhastha guru yA kSullaka ko mAnatI hai, jabaki vaidika paramparA ne isa saMskAra kA mUla kartA pati ko svIkArA hai| * zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke lie zubha nakSatra Adi kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika-granthoM meM yaha varNana saMkSepa meM kiyA gayA hai| * zvetAmbara mata ke anusAra garbhadhAraNa ke bAda pA~ca mAsa kI avadhi pUrNa hone para, digambara matAnusAra masika dharma ke caturtha dina ke bAda caudahavIM rAtri taka zubha dina Adi kA yoga hone para tathA vaidika-mAnyatAnusAra mAsika dharma ke cauthe dina yA cauthI rAtri se lekara solahaveM dina kI rAtri taka yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| * zvetAmbara-grantha meM isa saMskAra hetu Avazyaka sAmagrI kA spaSTa ullekha huA hai, jabaki digambara evaM vaidika granthoM meM sAmagrI ko lekara koI carcA nahIM huI hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha vidhi sampanna karate samaya garbhavatI kI zArIrika zuddhi, garbhastha zizu ko susaMskRta evaM saMrakSita karane ke uddezya se arihanta prabhu kI upAsanA, garbhadhAraNa kI avadhi nirvighna sampanna ho, etadartha guru bhagavanta ko vandana, vastradAna Adi ke dvArA guru kI sevA-bhakti Adi prakriyAe~ kI jAtI hai tathA isa saMskAra ko karane kA prayojana pArivArika aura dhArmika vikAsa mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra pramukha rUpa se arihanta paramAtmA kI pUjopAsanA pUrvaka sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra ko lekara vibhinna vidhiyA~ kahI gaIM haiN| garbha kI utpatti nivedanA pUrvaka evaM yathAsamaya ho, isa uddezya se pati ke dvArA kucha viziSTa kriyAe~ kie

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58...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jAne kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai tathA isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se garbhavatI ke vicAra parama pavitra raheM, isa para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| upasaMhAra saMskAra tana-mana evaM AtmA ko pavitra evaM susaMskRta karane kI viziSTa prakriyA hai| saMskAra-karma ke mAdhyama se jIvana aura cAritra-donoM vizuddhatara banate haiN| garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI upAdeyatA kyA ho sakatI hai? isa binda para manana kiyA jAe, to jJAta hotA hai ki yaha saMskAra vaMza paramparA ko Age bar3hAne meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| isa vidhAna dvArA susaMskArI santAna kI prApti hotI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki garbhastha-zizu bAhya vAtAvaraNa se prabhAvita hotA hai, isa bAta ko Adhunika vijJAna bhI svIkAra karane lagA hai| parivArika evaM sAmAjikaunnati ke lie santAna ko cAritravAn aura niSThAvAn banAnA ati Avazyaka hai| ye guNa jIvana-utthAna ke lie bhI mUlyavAna haiN| isa saMskAra dvArA yaha jAnane samajhane ko bhI milatA hai ki parivAra meM navIna AgaMtuka kA Agamana kisa taraha honA cAhie? usakA svAsthya, svabhAva evaM bauddhika-kSamatA kisa prakAra svastha evaM sudRr3ha ho sakatI hai? ____DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA kA kahanA hai-sRSTi ke mUla meM Rta evaM satya, soma evaM agni nAma ke tatvoM kA sahayoga rahatA hai| ve hI dvividha tatva mAnava-janma ke mUla meM bhI kriyAzIla rahate haiN| isakA nAma vIrya aura raja hai| vIrya aura raja jitane zuddha hotI haiM, santati bhI utanI hI zuddha hotI hai| saMskArI mAtA-pitA ke vizuddha vIrya evaM raja se saMskRta santAna kA janma hotA hai, ata: saMskAroM kA prArambha garbhAdhAna se mAnA gayA hai|27 garbhAdhAna saMskAra dvArA vIrya evaM raja ko saMskArita banAyA jAtA hai| zAstrAnusAra garbhAdhAna saMskAra ko saphala banAne hetu garbhAdhAna kAla meM mAtA-pitA ke dvArA kisI hIna puruSa ko nahIM dekhA jAnA caahie| zAstrakAroM ne raja ko kSetra aura zukra ko bIja mAnA hai| santAna utpatti meM donoM kA hI mahattva aparihArya hai| tathya yaha hai ki bIja kitanA hI sundara ho, yadi kSetra Usara yA anurvara hai, to usameM par3A huA bIja phalaprada nahIM hotA hai, isI taraha kSetra acchA ho, para bIja suparipakva na ho, to bhI sundara phala nahIM mila sakatA hai| isase

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garbhAdhAna saMskAra vidhi kA maulika svarUpa ...59 siddha hotA hai ki garbha meM sthApyamAna zizu strI evaM puruSa ke mAnasa-paTala para aMkita svarUpa ke anurUpa hI rUpa ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jIvana ke jo aNu vIrya meM nihita hote haiM, unameM mAnasika aNu bhI vidyamAna rahate haiN| yadi aisA nahI hotA, to hiraNyakazyapa kA putra prahlAda kabhI dhArmika-pravRtti kA nahIM hotaa| sAmAnyata: mAtA yA pitA kA rUpa evaM svabhAva santAna meM rahA karatA hai| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba garbhAdhAna ke samaya kisI sadAcAravAna vyakti kI chabi usake mAnasa-paTala meM nihita ho| zarIra dvArA kie gae pratyeka kArya meM vaijJAnika yA dArzanika-dRSTi se mana hI kAraNa huA karatA hai ata: garbhAdhAna saMskAra meM garbhavatI kA mana sAtvika, naitika evaM pavitratama vicAroM se yukta rahanA caahie| yahI garbhAdhAna saMskAra kA sAphalya hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. sanAtanaSor3azasaMskAravidhi, pR. 60 2. zarIra sthAna, 8/20 saMskAra aMka, pR. 174 3. vahI, 2/6 4. (ka) AdipurANa, jinasenAcArya, anu. DaoN. pannAlAla jaina, bhA. dvi; parva 38, pR. 245 (kha) dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pAMDuraMga vAmana kANe 5. AcAradinakara, pR. 5 6. vahI, pR. 5 7. vahI, pR. 6 8. AdipurANa, bhA.dvi, parva 40, pR. 301 9. hindU saMskAra, DaoN rAjabalI pANDeya, pR. 67 10. hindU saMskAra, pR. 68 11. AcAradinakara, pR. 6 12. AcAradinakara, pR. 5 13. jainasaMskAravidhi, paM. nAthUlAla jaina, pR. 6 14. (ka) manusmRti, paM. zrIrAma zarmA, pR. 3/48 (kha) yAjJavalkyasmRti, pR. 1/79

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60...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 15. AcAradinakara, pR. 5 16. jaina saMskAra-vidhi, pR. 6 17. zaMkhAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/18/19 18. (ka) manusmRti, 3/46 (kha) yAjJavalkyasmRti, 1/79 19. hindU saMskAra, pR. 63 20. yAjJavalkya smRti, 1/79 21. AcAradinakara, pR. 8 22. AcAradinakara, pR. 5-8 23. vahI, pR. 6 24. vahI, pR. 7 25. (ka) AdipurANa, parva 38, pR. 245 (kha) jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 7 26. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, 1/pR. 181 27. AdipurANa, parva 40, pR. 301 28. vahI, pR. 186 29. SoDazasaMskAra, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA, pR.-1

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adhyAya 3 puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa putra saMtAna utpanna karane evaM garbhastha zizu ke samucita vikAsa ke lie garbhiNI strI kA puMsavana saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| manovijJAna kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki bAlaka ko susaMskArI banAne ke lie sabase pahale usake janmadAtA mAtApitA ko susaMskRta honA paramAvazyaka hai| mAtA-pitA ke AcAra-vicAroM kA garbhastha bAlaka para cirasthAI prabhAva par3atA hai| garbhastha jIva kI svAbhAvika saMracanA kA vikAsa mAtA - pitA para AdhArita hotA hai, isalie to kahA gayA hai ki bAlaka kI prathama pAThazAlA mAtA hotI hai / jaina Agama - sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke aneka ullekha milate haiM ki garbhavatI strI ko kisa prakAra rahanA cAhie, kisa prakAra calanA cAhie, kauna - kaunasI khAdya vastue~ nahIM khAnI cAhie ? yaha nirdeza santAna ko susaMskArI banAne hetu hI die gae haiM ataH puMsavana saMskAra isI uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai| bhAratIya vAGgamaya meM puMsavana saMskAra kA artha puMsavana zabda kA artha hai - pu = pumAn (puruSa) kA janma honA arthAta jisa anuSThAna yA karma dvArA puruSa kA janma ho, vaha puMsavana saMskAra hai / isa zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai- 'pumAn prasUyate yena karmaNA tat puMsavanamIritam' arthAta jisa saMskAra karma dvArA puruSa utpanna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha puMsavana saMskAra hai| puMsavana zabda ke isa artha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha saMskAra garbha se putra kI prApti hetu kiyA jAtA hai| puruSa pradhAna bhAratIya samAja meM 'putra' saMtAna kA mahattva adhika rahA hai, isalie isa saMskAra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| putra kA mahattva batalAte hue kahA gayA hai- ' punnAmo narakAt trAyate iti putraH' arthAta 'pum' nAmaka naraka se jo trANa (rakSA) karatA hai, use putra kahA jAtA hai| isa vacana ke AdhAra para naraka se bacane ke lie manuSya putra - prApti kI kAmanA karate haiN| manuSya kI isa abhilASA pUrti ke lie hI zAstroM meM puMsavana saMskAra kA vidhAna kiyA

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62... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana gayA hai aisA vaidika mata hai / puMsavana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA vaidhAnika saMdarbhoM meM puMsavana saMskAra kyoM kiyA jAe yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai ? vartamAna paramparA meM yaha saMskAra prAya: vilupta sA ho cukA hai, kintu kisI samaya isakI upAdeyatA sarvAdhika rahI hogI, tabhI to isa saMskAra kA svarUpa upalabdha hai| vaidika granthoM kA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki pUrvakAla meM putra ko janma dene vAlI mAtA kI prazaMsA kI jAtI thI tathA sAmAjika kSetra meM usake pati ko sammAnIya sthAna milatA thaa| saMbhavataH isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA usa yuga meM sarvAdhika mahasUsa kI gaI hogI, jaba yuddha ke lie puruSoM kI AvazyakatA anivArya ho jAtI thii| yuddha ke bAda puruSa saMkhyA meM prAyaH kamI A jAtI thI ataH usa kamI kI pUrti ke lie yaha saMskAra pravartita huA ho - aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| puMsavana saMskAra kA hI eka upAMgabhUta saMskAra hai - 'anavalomana' / yaha saMskAra garbhastha zizu ke rakSArtha aura asamaya meM garbhacyuta na ho jAe, isa lakSya se kiyA jAtA hai| isameM zizu kI rakSA ke lie sabhI mAMgalika pUjana, havana Adi kAryoM ke anantara jala evaM auSadhiyoM dvArA prArthanA kI jAtI hai| putra prApti hetu purANoM meM puMsavana nAmaka eka vrata vizeSa kA vidhAna bhI batalAyA gayA hai, jo eka varSa taka calatA hai| striyA~ pati kI AjJA se hI isa vrata kA saMkalpa letI haiN| bhAgavata ke chaThaveM skandha, adhyAya 18-19 meM batAyA gayA hai ki maharSi kazyapa kI AjJA se diti ne indravadha kI kSamatA rakhane vAle putra kI kAmanA se yaha vrata kiyA thaa| 2 putra kI utpatti se kula paramparA akSuNNa banI rahe, isI hetu se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| zAstrIya dRSTi se puMsavana saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA jaina bAhmaNa (gRhastha guru) yA kSullaka ko yaha saMskAra karAne kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparAnusAra tatsambandhI koI spaSTa nirdeza prApta nahIM huA hai| anumAnataH suyogya gRhasthAcArya hI yaha saMskAra karavAte haiN| vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbhiNI kA pati yA usakI anupasthiti meM usake devara ke dvArA karavAe jAne kA ullekha hai /

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puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa ...63 puMsavana saMskAra sambandhI muhUrta vicAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra puMsavana saMskAra ke lie nimna nakSatra Adi zubha-azubha mAne gae haiM- mUla, punarvasu, puSya, hasta, mRgazirA, zravaNa nakSatra; maMgala, guru aura somavAra tathA riktA, dagdhA, krUra, tIna dina ko sparza karane vAlI SaSThI, aSTamI, dvAdazI aura amAvasyA ko chor3akara zeSa tithiyA~ puMsavana saMskAra ke lie zreSTha mAnI gaIM haiN| ina nakSatra Adi meM kiyA gayA saMskAra pUrNa phaladAyI hotA hai| AcAradinakara meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jaba pati kA candra balavAna ho, usa samaya yaha saMskAra prArambha karanA caahie| digambara paramparA meM dUsarA 'prIti' nAmaka saMskAra hai| vaha saMskAra kina zubha ghar3iyoM meM kiyA jAnA cAhie, usa sambandha meM koI nirdeza nahIM hai| saMbhavata: isa paramparA meM yaha saMskAra sampanna karane se pUrva usake lie zubha dina Adi avazya dekhe jAte hoMge, lekina AdipurANa meM isa sambandhI koI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| vaidika paramparA meM dUsarA saMskAra 'puMsavana' nAma kA hai| yaha saMskAra kina zubha dina Adi meM kiyA jAnA cAhie, isakA ullekha karate hue AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra meM nirdeza hai-garbhAdhAna ke tIsare mahIne meM puSya nakSatra ke dina yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| kucha vidvAna isa saMskAra ko puruSa nakSatra meM karane kA nirdeza karate haiM, kintu isa sambandha meM bhI vidvAnoM kA ekamata nahIM hai| puMsavana saMskAra hetu kAla kA vicAra __ puMsavana saMskAra kisa dina yA kisa mAha meM kiyA jAnA caahie| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara paramparA kA mantavya hai- yaha saMskAra garbha dhAraNa se ATha mahIne pUrNa hone para kiyA jAnA caahie| isase sUcita hotA hai ki garbhastha jIva ke pUrNa vikasita hone para yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| ' digambara paramparA meM 'puMsavana' ke sthAna para 'prIti' nAmaka saMskAra hai| AdipurANa ke anusAra yaha saMskAra garbhAdhAna ke bAda tIsare mAha meM kiyA jAnA caahie| vaidika paramparA meM saMskAra kAla ko lekara alaga-alaga dhAraNAe~ haiN| manu aura yAjJavalkya ke anusAra garbhAzaya meM garbha ke gatizIla hone se pUrva yaha saMskAra sampanna karanA caahie| zaMkha bhI isI bAta kI puSTi karate haiN| bRhaspati ke anusAra isa kRtya ke lie yahI kAla ucita mAnA gayA hai| jAtukarNya aura zaunaka ke matAnusAra garbhadhAraNa ke spaSTa ho jAne para tIsare mAha meM yaha saMskAra

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64...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA caahie| sAmAnyatayA isa paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke anuSThAna kA samaya garbha ke dvitIya mAsa se lekara aSTama mAsa taka mAnA gayA hai| yadi hama vaidika paramparA meM mAnya ukta dhAraNAoM ko dekheM to isa saMskAra ke lie dvitIya se aSTama mAsa taka kA kAla ucita lagatA hai| isa kAla ke pIche yaha kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai ki vibhinna striyoM meM garbhadhAraNa ke cihna vibhinna kAla meM vyakta hote haiN| kulAcAra yA pArivArika prathAe~ bhI isa vaividhya ke lie uttaradAyI mAnI gaIM haiN| bRhaspatigRhyasUtra meM isa saMskAra ke lie kahA gayA hai ki yadi prathama garbha ho to yaha saMskAra tIsare mAsa meM karanA cAhie, anyathA dUsaretIsare garbhadhAraNa kI sthiti hone para yaha saMskAra garbha ke cauthe, chaThaveM yA AThaveM mAsa meM bhI sampanna kiyA jA sakatA hai|10 isakA hetu spaSTa karate hue zarIra zAstriyoM kA mata hai ki paravartI garbho kI apekSA pahalI bAra garbhadhAraNa hone para usake cihna kucha pUrva hI spaSTa ho jAte haiM, isI kAraNa dvitIya Adi garbho meM apekSAkRta paravartIkAla vihita kiyA gayA hai| puMsavana saMskAra meM upayogI sAmagrI puMsavana saMskAra sampanna karane hetu kucha sAmagrI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke lie adholikhita sAmagrI Avazyaka haiM- 1. paMcAmRta 2. snAtra pUjA ke samaya prayoga Ane vAlI sabhI vastue~ 3. garbhiNI ke lie nUtana vastra 4. eka vastra kA jor3A 5. svarNa kI ATha mudrAe~ 6. rajata kI ATha mudrAe~ 7. ATha prakAra ke phala 8. mUla sahita darbha 9. tAMbUla 10. sugaMdhita padArtha 11. puSpa 12. naivedya 13. saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~ 14. maMgala gIta kI pustakeM aadi|11 ___digambara evaM vaidika matAnusAra isa saMskAra ke lie kauna-sI sAmagrI apekSita ho sakatI hai? yaha kahanA asaMbhava hai, kyoMki isa sambandha meM hameM kucha bhI par3hane ko nahIM milA hai| puMsavana saMskAra meM apekSita sAvadhAniyA~ puMsavana saMskAra vidhi karane ke bAda garbhiNI ko vizeSa sAvadhAna rahanA cAhie, kyoMki kinhIM mAnyatAnusAra isa saMskAra ke bAda se garbhastha jIva kA kramaza: vikAsa hone lagatA hai| yaha satya hai ki mAtA-pitA ke zarIra se bAlaka kA zarIra, unake mana se zizu kA mana aura unake svabhAva se zizu kA svabhAva

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puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa ...65 banatA hai, isalie jisa taraha acchI phasala ugAne ke lie bhUmi aura bIja donoM kA sAmarthya Avazyaka hai, usI taraha mAtA-pitA ke zarIra, mana aura svabhAva kA pariSkRta honA Avazyaka hai| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jo mAtA-pitA apanI santAna ko prArambha se hI susaMskArI, suyogya evaM suvikasita karane meM samartha na ho, unakI zArIrika, mAnasika evaM Arthika kSamatA ko prakaTa na kara sakate ho, to unheM santAna utpAdana jaise mahAna uttaradAyittva ko uThAne ke lie kadama nahIM bar3hAne caahie| yaha eka sAmAjika aparAdha hai| isa aparAdha vRtti se bacane ke lie mAtA ko pratipala sajaga rahanA caahie| manovijJAna ke anusAra garbhakAla meM garbha dhAriNI kI mAnasika dazA bacce ke mana-mastiSka para viziSTa prabhAva DAlatI hai ata: yaha saMskAra sampanna hone ke bAda se hI mAtA kA AhAra, vihAra, vyavahAra Adi saMtulita evaM saMyamita hone caahie| manovijJAna aura zarIra zAstra kA niyama hai-mAtA kA AhAra aura vyavahAra bacce ke zarIra aura mana para sIdhA prabhAva DAlatA hai| yadi mAtA garbhAvasthA ke daurAna mirca-masAloM se bhare, ati uSNa-uttejaka masAle, abhakSya padArtha khAtI haiM, to usake bAlaka kA zarIra usI taraha kI uttejanAoM se bhara jAtA hai| aisA uttejaka-uSNa AhAra hI aksara baccoM ko krodhI, cir3acir3A, jhagar3AlU, jiddI svabhAva kA tathA zArIrika dRSTi se raktavikAra, apaca, bavAsIra jaise rogoM se grasita banAtA hai, ataeva garbhiNI kA AhAra sAttvika, halkA, jaldI pacane vAlA, mirca-masAloM se rahita honA caahie| ina dinoM brahmacarya kA pAlana avazya karanA caahie| garbhavatI kI manobhUmi ina dinoM IrSyA, dveSa, kAma, krodha, bhaya, cintA, nirAzA jaise manobhAvoM se bacI rahanI caahie| pArivArika sadasyoM ko bhI yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki use kisI prakAra kA mAnasika kSobha na ho| ___garbhavatI ko apane bhItara dhairya, sAhasa, AzA, utsAha ke bhAva rakhane caahie| use hara samaya ha~sate-muskarAte rahanA caahie| jo striyA~ prasannacitta rahatI haiM, unake bAlaka vizeSa rUpa se sundara evaM ha~samukha hote haiN| jahA~ zayana kakSa ho, vahA~ Adarza cAritra mahApuruSoM ke citra evaM preraNAprada zikSAe~ dene vAle Adarza vAkya TaMge rahane caahie| ina dinoM meM jaba bhI yathocita samaya mile use jApa,

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66...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana darzana, svAdhyAya Adi zubha pravRttiyoM meM rata rahanA caahie| upAsanA se antaHkaraNa zuddha hotA hai aura usameM divya prakAza bar3hatA hai, isalie garbhavatI ko nitya niyamita paramAtma upAsanA avazya karanI caahie|12 pati, parivAra kA mukhiyA hotA hai ata: use garbhiNI kI svasthatA evaM nirmala mAnasikatA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| puMsavana saMskAra ke uparAnta garbhastha jIva ko susaMskArita evaM suzikSita karane hetu kuTumbiyoM ko evaM pati ko garbhiNI ke lie pUrvokta niyamoM ke samAna hI anya niyama Adi kA avazya dhyAna rakhanA caahie| puMsavana saMskAra kI upadiSTa vidhi zvetAmbara- zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra puMsavana saMskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra hai13 * sarvaprathama gRhastha guru pUrva kathita vezabhUSA ko dhAraNa kara pati ke samIpa aae| * phira rAtri ke caturtha prahara meM jisa samaya AkAza meM tAre hoM, usa samaya saubhAgyavatI nAriyoM dvArA maMgalagIta gAte hue garbhiNI strI kA telamardana aura ubaTana kara jala se snAna karAyA jaae| . usake bAda prabhAta hone para navIna vastra dhAraNa kI huI garbhavatI kI sAkSI meM usakA pati, devara yA kula puruSa koI bhI gRha-caitya kI pratimA kA bRhad snAtrAbhiSeka kre| . phira jina pratimA kA sahasramUlI se snAna kraae| phira samasta tIrthoM ke jala se snAna kraae| * tadanantara sabhI prakAra ke snAtra jala ko suvarNa-cA~dI yA tAmra ke pAtra meM rkhe| * usake bAda zubha Asana para baiThI huI garbhiNI ke sira, stana evaM udara ko gRhastha guru snAtra jalasahita kuza dvArA abhisiMcita kreN| * usa samaya guru veda maMtra ko ATha bAra pddh'eN| vaha maMtra nimna hai___"OM aha~ namastIrthaMkaranAmakarmapratibandhasaMprApta-surAsurendra- pUjAyAhate Atmane tvamAtmAyuH karmabandhaprApyaM taM manuSya janmagarbhA-vAsamavAptausi, tadbhavajanmajarAmaraNagarbhavAsavicchittaye prAptArhaddharmo'rhadbhakta: samyaktvanizcala: kulabhUSaNaH sukhena tava jnmaastu| bhavatu tava tvanmAtApitroH kulasyAbhyudayaH, tataH zAnti: tuSTirvRddhiH RddhiH kAnti: sanAtanI arha AUM||" / * usake bAda vaha garbhiNI apane Asana se uThakara sarva jAti ke ATha phala, svarNAdi kI ATha mudrAe~ jina-pratimA ke samakSa rkheN| * phira usa guru ke

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puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa ...67 caraNoM meM namaskAra kara vastra kI jor3I, sone-cA~dI kI ATha mudrAe~ aura pAna sahita ATha supArI deN| * tatpazcAta pauSadhazAlA meM jAkara sAdhujanoM ko vandanA kareM evaM yathAzakti unheM dAna deN| * parivAra ke variSThajanoM ko praNAma kreN| phira apane kulAcAra ke anusAra kula devatA Adi kA pUjana kreN| digambara- digambara paramparA ke anusAra jisa garbhavatI kA prIti nAmaka dUsarA saMskAra sampanna kiyA jA rahA ho, vaha garbhAdhAna saMskAra kI bhA~ti jinendradeva kI pUjA kre| usa dina gRha caitya ke daravAje para toraNa bA~dhe, do pUrNa kalaza kI sthApanA kare tathA usa dina se lekara nija vaibhava ke anusAra pratidina nagAr3e Adi bjvaae|14 AdipurANa meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke lie maMtra kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai, kintu vaha mantra kisa samaya bolA jAnA cAhie, isakA koI nirdeza nahIM hai|15| vaidika- vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko niSpanna karane ke lie do-tIna prakAra kI vidhiyA~ kahI gaI haiN| pAraskaragRhyasUtra ke anusAra garbhadhAraNa ke bAda tIsare yA cauthe mAsa meM yA usake bhI bAda jaba candra kisI puruSa nakSatra athavA puSya meM saMkramita hotA thA, usa samaya yaha saMskAra niSpanna kiyA jAtA thaa|16 eka matAnusAra isa saMskAra ke dina garbhiNI ko upavAsa karanA hotA thaa| vaha snAna kara nae vastra pahanatI thI tathA rAtri meM vaTavRkSa kI chAla ko kUTakara aura usakA rasa nikAlakara strI kI nAka ke dAhine randhra meM chor3A jAtA thaa|17 katipaya gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra vividha mantroM ke sAtha kuzakaNTaka aura somalatA nAmaka vanaspati bhI kuTI jAtI thii| isa saMskAra ke bAre meM eka nirdeza yaha bhI diyA gayA hai ki yadi pitA yaha cAhatA hai ki usakA putra vIryavAn tathA balavAna ho to vaha eka jalapAtra strI kI goda meM rakha deM aura usake udara kA sparza karate hue 'suparNo'si' Adi mantra kA uccAraNa kre|19 ____ paravartI dharmasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM isa saMskAra kI yahI vidhiyA~ varNita hai| puMsavana saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke rahasyAtmaka prayojana zvetAmbara aura vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra putra-prApti kI kAmanA se kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko putrotpatti kI kAmanA se na karake, garbha kI puSTi evaM uttama santAna kI prApti ke nimitta kiyA jAtA hai| isake kucha prayojana nimna haiM

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68...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vaTavRkSa evaM giloya kA rahasya- vaidika-dharma meM puMsavana saMskAra sampanna karate samaya garbhiNI kI nAka meM kuzakaNTaka (giloya) sahita vaTa vRkSa kI chAla kA rasa DAlane kA jo vidhAna hai, vaha bar3A adbhuta hai| isake pIche garbhastha ziza kI mahAna kAmanAe~ chipI huI haiN| yaha sarva vidita hai ki vaTa vRkSa vizAlatA, zaktivArdhakyatA evaM sthiratA kA pratIka hai| giloya vikAra vinAzaka evaM bala varddhaka tatvoM se yukta hai| isa vanaspati yukta auSadhi meM sthUla evaM sUkSma donoM prakAra ke guNa rahate haiN| ___ sthUla dRSTi se dekheM to ye donoM auSadhiyA~ garbhiNI ke lie evaM garbhastha zizu ke lie zArIrika Arogya bar3hAne vAlI haiN| garbhAvasthA meM apaca, ulTI, Alasya, sira darda, nIMda kama AnA, kamara meM darda Adi kI zikAyata rahatI hai| inako dUra karane meM ye auSadhiyA~ bar3I upayogI mAnI gaIM haiN| inakA thor3A sA aMza abhimaMtrita karake isalie pilA diyA jAtA hai ki mAtA evaM usake udarastha zizu ke zarIra meM koI hAnikAraka roga kITANu ho, to vaha naSTa ho jAe, Atmika bala bar3he tathA poSaNa meM sahAyatA mile| inheM suMghAyA isalie jAtA hai ki unake andara jo preraNA evaM bhAvanA sannihita hai, usakA prabhAva garbhiNI ke evaM bAlaka ke mastiSka taka phuNce| yaha prAkRtika dena hai ki koI bhI vastu nAka ke dvAra se hI mastiSka meM pahu~catI hai| nAka meM DAlane kA prayojana yahI hai ki baragada evaM giloya ke guNa mastiSka para apanA prabhAva pahu~cA sakane meM saphala hoN| isakI anya vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaTa vRkSa dhIre-dhIre bar3hatA hai aura dIrghajIvI hotA hai| kArya kI vyavasthA evaM paripakvatA ke lie dRr3hatA, niSThA evaM dhairya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ata: zizu nirmANa meM dhairya rakhane kI bar3I upayogitA hai| vaTa vRkSa ke rasa dvArA garbhiNI ke bhItara dhairya Adi guNoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| isI prakAra vaTavRkSa apanI jar3eM jamIna meM gaharAI taka le jAtA hai aura apane ko hara dRSTi se majabUta aura paripuSTa banAtA hai| isake sivAya vaTa vRkSa kI anya bhI aneka viziSTatAe~ haiN| vaha svayaM ke vikAsa-vistAra ke lie nirantara prayatnazIla rahatA hai| vaha apane vistAra kA lAbha dUsare anekoM ko detA hai| kitane hI pakSI usa para ghoMsale banAkara rahate haiM, usake phaloM se apanA AhAra prApta karate haiN| kitane hI pazu usakI chAyA meM vizrAma lete haiM, kitane hI pathika

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puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa ...69 usakI ghanIbhUta chAyA meM sustAte haiN| inhIM pAramArthika vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa use deva vRkSa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| garbhastha zizu udAratA, sahRdayatA Adi guNa samUha se saMyukta ho isI lakSya se vaTavRkSa kI chAla kA rasa suMghAyA athavA DAlA jAtA hai| giloya nAmaka vanaspati kI bela bhUmi para hI nahIM phailatI, varana kisI sudRr3ha vRkSa kA sahArA lekara Upara kI ora bar3hatI jAtI hai| isake mAdhyama se garbhastha zizu ke lie bhI yahI kAmanA kI jAtI hai ki usakA jIvana bhI utkarSamaya bane aura AdarzavAdI puruSoM kA samAgama prApta kara Upara uThe, bhale hI paristhitiyA~ durbala hoM aura zarIra, mana evaM artha ke sAdhana svalpa hoM, to bhI suyogya vyaktiyoM kA sAnnidhya pAkara vaha pragati kA patha prazasta kre| giloya meM roganirodhaka zakti sarvAdhika hotI hai| vaha bukhAra jaise duSTa rogoM ke kITANuoM ko bhI apane prabhAva se dUra kara detI haiM, ataeva garbhastha ke bhItara rahe hue kuvicAroM evaM kusaMskAroM ko dUra karane ke lie evaM tadyogya banAne ke lie isa auSadhi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| giloya meM saumya, snigdha evaM balavarddhaka guNa bhI hote haiN| usakA rasa cikanA hotA hai, usI prakAra garbhastha bAlaka aura usakI mAtA kA anta:karaNa snehasikta, saumya evaM madhura ho-isa uddezya se bhI giloya kA sevana karavAyA jAtA hai| isa taraha puMsavana saMskAra ke samaya garbhiNI ko vaTa vRkSa evaM giloya kA rasa pilAyA jAnA vividha dRSTiyoM se lAbhakArI siddha hotA hai|20 puMsavana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa jaba hama zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika paramparAoM ke AdhAra para puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM to nimna saMdarbho meM bheda-abheda spaSTa hote haiM * zvetAmbara aura vaidika paramparA meM dUsare saMskAra kA nAma 'puMsavana' rakhA gayA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM 'prIti' nAmaka dUsarA saMskAra hai| * zvetAmbara evaM digambara AmnAya meM isa saMskAra kA kartA jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka mAnA gayA hai, kintu vaidika dharma meM garbhiNI ke pati yA devara dvArA yaha saMskAra karavAe jAne kA vidhAna hai|

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70... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke sambandha meM zubha nakSatra Adi kI vistRta evaM prAmANika carcA hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhinna-bhinna mata matAntaroM ke sAtha zubha nakSatra Adi kA ullekha huA hai digambara paramparA meM tatsambandhI koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa se ATha mAha pUrNa hone para, digambara paramparA meM garbhAdhAna se tIsare mAha meM evaM vaidika paramparA meM dUsare mahIne se lekara AThaveM mahIne taka kie jAne kA vidhAna hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra - vidhi garbhiNI kI zArIrika zuddhi evaM zArIrika rakSA aura arihanta paramAtmA kI pUjA evaM sAdhuoM kI bhakti ke sAtha sampanna kI jAtI hai| digambara paramparA meM bhI mukhyatayA jinendradeva kI ArAdhanA ke sAtha sampUrNa kI jAtI hai, jabaki vaidika paramparA meM garbhiNI ke nAka meM vaTa vRkSa kI chAla kA rasa DAlane kI kriyA ke sAtha yaha saMskAra pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ko saphalatama evaM phaladAyI banAne ke lie tInoM paramparAoM meM kucha mantroM ko bole jAne kA vidhAna hai tathA ve mantra tInoM paramparAoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke haiN| * * puMsavana saMskAra ko sampAdita karane ke prayojana tInoM paramparAoM meM pRthak-pRthak rahe haiN| zvetAmbara evaM vaidika paramparA putra prApti kI kAmanA se yaha saMskAra vidhi sampanna karatI hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra uttama santAna kI prApti hetu kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra apanI-apanI pracalita evaM zAstrokta vidhi ke anurUpa kiyA jAtA hai| prAyaH tInoM paramparAoM meM eka dUsare ke sAtha kahIM samAnatA hai, to kahIM viSamatA, kahIM ekarUpatA hai, to kahIM vividhatA, phira bhI hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki sabhI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra vidhi kA apanI-apanI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| upasaMhAra strI meM garbhAdhAna ke cihna prakaTa hone para dUsare yA tIsare mahIne se lekara AThaveM mahIne taka pariSkArAtmaka yA zuddhikaraNa sambandhI vaha saMskAra, jo putrotpatti ke uddezya se kiyA jAtA hai puMsavana kahalAtA hai| yadi hama prastuta saMskAra kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana kareM, to isa saMskAra vidhi kI upAdeyatA kA bhalIbhA~ti jJAna ho sakatA hai|

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puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa ...71 isa saMskAra dvArA putraiSaNA kI kAmanA pUrI hotI hai tathA vikasita hue garbhastha jIva ko uttama saMskAra milate haiN| yaha isakI mukhya upAdeyatA hai| yaha avadhAraNA isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko bhI puSTa karatI hai, kyoMki puMsavana saMskAra ke samaya garbhiNI strI jinapratimA darzana, guru darzana, svadharmIbhakti, supAtradAna Adi sukRta karatI hai, jinakA prabhAva garbhastha zizu para ananya rUpa se par3atA hai| __ gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra yaha saMskAra bhrUNa puSTi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnya dRSTi se bAlaka para susaMskAroM kI chApa DAlane aura mAtA-pitA evaM kuTumbiyoM ko uttaradAyittva batAne ke lie yaha vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| ____ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to yaha saMskAra na kevala putra prApti kI kAmanA se kiyA jAtA hai, apitu isa saMskAra dvArA saMsAra ko sahI mArga dikhAne vAle, kartavya evaM niSThA ke patha para calane vAle tathA samAja se bahuta kama lekara bahuta adhika dene vAle vyaktitva kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| yadi putra kI prApti ke lie hI puMsavana saMskAra iSTa ho, to kisI laMgar3e, ga~ge, bahare jAtaka se bhI mAtA-pitA ko santuSTa honA cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hai| __ vaidika paramparAnusAra isa saMskAra ke samaya garbhiNI ke nAka ke dAhine chidra meM mantroccAraNa ke sAtha vaTa, zuMga, kuza, dUrvA Adi kA rasa DAlA jAtA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki nAsikA ke chidroM kA zarIra avayava saMbaMdhI nasoM ke sAtha gaharA sambandha hai, jinameM rakta pravAhita hotA hai| dAhine chidra se nikalatI huI vAyu meM uSNatA tathA bAe chidra vAlI vAyu meM zaitya kI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai| uSmA puruSatva pradhAna hai, ata: auSadhiyoM ke rasa DAlane kA jo yahA~ vidhAna hai, vaha vijJAna sammata hai| garbhastha bacce ke jIvana meM USmAjanya utsAha bharA rahe-puruSatva kA bala bar3hatA rahe-isI uddezya se yaha kriyA kI jAtI hai| eka prazna yaha uTha sakatA hai ki yaha saMskAra dUsare mAha se lekara ATha mAsa taka ke bhItara hI kyoM kiyA jAnA cAhie? zarIra zAstra kA yaha niyama hai ki garbhastha jIvana meM do-tIna mAha taka strI-puruSa ke rajovIrya ke bhrUNoM meM pratispardhA hotI rahatI hai, unameM jo prabala hotA hai, garbhastha jIva meM usI bhAva kA udaya hotA hai| 'manusmRti' meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi jIva meM puruSa bhrUNa kI prabalatA ho to puruSa bhAva aura strI bhrUNa kI prabalatA ho, to strI bhAva kA

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72... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana AdhAna hotA hai, ataH puruSa bhrUNa kA poSaNa karane hetu yaha avadhi nizcita kI gaI hai| isa prakAra puMsavana saMskAra vidhi kI upAdeyatA aneka dRSTikoNoM se susiddha hai| sandarbha - sUcI 1. saMskAraprakAza, bhAga-1, pR. 166 2. saMskAra aMka, pR. 39 3. AcAradinakara, bhA. 1, pR. 9 4. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. 1., pR. 188 5. AcAradinakara, pR. 8 6. AdipurANa, parva - 38, pR. 246 7. yAjJavalkyasmRti, zrIrAmazarmA AcArya, 1/2 8. zaMkhasmRti, zrIrAmazarmA AcArya, 2/1 8. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. 1, pR. 166 9. vahI, bhA. 1, pR. 166 10. tRtIye mAse karttavyaM, gRSTeranyatra zobhanam / gRSTezcaturtha mAse tu, SaSThe mAse'thavA'STa me|| 11. AcAradinakara, pR. 9 12. AdhAra - SoDazasaMskAravivecana, zrIrAmazarmA AcArya, pR. 4/6 13. AdipurANa, pR. 9 14. vahI, parva - 38, pR. 246 15. vahI, parva - 40, pR 1. 303 vahI, bhA. 1 pR. 168 16. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, pR. 14/2 17. vahI, pR. 1/14/3 18. vahI, pR. 1/14/4 19. vahI, pR. 1/14/5 20. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, pR. 4/4, 4/5

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adhyAya - 4 jAtakarma saMskAra vidhi kA pAramparika svarUpa vizva kI vividha saMskRtiyoM meM bAlaka ke janma ko AnaMda evaM utsAha kA avasara mAnA jAtA hai| janma mahotsava eka nae sadasya ke Agamana kI sUcanA jaga jAhira karane evaM use sammAna pUrvaka svIkAra karane kA bhI sUcaka hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM ise eka saMskAra kA rUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra tIsarA saMskAra 'janma' nAma kA hai| digambara mata meM tIsarA saMskAra 'suprIti' nAma kA hai tathA vaidika dharma meM tIsarA saMskAra 'sImantonnayana' nAma kA mAnA gayA hai| ye tInoM hI saMskAra bhinna-bhinna artha ko lie hue haiN| yadi hama tInoM paramparAoM ke AdhAra para isa saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta karanA cAheM to digambara-paramparA kA chaThavAM 'priyodbhava' saMskAra evaM vaidikaparamparA kA cauthA 'jAtakarma' saMskAra zvetAmbara mAnya janma-saMskAra ke samakakSa pratIta hote haiN| janma, priyodbhava evaM jAtakarma-ye tInoM hI zabda ekArthavAcI haiM tathA janma sambandhI kriyAkalApoM se sambandha rakhane vAle haiN| yahA~ ekArthavAcI zabdoM kI dRSTi se isa saMskAra kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA jA rahA hai| jAtakarma saMskAra kA artha jAtakarma saMskAra se tAtparya garbhastha zizu ke janma samaya ke avasara para kie jAne vAle vidhi-vidhAna se hai| yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke janma hone ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ 'jAtakarma' nAma se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jisakA janma huA ho, usase sambandhita kie jAne vAle kriyA kalApa ata: jo vidhividhAna strI ke prasava hone para kie jAte haiM, ve jAtakarma saMskAra kahe jAte haiN| jAtakarma saMskAra kI AvazyakatA / yadi hama isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke viSaya meM gaharAI se cintana kareM aura itihAsa ke pRSThoM para najara rakheM to kucha tathya avazya ujAgara hote haiN| saMbhavataH kisI kAla meM Adima mAnava ke lie zizu kA janma honA eka

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74... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prabhAvakArI ghaTanA thii| usa yuga ke mAnava ne kucha saMkaTagrasta paristhitiyA~ mahasUsa kI hoMgI, etadartha zizu kI surakSA nimitta aneka prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna astitva meM Ae hoNge| garbhavatI strI aura navajAta zizu ko vipadAgrasta sthitiyoM se bacAnA eka Avazyaka kartavya thA, sAtha hI prasavajanya azuci ko dhArmika dRSTi se dUra karanA bhI anivArya thA / usa sthiti meM kinhIM AsurI zaktiyoM kA prabhAva garbhavatI ke lie saMhAraka na bana jAe, isI taraha ke anya bhI kaI kAraNa rahe hoMge, jinake nivAraNArtha jAtakarma se sambaddha kucha vidhividhAnoM kA kiyA jAnA Avazyaka pratIta huaa| taba se lekara Aja taka janma sambandhI saMskAra ke kriyA kalApa nyUnAdhika rUpa se pravarttita hote rahe haiN| mUlataH isa saMskAra kA prayojana mAtA aura putra kI surakSA karanA thaa| kisI prakAra kI amaMgala ghaTanA se prasUtA evaM prasUta ko mukta karavAnA thA, duSTa zaktiyoM ko nirasta karanA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, mAtA evaM putra ko susaMskArita karane ke sAtha-sAtha usa avasara ko utsavamaya banAnA bhI thA / inhIM kucha kAraNoM ke calate isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI gaI / samanvayAtmaka-dRSTikoNa se kaheM to isa saMskAra se garbhasrAvajanya sAre doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| jAtakarma saMskAra karane yogya adhikArI zvetAmbara paramparAmAnya AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ko karane kA adhikArI jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko batalAyA gayA hai, kintu vartamAna meM ye kriyAe~ hindU brAhmaNa hI karavAte haiN| 4 digambara paramparA meM garbhAdhAna Adi saMskAroM ko sampanna karAne vAlA dvija hI isa saMskAra ko karane ke yogya mAnA gayA hai| 5 vaidika paramparA meM bhI brAhmaNa evaM zizu kA pitA isa saMskAra ko karane ke yogya kahe gae haiN| jAtakarma saMskAra ke lie muhUrtta - vicAra jaina evaM vaidika donoM paramparAoM meM janma - saMskAra ke lie kisI bhI zubha dina Adi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| cUMki vaha jIva karma evaM kAla ke adhIna hotA hai ataH zubha dina Adi kA tAlamela isa saMskAra ke sAtha karanA asaMbhava hai|

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jAtakarma - saMskAra - vidhi... 75 hA~, itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki yadi azubha nakSatroM- AzleSA, jyeSThA, mUla, gaMDAMta yA bhadrA tithi Adi meM bAlaka kA janma huA ho to duSprabhAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie zAMtika evaM pauSTi karma avazya karanA cAhie, anyathA navajAta zizu yA usake mAtA-pitA ko duHkha, dAridrya, zoka, maraNa Adi kaSTa hote haiN|" digambara paramparA meM bhI Adi meM azubha nakSatra Adi meM utpanna doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie zAntikarma karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 7, isI prakAra kA ullekha vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai | isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki zizu kA janma uttama nakSatra Adi ke yoga meM honA cAhie, tAki vaha kula evaM vaMza-paramparA kI vRddhi karane vAlA ho / janma saMskAra kA kAla vicAra zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra garbha kAla kA samaya pUrNa hone para athavA garbha kA prasava (janma) hone para kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa sambandha meM do prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ prApta hotI haiN| eka mAnyatAnusAra yaha saMskAra-karma nAbhi bandhana ke pUrva sampanna kiyA jAnA cAhie | 10 dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra janmagata azuci ko dUra karane ke bAda kiyA jAnA caahie| niSkarSataH tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra prasava hone ke bAda hI kiyA jAtA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNita janma saMskAra vidhi zvetAmbara- AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne janma saMskAra kI yaha vidhi nirdiSTa kI hai * sarvaprathama garbhakAla kI apekSita samayAvadhi pUrNa hone para gRhastha guru jyotiSI sahita ekAnta evaM zoragula rahita sthAna para AeM, jo sUtikAgRha se atyanta samIpa ho| vahA~ ghar3I bhara paMcaparameSThI kA jApa kreN| * tadanantara bAlaka kA janma hone para gRhastha guru jyotiSI ko janma samaya kI pUrNa jAnakArI lene ke lie nirdeza kre| vaha jyotiSI bhI janma ke sahI samaya kA nirdhAraNa kare / * usake bAda navajAta bAlaka ke pitA, dAdA, cAcA Adi jaba taka nAla akhaNDa rahe, taba taka kI avadhi meM gRhastha guru evaM jyotiSI ko vastra, AbhUSaNa evaM dravya Adi pradAna kara unakA sammAna kreN| nAla chinna hone para sUtaka prArambha ho jAtA hai|

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76...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * phira gRhastha guru bAlaka, pitA, dAdA Adi ko maMtra pUrvaka AzIrvAda deN| * phira jyotiSI bhI una sabhI ko zubhAzISa pradAna kre| phira jyotiSI janmalagna batAkara apane ghara calA jaae| * usake bAda gRhastha guru prasUti kA sUtikarma karane ke lie kula kI vRddhAoM aura dAIyoM ko Adeza deN| . tatpazcAta navajAta zizu ko pavitra karane kI dRSTi se jalAbhimaMtraNa dvArA sAta bAra jala ko saMskArita kreN| abhimantrita jala ke dvArA kula vRddhAe~ bAlaka ko snAna karAeM aura apane-apane kulAcAra ke anusAra nAla cheda kreN| * phira gRhastha guru candana, raktacandana, vilva (bela) nAmaka vRkSa kI lakar3I Adi jalAkara bhasma bnaaeN| usa bhasma meM zveta sarasoM aura namaka ko mizrita eka poTalI bnaae| usa poTalI ko nirdiSTa rakSA mantra dvArA sAta bAra abhimantrita kreN| usake bAda rakSApoTalI ko kAle dhAge se baaNdhe| phira lohA, varUNamUla evaM rakta-caMdana kA Tukar3A aura kaur3I sahita vaha rakSApoTalI kula vRddhAoM ke dvArA bAlaka ke hAtha meM bNdhvaae|11 zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra janma saMskAra kI yaha vidhi jAnanI caahie| digambara- digambara paramparA meM janma saMskAra sambandhI priyodbhava nAma kI kriyA arihaMta paramAtmA ke smaraNa evaM vividha prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka kI jAtI hai| AdipurANa meM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki isa kriyA meM kriyA mantra Adi avAntara kitane hI vizeSa kArya kaThinatara haiM, isalie tatsambandhI mUlabhUta jAnakArI prApta karane hetu 'upAsakAdhyayana' kA avalokana karanA caahie| suprIti-saMskAra- digambara matAnusAra suprIti nAmaka tIsarA saMskAra garbhAdhAna se pA~caveM mAha meM, mantravid evaM kriyAvid uttama zrAvakoM dvArA niSpanna kiyA jAtA hai| AdipurANa ke anusAra isa saMskAra kI samasta vidhi garbhAdhAna kI taraha hI agni tathA devatA ke sAkSI pUrvaka aura arihanta pratimA kI pUjA pUrvaka sampanna karanI caahie|12 vaidika- vaidika paramparA meM jAtakarma saMskAra ke saMdarbha meM pRthaka-pRthaka vidhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| jaise-pUrvakAla meM putra kA janma hone para yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki pitA pitR RNa se mukta ho jAtA hai13 etadartha putra kA janma hone para vaha putra kA mukha dekhane ke lie patnI ke nikaTa jAtA thaa| phira putra kA mukha dekhakara

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jAtakarma - saMskAra - vidhi... 77 vaha savastra snAna kara vayovRddhoM ko Amantrita karatA tathA nAndIzrAddha aura jAtakarma saMskAra sampanna karatA thaa| 14 zrAddha eka azubha kRtya hai, kintu hArIta likhate haiM ki 'zizu ke janma ke avasara para pitaroM kI prasannatA se puNya bar3hatA hai, ataH brAhmaNoM ko Amantrita kara tila aura svarNa pUrNa pAtroM se unakA zrAddha karanA caahie| 15 isa prakAra putra janma ke avasara para prArambhika rUpa meM saMskAra kI ukta vidhi kI jAtI thii| paravartIkAla meM nAla chedana se pUrva bAlaka ko svarNa zalAqA se athavA anAmikA aMgulI se asamAna mAtrA meM madhu aura ghRta caTAyA jAtA hai| anya matAnusAra dahI, bhAta, jau tathA baila ke zveta - kRSNa aura lAla bAla bhI die jAte haiN| sAtha hI amuka mantra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai - 'maiM tujhameM bhU: nihita karatA huuN|' yaha jAtakarma kA prathama kRtya hai / yahA~ jo padArtha zizu ko khilAe jAte haiM, ve usake mAnasika vikAsa meM sahayoga karate haiM tathA pAcana zakti, smRti, buddhi, dhvani, vIrya aura Ayuvarddhaka haiN| 16 isameM svarNa tridoSanAzaka hai| ghRta Ayuvarddhaka aura vAtapittanAzaka hai tathA madhu kaphanAzaka hai| ina tInoM kA sammizraNa Ayu, lAvaNya aura medhA zakti ko bar3hAne vAlA aura pavitratA kAraka hotA hai| gobhilagRhyasUtra ke anusAra zizu ke kAna meM 'tU veda hai' - isa vAkya kA uccAraNa karate hue zizu kA eka guhya nAma rakhA jAtA hai, jise kevala mAtApitA hI jAnate haiN| isa nAma ko prakaTa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki yaha AzaMkA rahatI hai ki 17 usa nAma para koI zatru abhicAra ( jAdU-TonA) kA prayoga kara navajAta putra ko kSati na pahu~cA de| jAtakarma kA dUsarA kRtya AyuSya se sambandhita hai| yaha kRtya karate hue zizu kA pitA usakI nAbhi athavA dAhine kAna ke nikaTa gunagunAtA huA kahatA hai-'agni dIrghajIvI hai, maiM isa dIrgha Ayu se tujhe dIrghAyu karatA hU~', Adi / 18 isa prakAra ke zabdoccAraNa dvArA yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki zizu dIrghAyuSya ko prApta karegA / dIrghAyuSya ke lie anya kRtya bhI kie jAte haiM / jAtakarma ke tIsare kRtya ke rUpa meM pitA zizu ke dRr3ha, vIratA pUrNa aura zuddha jIvana ke lie prArthanA karatA hai| kula - mAtAoM kI stuti bhI kI jAtI hai| 19 saMskAra kI samApti para brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA rUpa meM dAna diyA jAtA hai| vyAsa ke anusAra putra janma kI rAtri meM die hue dAna se akSaya puNya hotA hai | 20

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78...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pUrva kAla meM putrotpatti ke bAda bAraha vibhinna pAtroM meM pakAyI roTI ko bali ke rUpa meM bA~Takara vaizvAnara ko samarpita kiyA jAtA thaa| isa kRtya kA phala batAte hue zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha karma karane se jAtaka pavitra, gauravazAlI evaM dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa hotA hai| ina kriyAkalApoM para gaharAI se dhyAna diyA jAe to kucha vicAraNIya tathya sAmane Ate haiM jaise ki vaha bali vaizvAnara ko bAraha pAtroM meM hI kyoM arpita kI jAtI hai? usa bali meM anya pakvAnna bhI die jA sakate haiM? bali ke rUpa meM roTI ko hI svIkAra kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? tAtparya yaha hai ki bAraha bartana bAraha mAsa ke dyotaka haiM tathA bali ke rUpa meM dI jAne vAlI roTiyA~ khAdyAnna kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki AdamI jaba paidA hotA hai to sarvaprathama use havA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, phira pAnI kI aura phira roTI kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ata: bali ke rUpa meM roTI car3hAnA vijJAna sammata hai| eka anya kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki roTI hI eka aisI vastu hai, jisakA sevana rAjA se raMka taka sabhI koI karate haiM ata: yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki roTI ko bali ke rUpa meM diyA jAnA apane-Apa meM eka bahata hI udAtta-bhAvanA tathA saMyama kI dhAraNA kA saMsUcaka hai| vaidika-sAhitya meM vaizvAnara ko dhana-dhAnya, gaurava tathA pazu ke devatA ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai ata: vaizvAnara ko roTI kI bali car3hAI jAtI hai|21 ____ isa prakAra jJAta hotA hai ki vaidika paramparA meM jAtakarma sambandhI vidhividhAna ke aneka rUpa haiM aura ve apanI mAnyatAnusAra sahI aura sArthaka pratIta hote haiN| sImantonnayana saMskAra- vaidika paramparA meM mAnya yaha tIsarA saMskAra garbhAdhAna ke bAda cauthe, chaThaveM tathA AThaveM mAsa meM sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra meM ise cauthe mAsa meM karane kA ullekha hai-'caturthe garbhamAse siimntonnynm|' sAmAnyataH garbha ke cauthe mAsa ke bAda bAlaka ke aMga-pratyaMga nirmita ho jAte haiN| hRdaya, mastiSka Adi bana jAne ke kAraNa garbha meM cetanA A jAtI hai, isalie usameM icchAoM kA udaya hone lagatA hai| ve icchAe~ mAtA kI cetanA meM pratibimbita hokara prakaTa hotI haiM, jo 'dohada' kahalAtI haiN| garbha meM jaba mana aura buddhi meM nUtana cetanA zakti kA udaya hone lagatA hai, usa samaya jo

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jAtakarma - saMskAra - vidhi... 79 saMskAra DAle jAte haiM, unakA bAlaka para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| isa samaya garbha zikSaNa yogya hotA hai| abhimanyu ko cakravyUha - praveza kA upadeza isI samaya milA thaa| yaha saMskAra garbhiNI strI ke mana ko santuSTa karane tathA usake zarIra ke Arogya aura garbha kI sthiratA ke nimitta kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM pati garbhastha zizu ke svAsthya kI kAmanA karate hue gulara Adi vanaspati dvArA patnI ke sImanta (mAMga) aura bAloM ko saMvAratA hai| saubhAgyavatI, vRddhA evaM kulIna striyA~ garbhiNI ko AzIrvAda detI haiN| isa avasara para khicar3I khAne kA rivAja hai| dhyAtavya hai ki pUrva kAla meM yaha saMskAra jAtakarma sambandhI veda mantroM ke uccAraNa ke sAtha sampanna hotA thaa| Ajakala prasava janya kriyAe~ aspatAloM yA prasUti gRhoM me hone lagA haiM ataH isakI upayogitA nyUna ho gaI hai| vividha paramparAoM meM pracalita janma saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana jaba hama janma-saMskAra se sambandhita vidhi kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM, to tInoM paramparAoM meM kahIM bhinnatA ke, to kahIM samarUpatA ke darzana hote haiM jo isa prakAra haiM * zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- tInoM paramparAoM meM janma saMskAra ko mAnA gayA hai, kintu krama kI dRSTi se antara hai| zvetAmbara meM janma saMskAra kA tIsarA sthAna hai, jabaki digambara meM chaThavAM aura vaidika dharma meM cauthA sthAna hai| * zvetAmbara Adi paramparAoM meM janma saMskAra sambandhI nAmoM ko lekara bhI antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha 'janma saMskAra' ke nAma se pracalita hai| digambara paramparA meM 'priyodbhava saMskAra' ke nAma se prasiddha hai tathA vaidika mata meM 'jAtakarma' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| ye tInoM saMskAra zAbdika dRSTi se bhinna hone para bhI artha kI dRSTi se samAna haiN| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karavAne kA adhikAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko diyA gayA hai, digambara paramparA meM isakA adhikArI dvija ko kahA gayA hai, jabaki vaidika-mata meM brAhmaNa ke sAtha-sAtha zizu kA pitA hI isa saMskAra ke yogya mAnA gayA hai|

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80...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoM meM lagabhaga putra janma ke avasara para yA turanta bAda yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| . zvetAmbara-paramparA meM isa saMskAra vidhi ke antargata navajAta zizu ko abhimantrita jala dvArA snAna karavAnA, kula-vRddhAoM ke dvArA rakSA poTalI baMdhavAnA, jyotiSa dvArA lagna nilavAnA tathA guru evaM jyotiSI ko yathAyogya dAna denA ityAdi kRtya pramukha rUpa se kie jAte haiM, arhat pUjana yA guru darzana Adi kriyAe~ nahIMvata kI jAtI haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra arihaMta paramAtmA ke smaraNa pUrvaka, havana, AzIrvAda Adi vividha vidhividhAnoM ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vidhi aneka rUpoM meM kI jAtI hai aura una vidhiyoM kA uddezya bAlaka kA daihika, mAnasika aura bauddhika-vikAsa honA hI svIkArA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra zizu kI surakSA aura prasavajanya azuci ko dUra karane ke nimitta hI kiyA jAtA hai, tathApi vaidika-paramparA meM navajAta zizu ke tana-mana ko puSTa karane evaM duSTa zaktiyoM se usakA saMrakSaNa karane ke prayojana se bhI kiyA jAtA hai| * isa saMskAra ko sampanna karate samaya jo vastue~ Avazyaka mAnI gaIM haiM, unakA ullekha zvetAmbara-paramparA ke granthoM meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai, anya donoM paramparAoM meM tatsambandhI koI carcA dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki zvetAmbara-paramparA meM yaha saMskAra bahu pracalita rahA hogaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yaha saMskAra-vidhi sabhI paramparAoM meM apanIapanI paripATI ke anusAra kI jAtI hai tathA isa jAtakarma saMskAra dvArA putra saMrakSaNa evaM azuci-nivAraNa kI mahattvapUrNa kriyAe~ sampanna hotI haiN| upasaMhAra bhAratIya-saMskRti meM janma saMskAra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma ke bAda nAla kATane se pahale hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki yadi putra kA janma ho, to pUre parivAra meM asIma Ananda kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai| adhikAMza paramparAoM meM to chata ke Upara thAlI bajAkara pUre gA~va meM putra janma kI sUcanA dI jAtI hai| ar3osa-par3osa ke loga Akara badhAI dete haiM, yaha eka sAmAnya lokAcAra hai|

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jAtakarma - saMskAra - vidhi... 81 yadi hama janma saMskAra vidhi kA samIkSAtmaka vivecana karate haiM, to kaIM sAra garbhita viSaya spaSTa hote haiN| AcAradinakara meM janma saMskAra sambandhI jo-jo kriyAkalApa varNita haiM, ve zarIra zuddhi ke sAtha-sAtha mana evaM AtmA kI zuddhi para bhI jora dete haiN| dravya zuddhi, bhAva zuddhi kA prabala AdhAra hai| janma ke avasara para abhimantrita jala dvArA snAna karAnA, rakSApoTalI baMdhavAnA, kula vRddhAoM dvArA prasUti karma ko sampanna karavAnA Adi kRtya vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM | isa taraha kI prakriyA ke dvArA navajAta zizu meM buddhi, mana aura zarIra Adi kI apekSA jo parivartana hote haiM, ve anubhUti ke hI viSaya haiN| digambara paramparA meM janma saMskAra vidhi kA jo svarUpa batAyA gayA hai, vaha navajAta zizu ke lie zArIrika evaM dhArmika donoM dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra - karma kA sambandha navajAta zizu kI zArIrika surakSA evaM mAnasika vikAsa se jur3A huA hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to, tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra abhinava bAlaka ke suyogya vikAsa ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA mahatva bhautika aura AdhyAtmika-donoM dRSTiyoM se hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. AcAradinakara, pR. 10 2. AdipurANa. parva- 38, pR. 246 3. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 78 4. AcAradinakara, pR. 5 5. AdipurANa, parva. - 38, pR. 245 6. vahI, pR. 11 7. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 10 8. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. - 1. pR. 195 9. AcAradinakara, pR. 10 10. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 93 11. AcAradinakara, pR. 10 12. AdipurANa, parva - 38, pR. 146 13. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 93

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82... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 14. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. - 1, pR. 182 15. vahI, bhA. - 1, pR. 182 16. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 95 17. vahI, pR. 95 18. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/16/6 19. vahI, 1/16/14-15 20. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 98 21. SoDazasaMskAra, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA, pR. 9-10

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adhyAya sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAcIna svarUpa sUrya aura candra-laukika jagata ke do mukhya ghaTaka haiN| inhIM ke AdhAra para bhautika jagata ke adhikAMza vyavahAra calate haiN| cAhe AdhyAtmika jagata ho yA bhautika jagata sabhI meM inakA viziSTa sthAna hai| mAnava ke SoDaza saMskAroM meM bhI inheM vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM cauthA saMskAra sUrya-candra darzana nAma kA hai| digambara paramparA meM caturtha saMskAra dhRti yA sImantonnayana nAma se prasiddha hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM jAtakarma nAmaka saMskAra ko cauthA sthAna prApta hai| yadi hama artha evaM sAmyatA kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to digambara paramparA kA AThavA~ bahiryAna nAmaka saMskAra aura vaidika paramparA kA sAtavA~ niSkramaNa nAmaka saMskAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya sUryendu darzana nAmaka saMskAra se milate-julate haiN| ye tInoM saMskAra prAyaH artha kI dRSTi se samatulya haiN| hama artha ko kendra meM rakhate hue sUryendu darzana saMskAra kA vivecana kreNge| sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra ke vibhinna paryAya isakA sIdhA sA artha hai - sUrya aura candra ke darzana krvaanaa| bahiryAnasaMskAra kA artha hai - bAhara kI duniyA se avagata karAnA / niSkramaNa saMskAra kA artha hai-bahirgamana arthAta bacce ko ghara se bAhara le jAnA / yahA~ sUryendurzana, bahiryAna evaM niSkramaNa - tInoM ke artha meM sAmyatA hai, yaha prastuta prasaMga se suspaSTa hai| W 5 sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kI maulika AvazyakatA bAlaka ko sUrya-candra kA darzana kyoM karavAyA jAtA hai ? isa viSaya para yadi gaharAI se manana aura zAstra granthoM kA maMthana kareM to bahuta se nigUr3hatama tathya sAmane Ate haiN| isa duniyA meM sUrya evaM candra zaktizAlI aura prabhAvazAlI tatva mAne jAte haiN| yaha saMsAra ina do tattvoM ke AdhAra para hI TikA huA hai| dina

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84... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rAta, varSa-mahInA, bhUta-bhaviSya, subaha- zAma, prakAza - aMdhakAra Adi pramukha kriyAe~ inake AdhAra para hI kI jAtI haiN| inake abhAva meM samaya, ghaMTA, kAla, umra, avadhi Adi kI parikalpanA saMbhava nahIM hai| jyotiSazAstra meM bhI inakA pramukha sthAna hai, ata: isa dharatI para Ae navajAta zizu ko zaktizAlI tattvoM se sarvaprathama paricita karavAnA hI isa saMskAra kA pramukha uddezya rahA hai| yU~ to duniyA ke kaIM zaktizAlI tattva kahe gae haiM, kintu sUrya evaM candra sRSTi ke abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM haiN| ina donoM tattvoM kI kitanI AvazyakatA hai, yaha bhI sarvavidita hai| sAmAnyatayA prastuta saMskAra sampanna karane ke anekoM prayojana aura uddezya haiN| sarvaprathama zizu ko bAharI saMsAra se avagata karavAne ke lie sUrya evaM candra kA darzana karAyA jAtA hai| anya hetu yaha hai ki bacce kA jIvana 'tamaso mA jyotirgamaya' ke Adarza se maNDita ho / bAlaka meM sUrya jaisI tejasvitA evaM anavarata gatimattA kI zakti kA zubhAgamana ho tathA candra jaisI zItalatA, saumyatA evaM madhuratA kA bhAva prakaTa ho ina zubha bhAvoM se bhI yaha vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha bAta anubhavasiddha hai ki bAlaka ke zArIrika utthAna meM sUrya aura candra anivArya aMga haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki sUrya - prakAza ke abhAva meM paudhe kA svAbhAvika rUpa se bar3hanA, usameM patte, phUla evaM phala kA laganA asaMbhava hai| sUrya kI UrjA kisI bhI sajIva padArtha ke lie bahuta hI Avazyaka hotI hai, yahA~ taka ki vaha prANa ke srota ke rUpa meM kAma karatI hai / baccA bhI eka paudhe ke samAna hI hotA hai, jise aneka prakAra ke viTAmina, UrjA tathA prAkRtika tattvoM kI paramAvazyakatA hotI hai| ina sabhI kI ajasra dhArAe~ sUrya se prasRta hotI haiM ataH vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI bacce ko ghara se bAhara nikAlate hI sUrya ke samparka meM lAnA atyanta lAbhadAyI prakriyA hai| niSkramaNa evaM sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kA udbhava evaM vikAsa prazna uThatA hai ki isa saMskAra kA udbhava kisa sthiti meM aura kyoM huA ? vaidika granthoM meM yaha varNana milatA hai ki jaba prasUtigRha meM rahane kI avadhi samApta ho jAtI thI, usa samaya mAtA punaH pArivArika jIvana meM bhAga lenA prArambha kara detI thii| isake sAtha zizu kA saMsAra bhI kucha vistRta ho jAtA

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sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi ...85 thA tathA use ghara ke kisI bhI kone meM le jAyA jA sakatA thaa| jaba vaha ekado mahIne kA ho jAtA, taba usake vibhinna aMgoM kI gatizIlatA ke lie gRhAMgana taka calanA-phiranA hI paryApta na thA? apekSAkRta adhika vyApaka kSetra kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa hone lagI aura yaha upayukta samajhA jAne lagA ki zizu ko bAharI saMsAra se paricita karAyA jAe, kintu ekAeka bAharI saMkaToM kA upadrava na ho jAe, usake lie iSTa devatAoM kA pUjana karanA, unakI prArthanAe~ karanA tathA unakI sahAyatA prApta karanA bhI Avazyaka pratIta hone lgaa| etadartha devatAoM ke arcana pUrvaka isa saMskAra kA udbhava huA aura paravartIkAla taka Ate-Ate isameM kAphI kucha parivartana bhI hue| sAra rUpa meM kaheM to isa saMskAra kA udbhava zizu ko bAharI duniyA se paricita karAne evaM zizu kI gatividhiyoM kA vistAra karane ke dRSTikoNa ko lekara huA hai| dUsarA tathya yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki zizu-jIvana kA pratyeka caraNa mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| vaha samaya evaM vAtAvaraNa ke anurUpa acche-bure kaI prakAra ke parivartana upasthita karatA hai tathA mAtA-pitA aura parivAra ke lie harSa kA avasara pradAna karatA hai| inhIM kI abhivyakti ke lie isa saMskAra kA udbhava huA-aisA kahanA bhI anucita nahIM hai| sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra karane kA adhikArI zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karavAne kA adhikArI jainabrAhyaNa yA kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM vaha dvija isa saMskAra kA adhikArI kahA gayA hai jo sapheda vastra pahane hue ho, pavitra ho aura yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie hue ho| ___ vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karavAne ke sambandha meM kaIM matamatAntara haiN| gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke adhikArI mAtA-pitA mAne gae haiN| muhUrtasaMgraha ke matAnusAra isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke lie mAmA ko bulAyA jAtA thaa| isakA kAraNa apanI bahana ke zizu ke lie usake hRdaya ke snehapUrNa bhAva hI pratIta hote haiN| jaba saMskAroM ko gRhyayajJa mAnA jAtA thA, usa samaya kevala pitA hI isa saMskAra kA saMskartA thA, kintu jaba deza-kAlagata sthitiyoM meM parivartana AyA, taba isakA adhikAra pati-mAmA-pitA taka hI sImita

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86... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM rahA, apitu itara vyaktiyoM ko bhI vaha sthAna prApta ho gyaa| saMskAraprakAza meM kahA gayA hai ki pati kI anupasthiti meM garbhAdhAna ko chor3akara sabhI saMskAra kisI sambandhI dvArA kie jA sakate haiN|" isa varNana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaidika5- paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA mUla kartA pati ko mAnA gayA hai| sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra ke lie muhUrta vicAra zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika - tInoM paramparAoM ke anusAra yaha saMskAra kisa zubha dina meM karanA cAhie, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kevala samaya kI avadhi kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kA kAla nirNaya yaha zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra janma ke tIsare dina kiyA jAtA hai|7 digambara paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra ko do, tIna yA cAra mAha ke bAda kisI zubha dina meM sampanna karanA cAhie | vartamAna meM yaha saMskAra janma hone ke bAda lagabhaga 15 dina se 45 dina ke bhItara kara lete haiN| vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA kAla janma ke bAda bArahaveM dina se lekara caturtha mAsa taka mAnA gayA hai| 10 gRhyasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM isake kAla sambandhI bhinna-bhinna ullekha milate haiN| bRhaspatismRti meM isa saMskAra kA kAla bArahavA~ dina kahA gayA hai / 11 kAla-gaNanA tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba nAmakaraNa ke sAtha yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA ho| gRhyasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM ke anusAra janma ke tIsare yA cauthe mahIne meM yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| yamagrantha meM yaha nirdeza hai ki tRtIya mAsa meM zizu ko sUrya kA darzana karAnA cAhie aura caturtha mAsa meM candra kA darzana karavAyA jAnA caahie| 12 AzvalAyanagRhya sUtra meM yaha ullekha hai ki kisI kAraNa vaza yaha saMskAra uparyukta avadhi ke bhItara sampanna nahIM ho pAtA hai to annaprAzana saMskAra ke sAtha avazya kiyA jAnA caahie| 13 jyotiSa ke anusAra Apattijanaka tithiyoM ko chor3akara ukta vikalpoM ke sAtha mAtA-pitA kI suvidhA evaM bAlaka kI svAsthya-rakSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA caahie| hama dekhate haiM ki tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko niSpanna karane ke bhinna-bhinna kAla batAe gae haiN|

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sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi ...87 sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra meM upayogI mukhya sAmagrI ___ yaha saMskAra sampanna karate samaya kauna-kaunasI vastue~ anivArya rUpa se upayoga meM AtI haiM? isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAradinakara meM avazya ullekha milatA hai kintu digambara evaM vaidika-paramparA meM tatsambandhI koI vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotA hai| __ AcAradinakara14 meM isa saMskAra hetu sUrya aura candra kI mUrti, inakI pUjAsAmagrI, jina pratimA kI snAtropayogI sAmagrI, eka pavitra kakSa Adi vastuoM ko jarUrI mAnA haiN| sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi kA sAhityika svarUpa zvetAmbara-AcAradinakara meM caturtha saMskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra varNita hai15 * sarvaprathama zizu ke janma ke tIsare dina gRhastha guru samIpastha gRha meM arhat-pUjana kre| * phira jina pratimA ke Age svarNa, tAmra yA rakta caMdana kI sUrya pratimA ko sthApita kre| usake bAda zarIra zuddhi kI huI mAtA ko bAlaka sahita sUrya ke sammukha lekara jAe aura veda maMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue mAtA evaM putra ko pratyakSa rUpa se sUrya ke darzana kraae| sUrya darzana karavAne kA mantra nimna hai - ___"OM arham sUryo'si, dinakaro'si, sahasra kiraNo'si, vibhAvasurasi, tamo'paho'si, priyaMkaro'si, zivaMkaro'si jagaccakSurasi, suraveSTito'si, muniveSTito'si, vitatavimAno'si, tejomayo'si, arUNasArathirasi, mArtaNDo'si, dvAdazAtmAsi cakravAndhavo'si, namaste bhagavan prasIdAsya kulasya tuSTiM puSTiM pramodaM kurU kurU sannihito bhava aham / " . * isa prakAra maMtroccAraNa pUrvaka sUrya ke darzana karane ke bAda mAtA zizu sahita gRhastha guru ko praNAma kre| * guru AzIrvAda de| * tadanantara guru apane sthAna para Akara jina pratimA ke samakSa sthApita sUrya pratimA ko visarjita kre| sUtaka hone ke kAraNa mAtA aura zizu ko vahA~ nahIM le jAte haiN| * usI dina saMdhyAkAla ke samaya anya kakSa meM gRhastha guru jinapratimA kI pUjA karake unake samakSa sphaTika, cAMdI yA candana kI candra pratimA ko sthApita kare tathA candra pratimA kA zAMtika-pauSTika karma Adi kre| phira candra ke udaya

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88...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ho jAne para mAtA aura zizu ko candra ke sammukha le jAe aura veda maMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue candra ke pratyakSa darzana krvaae| candra darzana kA mantra yaha hai___ "aha~ candro'si, nizAkaro'si, sudhAkaro'si, candramAasi, grahapatirasi, nakSatrapatirasi, kaumudIpatirasi, nizApatirasi, madanamitrarasi, jagajjIvanamasi, jaivAtRko'si, auSadhigarbho'si, vaMdyo'si, pUjyo'si, namaste bhagavan asya kulasya, RddhiM kurU, vRddhiM kurU, tuSTiM kurU, puSTiM kurU jayaM vijayaM kurU bhadraM kurU, pramodaM kurU zrI zazAMkAya nama: aha~ / " * candra kA darzana karane ke bAda mAtA guru ko namana kre| guru AzIrvAda pradAna kre| usake pazcAta vaha gRhastha guru jinapratimA aura candra pratimA-donoM ko visarjita kre| isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM itanA vizeSa hai ki yadi usa dina caturdazI yA amAvasyA ho athavA AkAza bAdaloM se AcchAdita hone ke kAraNa candra darzana na ho pAyA ho, to bhI pUjana usI sandhyA meM karanA caahie| candra darzana candramA ke udaya hone para anya rAtri meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| bahiryAna saMskAra vidhi digambara- digambara paramparA ke AdipurANa meM sUrya-candra darzana karavAne sambandhI koI carcA nahIM hai, kevala janmotsava (priyodbhava) saMskAra ke samaya tIsare dina rAta ko 'anantajJAnadarzIbhava'-yaha mantra par3hakara navajAta zizu ko godI meM uThAkara tAroM se suzobhita AkAza kA darzana karavAnA cAhie16-aisA ullekha milatA hai| isa prakriyA ko kisI apekSA se candra darzana vidhi ke antargata rakha sakate haiM kintu mUlata: sUrya-candra darzana kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| jisa bahiryAna saMskAra ko sUrya-candra darzana ke samakakSa mAnA gayA hai, usa saMskAra vidhi kA varNana karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki dvija ko nimna mantroM kA jApa karanA cAhie aura ina mantroM ko bolate hue zizu ko AzIrvAda denA cAhie tathA arihanta paramAtmA kI pUjA Adi zeSa vidhi pUrvavata jAnanI caahie|17 AzIrvAda mantra isa prakAra hai "upanayaniSkrAntibhAgI bhava, vaivAha niSkrAntibhAgIbhava, munIndraniSkrAntibhAgIbhava, surendraniSkrAntibhAgIbhava, mandarAbhiSeka niSkrAnti- bhAgIbhava yauvarAjayaniSkrAntibhAgIbhava, mahArAjya nisskraantibhaagiibhv|"

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sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi ...89 isa mantra kA tAtparya hai - yajJopavIta, vivAha, munipada, surendrapada, yuvarAjapada, mahArAjapada evaM arihaMtapada kI prApti ke lie nikalane vAlA bana arthAta isa duniyA meM kadama rakhane ke sAtha hI kramaza: yuvarAja Adi padoM ko prApta karatA huA arihaMtapada kI prApti karanA, bAharI jagata kA paricaya karane ke sAtha-sAtha Abhyantara rUpa se Atmajagata kA paricaya prApta krnaa| prastuta mantrollekha se sUcita hotA hai ki isa paramparA meM yaha saMskAra bhautika jagata ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika jagata meM praveza pAne hetu kiyA jAtA hai| isI ke sAtha jaba bAlaka ko jinAlaya ke darzana karavAte haiM, usa samaya darzana karAte hue 'U~ namo'rhate bhagavate jina bhAskarAya jinendra pratimA darzane asya bAlakasya dIrghAyuSyaM AtmadarzanaM ca bhUyAt'-yaha mantra par3hate haiN|18 isa mantra meM bhI Atma darzana kI bAta kahI gaI hai| digambara paramparA meM bahiryAna-saMskAra kI yahI vidhi hai| dhRti saMskAra- digambara mata meM pracalita dhuti nAmaka cauthA saMskAra garbha kI vRddhi ke lie garbhAdhAna se sAtaveM mahIne meM, suyogya gRhasthoM dvArA vidhi pUrvaka sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| niSkramaNa saMskAra vidhi vaidika- bAlaka ko sRSTi ke unmukta vAtAvaraNa meM praveza karavAne ke lie jo vidhi yA kriyAkANDa kie jAte haiM, unheM vaidika-paramparA meM niSkramaNa saMskAra nAma diyA gayA hai| isa saMskAra vidhi kA prAcIna svarUpa isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai - muhUrtasaMgraha ke anusAra yaha saMskAra sampanna karane ke nizcita dina meM mAtA gRha AMgana ke aise vargAkAra bhAga ko jahA~ se sUrya dikhAI de sake gobara aura miTTI se lIpatI thii| phira usa para svastika kA cihna banAkara dhAnyakaNoM ko bikheratI thii|19 paravartIkAlIna granthoM ke anusAra bAlaka ko bhalIbhA~ti alaMkRta kara kula devatA ke samakSa lAyA jAtA hai| vAdya-saMgIta ke sAtha devatA kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| ATha lokapAloM, sUrya, candra, vAsudeva aura AkAza kI stuti kI jAtI hai| brAhmaNoM ko bhojana diyA jAtA hai aura zubha sUcaka zlokoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| zaMkha dhvani evaM vaidika mantroM ke uccAraNa ke sAtha zizu ko bAhara lAyA jAtA hai| bAhara lAte samaya pitA nimna zloka kA uccAraNa karatA hai-'yaha zizu apramatta ho yA pramatta, dina ho yA rAtri, indra ke netRtva meM saba deva isakI rakSA kreN|'20

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90... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana usake bAda zizu ko kisI devAlaya meM le jAyA jAtA hai, jahA~ dhUpa, puSpa dvArA devArcana hotA hai| zizu devatA ko praNAma karatA hai aura brAhmaNa use AzIrvAda dete haiN| isake pazcAta bAlaka ko mAmA kI goda meM de dete haiM aura vahI zizu ko ghara lekara AtA hai| gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra pitA bAlaka ko bAhara lekara AtA thA aura 'taccakSurdevahitam' Adi mantra ke sAtha sUrya ke darzana karavAtA thaa| 21 bRhaspati meM isase kucha bhinna vidhi kahI gaI hai| usameM zizu ko pitA dvArA yA mAmA dvArA bAhara lAyA jAnA, gobara va miTTI se lIpe hue AMgana para biThAnA, pitA dvArA 'tryambakaM yajAmahe' Adi mRtasaMjIvana mantra kA japa karanA, ziva-gaNeza kA pUjana karanA aura use phala Adi khAdya padArtha die jAne kA varNana hai| 22 isa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra apanI kula - paramparA ke anurUpa gRha zuddhi, mana zuddhi, devArcana, mantra - jApa aura brAhmaNa dAna kI vidhi ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prayojana navajAta zizu ko bAharI duniyA se paricita karavAne hetu kucha vidhividhAna nimna prayojanoM se sampanna kie jAte haiN| bahiryAna- niSkramaNa saMskAra kA kAla caturtha mAsa kyoM? digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra lagabhaga tIsare yA cauthe mahIne meM kiyA jAtA hai| isake pIche bacce kI asahiSNu tvacA ko kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usakI tAtkAlika tvacA meM itanI grAhyatA evaM sahanazIlatA nahIM hotI hai ki bAhya prAkRtika prabhAva ko sahana kara ske| yaha pramANa purassara hai ki navIna - paudhA sUrya ke prabhAva se mRtaprAya sA ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra caturtha mAsa se pUrva sUrya ke samparka meM lAne se bacce kI zArIrika svasthatA para kucha viparIta pariNAma par3a sakate haiN| isa saMskAra ko caturtha mAsa meM karane ke pIche yaha prayojana bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki prAcInakAla meM Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga ke anurUpa logoM kI surakSA vyavasthA paryApta nahIM thI / taba bastiyoM ke Asa-pAsa jaMgala bharA kSetra rahatA thA, jisameM hiMsaka jIva-jantu rahA karate the / inake dvArA usa asahAya evaM ajJAnI zizu kI rakSA, khAsakara ghara se bAhara, apekSA ke anurUpa saMbhava nahIM ho pAtI

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sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi ...91 thI, ata: janma ke bahuta dinoM bAda taka use ghara kI cAradIvArI ke andara hI rakhA jAtA thA aura usakI surakSA ke anekAneka prabandha kie jAte the| yaha isa saMskAra para dRSTi dene se jJAta hotA hai|23 zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIsare dina hI sUrya-candra darzana karavAne kA jo nirdeza hai, usakA rahasya mArmika hai| jaina Agama granthoM meM bhI 'taie divase caMdasUradasaNayaM kariti' kA hI ullekha hai| ___ mantra jApa evaM maMtroccAraNa kA prayoga kyoM? yaha saMskAra sampAdita karate samaya kisI na kisI rUpa meM maMtroccAraNa nizcita rUpa se kie jAte haiN| isake kucha kAraNa ye haiM-sarvaprathama bhAratIya saMskRti taMtra-maMtra para kucha adhika vizvAsa karane vAlI saMskRti hai| phalata: kisI bhI mAMgalika avasara para mantroccAra kA honA nitAnta hI svAbhAvika hai| isa mantroccAra ke pIche kevala paramparA ko svIkAranA hI paryApta nahIM hai, isameM aura bhI tathya dRSTigocara hote haiN| maMtroM kA varNa-saMyojana, usakA krama-nirdhAraNa evaM usakI dhvaniyA~ sAmAnya aura laukika vAkya se bhinna huA karatI haiN| mantroM kA sambandha manovaijJAnika tathA cikitsAzAstrIya tathyoM se bhI hai| Aja ke vikasita yuga meM hama dekhate haiM ki manovaijJAnika cikitsA kA kSetra mAnasika evaM zArIrika rogAkula jagata meM vyApaka hotA jA rahA hai| duHsAdhya rogoM kA ilAja bhI isa paddhati ke dvArA AsAnI se saMbhava ho rahA hai| jahA~ auSadhiyoM kA prayoga saphala nahIM hotA hai, vahA~ manovaijJAnika cikitsA dvArA roga vinirmukti hone lagI hai| __ mantra dhvani bhI eka aisI taraMga hai, jo karNendriya dvArA zarIra ke andara saMsparza se prabhAvita karatI hai tathA usa prakAra kI kriyAoM meM gati pradAna karatI hai| kucha mantroM kA prayoga amuka-amuka samaya meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| yadi mantroM kA uccAra asamaya meM kiyA jAe to hAnikAraka pariNAma bhI upasthita ho sakate haiN| jisa prakAra gaharI nidrA meM soe hue vyakti ko ucca svara dvArA prabodhita karane se usake mana-mastiSka para galata prabhAva par3atA hai, vaha pAgala bhI ho sakatA hai| isI taraha mantroccAra kA dArzanika-svarUpa bhI bahuta hI rahasyamaya hai, jisake antargata nizcita zabdoM dvArA, nizcita samaya evaM nizcita zailI meM

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92... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mantroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA haiM, usakA buddhi evaM AtmA para bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se acche pariNAma hote haiN| inhIM saba kAraNoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hu pratyeka saMskAra ke samaya mantroccAra kiyA jAnA lAbhakArI hai| 24 brAhmaNoM ko bhojana dAna kyoM ? vaidika mAnyatAnusAra isa saMskAra ko sampanna karate samaya brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karavAyA jAtA hai evaM unakI pUjA pUrvaka yaha vidhi pUrNa kI jAtI haiN| isa viSaya meM yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM ki vaha nanhAsA bAlaka sarvaprathama apane ghara kI caukhaTa ke bAhara jyoM hI bAharI duniyA ke samparka meM AtA hai, tyoM hI apanI pArivArika sampadA ko logoM ke bIca bA~TatA hai| isake dvArA cAra mAha ke bacce meM sampUrNa saMsAra kI kauTumbika bhAvanA ko darzAyA jAtA hai tathA eka samatAmUlaka sAmAjika saraMcanA kI kalpanA zizu ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI hai| brAhmaNa ko bhojana karavAne kA yahI prayojana siddha hotA hai| sUrya-candra kA hI darzana kyoM ? zrIrAma zarmA AcArya kA kahanA hai ki sUrya nirantaratA, gatizIlatA, teja prakAza evaM uSNatA kA pratIka hai| usakI kiraNeM isa saMsAra meM jIvana saMcAra karatI haiM, ataeva bAlaka meM bhI ina guNoM kA vikAsa ho| sUrya nirantara calatA rahatA hai, vaha apane kartavyoM se eka kSaNa ke lie bhI vimukha nahIM hotA, usI taraha yaha bAlaka bhI nirantara pArivArika evaM sAmAjika kartavyoM kA nirvahana karatA rhe| sUrya evaM candra darzana ke sAtha - sAtha bAlaka ko yaha zikSA dI jAtI haiM ki use bhAvI jIvana meM AlasI, DhIlA - polA yA aniyamita nahIM honA hai ataH vaha sUrya ko dekhe aura usakI rIti-nIti kA anusaraNa kre| sUrya prakAzavAna evaM tejasvI hotA hai tathA candramA saumya evaM zItala hotA hai, usakA darzana karane vAlA bAlaka bhI tejasvI evaM zItala svabhAvI bane / sUrya meM garmI hotI hai| hamArI nasa-nAr3iyoM meM bhI garama rakta bahatA rahe, hamAre hausale bar3hate rheN| yaha saMskAra preraNA detA hai ki paristhitiyA~ bhale hI pratikUla hoM para hameM Adarzo kI rakSA ke lie garama ( tatpara) hI rahanA caahie| jisa prakAra sUrya svayaM garama rahatA hai, dUsaroM ko bhI garama rakhatA hai / vaise hI isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bAlaka svayaM sakriya rahe aura dUsaroM ko bhI gatizIla banAe rakhe yaha abhisipta hai|

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sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi ...93 sUrya kI kiraNeM prANa saMcAraka mAnI gaIM haiN| saMsAra kI sajIvatA isI ke kAraNa hai| vanaspati, jIva- jantu, kITa-pataMga Adi vividha prakAra ke jIva sUrya se prApta hone vAlI prANa zakti ke kAraNa hI sajIva haiM ata: sUrya-darzana karate hue bAlaka ke prANavAna rahane evaM usake sajIva bane rahane kI AkAMkSA kI jA sakatI hai| - sUrya-candra kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye akele paribhramaNa nahIM karate, apitu parivAra ke sAre grahoM aura upagrahoM ko sAtha lekara calate haiN| sabako apanI AkarSaNa zakti se bAMdhe rakhate haiM, sabako gati dete haiM, usI prakAra yaha bAlaka apanI zakti-sAmarthya se parivAra ko sAtha lekara cale, sabake kalyANa aura utthAna kI bAta soce| ____ isa taraha sUrya-candra darzana kI prakriyA ke pIche aisI aneka zikSAe~ samAviSTa haiM, jo bAlaka ke jIvana meM vikAsa ko sunizcita karatI haiM aura unake guNoM ko guNAntarita karatI hai| isI uddezya kI sampUrti hetu sUrya-candra kA darzana karavAyA jAtA hai| bahiryAna yA niSkramaNa saMskAra se hone vAle lAbha __ bAlaka ke janma lene ke bAda use kama-se-kama tIna cAra mahInoM taka ghara ke vAtAvaraNa meM hI rakhA jAtA hai| niSkramaNa saMskAra ke dvArA prathama bAra use bAhya prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa ke samparka meM lAyA jAtA hai| bAlaka para isakA prabhAva vividha dRSTiyoM se dekhA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra se bAlaka kA mAnasika vikAsa hotA hai| usameM bAhya jagata ko jAnane ke lie bauddhika sphuraNA paidA hotI hai| vaha ghara se lekara nanihAla taka apanA sAmAjika dAyarA bar3hAtA hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra dvArA zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika Adi anekaza: lAbha prApta hote haiN|25 ____yadi vartamAna pariprekSya meM isa saMskAra kA mUlyAMkana kareM to kisI apekSA se isa saMskAra ke prayojana evaM usakI arthavattA nirarthaka siddha hotI hai, kyoMki Ajakala adhikAMza baccoM kA janma haoNspITala meM hotA hai mAtAe~ navajAta bacce ko sAtha lekara samudra taTa, hoTala, sinemAghara evaM deza-videza kI yAtrA Adi para bhI le jAtI haiN| ghara ke vAtAvaraNa meM surakSita rakhane kI bhAvanA nahIMvata raha gaI hai| ekala parivAra saMskRti bhI isakA eka mukhya kAraNa hai|

