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________________ mahAvIra smRtigrantha bhagavAna mahAvIra LTA HILLARIES A zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti uttara pradeza For Private & Personal use only
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________________ UPIDOG JUUUUUUU tIrthaMkara mahAvIra
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________________
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha pradhAna sampAdaka : DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina lakhanaU saMpAdaka maNDala : paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI 'siddhAntAcArya', vArANasI adhiSThAtA syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, saMpAdaka 'jainasandeza' zrI javAhara lAla loDhA, saMpAdaka 'zvetAmbara jaina', AgarA zrI zaradakumAra 'sAdhaka', saMpAdaka 'caurAhA', vArANasI DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, saMpAdaka 'zramaNa', vArANasI prakAzaka : zrI zazibhUSaNa zaraNa saciva, zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza
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________________ * bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha Bhagwan Mahavira Smriti Granth pradhAna sampAdaka : DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina * prathama praveza : dIpAvalI ma0ni0 saM0 2501 3 navambara, 1975 * mUlya : pacAsa rupaye * prakAzaka : zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, lakhanaU prApti-sthAna : zrI ajita prasAda jaina upa saciva, zrI ma0ni0 samiti, u0 pra0, pArasa sadana, Aryanagara, lakhanaU-226004 * mudraka : jaya mAM priMTiMga presa, jana priMTiMga presa evaM sAhu ArTa priMTarsa, lakhanaU
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________________ sarvodaya-tIrtha-kA mahAvIra sarvAMpadAmantakaraM nirantaM 'sarvodayaM' tIrthamidaM tavaiva -samantabhadrAcAryaH
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________________
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________________ prakAzakIya vaktavya zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza kI yaha AkAMkSA rahI ki ahiMsA ke mahAna praNetA bhagavAna mahAvIra ko zraddhA ke aise sumana arpita kiye jA~ya jo upayogI evaM sthAyI ho sakeM / usI ke phalasvarUpa prastuta 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' kA prakAzana sulabha huA / isa grantha ke nirmANa meM jina manISI vidvAnoM kA sahayoga rahA hai, unake prati samiti AbhArI hai / isa grantha kI rUparekhA aura vyavasthA evaM sampAdaka ke samasta dAyitva kA jaina saMskRti ke pratiSThita vidvAna vidyAvAridhi DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina ne jisa yogyatA evaM kuzalatA se nirvAha kiyA hai aura isake lie jo athaka parizrama unhoMne kiyA hai usake lie samiti unakI hRdaya se AbhArI hai / grantha meM sAta khaNDa haiM / prathama khaNDa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sUktiyA~ evaM upadeza sarala anuvAda sahita saMkalita haiM, jisase ki jijJAsu unakA artha saralatA se hRdayaMgama kara sakeM / dvitIya khaNDa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti meM racita stotra evaM stavana kAlakramAnusAra diye gaye haiM / tRtIya khaNDa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai, unakI upalabdhiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, aura unakI dharma vyavasthA kI pramukha vizeSatAoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / caturtha khaNDa meM jaina darzana, sAhitya evaM saMskRti para vividha sAragarbhita lekha diye gaye haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ahiMsA ke mahAna praNetA the aura unake anuyAyiyAM ke lie Aja bhI mAMsAhAra sarvathA varjita evaM agrAhya hai, ataH paMcama khaNDa meM zAkAhAra kA vaijJAnika vivecana kiyA gayA hai / SaSThama khaNDa meM uttara pradeza meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa krama, purAtatva, kalAvaibhava, sAhitya evaM samAja ke viSaya meM upayogI sAmagrI isa prakAra saMkalita kI gaI hai ki jijJAsu eka hI sthAna para isa pradeza meM jaina dharma kI avasthA aura jaina samAja ke kRtitva kA paricaya prApta kara sake / antima khaNDa meM zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, ke kAryakalApoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai /
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________________ sampUrNa grantha kA niyojana isa prakAra kiyA hai ki vaha jijJAsu ke lie upayogI, pAThaka ke lie sahaja, evaM zodhakartA ke lie lAbhadAyaka sAmagrI kA kArya kara sake / samiti ko santoSa hai ki yaha vRhatkArya ardha-dvisahasrAbdi samAroha ke samApana ke avasara para pUrNa ho sakA hai / mujhe AzA hai ki pAThakavRnda ko hamArA yaha prayAsa rucikara hogaa| dIpAvalI, mahAvIrAbda 2501 3 navambara, 1975 I0 -zazi bhUSaNa zaraNa saciva, zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza
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________________ saMpAdakIya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava ko pUre eka varSa (1974-75) paryanta samucita rUpa se manAne hetu antarrASTrIya, rASTrIya, rAjakIya, saMbhAgIya evaM sthAnIya staroM para aneka saMgaThana bane, nAnA yojanAeM banIM aura alpAdhika aMzoM meM kAryAnvita bhI huiiN| uttara pradeza meM bhI rAjya stara para eka 'zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti kA gaThana huaa| ukta samiti kI eka yojanA nirvANa varSa ke samApana para eka upayukta grantha prakAzita karane kI thI, jisakA dAyitva mujhe sauMpA gyaa| mere sahayoga ke lie cAra variSTha vidvAna sAhityakAroM evaM anubhavI patrakAroM kA eka saMpAdaka maMDala bhI gaThita kiyA gyaa| merA prayatna rahA hai ki smRti grantha meM Thosa evaM sthAyI mahattva kI sAmagrI yathAsaMbhava paryApta rahe, jisase ki vaha eka sAmayika prakAzana mAtra na raha jAya, apitu prabuddha pAThakoM ke lie paThanIya, upAdeya evaM saMgrahaNIya ho| isa uddezya kI pUrti meM yaha 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' kahAM taka saphala rahA hai, isakA nirNaya to vijJa pAThaka evaM samIkSakasamAlocaka hI kreNge| itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki usake lie samaya, zrama aura sAvadhAnI meM apane jAnate koI kotAhI nahIM kI gayI hai| tathApi, grantha meM aneka prakAra kI truTiyA~ rahI ho sakatI haiM, unake lie meM sahRdaya pAThakoM evaM samIkSakoM se savinaya kSamAprArthI huuN| 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' ke pradhAna saMpAdaka ke rUpa meM merA yaha sukhada kartavya hai ki maiM una sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ke prati apanI hAdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karU jinhoMne pratyakSa yA parokSa, kisI bhI rUpa maiM usake Ayojana, nirmANa, mudraNa, prakAzana Adi meM yoga diyA hai| samiti ke saMrakSaka mahAmahima rAjyapAla DA0 ema0 cennA reDDI aura adhyakSa, rAjya ke yazasvI mukhyamaMtrI mAnanIya zrI hemavatI nandana bahuguNA kA saMrakSakatva evaM kRpAdRSTi samiti tathA usakI yojanAoM para nirantara banI rahI hai| samiti ke kAryAdhyakSa evaM rAjya ke uccazikSA mantrI mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka se grantha ke kArya ke lie preraNA, protsAhana evaM mArgadarzana bhI samaya-samaya para milatA rahA hai| samiti ke upAdhyakSa zrI lakSmIramaNa AcArya evaM samiti ke sabhI sadasyoM se protsAhana evaM sahayoga milA hai / samiti ke saciva,
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________________ jo uttara pradeza rAjya ke zikSA vibhAga ke bhI Ayukta evaM saciva haiM, aura isa grantha ke prakAzaka haiM, satat preraNAstrota evaM pathapradarzaka rahe haiN| jaba jo kaThinAI sAmane AI, unhoMne use sarala kiyaa| unake praur3ha anubhava, suruci evaM dilacaspI kA lAbha prApta hone se grantha kA prakAzana isa rUpa meM saMbhava huA hai / samiti ke parama utsAhI upasaciva, zrI ajita prasAda jaina se to sabhI prakAra kI sahAyatA evaM sakriya sahayoga paga-paga para prApta hue haiN| jina pUjya saMtoM evaM netA mahAnubhAvoM ke AzIrvAda, sandeza aura zraddhAMjaliyA~ prApta haI haiM, jina vidvAna lekhakoM kI amUlya racanAeM smRti grantha ke lie prApta huI haiM, athavA jinake lekhoM yA lekhAMzoM kA isameM cayana kiyA gayA hai, una sabakA tathA una pustakoM evaM patra-patrikAoM Adi ke lekhakoM, saMpAdakoM va prakAzakoM kA bhI, jinase ukta cayana kiye gaye haiM, maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| lakhanaU tathA mathurA ke rAjya saMgrahAlayoM ke nidezakoM se tathA anya saMsthAoM yA sajjanoM se isa grantha meM prakAzanArtha jo citra Adi prApta hue haiM, unakA bhI maiM kRtajJa huuN| jina saMsthAoM evaM saMsthAnoM ne zubhakAmanA saMdeza bhejane kI kRpA kI hai, ve bhI dhanyavAdAha haiN| anta meM, maiM apane sahayogI, saMpAdaka maMDala ke sammAnanIya sadasyoM kA AbhArI hU~, jinase mujhe samaya-samaya para parAmarza, mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga milA hai| grantha jaisA bhI kucha bana par3A hai, vaha uparokta sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ke sahayoga kA phala hai, usakI truTiyoM kA dAyitva saMpAdaka para hai, kintu vibhinna lekhoM meM vyakta vicAroM ke lie saMpAdaka uttaradAyI nahIM hai| -jyoti prasAda jaina jyoti nikuJja, cArabAga, lakhanaU-226001 mahAvIra nirvANotsava 2501 (3-11-1975)
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________________ viSaya-krama prakAzakIya vaktavya sampAdakIya sandeza-zubhakAmanAeM-zraddhAMjaliyA~ khaNDa-1 pRSTha mahAvIra vacanAmRta 1-20 1-48 khaNDa-2 mahAvIra stavana [a] prAkRta pATha : 1-ajJAta 2-guNadharAcArya 3-yajurveda 4-majjhima nikAya 5-kundakundAcArya 6-nirvANa bhakti 7-mUlAcAra 8-anuyoga dvAra 6-nandIsUtra 10-sUtrakRtAMga 11-bhagavatIsUtra 12-yativRSabhAcArya 13-jayadhavala 14-kalpasUtra 15-nemicandra / [ba] apabhraMza pATha: 1-puSpadanta 2-yaza:kIti 3-zrIdhara 4-raIdhu 5-jayamitra halla 6-kalyANa vijaya [sa] saMskRta pATha : 1-svAmI samantabhadra 2-siddhasenAcArya 3-pUjyapAdAcArya 4-altema zilAlekha 5-sUtrakRtAMga TIkA 6-dhanaMjaya 7-suprabhAta stotra 8-raviSeNAcArya 6-jinasenAcArya 10-haribhadra sUri 11-vidyAnanda svAmI 12-guNabhadrocArya 13-asaga 14-devanandi 15-prabhAcandra 16-vAdIbhasiMha 16-hemacandrAcArya 18-dAmanandi 16-mAghanandi 20-AzAdhara 21-sakalakIti 22-bhAgendu 23-jJAnasAgara 24-jJAnamatI mAtAjI 25-ajJAta [6] bhASA stutiyAM : 1-zubhacandra bhaTTAraka 2-bhUdharadAsa 3-dyAnatarAya 4-navala zAha 5-manaraMgalAla 6-vRndAvanadAsa 7-daulatarAma 8-nayanAnanda 6-mAnikacandra 10-mahAcanda 11-campAdevI 12-jinacanda yati 13-kumuda 14-nyAmata siMha 'dAsa'
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________________ pRSTha 15-nAthUrAma 'premI' 16-jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' 17-upAdhyAya amara muni 18-zrIlAla paMDita 16-makkhanalAla nyAyAcArya 20-AcArya tulasI gaNi 21-ajJAta 22-rAmacarita upAdhyAya 23-zivasiMha cauhAna 'guMjana' 24-mukula 25-prabhAkara mAcave 26-rAmakRSNa 'mujtara' kAkoravI 27-vizvadeva zarmA 28-rAmakarana zuklA 26-anUpa zarmA 30-nirbhaya hAtharasI 31-zobhanAtha pAThaka 32-rameza raMjaka' 33-puSpendu 34-dhanyakumAra 'sudheza' 35-svarUpacandra 'saroja' 36-kalyANa kumAra 'zazi' 37-rAjendra kumAra 'kumareza' 38-kamala kumAra goyala 36-hIrAlAla 'kauzala' 40-ghAsIrAma 'candra' 41-prakAza candra 42-surendra sAgara pracaMDiyA 43-'tanmaya' bukhAriyA 44-tArAcandra 'premI' 45-candrakAnta 46-vIrendra prasAda jaina 47-nemicandra pATodiyA 45-prasanna kumAra seThI 46-hajArI lAla jaina 'kAkA' 50-indracandra zAstrI 51-vIrendra kumAra jaina 52-rameza rAyajAdA 53-'jyoti' khaNDa-3 mahAvIraH yuga, jIvana aura dena viSaya lekhaka orrm P moxor, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra mahAvIra kI vizeSatA __ mahAvIra yuga meM samAja aura dharma kI sthiti ... bhagavAna mahAvIra mAnava utkarSa kI UrjA ke saMvAhaka mahAvIra bhava-bhava kI sAdhanA yadi mahAvIra tIrthaMkara nahIM hote cintana ke jharokhe se ka mahAvIra kitane jJAta, kitane ajJAta 10 ahiMsA ke mUrta svarUpa 11 mahApuruSa mahAvIra 12 mahAvIra kI niSpakSatA kA eka prasaMga 13 jJAtaputra kI ajJAta sAdhanA 14 mahAvIra aura mUka jagata 15 bhagavAna mahAvIra-jIvana aura darzana 16 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA duHkha bodha 17 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra 18 samatA dharma ke prarUpaka-mahAvIra upAdhyAya muni vidyAnanda santa vinobA bhAve DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla zrI lakSmI candra jaina DA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina AcArya tulasI upAdhyAya amara muni zrI jamanAlAla jaina zrI rAma nArAyaNa upAdhyAya DA0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana zrI agaracandra nAhaTA, bIkAnera zrI dhanarAja zAmasukhA AcArya rajanIza muni zrI rAkeza kumAra DA0 harendra prasAda varmA paM0 becara dAsa dozI pro0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA RMANM
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________________ viSaya lekhaka sAdhvI aNimA zrI DA0 dharma candra zrI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' DA0 pradyumna kumAra jaina 16 samatvasraSTA bhagavAna mahAvIra 20 mahAvIra jIvana darzanaH eka mUlyAMkana 21 samagra krAnti ke dRSTA 22 mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana kA AdhAra vindu 23 duHkha aura sukha ke kAraNa 24 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para eka dRSTi 25 mahAvIra kI bhASA krAnti 26 mahAvIra nirvANa-kAla 27 mahAvIra ne kahA paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntAcArya byAvara DA0 nemicandra jaina DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina muni mahendra kumAra 'prathama' ... 1-68 1 m m khaNDa-4 jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana aura dharma siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAza candra zAstrI 2 jaina nyAya : saMkSipta vivecana DA. darabArIlAla koThiyA nyAyAcArya 3 gRhastha jIvana kA jaina Adarza DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina 4 zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNa / kavivara paM0 banArasIdAsa 5 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata paM0 sukhalAla jo asAmpradAyikatA kA mUlamaMtra anekAnta ... muni nathamala 7 mahAvIra aura ahiMsA--Aja ke pariprekSya meM ... padama vibhUSaNa DA0 daulatasiMha koThArI 8 vartamAna yuga meM mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI sArthakatA DA0 prabhAkara mAcave 6 rASTrIya ekatA ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yoga ... DA0 (zrImatI) kusumalatA jaina 10 mahAvIra kA dharma-janadharma zrI riSabhadAsa rAMkA 11 jaina darzana kI vyApakatA DA0 gokulacandra jaina 12 acchA hindU banane ke lie acchA jainI bananA Avazyaka hai zrI paripUrNAnanda varmA 13 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA AryikAratna jJAnamatI mAtAjI 14 mahAvIra kA naitikatA bodha DA0 kamalacandra sogAnI 15 jainadharma, mahAvIra aura nArI suzrI suzIlA kumArI vaida, ema.e. 16 sarvodayI jainadharma aura jAtivAda paM0 parameSThI dAsa jaina nyA0 tI0 17 badalate sAmAjika mUlyoM meM mahAvIra kI bhUmikA DA0 ummedamala munauta __ kyA mahAvIra kA yuga kabhI lauTegA DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI 16 bhAratIya vAstukalA ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yogadAna pro0 kRSNadatta bAjapeyI mm Mm 39 45-m * 18 or
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________________ viSaya 1 zAkAhAra banAma mAMsAhAra 2 zAkAhAra-tantra 3 prAkRtika bhojana zAkAhAra 4 vAstavika dayA aura ahiMsA hI zAkAhAra kA 13 aNDe kitane ghAtaka, kitane bhayAnaka 14 mAMsAhAra niSedhaka vizva-manISA sahI AdhAra 5 zAkAhArI siddhAnta ke vibhinna pakSa 6 maiM zAkAhArI kyoM huA ? 7 mAMsAhAra anivAryatA jaisI koI bAta nahIM 8 vaijJAnika dRSTi se hamArA AhAra 6 mAMsAhAra tyAga kA sAmAjika mUlya 10 mAMsAhAra kA duSpariNAma 11 machalI va mAMsa meM viSa 12 mAMsa bhakSaNa se haDDiyA~ kamajora hotI haiN| 15 zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA itihAsa 16 pazcimI dezoM meM zAkAhAra pracAra karane khaNDa - 5 zAkAhAra vAlI pramukha saMsthAeM 17 saMsAra ke vibhinna dezoM meM zAkAhAra pracAra 18 tAlikAeM : 3 saMtulita bhojana 1 - zAkAhAra evaM mAMsAhAra ke pauSTika tatvoM kI tulanAtmaka tAlikA (a) zAkAhArI khAdya (ba) mAMsAhArI khAdya 2- bhAratavAsiyoM ke lie vibhinna pauSTika tatvoM kI dainika AvazyakatA (a) vayaska puruSa kA saMtulita bhojana (ba) vayaska strI kA saMtulita bhojana (sa) kizorAvasthA vAle lar3ake va lar3akiyoM kA saMtulita bhojana (da) baccoM ke lie saMtulita bhojana 4- saMtulita bhojana, khAdya padArthoM kA prati auMsa saMvibhAga ::: lekhaka DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina DA0 indubhUSaNa jiMdala, ema. bI. bI. esa. zrI pratApa candra jaina kavirAja paM. ziva zarmA DA. je. ema. jassAvAlA mahAmahima dalAI lAmA zrI rAmezvara dayAla dube zrI javAhara lAla loDhA misa kaitharIna hilamaina DA. mohana borA DA. elegjeMDara hega jyophrI ela. rUDa 11 pRSTha 1-52 1 5 10 Tex W N N N GI 11 13 15 18 21 25 26 28 28 31 38 38 40 47 46 50 5.1
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________________ pRSTha 281-1 khaNDa-6 uttara pradeza aura jainadharma viSaya lekhaka 1 uttara pradeza meM jainadharma kA udaya aura vikAsa ... DA. jyoti prasAda jaina 2 uttara pradeza ke jaina tIrtha evaM sAMskRtika kendra (ka) tIrthaMkara janmabhUmiyAM (kha) anya kalyANaka kSetra (ga) tapobhUmiyAM evaM siddhabhUmiyAM (gha) bha0 mahAvIra ke vihAra sthala (ca) atizaya kSetra evaM kalAdhAma (cha) arvAcIna prasiddha jaina mandira 3 uttara pradeza ke jaina santa 4 uttara pradeza ke jaina sAhityakAra 5 uttara pradeza ke jaina patra aura patrakAra 6 uttara pradeza ke jaina svatantratA-senAnI 7 uttara pradeza kI jaina saMsthAe~ 8 uttara pradeza meM jainoM kI vartamAna sthiti zrI ramAkAnta jaina 6 uttara pradeza meM tIrthakara mahAvIra DA0 zazikAnta uttara pradeza ke utkIrNa lekha aura unakA mahatva zrI zailendra rastogI rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU kI mahAvIra pratimAe~ DA0 nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI 12 nIlAMjanA-nRtya paTa zrI vI0ena0 zrIvAstava 13 mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI kuSANakAlIna jaina mUrtiyA~ zrI rameza candra zarmA 14 uttara bhArata ke tIna prAcIna jainatIrtha muni jayAnanda vijaya svatantratA saMgrAma meM uttara pradeza ke jainoM kA yogadAna ... bA0 ratanalAla jaina vakIla 10 112 117 118 116 126 khaNDa-7 zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza samiti kA gaThana, kAryakalApa evaM upalabdhiyAM 1-32
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________________ citrAvali 1 AvaraNa evaM mukhapRSTha-lavaNazobhikA kA stUpAMkita AyAgapaTa (prathama zatI I0), kaMkAlI TIlA. mathurA 2 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra 3 sarvodaya-tIrtha-kartA mahAvIra 4 bhagavAna mahAvIra (garbhAvataraNa kI rAtri meM mAtA dvArA dekhe gaye solaha svapnoM ke aMkana shit| 5 tIrthakara kA triratnAdhArita zoDaSa-Araka dharmacakra arhat mahAvIra (7 vIM-8 vIM zatI I0), devagar3ha 7 yogIzvara varddhamAna mahAvIra 8 bhagavAna mahAvIra (guptakAlIna pratimA), kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA mAnastambha (176 jina-pratimAoM ke akana se yukta), devagar3ha 6-a 'pUrNabhadra' zailI kA jinamandira (naM0 28), gurjarapratihAra kAlIna, devagar3ha 10 AditIrthakara bha. RSabhadeva kI vizAlakAya pratimA, rAyagaMja maMdira, ayodhyA 11 tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA prAcIna mandira, zrAvastI 12 navIna sambhava-jinAlaya, zrAvastI 13 siMhadvAra, digambara bar3A mandira hastinApura 14 caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI ToMke, hastinApUra 15 jala-mandira, hastinApura / 16 mAnastaMbhayuta di. jaina mandira, hastinApUra 17 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha-mandira, ahicchatrA 18 'tikhAla vAle bAbA', ahicchavA 16 di0 jaina dharmazAlA, ahicchanA 20 kalApUrNa zikharayuta bar3A zAntinAtha jinAlaya, devagar3ha 21 mandira naM0 12 kA bhavya ardhamaNDapa, devagar3ha 22 premAliMgita yugma, navadhA bhakti (AhAra grahaNa karate muni), Adi drazyoM ke aMkanoM se yukta mandira naM0 12 ke pradakSiNApatha ke pravezadvAra kA dAMyA pakSa, devagar3ha 23 sahasrakUTa caitya. devagar3ha 24 kalApUrNa mAnastambha-zIrSa, devagar3ha 25 mAnastambha naM0 11 kA alaMkRta zIrSa bhAga, devagar3ha 26 kalpavRkSa ke nIce yugaliyA, devagar3ha 27 dharaNendra-padmAvatI, devagar3ha 28 bIsa-bhujA cakrezvarIdevI, devagar3ha 26 zucismitA, devagar3ha 30 kAyotsarga tIrthakara, devagar3ha
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________________ 31 bhagavAna bAhubali, devagar3ha 32 bha0 candranAtha-paMcatIrthI, devagar3ha 33 bhagavAna RSabhanAtha-tritIrthI, devagar3ha 34 caumukhA sahastrakaTa kalApUrNa mandira, bAnapura (ji. lalitapura) 35 dhAtumayI paMcatIrthI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU 36 diga0 jaina mandira, zrInagara (gar3havAla) 37 lekhAMkita 'cintAmaNi' pArzva:pratimA, rA0 saM0 lakhanaU 38 lekhayukta mahAvIra pratimA, mahobA, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 36 'vIranAtha'-paMcajinendra paTTa, zrAvastI, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 40 upAdhyAya parameSTi, devagar3ha 41 bhAratavarSa kI sarvaprAcIna sarasvatI-pratimA, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU 42 "devanirmita stUpa" lekhayuta munisuvrata-pratimA kI caraNacaukI, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU) 43 varddhamAna caturbimba, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA 44 "namo varddhamAna" lekhayuta AryAvatI (bhagavAna kI mAtA) kI pratimA, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, (rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU) 45 manojJa pratimA sarvatobhadrikA, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU (prApti sthAna eTA) 46 kalApUrNa bhAmaMDala se yukta tIrthaMkara pratimA, guptakAla, mathurA, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 47 vizvavizruta mahAvIra-pratimA, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 48 nIlAMjanA-nRtyapaTa (apUrNa), kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 46 nIlAMjanA nRtya evaM RSabha vairAgya paTa (pUrNa), kaMkAlI TIkA mathurA, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 50 jinamUrti yukta kuSANakAlIna AyAgapaTa, mathurA, rA0 saM0 lakhanaU 51 "namo mahAvIrasya" lekhayuta dharmacakrAMkita kuSANakAlIna AyAgapaTa, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU 52 aSTa-jinendra-stambha, ilAhAbAda, rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU 53 kRSNa-balarAma sahita neminAtha, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU 54 tIrthakara neminAtha ke pArzva meM kRSNa evaM balarAma, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, (rA0 saMgra0 lakhanaU) 55 di0 13-11-74 ko bAla-ravIndrAlaya lakhanaU meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa mahotsava ke avasara vizeSa DAka TikaTa kA prasAraNa karate hue kendrIya DAka upamantrI zrI jagannAtha pahAr3iyA tathA maMca para DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina, zrI chedIlAla sAthI, zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya, zrI zazi bhASaNa zaraNa tathA zrI rAjana, posTamAsTara janarala, u0 pra0 56 DAka TikaTa prasAraNa samAroha meM bhASaNa dete hue zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya, upAdhyakSa zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, u0 pra0 57 DAka TikaTa prasAraNa samAroha meM zrI ajita prasAda jaina (upa saciva) samiti ke kAryakalApa para prakAza DAlate hue 58 DAka TikaTa prasAraNa samAroha meM upasthita zrotAoM kA eka dRzya 56 di0 16-11-1675 ko lakhanaU ravIndrAlaya meM ahiMsA sammelana kA udghATana karate hue u0 pra0 ke rAjyapAla DA0 ema0 cennA reddddii| maMca para zrI ajita prasAda jaina, zrI zazibhaSaNa zaraNa (saciva).
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________________ ucca zikSA mantrI DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka tathA vidhAna sabhA ke adhyakSa zrI bAsudeva siMha 60 ahiMsA sammelana meM adhyakSIya bhASaNa dete hue DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka, ucca zikSA mantrI evaM kAryAdhyakSa-zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, u0 pra0 di0 26-26 akTUbara, 1675 ko ravIndrAlaya lakhanaU meM huI 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina vicAradhArA kA prabhAva' saMgoSThI kA eka dRzya / maMca para saMgoSThI ke saMyojaka DA. zazi kAnta, caturtha satra ke adhyakSa DA0 je0 DI0 zukla AI0 sI0 esa0 tathA saMgoSThI-samApanakartA vidyAvAridhi DA. jyoti prasAda jaina / kAnta bAla kendra kI adhyApikAeM bhAvanAgAna dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kara rahI haiN| 62 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina vicAradhArA kA prabhAva' saMgoSThI, lakhanaU ke zrotAoM kA eka dRzya 63 'hindI santa sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA yogadAna' saMgoSThI, najIbAbAda (21-23 akTUbara 1675)-maMca para haiM AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI (adhyakSa), DA0 premacandra jaina (saMyojaka), DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, DA. vijayendra snAtaka, paM0 narmadezvara caturvedI, Adi / 64 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vA~ nirvANa mahotsava samiti lakhanaU kI ora se dinAMka 14-11-1674 ko Ayojita janasabhA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko zraddhAMjali arpita karate hue pradeza ke sAmudAyika vikAsa mantrI zrI baladeva siMha Arya / maMca para haiM samiti ke mantrI zrI jinendra candra jaina, sabhA ke adhyakSa zrI mahAvIra prasAda zrIvAstava, samiti ke kAryAdhyakSa DA. jyoti prasAda jaina aura upAdhyakSa zrI amolaka canda nAhara /
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________________ hinululu sntaan miir
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________________
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________________ zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti ke svAnta meM jo bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha kI utkaNThA aMkurita huI hai, vaha abhinandanIya hai| bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra svAmI kI mahattA ko punaH punaH upayogI siddha karane ke lie vartamAna meM jo yaha Ayojana Ayojita kiyA hai vaha Ayojana vizva ke pratyeka jana mAnasa ko sparza karatA huA sambodhadAyI bane, yahI zubhecchA rakhatA huA maiM punaH punaH Apake prayAsoM kA Adara karatA hU~ aura vizva ke dig-diganta meM aparigraha, anekAnta aura ahiMsA kA Aloka ujjvala hotA rahe, aisI merI hArdika AkAMkSA hai| - AcArya vijaya samudra sUri bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharma ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa-rUpa hai| unhoMne dharma ko utkRSTa maMgala kI mAnyatA dii| unakI mAnyatA kisI paramparA ke AdhAra para nahIM, apanI anubhUti ke AdhAra para sthApita hai| jo vyakti isa maMgala ko svIkRta kara letA hai, usake lie dUsare saba maMgalAcaraNa gauNa ho jAte haiN| isa maMgala kI sarvotkRSTa upAsanA ke bAda vyakti ke jIvana meM kisI amaMgala kI sambhAvanA hI nahIM raha pAtI / ludhiyAnA 22-9-75 yaha dharma maMgala jaba taka pustakoM meM likhita hai, maMjUSAoM meM nihita hai aura vANI meM samuccArita hai, taba taka dravya maMgala hai / dravya maMgala, maMgala hone para bhI bhAva maMgala, vAstavika maMgala kI tulanA meM nahIM A sktaa| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne upAsanA aura kriyAkANDoM ko adhika mahatva na dekara AcaraNa para vizeSa bala diyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nirdAzata dharma kA AcaraNa hI unakI pUjA, upAsanA aura stavanA hai| unake dvArA dikhAe gae mArga para calane vAle vyakti hI unake prati saccI zraddhAMjali samarpita kara sakate haiM / - AcArya tulasI grIna hAusa, sI-skIma, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) -
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________________ jaina nagara, jagAdharI di0 17.9-75 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM uttara pradeza samiti bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti-grantha kA prakAzana kara rahI hai, yaha santoSa evaM prasannatA kI bAta hai| anya meM prakAzita sAmagrI paThanIya ho evaM prakAzana saphala ho aisA zubhAzIrvAda hai| -upAdhyAya muni vidyAnanda vIrAyatana rAjagRha (bihAra) dinAMka 15.9-75 usara pradeza Adi kAla se hI jaina saMskRti kA mahAna kendra rahA hai| jaina paramparA ke prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva, jo mAnava-sabhyatA ke Adi sraSTA evaM upadeSTA haiM, ayodhyA kSetra meM janma lete haiN| zrI zAnti, kunthu, ara--tIna cakravartI tIrthaMkaroM ko janmabhUmi hastinApura hai| yAdava-kula sUrya tIrthakara neminAtha ke janma se zaurIpura kSetra pAvana huA hai| arhanta pArzvanAtha kI janmabhUmi hone kA gaurava vArANasI ko prApta hai / do cAra udAharaNa kyA, uttara pradeza ke mathurA, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, ayodhyA, zrAvastI Adi aneka mahAnagaroM ke atIta meM jaina itihAsa ke anekAneka udabodhaka ghaTanAcitra dIptimAna haiN| itihAsa-daSTi ke aneka mahAna manISiyoM ke cintana meM, uttara pradeza (gorakhapura) ko pAvA hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vAstavika nirvANa bhUmi pramANita hotI hai / AcArya rakaMdila ke netRtva meM dvitIya Agama-vAcanA kA mathurA meM honA, pramANita karatA hai ki lambe samaya taka uttara pradeza jaina vAGamaya kA bhI lIlAkSetra rahA hai| astu zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti u0 pra0 dvArA prastAvita bhagavAna mahAvIra smRtigrantha kA maiM hRdaya se svAgata karatA hai| AzA hai, grantha dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lokamaMgalakArI saMdezoM ke pracAra-prasAra ke sAtha uttara pradeza se sambandhita jaina itihAsa kI aneka jJAta-ajJAta gAthAoM ko bhI pramANa puraHsara vyApaka rUpa meM ujAgara kiyA jaaygaa| phalataH uttara pradeza kI ora se ukta anya ke dvArA jaina-ajaina vidvAnoM evaM * jijJAsuoM ko eka cirasthitizIla cintana sAmagrI upalabdha hogii| -upAdhyAya amara muni
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________________ yaha jAnakara atyanta prasannatA hai ki uttara pradeza rAjakIya samiti dvArA 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRtigrantha' kA prakAzana ho rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza pratyeka jAti ke mAnava ke lie kalyANakArI hai| uttara pradeza bhArata rAjya kA sabase vistRta evaM bhAgyazAlI pradeza hai kyoMki aneka mahApuruSoM kA janma uttara pradeza meM huA hai aura unakI kIrti meM uttara pradeza kA raga-raga pavitra hai / maiM cAhatI hU~ ki pradeza kI rAjadhAnI lakhanaU bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana saMdezoM ko digdiganta meM prasArita karane ke lie Adarza svarUpa siddha ho-yahI merA zubha AzIrvAda hai| -AryikAratna jJAnamatI mAtAjI uttara pradeza ke vizAla bhU-bhAga ko prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra taka ke aneka tIrthaMkaroM kI pada-raja se pAvana hone kA samaya-samaya para saubhAgya prApta hotA rahA hai| isa bhU-bhAga ke pUrvI aMcala se pazcimI aMcala taka ke aneka nagara tathA dehAta apane meM jaina paramparA ke gaurava-pUrNa itihAsa ko antarbhAvita kiye hue haiN| pUrvI tathA uttarI aMcala ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI aneka jIvana-gAthAeM anubaddha haiM, ataeva rAjya prazAsana dvArA saMcAlita zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti ne 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke avasara para aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye haiN| yaha smRti-grantha usakI racanAtmaka zraddhAMjali hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra jyoti-puruSa the| unhoMne sAdhakoM ko vaha sambala pradAna kiye, jisase ve svayaM jyoti bane / sAdhakoM kI usa zrRMkhalA meM arjunamAlI, dRr3haprahArI tathA rohiNeya jaise AtatAyI va khyAtanAmA taskara bhI the, to pUNiye jaise garIba, candanA jaisI dAsI evaM harikezabala jaise antyaja bhI the| unake upadeza rAjAoM evaM zrImantoM taka hI sImita nahIM the, unakI samadarzitA meM saba ko samAna sthAna thaa| aise jyotipuruSa kA nirvANa mahotsava avazya hI janajana meM samatA kA utpreraka bnegaa| -muni mahendra kumAra 'prathama' * 15 akTUbara 1975 klkttaa|
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________________ X . Press Secretary to the President Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi-110004 October 15, 1975 satyameva jayate ___The President is glad to know from your letter of 6th October, 1975, that Shri Mahavir Nirvan Samiti, Uttar Pradesh, will bring out a Souvenir, 'Bhagwan Mahavir Smriti Granth', in Novenber, 1975. He Sends his best wishes for the success of your endeavour and hopes that the teachings of Mahavir will further inculcate the feelings of tolerance and good-will among the young generation. -A. M. Abdul Hamid uparASTrapati, bhArata naI dehalI akTUbara 10, 1975 RAMERA satyameva jayate mujhe prasannatA hai ki zrI bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsava ke eka varSIya kAryakrama ke samApana para 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' kA prakAzana kara rahI hai, jisameM jaina tatva darzana tathA saMskRti, kalA sambandhI vidvAnoM ke lekhoM ko saMgrahIta karake bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kA sArthaka prayAsa kiyA jaayegaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra eka mahAna mAnavatAvAdI mahApuruSa the, jinakI vANI meM samaSTigata prema kI pratiSThA-sAkAra hokara bhArata ke jana-mAnasa taka pahuMcI hai / ahiMsA, satya tathA aparigraha ke mUlyavAna Adarza vyakti, samAja, rASTra tathA samUcI mAnava jAti ke liye lAbhadAyaka evaM maMgalakArI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paccIsavIM nirvANa zatAbdI ke avasara para unake upadezoM ko mAnava samAja taka pahuMcAnA, eka sundara prayAsa hai| mujhe AzA hai ki ApakA yaha grantha isa dizA meM eka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA ke nirvAha meM saphala hogaa| isakI saphalatA ke liye merI zubha kAmanAyeM ! -ba0 dA0 jattI known.*
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________________ The Prime Minister thanks you for your letter and sends her good wishes for the Souvenir entitled 'Bhagwan Mahavir Smriti Granth' which you are planning to bring out on the 2500th Nirvan Anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavir on Diwali day this year. GOVERNOR UTTAR PRADESH Prime Minister's Secretariat New Delhi-110011 October 9/16, 1975 -M. S. Menon Additional P. S. to the Prime Minister of India. yaha bar3I prasannatA kI bAta hai ki zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara praveza, tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra kI puNya smRti meM 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRtigrantha' kA prakAzana isa avasara para kara rahI hai| rAja bhavana lakhanaU akTUbara, 18, 1975 bhagavAna mahAvIra hamAre deza kI aisI vibhUti the, jinake siddhAnta aura upadeza sArvakAlIna aura sArvajanIna haiN| maiM ahiMsA ke isa mahAna praNetA ko apanI zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hU~ aura Apake isa sAhityika prayAsa kA abhinandana karatA hU~ / -ma0 cennA reDDI
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________________ pradeza uttara ma sarakAra * mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI ki ahiMsA-dharma ke mahAna praNetA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500 nirvANa mahotsava manAye jAne ke liye mahAmahima rAjyapAla mahodaya kI saMrakSatA tathA mAnanIya mukhya maMtrIjI kI adhyakSatA meM zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai aura nirvANa mahotsava ke eka varSIya kAryakramoM kI samApti ke upalakSa meM dIpAvalI ke avasara para rAjya samiti eka bRhad smRtigrantha prakAzita karane jA rahI hai| yaha eka zubha prayAsa hai aura isakI maiM sarAhanA karatA hU~ / 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti prabhtha' kI saphalatA ke liye maiM zubhakAmanAeM bhejatA hUM / lakhanaU dinAMka 21 akTUbara, 1975 - vAsudeva siMha adhyakSa- vidhAna sabhA, uttara pradeza mujhe yaha jAnakara bar3I prasannatA hai ki zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, ahiMsA ke mahAna praNetA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke samApana para eka bRhad 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' kA prakAzana kara rahI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vyaktitva hamAre deza kI eka zAzvata vibhUti hai / unako karuNA prANI mAtra ke lie asIma thI / unakA lokopakArI saMdeza jana-jana meM phaile aura sabhI loga unake ahiMsA evaM zAnti ke mArga ko apanAveM, yahI merI kAmanA hai / Apake isa guru-gambhIra sAhityika prayAsa ke liye merA sAdhuvAda hai| lakhanaU akTUbara 19, 1975 - hemavatI nandana bahuguNA mukhyamantrI, uttara pradeza au
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________________ sira vidhAna bhavana lakhanaU 20 akTUbara, 1965 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI punIta smRti meM zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, dvArA eka bRhad 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' kA prakAzana eka abhinandanIya kArya hai / isa grantha meM vividha prakAra ko upayogI sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, jisake liye isake vidvAna sampAdaka sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiM / grantha kI khaNDa vyavasthA samIcIna hai / mahAvIra bacanAmRta meM jo uddharaNa saMkalita kiye gaye haiM ve sArabhUta haiM aura gambhIra cintana ko prerita karane meM sakSama haiN| uttara pradeza meM jainadharma eka prabhAvazAlI sthAna rakhatA hai / hama zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti kI ora se eka aisA Thosa kArya karane kI cintA meM the jisakA sthAyI mahatva ho sake / mujhe harSa hai ki isa grantha ke prakAzana dvArA hama eka sthAyI mahatva kA sAhityika kArya karane meM samartha hue haiN| -rAmajI lAla sahAyaka ucca zikSA maMtrI, uttara pradeza, tathA kAryAdhyakSa, zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, u0pra0
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________________ I offer my sincere felicitations to the Uttar Pradesh Shree Mahavir Nirvana Samiti on the auspicious occasion of the publication of 'Bhagwan Mahavir Smriti Grantha.' The publication would be of great value and very wide interest, and we are indebted to the renowned scholar Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain for his dedicated work in this connection. Today few things are more relevant and crucial to human progress than the path of AHIMSA illumined, practised and taught by Lord Mahavira. AHIMSA is a dynamic concept. New aspects and new applications are continually unfolding with man's earnest, ceaseless quest. The incomparable example of Mahatma Gandhi has added a dimension. His life was synonimous with pursuit of and 'experiments' in, non-violence and truth. It has reinforced to a degree unimaginable today mankind's strength and faith to follow the path of AHIMSA as a way of life. And every step, how so small or humble, by each one of us counts. Delhi October 2, 1975 r -D. S. Kothari
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________________ seTha acalasiMha, ema. pI. AgarA priya zrI jyoti prasAda jI, ApakA patra dinAMka 8 sitambara kA milA, dhanyavAda / mujhe yaha jAnakara prasannatA huI ki uttara pradeza mahAvIra nirvANa samiti zIghra hI eka 'bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti grantha' prakAzita karane jA rahI hai| merI isa zubhakArya ke lie zubhakAmanAeM svIkAra kreN| grantha ke mAdhyama se Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana aura siddhAntoM kA adhika se adhika pracAra evaM prasAra kara skeNge| AzA hai, Apake netRtva meM use upayogI banAne meM koI kamI na rahegI / svastha evaM sAnanda kI kAmanA hai / dinAMka 12-9-1975 ApakA - acalasiMha priya zrI jyoti prasAda jaina jo, ApakA dinAMka 7-10-75 kA patra milaa| Apane zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti uttara pradeza dvArA prakAzita kiye jAne vAle 'bhagavAna mahavIra smRti grantha' ke sambandha meM jo saMdeza mAMgA hai, usake lie dhanyavAda / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva tatkAlIna samAja evaM rASTra ke navanirmANa ke lie jo mArga iMgita kiyA thA vaha Aja kI paristhitiyoM meM bhI utanA hI hitakara ho sakatA hai jitanA ki taba thaa| unakI zikSA zAzvata siddhAntoM ke Upara AdhArita thI jisakA mUla stambha satya aura ahiMsA the / yahI zikSA bAda meM mahAtmA gAndhI ne apane jIvana meM grahaNa kara deza kI AjAdI kI lar3AI jItI thii| Aja ke samAja evaM rASTra meM bhI satya aura ahiMsA kI paramAvazyakatA hai / sevA kuTIra pAnadarIbA, lakhanaU dinAMka 29 akTUbara 1975 saMsAra abhI bhI pIr3ita hai / usake nirvANArtha satya aura ahiMsA kA zastra aisA hai jo bAdhAoM se samAja ko mukta kara sakatA hai ataH mahAvIra jI ke prati zraddhAMjali isI ke dvArA arpita kI jA sakatI hai ki hama unake vicAroM ko apane jIvana meM barAbara DhAlane kA prayAsa karate raheM / zubhakAmanAoM sahita, ApakA - candrabhAnu gupta