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94... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka cintana jaba hama zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM mAnya pUrvokta saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM to paraspara kaI prakAra kI samAnatAe~ aura asamAnatAe~ vibhinna apekSAoM se dRSTigata hotI haiM krama kI apekSA - zvetAmbara, digambara aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM sUrya-candra ke darzana karAne sambandhI paramparA ko mAnyatA milI hai, parantu krama kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to zvetAmbara meM sUrya-candra-darzana saMskAra kA sthAna cauthA hai, jabaki digambara meM AThavA~ evaM vaidika-dharma meM sAtavA~ sthAna hai| nAma kI apekSA - ukta paramparAoM meM bAlaka ko prathama bAra bAharI duniyA se paricita karavAne hetu jo saMskAra kie jAte haiM unake nAmoM ko lekara antara dekhA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara meM yaha 'sUryendudarzana' ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai, digambara paramparA meM 'bahiryAna' ke nAma se pracalita hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM 'niSkramaNa' ke nAma se svIkRta hai| vastutaH ye tInoM saMskAra nAma kI dRSTi se bhinna hone para bhI artha kI dRSTi se samAnatA rakhate haiN| , adhikArI kI apekSA - zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karavAne kA yogyadhikArI jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM guNa sampanna dvija ko isakA adhikArI batalAyA gayA hai tathA vaidika-dharma meM zizu ke pitA yA usake mAmA ko isa saMskAra kA adhikAra diyA gayA hai| kAla kI apekSA - zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra janma se tIsare dina kiyA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM dUsare se lekara cauthe mahIne ke bAda kisI bhI zubha dina meM kie jAne kA nirdeza hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM, isa saMskAra kA kAla bArahaveM dina se lekara cAra mAsa taka mAnA gayA hai| vidhi kI apekSA - zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya mAtA evaM zizu ko mantra pUrvaka sUrya aura candra ke darzana karavAe jAte haiN| gRhastha guru usa dina jinapratimA kI snAtrapUjA karatA hai, usake sammukha sUrya evaM candra kA AkAra banAkara rakhatA hai tathA kriyA vidhi pUrNa hone ke bAda sthApita sUrya-candra kA visarjana kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra isa saMskAra ke sabhI kRtya sUrya-candra darzana se hI sambandhita hote haiN|

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sUrya-candra darzana saMskAra vidhi ...95 digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya dvija dvArA zizu ko mantra pUrvaka AzIrvAda diyA jAtA hai tathA jinAlaya ke darzana karavAkara usake dIrghAyuSya kI prArthanA kI jAtI hai| vaidika paramparA meM saMskAra kie jA rahe bAlaka ko kuladevatA kA darzana karavAnA, lokapAla Adi devoM kI stuti karanA, zubha mantroM kA uccAraNa karanA, zizu ko devAlaya meM le jAnA ityAdi kriyAe~ sampanna kI jAtI haiN| upasaMhAra ___ yadi hama isa saMskAra para gaharAI se vicAra karate haiM, to aneka maulikatattva sAmane Ate haiN| sAtha hI isa saMskAra kI phalazruti kyA hai ? isakA bodha bhI bhalIbhA~ti ho jAtA hai| niSkramaNa saMskAra lokAcAra kI satpravRtti kA paricAyaka hai| yaha navajAta zizu ko ghara se bAhara le jAne kA saMskAra hai| isakA abhiprAya bacce ko asat ke garbha se sat ke prakAza meM lAnA hai| vidvAnoM ne isa saMskAra kA phala Aya kI vRddhi batAyA hai| isake pIche mukhya kAraNa sUrya evaM candrAdi devatAoM kA pUjana karanA tathA bAlaka ke pitA dvArA paMcabhUtoM ke adhiSThAtA devatAoM se bAlaka ke kalyANa kI kAmanA karanA rahA hai| pUrva kAla meM isa saMskAra ke samaya bAlaka ko apane bar3oM kA AzIrvAda milA karatA thA- 'jIved zaradaH shtm| aba isa saMskAra kA mahattva isalie ghaTa gayA hai, kyoMki adhikatara bAlakoM kA janma prAya: ghara ke bAhara hI hotA hai| suspaSTa hai ki yaha saMskAra bAlaka kI suSupta zaktiyoM ko jAgRta karane, zizu ko bAhara kI duniyA kA yathArtha paricaya karAne evaM sAmAjika prANI hone kA bodha karane ke nimitta kiyA jAtA hai| sandarbha sUcI 1. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 110 2. AcAradinakara, bhAga-1, pR. 11 3. AdipurANa 4. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 112 5. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhAga-1, pR. 253 6. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. 1., pR. 182 N

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96... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 7. AcAradinakara, pR. 11 8. AdipurANa, parva- 38, pR. 247 9. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 11 10. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/17/5-6 11. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. 1, pR. 250 12. tatastRtIye karttavyaM, mAsi sUryasya drshnm| caturthamAsi karttavyaM, zizoracandrasya drshnm|| 13. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 111 14. AcAradinakara, pR. 12 15. AcAradinakara, pR. 11-12 16. AdipurANa, parva 39, pR. 306 17. AdipurANa, parva 39, pR. 307 18. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 11 19. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 112 20. hindUsaMskAra pR. 113 hindUsaMskAra, pR.111 21. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/17/5-6 22. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. - 1, pR. 254 23. SoDazasaMskAra, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA, pR. 20 24. SoDazasaMskAra, pR. 20-21 25. AdhAra-yajJoM evaM saMskAroM para eka dRSTikoNa, DaoN. rAjamana, pR. 41

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adhyAya -6 kSIrAzana(dugdhapAna) saMskAra vidhi kA kriyAtmaka svarUpa bhAratIya saMskRti ucca AdarzoM kI saMskRti rahI hai| isameM pratyeka mAnava ko susaMskRta banAne ke lie kaI prakAra ke niyama-upaniyama, vidhi-vidhAna pracalita haiN| yaha sarvavidita hai ki bAlyakAla yA zaizavakAla meM die gae saMskAra bAlaka ko sampUrNa jIvana kI yAtrA meM prabhAvita karate haiN| bAlyakAla kaccI miTTI kI bhA~ti hotA hai| jisa prakAra miTTI ko manacAhe AkAra meM parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra bacce ke bhAvI jIvana ke nirmANa kA AdhAra bhI bAlyakAla hI hotA hai| hamAre RSi-maharSiyoM kI sUjhabUjha kitanI gaharI hogI? unakA cintana kitanA vyApaka hogA? unakI bhAvanAe~ kitanI paropakArayukta hoMgI? ki unhoMne zizu dvArA mAtA ke stanapAna kie jAne kI prakriyA ko bhI saMskAra kI zrRMkhalA meM rkhaa| isa saMskAra kA rahasya gUDhArtha ko liye hue haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| isa nAma kA saMskAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI upalabdha hotA hai digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa nAma kA koI saMskAra nahIM hai| yadi hama kSIrAzana saMskAra kI tulanA digambara aura vaidika paramparA se karanA cAheM to digambara meM mAnya chaThavAM priyodbhava saMskAra aura vaidika dharma meM mAnya cauthe jAtakarma saMskAra ko kSIrAzana saMskAra ke samAnArthaka rakhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA meM priyodbhava saMskAra ke samaya aura vaidika paramparA meM jAtakarma saMskAra ke samaya mAtA ke stanapAna kI kriyA bhI kara dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha saMskAra tInoM paramparAoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|

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98...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kSIrAzana saMskAra kA zAbdika paryAya kSIra=dUdha, azana bhojana arthAta navajAta bAlaka ko vidhi- vidhAna evaM maMtroccAra pUrvaka dugdhapAna karAnA kSIrAzana saMskAra hai| kSIrAzana saMskAra kI naitika AvazyakatA __ yadi hama zarIra zAstra evaM cikitsA zAstra kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to isa saMskAra kI nitAMta anivAryatA siddha hotI hai| dUdha eka tarala, madhura evaM pauSTika AhAra hai| isakA sevana sabhI ke lie lAbhakArI mAnA gayA hai| ise cabAne kI evaM pacAne kI jarUrata nahIM rahatI hai| yaha binA dA~toM ke grahaNa kiyA jA sakane vAlA AhAra hai tathA isa AhAra ko hajama karane ke lie pAcanataMtra kI pUrNa sakriyatAM bhI apekSita nahIM hotI hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra dUsarA pakSa yaha hai ki saMsArI prANI binA AhAra ke Tika nahIM sakatA hai| mA~ ke garbha meM Ate hI usakI AhAra prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai, taba janma lene ke bAda to AhAra kI anivAryatA svataHsiddha hai| tIsarA tathya yaha hai ki navajAta zizu ke dA~ta nahIM hote aura usakA pAcanataMtra bhI pUrNa vikasita nahIM hotA hai| ye zaktiyA~ kramaza: bar3hatI haiM, taba usa sthiti meM dUdha hI eka aisA padArtha bacatA hai, jo usa zizu ke lie pauSTika, zaktizAlI evaM Arogyavardhaka hotA haiM ata: navajAta zizu kI puSTatA evaM ArogyatA kI vRddhi ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki navajAta zizu ko mAtA ke stanapAna dvArA hI dugdhAhAra kyoM karavAyA jAtA hai? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM bahuta bar3A manovijJAna chipA huA hai| sarvaprathama yaha praNAlI svAbhAvika yA prANIya prakRti ke anurUpa hai| dUsarA tathya hai ki vyakti ke hArmonsa evaM usakI bhAvanAe~ Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM vidyut vega kA kArya karatI hai| vyakti ke AcAra-vicAra evaM kriyAkalApa dvArA usakA AbhAmaNDala nirmita hotA hai| suyogya evaM uttama vicAroM kA pravAha hone para usI prakAra kA prabhAvI AbhAmaNDala taiyAra hotA hai aura usa AbhAmaNDala ke sannikaTa Ane vAle pratyeka vyakti kI jIvana zailI nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM hI sahI, usase avazya prabhAvita hotI hai| yahI bAta stanapAna ke sambandha meM lAgU hotI hai| mAtA ke stana dvArA na kevala bAlaka kA zArIrika-vikAsa hotA hai, apitu mAtA-pitA ke aMgIya guNoM jaise- zUravIratA, sAttvikatA, dhIratA,

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kSIrAzana(dugdhapAna) saMskAra vidhi kA kriyAtmaka svarUpa ...99 sahanazIlatA, gaMbhIratA Adi kA bhI bAlaka meM vikAsa hotA hai| yaha vikAsa yA parivartana mAtA-pitA ke hArmonsa evaM bacce ke prati umar3a rahe vAtsalya bhAvoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| eka dRSTi se kaheM, to mAtA ke stanapAna dvArA bAlaka kA sampUrNa jIvana hI nirmita hotA hai| ye saMskAra botala ke dUdha yA anya dUdha ke dvArA nahIM die jA sakate haiN| vartamAna yuga meM stanapAna kA kAryakrama zanaiH zanaiH samApta hotA jA rahA hai to usake viparIta pariNAma bhI hameM sAkSAt dekhane ko mila rahe haiN| Ajakala ke baccoM meM vinamratA, saralatA, samarpaNa, dayAlutA, AjJAniSThatA Adi ke guNa dekhanA cAheM to nirAzA hI najara aaegii| inake sthAna para uddaNDatA, ahaMkAritA, AjJAhInatA, ucchRkhalatA Adi durguNoM ne apanA DerA jamA liyA hai| ina durguNoM ke praveza hone ke anya kaI kAraNa aura bhI ho sakate haiM, kintu unameM eka kAraNa bAlaka ko mAtA ke stanapAna se vaMcita rakhanA bhI hai| vartamAna yuga meM isa prakriyA ko asabhyatA kI koTi meM jAnA jAtA hai| yaha pAzcAtya saMskRti kA prabhAva hai, parantu mAnava vikAsa ke lie yaha bahuta hAnikAraka siddha ho rahA hai| yadi hamArI mAtAe~ santAna ke ujjvala bhaviSya ke lie punarvicAra kareM to yaha saMskAra punarjIvita ho sakatA hai| isa saMskAra prayojana kA tIsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki navajAta zizu ke lie mAtA ke stanapAna dvArA prApta hone vAlA dUdha apekSAkRta anya mAdhyamoM se prApta dUdha se adhika supAcya evaM guNakArI hotA hai, jisase zizu usa dUdha ko AsAnI se pacA sakatA hai aura usakA uttama zArIrika vikAsa hotA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kA eka kAraNa yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki dUdha ko amRta ke samAna kahA gayA hai| uttama bhAvoM dvArA pilAyA gayA evaM piyA gayA dUdha amRta kA kArya karatA hai ata: bAlaka kA jIvana amRtamaya (AyuSmAn) bane, yaha hetu bhI isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko puSTa karatA hai| isa prakAra kSIrAzana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA aneka binduoM se suspaSTa hai| kSIrAzana saMskAra karavAne ke zAstra sammata adhikArI zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko karavAne kA adhikArI jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko mAtA-pitA dvArA karAe jAne kA nirdeza hai| vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra pitA dvArA kie jAne kA ullekha hai|

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100...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kSIrAzana saMskAra sambandhI zubha muharta vicAra yaha saMskAra kisa zubha dina meM kiyA jAnA cAhie-isa sambandhI koI vivecana kisI bhI paramparA meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai, kevala samayAvadhi kA ullekha par3hane ko milatA hai| kSIrAzana saMskAra hetu upayukta kAla ___zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko janma ke tIsare dina arthAta candrasUrya-darzana ke dina karane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra priyodbhava(jAtakarma) nAmaka saMskAra ke sAtha janma ke prathama dina hI kiyA jAtA hai tathA vaidika-paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko jAtakarma saMskAra ke sAtha janma ke prathama dina hI sampanna karane kA ullekha hai| kSIrAzana saMskAra meM prayukta sAmagrI isa saMskAra meM prayukta hone vAlI sAmagrI kA nirdeza zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM nahIM hai| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM to isa nAma kA alaga se koI saMskAra hI nahIM hai, ata: unameM isa sAmagrI kA pAyA jAnA asaMbhava hI hai, parantu AcAradinakara meM bhI tatsambandhI sAmagrI kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| hama isa saMskAra vidhi kA samyak paricaya jJAta kara Avazyaka sAmagrI kA sUcana kara sakate haiN| vaha isa prakAra hai - 1. eka bar3A pAtra 2. vividha tIrthoM ke jl| ye do sAmagriyA~ hI isa saMskAra hetu apekSita hotI haiN| kSIrAzana saMskAra kI zAstrokta vidhi zvetAmbara- zvetAmbara paramparA meM kSIrAzana saMskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra nirdiSTa hai- . sarvaprathama pUrvokta guNa sampanna gRhastha guru amRta maMtra dvArA tIrthodaka ko eka sau ATha bAra abhimaMtrita kre| * phira usa abhimaMtrita jala dvArA bAlaka ko aura mAtA ke donoM stanoM ko abhisiMcita kre| usake bAda mAtA kI goda meM sthita zizu kI nAsikA ko mAtA ke stana se lgaae| phira stana kA pAna karate hue bAlaka ko vidhikAraka guru maMtroccAra pUrvaka tIna bAra AzIrvAda deN| AzIrvAda mantra nimna hai - ___ "aha~ jIvo'si, AtmAsi, purUSo'si, zabdajJo'si, rUpajJo'si, rasajJo'si, gandhajJo'si, sparzajJo'si, sadAhAro'si, kRtAhAro'si, abhyastAhAro'si, kAvalikAhAro'si, lobhAhAro'si audArika zarIro'si,

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kSIrAzana(dugdhapAna) saMskAra vidhi kA kriyAtmaka svarUpa ...101 anehAhAreNa tavAMG varddhatAM, balaM varddhatAM, tejo varddhatAM, pATavaM varddhatAM, soSThavaM varddhatAM, pUrNAyurbhava, aha~ / " digambara- digambara-paramparA meM kSIrAzana saMskAra kI pRthak rUpa se koI vidhi nahIM dI gaI hai| isameM priyodbhava (jAtakarma)nAmaka saMskAra vidhi ke antargata hI isakI carcA kI gaI hai| tadanusAra zizu kA pitA mantroccAra pUrvaka yaha kahatA hai - 'tU tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke stana kA pAna karane vAlA ho|' aisA kahate hue mAtA ke stana ko abhimantrita kara, use bAlaka ke mu~ha meM lagA de| * usake bAda prIti pUrvaka dAna karate hue janmakAla kI kriyA ko samApta kre| digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI itanI hI vidhi dRSTigata hotI hai| vaidika- vaidika-paramparA meM bhI kSIrAzana saMskAra vidhi kI pRthak rUpa se koI carcA nahIM hai| jAtakarma saMskAra ke avasara para isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| vaidika paramparA meM jAtakarma saMskAra ke dina pramukha rUpa se dasa prakAra ke kRtya kie jAte haiN| unameM eka kRtya stana-pratidhAna yA stanapradAna se sambandhita hotA hai| yaha carcA bRhadAraNyakopaniSadapAraskara, vAjasaneyIsaMhitA, Apastaba, bhAradvAja Adi granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se huI hai tathA isa saMskAra karma dvArA bacce ko stanapAna karAne kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| inameM itanA bheda avazya hai ki kahIM eka stana ke lie aura kahIM donoM stanoM ke lie mantroccAraNa kA ullekha huA hai| kSIrAzana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana ____yadi hama kSIrAzana saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM to niSkarSa ke rUpa meM agra likhita bindu aura adhika spaSTa ho jAte haiN| _____ nAma viSayaka-kSIrAzana nAmaka saMskAra kI carcA kevala zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAradinakara meM hI upalabdha hotI hai, isake sivAya digambara, vaidika yA zvetAmbara paramparA ke anya kisI bhI grantha meM isakA varNana nahIM hai| isakA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA gayA ho| ina paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra viziSTa kRtya ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai tathA jAtakarma saMskAra meM isa saMskAra kA antarbhAva kara liyA gayA hai| adhikArI viSayaka- zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karAe jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki digambara evaM

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102...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra zizu ke mAtA-pitA dvArA kie jAne kA sUcana hai| kAla viSayaka- zvetAmbara paramparA ke matAnusAra yaha saMskAra janma ke tIsare dina kiyA jAnA cAhie kintu digambara evaM vaidika mata meM apanI kulaparamparA ke anurUpa janma ke dina hI ise sampanna karane kA ullekha hai| ___ mantra viSayaka- zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika-tInoM paramparAoM meM stanapAna se sambandhita mantroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, kintu mantroccAra evaM mantra-prakriyA kI paddhatiyA~ bhinna-bhinna haiN| ___ zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthodaka ko amRta maMtra dvArA abhimantrita kara usase mAtA ke stanoM ko abhisiJcita karane hetu kahA gayA hai| vaha amRta maMtra isa prakAra hai- "amRte amRtodbhave amRtavarSiNI amRtaM zrAvaya-zrAvaya svaahaa|" 10 digambara paramparA meM 'vizvezvarIstanyabhAgI bhUyA:' isa mantroccAra dvArA mAtA ke stana ko mantrita karane kA saMketa hai|11 vaidika paramparA meM stanoM ko abhimantrita karane kA vivaraNa to upalabdha hotA hai, kintu vaha mantra kaunasA hai ? yaha aspaSTa hai12| isa prakAra tInoM paramparAoM meM prathama stanapAna karane kI prakriyA ko upayogitA ke sAtha svIkArA gayA hai| vidhi viSayaka- zvetAmbara paramparA meM kSIrAzana saMskAra kI ati saMkSipta vidhi darzAI gaI hai| isameM yogya jala ko adhivAsita karanA, mAtA ke stanoM kA siMcana karanA tathA dUdha pIte hue bAlaka ke lie maMtroccArapUrvaka AzIrvAda pradAna karanA Adi kRtya pramukha rUpa se hote haiN| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI alaga se koI vidhi nahIM dI gaI hai, kevala mantroccAra pUrvaka mAtA dvArA bAlaka ko stanapAna karAne kI bAta kahI gaI hai| hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM kSIrAzana saMskAra kA pRthaka astitva mAnA gayA hai jabaki digambara evaM vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra kA koI alaga sthAna nahIM hai| upasaMhAra jaina paramparA ke saMskAroM meM kSIrAzana saMskAra kA advitIya sthAna rahA huA hai| isa saMskAra vidhi dvArA navajAta zizu ko sarvaprathama mAtA kA stanapAna karavAyA jAtA hai| vidhi-vidhAna evaM maMtroccAra kI prakriyA dvArA mAtA ke

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kSIrAzana(dugdhapAna) saMskAra vidhi kA kriyAtmaka svarUpa ...103 antarbhAvoM evaM stanapAna kI prakriyA ko sakriya evaM sazakta kiyA jAtA hai| stanapAna se jharane vAle dUdha ko amRta kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| amRta kA guNa zarIra ko hRSTa-puSTa evaM majabUta karanA hai| bAlaka kA zarIra bhI hRSTa-puSTa evaM balavAn ho, isI uddezya ko lekara yaha saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| navajAta zizu ke lie dugdhAhAra uttama guNakArI mAnA gayA hai| yahI AhAra AsAnI se pacatA hai aura balavRddhi bhI karatA hai| cikitsakoM evaM Adhunika DAkTaroM kA bhI yaha abhimata hai ki zarIra, mana evaM vicAroM kI ArogyatA banAe rakhane ke lie jIvana kI prArambhika vaya meM mAtA ke stanoM ke dugdha kA pAna karAyA jAnA caahie| Adhunika jIvana-praNAlI meM bhI isa AhAra kI AvazyakatA aura anivAryatA pratyakSata: dekhI jAtI hai| isa duniyA~ meM jIne vAlA lagabhaga pratyeka mAnava prAta:kAla sabase pahale dugdha kA sevana avazya karatA hai, phira vaha bAla ho yA vRddha, purUSa ho yA nArI, rogI ho yA nirogIisa AhAra kI upAdeyatA sabhI ke lie samAna rUpa se svIkArI gaI hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. AcAradinakara, pR. 12 2. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 304-305 3. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 94 4. AcAradinakara, pR. 12 5. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 305 6. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 194 7. AcAradinakara, pR. 12 8. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 305 .9. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 193-94 10. AcAradinakara, pR. 12 11. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 305 12. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 194

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adhyAya - 7 SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA vyAvahArika svarUpa Arya saMskRti meM devI-devatAoM kI ArAdhanA kA vizeSa mahattva prAcya kAla se hI rahA hai| vividha sandarbhoM meM bhinna-bhinna nimittoM se vibhinna devIdevatAoM kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saMskAra SaSThI nAmaka devI se sambandha rakhatA hai| isa saMskAra meM pramukha rUpa se devI - mAtAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM SaSThI saMskAra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha saMskAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI upalabdha hotA hai, digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa nAma kA eka bhI saMskAra upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi vaidika paramparA meM mAtRkAdevI pUjana kA ullekha avazya hai, kintu saMskAra ke nAma se pRthaka pUjana karane kA koI varNana nahIM hai / isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki SaSThI nAmaka yaha saMskAra zvetAmbara paramparA kA nijI saMskAra hai| kintu isa saMskAra para anya paramparA kA koI prabhAva nahIM ho yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai, kyoMki pUrvI uttara pradeza aura bihAra meM SaSThI mAtA ke pUjana kA pracalana Aja bhI hai| SaSThI saMskAra kA artha AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra kA tAtparya brAhmI Adi ATha mAtAoM evaM aMbikAdevI ke pUjana se hai| yahA~ SaSThI zabda saMskAra artha ko dyotita nahIM karatA hai| saMbhavata: yaha zabda kAlavAcI artha meM prayukta huA hai| digambara paramparA meM isa nAma kA koI saMskAra hI nahIM hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI SaSThI nAmaka saMskAra kA abhAva hI hai, parantu mAtRkA - pUjana karane kA varNana avazya upalabdha hotA hai / gobhilasmRti (1/13) meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI kRtyoM ke Arambha meM gaNAdhIza (gaNapati) ke sAtha mAtRkA kI pUjA honI cAhie | 2 gobhilasmRti (1/11-12) meM caudaha mAtRkAoM ke nAma bhI ginAe gae haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM - gaurI, padmA, zacI, medhA, sAvitrI, vijayA, jayA, devasenA, svadhA, svAhA, dhRti, puSTi, tuSTi evaM iSTadevI / mArkaNDeya (88 / 11 - 20 evaM 33 ) meM

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SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA vyAvahArika svarUpa... 105 mAtRgaNa ke nAma se sAta mAtAoM ke nAma nirdiSTa haiN| matsyapurANa (179/9-32) meM zatAdhika deviyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha haiM jaise - mAhezvarI, brAhmI, kaumArI, cAmuNDA aadi| isa prakAra vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM mAtRkA pUjana evaM mAtRkA ke nAmoM kI suspaSTa carcA prApta hotI hai / hindU paramparA meM SaSThI kA abhiprAya SaSThI devI se hai| vaha devI kAtyAyanI ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura durgA kA hI eka rUpa mAnI jAtI hai| sAtha hI solaha vidyA deviyoM meM se eka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina evaM hindU paramparA meM SaSThI devI kA artha bhinna-bhinna haiN| SaSThI saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kyoM aura kaba se? isa saMskAra ko prArambha karane kI AvazyakatA kyoM aura kisa sthiti meM huI? isa saMskAra ko sampAdita karane kA mukhya prayojana kyA rahA hogA ? ityAdi binduoM para vicAra karate haiM, to cintana kA niSkarSa yaha kahatA hai ki navajAta zizu para kisI prakAra kA amaMgalakArI, aniSTakArI evaM akalyANakArI upadrava na ho, kisI bhI prakAra kI AsurI zaktiyoM kA AkramaNa na ho, koI duSTa deva kupita hokara zizu kA apaharaNa na kara le, etadartha mAtAoM kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| prAcInakAla meM upadrava Adi kI saMbhAvanAe~ vizeSa rahatI hoMgI, azubha zaktiyoM kA prabhAva mukhya taura para dekhA jAtA hogA athavA kisI prakAra kI amaMgalakArI ghaTanAe~ ghaTita huI hoMgI, ataH ina paristhitiyoM meM isa saMskAra kA prAdurbhAva huA aisA jAna par3atA hai| Aja bhI grAmINa ilAkoM meM AsurI - zaktiyoM dvArA hone vAle upadravoM kI ghaTanAe~ sunane meM AtI haiN| yaha upadrava kisI duSTa devatA dvArA IrSyA ke vazIbhUta hokara yA svayaM ke pUrvakRta karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa yA manoraMjana karane kI dRSTi se huA karatA hai| jaina darzana kI eka avadhAraNA yaha hai ki yadi kisI ke sAtha burA kiyA hai, to usakA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai, kintu jaina dRSTi kI dUsarI vicAraNA yaha bhI hai - yadi koI vizuddha rIti se dharma sAdhanA karatA hai, to kRta pApa karma nirjarita ho jAte haiN| yahA~ mAtAoM ke pUjana karane kA hArda yahI hai / kisI mAnava mana meM yaha prazna taraMgita ho sakatA hai ki yadi pApa karmoM kA kSaraNa karanA hai, to usakA mAtRkAoM kI ArAdhanA se kyA sambandha hai? ye muktigAminI to hai nahIM, ataH tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM kI ArAdhanA - arcanA karanI

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106... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana caahie| bAta bilkula satya hai, parantu isa saMskAra meM kula paramparA ko viziSTa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yaha bAta jaina Agama granthoM meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se par3hane ko milatI hai| pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI calI A rahI paramparA ko kula paramparA kahate haiN| kula paramparA kA pAlana karanA bhI anivArya hotA hai, ata: isa saMskAra meM kula paramparA kA nirvAha karane ke lie mAtAoM kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| ina mAtAoM ko apAra zakti kA puMja mAnA gayA hai tathA ina mAtAoM kI arcanA karane se aniSTa kA nivAraNa hotA hai aura iSTa kArya kI prApti hotI hai aisA bhI svIkArA gayA hai| isI hetu inakA pUjana - vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / ukta varNana ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki amaMgalakArI zaktiyoM kA nivAraNa evaM maMgalakArI zaktiyoM kI prApti ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA dUsarA prayojana yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki navajAta kA avikasita mastiSka bahuta komala hotA hai / vaha komala aMga kisI prakAra kI azubha zaktiyoM se upahata na ho jAe, isase bacane ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kula - paramparA kA nirvAha karane ke lie bhI svIkArI gaI hai| aise kaI kAraNa SaSThI saMskAra kI AvazyakatA aura upAdeyatA ko susiddha karate haiN| janma ke chaThaveM dina hI SaSThI saMskAra kyoM? SaSThI devI vizeSa kA nAma hai| jaina dharma meM SaSThI devI kA Azaya brAhmI Adi ATha mAtAoM evaM aMbikA nAma kI devI se hai| jabaki hindU dharma meM SaSThI kA artha SaSThI nAma kI devI se hI hai| purANa sAhitya meM SaSThI devI ko zizuoM kI adhiSThAtrI devI ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| isa saMskAra kA abhiprAya, bAlakoM ko dIrghAyu pradAna karate hue unakA saMrakSaNa evaM bharaNa-poSaNa karanA jo SaSThI devI kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| yaha mAnyatA hai ki zizu janma kI chaThavIM rAtri meM bAlaka ke lie vizeSa ariSTa-yoga rahatA hai, aneka bhUta bAdhAe~ upasthita hone kI saMbhAvanAe~ rahatI haiM, ataeva bAlaka kI rakSA ke lie hI janma ke chaThaveM dina SaSThI devI kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| hindU avadhAraNA meM yaha bAta bhI svIkArI gaI hai ki bhagavatI SaSThI devI apane yoga ke prabhAva se zizuoM ke pAsa sadaiva vRddha mAtA ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| bAlakoM ko svapna meM khilAtI, haMsAtI, dulAratI evaM abhUtapUrva vAtsalya pradAna karatI rahatI haiM, isI kAraNa sabhI zizu adhikAMza

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SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA vyAvahArika svarUpa...107 samaya sonA hI pasaMda karate haiN| AMkha khulate hI bAlaka kI dRSTi se bhagavatI ojhala ho jAtI hai, ata: kabhI-kabhI zizu bahuta jora se rone bhI lagate haiN| yaha mananIya hai ki bAlaka ke janma hone ke sAtha hI ghara meM dasa dina kA sUtaka laga jAtA hai| isa avadhi meM ghara meM pratiSThita devatAoM kA pUjana parivAra ke asagotrIya sadasya (bahana-beTI ke parivAra) yA brAhmaNa dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai isI kAraNa nAmakaraNa saMskAra aura havana-pUjana kA vidhAna gyArahaveM dina sampanna kiyA jAtA hai, kintu purANoM ke anusAra SaSThI devI kA pUjana bAlaka ke mAtApitA dvArA chaThaveM dina kiyA jAtA hai, isameM jananA zauca kA vicAra nahIM mAnA gayA hai| SaSThI devI kA pUjana prAya: zAma ko karane kI paramparA hai, tadanantara rAtribhara jAgaraNa karate haiN| isameM jaina paramparA kI bhAMti SaSThI devI kI pratimA kisI kASTha pITha yA dIvAra para banAI jAtI hai athavA supArI, akSata punja Adi para bhI pUjA karane kI paripATI hai| hindU paramparA SaSThI pUjA kI eka suvyavasthita vidhi bhI hai| Aja bAlakoM ke janma ke chaThaveM dina prasUtigRha meM SaSThI-pUjana saMskAra kA vidhAna pracalita hai| isa varNana se sasiddha hai ki SaSThI devI kI upAsanA kA mahattva vaidika paramparA meM bhI purAtanakAla se rahA huA hai| SaSThI saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI yaha saMskAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI mAnya hai ata: AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane kA adhikAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko pradAna kiyA gayA hai| SaSThI saMskAra ke lie muhUrta vicAra yaha saMskAra kisI zubha dina yA zubha nakSatra Adi meM sampanna kiyA jAtA ho-aisA nahIM hai| isa saMskAra karma ke lie zubha dina ko apekSita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yaha kisI nizcita dina vizeSa meM susampanna kiyA jAtA hai| SaSThI saMskAra hetu zreSTha kAla zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jAtaka ke janma se chaThaveM dina saMdhyA ke samaya kiyA jAtA hai| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM SaSThI nAma kA saMskAra hI pracalita nahIM hai|

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108...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana SaSThI saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI ___SaSThI saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke lie agralikhita sAmagrI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai- (1) caMdana (2) dahI (3) dUrvA (4) akSata (5) kuMkuma (6) lekhinI(khaDiyA) (7) hiMgulAdivarNa (8) pUjA ke upakaraNa (9) naivedya (10) sadhavA striyA~ (11) darbha(kuza-ghAsa) (12) bhUmi lepana aura (13) SaSThI jAgaraNa hetu apekSita anya saba vstueN| vibhinna granthoM meM SaSThI saMskAra vidhi zvetAmbara paramparA meM SaSThI saMskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra darzAI gaI hai| - * sarvaprathama yaha saMskAra sampanna karane ke lie janma se chaThaveM dina kI saMdhyA meM gRhastha guru prasUtikakSa ke samIpa aae| SaSThI pUjana meM sUtaka kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| * phira sadhavA striyA~ sUtikAgRha ke bhitti bhAga evaM bhUmi bhAga para apane hAthoM se gobara kA lepa kreN| . usake bAda zukra-bRhaspati kisa dizA kI ora bhramaNa kara rahe haiM, aisA jyotiSa ke AdhAra para dekhakara zukra-bRhaspati ke bhramaNa karane kI dizA vAle bhitti bhAga ko khar3iyA miTTI(sapheda miTTI) Adi se sapheda kraae| . phira usa bhUmi bhAga ko cAroM tarapha se suzobhita kraae| * tadanantara bhitti ke sapheda vAle bhAga para sadhavA striyA~ hAthoM se kuMkuma-hiMgula Adi lAla varNoM dvArA ATha khar3I huI, ATha baiThI huI evaM ATha soI haI mAtAoM kA Alekhana kreN| * usake bAda saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~ maMgala gIta gaaeN| * tatpazcAta gRhastha guru caukora zubha Asana para baiThakara nimna krama se mAtAoM kI maMtra pUrvaka pUjA kreN| * isa pUjA ke krama meM khar3I huI mAtAoM meM se sarvaprathama sarasvatIdevI kA AhavAna kare, saMnidhAna kare, phira usakI sthApanA kare aura phira candana, dhUpa, dIpa, akSata, naivedya Adi ko maMtra pUrvaka arpita kreN| isI prakAra zeSa sAta mAtAoM kI bhI nirdiSTa maMtra pUrvaka candana Adi dvArA pUjA kreN| usake bAda baiThI huI evaM soI huI mAtAoM kA bhI pUrvokta mantroM dvArA tIna bAra pUjana kreN| kahIMkahIM cAmuNDA aura tripurA ko chor3akara chaH mAtAoM kA hI pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| ATha mAtAoM ke nAma ye haiM - (1) sarasvatI (2) mAhezvarI (3) kaumArI (4) vaiSNavI (5) vArAhI (6) indrANI (7) cAmuNDA aura (8) tripuraa| * ina ATha mAtAoM kI Alekhita AkRtiyoM kA pUjana kara lene ke bAda mAtR-sthApanA ke agrabhUmi bhAga para candana kA lepa kare aura usa para aMbikA rUpa

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SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA vyAvahArika svarUpa ...109 SaSThI mAtA kI sthApanA kre| * phira dadhi, caMdana, akSata, dUrvA Adi dvArA SaSThI mAtA kI pUjA kre| . usake bAda ATha mAtAoM kI taraha punaH SaSThI mAtA kA pUjana kre| tatpazcAta navajAta bAlaka kI mAtA sahita kula vRddhAe~, sadhavA striyA~ Adi gIta gAte hue evaM vAdya yantra bajAte hue SaSThI rAtri kA jAgaraNa kreN| * dUsare dina prAta:kAla meM gRhastha guru pratyeka mAtA kA nAma lekara ATha mAtAoM evaM SaSThI mAtA kA visarjana kre| . phira namaskAra maMtra se maMtrita kie hue jala dvArA bAlaka ko abhisiMcita kare tathA vedamaMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue AzIrvAda pradAna kre| _isa prakAra yaha saMskAra vidhi ATha mAtAoM evaM SaSThI mAtA ke AhvAna, sthApana, pUjana evaM visarjana pUrvaka sampanna kI jAtI hai| SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa / SaSThI saMskAra karma kA tulanAtmaka vivecana jaina granthoM (zvetAmbara granthoM) ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki anya paramparAoM meM isa nAma kA saMskAra hI nahIM hai| jaina granthoM ke sAtha bhI yaha samasyA hai ki SaSThI nAma se isa saMskAra kA ullekha eka mAtra AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha meM hI upalabdha hotA hai, isake sivAya prAcIna yA arvAcIna kinhIM bhI granthoM meM isa nAma ke saMskAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| yadyapi itanA avazya jAnane yogya hai ki jaina Agama granthoM meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha dharma jAgaraNa yA rAtri jAgaraNa ke nAma se prApta hotA hai aura unameM saMskAra ke kAla kA yatkiMcit hera-phera bhI hai| jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra meM dUsare dina rAtri jAgaraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, jabaki aupapAtika,9 rAjapraznIyA evaM kalpasUtra11 meM janma se chaThavI rAtri meM dharma jAgaraNa karane kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM SaSThI saMskAra kA kAla janma se chaThavAM dina hI batAyA gayA hai| jaba hama vardhamAnasUrikRta SaSThIsaMskAravidhi kA avalokana karate haiM, to yaha pakSa bhI sarvathA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne isa saMskAra ko Agamika paramparA evaM kula paramparA- donoM se jor3e rakhA hai| AcAradinakara meM rAtri jAgaraNa karane kA jo ullekha hai, yaha Agama-paramparA kA anusaraNa hai tathA ATha mAtAoM saha SaSThI mAtA kA vidhipUrvaka pUjana Adi karanA yaha kula paramparA kA nirvAhana hai| yaha saMskAra Agama evaM kula-donoM paramparAoM kA

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110...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMmizrita rUpa hone se isakA mahattva zatagunA bar3ha jAtA hai| isase suspaSTa hai ki SaSThI saMskAra kA astitva svatantra aura sarva grAhya hai| zvetAmbaramAnya AcAradinakarakRta SaSThI saMskAra kI apanI kaI viziSTatAe~ haiM nAma kI dRSTi se- isa saMskAra kA 'SaSThI' nAma rakhane ke pIche kaI rahasya haiN| sAmAnyatayA yaha saMskAra janma se chaThaveM dina meM kiyA jAtA hai aura isameM SaSThI mAtA(aMbikAdevI) kI pUjana pUrvaka ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| kucha loga cAmuNDA aura tripurA ko chor3akara zeSa cha: mAtAoM kA hI pUjana karate haiN| isa prakAra 'SaSThI' nAma meM aneka artha antarnihita kie gae haiN| kAla kI dRSTi se- isa saMskAra kA kAla kulocita vyavahAra kA paripAlana evaM daihika zuddhi kI dRSTi se sarvathA ucita lagatA hai| yaha kAla nirdhAraNa Agama sammata bhI hai| mantra kI dRSTi se- AcArya vardhamAnasari ne isa saMskAra ko mantra pradhAna banA diyA hai| isameM pratyeka mAtAoM ke AhvAna, saMnidhAna, sthApana evaM pUjana karane sambandhI pRthak-pRthak mantra die gae haiN| sAtha hI AzIrvAda mantra kA bhI ullekha hai| mantra prayoga ke AdhAra para saMskAra karma kA prabhAva aura pariNAma donoM kA atizaya bar3ha jAtA hai| vidhi kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya yaha saMskAra vidhi pUrNata: Agamika evaM kula paramparA se jur3I huI hai| isa vidhi kA pratyeka caraNa apanIapanI paramparA kA nirvAha karane ko utprerita karatA hai tathA paramparA kA pAlana karanA eka bahuta bar3A sUtra hai| zvetAmbara AmnAya meM svIkRta yaha saMskAra vidhi aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa evaM sarvAMgINa hai| isa saMskAra vidhi kA svatantra astitva pUrNa surakSita evaM anukaraNIya hai| upasaMhAra jaina paramparA meM bAlaka ke janma se chaThaveM dina meM vidhi-vidhAna evaM maMtroccAra pUrvaka susampanna kie jAne vAlA SaSThI saMskAra atyanta prAcIna mAlUma hotA hai| isa saMskAra ke bIja Agama granthoM meM suspaSTa dekhane ko milate haiN| isase nizcita hai ki isa saMskAra kA prAdurbhAva Agamayuga meM ho cukA thaa| yadyapi itanA avazya hai ki jaina Agama sAhitya ke kAla meM isa saMskAra kA svarUpa sAmAnya

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SaSThI saMskAra vidhi kA vyAvahArika svarUpa ...111 thaa| usa samaya yaha saMskAra kisa rUpa meM aura kisa prakAra sampanna kiyA jAtA thA, isa viSaya meM koI vivaraNa par3hane ko nahIM milatA hai| SaSThI saMskAra kI kyA vidhi thI? yaha bhI ajJAta hai, parantu pandrahavIM zatI taka Ate-Ate isa saMskAra kA kAyAkalpa hI badala gayA ho aisA pratIta hotA hai| AcAradinakara meM SaSThI saMskAra vidhi samucita evaM vistRta rUpa meM dekhane ko milatI hai| isa saMskAra vidhi kA mukhya prayojana aniSTa zaktiyoM kA nivAraNa karanA evaM abhIpsita kArya kI pUrti karanA rahA hai| isa saMskAra ke anya prayojana kula paramparA kA nirvahana karanA, kula deviyoM ko santuSTa rakhanA, kula mAtAoM ko zizu rakSaNArtha jAgRta rakhanA, kula mAtAoM kI mahimA ko bar3hAte rahanA ityAdi bhI mAne jA sakate hai| ___ vastuta: yaha saMskAra pArivArika, laukika evaM vyAvahArika jIvana ko sukhI-sampanna banAe rakhane ke lie ati upayogI evaM lAbhadAyI hai| sukhIsampanna evaM prasannacitta rahanA gRhastha dharma kA Avazyaka guNa mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa saMskAra ko dharma saMskAra kI koTi meM rakhA gayA hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. AcAradinakara, pR. 12-13 2. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 186 3. vahI, pR. 187 4. saMskAraaMka, janavarI san 2006, pR. 293-296 5. AcAradinakara, pR. 12 6. vahI, pR. 12-13 7. vahI, pR. 13 8. jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra, aMgasuttANi, 1/81 9. aupapAtikasUtra, madhukaramuni, sU. 106 10. rAjapraznIyasUtra, madhukaramuni, sU. 280 11. kalpasUtra, 101

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adhyAya -8 zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA aitihAsika svarUpa bhAratIya paramparA meM janma evaM mRtyu ke pazcAta zoka nivAraNa yA zuci nivAraNa kI vizeSa paramparA rahI hai| harSa yA zoka ke atireka se mukti pAne hetu yaha zreSTha upAya hai| janma ke pazcAta azuci nivAraNa hetu zuci saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| yaha saMskAra daihika zuddhi, sthAna zuddhi evaM vAtAvaraNa zuddhi ke nimitta kie jAne vAle vidhi-vidhAnoM se sambandhita hai| isa saMskAra dvArA prasUtA nArI, prasUta bAlaka evaM prasava sthala- ina tInoM kI zuddhi kI jAtI hai| yaha saMskAra pavitratA-svacchatA kI dRSTi se viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko zucikarma saMskAra ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa nAma kA svatantra rUpa se koI saMskAra nahIM hai| ina donoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra sambandhI kriyAkalApoM ko jAtakarma saMskAra ke sAtha samAhita kara diyA gayA hai| yadi hama sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yaha niSkarSa prApta hotA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti kI sabhI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita kriyAkalApa kiye jAte haiN| sabhI paramparAe~ kisI na kisI rUpa meM prasava kriyA se utpanna hone vAlI azuddhi ko avazyameva dUra karatI haiN| isa sambandha meM itanA vizeSa hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasava viSayaka azuddhi ko dUra karane kI eka suvyavasthita evaM sunizcita vidhi prApta hotI hai| pratyeka jaina vyakti isa saMskAra karma ko vidhi pUrvaka evaM krama pUrvaka sampAdita karane ke bAda hI dharma sthAna meM Ane kA aura dharmArAdhanA karane kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI yaha saMskAra vidhi dhArmika dRSTi se bhI kama mUlya nahIM rakhatI hai| digambara evaM vaidika dhArA meM isa saMskAra kI svataMtra vidhi kA abhAva hai| vahA~ bhI azuci dUra karane sambandhI kucha vidhi-vidhAna to nirUpita hue haiM kintu unheM jAtakarma meM hI samAhita kara diyA gayA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM SaSThI

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zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA aitihAsika svarUpa ...113 saMskAra kI taraha zucikarma saMskAra kA bhI svatantra evaM maulika sthAna hai| yahI isa saMskAra kI advitIya viziSTatA hai| zucikarma saMskAra kA arthaparaka vizleSaNa zuci zabda anekArthavAcI hai| zuci zabda ke vibhinna artha hote haiM-vimala, vizuddha, svaccha, sadguNI, ujjvala, pavitrAtmA, puNyAtmA, niSpApa, niSkalaMka, zuddhatA, yathArthatA, saccA, nirmala kiyA huA, punIta kiyA huA aadi|' prastuta adhyAya meM zuci zabda se tAtparya-svacchatA, pavitratA, vizuddhatA, nirmalatA Adi arthoM se hai arthAta prasUti sambandhI azuddhi kA nivAraNa karanA, prasUtA nArI kI daihika zuddhi karanA, prasUti sthala ko svaccha karanA, prasavamaya vAtAvaraNa ko pavitra karanA zucikarma saMskAra hai| yaha saMskAra vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| zucikarma saMskAra kI laukika AvazyakatA jaba hama yaha vicAra karate haiM ki zucikarma saMskAra kA mukhya prayojana kyA ho sakatA hai? isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kyoM mahasUsa kI gaI? isa saMskAra kA uddezya kyA rahA hogA? to hamAre sAmane aneka tathya prastuta hote haiN| sarvaprathama to prasava azaci dUra karanA gRhastha dharma kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| jaina evaM jainetara sabhI paramparAoM meM azuci nivAraNa kA upakrama apane-apane kulAcAra evaM apanI-apanI paramparA ke anurUpa prAcya kAla se kiyA jA rahA hai ata: isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA nirvivAda siddha hai| yaha saMskAra bAhya zuddhi para AdhArita hai| ___ gaharAI se ciMtana kareM to jaina darzana kI dravya zuddhi evaM bhAva zuddhi kI avadhAraNA bhI pUrNa rUpa se lAgU hotI hai| bAhya zuddhi (dravya zuddhi) ke AdhAra para hI Abhyantara zuddhi(bhAvazuddhi) avalambita hai arthAta isa saMskAra karma dvArA bAhya zuddhi karane vAlA sAdhaka hI Abhyantara zuddhi kI ora agrasara ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha saMskAra dhArmika jIvana kA bhI eka aMga mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA mukhya uddezya bhI yahI rahA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA vaiyaktika, pArivArika, vyAvahArika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se bhI pratyakSata: siddha hotI hai|

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114... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMkSepa meM kaheM to isa saMskAra vidhi ke mAdhyama se na kevala daihika zuddhi kI jAtI hai apitu sthAna, vAtAvaraNa, mana, buddhi evaM AtmA kI bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM vizuddhi hotI hai / isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM yaha bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai ki jahA~ prasava hotA hai, usa sthala saMbaMdhI azuci kA nivAraNa tatkAla kara diyA jAtA hai| phira dasaveM yA bArahaveM yA anya dinoM meM punaH yaha prakriyA kyoM kI jAtI hai ? isakA saTIka jabAva yaha hai ki nAla kA ucchedana karane ke kAraNa bAlaka kI evaM raktasrAva ke kAraNa mAtA kI azuci aneka dinoM taka banI rahatI hai| isake pIche eka kAraNa yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prasava kAla kI azuci kA pUrNatayA nivAraNa na kie jAne para mAtA evaM zizu - donoM hI kisI prakAra ke saMkrAmaka roga yA anya vyAdhi se grasita ho sakate haiN| isI ke sAtha apanIapanI paramparAnusAra sUtaka kA jitanA kAla batAyA gayA hai, usakA paripAlana karanA bhI isakA mukhya hetu hai / isameM sUtaka kAla pUrNa hone para vidhi pUrvaka azuci ko dUra karanA cAhie isIlie yaha saMskAra vidhi anya dinoM meM bhI kI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra prasava ke dina dUra kI gaI azuddhi kA isa saMskAra ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM rahatA hai / zucikarma saMskAra karane ke zAstra nirdiSTa adhikArI isa saMskAra kI suvyavasthita vidhi zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI pracalita hai| anya paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra sambandhI yatkiMcit kriyAkalApa hI dekhe jAte haiM, ataH tadanusAra isa saMskAra sambandhI vistRta jAnakArI de pAnA asaMbhava hai| zvetAmbara AmnAya meM yaha saMskAra karma karavAne kA pUrNa adhikArI jaina brAhmaNa (gRhastha guru) yA kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai| 2 zucikarma saMskAra yogya muhUrtta vicAra isa saMskAra karma ko niSpanna karane ke lie kisI zubha dina ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yaha to apanI-apanI kula paramparA dvArA nizcita kie gae dina meM kiyA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM brAhmaNa Adi bhinna-bhinna vargoM kI kula paramparAe~ bhinna-bhinna mata rakhatI haiN|

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zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA aitihAsika svarUpa ...115 zucikarma saMskAra viSayaka kAla vimarza __ zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA koI nizcita kAla nahIM batAyA gayA hai| vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM itanA likhA gayA hai ki apane-apane varNa ke anusAra nirdhArita dinoM ke vyatIta hone para zucikarma saMskAra karanA caahie| isake sAtha yaha bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki brAhmaNoM ko dasaveM dina, kSatriyoM ko bArahaveM dina, vaizya ko solahaveM dina aura zUdra ko eka mahIne meM zucikarma karanA caahie| yadi hama jaina Agama sAhitya kA avalokana karate haiM to usameM jJAtAdharmakathA', aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya : evaM kalpasUtra Adi meM bArahaveM dina azacikarma sambandhI kriyAkalApa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki Agamika dRSTi se azucikarma nivAraNa vidhi janma se bArahaveM dina kI jAnI caahie| yadi hama prAcIna granthoM kA adhyayana karate haiM to vidhimArgaprapA meM patra kA sUtaka kAla sAta dina aura putrI kA sUtaka kAla ATha dina mAnA gayA hai| isake AdhAra para zucikarma saMskAra kI vidhi AThaveM yA nauveM dina kI jAnI caahie| yadi digambara paramparA ke granthoM ko dekhA jAe to unameM sUtaka kA kAla dasa dina mAnA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA ke granthoM ko par3hate haiM to unameM bhI sUtaka kA kAla dasa dina svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|10 yadi hama vartamAna yuga para najara DAleM to jaina paramparA meM yaha saMskAra dasaveM dina sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAhArata: kAla kI dRSTi se isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke sandarbha meM bhinna-bhinna avadhAraNAe~ rahI haiM tathA dezakAlagata sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para inameM parivartana bhI hote hue dekhe jAte haiN| saccAI ke sAtha kaheM to Adhunika yuga meM yaha saMskAra vidhi vilupta sI ho cukI hai| kintu laukika nyAya ke anusAra prasava-kriyA cikitsAlaya meM hone ke bAvajUda bhI paramparA ke anusAra ghara para zucikarma saMskAra vidhi avazyameva karanI caahie| yahI yukti saMgata aura dharma saMgata hai| zucikarma saMskAra saMpAdana meM upayogI sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke lie nimna sAmagrI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai- (1) jinapratimA pUjana kI sarva sAmagrI (2) paMcagavya (3) svagotrajana (4) sarvoSadhijala (5) tIrthodaka (6) nae vastra

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116... ... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana (7) zizu ke AbhUSaNa (8) vAdiMtra (9) sAdhu ko dene yogya AhAra - vastra-pAtra Adi (10) saMskArakarttA ko dene yogya vastra - AbhUSaNa - mudrA Adi / 11 bhAratIya sAhitya meM varNita zucikarma saMskAra vidhi zvetAmbara - zvetAmbara-paramparA ke AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne zucikarma saMskAra kI nimna vidhi prastuta kI hai sarvaprathama gRhastha guru nija-nija kula ke anusAra sUtaka ke dina vyatIta hone para solaha purUSoM taka unake vaMzajoM kA AhvAna kareM, kyoMki solaha pIr3hiyoM taka sUtaka kA doSa lagatA hai - aisI mAnyatA hai / * phira Amantrita kie gae sabhI kuTumbiyoM evaM sagotriyoM ko pUrNa snAna evaM vastra prakSAlana ke lie khe| * usake bAda zarIra zuddhi kie hue, pavitra vastra pahane hue, ve sabhI gotraja guru ko sAkSI mAnakara jinapratimA kI pUjA kreN| * usake bAda bAlaka ke mAtApitA paMcagavya se mukha zuddhi kara snAna kareM / zizu sahita apane nAkhUna kaatteN| phira granthi se baMdhe hue daMpati jina - pratimA ko namaskAra kreN| sadhavA striyA~ maMgalagIta gAeM, jinapratimA ke Age naivedya Adi arpita kreN| sAdhuoM ko yathAzakti dAna deN| saMskAra kartA guru ko vastra - mudrA Adi deN| * zucikarma saMskAra ke dina janma, caMdra sUrya darzana, kSIrAzana, SaSThI-ina saMskAroM se sambandhita dakSiNA bhI de denI caahie| usa dina sabhI gotrajana, svajana evaM mitrajana ko bhojana krvaaeN| * tadanantara gRhastha guru usake kula AcAra ke anusAra zizu ko paMcagavya, jinasnAtrajala, sarvoSadhijala evaM tIrthajala se snAna kraae| phira bAlaka ko vastrAbharaNa phnaaeN| yaha zucikarma saMskAra vidhi hai / yahA~ yaha vizeSa dhyAtavya hai ki sUtaka ke dina pUrNa hone para bhI yadi usa dina Ardra nakSatra hoM, siMhayoni evaM gajayoni nakSatra hoM to strI ko sUtaka kA snAna nahIM karavAnA caahie| 1. kRtikA 2. bharaNI 3. mUla 4. Ardra 5. puSya 6. punarvasu 7. maghA 8. citrA 9. vizAkhA aura 10. zravaNa- ye dasa Ardra nakSatra mAne gae haiN| yadi ina nakSatroM meM sUtaka snAna kara liyA jAtA hai to phira prasava nahIM hogA, aisI mAnyatA hai / dhaniSThA aura pUrvAbhAdrapada - ye do siMhayoni ke nakSatra tathA bharaNI aura revatI - ye do gajayoni ke nakSatra samajhane caahie| 12 digambara- isa paramparA meM zucikarma saMskAra kI svatantra vidhi kA abhAva hai| yahA~ priyodbhava(jAtakarma) nAmaka saMskAra vidhi ke sAtha usake sAtha hI

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zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA aitihAsika svarUpa ...117 zucikarma kI carcA kI gaI hai| AdipurANa meM vaha carcA isa prakAra upalabdha hotI hai- 'usake jarAyupaTala ko nAbhi kI nAla ke sAtha-sAtha kisI pavitra jamIna ko khodakara mantra par3hate hue gAr3a denA caahie| nAbhi kI nAla ko gAr3hane kA mantra yaha hai- "samyagdRSTe samyagdRSTe sarvamAtaH sarvamAta: vasundhare vasundhare svaahaa|'' isa mantra dvArA bhUmi bhAga ko mantrita kara bhUmi meM jala aura akSata DAlakara pA~ca prakAra ke ratnoM ke nIce garbha kA mala rakha denA cAhie aura phira "tvatputrA iva matputrAH ciraMjIvino bhUyAsuH" (he pRthvI! tere putra kula parvatoM ke samAna mere putra bhI ciraMjIvI hoM)- yaha kahakara dhAnya utpanna hone yogya kheta meM bhUmi para vaha mala DAla denA caahie| tadanantara kSIra-vRkSa kI DAliyoM se pRthvI ko suzobhita kara usa para usa putra kI mAtA ko biThAkara mantrita kie hue suhAte garama jala se snAna karAnA caahie| mAtA ko snAna karAne kA mantra yaha hai __ "samyagdRSTe samyagdRSTe, Asannabhavye Asannabhavye, vizvezvari vizvezvari UrjitapuNye UrjitapuNye jinamAta: jinamAta: svaahaa|" isa mantra kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki snAna karate samaya zizu kA pitA yaha cintana kare - jisa prakAra jinendradeva kI mAtA putra ke kalyANoM ko dekhatI hai, usI prakAra yaha merI patnI bhI mere putra ke kalyANa ko dekheN|13 AdipurANa meM zucikarma saMskAra kI yahI vidhi upadarzita hai| vaidika- yadyapi vaidika paramparA zucikarma saMskAra ko svatantra rUpa se svIkAra nahIM karatI hai, tathApi vaidika granthoM meM zucikarma se sambandhita vidhi kA svarUpa isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai- vaidika mAnyatAnusAra prAcInakAla meM zizu ke jIvita utpanna hone para aura prasava kriyA AsAnI se hone para bartanoM ko garama karane evaM mAtA aura zizu ko dhUma se pavitra karane ke lie kamare meM agni pradIpta kI jAtI thii|14 kucha dinoM taka yaha agni pradIpta rakhI jAtI thii| vividha prakAra ke bhUtapretoM ko dUra karane ke lie upayukta mantroM ke sAtha usameM dhAnya ke kaNa tathA sarasoM ke bIjoM kI Ahuti dI jAtI thii| sUtikAgni azuddha mAnI jAtI thI aura dasaveM dina mAtA aura zizu kI zuddhi ke pazcAt gRhya agni kA vyavahAra Arambha ho jAtA thA, yaha zAnta kara dI jAtI thii|15 isa prakAra vaidika dharma meM zucikarma saMskAra kI yaha vidhi prApta hotI hai|

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118... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hindU paramparA ke gRhyasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM prasava kriyA hone ke pUrva kI bhI eka sunizcita vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai| hama ukta varNana ke AdhAra para itanA nizcita kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika paramparA meM bhI zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA samyak svarUpa ullikhita hai tathA yaha vidhi pUrNa rUpeNa vaijJAnika hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se zucikarma saMskAra kI mahattA yadi hama zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vivecana karate haiM, to isa saMskAra kI mUlyavattAe~ evaM viziSTatAe~ pratyakSataH avalokita hotI haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara paramparA kA yaha mahattvapUrNa saMskAra hai tathA bhAratIya darzana kI sabhI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke hetu ko yukti pUrvaka svIkArA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra pavitratA, svacchatA evaM zuddhatA se sambandha rakhatA hai| vibhinna dRSTiyoM se isakA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa isa prakAra avalokanIya hai nAma kI dRSTi se sAmAnyataH zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika tInoM paramparAoM ne zucikarma kriyA ko svIkAra kiyA hai kintu ise saMskAra ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara - paramparA ne hI mAnya kiyA hai aura isakA nAma zucikarma saMskAra rakhA hai| adhikArI kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara paramparA meM jaina brAhmaNa ko isa saMskAra kA karttA batAyA hai / digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA kartA pati ko mAnA gayA hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM sUtaka sambandhI azuddhi ko dUra karane kA adhikAra brAhmaNa ko diyA gayA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara paramparA meM apane - apane kula ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA kAla bhinna-bhinna batAyA gayA hai| jaina AgamoM meM isa saMskAra ko bArahaveM dina karane hetu kahA gayA hai| digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM sUtaka kA kAla dasa dina mAnA gayA hai, parantu zuddhi karma kI kriyA jAtakarma saMskAra ke sAtha-sAtha prathama dina hI kara lI jAtI hai| mantra kI dRSTi se - zvetAmbara paramparA meM zucikarma saMskAra se sambandhita kisI prakAra ke mantra kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| digambara paramparA meM nAla gAr3hane evaM snAna karane viSayaka do prakAra ke mantroM kA nirdeza hai| vaidika paramparA meM bhI sUtaka kriyA ke samaya kucha mantroM kA prayoga avazya hotA hai kintu ve mantra kaunase haiM ? par3hane meM nahIM Ae haiN|

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zucikarma saMskAra vidhi kA aitihAsika svarUpa ...119 vidhi kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra solaha pIr3hiyoM taka ke purUSoM ke AhvAna pUrvaka sagotrIjana, mAtA-pitA evaM bAlaka ke snAna dvArA evaM snehIjana mitrajana Adi ko bhojana karavAkara sampanna kiyA jAtA hai tathA isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke sambandha meM kucha vizeSa nirdeza die gae haiN| digambara paramparA meM mRtaka kI azuci ko dUra karane ke lie nAla gAr3hane kI vidhi darzAI gaI hai tathA mAtA kI snAna kriyA kA vaijJAnika evaM cikitsakIya dRSTi se varNana kiyA hai| ye donoM prakriyAe~ mananIya evaM jAnane yogya haiN| vaidika paramparA meM mRtaka kI azuddhi ko dUra karane ke lie agni pradIpta karane kA prayoga dikhalAyA gayA hai aura usa agni ko dasa dinoM taka prajvalita rakhane kA sUcana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI una dinoM meM bhUta-preta Adi kI bAdhA upasthita na ho, usake lie dhAnya ke kaNoM evaM sarasoM ke bIjoM kI Ahuti dene kA vidhAna batalAyA hai| vaidika granthoM kI yaha prakriyA bhI mahattvapUrNa mAlUma hotI hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki bhale hI zucikarma kriyA ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMskAra ke rUpa meM sthAna prApta hai kintu digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM bhI ise jAtakarma saMskAra meM sAmAnyatayA svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai aura vaha kaI dRSTiyoM se upayogI pratIta hotA hai ata: yaha saMskAra aparihArya hai| upasaMhAra jaina dharma bhAvanA pradhAna dharma hai| yahA~ bAhya zaddhi kI apekSA Abhyantara zuddhi ko viziSTa mahattva diyA gayA hai, kintu bAhya ko bhI sarvathA gauNa nahIM kiyA hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra bAhya aura Abhyantara, dravya aura bhAva, vyavahAra aura nizcaya sabhI kA apanA-apanA sthAna hai| ve eka-dUsare ke pUraka tattva haiN| isa saMskAra meM bAhya zuddhi kI pradhAnatA hai, kintu usa zuddhi kA uddezya Abhyantara zuddhi se hai| ___vastuta: daihika zuddhi, sthAna zuddhi, vastra zuddhi ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvanAoM kI zuddhi karanA, vAtAvaraNa ko nirmala karanA zucikarma saMskAra hai| isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA kyA hai? isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kyoM huI? ityAdi binduoM ko isa adhyAya ke prArambha meM suspaSTa kara cuke haiN| ___ yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki yaha saMskAra atyanta prAcIna aura gRhastha jIvana ke lie parama upayogI hai|

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120... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sandarbha-sUcI 1. saMskRta - hindI koza, pR. 1023 2. AcAradinakara, pR. 14 3. vahI, pR. 14 4. jJAtAdharmakathA, madhukaramuni, 1/93 5. aupapAtika, aMgasuttANi, 106 6. rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni, 280 7. kalpasUtra, sU. 101 8. vidhimArgaprapA, pR. 41 9. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 9 10. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 93 11. AcAradinakara, pR. 13-14 12. vahI, pR. 14 13. AdipurANa, parva - 40, pR. 305-306 14. (ka) pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/16/ 23 (kha) baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/8 yUnAnI karmakANDa meM jala kA zuddhikara prabhAva svIkRta hai| vahA~ zakti tathA gati ke lie zizu ko agni ke cAroM ora le jAyA jAtA hai| 15. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 93

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adhyAya -9 nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa nAma vyakti kI pahacAna aura usake astitva hone kA pramANa hotA hai| nAma ke isI mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhAratIya paramparA meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra ko viziSTa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra vidhi pUrvaka bAlaka kA nAma rakhane se sambandhita hai| isa saMskAra dvArA janma lene vAle bAlaka kA sArthaka nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| nAmakaraNa eka aisA saMskAra hai, jisakA sambandha vyakti kI jIvitAvasthA se hI nahI, apitu maraNottara avasthA se bhI hai| eka bAra jo nAmakaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai, vaha nAma usa vyakti ke vyaktitva kA aTa bhAga bana jAtA hai, jisako usase sarvathA alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| bhautika jagata meM nAma kA mahattva paga-paga para dekhane ko milatA hai| cAhe vaha koI prANI ho yA koI padArtha, nAma ke binA usakA astitva bodhagamya nahIM ho paataa| nAma kI sArthakatA sarvatra dekhI jAtI hai| binA nAma ke yaha duniyA cala hI nahIM sktii| binA nAma ke kisI vyakti yA vastu ko pahacAnA hI nahIM jAtA hai| nAmakaraNa kA dAyarA ati vistRta hai| saMsAra ke prAya: sabhI vyavahAra nAma ke AdhAra para hI calate haiN| yadi hama nAma kI mUlyavattA ko gauNa kara deM to isa vizva kA sArA vacana vyavahAra hI samApta ho jAegA ata: nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA apane Apa meM viziSTa mahattva hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- tInoM paramparAoM meM nAmakaraNa-saMskAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA AThavA~ sthAna hai, digambara paramparA meM isakA sthAna sAtavA~ hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM isako pA~cavAM sthAna prApta hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM krama kI dRSTi se antara hone para bhI artha kI dRSTi se koI antara nahIM hai| sabhI paramparAoM ne nAmakaraNa ke mahattva, prayojana, uddezya Adi ko samAnarUpa se mAnya kiyA hai kevala saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM meM hera-phera aura antara hai|

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122... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA vyApaka pAribhASika nirUpaNa nAma eka saMjJAvAcI zabda hai| nAma zabda kA koI artha nahIM hotaa| hA~! kisI kA sArthaka nAmakaraNa kara diyA jAe to usakA artha nikAlA jA sakatA hai| jaise- jitendra, dhamendra, vIrendra aadi| ina zabdoM ke avazya koI artha hote haiM ata: nAma kisa prakAra ke die jAne cAhie ? nAma rakhane kA aucitya kyA hai ? nAma kitane prakAra ke hote haiM? ina praznoM para saMkSepa meM carcA kreNge| yaha eka manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki manuSya ko jisa taraha ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai, usameM usI prakAra kI eka choTI-sI anubhUti hotI hai| yadi kisI ko cugalIkhora, coramala, AlasI, niThallA Adi nAmoM se pukArA jAegA to usameM usI prakAra ke tuccha bhAva jAgRta hoMge ataH sArthaka aura uccAdarza pratIta vAlA nAma rakhanA hI nAmakaraNa saMskAra hai| nAmakaraNa prakriyA meM nimna bAtoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAnA cAhie 1. nAma uccarita karane meM sarala aura zruti madhura ho / 2. vaha nAma liMga bheda kA bodhaka ho / 3. yaza, aizvarya aura zakti kA bodhaka ho / 4. nAma varNa kI sthiti kA abhijJApaka bhI ho / 5. janmakAlika vAra, nakSatra evaM usake adhidevatA kA AzIrvAda dilAne vAlA ho| 6. kula devatA ke prati bhakti vijJApita karane vAlA ho / 7. kisI viziSTa saMta-mahApuruSa kI smRti dilAne vAlA ho / 8. rASTrIya svAbhimAna aura asmitA ko uddIpta karane vAlA ho / 9. bAlaka kA nAma sama saMkhyAtmaka evaM bAlikA kA nAma viSama saMkhyAtmaka akSaroM vAlA ho| isI ke sAtha-sAtha guNavAcaka Adi nAma bhI rakhe jaaeN| jaise-sundaralAla, satyaprakAza, dharmavIra, vijayasiMha, vidyAbhUSaNa, manamohana aadi| isI taraha bAlikAoM ke nAma-prIti, kSamA, prabhA, karUNA, suzIlA, zAnti, pratibhA, vidyA Adi / mahApuruSoM evaM devatAoM ke nAma para bhI nAmakaraNa kiyA jaae| jaiserAmAvatAra, kRSNacandra, zivakumAra, lakSmaNa, bharata, jagadIza, subhASa, ravIndra, buddha, mahAvIra, gaNeza Adi tathA bAlikAoM ke nAma- kauzalyA, sItA, lakSmI, sarasvatI, padmAvatI, kamalA Adi /

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nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa... 123 prAkRtika vibhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para bhI nAma rakhe jA sakate haiN| jaise-kamala, hemanta, gulAba, candana, parAga, rajanIkAnta Adi tathA bAlikAoM ke nAma - uSA, rajanI, saritA, madhu, suSamA Adi / nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI mUlyavattA ko banAe rakhane ke lie bAlaka aura bAlikAoM ke nAmoM kI eka lambI sUcI banAnI cAhie, usameM se cunakara yathAyogya utsAhavarddhaka, saumya evaM preraNAdAyaka nAma rakhanA caahie| bAlakoM ko samaya-samaya para yaha bodha bhI karAte rahanA cAhie ki unakA amuka nAma hai| isa prakAra inheM prerita karate hue unameM nAma ke anurUpa guNa paidA karanA caahie| sAyaNa ke matAnusAra nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke samaya zizu ke cAra prakAra ke nAma rakhe jA sakate haiM - 1. nakSatra nAma 2. gupta nAma 3. sarvasAdhAraNa nAma 4. yajJaprayukta naam| 1 baudhAyana ke anusAra nakSatra para AdhArita nAma guhya rakhA jAtA hai| yaha vayovRddhoM kA satkAra karane ke lie dvitIya nAma hotA hai tathA upanayana ke kAla taka yaha nAma kevala mAtA - pitA ko vidita rahatA hai / katipaya AcAryoM ke matAnusAra yaha guhyanAma janma ke dina hI rakhA jAtA hai| 2 saMskAraprakAza meM nimna cAra prakAra ke nAma rakhane kA ullekha milatA hai - 1. devatA nAma 2. mAsa nAma 3. vyAvahArika nAma aura 4. nakSatra naam| manusmRti ke anusAra brAhmaNa kA nAma maMgala aura AnandasUcaka, kSatriya kA nAma bala rakSA aura zAsana kSamatA kA sUcaka, vaizya kA nAma dhanana-aizvarya sUcaka tathA zUdra kA nAma AjJAkAritA sUcaka rakhanA caahie| isake sivAya hindU granthoM meM nAma cayana ko lekara kAphI gaharI carcA huI hai| pitA, putra, putrI, mAtA Adi kA nAma kitane akSaroM vAlA, kaunase padAnta vAlA evaM kina arthoM vAlA honA cAhie? ityAdi saMketoM para lambI vicAraNA kI gaI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jAtaka kA nAma do akSaroM vAlA yA cAra akSaroM vAlA honA caahie| do prakAra ke nAma die jAte haiM- eka, janma nakSatra kA nAma jo guhya hotA hai| dUsarA, pukAra kA nAma jo vyavahAra ke lie hai| kisI-kisI gRhyasUkta ke anusAra kanyA kA nAma tIna yA pA~ca akSara kA honA caahie| nAma ko saMskAra mAnanA bhAratIya cintana kA dyotaka hai| isake lie nAma kevala zabda hI nahIM, eka kalyANamaya vicAra bhI hai| nAma dete samaya yaha bhI dhyAna denA apekSita hai ki saMtAna ke pitA yA pitAmaha kA ekAdha nAmAkSara bhI usameM A jAe, jisase

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124...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vaha nAma eka sAtatya kA sUcaka ho| 'kRta' pratyaya meM nAma kA anta honA cAhie, jisase bacce ke jIvana meM kriyAzIlatA aae| kahA gayA hai-jo zabda kRdanta ho, taddhitAnta nahIM ho, kisI duzmana se sambandha rakhane vAlA na ho aura prArambha kI tIna pIr3hiyoM ke nAma kA smAraka ho, vahI nAma saMskAra ke yogya hotA hai| vartamAna yuga kI sthiti cintAjanaka hai| aba nAmakaraNa kI arthavattA kA koI mUlya nahIM raha gayA hai| pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke andhAnukaraNa kI daur3a meM Aja nAmakaraNa eka saMskAra nahIM rahakara vAcika vikAra kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA jA rahA hai| vyakti pAzcAtya saMskRti kA itanA gulAma bana cukA hai ki nAma ke mahattva ko bilkula bhUla gayA hai| apanI suvidhA aura duniyA~ kI andhI daur3a meM pAgala banA vyakti bAlaka-bAlikAoM ke aise nAma rakhane lagA hai, jinakA na koI artha nikalatA hai aura na hI usa nAma kI sArthakatA samajha meM AtI hai| prAyaH hara ghara meM riMkI, riMkU, DabalU, babalU, pinTU, minTU, jaika, jaoNna, DaoNlI jaise nAmoM kI AMdhI baha rahI hai| pitA to 'DaiDa' ho gae haiM aura mAtA bhI 'mamI' ho gaI haiM aura yahI kaha-kahakara hama bar3A gaurava mahasUsa kara rahe haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti kA spaSTa udghoSa hai ki bAlaka kA nAma kula, jAti, vaMza kI paramparA ko zobhAyamAna karane vAlA, citta ko prasanna karane vAlA, guNoM kA AvirbhAva karane vAlA, viziSTa artha kA bodha karAne vAlA tathA sarala-sugama honA cAhie, vahI nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ko siddha karatA hai| nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI traikAlika AvazyakatA / nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA viSayaka cintana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki nAma pratyeka vyakti kI pahacAna kA Avazyaka aMga hai| nAma samasta vyavahAra kA hetu hai| nAma samasta padArthoM kA bodhaka hai| sRSTi ke samasta kriyAkalApoM ko gatizIla banAe rakhane kA ananyatama kAraNa hai| yaha zubha kA vahana karane vAlA tathA bhAgya niyojaka hai| nAmakaraNa kI AvazyakatA ko siddha karane ke sambandha meM kAphI kucha hetu die jA sakate haiM nAma se vastuoM kI pahacAna hotI hai| nAma ke dvArA hI vyakti kI upayogitA evaM usakA viziSTa jJAna sabake lie sahaja banA rahatA hai| nAma ke hI AdhAra para vyakti kA itihAsa pRSThoM para aMkita rahatA hai| nAma ke hI bala para

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nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa ...125 manuSya sAmAjika banatA hai| manuSya apane jIvana ke vyavahAroM meM sahUliyateM bhI nAma ke balabUte para pAtA hai| nAma hI sabhI prakAra ke vizvAsoM kA stambha hotA hai| isa vizva meM manuSya hI eka aisA prANI hai jo nAma ke mahattva ko samajha sakatA hai aura vyakti ko unake nAma se jAna sakatA hai| nAma ke arthoM kA bodhaka manuSya ko mAnA gayA hai ata: jIvana yAtrA kI samasta gatividhiyoM kA samyaka saMcAlana karane ke lie vastu ho yA vyakti, padArtha ho yA prANI, nAma avazya diyA jAnA cAhie, anyathA jIvana vyavahAra samApta ho jaaegaa| dUsarA ullekhanIya yaha hai ki nAma rAzi ke AdhAra para hI vyakti ke bhAvI jIvana ke zubhAzubhatva evaM satyAsatya kI bhaviSyavANI kI jAtI hai| manuSya nAma se hI yaza aura kIrti prApta karatA hai| isa saMskAra kA phala Ayu aura teja kI vRddhi tathA laukika vyavahAra kI siddhi batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA aneka dRSTiyoM se jJAta hotI hai| nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA sarvAMgINa prayojana nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA prayojana bAlaka ko samAja se aura samAja ko isa nUtana Agantuka se paricita karavAnA hai| kisa nAma se use samAja jAne? isa samasyA kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hI jAtaka kA nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| nAmakaraNa ke pIche bhAvoM kI aisI sphuraNA honI cAhie ki samAja dvArA bAlaka ko zreSTha sthAna mile| nAma kevala zabdoM kA samUha hI nahIM hotA, una zabdoM ke pIche bhAvanA bhI saMlagna rahatI hai| zabdoM kA jo artha hotA hai, usase smRti kA eka tAnA-bAnA jur3A rahatA hai jaise-kisI ko gadhA, kuttA, duSTa, kasAI Adi kahA jAe to ina zabdoM ke artha se jina jAnavaroM yA kukarmiyoM kA sambandha jur3A hai, unakI smRti sAmane A jAtI haiM, phalasvarUpa jinake lie ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, unake lie bhI nikRSTatA evaM ghRNA kA bhAva paidA ho jAtA hai| yaha manovijJAna kA siddhAnta hai ki acche yA bure zabda jo apane lie eka bAra bhI kahe jAte haiM, ve mana para acchA yA burA asara jarUra DAlate haiN| jisane kahA hai, jisane sunA hai yA jisake prati kahA gayA hai, una sabhI para uccarita zabdoM kA prabhAva par3atA hai, isalie hara vyakti kA arthapradhAna evaM guNa pradhAna nAma diyA jAnA cAhie, tAki sAmAjika jIvana meM usakA mAna-sammAna bar3hatA

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126...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rahe, vaha svayaM nAmAnurUpa guNoM ko upalabdha karatA rhe| yadi nAma kA mahattva na ho aura sAmAjika jIvana meM usakA mUlya na ho to apazabda sunakara kisI ko aprasannatA aura acche zabda sunakara kisI ko prasannatA nahIM honI cAhie, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai| nAmakaraNa isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue karanA caahie| baccoM ke nAma aise rakhane cAhie, jisase samAja meM unakA gaurava, sAhasa evaM stara U~cA uThatA ho| lAr3a-pyAra meM bhI golu-pIlu Adi nAma nahIM rakhanA cAhie anyathA baccoM kI komala manobhUmi para usakA burA prabhAva par3atA hai| vizva bandhutva kI bhAvanA yaha kahatI hai ki hara AtmA kA sammAna honA cAhie, bhale hI vaha abhI choTe bAlaka ke zarIra meM hI kyoM na ho| ukta varNana se yaha nirNIta hotA hai ki nAmakaraNa kA mukhya prayojana sAmAjikatA evaM saMghIya sadasyatA se bhI hai| nAmakaraNa saMskAra karane kA adhikArI zvetAmbara AmnAya meM jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko isa saMskAra kA adhikAra diyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA adhikArI pUrva nirdiSTa brAhmaNa ko mAnA gayA hai| vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra kA kartA pitA evaM brAhmaNa donoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke lie muhUrttAdi kA vicAra vardhamAnasUrikRta AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke lie zubha nakSatra evaM zubha vAra Adi kA nirdeza isa prakAra hai- mRda, dhruva, kSipra evaM cara saMjJA vAle nakSatroM meM bAlaka kA nAmakaraNa karanA cAhie athavA guru yA zukra caturtha sthAna meM ho usa samaya nAma saMskAra karanA caahie| digambara paramparAmUlaka AdipurANa meM zubha nakSatra Adi ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| vaidika paramparA isa saMskAra ke lie zubha tithi Adi ko svIkAra karatI hai, kintu vaidika vidvAnoM meM isa sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai| unake prAcIna granthoM, sUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM aneka tithiyoM kI carcA hai| gobhila evaM khAdira ke anusAra soSyantIkarma meM nAma rakhanA caahie| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, AzvalAyana, zaMkhAyana Adi ke matAnusAra janma ke dina nAma rakhA jAnA caahie| manusmRti (2/30) ke mata se dasavIM, bArahavIM, aThArahavIM koI zubha tithi ke dina nAmakaraNa karanA caahie| bhaviSyatpurANa ne dasavIM, bArahavIM, aThArahavIM yA eka mAsa ke uparAnta kI tithi ko nAmakaraNa ke

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nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa ... 127 lie uttama mAnA hai| 10 isa prakAra bhinna-bhinna tithiyoM kA nirdeza hai| Azaya itanA hai ki vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra hetu zubha tithi Adi ko nirvivAdataH svIkArA gayA hai| nAmakaraNa saMskAra hetu varNita suyogya kAla yaha saMskAra kisa dina kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM tInoM paramparAoM kA bhinna-bhinna mata hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zuci karma ke dina athavA usake dUsare yA tIsare dina meM athavA kisI zubha dina meM zizu kA caMdrabala dekhakara kiyA jAnA caahie| 11 digambara paramparA ke matAnusAra janmadina se bAraha dina ke bAda 12 athavA janma ke bArahaveM, solahaveM yA battIsaveM dina meM yaha saMskAra karanA cAhie | 13 vaidika paramparA meM isa viSayaka vibhinna mata prApta hote haiN| gRhyasUtroM ke niyamAnusAra nAmakaraNa saMskAra zizu ke janma ke bAda dasaveM yA bArahaveM dina sampanna kiyA jAnA caahie| 14 isakA eka apavAda niyama bhI milatA hai vaha thA guhyanAma jo kucha AcAryoM ke mata se janma ke dina rakhA jAtA hai| paravartIkAlIna granthoM ke anusAra yaha saMskAra janma se dasaveM dina se lekara dvitIya varSa ke prathama dina taka sampanna kiyA jA sakatA hai / kinhIM matAnusAra nAmakaraNa saMskAra dasaveM, bArahaveM, sauveM dina yA prathama varSa ke samApta hone para karanA caahie| 15 isa vyApaka vikalpa kA kAraNa pArivArika suvidhA yA mAtA aura zizu kA svAsthya ho sakatA hai| bRhaspati ke matAnusAra janma se dasaveM, bArahaveM, terahaveM, solahaveM, unnIsaveM yA battIsaveM dina sampanna karanA caahie| isI prakAra baudhAyana, pAraskara aura bhAradvAja ne dasavA~, yAjJavalkya ne gyArahavA~, hiraNyakezi ne bArahavA~ dina isa saMskAra ke lie yogya mAnA hai| 16 saMkSepa meM itanA kaha sakate haiM ki guhyanAma ke vikalpa ko chor3akara janma ke bAda dasaveM dina se lekara dvitIya varSa ke prathama dina taka yaha saMskAra yathAsuvidhA evaM yathA zubha dina kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jyotiSazAstra ke anusAra saMkrAnti, grahaNa yA zrAddha ke dinoM meM yaha saMskAra kadApi nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| vaidika paramparA meM Ajakala yaha saMskAra janma ke bArahaveM dina binA kisI vaidika mantroccAraNa ke kara lete haiN| usameM striyA~ ekatra hotI haiM aura puruSoM se parAmarza kara nAma ghoSita kara detI haiM -

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128...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana tathA bacce ko pAlane meM jhulAtI haiN| kahIM-kahIM aba bhI yaha saMskAra vidhivata kiyA jAtA hai, kintu aba isakA pracalana eka prakAra se samApta-sA ho gayA hai| ____ yadi hama jainAgamoM para dRSTipAta karate haiM to unameM jJAtAdharmakathA, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya, kalpasUtra Adi meM janma se bArahaveM dina yaha saMskAra kie jAne kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai|17 nAmakaraNa saMskAra meM upayogI Avazyaka sAmagrI __zvetAmbara paramparA meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra hetu kucha sAmagrI anivArya kahI gaI hai| sAmagrI sUcI yaha hai- 1. vividha prakAra ke surIle vAdiMtra 2. mAMgalika gIta-gAna karane vAlI nAriyAM 3. jyotiSI 4. saMskAra karavAne vAlA gRhastha guru 5. pracura mAtrA meM phala 6. svarNa aura rajata kI mudrAe~ 7. vibhinna prakAra ke vastra 8. vAsacUrNa 9. caMdana 10. dUrvA 11. nAriyala 12. jina-pratimA kI pUjAsAmagrI aura 13. mudraaeN|18 digambara evaM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM isa saMskAra ke lie apekSita sAmagrI kA ullekha huA ho aisA dekhane meM nahIM AyA hai| nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa zvetAmbara- AcAra dinakara meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra kahI gaI hai 19 - jisa dina yaha saMskAra sampanna karanA ho usa dina sarvaprathama jyotiSI sahita gRhastha guru navajAta bAlaka ke ghara meM zubha Asana evaM zubha sthAna para namaskAra mantra kA smaraNa karate hue baiThe rheN| . usa samaya bAlaka ke pitA, pitAmaha Adi karayugala meM puSpa-phala lekara jyotiSI sahita guru ko sASTAMga praNAma karake kaheM- 'he bhagavan ! putra kA nAmakaraNa kiijie|' taba guru usa bAlaka ke kula puruSoM (pitA-dAdA Adi) aura kula striyoM ko Age biThAkara jyotiSAcArya ko janma lagna kahane kA Adeza kreN| taba jyotiSI zubha paTTa para khar3iyA miTTI se bAlaka ke lagna ko likhe aura yathAsthAna grahoM ko sthApita kreN| * usake bAda pitA-pitAmaha Adi janma lagna kI pUjA kreN| isa pUjA meM 12 svarNamudrA, 12 raupyamudrA, 12 tAmramudrA, 12 supArI, 12 anya phala, 12 nAriyala aura 12 nAgaravela ke pAna- isa prakAra 12-12 vastuoM dvArA bAraha lagna kI pUjA kreN| phira isI prakAra inhIM 9-9 dravyoM se navagraha kI pUjA kareM)

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nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa ...129 * tadanantara jyotiSI lagna kA sampUrNa varNana kuMkuma akSara se patra meM likhakara kula jyeSTha ko arpita kareM tathA janma nakSatra ke anusAra nAmAkSara btaaeN| usa samaya bAlaka kA pitA apanI zakti ke anusAra vastra Adi pradAna kara jyotiSI kA sammAna kreN| * tatpazcAt gRhastha guru sarvAnumati se parameSThI maMtra kA smaraNa karate hue kula vRddhA ke kAna meM jAti evaM kulocita nAma khe| phira paramAtmA ke samakSa bAlaka kA nAma prakaTa kre| yadi caitya na ho, to gRhamandira kI pratimA ke Age yaha vidhi karanI caahie| * usake bAda sabhI pauSadhazAlA meM jaaeN| vahA~ bhojana maMDalI ke sthAna para maMDalIpaTTa ko sthApita kara usakI pUjA kreN| maMDalIpaTTa kI pUjA vidhi yaha haiputra kI mAtA 'zrI gautamAya namaH' aisA uccAraNa karatI huI gaMdha, naivedya Adi dvArA paTTa kI pUjA kreN| phira maMDalIpaTTa ke Upara 10 svarNamudrA, 10 raupyamudrA, 108 supArI, 29 nAriyala, 29 hAtha vastra rkhe| phira putra sahita guru kI tIna pradakSiNA dekara namaskAra kreN| nau svarNa evaM nau raupya mudrAoM dvArA guru kI navAMgI pUjA kreN| * phira mAtA guru bhagavanta se vAsadAna karane kA nivedana kreN| taba guru U~kAra, hrIMkAra, zrIkAra se vAsacUrNa ko sannihita kara, vardhamAnavidyA evaM kAmadhenu mudrA pUrvaka abhimantrita kara mAtA-putra ke mastaka para DAleM tathA zizu ke mastaka para 'OM hI zrI ke akSaroM kA sanniveza kara usakA nAmakaraNa kre| * phira guru ko AhAra Adi tathA vidhikAraka guru ko vastra, alaMkAra Adi pradAna kara gRhagamana kre| digambara- digambara matAnusAra AdipurANa meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra kI nimna vidhi prApta hotI hai-bAlaka ke janmadina se bAraha dina ke bAda jo dina mAtApitA evaM putra ke lie anukUla ho, sukha dene vAlA ho, usa dina yaha saMskAra sampanna kreN| isa saMskAra meM apanI saMpadA ke anusAra arihanta paramAtmA aura gurujanoM kI pUjA kreN| phira vidhikAraka brAhmaNa kA yathAyogya satkAra kreN| usake bAda navajAta zizu vaMza kI vRddhi karane vAlA ho- aisA uttama nAma rakheM athavA ghaTapatra kI vidhi pUrvaka bAlaka kA nAmakaraNa kreN| ghaTapatra kI vidhi isa prakAra jJAtavya hai-prathama bhagavAn ke eka hajAra ATha nAmoM kA eka hajAra ATha kAgaja ke Tukar3oM para svarNa athavA anAra kI kalama se aSTa gandha dvArA likheN| phira unakI golI banA leM aura pIle vastra tathA nAriyala Adi se Dhake hue eka ghar3e

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130... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM unheM bhara deN| kAgaja ke eka Tukar3e para 'nAma' aisA zabda likhakara usakI golI bnaaeN| isI prakAra eka hajAra sAta kore Tukar3oM kI goliyA~ banAkara ina sabako eka dUsare ghar3e meM bhara deM / tadanantara kisI anya bAlaka dvArA donoM ghar3oM meM se eka-eka golI nikalavAte jaaeN| jaba kisI nAma cihnita golI ke sAtha 'nAma' aisA likhI huI golI nikale, taba vahI nAma bAlaka kA rakhanA cAhie | 20 yaha ghaTa patra vidhi hai| koI suyogya nAma athavA ghaTa patra kI vidhi pUrvaka prApta huA nAma rakhanA hI nAmakaraNa saMskAra hai| vaidika - vaidika paramparA meM gRhyasUtroM ke AdhAra para nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke dina nimna vidhi kI jAtI hai - usa dina ghara ko prakSAlita kara zuddha karate haiN| zizu aura mAtA ko snAna karavAyA jAtA hai| usake bAda mAtA zizu ko zuddha vastra se Dha~kakara tathA usake sira ko gIlA kara pitA ko hastAntarita karatI hai| usake bAda prajApati, agni, soma Adi ko AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| pitA zizu ke zvAsa-prazvAsoM kA sparza karatA hai, jisakA uddezya saMbhavataH zizu kA dhyAna saMskAra kI ora AkRSTa karanA hai| usake bAda nAma rakhA jAtA hai| paravartI granthoM meM nAmakaraNa kI nimnalikhita vidhi prApta hotI hai - pitA zizu ke dAhine kAna kI ora jhukatA huA isa prakAra sambodhita karatA hai - 'he zizu, tu kuladevatA kA bhakta hai, terA nAma hai, tU isa nakSatra meM janmA hai, ataH terA nAma hai tathA terA laukika nAma hai|' vahA~ para ekatrita hue brAhmaNa kahate haiM'yaha nAma pratiSThita ho|' phira pitA aupacArika rUpa se zizu dvArA brAhmaNoM ko abhivAdana karavAtA hai, phira vahI abhivAdanIya nAma rakhA jAtA hai| brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA jAtA hai tathA devatAoM aura pitaroM ko Adara pUrvaka apane-apane sthAna kI ora saMpreSita karate haiN| 21 yahIM para nAma saMskAra samApta ho jAtA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke vividha pakSa ........ yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA vivecana kareM, to zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika - tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra kI vividha viziSTatAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiN| vaha nimnAnusAra haiM * zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- ina tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke nAma ko lekara samAnatA hai, kintu saMskAra krama kI apekSA bhinnatA hai /

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nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa... 131 * zvetAmbara paramparA meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra kA krama AThavA~, digambara paramparA meM sAtavA~ evaM vaidika paramparA meM pA~cavA krama hai| * zvetAmbara AmnAya meM jaina brAhmaNa, digambara meM jaina dvija evaM vaidika mata meM zizu kA pitA evaM brAhmaNa isa saMskAra ke adhikArI batalAe gae haiM ataH tInoM paramparAoM meM adhikArI sambandhI prAyaH samAnatA hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM isa saMskAra kA kAla bArahavA~ dina tathA arvAcIna granthoM meM bArahavA~, solahavA~ Adi dinoM ke vikalpa batAe gae haiN| digambara paramparA meM janma se bArahaveM dina yA usake bAda kisI zubha dina yaha saMskAra karane kA ullekha hai| vaidika mata meM dasaveM dina se lekara eka varSa kI avadhi taka koI bhI kAla isa saMskAra ke lie upayukta mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra bArahaveM dina kI apekSA tulanA kara dekheM to tInoM paramparAoM meM saMskAra kAla ko lekara samAnatA hI pratIta hotI hai, vikalpa kI dRSTi se bheda bhI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM vAsacUrNa ko abhimantrita karane hetu 'vardhamAnavidyAmantra' ke smaraNa kA ullekha hai, kintu digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko lekara kisI mantra kA nirdeza nahIM huA hai| * * zvetAmbara evaM digambara- ina donoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane ke lie jinapratimA kA darzana-pUjana evaM guru kA darzana-vaMdana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| sAtha hI jyotiSI evaM vidhikAraka guru kA yathAyogya satkAra karanA bhI jarUrI batalAyA hai| yaha bAta donoM meM samAna hai, kintu AcAradinakara meM jyotiSI dvArA lagnakuMDalI banavAnA, lagna kuMDalI kI bahumUlya dravya dvArA pUjA karanA, upAzraya meM maMDalIpaTTa kI pUjA karanA, gRhastha guru dvArA kula vRddhA ke kAna meM bAlaka kA nAma kahanA, jinapratimA evaM guru ke samakSa nUtana nAma kA uccAraNa karanA Adi vidhiyA~ vizeSa hai tathA AdipurANa (digambara) meM ghaTIpAtra kI vidhi atirikta kahI gaI hai, ataH ina donoM paramparAoM meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi ko lekara kucha samAnatA to kucha asamAnatAe~ haiN| vaidika paramparA meM mAnya saMskAra vidhi jaina paramparA se sarvathA bhinna hai| upasaMhAra carAcara jagata nAma rUpAtmaka hai / jagata kI koI bhI vastu nAma aura rUpa kI paridhi se pare nahIM hai| rUpa cakSu grAhya hotA hai aura nAma zruti saMvedya / rUpa ke

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132...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAkSAtkAra se kisI vastu kA AbhAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usakA spaSTa abhijJAna nAma se hI hotA hai| nAmoccAraNa karate hue usakI guNa rAzi bhI spaSTa hotI hai jaise- mRta, gaMgA, zaMkara, aadi| 'nAma' zabda kA artha hI hai-'namyate abhidhIyate artho'nena iti nAma' arthAta jisase artha kA abhijJAna ho, vahI nAma hai| rUpa ke sammukha rahane para bhI nAma ko jAne binA spaSTa jJAna nahIM hotA hai ata: jagat-vyApAra meM nAma kA atyadhika mahattva hai| yaha mAnava kI bhASika-saMracanA hai| manuSyoM kI to bAta hI kyA? pazu-pakSI bhI apanA nAma sunakara ullasita, utkaNThita hote haiN| santa manISI kahate haiM-'nAma akhila vyavahAra evaM maMgalamaya kAryoM kA hetu hai|' isI kAraNa nAmakarma atyanta prazasta hai| saMtoM ke nAma kI mahimA to itanI adhika hai ki nAma lete hI puNya kI prApti ho jAtI hai| jaya mahAvIra, jaya jinendra, jaya zrIrAma ityAdi kahate hI hamAre aMga-pratyaMga meM eka viziSTa prakAra kI saMtuSTi evaM samAdhi kA saMcAra ho jAtA hai| astu, bhUtala para avatarita prANI ko pRthak astitva evaM viziSTa svarUpa pradAna karane vAlA pahalA caraNa hai-nAmakaraNa sNskaar|22 yadi hama isa saMskAra kA samIkSAtmaka pahalU se vicAra kareM, to kucha rahasya udghATita hote haiN| jaise-bArahaveM dina yA bArahaveM dina ke bAda hI putra kA nAmakaraNa saMskAra isalie kiyA jAtA hai ki navajAta zizu ke prArambhika 1011 dina bahuta hI nAjuka evaM AzaMkAoM se bhare hue hote haiM, yadi isI antarAla meM zizu kA nAmakaraNa kara liyA jAe aura ApAtata: usakI mRtyu ho jAe to atyanta komala evaM saMvedanazIla janamAnasa ko usa zabda (nAma) ke prati ghRNA ho sakatI hai| nAma zizu jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai| bhAvI jIvana kI lambI yAtrA usa nAma ke AdhAra para hI pUrI karanI hotI hai ata: nAmakaraNa ke dina ko utsavamahotsava pUrvaka manAnA cAhie aura vaha mahotsava janma ke 10-12 dina bAda hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai, kyoMki 10-12 dina ke pUrva mAtA evaM zizu-donoM hI prasUti kakSa se bAhara nikalane kI sthiti meM nahIM hote haiN| mAtA ke pAsa prasavoparAnta prArambhika dinoM meM raktasrAva Adi kI azuddhi rahatI hai, isa kAraNa bhI nAmakaraNa saMskAra ke lie bArahavA~ dina yogya mAnA gayA hai|

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nAmakaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA pracalita svarUpa ...133 adhikAMza paramparAoM meM prArambha ke dasa dina sUtaka kAla ke rUpa meM kahe gae haiM ata: isa sthiti meM bArahaveM dina ke pUrva nAmakaraNa saMskAra ko sampanna nahIM kara sakate haiN| vaidika paramparA ke anusAra pitA dvArA hI nAmakaraNa kiyA jAe, isa bAdhyatA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samaya meM striyA~ apekSAkRta anapar3ha huA karatI thIM, jinheM zabdoM kA samucita jJAna nahIM hotA thA, isalie nAmakaraNa kA adhikAra pitA yA brAhmaNa puruSa varga ko hI diyA gayA hai| nAmakaraNa ke dina jinapratimA kA darzana karanA, bahumUlya sAmagrI car3hAnA, guru mahArAja kI navAMgI pUjA karanA, unakA AzIrvAda prApta karanA ityAdi vidhividhAnoM ko sampanna karane kA prayojana hai ki vaha bAlaka prArambha se hI deva-gurudharma kI ArAdhanA karane vAlA ho, usakA manomastiSka satsaMgamaya vAtAvaraNa se sadA ke lie AplAvita banA rahe, vaha Arya-saMskRti kA rakSaka bane, samAja kA dIpa stambha bane ityAdi kaIM uddezya rahe hue haiN| usa dina meM saMprApta huA AzIrvAda parivAra evaM bAlaka ke lie varadAna banate haiM, kyoMki usa dina pArivArika varga meM vizeSa umaMga aura ullAsa kA vAtAvaraNa upasthita hotA hai, usa sthiti meM guru dvArA die gae AzIrvAda ko sabhI jana harSollAsa evaM antaHcetanA pUrvaka svIkAra karate haiN| ye sabhI prakriyAe~ zizu ke bhAvI nirmANa ke lie sAkSAta ciMtAmaNi ke samAna hotI haiN| isa prakAra yaha dRr3hatA se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha saMskAra anekazaH uddezyoM se ota-prota hai| isa satyatA ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai ki isa duniyA~ meM anekoM manuSya haiM, anekoM padArtha haiM, anekoM kriyAkalApa haiM unako nAmakaraNa ke binA pahacAnanA asaMbhava hai, usI prakAra pratyeka vyakti ko apanI pahacAna banAe rakhane ke lie isa saMskAra ko saprayojana svIkAra karanA hogA-yahI isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 186 2. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 105 3. manusmRti, 2/31 4. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 7/1/15 5. SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, zrIrAmazarmA, pR. 5-10

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134...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 6. AcAradinakara, pR. 15 7. AdipurANa, parva-38, pR. 247 8. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 109 9. AcAradinakara, pR. 15 10. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.-1, pR. 195-96 11. AdipurANa, pR. 15 12. vahI, parva-38, pR. 247 13. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 10 14. (ka) zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/24/4 (kha) AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/15/4 (ga) pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/15/4 (gha) gobhilagRhyasUtra, 2/7/15 . (Da) khAdiragRhyasUtra, 2/2/30 15. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 108 16. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 196 17. (ka) jJAtAdharmakathA, madhukaramuni, 1/93 (kha) aupapAtika, madhukaramuni, 105 (ga) rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni, 280 (gha) kalpasUtra, 101 18. AcAradinakara, pR. 16 19. (ka) vahI, pR. 15 (kha) zrAddhasaMskArakumudendu, AThavIM kalA 20. AdipurANa, parva-38, pR. 247 21. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 108-109 22. saMskAra aMka-DaoN. mukundapati tripAThI dvArA Alekhita lekha para AdhArita

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adhyAya - 10 annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa ___anna ko jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA mAnA gayA hai| pratikSaNa kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIva dvArA AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| parantu inameM annAhAra kA vizeSa mahattva hai| anna jIvana kA niyAmaka tattva hai| isI ke AdhAra para vyakti kA AcAra evaM vyaktitva nirmANa hotA hai| annaprAzana saMskAra bAlaka ko prathama bAra anna khilAe jAne se sambandhita hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vidhividhAna pUrvaka bAlaka ko supAcya anna khilAyA jAtA hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki bAlaka kA prArambhika jIvana mAtA ke stana-pAna para hI avalambita rahatA hai| annaprAzana saMskAra na hone taka bAlaka dugdhAhAra dvArA hI zArIrika evaM mAnasika puSTatA ko prApta karatA hai| __ vaidika paramparA ke anusAra prAcInakAla meM zizu ko pahalI bAra bhojana karavAnA, eka prathA mAtra thI kintu jaise-jaise isa prakriyA ke sadpariNAma pratyakSa hone lage, yaha kAryakArI siddha hone lgaa| taba se paravartI sAhitya lekhakoM ne isa prathA ko dhArmika saMskAra ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyaa|' Agama paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra pUrvakAlIna siddha hotA hai| isa saMskAra kA udbhava Agamayuga meM ho cukA thaa| rAjapraznIya nAmaka upAMgasUtra meM isa saMskAra ke sandarbha meM spaSTa ullekha haiM, isase hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina paramparA kA yaha saMskAra adhika prAcIna hai| yaha saMskAra zArIrika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se atyanta mahattva rakhatA hai| zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika-ina tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko samAna rUpa se mAnA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra sampanna karane kA jo mUlabhUta uddezya hai, vaha sabhI paramparAoM kA eka-sA hai| prayojana kI dRSTi se koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai, kintu isa saMskAra kI vidhi prakriyA evaM saMskAra kI kramikatA ko lekara avazya asamAnatAe~ haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM annaprAzana saMskAra kA nauvA~ sthAna hai|

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136...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana digambara matAnusAra isakA dasavA~ sthAna hai tathA vaidika granthoM meM isa saMskAra ko AThaveM krama para rakhA gayA hai| annaprAzana saMskAra kA zAbdika artha anna+pra+azana-ina tIna zabdoM ke saMyoga se 'annaprAzana' zabda nirmita hai| isakA vyutpattilabhya artha hai-viziSTa prakAra kA, susaMskArI evaM sAtvika anna kA bhojn| vizuddha bhAvanAoM ke sAtha kula paramparA yA dharma paramparA ke anusAra vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka bacce ke mu~ha meM prathama bAra khilAyA jAnA annaprAzana saMskAra kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to samyak prakAra se susaMskArita aura sAtvika annAhAra ko bAlaka ke mu~ha meM annaprAzana saMskAra hai| annaprAzana saMskAra kI maulika AvazyakatA yadi hama annaprAzana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA, upAdeyatA evaM uddezyatA para vicAra karate haiM to kaI mahattvapUrNa pahalU saprayojana upasthita hote haiN| 'anna vaiH prANA'-upaniSada grantha meM anna ko prANa kahA gayA hai| isa mata ke sabhI samarthaka haiN| hindU granthoM meM anna ko viSNu, anna ko yajJa aura anna ko brahma bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha sujJAta hai ki anna se hI jIvana tattva milatA hai, vahI rakta, mA~sa banakara jIvana dhAraNa kie rahane kI kSamatA utpanna karatA hai| AdhAra ke binA jIvana TikanA muzkila hai| isa taraha anna ko zarIra hI nahIM, jIvana bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| vastuta: anna jIvanaprada tattva hai| vaha manuSya ko jIvana pradAna karatA hai| yahA~ taka ki manuSya kI vicAraNA, bhAvanA evaM AkAMkSA bhI bahuta kara anna para hI nirbhara rahatI hai| 'jo jaisA khAtA hai, vaha vaisA hI bana jAtA hai'-yaha ukti kevala zarIra ke sambandha meM hI lAgU nahIM hotI, varan usakA tAtparya mAnasika sthiti se bhI hai| pauSTika evaM sAtvika AhAra karane vAle zarIra kI dRSTi se niroga, balavAn, dIrghajIvI aura suDaula hote haiM aura jinakA AhAra nimna koTikA evaM anupayukta hotA hai, ve rogI, durbala aura alpAyu hote haiN| isake pramANa paga-paga para hara jagaha milate haiN| yaha bhI eka sanizcita tathya hai ki 'jaisA khAe anna, vaisA hoe mana' jisa prakAra kA AhAra kA stara hogA, usake anurUpa hI manuSya kI bhAvanAoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| isa varNana se itanA to

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annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa... 137 sunizcita hai ki anna jIvana kA abhinna aMga hai aura isake binA jIvana ko dIrgha samaya taka TikA pAnA asaMbhava hai ataH anna ko grahaNa karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| yaha isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko bhI siddha karatA hai| isa saMskAra kA dUsarA prayojana yaha hai ki prathama bAra AhAra grahaNa karavAte samaya yaha bhAvanA saMpreSita kI jAtI hai ki yaha bAlaka hamezA susaMskArI anna grahaNa kre| isI ke sAtha 'AhAra zuddhau satva zuddhiH' kI preraNA isa mAdhyama se hRdayaMgama karAI jAtI hai| navajAta zizu ko khAne yogya padArtha se paricita karavAyA jAtA hai| usa utsava - Ananda ke mAhaula meM die gae saMskAra gaharAI taka pariNata hote haiN| vaha zizu bhI usa bAta ko zIghratA se grahaNa karatA hai| sAtha hI isa avasara para upasthita vyaktiyoM kI bhAvanAoM kA bhI komala mana para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| yaha eka manovaijJAnika tathya hai ataH bAlaka mana ko yogya AhAra se paricita karAne evaM sAttvika AhAra kI zikSA dene ke prayojana se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAnA sarvathA ucita pratIta hotA hai / isa saMskAra utsava ke pIche tIsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki jyoM-jyoM bAlaka kA zArIrika vikAsa hone lagatA hai, tyoM-tyoM zarIra puSTi evaM zarIrabala ke lie Avazyaka sAdhanoM kI bhI jarUrateM bar3hane lagatI haiN| unameM AhAra kI AvazyakatA pramukhataH mAnI jA sakatI hai kyoMki AhAra hI zarIra ke lie pauSTika evaM balavarddhaka mAnA gayA hai| usameM bhI zArIrika vikAsa kI dRSTi se annAhAra hI upayogI hotA hai| dugdhAhAra eka nizcita avadhi taka ke lie hI kAryakArI hotA hai isIlie veda granthoM meM anna kI zakti ko prANa kahA hai| isa prakAra zArIrika vikAsa hetubhUta evaM daihika meM pauSTikatA ko banAe rakhane ke prayojana se bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI upayukta lagatA hai ki eka nizcita samaya ke bAda mAtA ke stanapAna se dUdha kI mAtrA bhI ghaTane lagatI hai, taba zizu ke lie anya AhAra kI AvazyakatA svataH bar3ha jAtI hai aura vaha zuddha, sAtvika aura saMskArI AhAra annAhAra hI ho sakatA hai ataH mAtA evaM zizu donoM ke hitAvaha kI dRSTi se bhI yaha saMskAra nitAnta rUpa se Avazyaka kahA jA sakatA hai| isa taraha annaprAzana saMskAra ke anya bhI kaI prayojana evaM uddezya kahe jA sakate haiN|

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138...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana annaprAzana saMskAra karane kA prAthamika adhikArI zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAe jAne kA nirdeza prApta hai| digambara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra kauna karavAtA hai? isakA spaSTa ullekha par3hane meM nahIM AyA hai tathA vaidika sAhitya meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM ko pitA aura brAhmaNa-donoM ke dvArA karavAe jAne kA sUcana milatA hai| annaprAzana saMskAra sambandhI zubhamuhUrta viSayaka ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra kina nakSatroM, tithiyoM evaM vAroM meM kiyA jAnA cAhie, isakA atyanta spaSTa nirdeza hai, kintu digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM tadviSayaka carcA nahIMvata prApta hotI hai| ___AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke lie nimna dina zubha kahe gae haiM- jisa dina revatI, zravaNa, hasta, mRgazirA, punarvasu, anurAdhA, azvinI, citrA, rohiNI, uttarAtraya, dhaniSThA aura puSya-ye nakSatra hoM tathA ravi, soma, budha, guru aura zukravAra hoN| isI ke sAtha zubha lagna, zubha tithi evaM zubha yoga hone para zizu ke caMdrabala ko dekhakara annaprAzana saMskAra karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isameM yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki jo nakSatra Adi isa saMskAra ke lie zubha haiM, unameM acche graha vidyamAna hone para amAvasyA aura riktA tithi ko chor3akara zubha tithi meM annaprAzana saMskAra karanA caahie| yadi usa dina bAlaka kI lagnakuMDalI meM azubha graha vidyamAna hoM to usake viparIta pariNAma kyA ho sakate haiM yaha bhI nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke nimitta zubhadina Adi kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| annaprAzana saMskAra hetu upayukta kAla zvetAmbara paramparA ke mata se yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke janma se chaThaveM mAsa meM evaM bAlikA ke janma se pA~caveM mAsa meM kiyA jAnA caahie|' digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke lie bAlaka-bAlikA unake janma se sAta, ATha yA nau mAha ke bAda kA samaya uttama batalAyA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM vibhinna mata-matAntara dekhane ko milate haiN|

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annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa ...139 gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma hone ke pazcAta chaThaveM mAsa meM kiyA jAnA caahie| prAcIna smRtiyoM ne bhI isake lie chaThavAM mahInA upayukta mAnA hai|10 kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra yaha bArahaveM mAsa meM athavA eka varSa sampUrNa hone para bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai|11 laugAkSi ke niyamAnusAra pAcana-zakti ke vikasita ho jAne para athavA dA~toM ke nikalane para annaprAzana saMskAra karanA caahie|12 isa niyama se sUcita hotA hai ki dA~ta Thosa anna grahaNa karane kI kSamatA ke vikasita hone ke pratyakSa cihna haiN| durbala zizu ke lie yaha avadhi bar3hAI bhI jA sakatI haiM, kintu antima sImA eka varSa taka kI nirdhArita kI jAnI cAhie anyathA mAtA ke svAsthya aura zizu kI pAcanazakti ke vikAsa ke lie hAnikAraka sthiti paidA kara sakate haiM ata: eka varSa kI avadhi taka yaha saMskAra kara hI diyA jAnA caahie| isa avadhi ke antargata bhI bAlakoM ke lie sama tathA bAlikAoM ke lie viSama mAsa vihita mAne gae haiN| liMga para AdhArita yaha bheda isa bhAva kA sUcaka hai ki saMskAroM meM vibhinna liMgoM ke lie kisI na kisI prakAra kA antara avazya honA caahie| isa prakAra vaidika mata meM chaThaveM mAsa se lekara eka varSa taka kI avadhi isa saMskAra ke lie yogya kahI gaI hai| annaprAzana saMskAra sambandhI Avazyaka sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke lie agralikhita sAmagrI apekSita mAnI gaI hai 13 (1) sabhI prakAra ke dhAnya (2) sabhI prakAra ke phala (3) sabhI vikRtiyA~ (4) svarNa, rajata, tAmra aura kAMse eka-eka pAtra ityAdi vastue~ isa saMskAra ke lie ekatrita karanI caahie| digambara evaM vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra ke lie kisI bhI sAmagrI kA ullekha lagabhaga nahIM hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi zvetAmbara- zvetAmbara paramparA meM annaprAzana saMskAra kI vidhi nimnalikhita rUpa meM pratipAdita kI gaI hai14 . jisa zubhayoga Adi dina meM yaha saMskAra sampanna karanA ho, usa dina pUrvokta lakSaNavAn gRhastha guru zizu ke ghara Ae aura usa deza meM utpanna hone vAle sabhI prakAra ke dhAnya ko ekatrita kre| isI ke sAtha usa deza meM utpanna hone vAle aura usa zahara meM upalabdha ho sakane vAle phaloM evaM cha: vikRtiyoM (dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, gur3a aura talI huI vastue~)

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140... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko saMgrahita kre| usake bAda sabhI prakAra ke dhAnyoM, sabjiyoM evaM vikRtiyoM dvArA vividha prakAra ke vyaMjana banAe / * phira arihanta pratimA kA bRhatsnAtra kI vidhi pUrvaka paMcAmRta snAna krvaaeN| * phira nirmita vyaMjanoM ko pRthak pAtra meM sthApita kara mantroccAraNa pUrvaka jinapratimA ke sammukha cddh'aae| sabhI prakAra ke phala bhI cddh'aae| * usake bAda bAlaka ko arhatsnAtra kA jala pilaaeN| * punaH ve saba vastue~, jo pratimA ke sammukha car3hAI thIM, amRtAzrava mantra se abhimantrita kara gautamasvAmI kI pratimA ke Age cddh'aae| phira usameM se bacI huI vastuoM ko kula devatA ke mantra dvArA kula devatA evaM devI maMtra dvArA gautra devI kI pratimA ke Age rkheN| * tadanantara kula devI ke Age rakhe gae naivedya meM se zizu ke parimANa jitanA AhAra lekara maMgalagIta gAte hue usakI zizu ke mukha meM rkhe| usa samaya gRhastha guru veda mantra kA tIna bAra pATha kre| * usake bAda SaDrasa yukta bhojana sAdhu ko bhraae| * maMDalIpaTTa ke Upara paramAnna (khIra) se bharA huA suvarNapAtra rkhe| * phira vidhikAraka guru ko droNa pramANa sabhI prakAra ke anna kA dAna kare tathA ghI, tela Adi tulA pramANa de aura sabhI jAti ke 108-108 phala pradAna kre| sAtha hI tAMbe kI carU, kAMse kA thAla aura do vastra bhI dene caahie| digambara- digambara paramparA ke matAnusAra isa saMskAra meM arihanta paramAtmA kI pUjA Adi kRtya karate haiM aura bAlaka ko yathAyogya anna khilAte haiN| AdipurANa 15 meM annaprAzana saMskAra kI yahI vidhi kahI gaI hai| 15 isake sivAya yaha saMskAra kauna karavAtA hai ? anna Adi kI vastue~ kisa prakAra nirmita karate haiM? zizu ko prathama bAra kaunasI vastu khilAte haiM? isa sambandha meM koI vivaraNa par3hane ko nahIM milA hai| niSadyA saMskAra - digambara paramparA meM nauvAM niSadyA nAma kA saMskAra mAnA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra zizu ke janma ke tIna-cAra mAha pazcAt kisI zubha dina meM dvija dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra nAma ke anusAra isameM bAlaka ko uttama Asana para biThAne kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| isa kriyA meM siddha bhagavAn kI pUjA karanA Adi sampUrNa vidhi pUrvavata hI karanI cAhie | 16 vaidika- isa paramparA meM annaprAzana saMskAra kI sAmAnya evaM prAcIna vidhi isa prakAra varNita hai- sarvaprathama annaprAzana saMskAra ke dina yajJIya-bhojana ke padArtha

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annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa... 141 vaidika mantroM ke sAtha svaccha kie jAte the aura pakAe jAte the| usake bAda eka Ahuti vAgdevatA ko aura dUsarI Ahuti Urjja ko dI jAtI thii| sAtha hI pitA dvArA cAra AhutiyA~ alaga se dI jAtI thI / yahA~ bhojana zabda kA prayoga vyApaka artha meM huA hai| isa prasaMga para zizu kI samasta indriyoM kI santuSTi ke lie prArthanA kI jAtI thI, jisase vaha sukhI va santuSTa jIvana vyatIta kara sake / 17 isa avasara ke Avazyaka kRtya sampanna ho jAne para pitA bAlaka ko khilAne ke lie sabhI prakAra ke bhojana tathA svAdiSTa vyaMjanoM ko pRthak-pRthak rakhatA thA aura mauna pUrvaka athavA 'hanta' isa zabda ke sAtha zizu ko bhojana karAyA jAtA thaa| 18 phira brAhmaNa bhojana ke sAtha yaha saMskAra sampanna hotA thA / yaha prAcIna granthoM meM varNita vidhi kA svarUpa hai| vartamAna yuga kI vidhi ko kAphI parivartana ke sAtha dekhA jA sakatA hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa viSaya ko lekara bhI kAphI matabheda haiM aura yaha prazna bhI vaidika mata meM pramukha rUpa se uThA hai ki zizu ko pahalI bAra kaunasA AhAra khilAyA jAnA cAhie? kucha dahI, sAmAnya avadhAraNA yaha kahatI hai ki zizu ko samasta prakAra kA bhojana aura vibhinna svAdoM kA mizraNa kara khAne ke lie denA caahie| 19 dharmazAstra madhu aura ghRta ko mizrita kara khilAne kA vidhAna karate haiN| vaidika paramparA ke kucha matAnuyAyI mAMsa Adi (amiSa) bhojana kA nirdeza karate haiM aura bacce meM vibhinna prakAra ke guNoM kA vikAsa karane hetu vividha prakAra ke mAMsa Adi sevana ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| yaha atyanta prAcIna kAla kI bAte haiN| vartamAna praNAlI meM dahI, ghI aura dUdha kA sevana karavAyA jAnA hI pracalita hai| mArkaNDeyapurANa zizu ko madhu aura ghI ke sAtha khIra khilAne kA ullekha karatA hai| 20 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidika dharma meM prathama AhAra ko lekara kaI mata pracalita hue haiM tathA vartamAna meM anna Adi ke sAtha dahI, madhu, ghRta yA khIrA Adi ko milAkara khilAne kA vizeSa pracalana hai / annaprAzana saMskAra ke sAragarbhita prayojana annaprAzana saMskAra ke pIche aneka vidhi- anuSThAna sampAdita kie jAte haiN| hamAre samakSa unake kucha prayojana isa prakAra haiM vividha AhAroM meM annAhAra hI saMskAra rUpa kyoM ? anna ko prANa kA devatA mAnA gayA hai| anna jIvana pradAna karane vAlA tattva hai| jo zakti anna

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142... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM hai vaha anya prakAra ke AhAra meM nahIM hai| zArIrika - puSTatA, nirogatA, svasthatA, baliSThatA Adi ke sabhI guNa apekSAkRta anna AhAra meM vizeSa prakAra rahe hue haiN| ina sabhI guNoM kI apekSA se manuSya ke lie anna AhAra hI upayogI pratIta hotA hai| isa AhAra kI anivAryatA ko pratyeka vyakti ke jIvana meM AsAnI se siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai, etadartha annAhAra saMskAra kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| isa saMskAra dvArA bacce ko anna kA mahattva samajhAyA jAtA hai| chaH mAha ke bAda hI annaprAzana saMskAra kA nirdeza kyoM? sAmAnyatayA sabhI paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra kA kAla zizu janma se chaH mAha bAda mAnA gayA hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki usa avadhi ke pUrvakAla taka bAlaka kA zarIra atyanta komala evaM pAcanatantra niSkriya rahatA hai| AhAra ko cabAne, pacAne evaM rakta-mAMsa Adi rUpa meM pariNata karane kI kSamatA alpa vikasita hotI hai, jabaki cha: mAha ke bAda bacce kA pAcanataMtra kucha majabUta hokara adhika kriyAzIla hone lagatA hai, jisase supAcya anna ko pacA lene kI kSamatA A jAtI hai, ataH upayukta avasthA ko jAnakara hI yaha saMskAra chaThaveM mAha Adi meM sampAdita kiyA jAtA hai| 21 tat kriyA yogya bacce kI kamajora evaM pUrva meM ananubhUta kI sI sthiti meM anna ke sAtha pAcana taMtrikA kA saMgharSa kiyA jAnA kucha samaya taka kaThina hotA hai, isalie bhI upayukta samaya kI pratIkSA Avazyaka pratIta hotI hai| annaprAzana saMskAra kA zubha muhUrta se kyA sambandha ? yahA~ eka cintanIya pakSa hai ki annaprAzana ke lie zubha muhUrta kA honA kyoM mahattvapUrNa hai ? annaprAzana se zubha muhUrtta kA kyA sambandha ho sakatA hai? yaha bAta jyotiSa zAstra se sambandhita hai| candra kI zakti evaM tAroM kA prabhAva hamezA samAna nahIM hotA pratyuta usameM badalAva AtA rahatA hai, isa bAta ko Adhunika vijJAna bhI saharSa svIkAratA hai| upajane vAlA anna nizcita rUpa se grahoM, upagrahoM se prabhAvita hotA hai aura usakI pratikriyA bhI alaga-alaga DhaMga kI alaga-alaga samaya meM huA karatI hai| bhAta ko rAta meM khAyA jAnA svAsthya kI dRSTi se anucita hai, kyoMki kapha kI vRddhi karatA hai, kintu udara vyathA se pIr3ita vyakti dvArA yadi use dina meM khAyA jAtA hai to vaha doSAvaha na hokara guNAvaha

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annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa ...143 hotA hai - yaha to eka udAharaNa mAtra hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka anna pratyeka samaya meM zArIrika kriyAoM ko prabhAvita karatA hai ataH annaprAzana ke samaya muhUrtta kA vicAra karanA vaidyaka zAstra ke anukUla bAta hai / annaprAzana ke pUrva jaina brAhmaNa yA mAtA-pitA ko pavitra rahanA jarUrI kyoM? annaprAzana saMskAra sampanna karane se pUrva brAhmaNa ko yA mAtA-pitA ko atyanta pavitra rahane kI jo zarta granthoM meM nirUpita hai, usako hama Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se pariveza meM avasthita hAnikAraka jIvANu se bacane vAle upAyoM ke rUpa meM dekha sakate haiN| mAtA ko zuci sampanna hone ke lie isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha anna ko pakAkara khAne lAyaka rUpa pradAna karatI hai| vaidika mata meM pitA apane hAthoM se putra ko bhojana karAtA hai ataH usakA bhI nirmala honA Avazyaka hai| annaprAzana ke samaya dadhi, madhu, ghRta evaM khIra kA mahattva- vaidika paramparA meM annaprAzana ke avasara para khilAe jAne vAle dhAnyAdi ke sAtha dadhi Adi vastuoM kA sammizraNa kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zArIrika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| sAmAnyatayA ina vastuoM ke prabhAva se bhojana ke bAda utpanna hone vAlI nAnA prakAra kI vikRtiyA~ dUra hotI haiN| AyurvedazAstra ke anusAra dadhi, madhu evaM ghRta dazAdhika bImAriyoM ko dUra karane kI sAmarthya apane meM rakhate haiM arthAta ina vastuoM ke sevana dvArA zarIra svastha rahatA hai| jahA~ taka khIra kA prazna hai, vaha supAcya evaM sAttvika guNa pradhAna hone ke kAraNa hI use isa saMskAra meM pramukhatA dI gaI hai / prastuta saMskAra ke avasara para zizu ke AhAra meM ina donoM tathyoM kA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| use koI aisI cIja na dI jAe, jo pAcana meM kaThinAI utpanna karatI ho tathA itanI adhika mAtrA meM bhI na ho, jo AmAzaya aura A~to para bhAra banakara usake jIvana kA saMkaTa bana jaae| jo abhibhAvaka baccoM ke AhAra kI mAtrA kA evaM supAcyatA Adi kA dhyAna nahIM rakhate haiM, ve unake zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya ko bigAr3ane ke aparAdhI hote haiN| Aja kI sthiti yahI hai| loga bacce to paidA kara lete haiM, para unake AhAra ke bAre meM samucita jJAna nahIM rakhate, anAvazyaka mAtrA meM anupayukta khAdya vastue~ khilAte rahate haiM / phalasvarUpa bAlaka rogI hotA hai aura asamaya hI kAla-kavalita ho jAtA hai| hamAre deza meM isa prakAra bAla mRtyu

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144... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana abhibhAvakoM kI isa ajJAnatA ke kAraNa hI adhika ho rahI hai| saMsAra meM bAla mRtyu kI ausata sabase adhika bhArata meM hI hai| isakA pradhAna kAraNa choTe bAlakoM ke AhAra sambandhI ajJAna ko hI samajhanA cAhie ataH isa saMskAra ke prasaMga para tathA usake bAda bhI sAta-ATha varSa taka baccoM ke AhAra kI mAtrA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA cAhie, vahI saccA saMskAra hai| 22 jinapratimA, kuladevatA Adi ke samakSa anna Adi kA arpaNa kyoM? khAne se pUrva denA yA arpaNa karanA bhAratIya saMskRti kA avicchinna aMga hai| yaha hamArI prAcIna aura laukika saMskRti rahI hai| bhojana thAlI meM Ate hI gAya, cIMTI Adi kA bhAga usameM se avazya nikAlate haiN| sAtha hI bhojana Izvara ko samarpita kara yA vaidika mata se agni meM Ahuti dene ke bAda khAte haiN| holI kA parva to isI prayojana ke lie hI hai| naI phasala meM se eka dAnA bhI mukha meM DAlane se pUrva pahale usakI AhutiyA~ holikA - yajJa meM dete haiM, taba use khAne kA adhikAra milatA hai| kisAna phasala ko sApha kara jaba khalihAna meM anna rAzi taiyAra kara letA hai, to sabase pahale usameM se eka TokarI anna dharma kArya ke lie nikAlatA hai, taba vaha anna rAzi ghara le jAtA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti yaha rahI hai ki kisI bhI dravya kA upayoga karane se pUrva dharma ke nimitta kucha avazya dAna kiyA jAe / dAna karane se jIvana meM udAratA, niHsvArthatA aura paramArthatA Adi guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| pUjanIya paramAtmA ke prati ahobhAva ke guNa prakaTa hote haiN| samAja ke bIca bhI vaha dhArmika, dAnavIra, paropakArI kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki paramAtmA Adi ko kucha bhI arpita karane kI bhAvanA se vyakti ke jIvana meM laukika yA lokottara donoM dRSTiyoM se parivartana AtA hai| arpita karanA apane-Apa meM bahuta bar3A guNa hai| yaha eka dhArmika kartavya bhI hai| jo apanI kamAI Apa hI khAtA hai, parva vizeSa yA anuSThAna vizeSa ke avasara para jinAlaya meM kucha bhI nahIM car3hAtA hai, vaha kAnUna yA prathA- paramparA ke anusAra bhale hI sabhya ho, kintu naitikatA evaM dhArmikatA ke anusAra cora hai| hindU paramparA meM dAna kA mahattva vizeSa hai| vahA~ hara choTI-bar3I paramparA meM dAna ko anivArya zarta ke rUpa meM jor3a diyA gayA hai| janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta hara saMskAra meM, hara dharmAnuSThAna meM, deva-darzana meM arpaNa yA dAna ke binA nahIM

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annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa... 145 calatA hai| isakI mahimA ko anyatra bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / pUrvakAla meM deza, dharma, samAja aura saMskRti ke utkarSa meM evaM lokahita meM nirantara lage rahane vAle brAhmaNoM ko samaya-samaya para sammAna pUrvaka dhana isI AdhAra para diyA jAtA thA ki ve nirvAha kI cintA chor3akara pUrA samaya loka kalyANa ke lie lagA skeN| sAdhu-santoM ko dAna dene ke pIche bhI yahI eka kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI taraha jinapratimA Adi ke sammukha naivedyAdi arpita karane ke pIche bhI aneka tathya nihita haiM aura yaha paramparA bahuta hada taka sArthaka evaM zreyaskara bhI hai| isa prakAra annaprAzana saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAna kisI na kisI rUpa meM zarIra, mana evaM buddhi ko svastha rakhane ke nimitta kie jAte haiN| annaprAzana saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana yadi hama annaprAzana saMskAra ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se prastuta karate haiM to bahuta sI maulikatAe~ evaM viziSTatAe~ najara AtI haiN| sAtha hI tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha vidhi evaM isake upayogI vidhAna paraspara meM kitanI samAnatA aura asamAnatA ko lie hue haiM - yaha vivaraNa bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtA hai / nAma kI apekSA - zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- ina tInoM paramparAoM meM prastuta saMskAra ke nAma ke viSaya meM yatkiMcit bhI antara nahIM hai| krama kI apekSA - zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA sthAna nauvA~ hai, digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra dasaveM sthAna para hai, to vaidika paramparA meM AThaveM krama para rakhA gayA hai| adhikArI kI apekSA- zvetAmbara matAnusAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka tathA vaidika paramparA ke anusAra brAhmaNa evaM pitA isa saMskAra ke adhikArI batalAe gae haiN| digambara mata meM isakA spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM ho pAyA hai| yahA~ adhikArI ke viSaya ko lekara tInoM paramparAoM meM kucha samAnatA, to kucha asamAnatA dikhAI detI hai| muhUrtta kI apekSA - isa saMskAra ko kisa zubha dina meM sampanna karanA cAhie? isakA nirdeza zvetAmbaramAnya AcAradinakara meM upalabdha hotA hai, zeSa donoM paramparAe~ isa viSaya meM mauna haiN| kAla kI apekSA - zvetAmbara paramparA liMga nirdhAraNa ke anusAra pA~cavAM yA chaThavAM mahInA, digambara paramparA sAtavA~, AThavA~ yA navA~ mAsa tathA vaidika

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146...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramparA chaThaveM mahIne se lekara eka varSa taka kI avadhi isa saMskAra ke lie suyogya mAnatI hai| __zvetAmbara evaM vaidika donoM paramparAoM ne isa saMskAra kA kAla liMga ke AdhAra para bhI sunizcita kiyA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM liMga nirdhAraNa kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isa prakAra saMskAra kAla ko lekara tInoM paramparAoM meM kathaMcit bhinnatA hai to kathaMcit samAnatA bhii| vidhi kI apekSA- zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha vidhi vistAra ke sAtha carcita hai vahIM digambara granthoM meM yaha vidhi ati saMkSepa meM kahI gaI hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM isa vidhi kA sAmAnya svarUpa prApta hotA hai| mantra kI apekSA- isa saMskAra vidhi ke antargata tInoM paramparAoM meM kisI na kisI mantra kA ullekha avazya hai aura una tInoM meM mantra pATha ko lekara bhinnatAe~ haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM pA~ca prakAra ke mantroM kA ullekha huA hai- 1. naivedya car3hAne kA mantra 2. sUrimaMtra ke antargata AyA huA amRtAzrava maMtra 3. kula devatA maMtra 4. kula devI maMtra aura 5. annaprAzana ke samaya kahA jAne vAlA veda mNtr| vaha veda mantra nimna hai23 "OM arha bhagavAnnarhan trilokanAtha:trilokapUjitaH sudhAdhAra- dhArita zarIro'pi kAvalikAhAramAhAritavAn pazyannapi pAraNavidhA- vikSurasaparamAnna bhojanAtparamAnandadAyakaM blN| taddehinnau-dArika zarIra mAptasvatvamapyAhArasya AhAraM tatte dIrghamAyurArogyamastu aha~ / " digambara paramparA meM annaprAzana kriyA ke avasara para nimna mantra bolane kA nirdeza hai24 'divyAmRtabhAgI bhava, vijayAmRtabhAgIbhava, akSINAmRtabhAgI bhavA' vaidika paramparA meM do prakAra ke laghu mantra dekhane meM Ae haiM- 1. bhU:bhuva: sva:25 2. hnt| 26 ukta tInoM paramparAoM meM ullikhita ye mantra zizu ko anna khilAne ke avasara para bole jAte haiN| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yaha saMskAra atyanta mahattva kA hai|

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annaprAzana saMskAra vidhi kA prAyogika svarUpa... 147 upasaMhAra yadi hama pUrva vivecana ke pazcAt isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM samIkSAtmakadRSTi se manana kareM, to vidita hotA hai ki annaprAzana eka mUlyavAn saMskAra hai| mAnava vikAsa meM yaha saMskAra mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| isa vizva kA pratyeka prANI apane tana, mana evaM cintana ko pavitra rakhanA cAhatA hai / taduparAnta vigata janmoM ke duSprabhAva se evaM isa janma meM satsaMskAroM kA Azraya na milane ke kAraNa vyakti kA tana-mana apavitra bana bhI jAe, to bhI antarmana se vaha svaccha, sAttvika evaM pavitra rahanA cAhatA hai / yaha manobhAvanA annaprAzana saMskAra dvArA pUrNa kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se garbha meM rahe hue AhAra janita doSoM ko dUra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA eka uddezya yaha bhI hai ki anna svayaM eka pavitra vastu hai isalie usakA prathama AsvAda karavAte samaya usake mAdhurya, rasatva, gandhatva evaM uSNatva guNa se paricita karAyA jaae| sandarbha sUcI 1. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 114 2. rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni, sU. 280 3. AcAradinakara, pR. 16 4. AdipurANa, parva - 38, pR. 248 5. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 117-18 6. AcAradinakara, pR. 16 7. AcAradinakara, pR. 16 8. AdipurANa, parva - 38, pR. 248 9. (ka) AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/16 (kha) pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/19/2 (ga) baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, 2/2 10. manusmRti, 2/34, yAjJavalkyasmRti, 1/12 11. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. - 1, pR. 267 12. vahI, pR. 267 13. AcAradinakara, pR. 17 14. AcAradinakara, pR. 16-17

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148...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 15. AdipurANa, parva-38, pR. 248 16. vahI, pR. 246 17. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/19/2 18. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 117-18 19. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 1/19/4 20. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. 1, pR. 275 21. Sor3azasaMskAra (eka vaijJAnika vivecana), DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA, pR. 22 22. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, zrIrAmazarmA, pR. 6-7 23. AcAradinakara, pR. 17 24. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 308 25. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 202 26. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 118

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adhyAya 11 karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tAttvika svarUpa mAnava zarIra kA eka mukhya aMga hai kaan| isakI gaNanA pA~ca saMvedanazIla indriyoM ke antargata hotI hai / vibhinna dRSTiyoM se kAna ke vividha upayoga hai evaM zarIra zAstriyoM kI dRSTi meM yaha eka mukhya niyaMtraNa kendra hai| isI kAraNa bhAratIya RSi- maharSiyoM ne karNachedana saMskAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA hogaa| yaha saMskAra zizu kA karNa chedana karavAe jAne se sambandhita hai| isa saMskAra dvArA paramparAmUlaka vidhi-vidhAna ke mAdhyama se bAlaka kA karNachedana (kAna chidavAnA) kiyA jAtA hai / karNachedana kI prakriyA svastha zarIra evaM svastha mana se sambandha rakhatI hai| yaha saMskAra prAcIna cikitsA paddhati para AdhArita hai / itihAsa kI dRSTi se yaha saMskAra ati prAcIna hai| saMbhavata: prArambhika kAla meM alaMkaraNa ke lie isakA pracalana huA hogA, kintu aba svAsthya kI dRSTi se bhI isakI upayogitA samajha Ane lagI hai| dhArmika saMskAra ke rUpa meM prAraMbha hue isa saMskAra ko vaijJAnika mAnyatA bhI prApta ho cukI hai| AbhUSaNa pahanane ke lie vibhinna aMgoM ke chedana kI prathA na kevala janajAtiyoM meM pracalita rahI hai, apitu sabhya samAja meM bhI zarIra - alaMkaraNa kI prathA ko mAnyatA mila cukI hai| cikitsAzAstra ke abhimatAnusAra roga Adi se rakSA karane ke lie tathA aNDakozavRddhi evaM AntravRddhi ke nirodha ke lie karNavedha avazya karanA cAhie / isa vidhAna ke dvArA ukta rogoM kA yathAsaMbhava nirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai / ' yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki karNachedana kI prathA to atyanta purAnI hai, kintu ise dhArmika saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA bahuta bAda meM prApta huii| yaha bAta gRhyasUtroM kA avalokana karane se avagata hotI hai, kyoMki kisI bhI gRhyasUtra meM isa saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM huA hai| vartamAna paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA jo mahattva dekhA jAtA hai, vaha isake svAsthyamUlaka dRSTikoNa se hai| zvetAmbara, W

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150...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara evaM vaidika- ina do paramparAoM meM karNavedha saMskAra ko svatantra saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai, kintu digambara-mata meM isako svatantra saMskAra na mAnakara caulakarma saMskAra meM isakA antarbhAva kara liyA gayA hai| karNavedha saMskAra kI artha yAtrA isakA sIdhA sA artha hai kAna ke eka bhAga ko chidavAnA yA cheda krvaanaa| isa kriyA ko dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka sampanna karanA karNavedha saMskAra kahalAtA hai| __ karNachedana kI prakriyA niyata suI dvArA hI kI jAtI hai| yUM to svarNasUcikA uttama mAnI gaI hai, kintu apane sAmarthya ke anusAra cA~dI athavA tAMbe kI sUI kA bhI vyavahAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| smRtimahArNava meM tAMbe kI sUcikA kA nirdeza hai| zizu kI jAti ke anusAra inameM bheda ho sakatA hai jaise-rAjaputra ke lie svarNamayI sUcI, brAhmaNa evaM vaizya ke lie rajata nirmita sUcI aura zudra ke lie lauha sUcI kA upayoga karanA caahie| isa prakAra nirdhArita sUcikA dvArA vidhipUrvaka karNachedana karanA karNavedha saMskAra hai| karNavedha saMskAra kI vyAvahArika jagata meM AvazyakatA ___ jaba hama karNavedha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA, upAdeyatA athavA prayojana Adi ko lekara cintana karate haiM, to kaI dRSTiyoM se isakI mUlyavattA siddha hotI hai| yaha saMskAra jitanA vyAvahArika hai, utanA hI vaijJAnika bhii| vyAvahArika dRSTi se karNavedha saMskAra kA mahattva anuzaMsanIya hai| yaha saMskAra sAmAjika dRSTi se vyakti ke saundarya meM abhivRddhi karatA hai| zarIra ke pratyeka aMgoM meM karNa kI apanI eka alaga pahacAna hai| karNa do hote haiM aura apane bIca meM mukhamaNDala ko saundarya se maNDita karate haiN| AdamI svabhAva se hI saundaryapremI hai| saMskAra pUrvaka isa aMga meM viziSTa prakAra kA AbhUSaNa pahananA sauMdarya meM abhivRddhi karanA hai| cikitsAzAstra kI dRSTi se bhI karNavedha saMskAra kA apanA mahattva hai| isake dvArA hAiDrosIla jaise roga kA nivAraNa saMbhava hai| yadi koI vizeSajJa kAna kI nasa ko pahacAnakara ThIka se chidra kara de, to ukta roga nahIM hotaa| dUsarA

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karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tAttvika svarUpa ...151 tathya yaha mAnanIya hai ki saMsAra meM jitanI bhI dhAtue~ utkhanana Adi ke dvArA prApta hotI haiM, una sabhI meM kAmya dhAtue~ gahane ke lie asAdhAraNa guNoM se yukta hotI haiM, jo mAtra saundarya ko hI prabhAvita nahIM karatI, apitu zarIra ke andara vidyamAna rogANuoM ko bhI balAt niyantrita karatI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH sabhI dhAtue~ agni ke saMsparza se jala jAtI haiM yA vikRti ko prApta karatI haiM kintu svarNa evaM cA~dI aisI dhAtue~ haiM, jinheM agni meM tapAe jAne para hI unameM nikhAra AtA hai| __ jyotiSa zAstriyoM dvArA nAnA prakAra ke amaMgala grahoM kI zAnti ke nimitta aneka prakAra ke ratna dhAraNa kie jAne kI salAha dI jAtI haiN| unake dhAraNa karane ke sthAna bhI zAstroM meM niyata kie gae haiM, jahA~ usa ratna ke saMsparza hone se una grahoM kI zAnti hotI hai| isa dRSTi se karNavedha saMskAra dvArA jisa bacce ke kAna meM cheda karavAe jAte haiM aura unameM uttamottama dhAtuoM ke sAtha ratna dhAraNa karavAe jAte haiM, ve svAsthya, graha zAnti evaM saundarya vardhana hote haiN| dArzanika dRSTi se bhI isa saMskAra kA mahattva hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA ne likhA hai ki yaha saMsAra eka zUnya hai, zUnya ke alAvA isameM kucha bhI nahIM hai| prakRti dvArA sarjita zarIra meM anekoM riktiyA~ banAI gaI hai, kintu vyakti dvArA yaha rikta sthAna kRtrima rIti se bhara die jAte hai, jisakA saMketa saMsAra kI aTala satyatA kI ora rahatA hai| vyakti zUnya meM kucha bhI karane ko svataMtra hai kyoMki yaha zUnya zAzvata nahIM hai arthAta zUnya ko puruSArtha dvArA bAMTA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra Aga ke zoloM meM jala ke kaNa DhUMDhe jA sakate haiM, pASANa meM rasa ke phavvAre phUTa sakate haiM, usI prakAra karNavadha saMskAra dvArA asaMbhava kAryoM ko saMbhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kI anupama vizeSatAoM meM se eka hai| isa saMskAra kA eka prayojana yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti jo kucha suna rahA ho, use ucita artha kI kSamatA pUrvaka sunane vAlA ho arthAta eka sI ghaTanA kA aneka prakAra se artha nikAlane vAlA ho, usa ghaTanA ko samasta abhiprAyoM se jAnane vAlA ho, cheda-cheda kara viveka pUrvaka samajhane vAlA ho jaise-kisI bhI mRtyu para dasa-bAraha vyakti ro rahe hoM to usa sthiti meM pratyeka vyakti kA rUdana sunakara hara vyakti ke rone kA sahI artha lagAnA, usa rUdana

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152...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI ghaTanA ko sUkSmatA pUrvaka dekhanA hai| eka bichur3ane ke duHkha se ro rahA hai to dUsarA usa mRta vyakti se pUrva meM prApta kie sukha para kRtajJatA dikhAne ke nimitta ro rahA hai to eka rivAja samajhakara ro rahA hai, eka dUsare kI A~khoM meM A~sU dekhakara apane A~sU thAma nahIM pA rahA hai| karNa cheda aisI hI zakti ko jAgRta karane kA prathama pATha hai| yoga sAdhanA kI dRSTi se karNa vedha ke sthAna ko apramAda kA kendra mAnA gayA hai, jahA~ cheda kiyA jAtA hai| usa sthAna vizeSa para dabAva par3ane se vyakti kI pramAda dazA dUra hotI hai| isa prakAra isa saMskAra kA sambandha mana kI sajagatA se bhI rahA huA hai| gA~voM kI pAThazAlA meM Aja bhI yaha dRzya pratyakSata: dekhane ko milatA hai ki jaba koI vidyArthI bhUla karatA hai, adhyApaka kI AjJA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, taba adhyApaka chAtra ko donoM kAna pakar3akara UThaka-baiThaka karavAte haiN| laukika jagata meM vyakti apanI bhUla ko kabUla karane ke lie tathA puna: usa bhUla ko na doharAne kI bhAvAbhivyakti ke lie sahasA apane karNapaTala ko pakar3atA hai| vartamAnayuga kI ekyUpaMcara cikitsA paddhati bhI isa saMskAra ke sAtha mela khAtI hai| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para karNavedha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA aura upAdeyatA aneka dRSTiyoM se siddha hotI hai| karNavedha saMskAra karane kA mukhya adhikArI zvetAmbara paramparA meM garbhAdhAna se lekara vivAha paryanta sabhI saMskAroM ko sampanna karavAne kA adhikAra jaina brAhmaNa ko diyA gayA hai| digambara paramparAnusAra isa saMskAra ko kauna karavA sakatA hai? isakA ullekha spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu saMketoM ke AdhAra para dvija ko isakA adhikArI mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaidika mata meM yaha viSaya vivAdAspada hai| kAtyAyanasUtra ke anusAra yaha saMskAra pitA dvArA kiyA jAnA cAhie kintu kAnoM kA chedana kisase karavAnA cAhie, isa sambandha meM suzruta ne kahA hai- bhiSak ko bA~yeM hAtha se karNavedha karanA caahie| madhyakAlIna lekhakoM ne yaha adhikAra vyAvasAyika-saucika (suI banAne vAle yA usase kAma karane vAle) ko diyA hai kintu vartamAna meM svarNakAra hI karNachedana kI kriyA karate haiN|' __ vartamAna kI pracalita paramparAoM meM karNavedha ke lie adhikAMzataH svarNakAra ko hI bulAyA jAtA hai|

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karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tAttvika svarUpa ...153 karNavedha saMskAra ke lie muhUrtta kA vicAra zvetAmbara paramparA karNavedha saMskAra ke lie zubha dina ko vizeSa mahattva detI hai| yaha saMskAra niyatakAlika avadhi ke pUrNa hone para bhI zubha muhUrta Adi ke yoga meM kiyA jAnA cAhie - aisA zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA spaSTa nirdeza hai| AcAradinakara meM isa saMskAra ke lie nimna nakSatra Adi zubha mAne gae haiN| nakSatroM meM- uttarAtraya, hasta, rohiNI, revatI, zravaNa, punarvasu, mRgazirA aura puSya-ye uttama mAne gae haiN| inameM bhI revatI, zravaNa, hasta, azvinI, citrA, puSya, dhaniSThA, punarvasu evaM anurAdhA - ye nakSatra candra sahita hoM to hI karNavedha ke lie zubha hote haiN| isa krama meM yaha bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki usa dina zizu kI lagna kuMDalI kA tIsarA yA gyArahavA~ sthAna zubha grahoM se yukta honA cAhie / rAzi lagna meM krUra graha nahIM hone cAhie tathA bRhaspati yA lagnAdhipa lagna meM honA caahie| vAroM meM- maMgala, zukra, soma evaM guru| isI ke sAtha zubha tithi meM aura zubha yoga meM karNavedha saMskAra karanA caahie| isa saMskAra kA mahattva batAte hue yaha bhI varNita kiyA hai ki garbhAdhAna, jAtakarma aura mRtyu - ina saMskAroM kI avadhi anizcita hone ke kAraNa ina para AdhArita saMskAroM meM varSa aura mAsa kI zuddhi dekhanA jarUrI nahIM hai, jabaki karNavedha ke lie vivAha saMskAra kI taraha varSa, mAsa, nakSatra aura dina kI zuddhi avazya dekhanI cAhie / digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA pRthak astitva na hone ke kAraNa isa kArya hetu zubhadina kA sUcana bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai, kintu caulakarma saMskAra ke lie jo dina zubha mAne gae haiM vahI dina karNavedha ke lie bhI zubha jAnane caahie| vaidika paramparA meM zubha dina Adi kI koI carcA nahIM hai| karNavedha saMskAra hetu samucita kAla nirNaya AcAradinakara ke anusAra yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke janma se tIsare, pA~caveM yA sAtaveM varSa meM kiyA jAnA caahie| 10 digambara paramparA ke matAnusAra yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke pA~ca varSa pUrNa hone para kiyA jAnA caahie| kAraNavazAt dotIna varSa kI avadhi pUrNa hone para bhI yaha kriyA kI jA sakatI hai| 11 vaidika granthoM meM isa viSaya ko lekara vibhinna mata haiN| baudhAyanagRhyasUtra meM karNavedha sAtaveM

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154...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yA AThaveM mAsa meM karane ko kahA gayA hai|12 bRhaspati ke anusAra yaha janma ke dasaveM, bArahaveM yA solahaveM dina yA sAtaveM yA dasaveM mAsa meM karanA caahie|13 garga ne chaThavAM, sAtavA~, AThavA~ yA bArahavA~ mAsa isa saMskAra ke lie upayukta mAnA hai| zrIpati ke anusAra zizu ke dA~ta nikalane ke pUrva aura jaba taka zizu mAtA kI goda meM khelatA ho, karNavedha-saMskAra sampanna karanA caahie|14 kAtyAyanasUtra isa saMskAra kA upayukta samaya tIsarA yA pA~cavAM varSa batAtA hai15. aura yaha abhimata jaina paramparA se bhI mela khAtA hai| zArIrika vikAsa evaM alpa kaSTakArI hone kI dRSTi se antima mata adhika ucita lagatA hai| cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke lie bhI yahI kAla vihita kahA gayA hai tathA Ajakala bahudhA cUr3AkaraNa aura karNavedha sAtha-sAtha kie jAte haiN| karNavedha saMskAra hetu nirdiSTa Avazyaka sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra meM pauSTika vidhAna, ATha mAtRkA pUjana, apane-apane kulAcAra ke anusAra naivedya Adi arpaNa karane rUpa upacAra tathA yati guru aura gRhastha guru ko dene yogya dAna Adi kRtyoM meM upayogI sAmagrI Avazyaka batalAI hai|16 digambara evaM vaidika sAhitya meM isa saMskAra meM upayoga Ane vAlI sAmagrI kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| karNavedha saMskAra vidhi zAstrakAroM ke mata meM zvetAmbara- AcAradinakara meM karNavedha saMskAra kI yaha vidhi kahI gaI hai17 - . zvetAmbara paramparA meM karNavedha saMskAra ke lie tIsarA, pA~cavAM yA sAtavA~ varSa yogya mAnA gayA hai| una varSoM meM se jisa mAsa meM zizu kA sUrya balavAn ho, usa mAha ke zubha dinoM meM gRhastha guru amRta maMtra dvArA jala ko abhimaMtrita kre| usake bAda saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~ maMgalagIta gAtI huI abhimaMtrita jala dvArA zizu evaM usakI mAtA ko snAna kraaeN| yaha snAna kulAcAra ke anusAra tIsare, pA~caveM, nave yA gyArahaveM dina bhI kiyA jAtA hai| * phira gRhastha guru usake ghara para pauSTika karma kI vidhi kre| sAtha hI SaSThI mAtA ko chor3akara pUrvokta ATha mAtAoM kI pUjA kre| * phira apane-apane kula kI paramparAnusAra kisI anya grAma meM, kula devatA ke sthAna para, parvata para, nadI ke kinAre athavA gRhAMgana meM karNavedha saMskAra kre|

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karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tAttvika svarUpa ...155 * isa saMskAra ke avasara para modaka Adi naivedya banAnA evaM maMgalAcAra Adi kRtya apane kulAcAra ke anusAra hI kre| * usake bAda bAlaka ko sukhAsana meM pUrvAbhimukha biThAkara usakA karNachedana kre| usa samaya guru veda maMtra pddh'e| karNachedana maMtra isa prakAra hai___"U~ arha zrutenAMgopAMgauH kAlikairUtkAlikaiH pUrva-gataizcUlikAbhiH parikarmabhiH sUtraH pUrvAnuyogaiH chandobhilakSaNai-nirUktairdharmazAstrairviddhakarNo bhUyAt arha OMA~" . usake bAda bAlaka ko vAhana meM biThAkara athavA nara-nArI apanI goda meM biThAkara upAzraya meM le aaye| * yahA~ pUrvokta vidhi pUrvaka maMDalI pUjA kreN| phira bAlaka ko yati guru ke caraNoM ke Age leTA deM, taba yati guru vidhi pUrvaka vAsadAna kre| . usake bAda bAlaka ko usake ghara le jaae| gRhastha guru usake kAnoM meM AbhUSaNa phnaaeN| yati guru ko AhAra, vastra aura pAtra kA dAna kareM aura gRhastha guru ko vastra, rUpae aura svarNa kA dAna deN| digambara- isa paramparA meM karNavedha saMskAra kI vidhi pRthak se nahIM dI gaI hai| caulasaMskAra kI vidhi ke sAtha hI karNavedha kI kriyA sampanna kara lete haiM, ata: yaha kahanA asaMbhava hai ki isa paramparA meM karNavedha kauna karatA hai? karNavedha kI viziSTa kriyA kyA hai? karNavedha kA mantra kaunasA hai? ityaadi| vaidika- vaidika dharma ke prAcIna granthoM meM karNavedha saMskAra kI nimna vidhi prApta hotI hai-tadanusAra prAcInakAla meM kisI zubha dina madhyAhna ke pUrva yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| usameM zizu ko pUrvAbhimukha biThAkara use kucha miThAIyA~ dI jAtI thii| usake bAda Apa apane kAnoM se bhadra vANI suneM-isa mantra dvArA bAyA~ kAna chedA jAtA thaa| tadanantara sAmAnya kriyAkalApoM ke sAtha brAhmaNa ko bhojana karavAyA jAtA thaa|18 vartamAna meM isa saMskAra ke dina viSNu, ziva, brahmA, sUrya, candra, dikpAla, sarasvatI, bAhmaNa tathA gaumAtA kA pUjana karate haiN| kula guru ko alaMkRta kara unheM eka Asana diyA jAtA hai| zizu ke kAna lAla cUrNa se raMgate haiM, use vaidya ke sAmane lAkara phusalAte haiN| usa samaya vaidya bahuta dhIre se eka hI bAra meM kAna cheda detA hai| phira anta meM brAhmaNoM, jyotiSiyoM aura vaidya ko dakSiNA dI jAtI hai tathA sage-sambandhiyoM kA satkAra kiyA jAtA hai|19

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156... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra vaidika dharma meM karNavedha saMskAra se sambandhita do prakAra kI vidhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAparaka adhyayana jaba hama karNavedha saMskAra vidhi para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- ina tInoM paramparAoM meM mAnya isa saMskAra sambandhI aneka sAmyatAe~ evaM viSamatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| * zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke nAma ko lekara pUrNataH samAnatA hai, kevala krama kI dRSTi se bhinnatA hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA sthAna dasavA~ hai, digambara mata meM isa saMskAra ko pRthak saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA nahIM milI hai, usameM bArahaveM caulakarma - saMskAra ke sAtha karNavedha kA antarbhAva kara liyA gayA hai| vaidika mata meM yaha chaThavAM saMskAra mAnA gayA hai| * digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ko kaunase zubha dina Adi meM karanA cAhie, isakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, lekina zvetAmbara AmnAya ke AcAradinakara meM prastuta viSaya kA sundara vivecana hai / meM * tInoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isa sambandha kucha sAmyatA hai, to kucha bhinntaa| zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika - tInoM paramparAoM meM tIsare yA pA~caveM varSa ko isa saMskAra ke lie yogya mAnA gayA hai| zvetAmbara meM sAtavA~ varSa aura vaidika paramparA meM sAtavA~, AThavA~, dasavA~, bArahavA~, solahavA~ Adi mAsa bhI isa saMskAra ke lie nirdiSTa kie gae haiN| * zvetAmbara aura vaidika paramparAoM meM karNacheda ke avasara para kahe jAne vAle mantra kA spaSTatayA nirdeza hai, kintu mantroccAra evaM mantra-prayoga kI vidhi bhinna-bhinna haiN| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM karNacheda kauna karatA hai - isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, kintu itanA avazya kahA gayA hai ki yaha saMskAra gRhastha guru sampanna karavAtA hai| vaidika mata meM karNacheda ke lie vaidya kA nirdeza huA hai, sAtha hI svarNakAra dvArA karavAe jAne kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isa saMskAra kI samasta kriyAe~ pitA yA brAhmaNa karatA hai

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karNavedha saMskAra vidhi kA tAttvika svarUpa ...157 hama dekhate haiM ki karNavedha saMskAra aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| sAtha hI isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM sabhI paramparAe~ eka dUsare se prabhAvita huIM haiN| upasaMhAra yaha saMskAra pUrNa purUSatva evaM strItva kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| zAstroM meM karNavedha rahita purUSa ko zrAddha kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA gayA hai| karNavedha Ayurveda kA eka vidhAna hai| kaI rogoM ke lie yaha nivAraka kA kAma karatA hai isIlie yaha bAlaka evaM bAlikA - donoM ke lie hai| ina saMskAroM kA sambandha na kevala vaiyaktika jagata se hI hai, apitu sAmAjika, pArivArika aura dhArmika jagat se bhI rahA huA hai| isa saMskAra se sambandhita pratyeka vidhi-vidhAna sArthaka aura supariNAmI haiM jaise - kAna kA chedana karavAnA snAyuoM tathA raktacApa Adi kI bImAriyoM ke ilAja ke lie eka prakAra kI cikitsA paddhati hai| isa kriyA ke mAdhyama se ukta rogoM kA nivAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarA mahattvapUrNa tathya isa saMskAra ke kAla se sambandhita hai| yaha saMskAra tIsare, pA~caveM yA sAtaveM varSa meM athavA anya matAnusAra dasaveM, bArahaveM yA solahaveM mAsa meM hI kyoM kiyA jAtA hai? isakA samAdhAna bahuta sundara hai| hama dekhate haiM, baccA jaba paidA hotA hai to usakI pratyeka kriyA naisargika hotI hai| usakA bhUkha laganA, ronA, haMsanA bhI svAbhAvika hotA hai / vaha zizu pITha ke bala dina-rAta leTA rahatA hai, kabhI karavaTa nahIM letA kyoMki karavaTa ke samaya meM karNa sthala para mukhamaNDala kA bhAra par3A hotA hai| yadi nirdiSTa samaya se pUrva karNacheda kara diyA jAe to mukhamaNDala kA bhAra par3ane se chidra vraNa ( ghAva ) kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai / dUsarI bAta, isa samaya taka kucha zArIrika baliSThatA bhI A jAtI hai| yaha samaya karNavedhana hetu apekSAkRta adhika upayukta rahatA hai, isa kAraNa isa saMskAra kI avadhi janma ke kucha bAda taka mAnI gaI hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to suvidhi pUrvaka karNachedana kara AbhUSaNa pahanAnA karNavedha saMskAra hai| yaha saMskAra zArIrika svasthatA, bauddhika nirmalatA, dhArmika pavitratA aura sAmAjika sabhyatA se anuprANita hai / isameM apanI-apanI kula paramparA kA nirvAha guNa bhI rahA huA hai| astu, yaha saMskAra kula paramparA ke anurUpa kiyA jAtA hai|

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158... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sandarbha-sUcI 1. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 129 2. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. - 1, pR. 261 3. Sor3azasaMskAra, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA, pR. 16-17 4. yajJoM evaM saMskAroM para eka dRSTikoNa, rA. rAjamana, pR. 49 5. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 131 6. vahI, pR. 131 7. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 201 8. AcAradinakara, pR. 17 9. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 12 10. AcAradinakara, pR. 17 11. jainasaMskAravidhi pR. 12 12. baudhAyanadharmasUtra, 1/12 13. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. - 1, pR. 201 14. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 130 15. vahI, pR. 130 16. AcAradinakara, pR. 19 17. AcAradinakara, pR. 17-18 18. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 132 19. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. - 1, pR. 262

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adhyAya - 12 cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa bhAratIya paramparA meM cUr3AkaraNa eka mahattvapUrNa vidhAna hai| bAloM ko yadyapi sauMdarya kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai, paraMtu kucha viziSTa prasaMgoM meM muMDana ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra navajAta zizu ke sira ke bAloM kA muNDana karane se sambandhita hai| isa saMskAra ke dvArA bAlaka ke garbhagata kezoM kA muNDana kiyA jAtA hai| ye keza eka prakAra se pUrvakAlika azucitA ke avazeSa mAne jAte haiM aura inake maNDana kA uddezya svAsthya evaM zarIra kA nayA saMskAra karanA hI hai| isa saMskAra kA prArambhika uddezya svAsthya aura saundarya rahA hogA aisA saMketa milatA hai, kintu kramaza: kezocchedana kI bar3hatI upayogitA evaM usake sapariNAmoM ne ise dhArmika saMskAra ke rUpa meM sthAna prApta karavAyA, aisI vaidika avadhAraNA hai| jaina vAMgamaya meM bhI isa saMskAra kA astitva prAcInatama siddha hotA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra aura rAjapraznIyasUtra meM caulakarma saMskAra ke spaSTa ullekha haiN| usa kAla meM isa saMskAra kA kyA svarUpa thA? isase sambandhita kauna-kauna se vidhi-vidhAna sampanna kie jAte the? yaha carcA to una granthoM meM nahIM milatI hai kintu usa yuga meM caulakarma saMskAra sampanna kiyA jAtA thA, itanA nirdeza spaSTata: hai| isa saMskAra kI dUsarI viziSTatA yaha hai ki sAmAnya nAmAntara ke sAtha zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoM meM ise pRthak saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM gyArahaveM saMskAra kA nAma cUr3AkaraNa hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM varSavarddhana evaM vaidika mata meM upanayana nAma kA gyArahavA~ saMskAra hai| yaha antara krama kI apekSA se hai| cUr3AkaraNa zabda kA artha vizleSaNa caula, cUDAkarma aura cUr3AkaraNa-ye tInoM zabda ekArthavAcI haiN| cUr3A kA artha hai-keshgucchaa| jo bAla-gucchA muNDita sira para rakhA jAtA hai, use zikhA

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160... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI kahate haiN| yahA~ cUr3Akarma yA cUr3AkaraNa vaha kRtya hai, jisameM janma ke uparAnta pahalI bAra sira para eka zikhA ( kezaguccha) rakhI jAtI hai tathA zeSa bAloM ko utArA jAtA hai| cUr3A zabda bAloM ke lie prayukta huA hai| cUr3A se hI caula zabda banA hai| isa prakAra garbhakAla meM utpanna hue bAloM kA eka gucchA rakhakara zeSa kA muNDana kara denA caula saMskAra kahalAtA hai| cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kI vaidhAnika AvazyakatA cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke prayojana, AvazyakatA evaM mahattva Adi ke viSaya meM yadi vividha apekSAoM se ciMtana kiyA jAe to anekazaH pahalU udghATita hote haiN| dharmazAstroM ke anusAra isa saMskAra kA prayojana dIrgha Ayu, saundarya vRddhi evaM kalyANa kI prApti karanA hai| yaha saMskAra sampanna na kiyA jAe to Ayu kA hrAsa hotA hai ata: yaha saMskAra avazyakaraNIya hai / suzruta ke anusAra keza, nakha tathA roma kA apamArjana (chedana) karane se harSa, saubhAgya evaM utsAha kI vRddhi hotI hai aura pApa kA upazamana hotA hai / caraka kA mata hai - keza, zmazru evaM nakhoM ke kATane yA unheM saMvArane se pauSTikatA, zucitA, AyuSya vRddhi aura saundarya kI prApti hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA isa saMskAra kA prayojana mastiSkIya vikAsa aura bAlaka kI surakSA karanA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha saMskAra bAlaka kI vicAradhArA meM mahattvapUrNa parivartana karatA hai| muNDana karma dvArA vicAra saMsthAna ko vizeSa rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA jAtA hai| cUMki keza mastiSka para par3ane vAle bAhya prabhAvoM ko rokate haiM isalie unheM haTAkara sira ke roma kUpoM dvArA viziSTa bAteM mastiSka ke antarAla taka pahu~cAI jA ske| muNDana ke mAdhyama se bAlaka ko vizeSa preraNAe~ dI jAtI haiN| muNDana kriyA kucha vizeSa avasaroM para hI kI jAtI hai| cUr3Akarma kA eka uddezya anAdikAla se cale A rahe janma- janmAntaroM ke pAzavika evaM saMkIrNa vicAroM aura kusaMskAroM ko dUra kara mAnavIya AdarzoM ko sthApita karanA hai| muNDana karma ke dvArA bhAvAtmaka rUpa se kuvicAroM kA bhI muNDana kiyA jAtA hai| usa samaya bAlaka ke lie samyak bhAvanAe~ saMpreSita kI jAtI haiM kyoMki vaha bAlaka taba taka svayaM utanA sakSama nahIM hotA hai| yahA~ prasaMgAnusAra yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki maraNottara saMskAra meM uttarAdhikArI tathA kuTumbIjana isalie muNDana karate haiM ki priya vyakti ke dehAnta

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ...161 hone se jo AghAta lagA hai, jo zoka aura moha utpanna huA hai, use haTAyA jaae| saMnyAsI isalie sira muMDAte haiM ki jIvana krama meM aba taka calI A rahI dUSita yA vaiyaktika vicAradhArA ko badala sakeM aura vizva baMdhutva kI bhAvanA ko vikasita kara skeN| baMgAla Adi prAntoM meM vidhavAe~ isI prayojana ko lekara sira muMDAtI haiM ki ve gRhastha jIvana se dUra haTakara apanI jIvana yAtrA ko AtmakalyANa yA vizvakalyANa hetu samarpita kara skeN| sArabhUta tathya yaha hai ki jIvana krama ke pracalita Dharre ko badalane hetu muNDana eka vaijJAnika upAya hai| yaha muNDana prakriyA mantroccAra pUrvaka hotI hai jisase bhAvanAtmaka parivartana hotA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke pIche eka viziSTa prayojana yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki kisI tattva kA vAstavika svarUpa nirdhAraNa karane meM bAhya ghaTakoM kI apekSA usake anta:ghaTaka hI adhika prAmANika hote haiM, parantu tvarita bodha hetu bAhya ghaTakoM kA Azraya lenA hotA hai| jaise kisI kI vezabhUSA yA mukhAkRti ko dekhakara sAmAnyatayA patA cala jAtA hai ki vaha kauna hai? koI pagar3I bAMdhate haiM, to koI TopI lagAte haiM yA koI sAphA pahanate haiM, isa taraha hindU, muslima, sikkha kI pahacAna dUra se hI ho jAtI hai, magara bhAratIya saMskRti kI pahacAna mastaka kI zikhA, dhotI yA sAr3I, lalATa ke tilaka Adi se kI jAtI hai, kyoMki asala pahacAna vahI hai, jo icchita lakSya meM lAgU ho aura alakSya meM usakA abhAva ho ata: cUr3Akarma dvArA bhAratIya nAgarika kI eka viziSTa pahacAna milatI hai| coTI rakhane se vyakti ke mana meM yaha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki vaha hindU hai| musalamAnoM meM sunnata kA rivAja isalie hai ki vaha sadA yaha samajhatA rahe ki vaha muslima dharma meM dIkSita huA hai| isa prakAra zikhA rakhane kA bhI apane Apa meM viziSTa mahattva hai| yahA~ yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki zikhA mastaka ke amuka bhAga para hI kyoM rakhate haiM? vaha kisI anya bhAga para kyoM nahIM rakhI jA sakatI hai? isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki mastiSka meM jJAna jAgaraNa kA atyanta saMvedanazIla sthala ThIka zikhA ke nIce kA bhAga hI hai isalie amuka bhAga hI zikhA ke lie niyukta rahatA hai| mastiSka ke isa UparI bhAga para jahA~ bAloM kA bhaMvara hotA hai, vahA~ sampUrNa nAr3iyoM evaM saMdhiyoM kA mela haA hai| use 'adhipati' nAmaka marmasthAna kahA gayA hai| isa marmasthAna kI surakSA ke lie hI usa sthAna para coTI rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai|

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162...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yahA~ yaha tathya bhI dhyAtavya hai ki navajAta zizu ke keza usakI garbhAvasthA meM hI panape hote haiN| AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika dRSTi se vaha keza rAzi azuddha hone se nitAnta tyAjya hotI hai, isa kAraNa bhI cUDAkarma saMskAra kI AvazyakatA siddha ho jAtI hai| zarIra vijJAna ke anusAra yaha samaya dA~toM ke nikalane kA hai| isake kAraNa bAlaka ke zarIra meM kaI prakAra kI vyAdhi kA honA svAbhAvika hai| vyAdhi se usakA zarIra nirbala ho jAtA haiM, bAla jhar3ane lagate haiM, aise samaya meM isa saMskAra kA vidhAna asvasthakAraka kAraNoM se bacAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA dUsarA nAma muNDana saMskAra bhI hai| yaha saMskAra tvacA sambandhI rogoM ke lie atyanta lAbhakArI hotA hai| zikhA ko chor3akara sira ke zeSa bAloM ko mUMDa dene se zarIra kA tApakrama sAmAnya ho jAtA hai aura usa samaya hone vAlI phusI, dasta Adi vyAdhiyA~ svata: nyUna ho jAtI haiN| eka bAra mUMDane ke bAda phira bAla jhar3ate nahIM, ve baddhamUla ho jAte haiN| ukta dRSTiyoM se bhI cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra atyanta upayogI evaM paramAvazyaka siddha hotA hai| zikhA yA coTI kA anubhUtiparaka mahattva mAnava zarIra kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA kendra mastiSka hai| yaha zarIra kA niyantraNa kakSa hai ata: mastiSka kA vikasita, pariSkRta aura vyavasthita honA Avazyaka hai| yaha tabhI sambhava hai, jaba vaha pUrNa surakSita aura jJAna srotoM se saMyukta ho| jisa taraha Adhunika yuga meM zAsana mahattvapUrNa vibhAgoM ke lie abhedya surakSA kavaca kI vyavasthA karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra prakRti ne bhI mAnava zarIra ke komala aMgoM ko aneka prakAra ke prAkRtika surakSA kavaca pradAna kara unheM na kevala surakSita kiyA hai, apitu sabala bhI banAyA hai| zikhA mastiSka ke sarvAdhika saMvedanazIla marmasthAna kI rakSA karatI hai| yaha jJAnazakti ko jAgRta rakhatI hai| ise (coTI) brahmarandhra kI rakSikA mAnA jAtA hai| zikhA dvArA mAnava mastiSka atula zakti ke pravAha ko dhAraNa karatA hai| zarIravijJAna ke anusAra jisa sthAna para zikhA rakhI jAtI hai, use pinala joiMTa kahA jAtA hai| isake nIce eka vizeSa prakAra kI granthi hotI hai, jo 'picyUTarI' kahalAtI hai| isa granthi nisRta rasa snAyuoM dvArA sampUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hokara

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ...163 zarIra ko bar3hAtA evaM balazAlI banAtA hai| zikhA dvArA isa granthi ko apanA kArya karane meM bar3I sahAyatA prApta hotI hai, isase yaha cirakAla taka kAryazIla rahatI hai aura vaha manuSya ko dIrghakAla taka svasthatA pradAna karatI hai| yogazAstriyoM ke matAnusAra mAnava zarIragata mukhya suSumnA nAr3I svAdhiSThAna se Arambha hokara mastiSka meM jAkara samApta hotI hai| isake utkRSTa randhra-bhAga zikhA sthala ke ThIka nIce khulate haiN| yahI sthAna brahmarandhra hai, yaha buddhi tattva kA kendra bhI hai| coTI yA zikhA dvArA isI suSumnA kI rakSA hotI hai| zikhA ke adhobhAga meM eka marmasthAna hotA hai, jahA~ coTa lagane se tatkAla mRtyu ho jAtI hai| zikhA isa atyanta komala tathA sadyomAraka marmasthAna ke lie prakRti pradatta kavaca hai, jo Akasmika AghAtoM evaM ugra zIta-AtapAdi se isa marmasthAna ko bacAtI hai| sUrya ko jIvana zakti kA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai| brahmarandhra zAntipriya hai, to mastuligaM uSNa prakRti kA hai| zirovedanA meM tAlu ke bAla kATane se vedanA zAnta ho jAtI hai, para mastuliMga ke lie uSNatA pAne hetu usake Upara gokhara ke AkAra kA kezaguccha rakhA jAtA hai, tAki vaha sUrya se Avazyaka tApa grahaNa karatA rhe| bAloM ke gucchoM ko zikhA ke rUpa meM rakhe jAne kA yahI rahasya hai, yahI usakI vizeSatA hai| vaijJAnika vicAra se kAlI vastu sUrya kI kiraNoM se adhika tApa tathA zakti ko grahaNa kiyA karatI hai, isase mAnava kI Ayu, bala aura teja kI vRddhi hotI hai| paramArthata: cUr3AkaraNa yA zikhA dhAraNa eka aisI prakriyA hai, jo surakSA kavaca ke rUpa meM guptadvAra, dazamadvAra, indrayoni, adhipa, mastuliMga Adi nAmoM se pukAre jAne vAle marma sthala aura brahmarandhra kI rakSA kA kArya karatI hai| sAtha hI yaha zikhA Ayu, bala, teja tathA vRddhi ke unnayana ke lie Avazyaka adRzya zaktiyoM ko sahasradala karNikA meM roke rakhane meM rodhaka kA kArya bhI karatI hai| isa prakAra dhArmika, vaijJAnika, sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika dRSTi se vicAra karane para zikhA kA mAnava jIvana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai|

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164...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke pAramparika adhikArI __zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA adhikArI jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke adhikArI kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai, kintu prAya: sabhI saMskAra dvija yA pitA dvArA sampanna karavAe jAte haiM ata: isa saMskAra kA adhikArI dvija honA cAhie kyoMki mantroccAra kA adhikAra use hI prApta hotA hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA mukhya kartA pitA ko mAnA gayA hai, kintu keza kATane kA kArya nApita karatA hai| yaha bAta tInoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hai| cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra hetu zubha dina kA vicAra ___ AcAradinakara ke anusAra hasta, citrA, svAti, mRgazirA, jyeSThA, revatI, punarvasu, zravaNa aura dhaniSThA-ina nakSatroM meM, ekama, dUja, tIja, paMcamI, saptamI, dazamI, gyArasa yA terasa-ina tithiyo meM zukra, soma yA budha-ina vAroM meM, zizu kA candrabala aura tArAbala dekhakara caulakarma karanA caahie| parva ke dinoM meM, yAtrA meM, snAna ke bAda aura bhojana ke bAda, vibhUSA ke bAda, tInoM saMdhyAoM meM, rAtri meM, saMgrAma meM, kSaya tithi meM aura anya maMgalakArI kRtyoM meM yaha kSaurakarma saMskAra nahIM karanA caahie| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kSaurakarma ke dina bAlaka kI kuMDalI ke kendra meM kaunase graha hone cAhie aura kauna se graha nahIM hone cAhie tathA una grahoM ke kyA duSpariNAma ho sakate haiM? isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke lie zubha muhUrta Adi kA vistRta vivecana prApta hotA haiN|10 __ digambara paramparA meM bhI pUrvokta nakSatra, tithiyA~ evaM vAra isa saMskAra ke lie yogya batAe gae haiN|11 vaidika paramparA meM bhI isa saMskAra ke lie zubha muhUrta nikAlane jAne kA ullekha hai|12 isI ke sAtha hI yaha saMskAra sUrya ke uttarAyaNa hone para kiyA jAnA cAhie, yaha dina ke samaya hI kiyA jAnA cAhie ityAdi nirdeza bhI prApta hote haiN| kinhIM mata meM caitra aura pauSa, kinhIM mata meM jyeSTha aura mArgazIrSa, isa saMskAra ke lie tyAjya mAne gae haiN|13| isa prakAra ukta tInoM paramparAe~ isa saMskAra ke lie zubha dina Adi kA honA Avazyaka mAnatI haiN|

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa... 165 cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kA samaya zvetAmbara paramparAgata granthoM meM yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie ? isakA kahIM koI nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| zrAddhasaMskAra kumudendu meM janma se savA varSa ke bhItara yaha saMskAra karane kA nirdeza hai| vartamAna paramparA para samIkSA karate hue yaha bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki jo loga tIna-tIna varSa yA ATha-ATha varSa taka bAla rakhate haiM, vaha anucita hai| 14 digambara mAnyatAnusAra yaha karma janma se pA~ca varSa pUrNa hone para karanA cAhie / paristhitivaza do yA tIna varSa ke anta meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| 15 vaidika abhimatAnusAra yaha saMskAra prathama varSa ke anta meM yA tRtIya varSa kI samApti ke pUrva sampanna kiyA jAnA cAhie | 16 isa sambandha meM anya mata bhI pracalita haiM / yAjJavalkya ne kula paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra karane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| zAMkhAyana ne tIsarA yA pA~cavAM varSa uttama mAnA hai| 17 kucha AcAryoM ke mata se yaha upanayana saMskAra ke sAtha kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA jisakA kAla sAta varSa kI avadhi se bhI adhika ho sakatA hai| 18 isa prakAra isa saMskAra ke lie eka varSa se lekara pA~ca varSa taka kI avadhi nizcita kI gaI hai tathA kisI kAraNavaza adhika avadhi meM bhI yaha saMskAra kie jAne kA nirdeza hai| vartamAna meM sAmAnyataH upanayana saMskAra ke kucha samaya pUrva yaha saMskAra sampanna karate haiN| vyavahArika apekSAoM se yaha praNAlI aucityapUrNa nahIM hai| zAstrAnusAra prathama varSa meM caula saMskAra karane se dIrghAyu evaM brahma teja kI prApti hotI hai, tRtIya varSa meM yaha saMskAra karane se samasta kAmanAoM kI pUrti hotI hai, paMcama varSa meM karane para vyakti pazukAmI banatA hai, SaSThama yA saptama varSa meM yaha saMskAra sAdhAraNa 19 mAnA gayA hai tathA dasaveM yA gyArahaveM varSa meM yaha nikRSTatama mAnA gayA hai ata: yaha saMskAra prathama, tRtIya yA paMcama varSa ke anta meM kara denA cAhie, yahI bAlaka ke lie zreyaskArI hai / cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke lie upayogI sAmagrI cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kI sUcI isa prakAra dI gaI hai-20 pauSTika vidhAna ke upakaraNa, mAtRkA pUjana kI sAmagrI, muNDana ke lie yogya sAdhana jaise - kaiMcI, jalapAtra, bar3A pAtra ( pAnI rakhane kI bAlTI), zarIra

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166...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pauchane kA vastrakhaNDa, nae vastra kI jor3I, AbhUSaNa, jinasnAtra pUjA kI sAmagrI, kulocita naivedyAdi pakavAna, candana kA lepa aadi| vaidika paramparAnusAra isa saMskAra ke lie nimnalikhita sAmagriyoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai- (1) agni ke uttara dizA kI ora rakhane yogya cAvala, jau, ur3ada evaM tila ke cAra pAtra (2) agni ke pazcima dizA kI tarapha rakhane hetu do baratana, jinameM se eka meM baila kA gobara tathA dUsare meM zamI kI pattiyA~ bharI rahatI haiM (3) kuza ke ikkIsa gacchoM ko pakar3e rahane vAlA purohita (4) garma yA zItala jala (5) churA yA udumbara lakar3I kA banA churA (6) eka darpaNa aura (7) nAI- ye cIjeM anivArya mAnI gaIM haiN|21 digambara paramparA meM isa taraha kI sAmagrI kA koI varNana nahIM hai| cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi zAstroM ke Aloka meM zvetAmbara- AcAradinakara meM AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra pravedita kI hai * jisa mAsa meM bAlaka kA sUrya balavAn ho, usa mahine meM aura jisa dina candra balavAn ho, una zubha tithiyoM, vAroM evaM nakSatroM ke hone para yaha saMskAra kreN| . usameM sarvaprathama apanI kula vidhi ke anusAra kula devatA kI pratimA ke Age yA anya gA~va, vana, parvata yA gRha para zAstrokta-vidhi anusAra pauSTika vidhAna kreN| . usake bAda SaSThI mAtA ko chor3akara zeSa ATha mAtAoM kI pUrvavata pUjA kreN| phira kula paramparA ke anurUpa kula devatA ke lie pakavAna Adi nirmita krvaaeN| * tatpazcAta zArIrika zuddhi se yuta gRhastha guru bAlaka ko Asana (caukI) para bitthaaeN| . phira vidhi pUrvaka bRhatsnAtra ke nhavaNa jala ko zAntidevI ke mantra se mantrita kre| * usake bAda kula paramparAgata nAI ke hAtha se bAlaka kA muMDana krvaae| yadi bAlaka brAhmaNa, kSatriya yA vaizya ho, to usake mastaka ke madhyabhAga meM zikhA kA sthApana kare aura zUdra bAlaka ho, to usakA pUrNa muMDana kre| * zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra cUr3AkaraNa ke samaya nimna maMtra kA sAta bAra smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai____ "OM aha~ dhruvamAyudhuvamArogyaM, dhruvA:zrIyo, dhruvaM kulaM, dhruvaM yakSo, dhruvaM tejo, dhruvaM karma, dhruvA ca guNa saMtatirastu aha~ uuN|"