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra se sambandhita smRti grantha svayaM eka bar3I cIja hai / merI dRSTi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMdeza hamArI sAMskRtika ekatA kA pratIka hai / mujhe kabhI-kabhI Azcarya hotA hai hamAre deza ke jana jIvana se sambandhita tathAkathita janma-jAti saMskAroM ke sambandha meM isa deza kI janatA prAyaH jIva mAtra ke prati dayA kA bartAva karatI hai / hiMsA, ghaNA, ISyA, dva eSa evaM anya prakAra kI kutsita bhAvanAoM ke prati sahiSNu bhI nahIM hai / ina duSTa pravRttiyoM ko na jIvana kA aMga mAnakara calatI hai aura na unako jIvana ke lie Avazyaka evaM svAbhAvika durguNoM ke rUpa meM svIkara karanA cAhatI hai / kabhI-kabhI aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaise mAno sadguNoM ke prati mAnava mAtra yAtrA meM hama logoM se kucha Age bar3he hue haiN| dhIre-dhIre merA yaha vizvAsa dRr3ha hotA jA rahA hai ki tathAkathita mAnasika saMskAra bhI jIvana kI aitihAsika bhitti para AdhArita haiN| hamAre itihAsa meM eka aura bar3I vicitra aura vismaya meM DAla dene vAlI pravRtti sAmane AtI hai| hamane kabhI bhI apane deza ke bAhara ke kisI bhI deza para AkramaNa nahIM kiyaa| hamAre yahAM mahAnatama samrATa hue / digvijayI nRpoM kI zRMkhalA hamAre itihAsa meM paurANika gAthA ke rUpa meM citrita hai| lekina kisI ke sambandha meM yaha nahIM kahA gayA ki hamAre amuka nRpa ne apanI digvijaya kI AkAMkSA se prerita hokara Akramaka ke rUpa meM kisI dUsare deza para kabhI AkramaNa kiyA ho / apane sambandha meM carcA karate samaya prAyaH hama sabhI loga apane prati apekSAkRta apane ko acchA samajhakara calate haiM aura mAnava svabhAva hai ki vaha apane ko auroM se acchA samajhatA hai| lekina phira bhI kucha mUlabhUta pravRtiyAM jana jIvana meM sthAna-sthAna para dekhane ko milatI haiN| kadAcita yaha daMbha kI bAta ho, kucha logoM kI dRSTi meM parantu ise svIkAra karane meM koI hicaka nahIM hai ki hama loga prAyaH sabhI dharmo ke prati sahiSNu haiN| hamAre dharma granthoM meM sthAna-sthAna para isa sahiSNutA kA pATha aMkita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA syAdvAda aura gItA kI zAzvata vANI hai ye yathA mAM prapadyante tAMstathaiva bhajAmyaham mama vartmAnuvartanta manuSyAH pArtha sarvazaH " arthAt 'jo jisa prakAra se merI pUjA karate haiM unako maiM usI prakAra se svIkara kara letA huuN| sabhI mArgoM se aMta meM manuSya mujha meM hI Akara mila jAtA hai bahuta kucha eka sI bAteM haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne syAdavAda ke siddhAnta ke anusAra yaha svIkAra 1 , kiyA ki unakA mata ThIka ho sakatA hai aura dUsare siddhAntoM meM kahIM bhI koI aMtara nahIM mAlUma hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra evaM bhagavAna buddha, kRSNa aura rAma ke saMyukta prayAsoM kA hI phala hai| vyakti kA mata bhI ThIka ho sakatA hai| mujhe donoM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha hamArA zAzvata siddhAnta kucha kAraNa hone cAhiye ki Akhira hamAre hI deza meM mahAtmA gAMdhI kA janma kyoM kisa prakAra se ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA vyavahArika rUpa saMsAra ko punaH dene kI ceSTA kI / mahAvIra, buddha, kRSNa aura rAma ke dvArA nirmita jIvana ke sakSama pratIka hI haiN| mathurA : 17-10-1975 inhIM saba mahAna saMtoM kI vANI ne hamAre jIvana ko eka sAMskRtika rUpa pradAna kiyA hai aura usI ke dvArA hamArA jIvana sampUrNa rUpa se vikasita aura pallavita ho pAyA hai| hama meM jo bhI yaha kSamatA hai, jaisA ki abhI kucha dina pUrva iMdirA jI ne kahA thA, ki hama saMsAra ko kucha de sakeM, aura vaha hai Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM adhyAtmikatA kA nayA sandeza isa dena ke liye hama sadA sadA hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhI RNI raheMge / merA zat zat abhinandana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM / aura unhoMne vaha bhI bhagavAna huA - lakSmI ramaNa AcArya
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________________ khaNDa-1 44545454545454545454545454545454545454545454545 mahAvIra vacanAmRta
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________________ 5-torthaGkara kA triratnAdhArita zoDaza-Araka dharmacakra
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________________ mahAvIra vacanAmata ! dhammo maMgalamukkiTThe dharma sarvotkRSTa maMgala hai-sabakA kalyANakartA hai| logassasAraM dhammo loka kA-manuSya-jIvana kA sAra dharma hai / dhammo vatthu-sahAvo vastu-svabhAva kA nAma dharma hai-jo jisa padArtha kA svabhAva hai, vahI usakA dharma hai| ___ samiyAe dhamme AriehiM paveie zreSTha mahApuruSoM ne samabhAva meM dharma batAyA hai / mohakkhoha vihINo pariNAmo appaNo dhammo moha evaM kSobha se rahita AtmA kA pariNAma hI dharma hai / duvihe dhamme-suyadhamme ceva carittadhamme ceva dharma ke do rUpa haiM-zruta arthAta jJAna yA tatvajJAna aura cAritra arthAt AcaraNa / rayaNattaya ca dhammo . aura, dharma ratnatraya (samIcIna zraddhAna, jJAna evaM AcaraNa)-rUpa hai| cattAri dhammadArA-khaMtI muttI ajjvemaddave dharma ke cAra dvAra haiM-kSamA, zauca (saMtoSa), saralatA aura mRdutA / dasaNamUlo dhammo dharma kA mUla darzana (samIcInaH dRSTi yA samyaktva) hai / taccarai sammattaM tatva meM ruci hone kA nAma samyaktva hai| HTTAMATTATRA *- TO
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________________ *:-AVMYAVAN bhAveNa sadahaMtassa sammattaMtu viyAhiyaM jJAna (bhAva) pUrvaka tattvoM kA zraddhAna karane para samyaktva prakaTa hotA hai| NANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe ... jJAna samasta padArthoM ko prakAzita (pratyakSa) karatA hai| NANaM Narassa sAraM, sAro vi Narassa hoi sammattaM jJAna manuSya kA sAra hai, aura samyaktva bhI manuSya kA sAra hai| cArittaM khalu dhammo, jo so samotti nniddittttho| mohakkhoha vihINo pariNAmo appaNo hu smo|| paramArtha se cAritra hI dharma hai, aura vaha samatva rUpa batAyA gayA hai / AtmA kA moha-kSobha vihIna pariNAma hI samatva yA samatA bhAva hai| caraNaM havai sadhammo, dhammo so havai samabhAvo cAritra svadharma (Atmadharma) hai / AtmA kA samabhAva hI cAritra kahalAtA hai| natthicaritaM sammataviruNaM samyaktva ke binA cAritra nahIM hotaa| samavaNNA hoi cArittaM jJAna aura darzana (samyaktva) ke samAyoga se cAritra hotA hai / jo puNa carittahINo kiM tassa sudeNa bahueNa jo cAritra se hIna hai, usake bahuta zAstroM ke jAnane se bhI kyA lAbha hai| pANivaha-musAvAda-adatta-mehuNa-pariggahA virado / esa carittAcAro paMcaviho hodi nnaadvo|| prANIvadha (hiMsA), mRSAvAda (jhUTha), adattagrahaNa (corI), maithuna aura parigraha, ina pAMcoM se virakta honA pA~ca prakAra kA cAritra hai| pANe ya nAivAejjA, adinnaM pi ya naaye| sAiyaM na musaMvyA, esa dhamme vsiimo|| kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kare, kisI kI bhI binA dI huI vastu na le, vizvAsaghAtaka asatya na bole- yaha AtmanigrahI janoM kA dharma hai| khamAdi bhAvo ya dahaviho dhammo kSamAdi bhAvarUpa daza prakAra kA dharma hai| MAMATTATE ---
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________________ *MYAVEKYAVA khaMtImadavaajjavalAghava tavasaMjamo akiMcaNadA / taha hoi bamhaceraM saccaM cAgo ya dasa dhammA // kSamA, mAIva, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya, ye dasa dharma haiN| ahiMsAhilakkhaNo dhammo, jIvANaM rakkhaNo dhammo dharma kA lakSaNa ahiMsA hai, jIvoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai| dhammo dayAvisuddho dharma dayA se vizuddha hotA hai / viNao dhammassa mUlaM dharma kA mUla vinaya (mAnarahita honA) hai| jai jara-maraNa-karAliyau, to jiya dhamma karehi / dhamma rasAyaNu piyahi tuhu~, jimi ajarAmara hohi // he jIva ! yadi tU jarA-maraNa sa bhayabhIta hai to dharma kara, dharma-rasAyana kA pAna kara, jisase tU ajara-amara ho ske| dhammu Na paDhiyai~ hoi, dhammu Na potthA-picchiyaiM / dhammu Na maDhiya paesi, dhammu Na matthA-luciyaiM // bahuta par3halene se hI dharma nahIM hotA, pothiyoM aura picchiI se bhI dharma nahIM hotA, maTha meM rahane se bhI dharma nahIM hotA, aura zira kA kezalauMca karane se bhI dharma nahIM hotaa| rAyarosa ve pariharivi, jo appANi vasei / ___ so dhammu vi jiNa-uttiyau, jo paMcama-gai i // rAga aura dveSa ko chor3a kara apanI AtmA meM hI nivAsa karane ko jinadeva ne 'dharma' kahA hai, aura yahI dharma nirvANa prApta karAtA hai| dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI zuddha-pavitra AtmA meM dharma nivAsa karatA hai / vivegge dhamma mAhiyaM manuSya kA dharma usakA sadasad viveka hai| jarAmaraNavegaNaM bujjhamANANa pANiNaM / dhammo dIvo paiTThAya gaI saraNamuttamaM // jarA aura mRtyu ke vegavAna pravAha meM bahate hue jIvoM ko dharma hI eka mAtra dvIpa hai, pratiSThA hai, gati hai aura uttama zaraNa hai| TOTTON
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________________ * +UMLOVE KAVVAVIK kusagge jaha osa bindue thauvaM ciTThai lambamANae / ___ evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM, samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae // mAnava jIvana kuzA kI noka para sthita osa kI bUMda kI taraha kSaNasthAyI hai, ataeva he gautama ! kSaNamAtra bhI pramAda mata kara / asaMkkhayaM jIviya, mA pamAyae yaha jIvana asaMskRta hai, ata: pramAda mata kara / savvato pamattassa bhayaM, savvato apamattassa natthi bhayaM pramatta (pramAdI) vyakti ko sarvatra bhaya hai, apramAdI ko kahIM bhI koI bhaya nahIM hotaa| uThThie, No pamAyae ___ uTho ! pramAda mata kro| dhammeNa hodi pujjo, dhammatthassa vi NamaMti devAvi dharmAcaraNa karane se hI vyakti pUjya hotA hai, dharmAtmA vyakti ko deva bhI namaskAra karate haiN| eoceva subho Navari savvasokkhAyaro dhammo eka dharma hI zubha hai, pavitra hai, aura vahI saba sukhoM kA dene vAlA hai| tUraha dhamma kAuM (ataeva) zIghra hI dharma karo, dharma ko apanAo-dharmAcaraNa kro| tathimaM paDhamaM ThANaMmahAvIreNa desiyaM / ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA savvabhUesu saMjamo / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko samasta dharmasthAnoM meM prathama sthAna dekara usakA upadeza diyaa| saba jIvoM ke prati saMyama rakhanA ahiMsA hai| dhammamahiMsA samaM natthi ahiMsA ke samAna anya dharma nahIM hai / asubho jo pariNAmo sA hiMsA azubha pariNAma hI hiMsA hai| rAgAdINamaNuppA ahiMsakattaM tti desiyaM samae / tesiM ca uppattI hiMsetti jihi NididahA // rAgadveSa Adi kA utpanna na honA ahiMsA batAyA hai, rAgAdika kI utpatti honA hiMsA hai, aisA jinadevoM ne nirdeza kiyA hai| A-MOATOR
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________________ *IVENDAV ___Natthidu ahiMsago NAma hodi vAyAdivadhahetu hiMsA se virata na honA, athavA maiM prANighAta karUMgA, aise vicAra rakhanA hiMsA hai / maradu va jiyadu va jIvo ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiMsA koI jIva pare yA jIve, yaha hiMsA yA ahiMsA nahIM, jo yatnAcArapUrvaka nahIM bartatA usake nizcaya hiMsA hai-ayatnAcAra kA nAma hI hiMsA hai| pAdosiya adhikaraNiya kAyiya paridAvaNAdivAdAe / ede paMcapaogA kiriyAoM hoMti hiMsAo / dveSa karanA, hiMsA ke upakaraNoM ko grahaNa karanA, duSTabhAva se zarIra kI ceSTAe~ karanA, anya ko duHkha pahu~cAne vAlI kriyA karanA, aura kisI ke prANoM kA ghAta karanA, ina pAMca prakAra ke prayogoM ko hiMsA kI kriyA kahate haiN| hiMsAvirai ahiMsA hiMsA se virata honA ahiMsA hai| jaha te Na piyaM dukkhaM taheva teMsipi jANa jIvANaM jisa prakAra tumheM du:kha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI anya jIvoM ke bAre meM jAno / jahamama na piyaM dukkhaM, jANiya emeva savvajIvANaM / na haNai na haNAvei a, samaNai teNa so smnno|| jase mujhe duHkha acchA nahIM lagatA, vaise hI koI bhI anya prANI du:kha nahIM cAhatA, yaha jAnakara jo kisI kI bhI hatyA na karatA hai, aura na karAtA hai, aisA samadaSTi vyakti hI zramaNa hai| hatthissa ya kaMthussa ya samejIve hAthI aura cIMTI samAnarUpa se jIva haiN| Aya tule payAsu sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna smjho| savvesi jIviyaM piyaM sabhI ko apanA jIvana priya hai / savve jIvAvi icchaMti jIviu, na marijjiuM / tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayaMti NaM // sabhI jIva jIvita rahane kI icchA rakhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, isIlie nirgrantha guruoM ne prANivadha ko ghora pApa kahA aura usakA niSedha kiyaa| FARMER
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________________ T KUMAONENT V-NONAV tumaMsi nAma, saccevaM jaM haMtavvaMti manasi, tumaMsinAmasaccevaM jaM ajjAveyavvaMti manasi, tumaMsi nAma saccevaM jaM pariyAveyavvaMti mannasi, evaM jaM paridhitavvaMti manasi, jaM uddaveyavvaMti manasi, aMjU ceya paDibuddhajIvI tamhA na haMtA na vighAyae, aNuMsaveyaNamappANaNaM NaM hantavvaM nAbhipatthae / jise tuma mAranA cAhate ho, vaha bhI tumhAre jaisA sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karane vAlA prANI hai| jisa para zAsana karanA cAhate ho, vaha bhI tumhAre jaisA prANI hai| jise duHkha pahu~cAnA cAhate ho, vaha bhI tumhAre jaisA prANI hai| jise apane vaza meM karane kI icchA karate ho, vaha bhI tumhAre jaisA prANI hai / jo sajjana aisA jAna kara viveka pUrvaka jIvana bitAte haiM, ve na to kisI kA ghAta svayaM karate haiM aura na dUsaroM se karAte haiM / jo hisA karatA hai, usakA phala use bhoganA par3atA hai / ataeva kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA kI kAmanA mata kro| sayaM tivAyae pANa, adubaDannahiM ghaaye| haNantaM vANujANAi, veraM vaDDhai appaNo // jo svayaM prANihiMsA karatA hai, dUsaroM se karAtA hai, athavA karane vAloM kI anumodanA karatA hai, vaha saMsAra meM apane lie vaira hI bar3hAtA hai| se hu pannANamaMte buddha AraMbhovarae jo hiMsaka pravRtti se virata rahatA hai vahI jJAnI hai, vahI buddha hai| ko dhammo, jIvadayA dharma kyA hai.? jIvoM para dayA karanA / savvehi bhUehiM dayANukaMpI sabhI prANiyoM para dayA karanI cAhiye / dayAsamo na ya dhammo, annasamaM natthi uttamaMdANaM / saccasamA na ya kittI, sIlasamo natthi siNgaaro|| dayA samAna dharma nahIM hai, annadAna se uttama dAna nahIM hai, satya samAna kItti nahIM, aura zIla se adhika zreSTha koI zraMgAra nahIM hai| jIvavaho appavaho, jIvadayA hoi appaNohudayA kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta karanA svayaM apanA hI ghAta karanA hai / dUsaroM para dayA karanA svayaM apane Upara dayA karanA hai| __ asaMgihIya parijaNassa saMgiNhaNayAe abbhuTTyavvaMbhavai / anAzrita aura asahAya vyaktiyoM ko Azraya evaM sahayoga-sahAyatA dene ke lie sadA tatpara rahanA caahiye|
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________________ +ADEMY gilANassa agilAe veyAvaccakaraNayAe abbhuTTyavvaMbhavai rogI janoM ko niroga karane ke lie unako sevA suzruSA paricaryA utsAha evaM tatparatA ke sAtha karanI caahiye| samAhikAraeNaM tameva samAhiM paDilabbhaI jo dUsaroM ko sukha dene kA prayatna karatA hai, vaha svayaM bhI sukha pAtA hai / veyAvacceNa titthayaranAmagoyaM kammaM nibaMdhei sevAdharma kA pAlana karane se tIrthakara pada prApta hotA hai / jo karei so pasaMsijjai jo janasavA karatA hai, vaha prazaMsita hotA hai / bhamai jae jasakittI sajjaNasui-hiyaya-NayaNa-suhajaNaNI / aNNeviya hoMtiguNA vijjAvacceNa ihaloe // sevA karane se sajjanoM ke kAnoM, netroM aura hRdaya ko sukha dene vAlI kItti jaga meM phaila jAtI hai tathA anya aneka guNa isa loka meM prApta hote haiM / savvaM jagaM tu samayANupehI jagata ke sabhI prANiyoM ko samabhAva se dekho / metti bhUesukappae sabhI jIvoM ke prati mitratA bhAva rkho| savvapANA na hIliyamvA na nidiyavvA kisI bhI prANI kA na tiraskAra karo, na niMdA kro| jIvokasAyabahulosaMto jIvANa ghAyaNaM kuNai adhikatara loga krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha:Adi kaSAyoM se yukta hote haiM / kaSAya se hI hiMsA utpanna hotI hai| kohopoi paNAsai, mANoviNaya nnaasii| mAyA mittANi NAsai, lobho savva viNAsaNe // krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAna vinaya samApta kara detA hai, mAyA (chalakapaTa) maitrI kI nAzaka hai aura lobha sarva vinAzaka ahevayanti koheNa, mAneNa ahmaagii| __ mAyAgai puDivagghAo, lohAo duhaobhayaM // krodha manuSya kA patana karatA hai, mAna use adhamagati meM pahuMcAtA hai, mAyA sadgati kA nAza karatI hai, aura lobha isaloka evaM paraloka meM mahAna bhaya kA kAraNa hotA hai| |
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________________ *MMMMMMM akasAyatu caritaM kasAyavasagado asaMjado hodi / uvasaha jamhi kAle, taja kAle saMjado hodi // kaSAyarUpa vikAroM kA abhAva hI cAritra hai / jo kaSAyoM ke dazIbhUta hotA hai, vaha asaMyamI hotA hai / jisa samaya kaSAya vikAra upAzAnta ho jAte haiM, tabhI saMyamabhAva: prakaTa hotA hai / taM vatthaM muvyaM jaM paDiupajjaye kasathiggI / taM vatyuM mallirajjo jatthuvasamma kasAyANaM || jisa vastu yA sthiti se kaSAya utpanna ho use chor3anA cAhie, aura jisase kaSAya zAnta hoM, usakA sambandha milAnA cAhiye / for aNUdo appaM AyAsAdo aNUNayaM Natthi / jaha taha jANa mahallaM Na vayamahiMsAsamaM asthi // isa saMsAra meM jisa prakAra paramANu se choTI koI vastu nahIM hai aura AkAza se bar3A koI dravya nahIM hai, usI prakAra ahiMsA se bar3A koI vrata nahIM hai / savvesimAsamANaM hidayaM gabbho va savvasatthANaM / savvesi vadaguNANaM piMDosAro ahiMsAdu || ahiMsA (brahmacarya, gRhastha Adi) saba AzramoM kA hRdaya hai, samasta zAstroM kA garbha hai, aura samasta vratoM evaM guNoM kA ekatra sAra hai / uccAyaM solesuvadesu ya ahiMsA yaha ahiMsA akhila zIloM (sadAcAroM) aura vratoM meM sarvocca hai / jIvasitassa savvevi NiratthayA hoMti hiMsaka vyakti ke samasta dharma-karma nirarthaka hote haiM / ahiMsAe viNA Na sIlANi ThaMti savvANi ahiMsA ke binA koI bhI zIla ( dharma, sadAcAra) sthita nahIM raha sakatA | attAceva ahiMsA zuddha AtmA hI ahiMsA hai| esA sA bhagavai aisI yaha bhagavatI ahiMsA hai / VEDEO
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________________ * --- parihara asaMtavayaNaM asatya bhASaNa kA tyAga karanA satya hai| hiMsA-vayaNaM Na vayadi, kakkasa-vayaNaM pi jo Na bhAsedi / NiThTharavayaNaM pi tahA Na bhAsade gujjha-vayaNaM pi|| hidamidavayaNaM bhAsadi saMtosakaraM tu savva-jIvANaM / dhammapayAsaNavayaNaM aNuvvadI hodi so bidio // jo satyANuvrata kA pAlana karane vAlA hai, vaha hiMsA ke vacana nahIM kahatA, kaThora vacana nahIM bolatA, niSThara vacana nahIM kahatA, dUsare kI gupta bAta ko prakaTa nahIM karatA, hita-mita-santoSaprada aura dharma-prakAzaka vacana bolatA hai| bhAsiyavvaM hiyaM saccaM sadA hitakArI satya vacana bolanA cAhiye / nApuTThovAgarekiMcipuTTho vA naliyaM vae binA pUche bole nahIM, aura pUchane para asatya na bole / __nAivela vaejjA AvazyakatA se adhika na bole / sacceNa jage hodi pamANaM isa jagata meM satya se hI manuSya prAmANika hotA hai / pApassAgamadAraM asaccavayaNaM asatya vacana pApa ke Agamana ke dvAra haiN| jalacaMdaNasasimuttAcaMdamaNI taha Narassa NicvANaM / Na karaMti kuNai jaha atthajjuyaM hidamadhuramidavayaNaM // manuSya ko jitanA Ananda sArthaka, hitakara, mita aura madhura vacana pradAna karate haiM, utanA zItala jala, candana, candramA, muktA,candrakAnta maNi Adi padArtha bhI nahIM pahu~cAte / saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM saMsAra meM satya hI sArabhUta padArtha hai| taM saccaM khu bhagavaM satya hI nizcaya se bhagavAna hai| SAMADUR
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________________ 10 ] kxyAVMVAVIK appaNA saccamesijjA (ata:) AtmA se satya kI khoja kro| adinnamantra su ya No gahejjA kisI kI kisI bhI vastu ko binA usake diye hue grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / ___ lobhAvile AyayaI adattaM lobha ke vaza corI kI pravRtti hotI hai / corassa Natthi hiyae dayA ca lajjAdamo va vissAso cora ke hRdaya meM dayA, lajjA, dama (icchAdamana) aura vizvAsa nahIM hote| jo bahumullaM vat, appaya mulleNa Nava giNhedi / vIsariyaM pi Na giNhadi, lAhe thove pi tUsedi // jo paradavvaM Na haradi mAyA-loheNa koha-mANeNa / diDhacitto suddhamaI aNuvvaI so have tidio // jo bahumUlya vastu ko alpamUlya meM nahIM kharIdatA, dUsare kI bhUlI huI vastu ko nahIM uThAtA, thor3e lAbha meM hI santuSTa rahatA hai aura chalakapaTa, lobha, krodha evaM mAna ke vaza dUsare ke dravya kA haraNa nahIM karatA, vaha dRr3ha cittavAlA zuddhamati acauryANuvrata kA pAlana karane vAlA hotA hai| taM appaNA na giNhaMti no vi giNhAvae prN| annaM vA giNhamANa pi nANujANati saMjayA // vaha (isa prakAra anyAya kA dhana) na svayaM grahaNa karatA hai, na dUsaroM ko use grahaNa karane kI preraNA detA hai, aura na use grahaNa karane vAloM kI anumodanA karatA hai| tavesu vA uttamaM baMbhaceraM tapo meM brahmacarya zreSTha tapa hai / aNegAguNA ahINA bhavaMti ekkaMmi baMbhacere brahmacarya kA pAlana karane se aneka guNa manuSya ke adhIna ho jAte haiM / kAmummatto saMto Danjhadi ya kAmacitAe kAma se unmatta vyakti kA citta kAma-cintA se jalatA rahatA hai| O-TV-II MOTI
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________________ KAVINVAK kAmapisAyaggahido hidamahidaM vA Na appaNo muNadi kAma pizAca ke vaza meM huA vyakti apane hita-ahita ko nahIM dekhatA, vaha apanI AtmA ko nahIM phcaantaa| dakkho vi hoI maMdo visayapisAovahada citto atyanta dakSa vyakti bhI indriyoM ke viSaya rUpI pizAca se grasta ho kara maMdabuddhi ho jAtA hai| sIlaM jesu susIlaM sujIvidaM mANusaM tesi una vyaktiyoM kA jIvana hI jIvana hai jinakA zIla (AcaraNa) suzIla hai / sIlaM mokkhassa sovANaM zIla (brahmacarya) mokSa kA sopAna hai / jIvo baMbhA jIvammi jIva zabda kA artha hI brahma hai-bAhya viSayoM ko chor3akara AtmA meM caryA karanA hI brahmacarya hai| na so pariggaha vutto nAyaputteNa tAiNA / mucchA pariggaho vutto iva vuttaM mahesiNA // mahAmuni jJAtRputra mahAvIra ne Asakti ko parigraha kahA hai, padArthoM ko parigraha nahIM btaayaa| abbhaMtara bAhirae savve gaMthe tumaM vivajjehi bhItara aura bAhara samasta graMthiyoM ke unmocana kA nAma aparigraha hai| apariggaho aNiccho icchA rahita honA aparigraha hai / icchAha AgAsa samA aNaMtiyA manuSya kI icchAe~ AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| dukkhaM hayaM jassa na hoi moho, moho hayo jassa na hoi taNhA / taNhA hayA jassa na hoi loho, loho hayo jassa na kiNcnnaaiN|| jise moha nahIM, usakA duHkha dUra ho gayA / jise tRSNA nahIM, usakA moha naSTa ho gyaa| jisake lobha nahIM. usakI taSNA mittgii| aura jisake pAsa parigraha (dhana sampatti) nahIM, usa akiMcana kA lobha samApta ho gyaa| kAmA duratikammA kAmanAe~ durladhya haiN| AMORYA
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________________ 12 ] M-AVMAVAN khaNametta sokkhA bahukAla dukkhA / paNAma dukkhA aNigAma sokkhA // kAmanAoM kI pUtti kSaNabhara ke lie sukhadene vAlI aura cirakAla du:kha dene vAlI hai-prArambha meM sukhada lagatI hai, usakA pariNAma du:khapUrNa hotA hai / natthi eriso pAso paDibaMdho atthi parigraha ke samAna koI jAla nahIM hai / viyANiyA dukkhavivaddhaNaM dhaNaM dhana duHkha bar3hAne vAlA hai| attho aNatthamUlaM artha anartha kA mUla hai| lAhA loho pavaDDhA lAbha se lobha bar3hatA hai| gaMthaMNimittaM ghoraM paritAvaM parigraha manuSya ke lie ghora paritApa kA kAraNa hai| gaMtho bhayaM NarANaM parigraha ke kAraNa manuSya meM bhaya utpanna hotA hai| NaThe gaMthe ya puNo tivvaM puriso lahadi dukkhaM parigraha (dhana sampatti) ke nAza se manuSya atyanta du:khI hotA hai| jIvassa Na tittI atthi tiloge vi laddhammi (aura) tInoM loka kA vaibhava prApta ho jAne para bhI manuSya kI tRpti nahIM hotii| mamAi lupai bAle makatva buddhi ke kAraNa nAsamajha loga bhaTakate haiN| pariggahaniviTThANaM veraM tesiM pavaDhaI jo parigraha meM phaMse hue haiM, ve vaira hI bar3hAte haiN| mANI vi sahai gaMthaNimittaM vayaM vi avamANaM abhimAnI vyakti bhI dhana ke lie ghora apamAna sahatA hai| SANTOR
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________________ [ 13 PATRO gaMthaNimittaM kammaM kuNai akAdavvayaMpi Naro dhana ke lie manuSya na karane yogya kArya bhI karatA hai / saMgo mahAbhayaM parigraha mahAna bhaya hai| viNIya taNho vihare (ataH) tRSNA se mukta hokara vicro| dhaNeNa ki dhammadhurAhigAre dhana se kyA dharma kI gAr3I calatI hai ? savvattha bhagavayA aniyANayA pasatthA bhagavAna ne sarvatra niSkAmatA ko hI prazasta-zreSTha kahA hai| appANamappaNo pariggahaM vAstava meM to apanA AtmA hI apanA ekamAtra parigraha hai / appA naI veyaraNI appAme kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhAdheNu appA me naMdanaNaM // merI AtmA hI naraka kI vaitaraNI nadI aura kUTazAlmalI vRkSa hai| aura merI AtmA hI svarga kI kAmadugdhA dhenu tathA naMdanavana hai| ___ appA kattA vikattAya duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiya supaTThio // AtmA svayaM apane duHkha aura sukha kA karttA evaM bhoktA hai / vahI sumArga para calAne vAlA apanA mitra hai, aura kumArga para le jAne vAlA apanA zatru hai| appA ceva dameyavvo, appA hu khalu duddamo / appA danto suhI hoi assiM loe parattha ya // vAstava meM apane Apa ko damana karanA atyanta kaThina hai, usI kA damana karanA caahie| apane Apa ko damana karane vAlA vyakti isaloka aura paraloka donoM meM sukhI rahatA hai| varaM me appA daMto saMjameNa taveNa ya / mA'haM parehiM dammato bandhaNehiM vahehi ya // dUsare loga merA vadha-bandhanAdi se damana kareM, isakI apekSA maiM saMyama evaM tapa dvArA svayaM apanA damana karUM, yaha acchA hai|
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________________ 14] je sahassaM sahassANa saMgAme egaM jiNejja appANaM, eSa se dujjaye jiNe / paramo jao // jo vIra durjaya saMgrAma meM lAkhoM yoddhAoM ko jItatA hai, yadi usake sthAna meM vaha eka apanI AtmA ko jItale to usakI vaha vijaya sarvazreSTha vijaya hogI / appANameva jujjhAhi, ki te jujjheNa bajjhao / appANameva appANaM jaittA suhamehae // apanI AtmA ke sAtha yuddha kro| bAharI zatru ke sAtha yuddha karane se kyA lAbha ? AtmA dvArA AtmA ko jItane vAlA - AtmajayI hI pUrNa sukhI hotA hai / paMcindiyANi kohaM mANaM mAyaM taheva lohaM ca / dujjayaM ceva appANaM, savvamappe jie jiyaM // pA~coM indriyoM ko, krodha-mAna- mAyA lobha ko, aura sabase adhika durjaya apanI AtmA ko jItanA caahie| eka AtmA ke jItane para sabakucha jIta liyA jAtA hai 1 na taM arI kaMThachettA karei, jaM se karei appaNiyA durappA | sAro vi Narassa hoi sammattaM // gANaM Narassa sAraM galA kATane vAlA zatru bhI utanA apakAra nahIM karatA, jitanA ki 'durAcaraNa Asakta apanI AtmA karatI hai / manuSya ke lie jJAna hI sAra hai, kintu jJAna se bhI adhika sAra padArtha samyaktva - saccI AtmazraddhA hai / ahapuNa appANicchadi dhammAi karedi niravasesAi / tahavi Na pAvadi siddhi saMsAracchA puNo bhaNido // jo vyakti AtmA ko nahIM pahacAnatA, vaha yadyapi samasta dhArmika kriyAe~ karatA hai, tathApi use siddhi nahIM milatI aura vaha sasArI hI kahalAtA hai / pANa ta antao pAsai sandaloe / mahantaM buddho pasattesu parivvajjA | mohanidrA meM magna manuSyoM ke bIca rahate hue jo vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ko Atmavat dekhatA hai, saMsArI jIvana ko azAzvata ( kSaNabhaMgura ) samajhatA hai, aura apramAdI hokara saMyama meM rata rahatA hai, vahIM mukti kA saccA adhikArI hai / uhare ya pANe buDDhe uvvehaI logamiNaM lAbhAlAbhe suhe- dukkhe jIvie maraNe vahA / samo niMdA pasaMsAsu tahA mANA avamANavo // lAbha-hAni, sukha-du:kha, jIvana-maraNa, prazaMsA-niMdA, mAna-apamAna meM samatva bhAva rakhanA cAhie / *NAMNA
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________________ WWW saMpikkhae apagamappaeNa svayaM ko jAno, svayaM ko pahacAno / attANameva samabhijANAhi AtmA ko hI bhale prakAra jAno / jo egaM jANaI so savvaM jANaI jo eka (AtmA) ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabako jAnanA hai / na daMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNaviNA huMti na caraNaguNAH / aguNissa natthi mokkho, nAtthitamokkhassa nivvANaM // jahA~ zraddhAna ( darzana ) nahIM vahA~ jJAna nahIM hotA, binA jJAna ke cAritraguNa prakaTa nahIM hotA, binA cAritra guNa ke mokSa kI siddhi nahIM hotI, aura amukta kA nirvANa nahIM hotA / sammAiTThI sAvayadhammaM jiNadevadesigaM kuNadi / vivarIyaM kuto micchAdiTThI muNeyavvo // samyagdRSTi zrAvaka jinopadezita dharma kA pAlana karatA hai| jo usake viparIta karatA hai, use mithyAdRSTi jAno / [ 15 dANa- pUjA-sIlopavAsa cauvviho sAvayadhammo dAnazIlatA, guNIjanoM kA pUjA satkAra, zIla-sadAcaraNa aura upavAsa Adi tapa zrAvaka kA caturvidha dharma hai / jUyaM majjAM maMsaM vesA, pAraddhi-cora-parayAraM / duggaigamaNassedANi heubhUdANi pAvANi || dyUta (juA), zarAba, mAMsa, vezyA, zikAra, corI aura parastrI ( yA parapuruSa) kA sevana durgati ke kAraNa haiM, isalie zrAvaka ina sAta pApa vyasanoM ko chor3a detA hai / paMceNuvvayAI guNavvayAI havaMti taha tiSNi / sikkhAvaya cattAri ya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // pAMca aNuvratoM, tIna guNavratoM aura cAra zikSAvratoM kA pAlana karanA hI gRhastha kA saMyamAcaraNa hai / ehu dhammu jo Ayarai gaMbhaNu suduvi koi / fi sAvayahaM aNNu ki sirimaNi hoi // so sAva, isa dharma kA pAlana karane vAlA cAhe brAhmaNa ho yA zUdra, vaha hI zrAvaka hai, anyathA zrAvaka ke sira para kyA koI maNi jar3I rahatI hai / N-MM-1 Mi Mi
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________________ MNTNAM 16] vi deho vaMdijjai Navi ya kulo ko vaMdai guNahINo Na hu savaNo deha kI vandanA nahIM kI jAtI, kula aura jAti ke kAraNa bhI koI vandana yogya nahIM hotA / guNahIna kI kauna vandanA karatA hai ? cAhe vaha zramaNa (sAdhu) ho yA zrAvaka / gavi ya jAisaMjutto / Neya sAvao hoi // kammuNA baMbhaNohoi, kammuNA hoi khattio / vaIso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kammuNA // karma (apane AcaraNa kAryoM) se hI manuSya brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya, karma se hI vaizya aura karma zUdra hotA hai (janma se nahIM ) / na vi muMDaeNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa na muNI raNNavAseNa, kusacIreNa na baMbhaNo / tAvaso || sira muMDAlene mAtra se koI zramaNa nahIM ho jAtA, mAtra oMkAra kA japa karane se koI brAhmaNa nahIM ho jAtA, vana meM rahane mAtra se koI muni nahIM hotA, aura kuza - cIvara dhAraNa karane se koI tApasI nahIM bana jAtA / samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeya ya muNI hoi, taveNa hoi tAvaso // vyakti samatA se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa hotA hai, jJAna se muni hotA hai, aura tapa karane se tApasa hotA hai / ha varu baMbhaNu Na vi vaisu Nau khattiu Navi sesu / purisu NauMsau itthi Na vi ehau jANi visesu // yaha acchI taraha jAna samajha le ki na maiM zreSTha brAhmaNa hU~, na kSatriya, vaizya aura na zUdra Adi anya kucha / maiM puruSa, strI yA napuMsaka bhI nahIM hU~ / AtmA eka mAtra AtmA hai -- usameM ye koI bheda prabheda nahIM hote / appA millivi NANamau avaru parAyau bhAu / so chaMDeviNu jIva tuhuM jhAyahi suddhasahAu | jJAnamayI AtmA ko chor3akara anya saba bhAva para bhAva haiN| isalie he jIva ! ( uparokta ) samasta vikalpoM ko chor3akara mAtra zuddha AtmasvabhAva kA dhyAna kara / Naya kovi dedi lacchI, Na kovi jIvassa kurNAdi uvayAraM / vAraM avayAraM kammaMpi suhAsuhaM kuNadi // isa jIvAtmA ko na koI lakSmI Adi detA hai, na usakA upakAra karatA hai| usake apane karma hI usake upakAra apakAra aura sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa hote haiN| *MANAN
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________________ [ 17 *MINV-MAVAN vatthaM paDucca jaM puNa ajjhavasANaM tu hodi jIvANaM / Nahi vatthudo baMdho, ajjhavasANeNa baMdhodu // koI bhI vastu jIva kA bhalA-burA nahIM karatI, usake apane vikAra bhAva (adhyabasAna) hI karate haiM, unhIM ke kAraNa karmabaMdha hotA hai, kisI vastu se nhiiN| appA kattA vikattA ya suhANaya duhANaya AtmA svayaM apane duHkha-sukha kA kartA aura hartA hai / rAgo doso moho e e ettha tiya dUsaNa dosaa| rAyo ya doso ya kammavIyaM // rAga, dveSa aura moha hI isa AtmA ke mahAna dUSaNa aura doSa haiM, aura rAga evaM dveSa hI karma ke bIja haiM / jahAkaDaM kammaM tahAsi mAre jaisA karma kiyA jAtA hai, usakA vaisA hI phala bhoganA hotA hai / kattArameva aNujAi kamma karma sadaiva karane vAle ke pIche-pIche calate haiN| NANaM aMkusabhUdaM mattassa hu citta-hatthissa cittarUpI unmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke lie jJAna aMkuza ke samAna hai / NANapadIo pajjalai jassa hiyae visuddhalessassa vizuddha pariNAma vAle hRdaya (zuddhacitta) meM jJAna-dIpa satata prakAzamAna rahatA hai / jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva haMti nyvaayaa| jeNa viNAvi logassa vavahAro savvahAna nivvddii|| jitane bhI vacanapatha haiM, utane hI nayavAda haiM-jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai, vaha kisI na kisI dRSTi (naya) se kahA jAtA hai / ina nayavivakSA ke dvArA hI akhila jagata ke samasta vyavahAra calate haiM / jAvaMto vayaNapahA, tAvaMto vA nayA visddaao| te ceva ya parasamayA, sammattaM samudayA savve // jo kucha bhI bolane meM AtA hai vaha kisI na kisI naya (vRSTi) se kahA jAtA hai| alaga-alaga rahane para ye sabhI mithyAdRSTiyA~ haiM, aura paraspara meM samudita (samanvita) ho jAne para ve hI samyak dRSTiyAM bana jAtI haiN| MATTOMATO
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________________ + 18 ] *MAVNAVIK jamaNega dhammaNo vatthuNo, tadaMse ca savva pddivttii| andhavva gayAvayave, to micchadiThiNo viisu|| jaise hAthI ko TaTolakara dekhane vAle janmAndha vyakti usake eka-eka aMga ko hI pUrA hAthI mAna baiThate haiM, usI prakAra aneka dharmAtmaka vastu ke viSaya meM apanI-apanI aTakala, usake kisI eka pakSa ko hI lekara, daur3Ane vAle vyakti usa eka aMza ko hI sampUrNa vastu mAna baiThate haiM / vastu-svarUpa anekAnta dRSTi se hI siddha hotA hai| __tassa bhuvaNekaguruNo Namo aNegaMtavAyassa loka ke usa eka mAtra (apratima) guru anekAMtavAda ko namaskAra ho| NANA jIvA NANAkammaM NANAvihaM have lddhii| tamhA vayaNavivAdaM sagapara samaehi vajjijjo // loka meM aneka jIva haiM, karma bhI aneka prakAra ke haiM, aura pratyeka vyakti kI nAnA prakAra kI upalabdhiyAM hotI haiN| ataeva apane mata athavA dUsare mata ke mAnanevAle kisI bhI vyakti ke sAtha vacana-vivAda (vAda-vivAda) karanA ucita nahIM hai| vivattI aviNIyassa saMpattI viNIyassa ya / jasseyaM duhao nAyaM sikkhaM se abhigacchai // avinIta (vinaya rahita) ko vipatti prApta hotI hai aura vinIta ko sampatti-jisane yaha jAna liyA, vahI zikSA grahaNa kara sakatA hai| je ya kaMte pie bhoe laddhevi piTThI kuvvii| sAhINe cayai bhoe se hu cAitti buccaI // jo vyakti sundara aura priya bhogoM ko prApta karake bhI unakI ora se pITha phera letA hai, saba prakAra ke svAdhIna bhogoM kA parityAga kara detA hai. vahI saccA tyAgI hai| samikkha paMDie tamhA pAsa jAi pahe bahU / appaNA saccame sejjA metti bhUyesu kappae // buddhimAna puruSa ko cAhie ki duSkarma-pAzoM ko bhalI bhAMti samajhakara svatantrarUpa se svayaM satya kI khoja kare aura saba prANiyoM para maitrIbhAva rkhe| na hi verena verAni sammantIdha kadAcanaM / averena ca sammanti, esa dhammo snntno|| vaira se vaira kabhI zAnta nahIM hotA, avara se hI vara zAnta hotA hai-yahI sanAtana niyama hai|
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________________ *MDHAVKAVM TOTROADI dUre santo pakAsenti himavanto va pabbatA / asantettha na dissanti rattikhittA yathA sarA // satpuruSa himAlaya parvata kI taraha dUra se hI prakAzita rahate haiM / asatpuruSa rAta meM pheMke gaye bANa kI nAI dikhAI nahIM dete| kayirajje kayirAthenaM dallahamenaM parakkame / sithilo hi paribbAjo miyyo Akirate rajaM // jisa kAma ko karanA hai, to usake karane meM dRr3ha parAkrama ke sAtha juTa jAya / DhIlA-DhAlA sanyAsI adhika dhUla ur3AtA hai, siddha kucha nahIM krtaa| na cAha na ca bhavissati na cetarahi vijjati / ekantaM nindito poso ekantaM vA pasaMsito // aisA vyakti ki jisakI yA to sarvathA prazaMsA hI prazaMsA hotI ho, athavA nindA hI nindA hotI ho, na koI huA hai, na hai, aura na kabhI hogaa| yo ca puvve pamajjitvA, pacchA to nappamajjati / so maM lokaM pabhAseti, pabbhA mutto va candimA // jo vyakti eka bAra bhUla karake phira bhUla nahIM karatA, vaha megha se mukta candramA kI bhAMti loka ko prakAzita karatA hai| tassesa maggo guruviddhasevA vivajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| sajjhAya ekaMta niSevaNAya suttattha saMcintaNayA dhiIya // gurujanoM eva vRddhoM kI sevA, mUkhoM se dUra rahanA, ekAgracitta se satsAhitya kA abhyAsa evaM cintanamanana karanA aura apane citta ko dhIra banAnA hI nizreyasa-kalyANa kA mArga hai| Aroga paramAlAmA saMtuTThI paramaM dhanaM / vissAsa paramA jAtI nibbANaM paramaM sukhaM / nIrogatA sabase bar3A lAbha hai, santuSTa rahanA parama dhana hai, vizvAsa sarvazreSTha bandhu hai, aura nirvANa sarvopari sukha hai| lavaNasamo natthi raso, binnANasamo baMdhavo natthi / dhammasamo natthi nihI, kohasamo vaIrio natthi // saMsAra meM namaka ke samAna koI anya rasa nahIM hai, vijJAna (viziSTa jJAna) ke samAna koI bandhu nahIM hai, dharma ke samAna anya koI nidhi nahIM hai, aura krodha ke samAna apanA koI zatra nahIM hai| MANORAN
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________________ 20 ] AN fafia kohaM avikaMpamANe krodha para vijaya pAne ke lie akaMpAna vRtti kA avalaMbana lo / khamAsUrA arahantA jo kSamAzUra hote haiM ve hI ahaMta hote haiM / khammAmi savvajIvANaM, savve jIvA khamaMtu me / mittime savvabhUesu, vairaM majjhaM Na keNavi // merA saba jIvoM ke prati kSamAbhAva hai, saba prANI mujhe kSamA kareM, prANImAtra se merI maitrI hai, vaira kisI se bhI nahIM hai - aisI bhAvanA rakho / mA no dvikSata kazcan hama kisI se bhI dveSa na kareM / nAmassa dukkhamiccheya koI bhI kisI dUsare ke lie duHkha kI icchA na kareM / savve sattA averino hontu mA verino sabhI vyakti avara baneM, koI bhI kisI ke sAtha vaira na rakhe / savve sattA bhavantu sukhavattA jagata ke sabhI prANI sukhI hoM, sukhI raheM / Shi Gong Ren Shi Bu Ren Mi Mi (
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________________ Wan .......) mahAvIra stavana pRSTha 1-6 prAkRta pAThaH apabhraMza pAThaH saMskRta pAThaH bhASA stutiyAM , 8-20 , 21-48
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________________ 88906 6-arhat mahAvIra (devagar3ha)
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________________ kakkk********* * mahAvIra stavana hai M XM 4 ****** kkkkk******* prAkRta pATha Namo jiNANaM vaDDhamANaM, jiya bhayANaM / mahAvIrA maMgalam, mahAvIrA loguttumA, mahAvIre saraNaM gacchAmi // NissaMsayakaro mahAvIro jinnuttmo| rAgadosa-bhayAdodo dhamma-tItthassa-kArao // ikkovi NamukkAro jiNavara vasahassa vadhdhamANassa / saMsAra sAgarAo tArei naraM vA nAri vaa|| savvaNNu somadaMsaNa apuNabhava bhaviyajaNa-maNANanda / jaya cintAmaNi jagayagurU jaya jaya jiNa vIra akalaMka // -ajJAta * artha bhayAdika samasta vikAra bhAvoM ke vijetA varddhamAna janendra ko namaskAra ho; bhagavAna mahAvIra maMgala svarUpI hai, lokottama haiM, unhIM kI zaraNa mujhe prApta ho| saMzayoM ke nirmUla karane meM vIra, jinottama bhagavAna mahAvIra rAga dveSa bhaya Adi vikAroM se rahita haiMatIta hai ; vaha dharmatIrtha ke kartA yA saMsthApaka haiN| jinendra bhagavAna RSabhadeva (prathama tIrthakara) athavA varddhamAna mahAvIra (aMtima tIrthakara) ko eka bAra bhI (bhAva pUrvaka) namaskAra karane se nara ho yA nArI, saMsAra sAgara se tira jAte haiM-pAra ho jAte haiM / sarvajJa, somadarzana, apunarbhava, bhavya jana-manAnda, cintAmaNi, jagadguru, akalaMka vIra jinendra kI jaya ho| jaya ho, jaya ho !