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ...167 * jaba muMDana kriyA pUrNa ho jAe tadanantara tIrtha jala dvArA bAlaka ko abhisiMcita kre| usa samaya gIta-vAdya Adi kA vAdana hote rahane caahie| . usake bAda paMcaparameSThI kA smaraNa karate hue bAlaka ko Asana se uThAeM aura snAna krvaaeN| phira usake aMga para candana Adi kA lepa kareM, zveta vastra phnaaeN| AbhUSaNoM se bhUSita kreN| . tadanantara bAlaka ko upAzraya meM le jaaeN| vahA~ pUrvokta vidhi se maMDalIpUjA kareM, guru ko vandana kareM tathA bAlaka ke sira para vAsacUrNa pradAna krvaaeN| * usake bAda sAdhuoM ko zuddha vastra, AhAra Adi kA dAna kreN| gRhastha guru ko vastra-svarNa Adi pradAna kareM aura nAI ko vastra evaM kaMkaNa upahAra meM deN| digambara- digambara paramparAvartI AdipurANa meM caulakarma saMskAra kI nimna vidhi kahI gaI hai kisI zubha dina meM sarvaprathama zizu ke bAloM ko gandhodaka se gIlA kreN| phira una para pUjA ke bace hue zeSa akSata rkheN| usake bAda coTI sahita yA apanI kula-paddhati ke anusAra usakA muNDana kreN| tadanantara bAlaka ko snAna karavAeM, candana Adi kA lepa lagAeM, uttama AbhUSaNa pahanAeM, phira nagarastha muni bhagavanta ke darzana hetu lekara jaaeN| usake bAda sabhI sambandhIjana bAlaka ko AzIrvAda pradAna kreN|22 isake sAtha hI keza nikala jAne ke bAda coTI ke sthAna para kezara dvArA svastika bnaaeN|23 isa paramparA meM muMDana karate samaya, AzIrvAda ke rUpa meM maMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue dvija vidhi pUrvaka coTI rakhatA hai| vaha mantra pATha isa prakAra hai24__"upanayanamuNDabhAgIbhava, nirgranthamuNDabhAgIbhava, niSkrAntimuNDa- bhAgIbhava, paramanistArakakezabhAgIbhava, paramendrakezabhAgI-bhava, parama- rAjya-kezabhAgIbhava, aarhntyraajykeshbhaagiibhv|" varSavarddhana saMskAra- digambara paramparA meM gyArahavA~ saMskAra varSavarddhana nAma kA mAnA gayA hai| bAlaka kA eka varSa pUrNa hone para Ayu vRddhi ke uddezya se yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM dAna denA, arhatpratimA kI pUjA karanA, iSTa bandhuoM ko Amantrita karanA aura sarva AgantukoM ko bhojana karAnA Adi kRtya pUrvavat sampanna kie jAte haiN| vaidika- vaidika granthoM meM caulakarma saMskAra kI agralikhita vidhi ullikhita hai

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168... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana isa saMskAra ke prArambha meM sarvaprathama gaNeza kI pUjA, maMgala zrAddha Adi kRtya sampanna kie jAte haiM / usa dina brAhmaNa ko bhojana karavAte haiN| mAtA zizu ko snAna karavAtI hai tathA pUrva meM nahIM dhoe gae vastra dvArA usake zarIra ko Dhakakara apanI goda meM lekara yajJIya agni ke pazcima kI ora baiTha jAtI hai| usa samaya pitA putra ko pakar3ate hue Ajya - AhutiyA~ detA hai| phira dahI yA ghRta kA kucha bhAga pAnI ke sAtha milAkara zizu ke dAhine karNa kI ora ke kezoM ko nimna zabda bolate hue gIlA karatA hai - 'savitA kI preraNA se divya jala terI deha ko zuddha kare, jisase tU dIrghAyuSya aura teja prApta kara ske| phira kezoM ko vikIrNa kara kuza kI tIna pattiyoM ko rakhatA hai aura usa samaya yaha kahatA hai 'he kuza! zizu kI rakSA kara ! use pIr3A na pahu~cA / ' tadanaMtara 'tU nAma se ziva hai, svadhiti terA pitA hai, tujhe maiM namaskAra karatA hU~, tU isa zizu kI hiMsA na kara' - isa mantra ke uccAraNa ke sAtha lohe kA ustarA uThAtA hai aura 'maiM AyuSya, anAdya, prajanana, aizvarya, suprajAtva tathA suvIrya ke lie kezoM ko kATatA hU~' - isa mantra ke sAtha kezoM kA chedana karatA hai| usake bAda kezoM ke sAtha hI kuza kI pattiyoM kA bhI chedana kara unheM baila ke gobara ke piNDa para chor3a detA hai| sira ke pIche ke kezoM ko pitA 'tigunI Ayu' Adi mantra ke sAtha kATatA hai| usake bAda- 'tU balavAn ho, svarga ko prApta kara sake, dIrghakAla taka sUrya ko dekha sake, AyuSya, sattA, dIpti evaM kalyANa ke lie maiM terA muNDana karatA hU~' - isa mantra ke uccAraNa ke sAtha bAIM ora se kezoM kA chedana karatA hai| yadi sira muNDana kA kArya nApita karatA hai, taba bhI pitA dvArA mantra kA uccAraNa aura bAIM se dAhinI ora taka tIna bAra keza kATane kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| usake bAda niSkAsita kezoM ke sAtha gomaya piNDa ko gozAlA meM gAr3ha diyA jAtA hai yA kisI choTe tAlAba meM pheMka diyA jAtA hai / antataH AcArya (brAhmaNa) aura nAI ko dAna dakSiNA dI jAtI hai| 25 cUr3AkaraNa sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sAMskRtika prayojana cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra sambandhI kriyAkalApoM ke kuchaika prayojana nimnokta haiMmastaka lepana - zvetAmbara paramparA meM mastaka muMDana hone ke bAda bAlaka

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ...169 ke sira para candana Adi kA lepa karate haiM tathA vaidika dharma meM zizu ke bAloM kA muMDana karane se pUrva gorasa, dUdha, dahI yA ghRta meM jala milAkara bhigote haiN| isa kriyA ko 'mastaka lepana' kahate haiN| zrIrAma zarmA AcArya ke matAnusAra isa kriyA vidhi ke daurAna bAlaka ke lie candana kI bhA~ti zItala aura gAya mAtA kI bhA~ti paropakArI evaM kalyANakArI banane kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| gorasa meM ve sabhI guNa rahate haiM, jo gau mAtA meM vidyamAna hai| ina dravyoM se mastaka kA lepana karanA, bAloM kA bhigonA isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki hamArI vicAraNA evaM mAnasika pravRtti evaM gorasa jaisI snigdha saumya honI caahie| gorasa dvArA zirastha romakUpoM kA bhigoyA jAnA, isa bAta kA sUcana karatA hai ki hama jo kucha socevicAreM, usake pIche prema bhAvanA kA samucita puTa honA caahie| cUDAkarma saMskAra meM mastaka lepana kriyA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki isa bAlaka kA mAnasika vikAsa rUkhA, saMkIrNa va anaitika dizA meM na ho| jaisegau apane bachar3e ko pyAra karatI hai, bar3A hone para vaha bAlaka bhI usI prakAra apane samasta parivAra se sneha kareM tathA sampUrNa samAja ke prati 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI bhAvanA rkhe| mastaka lepana kA eka prayojana yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM sahRdayatA, bhAvukatA, karUNA, maitrI kI ArdratA yAvatajIvana banI rheN|26 zikhAdhAraNa- vaidika paramparA meM bAloM ke gIle ho jAne para sampUrNa bAloM ko dAeM-bAeM tathA madhya aise tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiN| unheM kuzAoM tathA kalAve se jUr3e kI taraha bA~dha dete haiN| isa taraha sira para tIna zikhAe~ banatI haiN| usa samaya tIna mantra bole jAte haiN| ye tInoM zikhAe~ mantra ke anusAra brahmA, viSNu evaM rUdra kI pratIka haiN| ina tInoM devatAoM kA mastiSka meM AhvAna evaM sthApana karane kA prayojana yaha hai ki mastiSka meM devatva ke bhAva bhare raheM, asura pravRtti ke lie kisI prakAra kI guMjAIza na rhe| hamArA jIvana isa prakAra vikasita ho ki ina tInoM tattvoM ke samucita sadupayoga kI sambhAvanAe~ bar3hatI rheN| ina tIna zikhAoM ke anya bhI kaIM prayojana anubhUta kie jo sakate haiN| jisa taraha tIna dhAge vAlA yajJopavIta pahanAte haiM aura tIna lar3oM ke mAdhyama se mahattvapUrNa zikSA baTuka ko dete haiM, usI prakAra ina tIna zikhAoM meM bhI tIna zikSAoM kA samAveza hai| mAtA, pitA, guru-ina tInoM ke anuzAsana meM rahanA,

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170... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana tInoM ke prati kRtajJa bhAva banAe rakhanA aura unheM prasanna evaM santuSTa rakhanAtIna zikhAoM kA sandeza hai| zaizava, yauvana aura vRddhAvasthA - ina tIna avasthAoM kA samucita sadupayoga karanA, bhUta, bhaviSya, vartamAna tIna kAloM ke sambandha meM samucita satarkatA rakhanA tIna zikhAoM kA sandeza hai| 27 kezagAr3hanA - zrIrAmazarmA AcArya ke mantavyAnusAra bAloM ko gobara meM rakhakara jamIna meM isalie gAr3hA jAtA hai ki unakI bhI gobara kI taraha khAda bana jaae| 28 pazuoM ke zarIra kA hara avayava mala-mUtra - dUdha Adi dUsaroM ke kAma AtA haiN| vRkSa-vanaspatiyA~ bhI apane patra, puSpa, phala evaM lakar3I, saba kucha paramArtha ke lie samarpita karatI haiM, isI taraha manuSya bhI apanI upalabdhiyoM kA adhikAdhika upayoga paramArtha ke lie kre| bAla gAr3hane ke pIche yahI uddezyapUrNa zikSA samAhita hai| isa kriyA kA eka prayojana duSTa zaktiyoM kA nivAraNa karanA hai kyoMki keza zarIra kA aMgIya vibhAga hai aura pariNAma svarUpa zatruoM dvArA usa para jAdU tathA abhicAra kA prayoga sambhava ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra tantrIyaprabhAva ko dUra karane ke lie yaha prakriyA kI jAtI hai| svastika Alekhana- digambara evaM vaidika paramparA meM muNDita mastaka para svastika yA 'OM' likhate haiN| 'OM' Izvara kA hI nAma hai| yaha anAhata nAda zabda hai| isa zabda zakti se vizva kI sArI gatividhiyA~ saMcAlita hotI haiN| vastutaH isa sarva zakti ke pratIka nAma ko mastaka para likhakara yaha prayatna kiyA jAtA hai ki bAlaka Izvara bhakta bane / svastika ( 47 ) 'OM' kI hI prAcInatama lipi hai| jaba akSara-vijJAna pariSkRta nahIM huA thA, taba 'U~' ko svastika ke rUpa meM likhA jAtA thA ataH 'svastika' aura 'OM' - donoM kA tAtparya eka sA hI hai| yaha svastika Alekhana candana, kezara evaM kapUra ke sammizraNa se kiyA jAtA hai jisakA tAtparya vicAradhArA ko zItala, susaMgaThita evaM paripuSTa banAnA hai| candana ko zItalatA, kapUra ko susaMgaThita evaM kezara ko puSTi kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra se sambandhita prAyaH vidhividhAna saprayojana evaM auddezika hai|

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ... 171 cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana vidhi saMdarbhoM meM yadi hama pUrvokta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to isa saMskAra kI maulikatA aura viziSTatA bhI hamAre samakSa ubharakara AtI hai| vaha vivaraNa isa prakAra hai nAma ke anusAra - zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoM meM kramaza: cUr3AkaraNa, caulakarma aura cUr3Akarma- ye nAma die gae haiN| inameM zAbdika dRSTi se sAmAnya antara avazya hai, parantu artha kI apekSA koI bheda nahIM hai| krama ke anusAra - zvetAmbara meM cUr3AkaraNa nAma kA gyArahavA~ saMskAra hai| digambara mata meM isa saMskAra ko bArahavA~ sthAna diyA gayA hai vahIM vaidika paramparA meM isakA ullekha nauveM krama para hai| isa prakAra kramika dRSTi se tInoM paramparAoM meM vaibhinya haiN| adhikArI ke anusAra - zvetAmbara evaM digambara matAnusAra jaina brAhmaNa yA dvija ko isa saMskAra kA karttA niyukta kiyA gayA hai tathA vaidika mata meM isakA adhikArI pitA ko mAnA gayA hai| dina ke anusAra- tInoM paramparAe~ isa saMskAra ke lie zubhadina Adi kA vicAra karatI haiN| vizeSata: zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM meM isakI vistRta carcA kI gaI haiN| samaya ke anusAra- zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke samaya kA nizcita nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu digambara evaM vaidika mata meM sAmAnyatayA isakA kAla eka varSa se lekara pA~ca varSa taka mAnA gayA hai| mantra ke anusAra- tInoM paramparAe~ kezamuNDana ke samaya mantroccAra karane ko anivArya mAnatI haiM, ataeva tatsambandhI granthoM meM mantra pAThoM kA ullekha bhI hai| vaidika granthoM meM dAeM-bAeM evaM pRSThabhAga sambandhI tIna prakAra ke mantra kahe gae haiM, kintu tInoM AmnAyoM meM mantra pATha ko lekara bhinnatA hai| sthAna ke anusAra- zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- ye tInoM paramparAe~ mastaka-muMDana ke lie nizcita sthAna kA cunAva karatI haiN| unameM yaha kRtya kula devatA kA mandira, vana, parvata yA gRha para kiye jAne kA sUcana hai / Aja bhI kezamuMDana kI kriyA kula devI yA kula devatA ke sthAna para kI jAtI hai /

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172...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vidhi ke anusAra- zvetAmbara evaM digambara-donoM paramparAoM meM arhatpratimA kI pUjA karanA, muni bhagavanta ke darzana karavAnA, bAlaka ko vidhi pUrvaka snAna karavAnA, AbhUSaNa pahanAnA Adi kRtya prAyaH samAna hI kahe gae haiM, kintu snAtrajala ko zAnti mantra se abhimantrita karanA, tIrthodaka se bAlaka ko snAna karavAnA, muni, gRhastha guru evaM nAI ko dAna Adi denA Adi kriyAkalApa zvetAmbara AmnAya meM vizeSa kahe gae haiM tathA gandhodaka dvArA zizu ke bAloM ko Ardra karanA, svastika racanA karanA Adi kriyAe~ kahI gaI digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM adhika kahI gaI haiN| vaidika paramparA kI cUDAkarma saMskAra vidhi jaina paramparA se bhinna hai| unameM gaNezapUjA, maMgala zrAddha, yajJa AhUti Adi vidhAnoM ke sAtha bAlaka ke mastaka muMDana kI kriyA para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| kezachedana se sambandhita kaI mantroM ke uccAraNa kie jAne kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| paramparA ke anusAra- jaina evaM vaidika-donoM AmnAe~ isa saMskAra ko kula paramparA ke anurUpa vahana karane kA varNana karatI haiN| isa dRSTi se donoM dhArAoM meM pUrNa samAnatA ke darzana hote haiN| niSkarSata: jaina evaM vaidika donoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra kucha vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdita hai| adhunApi isa saMskAra kA astitva yathAvata rahA huA hai| upasaMhAra sAmAnyatayA zizu ke mastakIya-bAloM kA prathama bAra ucchedana karanA athavA mastaka muMDita karanA caulakarma, cUDAkarma yA cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra hai| cUr3AkaraNa Adi saMskAroM dvArA bAlakoM meM guNAdhAna hotA hai, arthAt mAnavocita viziSTa guNoM kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| ___'cUr3A kriyate asmin' isa vigraha ke anusAra jisameM bAlaka ko cUr3A arthAta zikhA dI jAe, vaha cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra hai| amarakoSa ke anusAra bhI cUr3A kA abhiprAya zikhA se hI hai| yaha saMskAra sAmAnyatayA janma ke pazcAt eka varSa se lekara pA~caveM varSa taka kI avadhi meM sampanna hotA hai, jise prakArAntara meM muNDana-karma bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra meM bAlaka ko zubha Asana para biThAyA jAtA hai tathA vaidika paramparA ke matAnusAra bacce ko mAtA apanI goda meM lekara baiThatI hai| usa sthiti meM nAI

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ...173 dvArA zizu kA pahalI bAra kezakartana hotA hai| isameM kezoM kA kucha aMza eka sunizcita sthAna para chor3a diyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke samaya mAtA-pitA kI upasthiti anivArya mAnI gaI hai| isake pIche kevala unakA nizchala vAtsalya, sneha hI kAraNa nahIM hotA, varan bacce kI caMcalatA sulabha kriyAoM-pratikriyAoM dvArA karttalI(muMDana karane kA upakaraNa) se kSata-vikSata na ho jAe, una sambhAvanAoM ko rokane ke lie una logoM kI upasthiti Avazyaka hotI hai| bacce kI pratyeka harakata vahA~ baiThe hue vyaktiyoM kI samajha meM A jAe, bAla sulabha hara eka ceSTAoM kA adhyayana kiyA jA sake, etadartha vahA~ jala evaM darpaNa rakhA jAtA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jala evaM darpaNa-donoM hI chAyA kI pratichAyA ko apane meM bimbita kara dene kI zakti rakhate haiN| eka bAta yaha par3hane meM AI hai ki jaba taka upanayana saMskAra na ho, taba taka bacce ke bAla kaiMcI se hI kATe jAte haiM, ustare kA prayoga nahIM hotaa| isameM eka bahuta bar3A vaijJAnika kAraNa nihita hai| tIna sAla ke bacce kA mastiSka carma atyanta hI nAjuka hotA hai| churI dvArA camar3I chila jAne kI pUrI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai isalie kaiMcI kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, yajJopavIta saMskAra ko eka avadhi ke rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai| taba taka bAlaka ke mastaka kA vaha bhAga sakhta ho jAtA hai, phira jisa taraha se cAheM, usakI keza sajjA kara sakate haiN| prArambha meM yaha bAta sunakara aTapaTI-sI laga sakatI hai, kintu isameM nihita satyArtha ko dekheM to pAte haiM ki yaha eka vaijJAnika kriyA hai| isI prakAra zikhA rakhanA bhI cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aMga hai, kintu sira ke kisa bhAga meM aura kitane keza chor3a die jAne cAhie? isa viSaya meM matabheda haiN| bodhAyanasUtra ke anusAra sira para tIna yA pA~ca keza guccha chor3e jA sakate haiN| kucha RSiyoM ke anusAra pitA dvArA Ahata pravaroM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra hI keza chor3e jAne caahie| vasiSTha ke vaMzaja sira ke madhyabhAga meM eka zikhA rakhate haiN| kazyapa ke vaMzaja donoM aura do zikhAe~ rakhate haiN| kucha loga kezoM kI eka paMkti rakhate haiN| bhRgu ke vaMzaja muNDita rahate haiN| aMgirasa ke vaMzaja pA~ca zikhAe~ rakhate haiN| Aja sambhavata: sAdagI aura zAlInatA kI dRSTi se eka zikhA rakhane kI prathA vyApaka ho gaI hai23| kucha

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174... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana logoM meM yaha visaMvAda hai ki eka bAra sampUrNa bAloM kA karttana ho jAnA cAhie aura phira nae bAla ke ugane para yaha rakhI jaae| yaha pakSa kucha adhika saTIka aura vaijJAnika pratIta hotA hai| Aja jaina paramparA meM bAlaka ke pUrNa mastaka (kezarAzi) kA muNDana kiyA jAtA hai tathA zikhA rakhane kI koI prathA nahIM hai / samAhArata: yaha saMskAra zArIrika svasthatA, mAnasika nirmalatA, dhArmika unmukhatA evaM kula paramparA ke nirvahana kI dRSTi se atyanta upAdeya hai| bAloM kA zArIrika svAsthya ke sAtha gaharA sambandha rahA huA hai| yaha cUr3Akarma sira kI granthiyoM ke sahI saMcAlana se sambandha rakhatA hai| isakA mUloddezya prakhara medhA kI prApti hai| zarIra meM sira kA sarvocca sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| vaha brahmakendra kahalAtA hai ataH brahma sthAna ko svastha aura susaMskRta banAe rakhanA rASTra ke lie bhI hitakArI hai| coTI ko AryoM kA cihna mAnA gayA hai| prArambhika kAla meM sira ko svaccha rakhane hetu yaha karma kiyA jAtA hogaa| isakA mukhya prayojana garbhakAla ke kezoM kA muMDana rahA hai, kyoMki garbha ke bAla apavitra hote haiN| yaha saMskAra laukika-lokottara donoM dRSTiyoM se mahanIya sthAna rakhatA hai| Aja bhI ise kisI devI-devatA ke sthAna yA pavitra nadiyoM ke taTa para sampanna karane kI paramparA pracalita hai| sandarbha - sUcI 1. praznavyAkaraNa, aMgasuttANi-2/13 2. rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni - 280 3. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 17/12 4. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 120 5. vahI, pR. 120 6. Sor3azasaMskAravivecana, zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, pR. 7-1 7. saMskAra aMka, pR. 304-310 8. AcAradinakara, pR. 18 9. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 126-27 10. AcAradinakara, pR. 18 11. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 12 12. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. - 1, pR. 104

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cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra vidhi kA upayogI svarUpa ...175 13. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 123 14. zrAddhasaMskArakumudendu, pR. 83 15. jainasaMskAravidhi, pra. 12 16. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2/1/1-2 17. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.pra., pR. 204 18. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 122 19. vahI, pR. 122 20. AcAradinakara, pR. 19 21. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.-1, pR. 204 22. AdipurANa, parva-38, pR. 248 23. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 12 24. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 309 25. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 126-27 26. SoDazasaMskAra vivecana, pR. 7-3 27. vahI, pR. 7-4 28. vahI, pR. 7-8

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adhyAya - 13 upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa upanayana saMskAra kA nAma lene ke sAtha hI muMDana, janeu dhAraNa Adi ke citra mAnasa paTala para ubharane lagate haiN| Ama jana dhAraNA hai ki yaha saMskAra sirpha vaidika paramparA se jur3A huA hai tathA prAya: usI paramparA meM isakA pracalana dekhA jAtA hai, kintu yathArthatA yaha hai ki tInoM Arya paramparAoM meM isakA ullekha haiN| yaha saMskAra bAlaka ke vidyAdhyayana se sambandhita hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vidyAdhyayana ke yogya bAlaka ko guru ke sAnnidhya meM bhejA jAtA hai| upanayana saMskAra se tAtparya brahmacarya vrata ke pAlana pUrvaka nizcita avadhi taka yogya guru ke sAnnidhya meM rahakara vidyAdhyayana karanA hai| isa saMskAra kA sAmAnya dhyeya vidyAdhyayana hai| yaha saMskAra sabhI meM sarvottama mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI sabhI dhArAoM ne upanayana saMskAra ko Adara bhAva ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai| isa saMskAra kA vizeSa mahattva upavItasUtra dhAraNa karavAnA rahA hai| ___ hindU dharma ke zikhA aura sUtra-ye do sarvamAnya pratIka haiN| jisa prakAra sunnata ko muslima, keza Adi paMca kakAra dhAraNa karane vAloM ko sikkha, apane-apane vibhAga kI pozAka pahanane vAloM ko pulisa, phaujI yA karmacArI Adi rUpoM meM jAnA jAtA hai| usI prakAra sira para zikhA dhAraNa karane evaM zarIra para janeU (upavIta) dhAraNa karane vAle ko hindU mAnA jAtA hai| ye do pratIka hinduoM kI dharma niSThA ko abhivyakta karate haiN| vastuta: jaina evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM meM isakA mahattva samAna rUpa se rahA hai| upanayana saMskAra kA arthaparaka svarUpa vizleSaNa upanayana kA sAmAnya artha hai-nikaTa le jaanaa| vyAkaraNa ke anusAra upanayana zabda 'upa' upasarga, 'nI' dhAtu 'lyuT' pratyaya ke yoga se niSpanna huA

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...177 hai| mUlata: isameM upa+nayana ye do zabda nihita haiN| isake do artha kie jA sakate haiN| 'nIyate anena iti nayanam' arthAta jisa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko guru ke samIpa le jAyA jAtA hai, vaha upanayana kahalAtA hai| dUsarA, nayana zabda netra ke artha meM rUr3ha hai| isa dRSTi se bhI upanayana zabda kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai-jJAna rUpI netra ko udghATita karanA upanayana hai| yaha jJAnacakSu-carmacakSu ke bilkula karIba rahatA hai, jisakA sthAna zAstroM meM trikuTi batAyA gayA hai| yadi upanayana kA vyutpatti labhya artha kiyA jAe, to jJAna netra ke unmIlana hetu kisI viziSTa vyakti arthAta zikSaka ke samIpa le jAne kI yogyatA arjita karanA upanayana hai| isa taraha donoM hI artha mahattvapUrNa sUcita hote haiN| upanayana kA eka artha hai- pAsa yA sannikaTa le jaanaa| yahA~ zikSaNa ke lie AcArya ke pAsa le jAnA-yaha artha abhipreta hai| upanayana zabda ke do artha isa taraha bhI kie gae haiM-(1) upa-samIpa, nayana-le jAnA arthAta bAlaka ko AcArya yA guru ke sannikaTa le jaanaa| (2) jisake dvArA bAlaka AcArya ke pAsa le jAyA jAtA hai, vaha upanayana saMskAra hai| isase sUcita hotA hai ki pahalA artha Arambhika hai, kintu kAlAntara meM jaba isa saMskAra dvArA jJAnArjana kiyA jAne lagA to yaha dUsarA artha bhI prayukta hone lgaa| upaniSad (1/11) meM upanayana artha ko sUcita karane vAlA 'antevAsI' zabda AyA hai| yaha guru ke pAsa rahane ke artha ko dyotita karatA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa (11/3/3/2) meM upanayana kA artha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo brahmacarya grahaNa karatA hai aura lambe samaya kI yajJAvadhi grahaNa karatA hai, vaha upanIta kahalAtA hai| atharvaveda meM upanayana zabda kA prayoga brahmacArI ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ isakA Azaya AcArya dvArA brahmacArI ko vedAdhyayana kI zikSA dene se hai| gRhyasUtroM ke yuga taka vidyArthI dvArA brahmacarya-vrata pAlana ke lie prArthanA karanA aura AcArya dvArA usakI svIkRti pradAna karanA hI upanayana kA artha thA, kintu paravartIkAla meM upanayana kA mahattva bar3hane lagA, taba isake anya artha bhI vivakSita hue| vartamAna meM upanayana kA nimna artha prasiddha hai- vaha kRtya jisake dvArA bAlaka AcArya ke samIpa le jAyA jaae| eka AcArya ne upanayana ko atyanta vyApaka artha prayukta kiyA hai| vaha kevala zikSA ke artha meM hI sImita

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178... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM hai| vastuta: vaha kRtya jisake dvArA vyakti ko guru, veda, yama, niyama ke vrata aura devatA ke sAmIpya ke lie dIkSita kiyA jAe upanayana kahalAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM upanayana zabda kA abhipretyArtha AdhyAtmika upAsanA paddhati se kiyA gayA hai| upanayana kA pracalita artha hai janeU pahananA, vedAdhyayana kI dIkSA denA / " AcAradinakara ke anusAra jisa saMskAra se prANI varNa ke krama se ArohaNa kare yA abhyudaya ko prApta kare, vaha upanayana saMskAra hai| 7 upavIta, yajJopavIta, upanIta - ye upanayana ke paryAyavAcI evaM samAnArthaka zabda haiN| isa dRSTi se upavIta kA artha janeU bhI kiyA gayA hai| 8 yajJopavIta zabda 'yajJa' aura 'upavIta' - ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai, jisakA artha hai-yajJa se pavitra kiyA gayA sUtra / yajJopavIta ko vrata bandha, upanayana aura janeU bhI kahA gayA hai| hindU paramparA meM sAkAra paramAtmA ko 'yajJa' aura nirAkAra paramAtmA ko 'brahma' kahA gayA hai| ina donoM ko upalabdha karavAne vAlA yaha sUtra yajJopavIta kahalAtA hai| brahmasUtra, savitAsUtra aura yajJasUtra isI ke nAma haiN| isa prakAra 'yajJopavIta' zabda vyApaka artha meM pracalita hai| yadi hama vartamAna pariprekSya meM upanayana kA artha dekheM, to Aja upanayana kA nihitArtha AcArya ke sannikaTa rahanA evaM vidyAdhyayana karanA prAyaH samApta ho cukA hai| Aja yaha saMskAra 'janeU pahanane ke artha meM hI adhika pracalita hai| yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se yaha ullekhya hai ki jaina paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke lie upanayana, upavIta, upanIta- ye tIna zabda vyavahRta hue haiM aura hindU paramparA meM yajJopavIta zabda kA prayoga huA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra nAmoM ko lekara yaha bheda yajJa karma kI apekSA se hai| vaidika paramparA yajJa pradhAna hai, isalie upavIta zabda ko yajJopavIta kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| upanayana saMskAra kI maulika AvazyakatA isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kA mUla prayojana kyA rahA hogA ? isa sambandha meM vicAra karate haiM, to aneka tathya prakaTa hote haiN| isa saMskAra kA mukhya sambandha sAmAjikatA se hai / isakA uddezya yuvaka ko nAgarika karttavyoM ke paripAlana ke yogya banAnA hai| guru ke sAnnidhya meM susaMskAroM ko prApta kiyA huA yuvaka hI janasAdhAraNa ke prati apane uttaradAyitva ko samajha sakatA hai tathA sAmudAyika jIvana ko surakSita rakha

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa...179 sakatA hai ata: isa uddezya kI parti ke lie isa saMskAra dvArA navayuvaka ko anuzAsita kiyA jAtA hai, yogya zikSaNa diyA jAtA hai, mAnava jIvana kA mUlya samajhAyA jAtA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ve rASTra evaM saMskRti kI rakSA kA bhAra vahana karane kI yogyatA prApta kara lete haiN| isa taraha prastuta saMskAra kA udbhava nAgarika AvazyakatAoM kI paripUrti ke lie haA thA, jo Aja ke yuga meM bhI prAsaMgika lagatA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke pIche eka avadhAraNA yaha bhI rahI hogI ki bAlaka kA vikAsa yogya dizA meM ho, usake jIvana kI prArambhika bhUmikA susaMskAroM se pallavita evaM puSpita ho, vaha jIvana-jagata ke sabhI mUlyoM evaM sAra-asAra rUpa tattvoM ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha sake, etadartha bAlaka ke lie sadguru kI sannidhi samupalabdha honA ati Avazyaka ho gayA ata: isa uddezya ko kendra meM rakhate hue bhI upanayana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huI-aisA pratIta hotA hai| __ vastuta: upanayana saMskAra dvArA pazutA bhAva kA vilaya hotA hai aura manuSyatA kA guNa prakaTa hotA hai| pratyeka manuSya ke citta meM rahI huI vAsanAmUlaka svArthavRtti aura saMkIrNa vicAradhArA pazutA kI koTi meM AtI hai, upanayana ke mAdhyama se eka prakAra kA dUsarA janma hotA hai| yahA~ dUsare janma kA tAtparya-svArtha se paramArtha, pazutA se sajjanatA, ahaM se aha~, jIva se ziva, saMsAra se saMyama, bAhya se Abhyantara kI ora pravRtta honA hai| yahI vAstavika jIvana hai, isalie upanayana ko dvijatva dhAraNa karanA bhI kahate haiN| dvija yAnI dUsarA janma lenaa| varNita prasaMga meM isakA abhiprAya malina vRttiyoM ko chor3anA, kusaMskAroM kA tyAga karanA aura satpravRtti kI ora unmukha honA Adi mAnA gayA hai| hindU paramparA meM do prakAra ke janma mAne gae haiN| kahA hai ki pahalA janma mAtA ke udara se aura dUsarA yajJopavIta (janeU) dhAraNa karane se hotA hai arthAta manuSya kA pahalA janma garbha meM rahate hue mAtA aura pitA ke sambandha se hotA hai tathA dUsarA janma vidyA rUpI mAtA aura AcArya rUpa pitA dvArA gurukula meM upanayana aura vidyAbhyAsa dvArA hotA hai| ukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki upanayana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA rASTrIya surakSA, sAmAjika suvyavasthA, susaMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa, vaiyaktika vikAsa Adi aneka dRSTikoNoM ko lekara rahI huI hai|

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180...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana upanayana saMskAra ke prayojana kA itihAsa __ yadi hama vaidika paramparA ke itihAsa kA vivecana karate haiM, to prAcInakAla meM isa saMskAra kA prayojana vedoM kA vivecana karanA thA, karmakANDa gauNa thA. kevala veda kI kisI bhI zAkhA kA vivecana karavAnA hI mukhya thaa|10 yAjJavalkya ke anusAra upanayana kA eka mAtra lakSya vedoM kA vivecana karanA hai|11 Apastamba aura bhAradvAja vidyA kI prApti ko upanayana kA uddezya mAnate haiN| Age calakara zikSA kA yaha prayojana gauNa ho gayA tathA karmakANDa aura yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA pradhAna ho gyaa| isa mata ke prathama pratipAdaka gautama hue| unhoMne kahAar3atAlIsa saMskAroM se susaMskRta vyakti brahmA aura RSiyoM kA sAnnidhya prApta karatA hai|12 manu ke anusAra isa saMskAra dvArA manuSya kA aihika va pAralaukikajIvana pavitra hotA hai|13 aMgirA kA mata hai- vidhi pUrvaka saMskAroM ke anuSThAna se brAhmaNatva prApta hotA hai|14 isa prakAra upanayana ke mukhyatayA tIna prayojana itihAsa ke garbha meM vidyamAna rahe haiM- 1. veda kA vivecana karavAnA 2. AcArya ke sannikaTa le jAnA aura 3. brAhmaNatva kI prApti krnaa| vartamAna sthiti meM isakA uddezya yajJopavIta dhAraNa karake apane-Apako brAhmaNa siddha karanA hai| upanayana saMskAra ke uddezyoM evaM tatsambandhI matabheda zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika-ina tInoM dhArAoM meM upanayana saMskAra ke uddezya bhinna-bhinna rahe haiN| __zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra vyakti ko varNa vizeSa meM praveza dene ke lie tathA tadanurUpa veza evaM mudrA ko dhAraNa karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai-dharmAcAra meM aura cAritra pAlana meM veza prathama kAraNa hotA hai ata: saMyama evaM lokalajjA hetu zrAvaka evaM sAdhuoM ke lie veza Avazyaka hai|15 veza kI pradhAnatA ko svIkArate hue dharmadAsagaNi ne upadezamAlA meM kahA hai16-'veza dharma kI rakSA karatA hai, kyoMki yogya veza pahanA huA akArya karate samaya zaMkA karatA hai ki maiM dIkSita hU~, mujhe akRtya karate dekhakara loga nindA kreNge| jisa prakAra rAjA janapada kI rakSA karatA hai, usI prakAra unmArga kI ora jAte hue vyakti kI veza rakSA karatA hai, ata: apaneapane varNa evaM veza vizeSa ko dhAraNa karane ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai|

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa... 181 digambara paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra kA uddezya bAlaka ko dvijatva prApta karAnA aura vratoM dvArA susaMskArita kara vidyAdhyayana karavAnA hai| 17 vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA mUloddezya vidyAdhyayana karavAnA evaM usake brAhmaNa yA kSatriya hone kI puSTi karanA hai| jaina paramparA meM varNa kI prApti karmaNA hai, vahI vaidika paramparA meM use janmanA mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti aura upanayana saMskAra kI prAcInatA yadi hama upanayana saMskAra kI prAcInatA ko puSTa karanA cAheM, to jahA~ taka jaina Agama granthoM kA prazna hai, vahA~ jJAtAdharmakathA, rAjapraznIya, aupapAtika, kalpasUtra Adi meM nAmakaraNa saMskAra paryanta hI ullekha milate haiN| isake sAtha vidyArambha evaM vivAha ke nirdeza bhI sAmAnya rUpa se prApta ho jAte haiM, kintu unameM upanayana saMskAra kA ullekha nahIM hai| upanayana saMskAra kA eka mAtra ullekha praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai parantu vaha ullekha bhI dvitIya AsravadvAra ke antargata kiyA gayA hai tathA isa saMskAra ko Arambha, samArambha va hiMsA Adi kA hetu rUpa mithyAtva mAnA gayA hai| 18 isase sUcita hotA hai ki Agamayuga taka jaina darzana meM upanayana kriyA ko saMskAra kA sthAna prApta nahIM huA thA / upanayana saMskAra kA ullekha sarvaprathama AdipurANa meM prApta hotA hai aura vahA~ usakA pravarttaka cakravartI bharata ko batAyA hai| gayA hai| upanayana kI prAcInatA ke sambandha meM digambarIya kSullaka jJAnasAgarajI kA mantavya hai 19 jisa prakAra jaina dharma anAdi hai, usI prakAra yajJopavItakarma bhI anAdi hai| jaina dharma kI anAditA mahAvideha kSetra aura anuttara devaloka kI apekSA pratyakSataH siddha kara sakate haiM kyoMki una sthAnoM para kabhI bhI dharma kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai| dUsarA kAraNa, vahA~ kAlacakra kA parivartana nahIM hai ataH sRSTi pralaya, pahalA- dUsarA ArA ityAdi bAteM bhI ghaTita nahIM hotI / vahA~ sadAsarvadA eka jaisA vyavahAra rahatA hai| vahA~ kevala jaina dharma hI vidyamAna hai, anya mata-matAntara vAle vyaktiyoM kA abhAva rahatA hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra videha kSetra meM zAzvatI karmabhUmi hai| vahA~ kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra-ye tIna varNa rahate haiM tathA AjIvikA ke lie ukta tInoM varNa

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182...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka bhI haiN| videhakSetra meM brAhmaNa-varNa nahIM hai, kintu bharatakSetra meM bharata cakravartI ne usakI sthApanA kI thii| yadi usa prakaraNa ko AdyopAnta dekheM, to yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki bharata mahArAja ne vratI jIvoM ko hI brAhmaNa kahA aura vratI hone ke cihna svarUpa hI yajJopavIta diyA thaa| isase nizcita ho jAtA hai ki yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane kI paramparA na kevala isa avasarpiNI kAla ke bharatakSetra meM hI vidyamAna hai, apitu videhakSetra meM bhI ye saMskAra hote rahate haiN| uttarapurANa meM isakA pramANa isa prakAra dekhane ko milatA hai aparAjita kA jIva jo indra huA thA, vaha pahale cyuta huA aura isI jambUdvIpa ke pUrvavideha kSetra ke ratnasaMcaya nAmaka nagara meM rAjA kSemaMkara kI kanakacitrA nAma kI rAnI se megha kI bijalI ke prakAza ke samAna vajrAyudha nAma kA putra huaa| jaba yaha utpanna huA thA, taba AdhAna, prIti, suprIti, dhRti, moha, priyodbhava Adi kriyAe~ kI gaI thIM' arthAta vajrAyudha ke lie garbhAdhAna Adi saMskAra kie gae the|20 AdipurANa kA nimna uddharaNa bhI dRSTavya hai'zrIpAla mahArAjA apane vicAra prakaTa karate haiM ki maine yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA hai aura guru ke dvArA vrata grahaNa kie haiM, aba maiM gurujanoM se prApta vivAhitA strI ko chor3akara anya strI ko kadApi svIkAra nahIM kruuNgaa|'21 uttarapurANa kA yaha pATha bhI avalokanIya hai- zrI ghanaratha tIrthaMkara ne zrAvakoM ke hita ke lie samyagdarzana ko vizuddha karane vAlI garbhAdhAnAdi samasta saMskAra kriyAoM kA upadeza diyA aura yaha bhI batalAyA ki ye kriyAe~ (saMskAra) anAdi nidhana haiN|22 isa prakAra siddha hotA hai ki videhakSetra meM yajJopavIta Adi saMskAroM kI pravRtti nirantara vidyamAna rahatI hai| AdipurANa meM varNita uddharaNa se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki videhakSetra meM bhI vivAha Adi kRtya guru evaM svajana Adi hI sampanna karate haiM, vahA~ svacchaMdatA kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| upanayana saMskAra kI prAcInatA ko nirUpita karate hue zvetAmbaramAnya AcAradinakara meM kahA hai ki ikSvAkuvaMza, nAradavaMza, vaizyavaMza, prAcyavaMza aura audIcyavaMza meM utpanna hone vAle jaina brAhmaNa ko upanayana aura jinopavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie tathA kSatriyavaMza meM utpanna hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM, vAsudevoM Adi ko tathA zreyAMsakumAra, dazArNabhadra Adi rAjAoM ko evaM harivaMza, ikSvAkuvaMza, vidyAdharavaMza meM utpanna hone vAle vyaktiyoM ko bhI

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ... 183 upanayana aura jinopavIta dhAraNa karanA caahie| unake lie bhI yahI vidhi kahI gaI hai| 23 upavIta kA svarUpa vizleSaNa yajJopavIta brAhmaNa kanyA yA kumArI kanyA ke hAthoM se kAte gae kapAsa ke sUta ke nau tAroM ko tIna-tIna tAroM meM baTakara, usase banAe gae tIna sUtra ko 96 cauoM ke nApa meM evaM tIna vRttoM meM taiyAra kI gaI mAlA hai, jisake mUla meM gAMTha lagAkara aura paramparAgata mantroM se abhimantrita kara dene ke pazcAta upavIta yA yajJopavIta nAma diyA jAtA hai| hindU paramparA meM ise nizcita Ayu, kAla aura vidhAna ke sAtha dvija - bAlakoM ko brahmacarya, gArhasthya va vAnaprastha- ina tIna Azrama vyavasthAoM meM zrauta aura smArtavihita karma karane hetu pitA, AcArya yA guru dvArA nizcita mantra ke sAtha dhAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai| isI ke sAtha bAlaka kA dUsarA janma hotA hai aura vaha 'dvija' kahalAne lagatA hai| isase upanIta bAlaka ko vinazvara sthUla zarIra kI apekSA avinAzI jJAnamaya zarIra prApta hotA hai| upanayana saMskAra ke avasara para bAlaka ko upavIta (janeU / sUtra / dhAgA) pahanAyA jAtA hai| vaha kaisA evaM kisa parimANa kA honA cAhie? isa sambandha meM vicAra karanA ati Avazyaka hai| zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- ina tInoM paramparAoM meM upavIta kA svarUpa isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai zvetAmbara - paramparA meM jinopavIta kA svarUpa jinopavIta kA svarUpa evaM parimANa - AcAradinakara meM jinopavIta kA svarUpa nimnalikhita batAyA hai- donoM stanoM ke antara ke samarUpa caurAsI dhAgoM kA eka sUtra kareM, phira use tiguNA kreN| punaH usa triguNasUtra kA triguNA kareM, aisA eka tantu hotA hai| usake sAtha aise hI do tantu aura jor3e jAte haiN| isa prakAra navataMtu garbhita trisUtra hote haiM, yaha upavIta (janeU) kahalAtA hai| 24 yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki navataMtu garbhita trisUtra kA eka agra hotA hai| sabhI vargoM meM aisA agra dhAraNa karane kI alaga-alaga vyavasthA hai| - jinopavIta kI saMkhyA- zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra brAhmaNa ko navataMtugarbhita sUtramaya tIna agra, kSatriya ko prathama ke do agra, vaizya ko prathama

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184... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana eka agra, zUdra ko uttarIya - vastra evaM anya vaNik Adi ke lie uttarAsaMga dhAraNa karane kI anujJA 25 jinopavIta kaisA ho ? AcAradinakara ke anusAra kRtayuga meM svarNamaya sUtra kA, tretAyuga meM rajata kA, dvAparayuga meM tAmra kA aura kaliyuga meM kapAsa kA yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, parantu kucha jaina AcAryoM ke matAnusAra brAhmaNoM ke lie svarNasUtra aura kSatriya - vaizyoM ke lie sarvadA kapAsasUtra kA upavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie | 26 jinopavIta kisakA pratIka ? zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'navataMtu' brahmacarya kI navagupti ke tathA 'trisUtra' darzana - jJAna - cAritra rUpa triratna ke pratIka mAne gae haiN| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jinopavIta jinezvara bhagavAna kI gArhasthya mudrA hai ataH jo AtmAe~(muni) navabrahma kI gupti se saMrakSita aura ratnatraya ke pAlana meM rata haiM, unheM sUtra rUpa upavIta ko vahana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai| jaise sUrya ko dIpaka dikhAne kI aura samudra ko jalapAtra dikhAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, usI taraha nirgrantha muniyoM ko jina upavIta dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai| munijana navabrahma kI gupti se yukta evaM ratnatraya kA trikaraNapUrvaka sadaiva Adara karate haiM ataH unake lie trisUtra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna nahIM hai jabaki gRhastha navabrahmagupti evaM ratnatraya kA zravaNa evaM cintana kara usakA aMzata: pAlana kara pAte haiM, isalie brahmaguptirUpa sUtra mudrA ko hRdaya para dhAraNa karate haiN| jinopavIta kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna kyoM ? jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA gayA hai brAhmaNa ko tIna kSatriya ko do, vaizya ko eka agra dhAraNa karanA cAhie- aisA nirdhAraNa kisa AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai ? isa sambandha meM vicAra karate haiM, to jJAta hotA hai ki brAhmaNa ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA svayaM kara sakatA hai, dUsaroM ko karavA sakatA hai aura anya kI anumodanA bhI kara sakatA hai isalie use tIna agra pahanane kA adhikAra diyA gayA hai| kSatriya ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA svayaM kara sakate haiM aura anyoM se karavA bhI sakate haiM, kintu anyoM ko karavAne kI anujJA nahIM de sakate, isa kAraNa unheM do agra pahanane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| vaizya jJAna evaM bhakti se samyaktva ko grahaNa kara apanI sAmarthya ke anurUpa ratnatraya kA svayaM AcaraNa kara sakatA hai,

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...185 parantu anyoM ko na to karavA sakatA hai aura na unheM karavAne kI AjJA de sakatA hai, etadartha vaizya ko eka agra dhAraNa karane kI anujJA dI gaI hai| zUdra ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karane meM asamartha hote haiN| isI ke sAtha hIna kulotpanna, niHsatvabhAva evaM ajJAnI hone ke kAraNa unheM jinAjJA rUpa uttarIya dhAraNa karane kA hI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| anya vaNik Adi ke lie deva-guru-dharma kI upAsanA ke samaya jinAjJA rUpa uttarAsaMga-mudrA dhAraNa karane kI anumati hai|27 ukta varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki varNa evaM yogyatA ke AdhAra para hI upavIta sUtroM kI saMkhyAe~ bhinna-bhinna batAI gaIM haiN| ata: hama pAte haiM ki zvetAmbara granthoM meM jina upavIta kA svarUpa, parimANa, saMkhyA, prayojana Adi kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA meM upavIta kA svarUpa upavIta kA svarUpa- digambara paramparA meM jinopavIta ke sambandha meM tIna prakAra ke ullekha milate haiM 1. yajJopavIta sAta lar3a(sAta sUtroM) kA guMthA huA honA cAhie, vaha sAta parama sthAnoM kA sUcaka hai|28 2. arhatpratiSThAsAra saMgraha meM yajJopavIta kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki vaha chiyAnaveM muTThiyoM se yukta navatAragarbhita (trisUtra) honA caahie| kinhIM matAnusAra yajJopavIta tIna lar3a (tIna sUtra) yukta sattAIsa bheda vAlA honA cAhie arthAta usake pratyeka lar3a meM nau-nau taMtu hone caahie|29 yajJopavIta kA parimANa- digambara AcAryoM ne yajJopavIta ke parimANa ke sambandha meM bhinna-bhinna mata prastuta kie haiN| eka avadhAraNA kahatI hai-yajJopavIta eka sau cAlIsa hAtha kacce sUta kA banAnA cAhie, usako tigunA karane para sAr3he chiyAlIsa hAtha se kucha adhika rahatA hai, phira usakI tIna lar3a banAne para pandraha hAtha se kucha adhika laMbA rahatA hai, yaha utkRSTa parimANa hai| eka sau ATha aMgula kA yajJopavIta madhyama parimANa vAlA kahalAtA hai| bAlakoM ko jaghanya parimANa vAlA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karavAnA caahie|30 ___eka vicAraka ke anusAra yajJopavIta kacce kamaladaMDa ko tor3ane se nikale hue sUkSma taMtu ke samAna cikanA, akhaMDa, sapheda, gAMTha rahita evaM pavitra taMtu kA honA caahie| usa sUtra ko tIna lar3a banAkara baTanA caahie| isa prakAra eka lar3a meM tIna-tIna Avarta kara sattAIsa lar3a kA yajJopavIta banAnA caahie|31

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186... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kinhIM matAnusAra yajJopavIta ko kaMTha meM dhAraNa kara tathA hAtha ko ghuTane kI tarapha lambA karane para hAtha jitanA lambA ho, utanA hI lambA karanA cAhie / yajJopavIta kI gAMTha kaisI ho? yajJopavIta kI gAMTha aneka prakAra kI hotI haiN| pratimAdhArI zrAvaka aura brAhmaNa ko brahmagAMTha ( mAlA ke dAnA jaisI gola gAMTha) kA yajJopavIta pahananA caahie| jo loga yajJopavIta nahIM banA sakate haiM, ve bAjAra kA navatAra kA yajJopavIta pahana sakate haiN| upavIta kI saMkhyA - digambara matAnusAra vidyArthI ko tathA niyatakAla taka brahmacarya dhAraNa karane vAloM ko eka, gRhastha ko do, jinake pAsa dupaTTA na ho una gRhasthoM ko tIna, jise adhika jIvita rahane kI icchA ho, vaha do yA tIna aura jisa vyakti ko putrecchA hai yA dhArmika ArAdhanA karane kI icchA hai, vaha pA~ca yajJopavIta dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| eka yajJopavIta pahana kara japa, homa Adi kie jAeM to unheM niSphala mAnA gayA hai | 32 yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki eka-eka yajJopavIta ke lie pRthak pRthak mantra par3hanA caahie| yadi eka bAra maMtra par3hakara do, tIna yA pA~ca yajJopavIta dhAraNa kara lie jAeM to kisI eka ke TUTane yA azuddha hone para zeSa bhI TUTe hue yA azuddha samajha lie jAte haiM ataH pratyeka yajJopavIta ko punaH punaH mantra par3hakara pahananA caahie| upavIta kaisA ho ? jaina dharma kI digambara zAkhA meM brAhmaNoM ke lie sUta kA, rAjAoM ke lie suvarNa kA aura vaizyoM ke lie rezama kA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai | 33 upavIta kisakA pratIka ? digambara paramparA meM 'navataMtu' 1. arihaMta 2. siddha 3. AcArya 4. upAdhyAya 5 sAdhu 6. jinadharma 7. jinAgama 8. jinacaitya aura 9. jinapratimA rUpa deva-guru-dharma kI ArAdhanA kA aura 'tIna lar3a' ratnatraya ko sAkSAt prakaTa karane kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| 34 upavIta (janeU) kI nirmANa vidhi- digambara sAhitya meM upavIta banAne kI nimna vidhi prApta hotI hai - vahA~ janeU 96 cauka ( cAra aMguliyoM ko eka sAtha jor3anA cauka kahalAtA hai) kA hotA hai| isa prakAra eka cauka ke tIna avicchinna taMtu saubhAgyavatI strI yA kanyA ke hAtha se kAte hue hone caahie| usakI eka lar3a karanI cAhie /

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...187 yahA~ cauka se sUta kA pramANa isalie kahA gayA hai ki cAroM puruSArtha kI zuddhi ratnatraya dhAraka puruSa ko hI hotI hai, usako triguNita karane para sattAIsa tattva veSTita(navapada) ke svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai| puna: triguNita kiyA huA tIna lar3a kA yajJopavIta ratnatraya kA bodha karavAtA hai|35 ___ suspaSTa hai ki digambara paramparA meM tIna prakAra ke yajJopavIta batalAe gae haiM tathA vaha upavIta sadhavA nArI yA kanyA ke hAtha dvArA kAte hue sUta kA honA caahie| vaidika-paramparA meM yajJopavIta kA svarUpa upavIta kA svarUpa- vaidika matAnusAra yajJopavIta nau tantu sahita tIna sUtra vAlA evaM samyak vidhi pUrvaka baMTA huA hotA hai tathA Upara meM hRdaya taka aura nIce meM nAbhi taka lambA hotA hai|36 upavIta kA parimANa- tadanusAra yajJopavIta 96 aMgula parimANa vAlA honA caahie| ___upavIta kaisA ho ? gRhyasUtroM evaM smRtiyoM meM yajJopavIta ke pRthak-pRthak prakAra batAe gae haiN| manu(2/44) evaM viSNudharmasUtra (27/19) ke anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya ke lie kramaza: kapAsa, sana evaM Una kA honA caahie| baudhAyanadharmasUtra (1/5/5) evaM gobhilagRhyasUtra (1/2/1) ke anusAra rUI yA kuza kA honA cAhie, kintu devala ke anusAra sabhI dvijAtiyoM kA yajJopavIta kapAsa, kSumA(alasI), gAya kI pU~cha ke bAla, paTasana-vRkSa kI chAla yA kuza kA honA caahie|37 vartamAna meM prAya: kapAsa kA hI yajJopavIta banAyA jAtA hai| . upavIta kA saMkhyA nirdhAraNa- vaidika sAhitya ke nirdezAnusAra saMnyAsI va brahmacArI kevala eka upavIta dhAraNa kara sakatA hai, snAtaka (jo brahmacarya ke uparAnta guru geha se apane mAtA-pitA ke ghara A cukA hai) evaM gRhastha do upavIta dhAraNa kara sakatA hai tathA jo dIrghAyu cAhatA hai, vaha do se adhika pahana sakatA hai|38 ___ isa taraha vaidika paramparA meM yajJopavIta kA sarvAdhika mahattva rahA hai| dharmazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki puruSa ko sadA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA caahie|

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188...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yadi koI brAhmaNa binA yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie bhojana kara le to use prAyazcitta AtA hai| ____yajJopavIta(janeU) nirmANa vidhi- baudhAyanasUtra Adi ke anusAra janeU banAne evaM use abhimantrita karane kI nimna vidhi hai 39_ __sarvaprathama kisI brAhmaNa yA kuMvArI kanyA dvArA kAtA huA sUta laaeN| phira 'bhaH' ke uccAraNa pUrvaka kisI vyakti ke dvArA use 96 aMgula nApa liyA jaae| isI prakAra punaH do bAra 'bhuva:' aura sva: ke uccAraNa pUrvaka 96-96 aMgula kA sUta nApA jaae| usake bAda nApe hue sUta ko palAza ke patte para rakheM aura tIna mantroM 'Apo hiSThA'(Rgveda 10/9/1-3), 'hiraNyavarNAH' evaM 'pavamAnaH suvarjana:' se prArambha hone vAle anuvAka tathA gAyatrI mantra ke sAtha usa para jala chir3akeM arthAta ina tIna mantroM se una tIna tAroM ko jala meM acchI taraha bhigaaeN| phira tIna tAramaya sUta ko bAeM hAtha meM lekara tIna bAra jora se AghAta kreN| taduparAnta, tIna vyAhatiyoM se use eka baTa dekara eka rUpa banA le| aba inhIM mantroM se use triguNita kareM aura puna: baTakara eka rUpa kara leN| puna: ise triguNita karake praNava se usameM brahmagranthi (gAMTha) lgaaeN| isake nau tantuoM me oMkAra, agni, ananta, candra, pitRgaNa, prajApati, vAyu, sUrya aura sarvadeva Adi nau devatAoM kA kramaza: AvAhana aura sthApana kreN| phira 'devasyatvA' mantroccAra ke sAtha upavIta uThAeM, usake bAda 'udvayaM tamasaspari' mantra dvArA use sUrya ke sammukha dikhaaeN| phira 'yajJopavItaM paramaM pavitra' mantra bolate hue use dhAraNa krvaaeN| mantra paThana ke sAtha gA~Tha baaNdhe| yaha yajJopavIta banAne evaM dhAraNa karane kI vidhi hai| __vartamAna paramparA meM purAnA ho jAne para yA azuddha ho jAne para, kaTa yA TUTa jAne para puna: navIna yajJopavIta dhAraNa karate haiM taba agrima vidhi karate haiMyajJopavIta para 'Apo hiSThA' mantroM ke sAtha jala chir3akA jAtA hai| isake pazcAta dasa bAra gAyatrI maMtra (OM bhUrbhava: sva:) kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura usake pazcAta 'yajJopavItaM paramaM pavitraM' mantroccAra ke sAtha yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| upavIta kisakA pratIka ? vaidika-paramparA meM yajJopavIta ke nau dhAgoM meM nau devatAoM kA nivAsa mAnA gayA hai- 1. oghamakAra 2. agni 3. ananta

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa... 189 4. candra 5. pitR 6. prajApati 7. vAyu 8. sUrya aura 9. saba devatAoM kA smuuh| veda mantroM se abhimantrita evaM saMskAra pUrvaka nirmita yajJopavIta meM nau zaktiyoM kA nivAsa hotA hai| vaha sUtra (dhAgA) zarIra rUpI devAlaya ke lie parama kalyANakArI hotA hai| sAmavedIya chAndogyasUtra meM yajJopavIta ke sambandha meM eka aura mahattvapUrNa ullekha yaha hai ki brahmAjI ne tIna vedoM se tIna dhAge kA sUtra banAyA / viSNu ne jJAna, karma, upAsanA-ina tInoM kANDoM se tigunA kiyA aura zivajI ne gAyatrI se abhimantrita kara usameM brahma gA~Tha lagA dii| isa prakAra yajJopavIta nau tAra aura granthiyoM sameta banakara taiyAra huA hai| yajJopavIta ke nau dhAge nimnokta nau guNoM ke bhI pratIka mAne gae haiM1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. asteya 4. titikSA 5. aparigraha 6. saMyama 7. AstikatA 8. zAnti aura 9. pavitratA / isake sivAya anya bhI nau guNa batAe gae haiM, jo nimna haiM- 1. hRdaya meM prema 2. vANI meM madhuratA 3. vyavahAra meM saralatA 4. nArImAtra meM mAtRtva kI bhAvanA 5. karma meM kalA 6. sabake prati udAratA aura sevA bhAvanA 7. gurujanoM kA sammAna 8. sadgranthoM kA svAdhyAya evaM satsaMga aura 9. svacchatA, vyavasthA aura nirAlasyatA kA svabhAva 40 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidika dharma meM nau dhAge nau devatAoM evaM nau guNoM ke pratIka haiN| sAtha hI uparyukta vivecana se avagata hotA hai ki tInoM paramparAoM meM nava taMtu garbhita trisUtra ko hI upavIta ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| yadyapi isake uddezya aura pratIka bhinna rahe haiN| zvetAmbara evaM vaidika paramparAe~ yajJopavIta kI vistRta carcA karatI haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA meM apekSAkRta saMkSipta carcA hI milatI hai| upavIta dhAraNa karane ke kucha vidhi niyama upavItadhArI ko sadaiva yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yajJopavIta ratnatraya prApti kA zreSTha Alambana hai, parama pavitra hai, paramAtmA kI AjJA svarUpa hai, sajjAti kI abhivyakti karane kA mukhya cihna svarUpa hai, vrata rUpa hai, zrAvaka dharma kA mUla pratIka hai, dharma kA bIja hai, vicAra zuddhi kA ananya kAraNa hai, mokSamArga kI pAtratA kA Adarza hai, dAna-pUjA Adi satkarma evaM sadAcAra meM pravRtti karane kA mUla AdhAra hai ataH yajJopavIta eka prakAra se devatulya hai,

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190...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana usase kisI bhI malina padArtha yA vyakti kA sparza na ho jAe, isa sambandha meM pUrNa sAvadhAnI rakhanI caahie| upavIta kI pavitratA sadaiva banI rahe, etadartha agra likhita sUcanAoM kA dhyAna rakhA jAnA cAhie* mUtra karate samaya usake chIMTe upavIta para na gira jAeM aura guhyaliMga se yajJopavIta kA sparza na ho jAe, isalie usa samaya yajJopavIta ko dAhine kAna para sthApita kreN| * mala-visarjana karate samaya mastaka se lapeTakara baoNeM kAna para sthApita kreN| * vamana kI sthiti hone para use gale meM do-tIna bAra lapeTa leM, tAki vamana(ulTI) ke chIMTe usa para na gira paaeN| * maithuna karate samaya yajJopavIta ko mastaka para rkheN| * pUjA aura dAna Adi kRtya ke samaya sadaiva laMbAyamAn dhAraNa kreN| * kSaurakarma karAte samaya vaha nAI se sparzita na ho jAe isalie usa samaya kandhe se nIce bhAga meM pITha para utAra leN| yadi mala-mUtra karate samaya yA maithuna ke samaya upavIta ko nirdiSTa sthAna para sthApita na kiyA ho yA anabhyAsa kI vajaha se usakI pavitratA kA dhyAna na rakhA ho to nau bAra namaskAra-mantra kA jApa karanA cAhie, isase usakI zuddhi ho jAtI hai|41 zrIrAmazarmA AcArya ne yajJopavIta kI pavitratA ko banAe rakhane hetu nimna sUcanAe~ dI haiM12 - 1. mala-mUtra tyAgate samaya janeU ko kAna para cddh'aaeN| 2. yajJopavIta kI pUjA-pratiSThA ke lie pratidina gAyatrI mantra kI eka mAlA (108 bAra) gineN| 3. kaNTha se bAhara nikAle binA hI sAbuna Adi se use dhoeN| 4. eka bhI lar3a TUTa jAne para nayA yajJopavIta dhAraNa kreN| 5. cAbI Adi koI bhI vastu usameM na baaNdhe| uparyukta varNana ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe, to pAte haiM ki digambara evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM meM jinopavIta kI pavitratA ko surakSita banAe rakhane hetu mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ dI gaI haiM, jabaki zvetAmbara

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa... 191 AcAryoM dvArA isa prakAra kA koI nirdeza nahIM diyA gayA hai| mala-mUtra Adi ke samaya janeU ko kAna para rakhanA, sUtaka Adi ke samaya nayA dhAraNa karanA, TUTa jAne para nayA grahaNa karanA ityAdi sUcanAoM ko donoM paramparAoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkArA hai kintu nayA dhAraNa karane ke viSaya meM donoM kI mAnyatA bhinnabhinna haiN| digambara mAnyatAnusAra prati eka varSa meM zrAvaNa zukla pUrNimA ke dina navIna yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie aura vaidika paramparAnusAra prati chaH mAsa ke anantara nayA upavIta dhAraNa kara lenA caahie| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne isa sambandha meM koI sUcana nahIM diyA hai| jinopavItadhArI ke lie AcaraNIya kRtya digambara matAnusAra upavIta ko ina niyamoM yA vratoM kA avazya pAlana karanA cAhie 1. madya - mA~sa- madhu kA parityAga karanA / 2. pA~ca prakAra ke udumbara phaloM kA sevana nahIM karanA / 3. pratidina jinAlaya ke darzana karanA / 4. rAtribhojana kA tyAga karanA / 5. pAnI chAnakara pInA / 6. mithyAtvI devoM ko namaskAra, pUjA, unakI mAnyatA (mAnatA) Adi nahIM krnaa| 7. mithyA zAstroM kA zravaNa nahIM karanA, mithyAtvI guruoM ko namaskAra nahIM krnaa| 8. yathAzakti pA~ca aNuvratoM kA pAlana karanA / 9. prANImAtra ke prati dayAbhAva rkhnaa| 43 10. deva, guru, dharma ke prati avicala zraddhA rakhanA / 11. samyagdRSTi ke guNoM meM anurAga rakhanA / 12. bhojana-zuddhi aura khAdya padArthoM kI zuddhi kA pUrA dhyAna rakhanA / ke hAtha kA sparza kiyA huA jala, ghRta, tela, ATA Adi khAdyapadArthoM kA sevana nahIM karanA / 13. zUdra 14. vidhavA vivAha, jAti-pAMti lopa aura vijAtIya vivAha nahIM karanA /

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192...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kisa sthiti meM navIna yajJopavIta dhAraNa kareM? upavIta saMskArita brahmasUtra hai, jo saMskAra ke dina se mRtyu paryanta zarIra se alaga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai kintu kucha aise avasara Ate haiM, jaba dhAraNa kie hue yajJopavIta ko azuddha mAnakara nayA upavIta dhAraNa karane kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| zAstrakAroM ne nimna sthitiyoM meM dhAraNa kie hue upavIta ko apavitra mAnakara navIna upavIta ke dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai 1. digambara mAnyatAnusAra prati varSa zrAvaNa pUrNimA ke dina navIna upavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie aura purAnA jalAzaya meM chor3a denA caahie| 2. yadi svayaM kI asAvadhAnI se yajJopavIta bAeM kandhe se khisakakara bAeM hAtha ke nIce A jAe athavA usase nikalakara kamara ke nIce A jAe yA vastrAdi utArate samaya usase lipaTakara zarIra se alaga ho jAe to navIna pratiSThita yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA caahie| 3. mala-mUtra kA tyAga karate samaya kAna meM lapeTanA bhUla jAeM athavA kAna meM lipaTA sUtra kAna se sarakakara alaga ho jAe to navIna dhAraNa karanA caahie| __granthakAroM ke anusAra yajJopavIta jIvana paryanta dhAraNa karanA cAhie kintu nimna sthitiyoM ke hone para purAnA yajJopavIta chor3a denA cAhie aura puna: nayA dhAraNa karanA caahie| 1. ghara para sUtaka huA ho, zavayAtrA meM sammilita hue hoM, kuTumba meM nikaTa sambandhI kI mRtyu huI ho yA bAlaka-bAlikA kA janma huA ho to yajJopavIta avazya badala lenA caahie| 2. yajJopavIta TUTa gayA ho to punaH nayA dhAraNa karanA caahie| 3. apavitra mala-mUtra-rakta Adi kA usase sparza huA ho, asparzya jAti ke cAMDAlAdi dvArA chU liyA gayA ho to yajJopavIta badala lenA caahie| yadi ajJAnatAvaza zUdra jAti ke sAtha bhojana kara liyA ho athavA madya sevI aura mAMsabhakSI ke sAtha bhUla se bhojana kara liyA ho to prAyazcitta kara usa yajJopavIta kA puna: saMskAra karanA caahie| nayA pahanane kI jarUrata nahIM hai| 4. gAya, kuttA, billI, sarpa Adi paMcendriya jIvoM kI jAnabUjhakara yA ajJAnatA pUrvaka hiMsA ho gaI ho to prAyazcitta grahaNa kara evaM punaH saMskArita karavAkara dhAraNa karanA caahie|44

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...193 isI taraha anya prasaMgoM meM bhI yajJopavIta ke azuddha hone kI saMbhAvanAe~ hone para puna: saMskArita karavAkara dhAraNa karanA caahie| upavIta(janeU) dhAraNa kA sArvakAlika mAhAtmya jaina evaM vaidika donoM paramparAe~ yajJopavIta ke mahattva ko svIkAratI haiN| digambara mata meM yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie binA use zrAvaka dharma pAlana karane kA, jinapUjA karane kA aura dAna dene kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA gayA hai|45 tadanusAra jo bhavya jIva janeU dhAraNa kie binA dAna, pUjA Adi satkarma karanA cAhate haiM yA karate haiM, unako pUjA aura dAna ke phala kI pUrNa prApti nahIM hotI hai| yajJopavIta zabda kI nirUkti se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai ki yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA huA vyakti hI pUjA aura dAna Adi kara sakatA hai| yajJopavIta zabda kI nirUkti isa prakAra hai "yajJe dAnadevapUjAkarmaNi dhRtaM upavItaM brahmasUtraM yajJopavIta' athavA 'yajJArtha dAnadevapUjArtha dhRtaM upavItaM brahmasUtraM yjnyopviitmiti|' athavA 'upavItaM bahmasUtraM itymrH|' ___ isa sambandha meM jaina granthoM ke aneka uddharaNa bhI dRSTavya haiM, jo yaha sUcita karate haiM ki dAna evaM pUjA Adi karane ke lie yajJopavIta avazya dhAraNa karanA caahie| yajJopavIta pahane hue gRhastha ko hI pUjA Adi karane kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai, jaise* jo ijyA (jinapUjA) datti (dAna) Adi SaTkarma kA AcaraNa karanA ho, ATha mUlaguNa kA pAlana karane vAlA ho, samasta saMskAroM ko karane vAlA ho aura yajJopavIta sahita ho use hI gRhastha kahate haiM vaha gRhastha hI dAna de sakatA hai|46 * pUjA ko prakaTa karane vAle cakrezvara ne jinezvara paramAtmA kI pUjA ke lie vidhi rUpa bhUSaNoM kA cihna yajJopavIta batalAyA hai| * zuddha vastra aura yajJopavIta dhAraNa karake hI jinezvara paramAtmA kI pUjA karanI caahie|47 pUjaka ko tilaka aura mAlA bhI pahananI caahie|48 * ratnatraya kA cihna(uroliMga) yaha yajJopavIta maiM bhagavAna kI pUjA ke lie dhAraNa karatA huuN|

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194... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * zikhA Adi liMga ke dhAraka aura yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane vAle bhagavAna kI pUjA karate haiN|49 * bharata mahArAjA ne yajJopavIta dhAraka ko hI bhagavAn kI pUjA karane kA upadeza diyA hai| * AdipurANa meM kahA gayA hai - yajJopavItadhArI ko hI jinezvara paramAtmA kI pUjA, muniyoM ko dAna, svAdhyAya, vArtA, saMyama, tapa Adi ka karanA caahie| yaha gRhasthoM kA kula dharma hai | 50 * dAnazAsana mahAgrantha meM nirdeza hai ki bhagavAn kI pUjA karane vAlA apane ko indra kI sthApanA ke lie yajJopavIta Adi dhAraNa kare | 51 * yahI bAta vaidika granthoM meM kahI gaI hai - jo yajJopavIta dhAraNa nahIM karatA, usakA yajJa saphala nahIM hotaa| dainika kriyAoM bhojana Adi meM bhI yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai anyathA prAyazcitta AtA hai| 52 * zrI brahmasUri AcArya ne batalAyA hai ki bhagavAna kI pUjA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karake hI karanA cAhie tathA isI ke sAtha kamara meM mauMjI bandhana aura kopIna ye kaTiliMga haiM; yajJopavIta vakSasthala kA liMga hai, zikhA mastaka kA liMga hai, tilaka bhAla kA cihna hai| ina cihnoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA hI jina pUjana kA adhikArI hotA hai | 53 * pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM ullekha hai ki samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa muktAphala samAna tIna lar3a kA svaccha yajJopavIta dhAraNa karatA hU~ aura paramAtmA kI pUjA kA adhikArI hotA huuN| 54 * yajJa dIkSA vidhAna nAmaka grantha meM varNana hai ki - samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna, samyakcAritra rUpa yajJopavIta Adi ko dhAraNa kara jina pUjana kA pAtra hotA huuN| isake sivAya devasena viracita bhAvasaMgraha, nemicandrAcArya racita pratiSThAtilaka, AdipurANa Adi granthoM meM bhI ukta kI saTIka puSTi kI gaI hai| isa vivecana se yaha pUrNata: sunizcita hotA hai ki dAna, pUjA Adi SaTkarma karane ke lie yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA paramAvazyaka hai| isake binA pUjA Adi kRtya saphala nahIM hote haiM /

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...195 yajJopavIta dhAraNa ke paravartI niyama jaina paramparA ke anusAra jaba bAlaka vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka yajJopavIta ko dhAraNa kara le, tadanantara use vidyAdhyayana karanA caahie| usa samaya bAlaka ko ucita veza evaM vrata caryA kA pAlana karate hue yaha avadhi pUrNa karanI caahie| usakI vezabhUSA isa prakAra kI honI cAhie1. kaTiliMga - kamara para triguNita mauMjI (mUMja kI rassI) kA bandhana ho, yaha ratnatraya kA vizuddha aMga hai aura brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya logoM kA eka cihna hai| 2. arUliMga - ghaTane taka svaccha dhUlI huI sapheda dhotI pahanI huI ho, yaha dhotI sUcita karatI hai ki zrI arihanta paramAtmA kA kula pavitra aura vizAla hai| 3. uroliMga - vidyArthI ke vakSaHsthala para sAta sUtroM kA guMthA huA yajJopavIta ho, yaha yajJopavIta sAta parama sthAnoM kA sUcaka hai| unake nAma ye haiM1. sajjAti-parama sthAna 2. sadgRhastha-parama sthAna 3. parivrAjya- parama sthAna 4. surendra-paramasthAna 5. sAmrAjya-parama sthAna 6. Arhata- parama sthAna aura 7. nirvANa-parama sthAna 4. ziroliMga - mastaka para kezoM kA muNDana kiyA huA ho, yaha mana-vacana kAyA kI zuddhatA kA sUcaka hai|55 saMkSepa meM kaheM to yajJopavIta dhAraNa kie hue vidyArthI ko brahmacarya pAlana kI avadhi taka ukta cAra prakAra kI vezabhUSA evaM cihna ko dhAraNa kara rahanA caahie| yajJopavIta saMskAra vidyArthI ke lie nimna vratoM/niyamoM kA AcaraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai* upavItadhArI brahmacArI ko vRkSa(lakar3I) kA dAtauna nahIM karanA cAhie, na pAna khAnA cAhie, na aMjana lagAnA cAhie aura na haldI Adi lagAkara snAna karanA caahie| use pratidina kevala zarIra zuddhi ke lie dina meM snAna karanA caahie| brahmacArI vidyArthI ko palaMga-cArapAI Adi para nahIM sonA cAhie, na kisI dUsare zarIra se apanA zarIra ragar3anA caahie| bhUmi para akele hI sonA caahie|56

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196...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * brahmacArI ko gurumukha se zrAvakAcAra par3hanA caahie| guru mukha se par3hane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zrAvaka jIvana kI bahuta sI aisI kriyAe~ haiM, jo aneka zAstroM ke manthana karane se prApta hotI haiM, ve guru mukha se sahaja hI prApta ho sakatI haiN| . zrAvakAcAra kA adhyayana karane ke bAda nyAya, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya Adi pAramArthika aura laukika-vidyAeM par3hanI caahie| yadi vidyArthI kSatriya hai to zastra dhAraNa karanA cAhie aura vaizya hai to vyApAra Adi meM pravRtta ho jAnA jaahie| uparyukta varNana kA samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se vivecana kareM to yaha avagata hotA hai ki vidyArthI jIvana meM praveza karane evaM usase bahirgamana karane kI vidhi viziSTa kriyA dvArA sampanna hotI hai| isa kriyA kA bAlaka ke mana-mastiSka para samyak prabhAva par3atA hai| vidyArthI jIvana kI vezabhUSA evaM vratAcaraNa sambandhI niyama pUrNa vaijJAnika evaM AdhyAtmika haiN| ye niyama bAlaka ko sadAcArI evaM dharmAcArI banane kI preraNA dete haiN| eka sunizcita avadhi taka ukta niyamoM ke sAtha jIne vAlA vyakti manuSya jIvana kI carama U~cAIyoM (guNoM) ko pAra kara letA hai, yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI yaha paramparA pUrNa maulika, naiSThika evaM aucityapUrNa hai| pratyeka mAtA-pitA ko susaMskArita banane evaM bAlakoM ko susaMskArita karane ke lie yajJopavIta saMskAra avazya sampanna karanA caahie| jinopavItadhArI (vidyArthI) ke prakAra yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane ke bAda vidyAbhyAsa karane vAle aura gurukula meM rahane vAle brahmacArI mukhyatayA pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiN| dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM brahmacAriyoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra varNita hai 57. ___ 1. upanayana brahmacArI - jo yajJopavIta Adi dhAraNa karake vidyAbhyAsa pUrvaka aNuvrata Adi svIkAra karatA hai, vaha upanayana brahmacArI kahalAtA hai| 2. avalamba brahmacArI - jo kSullaka rUpa meM yajJopavIta Adi dhAraNa kara vidyAbhyAsa ke sAtha-sAtha aNuvrata Adi kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha avalamba brahmacArI hai| 3. adIkSA brahmacArI - jo yajJopavIta evaM vidyAbhyAsa pUrvaka kSullaka Adi

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...197 upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ke veza ko dhAraNa kie binA aNuvrata Adi kA paripAlana karatA hai, vaha adIkSA brahmacArI hai| 4. gUr3ha brahmacArI - jisane muni-pada ko dhAraNa kara liyA ho kintu bandhu ke Agraha se yA pariSaha sahana na hone ke kAraNa se athavA rAjA ke Agraha se muni dharma ko chor3akara gRhastha dharma svIkAra karatA hai, vaha gUr3ha brahmacArI kahA jAtA hai| 5. naiSThika brahmacArI jo mastaka ko muNDita rakhatA hai, sapheda vastrakhaMDa pahanatA hai, kaupIna rakhatA hai, bhikSAvRtti karatA hai aura devatA kA pUjana karatA hai, strI ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, use naiSThika brahmacArI kahate haiM / naiSThikabrahmacArI gyAraha prakAra ke kahe gae haiM aura unakI pahacAna ke lie kramazaH se eka se gyAraha yajJopavIta die jAte haiN| ina pA~ca meM se bhI do prakAra ke vidyArthI mukhya haiM - eka gurukula meM rahakara vidyAbhyAsa karane vAle tathA dUsare gRhavAsa meM rahakara pratimA evaM vratoM kA pAlana karane vaale| inameM se prathama naiSThika - brahmacArI kI pahacAna ke lie gyAraha janeU hotI haiM aura dUsare naiSThika - brahmacArI ke do hI janeU hotI haiN| jinopavIta ke zAstrokta adhikArI - jaina paramparA meM yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane ke yogya tIna prakAra ke adhikArI (pAtra) batAe gae haiN| prathama prakAra ke adhikArI ve haiM, jo brahmacaryavrata ko dhAraNa kara evaM gurukula meM rahakara vidyAbhyAsa karane ke abhilASI hoN| dUsare prakAra ke pAtra ve haiM, jo gurukula meM rahane ke icchuka nahIM hai aura kisI vizeSa kAraNa se apanA gRha chor3anA nahIM cAhate haiM, ve bharata mahArAjA Adi ke samAna gRha para rahakara yajJopavIta dhAraNa kareM aura dAna-pUjA Adi kAryoM meM dattacitta rheN| tIsare prakAra ke adhikArI ve haiM, jinhoMne pUrvakRta puNyodaya se uccagotra, vizuddha kula aura uttama jAti ko prApta kiyA hai, parantu mithyAtva ke udaya se mithyAdRSTi ho rahe haiM, aise jIvoM ko dharma dezanA Adi dvArA satya pratIti ho jAe to saMskArita karanA caahie| AdipurANa meM tInoM prakAra ke adhikAriyoM dvArA yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane kI pRthak-pRthaka vidhi batAI gaI hai|

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198...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jinopavIta dhAraNa ke ayogya kauna? ___ jaina sAhitya ke lokapriya grantha AdipurANa, AcAradinakara, dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra Adi meM varNana hai ki brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya-ye tIna varNa vAle hI saMskAra karane-karavAne ke adhikArI hote haiN| zUdra jAti ke lie saMskAra karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai arthAt zUdra jAti meM utpanna hue vyaktiyoM kA saMskAra nahIM hotA hai, ataeva unake lie yajJopavIta saMskAra bhI nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ prazna uTha sakatA hai ki zUdra ko saMskAra ke yogya yA mokSamArga kI sAdhanA ke yogya kyoM nahIM mAnA gayA hai? isake kaI kAraNa haiM-zUdra jAtyotpanna vyakti ke lie paramparA se saMskAra kA abhAva hotA hai| ve mAsikadharma, sUtaka, pAtaka Adi kA pAlana nahIM karate haiN| zUdra kI jAtiyoM meM prAya: madya, mAMsa kI pravRtti kula paramparA se calatI rahatI hai| zUdra kI vRttiyA~ atyanta hiMsAjanaka hotI haiN| zUdra meM punarvivAha hone se piMDazuddhi kA abhAva hotA hai| zUdra kI saMtAna-pratisaMtAna meM piMDazuddhi, rajavIryazuddhi aura saMskAra zuddhi kA sarvathA abhAva hotA hai| aise anya bhI kaI kAraNoM ko lekara use saMskAra kA adhikArI nahIM mAnA hai| ise dhAraNa karane kA adhikAra strI-jAti ko bhI nahIM diyA gayA hai, kyoMki saMskAroM ke anupAlana meM zacitA aura pavitratA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| strI ke zarIra kA nirmANa isa taraha se huA hai ki use mAsa meM kucha dina apavitra dazA meM rahanA par3atA hai| isI taraha prasavakAla meM bhI vaha apavitra dazA meM rahane hetu bAdhya hotI hai| puruSa ke samAna strI brahmacarya-dharma kA pAlana (rajasvalA hone para) nahIM kara sakatI hai| isI prakAra mantroM ke uccAraNa kI azuddhatA bhI strI meM rahatI hai| ina sabake bAda bhI manusmRti (2/67) meM striyoM kA vivAha saMskAra hI unake yajJopavIta saMskAra ke samAna kahA hai| - jina jAtiyoM meM vijAtIya vivAha hotA hai, una jAtiyoM ke lie bhI saMskAra karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isase dhvanita hotA hai ki AhArazuddhi va saMskArazuddhi ke bala para hI AcArazuddhi nirbhara haiN| ____ mUlata: yaha carcA jaina dharma ke paravartIkAlIna granthoM meM milatI hai, jise kisI na kisI rUpa meM brAhmaNa dharma kA prabhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna jainAgamoM meM zUdra ko dIkSA kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...199 bArahaveM adhyayana meM harikezIbala kA udAharaNa ukta bAta kA pUrNa samarthana karatA hai| ye harikezIbala cANDAla kulotpanna the, kintu zreSTha guNoM ke kAraNa pravrajyA dhAraNa kara muni jIvana ke uttama saMskAroM se vAsita ho ge| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki kisI jAti yA kula meM janma lene mAtra se vyakti ucca yA nIca nahIM ho jaataa| vyakti kI uccatA-nIcatA kA pramukha kAraNa guNa-avaguNa, saccAritratAAcArahInatA, dUSita-adUSita pravRtti Adi haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA prasiddha udghoSa hai-'vyakti janma se nahIM, karma se mahAn hotA hai|' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki zUdra ko saMskAra kA anAdhikArI isalie nahIM mAnA gayA ki vaha caturtha varNa meM paidA huA hai| ____ AcAradinakara meM kahA gayA hai ki zUdra ko muni dIkSA pradAna karane ke lie usakA upanayana saMskAra karake use brAhmaNa varga meM sammilita karanA cahie, phira use dIkSA denI caahie| upanayana saMskAra dvArA varNa parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| zUdra ko ayogya isalie mAnA gayA hai ki vaha prAya: mA~sa, madirA Adi kA sevana karatA rahatA hai ata: usakA anna, jau-vidhi aura mantroM se rahita hai, rUdhira ke samAna hai| yahI bAta zUdra ke doSoM ke sambandha meM Apastamba ne kahI hai ajJAna timirAnyasya, madyapAna-stasyaca / rUdhiraM tena zadrAnnaM, vidhimantra vivarjitam / / jainoM ke anusAra varNa vyavasthA karmAdhArita hai, janmAdhArita nhiiN| zUdrajAti ko hIna mAnane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki vaha prAya: tamoguNa pradhAna hotI hai aura zArIrika tathA mAnasika dRSTi se isa varga meM aneka doSa vidyamAna rahate haiM, anyathA kisI vyakti yA varNa ko akAraNa choTA-bar3A nahIM batalAyA hai, varan usake sAmAjika-pariveza tathA vaiyaktika yogyatA-ayogyatA ke anusAra hI yaha vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki yadi pratyeka varga kA vyakti saccAritrI bana jAe, sanmArga kA pathika bana jAe to vaha nizcita rUpa se sadgati aura mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| jaina vicAraNA meM vahI manuSya zUdra hai, jisakA AcaraNa dUSita, gandA evaM nindanIya hai, para jise saMsAra kI asAratA kA jJAna hai, jo anAsakta bhAva se apane kartavya kA pAlana karatA hai aura sevA kArya ko hI parama dharma samajhakara tana mana dhana se pUrA karatA hai to koI kAraNa nahIM ki usako nIca samajhA jaae|

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200...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yaha bAta nahIM ki zAstroM meM aspRzyatA ke ullekha nahIM milate haiM, para unakA uddezya bhI zUdra varNa kA bahiSkAra nahIM hai, varan jo vyakti jisa samaya kisI kAraNavaza dUSita vAtAvaraNa se saMlagna ho jAtA hai, vaha usa avasthA meM aspRzya mAna liyA jAtA hai, jaise-cikitsAzAstra ke anusAra kuSTharoga, kSaya roga, plega, haijA Adi ke rogiyoM ko bhI aspRzya mAnA gayA hai kyoMki unake samparka se ye roga anya vyaktiyoM ko bhI laga sakate haiN| isI prakAra rajasvalA hone para ghara kI striyoM ko tathA janma-maraNa kA sUtaka lagane para sage-sambandhiyoM ko kucha kAla ke lie aspRzya batalAyA hai, kyoMki usa samaya zArIrika aura mAnasika dRSTi se unakA samparka hamAre lie hAniprada ho sakatA hai| zUdroM ke sambandha meM bhI yahI niyama lAgU hotA hai| unameM jo vyakti sadaiva gande rahate haiM, zarAba Adi kA nazA karate haiM, azlIla kathopakathana karate haiM, unake lie hI saMskAra karma kA niSedha hai| yadi ye durguNa kisI brAhmaNa-nAmadhArI meM hoM to vaha bhI usI prakAra aspRzya mAnA gayA hai aura use zUdra ke tulya kahA gayA hai| suspaSTa hai ki vyakti kI uccatA evaM nIcatA kA pramukha AdhAra usake guNa-karma hI haiN| yadi vyakti kA AcaraNa zuddha, pavitra aura nirdoSa hai, to zUdra jAti meM utpanna huA vyakti bhI yajJopavIta Adi saMskAroM kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai| dUsarA tathya yaha vicAraNIya hai ki doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie hI saMskAroM kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai, jisase manuSya ko Arambha se hI ziSTatA aura sadAcAra kA abhyAsa ho jaae| upanayana saMskAra kA kartA kauna? zvetAmbara paramparA jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka ko yaha saMskAra sampanna karavAne kA adhikAra pradAna karatI haiN| digambara paramparA isa saMskAra kA adhikArI AcArya, pitA yA pitR-kulotpanna kisI vyakti ko mAnatI hai|58 vaidika paramparA meM mUlataH pitA ko isa saMskAra kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| paravartIkAla meM brAhmaNa AcArya ko yaha adhikAra diyA gayA yA aisA dekhA jAtA hai|59

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...201 upanayana-saMskAra hetu zubha dina Adi kA vicAra yaha saMskAra kina zubha dinoM evaM zubha lagna meM kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa sambandha meM AcAradinakara ati mahattvapUrNa sUcanA detA hai| isameM upanayana saMskAra ke yogya nakSatroM evaM grahoM ko apane yogya sthAnoM para hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke lie zravaNa, dhaniSThA, hasta, mRgazirA, azvinI, revatI, svAti, citrA aura punarvasu uttama nakSatra mAne gae haiN| usameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki mekhalA kA baMdhana (brahmacArI ke kaTibhAga para mUMja jAti ke ghAsa kA banAyA huA kaMdorA pahanAnA) aura usakA mocana mRgazirA, revatI, zravaNa, dhaniSThA, hasta, svAti, citrA, puSya aura AzvinI-ina nakSatroM meM karanA caahie| yaha saMskAra karate samaya yaha bhI dhyAna rakhA jAnA cAhie ki varNAdhipa balavAn ho athavA sabhI vargoM ke guru, candra aura sUrya ke yoga balavAna hoN| ina yogoM meM kiyA gayA saMskAra hitakArI hotA hai| jisa dina bRhaspativAra ho, bRhaspati balavAna ho yA kendra meM ho, to vaha dina brAhmaNoM ke saMskAra ke lie zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| isa saMskAra ke lie kaunasA graha kisa sthAna para honA cAhie tathA una grahoM kA zubha-azubha phala kyA hotA hai? isa sambandha meM aura bhI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM Age yaha batAyA hai ki pUrvokta uttama nakSatroM meM, maMgalavAra ko chor3akara anya vAroM meM, zubha tithi meM, dina zuddhi se yukta dina meM aura zubha lagna meM tathA vivAha saMskAra ke lie jo nakSatra, dina aura mAsa Adi tyAjya hoM, unako choDakara paMcama lagna meM yaha saMskAra sampanna karanA caahie|60 ___ digambara paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra ravi, soma, budha, guru, zukra-ina vAroM meM evaM hasta, azvinI, punarvasu, puSya, uttarAtraya, rohiNI, AzleSA, svAti, zravaNa, dhaniSThA, zatabhiSA, mUla, revatI, mRgazirA, citrA, anurAdhA, ArdrA, pUrvAtraya-ina nakSatroM meM karanA caahie| unake mata meM yaha saMskAra sAmUhika rUpa se rakSAbandhana ke dina bhI kiyA jAtA hai|61 vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke lie vibhinna mAsoM, RtuoM evaM pakSoM ko pramukhatA dI gaI hai| vRddhagArgya ne mAgha se lekara cha: mAsa upanayana ke lie upayukta mAne haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne pratipadA, caturthI, saptamI, aSTamI, navamI,

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202...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana trayodazI, caturdazI, pUrNamAsI evaM amAvasyA kI tithiyA~ prAya: tyAjya mAnI haiN| vAroM meM- budha, bRhaspati, zukra, nakSatroM meM- hasta, citrA, svAti, puSya, dhaniSThA, azvinI, mRgazirA, punarvasu, zravaNa evaM revatI zreSTha mAne gae haiN| inake sivAya jaba zukra sUrya ke ati nikaTa ho, sUrya rAzi ke prathama aMza meM ho, taba anadhyAya ke dinoM meM tathA galagraha meM upanayana karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|62 sAdhAraNata: jina mAsoM meM sUrya uttarAyaNa meM ho, ve mAsa upanayana ke lie zreSTha batalAe gae haiN|63 vaizya bAlakoM ke lie dakSiNAyana mAsa bhI vihita hai| vaidika granthoM meM vibhinna vargoM ke upanayana ke lie vibhinna Rtue~ nizcita kI gaIM haiM jaise ki brAhmaNa kA upanayana basanta meM, kSatriya kA grISma meM, vaizya kA zaradaRtu meM tathA rathakAra kA upanayana varSARtu meM karanA caahie|64 ye vibhinna Rtue~ vibhinna vargoM ke svabhAva tathA vyavasAya kA pratIka haiN| paravartI lekhakoM ne vibhinna mAsoM ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna guNoM kA yoga bhI kiyA hai| jaise ki jisa bAlaka kA upanayana mAgha-mAsa meM kiyA jAtA hai, vaha samRddha hotA hai, phAlguna meM upanIta karane para buddhimAna, caitra meM upanIta hone para vedoM meM niSNAta, vaizAkha meM upanayana karane se samasta sukha-bhogoM se sampanna, jyeSTha meM prAjJa va zreSTha aura ASAr3ha meM zatruoM para mahAn vijayI tathA vikhyAta mahApaNDita hotA hai|65 ina mAsoM meM bhI zukla pakSa ko saMskAra ke lie pradhAna batAyA gayA hai|is prakAra vaidika granthoM meM tithi, vAra yA nakSatrAdi kI apekSA sUrya ke uttarAyaNa mahIne upanayana ke lie sarvazreSTha kahe gae haiN| upanayana saMskAra hetu zAstra varNita kAla yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie? tathA kisa Ayu taka yaha saMskAra kiyA jA sakatA hai? ityAdi viSaya meM adhyayana karate haiM to yaha vidita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra yaha saMskAra (garbhAdhAna yA janma se lekara) brAhmaNoM ko AThaveM varSa meM, kSatriyoM ko gyArahaveM varSa meM aura vezyoM ko bArahaveM varSa meM karanA caahie|66 digambara granthoM meM upanIti saMskAra kA samaya bAlaka ke garbha se AThavA~ varSa mAnA gayA hai|67 vaidika granthoM kA sAdhAraNa niyama yaha hai ki brAhmaNa kA upanayana garbhAdhAna yA janma se lekara AThaveM varSa meM, kSatriya kA gyArahaveM varSa meM tathA vaizya kA bArahaveM varSa meM karanA caahie|68 apavAda svarUpa solahaveM, bAIsaveM evaM

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...203 caubIsaveM varSa taka bhI upanayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| kucha smRtiyoM ne kama avasthA meM bhI upanayana karanA svIkAra kiyA hai| yAjJavalkya ne isa sambandha meM kula dharma ko pramukha mAnA hai| isa taraha isa saMskAra ko sampanna karane hetu vibhinna kAla mAne gae haiM, parantu unameM sabase pahalA mata adhika prAsaMgika hai, kyoMki vaha mata tInoM paramparAoM ko mAnya hai| upanayana saMskAra meM prayukta Avazyaka sAmagrI upanayana saMskAra ke lie nimna sAmagrI ko paramAvazyaka mAnA hai| usakI sUcI isa prakAra hai pauSTikakarma ke upakaraNa, mauMjI(mekhalA), kaupIna, valkala, upavIta, suvarNa kI aMgUThI, gau, zrIsaMgha kA ekatrita honA, tIrtha ke jala, vastra, candana, darbha, paMcagavya(gAya kA dUdha, dahI, ghRta, mUtra, gobara), balikarma ke yogya vastue~, vedI, caukI-bAjoTa, tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI caumukhI pratimA aura palAza vRkSa kA dNdd|69 ___digambara sAhitya meM isa saMskAra ke lie upayogI sAmagrI kA pRthaka rUpa se koI ullekha nahIM hai| vaidika granthoM meM upanayana saMskAra ke lie nimna sAmagrI ko anivArya mAnA hai| bAraha rolI(kuMkuma), sAta maulI, paccIsa kesara, tIna patAzA akhaMDa cAvala, bAraha puSpa, puSpamAlA, tIna dhUpa, eka dIpa, akhaNDa sAta tAMbUla, nau yajJopavIta, tIna praNItApAtra, cha:kAMsyapAtra, eka chAyApAtra, eka suvarNa, eka kuzA, eka suvA, pA~ca pUrNapAtra, pA~ca dhotI, do kaupIna, pA~ca mRgacarma, palAzadaNDa, gularazAkhA, eka muMjI kI mekhalA, eka suhAlIyA zera, ATha puravA(miTTI ke sakore), ATha laTiyA, do nAriyala, eka paTTI, eka cagera, pA~ca lAThI, eka guthalI, do kasArU, ghRta, tila, dahI, gyAraha supArI, sAta Amapallava Adi vRkSa ke patte, eka aMjana, eka darpaNa, pA~ca vasu, dasa durvA done, abIra cha:zveta, bAhmaNa bhojana-dakSiNA, paccIsa paMcaraMga aadi| vividha paramparAoM meM carcita upanayana saMskAra vidhi zvetAmbara- zvetAmbara paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra kI nimna vidhi pratipAdita hai?1

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204...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * sarvaprathama apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra upanayana yogya puruSa ko sAta, pA~ca yA tIna dina tela kA mardana karavAkara snAna kraaeN| * usake bAda gRhastha guru lagna dina meM usake ghara Akara brahmamuhUrta meM puSTikarma kreN| * phira upanayana yogya puruSa ke sira para zikhA ko chor3akara zeSa bAloM kA muMDana kraaeN| * usake bAda yogya bhUmi para vedI sthApanA kreN| use madhya meM caukora rkheN| phira vedI kI pratiSThA kreN| . usake Upara caumukhajI kI pratimA sthApita kara usakI pUjA kreN| * tadanantara upanayana yogya puruSa vedI (samavasaraNa) kI tIna pradakSiNA kreN| * usake bAda pazcima dizAbhimukha jinabiMba ke sAmane baiThakara guru evaM upanayana saMskArI zakrastava boleN| isI taraha tIna-tIna pradakSiNA dekara kramaza: uttara, pUrva aura dakSiNa dizA ke sammukha rahe hue jinabimba ke Age bhI zakrastava bolakara caityavandana kreN| . usa samaya maMgalagIta aura vAdiMtra Adi kA vAdana hote rahanA caahie| nagara meM yadi AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu Adi virAjamAna hoM, to unheM bhI AmaMtrita kreN| * tadanantara upanayana saMskAra prAraMbha karane ke lie gRhastha guru veda mantra (jaina maMtra) kA uccAraNa kare tathA jisakA upanayana saMskAra kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha bAlaka yA puruSa hAtha meM dUrvA aura phala lekara jinapratimA ke Age khar3e raheM evaM mantra ko sune| ___"OM arha, arhadbhyo namaH, siddhebhyo namaH, AcAryebhyo nama:, upAdhyAyebhyo namaH, sAdhubhyo namaH, jJAnAya namaH, darzanAya namaH, cAritrAya nama:, saMyamAya namaH, satyAya namaH, zaucAya namaH, brahmacaryAya namaH, AkiMcanyAya namaH, tapase namaH, zamAya namaH, mArdavAya namaH, ArjavAya namaH, muktaye namaH, dharmAya namaH, saMdhAya namaH, saiddhAntikebhyo namaH, dharmopadezakebhyo nama:, vAdilabdhibhyo namaH, aSTAMganimittkSebhyo namaH, tapasvibhyo namaH, vidyAdharebhyo namaH, ihalokasiddhebhyo namaH, kavibhyo namaH, labdhimadUbhyo namaH, brahmacAribhyo namaH, niSparigrahebhyo namaH, dayAlubhyo namaH, satyavAdibhyo namaH, ni:spRhebhyo namaH, etebhyo namaskRtyA'yaM prANI prAptamanuSyajanmA pravizati varNakramam arha OMA~" ___* usake bAda puna: pUrvavata caumukha pratimA kI tIna pradakSiNA karake gRhastha guru evaM upanayana yogya puruSa donoM hI cAroM dizAoM meM NamutthuNaM sUtra boleN|

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa... 205 * phira upanayana yogya puruSa ko AyaMbila kA pratyAkhyAna kraaeN| hRdaya-kaTi - lalATa para rekhA - tatpazcAta guru upanayana yogya puruSa ko apanI bAIM ora biThAkara amRta maMtra se abhimantrita sarva tIrthoM ke jala dvArA abhisiMcita kreN| * phira namaskAramaMtra par3hakara usa puruSa ko pratimA ke Age pUrvAbhimukha bitthaaeN| * gRhastha guru caMdana ko abhimantrita kreN| usake bAda usa caMdana ke dvArA upanayana icchuka puruSa ke hRdaya para yajJopavIta rUpa, kaTi meM mekhalA rUpa (kaMdorA rUpa) aura lalATa para tilaka rUpa rekhA aMkita kre| * usake bAda vaha puruSa 'namo'stu namo'stu' kahate hue guru ke caraNoM meM jhuke aura punaH khar3e hokara kahe"bhagavan! varNarahito'smi, AcArarahito'smi, mantrarahito'smi, guNarahito'smi, dharmarahito'smi, zaucarahito'smi, brahmarahito'smi, devarSipitRtithikarmasu niyojaya mAm'" mekhalA baMdhana- usake bAda punaH 'namostu- namostu' kahate hue gRhastha guru ke caraNoM meM gire, taba guru maMtroccAra pUrvaka coTI se pakar3akara use khar3A kare / usake bAda pratimA ke Age pUrva dizA ke sammukha khar3A kre| * tadanantara mUMja kI mekhalA ko apane donoM hAthoM meM rakhakara nimna maMtra kA uccAraNa karate hue use abhimantrita kre| * mekhalA (kaMdorA ) ko abhimantrita karane kA yaha mantra hai - "OM arhaM Atman! dehin ! jJAnAvaraNena baddho'si, darzanAvaraNena baddho'si, vedanIyena baddho'si, mohanIyena baddho'si, AyuSA baddho'si, nAmnA baddho'si, gotreNa baddho'si, antarAyeNa baddho'si, karmoSTaka prakRtisthitirasapradezairbaddhosi tanmocayati tvAM bhagavatorhataH pravacana cetanA tad budhyasva mAmuhaH, mucyatAM tava karmabandhanamanena mekhalA bandhena arha OM" * usake bAda gRhastha guru upanayana saMskArI kI kaTi meM naugunI mekhalA ko baaNdhe| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki brAhmaNa ke lie ikyAsI hAtha kI, kSatriya ke lie caupana hAtha kI aura vaizya ke lie sattAIsa hAtha kI mekhalA kA vidhAna hai| brAhmaNa ko naugunI, kSatriya ko chaH gunI aura vaizya ko tInagunI mekhalA bAMdhanI caahie| kaupIna grahaNa - zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mekhalA (mauMjI), kaupIna evaM jinopavIta ke pUjana, gIta Adi aura rAtri jAgaraNa-ye saba pUrva dina kI

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206...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rAtri meM karanA caahie| * mekhalA baMdhana hone ke bAda gRhastha guru eka beMta(bAraha aMgula parimANa) caur3A aura tIna beMta parimANa laMbA kaupIna (laMgoTa-dhotI) donoM hAthoM meM lekara nimna mantra se abhimantrita kreN| kaupIna ko abhimantrita karane kA mantra yaha hai "OM aha~ Atman dehin matijJAnAvaraNena, zrutajJAnAvaraNena, avadhijJAnAvaraNena, manaH paryAyAvaraNena, kevalajJAnAvaraNena, indriyAvaraNena, cittAvaraNena aavRto'si| tanmucyatAM tavAvaraNam anenA''varaNena arha OMA~" phira upanayana yogya puruSa ko kaTi mekhalA ke nIce kaupIna phinaae| jinopavIta dhAraNa- usake bAda jisakA upanayana icchuka 'namo'stunamo'stu' bolate hue guru ke caraNoM meM jhuke| * phira pUrvavata tIna-tIna pradakSiNA dekara cAroM dizA meM jinabimba ke sammukha NamutthuNasUtra bole| * usake bAda zubha lagna ke Ane para guru pUrvokta jinopavIta ko apane hAtha meM grahaNa kare, taba ziSya mantra pUrvaka yajJopavIta pahanAne kA nivedana kre| nivedana mantra isa prakAra hai 'bhagavan! varNojjhito'smi, jJAnojjhito'smi, kriyojjhito'smi, tajjinopavItadAnena mAM varNa-jJAna kriyAsu smaaropye'smi|" / * puna: guru caraNoM meM gire| 'OM aha~ dehin!' ityAdi pUrvokta mantra pUrvaka guru use khar3A kreN| * usake bAda apane dAeM hAtha meM jinopavIta rakhakara mantra se abhimantrita kreN| yajJopavIta abhimantraNa mantra yaha hai brAhmaNa mantra- "OM aha~ navabrahmaguptI: svakaraNa- kAraNA'numatIrdhArayaH, tadanantaramakSacyamastu te vratam, sva-parataraNa- tAraNasamartho bhava arha OMA" kSatriya mantra- "OM aha~ navabrahmaguptIH svakaraNa-kAraNAbhyAM dhAraye:, tadanantaramakSayyamastu te vratam, svasya taraNasamarthoM bhava arha aaN" - vaizya mantra- 'OM arha navabrahmaguptIH svakaraNena dhAraye:, tadanantaramakSayyamastu te vratam, svasya taraNasamartho bhava aha~ uuN|" ullekhya hai ki varNa evaM yogyatA kI apekSA se brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya ke lie jinopavIta ko abhimantrita karane ke bhinna-bhinna mantra kahe gae haiN| sAtha hI upanayana saMskAra jisa varNa ke vyakti kA ho, usake varNAnusAra upavIta ko mantrita kara usake kaMTha meM phnaaeN|

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...207 AzIrvAda evaM mantra zravaNa- usake bAda upanIta ziSya gRhastha guru kI tIna pradakSiNA de| "namo'stu-namo'stu" kahakara guru caraNoM meM namaskAra kre| taba guru 'nistArapArago bhava' kahate hue AzIrvAda pradAna kre| . tadanantara gRhastha guru jinapratimA ke Age baiThakara aura ziSya ko apane bAIM ora baiThAkara gaMdha aura akSata se pUjita usake dAhine kAna meM acintya prabhAvazAlI paMcaparameSThI maMtra ko tIna bAra sunAeM tathA ziSya dvArA bhI tIna bAra vaha mantra uccArita krvaaeN| phira navakAra mantra kA mAhAtmya sunaaeN| * puna: upanIta ziSya guru ko namaskAra kre| . usake bAda guru ko svarNa kA jinopavIta, sapheda rezamI vastra aura svarNa kI mauMjI yathAzakti pradAna kreN| sakala saMgha kA bhI tAMbUla vastra Adi dvArA satkAra kreN| vratAdeza vidhi zvetAmbara paramparA meM tInoM vargoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak vratAdeza vidhi kahI gaI hai| yahA~ vratAdeza kA tAtparya hai - brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizya ko apane-apane varNa ke anusAra pAlana karane yogya niyamoM kI pratijJA dilaanaa| isa vratAdeza ke avasara para sarvaprathama jinopavIta saMskArI ko nizcita avadhi ke lie palAzakASTha kA daMDa diyA jAtA hai tathA hAtha meM mudrikA pahanAI jAtI hai| ___palAza kASThadaMDa pradAna- yaha vidhi jinopavIta saMskAra ke dina Ayojita utsava meM pratimA ke sammukha kre| * sarvaprathama gRhastha guru upanIta ke deha para se uttarIya vastra ko dUra kareM aura kAlA mRgacarma, vRkSa kA valkala yA vastra phnaaeN| * phira usake hAtha meM palAza-kASTha kA daMDa deM aura use nimna maMtra se abhimantrita kreN| palAza kASThadaMDa ko abhimantrita karane kA mantra isa prakAra hai72- "OM arha brahmacaryasi, brahmacAriveSo'si, avadhibrahmacaryo'si, dhRtabrahmacaryo'si, dhRtAjinadaNDo'si, buddho'si, prabuddho'si, dhRtasamyakatvo'si, dRr3hasamyaktvo'si, pumAnasi, sarvapUjyo'si, tadavadhibrahmavratam AgurunidezaM dhAraye: aha~ mA~" / mudrikA dhAraNa- usake bAda upanIta ko vyAghracarma yA kASThAsana ke Upara bitthaaeN| * phira usake dAhine hAtha kI tarjanI aMgulI meM darbha sahita svarNa kI aMgUThI phnaaeN| vaha bhI solaha mAsA parimANa honI caahie|73 * phira usa

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208... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mudrikA ko mantrita kre| mudrikA abhimantraNa kA mantra yaha haipavitraM durlabhaM loke, surAsuranRvallabham / suvarNaM hanti pApAni, mAlinyaM ca na saMzayaH / / jinopavIta anujJA vidhi - usake bAda upanIta brahmacArI namaskAramantra kA uccAraNa karate cAroM dizAoM meM gaMdha, puSpa, akSata, dhUpa, dIpa aura naivedya se jinapratimA kI pUjA kre| * phira jinapratimA aura guru ko pradakSiNA karake vandana pUrvaka guru se nivedana kare - mujhe upanIta kiyA gayA hai kyA? merA vrata bandha ho gayA hai kyA ? mujhe brAhmaNa Adi jAti meM sthira kara liyA hai kyA ? mujhe navabrahmagupti rUpa ratnatraya ke pAlana karane, karavAne evaM anujJA dene kI anumati dI jA cukI hai kyA? ina sabhI praznoM kA gRhastha guru uttara de aura use anumati pradAna kre| * yaha vratAdeza vidhi brAhmaNa kI apekSA se kahI gaI hai| kucha matAntara ke sAtha kSatriya evaM vaizya kI vratAdeza vidhi bhI isI prakAra hotI hai| kSatriya kI vratAdeza vidhi meM 'Adeza aura samAdeza' donoM kaheM, anujJA na khe| vaizya ke lie 'Adeza' hI kahe, samAdeza aura anujJA- donoM nahIM kheN| brAhmaNa vratAdeza vidhi- usake bAda upanIta brahmacArI vratAdeza karane kA nivedana kare- taba gRhastha guru brAhmaNa ke lie isa prakAra vratAdeza kareM arthAta niyama dilAyeM - tuma parameSThI mahAmantra kA sadaiva smaraNa karanA, tInoM kAla arihaMta deva kI pUjA karanA, sAta bAra caityavaMdana karanA chAne hue pAnI se snAna karanA, dvidala kA sevana mata karanA, cAroM Aryaveda vidhi pUrvaka par3hanA, satya bolanA, apanI jAti meM bhI mithyAtvI aura mAMsAhArI ke ghara para bhojana nahIM karanA, upavIta, svarNamudrA aura aMtarIya vastra ko kabhI mata chor3anA, vratAropaNa ko chor3akara avazeSa pandraha saMskAra nirgrantha guru kI AjJA se karanA, samyaktva meM dRr3ha rahanA, anArya deza meM mata jAnA, triyoga kI zuddhi rakhanA, yAvajjIvana ina vratoM/niyamoM kA pAlana karanA, kRSi, pazupAlana evaM sevAvRtti nahIM karanA, satya bolanA, prANI rakSA karanA evaM dUsare kI strI evaM dhana kI icchA nahIM karanA, kaSAyoM evaM viSayoM kA, duHkha Ane para bhI sevana nahIM karanA, apakva anna mata khAnA, nagara meM bhramaNa karate hue kisI kI kAyA se sparza mata karanA, svayaM ke dvArA banAyA huA hI bhojana karanA, jina - pratimA kI pratiSThA Adi

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...209 karavAnA, nirgrantha kI AjJA se pratyAkhyAna karanA aura anya ko krvaanaa| kSatriya vratAdeza vidhi- brAhmaNa kI vratAdeza vidhi ke samAna hI kSatriya kI vratAdeza vidhi kahI jAtI haiN| isameM yuddha Adi se sambandhita kucha niyama vizeSa rUpa se kahe jAte haiN| vidhi pUrvaka sAdhuoM kI upAsanA krnaa| gRhasthoM ke dvAdaza vratoM kA pAlana krnaa| zatruoM se ghirI huI yuddha bhUmi meM vIra rasa ko dhAraNa krnaa| yuddha meM mauta kA bhaya bilkula bhI nahIM rkhnaa| deva, guru aura mitra kI rakSA ke nimitta evaM deza kA vibhAjana hone kI sthiti meM (yuddha meM) mRtyu ko bhI sahana krnaa| zaurya dvArA bhUmi arjana karane vAloM ke lie duSToM kA nigraha karanA aadi|74 vaizya vratAdeza vidhi- yaha vratAdeza vidhi prAya: brAhmaNa vratAdeza kI taraha hI hotI haiN| isameM pazupAlana, khetI evaM vyApAra se sambandhita kucha niyama atirikta dilAe jAte haiN|75 caturvarNa vratAdeza vidhi- brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra ina caturvarNI adhikAriyoM ke lie samAna rUpa se pAlana karane yogya niyama isa prakAra haiM-deva kI arcanA, sAdhuoM kI pUjA tathA brAhmaNa evaM saMnyAsiyoM ko praNAma krnaa| nyAya-nIti dvArA dhana upArjana karanA evaM paraniMdA kA tyAga krnaa| kabhI bhI kisI kI, AlocanA (avarNavAda) nahIM krnaa| jisa deza meM pAnI kI kamI ho, nadI na ho evaM guru yoga na milatA ho, vahA~ nivAsa nahIM krnaa| rAjA, sarpa, nIca, maMtrI, strI, nadI, lobhI vyakti evaM pUrva ke vairiyoM kA kabhI bhI vizvAsa nahIM krnaa| kabhI bhI asatya evaM ahitakara vacana nahIM bolnaa| kisI se vivAda nahIM krnaa| satzAstroM kA hI zravaNa krnaa| hIna aMga vAle evaM vikalAgoM kA kabhI upahAsa nahIM krnaa| cha: zatruoM(krodha, mAna, mAyA, mada, lobha, matsara) para vijaya prApta krnaa| guNAnurAgI bnnaa| dezAnurUpa lokAcAra kA pAlana krnaa| dUradarzitA, kRtajJatA evaM lajjA ko apnaanaa| apane aura parAe kA viveka rkhnaa| saMdhyA ke samaya me, jalAzaya meM (jalAzaya ke kinAre) zmazAna meM aura devAlaya meM nidrA, AhAra evaM saMbhoga-kriyA nahIM krnaa| kue~ meM praveza, kue~ kA ullaMghana evaM kue~ ke kinAre zayana-ina sabakA varjana krnaa| binA nAva ke nadI pAra nahIM krnaa| durjanoM kI sabhA meM evaM jahA~ kukarma hote hoM, una sthAnoM para kabhI nahIM baitthnaa| gaDDhe Adi ko nahIM lAMghanA evaM duSTa svAmI kI sevA nahIM

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210... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana * krnaa|76 divasa meM sahavAsa nahIM karanA evaM rAta ko vRkSa ke pAsa nahIM rahanA / vratAdeza-vidhi sampanna hone para ziSya jinabimba kI pradakSiNA kare / pUrvadizA ke sammukha hokara NamutthuNasUtra bole / * phira 'namo'stu' zabda pUrvaka namaskAra kara guru se nivedana kareM - "he bhagavan! Apake dvArA mujhe vratAdeza diyA gayA hai" taba guru kahe - 'dattaH sugRhIto'stu, surakSito'stu / svayaM tara, parAn tAraya saMsAra saagraat'| phira guru aura ziSya - donoM caityavandana kreN| * AcArya vardhamAnasUri ne vratAdezadhArI brahmacArI ke lie kucha niyama isa prakAra batAe haiM-daMDa aura valkala ko dhAraNa kiyA huA brAhmaNa ATha varSa se lekara solaha varSa taka bhikSAvRtti dvArA jIvana nirvAha kare / kSatriya dasa varSa se lekara solaha varSa taka svayaM hI bhojana pkaaeN| vaizya bAraha varSa se lekara solaha varSa taka svakRta bhojana hI kre| yadi itane dina pUrvokta prakAra se rahanA saMbhava na ho to cha: mAha, eka mAha, pandraha dina, tIna dina taka rahe, utanA bhI zakya na ho to usI dina vrata visarga kare | vrata visarga vidhi yahA~ vrata visarga kA tAtparya hai - nirdiSTa avadhi ke pUrNa hone para mauMjI, kaupIna, valkala aura daMDa kA visarjana karanA yAnI pUrvagRhIta ina vastuoM kA tyAga krnaa| 77 * vrata-visarga karane vAlA upanIta ziSya tIna-tIna pradakSiNA pUrvaka cA dizAoM meM pUrvavata zakrastava pATha dvArA caityavaMdana kre| * phira guru se vrata visarga kA Adeza leN| taba guru mantra pUrvaka Adeza deN| * usake bAda ziSya namaskAramantra kA smaraNa karate hue mekhalA, kaupIna, valkala aura daMDa ko guru ke Age rakha de| * usake bAda gRhastha guru ziSya ke lie upanayana kI mahimA kA vyAkhyAna kre| usameM yaha batAeM ki sarvaprathama zrIRSabhadeva prabhu ne tIna varNoM ke lie yaha upavIta dhAraNa karane hetu kahA thaa| usake bAda tIrthoccheda hone se brAhmaNa mithyAtvI ho ge| unhoMne hiMsA kI prarUpaNA kI / vasurAja ne hiMsaka yajJa mArga calAyA, taba se jinopavIta ko 'yajJopavIta' kahA jAne lagA, parantu jaina paramparA meM isakA nAma jinopavIta hI hai ata: tumheM isako acchI taraha se dhAraNa karanA caahie| * yadi pramAdavaza jinopavIta nikala jAe yA TUTa jAe, to tIna

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...211 upavAsa karake nayA dhAraNa karanA caahie| * preta-kriyA meM dAhine kandhe para aura bAIM kA~kha ke nIce isa prakAra viparIta krama se dhAraNa karanA cAhie, kyoMki vaha viparIta kArya hai| isI krama meM godAna vidhi, zUdra ko uttarIya vastra dene kI vidhi, baTakaraNa vidhi bhI kahI gaI hai| ina vidhiyoM kA svarUpa AcAradinakara nAmaka grantha se jAnanA caahie| digambara- digambara paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra kI nimnalikhita vidhi prApta hotI hai sarvaprathama upanayana saMskAra icchuka bAlaka jinAlaya meM arihanta deva kI pUjA kre| phira usa bAlaka ko vrata (abhigraha niyama) dilvaaeN| usake bAda usake kamara meM tIna lar3a kI banI huI mUMja kI rassI baaNdhe| phira vratoM ke cihna svarUpa aura mantroM se pavitra kiyA huA sUtra-yajJopavIta phnaaeN| yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane para vaha bAlaka dvija kahalAtA hai| pahale to vaha janma se hI brAhmaNa thA aura aba vratoM se saMskRta hokara dUsarI bAra utpanna huA hai, isalie use dvija kahA jAtA hai| usa samaya guru dvArA usa upanIta ko aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata dilavAnA caahie| isa avasara para usake AcaraNa ke yogya aura bhI nAma rakhe jA sakate haiN|78 isa paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra kI sAmAnya rUpa se yahI vidhi upalabdha hai| paravartIkAla meM isameM homAdi anuSThAna bhI sammilita kara die gae haiN| upanayana saMskArI kI vizeSa kriyAe~- digambara paramparA meM upanIta sira para coTI rakhatA hai, sapheda dhotI pahanatA hai, sapheda dupaTTA rakhatA hai, mekhalA bAMdhatA hai aura jaba taka vivecana karatA hai, taba taka brahmacaryavrata kA pAlana karatA hai| digambara sAhitya meM yaha bhI ullekha AtA hai ki usa dina rAjaputra ko chor3akara zeSa ko bhikSAvRtti se nirvAha karanA cAhie aura rAjapatra ko bhI antaHpura meM jAkara mAtA Adi se kisI pAtra meM bhikSA mAMganI cAhie kyoMki usa samaya bhikSA mAMgane kA niyama rahA hai, sAtha hI bhikSA meM jo kucha prApta ho, usakA agrabhAga arihaMtadeva ko samarpita kara zeSa bacA huA AhAra svayaM ko grahaNa karanA caahie| digambara mAnyatAnusAra upanIta yogya bAlaka ko nimna mantroM se saMskArita kiyA jAtA hai| inheM AzIrvAda mantra bhI kahA gayA hai/9

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212... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramArSiliMgabhAgIbhava, "paramanistArakaliMgabhAgIbhava, paramendraliMgabhAgIbhava, paramarAjyaliMgabhAgIbhava, paramArhantyaliMgabhAgIbhava, prnirvaannliNgbhaagiibhv|" yajJopavIta pahanane kA mantra- "OM namaH paramazAMtAya zAntikarAya pavitrI kRtArhaM ratnatrayasvarUpaM yajJopavItaM dadhAmi mama gAtraM pavitraM bhavatu arhaM namaH svaahaa|"80 vaidika - vaidika paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA nimna svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai| yahA~ upanayana vidhi prAcIna svarUpa kI dRSTi se kahI jA rahI hai, vartamAna meM bhI yaha svarUpa maujUda hai, parantu kriyAkANDoM meM kucha parivartana avazya Ae haiN| pUrvakAla meM upanayana saMskAra kA rUpa atyanta sAdhAraNa thaa| usa samaya vedAdhyayana eka pIr3hI se dUsarI pIr3hI taka kramabaddha rUpa meM calatA thaa| pitA svayaM hI guru kA kArya karatA thA ataH unake lie kI jAne vAlI aupacArikatAe~ svabhAvataH sImita hI thiiN| jaba vaidika kAla kA anta hone lagA taba upanayana saMskAra durUha sA ho gayA tathA karmakANDa ke aneka aMga vikasita ho ge| gRhyasUtra upanayana saMskAra meM vikasita svarUpa ke vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vizada varNana karate haiN| 81 vikAsa krama meM aneka avaidika tathA laukika tattva bhI isameM samAviSTa ho ge| prArambhika kRtya - pUrvakAla meM upanayana saMskAra kA prArambha karane ke lie eka maNDapa kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| 82 saMskAra ke eka dina pUrva aneka paurANika vidhi-vidhAna kie jAte the| maMgala ke devatA gaNeza kI ArAdhanA tathA zrI, lakSmI, medhA, sarasvatI Adi deviyoM kA pUjana kiyA jAtA thaa| 83 upanayana ke pUrva rAtri ko bAlaka ke zarIra para haldI ke drava kA lepa kiyA jAtA thA aura usakI zikhA se eka cA~dI kI a~gUThI bA~dha dI jAtI thii| 84 isake pazcAt use sampUrNa rAtri pUrNa mauna rahakara vyatIta karanI hotI thii| yaha eka rahasyapUrNa vidhi thI, jo bAlaka ko dvitIya janma ke lie prastuta karatI thii| yahA~ pItavarNa garbha ke vAtAvaraNa kA dRzya upasthita karatA tathA pUrNa mauna avAk bhrUNa kA sUcaka thaa| sahabhoja - dUsare dina prAta: kAla mAtA aura putra sAtha - sAtha bhojana karate /

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...213 yaha hindU saMskAra meM eka asAdhAraNa vidhi thii| DaoN. altekara ke anusAra yaha bAlaka ke uttaradAyitvavihIna jIvana ke anta kA sUcaka thA tathA bAlaka ko yaha smaraNa karAtA thA ki aba use dAyitvapUrNa jIvana jInA hai|85 yaha mAtA aura putra kI vidAI kA bhoja bhI ho sakatA thA, kyoMki adhyayana hetu vaha dIrghakAla ke lie usase pRthak hone jA rahA thaa| isa avasara para mAtA kA hRdaya snehAsikta honA svAbhAvika thA aura usakI abhivyakti vaha usake sAtha bhojana karake hI kara sakatI thii| snAna- bhojana ke pazcAta mAtA-pitA bAlaka ko usa maNDapa meM le jAte the, jahA~ AhvAna-yogya agni pradIpta rahatI thI, vahA~ bAlaka kA muNDana hotA thaa| usake bAda bAlaka ko snAna karavAyA jAtA thaa| yaha kriyA pratyeka saMskAra ke lie anivArya mAnI gaI, kyoMki snAna se saMskArya vyakti ke mana aura dehadonoM zuddha ho jAte haiN| kaupIna- snAna ke anantara guhyaaMgoM ko r3hakane ke lie kaupIna pahanAyA jAtA thaa| usake bAda vaha AcArya ke nikaTa jAtA aura brahmacArI hone kI icchA vyakta karatA thaa|86 AcArya usakI prArthanA svIkAra kara mantra ke sAtha uttarIyavastra detA thaa| vaha mantra nimna hai-'jisa prakAra bRhaspati ne indra ko amRtatva kA vastra diyA, usI prakAra maiM dIrghAyuSya, dIrgha jIvana, zakti aura aizvarya ke lie yaha vastra detA huuN| yaha sAmAnya ziSTAcAra hai ki dhArmika-kRtyoM meM zarIra kA UparI bhAga vastra se AvRtta rahanA cAhie ata: bhAvI vidyArthI ko uttarIya diyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna sAhitya se jJAta hotA hai ki mUlataH isa avasara para diyA jAne vAlA uttarIya mRgacarma hotA thaa| mRgacarma ko AdhyAtmika tathA bauddhika-sarvoccatA kA pratIka mAnA hai| isake mAdhyama se brahmacArI ko anavarata rUpa se yaha smaraNa karAyA jAtA thA ki use Adarza, cAritravAn va gambhIra bananA hai| kAlakrama meM jaba Arya kRSaka baneM, kAtane evaM bunane kI kalA astitva meM AI, to vidyArthI ko kapAsa kA vastra diyA jAne lgaa| gRhyasUtroM meM vibhinna voM ke lie vibhinna padArthoM se nirmita vastroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| brAhmaNa kA vastra zaNa se nirmita, kSatriya kA kSauma, vaizya kA kutapa yA kuza kA honA caahie|88 vaikalpika rUpa se sabhI vargoM ke lie kapAsa kA vastra vihita thaa| samprati, sabhI dvijAtiyoM ko haridrA meM raMge hue kapAsa ke sUtI vastra die jAte haiN|

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214...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mekhalA- kaupIna ke anantara AcArya bAlaka kI kaTi ke cAroM aura mantra ke sAtha mekhalA bA~dhatA thaa| vaha mantra yaha hai-"pApa ko dUra rakhatI huI, zodhaka kI bhA~ti manuSyoM ko zuddha karatI huI, zvAsa tathA prazvAsa kI zakti se svayaM ko AvRtta karatI huI, bhaginI mekhalA mere nikaTa AI hai|89'' yaha mekhalA tihare sUtra se banAI jAtI thI, vaha isakA pratIka hai ki brahmacArI sarvadA tIna vedoM se AvRtta rhe| uttarIya vastra kI bhA~ti mekhalA bhI bhinna-bhinna vargoM ke lie bhinna padArthoM se nirmita hotI thii| kahA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa kI mekhalA muMja kI, kSatriya kI dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA kI aura vaizya kI Una kI honI caahie| yaha mekhalA samAna, cikanI aura dekhane meM sundara honI caahie| yajJopavIta- mekhalA dhAraNa karane ke pazcAt brahmacArI ko upavItasUtra diyA jAtA thA, jo paravartI lekhakoM ke anusAra upanayana saMskAra kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aMga hai, jabaki prAcInatama kAla meM isakA pracalana nahIM thA, yaha gRhyasUtroM ke adhyayana se sarvathA spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kisI bhI gRhyasUtra meM upavItasUtra dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna nahIM hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki bAlaka ko diyA jAne vAlA uttarIya hI yajJopavIta kA pUrva rUpa hogA aura usase hI kAlAntara meM upavItasUtra kA janma huaa|90 dharmazAstroM ke niyamAnusAra brAhmaNa ko kapAsa kA, kSatriya ko sana kA aura vaizya ko bher3a ke Una kA upavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie tathA vaikalpika rUpa se sabhI vargoM ke lie kapAsa kA yajJopavIta vihita hai| sabhI vargoM ke lie bhinnabhinna raMga kA upavIta bhI kahA gayA hai| brAhmaNa zveta, kSatriya lAla aura vaizya pIlA yajJopavIta pahanate haiN| yajJopavIta ke sambandha meM yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki upavIta ko brAhmaNa kumArI kAtatI hai, brAhmaNa dvArA usameM gA~Tha dI jAtI hai, ye gA~The upavIta dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti ke pUrvajoM ke pravaroM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra dI jAtI haiN| isakI lambAI eka manuSya kI cAra aMguliyoM kI caur3AI kI 96 gunI hotI hai, jo usakI U~cAI ke barAbara hotI hai| cAra aMguliyA~ una cAra avasthAoM kI pratinidhi hai, jinakA anubhava manuSya samaya-samaya para karatA rahatA hai, ve haiM jAgRti, svapna, suSupti aura turiiy| upavIta ke tIna dhAge bhI pratIkAtmaka haiN| ve sattva, rajas va tamas kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, jinase sampUrNa vizva vikasita huA hai|

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ... 215 ajina - yajJopavIta kI vidhi ke anantara brahmacArI ko ajina diyA jAtA thaa| ajina zabda kA artha mRga athavA bakare Adi pazuoM ke carma se hai| pahalepahala ajina kA vyavahAra uttarIya ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA thA, kintu Age calakara isakA vyavahAra Asana ke lie hone lgaa| vibhinna vargoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke ajina ullikhita hue haiN| daNDa- AcArya vidyArthI ko eka daNDa bhI detA thaa| vaha daNDa yAtrI kA pratIka thA tathA use svIkAra karate samaya brahmacArI yaha prArthanA karatA thA ki vaha apanA dIrghajIvana evaM durgama yAtrA surakSita rUpa se sampanna kara ske| 91 eka lekhaka ke matAnusAra daNDa praharI kA pratIka thaa| daNDa pradAna kara vedoM kI rakSA kA karttavya sauMpA jAtA thA / katipaya AcAryoM ke anusAra daNDa kA prayojana kevala mAnavIya zatruoM se hI nahIM, bhUta-pretoM tathA duSTa zaktiyoM se bhI vidyArthI kI rakSA karanA thaa|deg? daNDa kA eka anya prayojana vidyArthI ko samidhA ekatra karane yA guru kI gAya Adi carAne ke lie vana meM jAte samaya athavA andhakAra meM yAtrA ke samaya Atmanirbhara banAnA bhI thaa| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki kaupIna, mekhalA aura yajJopavIta kI bhA~ti hI daNDa bhI vidyArthI ke varNa ke AdhAra para niyata thaa| brAhmaNa kA daMDa palAza kA, kSatriya kA daMDa udumbara kA aura vaizya kA daMDa vilva kA hotA thaa| 93 daNDa kI lambAI bhI vidyArthI ke varNa ke anusAra niyata thI / brAhmaNa kA daNDa usake kezoM ko, kSatriya kA daNDa lalATa ko sparza karatA thA tathA vaizya kA daNDa usakI nAsikA jitanA U~cA hotA thA / 94 pratIkAtmaka kRtya- prAcInakAla meM AcArya dvArA vidyArthI ko apane saMrakSaNa meM lene ke kucha pratIkAtmaka kRtya sampanna kie jAte the| jaise - AcArya apanI baMdhI huI aMjali meM jala lekara vidyArthI kI baMdhI huI aMjali meM eka mantra ke sAtha chor3atA thaa| yaha zucitva kA pratIka thaa| isake bAda mantra ke sAtha sUrya kA darzana karavAyA jAtA thaa| yaha ziSya ko avicala rUpa se karttavya pAlana kI zikSA detA thaa| isI krama meM AcArya ziSya ke dAhine kandhe kI ora mukha kara kucha bolate hue usake hRdaya kA sparza karatA thaa| isakA prayojana yaha thA ki AcArya aura ziSya ke bIca aupacArika nahIM, apitu yathArtha va pavitra sambandha hai| zikSAbhyAsa

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216...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana evaM zikSA-vikAsa ke lie isa tathya kI anubhUti honA paramAvazyaka thii| usake bAda vidyArthI ko prastara-khaNDa para ArUr3ha hone ke lie kahA jAtA thaa| yaha vidyArthI ko svAdhyAya meM drar3ha evaM sthira rahane kI preraNA pradAna karatA thA, kyoMki drar3ha-nizcayatA aura cAritra-bala hI vidyArthI jIvana ke lie sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiN| tadanantara AcArya vidyArthI kA dAhinA hAtha pakar3akara usake zikSaka kA nAma Adi pUchatA thA, phira usake adhyApana aura rakSA kI jimmedArI svIkAra karatA thaa| isake sAtha hI usase agni kI eka pradakSiNA aura usameM Ahuti dilavAI jAtI thii|95 vidyAdhyayana ke prArambha meM vidyArthI ko sAvitrI mantra kA upadeza diyA jAtA thaa|96 yaha sAvitrI mantra kA upadeza bAlaka ke dvitIya janma kA sUcaka thA, kyoMki AcArya bAlaka ke lie pitRsthAnIya aura sAvitrI mAtRsthAnIya mAnI jAtI thii| gAyatrI mantra ke upadeza ke pazcAta yajJIya-agni ko prathama bAra pradIpta karane tathA usameM Ahuti DAlane kA kRtya kiyA jAtA thaa| isa avasara para uccArita mantra atyanta mahattvapUrNa the| isake pazcAta vaha vidyArthI bhikSA mAMgakara apanA nirvAha karatA thaa| isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vividha vidhi-vidhAnoM evaM mahattvapUrNa anuSThAnoM ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jAtA thaa| AdhunikakAla meM upanayana ke zaikSaNika prayojana ke abhAva meM zaikSaNika mahattva ke vidhi-vidhAna bhI prAya: lupta se ho rahe haiN| isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki yaha vidhi zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika-tInoM paramparAoM meM vistRta rUpa se prApta hotI hai| upanayana saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke sArabhUta prayojana bAlaka jaba jJAna prApti yA vidyAdhyayana ke kSetra meM prathama kadama rakhatA hai, to vaha upanIta kahalAtA hai| upanayana saMskAra ke dvArA bAlaka ko vidyAdhyayana ke lie AcArya ke pAsa bhejA jAtA hai| usa samaya AcArya(guru) vividha kriyAkalApoM dvArA vidyArthI ke jIvana ko anuzAsita karatA hai, tana-mana evaM buddhi ko pavitra bhAvoM se saMskArita karatA hai| isa saMskAra kI pratyeka kriyA kisI na kisI uddezya se kI jAtI hai| upanayana saMbaMdhI kriyAkalApoM ke kucha prayojana isa prakAra haiM

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...217 mekhalA aura kaupIna dhAraNa kyoM? mekhalA aura kaupIna dhAraNa karane kA prayojana brahmacarya kA pAlana karate hue pratyeka kArya meM jAgarUka, nirAlasa evaM kartavya-pAlana meM kaTibaddha rahane kI preraNA denA hai| yaha zarIra zAstra kA niyama hai ki lar3akiyoM kI zArIrika-abhivRddhi bIsa varSa kI Ayu taka aura lar3akoM kI paccIsa varSa taka hotI hai| yaha samaya donoM ke lie sajagatA pUrvaka zakti ke saraMkSaNa kA hai, tAki unakA upayoga zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya kI nIMva pakkI karane meM ho ske| yaha avadhi vidyA par3hane evaM jIvana nirmANa karane kI hai| jo isa umra kA mUlya nahI samajhate haiM, ve eka prakAra se AtmahatyA hI karate haiN| kaupIna pahanAkara vrata dhAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai tathA brahmacarya ke mahattva ko samajhane kI preraNA dI jAtI hai| kamara meM mekhalA bAMdhane kA prayojana vahI hai, jo pulisa, phauja evaM sainika kamara meM paTTA bA~dhakara pUrA karate haiN| kamara bA~dhanA jAgarUkatA evaM satarkatA kA cihna hai| AlasI aura lAparavAha vyakti apanI hI kSati karate haiN| yadi jAgarUka cora aura lAparavAha caukIdAra meM tulanA kI jAe, to lAparavAha caukIdAra adhika heya mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki cora apanA kAma bhI banA letA hai aura jAgarUkatA ke kAraNa jahA~ rahatA hai vahA~ apanA nukasAna bhI nahIM hone detaa| isake viparIta lAparavAha caukIdAra na apanA kAma banA pAtA hai, na dUsaroM kA ata: Alasya cAhe zArIrika ho, cAhe mAnasika, use sAkSAt durbhAgya hI kahanA caahie| isa burI Adata se sarvathA bacA jAe, isake lie mekhalA pahanAte hue yajJopavItadhArI ko yaha preraNA dI jAtI hai ki vaha isa kArya kSetra meM sadA apane kartavyapAlana ke lie phaujI yA sainika kI taraha kaTibaddha rahe tathA jAgarUkatA aura satarkatA ko, sphUrti aura AzA ko, sAhasa aura dhairya ko, apanA saccA sahacara smjhe| daNDadhAraNa ke mukhya uddezya- yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane vAle ko kaupIna aura mekhalA ke uparAnta daNDa diyA jAtA hai| yaha lAThI kaIM prayojanoM ko lekara dI jAtI hai| isa lAThI ke mAdhyama se dainika upayoga meM kutte Adi se rakSA, pAnI kI thAha lenA, apanI zakti evaM sAhasikatA kA pradarzana Adi kaIM lAbha hote haiN| zastra-sajjA meM lAThI adhika vizvasta aura sarva sulabha hai| use sAtha rakhane se sAhasa bar3hatA hai| lAThI calAnA eka bahuta hI ucca-stara kA vyAyAma hai|

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218...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana usase deha-bala ke sAtha manobala bhI bar3hatA hai| hara dharmapremI ko anIti kA prabala virodha karane ke lie sadA tatpara rahanA cAhie, lAThI isI tatparatA kA eka pratIka hai| lAThI Amataura se bA~sa kI hotI hai| bA~sa kI aneka gA~The milakara pUrA daNDa banatA hai| isakA prayojana yaha hai ki aneka vyaktiyoM ke mila-julakara rahane se vipula zakti kA nirmANa hotA hai| saMgha zakti hI isa yuga meM sarvopari hai| usI ke dvArA dharma rakSA evaM adharma kA pratikAra saMbhava hai| ___daNDa, sattA evaM uttaradAyitva kA bhI pratIka hai| zAsanAdhyakSa ke hAtha meM eka 'daNDa' abhiSeka evaM zapatha grahaNa karate samaya sauMpA jAtA hai| yaha rAjasattA hAtha meM lene kA pratIka hai| pulisa tathA phauja ke variSTha aphasaroM ke hAtha meM bhI eka choTA sA daNDa rahatA hai, yaha rAjasattA ko sambhAle rahane kI bhAvanA kA pratIka hai| kitane hI saMnyAsI hAtha meM dharma daNDa rakhate haiN| isakA artha hai ki ve dharma rakSA kA uttaradAyitva apane hAtha evaM kandhoM para lie hue haiN| yajJopavItadhArI ke hAtha meM bhI yaha daNDa isa AzA ke sAtha sauMpA jAtA hai ki vaha AjIvana yaha uttaradAyitva anubhava kareM ki use vyaktigata jIvana meM hI dharmAtmA nahIM rahanA hai, varan samAja meM saMsAra meM jo adharma ho rahA hai, usakA pratikAra karane ke lie bhI yathAzakti prayatnazIla rahanA hai| sUrya darzana kI paramparA kyoM? vaidika paramparA meM vidyArthI ko sUrya darzana karavAnA Avazyaka kRtya mAnA gayA hai| sUrya darzana karate-karavAte hue sUrya ke samAna tejasvI bananA, gatizIla rahanA, loka kalyANa ke lie jIvana samarpita karanA, svayaM prakAzita honA, apane prakAza se dUsaroM ko prakAzita karanA andhakAra rUpI ajJAna ko dUra karanA, jaisI aneka preraNAe~ grahaNa kI jAtI haiN| sUrya udaya hote hue lAla aura asta hote hue bhI lAla rahatA hai, usI prakAra vidyArthI ko yaha preraNA prApta karanI hai ki vaha udaya aura asta meM, lAbha aura hAni meM saMtulita, dhairya yukta evaM eka sA rhe| dhUpa-chA~va kI taraha jIvana meM Ane vAlI priya-apriya paristhitiyoM kA zAntacitta se sAmanA kre| sUrya kiraNoM kI garmI nirjIva prakRti ko sajIva banAtI hai, vanaspati jagat meM prANoM kA saMcAra karatI hai, ata: bAlaka dvArA sUrya ke darzana karate hue ina AdarzoM para calane kI saMkalpanA kI jAnI caahie|

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...219 bhikSATana kI upayogitA- upanayana saMskAra ke uparAnta bhikSA mA~gane kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| yajJopavItadhArI mAtA-pitA Adi parijanoM athavA upasthita sambandhiyoM se bhikSA mAMgatA hai| ve loga kucha dhana, anna Adi dete haiN| vaha saba guru ke sammukha prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| nirapekSa dRSTi se cintana kareM to vyaktigata lAbha ke lie kevala andhe, apAhija, asahAya evaM asamarthoM ko hI bhikSA lene kA adhikAra hai, bAkI samartha aura svastha vyakti ke lie bhIkha mA~ganA atyanta lajjA kI bAta hai, parantu yajJopavIta-saMskAra ke samaya pratyeka ziSya ko bhikSA mAMganI hotI hai, isa viSaya meM kisI ko bhrama pAlane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yaha bhikSA apane lie yA svArtha ke lie nahIM, varan guNa evaM paramArtha-prayojana ke uddezya se mA~gI jAtI hai| yaha dharma kartavya hai| sArvajanika dharmakAryoM kI pUrti eka vyakti nahIM kara sakatA, phira koI kara bhI deM, to usase janasamparka kA uddezya pUrA nahIM hotA, isalie dharmakAryoM meM jana-rUci jagAne ke lie pratyeka kA sahayoga Avazyaka hotA hai| yaha sahayoga zrama evaM dhana ke rUpa meM ekatrita karanA hotA hai ata: yajJopavIta ke samaya bhikSA mAMganA paramArthakArI hai| isa vidhi ko eka abhinaya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| prAcInakAla meM bAlakoM kI zikSA kA bhAra unake abhibhAvakoM para hI nahIM par3atA thA, varan sArA samAja use mila-julakara vahana karatA thaa| Aja vaha upayogI paramparA naSTa ho gaI hai, phira bhI usakI upayogitA kA smaraNa karAne ke lie yaha bhikSATana kisI apekSA se upAdeya hI hai| jinopavIta dhAraNa ke mArmika rahasya- upanayana saMskAra ko jinopavIta evaM yajJopavIta saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| jinopavIta eka vizeSa dhAge se banA huA hotA hai, jise vyAvahArika bhASA meM janeU kahA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra dvArA vaTuka kA janeU se dhArya dhAraka bhAva honA eka anivArya zarta hai| Akhira yajJopavIta dhAraNA ke pIche kyA rahasya hai ? yaha ullekhanIya viSaya hai| hAla hI meM iTalI meM eka vaijJAnika zodha sampanna huA hai, jisameM yajJopavIta ke mahattva ke bAre meM vyApaka chAna-bIna kI gaI hai, jisakA niSkarSa hai ki janeU dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti, zarIra ke svAbhAvika zauca Adi karma karane ke samaya apane

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220... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kAna ko janeU dvArA majabUtI se bA~dhate haiM, jisakA prabhAva sIdhA hRdayaroga para par3atA hai| kAna ke Asa-pAsa eka patalIsI isa taraha kI nasa hotI hai, jise yadi janeU se bAMdhA jAe to usa para dabAva par3ane se hRdaya pradeza ke avayava prabhAvita hote haiM tathA isa roga kI sambhAvanA kama ho jAtI hai| yajJopavIta dhAraNa evaM usake dvArA karNa baMdhana se mastiSka sambandhI roga kA bhI nirAkaraNa hotA hai| zakti kSaya kI bImArI meM bhI isakA acintya upayogI prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai| hamArI niyamita dinacaryA meM hameM jAne-anajAne aneka prakAra ke kITANuoM tathA pradUSaNoM kA zikAra honA par3atA hai| yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane se unase bhI rakSA saMbhava hai| yadi sthUla rUpa se vicAra kiyA jAe, to bhI isakA mahattva bahuta adhika pratIta hotA hai| mAna liyA jAe ki kisI AdamI ko kisI nirjana sthAna meM sA~pa ne Dasa liyA aura cikitsAlaya vahA~ se mIloM dUra hai to vaha AdamI apane zarIra ke upavIta ko nikAlakara usa sthAna se kucha Upara bA~dha sakatA hai tathA kisI vastu se kATakara usa sthAna ke jaharIle rUdhira ko dUra kara apanI jAna bacA sakatA hai| isa taraha anya bhI kaIM kAraNa DhUMDhe aura anubhava kie jA sakate haiN| yadi hama sAmAnya dRSTi se dekheM to yajJopavIta tIna baTe hue dhAgoM kI patalI DorI ke samAna hI jAna par3atA hai, para isa deza ke prAcIna manISiyoM ne ina tIna lar3oM meM gaharA tattvajJAna bhara diyA hai| hindU - zAstroM ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti para tIna RNa rahate haiM - 1. deva RNa 2. RSi RNa aura 3. pitR Rnn| zrIrAma zarmA AcArya likhate haiM- jina mahApuruSoM ne manuSya jIvana ko prakAzita kiyA hai, aise AdarzavAdI mahAmAnavoM ne yadi apanA sarvasva khokara hamAre sAmane sadmArga aura sadAcaraNa kA Adarza na rakhA hotA to Aja hama dhArmika kSetra ke yogya sthAna para nahIM hote, ataeva aise mahAmAnavoM ke upadezoM kA yathAzakti pAlana karate hue zubha karmoM meM apanI zakti lagAnA, yahI deva RNa se uRNa honA hai | 98 RSi(guru) kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve saMsAra meM zreSTha vicAradhArA kA nirmANa aura pracAra karate haiN| ve jAnate haiM ki jaba taka manuSyoM kI manobhUmiyoM ko acchI taraha pariSkRta karake, jota karake taiyAra na kiyA jAegA, taba taka

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...221 usameM zreSTha vicAroM ke bIja jama nahIM sakate, ata: RSi RNa ke uRNa hone kA mArga yahI hai ki hama svAdhyAya, satsaMga aura manana dvArA apanI manobhUmi ko utkRSTa banAeM aura anyoM ko bhI usa mArga meM jodd'eN| _ pitR kA artha hai puurvj| jina logoM ne hameM janma dekara yogya banAyA hai, unake prati hamArA kartavya pratyakSa hI banatA hai| yaha itihAsa batAtA hai ki kisI samaya bhAratavAsiyoM kA gaurava samasta jagata meM vyApta thA aura ve 'jagatguru' kI padavI se alaMkRta kie gae the| unake RNa ko cukAne kA tarIkA yahI hai ki hama bhI aise kAma kareM, jisase unakA gaurava uttarottara bddh'e| isa prakAra deva RNa, RSi RNa aura pitR RNa ko cukAne evaM mAnava janma ko sArthaka karane kA sahI sandeza yajJopavIta ke mAdhyama se prApta hotA hai| usa sandeza kI preraNA yahI hai ki jaba taka apane kartavya kA ucita rUpa se pAlana karate hue, apanI zaktiyoM ko sevA paropakAra meM lagAoge nahIM tathA tInoM RNoM ko cukAoge nahIM, taba taka eka prakAra kA bandhana ghirA rhegaa| isa prakAra yajJopavIta sadaiva hamAre kandhe para rahakara hamako mahattvapUrNa upadeza aura zikSAe~ pradAna karatA rahatA hai| zikhA dhAraNa kA mukhya dhyeya- upanayana-saMskAra meM zizu ke bAla prathama bAra ustare se kATe jAte haiM aura sira ke pichale hisse ke UparI bhAga meM kucha bAloM kA samUha chor3a diyA jAtA hai, jise zikhA, cUr3A, zirA Adi kahate haiN| jahA~ zikhA rakhI jAtI hai, vaha sthala jJAna kendra kA mAnA gayA hai| vahA~ zikhA rakhane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki bAloM kA eka samUha hamezA zItalatA pradAna karatA rahe aura usake phalasvarUpa jJAna kendra kI kriyAzIlatA meM vRddhi hotI rhe|99 . isa prakAra yajJopavIta saMskAra dvArA zArIrika, mAnasika evaM mastiSka ke kriyA-kalApoM para prabhAvakArI pratikriyA to hotI hI hai| sAtha hI eka sundara evaM svastha vAtAvaraNa meM vyaktitva kA nirmANa bhI kiyA jAtA hai| yajJopavIta kA parimANa 96 cauA hI kyoM? yajJopavIta nirmANa ke sambandha meM pahalA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki yajJopavIta kA parimANa 96 aMgula hI kyoM nirdhArita kiyA gayA? dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki pratyeka varSa meM hara vyakti eka hI kada aura kAThI kA nahIM hotA hai, koI UMce kada kA hotA hai,

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222...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana to koI nATA, kucha sthUla zarIra vAle hote haiM, to kucha dubale-patale ata: sabhI vyaktiyoM ke lie samAna parimANa ke upavIta dhAraNa karane kA niyama kyoM banAyA gayA? paM. zivadatta vAjapeyI ne isakA samAdhAna karate hue nimna hetu ye batalAe haiM100_ ___1. yajJopavIta kaTi taka hI raheM- bhAratIya manISiyoM ne zAstrIya AdhAra para yaha parimANa nirdhArita kiyA hai| zAstrokta pramANa se yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane para vaha puruSa ke bAeM kandhe ke Upara se AtA huA nAbhi ko sparza kara kaTi taka hI pahu~catA hai| janeU isase na to Upara rahanA cAhie aura na hI niice| yajJopavIta atyanta choTA hone para Ayu kA tathA adhika bar3A hone para tapa kA vinAzaka hotA hai, adhika moTA rahane para yaza nAzaka aura patalA hone para dhana nAzaka hotA hai| isa nirNaya ko sAmudrika zAstra ne ucita ThaharAyA hai| usake anusAra manuSya kA kada aura svAsthya kaisA bhI ho, mAnava zarIra kA AyAma 84 aMgula se 108 aMgula taka hotA hai| isakA madhyamAna 96 aMgula hI hotA hai ata: isa parimANa vAlA yajJopavIta hara sthiti meM kaTi taka hI rhegaa| 2. gAyatrI mantra ke 24 akSaroM ke AdhAra para- gAyatrI mantra meM caubIsa akSara hote haiN| cAroM vedoM meM nihita gAyatrI chanda ke sampUrNa akSaroM ko milA deM, to 24 x 4 * 96 akSara hote haiN| isI ke AdhAra para dvija bAlaka ko gAyatrI aura veda-donoM kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai, isalie 96 aMgula vAle yajJopavIta ko hI dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ___3. vaidika mantroM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para- 'lakSaM tu caturovedA lakSamekaM tu bhAratam' isa vacana ke anusAra vaidika-RcAoM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha hai| vedabhASya meM pataMjali ne bhI isakI puSTi kI hai| isa lakSa mantroM meM 80,000 karmakANDa sambandhI aura 16,000 upAsanAkANDa sambandhI RcAe~ hai| cUMki upanIta ko karmakANDa aura upAsanAkANDa kA vivecana karane kA adhikAra prApta hotA hai, ata: 96,000 RcAoM ke adhikAra ke AdhAra para upavIta kA parimANa 96 cauA nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai| 4. tithi, vAra, guNa Adi ke AdhAra para- yaha mAnava jIvana tattva, guNa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra, kAla, mAsa Adi vividha bhAgoM se nirantara samparka meM

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa...223 rahane ke kAraNa unase prabhAvita hotA rahatA hai| ina sabhI padArthoM kI saMkhyA kA samanvita yoga kiyA jAe, to yaha bhI 96 hI hotA hai| jaise- tithi-15, vAra7, nakSatra-27, tattva-25, veda-4, guNa-3, kAla-3 aura mAsa-12 aise kula yoga 96 AtA hai| yajJopavIta meM tIna sUtra aura trivRt kyoM? jaina dharma meM tIna kI saMkhyA darzana, jJAna aura cAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI pratIka haiN| hindU dharma meM AdhyAtmika, Adhi daivika evaM Adhi bhautika zaktiyoM kA pratIka hai| Rk, yajuH aura sAmatIna pramukha veda haiN| brahmA, viSNu aura maheza-trideva haiN| bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya-tIna kAla hai| sattva, raja aura tama-tIna guNa haiN| grISma, varSA aura zItatIna Rtue~ haiN| pRthvI, antarikSa aura dhuloka-triloka haiN| isI triguNAtmaka bhAva ko AdhAra banAkara yajJopavIta kA triguNAtmaka tantuoM se nirmANa aura trivRtkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| tIna sUtroM meM mAnavatva, devatva aura gurutva-bhAva nihita haiN| inhIM kI preraNA, mArgadarzana aura zikSA se vyakti mRtyuloka se dhuloka kI ora gamana karane ke lie upAsanA, dhyAna aura satkarma kA bhAva apanAtA hai| yahI vyakti ke nirvANa ke mArga ko prazasta karatA hai| isI bhAvanA se upavIta ke tIna tAroM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai|101 yajJopavIta kA pranthi baMdhana kyoM ? yajJopavIta banAte samaya nau tantuoM ko triguNAtmaka kara, phira tIna sUtra meM parivartita kara, usakA trivRtkaraNa karake usake mUla bhAga ko jor3ane ke lie gAMTha lagAI jAtI hai| hindU dharma meM isa gAMTha ko 'brahma granthi' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| isa brahma granthi ke lagane para hI yajJopavIta dhAraNa karane yogya banatA hai| DaoN. zivadatta ke anusAra brahma granthi ko lagAne kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki manuSya pratikSaNa dhyAna meM rakheM ki yaha samasta vizva brahma se utpanna huA hai| yadi manuSya brahma ko bhulAkara mAyA jAla meM phaMsa jAtA hai, to vaha apane hI patana kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai|102 use pracalita lokokti 'gAMTha bAMdha lenA' ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue eka gAMTha bAMdha lenA cAhie, kyoMki manuSya kA carama lakSya brahma prApti hI hai aura ise prApta karane ke lie use zreya mArga para calate rahanA hogaa|

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224... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yajJopavIta ke dhAraNa kA uddezya aura lakSya bhI yahI rahA hai ataH isake mUla meM praNava mantra ke sAtha lagAI jAne vAlI granthi use praNava ke a +u + m-ina tIna varNoM; sattva, raja, tama - ina tIna guNoM; brahmA, viSNu, maheza- trividha zaktiyoM ke sAmIpya kA dhyAna dilAtI rahatI hai isIlie ise brahma granthi kahA gayA hai| apane-apane kula, gotra Adi ke bheda se brahma granthi ke Upara 1, 3 yA 5 gAMTha lagAe jAne kA bhI vidhAna hai| ye granthiyA~ manuSya ko apanI kula paramparA se calI A rahI zAstra maryAdAoM kA smaraNa karAtI hai tathA pUrvajoM ke pada cihnoM para calane kI preraNA detI hai| upanayana kI anivAryatA jaba hama upanayana saMskAra ke kriyAkalApoM se paricita hote haiM to isakI anivAryatA ke kaI kAraNa najara Ate haiN| sarvaprathama isakI pRSThabhUmi meM sAMskRtika kAraNa haiN| kisI bhI pragatizIla samAja ke lie zikSA Avazyaka hai| isake dvArA pratyeka vyakti apane jIvana kA kucha kAla gurukula yA kisI zikSA saMsthA meM vyatIta karane ke lie tatpara banatA hai| isake dvArA sAhitya, vidyA aura jJAna ke koza kA saMrakSaNa evaM vRddhi hotI hai ataH apanI saMskRti evaM pavitra sAhitya kI surakSA ke liye upanayana saMskAra anivArya pratIta hotA hai / upanayana saMskAra kI eka anya kAraNa pavitratA hai| upanayana meM bhAvI jIvana ko pavitra karane kI zakti hai, isalie usase svayaM ko avazya abhiSikta karanA caahie| isa saMskAra kI anivAryatA isa dRSTi se bhI jJAta hotI hai ki upanayana se vyakti dvija arthAta saMskArita banatA hai| isase upanIta vyakti kI samAja meM ucca sthAna gaurava evaM sammAna prApta hotA hai / jisa vyakti kA upanayana na huA ho, vaha samAja se bahiSkRta tathA apane sabhI prakAra ke vizeSAdhikAroM se vaMcita ho jAtA hai| upanayana saMskAra eka prakAra se apane-apane dharma yA varNa kA praveza - - patra hai| samAja meM praviSTa hone kA ise eka sAdhana mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki hinduoM kI mAnyatAnusAra upanIta hue binA koI vyakti Arya kanyA se vivAha nahIM kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra hinduoM kI Adarza sAmAjika yojanA meM upanayana saMskAra ko zikSA evaM sAmAjika jIvana kA anivArya aMga mAnA gayA hai ise sAmAjika vyavasthA meM praveza karane kA License kaha sakate haiN| upanayana kI anivAryatA ke sambandha meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki isake dvArA dIkSita vyakti kI gaNanA dvijoM meM hotI hai, jo eka pavitra,

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...225 svaccha evaM sArthaka jIvana ke pratIka ke rUpa meM pUje jAte haiN| upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yadi hama pUrva vivecana ke AdhAra para upanayana saMskAra vidhi evaM isake mahattvapUrNa binduoM kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to nizcita rUpa se isa saMskAra kA pUrvottarakAlIna evaM pAramparika svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| nAma kI apekSA- zvetAmbara evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra ke nAma ko lekara pUrNa samAnatA hai, kintu digambara paramparA isa viSaya meM kiMcid matabheda rakhatI hai| artha kI dRSTi se dekheM to tInoM eka rUpa hI haiN| zvetAmbara evaM vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA nAma 'upanayana' hai, jabaki digambara granthoM meM isakA nAma 'upanIti' rakhA gayA hai| krama kI apekSA- yadi hama krama kI apekSA se tulanA kareM, to ukta tInoM paramparAe~ bhinna-bhinna mAlUma hotI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM upanayana saMskAra kA bArahavA~ sthAna hai, digambara meM yaha caudahavA~ saMskAra mAnA gayA hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM isakA krama gyArahavA~ hai| adhikArI kI apekSA- zvetAmbara matAnusAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka, digambara kI mAnyatAnusAra AcArya yA pitA tathA vaidika matAnusAra mUlata: pitA evaM AcArya ko isa saMskAra kA kartA kahA gayA hai| dina kI apekSA- yaha saMskAra, kisa umra meM kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa viSaya ko lekara tInoM dhArAoM meM prAyaH samAnatA hai| zvetAmbara evaM vaidika granthoM meM varNIya bhinnatA ke AdhAra para kramaza: AThavA~, gyArahavA~ aura bArahavA~ varSa tathA digambara paramparA ne sabhI ke lie AThavA~ varSa isa saMskAra ke yogya mAnA hai| vidhi kI apekSA- upanayana saMskAra se sambandhita kucha kriyAe~ tInoM AmnAyoM meM samAna rUpa se kI jAtI haiN| jaise-kaTibhAga para kaMdorA bAMdhanA, kaupIna (laMgoTI) pahananA, mastaka muNDAnA yA coTI rakhanA, yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA, daNDa rakhanA, valkala grahaNa karanA, iSTa devoM kA smaraNa evaM unakA pUjana karanA ityaadi| isa saMskAra ke samaya sampanna kie jAne vAle kucha vidhividhAna isa prakAra ke haiM, jo pArasparika asamAnatA ko sUcita karate haiN| jaisezvetAmbara ke anusAra eka vedikA kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai| usa para caturmukhI

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226... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pratimA sthApita kara prAyaH sabhI prakAra ke kRtya gRhastha guru ke nirdezAnusAra sthApita jinabiMba ke samakSa hI sampanna kie jAte haiM, jabaki digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra vidhi jinAlaya meM sampAdita kI jAtI hai, vahA~ vedikA jaisI koI kriyA nahIM hotii| vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra ko prArambha karane ke lie eka maNDapa kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai tathA prAyaH sabhI kRtya usI maNDapa meM niSpanna hote haiN| * zvetAmbara paramparAvartI granthoM meM cAroM varNoM ke lie vrata bandhana evaM vratAdeza kI pRthaka-pRthaka vidhiyA~ kahI gaIM haiM, jabaki digambara granthoM meM yaha vidhi sabhI varNoM ke lie samAna rUpa se nirdiSTa hai| vaidika granthoM meM vrata bandhana ke antargata kie jAne vAle kRtya kaupIna, mekhalA, yajJopavIta Adi kA ullekha varNa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, jabaki vratAdeza kI pRthak rUpa se koI carcA hI nahIM huI hai| * zvetAmbara mAnya AcAradinakara meM vrata dAna se sambandhita godAna vidhi, vaTukaraNa vidhi, zUdra ko uttarIya vastra pradAna karane kI vidhi Adi kI alaga se carcA kI gaI hai, parantu digambara evaM vaidika sAhitya meM inakA koI varNana nahIM hai| * isa saMskAra sambandhI kriyAkANDoM meM sabase adhika viSamatA isa bAta ko lekara hai ki kaupIna, mekhalA, yajJopavIta, daNDa, valkala Adi sAdhana kisa vastu se nirmita hone cAhie? inakA parimANa kitanA honA cAhie ? inheM kitane samaya taka ke lie dhAraNa karanA cAhie? ye kina saMketoM ke pratIka haiM? ityAdi vivecanAe~ tInoM paramparAoM meM bhinna- bhinna rUpa se kahI gaI hai| mantra kI apekSA - zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita aneka mantroM kA nirdeza haiN| una mantra pAThoM ko lekara tInoM paramparAoM me sarvathA bhinnatA hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki zvetAmbara aura vaidika donoM paramparAoM meM mantroccAra kA ullekha isa saMskAra kI prAya: pratyeka kriyA meM huA hai, jabaki digambara grantha meM kevala do mantroM kA hI nirdeza prApta hai - 1. yajJopavIta pahanane kA mantra 2. bAlaka ko saMskArita kara AzIrvAda dene kA mntr| zvetAmbara granthoM meM nimna maMtra pAThoM kA ullekha hai - 1. vedI pratiSThA mantra 2. upanayana saMskAra Arambha karane kA mantra 3. jalAbhimantraNa mantra

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa...227 4. mekhalA, kaupIna, jinopavIta ke mantra 5. mekhalA dhAraNa mantra 6. kaupIna dhAraNa mantra 7. jinopavIta dhAraNa mantra 8. palAza kASTha ke daMDa grahaNa kA mantra 9. mudrikA dhAraNa mantra aadi| vaidika granthoM meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita nimna mantroM kA ullekha hai1. bAlaka ko uttarIya-vastra pradAna karane kA mantra 2. mekhalA bandhana mantra 3. sAvitrI mantra 4. jala se abhisiMcita karane kA mantra 5. yajJopavIta nApane kA mantra 6. upavIta ko pavitra karane kA mantra 7. yajJopavIta ko tiharA mor3ane kA mantra 8. upavIta para gA~Tha lagAne kA mantra 9. upavIta dhAraNa karane kA mantra 10. upavIta utArane kA mantra aadi| uparyukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika ina tInoM dhArAoM meM upanayana saMskAra kA astitva purAtanakAla se rahA huA hai| sAtha hI eka paramparA dUsarI paramparA se prabhAvita bhI rahI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki adhikatara vidhi-vidhAna samAnatA ko lie hue haiN| upasaMhAra ___ upanayana saMskAra vidyArthI jIvana ke Arambha meM sampanna hone vAlA eka mahattvapUrNa saMskAra hai| isa saMskAra ko samyak vidhipUrvaka evaM zraddhA-niSThA ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jAe, to nizcita hI isake supariNAma hote haiN| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bAlaka ke jIvana kA eka nayA adhyAya prArambha hotA hai| vaha eka kaThora anuzAsanAtmaka jIvana meM praveza karatA hai| yaha saMskAra isa tathya kA pratIka bhI hai ki bAlaka vidyArthI ke rUpa meM jJAnArjana ke patha kA pathika banA hai aura use apane lakSya kI prApti ke lie apane nizcaya meM dRr3ha rahanA hai| usa bAlaka ke samakSa yajJopavIta, kaupIna, mekhalA dhAraNa yA sUrya darzana Adi ke jo bhI pratIka prastuta kie jAte haiM, ve usakI bhAvI jIvana-yAtrA ke lie sarvAdhika mahattva rakhate haiN| kevala dhAge pahananA zarIra kI pavitratA ko hI nahIM bar3hAtA hai, balki usa pratIka ke prati sajaga hokara yajJopavItadhArI zarIra se, mana se aura buddhi se pavitra rahatA hai| vaha Aryatva ke niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai| mana, vacana aura karma ko apavitratA se bacAe rakhatA hai aura satyatA ke mArga para bar3hatA calA jAtA hai| isa taraha isa saMskAra kA pratyeka caraNa vividha vizeSatAoM se bharapUra hai| isa saMskAra dvArA bAlaka na kevala vidyA yA buddhi ke kSetra meM hI vikAsa karatA

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228...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai apitu saMyama, sadAcAra, saralatA, sabhyatA, zAlInatA Adi guNoM ko bhI apanAtA hai| AcArya kI saMga-sannidhi evaM samAna vayaska sAthiyoM ke rahane ke kAraNa vinaya, viveka, bhAIcArA, kuTumba bhAvanA Adi guNa svata: prakaTa hote haiN| eka dIrghAvadhi taka kaThora anuzAsana evaM pArivArika-mamatva bhAvoM se dUra rahanA jIvana kI vikAsa yAtrA kA bahuta bar3A adhyAya kahA jA sakatA hai| saMkSepata: yaha saMskAra jIvana kI vikAsa yAtrA ke lie zreyaskArI, maMgalakArI evaM abhyudayakArI hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. SoDazasaMskAra-eka vaijJAnika vivecana, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA., pR. 29 2. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.-1, pR. 209 3. atharvaveda, 11/5/3, hindUsaMskAra, pR. 148 4. 'upa samIpe AcAryAdInAM baTornayanaM prApaNampanayanam bhaaruuci'| vIra mitrodaya saMskAra, bhA.-1, pR. 334 5. vahI, pR. 334 6. saMskRta hindI koza, pR. 206 7. 'upanIyate varNakramAroha yuktyA prANI puSTiM nIyatenena ityupnynm'| AcAradinakara, pR. 20 8. saMskRtahindIkoza, pR. 211 9. atharvaveda, 11/5/3 10. hindUsaMskAra pR. 150 11. yAjJavalkyasmRti, 1/15 12. gautamadharmasUtra, 8/14/24 13. manusmRti, 2/26 14. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA.-1, pR. 137 15. AcAradinakara, pR. 19 16. upadezamAlA, uddhRta-AcAradinakara, pR. 19 17. AdipurANa, parva-38, pR. 241 18. praznavyAkaraNa aMgasuttANi-2/13 19. yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 37 20. uttarapurANa, anu.-pannAlAla jaina, parva-63, pR. 177

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa... 229 21. mayopanayane'grAhi, vrataM gurubhirrssitm| muktvA gurujanAnItAM, svIkaromi na caapraam|| 22. uttarapurANa, parva - 62, pR. 295 23. AcAradinakara, pR. 19 24. vahI, pR. 20 25. vahI, pR. 20 AdipurANa, parva - 47, pR. 177 26. vahI, pR. 20 27. vahI, pR. 20 28. AdipurANa, parva- 38, pR. 249 29. yajJopavItasaMskAra, kSullakasAgarajI, pR. 76-77 30. vahI, pR. 101 31. bhaTTAkalaMka saMhitA, caturtha pariccheda, zlo. 16-19, uddhRta 32. yajJopavIta saMskAra, pR. 110 33. vahI, pR. 111 34. vahI, pR. 76 35. vahI, pR. 115 yajJopavIta saMskAra, pR. 101 36. baudhAyanadharmasUtra, 1/5/5 37. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 218 38. vahI, pR. 218 39. vahI, pR. 218 40. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, 41. yajJopavIta saMskAra, pR. 95-97 pR.6-2 42. Sor3azasaMskAra vivecana, pR. 6-3 43. (ka) saMskAra aMka, pR. 333 (kha) yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 91 44. vahI, pR. 94-95 45. (ka) zrAvakAcArasaMgraha, paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, bhA. - 4, pR. 161 (kha) yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 35 46. dAnazAsanamahAgrantha, uddhRta- yajJopavIta, pR. 69

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230... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 47. vahI, pR. 71 48. arhatpratiSThAsArasaMgraha, uddhRta-yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 72 49. dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, 211 50. AdipurANa, 1346, uddhRta- yajJopavItasaMskAra 51. yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 76 52. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. - 1, pR. 217 53. pratiSThAtilaka, brahmasUri, zlo. - 133-36, 181-83, - uddhRta yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 80-81 54. pratiSThAsAroddhAra, paM. AzAdhara, zlo. - 22 55. AdipurANa, parva - 38, pR. 249 56. vahI, parva- 38, pR. 249 57. dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, a.-29, 58. yajJopavItasaMskAra, pR. 105 59. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 163 60. AcAradinakara, pR. 20-21 zlo. - 16-23 61. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 13 62. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, pR. 212 63. (ka) pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2 / 2 (kha) AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/19 64. baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, 11/5/6 65. rAjamArttaNDa, vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA. -1, pR. 354 66. AcAradinakara, pR. 20 67. AdipurANa, pR. 38, pR. 248 68. (ka) pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2 / 2 ( kha ) AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/19 (ga)baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, 2/5 (gha) gobhilagRhyasUtra, 10 (Da.) manusmRti, 2/36 69. AcAradinakara, pR. 30 70. zuklayajurvedanAmupanayanasaMskAra, pR. 18 71. AcAradinakara, pR. 21-22 72. vahI, pR. 23 73. vahI, pR. 24 74. vahI, pR. 25

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upanayana saMskAra vidhi kA AdhyAtmika svarUpa ...231 75. vahI, pR. 25 76. vahI pR. 25-26 77. vahI, pR. 26-27 78. AdipurANa, parva-38, 40, pR. 249, 310 79. AdipurANa, parva-40, pR. 310 80. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 13 81. (ka)AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra (kha)pAraskaragRhyasUtra (ga)gobhilagRhyasUtra, 2/10 (gha) khAdiragRhyasUtra, 2/4/3/1 82. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 165 83. yaha paravartI vikAsa hai, jo gRhyasUtroM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| 84. yaha aneka pradezoM meM pracalita sthAnIya prathA hai| 85. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 166 86. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2/2/9 87. vahI, 2/2/10 88. gobhilagRhyasUtra, 1/17/18 89. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2/2/11 90. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 170 91. vahI, pR. 173 92. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2/6/26 93. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/19/10 94. vahI, 1/19/20 95. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 174-77 96. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2/3/3 97. vahI, 2/4/1-8 98. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, pra. 6-11 99. vahI, pR. 31-32 100. saMskAra aMka, pR. 329 101. vahI, pR. 331 102. vahI, pR. 332

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adhyAya 14 vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa vidyA mAnava jIvana kA abhinna aMga hai| vidyAdhyayana hI eka mAnava ko mAnava kI koTI meM upasthita karatA hai evaM usameM antarnihita zaktiyoM ko jAgRta karatA hai| vastutaH vidyAdhyayana kA prAraMbha karavAne hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaba bAlaka kA mastiSka zikSA grahaNa karane yogya ho jAe, taba usakI zikSA vyavasthA kA AraMbha saMskAra ke mAdhyama se kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha saMskAra bAlaka kI zaikSaNika yAtrA kA pramukha aMga hai| isa zikSaNa ke dvArA vaha bahuta kucha sIkhatA, samajhatA, sunatA aura par3hatA hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra usake bhAvI jIvana kA nirmAtA hotA hai| isa samaya use jo kucha sikhAyA yA samajhAyA jAtA hai, vaha use apanI antarcetanA pUrvaka grahaNa karatA hai, usakI samajha-zakti kAphI kucha vikasita ho jAtI hai ataH bAlaka ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA vidyArambha saMskAra sabhI saMskAroM se mahattvapUrNa siddha hotA hai / isa saMskAra ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kI yAtrA kA vivecana karate haiM, to jaina paramparA kI dRSTi se yaha saMskAra ati prAcIna siddha hotA hai, kyoMki bhagavatI sUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA sUtra, aupapAtika sUtra, rAjapraznIya sUtra, kalpasUtra Adi meM vidyArambha saMskAra kA suspaSTa ullekha milatA hai| 1 aitihAsika dRSTi se avalokana karane para isakA udbhava sabhya samAja kI saMracanA hone para hI huAaisA jJAta hotA hai| yahI vajaha hai ki krama kI dRSTi se dekheM, to vidyArambha saMskAra upanayana ke sAtha yA usake pazcAt kiyA jAnA caahie| jaina paramparA meM vidyArambha saMskAra kA krama upanayana saMskAra ke bAda svIkArA gayA hai aura yaha krama pramANita bhI lagatA hai| gRhyasUtroM, dharmasUtroM evaM prAcIna smRtiyoM meM isa saMskAra ko upanayanasaMskAra meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| katipaya granthoM jaise - vIramitrodaya (saMskAraprakAza, bhA.-1. pR. 321 ), smRticandrikA (saMskArakANDa, pR. 67)

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa 233 yAjJavalkyasmRti kI vyAkhyA Adi isa saMskAra ke viSaya meM pramANa haiM / yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki ukta sabhI grantha bhAratIya karmakANDa sAhitya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se atyanta Adhunika haiN| 2 yahA~ eka prazna yaha ubharatA hai ki gRhyasUtroM aura dharmasUtroM meM niSkramaNa, annaprAzana jaise sAdhAraNa saMskAroM kA bhI vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai, taba vidyArambha jaise mahattvapUrNa saMskAra kA ullekha kyoM nahIM ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa kevala isa tathya dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jina saMskAroM kA udaya prAksUtrayuga meM huA, usa samaya vaidika saMskRta bolacAla kI bhASA thI aura vedoM kI prAthamika zikSA kA Arambha upanayana saMskAra se hotA thA, ataH vedoM ke vivecana ke lie saMskRta bhASA ko likhane aura par3hane kI prAthamika yogyatA alaga se Avazyaka nahIM thii| isake atirikta ati prAcInakAla meM lekhana kA pracalana bhI nahIM thA yA kama-se-kama bAlakoM kI prArambhika zikSA meM usakA upayoga nahIM hotA thA ataH vaidika saMhitA yA zruti kI zikSA Arambha karane ke lie upanayana ke atirikta anya kisI saMskAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM huii| aitihAsika vikAsa krama meM jaba saMskRta sAhityika bhASA bana gii| usa samaya saMskRta sAhitya samRddha huA; vyAkaraNa, nirUkta Adi kA vikAsa huA tathA anya aneka vidyAe~ aura zAstra bhI astitva meM aae| sAtha hI vidyA ke isa vipula bhaNDAra kI surakSA ke lie varNamAlA aura lekhanakalA kA AviSkAra huA, taba saMskRta-sAhitya ke adhyayana kI prAthamika zikSA Avazyaka ho gaI, aura eka navIna saMskAra kI anivAryatA pratIta huii| isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie vidyArambha-saMskAra astitva meM AyA / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vidyArambha saMskAra kAlakrama se astitva meM AyA ataH yaha anya saMskAroM kI apekSA paravartIkAlIna hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM vidyAraMbha saMskAra ko terahavA~ sthAna diyA gayA hai, jabaki vaidika mata meM ise dasavA~ sthAna prApta hai| isameM terahavA~ 'samAvarttana' nAma kA saMskAra hai| digambara paramparA meM vidyArambha ke sthAna para lipisaMkhyAna nAma kA saMskAra hai, jo vidyArambha ke samarUpa pratIta hotA hai|

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234...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vidyArambha saMskAra kA abhiprAyArtha isa saMskAra ke nAma se hI isakA artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isameM do zabda haiM-vidyA+Arambha arthAta vidyA kA Arambha krnaa| vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka vidyAdhyayana kA prArambha kiyA jAtA hai, use vidyArambha-saMskAra kahate haiN| vidyArambha ke kaI paryAyavAcI nAma haiM jaise-akSarArambha, akSarasvIkaraNa, akSaralekhana, lipisaMkhyAna aadi| ina nAmoM se yahI sUcita hotA hai ki yaha mUlata: bhASAyI evaM sAMskRtika vivecana se sambandhita hai|' vidyArambha saMskAra kI laukika AvazyakatA isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kyA ho sakatI hai? isa sambandha meM carcA karanA apekSita hai| prathama to vidyArambha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko pramANita karane vAlA yaha zAstra vacana-'jJAnena hInA naraH pazubhiH samAnA' samajhane jaisA hai| zAstrakAra ne vidyAvihIna kI tulanA pazu se kI hai| isase sUcita hotA hai ki jIvana vikAsa ke lie zikSA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| yaha bAta pratyakSa meM bhI dekhate haiM ki zikSita vyakti sarvatra pUjA jAtA hai ata: kisI bhI kImata para zikSAbhyAsa avazya karanA caahie| jJAna hI manuSya kI vizeSatA hai, anyathA aneka kAryoM meM to vaha pazuoM se bhI pichar3A huA hai| hAthI ke samAna balavAn, siMha kI taraha parAkramI, ghor3e kI bhA~ti calane vAlA, baila kI taraha parizramI, kutte kI taraha gandha-jJAnI, bandara kI taraha vRkSArohI, gau kI taraha saumya, bhalA kauna manuSya ho sakatA hai? ina dRSTiyoM se manuSya kI apekSA pazu hI adhika bar3he-car3he hote haiN| unakI tulanA meM manuSya kI jo vizeSatA hai, vaha usakI jJAna zakti hai, kintu jJAna zakti kA upayoga ho, yaha aura bhI adhika jarUrI hai| mAnavocita pragati ke lie jJAna kI pUrNatA(vikAsa) honA eka anivArya zarta hai anyathA jIvana-vikAsa ke sabhI dvAra banda ho jAte haiN| vidyA jJAna kI AdhArazilA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kA eka anya kAraNa yaha hai ki 'jJAnAt mukti' sUtra ke anusAra duHkhoM aura klezoM se chuTakArA kevala jJAnavAna ko hI mila sakatA hai, ajJAnI to sAMsArika bandhanoM meM baMdhA hI rahatA hai aura kaSTa bhogatA rahatA hai| sahI mArga to jJAna kA prakAza hone para hI mila sakatA hai, ajJAna ke andhakAra se mukti jJAna ke prakAza dvArA hI saMbhava hai|

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa ...235 isa saMskAra kA cauthA prayojana yaha hai ki hameM kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA nahIM karanA cAhie? ina praznoM kA uttara jJAna ke AdhAra para hI upalabdha kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie adhyAtma sAdhanA ke tIna sAdhanoM jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga meM prathama sthAna jJAnayoga kA hI rahA huA hai| jJAna ke binA pragati kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii|5| yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki khAne-pIne, nahAne-dhone Adi zArIrika pravRttiyoM kA prakRtipradatta jJAna pazu pakSiyoM aura kITa-pataMgoM ko bhI hotA hai, taba unheM ajJAnI kI saMjJA meM kaise rakhA jAe? isakA spaSTIkaraNa yaha hai ki jaise sAMsa lene, AhAra pacAne Adi kI kriyAe~ hara zarIradhArI ko zarIradharma ke rUpa meM svata: hI milI hotI haiM, kintu jo mAtra itanA hI jAnate haiM ki vastuta: ve zarIradharmI haiM, unakA stara pazu se Upara nahIM hai| jJAna to cetanA ke bauddhika vikAsa ko kahate haiM aura isI para vyakti ke samagra vyaktitva kA vikAsa AdhArita hotA hai| vikasita vyaktitva hI manuSyatA kI zobhA hai ata: vyaktitva vikAsa ke lie evaM mAnavIya jIvana ko uccastarIya banAne ke lie vidyAdhyayana karanA ati Avazyaka siddha hotA hai| isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kA pAMcavA~ kAraNa yaha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isake mAdhyama se bAlaka ko adhyayana kA eka anukUla vAtAvaraNa milatA hai| yUM to jJAna kI sattA aMkura-rUpa meM pratyeka mAnavIya-cetanA meM hai, para unakA vikAsa tabhI saMbhava hai, jaba anukUla paristhitiyoM kA siMcana ho| yaha siMcana guru ke sAnnidhya se hI saMbhava hai| yaha pratyakSa anubhavagamya hai ki choTA bAlaka jina paristhitiyoM meM rahatA hai, vaha usI prakAra se Dhala jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM eka ghaTanA samAcAra-patroM meM chapI hai ki kucha dina pUrva AgarA jile ke khandaulI gA~va se eka bAlaka ko eka mAdA bher3iyA uThA le gii| usane use zArIrika kSati nahIM pahuMcAI, balki use apanA dUdha pilAkara usakA pAlana kiyaa| baccA chaH varSa kA ho gyaa| zikAriyoM ne usa bacce ko bher3iyoM kI mA~da meM dekhA to use pakar3a liyaa| yaha bAlaka Ajakala lakhanaU ke meDikala kaoNleja meM hai, usakA nAma rAmU rakhA gayA hai| bacapana se hI jaisA usane sIkhA, vaha bher3iyoM kI taraha hI calatA hai, vaise hI gurrAtA hai, vaise hI kaccA mA~sa khAtA hai, usakI sArI AdateM