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________________ so jayai jassa kevalaNANujjaladappaNammi loyAloyaM / puDha padibibaM dIsaI viyasiya, sayavatta gambhagauro vIro // -guNadharAcArya x . . Atithya - rUpamAsaraM mahAvIrasya nagnahu / rUpa mupasadAmetattisro rAtrIH surAsutA // -yajurveda, a. 19, maM. 14 nigaMTho Avuso nAtaputto savvaju svvdrssii| aparisese gANa dassaMNa parijAnAti // -majjhimanikAya, bhA-1 esa surAsuramaNusiMdavaMdidaM dhoi ghAi kmmmlN| paNamAmi vaDDhamANaM titthaM-dhammassakattAraM // vIraM visAla NayaNaM rattuppala komalassamappAyaM / tiviheNa paNamiUNa sIla guNANaM NisAmeha // tiloe savvajIvANaMhidaM dhammovadesiNaM / vaDDhamANaM mahAvIraM vaMdittA savvavediNaM // jinake kevala jJAna rUpI ujjavala darpaNa meM lokAloka spaSTa pratibiMbita hue dIkhate hai aura jo svayaM vikasita kamala-garbha ke samAna:tapta varNAbha haiM, ve vIra bhagavAna jayavanta hoN| atithi svarUpa pUjya mAsopavAsI nagna (digambara) mahAvIra kI upAsanA karo, jisameM (saMzaya-viparyayaanadhyavasAya rUpa) tIna ajJAna, athavA (dhana-zarIra-vidyA rUpa) madatraya kI utpatti nahIM hotii| ayuSmAna nirgrantha jJAtaputra (bhagavAna mahAvIra) sarvajJa ora sarvadarzI haiN| apane aparizeSa (ananta) jJAnadarzana dvArA vaha saba kucha jAnate-dekhate haiN| sura, asura aura manuSyoM ke indroM (rAjAoM) se vandanIya, dhAtiyA karma rUpI mala ko dhokara naSTa kara diyA jinane aura jo dharma rUpI tortha ke kartA haiM, una zrI varddhamAna svAmI ko namaskAra karatA huuN| (bAhya meM) jinake vizAla netra haiM aura caraNa lAla kamala jaise komala haiM, (antaraMga meM) jo kevala jJAna rUpI vizAla netroM ke dhAraka haiM aura jinakI rAgadveSa rahita komala vANI rAgadveSa ko dUra karane vAlI hai, zIla guNoM kI prAptyartha una zrI vIra prabhu ko mana-vaca-kAya se praNAma karatA huuN| tInoM lokoM ke samasta jIvoM kA hita karane vAle dharmopadezaka sarvajJa varddhamAna mahAvIra kI vandanA karatA huuN|
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________________ NamiUNa jiNaMvIraM aNaMta vara NANadaMsaNa sahAvaM -kundakundAcArya imammi avasappiNIe cauttha samayassa pacchime bhAe, AhuTTha mAsahINe vAsa caukkamisesakammi, pAvAe NayarIe, kattiyamAsassa kiNhacauddasie rattIe, sAdIe nakkhate, paccUse, bhayavado mahadimahAvIro vaDDhamANo siddhigado, tisuviloesu bhavaNavAsiya vANa vitara joyisiya kappavAsiyatti cauvvihA devA saparivArA divveNa gaMdheNa, divveNa puppheNa, divveNa dhUveNa, divveNa cuNNaNa, divveNa vAseNa, divveNa pahANeNa, NiccakAlaM accaMti, pUjaMti, vaMdati, NamaMsaMti, pariNivvANa mahAkallANapujjaM aMcemi pUjemi vaMdAmi gaMmaMsAmi, dukkhakhao, kammakhao, bohilAho, sugaigamaNaM, samAhimaraNaM, jiNaguNa saMpatti hou majjhaM // -nirvANa bhakti NANaM saraNaM me daMsaNaM ca saraNaM ca cariyaM saraNaMca / tavasaMjamaM ca saraNaM bhagavaM saraNaM mhaaviiro|| -mUlAcAra so NAma mahAvIro jo rajjaM payahiUNa pabbaiyo / kAma-koha-mahAsattupakkha nigghAyaNaM kuNai // -anuyogadvAra sUtra ananta aura utkRSTa jJAna-darzana svabhAva se yukta mahAvIra jinendra ko namaskAra ho| vartamAna avasarpiNI ke cauthekAla ke aMtima bhAga meM-usake anta meM sAr3he tIna mAsa kama cAra varSa-zeSa raha jAne para-pAvAnagarI meM kArtika mAsa kI kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ke pratyUSakAla (pichale pahara) meM, svAti nakSatra meM bhagavata mahati-mahAvIra varddhamAna ne siddhi (nirvANa) prApta kiyA thaa| usa upalakSya meM triloka meM nivAsa karane vAle bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI aura kalpavAsI, catunikAya ke devoM ne saparivAra divya gaMdha, divya puSpa, divya dhUpa, divya carNa, divya nhavana-prakSAlana (aMgokSanA) dvArA niraMtara arcA kI, pUjA kI, vaMdanA kI, namaskAra kiyA aura parinirvANa mahAkalyANa pUjA kI thii| maiM bhI nityakAla vahI arcA-pUjA-vandanA-namaskAra karatA huuN| isake phalasvarUpa mere du:khoM kA kSaya ho, karmo kA kSaya ho, mujhe bodhi (ratnatraya) kI prApti ho, sugati meM gamana ho, samAdhimaraNa ho, aura mujhe jinendra bhagavAna ke guNoM kI prApti ho| (hamAre lie) jJAna zaraNa hai, darzana zaraNa hai, cAritra zaraNa hai, tapa aura saMyama zaraNa haiM tathA (sarvopari) bhagavAna mahAvIra zaraNa haiN| unhIM kA nAma mahAvIra hai jinhoMne samasta rAjya vaibhava kA parityAga karake pravrajyA (dIkSA) lI aura kAma-krodha Adi mahAna zatruoM ke pakSa kA nigraha kiyaa|
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________________ 4] jayai jagajIva joNI viyANao jagaguru jagANando / jagaNAho jagabandhU jayai jagappiyAmaho'bhayavaM // jayai suyANayabhavo, titthayarANaM apacchimo jayai / jaya guruloyANaM, jayai mahappA mahAvIro // bhadda savvajagujjoyagassa, bhadda jiNassa bhadda surAsura namasiyassa, bhadda vIrassa / dhuyarayassa // - nandI sUtra se savvadasI abhibhUyanANI nirAmagaMdhe dhiiyaM ThiyA / aNuttare savvajagaMti vijjaM, gaMthAtIte abhae aNAU // se bhUpaNe aNi acArI, ohaMtare dhIre anaMta cakkhU / aNuttare tapai surie vA, vairoryANade va tamaM pagAse // thaNiyaM va saddANa aNuttare u, candovva tArANa mahANubhAve / gandhesu vA candaNamAha seTTha, evaM muNINaM apaDintamAhu || johesu NAe jaha vIsaseNa, puSphesu vA jaha araviMda mAhu / khattINa seTThe jaha daMtavakke, isINa seTThe taha vaddhamANe // - sUyagaDAMga carAcara jagata (samasta jIva yoniyoM) ke jJAtA, jagatguru, jagat ko Ananda dene vAle, jagannAtha, jagat bandhu, jagat-pitAmaha, abhayarUpa, dvAdazAGga zruta ke janaka, apazcima [aMtima] tIrthaMkara, lokaguru, mahAtmA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jaya ho / samasta vizva ko ( apane jJAnAloka se ) prakAzita karane vAle, rAgadveSa ke vijetA, mahAna vIra, devoM aura asuroM dvArA abhivandita, karmamala se rahita, bhagavAna mahAvIra hamArA ( samasta loka ) kA bhadra yA kalyANa karane vAle haiM / dRSTA the, kAma, krodhAdi antaraMga : zatruoM ko jItakara pAlana karate the, aTala vIra puruSa the, apane Atma adhyAtmavidyA ke pAragAmI the, samasta parigrahoM ke bhagavAna mahAvIra saba padArthoM ke jJAtA evaM ve kevalajJAnI bane the, ve nirdoSa caritra kA svarUpa meM sthira the, sAre jagata meM sarvotkRSTa tyAgI, nirbhaya, mRtyuJjayI evaM ajara amara the / unakI prajJA vizvamaMgalakArI thI, ve apratibaddha vihArI the, saMsAra sAgara ko pAra karane vAle the, upasarga pariSahoM ko sahane meM dhIra, ananta padArthoM ke sAkSAt dRSTA, jJAtA, sUryasama utkRSTa tejasvI, vairocana agni ke samAna ajJAnAndhakAra naSTa kara jJAna ke prakAzaka the 1 jisa prakAra zabdoM meM meghagarjanA kA zabda anupama hai, tArAmaNDala meM candra mahAprabhAvazAlI hai, sugandhita padArthoM meM bAvanA caMdana zreSTha hai, usI prakAra bhUmaNDala ke samasta muniyoM meM ihaloka - paraloka kI vAsanA se sarvathA mukta yaha mahAvIra zreSTha the jisa prakAra vIra yoddhAoM meM vAsudeva mahAna haiM, phUloM meM aravinda kamala mahAna hai, kSatriyoM meM cakra - vartI mahAna hai, usI prakAra RSiyoM meM zrI varddhamAna bhagavAna mahAvIra sabase mahAna the / /
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________________ teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre Aigare titthayare sahasaMbuddha parisuttame purisasIhe purisavara puMDarIe purisavara gaMdhahatthI loguttame logaNAhe logahie logapaIve logapajjoyagare abhayadae cakkhudae maggadae saraNadae bohidae dhammadae dhammadesae dhammaNAyage dhammasArahI dhammavaracauraMta cakkavaTTI appaDihayavaraNANadaMsaNadhare viyadRchaume jiNe jANae buddha bohae gutte moyae savvaNNU savvadarisI sivamayalamarugaNaMtamakkhayamavvA bAhamappuNarAvittiyaM siddhigainAmadheyaM ThANaM / -bhagavatI sUtra siddhattharAya piyekAriNIhi kuMDale viire| uttara phAgguNi rikkhe cittapsiyA terasIe uppaNNo // -yativRSabhAcArya vAsANUNattIsaM paMcayamAse ya vIsa divase ya, cauviha aNagArehiM bArahahi gaNehi viharato / pacchA pAvANayare kattiyamAse ya kiNha coddasie, sAdIe rattIe sesarayaM chettuMNivvAo // amAvasIe pariNivvANa pUjA sayala devidehi kayAti // -jayadhavala usa kAla usa samaya meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI vahAM pdhaare| ve bhagavAna kaise the? isake lie kahA hai ki ve Adikara, tIrthakara, svayaM saMbuddha, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puruSavara, puNDarIka, puruSavara gandhahastI, lokottama, lokanAtha, lokahitakara, lokapradIpa, lokapradyotakara abhayadAtA, cakSudAtA, mArgadAtA, zaraNadAtA, bodhidAtA, dharmadAtA, dharmopadezaka, dharmanAyaka, dharmasArathi, dharmavara-cAturantacakravartI, apratihata jJAna-darzana ke dhAraka, chadmasthatA se nivRtta jina, jJAyaka, buddha, bodhaka, mukta, mocaka, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI the / ve ziva, acala, roga rahita, ananta, akSaya, avyAbAdha, punarAgamana rahita, siddha gati ko prApta karane kI icchA vAle the| kuNDalapura meM mahArAja sirddhArtha aura mahArAnI priyakAriNI trizalA ke ghara caitra zukla trayodazI ke zubha dina uttarA phAlguNi nakSatra meM una vIra prabhu kA janma huaa| aura (kevala jJAna ke uparAnta) untIsa varSa pAMca mAsa tathA bIsa dina taka bAraha gaNoM meM saMgaThita caturvidha saMgha ke sAtha vihAra karate hue anta meM pAvAnagarI meM kAttika mAsa kI kRSNa caturdazI kI rAtri ke antima bhAga meM svAti nakSatra ke rahate zeSa (aghAtiyA) karmoM kA chedana karake nirvANa prApta kiyaa| usa upalakSya meM amAvasyA ke dina samasta devendroM ne milakara parinirvANa pUjA kii|
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________________ 6 ] jaM raryANi ca samaNe bhayavaM mahAvIre kAlagae jAva savva dukkhappahINe taMraryANi ca NaM nava mallai nava lecchai kAsI - kosalagA aTThArasavi gaNarAyANo amAvasIe pArAbhoyaM posahovavAsaM paTThavasu gae se bhAvajjoe davvujjoaM karissAmo // apabhraMza pATha --kalpasUtra dukkara tavacaraNArao khaMti khamo uggabaMbhaceroya / appa para tulla citto moNavyaya pANAbhoI ya // -- nemicandra viddha siya- raivai paNavepaNu samma Na peme suravai- Naravai-phaNivai-payaDiya sAsaNu / nidiya dummai Nimmala-magga- payAsaNu // NisaNNo mahAvIra - saNNo / jaINaM jae saMjaNaM // khamA saMjamANaM / tamIsaM damANaM jamANaM uhANaM ramANaM dayA-vaDDhamANaM sireNaM pabuddhattha-mANaM // jiNe vaDDhamANaM / NamAmo // - puSpadanta jisa rAtri meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AtmA ko samasta duHkhoM se chur3A kara nirvANa prApta kiyA usa rAtri ko navamalla, navalicchavi aura kAsI - kosalAdi pradezoM ke aThAraha gaNarAjAoM ne ekatra hokara proSadhopavAsapUrvaka amAvasyA ko nirvANa pUjana kI, aura bhAvajyoti kA avasAna huA hama usake sthAna meM dravya jyoti kareM, aisA kahakara dopamAlA prajvalita kI / ( dIkSA ke uparAnta) vaha usa duSkara tapazcaraNa meM rata ho gaye, jisakI vizeSatAe~ kSAMti, kSamA (upazama) aura umra brahmacarya the / usa pANitalabhojI, maunI yogirAja kA hRdaya Atma-anAma (ApA-para) ke prati samatA se pUrNa thA / maiM una sanmati bhagavAna ko praNAma karatA hU~ jinhoMne kAmadeva kA parAbhava kiyA, jinakA zAsana surapati, narapati tathA nAgapati dvArA prakaTita huA, jinhoMne kujJAna kI niMdA kI aura nirmala mokSamArga kA prakAzana kiyA / vaha mahAvIra bhautika prema meM anAsakta rahe, samasta yatiyoM evaM AryikAoM ke Iza the, dama, yama, kSamA, saMyama evaM abhyudaya aura niHzreyasa rUpa ubhaya lakSmI tathA sampUrNa tattvArtha ke jJAtA the, vRddhi - zIla dayA ke sAkSAt rUpa aise una vardhamAna jinako maiM mastaka jhukAkara namana karatA hU~ 1
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________________ jiyavaMdivi taha goyamu gaNesu, Niya Nayaru pattu seNiu garesu / dahati uNavarisi viharivi jiNeMdu, payaDevi dhammu mahiyalu aNeMdu // pAvApura majjhihiM jiNesu, vediNasaha ujjhivi mutti iisu| causeha kammaha kari viNAsu, saMpattau siddha NivAsu vAsu // devAlI ammAvasa aleu, mahodeu vohi devAhi deu / caudevaNikAyahaM aimaNujja, aivi viraiya NivvANapujja // __ -yazaHkoti jiNa janmaho aNudiNa sohamANa, Niya kula siri dekSevi vaDDhamANa / siya bhANukalAi sahu~ surehi, siri sehara-rayaNahi bhAsurehiM // dahame diNi taho bhava bahu niveNa, kiu vaDDhamANa iu NAmu teNa // -zrIdhara paya-sattu mahIyali caliyau jAma, iMde paNaveppiNu deu tAm / sasipaha sivihiM maMDivi jiNiMdu, Arovivi uccayiuaNiMdu // -raIdhu jaya jaya jaya vIra vIriya-NANa aNaMta suhaa| mahu khamahi bhaDArA tihuaNasArA kavaNu paramANu tuhA // -jayamitra halla zreNika rAjA kI rAjadhAnI (rAjagRha ke vipulAcala para) gautama gaNeza dvArA vaMdita hokara tIsa varSa taka jinendra mahAvIra ne vihAra karake pRthvI para sukhadAyI dharma kA upadeza diyaa| anta meM madhyamA pAvApurI meM pahuMca kara una muktIza jinezvara ne yogoM kA nirodha kiyaa| una devAdhideva mahAdeva kI nirvANa prApti ke upalakSya meM amAvasyA ko divAlI manI, cAroM nikAya ke devoM aura manuSyoM ne vahA~ ekatra hokara nirvANa pUjA kii| bhagavAna ke janma ke uparAnta nityaprati unake kula kI zrI-lakSmI varddhamAna huI, jisa prakAra dina meM sUrya kI kalAe~ aura rAtri meM candramA kI kalAeM bar3hatI haiM / ataeva janma se dasaveM dina una bhavAvalinAzaka bhagavAna kA 'varddhamAna' nAma rakkhA gayA / (jaba bhagavAna ne jina dIkSA lI to) sAta paga to bhUmigocarI manuSya tathA tadanantara devaloka ke indra jinendra bhagavAna ko zaziprabhA nAmaka pAlakI meM baiThAkara ukta pAlakI ko apane kaMdhoM para dIkSA-vana meM le gye| anantajJAna evaM ananta sukha ke dhanI, he vIra bhaTTAraka mujhe zaraNa meM lo, tIna loka meM tumhAre samAna dUsarA kauna hai ? tumhArI jaya ho, jaya ho, jaya ho !
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________________ kasovale abhavva saMgamassu bhAvisAmale, supattu jassu dhIradA suvaNNu jAu ujjlu| suriMda cakkavAgavAsarAhiNAdhu so jiNu, sabhattihaM maNussahaM suhAya NAdanaMdaNu // 1 // sakammarogahiM papIDiyA pavaDDhaveyaNA, malINavAsaNAgulA apattha sevaNAyarA / kahaM nu huMta mANavA na huMta bhUtale jaI, parovagAraladdha jamma dhamma vijjagA jiNA // 2 // vimuttimaggadasaNaggabAru vigghavajjiu, duranta duggadippavesarohaloha agglu| jayappayAsu sAmi joga khemakAraguttamu, kareu naTTha dukkhajAlu so maI jiNAgamu // 3 // -kalyANavijaya saMskRta pATha namaH zrI vardhamAnAya niddhata klilaatmne| sAlokAnAM trilokAnAM yadvidyA drpnnaayte|| kolmahatyA bhuvi varddhamAnaM tvAM varddhamAnaM stuti gocaratvam / ninISavaH smovayamadya vIraM vizIrNa-doSA''zaya-pAzabandham // dayAdamatyAga samAdhi niSThaM naya pramANa-prAkRtAJja sArtham / adhRSyamanyairakhilaH pradaiijina tvadIyaM matamadvitIyam // abhavya saMgama rUpI kRSNa kaSopala (kAlI kasauTI) para kasA jAkara ApakA apUrva dhairya samujjvala svarNa kI bhAMti camaka uThA / vaha jJAta-nandana jinendra mahAvIra jo surendroM, cakravati narezoM, dikpAlAdi ke svAmI haiM, bhakta manuSyoM ko sukha deN| yadi pRthvItala para Apa jaise mahAparopakArI dharma vaidya kA suyoga na milatA to apane karmoM ke rogoM se pIr3ita, bar3hatI huI vedanA se trasta, nIca vAsanAoM se AkulavyAkula, apathya viSaya sevI manuSyoM kA kyA bhaviSya hotA ? kaise unakI sugati hotI ? he jinendra ! ApakI vANI (Agama) vimukti mArga ke agradvAra ke darzana karAne vAlI hai, samasta vighnoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai, duranta durgati meM praveza rokane ke lie lauha argalA hai, he svAmI vaha jagata ke tatvoM kI prakAzaka hai, uttama yoga-kSema kI kartA hai, vaha jinAgama mere dukha jAla ko naSTa kara de| kevalajJAna-lakSmI sampanna una bhagavAna varddhamAna ko namaskAra ho, jinhoMne apanI AtmA se samasta karmamala dho DAlA hai aura jinake jJAna meM alokAkAza sahita tInoM loka darpaNavat pratibiMbita hote haiN| he vIra jina ! Apa doSoM aura doSAzayoM ke pAzabandhana se mukta haiM, Apa nizcaya se RddhamAna, sarvotkRSTa aura abAdhya haiM, mahatI kIrti se bhUmaNDala para varddhamAna haiM (sarvatra Apa kI koti phailI hai), maiM ApakI stuti karane meM pravRtta hotA huuN|
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________________ sarvAntavattadguNa-mukhyakalpaM sarvAtazUnyaM ca mitho'napekSam / sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva // iti stutyaH stutyastridaza-munimukhyaiH praNihitaH, stutaH zakatyA zreyaH padamadhigastvaM jina! myaa| mahAvIro vIro durita-para-senA'bhivijaye, vidheyA me bhaktiM pathi bhavata evaa'prtinidhau| kIrtyA bhuvi bhAsitayA, vIratvaM guNasamutthayA bhAsitayA / bhAsoDDasamA'sitayA, soma iva vyomni kundshobhaa'sityaa|| tava jina zAsana vibhavo, jayati kalAvapi guNAnuzAsana vibhavaH / doSa kazAsana vibhavaH, stuvanti cainaM prabhAkRzAsana vibhavaH // tvaM jina gata-mada-mAyastava bhAvAnAM mumukSukAmadamAyaH / zreyAn zrImad mAyastvayA samAdezi saprayAmadamAyaH // he prabhu ! ApakA dharma zAsana naya-pramANa dvArA vastu tattva ko sarvathA spaSTa karane vAlA tathA samasta pravAdiyoM se abAdhya hone ke sAtha sAtha dayA, dama, tyAga aura samAdhiniSTa hai, ataeva saMsAra meM advitIya hai| (pichale pRSTha ke aMtima zloka kA artha) he svAmI ! ApakA dharma zAsana anekAnta rUpa hai tathApi suvyavasthita hai, usameM asaMgatatA aura virodha ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai| vaha samasta ApadAoM kA anta karane vAlA hai, akhaMDanIya hai, aura sabhI prANiyoM ke abhyudaya kA kAraNa hone se 'sarvodaya tIrtha' hai| he jinendra ! Apa mohAdi zatruoM kI senA ko pUrI taraha parAjita karane meM vIra haiM, niHzreyasa (mokSa) pada prApta karane se 'mahAvIra' haiM, jina devendroM aura munIndroM kI dUsare loga stuti karate haiM unake stutya haiM, aura ApakA mArga advitIya hai. ataeva Apa merI savizeSa bhakti ke bhAjana bno| he vIra prabhu ! Apa apane nirmala AtmIka guNoM se samutpanna dhavala kIrti se pRthvI maMDala para aise zobhAyamAna ho jaise ki kundapuSpoM kI AbhAvAlI nakSatramAlikA ke madhya candramA zobhAyamAna hotA hai| he jinendra ! Apa ke zAsana kI parama mahimA isa kalikAla meM bhI jayavaMta ho rahI hai| kAma-krodha Adi doSoM ko dUra karake jinake jJAna kI mahimA sarvatra prabhAvAna hai, aise gaNadharAdi deva bhI Apake isa mahimAmaya zAsana kI stuti karate haiN| he bIra jinendra ! Apa mAna aura mAyA se rahita haiM, mumukSuoM (mokSa ke abhilASiyoM) ko icchA pUrNa karane vAle haiM, arthAt bhakti bhAva se ApakI stuti karane vAle jana mAna aura mAyA ko zIghra hI chor3a dete haiM tathA Apa jaise hI guNoM ke dhAraka hone ke adhikArI zIghra hI bana jAte haiN|
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________________ giribhittyavadAnavataH zrImata iva dantinaH zravadAnavataH / tava zamavAdAnavato gata mUjitamapagata pramAdAnavataH // abhItyAvarddha mAnenaH zreyoguru saMjayan / abhItyA varddha mAnenaH zreyoguru saMjayan / nAnAnantanutAnta tAntita ninunnunnAnta nunnAMnRta nUtInega nitAntatAnitanute netonnatAnAM ttH| nunnAtItitanUnnati nitanutAnnIti ninUtAtanuntAntAnItitatAnnutAnana natAnno nUtananottu no|| prajJA sA smaratIti yA tava zirastadyannataM te pade, janmAdaH saphalaM paraM bhavabhidI matrAzrite te pade / mAMgalyaM ca sa yo ratastava mate gIH saiva yA tvA stute, te jJA ye praNatA janAH kramayuge devAdhidevasya te / janmAraNyazikhI stavaH smRtirapi klezAmbudhenauMH pade, bhaktAnaM paramaunidhI pratikRtiH sarvArthasiddhiH praa| vandIbhUtavatopi nonnatihatirnantuzca yeSAM mudA, dAtAro jayino bhavantu varadA devezvarAste sadA // -svAmi samantabhadraH jisa prakAra gaNDasthala se mada bahAte aura mArga ke parvatoM ke choroM ko vidAraNa karate hue uttama gajarAja kA svAdhIna gamana hotA hai vaise hI pRthvI para ApakA udAra, hitakArI, sabako abhayadAtA aura ekAMta matoM kA khaMDana karane vAlA sukhada vihAra huaa| he deva vinata jinendra ! jo buddhimAna ApakI stuti aura pUjA karatA hai, vaha saMsAra ke dukhoM se pIr3ita nahIM hotA aura saphala manoratha hokara mokSa sukha pAtA hai| he deva ! aneka bhavya jIvoM ne Apa ke vividha guNoM kI stuti kI hai, Apa dukhoM ko naSTa karane vAle haiM, antarahita haiM, Apane ekAntavAda rUpa asatya ko naSTa kara diyA hai, gaNadharAdi devoM ne ApakA ujjvala yaza saba ora phailAyA hai, Apa uttama puruSoM ke nAyaka haiM, unake dvArA pUjita haiM, ApakI mukha chavi stutya hai, he pUjyavara ! hama sAMsArika duHkhoM se pIr3ita aneka vyAdhiyoM se ghire haiM, hama Apa ke caraNoM meM vinata haiN| Apa hameM janma-maraNa kA anta karane vAlI mahAvidyA pradAna kIjie, hamAre naye baMdhane vAle pApoM ko naSTa kIjie aura zIghra hI bandhana mukta kiijie| he devadhideva ! buddhi vahI hai jo ki ApakA smaraNa kare, dhyAna kare, mastaka vahI hai jo Apake caraNoM meM jhukA rahe, vahI janma saphala hai jisameM bhavabhramaNa ko naSTa karane vAle Apake caraNoM kA Azraya . liyA gayA ho, vahI maMgalIka hai jo Apake mata meM anurakta ho, vANI vahI hai jo ki ApakI stuti kare, aura paMDitajana vahI haiM jo Apake caraNa-yugala meM nata rahate haiN| jinakA stavana bhava rUpI aTavI ko naSTa karane ke lie agni ke samAna hai, jinakA smaraNa duHkharUpa
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________________ * prazAntaM darzanaM yasya sarvabhUtA'bhayapradam / mAMgalyaM ca prazastaM ca zivastena vibhAvyate // jagannakAvasthaM yugapadakhilA'nanta viSayaM, yade tatpratyakSaM tava na ca bhavAn kasyacidapi / anenaivA'cintya-prakRti-rasa-siddhastu viduSAM, samIkSyatadvAraM tavaguNa-kathotkAvayamapi // nArthAn vivitsasi na vetsya si nA, 'pyavetsIna jJAtavAnasi na te'cyuta! vedyamasti / traikAlya-nitya-viSamaM yugapacca vizva, pazyasyacintya-caritAya namo'stu tubhyam // dUrAmAptaM yadacintya-bhUtijJAnatvayA janmajarA'ntakartR / tenA'si lokAnabhibhUya sarvAnsarvajJa! lokottamatAmupetaH // kriyAM ca saMjJAna-viyoga-niSphalAM kriyAvihInaM ca vibodhasaMpadam / nirasyatA kleza samUha-zAntaye tvayA zivAyA likhiteva pddhtiH|| samudra se pAra hone ke liye naukA ke samAna hai, jinake caraNa bhaktoM ke liye parama nidhAna haiM, jinakI pratimA saba kAryoM kI siddhi karane vAlI hai, jinheM saharSa praNAma karane vAle tathA jinakA maMgalagAna karane vAle mujha sevaka kI unnati nirbAdha hai, ve dAnazIla, karma vijetA devezvara bhagavAna mahAvIra sabake manoratha pUrNa kreN| jinakI prazAnta mUrti ke darzana mAtra se samasta prANI abhaya prApta karate haiM, vaha bhagavAna prazasta maMgalarUpa evaM kalyANamayI zobhAyamAna haiN| akhila vizva ke ananta viSaya aura unakI samasta paryAyeM jisake pratyakSa haiM. abhya kisI ko nahIM, aura prakRti-rasa-siddhavidvAnoM ke lie bhI jo acintya hai, aise ukta sarvajJadvAra kI samIkSA karake maiM ApakA guNagAna karane ko utsuka huA huuN| vizva ke trikAlavartI samasta sAkAra-nirAkAra, vyakta-avyakta, sUkSma-sthala, dRSTa-adRSTa, jJAta-ajJAta, vyavahita-avyavahita Adi padArtha apanI aneka ananta paryAyoM sahita Apa ko yugapata pratyakSa haiM. he bhagavAna acyuta ! Apako namaskAra ho ! he sarvAnsarvajJa ! kaThinAI se prApta hone vAle acintya tattvajJAna dvArA Apane janma-jarA-mRtyu ko jIta kara loka ko abhibhUta kiyA aura lokottamatA prApta kii| he prabha ! Apake sanmArga meM samyagjJAnarahita kriyA ko tathA kriyAvihIna jJAna ko kleza samUha kI zAnti aura zivaprApti ke artha niSphala batAyA hai|
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________________ 11] ya eva SaDjIva - nikAya - vistaraH parairanAlIDha aneka sarvajJa - parIkSaNa-kSamAstvayi prasAdodaya sotsavAH pathastvayoditaH / sthitAH // - siddhasenAcAryaH zrI mukhAlokanAdeva zrImukhAlokanaM bhaveta / AlokanavihInasya tatsukhAvAptayat kutaH // adyAbhavatsaphalatA nayanadvayasya, deva tvadIya caraNAmbuja vIkSaNena / adya triloka tilaka pratibhAsate me, saMsAravAridhiriyaM culaka pramANam // adya me kSAlitaM gAtraM netre ca vimalI kRte / snAto'haM dharmatIrtheSu jinendra tava darzanAt // namo namaH sattvahitaMkarAya, vIrAya bhavyAmbujabhAskarAya / anantalokAya surArcitAya devAdhidevAya namo jinAya // devAdhi deva paramezvara vItarAga / sarvajJa tIrthakara siddhamahAnubhAva // trailokyanAtha jinapuMgava varddhamAna | svAmin gato'smi zaraNaM caraNadvayaM // jayatujina varddhamAnastribhuvanahita dharmacakra nIraja bandhuH / tridazapati mukuTabhAsura cUDAmaNi razmiraMjitAruNa caraNaH // he vIra jina ! cha :kAya ke jIvoM kA jo vistAra Apane pratipAdita kiyA hai, vaisA koI anya nahIM kara skaa| ataeva jo loga sarvajJatva kI parIkSA karane meM samartha haiM, ve bar3e prasanna citta se Apake bhakta bane haiN| Aja bhagavAna jinendradeva ke zrImukha kA darzana karane mAtra se mukti rUpI lakSmI ke darzana ho gaye / jo bhagavamukha kA darzana nahIM karate, unheM yaha sukha kaise prApta ho sakatA hai / he deva ! Apake caraNa kamaloM kA darzana karane se mere netra saphala ho gaye / he triloka-tilaka Aja yaha saMsAra-sAgara mujhe cullU bhara pAnI ke samAna jAna par3atA hai / he jinendra ! Aja ApakA darzana karane se merA zarIra pravitra ho gayA, mere donoM netra nirmala ho gaye, Aja maine dharmarUpI tIrtha meM snAna kara liyA / jo bhagavAna varddhamAna samasta prANiyoM kA hita karane vAle haiM, praphullita karane vAle haiM, ananta lokAloka ko dekhane vAle haiM, mahAvIra jinendra ko namaskAra ho ! he devAdhideva ! he paramezvara ! he vItarAga ! he sarvajJa ! he tIrthaMkara ! he siddha ! he mahAnubhAva ! he trilokInAtha ! he jinavarazreSTha varddhamAna svAmI! maiM Apake yugala caraNa kamaloM kI zaraNa ko prApta hotA hU~ / ve varddhamAna jinendra jo tInoM lokoM kA hita karane vAle dharmacakra rUpI kamala ke liye sUrya haiM aura jinake bhavya rUpI kamaloM ko sUrya ke samAna devoM dvArA pUjita haiM, una devAdhideva
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________________ jaya jaya jaya trailokyakANDazobhi zikhAmaNe / nuva nuda nuda svAntadhvAntaM jagatkamalArka nH|| naya naya naya svAmin zAntiM nitAntamananti mAM / nahi nahi nahi trAtA laukaikamitra bhavatparaH // citte mukhe zirasi pANipayoja yugme / bhaktiM stuti vinati majjalimajjasaiva // cekrIyate carikarIti carIkaroti / yazcarkaroti tava deva sa eva dhanyaH // padmavanadIpikAkula vividhada ma khaNDamaNDite ramye / pAvAnagarodyAne vyutsargeNa sthitaH sa muniH // kArtika kRSNAsyAnte svAtAvRkSe nihatya karmarajaH / avazeSaM saMprApadvyajarAmaramakSayaM saukhyam // pAvApurasya bahirUnnatabhUmideze, padmotpalAkulavatAM sarasAM hi madhye / zrIvarddha mAnajinadeva iti pratIto, nirvANamApa bhagavAnpravidhUtapApmA // aruNa caraNa yugala devarAja indra ke mukuTa meM daidIpyamAna cUDAmaNi ratna kI AbhA se aura bhI zobhAyamAna ho rahe haiM, sadA jayazIla hoM ! he bhagavAna ! Apa triloka ke atyanta suzobhita zikhAmaNi haiM, ata: ApakI jaya ho, jaya ho, jaya ho| he prabho! Apa jagata rUpI kamala ko khilAne vAle sUrya ho, ata: mere hRdaya ke mohAMdhakAra ko dUra kiijie| he svAmina ! mujhe kabhI samApta na hone vAlI atyanta zAnti diijie| he bhavya jIvoM ke advitIya mitra Apa ke sivA merI rakSA karane vAlA anya koI nahIM hai, nahIM hai, nahIM hai| he deva ! jo vyakti apane hRdaya meM Apa kI bhakti rakhatA hai, mukha se ApakI stuti karatA hai, mastaka se Apako namaskAra karatA hai aura apane hasta kamaloM ko bAra-bAra Apake sanmukha jor3atA hai, vaha isa loka meM atyanta dhanya hai| Apa kamaloM se bhare hue sarovara tathA nAnA prakAra ke vakSa samUha se suzobhita, pAvAnagara ke atyanta manohara udyAna meM pahuMcakara kAyotsarga se virAjamAna hue aura kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA ke prAta:kAla, svAti-nakSatra meM, samasta avaziSTa karmoM se mukti pAkara Apane janma-jarA-maraNa Adi dukhoM se rahita avinAzIka akSaya saukhya prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra pAvApura ke bAhara, sUrya vikAsI evaM candra vikAsI kamaloM ke sarovaroM ke madhya, unnata bhUmi (Uce sthAna) para, kevala jJAna lakSmI ke svAmI, samasta pApoM kA nAza karane vAle, sarvaprasiddha bhagavAna varddhamAna jinendra ne nirvANa lAbha kiyaa|
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________________ ityevaM magavati vardhamAna caMdra, ___yaH stotraM paThati susaMdhyayo yohi / so'naMtaM paramasukhaM nRdevaloke, bhuktvAMte zivapadamakSayaM prayAti // -pUjyapAdAcAryaH jayatyananta saMsAra pArAvArakasetavaH / mahAvIrAhataH pUtAzcaraNAmbujareNavaH // -altema zi0 le0 (542 I0) vizAlA jananI yasya vizAlaM kulameva ca / vizAlaM vacanaM cAsya tena vaizAliko jinH|| -sUtrakRtAMga TIkA sanmatirmahatirvIro mahAvIro'ntya kAzyapaH / nAthAnvayo vardhamAno yattIrtha miha sAmpratam // -dhanaJjayaH suprabhAtaM jinendrasya vIraH kamalalocanaH / yena karmATavI dagdhA zukladhyAnogravanhinA // -suprabhAtastotra tvayA nAtha jagatsuptaM mahAmoha nizAgatam / jJAnabhAskara bimbena bodhitaM puratejasA // jo bhavya jIva prAtaHkAla aura sAyaMkAla donoM samaya vardhamAna magavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke isa stotra kA bhaktipUrvaka pATha karatA hai, vaha manuSyaloka aura devaloka ke parama sukhoM kA upabhoga karate hue anta meM mokSa rUpI akSaya saurakhyadhAma ko prApta hotA hai| jo ananta pArAvAra saMsAra ko pAra karane ke lie eka mAtra setu haiM, aise arhat mahAvIra ke caraNarUpI kamaloM kI raja jayavanta ho| jinakI jananI kA nAma vizAlA thA, jinakA kula bhI vizAla (ucca) thA, jinake vacana bizAlAzaya the, aise yaha vaizAlika (upanAma dhArI) mahAvIra jina the| jinakA vartamAna meM dharmatIrtha cala rahA hai vaha sanmati vIra, mahativIra, mahAvIra, kAzyapa, nAthAnvayI, bhagavAna vardhamAna haiN| jina kamala-locana bhagavAna mahAvIra jinendra ne zukladhyAna rUpI pracaMDa agni ke dvArA kama rUpI vana ko bhasma kara diyA hai (unake prasAda se merA) suprabhAta ho / he vIranAtha ! mahAmoha rUpI nizA ke madhya soye par3e isa saMsAra ko Apane apane amita tejapUrNa jJAna sUrya dvArA jagAyA hai|
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________________ namaste vItarAgAya sarvajJAya mahAtmane / yAtAya durgamaM kUlaM saMsArodanvataH param // bhavatA sArthavAhena bhavya cetana vANijAH / yAsyanti vitanusthAnaM doSa caarairlunnttitaaH|| pravartitastvayA panthA vimalaH siddhagAminAm / karmajAlaM ca nirdagdhaM jvalita dhyAnavanhinA // nirbandhUnAmanAthAnAM duHkhAgni parivartinAm / bandhu thazca jagatAM jAto'si paramodayaH // kathaM kuryAttava stotraM yasyAntaparivarjitAH / upamAnena nirmuktA guNaH kevaligocarAH // -raviSaNAcAryaH zuddhajJAna prakAzAya lokAlokaika bhaanve| namaH zrI vartamAnAya varddhamAna jinezine // -jinasenAcAryaH he bhagavAn ! Apa vItarAga ho, sarvajJa ho, mahAtmA ho, aura saMsAra rUpI sAgara ke durgama aMtima taTa para pahu~ca gaye ho, ata: Apako namaskAra ho| Apa aise uttama sarthavAha ho ki bhavya jIva rUpI aneka vyApArI Apa ke netRtva meM, Apake sAtha,nirvANa dhAma ko prApta hoMge, aura rAha meM doSa rUpI luTere unheM nahIM lUTa skeNge| Apane mokSabhilASiyoM ko nirmala mokSa kA mArga dikhAyA hai, aura dhyAna rUpI agni se karmoM ke samUha ko bhasma kara diyA hai| jinakA koI bandhu nahIM, jinakA koI nAtha nahIM una duHkharUpI agni meM jalate hue saMsArI jIvoM ke Apa hI bandhu ho, Apa hI nAtha ho, aura Apa hI unheM parama abhyudaya prApta karAne vAle ho| he bhagavan ! hama Apake guNoM kA stavana kaise kara pAveM, jaba ki ve ananta haiM, upamA rahita haiM, aura kevala jJAniyoM ke viSaya haiN| jinakA zuddhajJAna rUpI prakAza sargatra phaila rahA hai, jo loka aura aloka ko prakAzita karane ke lie advitIya sUrya haiM, tathA jo ananta catuSTaya rUpI lakSmI se sadA vRddhiMgata haiM, aise zrI vardhamAna jinendra ko namaskAra ho|
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________________ saMsAra dAvAnala dAha nIraM, saMmoha dhUloharaNe samIraM / mAyArasa dAraNa sAra sIraM, namAmi vIraM girisAra dhIraM // -haribhadrasUriH stheyAjjAta jayadhvajA'pratinidhiH prodbhUta bhUriprabhuH, pradhvastAkhila-durnaya-dviSadibhaH sannIti saamrthytH| sanmArgastrividhaH kumArga'mathanorhanvIranAthaH zriye, zazvatsaMstuti-gocaro'naghadhiyAM zrI satyavAkyAdhipaH // -vidyAnaMdaH zrIvardhamAnamanizaM jinavardhamAnaM tvAM taM naye stutipathaM pathi saMpradhaute / yo'ntyo'pi tIrthakaramagrimamapyajaiSIt / ___ kAle kalau ca pRthulIkRtadharma tiirthH|| devA vIrajino'yamastu jagatAM vandyaH sadA mUni me // -guNabhadrAcAryaH zriyaM trilokItilakAyamAnAmAtyantikI jJAtasamastatattvAm / upAgataM sanmatimujjvalokti vande jinendra hatamohamandram // saMsAra rUpI dAvAnala kI jvAlA ko zAnta karane ke lie jala ke samAna, saMmoha rUpI dhuli ko ur3Ane ke lie vAyu ke samAna, aura mAyA ke rasa ko sukhAne ke lie sUrya ke samAna tathA parvatarAja ke samAna dhIra vIra prabhu ko namaskAra ho / advitIya vijetA, mahat prabhutva ke dhArI, apanI sannIti kI sAmarthya se durnayarUpI zatrugajoM ke saMhAra meM siMha ke samAna, kumArgoM kA mathana karane vAle, sAkSAt ratnatraya kI mUti, kaluSita Azaya se rahita sudhIjanoM dvArA sadaiva saMstRta, zrI sampanna, satya vAkyoM ke adhipati, ahaMnta vIranAtha (mahAvIra) kalyANArtha loka hRdayoM meM nivAsa kreN| jo mokSa rUpI lakSmI se nirantara vRddhi ko prApta haiM, jinhoMne isa kalikAla meM bhI dharmatIrtha kA bhArI vistAra kiyA hai, aura isa prakAra jo antima tIrthaMkara hote hue bhI pUrvavartI tIrthakaroM se Age bar3ha gaye haiM, aise zrI vardhamAna jinendra kI maiM stuti karatA huuN| sampUrNa jagata dvArA vandanIya devAdhideva zrI vIra jinendra sadaiva mere mastaka para virAjamAna rheN| jo tInoM lokoM meM zroSTha, bhavinAzI sarvajJatvalakSmI ko prApta the, jinake vacana nirdoSa (pUrvApara virodha rahita) the, aura jinhoMne moharUpI tandrA ko naSTa kara diyA thA, una sanmati jinendra mahAvIra kI maiM vandanA karatA huuN|
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________________ zrIvIra yadyatha vacoruciraM na te syAd mavyAtmanAM khalu kuto bhuvitattvabodhaH / tejo vinA dinakarasya vibhAtakAle padmA vikAsamupayAnti kimAtmanaiva // asnehasaMyutadazo jagadekadIpazcintAmaNiH kaThinatArahitAntarAtmA / avyAlavRttisahito haricandanAgastejonidhistvamasi nAtha nirAkRtoSmA // - vardhamAnacarite asagaH zrI varddhamAna vacasA para-mA-kareNa, ratnatrayottama-nidheH paramA''kareNa / kurvanti yAni munayo'janatA hi tAni, vRttAni santu satataM janatA hitAni // - siddhapriyastotre devanaMdiH saddRSTi-jJAna-vRttAtmA mokSamArgaH sanAtanaH / AvirAsIdyato vandya tamahaM vIramacyutam // -prabhAcandraH zrIsabhAyAM samabhyetya zrIvIraM jinanAyakam / pUjayAmAsa pUjyoyamastAvIcca punaH punaH // -vAdIbhasiMhaH he vIra jinendra ! yadi Apake manohArI vacana na hote to nizcaya se isa bhUtala para bhavya jIvoM ko tattva bodha kaise hotA ? prabhAtakAla meM sUrya ke teja ke binA kyA kamala Apa se Apa vikasita ho jAte haiM ? [ 17 nAtha ! Apa jagata ke aise advitIya dIpaka haiM ki jisakI dazA (bAtI) sneha (tela) rahita hai ( arthAt Apa vItarAga dazA meM sthita haiM), Apa cintAmaNi ( manavAMchita dene vAle ratna ) haiM, kintu ApakI antarAtmA kaThoratA (nirdayatA) se zUnya hai, Apa haricandanataru haiM kintu vahA~ sarpoM kA abhAva hai (arthAt Apa paropakArI dayAlu ceSTAoM se yukta haiM), Apa teja ke nidhi haiM kintu ( mana kI ) USmA (garga) kA nirAkaraNa karane vAle haiM / utkRSTa lakSmI ke kAraNa, samyagdarzana- jJAna-caritra rUpa ratnatraya ke bhaMDAra, zrI vaddhamAna ke vacanoM ke Azraya se munijana Atmahita sAdhana karate haiM aura sAmAnya jana bhI avikArI sukha prApta karate haiM / una bhagavAna kA aisA vRtta samasta janoM ke lie satat hitakArI ho ! maiM una acyuta vIra prabhu ko namaskAra karatA hU~ jinake dvArA samyagdarzana- jJAna caritra rUpa ratnatrayAtmaka sanAtana mokSamArga AvirbhUta huA / jinendroM meM pramukha zrI mahAbIra kI pUjA ke lie zrIsabhA (samavasaraNa) meM Akara (indra ne ) unako pUjA karake bAra-bAra stuti kI thI /
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________________ agalanijAmatIta-doSamavAlya-vidhAtamakatva-jyam / zrI parvamAnaM jinamAptamukhyaM svayambhuvaM stotumahaM yatiSye // tava preSyo'smi dAso'smi sevako'smi asmikikrH| oma-iti pratipadyasva nAtha! nAtaH paraM ve|| -hemacandrAcAryaH gatAnto vidyAnAM tridazavanitAnAmadhipati, naM zakto yasyAsIdguNalavamapi stotumakhilam / mahimnAmAdhAro bhuvana vitatadhvAnta tapanaH, sa bhUyAnno vIro janana jaya sampattijananaH // -vardhabhAnacarite dAmanandiH vIramapAracaritrapavitraM, karmamahIruhamUlalavitram // saMsArApratipratibodha, pariniSkramaNaM kevala bodham // parinivRtti sukhabodhitabodhaM, sArAsAra vicAra vibodham // vande mandAramastakapIThe, kRtajanmAbhiSanaM nutapIThe // darzanAnsa vilabdhi vikaraNaM, kevala bodhAmRta sukhakaraNam // -mAghanandiH ananta jJAna ke dhanI, samasta doSoM se rahita, akATya siddhAMta ke pratipAdaka, devoM dvArA pUjita, AptapuruSoM meM pramukha, svayaMbhU, aise varddhamAna jinendra kI stuti karane kA maiM prayatna karatA huuN| maiM tumhArA preSya hU~, dAsa hu~, sevaka hU~, kiMkara hU~, basa itanA kahado nAtha ! ki maiM aisA hU~, isake atirikta phira mujhe kucha kahanA zeSa nahIM hai-vahI mere lie paryApta hai| jinhoMne samasta vidyAoM kA pAra pA liyA hai, jinake akhila guNoM kI lavamAtra stuti karane meM devAMganAoM kA adhipati svayaM indra bhI samartha nahIM hai, jinakA nAma hI loka meM bhavAtApa se bacane ke lie eka mAtra AdhAra hai, vaha vIra jina samasta jaya aura sampatti ke janaka haiN| hai vIra jina ! Apa apAra pavitra caritra ke dhArI, karmarUpI vRkSa kA unmUlana karane vAle, saMsAra ke pratibodhakoM meM apratima, abhiniSkramaNa karake (dIkSA lekara) kaivalya prApta karane vAle, parinirvANa ke sUkha kI anubhUti evaM bodha karAne vAle, tattvAtattva vicAra kA jJAna dene vAle, sumeru zikhara sthita (pAMDuka zilA para) devendroM dvArA vaMdita siMhAsana para janmAbhiSikta, darzanAdi (nava kevala) labdhiyoM se suzobhita, sukhakara kaivalyajJAna rUpI amata kA pAna karane vAle haiN| ,
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________________ sanmatijina sarasijadhavana / manitAkhila karmakamadhanaM / pdmsrovrmdhygtendr| pAvApuri mahAvIra jinendr|| vIra bhavodadhipArottAraM / mukti-zrI-vadhu-nagara-vihAraM // vidizakaM tIrtha pavitraM / janmAbhiSakRta nirmalagAtraM // vardhamAna nAmAkhya vishaalN| mAnapramANa lakSaNa dazatAlaM // zatruvimanthana vikaTabhaTaviraM / iSTaizvaryadhurIkRtadUraM // kuMDalapuri siddhArtha bhUpAlaM / tatpatnI priyakAriNI bAlaM // tatkulanalina vikaashithNsN| ghAtapuroghAtika vidhvaMsaM // jJAnadivAkara lokAlokaM / nijita kArAti vizokaM / / bAlavayassaMyama supAlitaM / mohamahAnala mathana vinItaM // -zrAzAdharaH zrImate kevalajJAna sAmrAjyaphyazAline / namo vIrAya bhavyoghe dharmatIrthapravatine // -sakalakottiH yadIyA vAggaMgA vividhanaya-kallola-vimalA, bahajjJAnAmbhobhirjagati janatAM yA snapayati / idAnImapyeSA budha-jana-marAlaiH paricitA, mahAvIra svAmI nayana-patha-gAmI bhavatu me // -bhAgenduH kamala jaisI mukha zrI vAle jinanAtha sanmati ne samasta karmoM ko pUrNatayA mathaDAlA / pAvApurI meM padma sarovara ke madhya una mahAvIra jinendra ne nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| vaha vIra prabhu saMsArarUpI sAgara se pAra utArane vAle aura mukti rUpI lakSmIvadhu meM sadA vilAsa karane vAle haiN| janmAbhiSeka se hue nirmala deha vAle vaha bhagavAna caubIsaveM pavitra tIrtha ke kartA haiN| unakA vizAla Azaya vAlA vardhamAna nAma hai aura unake zarIra kA mAna daza tAla hai| karma zatruoM ke unmUlana meM vaha adrata subhaTa vIra haiM, aura sAMsArika vaibhava kI dhurI ko hI unhoMne apane se dUra kara diyA hai| kuNDalapura ke mahArAja siddhArtha kI dharmapatnI priyakAriNI ke vaha lADale putra haiN| unake kularUpI kamala ko vikasita karane ke lie sUrya ke samAna haiM tathA samasta ghAta-pratighAta ke visadhvaMka haiN| apane jJAna sUrya se lokAloka ko prakAzita karake tathA karma zatraoM ko parAjita karake vaha vizoka hue haiN| bAlavaya se hI saMyama kA samyaka pAlana karake tathA moharUpI mahAagni kA zamana karake ukta moha ko unhoMne vinIta banA diyA hai| zrI sampanna kevalajJAna rUpI sAmrAjya ke svAmI una vIra prabhu ko namaskAra ho, jinhoMne bhavya janoM ke hitArtha dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kiyA thaa| jina vANIrUpI gaMgA meM anekavidha nirmala naya kallola karatI haiM, jisake bRhad jJAnarUpI jala meM jagata kI janatA snAna karatI hai, tathA jisase budha jana rUpI haMsa suparicit haiM, vaha mahAvIra svAmI mere nayana pathagAmI hoN|
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________________ 20 ] -: vIra ! tvamAnandabhuvAma vIraH mIro guNAnAM jgtaamaarH| eko'pi sampAtitamAmaneka-lokAnanekAntamatenaneka // yajjJAnamasta sakalapratibandhabhAvAd, vyApnoti vizvagapi vizvabhavAMzca bhAvAn / bhadra tanotu bhagavAna jagate jino'sAvastha na smayarayAbhinayAdidoSAH // -jJAnasAgaraH syAditi vAdaH suvacanamamRtaM te jina saMsRti gadamapahartR / mArajayI tvaM haramadaharaNo nAva suvaMza tilaka iha loke // jJAnavatI zrIH jhaTiti bhavatume bhaktivazAt tvmunignnvNdyaa| svAtmajasiddhivasukha-janikA sanmatideva ! sakala vimalA syAt // vardhamAno mahAvIro zrImAn siddhArthanaMdanaH / tvatsaMstuteH smRtezcApi vighnaughaH pralayaM vrajet // -jJAnamatI mAtAjI asitagiri samaM syAtkajjlaM sindhupAtre, surataruvarazAkhAlekhanI patramUrvI / likhati yadi gRhItvA zAradA sarvakAlaM, tadapi tavaguNAnAM vIra ! pAraM na yAti // -ajJAta he vIra bhagavan ! Apa Ananda kI bhUmi hokara avIra ho, aura guNoM ke mIra hokara bhI jagata ke amIra ho| Apane eka hokara bhI apane anekAnta darzana dvArA anekoM ko ekatA ke sUtra meM bAMdha diyaa| jinakA jJAna samasta pratibandhaka kAraNoM kA abhAva ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa akhila vizva ke samasta padArthoM ko vyApta kara rahA hai-sAkSAt jAna rahA hai, tathA jinameM mada, matsara, Avega, rAga, dveSAdi doSa nahIM rahe, vaha mahAvIra bhagavAna sampUrNa jagata kA kalyANa kreN| paramparopajIbAbAma