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236...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bher3iyoM jaisI hI hai| manuSya kI taraha rahane, socane, bolane kI jAnakArI use karAI jA rahI hai| hama Adima-jAti yA janajAti ke logoM ke baccoM aura susaMskRta logoM ke baccoM meM jo antara dekhate haiM, vaha unakA janmajAta nahIM, varan vAtAvaraNa aura saMgati ke prabhAva kA phala hai| isa dRSTi se vidyAdhyayana saMskAra kI AvazyakatA svata: pramANita hai| vidyAraMbha saMskAra kI anivAryatA kA chaThavA~ kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki manuSyoM dvArA kamAI aura jamA kI gaI dhana-sampadA to kAlakrama meM naSTa ho jAtI hai para unake dvArA upArjita jJAna- sampadA vaMza paramparA se surakSita rahatI hai| sAtha hI usakI eka vilakSaNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki jo bhI cAhe, usa mahAn jJAnakoza ko binA kisI mUlya yA uttarAdhikAra ke prApta kara sakatA hai| yaha bhI eka majedAra bAta hai ki pUrvajoM ke dhana ko to unake vaMzaja yA uttarAdhikArI hI prApta kara sakate haiM, para jJAna bhaNDAra kisI bhI vyakti dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, isameM mAtra guru kRpA hI paryApta hai| dUsarI bAta, jJAna aisI vastu hai, jo dene se vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai, naSTa nahIM hotA hai| isa saMskAra ke sambandha meM yaha mananIya hai ki jo jitanA adhika jAnatA hai, vaha jIvana kSetra meM utanA hI adhika saphala rahatA hai, ataeva jJAnavAn honA hI sacce arthoM meM sAmarthyavAn evaM sampattivAn bananA hai| yaha vidyAdhyayana ke mAdhyama se hI saMbhava hai, isalie par3hanA-par3hAnA manuSya kA atyanta Avazyaka karttavya hai| jaise zarIra kA sAmarthya AhAra para AdhArita hai, vaise hI mana kI sAmarthyatA vidyA dvArA vikasita hotI hai| bAlaka ke janma aura prathama AhAra kI bhA~ti vidyAdhyayana ke avasara para bhI utsava manAyA jAtA hai| yaha utsava Avazyaka bhI hai aura sArthaka bhii| bAlaka ke bhaviSya ko ujjvala banAne ke lie zikSA kA prakAza Avazyaka hai| vidyA jJAnacakSu kA kAma karatI hai| kisI ko netra nahIM mile hoM, para vidyAbhyAsI hai, to vaha nizcita hI sanmArga kA anugAmI hogaa| sArarUpa meM itanA kahanA paryApta hai ki jo vidyA kA pAragAmI nahIM hai, use dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ke phala se vaMcita rahanA par3atA hai, isalie vidyA kI prApti Avazyaka hai|

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa ...237 vidyAraMbha saMskAra kA kartA kauna? zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka karavA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra dvija karavAtA hai, yadyapi isakA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai tathA vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra sambandhI kucha vidhAna brAhmaNa karavAtA hai aura kucha vidhAna vidyA guru niSpanna karatA hai| vidyAraMbha saMskAra ke lie grAhya aura varjita nakSatra Adi kA vicAra __ AcAradinakara meM vidyAraMbha saMskAra hetu nimna nakSatra Adi zubha mAne gae haiN| nakSatroM meM-azvinI, mUla, pUrvAtraya, mRgazirA, ArdrA, punarvasu, puSya, AzleSA, hasta, zatabhiSA, svAti, citrA, zravaNa aura dhaniSThA, tithiyoM meM-dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI, saptamI, dazamI, ekAdazI, dvAdazI evaM trayodazI vAroM meM-budha, guru aura zukra zubha mAne gae haiN| puna: vAroM meM- ravi aura soma madhyama tathA maMgala aura zani tyAjya kahe gae haiN| tithiyoM meM-amAvasyA, aSTamI, pratipadA, catudazI, riktA, SaSThI aura navamI hI mAnI gaIM haiN| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki ina nakSatra Adi kA suyoga hone para bhI upanayana saMskAra kI bhA~ti zubha lagna meM hI vidyAraMbha saMskAra Arambha karanA caahie| digambara paramparA isa saMskAra ke lie nimna nakSatra Adi ko zubha mAnatI hai| nakSatroM meM-hasta, azvinI, punarvasu, puSya, citrA, anurAdhA, tithiyoM meM-dvitIyA, tRtIyA, paMcamI, SaSThI, dazamI, ekAdazI aura dvAdazI vAroM meM-soma, budha, zukra, zani-ye dina vidyArambha hetu uttama kahe gae haiN|10 vaidika paramparAnusAra isa saMskAra ke lie yaha nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki bAlaka ke pA~caveM varSa kArtika zuklapakSa ke bArahaveM dina se ASAr3ha zuklapakSa ke gyArahaveM dina taka kisI bhI dina, kintu pratipadA, SaSThI, amAvasyA tathA riktA tithiyoM ko aura zani-maMgala ko chor3akara vidyArambha karanA caahie|11 vidyAraMbha saMskAra hetu upayukta kAla zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie, isakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| digambara matAnusAra bAlaka ke pA~ca varSa pUrNa hone para yaha saMskAra karanA caahie|12 vaidika vicAraNA bhI bAlaka ke pA~caveM varSa meM yaha

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238...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMskAra karanA svIkAra karatI hai, kintu isa sambandha meM anya mata bhI prastuta kie gae haiN| vizvAmitra ke anusAra bAlaka ke janma se pA~caveM varSa meM yaha saMskAra karanA caahie|13 paNDita bhImasena zarmA kI SoDaza-saMskAra-vidhi meM kisI ajJAtanAmA smRtikAra ke AdhAra para yaha saMskAra pA~caveM yA sAtaveM varSa meM kie jAne kA nirdeza hai| yadi kinhIM anivArya paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa ise sthagita karanA par3a jAe to upanayana saMskAra ke pUrva kisI bhI samaya avazya kara lenA caahie| cUMki upanayana ke samaya bAlaka kA dvitIya janma hotA hai, ata: isake pUrva akSarArambha avazya karA denA caahie| isake lie mArgazIrSa se lekara jyeSTha mAsa taka kA samaya upayukta hai|14 vidyAraMbha saMskAra ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI ___yaha saMskAra sampanna karate samaya kauna-kaunasI vastue~ Avazyaka rUpa se honI cAhie? isa viSaya ko lekara digambara evaM vaidika granthoM meM koI varNana dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAvartI granthoM meM isa saMskAra sAmagrI kA spaSTata: ullekha huA hai| isameM pauSTika kriyA kI sAmagrI, maMgalagIta gAne vAlI, vAditra bajAne vAle, sArasvata mantra ke upadeza kI kriyA, dakSiNA sAmagrI, dAna sAmagrI Adi anivArya kahe gae haiN|15 vidyAraMbha saMskAra kI prAcyakAlIna vidhi zvetAmbara- * pUrvokta kisI zubha dina meM gRhastha guru upanIta puruSa ke ghara meM Akara pauSTika karma kre| * usake bAda vaha gRhastha guru jinAlaya, upAzraya yA kadaMba vRkSa ke nIce darbha ke Asana para baiThe aura ziSya ko apanI bAIM ora darbha ke Asana para bitthaae| * usake bAda ziSya ke dAhine karNa ko pUjita kara tIna bAra sarasvatI mantra sunaae| * tatpazcAt vaha gRhastha guru bailagAr3I yA azva para biThAkara maMgalagIta gAte hue evaM dAna dete hue gAje-bAje ke sAtha ziSya ko apane ghara yA anya adhyApaka kI zAlA meM le jAne se pUrva upAzraya meM yati-guru ke pAsa le jaae| * vahA~ bAlaka dvArA maMDalIpUjA, vAsanikSepa Adi krvaae| phira pAThazAlA le jaae| phira ziSya se guru ke sammukha nimna zloka par3havAe ajJAna timirAndhAnAM, jJAnAMjana zalAkayA / netramunmIlitaM yena, tasmai zrI gurave namaH / /

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa... 239 * usake bAda gRhastha guru svarNa tathA vastra kI dakSiNA lekara apane ghara kI ora prasthAna kre| * usake bAda adhyApaka sabase pahale mAtRkAkSara arthAta varNamAlA pddh'aae| * tadanantara brAhmaNa ho to prathama Ayurveda, phira SaDaMga aura purANa Adi dharmazAstra pddh'aaeN| kSatriya ho to caudaha vidyA paDhAeM, phira Ayurveda, dhanurveda, daMDanIti aura AjIvikA - zAstra pddh'aaeN| vaizya ko dharmazAstra, nItizAstra, kAmazAstra aura arthazAstra pddh'aaeN| zUdra ko nItizAstra aura AjIvikA-zAstra pddh'aaeN| zikSA ke pUrNa hone ke bAda sAdhuoM ko AhAra-vastrapAtra aura pustaka Adi kA dAna deN| 16 digambara - digambara paramparA meM isa saMskAra vidhi kA ullekha karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama apanI zakti ke anusAra jinamandira meM yA gRha para jinapratimA kI pUjA kareM aura kuzala gRhastha vratI ko hI usa bAlaka ke lie adhyApaka pada para niyukta kareM / vaha adhyApaka sarvaprathama 'OM namaH siddhebhyaH - yaha mantra bAlaka se vahIM para likhavAe aura usakA uccAraNa krvaae| usake bAda lipisaMkhyAna ke avasara para AzIrvAda pradAna kre| usa samaya nimna maMtra boleM'zabdapAragAmI bhava, arthapAragAmI bhava, zabdArtha sambandha pAragAmI bhv|' phira bAlaka ko lipi - pustaka dI jaae| 17 gRha vaidika - vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke lie sUrya ke uttarAyaNa mAsoM meM se koI bhI zubha dina nizcita kara liyA jAtA hai / usa dina sarvaprathama bAlaka ko snAna karavAte haiM aura sugandhita padArthoM tathA sundara veza -: - bhUSA se use alaMkRta kiyA jAtA hai| usake bAda vinAyaka, sarasvatI, bRhaspati aura devatA kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / nArAyaNa aura lakSmI kI ArAdhanA karate haiM tathA veda aura vaidika sUtrakAroM ke prati Adara prakaTa karate haiN| tadanantara homa kiyA jAtA hai| phira adhyApaka ko pUrva dizA meM aura vidyArthI bAlaka ko pazcima dizA kI ora mukha karake biThAte haiN| isake pazcAta guru bAlaka ko par3hAnA prArambha karate haiN| usa samaya rajataphalaka (patra) para kezara tathA anya dravya bikhera die jAte haiM aura svarNalekhanI se usa para akSara likhe jAte haiN| svarNalekhanI aura rajataphalaka vAlI bAta dhanika parivAroM ke lie hI saMbhava hai ataH isa avasara ke lie vizeSa rUpa se nirmita kI gaI lekhanI se cAvala para nimna akSara likhe jAte haiM- zrI gaNezAya nama:, sarasvatyai namaH, gRhadevatAbhyo namaH,

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240...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana lakSmInArAyaNAbhyAM nmH| isake anantara 'OM namaH siddhAya' likhA jAtA hai18, taba bAlaka guru kI arcanA karatA hai| usake bAda guru bAlaka se likhe hue akSaroM aura ukta vAkyoM ko bAlaka se tIna bAra par3havAte haiN| tatpazcAta bAlaka guru ko vastra AbhUSaNa Adi bheMTa karatA hai aura devatAoM kI tIna pradakSiNA karatA hai| isa avasara para brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA dI jAtI hai tathA unheM sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| ve bAlaka ko AzIrvAda dete haiN| jo nAriyA~ saubhAgyavatI aura putra vAlI haiM, ve AratI utAratI haiN| anta meM guru ko eka pagar3I yA sAphA bheMTa kiyA jAtA samAvarttana saMskAra- vaidika paramparA meM terahavA~ samAvartana nAma kA saMskAra kahA gayA hai| samAvartana kA zAbdika artha hai-samyak zikSA grahaNa kara gRhastha jIvana meM punaH lauttnaa| samAvartana vidyAdhyayana kA antima saMskAra hai| vidyAdhyayana pUrNa ho jAne ke anantara vedapaThita brahmacArI guru kI AjJA pAkara apane ghara meM samAvartita hotA hai arthAta lauTatA hai isIlie ise samAvartana saMskAra kahA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke pazcAta ziSya ko gRhasthAzrama meM jAne kI anumati mila jAtI hai| ___ isa saMskAra meM veda mantroM se abhimantrita jalapUrita ATha kalazoM se vizeSa vidhi pUrvaka brahmacArI ko snAna karAyA jAtA hai, isIlie yaha veda snAna saMskAra bhI kahalAtA hai| isa saMskAra meM guru dakSiNA pradAna karanA, mauMjI-mekhalA kA tyAga karanA, guru dvArA jIvanopayogI zikSA pradAna karanA Adi kRtya sampanna kie jAte haiN| Ajakala ke dIkSAnta samAroha bhI samAvartana-saMskAra kA hI eka anukaraNa rUpa hai| vidyAraMbha saMskAra sambandhI kriyAkalApoM ke bahu pakSIya prayojana vidyArambha nAmaka yaha saMskAra bAlaka yA bAlikA ko pahalI bAra vidyAdhyayana karavAe jAne se sambaddha hai| jaba bAlaka pahalI bAra pAThazAlA yA gurukula meM par3hane jAtA hai, usa dina yaha saMskAra sampanna karate haiN| usake bAda usakA vidyAdhyayana nizcita avadhi ke lie zurU ho jAtA hai| sAmAnyata: vidyArambha saMskAra dvArA bAlaka yA bAlikA meM usa prakAra ke saMskAroM ke AropaNa kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, jinake AdhAra para unakI zikSA

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa 241 mAtra akSara jJAna na rahakara jIvana nirmANa karane vAlI tathA hitakArI bne| isa saMskAra yA samAroha dvArA bAlaka ke mana meM jJAna prApti ke lie utsAha paidA kiyA jAtA hai| utsAhavarddhaka manobhUmi meM devArAdhana tathA tatsambandhI kRtyoM se vA~chita jJAnaparaka saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa bhI saMbhava hotA hai| dUsarA ullekhanIya yaha hai ki vidyAraMbha saMskAra meM kI jAne vAlI sabhI vidhiyA~ viziSTa mahattva vAlI haiM aura kisI-na-kisI prayojana se sambandhita haiM ataH bAlaka kI manobhUmi para una vidhi- vidhAnoM kA bhI prabhAva par3atA hai| kucha vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prayojana isa prakAra haiM gaNeza pUjana kyoM ? gaNeza ko vidyA kA aura sarasvatI ko zikSA kA devatA mAnA gayA hai| vidyA aura zikSA- donoM eka-dUsare kI pUraka haiN| eka ke binA dUsarI adhUrI hai| zikSA use kahate haiM, jo skUloM meM par3hAI jAtI hai / bhASA, lipi, gaNita, itihAsa, cikitsA Adi vibhinna prakAra ke bhautika - jJAna isI kSetra meM Ate haiN| zikSA se mastiSkIya kSamatA vikasita hotI hai| zikSA ko laukika pragati kI kuMjI kaha sakate haiM, isIlie kahA gayA hai bhagavatI sarasvatI kI jo ArAdhanA karatA hai, use laukika - sukha-sAdhanoM kI kamI nahIM rahatI hai| vidyA kA pratinidhitva gaNeza karate haiN| vidyA kA artha hai- viveka evaM sadbhAva kI shkti| gaNeza kA smaraNa yA pUjana zubha kArya meM sabase prathama kiyA jAtA hai, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki usa kArya ke mUla meM saduddezya kA samAveza ho| usI ke dvArA vyakti evaM samAja kA vAstavika kalyANa saMbhava hai| kitanI bAra catura vyakti anucita kAryoM se saphalatAe~ to prApta kara lete haiM, para unakA antataH duSpariNAma hI hotA hai| gaNeza-pUjana dvArA pratyeka kArya nirvidhnatayA ho yaha apekSA kI jAtI hai isalie kisI bhI kArya ke prArambha meM gaNeza-pUjana kie jAne kI paramparA ati prAcInakAla se calI A rahI hai| sarasvatI mantra kI ArAdhanA kisalie? jaina-paramparA meM vidyAraMbha saMskAra kI mUla vidhi kA prArambha karate samaya sarasvatI - mantra sunAyA jAtA hai aura vaidika paramparA meM sarasvatI kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki sabhI deviyoM meM yaha prAcInatama mAnI gaI hai| ise jJAna kI devI kahA hai| jJAna kI sAdhanA isa saMsAra meM sarvopari puruSArtha hai| mAnasika-vikAsa para vyaktitva kA vikAsa nirbhara hai aura vikasita vyaktitva dvArA hI sarva zaktiyA~

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242... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana upArjita kI jAtI haiN| cintana, manana, satsaMga Adi bhI mAnasika vikAsa ke lie zreSTha upAya haiM para una sabakA mUla zikSA hI hai| zikSA ke binA mastiSka kA itanA vikAsa bhI nahIM ho pAtA hai ki vaha mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kI bhUmikA ko ThIka se samajha ske| vaha zikSA hI hai, jo manuSya - zarIra meM sabase mahattvapUrNa mastiSka ko vikasita kara sakatI hai tathA jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM meM saphalatAoM ke dvAra khola sakatI hai, isalie isa saMskAra meM sarasvatI kI upAsanA, arcanA, mantra zravaNa Adi kRtya anivArya rUpa se kie jAte haiM / devI-devatAoM kI ArAdhanA kyoM? jaina evaM vaidika donoM paramparAoM ke bahuta se anuSThAna usa prakAra ke haiM jinake prArambha, madhya yA anta meM devIdevatAoM kA smaraNa, pUjana aura unakI ArAdhanA Adi avazya kI jAtI hai| isake pIche bhI eka rahasya hai / hamArI saMskRti pratyeka vastu ko parokSa kI sattA se jor3atI haiM, puruSArtha ke alAvA paramArtha kA bhI astitva svIkAratI haiM ataH vidyArambha saMskAra meM akSarArambha se pUrva kucha devI-devatAoM kI arcanA kI jAtI hai, vaidika paramparA meM prastuta saMskAra ke samaya viSNu, sarasvatI evaM lakSmI kI pUjA pramukhataH mAnI gaI hai| unakI avadhAraNA ke anusAra lakSmI preyasa mArga kI pratinidhi hai sarasvatI zreyas mArga kI adhiSThAtrI hai evaM viSNu donoM ke madhya eka vilakSaNa samanvaya sthApita karane vAle samanvayaka ke rUpa meM avasthita haiN| isa prakAra vaha bAlaka ina tInoM tattvoM kI pUjA ke dvArA unake prati sammAna pradarzita kara akSarArambha ke mAdhyama se zreyomArga va preyomArga kI samanvayAtmaka sthiti meM pahu~cane kI ora prayatnazIla banatA hai / yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki kisI bhI kArya meM devI- devatAoM kI ArAdhanA andhavizvAsa kI upaja nahIM kahI jA sktii| isameM bhI vaijJAnikatA nihita hai| laukika vyavahAra meM nityaprati anubhava kiyA jAtA hai ki kisI bhI kArya ke samaya vyakti ko yadi vizvAsa ho ki mere pIche eka atyanta hI mahattvapUrNa zakti sahAyatA karane vAlI hai to vaha vyakti dugane utsAha evaM vizvAsa ke sAtha apane lakSya meM pravRtta hotA hai, ThIka isake viparIta koI viziSTa AdamI bhI kisI sAmAnya kArya ko karate samaya bhI yadi akelApana mahasUsa karane lage to kabhI - kabhI usakI himmata TUTane lagatI hai| aisA anubhava hameM kArya jagat ke pratyeka kSetra meM hotA hai, yahI tathya bhAratIya saMskRti kI

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa ...243 pratyeka vidhA meM nihita hai, isIlie vyakti dvArA kie jAne vAle pratyeka kArya ko pAralaukika-zaktiyoM se jor3A gayA hai, jisase vyakti ke utsAha evaM vikAsa meM vRddhi hotI hai| vidyArambha saMskAra pA~ca varSa kI avadhi ke bAda hI kyoM? vidyArambha saMskAra bAlaka kI pA~ca varSa kI Ayu athavA usake pazcAta karane kA yaha kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki prArambha ke pA~ca varSoM taka zizu kA jIvana lAr3a-pyAra se bharA hotA hai| isa avadhi meM usakI capalatA, ajJAnatA evaM citta kI asthiratA parAkASThA para hotI hai| sAmAnyata: pA~ca varSa ke bAda hI bacce kI buddhi paripakva hone lagatI hai, usameM grAhya zakti kA AvirbhAva hone lagatA hai isIlie bhAratIya paramparA meM vidyArambha ke lie upayukta samaya pA~cavAM varSa yA usake bAda kA samaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna yuga kampyUTara kA yuga hai| vartamAna jIvana zailI bhI drutagatimAna ho gaI hai| tadanurUpa vidyAdhyayana kA AraMmbha bhI nirdiSTa avadhi ke pUrva hone laga gayA hai| aba to DhAI-tIna varSa ke bacce ko hI skUla meM bhartI kara dete haiN| yaha kitanA sahI aura sArthaka pariNAma de sakegA, yaha samayAdhIna hai| isa prakAra yaha saMskAra evaM tatsambandhI vidhi-vidhAna rahasyapUrNa prayojanoM ko liye hue haiN| vidyArambha saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa jaba hama vidyAraMbha saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM to zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika paramparA kI bahuta-sI samAnatAe~ aura asamAnatAe~ svata: parilakSita ho jAtI haiN| sAtha hI isa saMskAra kI mUlyavattA kA digdarzana bhI ho jAtA hai| ____ nAma kI dRSTi se- yaha saMskAra tInoM paramparAoM meM svIkArA gayA hai, kintu nAma ko lekara AMzika bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isakA nAma adhyayanArambha, digambara meM lipisaMkhyAna evaM vaidikadharma meM vidyAraMbha hai| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki isa saMskAra meM nAma kI dRSTi se bhinnatA hone para bhI artha kI dRSTi se koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| tInoM paramparAoM kA tAtparya bAlaka ko vidyAdhyayana prAraMbha karavAnA hai|

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244...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana krama kI dRSTi se- isa saMskAra krama ko lekara manana kareM to zvetAmbarAdi paramparAoM meM isa saMskAra kA krama pUrNataH samAna nahIM hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara mata meM isakA sthAna terahavA~ hai, jabaki vaidika mata meM yaha dasaveM sthAna para hai| ____ adhikArI kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM dhArAe~ isa saMskAra ko karAne ke adhikArI jaina brAhmaNa ko mAnatI haiM, yahI tathya vaidika paramparA meM bhI mAnya hai, kintu vaha guru (AcArya) ko bhI isake kartA ke rUpa meM mAnatI hai| isa taraha hindU dharma meM kucha vidhi-vidhAna brAhmaNa dvArA, to kucha vidhi-vidhAna guru dvArA kie jAte haiN| zubha dina kI dRSTi se- yaha saMskAra kisa dina kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa bAta ko lekara tInoM paramparAoM meM zubha nakSatra Adi kA ullekha hai| vizeSa itanA hai ki AcAradinakara meM yaha carcA adhika vistRta aura vidhi-niSedha ke sAtha kI gaI hai| ___kAla kI dRSTi se- sAmAnyatayA digambara evaM vaidika mata meM isa saMskAra kA kAla bAlaka ke janma se pA~cavAM varSa mAnA gayA hai arthAta jaba bAlaka pA~ca varSa kA ho jAe to vidyArambha saMskAra kara denA caahie| isameM donoM dhArAe~ samAna haiM, kintu vaidika mata se apavAdata: yaha saMskAra upanayana ke pUrva taka kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne kAla kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| sthAna kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM ke anusAra yaha saMskAra jinAlaya meM kiyA jAnA caahie| zvetAmbara AcAryoM ke anusAra vaikalpika rUpa se yaha saMskAra upAzraya yA kaMdabavRkSa ke nIce bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA digambara mata se gRha-AMgana meM kara sakate haiN| vaidika granthoM meM sthAna vizeSa kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| mantra kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara Adi tInoM paramparAoM meM vidyArambha ke pUrva kahe jAne vAle mantroM meM lagabhaga bhinnatA hai tathA tatkAlIna vidhi meM bhI antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra prArambha karane ke pUrva upanIta ke dAhine kAna meM sarasvatI-mantra sunAne kA nirdeza hai| digambara paramparA meM 'U~-OM namaH siddhebhyaH' mantra likhavAne evaM uccAraNa karavAne kA ullekha hai| vaidika mata meM bhI pUrvokta kucha akSaroM aura kucha mantroM ko likhane evaM uccArita karavAne kA varNana hai|

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa ...245 vidhi kI daSTi se- vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi ko lekara vicAra kareM, to unameM AMzika samAnatA aura bahuta-sI vibhinnatAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiN| tInoM paramparAoM meM saMskAra prArambha karane se pUrva apane-apane iSTa devoM evaM paramAtmAoM kI pUjA tathA unakI ArAdhanA karane ko Avazyaka mAnA hai| digambara ke atirikta zeSa do paramparAoM meM vidhikAraka brAhmaNa ko dakSiNA denA bhI Avazyaka batalAyA hai| yadi antara kI dRSTi se dekheM, to zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra bAlaka ko utsava-mahotsava ke sAtha pAThazAlA le jAnA, yatiguru ke darzana karavAnA tathA varNa ke anusAra vidyAdhyayana karavAnA anivArya hai| ye vidhi-kRtya zeSa do dhArAoM meM pracalita nahIM haiN| vaidika paramparA meM nirdiSTa lekhanI dvArA cAvala ke Upara kucha akSara evaM mantra Adi likhavAye jAte haiN| yaha vidhi zeSa do dhArAoM meM pracalita nahIM hai| saMkSepata: yaha saMskAra atIva mahattva kA hai| bAlaka ke lie anukUla vAtAvaraNa banAne hetu isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bahuta se kArya sampanna kie jAte haiN| ye kArya itane prabhAvapUrNa hote haiM ki vidyArthI ko anAyAsa hI vidyAbhyAsa ke lie prerita kara dete haiN| vartamAnakAla meM yaha vidhi pUrNatayA surakSita hai yA nahIM? kahanA kaThina hai, kintu itanA avazya hai ki isakI maulikatA itihAsa ke pRSThoM para sadaiva akSuNNa rhegii| upasaMhAra lipi meM prayukta hone vAle akSaroM se jisa saMskAra kA zrIgaNeza kiyA jAeM, use akSarArambha yA vidyArambha-saMskAra kahate haiN| yaha saMskAra bAlaka ko vidyAdhyayana karavAne ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| vidyA manuSya kI asalI pahacAna hai| isa duniyA~ meM pratyeka mAnava kA vikAsa yA hrAsa vidyA ko grahaNa karane athavA grahaNa nahIM karane para AdhArita hai| sRSTi ke samasta prANiyoM meM mAnavajAti kA sarvopari sthAna hai| usakA kevala eka hI kAraNa hai usakI jJAnArjana kssmtaa| yadi manuSya ke pAsa vidyA na ho, to anya prANI bhI usase adhika sammAnita ho sakate haiM, kintu yathArtha meM vaisA hai nhiiN| ___ hama dekhate haiM ki jo vyakti suzikSita hotA hai, use hI samAja meM ucca pada para biThAyA jAtA hai, use sarvatra agrima sthAna milatA hai, usakI mahimA evaM garimA dina-duganI bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| vaha parivAra se lekara rASTra taka zAnti,

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246... ... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana samatA, ekatA, samanvayazIlatA Adi guNoM ko sthApita karane meM sakSama hotA hai| isa saMskAra ke pIche na kevala akSarajJAna yA pustakIya jJAna karavAne kA uddezya rahA huA hai, apitu jIvana nirmANa se lekara rASTra nirmANa kI bhAvanAe~ bhI nihita haiN| zikSA kA vAstavika uddezya yahI kahalAtA hai| Adhunika zikSA paddhati vicAraNIya hai| Aja kI zikSA meM 'vidyA dadAti vinayam" vAlI zikSAe~ lupta hotI jA rahI haiN| aba adhyApaka varga bhI vyAvasAyika dRSTi se par3hAte haiM / gurukuloM kI vyavasthA samApta - sI ho rahI haiN| zikSA eka vyavasAya yA udyoga bana gayA hai| yahA~ vidyAdhyayana saMskAra ke sambandha meM jo vidhi-vidhAna kahe gae haiM, ve gurukula kI apekSA se nirdiSTa haiM aura vahI praNAlI isa saMskAra ko sArthakatA pradAna kara sakatI hai| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM vidyArambha saMskAra sabhI saMskAroM meM pramukha hai tathA manuSya meM manuSyatva kA vikAsa karanA yahI isa saMskAra kA carama lakSya hai| sandarbha - sUcI 1. (ka) bhagavatI, aMgasuttANi, 11/11/156 (kha) jJAtAdharmakathA, aMgasuttANi, 1/84 (ga) aupapAtika, madhukaramuni, pR. 10 (gha) rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni, pR. 280 2. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 137 3. vahI, pR. 138-39 4. vahI, pR. 137 5. SoDaza saMskAra vivecana, zrIrAmazarmA AcArya, pR. 8-1 6. vahI, pR. 8-2 7. AcAradinakara, pR. 30 8. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 141 9. AcAradinakara, pR. 30 10. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 12 11. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. -1, pR. 206 12. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 12

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vidyArambha saMskAra vidhi kA rahasyAtmaka svarUpa ... 247 13. vIramitrodayasaMskAra, bhA.-1, pR. 321 14. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 140-41 15. AcAradinakara, pR. 31 16. vahI, pR. 30-31 17. (ka) AdipurANa, parva-38, pR. 248 (kha) jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 12-13 18. isase hindU-saMskAroM para jaina dharma kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| 19. (ka) hindUsaMskAra, pR. 141-42 (kha) musalamAnoM meM bhI akSarArambha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| ise 'vismillA khAni' kahA gayA hai| yaha saMskAra vidhi pA~cave varSa ke cauthe mAsa ke cauthe dina kI jAtI hai|

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adhyAya - 15 vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa vivAha, sAmAjika vyavasthA kA amUlya aMga hai| isI ke AdhAra para sampUrNa sAmAjika saMracanA nirbhara karatI hai| isI kAraNa vivAha saMskAra ko advitIya evaM sammAnajanaka sthAna prApta hai| yaha eka aisA saMskAra hai, jo Aja bhI sabhI vargoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM pracalita hai aura samAroha pUrvaka sampanna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha gRhastha dharma kA AdhArabhUta saMskAra hai| yadi isakI maryAdA kA sahI rIti se nirvAha kiyA jAe, to yaha kevala daihika AvazyakatA kI paripUrti hI nahIM karatA, apitu naitika evaM sAmAjika vyavasthA meM bhI sahAyaka banatA hai| ___ zvetAmbara paramparA meM caudahavA~ saMskAra vivAha nAma kA hai, jabaki digambara meM caudahavA~ upanIti nAma kA evaM vaidika paramparA meM kezAnta nAma kA saMskAra mAnA gayA hai| yadi tulya artha kI dRSTi se dekheM, to vivAha saMskAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM caudahaveM, digambara paramparA meM solahaveM evaM vaidika paramparA meM pandrahaveM sthAna para hai| vivAha zabda kA pAribhASika artha * vivAha-vi' upasarga pUrvaka, 'vaha' dhAtu meM 'ghaJ' pratyaya ke yoga se banA hai| vivAha kA artha hai-vizeSa prakAra se vahana karanA arthAta vizeSa prakAra se pArasparika dAyitvoM kA vahana karanA vivAha hai| * vivAha kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai- 'vizeSeNa vAhyate iti vivAhaH' arthAta jo vizeSa prakAra se vahana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vivAha hai| athavA viziSTa prakAra se pArasparika sambandhoM ko vahana karanA vivAha hai| yadi hama isa artha kI kucha vistRta vyAkhyA kareM to do prazna upasthita hote haiM ki kise aura kisa prakAra se vahana karanA? ina donoM praznoM daihika sambandha yA kAma-bhoga kI dRSTi se hI vicAra nahIM karanA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM isakI vyAkhyA janma-janmAntara

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...249 ke sambandha ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM bhautika jIvana dRSTi vaha hai jisakA prArambha, madhya evaM avasAna isI dharatI para hotA hai jaise- purUSa-strI kA yauna sambandhoM ke AdhAra para eka sAmAjika-rekhA ke andara baMdhanA, sAMsArika bhoga vilAsa meM rata rahanA, saMtAnotpAdana karanA, gRhastha dharma kA saMcAlana karanA, sAmAjika- dAyitvoM kA pAlana aadi| inhIM binduoM ke pariprekSya meM 'vizeSa' aura 'vahana' zabda kA artha nirNIta karanA hai| sAmAnyatayA vivAha-saMskAra ke dvArA ina dAyitvoM ko eka uttama tarIke se sampAdita karanA vizeSa vahana karanA mAnA jA sakatA hai| * sAyaNa ne vivAha zabda kI nirUkti isa prakAra kI hai- 'tadidaM viparyAsena sambandhanayanaM vivAham' arthAta paraspara virUddha svabhAvI do maulika zaktiyoM kA vizvakalyANa ke uddezya se anyonya sambandha sthApita karanA 'vivAha' hai| * vivAha kI paryAya vAcyArtha kucha paribhASAe~ nimna haiM- udvAha-isakA artha hai, kanyA ko Upara le jaanaa| vivAha arthAta kanyA ko vizeSa prayojana se le jaanaa| pariNaya-isakA artha hai, kisI ke sAtha parikramA karanA yA agni kI pradakSiNA denA yA prema krnaa| upayama-isakA artha hai, sannikaTa le jAnA aura apanA banA lenaa| pANigrahaNa-isakA artha hai, hAtha pkdd'naa| yadyapi ye paryAya nAma vivAha-saMskAra kA kevala eka-eka pakSa hI batAte haiM, tathApi ina zabdoM kA prayoga vivAha ke artha meM huA hai| isa prakAra vivAha zabda ke aneka artha haiN| * jaina paramparAnusAra vivAha kI kiMcid paribhASAe~ nimnokta haiMtattvArtharAjavarttika meM sAtAvedanIya aura cAritramohanIya ke udaya se vivahana, arthAta kanyAvaraNa karane ko vivAha kahA gayA hai| AcArya somadeva ne nItivAkyAmRta meM kahA hai ki agni, vItarAgI deva aura dvija(pratiSThAcArya) kI sAkSI pUrvaka pANigrahaNa kriyA kA sampanna honA vivAha hai| * bhAratIya mAnyatAnusAra vivAha saMskAra kI katipaya paribhASAe~ isa prakAra haiM1. jisase saMskRta hokara mAnava vizeSata: veda, loka, prajA aura dharma ina cAra bhAvoM kI kRtakRtyatA sampAdana karane meM samartha hotA hai, vaha vivAha saMskAra hai|

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250...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. jisa saMskAra ke bala se mAnava apane gRhastha paMpaca ke sAtha saMyukta karane meM samartha hote haiM vahI saMskAra 'vivAha saMskAra' hai| 3. jisa saMskAra se saMskRta hone para zarIra ke pRthak-pRthak rahane para bhI saMskRta do vyaktiyoM kI AtmA eka bana jAtI hai, vaha vivAha saMskAra hai| laukika dRSTi se dekheM to vivAha eka laukika karma hai, vaiSayika tRpti kA sAdhana mAtra hai, parantu prabuddha mAnava kI dRSTi meM 'vivAha' eka alaukika sambandha hai, jo kabhI kisI bhI upAya se vicchinna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 4. jisa saMskAra ke bala se mAnava mAnavI mAtra meM nisargata: pravRtta apane rAga ko eka mAnavI meM aura mAnavI mAnava mAtra meM nisargata: pravRtta apane rAga ko eka mAnava meM niyantrita karane hetu samartha ho sake, vahI vivAha saMskAra hai| 5. jisa saMskAra ke bala se laukika rAga ko divya rAga meM pariNata kiyA jA sake, vahI divya saMskAra vivAha saMskAra hai| laukika prema Asakti hai aura alaukika prema bhakti hai| laukika Asakti saMsAra hai aura Izvara meM Asakti bhakti hai| bhakti hI mukti hai| ___laukika Asakti kA tirobhAva evaM alaukika Asakti kA AvirbhAvabrahmacarya, saMyama, sevA aura sadAcAra jaise divya guNoM se hI sambhava hai| ina divya guNoM ke prakaTIkaraNa meM vivAha hI sahakArI hotA hai| isa taraha maharSi vAtsyAyana ne vivAha ko mukti kA pAramparika kAraNa mAnA hai| 6. jisa saMskAra se samAja vyaktigata svAtantrya, kuTumba-svAtantrya, samAja svAtantrya, rASTra-svAtantrya, vizva-svAtantrya rakSA kI ora unmukha ho sakeM, vahI vizva rakSaka saMskAra vivAha saMskAra hai| vedoM meM tantra zabda kA artha maryAdA kiyA hai ata: apanI-apanI naisargika maryAdA hI apanA svAtantrya hai| isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki pratyeka dazA meM vivAha saMskAra ke artha ko ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...251 vividha saMskRtiyoM meM vivAha kA svarUpa vivAha do AtmAoM kA pavitra bandhana hai| isake dvArA do prANI apane alaga astitvoM ko samApta kara eka sammilita ikAI kA nirmANa karate haiN| saMsAra ke pratyeka vyakti meM khubiyA~ aura khAmiyA~ donoM tattva rahe hue haiN| vivAha dvArA eka-dUsare kI apUrNatAoM ko apanI vizeSatAoM se pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai| isase vyakti ke samagra vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai, isalie vivAha ko sAmAnyatayA mAnava jIvana kI eka AvazyakatA mAnA gayA hai| __ eka mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha bhI hai ki dharmanIti, samAjanIti evaM lokanIti kI maryAdAoM ko asvIkAra karate hae aniyaMtrita rIti se svecchAcAra karanA 'svacchandatA' hai jabaki inhIM maryAdAoM ko viveka pUrvaka svIkAra karate hue niyaMtrita jIvana jInA 'svatantratA' hai| donoM me gati to hai, kintu antara niyaMtraNa kA hai| jaise vAhana cAlU (gati meM) hai, parantu usakA niyaMtraka (DrAivara) na ho, to vaha sva-para ke lie ghAtaka siddha hotA hai, isI prakAra amaryAdita jIvana yAtrA bhI vyakti ke svayaM ke lie evaM samparka meM Ane vAle anya vyaktiyoM ke lie bhI ghAtaka siddha hotI hai ata: vivAha maryAdita jIvana zailI kA sAkSAta svarUpa hai| yaha eka aisA saMskAra hai, jo pati-patnI ke jIvana rUpI gAr3I ko gRhastha dharma rUpI paTariyoM para maryAdita karake gatizIla rakhatA hai| jaba taka nara yA nArI, pati aura patnI ke dharma kI maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate haiM, unakI gAr3I kabhI paTarI se nahIM utaratI hai balki ve dharma, artha evaM kAma rUpI lakSyoM ko prApta karate hue mokSa rUpI parama lakSya ko bhI prApta kara sakate haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vivAha ko eka saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, jabaki Adhunika jagata meM ise 'viSaya bhoga kA vaidhAnika pramANa patra' mAnate haiN| yaha dRSTi badalAva kA kAraNa hai aura ina donoM ke pariNAma bhI spaSTa haiN| eka meM niSThA, sahayoga aura samarpaNa ke sAtha pArasparika vizvAsa evaM eka dUsare kI manobhAvanAoM kA sammAna karate hue caturvidha purUSArtha kI sAdhanA karate haiM, jabaki dUsare meM 'pramANa patra' ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane vAle dampati kaI bAra isa pramANa patra ko badala lete haiM, lekina yathArtha meM vivAha-sevA, samarpaNa evaM vizvAsa kI eka anugUMja hai|

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252... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya paramparA meM vivAha ke Ayojana meM aneka prakAra kI aupacArikatAe~ evaM anuSThAna kie jAte haiN| yaha dAmpatyasUtra meM baMdhane vAle yugala ko manovaijJAnika rUpa se eka-dUsare ke prati niSThAvAna banAte haiN| jo inakI manovaijJAnikatA ko nahIM samajha pAte haiM, ve loga(Adhunika pIr3hI) inheM 'vyartha kA ADaMbara', 'DhakosalA' aura 'samaya evaM dhana kI barabAdI' jaisI upAdhiyA~ pradAna karate haiN| ve 'phAsTaphUDa' kI taraha 'iMsTaMTa mairija' kI ora adhika dhyAna dene lage haiM, kintu inake pariNAma sundara nahIM aate| pratyeka aupacArikatA evaM anuSThAna kA bhI apanA eka uddezya aura mahattva hotA hai| jaise mA~ yA patnI dvArA banAyA huA bhojana ho, usameM kevala bhojana ke rasa hI nahIM hote, balki AtmIyatA, sneha evaM apanatva kI bhAvanAe~ bhI hotI haiM, isI prakAra bhAratIya paddhati ke anusAra vivAha saMbaMdhI anuSThAna dAmpatya jIvana meM AdhyAtmika sarasatA ke saMskAroM kA nirmANa karate haiM, jinakA mAdhurya yAvajjIvana banA rahatA hai aura isIliye vivAha mAdhurya bhAvoM meM baMdhane kA eka amogha sUtra hai| gRhastha jIvana kI sArthakatA ke lie vivAha eka suparicita evaM maryAdita saMsthA hai| acche saMskArita jIvana ke lie Atma dharma aura lokadharma ina donoM kA pAlana karanA atyAvazyaka hai tathA loka dharma kA pAlana saMskArita vivAha sambandha para nirbhara hai| gRhastha jIvana meM rahate hue dharma, artha, kAma-ina tIna purUSArthoM ko prApta karanA saMbhava hai ataH bhArata kI sabhI prAcIna paramparAoM meM dhArmika, sAmAjika aura Arthika samanvaya ke lie vivAha ko Avazyaka vidhAna mAnA hai / " sAgAradharmAmRta meM kahA gayA hai ki 'vivAha meM uttama kanyA kA sambandha sAdharmI vyakti ke sAtha karane para use dharma, artha evaM kAma kI pUrti karane vAlA gRhasthAzrama pradAna kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki vidvajjana gRhiNI ko hI ghara kahate haiM, dIvAra aura chappara ko nhiiN| 7 samAhArataH vivAha eka maryAdita jIvana jIne kI uttama saMsthA hai, loka dharma pAlana kA mukhya kendra hai aura tIna puruSArthoM ko samanvita rUpa meM sAdhane kA amogha upAya hai| sAtha hI dhArmika, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika gatividhiyoM ko suvyavasthita rUpa dene kA eka pramukha sAdhana hai|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...253 vivAha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA vibhinna saMdarbho meM ____ bhAratIya saMskRti meM vivAha eka dhArmika saMskAra hai| yaha dharma dhAraka, saMskAra zodhaka evaM guNAdhAyaka tattva hai| saMskAra ke do artha ye bhI haiMmalApakarSaNa tathA guNAtizaya kA aadhaan| isa paribhASA ke anusAra strI-purUSa ke antaHkaraNa kI malinatA yA kaSAya bhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa karake unameM satItva, saMyama, vizuddha anurAga evaM dharmAnuSThAna Adi guNoM kA AdhAna karanA yahI vivAha saMskAra kA uddezya hai| yadyapi prajA utpAdana viSayaka bhAvanA bhI isameM nihita hotI hai, tathApi vaha dharma ke virUddha nahIM hotii| bhAratIya rAjanIti meM yaha krama batAyA gayA hai ki dharma se artha, artha se kAma aura kAma se sukha kA udaya hotA hai| jo dharma aura artha kA tyAga karake kevala kAma parAyaNa hotA hai, vaha apanI hI hAni kara baiThatA hai, ataeva yaha saMskAra dharma puSTi ke lakSya se kiyA jAtA hai| yadi isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke pIche aura bhI anya kAraNoM ko DhUMDhA jAe to pratiphalita hotA hai ki sAmAjika evaM pArivArika-jIvana kA samucita DhaMga se nirvAha karane ke lie yaha eka Avazyaka aMga hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se sahiSNu evaM karmazIla samAja kI sthApanA hotI hai| sadAcArI aura saMyamaniSTha samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai, AtmA kI unnati hotI hai, pati-patnI meM utpanna hone vAlA prema pavitra hotA hai, saMtAna dharmaniSTha banatI hai| yaha isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kA prathama kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM pratyeka vyakti ke lie cAra AzramoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai, unameM se dUsarA Azrama gRhasthAzrama hai| isa Azrama meM praveza karane ke lie vivAha eka anivArya zarta rUpa hai, ata: gRhasthAzrama kA saMcAlana karane hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai| - hindU paramparA ke smRti granthoM meM to purUSa ko anivArya rUpa se vivAha karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai kyoMki isake abhAva meM vaha apatnIka purUSa ayajJIya kahalAtA hai, jo usake lie atyanta nindA sUcaka zabda mAnA jAtA rahA hai| vivAha ke abhAva meM use dhArmika kriyAoM kA adhikArI bhI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, ata: isa adhikAra ko prApta karane ke uddezya se bhI yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra kA eka kAraNa vaMza paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhanA bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki svacchaMda yauna sambandhoM meM vaMza yA kula paramparA ko banAe

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254...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana rakhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| sAtha hI hindU paramparA meM 'aputrasya gatirnAsti' ke anusAra putra kI prApti hetu vivAha Avazyaka hai| smRti granthoM ke AdhAra para Azrama vyavasthA ko IzvarIya vidhAna mAnA gayA hai aura phalasvarUpa usakA pAlana karanA pratyeka vyakti ke lie dhArmika karttavya banatA hai ata: isa karttavya kA paripAlana karane hetu yaha saMskAra anivArya rUpa se kiyA jAtA hogaa| vyaktitva-vikAsa ke lie bhI gRhasthAzrama anivArya mAnA gayA hai| gRhasthAzrama(vivAha) kI AvazyakatA ko rekhAMkita karate hue manusmRtikAra ne kahA hai- Ayu kA Adya bhAga gurukula meM, dvitIya bhAga vivAhayukta gRhasthAzrama meM, tRtIya bhAga vana meM aura caturtha bhAga ke samaya samasta sAMsArika saMgoM kA tyAgakara saMnyAsa grahaNa kara lenA caahie|' hArIta ne kahA hai- jo vyakti ukta vidhi ke anusAra AzramoM kA pAlana karatA hai, vaha samasta lokoM para vijaya prApta kara brahmaloka prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai| dakSa ke anusAra- prathama tIna AzramoM kA vyatikrama nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jo isake viparIta AcaraNa karatA hai, usase adhika pApI saMsAra meM koI nahIM hai|10 astu, vivAha saMskAra sAmAjika saMgaThana kA mUla kendra hai| jisa prakAra samasta jantu apane jIvana ke lie vAyu para Azrita haiM, usI prakAra sampUrNa Azrama gRhasthAzrama para AdhArita haiN| isa dRSTi se bhI vivAha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA siddha hotI hai| yadi hama prAcIna kAla para dRSTipAta karate haiM, to jJAta hotA hai ki Arambha meM vaMza kI akSuNNatA banAe rakhane ke lie santAnotpatti hI vivAha kA pramukha uddezya thaa| devatAoM kI pUjA aura pitaroM kA zrAddhakarma santAna para hI avalambita thA, jo kevala vivAha dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA thaa| zanaiH zanaiH vivAha ke lie sAmAjika aura Arthika kAraNa bhI apekSita bana gae, kintu Aja to kAmavAsanA kI saMtuSTi hI adhika mahattvapUrNa ho gaI hai| yaha bhI vivAha saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko paripuSTa karatA hai| yadi hama anya dharmoM evaM anya dezoM ke AdhAra para isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko vyAkhyAyita karanA cAheM, to usake pramANa bhI upalabdha hote haiN| yUnAna meM vivAha ko atyanta Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai aura use eka pavitra saMskAra samajhA jAtA hai| unakA mAnanA hai ki vivAha dvArA vaMza-paramparA

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...255 akSuNNa rahatI hai, sampatti ke uttarAdhikArI kI samasyA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai aura pitaroM ke zrAddha kI paramparA bhI avicchinna rUpa se calatI rahatI hai, ataH avivAhita rahanA pUrvajoM ke virUddha eka pApa evaM aparAdha hai| ethensa meM yaha bhAvanA itanI baddhamUla ho gaI hai ki eka adhiniyama dvArA nagara ke prathama zAsaka ko isa bAta kI dekhabhAla karane kA Adeza diyA jAtA hai ki kahIM koI vaMza ucchinna na ho jaae|11 plUTArka likhatA hai ki spArTA meM avivAhita vyakti aneka adhikAroM se vaMcita kara diyA jAtA hai aura yuvaka avivAhita vayovRddhoM kA Adara nahIM karate haiN| anya rASTroM kI bhA~ti roma bhI vivAha ko mahattvapUrNa mAnatA hai tathA sArvajanika dRSTi se avivAhita rahane ko avAMchanIya samajhatA hai| IsAI dharma ke eka netA ne likhA hai- 'bhraSTAcAra ke nirodha ke lie pratyeka purUSa kI apanI patnI honI cAhie aura pratyeka strI kA apanA pti| yadi avivAhita purUSa aura striyA~ saMyama-sadAcAra evaM zIlamaya jIvana kA pAlana kara sakeM to ati uttama hai, kintu unameM yaha kSamatA na hoM, to vivAha kara lenA cAhie, kyoMki bhraSTAcAra va antardAha kI apekSA vivAha hI acchA hai|12| isa vivecana se phalita hotA hai ki vaMza paramparA ko akSuNNa banAe rakhane ke lie, kucha sAmAjika adhikAroM ko prApta karane ke lie, pArivArika dAyitvoM kA samucita rUpa se nirvahana karane ke lie, eka unnata evaM sadAcAramaya samAja kI sthApanA karane ke lie, bhraSTAcAra aura svacchaMdatA kI paramparA ko rokane ke lie tathA gRhasthAzrama kA paripAlana karane ke lie vivAhasaMskAra kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI gaI aura vaha ukta sabhI draSTiyoM se artha pUrNa hai| isa AdhAra para vivAha zArIrika hI nahIM, eka bhAvanAtmaka sambandha bhI hai| isake sAtha yaha samajha lenA bhI jarUrI hai ki zArIrika sambandha bhAvanAtmaka sambandhoM ke binA apUrNa hai| vivAha saMskAra kI prAcInatA sabhI paramparAoM meM vivAha saMskAra ko eka pavitra saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| yaha gRhastha jIvana kI eka uttama saMsthA mAnI gaI hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bahuta se uddezyoM evaM prayojanoM ko pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaba hama isa saMskAra ke udbhava, vikAsa evaM prAcInatA ko lekara vicAra karate haiM, to yaha saMskAra jaina evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM kI apekSA se prAcInatama siddha hotA hai|

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256...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina paramparA ke bhagavatI, praznavyAkaraNa, aupapAtika, rAjapraznIya13 Adi Agama granthoM meM vivAha saMskAra ko utsava-Ayojana pUrvaka sampanna karane ke spaSTa ullekha milate haiN| jaina mAnyatAnusAra isa yuga meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva bhagavAna ne isa saMskAra kA prArambha kiyA thaa| vaidika paramparA ke AzvalAyana, pAraskara, baudhAyana Adi gRhyasUtroM meM vivAha ko pahalA saMskAra kahA gayA hai arthAta isa saMskAra ko solaha saMskAroM meM pahalA sthAna diyA hai| gRhyasUtroM kI avagaNanA vaidika paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM kI jAtI hai| isa dRSTi se vaidika paramparA meM bhI yaha saMskAra ati prAcInakAla se kiyA jAtA rahA hai-aisA siddha hotA hai| ___ isa sambandha meM yaha kaha pAnA muzkila hai ki isakA udbhava kaba aura kina paristhitiyoM meM huaa| yadyapi vaidika granthoM evaM jaina dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para yaha kaha sakate haiM ki isa saMskAra kA udbhava na kevala yauna sambandhoM ko lekara huA apitu saMtAna prApti ke Adarza kI pRSThabhUmi mukhya thii| vivAha ke udbhava ke mUla meM saMbhavata: yauna-sambandhoM kA niyaMtraNa aura pArivArika surakSA saMbaMdhI kAraNa bhI vivAha saMskAra ke mUlabhUta uddezya vivAha gRhasthAzrama kA sarva pramukha saMskAra hai| isa saMskAra ke mukhya tIna uddezya haiM- 1. anargala pravRtti kA nirodha 2. santAnotpatti dvArA vaMza kI rakSA evaM 3. bhagavatprema kA abhyAsa arthAta isa saMskAra kA prAthamika uddezya saMyama pUrvaka jIvana nirvAha karate hue, vaMza paramparA ko sthAyitva pradAna karanA tathA do AtmAoM ke saMyoga se usa mahatI zakti kA nirmANa karanA rahA hai, jo donoM ke laukika evaM AdhyAtmika jIvana vikAsa meM sahAyaka siddha ho ske| vivAha saMskAra kA eka uddezya yaha bhI hai ki pati-patnI paraspara eka-dUsare ko apanI yogyatAoM evaM bhAvanAoM kA AdAna-pradAna karate hue do pahiyoM kI taraha pragati patha para agrasara hote cale jaaeN| vAsanA kI paripUrti karanA dAmpatya jIvana kA mUla nahIM hai| vAstava meM dAmpatya jIvana meM vAsanA kA atyanta tuccha sthAna hai, dAmpatya kA mUla lakSya hai-yauna sambandhoM kA niyaMtraNa yA sNym| isa saMskAra kA mUlabhUta uddezya cAroM purUSArthoM kI prApti karanA bhI rahA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa-ye cAra purUSArtha catuSTaya ke rUpa

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...257 meM mAne gae haiN| hara eka vyakti ke jIvana kA yahI lakSya hotA hai ki vaha dharma kI prApti kare, phira dharma dvArA artha kA upArjana kare, ina donoM ke sahakAra se kAma kI pUrti kare aura phira mokSa ke lie prayatna kre| ina cAroM meM dharma kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai aura bAda meM artha, kAma aura mokSa kA sthAna hai| isase nirNIta hotA hai ki dharma zeSa purUSArtha ke lie bIja kA kAma karatA hai| eka dRSTi se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dharma ke binA artha evaM kAma kI tAtkAlika pUrti ho sakatI hai, kintu mokSa to dharma ke binA prApta nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra purUSArtha catuSTaya meM dharma kA prathama sthAna hai| dharma kA atyanta vyApaka artha hai| Adhunika-yuga meM dharma ko pUjA-pATha kI paridhi ke antargata mAna liyA gayA hai, yaha hamArI bhUla hai| dharma zabda kA artha- 'dhArayati iti dharma' arthAta jo dhAraNa kareM, vahI dharma hai|13 vaivAhika saMskAra dvArA purUSArtha catuSTaya kI prApti saralatayA ho jAtI hai| isake lie bAhya prayAsa kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se inakI prApti het eka svAbhAvika vAtAvaraNa svata: nirmita ho jAtA hai| isa taraha dharmAdi purUSArtha kI prApti karanA vivAha saMskAra kA zreSTha uddezya kahA jA sakatA hai| gRhastha dharma sambandhI niyama maryAdAoM evaM AcAra kA samucita paripAlana karanA tathA una kriyAkalApoM ko samajhanA evaM tadanusAra jIvana yAtrA ke patha ko sugama evaM sukhada banAnA isakA pramukha uddezya pratIta hotA hai| vibhinna apekSAoM se vivAha saMskAra kA mahattva vivAha eka saMskAra hai, eka dharmanIti hai, eka laukika rivAja hai, jIvana pariSkAra kA yajJa hai, zArIrika sukhoM kA kendra hai, gRhastha jIvana kA Azraya sthala hai| yaha saMskAra vibhinna dRSTiyoM se apanA mahattva rakhatA hai| saMskAra svayaM eka mahattvapUrNa prakriyA hai| jisa prakAra khAna se nikalane vAle sone ko solaha tApaM dekara zuddha sonA banAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra garbha se mRtyu taka solaha saMskAroM dvArA manuSya ke jIvana ko susaMskArita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise miTTI ke kacce ghar3e ko agni dvArA saMskArita karake use pakAyA jAtA hai aura pASaNa yA dhAtu kI pratimA ko maMtroM dvArA saMskArita karake usameM bhagavAn kI pratiSThA kI jAtI hai, vaise hI vivAha Adi prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se mantroccAra pUrvaka manuSya ke jIvana ko saMskArita kiyA jAtA hai, ataeva jIvana kI vikAsa yAtrA ke lie saMskAroM kA mahattva svIkAranA hogaa|

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258...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana __ dhArmika dRSTi se- bhAratIya saMskRti nArI ko gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| nArI ko pUjya ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| vaya krama ke AdhAra para apane se choTI strI ko 'beTI' samAna vaya vAlI ko 'bahana' aura adhika vaya vAlI ko 'mAtA' zabda se sambodhita karate haiN| yaha avadhAraNA jIvana vyavahAra meM Aja bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa avadhAraNA kA AdhAra nArI ke zIla aura sammAna kI rakSA karanA hai| eka prasiddha muslima netA ne bhAratIya vivAha paddhati ke dhArmika svarUpa ko prastuta karate hue kahA hai-"jaina aura hindU saMskRti meM strI-purUSa kA vivAha unake zarIroM se nahIM hotA, unakI AtmAoM se hotA hai| zarIra to naSTa ho jAte haiM, kintu unake mata meM AtmA amara hai, isalie unakA prema maratA nahIM hai| unameM talAka kI prathA nahIM hai| eka bAra vivAha hone para jIvana paryanta banA rahatA hai|14" dUsarI ora, musalamAnoM meM nikAha do zarIroM ke bIca hotA haiN| vaha sambandha sthAI nahIM hotaa| vahA~ talAka kI prathA hai| tIna bAra talAka zabda kahane mAtra se sambandha vicchinna ho jAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki pati-patnI ke sambandhoM meM na to sthAyitva rahatA hai aura na hI dAmpatya-nirvAha kA guNa hI maujUda rahatA hai| yUropa meM vivAha eka samajhautA hai| vahA~ pahale prema hotA hai, taba vivAha hotA hai| hamAre deza meM pahale vivAha hotA hai, phira prema hotA hai| samajhautA evaM talAka kI bhAvanA lekara calane vAloM meM eka-dUsare ke prati samarpaNa ke bhAva ke vikAsa kI dRSTi ho nahIM sktii| vaivAhika sambandha ke binA saMtAna kA asalI pitA kauna hai? yaha patA lagAnA bhI muzkila ho jAtA hai, taba ve pitA apane baccoM ke prati kisa prakAra karttavya nibhA sakate haiM? jabaki bhAratIya saMskRti meM vivAha ko eka dhArmika anuSThAna ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| yahA~ vivAha dhArmika vidhi-vidhAna se hotA hai| Aja yUropiyana sabhyatA meM do dostoM ke karAra se adhika vivAha kA koI mahattva nahIM raha gayA hai| cUMki vaha saMskRti bhoga para kendrita hai, ata: vahA~ vivAha eka saudA bana gayA hai, kintu prAcInakAla meM vahA~ bhI vivAha jIvana paryaMta kA sambandha hotA thaa| IsAI dharma bhI vivAha ko tyAga evaM samarpaNa kA pratIka hI mAnatA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM vivAha saMskAra ko dhArmika isalie mAnA jAtA hai ki yahA~ strI eka mAtra pati ke prati samarpita hotI hai, anya purUSa kI mana se bhI icchA nahIM karatI, kyoMki

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...259 dhArmika-vidhAnoM ke anusAra isase strI ke zIla kA vinAza hotA hai| jaba taka strI kI lajjA aura usakA zIla surakSita hai, tabhI taka strI dharmapatnI, pativratA aura satI kahalAtI hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM nArI 'saptapadI' ke dvArA agnidevatA aura paMcoM kI sAkSI meM jisa purUSa ke sAtha vivAha karatI hai, use hI sarvasva ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki muslima zAsakoM ne jaba-jaba hindU rAjAoM para AkramaNa kiyA ve rAjA prajA ke sAtha jI-jAna se yuddha ke maidAna meM kUda par3e aura unakI rAniyA~ evaM nagara kI kulavadhue~ apane zIla kI rakSA ke lie jalatI huI citAoM meM kUda pdd'ii| lAkhoM nAriyoM ne lapalapAtI huI agni jvAlA meM ha~sate-ha~sate apane prANoM kA utsarga kara diyaa| asaliyata meM hindU-nAriyoM kI soca yaha thI ki 'pati yuddha meM vIra gati ko prApta kareMge, zatruoM se apane zIla kI rakSA karanA kaThina hogA' isalie jalatI citAoM meM kUdakara ve apane prANoM ko gaMvA detI thii| isa prakAra ve prANoM se bhI mUlyavAn apane zIla kI rakSA ko mAnatI thii| vivAha kA dhArmika mahattva isI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai ki vaha bhoga kA nahIM, kAmavAsanA ke saMyama kA pratIka hai| jaina dharma ne vivAha saMskAra kI zuddhatA ko banAe rakhane ke lie yaha tarka diyA hai ki para purUSa ke sAtha saMsarga karane se raktazuddhi yA piNDazuddhi nahIM raha sakatI, ataeva bhAratIya paramparA meM vivAha kA sambandha dharma, sadAcAra, zIla evaM niSThatA se rahA hai| naitika dRSTi se - vivAha saMskAra sampanna hone ke bAda gRhastha dharma kA Arambha hotA hai| gRhastha dharma vizuddha AcAra aura pavitra jIvana kA zubhArambha hai| bhukti aura mukti, pravRtti aura nivRtti- ye do dhArAe~ prAcyakAlIna hai| inameM bhakti mArga gRhastha dharma se sambandhita hai aura vaha pravRttimArgI hone ke bAvajUda bhI isa dhArA meM itanI naitikatA aura pavitratA hai, jo svayaM nivRttidhArA meM parivartita ho sakatI hai| gRhastha jIvana vizAla saMbhAvanAoM se bharA pUrA hai / sAmAjika vyavasthA aura sAMskRtika virAsata kI surakSA gRhastha hI sugamatA pUrvaka kara sakatA hai| yaha vivAha dharma sAgAra dharma kahalAtA hai| nyAya nItipUrvaka dharma kA pAlana bhI aneka upalabdhiyoM meM hetubhUta banatA hai| isake pariNAma svarUpa parivAra aura vaMza

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260... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paramparA ko sthAyitva prApta hotA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA hone kA gaurava bhI isI dharma dvArA prApta hai| isa dRSTi se pANigrahaNa dvArA Arambha hone vAlA gRhastha jIvana sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa kI aTUTa gAthA hai| dAmpatyasUtra meM baMdhane ke bAda gRhastha dharma ke nIti-niyamoM kA pAlana karane vAlA vyakti cAritrika vikAsa ke carama sopAnoM ko hAsila kara sakatA hai| vyakti 'pANigrahaNa' ke samaya kucha nIti-niyamoM ke pAlana karane kI zapatha bhI grahaNaM karatA hai| vaha niyama agni kI sAkSI meM liyA jAtA hai, usake bAda unheM na tor3A jA sakatA hai aura na hI vApasa liyA jA sakatA hai| mana, vacana aura kAyA se ise jIvana paryanta nibhAnA hotA hai| ise nibhAne kI prakriyA meM pati-patnI donoM ko naitikatA kA pAlana karanA hotA hai| unheM nirantara yaha vizvAsa banA rahatA hai hai| ki unakA jIvana paraspara samarpita hai| patnI pati eka-dUsare ke lie pUraka kisI eka ke binA dUsare kA jIvana apUrNa hai| donoM eka hI ratha ke do pahie haiM aura jaba ye donoM cakra naitika maryAdApUrvaka samAna rUpa se calate raheM to gRhastha apane jIvana ke gantavya pArivArika sukha samRddhi ko prApta kara sakatA hai| isa taraha vaivAhika jIvana meM naitika siddhAntoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA huA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se - dArzanika siddhAntAnusAra sRSTi kI saMracanA ke lie prakRti aura purUSa donoM kA samanvaya honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| sAMkhya dArzanikoM ne sRSTi hetu prakRti evaM purUSa ke pradeya kI vyAkhyA kI hai / strI prakRti svarUpA hotI hai vahI purUSa purUSa svarUpa hotA hai| ina donoM ke sahayoga se mAnava-jAti kA vikAsa hotA hai| isa prakAra saMtAnotpatti kI prakriyA, jo sRSTi kA bIja hai, isakI bhUmikA vivAha saMskAra se banatI hai tathA jo bhI saMskAra zAstroM dvArA nirdiSTa haiM, ve sAre ke sAre Adheya haiM aura unakA AdhAra vivAha saMskAra hai| isa taraha saMtAnotpatti isa saMsAra kA bahuta hI anivArya aMga hai, jisakA sampAdana vivAha saMskAra dvArA hI saMbhava ho pAtA hai| 15 pArivArika dRSTi se - vivAha saMskAra dvArA parivAra ke vAtAvaraNa meM apUrva parivartana hotA hai| isase pUrva parivAra meM mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahina hI hote haiM, kintu isa saMskAra dvArA pati-patnI ke rUpa meM eka navIna rizte kI sRSTi hotI hai| yadi dAmpatya jIvana meM AtmIyatA evaM samarpaNabhAva ho, to ghara meM kevala khuziyA~ hI nahIM rahatI haiM, zubha saMvedanAe~ bhI hotI haiN| kahIM bhI udAsInatA yA

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...261 du:kha kA sthAna nahIM hotaa| ghara kA vAtAvaraNa madhumaya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra eka vilakSaNa vAtAvaraNa kI sRSTi vaivAhika saMskAra para hI AdhArita hai| sAmAjika dRSTi se- jisa prakAra avayava se avayavI kA nirmANa hotA hai, aneka phUloM se mAlA banatI hai, usI prakAra aneka parivAroM se samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai, parantu yaha dhyAtavya hai ki samAja vaisA hI hogA, jaisA ki parivAra rhegaa| parivAra kA pratyeka pahalU samAja ko apane svarUpa se maNDita karatA hai| hama dekhate haiM ki pANigrahaNa saMskAra dvArA saMtAna kI utpatti hotI hai aura vahI Age jAkara samAja nirmANa kA eka mukhya aMga hotA hai| isa prakAra vyakti aura samAja meM anyonyAzraya sambandha hai| yaha vivAha saMskAra dvArA hI saMbhava ho pAtA hai| samAja nirmANa meM vyakti ke alAvA jina tattvoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve yA to gauNa kAraNa haiM yA phira sahakArI kAraNa hai, kintu vivAha saMskAra eka pradhAna kAraNa hai, jisakI chavi uparyukta vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM parilakSita hotI hai|16 ni:sandeha vivAha dvArA parivAra kA evaM parivAra se samAja kA nirmANa hotA hai| prAkRtika dRSTi se- utpatti, sthiti evaM pralaya-ye sRSTi ke zAzvata satya haiN| inako kathamapi nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| ina tInoM kA udAharaNa hameM pArivArika vAtAvaraNa meM milatA hai| hindU mAnyatA ke anusAra mAtA aura pitA brahmA ke rUpa meM bacce ko janma dete haiM, viSNu ke svarUpa meM unakA pAlana karate haiM tathA ina sabhI kA kAla ke dvArA parivAra meM hI anta ho jAtA hai| isa taraha kisI eka choTe parivAra meM bhI saMsAra ke satya svarUpa ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha saba tabhI saMbhava hai, jabaki vivAha saMskAra kA pracalana ho aura usase sarjanA kI dhArA calatI rhe| . sAMskRtika dRSTi se- manuSya ke jIvana kA rAstA atyanta hI ghumAvadAra hai| usake jIvana meM aneka prakAra ke mor3a Ate rahate haiN| isa mAnavIya yAtrA meM sabase jabardasta mor3a taba AtA hai, jaba ukta saMskAra dvArA mAnava saMskRta hotA hai| isase vyakti kI dinacaryA bilkula badala jAtI hai| usake AcaraNa, vyavahAra, niyati Adi sabhI pakSoM apUrva parivartana A jAtA haiN| vaha kAlaparivartana ke raMga meM raMga jAtA hai| sArA anubhava nayA hI nayA lagatA hai| isa prakAra vivAha saMskAra dvArA jo bhI parivartana hote haiM, unheM sAMskRtika-mahattva kI koTi

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262...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM bhautikatA mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| isa saMskRti meM sabase vilakSaNa bAta yaha dekhane ko milatI hai ki kisI bhI vastu yA tattva kA sakArAtmaka evaM nakArAtmaka dRSTikoNa se tathA ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika dhyeya se pratipAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai| kahIM bhI kisI bhI eka pakSa ko nahIM svIkArA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya paramparA sabhI meM sarvocca rahI hai tathA isa paramparA meM mAnavIya parivartana ke vividha tattva rahe hue haiM aura ve hI sAMskRtika badalAva meM pramukha kAraNa banate haiN| samaSTi rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vivAha sAMsArika avyavasthA ko dUra karane vAlA sarvottama saMskAra hai| isI se vyakti susaMskRta, sabhya evaM dharmAtmA banatA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se jIvana meM ekadama parivartana A jAtA hai| purUSa aura nArI-donoM ko paraspara sabase adhika priya aura AtmIya jIvanasAthI mila jAtA hai, jo hara sthiti meM jIvana bhara sAtha nibhAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se donoM apanA-apanA dAyitva samajhane lagate haiN| isa dAyitva-bodha tale donoM eka-dUsare ke prati, parivAra ke prati, samAja ke prati evaM rASTra ke prati apanI jimmedArI samajhane lagate haiM aura use nibhAne lagate haiN| unakI pahacAna bhI badala jAtI hai| ve yuvaka evaM yuvatI na rahakara pati-patnI kahalAne lagate haiN| vivAha sampanna karane se pahale kramaza: vAgdAna(sagAI), pradAna (kanyApradAna), varaNa (vara dvArA vadhU ko svIkRta karanA), granthi baMdhana, pANigrahaNa(hathalevA) aura saptapadI(bhAMvara) hote haiN| ina kriyAoM ke bAda vara aura vadhU pati-patnI ke rUpa meM apane bhAvI jIvana ke Ananda aura zAMti ke lie sAta-sAta vacana rakhate haiM aura una niyamoM ko sabake samakSa jIvana bhara pAlana karane kA vacana dete haiN| ye saba prakriyAe~ bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se viziSTa mahattva rakhatI haiN| isa prakAra bhAratIya cintanadhArA meM vaivAhika saMskAra ke aneka hetu svIkAra kie gae haiN| isa sambandha meM yaha bhI ullekhya hai ki hindU samAja meM tIna prakAra ke RNa pracalita haiM- pitRRNa, RSiRNa evaM devRnn| isa saMskAra dvArA pitRRNa se to mukti milatI hI hai, sAtha hI RSiRNa evaM devaRNa se bhI AMzika rUpa se vimukti prApta hotI hai| isa dRSTi se vivAha saMskAra ko dAyittva ke rUpa meM bhI AMkA jA sakatA hai|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...263 vivAha kisake sAtha ho ? bhAratIya saMskRti saMskAra pradhAna hai| vaha satsaMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa karane ke lie samAna kula, jAti evaM varNa ke pArasparika sambandha para vizeSa bala detI hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki donoM pakSa samAna kula vAle hoM, to vara vadhU kI jIvana yAtrA sukhada va sAmaMjasyatA se yukta hotI hai| jaina paramparA ke mukhya granthoM meM ye nirdeza prApta hote haiM ki vivAha sambandha saMskAra yukta evaM dharma yukta parivAra meM hI karanA cAhie, kyoMki asamAna kula evaM viparIta AcAra vAle yugala ke bIca sthAI prema raha nahIM sakatA tathA prema rahita vivAha jIvana paryanta paritApa dene vAlA hotA hai|17 zAntinAtha caritra meM kahA gayA hai-saMsAra meM jo samAna vaibhava aura samAna kula vAle hoM, unake bIca hI maitrI, vivAha aura vivAda karanA ThIka hai|18 sAgAradharmAmRta meM varNana AtA hai- yadi dharmayukta saMtAna, klezarahita prema, saMyamayukta parivAra aura deva-zAstra-guru evaM atithi ke sammAna tathA pUjA kI icchA ho, to sadAcArI yuvaka ko saMskArayukta kanyA ke sAtha vivAha karanA caahie|19 AcAradinakara meM nirdeza hai-'jinakA samAna zIla-svabhAva ho aura samAna kula ho, unakA hI vivAha aura maitrI saMgata hai| isake viparIta eka uttama ho aura dUsarA hIna ho, to vivAha aura maitrI karanA yogya nahIM hai, ataeva jo kula zIla evaM jAti se samAna hoM tathA jinakA deza, vaMza aura kArya paraspara jAnate hoM, unameM hI vivAha sambandha karanA caahie|20 sukumAracAritra meM vivAha hetu sAta guNoM kI parIkSA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai-'kanyA ke pitA athavA abhibhAvaka ko cAhie ki vaha kulIna, zIlavAhaka, svastha, vayaska, vidvAn, dharma sampanna aura bhare-pUre kuTumba se yukta vara ke sAtha apanI kanyA kA vivAha kare, phira bhI yadi kanyA ko sasurAla meM kaSTa mile, to yaha usakA durbhAgya hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki samAna dhana, samAna vidyA vAloM meM hI maitrI evaM vaivAhika sambandha saphala hote haiM, asamAnatA vAloM ke nhiiN|21 jaina granthoM meM yaha ullekha bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki 'yadi pati-patnI meM vaicArika mela hai, unameM ApasI sUjhabUjha acchI hai, to unakA gRhasthAzrama bhI saphala hai| yadi paraspara sauhArdra evaM saumanasya na ho, to dAmpatya jIvana niSphala ho jAtA hai|

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264... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Aja pArivArika vighaTana evaM dAmpatya jIvana ke saMgharSa kA mukhya kAraNa samAna kula jAti evaM samadRSTi kA na honA bhI hai| Aja ke sambandha kevala rUpa evaM vaibhava para AdhArita hote haiM, na ki zIla, svabhAvAdi guNa aura samAna dharma pr| isI kAraNa bhAratIya paramparA ke parivAroM meM bhI talAka hone lage haiM, jo saMskRti ke bilkula virUddha haiN| vivAha kI vartamAna sthiti kA citraNa karate hue kisI nItikAra ne kahA hai- kanyA vara ke saundarya ko dekhatI hai, kanyA kI mA~ vaibhava ko aura pitA vara kI yogyatA ko dekhatA hai, bAndhavajana apane hitoM kI icchA karate haiM, jabaki sAmAnya loga (bArAtI Adi) prItibhoja ke miSThAnna para dhyAna rakhate haiN|22 vAstavikatA yaha hai ki kanyA saMskAra yukta ho aura dharma, artha, kAma, purUSArtha kI pUraka ho| aisI suzikSita kanyA hI karttavyaparAyaNI bhAryA aura prema-vatsalA mAtA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| vivAha kI yogyatA ko jAnane ke mApadaMDa jaina saMskRti ke anusAra vikRta kula kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha nahIM karanA cAhie / vikRta kula kise kaheM ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai - jisa vaMza kA purUSa roga vAlA ho, bavAsIra kA rogI ho, parimANa se choTe kada vAlA ho, dAda kA dardI ho, citrakor3ha se grasita ho, netra va udara kI vyAdhi se AkrAnta ho tathA vabhru jAti kA ho, vaha vaMza vikRta kulIna kahalAtA hai, aise vaMza kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha nahIM karanA cAhie / ' vikRta kanyA kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai- jo adhika aMga vAlI ho, hIna aMga vAlI ho, bhUrA-bhUkharA varNa vAlI ho, U~cI dRSTi vAlI ho tathA jisakA ceharA aura nAma bhayAnaka ho, vaha vikRta kanyA kahalAtI hai / vaha kanyA vivAha hetu tyAjya kahI gaI hai| sAtha hI 'jo kanyA deva, RSi, graha, tArA, agni, nadI aura vRkSAdi nAma vAlI ho, jisake zarIra para bahuta roma hoM, pIlI- mA~jarI A~kha ho tathA gharghara svara vAlI ho, vaha kanyA bhI vivAha ke lie ayogya kahI gaI hai| 23 isI prakAra vikRta kulIna vara ke sAtha kulIna kanyA ko bhI nahIM denA caahie| jo kulahIna ho, jisameM krUra svabhAva vAlI nAriyA~ hoM, ApadA yukta yA vyasanI ghara ho, bahuta kama saMtAneM hoM, vaha vara kA vikRta kula mAnA gayA hai| aisA kula kanyAdAna ke lie varjita karanA caahie| sAtha hI vikRta vara kA bhI tyAga kara denA caahie| vikRta vara kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai- 'jo mUrkha,

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...265 nirdhana, dUra deza meM rahane vAlA, yoddhA, vairAgI aura kanyA se tIna gunA adhika umra vAlA ho, vaha vikRta vara hai|24' __ isakA Azaya yaha hai ki vikRta kula vAlI kanyA ke sAtha kulIna vara kA aura kulIna vara ke sAtha vikRta kanyA kA sambandha kabhI bhI nahIM karanA caahie| apanI kanyA ko uccakula meM hI denI cAhie aura uccakulIna kanyA ko hI putravadhU ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie, parantu donoM prakAra ke vikRta kula vAle aura donoM vikRta vara-kanyA paraspara vivAha kara sakate haiN| __ isa sambandha meM yaha bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki kula, zIla, svAmI, vidyA, dhana, zarIra aura umra-ye sAta guNa vara meM avazya dekhane caahie| usake bAda hI kanyA denI caahie|25 jaina-jyotiSa ke anusAra kanyA aura vara kA sambandha pA~ca zuddhiyA~ dekhakara karanA caahie| pA~ca zuddhiyoM ke nAma ye haiM- 1. rAzi 2. yoni 3. gaNa 4. nAr3I aura 5. vrg| ukta varNana se eka navIna tathya yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vivAha saMskAra ke pUrva vaivAhika jIvana kI sampUrNa saphalatA ke lie kucha bAtoM para avazya dhyAna diyA jAnA caahie| jaise-kanyA kA kula kaisA ho? kanyA aura vara kina-kina lakSaNoM se yukta hoM? ityaadi| isa prakAra jaina-vicAraNA meM vivAha sambandha ko lekara ati mahattvapUrNa tathya kahe gae haiN| vivAha ke mukhya prakAra jaina evaM vaidika paramparA meM pramukha rUpa se vivAha do prakAra ke batAe gae haiM- 1. dharmya vivAha aura 2. pApa vivaah| inheM prazasta aura aprazasta-vivAha bhI kaha sakate haiN| prazasta aura aprazasta vivAha bhI cAra-cAra prakAra ke nirdiSTa haiM, isa taraha vivAha ke ATha prakAra hote haiN|27| ___dharmya vivAha ke cAra bheda ye haiM- 1. brAhma vivAha 2. prAjApatya vivAha 3. ArSa vivAha aura 4. daivata vivaah| ye cAroM vivAha mAtA-pitA kI AjJA se hote haiM, isalie laukika-vyavahAra meM ye dharmya-vivAha gine jAte haiN| ____ pApa vivAha ke cAra bheda isa prakAra haiM- 1. gAMdharva vivAha 2. Asura vivAha 3. rAkSasa vivAha aura 4. paizAca vivaah| ye cAroM vivAha apanI icchAnusAra kie jAte haiM, isalie ye pApa vivAha rUpa mAne jAte haiN|

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266...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vivAha ke ATha prakAroM kA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra hai 1. brAhma vivAha- yaha vivAha kA zuddhatama prakAra hai| kanyA ko yathAzakti vastrAlaMkAra se sajjitakara vidyA sampanna aura zIlavAna vara ko ghara para bulAkara vidhi pUrvaka kanyAdAna karanA brAhma vivAha hai|28 isa vivAha kA AdhAra kAmukatA, dhana lipsA, daheja yAcanA na hokara sAmAjika-zAlInatA aura dhArmika-niSThatA hai| 2. prAjApatya vivAha- jisa vivAha meM 'tuma donoM dharma kA sAtha-sAtha AcaraNa karo'-yaha Adeza diyA jAtA hai, vaha prAjApatya vivAha kahalAtA hai| yahA~ prajApati nAma yaha sUcita karatA hai ki nava dampati prajApati ke prati apanA RNa cukAne arthAta santAna utpanna karane evaM usake pAlana-poSaNa ke lie vivAha karate haiN| yaha vivAha isa taraha mAtA-pitA dvArA anumodita hai| 3. ArSa vivAha- jisameM kanyA kA pitA yajJAdi dharma kAryoM ke lie eka yA do jor3I gAya athavA baila lekara Rtvika(purohita) ko kanyA pradAna karatA hai, vaha ArSa vivAha hai|30 isakI eka paribhASA yaha bhI ucita lagatI hai-kisI RSi putra kI AdhyAtmika aura bauddhika-yogyatA dekhakara usake sAtha kanyA kA vivAha karanA ArSa kahalAtA hai|31 isa vivAha meM kisI prakAra kA utsavAdi nahIM hotA hai| 4. daivata vivAha- kisI purohita dvArA yajJa kie jAne para use alaMkRta evaM susajjita kanyA dakSiNA ke rUpa meM pradAna karanA vaha daivata vivAha hai|32 jaina paramparA meM isa vivAha ko akRtya mAnA hai tathApi hindU paramparA ke prathama tIna vargoM meM yaha vivAha pracalita rahA hai| 5. gAMdharva vivAha- vara aura kanyA ke pArasparika-prema aura zarta para jo vivAha sampanna hotA hai, use gAndharva vivAha kahate haiN| svayaMvara prathA kA isI ke antargata samAveza hotA hai| ___6. AsurI vivAha- kanyA ko zarta pUrvaka grahaNa karanA jaise-juA khelate samaya zarta lagAnA ki "maiM hArUMgA, to apanI kanyA dUMgA, tuma hAroge, to tumhArI lar3akI maiM lUMgA"-isa prakAra zarta lagAkara kanyA grahaNa karanA AsurI vivAha hai| vaidika granthoM meM AsurI-vivAha ke sandarbha meM vibhinna paribhASAe~ dI gaI haiN|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ... 267 7. rAkSasa vivAha - kanyA kA bala pUrvaka haraNa kara vivAha karanA rAkSasa vivAha hai| isa prakAra ke vivAha meM kanyA ke pitA yA svayaM kanyA, kisI kI bhI svIkRti nahIM lI jAtI hai, apitu bala pUrvaka kanyA kA haraNa kara, use apane upabhoga ke lie rakha liyA jAtA hai| 8. pizAca vivAha - nidritA, madyapAna se vihvalA yA kisI anya prakAra se unmattA-pramattA kumArI ke sAtha ekAnta meM bhoga sambandha dvArA kiyA gayA vivAha paizAca vivAha hai| gRhyasUtra ke anusAra supta, matta yA acetana kanyA kA haraNa karanA paizAcI vivAha hai| yaha vivAha kA nikRSTatama prakAra hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra prazasta (dharmya) vivAhoM meM prAjApatya vivAha ko chor3akara zeSa tIna vivAha isa kaliyuga meM pracalita nahIM haiN| cAra pApa vivAha aprazasta hone se unakI vedokta vidhi bhI nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM kahA gayA haigomedha aura naramedha Adi yajJa, brahma, ArSa aura daivata- ye tInoM prakAra ke vivAha tathA gotraja aura guru saMtati- ye kaliyuga meM nahIM hotI haiN| 33 vartamAna hindU samAja meM brAhma va gAndharva-ye do prakAra ke vivAha pracalita haiN| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki cAra prakAra ke prazasta vivAha meM pitA dvArA yA kisI anya abhibhAvaka dvArA vara ko kanyAdAna diyA jAtA hai| prathama prakAra ke vivAha ko saMbhavataH brAhma-vivAha isalie kahA jAtA hai ki yaha dharma sammata hai ataH pavitra vivAha hai| ArSa vivAha meM vara se eka jor3A pazu liyA jAtA hai ata: yaha brahma se nimna hai| prAjApatya vivAha meM patnI ke jIte-jI pati ko gRhastha rahane, saMnyAsI na banane Adi kA vacana denA par3atA hai, isameM zarta lagI rahatI hai| cauthe vivAha kA nAma 'daiva' isalie hai ki yajJa meM devoM kI pUjA hotI hai / Asura vivAha meM dhana kA saudA rahatA hai| gAMdharva meM pitA dvArA dAna kI koI bAta hI nahIM rahatI, pratyuta isake lie kanyA pitA ko usake adhikAra se vaMcita kara detI hai / isakA gAndharva nAma isalie bhI hai ki gAndharva kAmAtura kahe gae haiN| rAkSasa evaM pizAca nAma isalie haiM ki ye vivAha nikRSTa kRtya rUpa evaM rAkSasI - paizAcI ke svabhAva rUpa hote haiM inheM apaharaNa kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| 34 vivAha ke anya prakAra digambara paramparAmUlaka sAhitya meM vivAha ke nimnokta prakAra bhI batAe gae haiM- 1. prazasta vivAha- isameM prAjApatya evaM daiva- vivAha ko mAnA hai

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268...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 2. aprazasta vivAha- isameM gAndharva evaM rAkSasa-vivAha ko ginA hai 3. svayaMvara vivAha- isa vivAha ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai|35 1. sAdhAraNa svayaMvara- jaba rAjakanyA yuvAvasthA ko prApta ho jAe, taba rAjA dvArA svayaMvara kI ghoSaNA sunakara usameM bhAga lene ke lie Agata rAjakumAroM meM se kanyA kI icchAnusAra kisI eka kA varaNa karanA sAdhAraNa svayaMvara vivAha hai| 2. sazarta svayaMvara- kanyA ke pitA yA bhAI dvArA rakhI gaI zauryaparaka zarta ko pUrNa karane vAle rAjakumAra ke gale meM varamAlA DAlakara use pati rUpa meM svIkAra karanA sazarta vivAha hai| isa vivAha meM zarta pUrNa hone ke uparAnta varamAlA DAlI jAtI hai| draupadI kA sazarta vivAha huA thaa| 3. pratiyogitA svayaMvara- kanyA kI pUrva ghoSaNA ke anusAra kalA, vijJAna, veda Adi jisameM vaha niSNAta ho, usameM parAjita karane vAle rAjakumAra ke sAtha vivAha karanA pratiyogitA svayaMvara hai| inake atirikta vinimaya vivAha, sevA vivAha, antarvarNa vivAha, sagotra vivAha, asagotra vivAha, sapravara vivAha, anuloma vivAha, pratiloma vivAha, bahupatnI bahupati vivAha, punarvivAha evaM bAlavivAha Adi ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| __ brAhma vivAha meM kanyAdAna hotA hai, kintu Asura vivAha meM lar3akI ke pitA yA abhibhAvakoM ko unake lAbha ke lie zulka denA par3atA hai| gAndharva-vivAha Ajakala adhika pracalita ho rahe haiM, jisameM vara aura kanyA bhAgakara korTa-mairija Adi kara lete haiN| kucha logoM ke anusAra isa yuga meM palane vAle navayuvaka evaM navayavatiyA~ gAndharva-vivAha kI ora unmakha ho rahe haiN| yadi koI vidhavA svayaM vivAha kare to use gAndharva ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usa sthiti meM kanyAdAna nahIM hotA hai| vivAha saMskAra karane kA adhikArI kauna? zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha saMskAra jaina brAhmaNa yA kSullaka dvArA karavAyA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM pUrva nirdiSTa guNa vAlA dvija isa saMskAra kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA adhikAra brAhmaNa ko diyA gayA hai|36

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...269 vivAha saMskAra ke lie zubha dina kA vicAra __vivAha-saMskAra ke lie zubha nakSatra Adi ke sambandha meM adhyayana kiyA jAe, to zvetAmbaramUlaka AcAradinakara meM vizada vivaraNa samprApta hotA hai| AcAradinakara ke matAnusAra mUla, anurAdhA, rohiNI, maghA, mRgazirA, hasta, revatI, tIna uttarA aura svAti-ina nakSatroM meM vivAha karanA caahie| vedha, ekArgala, latA aura pApa upagraha sahita nakSatroM meM vivAha nahIM karanA cAhie tathA yati, krAnti aura sAmyadoSa meM bhI lagna nahIM karanA caahie| isI prakAra tIna dina ko sparza karane vAlI tithi, kSaya tithi, krUra tithi, dagdhA tithi, riktA tithi, amAvasyA, aSTamI, SaSThI aura dvAdazI-ina tithiyoM meM vivAha nahIM karanA caahie| bhadrA meM, gaMDAnta meM, duSTa nakSatra, tithi, vAra aura yoga meM, vyatipAta meM, vaidhRti meM aura nindya samaya meM vivAha nahIM karanA caahie| sUrya ke sthAna para bRhaspati ho yA bRhaspati ke sthAna para sUrya ho to dIkSA, vivAha, pratiSThA Adi zubha kArya nahIM karanA caahie| cAturmAsa meM, adhika mAsa meM, guru asta yA zakra asta meM, mala mAsa meM aura janma mAsa meM dIkSA-vivAha Adi kArya nahIM karanA caahie| mAsAMta meM, saMkrAnti meM, saMkrAnti ke dUsare dina meM, grahaNa Adi dina meM aura grahaNa ke bAda sAta dina taka bhI vivAha Adi kRtya nahIM karanA caahie| isake sivAya janma tithi, janma vAra, janma nakSatra, janma lagna, janma rAzi aura janma kA svAmI asta hone para yA krUra grahoM se hata hone para vivAha Adi nahIM karanA cAhie, parantu sthira lagna meM, dvisvabhAva vAle lagna meM, sadguNa saMyukta cara lagna meM, udayAsta ke vizuddha hone para vivAha karanA zubha mAnA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI lagna aura saptama ghara graha se varjita ho, tIsare, chaThaveM aura gyArahaveM ghara meM ravi, maMgala aura zani ho, chaThaveM aura tIsare ghara meM tathA pApa graha varjita pA~cave ghara meM rAhu ho, lagna meM tathA pA~caveM, cauthe, dasaveM aura nauveM ghara meM bRhaspati ho, aise hI zukra, budha ho, lagna ke chaThaveM, AThaveM aura bArahaveM ghara se anyatra pUrNa candramA ho, taba vivAha karanA caahie| krUra grahoM se draSTa aura krara grahoM se saMyukta candramA kA varjana karanA caahie| isameM vivAha lagna kI udaya zuddhi aura astazuddhi avazya dekhanA caahie| lagna kA svAmI aura lagna ke navAMza kA svAmI navAMza ko dekhatA ho yA navAMza se yukta ho, use udaya zuddhi kahate haiN|