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________________ bhASA stutiyA~ mahAvIra chanda praNamIya bIra vibuhajaNa raMjaNa, madamai mAna mahAbhaya bhaMjaNa / guNa gaNa varNana karIya bakhANu, yati jaNa yogIya jIvana jANu // neha geha zuddha deza videhaha, kuMDalapura vara puhavi sudehaha / siddhi vRddhi vardhaka siddhAratha, nara vara pUjita narapati sAratha // siddhAratha suta siddhi-vRddhi vAMchita vara dAyaka, priyakAriNI vara putra saptahastonnata kAyakaM / dvAsaptati vara varSa Ayu siMhAMka sumaMDita, cAmIkara vara varNa zaraNa gautama yati paMDita / garbha doSa dUSaNa rahita zuddha garbha kalyANa karaNa, 'zubhacandra sUri' sevita sadA puhavi pApa paMkaha haraNa / -zubhacandra bhaTTAraka vIrajina stuti dir3ha karmAcala dalana pavi, mavi saroja ravi rAya / kaMcana chavi kara jora kavi, namata vIra jina pAya // rahau dUra aMtara kI mahimA, bAhija gunavaranana bala kA pai| eka hajAra ATha lacchana tana, teja koTi ravi kirani uthApai // surapati sahasa AMkha aMjulisau, rUpAmRta pIvata nahiM dhApai / tuma bina kauna samartha vIra jina, jagasau kAr3hi mokha maiM thApai // -bhUdharadAsa pada aba moha tAra lehu mahAvIra / / siddhAratha-nandana jagavandana, pApa nikandana dhIra // 1 // jJAnI dhyAnI dAnI jAnI, vAnI gahana gaMbhIra / mokSa ke kAraNa doSa nivAraNa, roSa vidAraNa vIra // 2 // samatA sUrata Ananda pUrata, cUrata Apada pIra /
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________________ 22 ] bAlayatI dRr3ha vratI samakiti, dukha dAvAnala nIra // 3 // guNa ananta bhagavanta anta nahIM, zazi kapUra hima hIra / 'dyAnata' ekahu guNa hama pAveM, dUra karai bhava bhIra // 4 // -dyAnatarAya prArthanA vIra jina carana pUjata, vIra jina Azraya rhaiN| vIra neha vicAra zivasukha, vIra dhIraja ko ghaiN| vIra indriya agha ghanere, vIra vijayI hauM shii| vIra prabhu mujha basahu cittanita, vIra karma nazAvahI // -navalazAha vIra jayamAlA jaya sArthaka nAma suvIra namoM, jayadharma dhuraMdhara vIra nmoN| jaya dhyAna mahAna turI car3hake, ziva kheta liyo ati hI bar3hike // jaya deva mahA kRtakRtya namoM, jaya jIvaudhArana vratya nmoN| jaya astra binA saba loka jaI, mamatA tumate prabhu dUra gaI // -manaraMgalAla jayamAla ganadhara asanidhara cakradhara, haladhara gadAdhara varavadA / aru cApadhara vidyAsudhara, tirasUladhara sevahiM sadA // duHkha harana Ananda bharana tArana tarana carana rasAla haiN| sukumAla guna-mani-mAla unnata bhAla kI jayamAla hai|| jaya kevala bhAnu kalA sadanaM, bhavi koka vikAzana kaMja vanaM / jaga jIta mahA ripu moha haraM, raja-jJAna dRgAMbara cUra karaM // prabhu mo hiya Apa sadA basiye, jabalauM basu karma nahIM nsiye| tabalauM tuma dhyAna hiye barato, tabalauM zruta ciMtana cittrto|| tabalauM vrata cArita cAhata hauM, tabalauM zubha bhAva sugAhata hauM / tabalauM satsaMgati nitta raho, tabalauM mama saMjama citta gho|| - jabalauM nahiM nAza karauM ariko, ziva nAri va samatA dhriko| yaha dyo tabalauM hamako jinajI, hama jAcatu haiM itanI sunajI //
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________________ [ 23 zrI sanmati ke jugala pada, jo pUrje dhara prIta / 'vaM dAvana' soM catura nara, lahaiM mukti navanIta // -vRndAvanadAsa pada jaya zrI vIra jinedracandra, zata-indra vaMdya jagatAraM // Teka // siddhAratha-kula-kamala amala-ravi, bhava-bhUdhara pavibhAraM // gunamani koSa adoSa moSapati, vipina kaSAya tuSAraM // 1 // madana-kadana ziva-sadana pada namita, nita anamita yatisAraM // ramA-ananta-kanta antaka kRta-aMta, jantu hitakAra // 2 // phanda candanA-kandana, dAdura-durita turita nirvAraM // rudra racita ati rudra upadrava, pavana adripati sAraM // 3 // antAtIta acintya suguna tuma, kahata lahata ko pAraM // he jaga maula "daula" tere krama, namai sIsa kara dhAraM // 4 // -daulatarAma pada darazana ke dekhata bhUkha TarI // Teka // samosarana mahAvIra virAja, tIna chatra zira upara chAjai / bhAmaMDala se ravi zazi lAjai, caMvara Dharata jaise meghajharI ||drshn0||1|| suranara muni jana baiThe sAre, dvAdaza sabhA sugaNadhara gyAre / sunata dharama bhaye haraSa apAre, bAnI prabhujI thArI prItibharI ||drshn0||2|| munivara dharama aura gRha vAsI, donoM rIti jineza prkaashii| sunata kaTI mamatA kI phA~sI, tRSNADAyana Apa marI ||drshn0||3|| tuma dAtA tuma brahma mahezA, tumahI dhanaMtara vaidya jinezA / kATo 'nayanAnanda' kalezA. tuma Izvara tuma rAma harI ||drshn0||4|| -nayanAnaMda pada (rAga horI) ___jo sukha cAho nirAkula, kyoM na bhajo. jinavIra // Teka // * Ayu ghaTai china hI china terI. jyoM aMjuli ko nIra // 1 // jo0 // E mAta tAtasuta nAri sujana koI, bhIra pare nahIM siir|
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________________ apanA lakhi pokhe so tero, vinasi jAyago sarIra // 2 // jo0 // ve prabhu dInadayAla jagataguru, jAnata haiM para pIra / bhAva sahita dhyAveM bhavi 'mAnika', pAveM bhavadadhi tIra // 3 // jo0 // -mAnikacanda mahAvIra vandanA bandU maiM jina vIra dhIra mahAvIra susanmati / vardhamAna ativIra baMdihoM mana-vaca-tana kRta // trizalA tanuja maheza dhIza vidyApati bandUM / baMndU nita prati kanaka rUpa tanu pApa nikaMdUM // 1 // siddhArathanRpanaMda dvada dukha doSa miTAvana / durita davAnala jvalita jvAla jagajIva udhArana / kuNDalapura kari janma jagavijaya Ananda kArana / varSa bahattari Ayu pAya sabahI dukha TArana // 2 // sapta-hasta-tanu tuMga bhaMgakRta janma-maraNa bhaya / bAla brahmamaya jJeya heya Adeya jJAna-maya // de upadeza udhAri tAri bhava siMdhu jIva ghana / Apa base ziva mAhiM tAhi bandoM mana-baca-tana // 3 // jAke baMdana thakI doSa dukha dUrihiM jAvai / jAke baMdana thakI muktitiya sanmukha Avai // jAke vaMdana thakI vaMdya hovai suragana ke| aise bIra jineza baMdihU~ krama yuga tinake // 4 // -mahAcaMda pada mahAvIra svAmI! abako to arjI suna liijiye| ativIra, vIra tuma, sAnmati dIjiye // Teka // trijaga Isa je sanmukha Aye, te saba eka chinaka meM DhAye / aiso vIra kAma bhaTa tAko, tuma sanmukha bala chIjiye ||mhaaviir0||1|| parigraha chA~Di base bana mAhIM, nija ruca, bAhara kI sudhi naahiiN|| siddha kiyo Atamabala tapata, cArakarama ripu khIjiye ||mhaaviir0||2|| ___ jaba tuma kevala jJAna upAyo, deza deza upadeza sunaayo| kiyo kalyANa sabahI jIvana ko, hamahU~ * sukha dIjiye ||mhaaviir0||3|| VE
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________________ pAvApurateM mokSa sidhAre, kArtika vadi mAvasa sukhakAre / aSTa karma ripu vaMza ujAre, kAla anaMta te jIjie || mahAvIra0 // 4 // vaha dina Aja bhayo sukhakArI, AnaMda bhayo sakala naranArI / lADU se kari pUjA thArI, 'campA' nija rasa pIjie || mahAvIra0 // 5 // - campAdevI stuti siddhAratha tAtA jaga vikhyAtA, trisalA devI mAya / tihA~ jaga guru janamyA, saba dukha vinasyA, mahAvIra jinarAya // prabhu kei dIkSA, parahita zikSA, dei saMbatsarI dAna / bahu karma khapevA, ziva sukha levA, kIdhA tapa zubha dhyAna // 1 // vara kevala pAmI, antarayAmI, vadi kArtika zubha dIsa / amAvasa jAte, pichalI rAte, mukti gayA jagadIza // vali gautama gaNadhara, moTA munivara, pAmyA paMcama jJAna / bhayA tattva prakAzI, zIla vilAsI, pahutA mukti nidAna // 2 // surapati saMcAriyA, ratana ughariyA, rAta thaI tihA~ kAlI / jana dIvA kIdhA, kAraja sIdhA, thai nizA ujavAlI || sahu loke harakhI, najare nirakhI, kiyo paraba dIvAlI / bali bhojana bhagate, nija nija zakate, jIme seva suhAlI // 3 // siddhAkA devI, vighana harevI, vAMchita de niradhArI / kare saMghamA zAtA, jima jagamAtA, ehavI zakti apArI // jina guNa ima gAveM, ziva sukha pAve, suna jyoM bhavijana prANI / 'jinacandra yatIzvara', mahAmunIzvara, jape ehavI vANI // 4 // -- jinacaMda yati prabhAtI sanmati prabhu daraza karata, haraSa ura na mAI // Teka // pAvApura zubha sthAna, Aye suragaNa mahAna / pUje bahu harSamAna, parama prIti lAI // Teka // / aSTa dravya le udAra, kaMcana maya pUrNa thAra / mukha se jayajaya ucAra, caranana citta lAI // Teka // Ayo prabhu tuma dvAra karatA tumase pukAra / karo bhava sindhu pAra, tumhIM ho sahAI // Teka // [ 25
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________________ 26 ] janma saphala bhayo Aja, pUre saba smaankaaj| pAyo saba sukha samAja, jai-jai jina rAI ||ttek|| indrAdika suguna gAya, caraNoM meM zIsa nAya / kArtika badi mAvasako, "kumuda" muktipAI ||ttek|| -kumuda bhajana saba milake Aja jaya kaho zrI vIra prabhu kii| ____ mastaka jhukA ke jaya kaho zrI vIra prabhu kI // 1 // vighnoM kA nAza hotA hai, lene se nAma ke| ___ mAlA sadA japate raho zrI vIra prabhu kI // 2 // jJAnI bano dAnI bano balavAna bhI bno| ___akalaMka sama bana jaya kaho, zrI vIra prabhu kI // 3 // hokara svatantra dharma kI rakSA sadA kro|| nirbhaya bano aru jaya kaho, zrI vIra prabhu kI // 4 // tumako agara mokSa kI icchA huI hai "dAsa" / usa vANI para zraddhA karo, zrI vIra prabhu kI // 5 // -nyAmatasiMha 'dAsa' saddharma-sandeza mandAkinI dayA kI jisane yahA~ bahAI / hiMsA kaThoratA kI kIcar3a bhI dho bhagAI // samatA sumitratA kA aisA amRta pilaayaa| dvaSAdi roga bhAge mada kA patA na pAyA // usa hI mahAna prabhu ke tuma ho sabhI upAsaka / usa vIra vIra-jinake saddharma ke sudhAraka // ataeva tuma bhI vaise banane kA dhyAna rkkho| Adarza bhI usI kA A~khoM ke Age rkkho|| santuSTi zAnti saccI hotI hai aisI jisase / ehika kSudhA pipAsA rahatI hai phira na jisase // vaha hai prasAda prabhu kA pustaka svarUpa usko| sukha cAhate sabhI haiM, cakhane cAhe do jisako // kartavya kA samaya hai nizcinta ho na baittho| thor3I bar3AioM meM madamatta ho na aiMTho // IA
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________________ [ 27 "saddharma kA sandezA" pratyeka nArI nara meN| sarvasva bhI lagAkara phailA do vizva bhara meM // -nAthUrAma 'premI vIra vANI akhila jaga tArana ko jala-yAna / prakaTI, vIra, tumhArI vANI, jagameM sudhA samAna // anekAntamaga, syAtpada-lAMchita, nIti-nyAya kI khAna / saba kuvAda kA mUla nAzakara, phailAtI sat jJAna // nitya anitya-anekaeka ityAdika vAdi mahAna / nata mastaka ho jAte sanmukha, chor3a sakala abhimAna // jIva-ajIvatattva nirNayakara, karatI saMzaya-hAna sAmya bhAva rasa cakhate haiM jo, karate isakA pAna // U~ca, nIca au laghu-sudIrgha kA, bheda na kara bhagavAna / sabake hita kI cintA karatI, saba para dRSTi samAna // andhI zraddhA kA virodha kara, haratI saba ajJAna / yuktivAda kA pATha par3hAkara, kara detI sajJAna // Iza na jagakartA, phaladAtA, svayaM sRSTi-nirmANa / nija utthAna-patana nija kara meM, karatI yoM suvidhAna // hRdaya banAtI ucca, sikhA kara, dharma sudayA-pradhAna / jo nita samajha AdareM isako, 've yugavIra' mahAna // -jugalakizora 'yugavIra'
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________________ 28 ] bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM he jyotipuMja jayavIra ! satya kA jJAtA dRSTA tU / he mahAprANa ! bhUcchita janamana kA jIvana-sRSTA tU // he jina ! prabhAta tU saghana tamas se ghiratI saMsRtikA / he nirvikAra ! parizodhaka mAnavatA kI saMskRti kA // tUne apane antaratama kA soyA deva jgaayaa| tUne nara se nArAyaNa taka apane ko pahuMcAyA // sImita naratana meM asIma kI jJAnacetanA jaagii| janma janma kI dhUmila kaluSita moha-cetanA jaagii|| terI vANI jagakalyANI, prakhara satya kI dhArA / khaNDa khaNDa ho gaI dambha kI, andhAgraha kI kArA // 'satya eka haiM' usa para, tere mere kA kyA aMkana / vizva samanvaya kara detA hai, terA yaha udbodhana // tU una andhoM kI AMkha, bhaTakate Thokara khAte jo| tU una abaloM kI lAThI, pratAr3ita azru bahAte jo|| mAnavatA ke mahAmantra kA jo dAtA, tU guruvara hai| astaMgata jo kabhI na hogA, aisA tU dinakara hai| jAti-paMtha-bhedoM se Upara, tU sabakA saba tere| dezakAla vaha kauna tujhe, jo sImAoM meM ghere // tU ananta hai, ajara amara hai terA jIvana darzana / akhila vizva kA tava caraNoM meM ho nirvANagAmI vandana // -upAdhyAya amara muni stuti praNamoM vIra jinendra ko, carana kamala ziranAya / vighana harana maMgala karana, Ananda moda bar3hAya // guNa ananta bhagavanta namaste, zuddha cidAtama jJAna namaste // avinAzI avikAra namaste / jyoti akhaMDa svarUpa namaste // nirmala nirmada dhIra nmste| pUrana brahma svarUpa namaste // rAga dvaSa parihAra namaste / kAma bhoga parihAra namaste // meru acala sama dhIra namaste / udadhi samAna gaMbhIra namaste // moha rahita bhagavanta namaste / mAyA matsara tyAga namaste // jJAna khaDga dhara dhIra namaste / mAraga dharma prakAza namaste //
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________________ prema vivaza ho avaza maiM, nAtha karUM guNa gAna // tuma guNa mahimA agama hai, pAvana patita sujAna // -zrIlAla paMDita prArthanA sudhyAna meM lavalIna ho, jaba ghAtiyA cAro hane, sarvajJa bodha virAgatAko, pA liyA taba Apa ne| upadeza de hitakara anekoM bhavya, nija sama kara liye, ravi jJAna kiraNa prakAza DAlo, vIra! mere bhI hiye // -makkhanalAla nyAyAcArya mahAvIra prArthanA mahAvIra prabhu ke caraNoM meM, zraddhA ke kusuma car3hAyeM hm| unake AdarzoM ko apanA, jIvana kI jyoti jagAyeM hama ||mhaaviir0|| tapa sayama maya zubha sAdhana se, ArAdhya caraNa ArAdhana se / bana mukta vikAroM se sahasA, aba Atma vijaya kara pAyeM hama ||mhaaviir0 1 // dRr3ha niSThA niyama nibhAne meM, ho prANa bali praNa pAne meM / majabUta manobala ho aisA, kAyaratA kabhI na lAyeM hama ||mhaaviir0 2 // yaza lolupatA pada lolupatA, na satAye kabhI vikAra vythaa| niSkAma svapara kalyANa kAma, jIvana arpaNa kara pAyeM hama ||mhaaviir0 3 // gurudeva zaraNa meM lIna raheM, nirbhIka dharma kI bATa bheN| avicala dila satya ahiMsA kA, duniyAM ko supatha dikhAyeM hama ||mhaaviir04|| prANI prANI saha maMtrI sajheM, IrSyA matsara abhimAna tjeN| kahanI karanI ikasAra banA, 'tulasI' terA patha pAyeM hama ||mhaaviir0 5 // -AcArya tulasI gaNi jaya gAna ziva patha paricAyaka jaya he sanmati yuga nirmAtA ! gaMgA kala-kala svara se gAtI tava guNa gaurava gAthA / suranara kinnara tava pada-yuga meM nitanata karate mAthA / hama bhI tava yaza gAte, sAdara zIza jhukAte, he sad Ex buddhi pradAtA, dukha hAraka sukhadAyaka jayahe ! sanmati yuga nirmAtA jaya he ! jaya he ! jaya he ! jaya jaya-jaya jaya he // 1 //
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________________ 30] maMgala kAraka dayA-pracAraka khaga-pazu-nara- upakArI / bhavi - jana tAraka karma-vidAraka saba jaga taba AbhArI / jaba taka ravi zazi tAre, taba taka gIta tumhAre, vizva rahegA gAtA, cira sukha zAnti vidhAyaka jaya he ! sanmati yuga nirmAtA / jaya he ! jaya he ! jaya he ! jaya jaya jaya jaya he // 2 // bhrAtR bhAvanA bhulA paraspara lar3ate haiM jo prANI / unake ura meM vizva prema phira bhare tumhArI vANI / saba meM karuNA jAge, jaga se hiMsA bhAge, pAyeM saba sukhasAtA / he durjaya ! dukha trAyaka jaya he ! sanmati yuga nirmAtA / jaya he ! jaya he ! jaya he ! jaya jaya jaya jaya he // 3 // -ajJAta vIra stavana haiM he prabho / jaya mahAvIra jinendra jaya, bhagavana! jagata rakSA karo / nija sevakoM ke bhava janita, santApa ko kRpayA haro // haiM teja ke ravi Apa, hama ajJAna tama meM lIna haiM / haiM dayAsAgara Apa hama, ati dIna haiM balahIna haiM // 1 // dAnI na hogA Apa sA, hama sA na ajJAnI kahIM / avalamba kevala haiM hamAre, Apa hI dUjA nahIM // bhava sindhu ke bhava-bhramara meM, hama DUbate jhaTapaTa sahArA dIjiye, hama Ubate haiM he prabho // 2 // giri ko aMgUThe se hilAyA, Apane to kyA kiyA ? yadi indra ke mada ko miTAyA, Apane to kyA kiyA ? yadi kamala ko gaja ne hilAyA, to prazaMsA kyA huI ? yadi siMha ne gIdar3a bhagAyA, to prazaMsA kyA huI ? // 3 // apakAriyoM ke sAtha bhI upakAra karate Apa the / mana meM na pratyupakAra kI kucha, cAha rakhate Apa the // var3avAgni vAridhi ke hRdaya ko, hai jarAtA titya hI / para jaladhi apanAye use hai, krodha kucha karatA nahIM // 4 // zubhra svAvalambana kA supatha, sabako dikhAyA Apane / dRr3ha Atmabala kA marma bhI, sabako sikhAyA Apane //
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________________ [ 31 samatA sabhI ke sAtha sabadina, Apa kI rahatI rhii| isa hetu sevA Apa kI, nizchala mahI karatI rahI // 5 // -rAmacarita upAdhyAya he pUrNa purAtana he pUrNa purAtana, anagha, abhaya, he divya, anAmaya cir-ashess| tuma abhinava, abhinava gati mahAna, abhinava abhinandana, nayaniveza // yuga-parivartaka, yuga gati vAhaka, yuga yuga ajeya durddharSa "viir"| bhArata-bhUtala kara gaye svarga, nArakI vizva kA vakSa cIra // hiMsaka samaSTi kI dRSTi huI nayasnAta, milA Alokasaghana / abhinavotthAna-patha para pahuMcA, isa jIrNa jAti kA jarjara mana // hiMsA kI vedI para poSita, yuga rASTra-dharma anudAra prabala / abhisiJcita huA ahiMsA ke, suci madhurasa se pAvana avirala // vaizAlI ke avazeSa vahana, karate ababhI ve sadupadeza / karatA aba bhI AkhyAna sarala, nija bhAla uThA himigira nageza // bahatA hai puNya-prasU bhU para, naisargika jIvana kA pravAha / guJjita ambara meM, zrutiyoM meM naya-mizrita ve svara anavagAha // tuma bar3he, bar3ha calA vizva, puNya-zikSA-dIkSA kA le prazraya / amRta vANI se phUTa par3A, mRtakoM ke prati jIvana akSaya // tumane usa hiMsA ke yuga meM the, diye deza ke nayana khola / hiMsA pratihiMsA ke ura meM bhara bhrAtRbhAva kA svara amola // tumane parArtha balidAna kiyA, he vIra ! sva kA, tuma ho mahAna / tumane vinAza ke khaNDahara para, nava sRjana kiyA de abhayadAna // tumane bandhana ke jarAjIrNa bandhana ko dhvasta kiyA udAra / dAsatva miTAyA kara ninAda, sama bhrAtRbhAva kA mahoccAra // mAnavatA kA jaya ghoSa, amara-zaMkhadhvani pracura pragati amanda / nirdayatA kA dRr3ha bhAla tor3a nirmama pazubali ho gaI banda // nartita thA jAti-ahaMtA ke, vakSasU para samatAsudhA rAga / anurAga bar3hA bhinnatA bhUla, baha calA puNya pAvana parAga // juDa calI bhinna bhaMgura kar3iyA~, banane ko phira zraMkhalA eka / ho cale ekamaya-mahA eka, ve chinna-bhinna agaThita aneka // hama jage, jagI jagatI azeSa, kara ucca bhavya bhArata lalATa / jagadhanya huA sIkhA hamase, priya-vizva bandhu'-middhAntarAT // V
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________________ cira atIta ke dharma vIra, utaro nUtana bana / punardarzana se mukharita ho abhizApita jana mana // -zivasiMha cauhAna 'guJjana jana-jIvana ke bhagavAna satya-ahiMsA ke pathadarzaka, jaya jana jIvana ke bhagavAna / Aja baMdanA ke svara lekara, kareM tumhArA hama AhvAna // rASTra-rASTra hiMsaka bana kara aba sarvanAza ke hetu bne| eka tumhAre hI iMgitapara, vizva zAnti kA setu bane // dhadhaka rahA hai ghara kA AMgana, lapaTeM jhapaTa rahI vikarAla / yauvana jarA bheda nahIM jAne, mRtyu de rahI nirbhaya tAla // nArI kA saundarya zApa bana, Aja de rahA pApa mahAna / kauna-kisI kI lajjArakha le. kauna abhayatA kA de daan|| tumhI eka the sacce svAmI, sacce sevaka jana jana ke| Aja aMdherI kAla rAtri meM, tumhI dIpa ho mana mana ke / gAMdhI sA anugAmI terA, IsA jaisA ziSya punIta // prANa gaMvA kara bhI jinane, aMtima sAMsoM taka gAye gIta / tUne bheda bhAva kI uThatI, dIvAroM ko girA diyA / U~ca-nIca kA bheda haTAkara, dAnavatA ko hilAdiyA / "karuNA-zAnti vizva kI rakSaka", kahakara maMtra batAyA eka / jana jana ko svAtantrya dilAkara, rakhalI mAnavatA kI Teka // sulagAtI haiM Aja zaktiyA~, mahAnAza kI jvaalaaeN| kintu tumhArI zakti mahA prabhu, miTA rahI bhava bAdhAeM // Aja tumhArI smRti lekara hama, soca rahe haiM vidhi tatkAla / kaise hiMsA kI hiMsA kara, meTeM bhava bhava ke jaMjAla // tuma na hue hote to svAmI, mAnava dAnava bana jaataa| tuma na hue hote svAmI, vizva narka hI bana jAtA // Aja tumhAre hI kAraNa to jIvana jIvana kahalAtA / Aja tumhArA hI prakAza, tama bhare mArga hai dikhalAtA // mAnavatA lauTegI phira se, mahAvIra svAmI aao| vasudhA ko kuTumba kara DAlo, apanI karuNA barasAo // -'mukula'
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________________ tuma mahAvIra the tuma mahAvIra the, aura ahiMsaka dhIra vratI / tuma rAjapuruSa the, anAsakta tuma bane yatI / dhIre-dhIre saba kucha chor3A, mamatA-mAyA kA baMdhapAza / tumane jarjara jana-jIvana meM, phailAyA karuNA kA prakAza / hama Aja smaraNa karate terA, jaba vizva yuddha se hai pIr3ita / yaha viyatanAma, yaha biyApharA, yaha madhya eziyA, dIrgha dAha / aise vinAza ke samaya hameM, tuma hI dikhalAoM zAnti rAha // - prabhAkara mAcave vIra kA upadeza (1) kyA tumheM rAja yaha mAlUma hai duniyAvAlo, kisane insAna ko mukti kI dikhAI rAheM ? aura duniyA~ ke a~dhere meM kiyA kisane prakAza, kisase puranUra huI dahara kI julmatagAheM ? (2) kisane hastI ko diyA pahile ahiMsA kA sabaka ? kisakI zikSA se huye brahma ke dila ko darzana ? kisane samajhAye hara eka jIva ko jIvana siddhAnta ? kisane kurbAna sacAI pai kriyA tana mana (3) AtmA kahatI hai, "bhagavAna mahAvIra the vaha ! " dhana ? jinakI tAlIma se ajJAna miTA, jJAna huA ! jinakI dRSTi ko najara AI bakAkI maMjila, jinakI zakti se kaThina mArga bhI AsAna huA ! (4) vIra ne prema-o-ahiMsA ko batAyA hai savAba, vIra ne napharata -o-hiMsA ko batAyA hai gunAha, vIra ne bheda hakIkata ke batAye sabako, bIra ne sabase kahA, 'pAka karo kalbo nigAha', [ 33
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________________ 34 ] (5) jabahIM ho sakatI hai duniyAM kI tarakkI 'mujtara' / deza hara eka bar3he prApta hotA hai ahiMsA hI se Age liye satya kA bheSa ! saccA Ananda, sAre saMsAra ko hai vIra kA yahI upadeza ! ! - rAmakRSNa 'mujtara' kAkoravI he yuga-puruSa he yuga puruSa ! vaMdya yuga-yuga ke, jana jana ke sAdara praNAma lo / tumane diyA ujAlA aisA, mAnava kA pAtheya bana gayA / AdarzoM ko jIvita rakhakara, jIvana jInA dhyeya bana gayA // mahAvIra ! tumane jIvana ko, aisA pAvana mor3a de diyA / jisane mana ko amara zAnti kA, tana ko tapa kA kor3a de diyA || satya ahiMsA prema dayA ke, aise svargika bhAva jagAye | jinako puruSa agara apanA le, to khuda puruSottama bana jAye // hara yuga ke zAzvata satyoM ko, sAra tumhArA amara-gAna hai / jitanA samaya bItatA jAtA, bar3hatA usakA aura mAna hai // jitanA tama gaharAtA jAtA, pujatA utanA hI prakAza hai / vartamAna meM, varaNa tumhArA, karane kI bar3ha rahI pyAsa hai //
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________________ dukhiyA hai jaga, Dagamaga paga haiM, Ao, Akara bAMha thAma lo / he yuga-puruSa, vaMdya yuga-yuga ke, jana jana ke sAdara praNAma lo // - vizvadeva zarmA devoM ke deva he devoM ke deva ! mahAvrata ! tApasa puMja ! anAmaya / kIrI- kuMjara kanakana ke tuma karunA mitra, tumhArI jaya // rAja hema sukha jagatI kA taja, gyAna jyoti ko avanI lAne / chIna kiyA kAyA tapa bhArI, svayaM jJAna AyA apanAne // rijupAlikA nadI ke taTa meM, pAyA thA zIrSastha prakAza / are jitendriya ! jaina dharma kI, karUnA sI, jagatI kI Aza // ghUma ghUma kara upadezoM kA, kozala diyA magadha navajUsa / Aja Aja bhI Aja jAgarita, jaina dharma - zAzvata - pIyUSa // nirmama the balidAna yajJa ve, sikhalAyA satkarma achora / tarka prANa ! tuma sadAcAra kI, jAgrata kara dI mahA hilora // Aja tumhAre upadezoM kI, divija deva! amRtavAnI / gagana magana hai Akula-vyAkula, Aja dharA hiMsA akulAnI // tU sAdhaka ! nava divya dRSTi se, jJAna jyoti jo phailAI / adyAvadhi nava cAru cA~danI, jana jana ura prakAza lAI // Aja deva-upadezoM se tava, dharA trANa hai pA sakatI / divya dRSTi kI una rAhoM se, mAnava saMskRti baca sakatI // zatazata namana ! pUjya ! he sAdhaka mahAvIra svIkAra karo / hiMsA vyathita dharitrI kaMpita, jagata krUratA kSAra karo // - rAmakarana zukla vIra vandanA samasta saMsAra-samudra-setu ko, surendra-saMpUjita-dharma-ketu ko / ananta AbhAmaya vIra vikramI mahA mahAvIra ! praNAma Apa ko // sadaiva indrAdika pUjate jinheM, sarAhate haiM ananta bhU meM jinakI guNAvalI, vihAra meM muni - sUri - siddha bhI / magna abhIta siMha sI // [ 35
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________________ na lobha ke vazya na kAma krodha ke, na moha ke dAsa na drohadaMbha ke| vimohate jomada-mAna vizva kA, namAmi aise nara nAtha ! Apa ko / mahA mahAvIra namAmi Apa ko, sudhIra gaMbhIra namAmi Apa ko / namAmi karmakSaya-hetu Apa ko, sadAzrayI, zrIvara he, namAmahe // praNAma zrIsAgara jJAnasindhu ko, praNAma bhU bhUSaNa vizva bandhu ko| namAmi satyArtha prakAza-bhAnu ko, namAmi tattvArtha-vikAsa-sAnu ko // -anUpa zarmA mahAvIra bhagavAna kI jaya jJAna bhare insAna kI jaya, insAna meM mahAna kI jaya, trizalA kI santAna kI jaya, suta siddhArtha sujAna kI jaya / janma-maraNa ke rahasya bhedI, karmaTha karma vidhAna kI jaya, brahmacarya-asteya-ahiMsA-satya-parigrahaparimANa kI jy| dharma dhurI dhra vamAna kI jaya, pAvana patha prasthAna kI jaya / jana jIvana jalayAna kI jaya, saMyama siMdhusujAna kI jaya, satya-ahiMsA prema pradAtA, mahAvIra bhagavAna kI jaya // -'nirbhaya' hAtharasI vIra kI varIyatA 'vIra' kI varIyatA bakhAnate, kalpanA uphAna thama rahA nhiiN| paMca vrata se zuddha ho rahA diganta, zAnti srota saMvalita huI mahI // kuNDagrAma prApta dhanya ho gayA, vardhamAna kI varIyatA mahAn / satya zIla zAMti sneha saMvalita, vizva bhAgya jagamagA uThA vihAna // aNu-vibhISikA se trasta jIva ko, 'vIra' kA abhaya ubAratA rhe| sRSTi hama samaSTi se saMvAra deM, sneha zAMti kI sudhA yahA~ bahe // -zobhanAtha pAThaka AratI utArI kaMTaka patha para cale. rAha niSkaMTaka kara dii| patajhAroM kI bagiyA, sukha-suSamA se bhara dii| puhupoM ne pAyA tumase, makaranda luTAnA / jaba tumane gUMge jaga ko, de diyA tarAnA //
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________________ karma kIrti ke liye prANi, kucha kara jAtA hai| kevala do kSaNa ko aMdhiyArA jhara jAtA hai / ziva samAna tumane pI jaga kI garala gAgarI / paMkila kAyA anAcAra kI huI adhamarI // jaba taka hai itihAsa, dharA para nAma tumhArA / pAvana hI pAvana, gAyegI gaMgA dhArA // saMtoM kI cUDAmaNi, yuga-yuga vIra tumhaarii| pIr3ita mAnavatA ne, sajala AratI utarI // -rameza raMjaka' mahAvIra sandeza jisane jaga ke saba jIvoM ko, nirbhara jIvana kA dAna diyA / mithyA bhrama meM bhaTakI janatA ko, jisane anupama jJAna diyA / khuda jiyo, jagata ko jIne do, sukha zAMti sudhArasa pIne do / jisane jaga ko yaha maMtra diyA, phira baMdhana mukta svataMtra kiyA / usa parama pUjya paramezvara kA, sunalo pAvana upadeza sakhe / hiMsA meM dharma nahIM rahatA, hai yahI sukhada sandeza sakhe // jaga meM haiM jIva samAna sabhI, dukha se rahate bhayavAna sabhI / sabahIM ko pyArA hai jIvana, isakI rakSA ke hetu yatana // sabahIM karate haiM becAre, sabako apane bacce pyaare| tuma saba para karuNA dikhalAo, tuma vizva prema ko apnaao| tumane yaha mAnava tana pAyA, tumane sundara jIvana pAyA // para tumheM Atma kA jJAna nahIM, apane para kI pahacAna nahIM / yadi nizcala hokara saMyama se, Atama kA dhyAna lagAoge // to nizcaya hI dhIre-dhIre, bhagavAna svayaM bana jaaoge| karuNAmaya kA upadeza yahI, hai mahAvIra saMdeza yahI // --'puSpendu' vandanA jo nindaka ke pratikUla nahIM, jo pUjaka ke anukUla nahIM / jo ThukarAte haiM zUla nahIM, jo apanAte haiM phUla nahIM //
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________________ 38 ] para jinake vandana bhavAtApa hitadAha nikandana candana haiM / isa Anandita - kavi vANI se vandita ve trizalAnandana haiM // - dhanyakumAra 'sudheza' Ato jo na Ato jo na vizva mAhiM vIra avatAra leke / bhArata kI Arata ko kaho kauna harato // deto kauna prAna dAna mUka avicAriyoM ko / muni mAnavoM meM kauna bhakti bhAva bharato // kauna darzAto mukti mAraga mahI para Aya / kauna ko 'saroja' hirade meM lAya dharato // prema ko prakAza au ahiMsA ko vikAsa yahAM / 'vIra' jo na hoto to prakaTa kauna karato // - svarUpacandra 'saroja' vIra kA sandeza vizva ke hita baha rahA ho prema kA avibhrAnta nirjhara / roma roma svatantra ho bandI na ho jIvana hRdaya svara // ekyatA samatA kSamA sauhAdra jAge uttarottara / zAnti jananI zuddha hArdikatA bahe jaga meM nirantara // vizva rakSA ke liye antara sadA ho ho dharAabhaya ghora hiMsA bhAvanA hokara protsAhita / parAjita / / Aja hiMsA raha gaI bujhate pradIpoM kA ujAlA / vizva meM hogA ahiMsA satya kA phira bola bAlA // phira bahAyegA nirarthaka rakta mAnava kA na mAnava / guJjarita hogA ahiMsaka 'vIra' ke saMdeza kA rava // jaga jalAne ke liye koI na phira dIpaka jalegA / amara - jIvana -dIpa jala kara vizva meM tama hara banegA // Aja hiMsA dAnavoM ke kendra vizva ke hita 'vIra' ke sandeza meM bhISaNa pralaya hoM / jaga meM vijaya hoM // - kalyANa kumAra 'zazi'
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________________ dhanya huA dhanya huA vaha deza kI jisane 'mahAvIra' sA mAnava pAyA, saphala huA jana vahI ki jisane inako nija Adarza banAyA / vijayI rahA sadA vaha jIvana jo usake pathapara bar3ha pAyA, karatI hai kalyANa sabhI kA usake nita caraNoM kI chAyA / usakA janma svayaM apane jaga kA nirmANa bana gayA, aura eka dina 'mahAvIra' yaha mAnava se bhagavAna bana gayA // - rAjendra kumAra 'kumareza' taba tuma utare svargadhAma se. nirmala nabha meM jyotirgaNa jaba camaka rahe the ati abhirAma / damaka rahe the sUrya candra bhI mahaka rahe the candana dhAma / uSA kI jaba lAla kiraNa ne pRthvI tala ko kiyA lalAma, taba tuma utare svargadhAma se 'vIra' loka ke kamala lalAma // - kamala kumAra 'goilla' kahAnI mahAvIra bhagavAna kI Ao Ao suno kahAnI, mAnavatA utthAna kI / satya-ahiMsA ke avatArI mahAvIra bhagavAna kI // mAnava-mAnava madhya bar3ha rahI, bheda bhAva kI khAI thI / pazuoM meM thI trAhi-trAhi hiMsA se tharrAI thI // dharma nAma para dveSa dambha ADambara kI bana AI thI / svArtha asatya anaitikatA se, mAnavatA murajhAI thI || Ao || prAnta vihAra purI vaizAlI, rAjA the siddhArtha sujAna / caitra sudI teraha ko mAtA, trizalA se upaje guNakhAna // zrIvRddhi sarvatra huI thI, janatA ne sukha pAye the / isase jaga meM trizalAnandana, 'varddhamAna' kahalAye the || Ao || madonmatta hAthI ke mada ko cUra 'vIra' pada prApta kiyA / darzana se zaMkAyeM miTa gaI munijana 'sammati' nAma diyA // taru lipaTe viSadhara ko vaza kara 'mahAvIra' kahalAye the / sarvahitaiSI zAnta vIra ke sabane hI guNa gAye the || Ao 0 // [ 28
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________________ bhoga-roga sampati-vipatti hai, jaba yaha bhAva samAyA thaa| kAmajayI ne tIsa varSa meM dIkSA ko apanAyA thA // sarva parigraha tyAga, varSa bAraha, bana bIca bitAye the| mohAdika kara naSTa, sarvajJAtA 'arehanta' kahAye the ||aao0|| mAnava bane mahAmAnava, aba 'tIrthaMkara' pada pAyA thaa| mAnavatA uddhAra-hetu, taba yaha sandeza sunAyA thA // "svayaM jiyo jIne do sabako", isase bar3ha kara dharma nahIM / svArtha-hetu para ko dukha dene se bar3hakara duSkarma nahIM ||aao0|| tIsa varSa upadeza sunA agaNita jIvoM ko jJAna diyaa| kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA, tana tyAga, prApta nirvANa kiyA // DhAI hajAra varSa se jana-mana vIra-caraNa ArAdhaka haiN| mahAvIra siddhAnta pUrNataH vizvazAnti ke sAdhaka haiM |aao0|| rAyacandra ne bApU ko vIra-sandeza sunAyA thaa| bApU ne satya-ahiMsA se bhArata svatantra karavAyA thaa| unhIM vIra ke Age 'kauzala" saba mila zIza jhukAyeM hama / Atma zakti ko pahicAna, sacce mAnava bana jAyeM hama ||aao0|| -hIrAlAla 'kauzala' dhanya huA kuNDalapura jyoti bhare kaladhauta ghAma meM dinakara kiraNa suhAI, manda-manda malayAnila mAruta mRdu sugandha bhara lAI / sarasija khile gandha mana bhAvana cAru caturdiza chAI, sajA salone gIta kokilA nava upavana meM aaii| nRtya kareM haraSita mayUra mana bhAvana paMkha psaare| dhanya huA kuNDalapura parasata pAvana caraNa tihAre // sAja saje kuNDalapura ke lakha sura nagarI zaramAI, sura sugarAMnA sudhara rUpa dhara prabhudarzana hita aaii| trisalA mAtA ke AMgana meM bajane lage badhAye, bhAva bhare surabAlA nAceM haraSa cahu~ diza chAye / toraNa bandanavAra baMdhe nRpa siddhAratha ke dvAre, dhanya huA kuNDalapura parasata pAvana caraNa tihAre // cakita huA tihu~ loka thakita hiMsaka ke mana Dole. dhIraja baMdhA nirAzA TUTI bhava dukha bandhana khole||
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________________ [ 41 jJAna.sUrya kI kiraNa timira hara akhila vizva ne pAI, phailA nava-Aloka jagata meM anupama jyoti jagAI / satya ahiMsA kSamA zAnti ke bajane lage nagAre, dhanya huA kuNDalapura parasata pAvana caraNa tihAre // -ghAsIrAma candra' vIra tumane vIra tumane avatarita hokara dharA kI thI alNkRt| vAtamaMDala ko kiyA thA, bhavya bhAvoM se taraMgita // daza dizA ko kara diyA thA, dharma dhvani se parama jhaMkRta / aura mAnava mAtra ko tumane banAyA thA susaMskRta // -prakAza candra o varddhamAna mAnavatA ke o alaMkAra ! basudhA ke cira akSaya virAma ! o varddhamAna ! patitoddhAraka, jyotirmaya, vibhu ! zatazata praNAma / prakaTe tU bhUpara lekara ke dAnAvatA kA saMhAra sukhada, phira se isa jagatI meM lAe mAnavatA kA zrRMgAra sukhada, akaruNa, nirdaya jaga meM lAe karuNA kA pArAvAra agama, Avartita karane isa jaga ko lAe navIna saMsAra sugama, tuma mahAmanasvI yuga netA, yuga nirmAtA atizaya lalAma / o varddhamAna ! patitoddhAraka, jyotirmaya, vibhu ! zatazata praNAma // lo, Aja paristhiti ThIka vahI, saMgharSa, dainya, zoSaNa, chalabala, sabhyatA bhavyatA miTI sakala parivyApta cahU~ dizi hai halacala, ataeva cIkhatI 'vaizAlI' mere licchivi bhagavAna kahAM? kaNa-kaNa basudhA kA bola rahA karuNA ke aho nidhAna kahAM ? kitanI hI mauna pukAreM haiM aba bulA rahI prati divasa-yAma"o mAnavatA ke alaMkAra, vasudhA ke cira akSaya virAma !" 'o varddhamAna ! Ao Ao, jyotirmaya vibhu ! zatazata praNAma // ' gara pracaMDiyA trizalA nandana tumane jaba avatAra liyA, jaba pazu hatyA hI dharma huA thaa| ___ apanI sarva zreSThatA mada meM, jaba mAnava bezarma huA thaa|
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________________ 42 ] tumane svagRha, svajana, svavaibhava, saba kucha tyAga jaba yauvanaapane pUre yauvana para thA, aura niyaMtraNa rahita deha mAna // jabaki dekhatA thA saMskRti ke, aNu-aNu meM nUtana AkarSaNa, tuma mahAna mAnava the bhagavAna, yugoM yugoM taka vizva na tumako, bhUla sakegA trizalA nandana // kara meM dhavala ahiMsA dhvaja le, vItarAgatA kA sambala le| vidrohI satyAgraha dhara tuma, jaba mamatA sImA se nikale // taba ravi zazi bhI jhijhaka the uThe, kavi mAnava kI kahe bAta kyA? khela uThA thA bhU prAGgaNa meM, eka nirAlA hI parivartana ! tuma mahAn mAnava the bhagavAna-yugoM yugoM taka vizva na tumako, bhUla sakegA trizalA nandana // -'tanmaya bukhAriyA bhAvoM ke phUla khile he vIra tumhAre caraNoM meM bhAvoM ke phUla khile jana jana ke hRdaya mile| tumane hara prANI ko dI, jIvana kI komala abhilASA / mamatA ke svara meM samajhAdI, mAnava jIvana kI paribhASA / tuma gIta bane saMgIta bane, hara mana ke mIta mile, prANoM meM jyoti jale / he vIra tumhAre caraNoM meM, bhAvoM ke sumana khile // deva ! tumheM pA dhanya huI thI, dharatI mA~ aura trisalA raanii| vipulAcala parvata se chalakI, hara mana meM karuNA klyaannii|| tere pAvana paga cinhoM para sA~soM kI rAha mile, prANoM meM pyAra pale / he vIra tumhAre caraNoM meM, bhAvoM ke phUla khile //
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________________ hara dukhiyAre kA duHkha bA~TA, hara A~sU ko mukti dilaaii| jIo aura jIne do sabako, ye satyapatha kI rAha batAI // hara bhASA ke kaMTha kaMTha meM terA svara nikle| hara mana meM jyoti jale he vIra tumhAre caraNoM meM bhAvoM ke phUla khile / zrama ke sAdhaka, karma vijetA, puruSAratha kartavya sikhaayaa| milakara calo bA~Ta kara khAo, parigraha dukha kA marma batAyA // kitane hI duHkha sukha AyeM, samatA kA dIpa jle| jana jana ke hRdaya mile| he vIra tumhAre caraNoM meM bhAvoM ke phUla khile // -tArA canda 'premI' Aye zaraNa tumhAre satya ahiMsA Atmazakti ke satata sabala rakhavAre / sukhadarzI gaMgA se pAvana jana jana tumheM pukAre // aharnizi jhaMjhA se jhaMkRta bhArata ke jana saare| __kaluSa kalpanA kA patha jhUThA pAte sAMjha sakAre // saumya zAnti ke dUta duHkha ke nAzaka vipad shaare| patha paricAyaka yuga nirmAtA vasundharA ke pyAre // nija svabhAva sAdhana se tumane paramAtama pada paayaa| __sRSTi ko sadRSTi dekara satyamArga dikhalAyA // tuma jaisA bana jAtA jo bhI patha para calA tumhAre / vizva vibhUSaNa siddhAratha suta Aye tumhAre dvAre // kaThina vipada meM dharma par3A hai kalayuga kare tthittholii| lakSya bhraSTa zAsana jagatI para rAkha bana gaI rolii|| jJAna loka vizva ke jJAtA, saba duniyA~ se nyaare| sad dRSTi pAne ko bhagavAn, Aye zaraNa tumhaare|| -candrakAntA
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________________ 44 ] zatazata vandana yaha tyAga jyoti kA prakhyApaka, vibhu varddhamAna kI kIrti-kiraNa / jyotirmaya antara-vAhya sabhI, re dhanya vIra ! zivaramA-varaNa / prabhu dhanya-dhanya sanmati svAmI, jinavara jinendra vibhu nisskaamii|| zAzvata su-zakti zAnti nidhi abhirAmI, zivapathadarzaka shiv-pdgaamii|| nissIma deva ! sImita vANI, yazagAna na kucha bhI bana paataa| zraddhAlu vinata antasa lekina, jaya bola jhukA zira sukha pAtA // jaya jaya jaya jayavanta saha trizalA nandana / jaya jaya jaya jaya jagavaMdyanIya zata zata bandana // -bIrendra AtmajJAnI mahAvIra sattA, sampatti, siMhAsana, saundarya aura sambandhI jana, hilA sake nahiM 'vIra' hRdaya, mAnoM sumerU thA unakA mana / taba mAtA kI mamatA daur3I, trizalA ne rokA mahala dvAra, A~sU kI nadiyA umar3a par3I, aura umar3a par3A thA putra pyAra // vIra caraNa ruka gaye vahA~, thI mA~ kI mamatA kA prabhAva, siddhArtha janaka bhI pahuMca gaye, unakI vANI meM prema bhAva / sneha satya se sanI huI bole prabhuvara taba amiya ghola, samajhAyI jaga kI mamatAyeM aura muktimArga ko diyA khola // (3) ughar3e hiya ke taba nayana-palaka, mAtA trizalA thI huI zAMta, svIkRta bana jAne ko de phira, lauTa par3I mana rahita bhrAnta / nabha meM gUMjI thI madhura tAna, jala thala meM mukharita divya gAna, "mana vaibhava hai dhUla piNu, jisako jAgA hai Atma jJAna // " -nemIcanda pATodiyA
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________________ [ 45 samatA kA sandeza sunAyA hiMsA se jalate prAMgaNa meM, karuNA kA amRta barasAyA dukhI vizva ko mahAvIra ne, samatA kA saMdeza sunaayaa| caitra mAsa kI trayodazI ko kuNDagrAma meM janma liyA thA pitA nRpati siddhArtha tathA mAM trizalA ko sAnaMda kiyA thA thA nisvArtha prema kI pratimA, sahaja sAdhanAyukta hiyA thA tapI, saMyamI, sevaka, tyAgI, jJAna-prakAzI divya diyA thaa| usane jaga ko sAta tattva va nava padArtha kA bheda batAyA dukhI vizva ko mahAvIra ne, samatA kA sandeza sunAyA // 'maiM U~cA hU~ vaha nIcA haiM' yaha vicAra hogA duHkhadAyI rAga-dvaSa se yukta jIva ne batalA zAMti-sudhA kaba pAI ? brAhmANa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra kahakara karatA hai vyartha lar3AI tyAgo krodha lobha mAyA ko, pATo dvapa daMbha kI khaaii| choTA-bar3A kauna hai jaga meM, saba meM sadRza AtmA chAyA dukhI vizva ko mahAvIra ne samatA kA sandeza sunAyA // 'merI bAta sahI vaha jhUThA' isa ekAnta vAda ko tor3o syAdvAda kA sAra yahI hai, haThadharmI se mukhar3A mor3o bhAva-zuddhi kI karo tapasyA, aura DhoMga kA pallA chor3o sahanazIlatA, kSamA, tyAga se TUTe hue hRdaya ko jor3o / zAnti AtmA ke andara hai, vyartha poSatA nazvara kAyA dukhI vizva ko mahAvIra ne, samatA kA sandeza sunAyA // -prasannakumAra seThI muktaka jagata ke jIva saba sama haiM, kisI ko kama nahIM lekho, sabhI ko prANa pyAre haiM, kisI para gama nahIM pheko| zrI mahAvIra svAmI kI ahiMsA ye batAtI haiinheM kucha de nahIM sakate, to kevala pyAra se dekho| -hajArIlAla jaina 'kAkA'
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM vIra, terI rAha ko yadi vizva sArA jAna jAtA, miTa gae hote kalaha saba, tUne paraspara prema kA, zAnti kA varadAna paataa| sabako diyA saMdeza, prabhuvara, manuja devI-devatAoM ke, bheda sAre dUra karane ko bavanDara se thA ghirA, diyA vara bahuta sundara / bhUlakara nija zakti unake, dveSa au' ekAnta ko viphala caraNoM meM giraa| tUne sadA mithyAtva mAnA, chor3akara puruSArtha apanA, le apekSAvAda kA, mAMgatA thA vara unhIM se, avalamba sabako satya jaanaa| tUne kahA taba, "e manuja", hAya ! jIvana meM ise yadi, kyoM DhUMDhatA bAhara kahIM hai| kSubdha manuja utAra pAtA, tU svayaM hI zubha-azubha nija, vIra, terI rAha ko yadi, bhAgya- rekhA kA vidhaataa| vizva sArA jAna jaataa| vIra, terI rAha ko yadi, miTa gae hote kalaha saba, vizva sArA jAna jAtA // zAnti kA varadAna paataa|| -indracandra zAstrI o vidrohI ! o tIrthakara !! terA vaha dharmacakra-vartana !!! lekara anaMga mohana yauvana, adharoM para bakima dhanutAne / manasija kI puSpa-dhanuSa-DorI, tuma tor3a cale o mastAne // nandana kAnana meM apsariyA~ vana kamala vichI tere patha meN| pada-raja kI unako de parAga, tU lauTa car3hA pAvaka ratha meM // o vidrahI ! o tIrthakara !! terA vaha dharmacakra-vartana !!! jisase tU bheda gayA arhata ! cira janma-maraNa ke gaThabandhana !! pAvApura kI ve sara lahareM gAtI haiN| aba bhI muktigAna ! prakaTA uSA meM jyoti puruSa ! vaha jhAMkA tIrthaMkara mahAna !!
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________________ [ 47 jAge viveka, jAge cetana, jAge jIvana kalyANa maMtra / saba rAjanIti au bhedanIti se kara mAnava ko phira svatantra // isa mukti rAtri meM, lo, bandI ke azrusajala zatazata praNAma / o mukta ! loka ke sukha-duHkha se kyA kabhI le sake tuma virAma // bebasa A~sU meM jana jana ke, prabhu jyotita kara do AtmajJAna / apanA svAmI sRSTA banakara, vaha kare mAMgalika nava vidhAna // -vIrendrakumAra jaina maMgala-ratha Atmadarza kI liye sAdhanA, grAma-grAma meM kiyA bhramaNa, jovana darzana sahita, loka darzana kA icchuka mahAbhramaNa / bIjagaNita the rAta aura dina, AtmajJAna thA samIkaraNa, hala karane kI cAha lie, vana-upavana meM karatA vicaraNa // aMtavirodha jisase vinaSTa, vaha vItarAga kucha aisA thA, mRga zAvaka kA mitra siMha, tapa kA prabhAva kucha aisA thaa| AjAda-zraddhA zakti bhAva, ____ vyApA vasudhA para dUra-dUra, barbaratA aura ghamaMDa sabhI, the khaMDa-khaMDa va cUra-cUra // -rameza rAyajAdA
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________________ jaya mahAvIra namo ! jaya trizalA-nandana mahAvIra namo ! bhava-bhaya-bhaMjana vIra namo !! siddhAratha rAjadulAre, tihu~ jaga ke ujiyAre / jana-jana ke pyAre, jaya mahAvIra nmo| pApa nikaMdana vIra namo !! lokAloka prakAzI, bhavijana kamala vikaashii| guNa ananta kI rAzI, jaya mahAvIra nmo| hari-kRta-vandana vIra namo !! mokSa-maga-netA, krm-klNk-vijetaa| zuddhAtama-cetA, jaya mahAvIra nmo| rahita sapaMdana vIra namo !! karuNA-sAgara para-upakArI, satya-ahiMsA avtaarii| sudharma-dhvaja-dhArI, jaya mahAvIra nmo| __ bhakta-ura-candana vIra namo !! sanmati ke dAtA, varddhamAna sukha-sAtA / akhila jaga-trAtA, jaya mahAvIra nmo| jyoti-mana-raMjana vIra namo !! -'jyoti'
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________________ Wan .00000005 . . . mahAvIraH yuga, jIvana aura denA nava agara de Wan . .
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________________ kyA kahA~ hai ? khh hm sm w " r s w `r m tIrthakara mahAvIra mahAvIra kI vizeSatA 3 mahAvIra yuga meM samAja aura dharma kI sthiti ... bhagavAna mahAvIra mAnava utkarSa kI UrjA ke saMvAhaka mahAvIra ... bhava-bhava kI sAdhanA yadi mahAvIra tIrthakara nahIM hote 8 cintana ke jharokhe se 6 mahAvIra kitane jJAta, kitane ajJAta 10 ahiMsA ke mUrta svarUpa 11 mahApuruSa mahAvIra 12 mahAvIra kI niSpakSatA kA eka prasaMga 13 jJAtaputra kI ajJAta sAdhanA 14 mahAvIra aura mUka jagata 15 bhagavAna mahAvIra-jIvana aura darzana 16 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA duHkha bodha 17 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra 18 samatA dharma ke prarUpaka-mahAvIra 16 samatvasraSTA bhagavAna mahAvIra 20 mahAvIra jIvana darzanaH eka mUlyAMkana 21 samagra krAnti ke dRSTA 22 mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana kA AdhAra f 23 duHkha aura sukha ke kAraNa 24 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para eka dRSTi 25 mahAvIra kI bhASA krAnti 26 mahAvIra-nirvANa-kAla 27 mahAvIra ne kahA upAdhyAya muni vidyAnanda santa vinobA bhAve DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla zrI lakSmI candra jaina DA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina AcArya tulasI upAdhyAya amara muni zrI jamanAlAla jaina zrI rAma nArAyaNa upAdhyAya DA0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana zrI agaracandra nAhaTA, bIkAnera zrI dhanarAja zAmasukhA AcArya rajanIza muni zrI rAkeza kumAra DA0 harendra prasAda varmA paM0 becara dAsa dozI pro0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA sAdhvI aNimA zrI DA0 dharma candra zrI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' DA0 pradyumna kumAra jaina lh lh 2064 GK CWWsh G KWD 0 sh lh llh llh sd bh paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntAcArya byAvara DA0 nemicandra jaina DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina muni mahendra kumAra 'prathama' h m
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________________ bAgapaNA IUUUUUUUUU yogIzvara varddhamAna mahAvIra
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________________ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra Wan jaba grISma kA sUrya apanI prakhara kiraNoM se jagat ko saMtapta kara DAlatA hai, pakSiyoM kA unmukta gagana vihAra banda ho jAtA hai, svachanda vihArI hiraNoM kI khule maidAna kI AmodamayI krIr3A ruka jAtI hai, asaMkhya prANadhAriyoM kI tRSA bujhAne vAle sarovara sUla jAte haiM, unakI sarasa miTTI bhI nIrasa ho jAtI hai, janatA kA AvAgamana avaruddha ho jAtA hai, prANadAyaka vAyu bhI tapta lU banakara prANahAraka bana jAtI hai, samasta dhalacara, nabhacara prANI asahya tApa se trAhi-trAhi karane lagate haiN| - upAdhyAya muni zrI vidyAnanda taba jagata kI usa vyAkulatA ko dekhakara prakRti karavaTa letI hai, AkAza meM sajala kAle bAdala chA jAte haiM, saMsAra kA saMtApa miTAne ke lie unameM se zItala jala bindu Tapakane lagate haiM, vASpa (bhApa) ke rUpa meM pRthvI se lie hue jala RNa ko AkAza sUda sameta cukAne ke lie jaladhArA kI jhar3I bA~dha detA hai / jisase pRthvI na kevala apanI pyAsa bujhAtI hai, apitu asaMkhya vyaktiyoM kI pyAsa bujhAne ke lie apanA bhaMDAra bhI bhara letI hai, janatA ke Amoda-pramoda ke lie harI ghAsa kI cAdara bichA detI hai, samasta jagata kA saMtApa dUra ho jAtA hai aura sabhI manuSya, pazu-pakSI Ananda kI dhvani karane lagate haiN| isI taraha svArtha kI Ar3a meM jaba durAcAra atyAcAra saMsAra meM phaila jAtA hai; dIna, hIna, niHzakta prANI nirdayatA kI cakkI meM pisane lagate haiM, rakSaka jana ho unake bhakSaka bana jAte haiM, svArthI dayAhIna mAnava dharma kI dhArA adharma kI ora mor3a detA hai, dIna asahAya prANiyoM kI karuNa pukAra jaba koI nahIM sunatA, taba prakRti kA karuNa srota bahane lagatA hai / vaha aisA parAkramI sAhasI vIra lA khar3A karatI hai, jo atyAcAriyoM ke atyAcAra ko miTA detA hai, dIna-duHkhI prANiyoM kA saMkaTa dUra karatA hai aura janatA ko satpaya dikhAtA hai| Aja se 2600 varSa pahile bhArata kI vasundharA bhI pApa bhAra se kAMpa uThI thii| janatA jina logoM ko apanA dharma-guru purohita mAnatI thI, dharma kA autAra samajhatI thI, una hI kA mukha rakta-mAMsa kA lolupa bana gayA thA, ata: ve apanI lolupatA zAnta karane ke lie svarga, rAjya, putra, dhana Adi kA pralobhana dekara bholI abodha janatA se havana karAte the unameM bakaroM Adi aneka mUka, nirIha aura niraparAdha pazuoM, yahAM taka ki kabhI-kabhI dharma ke nAma para katla karake unake mAMsa kA havana karate the| jJAnahIna janatA una svArthI, mAne hue dharma guruoM ke vacanoM ko paramAtmA kI voNI samajhakara dayAhIna pApa ko dharma samajha baiThI thI isa taraha dIna, nirbala, asahAya pazuoM kI karuNA-janaka AvAja sunane vAlA koI na thA / isa prakAra mAMsa-lolupa dharmAndhoM kA svArtha ora janatA kA ajJAna usa pApa kRtya kA saMcAlana kara rahA thA / usa samaya AvazyakatA thI jana sAdhAraNa ko jJAna kA prakAza dene kI aura patha bhraSTa dharmAndhoM kA hRdaya badalane kI, jisase bhArata kA pApa bhAra halkA hotA aura pApa kI durgandha deza se dUra hotI /
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________________ kha-3 aura jaba tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA marmasparzI upadeza janatA ne sunA to dharma kA sundara satya svarUpa use jJAta huaa| usa dharma pracAra se ahiMsA kA prabhAvazAlI prasAra huA, pazuyajJa hone sarvatra banda ho gye| hiMsA kRtya aura mAMsa-bhakSaNa se bhI janatA ghRNA karane lgii| hiMsaka loga tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA upadeza sunakara svayaM ahiMsaka bana gye| zrI mahAvIra tIrthakara ne icchArahita hokara bho bhavyajanoM ke prati sahaja dayA se prerita hokara athavA unake prabala puNyayoga se kAzI, kazmIra, kuru, magadha, kosala, kAmarUpa, kaccha, kaliMga, kurujAMgala, kiSkiMdhA, malladeza, pAMcAla, kerala, madra, cedi, dazArNa, vaMga, aMga, AMdhra, uzInara, malaya, vidarbha, gaur3a Adi dezoM meM dharmaprabhAvanA kI, dezanArtha pravacana kiyaa| etAvatA aneka prAntoM tathA dezoM meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA maMgala vihAra huA aura mahAna dharma-pracAra huaa| unakI bhASA divya dhvanirUpiNI thI, jise sabhI upasthita zrotA samajhate the| jahA~-jahA~ tIrthaMkara bhagavAna vihAra karate the vahA~-vahA~ dharmapIyUSapAthiyoM ko upadeza pradAna karate the| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jahA~ bhI maMgalamaya vihAra huA, vahA~ ke zAsaka, maMtrI, senApati, purohita, vidvAna, tathA anya sAdhAraNajana unake anuyAyI bhakta banate gye| jisa taraha sUrya ke udaya se andhakAra haTatA jAtA hai usI taraha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke upadeza se ajJAna, bhrama, adharma, anyAya, atyAcAra, hiMsA-kRtya Adi pApAcAra sAdhAraNa jana kSetra se dUra hotA gayA aura niraparAdha mUka pazu jagat ko saMrakSaNa milaa| * mahAvIra kI vizeSatA * mahAvIra svAmI ne tor3ane kA kAma nahIM kiyA, hamezA jor3ane kA kAma kiyaa| unake sAtha bAtacIta ke lie koI upaniSada kA abhimAnI AtA to usake sAtha ve upaniSada ke AdhAra para carcA karate the, gItA kA abhimAnI AtA to gItA kA AdhAra lekara carcA karate, koI veda kA abhimAnI AtA to veda kA AdhAra lekara carcA karate, bauddhoM ke sAtha unake grantha kA AdhAra lekara carcA krte| unhoMne apanA vicAra kisI para jarA bhI lAdA nahIM aura sAmane vAle ke vicAra ke anusAra-socakara samAdhAna dete the / -saMta vinobA bhAve
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________________ mahAvIra-yuga meM samAja aura dharma kI sthiti -DA. jyoti prasAda jaina vardhamAna mahAvIra zramaNa paramparA ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM antima the| IsA pUrva 599 meM unakA janma huA thA, aura bahattara varSa kI Ayu meM, IsA pUrva 527 meM unakA nirvANa huA thaa| IsA masIha ke janma se pUrva kI vaha chaThI zatAbdI aisI yugAntarakArI zatI thI jo mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa siddha huii| usa kAla meM prAyaH sampUrNa sabhya saMsAra kA vAtAvaraNa eka abhUtapUrva jJAna jAgRti, dArzanika cintana evaM bhAvuka utsAha se vidyutAkrAnta thA, prAyaH sarvatra eka adbhuta AdhyAtmika vyagratA aura bauddhika kSobha dRSTigocara huaa| eka navIna yuga kA AvirbhAva ho rahA thaa| pazcimI sabhya jagata ke kendra yUnAna meM Ayoniyana dArzanika vizva saMracanA ke Adya upAdAna tatva ke viSaya meM vAda-prativAda kara rahe the, to vahIM pAithegorasa mahAna apane 'sAmaMjasya siddhAnta' kA pratipAdana kara rahe the aura punarjanma evaM zAkAhAra kA pracAra kara rahe the| parameDIja aura empiDoklIja jaise yunAnI dArzanika bhI prAyaH tabhI he| usI yuga meM mahAdeza cIna meM lAutsu aura kanaphazasa nAma ke do mahApuruSa utpanna hue-lAutsu ne apane 'prakRti zAstra' ko racanA kI, jo tAo dharma evaM vicAradhArA kA sarvamahAna Apta grantha mAnA jAtA hai, aura nItijJa ziromaNi kanaphazasa ne apane suprasiddha 'svarNa siddhAnta' kA pratipAdana kiyaa| IrAna (phArasa deza) meM jaratharata mahAna ne 'prakAza' evaM 'andhakAra' kI zaktiyoM ke madhya calane vAle dvandva ko apane siddhAnta kA AdhAra banAyA, to mesopoTAmiyA meM paigambara mUsA apane anusartAoM ko paramapitA jehovA taka pahu~cane kA mArga dikhA rahe the| svayaM puNyabhUpi bhAratavarSa meM, usa kAla meM, eka nahIM, darjanoM zreSTha cintakoM, dharmasudhArakoM, evaM darzana saMsthApakoM * kA udaya haA thaa| ina cintakoM evaM dRSTAoM ne apane pUrvajoM se prApta jJAna kI virAsata ko Age bar3hAyA aura apanI ora se use naI bhaMgimAe~ pradAna kii| vastutaH bhAratIya samAja ke lie to vaha aneka dRSTiyoM se eka mahAna krAnti-yuga thA, aura rAjanaitika, Arthika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika kSetroM meM jina parivartanoM kI nIMva usa samaya par3I, unakA ciravyApI evaM dUravyApI prabhAva huaa| suprasiddha mahAbhArata yuddha aura tadanantara bhI calatI rahI AtmaghAtI gRhakalahoM ne vaidika kSatriyoM kI sArvasattA ko prAyaH dharAzAyI kara diyA thaa| unakA sthAna aba prAgArya rAjyavaMzo kI bacI-khucI santAnoM ne, athavA ajJAta kulazIla sAhasika vyaktiyoM ne lenA prArambha kara diyA thaa| kaTTara vaidika dharmI unheM dharmabAhya evaM
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________________ kha - 3 4 ] jAtibAhya mAnate the aura unake lie kSAtrabandhu vrAtya kSatriya prabhUti honatA dyotaka zabdoM kA prayoga karate the, jisakA kAraNa saMbhavatayA yaha thA ki ina navodita kSAtradharmiyoM kA bahubhAga brAhmaNa vaidika dharma kA anuyAyI nahIM thA, varan zramaNoM kA upAsaka thA / magadha deza ke rAje aura pUrvI uttara pradeza evaM vihAra kI gaNatantrIya jAtiyA~ isI varga kI thIM / prAcIna jaina evaM bauddha sAhitya meM usa kAla meM vidyamAna solaha mahAjanapadoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / hI pramukha sattAe~ thiiN| kintu inameM bhI janatantrIya jAtiyoM kA zaktizAlI vajjigaNasaMgha, jisakA pramukha kendra mahAnagarI vaizAlI thI, aura magadha ( rAjadhAnI rAjagRha, aparanAma paMcazailapura, kuzAgrapura, kSitipratiSTha, magadhapura, RSabhapura, Adi), kosala ( rAjadhAnI zrAvastI), vatsa ( rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI) tathA avanti (rAjadhAnI ujjayinI) ke rAjatantra sarvopari the / magadha ne to usI yuga meM apane bimbisAra zreNika aura ajAtazatru kuNika jaise mahatvAkAMkSI evaM AkramaNa nIti viziSTa narezoM ke zAsana meM prabhUta utkarSa prApta kara liyA thA - bhAvI magadha sAmrAjya kI nIMva par3a cukI thI aura usakI mahAnagarI rAjagRha ko to vizva ke dhArmika dRSTi se eka sarvAdhika sampanna samaya ko prasava karane aura usakA kendra hone kA zreya prApta huA / rAjanIti ke kSetra meM, purAnA jAtIya mukhiyA ( yA kabIle kA saradAra) aba vAstavika rAjA kA rUpa le cukA thA, jo prAyaH ekacchatra aura bahudhA niraMkuza zAsaka hotA thA tathA apanI prajA ke jana sAmAnya kI vaiyaktika sampatti bhI cAhe jaba hastagata kara sakatA thaa| choTe-bar3e bhUmipatiyoM aura sAmanta saradAroM kI saMsthA druta vega se ubhara rahI thI / ve loga rAjya aura khetihara kRSaka ke madhya bicaulie the, rAjatantra kI zakti ko bala pradAna karane meM unakA bar3A yoga thA / ekacchatra rAjyatantroM meM abhI bhI katipaya janatantrIya tatva kAryAnvita the, yathA rAjA ke cunAva meM janatA kI rAya bhI lI jAtI thI, siMhAsanAsIna hote samaya nayA rAjA apanI prajA ko kucha AzvAsana evaM vacana detA thA, apane mantriyoM ke parAmarza se zAsana kArya calAtA thA aura sabhA evaM samiti nAmaka sammelanoM meM janatA kI sammati bhI vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM prApta karatA thA / licchavi, malla, videha, zAkya prabhRti jAtIya gaNatantroM meM zAsana kA janatAntrika rUpa svabhAvatayA adhika pratyakSa thaa| par3osI zaktiyoM meM paraspara yuddha bahudhA calate rahate the, kintu ukta yuddhoM se sAmAnya janatA ko vizeSa kSati nahIM pahuMcatI thIM- yuddha meM saMlagna virodhI dala unmukta lUTa-khasoTa, tor3a-phor3a aura vidhvaMsa se prAyaH bacate the, aura yaha sAvadhAnI baratate the ki khetI evaM pazudhana ko hAni na pahuMce aura yathAzakya jana sAdhAraNa ko koI kSati na ho / Arthika kSetra meM, kRSi janatA kA sarvapradhAna udyoga thA, yadyapi vibhinna hastazilpa evaM kuTIra udyoga bhI drutavega se vikasita ho rahe the / vividha udyoga-dhandhoM meM lage loga svayaM ko apane-apane vyavasAya se saMbandhita zreNiyoM, nigamoM Adi meM saMgaThita karane lage the / isa prakAra sArthavAha, rAjazreSThi, mahAjana, svarNakAra, lohakAra, kumbhakAra, tailakAra, tantukAra Adi ke apane pRthaka-pRthaka saMgaThana the| ina zreNiyoM ke nirmANa evaM saMgaThana meM magadha nareza bimbisAra ne vizeSa yoga diyA thA / sambhavatayA isI kAraNa vaha rAjA 'zreNika' nAma se prasiddha huA / udyogadhandhoM ke viziSTIkaraNa, vRddhi aura prasAra ne vANijya evaM vyApAra ko abhUtapUrva protsAhana diyA / vividha paNya se lade bar3e-bar3e sArthavAha~ thala aura jalamArga se bhI, jaMgaloM, marubhUmiyoM, nadiyoM, aura samudroM ko pAra karake dUra-dUra taka jAne-Ane lage the / baizAlI, rAjagRha, campA, vArANasI, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, ujjayinI aura mathurA jaisI mahArAjadhAniyoM ke atirikta bhI deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM anaginata vyApAra-kendra udaya meM A rahe the, aura pratyeka meM dhanI mahAjanoM, vaNikoM evaM vyApAriyoM kI saMkhyA vRddhigata thii| sAtha hI krIta dAsoM, sevakoM, karmakaroM aura zramikoM kI saMkhyA meM bhI vRddhi ho rahI thii| mAMga evaM pUrti ke siddhAMta se nirdhArita vyApAra nirbAdha evaM
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________________ kha - 3 [ 5 svatantra yA rAjya kI ora se usa para prAya: koI bakAvaTa yA niyantraNa nahIM thA kraya-vikraya meM vastu parivartana kA sthAna mudrita sikke le rahe the- kaI zreNiyAM yA nigama svayaM apanI mudrAeM DhAlatI thIM / huMDI-paracoM kA pracalana bhI hone lagA thaa| byAja para RNa denA vaidha mAnA jAtA thA aura lie hue RNa ko cukatA karanA eka pratiSThita kartavya samajhA jAtA thA / vacana kI sAkha thI / sAmAnyatayA pratyeka vyakti mana cAhe vyavasAya meM laga sakatA thA; aura zramika varga to bahudhA kisI vyavasAya vizeSa athavA sthAna vizeSa se baMdhA nahIM thA; zrama sacala yA dehAta meM jIvana atyanta sarala, sAdA, mitavyayI evaM zramazIla thA, kintu isake viparIta nagaroM meM jIvana tar3aka-bhar3aka, vaibhava aura vilAsapUrNa thAM / vahA~, vizeSakara samRddha janoM kA, jIvana stara paryApta U~cA thA / vahA~ aise bhI aneka vyakti dRSTigocara ho sakate the jo jJAna-vijJAna tathA saMgIta, nRtya, citra, mUrtizilpa, sthApatya Adi vividha kalAoM kI sAdhanA meM rata rhte| prAcIna jaina, bauddha evaM brahmaNIya sAhitya tathA anubhUtiyoM se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki mahAvIrayuga meM loga sAmAntayA sukhI the, jIvana saMgharSa taba taka utanA bhISaNa aura kaThora nahIM huA thA, tathA upabhoga se adhika utpAdana hotA thaa| arthavyavasthA ghATe kI nahIM bacata kI thii| vastutaH usa kAla meM rAjanaitika aura Arthika viSamatAe~ itanA trAsadAyaka zAyada nahIM thIM, jitanA ki vividha sAmAjika viSamatAe~ thiiN| jana samudAya ke bahubhAga para brAhmaNa purohitoM kA prabhAva itanA bar3ha gayA thA aura unakA paMjA itanA dRr3ha ho gayA thA ki ve svayaM ko sAkSAt 'bhUdeva' (pRthvI kA devatA) kahane lage the| apane Apako anya sabase pRthaka rakhane kI unakI pravRtti ne sampUrNa bhAratIya samAja ko zanaiH zanai: aisI aneka alaga-alaga jAtiyoM-upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA, jinakA AdhAra vyakti kI manovRtti, karma yA vyavasAya na hokara, janma ko mAnA jAne lagA / arthAt ye jAtiyA~ karmataH na rahakara, janmataH hone lagIM, aura bahudhA unameM roTI-beTI vyavahAra para bhI pratibandha lagane lagA thaa| zUdra karma karane para bhI brAhmaNa kA putra brAhmaNa hI rahatA, aura brAhmaNa karmA evaM dharmA hote hue bhI zudra ke ghara janmA bAlaka jIvana bhara zudra hI rahatA / ye jAtiyA~ brAhmaNa kSatriya vaizya zUdra ina cAra vargoM taka hI sImita nahIM rahIM, aneka vyavasAyaparaka upajAtiyA~ bhI udaya meM Ane lgiiN| aisA bhI nahIM hai ki brAhmaNa ke isa sva- Aropita teja, ucca sthiti, pada evaM prabhAva ko sabhI ne binA bUM-carA kiye svIkRta kara liyA thaa| kama se kama usa kAla kA kSatriya paga-paga para brAhmaNa ko cunautI de rahA thA, yahA~ taka ki jJAna-vijJAna evaM dharma ke kSetra meM bhI usakA prabala pratidvandvI thaa| tIsarA varNa vaizya thA, jisake hAtha meM arthakoSa kI kunjI thI aura jo sampUrNa Arthika vyavasthA kI pradhAna dhurI thaa| ataeva brAhmaNa aura kSatriya donoM hI na to usase pratyakSa ghRNA kara sakate the aura na usakI upekSA hI kara sakate kintu aneka vyAvasAyika rUr3ha upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita caturtha varNa, zUdra, uparokta tInoM hI adhikArasampanna evaM tathAkathita dvija varNoM ke zoSaNa kA zikAra thaa| sAmAnyatayA vaha DhaMga se jIne aura rahane kI suvidhAoM se tathA dharma kA lAbha lene se bhI vaMcita kara diyA gayA thaa| isa cAturvarNya saMgaThana ke bAhara bhI aneka jAtibAhya cAMDAla, antyaja, aspRzya jaise samudAya the, jinheM koI nAgarika adhikAra prApta nahIM the aura jo pazuvat jIvana jIte the / prAyaH vaisI hI, zAyada usase bhI adhika hona evaM karuNotpAdaka sthiti dAsa-dAsiyoM kI thI, jo khule bAjAra, jar3a padArthoM athavA mUka pazuoM kI bhA~ti kharIde aura bece jAte the / jaise hI koI durbhAgya kA mArA dAsa banane para vivaza ho jAtA, usakA kula, zIla, jAti, nAma, svatantra vyaktitva, saba samApta ho jAte the / usakA koI nAgarika athavA kAnUnI adhikAra nahIM raha jAtA thA / vaha pUrNatayA apane svAmI kI sampatti thA, jo usake sAtha cAhe jo kara sakatA thaa| dAsaprathA usa yuga kI eka aisI bhayaMkara sAmAjika vikRti thI jisakA vizeSa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne khulakara kiyA aura samAja se usakA unmUlana karane meM vaha prAyaH saphala bhI hue / the ekacchatra rAjyatantroM, sAmantavAda, vyApAra aura udyoga, tathA ina sabase bhI adhika jAti vyavasthA kI saMkucita kaThoratA kI uttarottara vRddhi ke phalasvarUpa ghara meM bhI aura samAja meM bhI striyoM kA sthAna, sthiti, dazA, *
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________________ sa- 3 6] evaM niyati uttarottara hIna hotI calI gyii| bahu-paznItva kI pravRtti ko jo protsAhana milA, vizeSakara brAhmaNa varga meM, jinakA anukaraNa kSatriya evaM vaizya bhI svabhAvataH karane lage, usase nArI kI dazA meM aura adhika patana huA 1 janatantrAtmaka gaNoM ke prAtya kSatriyoM meM avazya hI sAmAnyatayA eka patnIvAda kI prathA calatI rhii| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitAmaha, pitA tathA anya aneka sambandhI evaM nAtedAra eka patnIvratI hI the / usa kAla meM kama se kama uttara bhArata meM samAja vyavasthA puruSa pradhAna thI puruSa hI gRhapati evaM parivAra kA mukhiyA thaa| use adhikAra thA ki vaha apanI cala va acala sampatti kA icchAnusAra upayoga kare, cAhe jisako de DAle yA cAhe jisa prakAra vyaya kare / vaha parivAra kI putriyoM aura vidhavA vadhuoM ko unake dAya se vaMcita bhI kara sakatA thA / vidhavA kA apane pati kI sampatti para koI vaidhAnika adhikAra nahIM thA, sivAya mAtra bharaNa-poSaNa ke / vivAha prathA vyApaka aura prAyaH anivArya ho calI thii| vivAha ne vidhivat dhArmika saMskAra kA rUpa le liyA thA aura sambandha prAyaH donoM pakSoM ke abhibhAvakoM dvArA hI nizcita hote the| kanyA kI to kyA, vara kI sahamati bhI zAyada kabhI lI jAtI thI / loga bahudhA svajAti kI kanyA ke sAtha hI, yadi saMbhava huA to apane mAmA kI putrI ke sAtha, vivAha karanA pasanda karate the| kabhI-kabhI antarjAtIya aura strI-puruSa dvArA svecchA se apanI pasanda ke bhI vivAha sambandha ho jAte the| magadhanareza the Nika vimbisAra kI kaI patniyAM thIM, jinameM se eka dakSiNa dezavAsI brAhmaNa kanyA bhI thii| rAjAoM kI vaizya paliyoM aura vaizyaputroM kI kSatriya yA brAhmaNa patniyoM ke hone ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiM / brAhmaNa to kisI bhI varNa kI strI ke sAtha vivAha karane meM svatantra thA hI vRddha aura anamela vivAha bhI hote the, kintu vidhavA vivAha para pratibandha yA strIpuruSa ke vivAhabAhya praNaya sambandha nindanIya samajhe jAte the, kintu jo sampanna aura samartha the upapatniyA~ bhI rakhate the / vezyAvRtti samAja mAnya thI aura praryApta pracalita thI / magadhasundarI, pAlI, anaMgasenA, kozA jaisI aneka vAravadhue~ yA gaNikAeM nagara kI zobhA samajhI jAtI thiiN| ve atyanta dhana, vaibhava, vilAsa sampanna, pratiSThita evaM nRtya, vAdya, saMgIta, citra Adi kalAoM meM parama nipuNa bhI hotI thiiN| rAjAoM, rAjakumAroM, ucca padAdhikAriyoM aura dhoSThiputroM Adi bhadraloka ke vilAsa evaM manoraMjana kA ve eka pramukha sAdhana thiiN| 1 isa kAla meM brAhmaNa purohita dhArmika guDasya ke jIvana ko nAnA vidhividhAnoM, karmakAMDoM evaM saMskAroM kI zrRMkhalA meM jakar3atA jA rahA thaa| ye saMskAra Adi garbhAdhAna ke bhI kucha pUrva prArambha ho jAte the, aura vyakti ke janma se lekara mRtyu paryanta hI nahIM usake uparAnta bhI zrAddha, piNDadAna Adi ke rUpa meM calate rahate the / isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki ina samasta vidhi-vidhAnoM kA pUrNatayA pAlana tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAja kA alpAMza hI karatA thA aneka vyApaka parva tyohAra, utsava Adi lokapriya the aura bahuta karake jIvana ko Anandamaya banAte the| isake atirikta brAhmaNoM kI samasta ceSTAoM ke bAvajUda bhAratIya samAja abhI kUTastha, gatyAvaruddha evaM nipaTa rUr3higrasta nahIM ho pAyA thaa| yaha saMkramaNa yuga parivartanoM evaM krAntiyoM kA yuga thaa| sAmAjika jIvana meM abhI bhI eka svastha vizAlahRdayatA, paramatasahiSNutA, dAnazIlatA aura udAratA parilakSita thii| loga sadAcArI, bhale, guNI, suvijJa evaM zUravIra vyaktiyoM kA sammAna karane meM rasa lete the aura unake prati bar3A AdarabhAva rakhate the / I , vAstava meM, zAyada hI kisI anya yuga aura anya deza meM, samAja ke prAyaH sabhI vargoM meM aisI utkaTa jijJAsA tathA dArzanikoM evaM dharmopadeSTAoM ke prati aisA niSpakSa evaM ucca AdarabhAva rahA ho, jaisA ki usa yuga ke bhArata meM thA, bhale hI ukta dharmaguruoM ke siddhAMta kitane hI paraspara virodhI athavA zrotAoM ke svamata ke viruddha rahate hoN| vaidika paramparA ke kaTTara pakSapAtI paMDitoM ne prAyaH isI yuga meM vedoM ko antima rUpa dekara unheM saMhitAoM meM saMkalita kiyA thA aura una para brAhmaNa, AraNyaka Adi granthoM ke rUpa meM kliSTa, durbodha TIkAoM kI racanA
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________________ kha-3 kara DAlI thI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa yAjJika kriyAkANDa atyanta vyayasAdhya, ADambarapUrNa, jaTila aura aparivartanIya banatA calA gyaa| vaidika saMskRti ke Adya yugoM meM jo pavitra mantroM kA pATha karane vAle sIdhe-sAdhe RSi the, unake vaMzajoM ne svayaM ko aba dharma purohitoM ke eka zaktizAlI varga ke rUpa meM saMgaThita kara liyA thaa| ina dharmAcAryoM ne lokamAnasa meM yaha bAta jamA dI thI ki upayukta vidhi-vidhAna, kriyAkANDa, purohita yA hotA aura yAjJika sAmagrI kA saMyoga hone para hI yajJa camatkArika rUpa meM yatheSTha phala pradAtA hotA hai / ye yajJa kisI AdhyAtmika lAbha yA cAritrika unnayana ke prayojana se nahIM kiye jAte the, varana yaza, kIti, mAna-bar3AI, dhana-sampatti kA lAbha, putrAdi kI prApti athavA vaiyaktika zatraoM kA vinAza jaise laukika udadezyoM ko lekara hI prAyaH yajJAnuSThAna kiye jAte the| uttara vaidika kAla meM tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi aura pArzvanAtha ne zRmaNadharma punuruddhAra kA jo abhiyAna calAyA thA usakA suphala yaha avazya huA ki aba aise anaSThAna apekSAkRta virala ho gaye the aura unameM kI jAne vAlI yAjJika hiMsA, pazubali Adi meM bhI bhArI nyUnatA A gaI thI / isI yuga meM brAhmaNIya smRti zAstroM kA prAthamika rUpa banA tathA varNAzRma dharma (cAturvarNya evaM caturAma vyavasthA) ke dRr3hatA se pAlana karane para bala diyA jAne lgaa| parantu tabhI, mukhyatayA kSatriya cintakoM ke netRtva meM, eka aisA sabala varga bhI udaya meM A rahA thA jo svayaM vaidika paramparA ke AdhAra se hI yAjJika kriyAkANDa evaM pazubali kA khulA sazakta virodha karatA thaa| isa varga ne vaidika sAhitya meM se hI AdhyAtmikatA ke bIja khojakara upaniSadoM ke AdhyAtmika rahasyavAda kA vikAsa kiyaa| brAhmaNa paramparA ke sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, mImAMsA Adi tathAkathita Astika SaDdarzanoM aura cArvAka ke nAstika bhautikavAda kA udaya bhI prAyaH isI kAla meM huaa| bahubhAga janatA aba bhI bauddhika dRSTi se pichar3I huI aura ajJAna grasta thI, jo sthAnIya yA grAmya devatAoM, bhUta-pretoM, daitya-dAnavoM, Adi kI pUjA aura tRpti karane meM saMlagna thI tathA nAnA andhavizvAsoM kI zikAra thii| bhAratIya cintana evaM saMskRti kI dUsarI mahatvapUrNa dhArA kA pratinidhitva zRmaNa parampa rA karatI thI, jo vedoM ke prAmANya, samAja meM brAhmaNa kI sarvopari sattA aura varNAzrama vyavasthA ko mAnya nahIM karatI thii| ahiMsA, tyAga aura aparigraha usake mUla mantra the aura vyakti ke cAritrika unnayana, naitika sadAcaraNa evaM AdhyAtmika sAdhanA para vaha vizeSa bala detI thii| isa kAla ke zRmaNa jagata meM paramparA vizvAsa ke anusAra antima tIrthaGkara ke udaya kI pratIkSA bar3I utsukatA ke sAtha kI jA rahI thI / pariNAmasvarUpa darjanoM vibhinna dharmopadeSTA svayaM ukta tIrthaGkara hone kA dAvA kara rahe the aura itastataH bhramaNa karate hue apane-apane mantavyoM kA janatA meM pracAra kara rahe the tathA logoM ko apanA anuyAyI banA rahe the| kahA jAtA hai ki 63 athavA 363 vibhinna dArzanika vAda yA mata-matAntara usa samaya deza meM pracalita ho rahe the, jinheM bhautikavAdI, saMzayavAdI, vyavahAravAdI, bhAgya yA niyativAdI, nitya yA zAzvatavAdI, kSaNikavAdI, kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, Adi lagabhaga Adhe darjana sthala bhedoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / pUraNa kassapa, ajita kesakaMbalina, pakudha kAccAyana, saMjaya velaThiputta, makkhali gozA, zAkyaputra gautama buddha aura nirgrantha jJAta putra vardhamAna mahAvIra usa kAla ke zramaNa dharmAcAryoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa the| inameM se bhI prathama cAra ke nAma evaM katipaya viziSTa siddhAntoM ke atirikta vizeSa kucha jJAta nahIM haiM unake sampradAya atyanta asthAyI rahe pratIta hote haiN| makkhali gozAla Ajivika sampradAya ke pravartaka the, jo madhyayuga ke prArambha taka kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna rahA aura antataH jaina paramparA meM atabhukta ho gyaa| gautama buddha bauddha dharma ke yazasvI pravartaka evaM saMsthApaka the aura vardhamAna mahAvIra prAcIna bhArata ke caubIsa AIta. jina zRmaNa tIrthaGkaroM kI zRkhalA meM antima the| unhoMne ukta tIrthaGkara paramparA ke dharma kA punuruddhAra evaM saMzodhana kiyA, muni-AyikA-zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa catuvidya jaina saMgha kA saMgaThana kiyA aura paramparA mAnyatAoM,
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________________ kha-3 darzana evaM siddhAntoM ko vyavasthita kiyA / unhoMne apane anekAntika syAdvAda darzana, svAnubhUta praur3ha tattvajJAna, ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM jIvamAtra kI samAnatA ke siddhAntoM tathA svastha pragatigAmI AzAvAda ke pracAra dvArA bhAratIya samAja kI dArzanika, vaicArika, dhArmika, sAmAjika, Arthika Adi vividha viSamatAoM ke unmUlana kA patha prazasta kiyaa| unake mahAna pratidvandviyoM ne bhI unheM vItarAga, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI mAnakara unakI pratiSThA kI thii| isa prakAra IsApUrva chaThI zatI kI vaha vaicArika krAnti yA dhArmika Andolana apane pariNAmoM meM kSetrAtIta evaM kAlAtIta siddha huaa| usane usa yuga vizeSa kI hI nahIM, mAnava jagata kI aneka zAzvata cunautiyoM kA DaTakara sAmanA kiyA aura mAnava kI sthAyI sukha-zAnti ke lie ukta cunautiyoM ke samAdhAna khoje evaM prastuta kiye| * bhagavAna mahAvIra * bhagavAna mahAvIra tapaH pradhAna saMskRti ke ujjavala pratIka haiN| bhogoM se bhare isa saMsAra meM eka aisI sthiti bhI saMbhava hai jisameM manuSya kA aDiga mana nirantara saMyama aura prakAza ke sAnnidhya meM rahatA ho-isa satya kI vizvasanIya prayogazAlA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana hai| varddhamAna mahAvIra gautama buddha kI bhAMti nitAnta aitihAsika vyakti haiN| mAtA-pitA ke dvArA unheM bhI hAr3a-mAMsa kA zarIra prApta huA thaa| anya mAnavoM kI bhAMti ve bhI kaccA dUdha pIkara bar3he the; kintu unakA udAtta mana alaukika thaa| tama aura jyoti, satya aura anata ke saMgharSa meM eka bAra jo mArga unhoMne svIkAra kiyA, usa para dRr3hatA se paira rakhakara hama unheM nirantara Age bar3hate hue dekhate haiN| unhoMne apane mana ko akhaNDa brahmacarya kI A~ca meM jaisA tapAyA thA, usakI tulanA meM rakhane ke lie anya udAharaNa kama hI mileNge| jisa AdhyAtma kendra meM isa prakAra kI siddhi prApti kI jAtI hai usakI dhArAe~ deza aura kAla meM apanA nissIma prabhAva DAlatI haiN| mahAvIra kA vaha prabhAva Aja bhI amara hai / adhyAtma ke kSetra meM manaSya kaisA sAmrAjya nimita kara sakatA hai, usa mArga meM kitanI dUra taka vaha apanI janmasiddha mahimA kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai, isakA jJAna hameM mahAvIra ke jIvana se prApta hotA hai / bAra-bAra hamArA mana unakI phaulAdI dRr3hatA se prabhAvita hotA hai / kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e rahakara zarIra ke sukha-duHkhoM se nirapekSa rahate hue unhoMne kAya sAdhana ke atyanta utkRSTa Adarza ko pratyakSa dikhAyA thaa| nirbala saMkalpa kA vyakti usa Adarza ko mAnavI pahuMca se bAhara bhale hI samajhe, para usakI satyatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM ho sakatA / tIrthakara mahAvIra usa satyAtmaka paridhi ke kendra meM akhaNDa prajvalita dIpa kI bhA~ti hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| yadyapi yaha paya atyanta kaThina thA; kinta hama unake kRtajJa haiM ki usa mArga para jaba ve eka bAra cale to na to unake paira ruke aura na DagamagAye / unhoMne anta taka usakA nirvAha kiyaa| tyAga aura tapa ke jIvana ko rasamaya zabdoM meM prastuta karanA kaThina hai, kintu phira bhI isa sundara jIvana meM kitane hI mArmika sthala haiM tathA kitanI hI aisI rekhAeM haiM jo unake mAnavIya rUpa ko sAkAra banAtI haiN| satya, ahiMsA aura brahmacarya, tapa aura aparigraha rUpI mahAna AdarzoM ke pratIka bhagavAna mahAvIra haiN| ina mahAvratoM kI akhaNDa sAdhanA se unhoMne jIvana kA buddhigamya mArga nirdhArita kiyA thA aura bhautika zarIra ke pralobhanoM se Upara uThakara adhyAtma bhAvoM kI zAzvata vijaya sthApita kI thii| mana, vANI aura karma kI sAdhanA ucca ananta jIvana ke lie kitanI dUra taka saMbhava hai, isakA udAharaNa tIrthakara mahAvIra kA jIvana hai| isa gambhIra prajJA ke kAraNa AgamoM meM mahAvIra ko 'dIrghaprajJa' kahA gayA hai| aise tIrthakara kA caritra dhanya hai| -DA0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla.