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270...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saptama navAMza kA svAmI saptama navAMza ko dekhatA ho yA navAMza se yukta ho, use astazuddhi kahate haiN|37 isa prakAra jaina vivAha ke sambandha meM pUrvokta nakSatra evaM lagnAdi ko zubha va azubha jAnanA cAhie aura zubha nakSatrAdi kA yoga hone para vivAha saMskAra karanA caahie| digambara paramparA ke anusAra isa saMskAra ke lie nakSatroM meM-mUla, anurAdhA, revatI, uttarAtraya, hasta, svAti, maghA aura rohiNI, mAsoM meMmArgazIrSa, mAgha, phAlguna, vaizAkha, jyeSTha aura ASAr3ha zubha mAne gae haiN| vara ke lie sUryabala aura kanyA ke lie gurubala tathA donoM ke lie candrabala honA jarUrI hai| grahoM meM-vara kI rAzi se sUrya 3, 6, 10, 11 vIM rAzi meM zubha aura 4, 8, 12 vIM rAzi meM azubha hotA hai| kanyA kI rAzi se guru 9, 5, 11, 2, 7 vIM rAzi meM zubha aura 4, 8, 12 vIM rAzi meM azubha hotA hai| candramA vara aura kanyA kI rAzi se 3, 6, 7, 10, 11 vA~ zubha aura 4, 8, 12 vA~ azubha hotA hai|38 vivAha saMskAra hetu yogya Ayu vicAra vivAha kisa umra meM kiyA jAnA cAhie? zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra kanyA kA vivAha ATha varSa se lekara gyAraha varSa taka kara denA cAhie tathA purUSa kA vivAha ATha varSa se lekara assI varSa kI avadhi ke bIca kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, taduparAnta purUSa prAya: vIrya rahita hotA hai|39 digambara paramparA mAnya yazastilakacampU ke anusAra kanyA bAraha varSa kI aura kizora solaha varSa kA hone para vivAha ke yogya hotA hai|40 __vaidika paramparA meM purUSa ke vivAha ke lie koI nizcita avadhi nahIM rakhI gaI hai| purUSa yadi cAhe, to AjIvana avivAhita raha sakatA hai, kanyA ke vivAha ke lie avadhi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| gRhyasUtroM evaM dharmasUtroM ke anusAra sAmAnyata: kanyA yuvAvasthA ke sannikaTa pahu~ca jAe yA yuvAkAla prArambha ho jAe taba hI vivAha ke yogya mAnI gaI hai|41 vaidika ke kucha granthoM meM kanyA ke lie bAla vivAha kie jAne kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| vivAha saMskAra meM prayukta sAmagrI zvetAmbara paramparA meM vivAha ke lie agralikhita sAmagrI anivArya mAnI gaI hai

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...271 vaivAhika nakSatroM meM abhiSeka karane yogya tela, vAdiMtra, dhavala-maMgala gAne vAlI saubhAgyavatI nAriyA~, kulavRddhA striyA~, vara aura kanyA-ina donoM pakSa ke sage-sambandhI, vivAha-maMDapa, mAtRpUjA, kulakarapUjA, zAntika kriyA aura pauSTika kriyA kI vastue~, vedI, toraNa, ardhya Adi vastue~, bhoja kI vipula sAmagrI, kausuMbhavarNI sUta ke do vastra, Rddhi-vRddhi samAroha, javArAropaNa Adi, gRhastha guru ko dene yogya vastra aura AbhUSaNa, vara ko dene yogya vastrAbhUSaNa, bhojana banAne ke yogya baratana, svazakti ke anusAra dene yogya dhana, isake atirikta yathAvazyaka anya vstueN|42 digambara paramparA meM vivAha saMskAra ke lie nimnokta sAmagrI Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiM43- zrIphala-2, vinAyaka-1, yantra, zAstra-1, siMhAsana-1, camara-1, chatra-3, aSTamaMgala, dravya (ThoNA), camara, chatra, darpaNa, dhvajA, jhArI, kalaza, paMkhA), jala se bharA sapheda loTA-1, sapheda kapar3A eka hAtha, lAla cola eka hAtha, phUlamAlA-2, tIna kaTanI vAlI vedI-1, pakkI nambarI IMTeM-8, sUkhI kAlI miTTI-1 kilo, kuMkuma-25 grA., pisI haldI aura mehandI-25 grA; lacchA25 grA., nAgaravelapAna-2, supArI-4, haldI gAMTha-4, sarasoM-25 grA., dIpaka-4, rUI, mAcisa-1, ghI-500 grA., cATU lakar3I kA-1, lAla candana kI samidhA200 grAma, sapheda candana kI samidhA(lakar3I)-400 grAma, bar3a pIpala-Ama-r3hAka kI sUkhI samidhA-400 grAma dezI kapUra-15 grAma, pUjana dravya (cAvala-1 ki., nAriyala girI (caTaka-100 grAma) (kezara-3 grAma, bAdAma-50 grAma, lauMga-10 grAma) pUjana upakaraNa, havana-dravya (bAdAmagulI-25 grAma, khoparA-25 grAma, pistA-10 grAma, lauMga-10 grAma, ilAyacI-10 grAma, khAraka-15 grAma, zakkara kA bUrA-15 grAma, zuddha dazAMgadhUpa-75 grAma) thAlI-4, kaTorI-2, zuddhagAdI yA galIcA-1, pATe-4, caukI-2, Asana-2, cavannI-2, sUta kI mAlA-1, paMcaratna-pUr3I-11 vibhinna saMskRtiyoM meM vivAha saMskAra sambandhI vidhi kanyAdAna(sagAI) vidhi- yaha janaprasiddha hai ki vivAha ke pahale sagAI kI rasma kI jAtI hai| zvetAmbara matAnusAra usakI vidhi isa prakAra hai-sarvaprathama samAna kula aura samAna zIlayukta vara yA kanyA kI khoja karanI caahie| * phira nirNIta kula ke sAtha sagAI karate samaya kanyA-kula kA jo jyeSTha

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272... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana purUSa, vara-kula ke jyeSTha purUSa ko apane deza aura kulAcAra ke anusAra nAriyala, supArI, jinopavIta, cAvala, dUrvA aura haldI dekara kanyAdAna kare arthAta sagAI kA sambandha pakkA kre| usa samaya gRhastha guru nimna mantra par3he "OM arhaM paramasaubhAgyAya, paramasukhAya paramabhogAya, paramadharmAya, paramayazase, paramasantAnAya, bhogopabhogAntarAyavyavacchedAya, imAm amukanAmnI kanyAm, amukagautrAm, amukanAmne varAya, amukagotrAya dadAti, pratigRhANa arhaM OM" dvArA * usake bAda kanyApakSa ke loga sabako tAMbUla deN| * phira varapakSa usa kanyA ke lie vastra, AbhUSaNa, zrRMgAra sAmagrI Adi usake pitA ke ghara pahu~cAI jaae| * kanyA kA pitA bhI parivAra sahita vara ko nimantrita kare aura mahotsava ke sAtha bhojana karAe tathA vara ko vastra, aMgUThI Adi deN| 44 * digambara paramparA meM kanyAdAna ko 'vAgdAna' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| tadanusAra varapakSa aura kanyApakSa apane vaMzAdi evaM gotrAdi kA paricaya dekara paMcoM ke samakSa sagAI kA sambandha nizcita karate haiN| unakI kucha jAtiyoM poravAla Adi meM isa avasara para vinAyaka yantra kI pUjA bhI kI jAtI hai| 45 vaidika paramparA kucha nizcita vyaktiyoM ko kanyAdAna karane kA adhikArI mAnatI hai| unameM kanyA ke pitA ko pramukha mAnA hai| inake vahA~ pitA kucha mantroM kA uccAraNa kara kanyA pradAna karatA hai, isameM kanyAdAna kI yahI vidhi varNita hai|46 * vivAha kI prArambhika vidhi - vivAha saMskAra karane hetu lagnadina se pahale mAsa yA pakSa meM donoM pakSa ke parivArajanoM ko ikaTThA karake jyotiSI ko uttama Asana para biThAkara usake hAtha se zubha bhUmi para vivAha lagna likhvaaeN| * phira janma lagna kI bhA~ti vivAha lagna kI svarNa mudrA, phala, puSpa aura dUrvA se pUjA kreN| * phira donoM pakSa ke bujurga jyotiSI ko vastra, alaMkAra evaM pAna deN| yaha vivAha ko prArambha karane kI kriyA hai| * usake bAda miTTI ke nae sakore meM jau boeN| * phira kanyA ke gRha meM mAtR sthApanA aura SaSThImAtA kI sthApanA kreN| yaha vidhi pUrva meM kahI jA cukI hai / 47 digambara evaM hindU48 paramparA meM gaNapati kI sthApanA karate haiN| usake bAda zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra varapakSIya sAta kulakaroM kI sthApanA *

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...273 aura usakI pUjA kreN| yaha vidhi AcAradinakara (pR. 34) se jAnanI caahie| yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki vivAha ke bAda bhI kulakara kI sthApanA tathA gaNeza evaM kAmadeva kI sthApanA sAta dina-rAta taka rakhanI caahie| . usake bAda vara ke gRha meM zAntika evaM pauSTika karma kreN| * phira pUrva prakriyA ke anusAra kanyA ke ghara meM mAtRpUjA kreN| . phira vivAha kAla se pUrva sAtaveM, naveM, gyArahaveM yA terahaveM dina vara-vadhU apane-apane ghara meM maMgalagIta aura vAdiMtra ke sAtha tela kA mardana kara snAna kreN| yaha rIti vivAha paryanta kreN| * jisa dina tela mardana kI kriyA zurU ho, usa dina vara ke ghara se tela, sira ke prasAdhana kI sAmagrI, sugaMdhita vastue~, drAkSa Adi khAdya padArtha aura sUkhA mevA Adi kanyA ke ghara bheje jaaeN| usa dina nagara kI striyA~ vara ke ghara aura kanyA ke ghara tela-dhAnya Adi lekara jaaeN| vara aura kanyA ke ghara kI vRddha striyA~ tela Adi lAne vAlI mahilAoM ko pakavAna Adi deN| * yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki gaNeza Adi kI sthApanA, kaMkaNa baMdhana aura vivAha sambandhI anya sabhI vidhi-prakriyAe~ vara-vadhU ke candrabala meM aura vivAha sambandhI nakSatra meM kreN| dhUlipUjA, karavApUjA, saubhAgyavatI nAriyoM dvArA pavitra jala lAnA Adi sabhI maMgala kArya, maMgala gIta evaM vAdya sahita apane-apane dezAcAra aura kulAcAra ke anurUpa kreN| bArAta vidhi- jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra bArAta ke prathama dina mAtRkA pUjA pUrvaka sabhI logoM ko bhojana kraaeN| * dUsare dina vara snAna karake, caMdana kA lepa lagAkara, sundara vastra, sugaMdhita padArtha aura puSpamAlA Adi se alaMkRta hokara, mastaka para mukuTa dhAraNa kara tathA azva, gaja yA mAnavagAr3I para ArUr3ha hokara cleN| . usake sAtha-sAtha AnaMda-pramoda karate hae sage-sambandhI va jJAtijana cleN| donoM ora maMgalagIta gAtI huI nAriyA~ cleN| * usake Age brAhmaNa loga grahazAnti mantra par3hate hue cleN| yaha grahazAnti mantra atyanta bhAvapUrNa evaM vara ke zreSTha jIvana ke lie varadAna rUpa mAnA gayA hai| vaha mantra nimna hai - _ "OM aha~ Adimo'rhan, Adimo nRpaH, Adimo niyantA, Adimoguru:, AdimaH sraSTA, Adima:kartA, Adima:bhartA, AdimojayI, AdimonayI, AdimaH zilpI, Adimo vidvAn, Adimo: jalpakaH, AdimaH zAstA, Adimo

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274...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana raudaH, Adima: saumyaH, Adima: kAmyaH, AdimaH zaraNyaH, Adimo dAtA Adimo vandyaH, Adima: stutya, Adimo jJeyaH, Adimo dhyeyaH, Adimo bhoktA, Adima: sor3hA, Adima: ekaH, Adimo'nekaH, AdimaHsthUlaH, AdimaH karmavAna, Adimo'karmA, Adimo dharmavit, Adimo'nuSTheya:, Adimo'nuSThAtA, Adima: sahajaH, Adimo dazAvAn, AdimaH sakalatraH, AdimovikalatraH, Adimo vivor3hA, AdimaH khyApaka:, Adimo jJApaMka, Adimo viduraH, AdimaH kuzalaH, Adimo vaijJAnikaH, Adima: sevya: Adimo gamyaH, AdimovimRSyaH, Adimo vimRSTA, surAsuranaroragapraNata:, prAptavimalakevalo, yo gIyate yatyavataMsaH, sakalaprANigaNihito, dayAluraparApekSaH, parAtmA, paraM jyotiH, paraM brahma, paramaizvaryamAk, paraMpara: rAparo'paraMparaH, jagaduttamaH, sarvagaH, sarvavit, sarvajit, sarvIyaH, sarvaprazasya:, sarvavandyaH, sarvapUjya:, sarvAtmA, asaMsAraH, avyayaH, avAryavIryaH, zrI saMzraya, zreyaH saMzrayaH, vizvAvazyAyahRta, saMzayahRta, vizvasAro, niraMjano, nirmamo, niSkalaMko, niSpApAtmA, niSpuNyaH, nirmanAH, nirvacAH, nirdehoH, ni:sazayo, nirAdhAro, niravadhi, pramANaM, prameyaM, pramAtA, jIvAjIvAzravabandhasaMvaranirjarA mokSaprakAzaka: sa eva bhagavAn zAntiM karotu, tuSTiM karotu, puSTiM karota, RddhiM karotu, vRddhi karotu, sukhaM karotu, zriyaM karotu, lakSmIM karotu, arha OMA" * phira isI vidhi se aura mahotsava pUrvaka caityaparipATI, guruvandana, maMDalIpUjA, nagara devatA Adi kA pUjana kreN| . phira kanyA ke nagara meM praveza kreN| vara kI bahana vizeSa prakAra se lavaNottaraNa Adi kreN| isa prakAra gRhastha guru ke sAtha vaha bArAta kanyA ke gRha dvAra taka phuNce| * vahA~ vara kI sAsa Adi kapUra evaM dIpaka se vara kI AratI utaareN| phira kuTumbI strI jalate hue aMgAroM evaM namaka se yukta zarAvasaMpuTa, jisameM tar3a-tar3a isa prakAra kI AvAja A rahI ho, ko vara ke Upara se utArakara praveza mArga meM bAIM ora sthApita kara de| * usake pazcAta dUsarI strI kusuMbha vastra se alaMkRta manthanadaMDa(mathAnI) sAmane lAe aura usase vara ke lalATa ko tIna bAra sparzita kreN| * phira vara vAhana se utarakara usa agni aura namaka vAle zarAvasaMpuTa ko apane bAeM paira se todd'e| * usake bAda sAsa yA kanyA kI bhAbhI yA mAmA vara ke kaMTha meM usa kausuMbha vastra ko DAlakara khIMcate hue mAtRgRha meM le jaae| vahA~ pahale

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ... 275 se hI baiThI huI kanyA kI bAIM tarapha aura mAtRdevI ke sAmane vara ko bitthaaeN| 49 hathalevA vidhi - usake bAda lagnavelA ke upasthita hone para gRhastha guru pIsI huI zamI evaM pIpala kI chAla ko candana dravya ke sAtha milAkara vara-vadhU ke hAtha meM usakA lepa kre| * phira vara kA hAtha sIdhA nIce tathA usake Upara vadhU kA hAtha ulaTA rakhate hue donoM ke dAhine hAtha ko milaaeN| Upara meM kausuMbhasUtra bAMdha deN| * usa samaya hasta bandhana kA nimna mantra par3heM 150 "OM arhaM AtmAsi, jIvo'si, samakAlo'si, samacitto'si, samakarmA'si samAzrayo'si, samadeho'si, samakriyo'si, samasneho'si, samaceSTito'si samabhilASe'si, sameccho'si, samapramodo'si, samaviSAdo'si, samAvastho'si, samanimitto'si, samavacAasi, samakSuttRSNo'si, samagamo'si, samavihAro'si, samaviSayo'si, samazabdo'si, samarUpo'si, samaraso'si, samagandho'si samasparzo'sa, samendriyo'si, samAzravo'si, samabandho'si, samasaMvaro'si, samanirjaro'si, samamokSo'si / tadehyekatvamidAnIM arhaM AUM||" vaidika paramparA meM deza yA kula paramparA ke anusAra hasta baMdhana kI kriyA karate samaya vara ko madhu -parka (dahI aura ghRta ke sAtha milAyA huA zahada) khilAnA, gAya kA jor3A denA aura kanyA ko AbhUSaNa pahanAnA Adi kArya kie jAte haiN| vedikA (caMvarI) racanA vidhi- tadanantara vara aura kanyA mAtRgRha meM baiThe raheM aura kanyApakSa vAle vedI ( caMvarI) kI racanA kareM / usakI vidhi yaha hai - kucha loga maNDapa ke bIca meM kASTha staMbhoM se va kASTha ke AcchAdana se yukta caukonI vedI banAte haiM aura cAroM konoM meM eka ke Upara eka rakhe gae choTe-choTe sonA, cA~dI, tAmra yA miTTI ke sAta-sAta kalazoM ko cAroM tarapha cAra-cAra hare bA~sa se bAMdhakara vedI ( ca~varI) banAte haiN| cAroM aura vastra yA kASThamaya toraNa bAMdhate haiM, madhya meM trikoNa agnikuMDa banAte haiN| * phira gRhastha guru vAsacUrNa, puSpa aura cAvala ko hAtha meM grahaNa kara nimna mantra par3hate hue vedI kI pratiSThA kare aura hastagRhIta puSpa Adi ko usa para uchaaleN| vedI pratiSThA kA mantra yaha hai "OM namaH kSetradevatAyai zivAyai, kSA~ kSI kSU kSauM kSaH / iha vivAha maNDape Agaccha aagcch| iha baliparibhogyaM gRha- gRha / bhogaM dehi, sukhaM dehi, yazo

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276... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana dehi, santatiM dehi, Rddhi dehi, vRddhiM dehi, sarva samIhitaM dehi dehi svaahaa||" toraNa pratiSThA vidhi - pUrvavata puSpa Adi uchAlakara toraNa kI pratiSThA kre| toraNa pratiSThA kA mantra nimna hai - "OM hrI~ zrI~ namo dvArazriye sarvapUjite sarvamAnite srvprdhaane| iha toraNasyA sarvaM samIhitaM dehi dehi svAhA / / " agnisthApanA vidhi- tatpazcAta vedI ke madhyabhAga meM nirmita agnikuMDa ke AgneyakoNa meM mantra pUrvaka agni kI sthApanA kre| agni sthApanA mantra nimna hai - "OM raM rAM rIM rUM rauM raH / namo'gnaye, namo bRhadbhAnave, namo'nantatejase, namo'nantavIryAya, namo'nantaguNAya namohiraNyaretase namaHchAgavAhanAya, namo hvyaashnaath| atra kuNDe Agaccha Agaccha, avatara avatara, tiSTha tiSTha svaahaa||" usake bAda nUtana vara-vadhu ko purUSa evaM nAriyoM kI goda meM biThAkara, gIta gAte hue, dakSiNadvAra se praveza karavAkara vedI ke bIca meM laaeN| * usake bAda apane-apane dezAcAra aura kulAcAra ke anusAra kASThAsanoM, beMta ke AsanoM, siMhAsanoM yA ghAsa nirmita AsanoM para vara-kanyA ko pUrva dizA kI ora mukha karake bitthaaeN| * phira hastalepa evaM vedIkarma ke ho jAne para kulAcAra anurUpa korA vastra, kausuMbhavastra yA svAbhAvika vastra vara-kanyA ko phnaaeN| homa vidhi- tatpazcAta gRhastha guru uttarAbhimukha hokara evaM mRgacarma para baiThakara nirdiSTa vastuoM dvArA agni prajvalita kara mantra pUrvaka ghI, zahada, tila, jau aura vividha prakAra ke phaloM kI Ahuti deM, havana kareM | 51 vaha havana mantra isa prakAra hai ke "U~ ahaM! U~ agne ! prasannaH sAvadhAno bhava / tavauyamavasaraH tadAkArayendraMyamaM, naiRtiM varUNaM vAyuM kuberamIzAnaM nAgAn brahmANaM lokapAlAn, grahAMzca sUrya- zazi- kuja- saumyA - bRhaspati-kavi-zani- rAhu-ketun, surAMzcAsuranAga suparNavidyudagnidvIpodadhidikkumArAn bhavanapatIn, pizAca-bhUtayakSa-rAkSasa-kinnara-kiMpurUSa -mahoraga- gandharvAn, vyantarAn candaurkagraha-nakSatra - tArakAn - jyotiSkAn, saudharmezAna sanatkumAra-mAhendra-brahmalAntakaka - zukrasahasrAraunatada prANatauraNAcyuta graiveyakaunuttarabhavAn vaimAnikAn, indrasAmAnikAn

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...277 pArSadyatrAyastriAMzallokapAlAnIka prakIrNa-sAyudhabala-vAhanAn svasvopalakSita cihvAn, apsarasazca parigRhItoparigRhItAbheda bhinnA: sasakhikA: sadAsikAH sAbharaNArUcakavAsinIdikkumArikAzca sarvAH, samudranadI giryAkaravanadevatAstadetAn sarvAn sarvAzca idaM arghyaM pAdyamAcamanIyaM baliM carUM huMta nyastaM grAhyagrAhya, svayaM gRhANagRhANa svAhA arha " * phira acchI taraha se agni prajvalita ho jAne para gRhastha guru vadhU ke sammukha baiThakara abhiSeka mantra kA uccAraNa kre| phira tIrthodaka se donoM ko siMcita kre| * phira vadhU ke dAdA, pitA, bhAI, nAnA yA mAmA dharmAnuSThAna hetu varakanyA ke Age baitthe| . phira zAntika-pauSTikakarma kreN| * tadanantara gRhastha guru ke kahane para donoM ke parivArikajana apanI kula, jAti yA vaMza ko prakaTa kreN| * tadanantara vara-kanyA se agni kI pUjA kraaeN| usake bAda vadhU aMjalI bhara 'lAve' kI agni meM Ahuti deN| pherA vidhi- tatpazcAta sarva parivAra aura agni kI sAkSI meM hasta milApa evaM granthi baMdhana sahita vara kanyA agni kI cAra pradakSiNA deN|. yahA~ tIna lAjAoM kI tIna pradakSiNAoM meM vadhU ko Age aura vara ko pIche rakhate haiM aura agni meM lAjA-muSThi se havana karate haiN| prathama kI tIna pradakSiNAoM meM vadhU ko dAhinI aura evaM vara ko bAIM ora bitthaaeN| . tIna pradakSiNA kI vidhi sampanna hone para pracalita prathA ke anusAra vara kanyA kI ora se sAta-sAta vacana die jAte haiN| . usake bAda cauthe phere ke samaya kanyA kA hAtha nIce aura vara kA hAtha Upara kre| phira vara ko Age kareM aura kanyA ko pIche kreN| . tadanantara agni meM lAjA kI muSThI prakSipta kara agni kI cauthI pradakSiNA kraae| * yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki pratyeka pradakSiNA ke pUrva gRhastha guru phere kA mantra bolate haiN| ve mantra isa prakAra haiM - prathama phere kA mantra- "OM aha~ anAdi vizvamanAdirAtmA, anAdi: kAlo'nAdikarma, anAdiH sambandho dehinAM dehAnumatAnugatAnAM krodhAhaMkArachadmalobhaiH saMjvalanapratyAkhyAnA-varaNAnantAnubandhibhiH zabda rUparasagandhasparzericchAnicchA-parisaMkalitai sambandhonubaMdhaH pratibandhaH saMyoga sugamaH sukRta: sunivRttaH sutuSTaH supuSTaH sulabdho dravya bhAva vizeSeNa aha~ / "

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278...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana dUsare phere kA mantra- "OM aha~ karmA'sti, mohanIyamasti, dIrghasthityasti nibiDamasti, duzchedyamasti, aSTAviMzati prkRtysti| krodho'sti, mAno'sti, mAyA'sti lobho'sti saMjvalano'sti, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNo'sti, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNo'sti, anantAnubandhyasti, catuzcaturvidho'sti hAsyamasti, ratirasti, aratirasti, bhayamasti, jugupsA'sti, zoko'sti, puMvedo'sti strIvedo'sti, npuNskvedo'sti| mithyAtvamasti mizramasti, smyktvmsti| saptatikoTAkoTisAgarasthityasti arha aaN" tIsare phere kA mantra - "OM aha~ karmA'sti, vedanIyamasti, sAtamasti, asaatmsti| suvedyaM, sAtam, durvedymsaatm| suvargaNAzravaNaM sAtaM, durvrgnnaashrvnnNmsaatm| zubhaSaDrasAsvAdanaM sAtaM, azubhaSaD- rsaasvaadnmsaatN| zubhagandhAghrANaM sAtaM, azubhagandhAghrANaM sAtaM, azubha- gndhaaghraannmsaatN| zubhapudgalasparza: sAtaM, ashubhpudgl-sprsho'saat| sarvaM sukhakRtsAtaM, sarvaM dukhakRt asaat| aha~ / " cauthe phere kA mantra- "OM arha sahajo'sti, svabhAvo'sti, saMbandho'sti, prtibdvo'sti| mohanIyamasti, vedanIyamasti, nAmA'sti, gotramasti, aayursti| heturasti, Azravabaddhamasti, kriyaabddhmsti| tadasti sAMsArika: sNbndhH| arha OMA~" dAyajA (dhana) pradAna vidhi- jaba vara-kanyA agni kI pradakSiNA kareM, usa samaya kanyA ko dene yogya sabhI prakAra kI vastue~-vastra, AbhUSaNa, pAtra, vAhana, palaMga Adi vedI (caeNvarI) ke sthAna para lAe jaaeN| vara-kanyA cauthI pradakSiNA dekara baiTha jaaeN| vizeSa itanA hai ki cauthI pradakSiNA ke bAda vara dAIM ora evaM kanyA bAIM ora baitthe|52 * usake bAda guru mantra pUrvaka vAsa, dUrvA, cAvala aura darbha kA donoM ke mastaka para nikSepa kreN| phira gRhastha guru ke kahane para kanyA kA pitA jala, yava, tila aura darbha ko vara ke hAtha meM dekara 'sudAyaM dadAmi pratigRhANa' mantra ko bolate hue pUrvokta vastra Adi daheja ke rUpa meM pradAna kre| karamocana vidhi- tadanantara guru vara kanyA ko mAtagRha meM le jaaeN| phira kanyA ke pitA dvArA nivedana kie jAne para guru mantra pUrvaka karamocana kreN| karamocana kA mantra nimna hai

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...279 "OM aha~ jIvatvaM karmaNA baddhaH, jJAnAvaraNena baddhaH, darzanAvaraNena baddhaH, vedanIyena baddha, mohanIyena baddhaH, AyuSA baddho, nAmnAbaddho, gotreNabaddhaH, antarAyeNabaddhaH prakRtyA baddhaH sthityA baddhaH, rasena baddhaH, pradezena bddhH| tadastu te mokSo gunnsthaanaarohkrmenn| aha~ / " karamocana ke avasara para kanyA kA pitA dAmAda ko yathAzakti dAna kre| AzIrvAda vidhi- usake bAda vara-kanyA puna: vedIgRha meM aaeN| gRhastha guru AzIrvAda pradAna kre| * phira zrRMgAragRha meM praveza kare, vahA~ pUrva sthApita kAma kI kula va vRddhoM ke anusAra pUjA kreN| * tadanaMtara donoM kSIrAnna kA bhojana kreN| ___anya vidhiyA~- tadanantara pUrvokta utsava pUrvaka apane nagara meM lautteN| vahA~ apane dezAcAra aura kulAcAra ke anurUpa vara-vadhU kI nirUMchana-maMgala vidhi kreN| * kaMkaNabaMdhana, kaMkaNamocana, dyUtakrIDA aura veNI gUMthanA Adi dezAcAra ke anusAra kreN| usake bAda kanyApakSa vivAha saMskAra ke sAta dina bAda mAtRvisarjana kI kriyA kre| * vara pakSa vAle kulakara kI visarjana vidhi kreN| usake bAda pUrvavata maMDalIpUjA, gurupUjA, vAsagrahaNa, jJAnapUjA, muniyoM ko dAna Adi kreN| * yaha vivAha-vidhi AcAradinakara ke anusAra kahI gaI hai| vartamAna kI vivAha paddhati isase kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai| Ajakala jaina paddhati se vivAha karane kI paripATI samApta-sI ho cukI hai| * vartamAna pracalita toraNa sparza karanA, kanyA ke gRhadvAra para toraNa bAMdhanA, dulhana kI goda bharanA, dulhe kA kuMkuma Adi se tilaka karanA, dulhe ke dvArA miTTI ke ghar3e meM mudrAdi DAlanA, vadhU kI mA~ ke dvArA vara ke pA~va dUdha se dhonA, dhUsara, maMthAna, mUsala, hala aura carakhe kI trAka se vara kI pauMkhana-kriyA karanA arthAta dhUsara Adi paMca vastuoM ko lAla kapar3e meM bAMdhakara tIna bAra vara ke mastaka para phirAnA ityAdi kriyAoM kA AcAradinakara meM ullekha nahIM haiM, kintu vartamAna meM ye sabhI vidhiyA~ kI jAtI haiN| isase dhvanita hotA hai ki pUrva nirdiSTa nekAcAra pandrahavIM zatI ke bAda astitva meM Ae haiN| ye vidhAna kaba-kaise, vivAha-saMskAra ke aMga bana gae? isa sambandha meM prAmANika jAnakArI ke binA kucha kaha pAnA muzkila hai| isake sivAya bhinna-bhinna deza evaM bhinna-bhinna kula paramparA ke kAraNa anya bhI

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280... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana aneka rIti-rivAja kie jAte haiM, ve apanI paramparA ke AdhAra para samajhane yogya haiN| digambara- digambara paramparA meM vivAha saMskAra kI yaha vidhi ullekhita hai- vivAha ke dina prAtaH kAla meM vara aura kanyA apane-apane jinAlaya meM jAkara zubha muhUrta meM vinAyakayantra kI pUjA kreN| 53 phira ghara Akara gRhasthAcArya se kaMkaNabaMdhana krvaaeN| yaha kaMkaNabaMdhana kanyA ke bAeM hAtha meM aura vara ke dAeM hAtha meM kiyA jaae| kanyA ke kaMkaNa meM pA~ca aura vara ke kaMkaNa meM sAta gA~Tha lgaaeN| kaMkaNa bAMdhane kA mantra yaha hai jinendra guru pUjanam zrutavacaH sadA dhAraNam / svazIlayamarakSaNaM dadana sattapovRhaMNam / / iti prathitaSaTkriyA, niraticAramAstAM tave / tyatha prathitakarmaNi vihita rakSikAbaMdhanam / / digambara-paramparAnusAra vivAha ke pUrva TIkA ke avasara para kanyApakSa kI ora se vara ke lie vastra evaM aMgUThI tathA vivAha- muhUrtta likhA huA mAMgalika lagnapatra paMcoM ke samakSa bhejA jAtA hai| vaha vara ko paTTa para biThAkara phala va puSpamAlA sahita usake goda meM diyA jAtA hai / yadi AvazyakatA ho, to vivAha ke sAta yA pA~ca dina pUrva vivAha - maNDala taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai / ise staMbhAropaNa kahate haiN| yaha vidhi jyotiSI se pUchakara Agneya koNa meM vara evaM kanyA ke gRhAMgana meM kI jAtI hai| staMbhAropaNa karane ke lie gaDDhA khudavAte haiM, phira maMgalakalaza evaM yantra-pUjAdi pUrvaka staMbha Aropita karate haiN| staMbha ke Upara ke hisse meM lAla vastra meM zrIphala, supArI, haldI gA~Tha, cavannI, sarasoM, pAna, Ama ke patte, amarabela Adi bAMdhakara laTakAte haiN| vara ke yahA~ kevala maNDapa kI racanA hotI hai, jabaki kanyA ke yahA~ maNDapa ke sivAya bhA~vara(phere) ke lie vedI kI racanA bhI hotI hai| vedI ke yogya sthAna para candovA tAnA jAtA hai aura kahIM-kahIM mAnastambha va kalaza bhI sthApita karate haiN| vedI banAne ke lie kama-se-kama cAra hAtha kI lambI-caur3I jamIna ke Asa-pAsa cAroM konoM meM cAra kuNDa rakhakara cAra-cAra bA~sa va Upara bhI kula cAra bA~sa lagAkara unheM mUMja kI rassI se bAMdha dete haiN| bIca meM utanA U~cA candovA bAMdhA jAtA haiM, jisake nIce vara-kanyA AsAnI se khar3e raha skeN|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...281 vartamAna meM yaha taiyAra bhI milatI hai| usa vedI ke bIca eka hAtha lambA-caur3A sthaMDila(havana kuNDa) banAte haiN| yahA~ havana kuNDa se tAtparya gArhapatya, dakSiNAgni aura AhavanIya-aisI tIna agniyoM kI sthApanA karanA hai| vivAha kI samasta kriyAe~ ina agniyoM ke samakSa kI jAtI hai| jo vedI tIna kaTanI kI banAI jAtI hai unameM prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya kaTanIgata agni kI sthApanA ina tIna agniyoM se kI jAtI hai, ataeva phere kA samaya hone ke pUrva sthaMDila(havana kuNDa) para kuMkuma se svastika banAeM, cAroM ora dIpaka rkheN| phira pUrva yA uttara dizA kI ora mukha karake TaMgI huI kaTanI meM Upara yaMtra, bIca meM zAstra aura nIce meM guru-pUjA ke nimitta kAgaja para causaTha Rddhi kI racanA kara rkheN| aSTamaMgala kI sajAvaTa kreN|54 usake bAda zubha muhUrta meM vara-kanyA vedI ke sthAna para aaeN| usa samaya vadhUpakSa ke daravAje para kanyA kI mAtA cAvala kA choTA-sA cauka pUrakara paTTa rakheM aura usa para jala dvArA vara ke pA~va dhoe tathA usakI AratI kre| kanyA kA mAmA vara kA tilaka kara eka rUpayA va zrIphala pradAna kre| phira donoM vedIsthAna ke samakSa Akara khar3e ho jaaeN| usa samaya donoM ko eka-eka puSpAhAra diyA jaae| gRhasthAcArya maMgalASTaka par3he aura zubha muhUrta ke hone para vara kanyA ko aura kanyA vara ko puSpamAlA phnaae| phira donoM bichAI huI darI para baitthe| kanyA vara ke dAIM ora baitthe| gRhasthAcArya vara se maMgala kalaza kI sthApanA karavAe, usa kalaza ko supArI, haldI gA~Tha, cavannI Adi mAMgalika vastue~ DAlakara lAlavastra se AcchAdita kre| usake bAda jinendradeva kI pUjA kareM, navadevatA kA pUjana kareM, vinAyaka yantra kI pUjA kareM, phira siddha pratimA kI pUjA kreN| yantrAdi kI pUjA vidhi samApta hone para kanyA ke pitA va kanyA ke mAmA yantra ke sAmane tathA vara ke pitA aura vara ke mAmA yantra ke pIche hAtha jor3akara khar3e ho jaaeN| usake bAda gRhasthAcArya kanyA kI sammati pUrvaka kanyA ke pitA va mAmA se vara ke prati yaha vAkya bulavAe-"maiM ApakI dharmAcaraNa, samAja evaM deza kI sevA meM sahayoga dene ke lie apanI yaha kanyA pradAna karanA cAhatA huuN| Apa ise svIkAra kareM aura dharma kA pAlana kreN|" isI prakAra vara ke pitA va mAmA yantra ko namaskAra kara kaheM-"hama ApakI kanyA ko svIkAra karate haiM aura isake sahayoga se vara dharma,

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282... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana artha aura kAma kA sevana kreNge|" isa avasara para upasthita sabhI strI, purUSa vara-kanyA ke prati 'vRNItvaM vRNIdhvaM ( varo)' kahakara puSpa uchaaleN| usake bAda kanyA ke pitA jhArI yA kalazI meM jala lekara vara ke dAeM hAtha kI kaniSThikA aMgulI se kanyA ke bAeM hAtha kI kaniSThikA aMgulI kA sparza karavAeM aura mantrapUrvaka una para jaladhArA chodd'eN| kanyA bheMTa karane kA mantra nimna hai - "OM namo'rhate zrImate vardhamAnAya zrI valAyurArogya saMtAnAbhivardhanaM bhavatu kSvIM kSvIM haM saH svAhA / " tatpazcAt pUrva nirdiSTa havana kuNDa para hI caukoNa tIrthaMkara kuNDa, gola gaNadhara kuNDa aura trikoNa sAmAnyakevalI kuNDa kI sthApanA kreN| phira zloka ke uccAraNapUrvaka una para kanyA se tIna argha cddh'vaaeN| phira Ahuti pradAna kreN| eka Ahuti kAmya mantra par3hakara deN| vara-kanyA para puSpakSepa kreN| isI krama meM jAtimantra, nistArakamaMtra, RSimaMtra, surendramantra, paramarAjAdimantra, parameSThimantra, AhutimaMtra bolakara eka-eka Ahuti deN| phira zAMtimantra ke uccAraNa pUrvaka 108 yA 27 bAra Ahuti deN| usake bAda saptapadI pUjA kraaeN| granthi baMdhana - havana-vidhi ke bAda kanyA kI sAr3I ke palle meM cavannI, supArI, haldIgA~Tha, sarasoM va puSpa baaNdheN| phira usase vara ke dupaTTe ke palle ko bAMdha deN| yaha granthi bandhana kI kriyA saubhAgyavatI strI dvArA karavAI jaae| granthi baMdhana kA mantra nimna hai - "asmin janmanyeSa bandhordvayorvai, kAme dharme vA gRhsthtvbhaaji| yogo jAtaH paMcadevAgni sAkSI, paMcadevAgni sAkSI, jAeMpattyoraMcalagraMthi baMdhAt / " pANigrahaNa - granthi baMdhana hone kA bAda kanyA kA pitA kanyA ke bAe hAtha meM aura vara ke dAhine hAtha meM jala mizrita haldI kA lepa kare / loka meM jo pIle hAtha karane kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, yaha vahI vidhi hai / phira vara ke dAeM hAtha meM thor3I-sI gIlI meMhadI aura eka cavannI rakhakara usa para kanyA kA bAyAM hAtha rkheN| kanyA kA hAtha Upara aura vara kA hAtha nIce ho, isa prakAra karake varakanyA kA hathalevA bAMdha deN| pANigrahaNa hathalevA kA mantra yaha haimahAridrapaMkamavalipya suvAsinIbhirdataM dvayorjanakayoH khalu tau gRhItvA / vAmaM karaM nijasutAbhavamagrapANim, limpedvarasya ca karadvayayojanArtha // pANigrahaNa ke bAda kanyA ko Age aura vara ko pIche karake ca~varI (havana

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...283 kuNDa) ke cAroM aura cha: phere dilvaaeN|56 isa samaya gRhasthAcArya pratyeka phere ke bAda nimna mantroccAra pUrvaka argha cddh'aaeN| phere ke mantraOM hrIM sajjAti paramasthAnAya arghym| OM hIM sadgRhastha paramasthAnAya arghym| U~ hrIM pArivrAjya paramasthAnAya arghym| U~ hrI surendra paramasthAnAya arghym| OM hIM sAmrAjya paramasthAnAya arghym| OM hIM Arhantya paramasthAnAya arghym| pradakSiNA (pheroM) ke samaya striyA~ maMgalagIta gaaeN| cha: pheroM ke bAda donoM apane sthAna para baiTha jaaeN| taba gRhasthAcArya vara-kanyA donoM se eka-dUsare ke prati sAta-sAta pratijJA vacana bulvaae| ina pratijJAoM ko saptapadI kahate haiN| phira vara ko Age karake sAtavA~ pherA lgvaae| ___tadanantara gRhasthAcArya mantra pUrvaka navadampati para puSpa kSepaNa kre| phira donoM ora se yathAzakti dAna kI ghoSaNA karavAe, phira hathalevA chuddvaae| phira khar3e hokara maMgala kalaza kare arthAta 'puNyAhavAcana' ke pATha pUrvaka eka pAtra meM jaladhArA chur3avAIM jaae| isa samaya zAMtidhArA kA pATha bhI bole| AzIrvAda evaM AratI- tatpazcAta gRhasthAcArya zloka pUrvaka navadampati ko AzIrvAda pradAna kre| phira kanyA kI mAtA vara kA tilaka kara usakI AratI kre| usake pazcAt maMgala gIta pUrvaka vara-vadhU ko vidA kreN| ____ AdipurANa meM digambarIya vivAha paddhati kA saMkSipta svarUpa isa prakAra milatA hai 57- vivAha ke dina dvija (vidhikAraka guru) siddha paramAtmA kI samyak prakAra se pUjA kre| phira tInoM agniyoM kI pUjA kre| phira unakI sAkSI pUrvaka vaivAhika kriyAe~ sampanna kre| yaha vivAhotsava mahAna vaibhava ke sAtha siddha paramAtmA kI pratimA ke samakSa karanA caahie| vara-vadhU ko sAta dina taka brahmacaryavrata dhAraNa karane kA saMkalpa lenA caahie| vivAhotsava ke uparAnta apane yogya kisI deza yA tIrtha bhUmi meM bhramaNa kara mahAna ADambara ke sAtha apane ghara meM praveza kreN| yahA~ digambara mAnya vivAha vidhi pracalita paramparA ke anusAra kahI gaI hai|

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284...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana yaha vidhi atha se iti taka dhArmika anuSThAnoM se sambandha rakhatI hai| isa vidhi ko par3hane se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha eka dharmAnumodita paramparA hai| isa paramparA ne pratyeka saMskAra ko dhArmikatA se jor3A hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara mAnya vivAha vidhi bhI dhArmika bhAvoM se anuprANita haiM, tathApi siddhapratimApUjana, maMgala kalaza sthApana, jinendra bhakti Adi kA isameM vizeSa ullekha hai| isameM toraNa sparza karanA, lavaNa utAranA, pauMkhanA karanA, vara kI nAka khIMcanA, agniyukta sakorA tor3anA Adi kriyAkalApoM kA sUcana nahIM bhI hai| saMbhavata: ye pracalita vidhAna isa paramparA meM bhI avazya hI sampanna kie jAte hoMge, parantu ullekha na karane kA hetu vicAraNIya hai| vaidika- hindU paramparA meM vivAha saMskAra kI vidhi kA atyanta vistRta svarUpa prApta hotA hai| isI ke sAtha vivAha sambandhI kRtyoM ko lekara isa paramparA meM kaI mata-matAntara bhI dekhe jAte haiN| yahA~ vivAha saMskAra ke mahattvapUrNa evaM pracalita kRtyoM kA digdarzana mAtra kiyA jA rahA hai vadhU-vara guNa parIkSA- vaivAhika sambandha taya karane ke lie vadhU-vara ke yogya guNoM kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai| varapreSaNa- prAcIna kAla meM kanyA ke pAsa vyakti bheje jAte the| madhyakAla ke kSatriyoM meM bhI yaha prathA thii| Adhunika kAla meM brAhmaNoM tathA bahuta sI anya jAtiyoM meM lar3akI kA pitA vara DhUMr3hatA hai, yadyapi zUdroM meM yaha prAcIna paramparA aba bhI maujUda hai| vAgdAna- vivAha taya karanA athavA vara ko kanyAdAna kI maukhika svIkRti denaa| maNDapakaraNa- vivAha ke lie paNDAla bnaanaa| vadhugRhagamana- vara kA bArAta ke rUpa meM vadhU ke ghara jaanaa| madhuparka- vadhU ke ghara vara kA prathama bAra Agamana hone para zvasura dvArA svAgata ke rUpa meM diyA jAne vAlA khAdya pdaarth| isa sambandha meM aneka mata pracalita haiN| snApana-paridhApana evaM sannahana- vivAha ke dina vadhU ko snAna karAnA, nayA vastra pahanAnA, usakI kaTi meM dhAgA yA kuza kI rassI baaNdhnaa|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ... 285 samaMjana- vivAha ke pUrva sAta, nau, gyAraha yA teraha dina vara evaM vadhU ke zarIra para ubaTana yA sugandha lgaanaa| pratisarabandha- vadhU ke hAtha meM kaMgana baaNdhnaa| vadhU-vara niSkramaNa - ghara ke antaH kakSa se vara evaM vadhU kA maNDapa meM aanaa| paraspara samIkSaNa- vara-vadhU kA eka dUsare kI ora dekhnaa| yaha kriyA viziSTa vidhi pUrvaka hotI hai / kanyAdAna -- vara ko kanyA pradAna krnaa| yaha kRtya Aja bhI maujUda hai| agni sthApana evaM homa - vivAha lagna ke ThIka pUrva agni kI sthApanA karanA evaM agni meM Ajya kI AhutiyA~ ddaalnaa| pANigrahaNa - kanyA kA hAtha pakar3anA arthAta hathalevA - vidhi| denaa| lAjahoma- kanyA dvArA agni meM dhAna ke lAvA (khIloM) kI Ahuti denaa| agnipariNayana - vara dvArA vadhU ko lekara agni evaM kalaza kI pradakSiNA azmArohaNa- vadhU ko patthara para cddh'aanaa| saptapadI - cAvala kI sAta rAziyoM para vara vadhU dvArA pratyeka para sAtasAta paga clnaa| mUrdhAbhiSeka - vara-vadhU ke mastaka para jala chir3akanA / sUryodIkSaNa - vadhU ko sUrya kI ora dekhane ko kahanA / hRdayasparza - mantra ke sAtha vadhU ke hRdaya kA sparza karanA / prekSakAnumantraNa - navavivAhita dampati kI ora saMketa karake darzakoM ko sambodhita krnaa| dakSiNAdAna - AcArya ko bheMTa denA / gRhapraveza - vara ke gRha meM praveza karanA / dhruvArUndhatI - darzana - vivAha ke dina kanyA ko dhruva evaM arundhatI tAre kI ora dekhane ko kahanA | Agneya-sthAlIpAka- agni ko pakvAnna kI Ahuti denA / trirAtravrata- vivAha ke uparAnta tIna rAtriyoM taka kucha niyamoM kA pAlana krnaa|

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286...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana caturthIkarma- vivAha ke uparAnta cauthI rAtri kA kRty| sImAntapUjana- vadhU ke nagara meM vara evaM usakI bArAta ke pahuMcane para unakA sammAna krnaa| AdhunikakAla meM yaha kRtya vAgdAna ke pUrva kiyA jAtA hai| hara-gaurIpUjA- ziva evaM gaurI kI pUjA krnaa| tailaharidrAropaNa- vadhU ke zarIra para tela evaM haldI ke lepa ke uparAnta bace hae bhAga se vara ke zarIra kA lepana krnaa| ArdrAkSatAropaNa- vara evaM vadhU dvArA bhIge hue akSatoM ko paraspara meM ekadUsare para chidd'knaa| __ maMgalasUtra bandhana- vadhU ke kaNTha meM svarNima evaM anya prakAra ke dAne dhAge meM pirokara baaNdhnaa| Adhunika yuga meM yaha maMgalasUtra nAmaka eka AbhUSaNa hotA hai, jo pati ke jIvita rahane taka dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| uttarIyaprAnta bandhana- vara evaM vadhU ke vastra ke konoM meM haldI evaM pAna bAMdhakara una donoM ko eka sAtha baaNdhnaa| eriNIdAna- eka bar3e thAla meM jalate hue dIpaka ke sAtha bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI bheMTa sajAkara kanyA kI sAsa ko denA, jisase vaha vadhU ko sneha se rkhe| devakotthApana evaM maNDapodavAsana- Amantrita devI-devatAoM kA visarjana karanA aura vivAha-maNDapa ko httaanaa|58 vaidika paramparA meM vivAha ko pandrahavA~ saMskAra kahA gayA hai yahA~ tulanAparaka dRSTi se hI isa saMskAra kI vidhi caudahaveM saMskAra ke krama meM kahI gaI hai| mUlata: isa paramparA meM caudahavA~ saMskAra kezAnta nAma kA mAnA gayA hai| kezAnta saMskAra- kezAnta kA zabdaza: artha hai-keza kA anta kara denA arthAta keza kA muNDana karavA denaa| .. vaidika mAnya vedArambha(11vA~) saMskAra meM brahmacArI bAlaka gurukula meM veda granthoM kA adhyayana karatA hai| usa samaya brahmacArI ke lie brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA, keza aura zmazra(dAr3hI) rakhanA, mauMjI-mekhalA Adi dhAraNa karanA anivArya mAnA gayA hai| jaba vidyAdhyayana pUrNa ho jAtA hai, taba kezAnta saMskAra, guru kula meM hI sampanna kiyA jAtA hai arthAta zmazru vapana(dAr3hI banAne) kI kriyA sampanna kI jAtI hai ata: yaha zmazru-saMskAra bhI kahalAtA hai| ise godAna

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ... ..287 saMskAra bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki 'gau' yaha nAma keza (bAloM) kA bhI hai aura kezoM kA antabhAga zmazrubhAga hI kahalAtA hai| raghuvaMza(3 / 33 padya kI mallinAtha vyAkhyA) ke anusAra 'gau' arthAta loma - keza jisameM kATa die jAte haiM, vaha godAna saMskAra hai| manu ke anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ko kramazaH solahaveM, bAIsaveM aura caubIsaveM varSa meM kezAntakarma karAnA caahie| Ajakala isa saMskAra kA Ayojana prAyaH nahIMvata raha gayA hai| uparyukta vivaraNa se yaha bAta sarvathA spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki hindU paramparA meM vaivAhika saMskAra se sambandhita vidhi-vidhAnoM kI eka lambI sUcI hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki kAlakrama ke prabhAva se dhArmika - vicAradhArAe~, sAmAjikaprathAe~ evaM laukika-kriyAe~ parivartita hotI rahatI haiN| jaisA ki prArambha meM dharma zAstroM meM kevala vaidika karmakANDa hI nihita the, laukika-kriyAoM aura prathAoM kA unameM koI sthAna nahIM thA, kintu Age calakara kucha paristhitiyoM ne laukika-vidhividhAnoM aura prathAoM ko mAnyatA dene ke lie bAdhya kara diyA, sAtha hI una paddhatiyoM aura prayogoM kA bhI isameM samAveza kara liyA gayA, jo prAcIna dharma zAstroM kI apekSA adhika vyAvahArika tathA navIna paramparAoM ko prastuta karane vAle haiN| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhArata ke bhinna-bhinna bhAgoM meM vibhinna paddhatiyoM evaM prayogoM kA anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa bhinna-bhinna pradezoM meM vaivAhika kriyAe~ bhI bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH usake vidhi-vidhAna kI saMkhyA meM bhI antara hai| jaina paramparA kI bhA~ti hindU paramparA ke sambandha meM bhI eka bAta avazya ullekhanIya hai ki kanyA ke dvAra para toraNa bAMdhanA, vara dvArA toraNa kA sparza karanA, sAsujI dvArA pauMkhaNa kArya karanA, bahana dvArA lavaNa utAranA, vara ke pA~va dhonA ityAdi bahu pracalita kRtya-vidhiyoM kA vaidika granthoM meM nirdeza huA ho aisA par3hane meM nahIM AyA hai| vivAha saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke bahupakSIya prayojana vivAha kA tAtparya hai- Upara uThAnA, yoga denA, grahaNa karanA, dhAraNa karanA aadi| vivAha kAmabhoga praviSTi kA pramANa-patra nahIM hai, apitu eka mAnavIya vyavasthA hai| mUlataH vivAha manuSya ke jIvana meM sarvAdhika krAntikArI ghaTanA hai aura yaha manuSya ke jIvana meM eka pUrNataH navIna adhyAya kA prArambha kara do

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288...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vyaktiyoM ke bIca eka sarvathA navIna sambandha sthApita karatI hai, jinake sapariNAma samAja ko U~cAIyoM kI ora le jAne meM prabala kAraNa banate haiN| isakI mukhya vajaha yaha hai ki isa saMskAra ke kRtya soddezya aura kisI na kisI artha ke pratIka rUpa meM anuSThita hue haiN| unakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai kanyAdAna ke tAttvika pahalU - kanyA ke abhibhAvakoM ko usake uttaradAyitva se nivRtta kara una dAyitvoM ko varapakSa ke abhibhAvakoM meM sthAnAntarita karanA kanyAdAna hai| kanyAdAna ke pUrva taka kanyA ke bharaNa-poSaNa, saMrakSaNa-saMvarddhana, sukha-zAnti, Ananda- ullAsa Adi kA khyAla mAtA-pitA rakhate haiM, taduparAnta yaha dAyitva pati evaM usake kuTumbiyoM ko nibhAnA hotA hai| kanyAdAna ke samaya kanyA ke hAthoM meM haridrA lagAte haiM, vaha maMgala sUcaka kriyA hai| lakSmI kA pratIka svarga hai aura svarga ko pIle raMga kA mAnA gayA hai| kanyA ke hAtha pItavarNI isalie bhI kie jAte haiM ki aba taka lAr3a-pyAra se rahI, aba use apane hAthoM ko nava-nirmANa ke aneka uttaradAyitva saMbhAlane ko taiyAra karanA hai| isake dvArA yaha mauna-saMdeza bhI diyA jAtA hai ki use Age sRjanazakti ke rUpa meM prakaTa honA hai aura isake lie ina komala hAthoM ko adhika uttaradAyI evaM kaThora banAnA hai| isa kRtya ke mAdhyama se sasurAla pakSIya sadasyoM ko bhI yaha zikSA dI jAtI hai ki ve kaccI umra kI anubhavahIna evaM bhAvuka bAlikA ko sneha, sahayoga tathA sukha zAnti pUrvaka rkheN| pANigrahaNa ke mArmika saMdeza- kanyA dvArA apanA hAtha vara ke hAtha meM sauMpanA tathA vara dvArA kanyA ke hAtha ko apane hAthoM meM grahaNa karanA athavA apane hAtha ko kanyA ke hAthoM meM supurda karanA pANigrahaNa kahalAtA hai| isakA hArda yaha hai ki pANigrahaNa ke pazcAta vara aura vadhU-donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka banate hue eka dUsare vikAsa meM sahayogI bane evaM jIvana yAtrA ke nirvahana meM AdhAra staMbha bneN| donoM meM paraspara Agraha buddhi yA haThAgraha vRtti kA nAmonizAna nahIM raha sakegA aura isI meM dAmpatya jIvana kA vAstavika Ananda nihita hai| isa prasaMga para vara yaha bhI anubhava kare ki kanyA ne apanA vyaktitva, apanI icchAe~, AkAMkSAe~ evaM gatividhiyoM ko saMcAlita karane kA sampUrNa dAyitva arthAta sampUrNa jIvana use saupa diyA hai aura usane bhI samAja ke sammukha ina dAyitvoM ke nirvahana kA saMkalpa liyA hai, isIliye usane vadhU kA hAtha thAma

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa... 289 liyA hai, aba use pIche nahIM haTanA hai| isakA eka prayojana yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kanyA kA pitA apanI kanyA ko vara ke hAtha meM sauMpatA hai 159 granthi bandhana ke maulika uddezya - kanyA kI or3hanI ke eka kinAre ko vara ke dupaTTe se bAMdhanA granthi bandhana hai| yahA~ dupaTTe evaM or3hanI ke chora ko bAMdhane kA uddezya donoM ke zarIra aura mana kA eka saMyukta ikAI ke rUpa meM bAMdhate hue eka naI sattA kA AvirbhAva karanA hai| yaha kRtya eka-dUsare meM pUrNa rUpeNa samAhita hone kA saMdeza detA hai / granthi bandhana meM paisA, puSpa, dUrvA, haridrA aura akSata -ye pA~ca vastueM bhI bAMdhate haiN| paisA isalie rakhA jAtA hai yA paisA rakhane kA artha yaha hai ki dhana para kisI eka kA adhikAra na rahe, usa para donoM kA saMyukta adhikAra rhe| kharca karane ke lie donoM hI samAnAdhikArI raheMge / dUrvA kA artha hai - yaha kabhI nirjIva na hone vAlI prema bhAvanA kI suuck| jisa prakAra dUrvA meM jIvana tattva naSTa nahIM hotA hai, pAnI meM DAlane para sukhI durvA bhI harI ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra donoM ke mana meM eka-dUsare ke lie ajasra prema aura AtmIyatA banI rahe, candra - cakora kI taraha donoM eka-dUsare para apane ko nyauchAvara karate raheM, apanA kaSTa kama aura sAthI kA kaSTa bar3hakara mAneM, apane sukha kI apekSA sAthI ke sukha kA adhika dhyAna rakheM, apanA Antarika-prema eka- dUsare para ur3elate raheM / haridrA - haridrA Arogya kI sUcaka hai| yaha vidhAna eka-dUsare ke zArIrika evaM mAnasika svAsthya kI nirogatA meM sahayogI banane kA preraka hai| yaha bhAvanameM donoM taka hI sImita na rahe, apitu parivAra evaM jana-jana ke lie bhI vikasita kreN| akSata isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki Apa donoM eka-dUsare ke lie hI nahIM baMdhe haiM, varan samAja sevA kA vrata evaM uttaradAyitva bhI isa granthi baMdhana meM mahattvapUrNa lakSya ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| puSpa - puSpa ha~sate-khilate rahane kA saMdeza detA hai| eka-dUsare ko ha~sAeMkhilAeM, eka-dUsare ko dekhakara prasanna hoN| eka-dUsare ko sugandhita banAne ke lie, yaza phailAne ke lie, sadaiva tatpara rheN| isa prakAra granthi baMdhana meM dUrvA, puSpa, haridrA, akSata aura paisA - ye pA~ca vastue~ rakhate hue yaha AzA kI jAtI hai ki ve jina lakSyoM ke sAtha Apasa meM baMdhe haiM, unheM AjIvana nirantara smaraNa meM rakheM 160

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290...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana havana-Ahuti ke gUr3ha rahasya- havana, homa, Ahuti-ye prAya: samAnArthaka zabda haiN| havana-agni meM sAmagrI kI Ahuti denA, AvAhana krnaa| homa yajJAgni meM ghI kI Ahuti denaa| Ahuti-eka prakAra kA puNya kRtya, havanakuMDa meM havanasAmagrI DAlanA Ahuti kahalAtA hai| Ahuti kA AdhyAtmika artha hai-kusaMskAroM kA homa karanA, asatya AcaraNa kI tilAMjali denA aadi| paM. zrIrAma zarmA AcArya ne cAra prakAra kI AhutiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- 1. prAyazcitta homa 2. rASTrabhRta homa 3. jayA homa aura 4. lAjA hom|61 jaina paramparA meM vivAha saMskAra ke samaya lAjA homa kI AhutiyA~ dI jAtI hai| 1. prAyazcitta-homa kI AhutiyA~ dete samaya donoM ke mana meM yaha bhAvanA AnI cAhie ki dAmpatya jIvana meM bAdhA pahu~cAne vAle jo bhI kusaMskAra aba taka mana meM rahe hoM, una saba ko svAhA kiyA jA rahA hai| kisI se pati vrata yA patnI vrata kA ullaMghana karane kI koI bhUla huI ho to use aba eka svapna jaisI bAta samajhakara vismRta kiyA jaae| isa prakAra koI anya nazebAjI jaisA durvyasana rahA ho yA svabhAva meM rUkSatA, kaThoratA, svArthaparatA jaisI vRtti vidyamAna ho to usakA tyAga kiyA jA rahA hai| sAtha hI bhaviSya meM isa prakAra kI bhUla na karane kA saMkalpa bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| 2. rASTrabhRta homa se tAtparya hai - parivAra, samAja evaM rASTra ke prati jo uttaradAyitva gRhastha ke Upara hai, unakA utsAha, zraddhA evaM udAratA ke sAtha nirvAha kiyA jaae| isa saMkalpa ko hRdayaMgama karane ke lie rASTra-bhRta homa kI AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| 3. jayA homa kA artha hai - apane-apane asaMyama, lobha, krodha evaM ahaMkAra jaise doSoM ko jiitnaa| ina duSpravRttiyoM ke ucchRkhala bane rahane se vivAha kA Adarza evaM uddezya hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| pati-patnI AtmajayI hokara hI eka-dUsare ke lie upayogI bana sakate haiM ata: AtmajayI banane ke lie agnideva ko AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| 4. lAjA homa- lajjA, yaza, pratiSThA, sammAna kI abhivRddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| isa Ahuti dvArA saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai ki eka-dUsare ko yazasvI evaM vikasita banAeMge, loka-lajjA kA dhyAna rkheNge| lAjA kA eka artha dhana-dhAnya evaM vaibhava bhI hai| ina AhutiyoM meM yaha bhI saMketa hai ki donoM

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa... 291 mila-julakara pArivArika samRddhi evaM vyavasthA ko suvyavasthita banAne ke lie pUrA-pUrA prayatna kreNge| isa taraha cAroM prakAra ke homa vivAha ke avasara para unhIM mahattvapUrNa prayojanoM ko lekara kie jAte haiN| isa sambandha meM yaha jAnanA bhI apekSita hai ki prathama tIna homa vara-vadhU dvArA baiThe-baiThe hI kie jAte haiM, jinameM vara ke hAthoM ghI aura kanyA ke hAthoM sAkalya(zAkala) kI AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiM, jabaki lAjA - homa kI sAta bhA~vara phirate hue, vadhU dvArA khar3e hokara dI jAtI hai| isa samaya kanyA kA bhAI thAlI meM zamIpatra tathA ghRta mizrita bhune hue dhAna kI khIla lekara vara-vadhU ke pIche khar3A ho jAtA hai| vara-vadhU parikramA karate hue niyata sthAna para Ate haiM, taba bhAI eka muTThI khIla bahana ke hAtha meM detA hai / yaha krama parikramAoM ke sAtha calatA rahatA hai| pratyeka bAra tIna-tIna AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| yaha krama tIna bAra taka calatA hai arthAta 3 x 3 = 9 AhutiyA~ tIna bAra meM aura eka Ahuti cauthI parikramA ke samaya dI jAtI haiM, isa prakAra kula 10 AhutiyA~ lAjA- homa kI hotI haiN| yahA~ lAjA-homa meM prayukta anna aura zamIpatra urvaratA va aizvarya ke pratIka haiN| lAjA - homa kA eka artha yaha hai - isa homa meM bhAI ke ghara se anna Adi lAjAoM ke rUpa meM bahana ko milatA hai| vaha sUcita karatI haiM- bezaka mere vyaktigata upayoga ke lie pitA gRha se mujhe kucha milA hai, para use maiM chipAkara alaga nahIM rakhatI, Apako saupatI hU~ ataH Apake mana meM bhI mere lie alagAva yA chipAva kA bhAva na aae| phere (parikramA) kA mUla hArda - yaha sarvasAmAnya paramparA rahI hai ki vivAha kI mUla vidhi agni devatA ke samakSa evaM usake cAroM ora parikramA lagAkara niSpanna kI jAtI hai| zAstrAcAra se cAra pradakSiNA evaM lokAcAra se sAta pradakSiNA (phere) lagAne kA vidhAna hai| inheM bhA~vara phiranA kahate haiN| parikramA lagAte hue vara-vadhU dvArA yaha saMkalpa kiyA jAnA cAhie ki agni devatA kI sAkSI meM yaha zapatha grahaNa kara rahe haiM ki hama loga eka mahAn dharma bandhana meM baMdhane hetu kaTibaddha bane haiM aura yaha praNa karate haiM ki deva sAnnidhya meM kie jA rahe isa saMkalpa ko prANa-praNa se nibhAne kA prayatna kreNge| isa prakAra yaha vidhi gRhastha dharma se baMdhane kI preraNA pradAna karatI hai|

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292... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zilArohaNa vidhi kA amRta saMdeza- yaha vidhi vaidika paramparA meM pracalita hai| isa kriyA meM vara-vadhU ko mantra pUrvaka eka prastara khaNDa para ArUr3ha kiyA jAtA hai| patthara sthiratA evaM zakti kA pratIka hai| yahA~ patnI ko apane pativrata meM sthira hone ke lie kahA jAtA hai| isa kriyA kA dUsarA prayojana yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki vara-vadhU patthara para pA~va rakhate hue yaha pratijJA karate haiM ki jisa prakAra aMgada ne apanA paira jamA diyA thA, usI taraha hama patthara kI lakIra kI taraha apanA paira Agata uttaradAyitvoM ko nibhAne ke lie jamAte haiN| yaha dharmakRtya khela-khilaunoM kI taraha nahIM kiyA jA rahA, jise eka makhaula samajhakara tor3A jAtA rahe, varan yaha pratijJA aura niSThA patthara kI lakIra kI taraha amiTa banI rhegii| inheM caTTAna kI taraha aTUTa evaM cirasthAI rakhA jaaegaa| saptapadI kA naitika mahattva - vivAha kI aneka vidhiyA~ haiM, unameM saptapadI kA eka apanA alaga hI vaiziSTaya hai| vaidhAnika dRSTi se yaha kriyA ati sAdhAraNa hai| isameM pati-patnI ko sAta kadama sAtha-sAtha calAyA jAtA hai arthAta sAta bAra vara-vadhU sAtha-sAtha kadama se kadama milAkara Age bar3hate haiN| cAvala kI sAta DherI yA kalAvA baMdhe hue sakore rakha die jAte haiN| una para paira lagAte hue donoM eka-eka kadama Age bar3hate jAte haiN| isa taraha sAta bAra meM sAta kadama bar3hAe jAte haiN| ye sAta kadama pahalA kadama anna ke lie, dUsarA bala ke lie, tIsarA dhana ke lie, cauthA sukha ke lie, pA~cavAM prajA ke lie, chaThavA~ RtucaryA ke lie, sAtavA~ mitratA ke lie uThAyA jAtA hai 162 isakA saMketa yaha hai ki vivAha hone ke uparAnta pati - patnI ko sAta kArya karane hote haiM, unameM donoM kA ucita aura nyAya saMgata yogadAna rahe, isakI rUparekhA saptapadI meM nirdhArita kI jAtI hai| prathama kadama AhAra zuddhi ke lie hotA hai, jisakA artha hai - AhAra svAsthyavarddhaka ho| rasalolupatA ko koI sthAna na mile, AhAra kI sAtvikatA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA jaae| dUsarA kadama zArIrika aura mAnasika bala ke lie hai| ucita parizrama evaM niyamita AhAra vihAra se zarIra kA bala sthira rahatA hai| adhyayana evaM vicAra vimarza se manobala bar3hatA hai / ina upAyoM ke bAre meM socate rheN| tIsarA kadama dhana ke lie hai| artha vyavasthA kA tarIkA samucita ho, ucita kAryoM meM kaMjUsI na kI jAe aura apavyaya se upekSita na rheN| cauthA kadama sukha ke lie hai| yaha preraNA

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...293 detA hai ki donoM prasannacitta raheM, garIbI meM bhI amIrI kA Ananda leM, santoSI sadA sukhI kI nIti apnaaeN| pA~cavAM kadama prajApAlana kA hai| ghara ke sabhI sadasya upArjana karane vAle kI prajA hote haiN| santAna bhI prajA hai| sabhI AzritoM kI samucita dekhabhAla, surakSA, unnati evaM sukha-zAnti ke lie sadA socate rheN| chaThavAM kadama RtucaryA kA hai| isakA yaha saMketa hai ki dAmpatya-jIvana meM maryAdAoM kA satarkatA se pAlana kiyA jAe, asaMyama kI abhivRddhi na ho| sAtavA~ kadama mitratA ko sthira rakhane evaM bar3hAne ke lie hai| donoM meM paraspara sahRdayatA, saujanyatA, AtmIyatA ke bhAva bar3hate raheM, banate rahe, isakA pUrA khyAla rakhA jaae| yadi pratyeka pati-patnI ina sAta prakAra ke AdarzoM aura siddhAMtoM ko jIvana meM hRdayaMgama kara leM, to dAmpatya jIvana kI saphalatA meM koI sandeha hI nahIM raha sakatA hai| ___ Asana parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa- vivAha-saMskAra meM lagna ke samaya cauthA pherA yA sAtavA~ pherA hone ke bAda vara-vadhU kA Asana parivartana karate haiN| antima phere ke pUrva taka vadhU dAhinI ora baiThatI hai, kintu saptapadI hone taka kI pratijJAoM meM Abaddha ho jAne ke uparAnta vaha AtmIya bana jAtI hai, isalie use bAyIM ora biThAyA jAtA hai| bAeM se dAeM likhane kA krama hai| bAyAM prathama aura dAhinA dvitIya mAnA jAtA hai| sAta phere ke bAda patnI ko pramukhatA prApta ho jAtI hai| yaha bAta sItArAma, rAdhezyAma, gaurIzaMkara Adi nAmoM se bhI spaSTa hotI hai ki patnI ko prathama aura pati ko dvitIya sthAna prApta hai| sArAMzata: dAhinI ora se vadhU kA bAyIM ora AnA ukta adhikAra kA hastAntaraNa hai| dhruva darzana kA aMtaraMga saMdeza- dhruva sthira tArA hai| anya sabhI tAre gatizIla dikhAI dete haiM, para dhruva apane nizcita sthAna para hI sthira dikhatA hai| dhruva darzana kA artha hai-jisa prakAra dhruva-tArA sthira hai, usI prakAra pati-patnI apane-apane parama pavitra karttavyoM para dRr3ha rheN| kisI bhI paristhiti meM apanI pratijJA se vicalita na bneN| isa prakAra dhruva citta ko sthira rahane aura apane kartavya para sudRr3ha rahane kI preraNA detA hai| gotroccAra kI paramparA kyoM? vivAha maNDapa meM yA kinhIM mata meM kanyAdAna ke pUrva vara aura vadhU ke gotraja nAmoM evaM kuloM kI ucca svara se sUcanA dI jAtI hai| isa prathA kA mahattva isalie hai ki upasthita logoM ko yaha

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294...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jJAta ho jAe ki vara aura vadhU ucca kula ke haiM, jinake pUrvajoM kI paramparA aneka pIr3hiyoM taka calI A rahI hai| isase sAmAjika jIvana meM unakA sthAna bhI sammAnya banatA hai| kaMkaNa bandhana ke pIche rahI Ama avadhAraNA- yaha eka prAcIna prathA hai| prAcyakAla meM isakA mahattva atyadhika thaa| yaha hAtha meM bAMdhA jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM yaha avadhAraNA rahI hai ki isake hAtha meM baMdhe rahane se vaivAhika Adi kAryoM meM vara-vadhu ko kisI-kisI taraha kI bhUta bAdhA yA ApattiyA~ nahIM AtI haiN| ise upadrava-nivAraNa kA pratIka mAnA hai, ata: ise rakSA sUtra bhI kahate haiN| isa yuga meM sajAvaTa ke sivAya isakA koI mUlya nahIM raha gayA hai| kucha prAntoM meM Aja bhI ise maMgala sUcaka mAnA jAtA hai| abhisiMcana kriyA kA mukhya hArda- abhisiMcana kI kriyA jala se hotI hai| sabhI dharmoM meM jala ko auSadha tattvoM aura pavitratA se saMyukta mAnA hai ata: isa vidhi dvArA vadhU ko zArIrika doSoM se mukta tathA vaivAhika jIvana ke lie pavitra samajhA jAtA hai| ___ hRdaya sparza ke nihita tathya- yaha kriyA hindU-paramparA meM pracalita hai| isameM vara kucha zabdoM ke sAtha vadhU ke hRdaya kA sparza karatA hai| isakA prayojana antarmana se sneha-sambandha ko bar3hAnA evaM jAgRta karanA hai| hRdaya bhAvoM kA kendra hai| isake sparza dvArA vara pratIka rUpa se vadhU ko sneha ke lie utprerita karatA hai, tAki vaha hRdaya se pati ko svIkAra kare aura sneha ke saMsAra meM apane Apako sarAbora kara de|63 isa kriyA kI AvazyakatA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI samIcIna lagatA hai ki vaha patnI ke hRdaya para hAtha rakhakara vahA~ kisI sandeha ko sthAna nahIM dene kI bhAvanA parilakSita karatA hai parantu vartamAna ziSTAcAra ke anusAra aisA karanA thor3A anucita jaisA lagatA hai, isalie Ajakala pati patnI ke sira yA kandhe para hAtha rakhatA hai aura yaha vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki hama donoM eka hRdaya hokara raheMge aura dAmpatya jIvana ke uttaradAyitvoM ko pUrI ImAnadArI ke sAtha nibhaaeNge| ___ sumaMgalI (sindUra bharanA) kriyA kI mahattA- Adhunika vaivAhika vidhividhAnoM kI yaha sabase mahattvapUrNa kriyA hai| isameM vara apanI aMgUThI yA cA~dI kI zalAkA se vadhU kI mA~ga meM sindUra lagAtA hai| ise mA~ga bharanA bhI kahA jAtA

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa 295 hai| mA~ga bharanA saubhAgya yA suhAga kA cihna mAnA gayA hai| vadhU dvArA vara se mA~ga bharavAne kI kriyA isa bAta kI ghoSaNA karatI hai ki hama donoM ne svecchA pUrvaka evaM pUrNa sahamati se vivAha kiyA hai ataH AjIvana eka-dUsare kA sAtha nibhAne aura pArivArika hita ke lie jo kucha saMbhava hai, vaha saba kucha kreNge| apanI AtmA aura paramAtmA ke sAmane sacce rheNge| pauMkhanA vidhi kA gUr3hArtha - yaha vaivAhika vidhi mAravAr3a meM adhika pracalita hai| jaba dUlhA zAdI karane ke lie dulhana ke dvAra para pahu~catA hai, usa samaya dUlhe kI sAsa dhUsara, maMthAna, mUsala, hala aura carakhe kI trAka se vara ko pauMkhatI hai arthAta ina vastuoM ko lAla vastra meM lapeTakara kramazaH tIna bAra vara ke mastaka para phirAtI huI utAratI hai| isa kriyA ke samaya prayukta hone vAlI pA~ca vastuoM ke bhinna-bhinna uddezya haiM jaise - dhUsara gAr3I dikhAtI huI sAsa dAmAda ko yaha preraNA detI hai ki tuma vivAha ke bAda isa duniyA~ meM baila kI taraha jute rahoge, vivAha karane meM koI lAbha nahIM hai, aba bhI saMbhala jAo, magara dUlhA yaha samajhatA hai ki sAsa jo vastue~ dikhA rahI hai, inase hamAre ghara meM ina cIjoM ke lAbha prApta hote rheNge| jaise- dhUsara dikhalAne se vara yaha mAnatA hai ki hamAre ghara gAr3I-baila calate raheMge arthAta ghara meM samRddhi banI rhegii| maMthAna batAtI huI sAsa yaha saMdeza detI hai ki vivAha ke bAda isa duniyAdArI ke kAma meM dahI va chAcha kI taraha mathe jaaoge| mUsala dikhAne kA matalaba yaha hai ki tuma anAja kI taraha kuTate rahoge / hala dikhAne kA yaha tAtparya hai ki tuma jamIna kI taraha kher3Ate rahoge / carakhe kI trAka batAne kA prayojana yaha hai ki tuma mAyAjAla se lipaTe rahoge / isa prakAra sAsa bar3I hoziyArI se dAmAda ko saceta karatI haiM, parantu vara mohAsakta banA huA, maMthAna kA artha samajhatA hai ki hamArA ghara dUdha-dahI se bharA rhegaa| mUsala dekhakara yaha jAnatA hai - hamAre ghara para anAja khUba kuTatA rhegaa| hala dvArA yaha mAlUma karatA hai - hamAre ghara khetI-bAr3I bahuta hogI aura carakhe kI trAka dekhakara yaha socatA hai - hama inakI kanyA ke sAtha sneha kI Dora se sadaiva baMdhe raheMge ataH vivAha karanA behatara hai| 64 isa prakAra aneka vidhividhAna viziSTa pratIkAtmaka arthoM ko lie hue haiN|

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296...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vara ke sAta vacana jaina paramparA ke anusAra agnideva kI tIna pradakSiNA (phere) pUrNa karane ke bAda vara-vadhU sAta-sAta pratijJAe~ svIkAra karate haiN| vara dvArA sAta pratijJAe~ lete samaya kanyA se yaha svIkRti grahaNa kI jAtI hai yadi tuma ina vacanoM kA pAlana karane ke lie saMkalpabaddha ho, to hI maiM tamako aMgIkAra kruuNgaa| ve vacana nimna haiM1. mere kuTumbIjanoM kA yathAyogya vinaya aura sevA krnaa| 2. merI AjJA kA ullaMghana mata krnaa| 3. mere mAtA-pitA Adi ko aura mujhako karkaza va nirdaya vacana mata bolnaa| 4. mere mitra Adi snehIvarga tathA sAdhu vagairaha satpAtra ke ghara Ane para unako bhojana karAne evaM AhAra Adi dene meM apane mana ko jarA bhI kaluSita mata krnaa| 5. rAtri meM dUsaroM ke ghara nahIM jaanaa| 6. jahA~ saMkIrNa sthAna meM bahuta se loga rahate hoM, vahA~ kadApi gamana mata krnaa| 7. nindita AcaraNa vAle aura pApiyoM ke ghara mata jaanaa| kanyA ke sAta vacana kanyA bhI sAta vacanoM ke lie vara ko pratijJAbaddha karatI hai| kanyA ke sAta vacana ye haiM1. anya striyoM ke sAtha krIr3A mata krnaa| 2. vezyA ke ghara kabhI mata jaanaa| 3. juA Adi loka niMdanIya kArya mata krnaa| 4. dravya kA yogya rIti se upArjana kara anna, vastra aura AbhUSaNa Adi se merI rakSA krnaa| 5. mujhe dharmasthAna meM jAne ke lie niSedha mata krnaa| 6. mujhase kabhI bhI koI bAta mata chipaanaa| 7. merI gupta bAta ko kisI ke samakSa prakaTa mata krnaa| isa prakAra vara-kanyA ke paraspara sAta-sAta vacana aMgIkAra kara lene para agni ke cAroM aura cauthA pherA lagAyA jAtA hai|65

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...297 vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka vivecana bhAratIya paramparA meM 'vivAha' ko ati Avazyaka saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkArA gayA hai| pArivArika vikAsa aura sAmAjika unnati kI dRSTi se vivAha saMskAra eka anivArya kRtya hai| yaha saMskAra Aja bhI akSuNNa hai| jaba hama 'vivAha saMskAra' kA tulanAtmaka vivecana karate haiM to hamAre sAmane jaina evaM vaidika paramparA kI vivAha vidhi kA maulika rUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai jo isa prakAra hai nAma kI dRSTi se- jaina evaM hindU donoM dhArAoM meM isa saMskAra ke nAma ko lekara sarvathA samAnatA hai| krama kI dRSTi se- zvetAmbara Adi tInoM paramparAoM meM krama kI apekSA bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ise caudahavA~, digambara meM solahavA~ aura vaidika mata meM pandrahavA~ saMskAra mAnA gayA hai| adhikArI kI dRSTi se- tInoM paramparAe~ apane-apane sAhitya meM nirdiSTa yogya guNa vAle brAhmaNa ko isa saMskAra ke kartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatI haiN| zubha dina kI dRSTi se- tInoM paramparAoM meM vivAha saMskAra ke lie zubha lagna Adi ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM isa viSaya kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai| kAla kI dRSTi se- yaha saMskAra kaba kiyA jAnA cAhie? zvetAmbara mata se kanyA kA vivAha garbha se ATha varSa se lekara gyAraha varSa taka kara denA caahie| usake bAda kanyA rajasvalA ho jAtI hai| rajasvalA ko 'rAkA' kahA gayA hai| purUSa kA vivAha ATha varSa se lekara assI varSa ke bIca kabhI bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| . digambara mata meM kanyA ke lie bAraha varSa kI Ayu aura purUSa ke lie solaha varSa kI Ayu vivAha ke yogya mAnI gaI hai| vaidika mata meM purUSa ke lie nizcita Ayu kA koI vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai tathA kanyA ke lie sAmAnyatayA yauvanAvasthA ko ucita mAnA hai, kyoMki kAma krIr3A hetu yahI avasthA yogya hotI hai| jainAgamoM meM 'jovaNagamaNuppattA'-aisA kahA hai arthAta vara-kanyA yauvana ko prApta ho jAeM, taba unakA vivAha karanA caahie| pravacana sAroddhAra meM likhA hai-'solaha varSa kI kanyA aura paccIsa varSa kA purUSa unake

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298...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMyoga se utpanna saMtAna balavAna hotI hai| isa kathana se sUcita hotA hai ki jaina sAhitya meM bAla vivAha aura vRddha vivAha kA niSedha hai| isa prakAra tInoM paramparAoM meM kAla sambandhI mAnyatA ko lekara vividhatA hai| ___mantra kI dRSTi se- jaina evaM hindU-donoM paramparAoM kI vivAha vidhi meM mantroM kI bahulatA hai, kintu mantra pATha evaM mantra paddhati meM antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM nimna kriyAoM ke sandarbha meM mantroM kA ullekha milatA hai- sagAI karane kA mantra, barAta ke samaya bole jAne vAlA graha zAnti mantra, hasta bandhana mantra, vedI sthApanA mantra, toraNa pratiSThA mantra, agni sthApanA mantra, havana mantra, phere ke cAra mantra, karamocana mantra aadi| digambara matAnusAra vivAha saMskAra meM ina avasaroM para mantra bole jAte haiM- kaMkaNa baMdhana mantra, pUjA vidhi ke mantra, kanyA pradAna mantra, havana yogya vividha mantra, granthi baMdhana mantra, hathalevA mantra, phere ke mantra, AzIrvAda-mantra aadi| vaidika-paramparA ke mantra bhI saMskRta bhASA meM haiM kintu vaidika paramparA ke anurUpa hone ke kAraNa unakI tulanA karanA asaMbhava hai| vidhi kI dRSTi se- * zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne sagAI karane ko kanyAdAna kahA hai, digambaroM ne isI artha meM isako 'vAgdAna' zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai, jabaki vaidika dhArA meM vAgdAna evaM kanyAdAna-donoM vidhiyoM ko bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| . zvetAmbara mata meM vivAha lagna ke samaya cAra phere dene kA vidhAna hai, digambara paramparA meM sAta phere lagAne kA nirdeza hai vaidika mata meM agni pradakSiNA karane kA ullekha to spaSTa hai kintu vaha pradakSiNA kitanI bAra kI jAtI hai? isakA varNana par3hane meM nahIM AyA hai| * jaina evaM hindU donoM paramparAoM meM antima pherA yA tIna phere zeSa rahane ke pUrva vara aura kanyA donoM eka dUsare ke prati sAta-sAta pratijJAe~ svIkAra karate haiN| . zvetAmbara paramparA meM vivAha ke dina SaSThImAtA kI pUjA kI jAtI hai isI ke sAtha zAntika-pauSTika karma dvArA jinapratimA kI pUjA bhI sampanna karate haiM, jabaki digambara-paramparA meM vinAyaka sthApanA evaM usakI pUjA ke sAtha-sAtha aura bhI pUjA vidhAna kie jAte haiN| vaidika matAnusAra vinAyaka evaM kAmadeva kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai|

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vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ... 299 sAmAnyataH vara-kanyA kA hasta milApa karane hetu unake hAthoM meM lepa kiyA jAtA hai| vaha lepa karane yogya sAmagrI tInoM paramparAoM meM bhinna-bhinna kahI gaI hai| * vivAha lagna ke samaya havana kie jAne kI avadhAraNA jaina evaM hindU donoM dhArAoM meM samAna sI hai| isa prakAra vivAha saMskAra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isa saMskAra vidhi meM pUrvokta kRtyoM kA astitva Aja kisa rUpa meM hai aura kitane kRtya navInIkaraNa ke rUpa meM jur3a gae haiM ? upasaMhAra pANigrahaNa saMskAra do AtmAoM kA maMjula milana hai| bhAratIya saMskRti isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se saMyukta hone vAle do zarIradhAriyoM ke milana ko do AtmAoM kA sambandha mAnatI hai, yahI isa saMskAra kI apanI viziSTatA hai| isI sambandha ko lekara nArI ko arddhAMginI kahA gayA hai| vaidika vicAraNA meM kisI purUSa ko taba taka sampUrNa nahIM mAnA jAtA, jaba taka ki usake sAtha usakI patnI na ho, kyoMki yajJAdi kAryoM meM dampati kA honA anivArya mAnA gayA hai| dUsarA tathya yaha hai ki jIvana kI pratyeka sthiti meM duHkha-sukha meM sAtha nibhAne vAlI patnI pati se ekAkAra hotI hai| suyogya pati-patnI kI hara eka TIsa, hara eka cubhana eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI hai ataH eka ke binA dUsarA apUrNa hotA hai, ataH kisI kI bhI upekSA karanA anyAya hai| yadi hama pUrvokta varNana ke AdhAra para isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ke sambandha meM vicAra kareM, to kaI dRSTiyoM se isa saMskAra kI upayogitA parilakSita hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA vivAha susabhya samAja ke vikAsa kA sUcaka hai| yadi kisI bhI samAja ko svacchaMda yauna sambandhoM se utpanna hone vAlI vikRtiyoM se bacAnA ho aura naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA karanI hoM, to vivAha eka sudRr3ha nIMva ke samAna hai| vivAha-saMsthA strI-purUSa kI vAsanAtmaka pazu vRtti evaM kAmotpAdaka hIna vRtti ko sImita kara sAmAjika suvyavasthA pradAna karatI hai / isa taraha vaha vyakti ko adha:patana kI ora jAne se rokatI hai| yaha eka mAnavIya saMsthA hai, jisakA uddezya dAmpatya jIvana meM saMyata mArga kA anusaraNa karanA hai| vastutaH

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300...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se kAmuka vRtti ko rokA jA sakatA hai, caMcala mana ko niyantrita kiyA jA sakatA hai, sAmAjika aparAdha vRttiyoM para rokathAma kI jA sakatI hai tathA eka-dUsare ke prati samajhautA aura Atma samarpaNa kI bhAvanA ko vikasita kiyA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna pariprekSya meM isa saMskAra kI upAdeyatA ko dekheM to balAtkAra, apaharaNa, lUTamAra Adi bar3ha rahI aparAdhajanaka evaM hiMsAjanaka kupravRttiyoM ko rokA jA sakatA hai tathA mAnasika nirmalatA, cAritrika pavitratA evaM pArivArika zuddhatA kI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. SoDazasaMskAra, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA., pR. 41 2. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.-1, pR. 268 3. 'sadvedyasya cAritramohasya codayAd vivahanaM kanyAvaraNaM 'vivAha' ityaakhyaayte| tattvArtharAjavArtika, 7/28 kI TIkA pR. 554 4. 'yuktito varaNavidhAnamagnideva dvijasAkSikaM ca pANigrahaNaM vivaahH'| nItivAkya, 3 5. saMskAra aMka, janavarI 2006 para AdhArita, pR. 115-116 6. vivAha, DaoN. sudIpa jaina, 7. sAgAradharmAmRta, gA. 59 8. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 185 9. manusmRti, 4/1-2 10. dakSasmRti, 1/12 11. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 198 12. lAipha oNva likargasa, bAnsa klAsikala lAyabrerI, bhA.-1, pR.-81, uddhRta - hindUsaMskAra, pR. 199 13. (ka) bhagavatI, aMgasuttANi, 11/11/158 (kha) praznavyAkaraNa, a.-2, sU.-13 (ga) rAjapraznIya, madhukaramuni, sU.-280 14. SoDazasaMskAra, DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA. , pR. 48 15. vivAha, paM. balabhadra jaina, pR. 9 16. SoDazasaMskAra, pR. 43 17. vahI, pR. 44

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21 vivAha saMskAra vidhi kA traikAlika svarUpa ...301 18. NammayAsuMdarIkahA, gA. 30 uddhRta-vivAha, pro. premasumana jaina, pR. 2 19. vahI 20. sAgAradharmAmRta, gA. 10 21. AcAradinakara, pR. 31 22. mahAbhArata Adiparva, 130/10 23. vivAha, DaoN. premasumana jaina, pR. 2 24. AcAradinakara, pR. 31 25. vahI, pR. 32 26. vahI, pR. 32 27. vahI, pR. 32 28. (ka) AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 1/6 (kha) baudhAyanadharmasUtra, 1/11 (ga) manusmRti, 3/21 29. manusmRti, 3/27 30. vahI, 3/29 31. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 215 32. AcAradinakara, pR. 32 33. vahI, pR. 32 34. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA. 1, pR. 297-98 35. harivaMzapurANa: eka sAMskRtika vivecana, a. 2, pR. 54-64 36. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 258 37. AcAradinakara, pR. 32-33 38. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 14 39. AcAradinakara, pra. 31 40. harivaMzapurANa eka sAMskRtika vivecana, a.-2, pR. 44 41. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.-1, pR. 273 42. AcAradinakara, pR. 72 43. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 17-18 44. AcAradinakara, pR. 33 45. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 18 46. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 267 47. AcAradinakara, pR. 34