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________________ mAnava utkarSa kI UrjA ke saMvAhaka mahAvIra -zrI lakSmI candra jaina yaha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai ki sAMsArika vijaya ke kSetra meM jina kSatriyoM kI talavAra ne parAkrama aura vIratA ko tejasvitA kA Aloka diyA, una kSatriyoM ke vaMzaja hI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke netA bane / Azcarya nahIM ki jaina dharma ke caubIsoM tIrthakara kSatriya the| ina tIrthakaroM ne jIvana ke vikAsa-krama meM sabhI prakAra ke dAyitvoM kA nirvAha kiyA-aneka ne rAjyoM kA saMcAlana kiyA, sabhI ne sAmAjika vyavasthA meM yugAnukala sudhAra karake loka-kalyANa kiyA, vaiyaktika tyAga aura tapasyA dvArA Atmatatva kI upalabdhi ke uparAnta AtmajJAna kI ora mAnava samAja ko unmukha kiyaa| jaba buddha vaizAlI meM padhAre, to unhoMne apane bhikSaoM se kahA thA-'bhikSuoM, kyA tumane devoM ko sudarzana nagara se udyAna-bhUmi ko jAte dekhA hai ? yadi nahIM, to aba ina vaizAlI ke kSatriyoM ko dekha lo, kyoMki jaisI Rddhi devoM kI hotI hai, vaisI hI vaizAlI ke ina licchiviyoM kI dikhAI de rahI hai| yadyapi vaizAlI kA yaha camatkArI varNana buddha ne svayaM kiyA hai, kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki samAja ke sabhI varga sampanna the| jana-sAdhAraNa kI Arthika vipannatA adhika na rahI ho, kintu sAmAjika vipannatA kI sthiti bahuta karuNa thii| aisA na hotA, to mahAvIra aura buddha ne sAmAjika krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kyoM kiyA hotA? mahAvIra kI isa sAmAjika krAMti kA mukhya lakSya thA, dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA-dharma jisane bhAratIya samAja kI vyavasthA ko sadA prabhAvita kiyA hai, niyaMtrita kiyA hai, aura apanI jIvaMtatA se jana-samAja ko sumArga dikhAyA, mana ko zAMti dI, vipattiyoM ko sahana karane kI kSamatA dI, prema ke dvAra khole, sahAnubhUti kI sIkha dii| dharma kA yaha svarUpa zatAbdiyoM ke baMdhe-baMdhAye DhaMga ke kriyAkAMDa aura kriyAkAMDiyoM kI svArthaparaka dRSTi ke kAraNa vilupta hotA gayA thaa| yajJoM ke anuSThAna kI yAMtrikatA, niyamoM, upa-niyamoM kI aisI pAMDityapUrNa vyavasthA ki janasAdhAraNa kI pahu~ca aura samajha se bAhara-na bhASA kA bodha, na bhAva kI pakar3a, aura na hI bhAvanA kI paritRpti kA komala mAnavIya AdhAra / pazuyajJa bhI jahAM niSiddha nahIM; jahAM zUdroM kI sAmAjika jaghanyatA unheM pazuoM kI koTi meM lA baiThAye; jahA~ striyoM ke astitva ko vyaktitva kI koTi se bahiSkRta kara diyA gayA ho; jahA~ bhare bAjAra meM dAsa-dAsiyoM kA kraya-vikraya hotA ho, vahA~ aisI vyavasthA kA samarthana karanevAlA dharma svatantracetA vyaktiyoM ke hRdaya ko mathita kyoM na karatA ?
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________________ kha-3 siddhArtha aura trizalA ke vaibhava kI vaddhi ke bIca bAlaka varddhamAna (mahAvIra kA prArambhika nAma isI vRddhi ke kAraNa) ne zaizava pAra kiyaa| kizora hue the| apanI vIratA ke kAraNa madonmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karake janatA kI rakSA kI; viSadhara sarpa ko vaza meM karake bhayabhIta sakhAoM kA trANa kiyA aura 'mahAvIra' kahalAe; prakhara pratibhA ke sahaja prayoga dvArA gar3ha dArzanika praznoM kA uttara dene ke kAraNa 'sanmati' kahalAe-aneka camatkAra, aura ina camatkAroM kI kavi-sulabha kalpanA ke latA-vitAna meM aneka carita-puruSoM aura kAvya-kathAoM ke puSpa khilate cale gye| kintu mahAvIra ke vyaktitva ke yaha camatkAra hI yadi saba kucha hote aura janatA unase mugdha hokara unheM bhagavAna mAnakara paritRpta aura sukhI ho jAtI, to 30 varSa ke rAjakumAra varddhamAna mahAvIra rAjamahala chor3a kara sAdhanA ke lie vana kI ora kyoM prasthAna karate ? nirgrantha, nagna, akele, mauna, anidra, dhyAnamagna / pUre bAraha varSoM kI kaThora tapasyA aura saadhnaa| kahIM kuTI nahIM banAyI, kevala varSA ke cAra mahInoM meM sthAna kI paridhi meM baMdhe cAturmAsa karate, aura zeSa dina-mahIne bhramaNa aura dhyAna, cintana aura padayAtrA, mauna aura alasa, nidrAhIna / mana meM prazna hotA hai-rAjavaMza ke sAdhanoM kA upayoga karake unheM vaizAlI meM rahate hue samAja kalyANa ke kArya karane cAhie the| jinakA vIratva pratiSThita ho cukA thA, unake lie sahaja thA ki janatantra ko zaktizAlI banAte, sAmrAjyavAdiyoM kA uccheda karate. prajA kI samaddhi kI yojanAoM ko racate, unheM saphala banAte / jahA~ taka AdhyAtmika jJAna kA prazna hai, unake nAnA ceTaka aura pitA siddhArtha tIrthaGkaroM ke sAdhanA mArga ke jJAtA the| svayaM mahAvIra ahaMta darzana ko pallavita karane kI kSamatA rakhate the; vaha tIrthaGkara the, aura isI bhava se mokSa jAyeMge, yaha janazrati aura jyoti vibhora kI vANI pracArita ho cukI thii| phira mahAvIra ne kaSToM, parISahoM kA mArga kyoM cunA, kyoM bhayAvaha nirjana vanoM meM yakSoM aura pretoM ke upadrava sahe; kyoM lAr3ha deza ke nirdaya hiMsakoM kI pratAr3anA sahI; jaba pakar3e gaye, to kyoM mauna sAdhanA kA vrata bhaMga nahIM kiyA ? kathAnaka to yahA~ taka bhI hai ki duSToM ne unake kAna meM kIleM ThoMka dI aura rudhira kI dhArA ke bIca jaba unheM nikAlA gayA hogA to Thokane se bhI adhika nikAlane meM kaSTa huA hogA? socate haiM to hRdaya tharrA jAtA hai / jinake camatkAroM kI kathA ananta hai, aise tIrthaGkara ke viSaya meM ina kaSToM kI kalpanA, inakA socanA aura hunakA batAnA saba kucha trAsadAyaka hai| isaliye jaina dhArmika sAhitya kI eka paramparA meM tIrthaMkara ke prati aisI drAvaka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| kintu upasarga to mahAvIra ne sahe hii| kaThina se kaThina sardI, garmI, dhUpa, viSAkta kRmi-kIToM dvArA zarIra-chedana, sabhI kucha sahane kA ullekha hai; unake 12 varSa ke sAdhanA kAla ke pratyeka kSaNa ke sAtha ye ghaTanAeM jur3I huI haiM / mahAvIra ke dharma ko aura jaina dharma ke maulika ciMtana ko samajhane kI kunjI inhIM praznoM ke uttara meM hai| pUrva tIrthakaroM dvArA upadezita jJAna para AsthA aura zraddhA rakhanA eka bAta hai, jJAna rUpa meM zraddhA ke sAtha hI sAtha samajha lenA yaha dUsarI bAta hai| lekina usa para AcaraNa karanA, use apanI nijI anubhUti banA lenA, aura isa taraha usake sAtha AtmasAta ho jAnA alaga bAta hai| zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa kA samanvaya hI mukti kA mArga hai| jaina dharma ke kendrIyabhUta siddhAnta yahI haiN| sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA kA muhAvarA hai-'binA apane mare svarga nahIM dekhA jAtA hai|' samyaka jJAna ko samyak caritra banAne kA kAma mahAvIra ke lie koI dUsarA kara hI nahIM sakatA thaa| jJAna ko AcaraNa (tapasyA aura sAdhanA) ke mAdhyama se sAdhate-sAdhate jaba 12 varSa bIta gae, taba huA mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna-eka jyoti jisane darzA diyA ki rAgadveSa, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hiMsA, asatya, sveya (corI), kuzIla aura parigraha ke pare usa pratIti aura upalabdhi kA vaha sukha pA gaye haiM, jo manuSya hI nahIM, pazu-pakSI, kIr3e-makor3e, vRkSa-vanaspati, spaMdita parvata, saprANa jala aura agni meM basI AtmA kI anu. bhRti se bhI prApta hotA hai| apanI sI AtmA ina saba meM vyApta hai, ataH saba AtmAeM nijI vikAsa kI carama
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________________ [ 11 kSamatA kI kasauTI para, kAlAntara meM mAnava deha pAkara dharmAcaraNa ke dvArA mokSa pAne kI sAmarthya se maMDita haiM-yaha jJAna aura anubhava hI 'ahiMsA' ke akhaMDa, niSkaMpa AcaraNa meM udbhAsita hotA hai| yaha ahiMsA vividha rUpoM meM abhivyakti pAtI hai-.kSamA jo svayaM ko zAMti detI hai aura dUsare ko nirmala banAtI hai| lobha aura parigraha kA tyAga ki dUsaroM ko jIvana-sAdhana adhika-adhika mAtrA meM prApta ho aura vaha nizcita bneN| dUsare ke adhikAroM kA saMrakSaNa aura apanI lAlasA para vijaya ki dveSa kI bhAvanA jAgRta na ho| jo nyAya se apanA nahIM hai, use zakti se yA cAlAkI se prApta karane ke prapaMca meM hama na phaMse / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kI saphalatA vyakti ke jIvana meM usakI vyApti se mAnI, kyoMki vyakti hI samAja banAtA hai aura samAja kI ikAiyA~ rASTra, tathA rASTroM kA samUha vizva kI saMjJA pAtA hai| satya, aucArya, indriya-saMyama aura aparigraha se yukta ahiMsA balavAna kI ahiMsA hai| yaha mAnasika saMtulana aura utkarSa vikaTa puruSArtha se prApta hotA hai-yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zramaNa dharma meM zrama kI pradhAnatA hai, apramAda para bala hai, aura satata saMyama kI sAdhanA ko muktidAyinI mAnA gayA hai| janma-janmAntaroM ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI zrRMkhalA kI kar3I dekhanI ho, to svayaM mahAvIra kI jIvana gAthA pramANa hai| mahAvIra kA vaha saMkhyAtIta, kalpanAtIta bhava jaba vaha prathama tIrthakara AdinAtha ke pautra the, bharata ke putra / nAma thA marIci / pitAmaha ne munidIkSA bhI to saikar3oM rAjapuruSa Ara nAgarika dIkSita ho gaye the / usane bar3e utsAha se, sacce mana se dIkSA lI thI, lekina jaina sAdhu kI jIvanacaryA ke jo niyama RSabha deva ne banAye the, ve bahata kaThora the| tana para vastra nahIM, haphtoM bhojana nahIM, rahane ko khalA AkAza, ghora garmIsardI aura ghanaghora varSA meM kaI-kaI dina taka eka Asana se khar3e rahakara tapasyA karane kA abhyAsa, nIMda para apalaka niyantraNa, nirantara dhyAna aura dhyAna....."isa parIkSA maiM sabhI khare na utare / marIci bhI ghabarA gyaa| usane digambara sAdha kA veza aura itanI kaThora tapasyA kI paddhati chor3a dii| usane apanA manamAnA sAdhu rUpa banA liyaa| gerue vastra, chure se muDAyA sira, tridaMDa hAtha meM, khAne pIne kA koI baMdhana nahIM, dhyAna kA bhI alaga ddhNg| itanA hI nahIM, marIci apane bAbA bhagavAna AdinAtha ke samavasaraNa, unakI dharma sabhA, ke dvAra para jA baiThatA aura dikhAtA ki usane RSabhadeva kA ahaMta dharma chor3akara apanA eka parivrAjaka paMtha calAyA hai / RSabhadeva kI dharmasabhA meM eka dina unake putra bharata cakravartI ne prazna kiyA, "bhagavAna ! ApakI dharmasabhA meM, yA ayodhyA meM kyA koI aisA prANI hai, jo bhaviSya ke kisI janma meM tIrthaMkara banegA?" RSabhadeva ne kahA, "bharata tumhArA eka agale bhava meM caubIsavAM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bnegaa|" bharata Azcaryacakita raha gye| unhoMne pUchA, "kintu bhagavAna vaha to Apa dvArA calAye gaye ahaMta dharma kA virodhI hai, AcaraNa se gira gayA hai|" RSabhadeva ne zAnta bhAva se kahA, "bharata, manuSya ke puruSArtha kI yahI to vizeSatA hai ki apanA bhaviSya banAnA usake apane hAtha meM hai / manuSya ke pariNAma aura bhAvanAeM badalatI rahatI haiM / marIci kA jIva Aja kyA kara rahA hai, isa para mata jaao| vaha puNyAtmA hai, vaha baDA sarala hai, mAyAvI nahIM, isaliye vaha tIrthaMkara bane to isameM Azcarya kya aura saca thA bhagavAna kA vacana ki una ke yuga kA marIci janma-janmAntaroM ke sAgara ko pAra karatA huA anta meM mahAvIra nAma kA caubIsavAM tIrthaMkara banA / itane saba virodhoM aura virodhAbhAsoM ke bIca eka sahaja-buddhigamya sAmaMjasya aura tAratamya baiThAne kA prayatna mahAvIra ne kiyaa| isa prayatna kI upalabdhi thI anekAMta /
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________________ 12] kha - 3 , jaba kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA, unakI sAdhanA sArthaka aura saphala huI, to bhagavAna mahAvIra janapadoM kI ora lauTe aura apanA dharmopadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| bhagavAna kI dharma sabhA ko 'samavasaraNa' kahate haiM - vaha sthAna jahA~ sabhI prANI (purANoM kI bhASA meM jahA~ deva, manuSya pazu-pakSI sabhI) sama bhAva se samatAbhAva se ikaTThe hokara, zreNIbaddha baiThate haiM, upadeza sunate haiN| sabhI prakAra ke manuSya, vividha bhASAeM bolane vAle aura yahA~ taka ki pazu-pakSI bhI baiTheMge to kisa bhASA meM mahAvIra boleM ki saba samajheM ? eka kalpanA hai ki bhagavAna jisa bhASA meM bolate the, vaha nirakSarI bhASA thI, vaha eka nAda thA, oMkAranAda jaisA, jo hRdayoM meM gUMjatA thA aura pratyeka prANI usakI anubhUti se zAMti, sukha aura samatAbhAva prApta karatA thA / mahAvIra ne janabhASA meM upadeza diyo / vaha magadhavAsiyoM kI mAgadhI hI nahIM thI, ardhamAgadhI thI, arthAt vaha mizrita bhASA (aneka prAntoM kA sammilita rUpa ) jo magadha ke Asa pAsa ke janapadoM ko piro letI thI aura isaliye sImA pAra ke loga bhI samajha lete the / vaidika saMskRta aura ziSTa saMskRta ko tyAga kara janapadIya bhASA meM upadeza dene kA artha hI thA ki dharma kA rahasya jana-jana taka unakI bhASA meM pahuMce, unake liye bodhagamya ho na yantra, na tantra na mantra yaza mAnava dharma ke sahaja siddhAMta sahaja bhASA meM kathA hai ki bhagavAna kA samavasaraNa devoM ne racA, kintu upadeza prArambha nahIM huaa| isaliye ki unakI vANI kI avadhAraNA karane vAlA, usa vANI ko sArthaka rUpa se bhagavAna ke uparAnta jana-jana taka pahu~cAne vAlI samartha aura upayukta jJAnI gaNadhara sAmane nahIM AyA thaa| anta meM indrabhUti gautama Aye jo brAhmaNa vidvAna the, jinakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyA thA aura jo yajJa kI paripATI se prasanna hone vAlI paramAtmA paddhati se ubara kara Atma-sAdhanA kI paddhati se abhibhUta hue the / bhagavAna svayaM kSatriya, unake gaNadhara brAhmaNa, unake upAsakoM meM ahiMsaka paddhati se AjIvikA upArjita karane vAle vaizya, aura unakI vANI tathA unakI kalyANakArI, paropakArI jIvana paddhiti se prabhAvita zUdra, saba unakI dharma-zrRMkhalA kI kar3I bana gaye / / vyavahAra-pakSa kI dRSTi se mahAvIra ke dharma kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki cintana ke kSetra meM vyakti ko apanA mArga Apa khojane kI bharapUra prazna pUchane aura tarka-vitarka karane kI svatantratA dI gii| buddha ne sattA ke atyanta gahana praznoM meM ulajhane se gRhasthoM ko rokA thA vaha unakI dRSTi se sArthaka bhI thA; kintu jainadharma ke anuyAyI zrAvakoM ne to jIvana aura jagata ke praznoM ko hara stara para samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai, unheM protsAhita kiyA gayA hai / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jahA~ indriyAtIta jJAna kI upalabdhi kA prazna hai, vahA~ 'yukti' kI mAnyatA ke sAtha 'anubhUti' ko hI pramANa mAnA hai| yukti aura anubhUti kI vaijJAnika dRSTi ne jaina darzana ko samRddha kiyA /
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________________ bhava-bhava kI sAdhanA -DA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvAtmA ne kevalI tIrthakara kA pada sahaja hI nahIM pA liyA thaa| eka samaya thA jaba unakA jIva eka zikArI bhIla thA-pUrNa hiMsaka aura asaMskRta ! kintu usI janma meM unhoMne ahiMsA kA bIja apane antara meM bo liyA / bhIla gayA thA zikAra karane pazuoM kA, kintu zikAra ho gayA usake antara ke pazu kA / jaina muni se usane jIva dayA pAlane kA vrata liyA ki vaha kisI ko mAregA nahIM aura nirAmiSa bhojana kregaa| ahiMsA kA yaha biravA usa jIva ke hRdaya meM panapA, parantu eka janma meM usapara phira hiMsA kA tuSAra par3a gayA, anAdi kAla kA kusaMskAra camaka gayA / taba vaha eka bhayaMkara zera thaa| zikAra karanA usakA kAma thaa| kintu satya miTatA nahIM, ahiMsA ke biravA kI jar3a phira harI ho gii| zera ko muni ke darzana hue aura vaha ahiMsaka bana gayA / Aja jaise amerikA meM TAyaka nAma kI siMhanI jIvadayApAlaka zAkAhArI banI thI, vaise hI vaha zera bhI pUrNa ahiMsaka banA thaa| Adi tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabha athavA vRSabha se bhI bahuta pahale bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIva ne ahiMsA dharma kI sAdhanA prArambha kI thii| Adi bhagavAna kA to vaha potA huA thaa| uparAnta utthAna-patana kI bhUla-bhulaiyA meM bhaTaka kara zera hA jahAM se phira usane Atmonnati kA prayAsa prArambha kiyaa| acche karma kA phala bhI acchA hotA hai| Ama bone para Ama hI milatA hai| ahiMsA kA vrata pAlA to usakA puNya-puSpa cakravartI jasI vibhUti meM phalita huaa| kintu mahAvIra ke jIva ko to Age bar3hanA thaa| usake hRdaya meM Atmabodha kA phala khila cukA thA, jisase samyaktva kI sugaMdhi A rahI thii| nissaMga kA bhAva ArjavatA meM camaka rahA thaa| vaha rAjabhoga meM nahIM phaMse / unakI sampatti loka kalyANa ke lie thI aura unakA samaya aura zakti ahiMsA ke vikAsa meM lagI thii| rAgadveSa se nilipta rahane kI jAgarUkatA ne samatA aura samAnatA ko bhAva jagA rakhA thaa| maitrI aura karuNA unake Age nAcatI thii| yaha priya mitra cakravartI to hue parantu sArthaka nAma, chaha khaNDa bhUmi para ahiMsA kA sAmrAjya panape isalie hI vaha dharma vijaya kI yAtrA para nikale / nispRhI tejaputra ahiMsaka vIra ke Age sabhI natamastaka hokara ahiMsA saMskRti ke upAsaka bana jaate| priyamitra sarvatra maitrI aura kAruNya kI puNyadhArA bahAkara lauTe to unheM rAjatva kA aizvayaM kATane lgaa| zAsana bhAra se mukta hokara vaha sAdhu ho ge| karmazUra to the hI aba dharma-zura bhI bana ge| kevalI bhagavAna ke pAdamUla meM baiThakara unake jIva ne tIrthaMkara banane kI kalA ko pahacAnA / usa kalA ke vikAsa meM mUla preraka solaha prakAra ke kAraNoM ko apane roma-roma me aisA camakAyA ki unako tIrthaMkara hote dera na lgii| svarga ke bhoga vilAsa meM bhI vaha AtmarasI hI rhe| AtmA svastha, to zarIra bhI svastha / svarNa ke saMsarga se pASANa camakatA hI hai| Akhira usa bhIla ke jIvane apane antara ko aisA mAMjhA ki rAgadveSaparaka hiMsA kI gaMdha bhI usameM na rhii| sahaja Arjava ke bhAva ne bhIla ke jIva ko lokapUjya banA diyaa|
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________________ yadi mahAvIra tIrthaMkara nahIM hote MILLY PILLLL -AcArya zrI tulasI maiM kaI bAra socatA hai ki yadi mahAvIra tIrthaMkara nahIM hote to unake anuyAyI unheM atIta se kasakara rakhate, Age nahIM bar3hane dete| tIrthakara zAstra-nirapekSa hote haiM, isalie ve dezakAla ke aucitya ke anusAra kArya karane ko svatantra hote haiN| mahAvIra jisa yuga meM hue vaha ghora jAtivAda kA yuga thaa| brAhmaNa ucca mAne jAte the aura zUdra nIca / cANDAla sarvathA achUta mAne jAte the / mahAvIra ne una cANDAloM ko bhI apane saMgha meM pravajita hone kI chUTa dI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra jAtivAda ke ghora virodhI the| Atmaupamya ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA karane vAlA ahiMsAvAdI jAtivAda kA samarthaka ho nahIM sakatA / mahAvIra ke zAsana meM na jAne kitane zUdra aura cANDAla dIkSita hue hoNge| mahAvIra yadi tIrthakara nahIM hote to unake anuyAyI unheM aisA karane se avazya rokate / arjuna mAlAkAra sudarzana seTha ke sAtha mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM A gyaa| mahAvIra ne use apane dharmasaMgha kI zaraNa meM le liyaa| aise krUrakarmA vyakti ko sahasA apane sAdhusaMgha meM sammilita kara lenA akita ghaTanA thii| yadi mahAvIra AcArya hote to aisA karane se avazya jhijhakate kintu ve tIrthaMkara the, isalie unheM vaisA karane meM koI saMkoca nahIM huaa| mahAvIra sacamuca mahAvIra the| tIrthakara hone ke pazcAta ve pUrNa abhaya the / unakI bhayavimukhatA ne hI unheM mahAvIra banAyA thaa| yadi ve bhayasaMkula hote to mahAvIra nahIM bana paate| abhaya kA bIja anAsakti yA aparigraha hai| yadi mahAvIra ke mana meM ziSyoM aura anuyAyiyoM kA lobha hotA to ve abhaya nahIM ho paate| yadi mahAvIra ke mana meM sAmAjika pratiSThA aura prazaMsA kI Asakti hotI to ve abhaya nahIM ho pAte / anagina bAra devatAoM ne unake sAmane nATaka kiyA, para unakA anta:karaNa kabhI una nATakoM se AkRSTa nahIM huaa| unake sAmane nATaka hote haiM, use loga kyA samajheMge, isa AzaMkA se ve kabhI vicalita nahIM hue| unake vyaktitva aura kartRtva kI anagina ghaTanAeM haiN| maiMne kevala isa ora aMguli-nirdeza kiyA hai / mahAvIra tIrthakara the, isalie ve vidhi aura niSedha meM svatantra the| yaha svatantratA sahaja hI prApta nahIM hotii| isake lie bahuta khapanA par3atA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra tIrthaMkara manuSya hI hotA hai| vaha koI deva rUpa meM avatAra nahIM hotaa| jisakI sAdhanA ucca kakSA meM pahuMca jAtI hai, tIrthakara ho jAtA hai|
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________________ cintana ke jharokhe se mahAvIra 25000 parasparopagraho jIvAnAma yuga nirmAtA kA nirmala mAnasa sadA hI janamaMgala kI ora gatizIla rahatA hai / vaha ucita paramparA ko grahaNa karane, anucita ko tor3ane aura aneka Avazyaka naI paramparAoM ko janma dene kI vividha zaktiyAM rakhatA hai / lokamaMgala kI divya daSTi evaM sRSTi ke nirmAtAoM ke itihAsa para jyoM hI eka vihaMgama dRSTi DAlate haiM to hama anAyAsa hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga parivartanakArI divya rUpa kA darzana karate haiN| dharma, samAja aura rAjanIti, tInoM hI kSetroM meM, bhagavAna mahAvIra hameM krAnti sAdhanA se saMbalita dRSTigocara hote haiN| IsApUrva chaThI zatI sampUrNa vizva ke liye dhArmika krAnti kAla mAnI jAtI hai| hamArA bhArata to usa samaya atyanta hI vyAkulatA ke daura se gujara rahA thaa| dharma ke kSetra meM vahAM kevala rUr3iyAM mAtra zeSa raha gayIM thiiN| dharma kA tejasvI rUpa rUr3hiyoM ke andhakAra meM vilIna ho cukA thA / ' vedAhametaM puruSaM mahAntamAdityavarNaM tamasaH purastAt' kA jyoti udghoSa karane vAlA rASTra usa samaya svayaM andhakAra meM bhaTaka rahA thA; yajJa-yAgAdi ke rUpa meM mUka pazuoM kA balidAna dekara apane liye vaha devatAoM kI anukampA prApta karane kI viDambanA apanA rahA thA / dharma ke nAma para yatra-tatra utpIr3ana pradhAna kriyAkAMDoM kI jaya jayakAra bulAI jA rahI thii| paMca paMcanakhA bhakSyA: ' kI oTa meM akhAdya vastu bhI usake liye khAdya vastu bana gaI thii| manuSya eka prakAra se mAnavI vRtti se rAkSasI vRtti para utara AyA thA, aura vaha bhI devI vRtti kI pavitratA ke nAma para manuSya kI AMkhoM se dUra ho cukI thii| kahanA to yaha cAhiye ki dharma kA koI aMga aisA nahIM baca rahA thA, jisameM satpathanirdeza kI kSamatA zeSa rahI ho| aise kaThina samaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hama satya dharma kA nirUpaNa karate hue dekha kara nizcaya hI vismaya vibhora ho uThate haiN| arthahIna karmakAMDa ke sthAna meM adhyAtmabhAva kI naI dRSTi pradAna kara ve dharma ko amaMgala bhUmi se maMgalabhUmi meM sthApita kara dete haiN| zubha aura azubha kI satyalakSI yavArtha vyAkhyA kara ve manuSyamAtra kI AMkheM khola dete haiM, isameM tanika bhI saMdeha kI guMjAiza nahIM sabhI prANiyoM meM paramAtmatasva kI bhAvanA apanAkara manuSya vAstava meM manuSya kahalAne kA adhikArI ho gayA / mAnavatA kI divya prabhA se mAnava hRdaya Alokita ho uThA / karuNA aura dayA kI jyoti | - upAdhyAya amara muni sAmAjika kSetra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jo dena hai, vaha to sarvathA krAntikArI dena kahI jaaygii| samatva kI carcA manuSya samAja meM prathama bAra unake dvArA huI, vyavahAra meM samatA kA jIvana manuSyoM ko prathama bAra unake dvArA prApta huA / unhoMne zUdra aura nArI samAja ke liye utthAna kA mArga prazasta kara diyA / cira-patitoM aura kI AzaMkA pavitra vitroM ke liye nahIM raha gaI / nArI ko kevala bhogya yA dAsI banAkara nArakIya jIvana bitAne / kI AjJA dene vAloM ko apanI karatA para pazcAtApa hone lagA Aja alabhya nahIM raha gayA, hama usake pRSThoM meM samAja kA jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva kA itihAsa hRdaya drAvaka rUpa pAte haiM, usake smaraNa mAtrase
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________________ kha-3 upekSitoM ke jIvana meM prathama bAra jAgati AI / yugAntara spaSTa dazita hone lgaa| zUdroM kI chAyA se apavitra hone romAMca ho AtA hai| bAjAra meM khule Ama mAtRjAti kA kraya-vikraya hotA thA, unheM pazuoM kI taraha kharIdane ke liye sar3akoM para boliyAM lagAI jAtI thiiN| itanA hI kyoM, una dAsa-dAsiyoM kI mRtyu svAmI kI mAroM se ho jAtI thI to usakI sunavAI ke liye kahIM sthAna nahIM thaa| kesI viDambanA thI ki unake hAthoM bhikSA grahaNa karane meM bhikSuka bhI apanA apamAna mAnate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prathama bAra isa jaghanya-vRtti ke liye ceta vanI dI, sRjanAtmaka viplavI ghoSaNA kii| itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM candanabAlA kI kaSTa-kathA tatkAlIna manuSya samAja kI dAnavI pravRtti, sAmAjika vikRti, donoM ko hI ujAgara karane vAlI kathA hai| mahAvIra ne use yaMtraNApUrNa jIvana se ubAra kara virATa sAdhvIsaMgha ke pramukhapada kI pIThikA para samAsIna karane kI bhUmikA nibaahii| unake dharma-saMgha meM vaha zreSTha mAnava AcAroM kI pravaktA bno| pavitra zUdra kahalAne vAlA, jIvana bhara dAsa karma karatA huA mRtyu apanAne vAlA, abhizApita varga, samAja meM zraddhA-bhAjana hI nahIM, mukti-lAbhI bhagavatsvarUpa arhanta bhI svIkRta huaa| samAja kI viSamatA dUra karane meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko hama anya sabhI mahApuruSoM se Age pAte haiN| jJAta itihAsa meM unake vaiziSTya kI tulanA sahaja hI kisI dUsare se nahIM kI jA sktii| rahI rAjanIti-kSetra kI bAta, hama dekhate haiM ki rAjanIti ke kSetra meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upalabdhi kisI prakAra kama nahIM kahIM jA sktii| jisa saMkrAntikAla meM unakA janma huA thA, vaha rAjanIti kA sarvathA hrAsakAla thaa| bhArata ne prajAtatra kA navIna prayoga kara jo kIti prApta kI thI, usa prajAtaMtra kA DhAMcAmAtra zeSa raha gayA thaa| prajAtaMtra meM bhI adhinAyakavAda kA ubharatA pracaNDa nAga janatA kA raktapAna karane lagA thaa| prajAtaMtra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI meM jananAyaka jana se haTakara kevala nAyaka ke Asana para AsIna ho cuke the| aura to kyA, rAjA aura rAjA se Upara mahArAjA kA ucca Asana bhI rikta nahIM thA, tatkAlIna prajAtantroM meN| itihAsa mahArAjA ceTaka ko hamAre sAmane sarvAdhikAra prApta mahArAjA ke rUpa meM hI upasthita karatA hai| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma jJAta-gaNataMtra ke vaibhavazAlI eka sAmAnya rAjakula meM huA thaa| hama to kaheMge, prajAtaMtra kI aneka alokataMtrIya khAmiyoM ne, nitya ke hone vAle utpIr3anoM ne, unheM tathAkathita prajAtaMtrI jananAyakoM tathA ekataMtrI niraMkuza rAjAoM ke viruddha bolane ko vivaza kara diyA thaa| yahA~ taka ki unhoMne apane bhikSuoM ko rAjakIya annagrahaNa kA bhI niSedha kara diyA thaa| unhoMne prathama bAra Ane vAle kaThina bhaviSya kI ora una jananAyakoM kA dhyAna hI AkRSTa nahIM karAyA, unheM sahI rUpa meM jana-pratinidhi ke yogya kartavya-pAlana kI cetAvanI bhI dii| mahAvIra ne kahA thA 'koI kaisA hI mahAna kyoM na ho, mahA Arambha aura mahA parigraha naraka ke dvAra haiM / samagrabhAva se prajA ke prati anukampAzIla honA hI rAjA kA sahI artha meM rAjatva hai|' 'aura kucha uccatara nahIM kara sakate ho to Aryakarma to kro|' rAjanIti ke kSetra meM yaha kitanA mahAna udbodhana thaa| kauna kaha sakatA haiM ki vaizAlIjanatantra kA vighaTana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ukta sAmyadharma ko yathArUpa grahaNa karane ke abhAva meM nahIM huA? yadi vaizAlI ke jananAyaka apane ko sAmya bhUmi para utAra pAte, bikhare janagaNa ko samadharmI rUpa meM apanAne kA sAhasa karate to vaizAlI kA janazAsana kabhI vighaTita nahIM hotaa| magadha kI rAjazakti vaizAlI ko cirakAla meM bhI dhvasta nahIM kara paatii| itihAsa kA vAtAyana eka-eka anveSI hRdaya ke liye khulA huA hai-hama jitanI bAra cAheM, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para dRSTipAta kara sakate haiN| hameM unake jIvana evaM sandezoM se kisI bhI samasyA kA samucita samAdhAna Aja bhI prApta ho sakatA haiN| jAtI hai jisa ora dRSTi, basa usI ora AkarSaNa, karatA aga jaga ko anuprANita jaga-nAyaka kA jIvana /
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________________ mahAvIra, kitane jJAta kitane ajJAta -zrI jamanA lAla jaina bhagavAna mahAvIra ke viSaya meM kucha bhI likhanA bar3A muzkila hai| vaha atyanta adabhuta vyaktitva thaa| use vyaktitva kahanA hI alpatA hai| ve vyaktitva se Upara uTha gaye the| pakar3a meM Ane jaisA unakA vyaktitva thA hI nhiiN| unheM kahA~ se pakar3A jAya, kahA~ se grahaNa kiyA jAya, yaha taya karanA una logoM ke liye bhI kaThina thA jo unake samaya meM bhI jIvita the, unake Asa pAsa upasthita the, aura jo samagra rUpa se unakI vANI ko jhelane meM tatpara the / barasoM taka mahAvIra kA padAnusaraNa karane ke uparAnta bhI loga bhaTaka gaye / buddha jaise jJAnI aura zreNika jaise nRpati bhI usa gahare aura atyanta vyaktitva kI thAha na pA sake jise mahAvIra jI rahe the aura phailA rahe the| mahAvIra kA AnA hamAre liye hajAroM-hajAra varSoM ke liye eka ghaTanA ho gaI hai| hama isa ghaTanA para garva karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki vaha na 'bhUto na bhaviSyati' hai; lekina mahAvIra ke liye yaha ghaTanA agaNya thI, na kucha thii| ve ghaTanAoM kI zrRMkhalA se uttIrNa ho cuke the / saMsAra meM lipta A~kheM ghaTanAoM kI kImata para vyaktitva kI mahattA kA mUlyAMkana karatI haiM, tulA para vyaktitva ko tolatI haiN| hama ghaTanAoM dvArA vyaktitva ko AMkane ke abhyasta ho gaye haiN| mahAvIra ne apane ko ghaTita hone se inkAra kara diyA, zarIra ke sAtha, zarIra sambandhoM ke sAtha; saMpAra ke bIca jo kucha hotA hai, vaha saba bharamAne vAlA hai| zarIra agara rAkha hone vAlA hai to usase saMspazita samasta ghaTanAeM bhI rAkha hone vAlI haiN| isakA koI zAzvata mUlya nahIM hai / agara mahAvIra ke jIvana meM ghaTanAe' nahIM milatI haiM to hama parezAna hote haiM, citita hote haiM, becaina hote haiM, aura apane ko dIna-daridra samajhate haiN| sacamuca avyakta cetanA meM aura UrjA meM jIne vAle, Anandaloka meM, prakAza meM vicaraNa karane vAle ko samajhanA aura apane jIvana meM utAranA atyanta kaThina hai| mahAvIra yoM sabako sulabha the, sabake samakSa samupasthita, aura Aja bhI ve pratikSaNa prakAzamAna haiM, lekina hamArI bAhya A~kheM, bAhara bhaTakane vAlI indriyA~ unako dekha nahIM pA rahI haiM, kyoMki hama bAhyatA para lubdha hai, vimohita haiN| hamArI niSThA kI paridhi vastugata, padArthagata aura ghaTanAgata hai / vyApaka-virATa avyakta darzana kA abhyAsa hamArI indriyoM ko rahA hI nhiiN| hama ghaTanAoM ke dvArA paramatA ko, Atmatva ko upalabdha karane ke AkAMkSI haiM, jabaki mahAvIra Atmatatva ko upalabdha hokara ghaTanAoM ko taTastha bhAva se dekhate haiM aura unameM praviSTa ho jAte haiM / hama karma aura kriyA dvArA ahiMsaka banane kI prakriyA apanAte haiM aura hisAba lagAte haiM ki itanA kucha ghaTita ho jAne para mukti upalabdha hogI,
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________________ 18] parantu mahAvIra vilakSaNa haiN| ve ahiMsaka pahale se haiM aura usI ke Aloka meM saMsRpti kI ghaTanAoM ke sAkSI banate haiM / ahiMsA unakI AtmA thI, hamAre lie vaha sAdhya hai / hama ghaTanA ke dvArA, kriyA ke dvArA, vrata ke dvArA, caryA ke dvArA ahiMsA kI sAdhanA meM saMlagna haiN| yaha prakriyA apane meM dvaitaparaka hai, hiMsaka hai, yaha bAta mahAvIra hI jAna sakate the, kyoMki unakI cetanatA advaita ko, ekarUpatA kI samagratA ko, upalabdha ho gaI thii| hama niSedha kI, asvIkAra kI, chor3ane kI, palAyana kI bhASA meM aura caryA meM socate haiN| hama itane bAhya aura gaNitapriya haiM ki AMkaDoM se aura vastugata paridhi se pare dekha nahIM pAte haiN| mahAvIra niSedha kI. kI, grahaNa kI prakriyA meM vicarate the| unake lie grahaNa meM bhI tyAga thA aura tyAga meM bhI grhnn| unake liye tyAga aura grahaNa meM koI antara nahIM raha gayA thaa| mahAvIra ne jo kucha chor3A, vaha chor3A nahIM thA, vaha ApoApa chUTa gayA thA, kyoMki unheM utkRSTa yA virATa upalabdha ho gayA thaa| nikRSTa ko chUTanA hI thaa| nasainI kA jaba UparI DaNDA hAtha A jAtA hai to nIce kA DaNDA apane Apa chUTa jAtA hai| use chor3ane kA prayAsa nahIM karanA par3atA hai| jaba bar3hiyA vastu hAtha lagatI hai to ghaTiyA apane Apa chUTa jAtI haiN| mahAvIra ne kyA-kyA chor3A thA, yaha zAyada ve svayaM na batA ske| para hama batA sakate haiM, ki hamane kyA-kyA chor3A, kyoMki hama chor3akara prApta karane kI AzA yA abhIpsA meM tana ko galAte haiN| mahAvIra itane Anandopalabdha the, jJAna cetanA se bhare the, ki bAhara kA apane Apa chuTa gyaa| satya aura mithyA ko jAMcane kI kasauTI bAhyatA kabhI nahIM hai| bAhara se hiMsaka dIkhane vAlI ghaTanA meM bhI parama ahiMsA ho sakatI hai aura ahiMsaka dIkhane vAlI ghaTanA bhI ghora hiMsAmaya ho sakatI hai| isalie mahAvIra ghaTanA se adhika usakI AMtarika bhUmikA ko, usake rahasya ko, mahatva dete the| isI artha meM ve jJAtA-dRSTA the aura isI ke liye anekAnta kI kasauTI unhoMne prastuta kii| kitAbI kAnuna yA saMhitA aise logoM ke liye bemAnI hotI hai / mahAvIra jaise dRSTA-jJAtA hI jAna sakate haiM ki bAhyataH dIkhane vAlI ahiMsA ke bhItara kitanA Agraha, kitanA ahaMkAra aura darpa hai| mahAvIra sahaja nagna the, sahaja vihArI the, vItarAgI the, lekina unakI chavi ko bhI hamArI A~kheM binA rAgadveSa ke nahIM nihAra sakatIM / unakI sarvAMgasundara sahaja mUrti meM bhI hama 'azlIlatA' ko DhAkane kA bAla-prayAsa karate haiN| apanI bhogAkAMkSA kAyAsakti kI tRpti bhI hama pratikAra ke dvArA karanA cAhate haiN| jo grantha aura granthiyoM se sarvathA mukta the, unako hama granthoM meM khojanA cAhate haiM aura granyoM meM Abaddha karanA cAhate haiM, kyoMki hama svayaM pramANa banane ke badale grantha prAmANya meM vizvAsa karate haiN| jinheM svayaM kA vizvAsa nahIM hotA, jinheM apane patha kA jJAna nahIM hotA, ve hI grantha aura pantha meM ulajhate haiM / granyoM se hama apanI caryA taya karate haiN| grantha ke mare hue satya ko hama apanA jIvana dharma banA lete haiN| mahAvIra ke pIche granthoM kA Dhera lagA kara hama mahAvIra ke vyaktitva ko vismRta kara gaye haiN| unakA jIvanta, tejasvI vyaktitva granthoM meM chipa gayA hai| aba hama unakI deha ke sAtha apane ko ekarUpa karane ke prayAsa meM saMlagna haiM / pariNAmataH rAjanIti aura artha nIti hama para hAvI hai / yaha mahAvIra hI jAnate the ki granthoM kA satya sajIva nahIM hotA, kyoMki satya nirantara nayA hotA hai aura vaha sarvathA vartamAna meM hI rahatA hai-atIta to smRti mAtra hotA hai|
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________________ ahiMsA ke mUrtasvarUpa -zrI rAmanArAyaNa upAdhyAya mahAvIra svAmI kA sampUrNa jIvana ahiMsA kI eka satata sAdhanA thii| yadi Apa ahiMsA ko mUrta svarUpa meM dekhanA cAheM, to mahAvIra svAmI kA smaraNa kiijiye| mahAvIra ajAtazatra the| jo unakA vicAra mAnate the, jo nyAyI the aura jo anyAyI the, ve unako sabako samAna rUpa se pyAra karane vAle mahAmAnava the| unakI A~khoM meM aisI karuNA thI ki eka bAra jaba ve jaMgaloM meM se jA rahe the, eka mahAbhayaMkara viSadhara unheM kATane daudd'aa| mahAvIra svAmI ne usakI A~khoM meM A~kha DAlakara kahA-'caNDa kauzika soca tU yaha kyA kara rahA hai ?' aura vaha mahAbhayaMkara viSadhara lauTa gayA thaa| mahAvIra svAmI vastra nahIM pahanate the / kyA unhoMne apane vastroM ko utArakara tyAgane kA abhinaya kiyA thA? ve to itane videha the, itane vItarAga the ki apane sAdhanA-kAla meM jaba jaMgaloM meM bhaTaka rahe the, to vRkSoM se ulajha kara unake vastra phaTate cale gaye aura jaba ve phaTa hI gaye to unheM punaH pahanane kI sudha kise thI? jaise sAMpa apanI keMcala ko sahaja bhAva se chor3a detA hai, vaise hI vastra unase sahaja bhAva se chUTa gaye the| unake jaise tapasyA aura jJAna kI sAdhanA karane vAle virale hI mileNge| aTThAisa varSa kI avasthA meM jaba unake mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta huA, to unheM lagA ki "yaha zarIra to pAnI ke bulabule kI taraha kSaNabhaMgura hai| ataeva isake prati Asakti chor3ane meM tanika bhI Alasya nahIM karanA caahie|" tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne gaha tyAga kI ghoSaNA kara dI / apanI samasta sampatti dIna-dukhiyoM meM vitarita karake, gurujanoM kA AzIrvAda lekara eka pAlakI meM baiThakara vana ko ora cala diye| vahA~ pahu~cakara mahAvIra pAlakI se utare aura unhoMne kahA, "Apa logoM ke sneha ne mere hRdaya ko jIta liyA hai| maiM kisI svarga kI kAmanA se, sneha kI kamI se, krodha kI adhikatA se, yA kartavyoM kI upekSA se gahatyAga nahIM kara rahA hai| asala meM Atmavijaya hI merA lakSya hai| maiM apane zarIra rUpI naukA ke sahAre hI bhava. sAgara ko pAra karanA cAhatA huuN|" aisA kahakara unhoMne apane samasta AbhUSaNa utAra DAle aura apanI sahasazakti kI parIkSA lete hue apane sundara dhuMdharAle bAloM ko pAMca muTTiyoM meM kasakara ukhAr3a ddaalaa| phira samasta siddhoM ko praNAma karate hue unhoMne kahA-"maiM Aja se jIvana paryanta samatAvRtti se rahane kA vrata letA hai", aisA kahakara ve dhyAnastha ho gye|
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________________ 20 ] usake bAda unheM lagA ki prazna kevala Atmavijaya kA hI nahIM hai, mujhe una kAraNoM kA bhI patA lagAnA hai, jo saMsAra meM saMgharSa ke liye uttaradAyI haiM aura jinakI vajaha se Atma-unnati kA mArga avaruddha hai| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki isake lie dhyAna, cintana, manana, anubhUti aura tapasyA kA mArma apanAnA hogaa| ve uThakara parIkSaNa ke lie cala diye| unake vyaktitva ko dekhakara aisA lagatA thA, mAnoM sAkSAt sUrya pRthvI para cala rahA hai| ve pUre sAr3he bAraha varSa taka parivrAjaka kI taraha ghUmate rhe| isI bIca unhoMne kevala 349 dina anna-jala grahaNa kiyaa| kara-tala bhikSA, tarutala vAsa' kI vRtti ko apanAte hue unhoMne samasta deza kI parikramA kii| isa bIca unheM kyA-kyA nahIM sahanA par3A? unake avadhUta kI taraha nagna zarIra aura malina deha ko dekhakara logo ne unheM gAliyA~ dI, patthara mAre, dhyAnAvasthA meM unako nocA aura unake kAnoM meM lakar3I taka ThoMka dii| sarakArI karmacAriyoM ne bhI unheM pakar3akara taraha-taraha kI yAtanAe~ diiN| lekina ve sabako samAna rUpa se pyAra karate hue apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rhe| pUre sAr3he bAraha varSoM ke bAda unheM rijuvAlikA nadI ke taTa para zAlmali vRkSa ke nIce jJAna kI prApti hii| unheM lagA ki unakA svapna vizAla dRSTi banakara Alokita ho uThA hai| ananta jJAna unake antaHkaraNa meM hilore le rahA hai| ananta vIrya unake durbala zarIra meM samA gayA hai aura asIma sUkha kI anabhUti se unakI AtmA abhibhUta ho uThI hai| aba ve zramaNa mahAvIra na hokara "tIrthakara mahAvIra" the, sAdhaka na hokara, sarvajJa the| Wan mahApuruSa mahAvIra Wan -DA0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana mAnava-jAti ke una mahApuruSoM meM se jinhoMne apanA dhyAna bAhya prakRti se haTAkara manuSya kI AtmA ke adhyayana para kendrita kiyA, eka haiM mhaaviir| unheM 'jina' arthAta vijetA kahA gayA hai| unhoMne rAjya aura sAmrAjya nahIM jIte, apitu AtmA ko jItA, so unheM mahAvIra kahA gayA hai| sAMsArika yuddhoM kA nahIM, apitu / saMgrAmoM kA mahAvIra / tapa, saMyama, Atmazuddhi aura viveka kI anavarata prakriyA se unhoMne apanA utthAna karake divyapuruSa kA pada prApta kara liyaa| unakA udAharaNa hameM bhI Atmavijaya ke usa Adarza kA anusaraNa karane kI preraNA detA hai| jo saMyama dvArA, niSkalaMka jIvana dvArA isa sthiti ko prApta kara le, vaha parameSThI hai| jo pUrNa mukti prApta kara le vaha ahaMt hai / vaha punarjanma kI saMbhAvanA se, kAla ke prabhAva se pUrNatayA mukta hai| mahAvIra ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa aise vyakti kA udAharaNa hai jo sAMsArika vastuoM ko tyAga detA hai, jo bhautika bandhanoM meM nahIM phaMsatA, apitu jo mAnava-AtmA kI AMtarika mahimA ko adhigata kara letA hai| saMyama kI AvazyakatA, ahiMsA aura dUsare ke dRSTikoNa evaM vicAra ke prati sahiSNatA aura samajha kA bhAva, ye una zikSAoM meM se kucha haiM, jo mahAvIra ke jIvana se hama le sakate haiN| yadi ina cIjoM ko hama smaraNa rakkheM aura hRdaya meM dhAraNa kareM to hama mahAvIra ke prati apane mahAna RNa kA choTA-sA aMza cukA rahe hoNge|
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________________ mahAvIra kI niSpakSatA kA eka prasaMga paramparopapahI jIvAnAma -zrI agaracaMda nAhaTA, bIkAnera bhagavAna mahAvIra bhArata kI hI nahIM, vizva kI eka mahAna vibhUti the| unake jaisI kaThora aura mahAna sAdhanA karane vAlA vizva meM aura koI dUsarA vyakti itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM khojane para bhI nahIM milegaa| unake sAr3he bAraha varSoM kI sAdhanA kA sabase prAcIna vivaraNa jo AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zruta-skandha ke navameM adhyayana meM pAyA jAtA hai, usako par3hakara romAMca ho jAtA hai, sAdhanA kI caramotkarSatA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| dhyAna meM unakI tA bar3I adbhuta thii| ve mahAna tapasvI the / jahA~ taka pUrNa jJAna kI siddhi prApta nahIM kI, vahA~ taka ve prAyaH mauna hI rahe, vItarAgatA jaba pUrNa rUpa se prApta ho gayI tabhI unhoMne upadeza denA prArambha kiyA thaa| unake prathama upadeza meM indrabhUti gautama Adi gyAraha gaNadhara pratibaddha huye| sAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa cavidha saMgha kI sthApanA hii| tIsa varSoM taka unhoMne nirantara dharmopadeza dekara lAkhoM vyaktiyoM mAga meM agrasara kiyaa| unake pramukha zrAvakoM meM Ananda gAthApati bahuta hI ullekhanIya hai, jisane unase bA rUpa zrAvaka dharma svIkAra karake aura anta meM gyAraha-zrAvaka pratimAoM kA vahana karake avadhi jJAna nAmaka eka viziSTa jJAna kI upalabdhi kI / anta meM usane samAdhi maraNa ke liye saMlekhanA svIkAra kii| saMyogavaza usI samaya vahA~ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI padhAre, unake darzana aura upadezoM se aneka loga prabhAvita hae / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama aura pradhAna ziSya gaNadhara gautama bhI apane do upavAsoM ke pAraNA ke liye tIsare pahara meM gocarI ke liye nikale aura vANijyagrAma meM ucca, nIca aura madhyama kuloM meM bhikSA grahaNa kii| usake bAda jaba ve kullAka sanniveza ke nikaTa pahaMce taba bahuta se logoM ko zramaNopAsaka Ananda ne poSadhazAlA meM maraNAntika saMlekhanA kI hai, isa viSaya meM vArtAlApa karate sunaa| taba gautama svAmI ko vicAra huA ki maiM bhI Ananda zrAvaka ko dekha aauuN| vaha Annada zrAvaka kI pauSadhazAlA mai pahuMce to Ananda unheM dekhakara bahuta hI prasanna haA aura vandanA namaskAra karake bolA ki udAra tapa Adi se aba mere zarIra meM itanI zaktiM nahI rahI hai ki maiM Apa ke pAsa meM Akara caraNoM para mastaka rakhate hue vandanA kara skeN| yaha jAnakara gautama svAmI jahA~ Ananda saMstAraka kI zaiyA meM sthita thA vahA~ pahuMce to Ananda zrAvaka ne unaka pairo meM tIna bAra mastaka jhukA ke namaskAra kiyaa| tadanantara gautama svAmI ko usane pUchA ki bhagavan ? kyA gRhastha ko avadhi zramaNa viziSTa jJAna prApta ho sakatA hai ?
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________________ 22 ] kha - 3 isake uttara meM gautama svAmI ne kahA ki hA~ ho sakatA hai| yaha sunakara Ananda ne unase kahA ki bhagavAna ApakI kRpA se maiM cAroM dizAoM aura Upara nIce ke amuka kSetra taka jAnatA aura dekhatA huuN| yaha sunakara gautama svAmI ne anupayoga se aisA kaha diyA ki hai Ananda ! tuma jisane ucca stara ke jJAna kI kaha rahe ho vaha gRhasthoM ke lie saMbhava nahIM, isalie isa kathana kI AlocanA aura daNDa grahaNa karo, kyoMki tumane atizayoktipUrNa bAta kahI hai / yaha sunakara Ananda bolA ki bhagavan satya, yathArtha aura sadbhUta bhAva kI AlocanA karanA, yAvat daNDa grahaNa karanA, kyA jinadharma meM mAnya hai ?' gautama svAmI ne kahA ki aisA to nahIM hai| taba dRr3hatA ke sAtha Ananda bolA to phira bhagavAn Apane jo merI bAta ko atizayoktipUrNa batalAI hai, usake lie Apa hI AlocanA aura daNDa leM, kyoMki maiM to apane avadhijJAna se jitane kSetra taka jAnatA aura dekhatA hU, utanI pUrI vahI satya bAta Apase kahI hai, usameM tanika bhI atizayokti nahIM hai / jaba gautama svAmI ne Ananda kA dRr3hatApUrvaka aisA kahanA sunA to unake mana meM vicAra ho AyA ki kyA maiMne hI anucita bAta (anupayoga se) kaha dI hai| isakA nizcaya karane ke lie ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pahuMce aura unheM vandanA namaskAra karake bole ki bhagavan maiM bhikSA grahaNa karake zramaNopAsaka Ananda ke pAsa pahu~cA, usane apane abhijJAna kI bAta kahI, taba maiMne itane ucca stara kA avavijJAna gRhastha ko nahIM hotA, kaha diyA kyA isa kathana ke lie maiM AlocanA aura daNDa kA bhAgI hU~ ? yA mAnanda zrAvaka hai ? 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vItarAgatA aura niSpakSatA kA yahA~ pUrNa paricaya mila jAtA hai jabaki unhoMne apane pradhAna ziSya gautama kA tanika bhI pakSapAta na karate hue yaha spaSTa rUpa se kaha diyA ki 'he gautama! isa viSaya meM to tumheM hI AlocanA aura daNDa grahaNa karanA cAhie, Ananda dhAvaka ne to jaisA aura jitanA dekhA jAnA utanA satya vacana kahA hai| isalie tumane jo galatI kI usake lie Ananda zrAvaka se tumheM kSamA mAMganI caahie|' bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama jaise apane pradhAna ziSya kI galatI ko batalA kara apanI niSpakSatA kA jo paricaya diyA hai vaha bahuta hI ullekhanIya mahatvapUrNa aura anukaraNIya hai| pUrNa vItarAgatA ke binA aisA kahanA sambhava nahIM hai| unhoMne kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana meM sAre vizva kI kAlika vastuoM kA svarUpa jaisA bhI dekhAjAnA vahI nirUpaNa kiyaa| yaha unake vacana kI pramANikatA kA anupama udAharaNa hai / 1 gautama svAmI bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati kitane zraddhAzIla the, aura karmabandha aura moha bhramaNa se kitane bhIru tathA sarala aura nirAbhimAnI the ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA apanI galatI mAlUma hone para tatkAla unhoMne kahA--'bhagavan ! ApakA kathana satya hai / maiM Ananda zrAvaka se kSamA mAMgane ke lie jA rahA hU~ / AlocanA aura daNTagrahaNa ke lie udyata hU~ yaha kahate hue ve tatkAla Ananda dhAvaka ke pAsa pahu~ce aura anupayoga se jo ayogya kaha diyA thA, usake lie Ananda se kSamA maaNgii|
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________________ jJAtaputra kI ajJAta sAdhanA sukarAta ne uttara diyA, "mere liye zAMti merA dharma aura darzana hai| yaha bAhara nahIM apitu mere andara hai|" AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai, "suttA amuNI sayA muNiNo jAgaraMti" arthAta ani sote aura muni sadA jAgate haiN| kabIradAsa jI ne kahA hai suvidhA saba saMsAra, khAve arU sove| dukhiyA dAsa kabIra, jAge arU rovaM // - zrI dhanarAja zAmasukhA zAstroM ke avalokana se upadhAna-zruta jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra isI sthiti meM sadA nimagna rahA karate the / upadhAna meM unakI kaThora sAdhanA kA varNana hai| lAr3ha deza meM jaba ve baccabhUmi aura summabhUmi nAmaka sthAnoM meM vihAra kara rahe the to unheM aneka upasarga sahana karane pdd'e| vahA~ ke nivAsI unheM mArate aura dAMtoM se kATa lete / AhAra bhI unheM rUkhA sUkhA hI milatA / vahA~ kutte unheM bahuta kaSTa dete| loga DaMDe, muSTi, bhAle kI noka, miTTI ke Thele athavA kaMkar3a pattharoM se mArate aura bahuta zora macAte kitanI hI bAra unake zarIra kA mAMsa noca lete aura aneka prakAra se kaSTa dete ve una para dhUla barasAte Upara uchAla kara nIce paTaka dete| lekina zarIra 1 kI mamatA chor3akara sahiSNu mahAvIra apane lakSya ke prati acala rahate / aisI sthiti yoga niSNAta sAdhakoM ke jIvana meM pAyI jAtI hai| bahirmukha saMsAra ke vAtAvaraNa se pUrNataH asaMpRkta rahakara sAdhaka antarmukha hokara Antarika jagata meM vicaraNa karatA rahatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra dadhIci kI bhA~ti usa koTi meM pahuMca cuke the jahA~ zarIra kA parityAga karane kI naubata Ae to bhI muMha se upha taka na nikle| mahAvIra vibhinna AsanoM ora dhyAna kI kriyAoM kI sAdhanA karate the, yaha zAstrasammata tathya hai| jaisA ki - "manonuzasAnam" kI bhUmikA meM muni nayamala jI ne kahA hai, "mahAvIra ne Asana ko tapa kA eka prakAra batAyA hai| unakI bhASA meM Asana kA nAma kAyakleza hai| Asana ke dvArA zarIra ko kucha kaSTa hotA hai aura usa kaSTa se mAnasika dhayaM aura sahiSNutA kA vikAsa hotA hai / " haThayoga pradIpikA meM kahA gayA hai ki sthira hone ke liye AsanoM kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie - "kuryAttadAsana svayaM mArogyaM cAMgalA stranama" yaha sthiratA hI dhyAna kI jananI hai|
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________________ kha - 3 24 ] jJAtaputra mahAvIra kI zarIra ke prati nirmoha bhAvanA bar3I AzcaryamayI thii| unheM zIta tApa udvigna nahIM karatA thA, na ve roga para auSadha karate / A~kha meM raja kaNa par3ane para use nikAlane kI icchA na karate, khujalI Ane para jalAne kA yatna na karate isa prakAra deha ke mamatva se atyanta Upara uThakara sadeha hote hue bhI videhavat pratIta hote the| yaha yoga kI ucca sthiti kI paricAyikA hai| isa dazA ko yoga meM 'jIvana-mRtaka kahA gayA hai| isa sthiti meM pahu~cakara sAdhaka jahA~ apane pahale jIvana ( dIkSA-pUrva) kI dRSTi se 'muktaka' bana jAtA hai vahA~ isa navIna dRSTi se amaratva bhI pA letA hai| jIvana mRtaka vaha jIvanmukta puruSa hai jo sadA kisI brAhmI sthiti meM lIna rahA karatA hai| mahAvIra svAmI ko isI prakAra ekAgracitta se sAdhanA karane, svayaM ko ananta zakti kA srota mAnane, dattacitta hokara saMgrAma meM juTa jAne aura anekAneka bAdhAoM upasargoM aura saMjhAvAtoM ke Ane para bhI acala, aDiga, aTala rahane para hI satya kI prApti huI thii| dIrgha tapasvI mahAvIra ne eka bAra apanI ahiMsAvRtti kI pUrI sAdhanA kA aisA ho paricaya diyA / jaba ve jaMgala meM dhyAnastha khar3e the, eka pracaNDa viSadhara ne unheM Dasa liyA / usa samaya ve na kevala dhyAna meM hI acala rahe, balki unhoMne maMtrI bhAvanA kA usa viSadhara para prayoga kiyA, jisase vaha "ahiMsA pratiSThAyAM tat saMnidhI vaira tyAga", isa yogasUtra kA jIvita udAharaNa bana gayA / mahAvIra kI viziSTatA zAstroM meM nimna upAyoM se batAyI gaI hai : (1) kAMsya pAtra kI taraha nirlepa / (2) zaMkha kI taraha niraMjana rAga-rahita / (3) jIva kI taraha apratihata gati / ( 4 ) gagana kI taraha Alambana rahita (5) vAyu kI taraha apratibaddha ( 6 ) zarada Rtu ke jala kI taraha nirmala (7) sAgara ke samAna gambhIra (8) kamalapatra ke samAna nilaeNpa / ( 9 ) kacchapa ke samAna jitendriya / (10) gaiMDe ke samAna rAga-dveSa se rahita, ekAkI / ( 11 ) pakSI kI taraha aniyata bihArI / ( 12 ) AraMDa kI taraha apramatta / (13) gajendra ke samAna zUra (14) siMha ke samAna duIrSa / ( 15 ) vajra ke samAna aDiga (16) sUrya ke samAna tejasvI, Adi / mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki sukkabhUle jahA svale, evaM kammA va rohaMti sicapAne Na rohati / mohaNije vayaM gae || jisa taraha mUla sUkha jAne se sIMcane para bhI vRkSa lahalahAtA, harA-bharA nahIM hotA hai, isI taraha se mohakarma ke kSaya ho jAne para punaH karma utpanna nahIM hote /
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________________ *CIALA mahAvIra aura mUka jagata -AcArya rajanIza mahAvIra kI ceSTA rahI hai ki paudhe, pazu-pakSI, devI-devatA, saba taka, jIvana ke jitane tala haiM una saba taka, unheM jo milA hai usakI khabareM phuNce| mahAvIra ke bAda aisI koziza karane vAlA dUsarA nahIM huaa| yUropa meM phrAMsisa ne thoDI koziza kI hai, pazu-pakSiyoM se bAtacIta karane kii| abhI-abhI zrIaravinda ne koziza kI hai padArtha tatva para cetanA ke spandana pahu~cAne kii| lekina mahAvIra jaisA prayAsa na pahale kabhI huA aura na bAda meM huA / vRkSoM, pattharoM se bAtacIta karane ke liye usI pala jar3a avasthA, usI pala mUka avasthA meM utaranA pdd'egaa| rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa aisI jar3a avasthA meM utarate rahe haiM, magara mahAvIra ne isa dizA meM manuSya jAti ke itihAsa meM sabase adhika gahare prayoga kiye, aura mahAvIra kI ahiMsA bhI isI mUka, jar3a padArtha ke tAdAtmya se nikalI hai| merI samajha meM yaha hai ki mahAvIra ne jitane pazuoM aura jitane paudhoM kI AtmAoM ko vikasita kiyA hai, utanA isa jagata meM kisI dUsare ne nahIM kiyaa| yAnI Aja pRthvI para jo manuSya haiM, unameM se bahuta manuSya sirpha isalie manuSya haiM ki unako pazu yoni yA paudhoM kI yoni meM yA patthara hone meM mahAvIra ne saMdeza bheje the, aura unheM bulavA bhejA thaa| itanA hI nahIM paramANuoM taka meM bhI mahAvIra ne khabara pahuMcAne kI koziza kI hai| ina prayogoM meM ve itane vyasta rahe ki cAra-cAra, pA~ca-pAMca mahInoM taka zarIra mRtAvasthA jaisI jar3a hAlata meM rahA aura ve nirAhAra rahe / magara jisa paramANu jagata ko unhoMne satya kA saMdeza bhejA, vaha bhI pratyuttara meM unheM kucha na kucha dete hI hoNge| jo manuSya sAre paramANu jagata se sambandha banAye hue hai, use isI paramANu jagata se agara kucha zArIrika zakti mila rahI ho to koI Azcarya nhiiN| yahI unake bhojana kI cintA na karane kA sUtra thaa| Aja bhI yUropa meM eka aisI mahilA jindA hai, jisane 30 sAla se bhojana nahIM kiyA aura pUrI taraha svastha evaM sundara hai / baMgAla meM abhI eka mahilA kI mRtyu huI hai, usane 45 varSa taka bhojana nahIM kiyA, phira bhI svastha aura sukhI thii| vaijJAnika kAraNa DhUMDhane meM lage haiM / mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yaha sUkSma paramANu jagata hI unheM bhojana detA hai| prakRti bhI mahAvIra ke pratikUla hone kI koziza nahIM karatI, balki anukUla hone kI koziza karatI hai, kyoMki jisane prakRti se itanA adhika prema kiyA ho, vaha prakRti bhI kaise pratikUla hone kI koziza kregii| mahAvIra ne devatAoM taka bhI saMdeza bheje haiN| unakI 12 varSa kI pUrI sAdhanA abhivyakti sampreSaNA kI sAdhanA hai zabdoM ke binA bhI saMdeza bheje jA sakate haiM jaise taraMgoM ke dvArA, jise hama 'vAyaralesa' kahate haiM, sandeza pahuMcAnA / manuSya ke sAtha ghaTanA 'zabda' ke sAtha ghaTI hai / devatAoM se samparka sIdhe artha dvArA hotA hai| manuSya ke pAsa zabda rUpI taraMge pahuMcatI hai, 'artha' vaha svayaM khojatA hai| taba bar3I muzkila ho jAtI hai / vyAkhyAoM aura TIkAoM kI lAina khar3I ho jAtI hai|
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________________ - bhagavAna mahAvIra-jIvana aura darzana - -muni zrI rAkeza kumAra mahAvIra avatAra aura deva nahIM, mAnava banakara saMsAra meM Ae the| isa miTTI meM ve pale-pUse the aura isI miTI para unhoMne apanA lakSya prApta kiyA thaa| unake jIvana kI kahAnI AkAza kI ur3AneM nahIM haiM. unake svara kalpanA kI lahariyoM se nahI uThe the| anubhUti kI kasauTI para khare utara kara hamAre sAmane Aye the.| unakI zArIrika aura mAnasika saMvedanAe mAnavetara nahIM thii| unakI satata gatizIla mAnavatA ne unheM mahAmAnava banA diyA, jisakI pRSThabhUmi meM vijaya kA saMdeza hai| vaha vijaya yI andhakAra para prakAza kI, asata para sat kI aura mRtyu para amaratva kii| Adarza zramaNa-zrama, zama aura sama kI sAdhanA karane vAle mahAvIra 'zramaNa' khlaae| jaina Agama vAGamaya meM "samaNe nAthaputte" unakA muSya vizeSaNa rahA hai| mahAvIra eka rAjakumAra the, unake pAsa bhautika sakha sAdhanoM kI kamI nahIM thii| para jIvana kI isa bAharI dizA meM unheM tRpti nahIM milii| unheM saMsAra meM bahuta bar3A kAma karanA thA / maha vIra gRhastha jIvana meM bhI bar3e nilipta bhAva se rahe / kIcar3a meM rahane vAle kamala-patra ke udAharaNa ko unhoMne pUrA caritArtha kiyaa| unakA sArA vyavahAra gaharA Adarza lie huA thA, zramaNa jIvana kI kaThora sAdhanA meM ve bar3I dar3hatA ke sAtha Age bar3he the| mahAvIra kA titikSA dharma bahuta prasiddha hai| zArIrika aura mAnasika sabhI pariSahoM ko unhoMne bar3I samAdhi ke sAtha sahana kiyaa| apanI maMjila para pahuMcane ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ghora tapa kiyaa| apane pUrvavartI 23 tIrthakaroM se bhI unhoMne adhika kaSTa sahana kie / kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tapasyA kA matalaba kevala bhUkhA rahanA hI nahIM samajhA thaa| unake jIvana meM aneka yaugika prayoga calate the| unakI hara tapasyA ke sAtha dhyAna kA abhinna sambandha thaa| unhoMne bhUkhe rahane ko bAharI tapa batAyA, va dhyAna aura svAdhyAyako Abhyantara tapa / mahAvIra ne usa samaya ke aneka anArya asabhya pradezoM meM bhI vihAra kiyA, jahAM ugra pariSahoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| para unhoMne kisI kA sahArA nahIM liyaa| svAvalambana ke AdhAra para Age bar3he the ve| unhoMne vANI kI apekSA karma se adhika prazikSaNa diyA /
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________________ * bhagavAna mahAvIra kAduHkha-bodha * - DA0 harendra prasAda varmA mAnava jIvana kI sabase bar3I samasyA duHkha kI hai / bha0 mahAvIra ko jisane AtmAnusamasyA saMdhAna kI ora prerita kiyA vaha unakA gaharA dukha bogha hai| unhoMne gaharAI se anubhava kiyA ki yaha jIvana dukhamaya hai--yaha jIvana bandhana kA jIvana hai, yaha jIvana jarA aura maraNa se abhizapta hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- 'janma duHkha hai, bur3hApA du:kha hai, roga du:kha hai, bAra-bAra saMsAra meM AnA aura mRtyu ko prApta honA duHkha hai / aho ! sArA saMsAra hI du:kharUpa hai| yahA~ prANI sadA duHkha bhogate rahate haiN|" - jammaM dubalaM, jarA dukkhaMrogANi maraNAniya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jasthaM kIsanti jaMtavo // saba kucha kSaNika hai, saba kucha anitya hai / rUpa aura jIvana donoM capalA kI camaka ke samAna kSaNa bhaMgura haiM ( jIvitaM caiva rUpaM ca vijnu saMpAyacaMcalaM) / mAnava deha asAra hai, vyAdhi maMdira hai, jarA maraNa se grasta hai / ataeva isameM kSaNamAtra bhI ramaNa karanA, isakA moha karanA nirarthaka hai / hamArI vartamAna dazA usa nAvika kI bhA~ti hai jisakI nAva maMjhadhAra meM TUTa gayI ho, jise tairanA bhI nahIM AtA ho aura vaha bacAva ke liye bAra-bAra hAtha paira mAra rahA ho| jisa prakAra DUbatA manuSya tinake ko bhI sahArA mAna letA hai, usI prakAra duHkha- saMtapta vyakti indriya sukha ko hI sahArA aura zaraNa mAna baiThatA hai / parantu yaha usakI bhUla hai / indriya tRpti kabhI bhI zreyaskara nahIM hai aura na to sukha hI kabhI bhI Anandakara hai / sukha cintA upajAtA aura antataH duHkha meM badala jAtA hai / sukha aura du:kha ke bIca vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sakatI hai| sukha aprApta duHkha hai aura du:kha prApta sukha / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai- 'kAma bhoga kSaNamAtra sukha aura cirakAla taka duHkha dene vAle haiN| unameM sukha kI mAtrA kama aura duHkha kI mAtrA hI adhika hai ( khaNa metta sokkhA bahukAla dukkhA, pagAma dukkhA aNigAma sokkhaa)| jise sukha kahate haiM vaha vAstava meM duHkha kI pUrvapIThikA hai-dukhoM ko bhulAne kA prayatna hai| manuSya apane aMtara ke hAhAkAra ko vINA ke guMjAra meM chipAnA cAhatA hai / ha~sI rudana kI bhUmikA mAtra hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne anubhava kiyA ki - 'saMgIta vilApa rUpa hai, nATya viDambanA rUpa hai, AbharaNa bhAra rUpa hai aura sabhI kAmanAeM duHkha rUpa haiM / " savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM savvaM naTaM viDaMbayaM / savve AbharaNA mArA, sabve kAmA duhAvahA // kAmanAoM ke pIche bhAganA mRga marIcikA ke pIche bhAgane ke samAna hai / isameM tRpti kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / tRSNA duSpUra hai / bhoga kI Aga kabhI nahIM bujhatI, vaha Aga meM ghRta diye jAne ke samAna pratikSaNa bar3hatI hI jAtI hai / bhoga antatogatvA bhoktA ko hI samApta kara detA hai / isaliye bhoga jIvana kA niHzreyas nahIM ho sakatA | bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai- " tRSNAeM zalya rUpa haiM, viSamaya haiM, bhayaMkara viSadhara ke samAna haiM / jo kAmanAoM ke pIche bhAgate haiM unakI kAmanAeM kabhI bhI tRpta nahIM hotIM / ve kevala durgati ke zikAra hote haiM / " salla kAmA visa kAmA, kAmA AsI visovamA / kAme ya patthe mANA, akAmA janti doggaI //
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________________ 28 ] "fkapAka kA phala jaise kevala dekhane meM sugdara mAlUma par3atA hai, lekina usakA pariNAma sukhada nahIM hotA, usI prakAra bhoga kevala manohara mAlUma par3ate haiM lekina unakA pariNAma sundara nahIM hotA hai|' nahA kipAga phalANa, pariNAmo na sundro| evaM bhuttANa mogANaM pariNAmo na sundro| yaha manohara phala jisa prakAra jIvana hI hara letA hai, usI prakAra sukha-bhoga antataH mRtyu ke mukha meM hI pahu~cA detA hai| bhoga roga utpanna karatA hai aura mRtyu kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| ataeva aisA sukha kabhI bhI sukhada nahIM hai| sukha aura dukha vAstava meM eka hI haiN| ve eka hI sikke ke do pahala yA eka hI rekhA ke do chora ke samAna haiM / sukha binA du:kha ke nahIM ho sakatA aura duHkha bhI binA sukha ke nahIM ho sktaa| hamArA ajJAna yaha hai ki hama sukha ko to pasaMda karate haiM, lekina dukhoM se bacanA cAhate haiN| jabaki vastu-sthiti yaha hai ki eka ko pasaMda karane se dUsare kA varaNa bhI karanA hI hotA hai| yaha prakRti kI vyavasthA meM hI nihita hai| isakA samyaka jJAna nahIM rahane ke kAraNa hI hama moha aura pramAda meM par3ate haiN| jo prakRti kI isa nirdhArita vyavasthA ko svIkAra kara lete haiM. ve sukha-dukha meM samatva bhAva ko upalabdha hote haiN| mAnava svabhAva yaha hai ki ahaMkAra ke kAraNa vaha sukha kI vAhavAhI to svayaM lenA cAhatA hai, lekina dukhoM ke lie vaha paristhiti aura Izvara ko doSI ThaharAtA hai / parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra yaha mithyAdRSTi hai| vAstava meM hama svayaM apane sukha-dukha ke kartA haiM (appA kattA vikattA yaH dukkhANa ya suhANaya), ataeva karmoM kA pUrNa uttaradAyitva hamAre Upara hai| yadi sukha hamAre karmoM kA phala hai, to dukha bhI hamAre karmoM kA phala hai| aisA mAnakara jo na sukha ko pakar3atA hai na dukha ko vaha sukha aura dukha donoM ke atIta calA jAtA hai| vaha zAnti meM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra vyakti ko usI prakAra nilipta rahanA cAhie jaise kml| kamala jala meM janmatA hai. phira bhI usameM lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra sukha-dukha Adi dvandvoM meM vyakti jaba nilipta banA rahatA hai, tabhI vaha mokSa ko upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yaha bhI kahA hai ki zarada Rtu kA kamala svaccha jala se bhI lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra vyakti ko sukha aura zubha ke prati bhI lipta nahIM honA cAhie / aisA karane se hI manuSya dvandvAtIta ho sakatA hai| jahA pomma jale jAyaM, nova lippaha bAriNA / evaM aliptaM kAmehi taM vayaM vama mAhaNaM / / vAcchinda siNahamappaNo, kumuyaM sAraiyaM va pANiyaM / se savva siha vanjie, samayaM goyama ! mA pmaaye|| guNabhadrAcArya ne ise saMkSepa meM isa prakAra upasthita kiyA hai-'mAnava ko isa janma meM pUrva janma meM kie hae karmoM kA phala sukha aura du:kha rUpa meM milatA hai, jo manuSya isa tathya ko savIkAra kara sukha aura duHkha donoM ko taTastha bhAva se grahaNa karatA hai, usake purAne karma to naSTa ho jAte haiM (nirjarA) aura navIna karmoM kA bandha nahIM hotA hai (saMvara), phalataH usakI AtmA atyanta nirmala maNi ke samAna jagamagA uThatI hai| sukhaM dukhaM vA syAdiha vihita karmodaya vazAta / kutaH prItistApaH kutaH iti bikalpAdayadi bhavet // udAsInastasya pragalati, purANaM na hi navaM / samAskanvatyeSa sphurati, suvidagdho mnnirivaa||
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________________ 24.. bahAra vivAga hammaka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra paramparopamaho trIvAnAma -paM0 becaradAsa dozI mAtA pitA aura kuTumba ke akAraNa vatsalabhAva kA poSaNa karane se bhagavAna mahAvIra meM kisI ko udvigna na karane ko bIjarUpa vatti kA vikAsa ho gayA thaa| pariNAmasvarUpa jaba unhoMne yaha anubhava kiyA ki dehasukha, indriya sukha aura vAsanAoM kI vRttiyoM kI tRpti kA sukha dUsaroM ko trasta yA du:khI karane para hI sambhava hai, anya choTe-bar3e prANiyoM ko duHkhI yA trasta kiye binA, satAye binA, ye saba grAhya sukha saMbhava hI nahIM hai, taba unhoMne apanI nijI saMpatti saba logoM meM bAMTa dii| jisa samaya varddhamAna mahAvIra rAja bhoga kuTumba Adi sabhI sAMsArika sukhoM ko tRNavat tyAgakara AdhyAtmika zAMti aura AdhyAtmika pUrNa vikAsa kI zodha meM nikale, usa samaya ke unake svabhAva kA citra jainAgamoM meM isa prakAra milatA hai zramaNa vardhamAna mahAvIra mana-vacana-kAya ko ThIka-ThIka saMcAlita karane vAle the| managupti aura kAyagupti pAlane vAle the| jitendriya, sarvathA nirdoSa brahmacarya-bihArI the| krodha, ahaMkAra, chala-kapaTa aura lobhavihIna the, zAMta, upazAMta, aparigrahI, akiMcana the| nirgrantha the, arthAta jinake pAsa gAMTha bAMdhakara rakhane yA saMgraha karane jaisA kucha bhI na thaa| nirlepa the jaise-kAMse ke bartana para koI lepa nahIM cipaTa sktaa| vItarAgI the zaMkha kI taraha jisa para rAgadveSa kA koI raMga nahIM cddh'taa| votadveSI arthAta AkAza kI taraha svapratiSThita yAnI dUsare ke AdhAra kI apekSA na rakhane vAle the| vAyu kI bhAMti svatantravihArI yAni eka hI sthala para baMdhakara na rahane vAle the| zarada Rtu ke jala kI taraha nirmala the / kamala kI taraha alipta the| kachue kI taraha guptendriya the| gaiMDe ke mukha para ke zraMga kI bhAMti ekAkI, kisI ghora vipattI meM bhI kisI kI bhI sahAyatA na lene vAle the| pakSI ke samAna sarvathA mukta, hAthI ke samAna zura, jAtivaMta vRSabha ke samAna parAkramI, siMha ke samAna aparAjita the| ksiI se bhI na dabane vAle, meruvata aMkapa the| sAgara ke samAna gambhIra the| sone ke samAna kAntimAna the, vRtahomI agni ke samAna pradIpta the aura pRthvI ke samAna saba paristhitiyoM ko sahana karane vAle sarvasahA the| vardhamAna mahAvIra ne tana DhaMkane ke lie vastra ke eka Tukar3e, cithar3e taka kA bhI upayoga nahIM kiyaa| agni Adi anya sAdhanoM kA bhI koI upayoga nahIM kiyaa| gAMva meM bhagavAna eka rAta hI Thaharate aura nagara meM pAMca rAtriyoM se adhika
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________________ 30 ] khaNDa-3 nahIM Thaharate the| koI DaNDe kA prahAra kare athavA candana kA lepa kare, donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM ve sama rahate the| ve tRNa, maNimANikya, patthara athavA sone Adi samasta padArthoM meM samAna parIkSAvRtti the aura jIvana-maraNa donoM meM hI samAnubhAva rakhate the. sarvathA samadarzI the| sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa jamaI (prAcIna kAla ke jabhika-jaMbhiya) gAMva ke pAsa, RjuvAlikA nadI ke taTa para, vaiyavitta nAmaka caitya ke pAsa, sAmAga (zyAmAka) nAmaka gRhastha (gRhapati) ke kheta meM zAlavRkSa ke nIce godohana-Asana se dhyAnAvasthita vardhamAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna prApta huaa| yaha vaizAkha zukla 10 kA dina thA, grISma Rtu thI: aura chAyA pazcima kI ora Dhala rahI thI, vijaya muhUrta aura hastottarA (yAnI uttarAphAlgunI) nakSatra kA yoga thaa| pravrajyA svIkAra karane ke terahaveM varSa meM AtmajJAna-kevalajJAna prakaTa huaa| taba unakI manodazA isa prakAra thI "usa samaya bhagavAna kA saMyama, tapa, Atmabala-AtmavIrya saba kucha anupama thaa| unakI saralatA parAkASThA ko pahu~ca gayI thii| namratA, kSamA, aparigrahavatti, alobhabhAva, prasAdabhAva, AtmaprasannatA, satya kA Agraha, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka-cAritra ina samasta guNoM kI unameM parAkASThA ho gaI thii|" aba ve vItarAga, vIta dveSa, jitendriya aura saba prakAra se samadarzI kI bhUmikA para pahuMca gaye the| unhoMne deha aura AtmA ke pRthaka bhAva kA svayaM hI anubhava kiyA thA aura AtmalInatA prApta kara lI thii| unakA jJAna nirAvaraNa ho gayA thaa| sthitaprajJa kevalajJAnI athavA vItarAga hone ke bAda apanA svatantra dharmacakra pravartana karane ke lie mahAvIra magadha aura AsapAsa ke pradezoM meM vihAra karane lage / dharmacakra-pravartana dvArA unhoMne ahiMsA aura ahiMsA meM se udabhUta anya mAnava-adhikAroM kA upadeza diyaa| dharma ke nAma se ekadama tiraskRta aura sarvasAdhAraNa mAnavIya adhikAroM se vaMcita sabhI vargoM ko unhoMne atyanta sahAnubhUtipUrvaka apnaayaa| dhArmika karmakANDa meM pracalita hara prakAra kI hiMsA ke viruddha unhoMne ghoSaNA kii| sacce yajJa, sacce zrAddha, sacce snAna aura sacce brAhmaNa kA svarUpa samajhAyA, lokabhASA ko apane pravacanoM kA mAdhyama banAyA aura striyoM evaM zUdroM ke liye AtmasAdhanA kA mArga kholaa| unhoMne apane ahiMsA-pradhAna, samatAmUlaka, sarvodayI dharmacakra ko jIvana ke antima zvAsa taka phailaayaa| isI kA prabhAva Aja pacIsa sau varSa bAda bhI samasata bhArata meM spaSTa dikhAyI de rahA hai| isa tathya ko Adhunika ke itihAsa paMDita bhI muktakaMTha se aura spaSTa rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| mahAvIra magadha deza meM eka aise puruSa the jo sAdhanA va vastusvarUpa donoM hI viSayoM meM lezamAtra udAsIna nahIM the| bhagavatIsUtra meM athavA anya sUtroM meM jo bhI saMvAda, carcA aura dRSTAnta athavA kathAe~ AyIM haiM una sabakA adhyetA isa tathya ko ThIka-ThIka samajha sakatA hai| mahAvIra sAdhanA meM itane adhika kaThora the ki ve jIvana paryanta kevala bhekSya yAne sacce artha meM madhukarI para hI apanA nirvAha karate rahe the| bar3e-bar3e nimantraNoM meM bhojana ke liye ve kabhI gaye hI nahIM aura na kabhI sadoSa bhikSA grahaNa kI-arthAta aisI bhikSA jo ki unake liye hI taiyAra kI gaI ho athavA jisase kisI vyakti ko asantoSa athavA pIr3A hotI ho| nirdoSa bhikSA na milane para ve upavAsa para upavAsa karate jAte the| yadi bhaktibhAva se prerita hokara kisI anuyAyI upAsaka yA upAsikA ne unake liye bhikSA taiyAra kI hai, aisA unheM mAlama ho jAtA to ve vaisI bhikSA kabhI nahIM lete the| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne apane ana
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________________ khaNDa-3 [ 31 yAyiyoM-bhikSuoM ko bhI aisI bhikSA lene kI sakhta manAI kara dii| unhoMne apane nirvAha ke liye choTA athavA bar3A athavA kisI bhI prakAra kA vihAra Adi kA dAna kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| dAna meM bagIcA, bhUmi, maTha odi kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| apane athavA saMgha ke sthAyI nirvAha ke liye kisI asAdhAraNa upAsaka athavA upAsikA ko bhI kabhI koI preraNA nahIM dii| aura to aura haraNa hone para bhI unhoMne auSadhi lene athavA koI vaidya upacAra karane karAne kI tanika bhI icchA nahIM kii| saMgha ke dhamaNa-zramaNI ko bhI rogI avasthA meM hara bAta meM vaidyakIya sahAyatA lene kA spaSTa zabdoM meM niSedha kiyA hai / yahI unakI kaThora sAdhanA ko rIti thii| jaba koI jijJAsu unase pUchatAcha karatA to usako apane jJAna aura anubhava ke AdhAra para una saba viSayoM kI jAnakArI jIvana ke antima zvAsocchavAsa taka dete rhe| unhoMne kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI yaha nahIM kahA ki vastusvarUpa ke rasa vicAra ke viSaya meM spaSTatA nahIM ho sakatI, athavA yaha carcA avyAkRta hai / bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 10 uddezaka 3) meM ghor3A daur3atA hai, taba usake peTa meM amuka prakAra kA zabda huA karatA hai, isa viSaya kA eka prazna hai| aise mAmUlI prazna taka kA uttara bhI unhoMne jijJAsu ko diyA hai, use TAlA nahIM hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki unake pAsa jaisA bhI jijJAsu pahuMcatA vaha unase kucha na kucha prApta karake hI lauTatA thaa| isa prakAra unakI vRtti jJAna kI dRSTi se bhI asAdhAraNa thii| antima pravacana ke samaya kAzI dezAdhipati, mallavaMza ke gaNatantrI nau rAjA tathA kosalAdezapati licchavivaMzIya gaNatantra ke nau rAjA pAvApurI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upAsanA ke lie upasthita the| pAvA aura Asa pAsa kA vizAla janasamUha bhI vahA~ upasthita thaa| bhagavAna ke nirvANa ke samaya unake zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikAoM kA parikara isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai, indra bhUti gautama Adi 14 hajAra zramaNa-AryA candanAdi 36 hajAra zramaNiyAM, zaMkha zataka Adi 1 lAkha 59 hajAra zrAvaka tathA sulasA revatI, Adi 3 lAkha 18 hajAra shraavikaaeN|
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________________ Wan samatA dharma ke prarUpaka - mahAvIra - pro0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA zramaNa saMskRti kI hI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM prAkRtika adhidaivika devoM yA nityamukta Izvara kA pUjya sthAna nahIM hai / eka sAmAnya manuSya hI apanA carama vikAsa karake Ama janatA ke liye hI nahIM kintu yadi kisI deva kA astitva ho to usake lie bhI pUjya bana jAtA hai / isIliye indrAdi devoM kA sthAna zramaNa-saMskRti meM pUjaka kA hai, pUjya kA nahIM / bhAratavarSa meM rAma aura kRSNa jaise manuSya kI pUjA brAhmaNa-saMskRti meM hone to lagI, kintu unhoMne unheM kevala manuSya, zuddha manuSya na rahane diyA / unheM mukta Izvara ke sAtha jor3a diyA / Izvara kA avatAra mAna liyA / kintu zramaNa saMskRti ke buddha aura mahAvIra pUrNa puruSa yA kevala manuSya hI rahe / unako nitya buddha, nityamukta rUpa Izvara kabhI nahIM kahA gayA / Wan bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtA pitA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the, ataeva bAlyakAla se hI unakA saMsarga tyAgI - mahAtmAoM se huA, yahI kAraNa hai ki unako sAMsArika vaibhavoM kI anityatA aura nissAratA kA jJAna huA / saMsAra kI anityatA aura azaraNatA ke anubhava ne hI unako bhI tyAga aura vairAgya kI ora jhukAyA / unhoMne saccI zAMti sukha-vaibhava ke bhoga meM nahIM, tyAga meM dekhii| tIsa varSa kI yuvAvasthA meM saba kucha chor3akara tyAgI bana gaye - 30 varSa taka bhI jo unhoMne gRhavAsa svIkArA, usakA kAraNa bhI apane mAtA pitA aura bar3e bhAI kI icchA kA anusaraNa thA / saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI unakA mana sAMsArika padArthoM meM lipta nahIM thA / antima eka varSa meM to unhoMne apanA saba kucha dIna-hIna janoM ko de diyA thA aura akiMcana hokara ghara chor3a kara nikala gaye the / unake upadeza ko sunakara vIrAMgaka, vIrayaza, saMjaya, eNeyaka, seya, ziva, udayana aura zaMkha ina ATha samakAlIna rAjAoM ne pravrajyA aMgIkAra kI thii| abhayakumAra, meghakumAra Adi aneka rAjakumAroM ne bhI gharabAra chor3a kara vratoM ko aMgIkAra kiyA thA / skaMdhaka pramukha aneka tApasa tapasyA kA rahasya jAnakara bhagavAna ke ziSya bane the / aneka striyA~ bhI saMsAra kI asAratA samajhakara unake zramaNI saMgha meM zAmila ho gayIM thiiN| unameM aneka to rAjaputriyA~ bhI thIM / unake gRhastha anuyAyiyoM meM magadharAja zreNika aura kuNika, vaizAlIpati ceTaka, avantipati caNDapradyota Adi mukhya the / Ananda Adi vaizya zramaNopAsakoM ke alAvA zakaDAla - putra jaise kumbhakAra bhI upAsaka saMgha meM zAmila the / arjunamAlI jaise duSTa hatyAre bhI unake pAsa vaira tyAga karake zAntirasa kA pAna kara kSamA ko dhAraNa kara dIkSita hue the| zUdroM aura atizUdroM ko bhI unake saMgha meM sthAna thA / unakA saMgha rAr3ha deza, magadha, videha, kAzI, kosala, zUrasena, vatsa, avanti Adi dezoM meM phailA huA thA / unake vihAra ke mukhya kSetra magadha, videha, kAzI, kosala, rAr3ha deza aura vatsa the / tIrthaMkara hone ke bAda 30 varSa paryanta satataM vihAra karake logoM ko Adi meM kalyANa, madhya meM kalyANa, aura anta meM kalyANa, aise ahiMsaka dharma kA upadeza kara 72 varSa kI Ayu meM mokSa lAbha kiyaa| logoM ne dIpaka jalAkara nirvANotsava mnaayaa| taba se dIvAlI parva prArambha huA, aisI paramparA hai /
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________________ * samatva sRSTA bhagavAna mahAvIra * -sAdhvI aNimAzrI "samayA dhamma mudAhare muNI" bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha pAvana udghoSa rahA hai| kathanI-karanI kA sAkAra pratibimba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana meM dekhane ko milatA hai / abhibhAvakoM ke agAdha vAtsalya se lAlita-pAlita, rAjakIya atulya sukumAra rAjakumAra mahAvIra ne duSka ra dIkSAvrata ko svIkAra kiyA aura tatkAla hI Atma-zodha ke mArga ko apanAyA, nirvANa prApti apanA lakSya banAyA / "na pIche haTAyA kadama ko bar3hAkara, gara dama bhI liyA to maMjila ko pAkara" / Atma-darzana ke mahAna uddezya ke pIche atula sAhasa aura aTa niSThA hI saphalatA ke dyotaka the| bhagavAna ke sAdhanA-kAla meM samupasthita upasargoM kI Azcarya-bhUta kahAnI par3hane mAtra se kaleje meM kaMpana hotA hai| itanI pratikalatA meM kitanI samatA manuSya, hokara devatAoM dvArA datta kaSToM ko samacitta sahana karanA, yaha thI bhagavAna kI udAtta samatA, adabhuta shnshiiltaa| vastuta: sAdhanA patha kaTakAkIrNa patha hai| bhagavAna ke sAdhanAkAla ke 121 varSoM kI avadhi meM deva, manuSya tathA tiryaMcoM dvArA aneka anukUla pratikUla upasarga utpanna hue / sAmAnya vyakti jahA~ kaSToM ke mArga ko TAlate hue anya patha kA anusaraNa karate haiM, mahApuruSa lakSya nirUpaNa karake usI patha para Age bar3hate haiN| apane dAruNa karmoM ke kSaya ke lie bhagavAna anArya bhUmi meM pdhaare| vahA~ acitta dravya para ninimeSa dRSTi se dhyAna kara rahe the / indra ne jJAna dvArA jAna bhagavAna kI prazaMsA ke gIta gungunaae| eka tarapha jahA~ zaurya ke gIta gAe jAte haiM, vahA~ dUsarI tarapha asUyA kA AlApa hotA hai| indra kI sabhA meM upasthita IrSyAla saMgamadeva kaba sahana kara sakatA thA ? tatkAla bhagavAna ke sannikaTa prastuta huA aura vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / dhyAna se vicalita karane ke liye eka hI rAtri meM pizAca, vyAghra, sarpa, biccha Adi ke tathA devAMganA ke hAvabhAva pUrNa anukala-pratikula bIsa mAraNAntika upasarga die / lekina bhagavAna tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue| unake cehare para na roSa thA, na Akroza, kevala mAtra santoSa ke sAgara meM ve gote lagA rahe the| antatogatvA saMgamadeva parAjita hokara apane gantavya sthAna ko calA gyaa| bhagavAna apanI tapa: pUta sAdhanA meM saphala bane / bhagavAna kI bhASA meM samatA hI dharma hai aura viSamatA adharma / rAga-dveSa donoM viSamatA ke pratIka haiN| ahiMsA, satya, AcArya, brahmacarya, aparigraha, kSamA, abhaya Adi guNoM kI jar3a eka mAtra samatA hai| ye sAre to samatArUpI vRkSa kI zAkhAeM, patra, puSpa phala Adi haiM /
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________________ mahAvIra jIvana darzana : eka mUlyAMkana -DA0 dharmacanda mahAvIra saMnyasta jIvana kA lambA aMza dhyAna, yoga, tapazcaryA ke dvArA sukha-dukha, rAga-dveSa, ahaM-Agraha, saMkalpa-vikalpa ko haTAkara, mana se pare, Atma svarUpa ke bodha meM lgaa| sAdhanAkAla meM saMyama, sahanazIlatA, anukala-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva va sthiratA ko sAdhA / sampUrNa samAja ke pariveza kA vizleSaNa kara tatkAlIna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA mArga DhUMDhA / unakI sAdhanA kA mArga kataI Atmadamana kA mArga nahIM rhaa| Atma unnayana va sahaja-svastha Ananda kA mArga rahA hai / vyaktitva ke vikAsa kI aisI viziSTa avasthA prApta kI jahA~ vyaktitva samasta granthiyoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, bhavitA zarIra va mana kI sImAoM se pare ho jAtI hai, sAdhya aura sAdhaka eka ho jAte haiM, nizcaya aura vyavahAra meM bheda nahIM rahatA, sampUrNa satya ke jJAna kI kSamatA A jAtI hai, arthAta sarvajJatA A jAtI hai| ___ mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA kA mArga svayaM nirmita kiyA / kisI guru yA grantha ko mAnya nahIM kiyaa| pratyeka AtmA advitIya hotI hai, ataH pratyeka AtmA kA mArga bhI advitIya hI ho sakatA hai| dharma arthAt satya kI sAdhanA va zodha kA mArga to nizcaya hI anugamana kA baMdhA-baMdhAyA mArga nahIM ho sakatA / yaha to anveSaNa va AviSkAra kA mArga hI ho sakatA hai| isake lie vaiyaktika svatantratA evaM maulikatA tathA prayogadharmitA nitAMta Avazyaka hote haiM, kyoMki cetanA kA vikAsa vyaktika hotA hai| hara ananta ke yAtrI kA apanA hI patha hotA hai| mahAvIra ne apane yuga kI AvazyakatA ko pahacAna kara, pArzva-paramparA ke sUtra zeSa hote hue bhI, svayaM prApta satya kI dRSTi se samAja kI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa dharma kI vyAkhyA, prarupaNA evaM saMgaThana kiyaa| kisI bhI jIvanta mArga kI sArthakatA manuSya ke kalyANa aura vikAsa ke sAdhana meM haiN| mahAvIra ne samAja kI jarjara sthiti ko samajhA / apanI vyaktika upalabdhiyoM ko sampUrNa samAja kI cetanA ke vikAsa hetu samarpita kara diyaa| apanI sAdhanA ko pUre samAja ke hita meM vyApaka karane hetu dharma ke catuvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kii| sAdhanA ko sAmUhikatA pradAna kI, kyoMki vyakti kI cetanA se bhinna samAja kI cetanA, vyaktigata dharma-karma va samaSTigata AkAMkSAoM meM bhinnatA jIvana meM bheda utpanna karate haiN| jIvana-vyavahAra va dharmasAdhanA ko vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sampUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra hI dharma-sAdhanA bana jAnA caahie|