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302...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 48. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 267 49. AcAradinakara, pR. 35 50. vahI, pR. 36 51. vahI, pR. 37 52. vahI, pR. 39 53. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 19 54. vahI, pR. 21-22 55. vahI, pR. 40 56. AdipurANa, parva 38, pR. 251 57. vahI, pR. 41-45 58. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhA.-1, pR. 303-306 59. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, zrIrAma zarmA AcArya pR. 10.6 60. vahI, pR. 10.6 61. vahI, pR. 10.7 62. manusmRti, 9/70 63. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, pR. 10.11 64. zrAddhasaMskArakumudenduH, pR. 197 65. zrAddhasaMskArakumudendu, pR. 171-172

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adhyAya - 16 vratAropaNa saMskAra vidhi kA sAMketika svarUpa bhAratIya saMskRti adhyAtma saMskRti ke rUpa meM vizva vikhyAta hai| yahA~ vrata, niyama Adi kA viziSTa mahatva rahA hai| vrata zabda kA prayoga bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM evaM paramparAoM meM vibhinna rUpoM meM hotA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM vrata kA artha haivirati, saMyama, vairAgya bhAva utpanna karane vAlA niyama vizeSa, pratijJA vishess| AropaNa kA artha hai-sthApita karanA, ArUr3ha karanA, svIkAra karavAnA arthAta vratagrAhI sAdhaka ko apanI icchAnusAra kisI niyama meM Abaddha karanA athavA saMkalpita niyama meM sthApita karanA vratAropaNa hai tathA paramparAgata rUpa se pracalita vidhi-vidhAna pUrvaka use sampanna karanA vratAropaNa saMskAra hai| yaha anubhUta satya hai ki mahAnatA kI maMjila para manuSya ekAeka nahIM pahu~ca jAtA, usake lie eka-eka karake sIr3hiyA~ car3hanI par3atI hai| zreSTha pravRttiyoM ko AcaraNa evaM svabhAva rUpa banAne ke lie vratazIla hokara calanA par3atA hai ata: choTA sA vrata bhI jIvana vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karatA hai| ___ jaina evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM meM vratAcaraNa se pratijJAbaddha hone ke lie vItarAgI purUSa athavA kucha deva zaktiyoM ko sAkSI karake vrata zIla banane kI ghoSaNA kI jAtI hai| unheM apane preraka, nirIkSaka aura niyaMtraka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaina dharma meM ise devavandana vidhi kahate haiN| __ jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM vratAropaNa saMskAra ke antargata gRhastha zrAvaka-zrAvikA se sambandhita nimnokta vidhi-vidhAnoM kA antarbhAva hotA hai aura ye vartamAna meM pracalita bhI haiN| inake nAma isa prakAra haiM __ 1. samyaktva vratAropaNa saMskAra vidhi 2. bAraha vratAropaNa saMskAra vidhi 3. sAmAyika vratAropaNa saMskAra vidhi 4. pauSadha vratAropaNa saMskAra vidhi 5. upadhAna tapa vidhi 6. upAsaka pratimA vahana vidhi zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI paramparA evaM digambara paramparA meM upadhAna tapa kA pracalana nahIM hai| zvetAmbara mAnya anya sabhI vidhi-vidhAna vratAropaNa kI koTi meM svIkAra kie gae haiN|

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304...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vaidika paramparA meM vratAropaNa saMskAra ke ullekha prApta nahIM hote haiN| upanayana kA aparanAma vratAdeza mAnA gayA hai| isa saMskAra se brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ko dvijatva kI prApti hotI hai yAnI dvitIya janma hotA hai| vidhivata yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA isa saMskAra kA mukhya aMga hai| yaha saMskAra ho jAne para guru bAlaka ke kandhoM tathA hRdaya kA sparza karate hue kahatA hai- "maiM vaidika evaM laukika zAstroM kA jJAna karavAne vAle veda vrata aura vidyA vrata ko tumhAre hRdaya meM sthApita kara rahA huuN| tumhArA citta, mana yA anta:karaNa mere anta:karaNa kA jJAna mArga meM anusaraNa karatA rahe arthAta jisa prakAra maiM tumheM upadeza karatA rahU~, use tumhArA citta grahaNa karatA cle| zAstra upadezoM ko tuma ekAgra mana se samAhita hokara suno aura grahaNa kro|" yaha upadeza vratAcaraNa yA vratAropaNa kA mUla bIja rUpa hI hai| ise vrata dhAraNa vidhi kaha sakate haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhI isa saMskAra meM vratAdeza vidhi sampanna kI jAtI hai| prAcInakAla meM vrata dhAraNa yA vratAcaraNa kI zikSAe~ kevala vANI se hI nahIM dI jAtI thI, pratyuta gurujana tatparatA pUrvaka ziSyoM se tadanurUpa AcaraNa bhI karavAte the| sanAtana paramparA meM vratAcaraNa rUpa pauSadha, upadhAna, pratimA Adi kA bhI sUcana nahIM milatA hai| yadi muni jIvana kI dRSTi se dekheM, to vAnaprasthAzrama ke pariprekSya meM saMnyAsa dharma kA vivecana vistAra ke sAtha prApta hotA hai| bauddha paramparA meM trizaraNa grahaNa ke rUpa meM samyakatvavrata, aSTazIla ke rUpa meM bArahavrata evaM pauSadhavrata, samatvavRtti ke rUpa meM sAmAyika vrata kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| jJAtavya hai ki aSTazIla ko paMca sAmAnyazIla evaM tIna upoSatha zIla bhI kahA gayA hai| . isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki jaina, vaidika evaM bauddha paramparA meM vratAropaNa saMskAra kA mahattva nyUnAdhika rUpa se avazya rahA huA hai| jaina evaM bauddha sahavartI paramparA hone ke kAraNa vratAropaNa kI dRSTi se donoM meM adhika samarUpatA hai| isa saMskAra kA savistRta vivecana khaNDa-3 meM kreNge|

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adhyAya - 17 antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa janma aura mRtyu isa vizva ke do aTala satya haiN| mRtyu, jIvana kA anta mAnI jAtI hai| isI kAraNa mAnava jIvana evaM saMskaraNa sambandhI saMskAroM kA samApana bhI mRtyu ke sAtha hI hotA hai| saMsAra se manuSya kI antima vidAI ko antyeSTi saMskAra kahA jAtA hai| yaha mAnava kA antima saMskAra hai| mRta vyakti kI dAha kriyA se lekara terahaveM dina taka kI samasta kriyAe~ isI saMskAra ke antargata AtI haiN| prArambhika saMskAra jahA~ aihika jIvana ko pavitra aura sukhI banAne ke nimitta kie jAte haiM, vahIM yaha antima saMskAra paraloka sudhArane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| antyeSTi-saMskAra kI vividha vizeSatAoM meM se eka viziSTatA yaha hai ki duHkha evaM sukha ke do kinAroM se baha rahI jIvana kI yaha nadI isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se avarUddha ho jAtI hai| manuSya kI jIvana-lIlA yahIM samApta hotI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM isa saMskAra dvArA zarIra kI tIna gatiyA~ dekhI jAtI hai- 1. jalakara rAkha bana jAnA 2. miTTI ke svarUpa meM parivartita ho jAnA yA 3. viSThA banakara raha jaanaa| yadi zarIra ko jalA diyA jAe, to vaha rAkha bana jAtA hai, jo bhAratIya paramparA ko vizeSa sammata hai| yadi miTTI khodakara islAma dharma ke anukUla zarIra ko gAr3a diyA jAe, to vaha miTTI bana jAtA hai| yadi sambandhiyoM yA sAdhanoM kA abhAva ho, to zarIra ko jalIya yA sthalIya bhAga meM prakSepita karate haiM aura vaha giddha, kaue Adi kA AhAra banakara vikRta viSThA rUpa ho jAtA hai| ye tInoM svarUpa pUrvavartI kAla meM maujUda the| Aja bhI tIsare prakAra ko chor3akara zeSa do prakAra pracalana meM haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti dAha-kriyA ko mahattva detI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki parijana apane priya vyakti kI deha adhika samaya taka mRta avasthA meM dekha nahIM sakate haiM yA dekhakara du:khI hote haiM ata:

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306...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana paMcatattva se racita zarIra ko agni ke mAdhyama se turanta paMcatattva meM vilIna kara dete haiN| unakI yaha soca vAstavikatA ko prakaTa karatI hai evaM paMcatattva ko zAzvata svIkAra karane ke lie utprerita karatI hai| jaina evaM vaidika-donoM paramparAoM meM yaha saMskAra mAnya hai, kintu jaina dharma kI hI digambara paramparA isa kriyA ko pRthak saMskAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatI hai| tInoM paramparAoM meM mRtadeha ke saMskAra hetu agnikriyA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai arthAta isa sambandha meM tInoM kA mataikya hai| antya saMskAra kA zAbdika artha isa saMskAra ko pitRmedha, antyakarma, dAha saMskAra, zmazAnakarma artha, antyeSTi-kriyA Adi bhI kahate haiN| antya saMskAra kA sIdhA sA artha hai-antima samaya meM kiyA jAne vAlA sNskaar| pratyeka jIvana kI antima sthiti dehavilaya hI ho sakatI hai| vaidika paramparA ne isa zabda ko isI artha meM svIkRta kiyA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara granthoM meM isakA vyApaka artha kiyA gayA hai| ___ jaina paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAnaparaka granthoM meM vidhimArgaprapA, AcAradinakara Adi meM isa saMskAra ke antargata do prakAra kI kriyAoM kA samAveza kiyA hai1. maraNa se pUrva kI sAdhanA vidhi aura 2. mRtyu ke bAda ke kriyA vidhaan| yadyapi digambara mata meM mRtyu ke bAda kie jAne vAle vidhi- vidhAnoM kA koI vistRta vivecana nahIM hai, tathApi bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM gRhastha-muni dvArA mRtyu ke pUrva kI jAne vAlI sAdhanA vidhi kA ullekha avazya hai| isameM muni ke mRta deha kI pratisthApanA kA spaSTa sUcana hai| isa antima ArAdhanA ko anazana vidhi kahate haiN| jaina paramparA meM anazana yA antya zabda se mRtyu se pUrva kI sAdhanAe~ aura maraNa ke bAda kI kriyAe~-donoM arthoM ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM meM mRtyu se pUrva kI sAdhanA ko samAdhimaraNa, saMthArA grahaNa Adi bhI kahA gayA hai, ata: dRr3hatA se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina vicAraNA meM antya saMskAra kA tAtparya na kevala mRtaka ke zava sambandhI kriyAoM se hai, apitu mRtyu ke sannikaTa hone para antima samaya meM kI jAne vAlI viziSTa prakAra kI sAdhanAoM se bhI hai|

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...307 AdhyAtmika dRSTi se antya saMskAra kI AvazyakatA mRtyu ko bhI eka saMskAra kI saMjJA dene ke pIche kyA prayojana rahA hogA? yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai| yadi hama jaina dharma kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to vyakti ko AtmonmukhI evaM sAdhanAbhimukhI banAne hetu yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se vyakti dvArA janma-janmAntaroM meM kie gae duSkRtoM kI AlocanA kI jAtI hai, una pApa kAryoM ko na karane kI pratijJAe~ dilavAI jAtI haiM, kisI bhI prANI ke sAtha rahe hue rAga-dveSa, moha-mamatva Adi bhAvoM kA tyAga karavAyA jAtA hai, kisI ke sAtha vaira virodha yA mana muTAva huA ho, to usase kSamAyAcanA karavAI jAtI hai| sAtha hI use vividha prakAra ke taponuSThAna meM pravRtta kiyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana vyakti ke janma-maraNa, sukha-duHkha Adi meM usake adhyavasAyoM ko nimittabhUta mAnatA hai| zAstra vacana hai-'pariNAme bandha pariNAme mokSa' azubha adhyavasAyoM dvArA pApa karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa AtmA duHkha Adi sthitiyoM se gujaratI hai tathA zubha adhyavasAyoM dvArA janma-maraNa se mukta hokara avyAbAdha sukharUpa mokSa avasthA ko prApta karatI hai| jaina vicArakoM kI eka avadhAraNA yaha bhI hai ki mRtyu ko sudhArane para hI janma sArthaka banatA hai| eka janma ke sArthaka hone para anekazaH janma sArthaka ho jAte haiN| mRtyu ko sudhAranA yA mRtyu ko sArthaka karanA yaha vyakti ke svayaM ke adhyavasAyoM para AdhArita hai| isa dRSTikoNa ko lakSya meM rakhate hue isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA, zarIra kI anityatA evaM riztoM kI mohajanyatA kA AbhAsa karavAyA jAtA hai| vyakti evaM vastuoM ke prati anAsakti kA bhAva jagAyA jAtA hai| 'mittI me savvabhUesu' "ego me sAsao appA' 'arihaMto mahadevo' ityAdi vairAgyamUlaka vAkyoM dvArA jIvana kA vAstavika bodha karavAyA jAtA hai, tAki anta samaya meM usake pariNAma sahI raheM, vizuddha raheM, Atmastha rheN| isa prakAra yaha suspaSTa hai ki jaina paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA kA mUlabhUta prayojana antima kriyA ke sAtha-sAtha vyakti ko mokSa upalabdhi evaM nirvANa prApti karavAnA rahA hai|

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308... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana vaidika paramparA meM yaha saMskAra usake bhAvI jIvana ke sukha yA kalyANa kI kAmanA ko lekara kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki hindU paramparA ihaloka kI apekSA paraloka ko adhika mahattva detI hai| sanAtana paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ko lekara aneka kAraNa mAne gae haiN| sarvaprathama mRtyu ke bhaya se mukta hone ke lie isa saMskAra kA udbhava huA, kyoMki Adima mAnava ke lie mRtyu jIvana kA prAkRtika anta na hokara eka asAdhAraNa ghaTanA thii| dUsarA kAraNa hindU avadhAraNA para AdhArita hai ki mRta vyakti kI AtmA mohAsakti ke kAraNa ghara ke Asa-pAsa hI ghUmatI rahatI hai tathA sambandhiyoM se pRthak kara die jAne ke kAraNa vaha parivAra ko kSati bhI pahu~cA sakatI haiM, isake nivAraNArtha isa saMskAra kA udgama huA / pUrvakAla meM mRtAtmA ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa na uThAnA par3e, tadahetu Avazyaka padArtha bhI antya kriyA ke sAtha de die jAte the| Avazyaka vastuoM meM anustaraNI yA eka vRddha gAya yA eka bakarA diyA jAtA thA / pUrvavartIkAla meM ye vastue~ mRtaka ke sAtha hI agni meM jalA dI jAtI thiiN| isa samaya ve brAhmaNoM ko dI jAtI haiM aura yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki ve kisI rahasyapUrNa mAdhyama dvArA ukta vastue~ yamaloka pahu~cA dete haiN| 1 spaSTArtha hai ki hindU paramparA meM isa saMskAra kI AvazyakatA ke pIche mRtyu bhaya ko dUra karanA, mRtAtmA se parivAra kI surakSA karanA, mRtAtmA dvArA ho sakane vAle upadravoM ko dUra karanA Adi aneka kAraNa antarnihita haiN| sAtha hI mRtaka kA mArga prazasta bane, use kisI prakAra kI takalIpha na ho ye prayojana bhI anivArya rahe haiN| isase yaha bhI nizcita ho jAtA hai ki vaidika mata meM yaha saMskAra bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM se sambaddha rahA hai, jabaki jaina paramparA meM isa saMskAra kA sambandha AdhyAtmika vikAsa se jur3A huA hai| antya saMskAra karavAne kA adhikArI kauna ? jaina paramparA meM mRtyu se pUrva kI ArAdhanA hetu nirgrantha muni ko aura deha kI antyeSTi kriyA evaM maraNottarakAlIna kriyAoM hetu jaina brAhmaNa, gRhastha zrAvakavarga aura pArivArika putra Adi ko isa saMskAra kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| vaidika paramparA meM isa saMskAra se sambandhita kriyAoM ke lie brAhmaNa evaM svajana putra Adi varga ko adhikAra ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA gayA hai| 3

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...309 antya saMskAra ke lie muhUrta vicAra yaha sarvavidita hai ki pratyeka dehadhArI ko mRtyu kA grAsa nizcita rUpa se bananA hotA hai| mRtyu ke saMkaTa ko TAlane meM koI bhI samartha nahIM hai| jo AtmAe~ mRtyuMjayI ho cukI haiM, janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA viccheda kara cukI haiM unheM chor3ie, zeSa sabhI ke lie mRtyu ko prApta karanA nizcita hai, kintu vaha mRtyu kaba A jAe, AyuSya kI Dora kaba TUTa jAe, tadbhava zarIra meM rahane kI avadhi kaba samApta ho jAe yaha anizcita hai| isa dRSTi se antya-saMskAra hetu zubha muhUrta Adi kI parikalpanA karanA bhI anucita hai| yaha saMskAra mRtyu Agamana kI taraha anizcita dina meM kiyA jAtA hai, kintu jaina granthoM meM itanA ullekha avazya milatA hai ki maraNottarakAlIna preta sambandhI kriyAkalApa amuka-amuka nakSatra Adi meM hI karanA caahie| isameM yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki amuka nakSatroM ke yoga meM tRNa, kASTha Adi ekatrita nahIM karanA caahie| yahA~ mRtAtmA ke putale kisa dina, kina nakSatra Adi meM kie jAne cAhie, isakA bhI ullekha hai| AcAradinakara meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki antima ArAdhanA ke dina se lekara zoka dUra karane taka ke kriyAkalApoM meM muhartAdi nahIM dekhanA cAhie, kyoMki ye Avazyaka kartavya rUpa haiN| isa kathana se muhUrttAdi na dekhane kA prayojana svataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai| preta kriyA sambandhI vicAra preta kriyA ke lie nimna nakSatra, vAra Adi azubha kahe gae haiM-mRgazirA, citrA, dhaniSThA, kRtikA, pUrvAphAlgunI, vizAkhA, uttarASAr3hA, pUrvAbhAdrapada, punarvasu, bharaNI, maghA, pUrvASAr3hA, rohiNI, uttarAphAlgunI, uttarASAr3hA, ArdrA, mUla, anurAdhA Adi nakSatra tathA maMgala, guru, zani-ina vAroM meM preta kriyA nahIM karanI caahie| preta kriyA ke lie revatI, zravaNa, AzleSA, azvinI, puSya hasta, svAti, mRgazirA-ye nakSatra tathA soma, guru, zani-ye vAra uttama mAne gae haiN| mRtadeha kI dAhakriyA hetu dhaniSThA, zatabhiSA, pUrvAbhAdrapada, uttarAbhAdrapada aura revatI-ina nakSatroM meM tRNa-kASTha Adi ko ekatrita karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|

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310... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana putalA nirmANa sambandhI vidhi vidhimArgaprapA evaM AcAradinakara meM nirdeza hai ki rohiNI, vizAkhA, punarvasu, uttarASAr3hA, uttarAphAlgunI, uttarAbhAdrapada - ina chaH nakSatroM meM kisI kA maraNa ho jAe, to mRtaka kI pratikRti ke darbhamaya do putale banAnA caahie| jyeSThA, ArdrA, svAti, zatabhiSA, bharaNI, AzleSA - ina chaH nakSatroM meM kisI kI mRtyu ho jAe, to eka bhI putalA nahIM banAnA caahie| zeSa pandraha nakSatroM meM kisI kA kAladharma ho jAe, to eka putalA nirmita karanA cAhie | ukta varNana se yaha bhI suspaSTa ki jaina paramparA meM antima ArAdhanA evaM antyasaMskAra ke lie zubha nakSatra Adi ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai, kevala preta kriyA evaM tRNa Adi saMgraha ke lie zubha vAra Adi kA honA anivArya batAyA hai tathA putalA sambandhI vidhAna hetu kucha nakSatroM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| sUtaka kAla kaba aura kyoM? sAmAnyatayA bAlaka-bAlikA ke janma se hone vAlI azuddhi ko sUtaka kahate haiM yahI suA kahA jAtA hai / parivAra meM vyakti ke maraNa ke pazcAt utpanna huI azuddhi ko maraNa sUtaka kahate haiM / maraNa sUtaka ko pAtaka bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina saMskRti meM janmasUtaka evaM maraNa sUtaka kA viveka bhojana zuddhi ko lekara rahA huA hai, kintu vartamAna meM kucha loga isa bAta para bilkula bhI zraddhA nahIM rakhate haiM unakI mithyA vicAraNA ke nivAraNa hetu DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina ne laukika rUpa se mAnya vidhAna kI prastuti isa prakAra kI hai bhagavatIArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA ke abhimatAnusAra jisake ghara para jananA zauca athavA maraNA zauca hai usa mAlika dvArA pradatta vasati dAyaka doSa se duSTa hai| azauca vAle vyakti ko vasati pradAna karane kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| prAyazcittasaMgraha ke anusAra tIna dina kA bAlaka, yuddha meM maraNako prApta, agni Adi ke dvArA maraNa ko prApta, jinadIkSita, anazana maraNa prApta vyaktiyoM kA sUtaka nahI lagatA hai| yahA~ agni dvArA maraNa prApta vyakti kA yaha artha hai, jo kisI agnikANDa meM phaMsa gayA ho yA bijalI girane se acAnaka mRtyu huI ho, usakA maraNa sUtaka nahIM lagegA, kintu jisane agni meM jalakara AtmaghAta kiyA ho, usakA maraNa sUtaka avazya lagatA hai| isI krama

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa... 311 kI puSTi karate hue jayasena pratiSThApATha meM likhA gayA hai-jisa vaMza vAlA yajamAna bimba pratiSThA karavA rahA hai, usake vaMza, kula evaM gotra meM usa dina se azauca nahIM mAnA jaataa| yahA~ jayasena svAmI kA yaha Azaya rahA hogA ki nAndI vidhAna ke anantara yajamAna ke antara meM rAga-dveSa kA zamana ho jAtA hai, jisa kAraNa mAnasika azauca utpanna nahIM hotA hai| bharata cakravartI putrotpatti hone para bhI AdinAtha prabhu ke darzanArtha jAte haiM aura isakA yaha samAdhAna diyA gayA hai ki tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoM ko sUtaka evaM maraNa sUtaka kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| ukta vyaktiyoM se bhinna jo gRhastha haiM, unheM sUtaka Adi kA doSa avazya lagatA hai| AcArya vaTTekara ne dAyaka ke doSoM kA kathana karate hue kahA hai- jo vyakti mRtaka ko zmazAna meM jalAkara AyA hai vaha AhAra dAna hetu niSiddha hai| paM. AzAdhara ne bhI isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai| 10 mokSapAhuDa kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki daridrI aura sUtaka vAlI strI ke ghara kA AhAra vizeSa rUpa se grahaNa na kreN| zrAvakoM ke lie bhI kahA gayA hai ki aNuvratI zrAvakoM ko bhojana kI zuddhi banAye rakhane ke lie sUtaka gRha kA bhojana tyAga karanA caahie| 11 isa prakAra sUtaka kAla kI azuddhi zAstra pramANoM se siddha hai| sUta ke samaya azuddhi mAnane kA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki jaba bAlaka kA janma hotA hai taba mAtA kI yoni se nAla bhI bAhara AtI hai, usameM anaMta jIvoM kA vAsa rahatA hai, use bhUmi meM gar3avAne se anaMta jIvoM kI hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai| isa pApa ke kAraNa bhI vizeSa azauca hotA hai| isI prakAra mRtaka zarIra ko agnidAha karAne se usa zarIrAzrita anaMta jIvoM kI hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai| ye donoM kriyAeM zrAvaka ko Avazyaka rUpa se karanI par3atI hai isase mana malina hotA hai aura usase azauca kI utpatti hotI hai| 12 yaha ullekhya hai ki azauca samaya ke sAtha hI dUra hotA hai ata: sabhI ko sUtaka doSa kA nivAraNa karanA hI caahie| loka vyavahAra meM pracalita azaucakAla kI tAlikA nimna prakAra dRSTavya hai 13

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312...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 10 dina Shi Shi Shi Shi , 6 mAha avasara janma __ maraNa | garbhapAta azuddhi 3 pIr3hI 10 dina 12 dina 3 mAsa ke 3 dina 10 dina bAda jitane dina 6 dina 6 dina / kA garbhapAta ho 4 dina 4 dina utane dina kA 3 dina 3 dina doSa . 8 prahara 4 prahara yadi ghara kA sadasya || ghara vAloM kI 2 prahara 2 prahara paradeza meM maraNa ko sUcanA milane prApta ho ke bAda pIr3hI putrI,dAsa, 3 dina ke anusAra dAsI apane ghara | 1 dina | 1 dina | apaghAta mRtyu meM gAya, bhaiMsa anAcAra | strI sadA azuci | azuci zvetAmbara sAhitya meM mRtaka sambandhI sUtaka kAla kI maryAdAe~ isa prakAra batAI gaIM haiM - __ * brAhmaNa, kSatriya evaM vaizyoM meM puruSa kI mRtyu hone para dasa dina aura strI kI mRtyu hone para gyAraha dina kA sUtaka lagatA hai| * yadi kisI nikaTa sambandhI kI mRtyu yA janma anya deza meM huA ho to dhArmika kAryoM ke lie sUtaka kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| yahA~ deza kA tAtparya kSetra vizeSa- mAlavA, mevAr3a, mAravAr3a Adi hI lenA caahie| * kisI kA garbhapAta hone para tIna dina kA sUtaka hotA hai| * kisI anya gotra meM mRtyu yA janma huA ho aura vivAhita putrI ne sUtaka ke ghara bhojana kiyA ho, to tIna dina kA sUtaka lagatA hai| * anna nahIM khAne vAle bAlaka kI mRtyu hone para tIna dina kA sUtaka hotA hai| sadA

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...313 * ATha varSa se kucha kama Ayu vAle bAlaka kA maraNa hone para tIna dina kA sUtaka hotA hai sUtaka kAla pUrNa hone para prabhu bhakti nimitta mahotsava Adi aura sAdharmika vAtsalya Adi karanA cAhie, aisA zvetAmbara AcArya vardhamAnasUri kA abhimata hai|14 digambara mAnyatAnusAra mRtaka sUtaka kA kAla isa prakAra hai * mRtyu kA sUtaka pAtaka tIna pIr3hI taka 12 dina kA, cauthI pIr3hI meM 6 dina kA, pA~cavIM-chaThavIM pIr3hI taka 4 dina kA, sAtavIM meM 3 dina kA aura AThavIM meM eka dina-rAta kA mAnA jAtA hai| . * tIna dina ke bAlaka kI mRtyu hone para eka dina kA aura ATha varSa ke bAlaka kI mRtyu hone para tIna dina kA sUtaka mAnA jAtA hai| * vartamAna meM sAmAnyatayA bAraha dina kA sUtaka rakhate haiM, lekina dAha kriyA ke tIsare dina mandira darzanArtha jAte haiM aura zAntipATha karate haiN|15 yaha mAnyatA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAo meM samAna hai ki mRtaka kI deha kriyA ke anantara dUsare yA tIsare dina sAmAnya lokAcAra pUrvaka uThAvanA karake mandira darzana ke lie jAte haiM aura guru mahArAja hoM, to unake mukha se athavA kisI dharmiSTha vyakti ke mukhAravinda se zAntistava kA pATha sunate haiN| yaha paramparA kaba, kaise vikasita huI? isakA spaSTa pramANa to upalabdha nahIM hai| sAtha hI 18vIM zatI paryanta ke granthoM meM bhI yaha svarUpa dekhA jAtA hai| isase sunizcita hotA hai ki yaha paramparA arvAcIna hai, kintu dhArmika dRSTi se ucita pratIta hotI hai| antima ArAdhanA kI pAramparika vidhi . mRtyu ke sannikaTa Ane para zrAvaka ko anazana vrata kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| vaha anazana vidhi isa prakAra hai ArAdhanA sthala- yaha ArAdhanA tIrthaMkara paramAtmAoM ke kalyANaka sthAnoM meM, jIva-jaMtu rahita pavitra bhUmi meM, jaMgala meM yA apane ghara meM karanI caahie|16 yadi aisA jJAta ho jAe ki mRtyu atyanta nikaTa hai athavA avazyaMbhAvI hai, to saMlekhanA ke lie zubha tithi-vAra-nakSatra Adi nahIM dekhanA cAhie,

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314...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana anyathA zubha dina dekhakara ArAdhanA prAraMbha karanI caahie| devavandana- antima ArAdhanA ke dina sarva saMgha ko Amantrita kreN| phira glAna vyakti ko jinapratimA kA darzana krvaaeN| phira samyaktvavratAropaNa vidhi kI taraha nandI kriyA kreN| usameM caturvidha saMgha ke sAtha guru anazanagrAhI ko devavandana krvaaeN| zAntinAtha, zAntidevatA, kSetradevatA, bhuvanadevatA, samasta vaiyAvRtya kara devI-devatAoM kI ArAdhanA ke nimitta eka-eka namaskAra mantra kA kAyotsarga karavAeM aura use pUrNakara unakI stuti boleN| usake bAda zakrastava evaM ajitazAntistava boleN| phira ArAdhanA devatA ke nimitta cAra 'logassasUtra' kA kAyotsarga karavAkara prakaTa meM puna: logassasUtra boleM, tathA ArAdhanA devI kI stuti kheN|7. yasyAH sAnnidhyato bhavyA, vAMchitArthaprasAdhakAH / zrI madArAdhanA devI, vighnavAtApahAstuSaH / / vAsadAna- tadanantara AcArya vAsacUrNa ko abhimantrita kreN| phira uttama ArAdhanA ke lie ArAdhaka ke mastaka para usakA nikSepa kreN| AlocanAdAna- usake bAda bAlyakAla se lekara samasta prakAra ke pApoM kI usase AlocanA karavAe evaM akaraNIya pApa kRtyoM kA tyAga karavAe tathA janma-janmAntaroM meM kie gae duSkRtyoM kA mithyA duSkRta dilvaaeN| kSamAyAcanA- tatpazcAta anazanagrAhI zrAvaka ko namaskAramaMtra ke smaraNa pUrvaka caturvidha saMgha se kSamAyAcanA karavAeM, 'Ayariya uvajjhAya' 'khAmemi savva jIve' kI gAthA bulavAeM, kyoMki kSamAyAcanA ke binA ArAdhanA saphala nahIM hotI hai| usake bAda ArAdhaka gurujanoM ko vastra Adi kA dAna kreN| zrIsaMgha kA pUjA-satkAra kreN| phira putrAdi svajanoM ko snAtra mahotsava, dhvajAropaNa Adi kRtya karane kA nirdeza deN| sAta kSetroM meM yathAzakti dravya kA viniyoga krvaaeN| samyaktva grahaNa- phira pUrvokta vidhi pUrvaka tIna bAra samyaktva pATha ko grahaNa kreN| isa pATha dvArA samyaktva vrata meM sthira bana jaae| bArahavrata grahaNa- puna: pUrva nirdiSTa vidhi ke sAtha pA~ca aNuvrata yA bArahavrata grahaNa kreN| vrata AlApaka meM 'jAva niyamaM pajjuvAsAmi' ke sthAna para 'jAvajjjIvAe' zabda kA uccAraNa kreN| catuHzaraNa grahaNa- usake bAda ArAdhaka ko arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu evaM

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...315 kevali prarUpita dharma-ina cAra kI zaraNa svIkAra karavAe, duSkRta kI gardA aura sukRta kI anumodanA krvaae| aThAraha pApa sthAna sevita na karane kA trikaraNatriyoga pUrvaka parityAga krvaae|18 anazana grahaNa- tatpazcAta saMlekhanAgrAhI ke Aya kA kSaya jAnakara sAgAra yA nirAgAra bhavacarima kA pratyAkhyAna krvaae| sAgAra bhavacarima meM pAnI kA AgAra rakhA jAtA hai, jabaki nirAgAra bhavacarima meM cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karavAyA jAtA hai|19 sarvaprathama sAgAra anazana hI grahaNa karavAnA cAhie tathA yaha anazana bhI saMgha, kuTumbI evaM rAjA Adi kI anumati lekara grahaNa karavAnA caahie| anazana pratyAkhyAna karane ke pUrva glAna (ArAdhaka)zakrastava aura tIna bAra namaskAramantra kA uccAraNa kre| usake bAda guru 'sAgArI bhavacarima pratyAkhyAna' kA pATha uccarita kare aura glAna artha pUrvaka usa pATha kA avadhAraNa kreN| sAgArI- anazana grahaNa kA pATha nimna hai___ "bhavacarimaM paccakkhAmi tivihaMpi AhAraM asaNaM khAimaM sAimaM anatthaNAbhogeNaM sahasAgAreNaM mahattarAgAreNaM savvasamAhivattiyAgAreNaM vosiraami|" ___Ayu mukSaya hone kA antarmuhUrta zeSa rahe, usa samaya nirAgAra-bhavacarima kA pratyAkhyAna karavAnA caahie| nirAgAra anazana grahaNa kA pATha yaha hai "bhavacarimaM nirAgAraM paccakkhAmi savvaM asaNaM, savvaM pANaM, savvaM khAimaM, savvaM sAimaM annatthaNAbhogeNaM sahasAgAreNaM aIyaM niMdAmi, paDipunnaM saMvaremi, aNAgayaM paccakkhAmi, arihaMta sakkhiyaM, siddhasakkhiyaM, sAhusakkhiyaM, devasakkhiyaM, appasakkhiyaM vosiraami|" usake bAda nimna gAthA kA uccAraNa karavAe jai meM hujja pamAo, imassa dehassimAi velAe / AhAra uvahi dehaM, tivihaM tiviheNa vosiriyaM / / usake pazcAta guru 'nitthArapAragA hohi' aisA bolate hue saMgha sahita vAsacUrNa akSata Adi kA glAna ke sanmukha prakSepaNa kreN| phira anazanadhArI zubha bhAvanAoM dvArA AtmA kI zAnti nimitta 'aTThAvayaMmi usaho' ityAdi tIrtha stuti pddh'eN| 'cavaNaMjammabhUmi' ityAdi stava boleN| guru nirantara tIna loka meM rahe hue jina caityoM kA vyAkhyAna kare, anitya Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM kA upadeza

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316... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kare, anazana kA phala batAe / upasthita sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha prabhu bhakti evaM gIta-nRtya Adi utsava kreN| glAna zrAvaka jIne yA marane kI icchA kA tyAga kara samAdhi pUrvaka rhe| Ayu pUrNa hote samaya paMcaparameSThI kA smaraNa karate hue nazvara deha kA tyAga kare / antima saMskAra kI pracalita vidhi zvetAmbara matAnusAra anazanadhArI ke mRta deha kA visarjana nimna vidhi pUrvaka kareM - 20 * sarvaprathama mRtyu prApta glAna ko kuza kI zayyA para sthApita kreN| * phira zrAvaka brAhmaNa varga kA ho, to sabhI brAhmaNa zikhA chor3akara sampUrNa sira, dAr3hI, mUMcha kA muMDana krvaaeN| kinhIM mata meM kSatriya evaM vaizya ke lie bhI yahI vidhAna kahA gayA hai / zUdra ko muMDana karavAne kA niSedha hai| * AcAradinakara ke anusAra jJAtavya hai ki zava kI saMskAra kriyA apane apane varNa vAle jJAtijanoM ko hI karanA cAhie, anyavarNI jJAtijanoM se usakA sparza bhI nahIM karavAnA caahie| * pUrvokta muMDana Adi kRtya ho jAne para mRtadeha kA tela Adi se mardana kreN| * phira sugaMdhita jala dvArA snAna krvaaeN| * gaMdha va kuMkuma Adi se mRtadeha kA vilepana kareM tathA mAlA phnaaeN| * apane kula ke yogya vastra evaM AbhUSaNa se vibhUSita kreN| * usake bAda navIna kASTha yA kuza kA saMthArA (pAlakI) bnaaeN| * usa saMthArA para uttama jAti kA vastra bichaaeN| * phira zava ko gRhastha ke dharmopakaraNa sahita zayyA para sthApita kreN| * yadi mRtyu nakSatra meM maraNa huA ho, to pUrvanirdiSTa nakSatroM ke anusAra gRhasthaveza kI pratikRti svarUpa kuza ke do yA eka putalA bnaaeN| * tadanantara vividha prakAra ke vastra, ratna, mAlA Adi dvArA prAsAda jaisI bhavya AkRti (pAlakI) nirmita kareM, phira mRtadeha ko zayyA sahita usameM sthApita kreN| * usake bAda mRtaka ke cAra svajanavarga, apane parijanoM ke sAtha pAlakI ko kaMdhoM para uThAkara zmazAnabhUmi meM laaeN| zava kA mastaka uttaradizA kI ora rakhate hue citA para sthApita kareM, phira putra Adi agni saMskAra kreN| * yadi usa bAlaka kI mRtyu huI ho, jisane abhI taka anna nahIM khAyA hai, to usa mRta bAlaka kA agni saMskAra na karake, bhUmi saMskAra (bhUmi meM

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...317 gAr3hanA) karanA caahie| . usake bAda zamazAna bhUmi meM pretAtmAoM ko dAna deN| * phira zarIra zuddhi karake anya mArga se apane gRha kI ora lautteN| * tIsare dina putra Adi parijana Adi citAbhasma ko nadI meM pravAhita kreN| usakI asthiyoM ko tIrtha sthala meM visarjita kreN| * agale dina snAna karake zoka ko dUra kareM usI dina jinAlaya meM jAkara caityavaMdana kareM, jinadarzana kreN| phira upAzraya meM guru ko vaMdana kareM, guru se dharmadezanA suneN| * phira sabhI apane-apane kAryoM meM pravRtta ho jaaeN| vaidika- vaidika sAhitya meM gRhastha kI antya saMskAra vidhi nimna prakAra se ullikhita hai sarvaprathama yaha dhyAtavya hai ki pUrvavartI vaidika sAhitya meM mRtyu ke samaya evaM mRtyu ke bAda kI kriyAoM kA hI ullekha hai, mRtyu ke pUrva sampanna kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kA nirdeza nahIMvat huA hai| sAmAnyatayA "eka hindU jaba yaha anubhava karatA hai ki usakI mRtyu samIpa A gaI hai to vaha apane sambandhiyoM aura mitroM ko nimantrita karatA hai aura unase maitrIbhAva pUrvaka bAtacIta karatA hai tathA apane bhAvI-kalyANa ke lie vaha brAhmaNoM aura nirdhanoM ko dAna detA hai|21' hinduoM meM mRtyu ke samaya gau kA dAna denA mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| AzvalAyana ke anusAra jaba mRtyu kA samaya nikaTa A jAtA hai, to rogI kA zarIra svaccha bAlUdAra bhUmi para rakhA diyA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt tIna agniyoM yA eka agni ko rakha jAtA hai| usa gArhapatya agni ke samIpa arthI taiyAra kI jAtI hai|22 isa para rUgNa vyakti ko dakSiNa dizA kI ora mukha rakhate hue leTA diyA jAtA hai| phira usake kAnoM ke samIpa veda mantroM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| Ajakala mRta vyakti ke kAnoM meM bhagavad gItA evaM rAmAyaNa ke zlokoM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| isa kRtya ko eka dRSTi se antima ArAdhanA kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| mRtyu sambandhI vidhiyA~ homa - hindU samAja yajJa pradhAna hai| kisI vyakti kI mRtyu hone para yajJa kiyA jAtA thA, aisA ullekha kucha granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se prApta hotA hai| arthI- gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra homa kriyA ke uparAnta udumbara kI lakar3I kI eka arthI banAI jAtI hai| usake Upara mRgacarma kA eka TukaDA bichAte haiM,

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318...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana phira zava ke mastaka ko dakSiNa kI ora rakhate hue usa para liTA dete haiN| Ajakala bA~sa kI arthI banAI jAtI hai / mRgacarma bichAne kI paramparA vilupta ho cukI hai| zava ko binA raMga ke akhaMDa evaM nae vastra pahanAe jAte haiN| 23 zava uThAnA-- katipaya AcAryoM ke anusAra zava vayovRddha dAsoM dvArA le jAyA jAnA cAhie tathA kucha ke matAnusAra do bailoM dvArA DhoI jAne vAlI gAr3I para lAdakara le jAnA cAhie | 24 smRtiyoM ke anusAra mRtaka ke sambandhiyoM ke atirikta anya kisI vyakti ko yaha kArya nahIM karanA caahie| kisI vijAtIya vyakti ko use sparza karane se azauca ho jAtA hai, jisakA nivAraNa prAyazcita se hI saMbhava mAnA hai| isa bAta kA samarthana zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI kiyA hai| zavayAtrA-- zavayAtrA kA netRtva sAdhAraNataH mRtaka kA jyeSTha putra yA zokArta kA pramukha sambandhI karatA hai / gRhyasUtroM ke anusAra do varSa se adhika Ayu vAle sabhI sambandhI zmazAna yAtrA meM jAte haiM / zavayAtrA meM sammilita hone vAle Ayu krama ke anusAra calate haiN| mArga meM yama sUktoM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM 'rAma nAma satya hai' Adi vAkyoM ko deharAyA jAtA hai| 25 anustaraNI - prAcInakAla meM zavayAtrA evaM zava kI antyeSTi ke nimitta eka vizeSa prakAra kI gAya cunI jAtI thI / sUtrakAroM ke anusAra gAya kI bali dI jAtI thii| yadi bali ke samaya koI ghaTanA ghaTa jAtI, to pazu mukta kara diyA jAtA thaa| gAya ko Amantrita karane, mukta karane Adi kI bhI eka vizeSa vidhi hotI thii| Ajakala gAya kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai | 26 zmazAna vidhi - zmazAna bhUmi meM vidhivata cunA huA sthAna zuddha kiyA jAtA hai| bhUta-pretoM ke nivAraNa kI kriyA kI jAtI hai, pramANopeta gaDDhA khodA jAtA hai tathA pramANopeta hI IMdhana, citA Adi kI kriyAe~ karate haiN| ke kucha matAnusAra zava kI kukSi tor3akara, AMtar3iyoM ko ghRta se bhara denA caahie| isake mUla meM zava ko zuddha karane aura dAha ko adhika suvidhAjanaka banAne kI bhAvanA nihita thii| Ajakala mRtaka ke kezoM va nakhoM kA kRntana aura zava kA prakSAlana zuddhi ke lie paryApta samajhA jAtA hai| phira zava citA para rakhA jAtA hai| nija varNoM ke anusAra zava ke hAtha meM svarNapiNDa, dhanuSa yA maNi dI jAtI hai|27 citA para leTanA - pUrvavartI vaidika sAhitya meM vidhavA dvArA mRtaka pati ke

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...319 sAtha citA para leTe jAne ke ullekha milate haiN| dAha vidhi- uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ sampanna hone ke bAda dAha kriyA prArambha kI jAtI hai| usa samaya agni meM AhutiyA~ dI jAtI hai| unakI dhAraNAnusAra ve AhutiyA~ zava ko svarga pahu~cAtI haiN| isa avasara para prArthanAe~, sambodhana Adi kaI anya vidhAna bhI kie jAte haiN| punargamana- zava kI dAha kriyA sampUrNa ho jAne ke bAda zavayAtrA meM sAtha jAne vAle loga idhara-udhara na dekhate hue va nIce dRSTi rakhate hue ghara kI ora lauTa aaeN| usa samaya zokArtta hokara azrupAta bhI na kreN| maraNottarakAlIna vidhiyA~ yaha kriyA snAna vidhi pUrvaka kI jAtI hai| udakakarma-mRtaka kI antyeSTi kriyA ke anantara mRtaka ko jala dene kI kriyA kI jAtI hai| snAna ke turanta bAda kauoM ke lie ubAle hue cAvala aura maTara ke kucha dAne bhUmi para bikhera die jAte haiN| isake pIche yaha dhAraNA hai ki mRtaka vyakti pakSiyoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai kintu yaha avadhAraNA ucita nahIM lagatI hai| azauca- mRtyu ke sUtaka kA kAla mRtaka kI jAti, Ayu aura liMga bheda se bhinna-bhinna batAyA gayA hai| brAhmaNa va kSatriyoM ke lie sUtaka kI sAmAnya avadhi dasa dina tathA vaizya va zUdroM ke lie kramazaH pandraha dina aura eka mAsa nirdhArita kI gaI hai|21 vaikalpika dRSTi se tIna yA dasa dina kI avadhi kahI gaI hai| vedajJAtA brAhmaNa ke lie tIna dina kI avadhi mAnI hai tathA yajJIya karma karane vAle brahmacArI, kArIgara, zilpI, rAjA, vaidya dAsI-ye tatkAla zuddha ho jAte haiN| ukta apavAda samAja kI suvidhA para AdhArita hai| Ajakala azauca kI avadhi brAhmaNa ke lie dasa dina, kSatriya ke lie bAraha dina, vaizya ke lie pandraha dina aura zUdra ke lie eka mAsa hai|28 azauca kI yaha avadhi praur3ha vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu ke sambandha meM hai| do varSa se kama Ayu ke zizu kI mRtyu se kevala mAtApitA ko eka yA tIna rAtri ke lie sUtaka lagatA hai, kula ke anya sadasyoM ko sUtaka nahIM lagatA hai| isI prakAra pitA, mAtA, mitra, zvasura, bhAnajA Adi kI mRtyu hone para kitane dina kA sUtaka rahatA hai tathA sUtaka vAloM ke lie kyA karane yogya hai aura kyA nahIM karane yogya hai? ina sabhI pakSoM kA hindU granthoM meM spaSTa vivecana hai|

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320... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana asthi saMcayana- AzvalAyana ke anusAra asthi saMcayana kA kAla mRtyu se terahavA~ yA pandrahavA~ dina hai| 29 baudhAyana ne dAha se tIsare, pA~caveM yA sAtaveM dina kA nirdeza kiyA hai|30 asthiyoM ko ekatrita karane evaM unakA visarjana karane ke sambandha meM bahuta-sI vidhiyoM kA ullekha huA hai / Ajakala dAha ke dina hI asthiyoM ko saMgRhIta kara gaMgA jala meM pravAhita kara dete haiN| hinduoM kI dhAraNA hai - 'jisa vyakti kI asthiyA~ gaMgA jala meM pravAhita karate haiM, vaha brahmaloka se vApasa nahIM lauTatA aura vaha hajAroM varSoM taka svarga meM nivAsa karatA hai / " zAntikarma - yaha vidhi duSTa prabhAvoM ke nivAraNa aura sAdhAraNa jIvana meM lauTane va Avazyaka pravRttiyoM ko prArambha karane ke nimitta kI jAtI hai| yaha vidhAna kisa dina, kahA~ kiyA jAnA cAhie? isa avadhAraNA ko lekara kaIM mata pracalita haiN| gRhyasUtra ne antyeSTi saMskAra se dasavA~ dina aura AzvalAyana ne pandrahavA~ dina upayukta mAnA gayA hai| 31 kucha zmazAnabhUmi para, kucha nagara ke bAhara to kucha zokArttaM kI suvidhAnusAra zAntikarma karane kA varNana karate haiN| piNDadAna - hindU paramparA meM yaha vidhAna atyanta mahattva ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| antyeSTi viSayaka paddhatiyoM meM yaha kriyA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| isa kriyA ke antargata dAha ke pazcAt bArahaveM dina taka pratyeka dina vizeSa prayojana ke nimitta, vizeSa prakAra kA piNDadAna kiyA jAtA hai, jaise ki pahale dina mRtaka kI kSudhA va tRSA ko tRpta karane aura usake bhAvI zarIra ke nirmANa ke lie eka bhAta kA piNDa, pAnI kA ghar3A evaM anya khAdya-padArtha die jAte haiN| isI prakAra pratyeka dina bhinna-bhinna prayojana ko lekara alaga- alaga prakAra kA piNDadAna kiyA jAtA hai| dasaveM dina sambandhiyoM ke keza, dAr3hI, mUMcha va nakha kATe jAte haiN| gyArahaveM dina anya anya taraha kI kaI vidhiyA~ sampanna kI jAtI haiN| isa dina kI pradhAna kriyA vRSotsarga arthAt eka sAMDa aura eka gAya ko khulA chor3anA hai| 32 sapiNDIkaraNa- hinduoM meM aisA vizvAsa hai ki mRtaka vyakti kI AtmA turanta aura sIdhI pitRloka nahIM pahu~ca jAtI hai| kucha kAla taka vaha preta ke rUpa meM rahatI hai| isa avadhi meM use vizeSa piNDa die jAte haiN| phira niyata samaya ke bAda sapiNDIkaraNa dvArA pitRloka meM pahu~ca jAtI hai| isa prakAra pretAtmA ko pitaroM se saMyukta karane kI kriyA sapiNDIkaraNa kahalAtI hai| isameM vihita

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...321 tithiyoM ke dina zrAddha die jAte haiM tathA yaha kriyA tIna pakSoM ke anta meM bArahaveM dina yA varSa samApta hone para hotI hai| ___ zava kriyA ke vibhinna prakAra- hindU paramparA meM dAha kriyA ke atirikta zava tyAgane ke anya prakAra bhI kahe gae haiN| zizu, garbhiNI, navaprasUtA, rajasvalA, parivrAjaka, saMnyAsI, vAnaprastha, pravAsI, akAla mRtyu prApta patita Adi vyaktiyoM ke lie zava tyAgane kI alaga-alaga vidhiyA~ batAI gaIM haiN| unameM zizu ke lie bhUmi nikhAta, saMnyAsiyoM ke lie jaMgala meM chor3a AnA yA gaDDhe meM liTAkara Dhaka denA, akAla mRtyu vAloM ke lie jalanikhAta yA vana meM chor3a AnA ityAdi prathAe~ pracalita thiiN| Aja prAya: agni saMskAra kI pravRtti hI maujUda hai| isa prakAra zava kI vyavasthA ke vibhinna prakAra milate haiN| vaidika paramparA ke ukta kriyAkANDoM se yaha avagata hotA hai ki hindUdharma meM mRta vyakti kI bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA hai| usake AdhyAtmika lAbha yA mokSa prApti maraNa ke lie kI jAne vAlI prArthanAe~ bahuta kama haiN| sabhI saMskAra prAyaH vizvAsamUlaka evaM dhAraNA pradhAna haiN| pAramArthika bhAvanAoM kA vahA~ koI vizeSa sthAna nahIM hai| vyaktigata, pArivArika evaM sAmAjika svacchatA aura svAsthya kA pUrA prAvadhAna hai| saMkSepata: mRtaka kI sukhasavidhAoM evaM pAralaukika jIvana kI maMgala kAmanAoM ko lekara hI adhikatara vidhi-vidhAna pracalita hue haiN| antya saMskAra sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM ke prayojana mAnava zarIra isa dharatI kI sabase bar3I vibhUti hai evaM duniyA~ kI sarvopari kalAkRti hai| mAnava-mastiSka meM uThane vAle vicAroM aura anta:karaNa meM uThane vAle bhAvoM kI kSamatA itanI adhika hai ki unake AdhAra para vaha devopama Ananda kA anubhava kara sakatA hai| apane ko prakAzavAn banAte hue usa prakAza se anya anekoM ko prakAzayukta kara sakatA hai| pratyeka mAnava meM Ananda kA srota bharA par3A hai| yadi vaha rAga-dveSa-aMhakAra Adi vikRtiyoM aura galata bhrAntiyoM se vilaga rahe, to pratipala AhlAda kA avirala srota hara kisI ke lie bahA sakatA hai| yaha sAmarthya kevala manuSya-jAti meM hI hai| yoM to yaha jagat jar3a hai, usameM saba kucha Ubar3a-khAbar3a aura asta-vyasta hai, para prema, puNya aura paramArtha

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322...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke divya tattvoM kA isameM samAveza ho jAe, to saba kucha abhinandanIya bana sakatA hai| yaha tAkata mAnava mana evaM mAnava zarIra meM hI hai| yahI vajaha haiM ki mAnava ke mRta zarIra ko bhI saMskAra kA rUpa diyA gyaa| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki bhAratIya-saMskRti jitane harSa se sukha ko svIkAra karatI hai, utane hI vega se duHkha ko bhI svIkAra karatI hai| vaha sukha meM duHkha va duHkha meM sukha ko DhUMDha letI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki antyeSTi saMskAra, jise anya saMskRti saMsAra ke azubhatama dinoM meM se eka mAnatI hai, vahA~ bhAratIya saMskRti ise eka saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnatI hI nahIM, karatI bhI hai| ___ jaba yaha saMskAra svayaM mahattvapUrNa hai, taba saMskAra ke prayojana se kie jAne vAle vidhi-vidhAna avazya hI adbhuta gaharAIyoM ko lie hue hone caahie| kucha vidhiyoM ke mahattva evaM prayojana isa prakAra mananIya haiM agni kA saMskAra hI kyoM ? hindu dharma kI sAmAnya mAnyatA hai ki agni kI sahAyatA se jIva sadgati kI ora prayANa karatA hai| vastu sthiti bhI yahI hai ki agni kA svabhAva UrdhvagAmitA hai| usakI lau hamezA Upara ko hI uThatI hai| agni ko dhArmika evaM puNyamaya kriyAoM ke lie bhI ucca va zreSThatara mAnA gayA hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAna, prakAza, teja, saMyama, puruSArtha jaise guNoM ko agni kA pratinidhi mAnA gayA hai ataH isakA Azraya lene vAle usI taraha Upara kI ora uThate haiM, jisa taraha agni meM jalAe hue zarIra ke kaNakaNa vAyubhUta hokara AkAza meM ur3ate cale jAte haiN| tIsarA kAraNa siddhAntataH yaha hai ki hindU-dharma jIvana kI nirantaratA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, isalie mRtyu ko vaha eka arddhavirAma mAtra mAnatA hai, avasAna nhiiN| ise dUsare janma meM praveza kA dvAra mAnatA hai, jIvana kI samApti nhiiN| hA~, use sthUla zarIra kI samApti mAnatA hai aura mRtyu ke bAda vaha sthUla zarIra ko azuddhi mAnatA hai, use chUne meM apavitratA kA saMsarga mAnatA hai| ata: paMcatattva se nirmita zarIra ko paMcatattva meM vilIna kara denA cAhie, unameM agni pAvaka hai, pavitra karatI hai, ata: agni ko sauMpane se zarIra ke tattva adhika zuddha rUpa meM vitarita hoMge isa uddezya kI pUrti hetu bhI dAha-kriyA kI jAtI hai| dhArmika mAnyatA ke AdhAra para agni saMskAra se jIva ke sUkSma zarIra para car3he hue indriyalipsA, vAsanA, moha, dveSa, Alasya jaise kusaMskAra jala jAte

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...323 haiM aura jIva agni meM tapAe hue svarNa kI taraha nirmala ho UrdhvagAmI banatA hai / zikSA aura niSkarSa kI dRSTi se dekhA jAe, to yaha preraNA milatI hai ki dharma evaM karma rUpI agni ke sahAre hara vyakti Upara uTha sakatA hai| 33 antyeSTi ke avasara para homa (yajJa) kyoM ? hindU dharma yajJa - AhutiyoM kI pradhAnatA vAlA dharma hai| isa paramparA ke prAya: kRtya yajJa pUrvaka hI kie jAte haiN| antyeSTi ke avasara para kriyAnvita yajJa kA eka kAraNa yaha mAna sakate haiM ki bhAratIya- Arya agni ko pRthvI para sthita devadUta tathA devatAoM ko dI huI AhutiyoM ko una taka pahu~cAne vAlA samajhate haiN| ve bhautika vastue~, jinase havya banatA hai, ve sthUla rUpa meM svargastha devatAoM taka nahIM pahu~ca sakatI haiM ataH agni kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huii| sAtha hI manuSya kI mRtyu hone para use svarga bheja dene kI kalpanA jAgRta huI aura vaha agni tathA homa dvArA hI saMbhava thI, ataH yajJa ke mUla meM yaha dhAraNA sabalatama pratIta hotI hai, jo dharma bhAva se bhI ota-prota hai aura yajJIya-Ahuti ke rUpa meM zava ko svarga pahu~cAtI hai| yajJa kA dUsarA kAraNa yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mevA, miSThAnna, ghRta, auSadhi Adi kImatI evaM Avazyaka vastuoM ko vAyu zuddhi ke lie vAyu-bhUta banAkara sarva-sa - sAdhAraNa ko niroga evaM paripuSTa banAne ke lie bikhera diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra mAnava- vaibhava kI samasta vibhUtiyoM ko vizvamaMgala ke lie bikherate raha jAe - yahI tAtvika yajJa hai| tIsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki zava saMskAra ke samaya mantroccAra pUrvaka AhutiyA~ DAlI jAtI haiM, jo apavitra mRta zarIra ko pavitra banAtI hai| sAtha hI homa meM kevala vaha vastu homI jAtI hai, jo pavitra ho / asthi, mA~sa kA zarIra bezaka apavitra hai, parantu jaba usameM mantrazakti, vicArazIlatA kA samanvaya kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha pavitratA se ota-prota ho jAtA hai| cauthA mantavya yaha hai ki citA eka prakAra se yajJa vedI hI hai, isalie usameM ve hI lakar3iyA kAma meM AtI haiM, jo Amataura se yajJa kAryoM meM prayukta hotI haiN| isase bhI antyeSTi ke prasaMga para yajJa kiyA jAnA sArthaka siddha hotA hai| kapAla kriyA ke mUlabhUta uddezya - mastiSka jIvana kA vAstavika kendra saMsthAna hai| usameM jaise vicAra yA bhAva uThate haiM, usI ke anukUla jIvana kI dizA nirdhArita hotI hai aura utthAna - patana kA saMyoga vaisA hI bana jAtA hai /

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324...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana mastiSka ko sImAbaddha na rakheM, vaha saMkucita na rahe, apitu vyApakatA, vizAlatA, virATatA kA rUpa dhAraNa kare-isa tathya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie kapAla-kriyA kA karmakANDa karate haiN| sira kI khopar3I phor3akara usake bhItara bhare vicAra saMsthAna ko yaha avasara dete haiM aura janamAnasa ko yaha prerita karate haiM ki vaha eka choTI-sI paridhi ke bhItara hI socatA na rahe, varan vizva mAnava kI vibhinna samasyAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue apanA kartavya patha nirdhArita kre| mRta aura jIvita sabhI ke lie mAnasika saMkIrNatA hAnikAraka hai tathA socane kA dAyarA vistRta ho yahI isa kriyA kA lakSya hai| yaha kriyA antyeSTi kI samApti para kI jAtI hai|35 asthi visarjana kI paramparA kyoM? antyeSTi ke bAda avazeSa asthiyoM ko ekatrita karake unheM kisI puNya tIrtha meM visarjita karane kI paripATI hai| isakA uddezya hai jIvana kA kaNa-kaNa sArthaka ho, jIvana meM dharma paramANuoM kA saMcAra ho kyoMki isa mAnava jIvana kA carama lakSya Atma svarUpa ko prakaTa karanA hai| usakI samprApti dharma sAdhanA ke binA asaMbhava hai, ata: jIvana kI sArthakatA ko banAe evaM bar3hAe rakhane ke nimitta zarIra ke avazeSa puNya kSetra meM DAle jAte haiN| citA-bhasma uThAnA Avazyaka kyoM? dAha kriyA ke tIsare dina citAbhasma evaM asthiyA~ uThA lI jAtI haiN| citA-bhasma ko uThAne evaM kisI anya sthala para visarjita karane kA dhyeya yaha hai ki pArivArika sadasyoM aura sambandhiyoM kA usa vyakti ke prati rahA huA moha bhAva samApta ho jAe, kyoMki puna:-puna: bhasma-kaNa ko dekhane se bhI mohodaya ho sakatA hai ata: zArIrika Asakti se nivRtta honA bhI isa kriyA kA uddezya rahA hai| piNDadAna jarUrI kyoM? hindU dharma kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra marane ke bAda bhI divaMgata AtmA kA ghara ke prati moha-mamatA kA bhAva banA rahatA hai| yaha mamatA usakI bhAvI pragati ke lie bAdhaka hai, ata: piNDadAna kriyA kA uddezya divaMgata jIva ko apane bhaviSya kI taiyArI meM lagane ke lie aura vartamAna kuTumba se moha-mamatA chor3ane ke lie preraNA denA hai, kyoki bandhana TUTane para hI mukti hotI hai| piNDadAna dvArA mRtAtmA ko Avazyaka sAmagrI pradAna kara isa parivAra se chuTakArA dilAyA jAtA hai aura bhAvI jIvana ke sukhamaya nirmANa evaM nirvAha ke lie eka mArga prazasta kiyA jAtA hai|

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...325 azauca kriyA ke mukhya hetu - yaha vaijJAnika tathya hai ki mRtaka ke zarIra se azuddha kITANu nikalate haiM, isalie mRtyu ke uparAnta ghara kI pUrI saphAI karanA Avazyaka hotI hai| dIvAroM kI putAI, jamIna kI dhulAI, vastra - saphAI Adi kA aisA krama hotA hai ki koI chUta kA aMza zeSa na raha jAe / yaha kArya terahaveM dina meM kiyA yaha kArya paramparAnusAra dasaveM, bArahaveM yA terahaveM dina meM kiyA jAtA hai| sAmAnyata: zoka nivAraNa kI kriyA dUsare yA tIsare karate hai ise uThAmanA yA uThAvanA kahate haiN| uThAmanA kA zuddha saMskRta rUpa hai- utthApanA arthAt zoka ko dUra kara parivArajanoM ko deva darzana evaM vyApAra Adi kI sAmAnya pravRttiyo se yojita karanA uThAmanA kahalAtA hai / zoka nivAraNa kI avadhi bAraha dina kyoM? sAmAnyatayA zokanivAraNa kI kriyA terahaveM dina kI jAtI hai| yaha zoka-moha kI vidAI kA vidhivata Ayojana hai| mRtyu ke kAraNa parivAra meM zoka-viyoga kA vAtAvaraNa rahatA hai, bAhara ke loga bhI saMvedanA yA sahAnubhUti prakaTa karane Ate rahate haiN| isa krama ko bAraha dinoM meM samApta kara denA caahie| yaha avadhi manovijJAna ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| kisI ghanatvAkarSaNa se dUra haTanA haThAt saMbhava nahIM hai| isake lie zanai: zanai: mana ko samajhAnA hotA hai aura vaha mana bAraha dina kI avadhi meM taTastha rahane hetu kAphI kucha taiyAra ho jAtA hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha lokAcAra pravRtti hai, ata: zoka manAne ke lie bAraha dina kI avadhi paryApta hai| isa prakAra yaha vidhAna zoka santApa evaM moha, mAyA Adi ko dUra karane ke hetu se kiyA jAtA hai| isI taraha paMcabali vidhAna, pitRAhvAna, tarpaNa Adi ke uddezya evaM prayojana bhI vicAraNIya haiN| mRtyubhoja - eka rUr3hivAdI paramparA sanAtana dharma kI prAcIna paripATI meM maraNottara saMskAra ke avasara para 'vRSabhotsarga' kiyA jAtA thaa| eka bachar3A pitara ke nAma para sA~Da banAkara chor3ate the, jo gauoM ke jhuNDa meM rahakara unakI hiMsaka pazuoM se rakSA kare aura santAnotpatti dvArA gau kula kA saMvardhana karatA rhe| pitara kI smRti meM aisI puNya paramparA kA Arambha karanA, jisase samAja kA hita hotA ho, vRSabhotsarga kA mUla uddezya thaa|

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326...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana Ajakala loga lambe-caur3e mRtaka bhoja karate haiN| yaha avAMchanIya prathA hai, jo sarvathA abuddhimattApUrNa hai| vivAha-zAdiyoM meM hone vAle prItibhojoM kI taraha lambe-caur3e mRtaka bhoja karanA kahA~ taka ucita hai? usa prasaMga kI kalpanA kara aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAnoM kisI kA mara jAnA logoM ke lie khuzI kA kAraNa banA hai, jisake lie dAvata ur3AI jA rahI hai| jina logoM ko dAvateM khilAI jAtI haiM, ve samAja-sevaka hoM yaha jarUrI nahIM hai| yaha bhoja tabhI puNyaphaladAyaka ho sakatA hai jaba yaha kharca loka maMgala ke lie, brahmaparAyaNa vyaktiyoM ke lie kiyA jaae| sAdhAraNa logoM evaM sambandhIjanoM ko khilAnA eka prakAra kA pArasparika vyavahAra hai| isase mRtAtmA ko kyA lAbha mila sakatA hai? isI prakAra mRtaka ke nimitta gA~va meM yA sambandhiyoM meM kapar3A, thAlI Adi denA bhI upahAsAspada hai| sUkSma zarIra ina vastuoM kA bhalA kyA upayoga karegA? phira kisI anya yoni meM janma lene ke pazcAta una vastuoM se usakA kyA prayojana ho sakatA hai? vastuta: inakA prayojana samAja ke azakta vyaktiyoM ko sahayoga pradAna karanA honA caahie| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki dAna tabhI puNyaphala utpanna kara sakatA hai, jaba vaha uttama prayojana ke lie utkRSTa vyaktiyoM ko diyA jaae| jo dhana jisa kArya meM kharca hotA hai, usI ke anurUpa puNya utpanna hotA hai| jaba dAna kA paisA satkArya meM lagA hI nahIM, to puNyaphala kisa bAta kA milegA? Aja pitaroM ke nAma para dhana kI barbAdI hotI jA rahI hai| viveka kA takAjA yaha hai ki dAna ke nAma para dhana kA durUpayoga na ho, varan bhAvanAtmaka loka maMgala kA prayojana pUrA ho| mRtAtmA ke puNya nimitta saphala Ayojana sampanna kreN| svargIya AtmA kI smRti meM koI zubha kArya kA Arambha kareM, jisase samAja kA hita hotA ho aura usa hita kA puNya cirakAla taka pitara ko milatA raha sakatA ho| jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karavAnA, dharmazAlA banavAnA, zikSaNa vyavasthA meM yogadAna denA, pAThazAlA, pustakAlaya Adi khulavAnA ye puNyamaya kArya haiN| mRtyubhoja ke sthAna para yadi ye kArya kie jAeM to ni:sandeha puNyaphala cAhane vAloM ko sundara pariNAma hAsila hone ke sAtha-sAtha dhana kA sadvyaya bhI ho skegaa|36

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...327 antya saMskAra vidhi kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina evaM hindU avadhAraNA meM antyeSTi saMskAra kA mahattva sadAkAla se rahA hai, ataeva vidhi-vidhAnoM kA bhI prAbalya hai| isa saMskAra kI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAraNA kI jAe, to bahuta-sI spaSTatAe~ ubhara AtI haiN| nAma kI apekSA - zvetAmbara evaM vaidika donoM dharmoM meM isa saMskAra ke nAma ko lekara AMzika bhinnatA hai| zvetAmbara meM 'antya' evaM vaidika meM 'antyeSTi' kahA gayA hai| ina donoM vargoM meM artha viSayaka bhinnatA bhI parilakSita hotI hai| zvetAmbara mata meM antima saMskAra se tAtparya antima ArAdhanA yAnI mRtyu ke pUrva kI AdhyAtmika ArAdhanA, yaha artha bhI liyA gayA hai, jabaki vaidika mata meM mRtyukAlIna evaM maraNottarakAlIna- ina do kRtyoM kA hI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| krama kI apekSA- isa saMskAra kA krama donoM meM samAna hai| donoM paramparAoM ne ise solahaveM saMskAra ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| digambara granthoM meM isa saMskAra kA alaga se koI vivecana nahIM hai, antima ArAdhanA kA ullekha avazya hai, jo zvetAmbara paramparA kI dRSTi se antya saMskAra kA hI eka aMga hai| kAla kI apekSA- isa saMskAra ke lie nizcita avadhi kA honA asaMbhava hai, tathApi antya saMskAra se sambandhita kuchaika kriyAkalApoM ko niyata nakSatra-vAra Adi meM karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha vidhAna zvetAmbara granthoM meM hI parilakSita hotA hai| mantra kI apekSA - zvetAmbara paramparA meM isa saMskAra ke nimitta kisI mantra kA ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki vaidika paramparA meM yajJa Adi ke avasara para mantroccAraNa ke nirdeza haiN| adhikArI kI apekSA - zvetAmbara granthoM meM antya saMskAra ke sandarbha meM jo artha ghaTita kiyA hai usa apekSA se nirgranthamuni, jaina brAhmaNa, svajana varga evaM zrAvakavarga isake adhikArI batAye gae haiN| vaidika granthoM meM isa saMskAra kA adhikAra brAhmaNa evaM svajanAdi varga ko diyA gayA hai| sUtaka kAla kI apekSA - zvetAmbara, digambara evaM vaidika- tInoM paramparAoM meM vyakti evaM varga kI apekSA sUtaka kA kAla bhinna-bhinna batAyA gayA hai| vidhi kI apekSA- yadi antya saMskAra vidhi ko AdhAra mAnakara tulanA kareM, to spaSTa hotA hai ki kucha vidhi-vidhAna donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se

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328... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana svIkAre gae haiM, kintu una kRtyoM ko sampAdita karane kI vidhiyA~ bhinna-bhinna haiM jaise-arthI banAnA, zava uThAnA, zavayAtrA gamana, citA kI bhasma evaM asthiyoM kA visarjana karanA, zoka nivAraNa karanA, snAna karAnA, mRtaka ko sajAnA aadi| ina kRtyoM ko kisa dina kiyA jaae| isa viSaya meM bhinnatA hai| kucha vidhAna jaise-putalA banAnA, upakaraNa rakhanA, zarIra zuddhi karake ghara lauTanA, tIsare dina jinadarzana karanA, guru mahArAja kA upadeza sunanA Adi. zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI pracalita haiN| kucha kriyAe~ jaise - homa karanA, anustaraNI-kriyA, vidhavA kA citA para leTanA, preta nivAraNa, udakakarma, zAntikarma, piNDadAna, sapiNDIkaraNa Adi vaidika paramparA ke hI aMgabhUta haiM, zvetAmbara meM ina vidhiyoM kA koI astitva nahIM hai| isake atirikta sabase mahat antara zava kriyA ko lekara parilakSita hotA hai| zvetAmbara matAnusAra gRhastha zrAvaka ke lie agni saMskAra kA hI prAvadhAna hai| hA~, jaina muniyoM ke lie jaMgala meM jAkara pariSThApita karane (chor3a dene) kI bAta avazya kahI gaI hai| jaina zAstroM meM isa kriyA ke spaSTa pramANa bhI milate haiN| vahA~ isa kriyA ko 'mahApariSThApanikAvidhi' ke nAma se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| prAcInakAla meM yaha paripATI maujUda bhI thii| 14vIM zatI ke anantara jaina muniyoM ke lie agni saMskAra kI prathA zurU huI hai / suspaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM gRhastha ke lie agni saMskAra hI Avazyaka batAyA hai| muniyoM ke lie agni saMskAra evaM pariSThApana- donoM vidhAna vihita haiN| kevala AcAradinakara meM do varSa kI Ayu se kama bAlaka ke lie bhUmi saMskAra karane kA nirdeza hai, jabaki vaidika paramparA meM bhUmi nikhAta, jala nikhAta, agni saMskAra, gaDDhA nikhAta, jaMgala meM chor3a denA Adi vividha praNAliyA~ pracalita rahI haiN| upasaMhAra yadi hama antyeSTi saMskAra kA samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se Akalana kareM, to yaha sunizcita hotA hai ki antya saMskAra AdhyAtmika ArohaNa kI preraNA pradAna karatA hai| bhale hI vaidika paramparA ke vidhi-vidhAna bhautikatA evaM mRtaka kI sAMsArika sukha-suvidhAoM se sambandha rakhate hoM, parantu isa saMskAra kI preraNA meM zAzvata tattva nihita haiN| isa saMskAra ke mAdhyama se yaha udbodha diyA jAtA hai ki jIvana kA antima atithi mRtyu hai / vaha samasta vizva kA niyantA hai, ata: prasannacitta

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antya saMskAra vidhi kA zAstrIya svarUpa ...329 se mRtyu ko svIkAra kreN| vizva ke samasta sambandha anitya haiN| AtmA sadaiva ajara aura amara hai, isIlie kisI ke lie zoka karanA vyartha hai| priyajana ke viraha se utpanna hone vAlA zoka mohajanya hai, zoka kA tyAga karanA caahie| isa saMskAra kI prArambhika kriyAoM dvArA yaha zikSA dI jAtI hai ki yaha zarIra nAzavAna hai, isase AtmA kA hita sAdhana karanA yahI vAstavika buddhimAnI hai| samaya amUlya hai, isakA upayoga mRtyu ke pUrvakAla taka hI saMbhava hai| mRtyu prApta vyakti ke dvArA bhI yaha preraNA milatI hai ki samasta sambandha kAlpanika hai| yaha vinAzazIla zarIra nitya avinAzI AtmA se dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| pati-patnI, pitA-putra ityAdi kA sambandha thor3e samaya ke lie hai| kisI ke abhAva meM kisI kA kArya avarUddha nahIM hotaa| saMcaya, vAsanA, anIti, tRSNA, dveSa, ahaMkAra - ye saba nirarthaka haiN| paramArtha, saMyama, sevA, jJAna, dharma Adi hI zubha kRtya haiN| dUsaroM kI mRtyu dekhakara apanI mRtyu ke lie bhI sajaga bana jaaeN| zarIra ko nazvara samajhakara AtmotthAna meM zIghrAtizIghra pravRtta ho jaaeN| isa prakAra antyeSTi saMskAra ke mAdhyama se bahuta-sI lAbhadAyI preraNAe~ samprApta hotI haiN| __adhyAhArata: yaha saMskAra hameM asalI bodha detA hai| zarIra kA dharma kyA hai? saMsAra kA svarUpa kyA hai? pArivArika sambandhoM kA AdhAra kyA hai? kauna kisake lie jItA hai? sabhI koI svArthapUrti hetu eka-dUsare se baMdhe hue haiM, ityAdi AdhyAtmika vicAroM ko prakaTa karatA hai, zarIra evaM parivAra ke svArthI sambandhoM se Upara uThane ko utprerita karatA hai tathA antatogatvA carama lakSya(mokSa) kI prApti karavAne meM bhI nimittabhUta bana sakatA hai, ataeva ise saMskAra kI upAdeyatA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| sandarbha-sUcI . 1. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 300-301 2. AcAradinakara, pR. 68-72 3. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 312-13 4. AcAradinakara, pR. 72 5. vahI, pR. 72 6. jainasaMskAravidhi, anu.-paM. manasukhalAla nemacaMda, pR. 222 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( vijayodayA TIkA ), 230/444/20

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330...jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 8. prAyazcittasaMgraha, zlo. 353 9. jayasena pratiSThApATha, zlo. 258 10. anagAradharmAmRta, 5/34 11. mokSapAhuDa, gA. 48 kI TIkA 12. jinabhASita, mArca-2006, pR.16 13. vahI, pR. 16 14. AcAradinakara, pR. 72 15. jainasaMskAravidhi, pR. 96 16. vahI, pR. 68 17. vidhimArgaprapA, pR. 76 18. vidhimArgaprapA, pR. 77-76 19. (ka) AcAradinakara, pR. 71-72 (kha) vidhimArgaprapA, pR. 77 20. AcAradinakara, pR. 72 21. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 311 22. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 4/1 23. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 313 24. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 4 25. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 3/10/8 26. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 316 27. baudhAyanadharmasUtra, 1/8/3-5 28. pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 3/10/38 29. pAraskarasmRti, 3/1-2 30. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 4/5 31. baudhAyanadharmasUtra, 1/14/1 32. AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra, 4/5 33. hindUsaMskAra, pR. 335-36 34. SoDazasaMskAravivecana, pR. 12-7 35. vahI, pR. 12-10 36. vahI, pR. 13-9, 13-11

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sahAyaka grantha sUcI grantha kA nAma lekhaka/saMpAdaka prakAzaka atharvaveda saMpA. esa.pI.paMDita barlina, muMbaI 1856 (sAyaNabhASyasahita) 2 abhidhAnarAjendrakoza AcArya rAjendrasUri abhidhAnarAjendra koza saMsthA 1986 (bhA. 1-7) ahamadAbAda 3 | AcAradinakara(bhA. 1-2) AcArya vardhamAnasUri nirNayasAgara mudrAlaya, muMbaI 1922 4 | AcAradinakara(bhA. 1-2) AcArya vardhamAnasUri |jasavaMtalAla giradharalAlazAha |1981 dozIvADAnI pola, ahamadAbAda 5 | AdipurANa (bhA. 1-2) |jinasenAcArya, anu.DaoN.pannAlAla jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 18 insTrITyUzanala eriyA, 2000 lodI roDa, naI dillI 6| AzvalAyanagRhya sUtram |AzvalAyana praNIta |siviluisa sAheba vApTiSTha |1869 mizana presa 7| uttarapurANa (bhA. 1-2) |anu.DaoN.pannAlAla jaina| bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 2000 naI dillI 8| aupapAtikasUtra saMpA. madhukaramuni |Agama prakAzana samiti, |1992 byAvara 9| kalpasUtra vinayasAgarajI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 1984 jayapura |10| khAdiragRhyasUtram saMpA. mahAdeva zAstrI gavarnamenTa brAMca presa, maisUra |1913 11 | gobhilagRhyasUtram gobhila praNIta zrI vATiSTha mizana presa |1869 candrakAMta tarkAlaMkArakRta bhASya sahitam |12| gautamadharmasUtra ela.zrI nivAsAcArya garvamenTa brAMca presa, maisUra 1917 13 | jinaratnakoza (bhA.-1) haridAmodara velakara bhaNDArakara oriyanTala 1946 risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA

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332... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kra. grantha kA nAma lekhaka/saMpAdaka prakAzaka |14 |jainendrasiddhAMtakoza jinendravarNI bhAratIya jJAnapITha 1970 (bhA. 1-4) prakAzana, naI dillI 15 |jaina sAhitya kA bRhad dalasukha mAlavaNiyA | pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, 1993 / itihAsa (1-5) vArANasI 16 |jaina saMskAra vidhinAthUlAla jaina zAstrI | vIra nirvANa grantha prakAzana |2000) samiti, gommaTagiri, indaura 17 |jaina saMskAra vidhi |paM. manasukhalAla nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI 1907 nemacaMdra 18 |tattvArtharAjavArtika pro.mahendrakumAra jaina | bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1993 (bhA. 1-2) naI dillI 19 | dharmazAstra kA itihAsa |DaoN.pAMDuraMgavAmana kANe | uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, 1992 | (bhA. 1-4) mahAtmA gA~dhI mArga, lakhanaU |20 |dharmAmRta anagAra paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1977 naI dillI 21 |dharmAmRta sAgAra paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1944 |22 pAraskaragRhyasUtram karka upAdhyAya, | meDikala hAlAkhya yantrAlaye 1952 (bhASya catuSTaya saha) |jayarAmAcArya, kAzI 23 |pAraskaragRhyasUtra harihara gadAdharakRta caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, (bhASya sahita) banArasa |24 |praznavyAkaraNasUtra AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, 1989 (aMgasuttANi) lADanUM 25 |bIsa smRtiyA~(bhA. 1-2)| paM.rAmazarmA AcArya saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA 1993 kutuba vedanagara, barelI 26 |bodhAyanagRhyasUtra bodhAyana praNIta garvamenTa brAMca presa, maisUra |1904 27 bodhAyanadharmasUtram maharSi bodhAyana racita | vidyAnidhi prakAzana, (vivaraNa vRtti sahita) vRtti-govindasvAmIkRta | dillI-94 28 |bhagavatIsUtra Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara

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prayukta grantha sUcI ...333 varSa kra. grantha kA nAma lekhaka/saMpAdaka prakAzaka 29 | bhagavatIsUtra(aMgasuttANi) A.mahAprajJa |jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, 1983 lADanUM 30 | manusmRti(bIsasmRtiyA~) |paM.rAmazarmA AcArya |saMskRti saMsthAna, khvAjA |1993 kutuba vedanagara, barelI 31 yajurveda saMhitA anu.Ara.TI.eca. lAjarasa, banArasa 1899 griphitha 32 yajJopavIta saMskAra kSullaka jJAnasAgara . | zrI gopAla di.jaina siddhAMta vidyAlaya morenA(gvAliyara) 33 | yajJoM evaM saMskAroM para | rA.rAjamana sTAra pablikezaMsa prA.li. 1991 eka dRSTikoNa 4/5 bI Asapha alI roDa, naI dillI 34 yAjJavalkyasmRti paM.zrIrAmazarmA saMskRti saMsthAna khvAjA 1993 kutuba, vedanagara, barelI 35 rAjapraznIyasUtra saMpA. madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, 1991| byAvara 36 vivAha pro.premasumana jaina zrIkundakunda bhAratInyAsa, 1999 18bI naI dillI 37 vidhimArgaprapA AcArya jinaprabhasUri prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, |2000 jayapura 38 vidhimArgaprapA anu.saumyaguNAzrI | mahAvIrasvAmI jaina derAsara, 2005 pAyadhunI, muMbaI 39 | vIramitrodaya saMskAra ma. mitrAmizra caukhambA saMskRta buka Dipo,1898 (bhA. 1-2) banArasa |40 zuklayajurvedinAmupayana | zrI rAmadatta viracita khemarAja zrI kRSNadAsa 11816 saMskAra veMkaTezvara, chApAkhAnA bambaI 41 SoDazasaMskAra DaoN. bodhakumAra jhA haMsA prakAzana, 57 nATANI 1997 (eka vaijJAnika vivecana) bhavana cAMdapola bAjAra, jayapura

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334... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana varSa / kra. grantha kA nAma lekhaka/saMpAdaka prakAzaka 42 SoDaza saMskAra vidhi |paM.bhImasena zarmA mainejara brahmapresa, iTAvA 1926 |43 SoDaza saMskAra vivecana |paM. zrI rAmazarmA |akhaNDajyoti saMsthAna, 1995 mathurA 44 |sanAtana SoDaza saMskAra | kRSNAnaMda zAstrI | bhAratIya saMskRta bhavana, 1999 vidhi mAI hIrA geTa, jAlandhara zahara 45 |saMskAra ratnamAlA gopInAthabhaTTI caukhambA saMskRta buka Dipo,1898 banArasa 46 |saMskAra mayUkha: nIlakaNThabhaTTa praNIta | kRSNadAsa akAdamI,po.bA.naM|1985 saMpA.paM.naraharizAstrI | 1118, vArANasI 47 saMskAra aMka kalyANa gItApresa, gorakhapura 48 |saMskRta hindI koza vAmanazivarAmaoNpTe | bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, 1999 vArANasI 49 zrAddhasaMskAra kumudenduH amRtalAla amaracaMda |baMsIlAla kocara,sTezana ke 1954 (pUrvArddha) sAmane, hiMgaTaghATa 50 zrAvakAcArasaMgraha paM.hIrAlAla jaina zAstrI jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, 1988 | solApura 51 harivaMzapurANa anu.DaoN.pannAlAla jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha naIdillI 1999 2006 |52 harivaMzapurANa DaoN.rAmamUrti caudharI | eka sAMskRtika adhyayana 53 hindUsaMskAra DaoN.rAjavalI pANDeya |sulabha prakAzana,17 azoka |1989 mArga, lakhanaU caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, 1995 po.bA.naM.-1069, vArANasI jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, vi.saM. lADanUM Agama prakAzana samiti, 1981 byAvara 54 |jJAtAdharmakathA(aMgasuttANi A.mahAprajJa 2049 55 |jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra saMpA. madhukaramuni

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sajjanamaNi granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita sAhitya kA saMkSipta sUcI patra kra. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. nAma sajjana jina vandana vidhi sajjana sadjJAna pravezikA sajjana pUjAmRta (pUjA saMgraha ) sajjana vaMdanAmRta (navapada ArAdhanA vidhi) sajjana arcanAmRta (bIsasthAnaka tapa vidhi) sajjana ArAdhanAmRta (navvANu yAtrA vidhi) sajjana jJAna vidhi paMca pratikramaNa sUtra tapa se sajjana bane vicakSaNa sajjana sadjJAna sudhA caubIsa tIrthaMkara caritra (aprApya ) sAdhvI maNiprabhAzrI (cAturmAsika parva evaM tapa ArAdhanA vidhi) sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI maNimaMthana sajjana gIta guMjana (aprApya) darpaNa vizeSAMka vidhimArgaprapA (sAnuvAda) jaina vidhi-vidhAnoM ke tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kA zodha prabandha sAra jaina vidhi vidhAna sambandhI sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM le./saMpA./anu. sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina gRhastha ke vratAropaNa sambandhI saMskAroM kA prAsaMgika anuzIlana jaina muni ke vratAropaNa sambandhI vidhi-vidhAnoM kI traikAlika upayogitA, navyayuga ke saMdarbha meM jaina muni kI AcAra saMhitA kA sarvAGgINa adhyayana sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI sAdhvI priyadarzanAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI zaziprabhAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI mUlya sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga sadupayoga 50.00 200.00 100.00 150.00 100.00 150.00

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336... jaina gRhastha ke solaha saMskAroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI jaina muni kI AhAra saMhitA kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI 22. 23. padArohaNa sambandhI vidhiyoM kI maulikatA, Adhunika pariprekSya meM Agama adhyayana kI maulika vidhi kA zAstrIya anuzIlana 24. 25. 26. 27. sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI 34. hindU mudrAoM kI upayogitA, cikitsA evaM sAdhanA ke saMdarbha meM sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI bauddha paramparA meM pracalita mudrAoM kA rahasyAtmaka parizIlana yaugika mudrAe~, mAnasika zAnti kA eka sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI saphala prayoga sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI sAdhvI saumyaguNAzrI 228286 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 35. 36. 88888 tapa sAdhanA vidhi kA prAsaMgika anuzIlana, AgamoM se aba taka prAyazcittavidhi kA zAstrIya paryavekSaNa vyAvahArika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke saMdarbha meM 38. 39. SaDAvazyaka kI upAdeyatA, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika saMdarbha meM pratikramaNa, eka rahasyamayI yoga sAdhanA pUjA vidhi ke rahasyoM kI mUlyavattA, manovijJAna evaM adhyAtma ke saMdarbha meM pratiSThA vidhi kA maulika vivecana Adhunika saMdarbha meM 37. Adhunika cikitsA meM mudrA prayoga kyoM, kaba aura kaise ? mudrA yoga eka anusaMdhAna saMskRti ke Aloka meM nATya mudrAoM kA manovaijJAnika anuzIlana jaina mudrA yoga kI vaijJAnika evaM Adhunika samIkSA sajjana tapa pravezikA zaMkA navi citta dharie 100.00 100.00 150.00 100.00 100.00 150.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 50.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 150.00 50.00 50.00 100.00 50.00

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nAma mAtA-pitA janma dIkSA dIkSA nAma guruvaryyA adhyayana viziSTatA vidhi saMzodhikA kA aNu paricaya tapArAdhanA DaoN. sAdhvI saumyaguNA zrIjI (D.Lit.) : nAraMgI urpha nizA : vimalAdevI kesarIcaMda chAjeDa : zrAvaNa vadi aSTamI, san 1971 gar3ha sivAnA : vaizAkha sudI chaTTa, san 1983, gar3ha sivAnA : saumyaguNA zrI : pravarttinI mahodayA pa. pU. sajjana zrIjI ma. sA. racita, anuvAdita : tIrthaMkara caritra, sadjJAnasudhA, maNimaMthana, anuvAda-vidhimArgaprapA, paryuSaNa evaM sampAdita pravacana, tatvajJAna pravezikA, sajjana gIta guMjana (bhAga : 1-2) sAhitya vicaraNa : jaina darzana meM AcArya, vidhimArgaprapA grantha para Ph.D. kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, naMdIsUtra Adi Agama kaMThastha, hindI, saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI bhASAoM kA samyak jJAna / : rAjasthAna, gujarAta, baMgAla, bihAra, madhyapradeza, uttara pradeza, karnATaka, tamilanADu, thalIpradeza, AMdhrapradeza, chattIsagar3ha, jhArakhaNDa, mahArASTra, mAlavA, mevAr3a / : saumya svabhAvI, mitabhASI, kokila kaMThI, sarasvatI kI kRpApAtrI, svAdhyAya nimagnA, guru nizrArata / : zreNItapa, mAsakSamaNa, cattAri aTTha dasa doya, gyAraha, aTThAI bIsasthAnaka, navapada olI, vardhamAna olI, pakhavAsA, Der3ha mAsI, do mAsI Adi aneka tapa /

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sajjana ciMtana kI sunaharI buMdeM bhAratIya saMskRti meM saMskAroM kA mahattva kyA hai? *saMskAra aura saMskRti meM kyA saMbaMdha hai? mAnava vikAsa meM SoDaza saMskAro kI kyA bhUmikA hai? Agama yuga meM saMskAroM kA ullekha milatA hai yA nahIM? *jaina paramparA meM solaha saMskAroM kA maulika svarUpa kyA hai? garbhAdhAna Adi saMskAroM meM samAhita vaijJAnika rahasya? AdhyAtmika utthAna meM saMskAra vidhAna kisa prakAra sahayogI hai? vartamAna jIvanazailI meM saMskAra vidhAna prayojanabhUta hai yA nahIM? * mRtyu kA samAveza saMskAroM meM kyoM? FACLUS SINGAAV SAJJANMANI GRANTHMALA Website : www.jainsajjanmani.com, E-mail : vidhiprabha@gmail.com ISBN 978-81-910801-6-2 (IDI