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________________ FAS samagra krAnti ke draSTA -zrI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' sAmAjika viSamatA, rAjanaitika uThApaTaka, rASTrIya-caritra-hInatA aura DagamagAtI mAnavIya niSThAoM ko dekhakara lagatA hai ki jar3amUla se krAnti karane kA samaya A gayA hai| aise samaya bhAratIya pRSThabhUmi meM jo krAnti hogI, vaha sAMskRtika tathayoM kI anadekhI nahIM kregii| isalie kahA jA sakatA hai ki vyakti, samAja evaM rASTra parivartana kI dizA prazasta karane vAle mahAbIra hamAre eka aitihAsika prakAza stambha haiM aura unake darzana se Aja bhI hama bahuta kucha sIkha sakate haiN| mahAvIra ke samaya kI sAmAjika sthitiyAM kAphI jaTila thiiN| ApasI sambandha bhI sandeha rahita na the| pitA-putra, bhAI-bhatIje, sage-samgandhI saba meM kahIM-kahIM khicAva thaa| tailIpura ke nareza kanakaratha aise hI pitA ye, jo apane putroM kA isalie aM-bhaMga kara dete the, tAki ve bar3e hokara rAjya-siMhAsana na har3apa leN| isI prakAra samrATa bibisAra ke viruddha ajAtazatru ke naitatva meM unhIM ke putroM ne SaDyantra racA aura unheM kAla koTharI meM DAla diyaa| ajAtazatru aura ceTaka ke yuddha kI sAkSI dene vAle vaizAlI ke khaNDahara Aja bhI yaha batAne ke lie paryApta haiM ki kaise par3osI rAjya eka dUsare se hathiyAye gaye tathA kaise-kaise samadhi rAjAoM ne eka dUsare ko parAsta kiyaa| vaizAlI vijaya meM 1 karoDa 80 lAkha manuSyoM kA saMhAra huaa| mahAbhArata ke bAda vahI sabase bar3A yuddha thaa| usa aitihAsika yuddha kA pariNAma pUre uttara bhArata ko bhugatanA pdd'aa| rAjyakuloM se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra ne jahA~ vijayI rAjAoM kA dapai dekhA, vahIM vijita rAjAoM kI dayanIya dazA bhI dekhii| vijayI aura vijita kI durdamanIya AkAMkSAoM ke bIca pisatI janatA ko bacAne kI anivAryatA ne mahAvIra ko naye sire se cintana karane ko vivaza kiyA, jisase sneha, saujanya, samatA, sahayoga evaM zIla kI dhArA baha niklii| mAnanA cAhie ki adhinAyakavAdI pravatti ke duSpariNAmoM se jaba mahAvIra ne samAja ko avagata karAyA to choTI-choTI ikAiyoM ko prazraya dene vAlI gaNatAMtrika vyavasthA phalI-phalI aura usase AkramaNa evaM upanivezavAdI vRtti ghttii| usa samaya 7707 gaNatAMtrika ghaTaka honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki mahAvIra kI bhUmikA kendrita vyavasthA ko vikendrita karAne meM mahatvapUrNa ginI gayI aura phira usa vikendrita vyavasthA ko unhoMne dhArmika AsthA meM kendrita kiyA / rAjAoM kI bhAMti dhanImAnI logoM kA apanA eka saMsAra hai| ve jo karate haiM, apane Dhaga se| hara rAjya meM unakI apanI alaga ikAI hotI hai| magadha ho yA videha, aMga-baMga-kaliMga ho yA kAzI-kozala. sarvatra paisevAle eka hI DhaMga se jIte the| vArANasI ke cullanI-pitA bahucarcita haiN| ve ATha karor3a svarNa mudrAeM jamIna meM gAr3a kara rakhate the, ATha karor3a vyApAra meM, ATha karor3a khetI bAr3I meM aura ATha karoDa karja dene meM lagAe hue the| assI hajAra gAyoM kI apAra saMpatti ke kAraNa unakA ghara bharA-purA thaa| phira bhI ve sukhI nahIM the| lagabhaga sabhI dhanADhapoM kI hAlata aisI hI thii| una sabako prApta vaibhava ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMvardhana kI cintA thI to dUsarI ora garIba jIvana kI anivArya AvazyakatAeM pUrI nahIM kara pAte ye| jamIna-AsamAna sI viSamatA ne hiMsA aura krUratA kI jar3e siiNcii| amIroM ne dekha kara anadekhA kiyA to garIba laTa-pATa para utara aaye| rAjagaha nivAsI dhannA sArthavAha ne apane naukara ko nikAla diyaa| vaha luTeroM ke dala meM jA
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________________ milaa| luTere bhI apanA kAma vyavasthita DhaMga se karate the| ve jahA~ bhI jAte, ghoSita karake jAte the| dhannA sArthavAha kI anIti kA pratizodha karane ke lie ve zahara meM ghoSaNA karate hue Aye ki Aja luTeroM kA saradAra cilAtI dhannA kA ghara lUTegA, jise naI mAM kA dUdha pInA ho vahI apane ghara se nikale / isa ghoSaNA ko sunakara rAjagahavAsI apane-apane gharoM meM chipa gye| rAjA kI ora se unakA koI pratirodha nahIM haa| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki jIvana kI jarUrateM pUrI karane ko janatA burA nahIM samajhatI thI, bure to ve the jo jarUratoM kI sImA nahIM samajhate the| mahAvIra ne samatA kA sandeza de kara anivArya AvazyakatAoM kA mUlya smjhaayaa| AvazyakatAoM ke viveka se mamatA kI bhAvanA ghttii| amIroM ne gharoM meM dhana gAr3anA banda kiyA aura garIboM ne lUTa na karane kI zapatha lii| sabake lie jIvana-nirvAha kI paristhitiyAM paidA huI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa dharmazAlAeM, ku~e, jalAzaya, cikitsAlaya, vidyAlaya, mandira Adi sthApita hue aura paropakAra kI vatti ko prazraya milaa| samrATa zreNika ne mahAvIra se jaba apanI apAra sampatti kI carcA kI to ve bole, 'samrATa ! pUnI kAta kara AjIvikA calAne vAle pUniyA kI eka muhUrtacaryA ke samakSa yaha saba nagaNya hai|' mahAvIra kI isa spaSTokti se jahA~ icchA parimANa kA vicAra phailA vahIM pichar3e vargoM ko samAnatA ke dharAtala para sira U~cA uThAkara calane kI bhI zakti milii| mahAvIra ko sabase adhika saMgharSa dAsaprathA ke khilApha karanA pdd'aa| usa samaya dAsaprathA ke abhizApa ne samUce deza ko abhizapta kara rakhA thaa| rAjA-mahArAjA evaM dhanI-mAnI logoM kI bAta chor3iye, polAsapura ke saddAla kuMbhakAra kI patnI bhI jaba mahAvIra ke darzana karane pahuMcI taba usake sAtha aneka daasiyaaNthiiN| candanA svayaM krIta dAsI thii| dAsa dAsiyoM ko mukta karanA evaM phira unheM sAmAjika tathA AdhyAtmika kSetra meM samAna adhikAra denA dilAnA mahAvIra kA prabhAvakArI kAryakrama thA / ve isameM kama saphala nahIM rhe| dAsa prathA se parAvalambana evaM asaMyama bddh'aa| mahAvIra ne zramaNa saMskRti ke samuddhartA ke rUpa meM svAvalambana evaM samaya kI sAdhanA se jIvana ko naye AyAma diye / 'parasparaM bhAvayantaH' ke rUpa meM jaba eka dUsare ke sahayoga se sArA kAma hogA, tabhI sacamuca dAsathaprA kA anta hogaa| mahAvIra ne U~ca-nIca, garIba-amIra, zAsaka-zAsita Adi saba ko dhyAna meM rakha kara socaa-smjhaa| jIvana ke choTe-se-choTe pahala para kahAM hama skhalita hote haiM aura kaise hameM sabhalanA hai, kaise atIta, Aja, evaM anAgata kI gaurava rakSA sambhava hai, vaha koI unase sIkhe / na ve Adarza meM ur3ate haiM aura na vyavahAra meM DUbate haiN| hara bAta ko hara dRSTi se suna-samajha kara yathArtha kA Akalana karane meM hI unakA sauMndarya bodha hai unakI caryA haiN| unakI dRSTi meM satya bhagavAna hai aura viveka dharma / asata se asata meM sata kI lo prajvalita karane meM unheM kabhI jhijhaka nahIM lgii| hara dharma, patha, sampradAya, veza-bhASA-bhUSA ke bIca unhoMne mAnavIya pakSa ko ujAgara kiyA / 'asaMvibhAgI nahu tasya mokkho'-jaise sUtroM meM unake samAjavAdI vyavahAra kI jhaMkRti hai| mahAvIra ne yama-niyama Adi kI upayogitA kA pratipAdana kiyA to spaSTa kaha diyA ki 'asthilAe parastha ya-jo vartamAna ko nakAratA hai, vaha iSTa nahIM hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya. brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA isalie jarUrI hai ki hama sukhI raheM aura apane pAsa par3osa vAloM ko sukhI rkheN| eka dUsare kI jijIviSA meM tAlamela biThAne kI bhAvanA se AnaMda udabhUta hotA hai / jo AnaMda mila bA~Ta kara bhogA jAya vaha paramAnaMda hai aura usakI parAkASThA meM hI brahmAnaMda ke akSaya bhaMDAra kI upalabdhi hai| 'ahaM brahmAsmi' kI anubhUti se hI 'yatpiNDe tada brahmANDe' kI abhivyakti saMbhava haiM, aura mahAvIra kyoMki samAja evaM deza ke stara para hara asaMbhavatA se bacAte hue hameM AtmA, mahAtmA evaM paramAtmA ko sAkSAtkAra karAte haiM, isIlie aba DhAI hajAra varSa bAda jaba unake AcAra samamta vicAra darzana kI ora rASTra kA dhyAna AkRSTa huA hai, to hameM cAhie ki samagra krAnti ke draSTA ke rUpa meM hama mahAvIra ko namana kreN|
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________________ VIRAL mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana kA AdhAra biMdu -DA0 pradyumna kumAra jaina yuga dRSTA mahAvIra ne jo sabase pahalA prazna ubhArA, vaha thA du:kha / unhoMne vyApaka anubhava ke AdhAra sArI samasyAoM kA nicor3a pAyA duHkha rUpa meN| jIvana kA yaha sarvasvIkRta pahala unhoMne apane pahale pravacana meM hI ujAgara kA diyaa| unhoMne ghoSita kiyA ki sAre prANI duHkhI haiM aura dukha-makti ke rUpa meM sakha kI AkAMkSA karate haiN| ata: duHkha prANiyoM kA aropita satya hai, anaisargika pariNati hai aura sukhAkAMkSA unakA janmasiddha adhikAra hai| isa vibhAva athavA anaisargika pariNati ke kaThora satya ko svIkArate hue sukhopalabdhi ke janmasiddha naisargika adhikAra ko pAnA manuSya kA dharma hai / isI AdhAra para dharma kI paribhASA kI gaI, 'vattha sahAvo dhammo' arthAta vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai| dharma jIvana kI svabhAvIkaraNa kI prakriyA mAtra hai anaisagika sthiti ko naisAgika dizA dene kA abhiyAna hai| isa svabhAvIkaraNa prakriyA ke sandarbha meM aba kaI aura prazna ubhara kara sAmane Ate haiN| dUHkha kyA hai ? vaha kyoM hai ? usakA nirodha kaise sambhava hai ? nirodha kI antima pariNati kyA hai ? Adi Adi / ina sabhI praznoM ke uttara mahAvIra ke dharmacakra-prarvatana ke mukhya mudde.raheM haiN| cUMki ye sabhI prazna vAstavika jIvana se sambandhita haiM. ataH inake uttara bhI Thosa vAstavika honA apekSita haiN| ina praznoM ke bAre meM mahAvIra kA rukha AdyopAMta vAstavika hai| vaha duHkha jaise mUlabhUta tathya ko kAlpanika mAnakara nahIM clte| unakI spaSTa dezanA thI ki duHkha eka vAstavikatA hai, anubhUta vAstavikatA, aura isase jIvana ke pratyeka stara para vAstavika rUpa se hI nipaTanA hai| ataH unakA do Traka uttara thA, ki du:kha vAstavika hai, usakA kAraNa vAstavika hai, kAraNoM kA nirodha vAstavika hai aura nirodha kI antima pariNati mI vAstavika hai| kahane kA tAtparya hai, ki jIvana kI AdyaMta pratyeka avasthA vAstavika hai, Thosa satya hai| aura use Thosa rUpa meM hI jAnanA aura vyavahAramA upAdeya hai / yathArthavAda mahAvIra ke jIvana darzana kA AdhAra bindu haiN| du:kha eka pratikriyA hai| vaha jinIviSA kA mahA-bhaya ko jItane kA saMtrAsa hai| astitva AtaMka. grasta hai| isI AtaMka kI pratikriyA du:kha hai| AtaMkadarzI mahAvIra ne dekhA ki sampUrNa astitva pratikriyAoM kA paMja hai| vaha zrRMkhalAbaddha pratikriyAoM kI saMhati hai| vaha kisI ajJAta bhaya se nipaTane kA upakrama hai| vaha kisI mahAna yuddha kI taiyArI kA abhiyAna hai| isa yuddharata aura pratikriyApuMja saMhati ko hI mahAvIra ne
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________________ karma saMjJA se abhihita kiyaa| unhoMne duHkha ko karmopAdhi kahA / vartamAna jIvana-krama karmajanya maanaa| unakI nigAha meM karma kI yaha zRMkhalA anAdi kAlIna hai| jIvana kA vividharaMgI utpAda aura vyaya karmakRta hai| du:kha kI pratIka evaM janaka isa karma saMhati se saMgharSa karake mukti prApta karane kA jo upAya unhoMne batAyA vahI unakA dharma-darzana hai| nijjhAittA pADile hittA patteyaM parinivvANaM samvesi pANANaM savvesi bhUyANaM, samvesi jIvANaM, samvesi satlANaM assAyaM aparinivvANaM mahAbbhayaM, dukkhaMtti bemi, tasaMti pANA padiso disAsuyaacArAMga sUtra, zruta0 prathama 1-6-51 jAI ca buDiDhaM ca iha'jja, pAse, bhaehi jANe paDileha sAyaM-AcAMrAga, zruta0 prathama 3-2-4 2. AraMbhajaM dukkhamiNaMti NaccA evamAhu saMmatta daMsiNoM, ve sabve pAvAiyA dukkhassa kuzalA pariSNa mudAharaMti iyaM kammaM pariNaya savvaso-vahI 4-3-135 3. AyaMkadaMsI ahiyaMtA NaccA-AcArAMga, zra ta. prathama 1-7-57 duHkha aura sukha ke kAraNa gautama-bhaMte ! jIva dIrghakAla taka duHkhapUrvaka jIne ke yogya karma kyoM va kisa kAraNa se karatA hai ? bhagavAna-gautama ! hiMsA karane se, asatya bolane se tathA zramaNa brAhmaNoM ko avahelanA, nindA evaM apamAna karane se, unheM amanojJa AhAra pAnI dene se jIva duHkhapUrvaka jIne yogya azubha karma kA baMdha karatA hai| gautama-bhaMte ! jIva dIrghakAla taka sukhapUrvaka jIne yogya karma kisa kAraNa se bAMdhatA hai ? bhagavAna-gautama ! hiMsA va asatya kI nivRtti se tathA zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko vaMdanA-upAsanA karake priya kArI nirdoSa AhAra-pAnI kA dAna karane se jIva zubha dIrghAyuSya kA baMdha karatA hai|
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para eka dRSTi -paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAMtAcArya byAvara bhagavAna mahAvIra kitane mahAna the, unakA jJAna kitanA vizAla thA, ise unake hI samakAlIna bhagavAna buddha ke zabdoM meM dekhie "ekamidAha, mahAnAma, samayaM, rAjaMgahe, viharAmi gijjhakaTe panvate / tena kho pana samayena saMbahulA nigaNThA isigiliyasse kAlAsilAyaM ubbhatthakA honti Asana paTikkhittA, opakkamikA dukkhA tippA kaTukA vedanA vedayanti / atha kho hAM, mahAnAma, sAyaNha samayaM paTisallANA bUDhiDhato yena isigili passama kANAsilA yena te nigaNThA tena upsNkmmi| uNasaMkamittevA te nigaThe etadvoMcama: kinnu tumheM Avaso nigaNThA ubhaTTakA AsanapaTikkhittA, opakkamikA dukkhA tippA kaTukA vedanA vediythaati| evaM vutte, mahAnAma, te nigaNThA meM etadabocu nigaNThA, Abuso nAtaputto samvaju, savvadassAvI aparisesaM jJAna sa dassanaM parijAti:, carato ca me tiTTato ca suttassa ca jAgarassa ca satataM samitaM jJAna dassanaM pakcapaTritaMti:, so evaM AhaH asthi kho vo nigaNThA putve pApaM kammaM kataM, ta imAya kaTukAya dukkarikArikAya nijjaretha yaM panettaya etarahi kAyena saMvutA, vAcAya saMvutA, manasA saMvutA taM Ayati pApassa kammassa akaraNaM, iti purANAnaM kammAnaM tapasA vyantibhAvA navAnaM kammAnaM akaraNA Ayati anavassavo, Ayati anavassavA kammakkhayo, kammakkhayo dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayA vedanAkkhayo, vedanAkkhayA savvaM dukkhaM nijjiNNaM bhavissati taM ca pana amhAkaM ruccati ceva khamati ca tena ca amhA attamanA ti / " bhAvArya-bhagavAna buddha kahate haiM, he mahAnAma ! maiM eka samaya rAjagRha meM gaddhakUTa nAmaka parvata para vihAra kara rahA thaa| usI samaya RSigiri ke pAsa kAlazilA (nAmaka parvata) para bahuta se nirgrantha (jaina muni) Asana chor3a upakrama kara rahe the aura tIvra tapasyA meM pravRtta the| he mahAnAma, maiM sAyaMkAla ke samaya una nirgranthoM ke pAsa gayA aura unase bolA, aho nirgrantha, tuma Asana chor3a upakrama kara kyoM aisI ghora tapasyA kI vedanA kA anubhava kara rahe ho ? he mahAnAma ! jaba maiMne unase aisA kahA taba ve nirgrantha isa prakAra bole--aho, nirgrantha jJAtaputra (mahAvIra) sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI haiM, ve azeSa jJAna aura darzana ke jJAtA haiN| calate, Thaharate, sote, jAgate samasta avasthAoM meM sadaiva unakA jJAna aura darzana upasthita rahatA hai| unhoMne kahA hai-nirgranthoM tumane pUrva janma meM pApa karma kiye haiM unakI isa ghora duzcara tapasyA se nirjarA kara ddaalo| mana, vacana aura kAya kI saMvRtti se (naye) pApa nahIM baMdhate aura tapasyA se purAne pApoM kA vyaya ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra naye pApoM ke ruka jAne se karmo kA kSaya hotA hai, karmakSaya se du:khakSaya hotA hai, duHkhakSaya se vedanAkSaya aura vedanAkSaya se sarva du:khoM kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai| isa para buddha kahate haiM ki yaha kathana hamAre mana ko ThIka jaMcatA hai| majjhimanikAya ke isa kathana se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra apane samaya meM eka mahAna tatvavettA, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| unake siddhAnta kAryakAraNa sambandha para AdhArita haiM, ata: ve saba vaijJAnika, buddhigamya evaM grAhya haiN|
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________________ - mahAvIra kI bhASA-krAnti - -DA0 nemIcanda jaina vigata zatAbdiyoM meM jo bhI krAntiyAM ghaTita huI haiM, unameM bhASA kI arthAta mAdhyama kI krAntiyAM adhika mahatva kI haiN| bhASA kA saMdarbha bar3A sukumAra aura saMvedanazIla saMdarbha hai| bhASA saMpUrNa mAnava samAja ke lie eka vikaTa aparihAryatA hai| jIvana kA hareka kSaNa bhASA ke bahuvidha saMdarbho meM sAMsa letA hai / bhASA jahA~ eka ora suvidhA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora usane apane prayoktA se hI itanI zakti ajita kara lI hai ki vaha eka khataranAka aujAra bhI hai| usameM sajana, suvidhA aura saMhAra tInoM sthitiyAM spaMdita haiN| bahudhA yahI hotA hai ki bhASA ke do pakSa, vaktA aura zrotA, pUrI taraha kabhI jur3a nahIM pAte, sapreSaNa kI prakriyA meM / sArI sAvadhAnI ke bAvajUda bhI kucha raha jAtA hai, jisa para vaktA zrotA donoM ko pachatAnA hotA hai| vaha pAsa lAkara bhI sArI dUriyoM kA samAdhAna nahIM kara paatii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhASA ko isa asamarthatA ko gaharAI meM samajhA thaa| unhoMne anubhava kiyA thA ki eka hI bhASA ke bolane vAloM ke bIca hI bhASA ne dUriyAM paidA kara lI haiN| unhoMne dekhA paMDita bola rahA hai, Ama AdamI usake AtaMka meM phasA huA hai| usakI samajha meM kucha bhI nahIM hai, kintu paMDita varga usa para thope jAtA hai svaya ko| donoM eka hI jamAne meM alaga-alaga jI rahe haiN| mahAvIra ko yaha asaMgati kacoTa gii| unhoMne Ama AdamI kI pIr3A ko pakar3A, aura usI kI bhASA ko apane jIvana kI bhASA banAyA; kyoMki unake yUga taka dharma kA, darzana kA jo vikAsa ho cakA thA vaha bhASA kI kliSTatA aura paribhASAoM ke biyAbAna meM bhaTaka gayA thaa| Ama AdamI icchA hote huye bhI adhyAtma kI gaharAI meM bhASA kI khAI ke kAraNa utara nahIM pAtA thaa| mahAvIra ne Ama AdamI kI isa kaThinAI ko mAnA, samajhA aura adhyAtma ke liye usI ke aujAra ko aMgIkAra kiyaa| unhoMne paMDitoM kI bhASA ko asvIkAra kiyA, aura sAmAnya vyakti kI bhASA ko svIkArA / yaha krAnti thI mahAna yuga pravartaka / unhoMne bhASA ke mAdhyama se vaha saba ThakarA diyA jo viziSToM kA thaa| ve muTThI bhara logoM ke sAtha kabhI nahIM rahe, unhoMne sadaiva jana samudAya ko apnaayaa| bhagavAna ne una sAre saMdarbho ko dvitIya kara diyA jo alagAva kA alakha jagA rahe the; jo unakI samakAlIna cetanA ko kramahIna aura khaNDita kara rahe the| isaliye unhoMne sApha-sutharI paribhASA-mukta bhASA meM logoM se Amane-sAmane bAta kI aura jIvana ke saMdarbho ko, jo jaTila aura pecIdA dikhAI dete the, kholakara rakha diyaa| bhASA meM kitanI apAra UrjA dhar3akatI hai ise mahAvIra jAnate the / arddhamAgadhI meM vaha urjasvitA thI. jisakI khoja meM bhagavAna the| jo bhASA eka jagaha Akara Thahara gayI thI. mahAvIra ne usameM bolane se inkAra kara diyaa| zAstra kI parAjaya hI mahAvIra kI jaya hai; jahA~ zAstra ThaharatA gayA, mahAvIra vahAM se Age bar3he haiN| mahAvIra kI bhASA ko 'divya dhvani' kahA gyaa| yaha koI rahasyavAdI zabda nahIM hai| 'divya dhvani' vaha jo sabake palle par3e, aura adivya vaha jo kucheka kI ho aura zeSa jisase vaMcita raha jAte hoN| mahAvIra kI dina dhvani apane yuga ke prati pUrI taraha ImAnadAra hai, vaha subodha hai, aura apane yuga ke tamAma saMdarbho se jur3I huI hai| mahAvIra kI bhASA-krAnti ko samajhane ke liye do zabdoM ko samajhane kI jarUrata hai; 'jJAna' aura 'samajha' yA sabhyakajJAna / 'jAnanA' samajhanA' nahIM hai; jJAna meM hama jAnate haiM, samajhate nahIM haiM; sabhyakajJAna meM hama jAnate bhI haiM aura samajhate bhI haiN| janabhASA ardhamAgadhI ke mAdhyama se sabhyagjJAna kA prasAra karanA mahAvIra kI mahAna kAti. kArI dena hai|
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________________ -OM mahAvIra-nirvANa-kAla - -DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina [gata sau-savAsI varSoM meM jina aneka pAzcAtya evaM paurvAtya prAcyavidoM aura itihAsakAroM ne prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa evaM saMskRti ke pariprekSya meM athavA svataMtrarUpa se, jainadharma kA aitihAsika paricaya dene kA prayAsa kiyA to antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jIvana paricaya dene aura unakA samaya nirdhAraNa karane kA bhI alpAdhika prayatna kiyA hii| svayaM jainoM ko to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa-kAla Adi ke viSaya meM prAyaH kabhI koI sandeha nahIM rahA, kintu aneka prasiddha jainetara vidvAnoM ne katipaya parvabaddha dhAraNAoM ke vaza athavA mahAtmA buddha aura bauddhadharma ke itihAsa yA rAjanaitika itihAsa kI kinhIM ghaTanAoM ke sAtha saMgati baiThAne ke prayatna meM mahAvIra ke samaya ko vivAdAspada banAne meM yoga diyA / ina navIna matoM kA nirasana karane ke lie, vartamAna zatI ke tIsare dazaka meM sarvaprathama muni zrI kalyANavijayajI evaM paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra agresara hue / san 1955-56 meM likhita apane grantha, 'dI jainA sorseja Apha dI hisTarI Apha enzeNTa inDiyA', meM hamane isa samasyA para vistAra ke sAtha UhApoha kiyA thaa| usake atirikta zodhAMka-2 (nava0 1956) meM hamane prAcIna pAThoM ke AdhAra se 'zrI vIra nirvANa' kA vivaraNa diyA thA, zoghAMka-3 (aprela 1959) meM sva. kasturamala bAThiyA kA lekha 'mahAvIra nirvANAbda,' zodhAMka-5 (akTUbara 1959) meM hamAre lekha 'mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat' tathA 'bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya sambandhI eka navIna bhrAnti', aura paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI kA lekha 'pracalita vIra nirvANa saMvat hI ThIka hai' zita hue| paM0 nAtharAma premI, bA. kAmatA prasAda, pro0 hIrAlAla, paNDita kailAzacandra, paM0 sukhalAla jI, DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye Adi anya aneka vidvAnoM ne bhI apane lekhoM meM prasaMgavaza isa viSaya para prakAza ddaalaa| gata varSoM meM bhI, anya kaI lekhakoM ke atirikta yati vijayendrasUri jI, muni hastimalla jI, DA0 nemIcandra zAstrI, muni vidyAnanda jI evaM DA0 muni nagarAja jI ne isa prazna para vicAra kiyA hai| bhASA, zailI, yuktiyoM aura pramANAdhAroM ke prayoga meM alpAdhika antara rahate hue bhI prAya: sabhI jaina vidvAnoM ne eka mata se mahAvIra nirvANa kI paramparA mAnya tithi, IsApUrva 527, ko hI siddha kiyA hai| antima jana tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra kI tithi prAcIna bhArata kI aitihAsika kAlAnukramaNikA kA eka pramukha Adya patha-cinha hai / jainetihAsika kAlAnukramaNikA kI to vaha mUla bhitti hI hai / mahAvIra-nirvANa kI tithi hI pracalita jaina saMvat, arthAta mahAvIra saMvat yA mahAvIra-nirvANa saMvat ke pravartana kI tithi hai, aura usI ko AdhAra mAnakara usakI pUrvavartI evaM paravartI samasta ghaTanAoM kA samaya sUcita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| yaha aitihAsika mahatva kI ghaTanA teisaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa se dosau-pacAsa varSa pazcAta tathA vartamAna kalpakAla
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________________ 42 ] kha-3 kI avapiNi ke caturtha Are (yA kAla) kI samApti meM tIna varSa sAr3he ATha mAsa zeSa rahane para ghaTita huI thii| jisa dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nirvANa lAbha kiyA usI dina unake pradhAna ziSya evaM gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko kevalajJAna evaM arhata pada kI prApti haI aura usI dina ujjayinI meM avantinareza caMDapradyota ke putra pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA thaa| mahAvIra nirvANa ke 461 varSa pazcAt ujjayinI (mAlava) pradeza meM zakoM kA sarva-prathama praveza huA, 470 varSa pazcAta pracalita vikrama saMvat (kRta yA mAlava saMvat) kA pravartana huA, 605 varSa 5 mAsa pazcAt zaka saMvat (zaka zAlivAhana) prArambha huA, 683 varSa paryanta mahAvIra kI dvAdazAMgavANI ke aMga-pUrvI kA kramaza: hrAsa ko prApta hotA huA jJAna guruparaMparA meM maukhika dvAra se, apane mUla rUpa meM surakSita rahA, aura nirvANa ke eka sahasra varSa uparAnta prathama kalkiyuga huaa| mahAvIra ke uparAnta mUla AcArya paramparA uparokta 683 varSa paryanta calatI hai, jisake pazcAta, upsIko AdhAra banAkara, vibhinna saMgha-gaNa-gacchAdikoM ke itihAsa, paTTAvaliyoM evaM gurvAvaliyAM prArambha hotI haiN| yadi yaha paramparA prApta na hotI to prArambhika jaina saMgha aura jaina sAhitya ke bhI, itihAsa kA punanirmANa aura IsvI sana kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM hue jaina guruoM evaM granthakAroM kA samaya nirNaya karanA evaM pUrvApara nizcita karanA atyanta duSkara hotaa| jainoM ne uparokta mahAvIra samvata kA prayoga viziSTa vyaktiyoM evaM ghaTanAmoM kA samaya sUcana karane ke liye mAtra apanI dhArmika anuzrutiyoM meM hI nahIM kiyA, varana kaI jaina granthakAroM ne apanI racanAoM ko pUrNa karane kA samaya pragaTa karane meM bhI kiyA hai tathA kucha zilAlekhoM meM bhI usakA prayoga huA hai| dhArmika kAryoM meM isa samvata kA prayoga Aja bhI hotA hai| prAcIna bhArata ke itihAsa meM svayaM vardhamAna mahAvIra kA ati mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / IsvI san ke prArambha ke pUrva se hI cale Aye jaina sAhitya meM nibaddha anuzrutiyoM meM unake jIvanacaritra evaM dezakAla kI sthiti ke viSaya meM upayogI tathA bahudhA vistRta jAnakArI upalabdha hai| unake pitA rAjA siddhArtha vaizAlI, jisakI pahacAna vartamAna vihAra rAjya ke mujaphpharapura jile meM sthita basAr3ha ke sAtha kI gaI hai,4 ke nikaTastha kuNDagrAma ke jJAtavaMzI, kAzyapagotrI vAtya kSatriya the aura apane jJAtRka gaNa ke, jo 1-jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra anAdi-ananta vyavahAra-kAla pravAha kalpoM meM vibhAjita hai / pratyeka kalpakAla ke utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI nAma ke do vibhAga hote haiM, jo eka ke pazcAta eka Ate rahate haiN| inameM se pratyeka chaha AroM, kAloM yA yugoM meM vibhAjita hotA hai| kAlacakra kI gaNanA kA prArambha zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadA se hotA hai| vartamAna meM cAlU kalpakAla kI avasarpiNI kA pAMcavA ArA cala rahA hai| 2-jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 500 varSa pazcAta eka upakalki aura sahasra varSa pazcAta eka kalki hotA hai| ye kalki-upakalki dharmadrohI atyAcArI ucchaM khala zAsaka hote haiM, aura inakA yaha krama Age bhI calatA rahatA hai| 3-yathA kundakundAcArya kI prAkRta bhaktiyAM (8 I0 pU0-44 I0), yativRSabhakRta tiloyapaNNatti (laga bhaga 200 I0), pUjyapAdakRta dazabhaktiH (la0 500 I0), dhavala evaM jayadhavala (780 I0), AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayama, bhagavatI Adi AgamasUtra tathA uttaravartI Agamika sAhitya aura jaina paurANika sAhitya Adi meN| 4-dekhiye viSayedrasUrikRta 'vaizAlI' (dillI, 1946) 5-pUjyapAda ne caritrabhakti meM unheM 'zrI majjJAtakulendunA' likhA hai, isI se mahAvIra 'jJAtRputra' kaha lAte the, jisakA apabhranza nAyaputta yA nAtaputta huA-pAlibauddhasAhitya meM mahAvIra kA ullekha nigaMThanAtaputta nAma se hI huA hai|
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________________ kha - 3 [ 43 saMbhavatayA licchaviyoM kI hI eka zAkhA thI, pramukha the| mahAvIra kI jananI trizalA aparanAma priyakAriNI tathA videhadattA, vaizAlI ke licchavi nareza tathA mahAna vajjigaNa saMgha ke adhyakSa mahArAja ceTaka kI putrI thii| 7 mAtRpakSa se mahAvIra kA sambandha magadha, kAzI, kosala, vatsa, avanti, aMga ( campA) aura sindhu-sauvIra ke rAjagharAnoM ke sAtha thA / lagabhaga 29 varSa kI Ayu meM mahAvIra ne sAMsArika sukhavaibhava kA parityAga karake mahAbhiniSkramaNa kiyA, tadanantara sAdhika 12 varSaM unhoMne durddhara tapaH sAdhanA dvArA Atmazodhana kiyA, phalasvarUpa kaivalya prApta kiyA aura vaha arhat-jina ho gaye / agale 30 varSa paryanta unhoMne sthAna-sthAna meM padAtika nirantara vihAra karake janabhASA ardhamAgadhI meM janatA ko saddharma kA upadeza diyA / mahAvIra kA vyaktitva atyanta tejapUrNa thaa| vaha apane samaya ke mahAna dharmopadeSTA the / gautama buddha unheM apanA ati prabala pratidvandvI mAnate the 10 - vahabha0 mahAvIra ke kaniSTha samakA lIna rahe pratIta hote haiN| jainoM ne bha0 mahAvIra ke paJcakalyANaka - garbhAvataraNa, janma, abhiniSkramaNa, kaivalya aura nirvANa kI pUrI vigata, samaya, tithi, vAra, nakSatrAdi sahita bar3e yatnapUrvaka surakSita rakkhI hai| aura isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa pAvApura ke bAhara kamala sarovaroM evaM nAnA prakAra ke vRkSoM se maNDita ramya udyAna meM, unnata bhUmi pradeza meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthiti, kArtika kRSNa caturdazI ke antima prahara ( pratyUSakAla ) meM svAtinakSatra meM huA thA | 11 usa samaya unakI Ayu 71 varSa 6 mAsa aura 18 divasa kI thI / mahAvIra - nirvANa kAla ke viSaya meM prAcIna jainoM ne kisI saMdeha, zaMkA yA anizcaya ke lie koI avakAza nahIM chodd'aa| vartamAna meM bhI sabhI jainIjana sarvatra mahAvIra nirvANa samvat kA pravartana IsApUrva 527 meM 6 - siddhArthanRpatitanayo bhAratavAsye videhakuNDapure / devyA priyakAriNyAM susvapnAt sapradazya vibhuH / dazabhakti, pR0 116 7 - dekhiye nizyAvaliyA:, pR0 27; eka zvetAmbara anuzruti ke anusAra trizalA ceTaka kI bhaginI thI / 8-DA0 bUlacandakRta mahAvIra, (jai0 saM0 sa0 maMDala, vArANasI 1953), pR0 12-13; inake atirikta, kaliMganareza jitazatru mahAvIra ke phUphA the / 9- bha0 mahAvIra ne kina-kina grAmoM, nagaroM evaM deza-pradezoM meM vihAra kiyA, isakA varNana jinasenakRta 'harivaMzapurANa' (783 I0), vijayendrasUrikRta vIra vihAra mImAMsA' (dillI, 1946), jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, bhAga 12, ki0 1, pR0 16-22 Adi meM dekheM / 10 - sekreDa buksa Apha dI IsTa, jilda 22 aura 45 kI prastAvanAe~ / 11- padmavanadIrghikA kula vividhadrumakhaNDa maNDite ramye pAvAnagarodyAne vyutsargeNasthitaH sa muni: / / 16 / / kAttika kRSNAsyAnte svAtAvRkSe nihatya karmarajaH / avazeSa saMprApada vyajarAmaramakSaya saukhyama ||17|| -- pUjyapAdIya nirvANabhakti kramAtpAvApuraM prApya manohara vanAntare / bahUnAM sarasAMmadhye mahAmaNi- zilAtale / / kRSNa kArtika pakSasya caturdazyAM nizAtyaye / svAtiyoge ............. -- guNabhadrIya uttarapurANa pAvApurasya bahirunnata bhUmi deze padmotpalAkulavatAM sarasAM hi madhye ........ -- bhacaSNakRta vardhamAna purANa
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________________ 44 ] hA mAnate haiM, aura isI rUpa meM cirakAla se usakA upayoga karate A raheM haiN| jainetara vidvAnoM ne bhI sAmAnyatayA usI tithi ko mAnya kara liyA hai, kiMtu unameM se kaI eka ne usa para gambhIra ApattiyAM bhI kI haiM aura use paryApta vivAdAspada bhI banA diyaa| tadviSayaka vibhinna matoM ko sthUlatayA tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-(ka) una vidvAnoM ke mata jo pracalita nirvANa varSa meM vRddhi ke pakSapAtI haiM aura use I0pU0 527 se allAdhika pUrva sthira karate haiM / (kha) ve vidvAna jo usameM kamI karake use dazakoM Age khIMca lAte haiN| aura (ga) ve jo IsApUrva 527 kI tithi kA hI pakSasAdhana karate haiN| prathama varga meM (1) ema ke. AcArya12 aura DA. pI. esa. zAstrI13 jaise vidvAna haiM jo hindU paurANika anuvatiyoM tathA varAhamihira Adi jyotividoM kI gaNanA ke AdhAra para mahAbhArata yuddha, yudhiSThara kA samaya aura kali samvat kA pravartana IsA se lagabhaga tIna sahasra varSa pUrva mAnakara buddha aura mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI sAdhika eka sahastra varSa kI vRddhi karane ke pakSa meM haiN| kintu aisI mAnyatAe~ zuddha aitihAsika dRSTi se mAnya nahIM haiM, ataeva una para vicAra karane kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| (2) maisUra ke AsthAna vidvAna paM0 e. zAntirAja zAstrI ne mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 605 varSa pazcAta hone vAle zakarAja kA samIkaraNa vikrama (I0pa057) ke sAtha karake nirvANakAla meM 135 varSa kI vRddhi karane aura use IsApUrva 662 meM huA mAnane kA pakSa sAdhana kiyaa| tadanantara kucha anya paMDita bhI jaba-taba usakA samarthana karate rahe haiN| kintu yaha mAnyatA eka bhrAntimUlaka ullekha para AdhArita hai, usake pakSa meM yukti aura pramANa kA koI bala nahIM hai, aura kaI bAra usakA saphala nirasana kiyA jA cukA hai|14 (3) tIsarA mata sva. DA0 kAziprasAda jAyasavAla kA hai jo mahAvIra-nirvANa IsApUrva 545 meM sthira karate haiN| unakA mukhya tarka yaha thA, kyoMki jaina paTTAvAliyoM ke anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama ke janma se 470 varSa pUrva huA thA aura vikrama samvata kA prArambha 18 varSa kI vaya meM, I0 pU0 57 meM, vikrama ke rAjyAbhiSeka se haA thA, nirvANa varSa meM 18 varSa kI vRddhi karake use I0pU0 545 meM huA mAnanA caahie| usake samarthana meM unakA eka tarka yaha thA ki katipaya anya paTTAvaliyoM meM mahAvIra-nirvANa aura candra gapta maurya ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke madhya 219 varSa kA antarAla diyA huA hai, aura yaha nareza navambara 325 I0pa0 meM siMhAsanAsIna huA thaa| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra se nirmita apanI kAlAnukramaNikA kI unhoMne hindU paurANika 12-a0 bhA0 prAcyavidyA sammelana vivaraNikA (pUnA, 1919), pR. 111-114 13-vaho (lakhanaU, 1951), pR0 125 14--zAstrI jI kA mUla saMskRta lekha 'jaina gajaTa' ke 1941 ke divAlI aMka meM prakAzita huA thA, jisakA anuvAda 'anekAnta' va0 4 ki0 10 ke pR0 559 para prakAzita huA thaa| paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra ne usa lekha kA yukti purassara khaNDana 'anekAMta' ke usI aMka ma kara diyA thaa| usake pazcAt bhI jaba kucha vidvAnoM ne usa prazna ko punaH uThAyA to hamane tathA paM0 ke0 bhujabali zAstrI ne apane lekhoM (zodhAMka-5-akTUbara 1959, pR0 172-176 tathA 169-171) dvArA usakA nirasana kara diyA thaa|
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________________ [ 45 anuzrutiyoM ke sAtha saMgati baiThAne kA bhI prayatna kiyA, buddha kA nirvANa IsA pUrva 544 meM sthira kiyA aura vikrama ko gautamIputra zAtakaNi ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI sAtavAhanavaMzI nareza pulumAyi pra0 se abhinna rahA btaayaa| DA0 jAyasavAla ke mata kA pradhAna doSa yaha hai ki unhoMne jaina sAdhana-srotoM kA AMzika upayoga hI kiyA-vahIM taka jahA~ taka unase unake svayaM ke mata kI puSTi hotI thI, zeSa kI upekSA kara dii| jaina lekhakoM meM isa viSaya meM matabheda rahe ho sakate haiM ki vikrama ke jIvana kI kisa ghaTanA se vikrama samvat kI pravRtti huI, kinta isa viSaya meM ve pUrNatayA ekamata haiM ki vaha mahAvIra-nirvANa ke 470 varSa pazcAta huii| isake atirikta jAyasavAlajI yaha mAnakara cale haiM ki candragupta maurya I0 pU0 325 meM magadha ke siMhAsana para baiThA thA aura yaha ki buddha kA nirvANa I0pU0 544 meM huA thaa| inameM se prathama ghaTanA kI tithi abhI bhI vivAdAspada hai, aura dUsarI kI tithi to prAya: nizcita rUpa se I0pU0 483 meM sthira kara dI gaI hai| vikrama aura sAtavAhana nareza pUlamAyi kA abhinnatva bhI kisI ko mAnya nahIM hai| kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki ina parivartita paristhitiyoM meM mahAvIra-nirvANa-kAla ke viSaya meM jAyasavAlajI kA kyA mata rhtaa| (kha) mahAvIra-nirvANa-kAla meM kamI karane kA pakSa vartamAna meM paryApta bala pakar3e hue hai--Adhunika vidvAnoM meM se anekoM kA jhukAva use IsApUrva 5 vIM zatI meM rakhane kI ora hai| unake tarka kA mUlAdhAra yaha hai ki kyoMki mahAvIra aura buddha prAya: samasAmayika the aura buddha kA nirvANa IsApUrva 483 meM nizcita hotA hai, ataeva mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha ke nirvANa se lagabhaga AMdhI zatI pUrva nahIM huA ho sktaa| dUsarI ora pratyakSataH prabalatara parikalpanA yUnAnI itihAsa ke sAtha samIkaraNa para AdhArita candragupta maurya kI tithiyA~ haiM jinake sAtha mahAvIra nirvANakAla kI saMgati baiThAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| astu, (1) esa. vI. veGkaTezvara ne mahAvIra nirvANa kI tithi IsApUrva 437 anumAna kii| unakA kahanA hai ki kyoMki buddha kA nirvANa IsApUrva 485 aura 453 ke madhya kisI samaya huA thA, aura vaha mahAvIranirvANa ke pazcAta huA nahIM ho sakatA, ataeva anuzrutigamya vikramapUrva 470 kA abhiprAya san 33 I0 meM pravattita ananda-vikrama samvat se honA cAhie, jisake anusAra I0 pU0 437 kI tithi prApta hotI hai / 16 kintu isa mata kI puSTi kisI bhI anuzruti yA anya AdhArase nahIM hotii| pratyuta isake sva0 DA. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ne ananda-vikrama sambat kI kalpanA viSayaka apane lekha meM17 yaha siddha kiyA hai ki isa I samvata kabhI prArambha hI nahI huA aura na pracalita ra: aura na hI candabaradAI ke pRthvIrAja rAsoM meM usakA koI ullekha hai-zrI veGkaTezvara ne pRthvIrAja rAso ke tathAkathita ullekha ke AdhAra para hI apanA mata banAyA thaa| (2) pro0 jAla zArapenTiyara ne mahAvIra-nirvANa I0 pU0 467 meM sthira kiyA / vaha isa parikalpanA ko lekara cale haiM ki buddha-nirvANa kI sunizcita tithi I0 pU0 477 hai, aura yaha ki bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra mahAvIra aura buddha samasAmayika the tathA magadha nareza ajAtazatra ke zAsanakAla meM vidyamAna the| 15--'zaizunAka eNDa maurya kAnolAjI'--jarnala bihAra-ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI, vA0 1, pArTa 1, pR.99-104 16--dI DeTa Apha vartamAna--jarnala rAyala e. so, 1917, pR0 122-130 17--dekhie-nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, bhA0 1, pR0 377-454
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________________ kA vizvAsa hai ki I0 pU0 57 ke Asa-pAsa vikrama nAma kA koI vyakti huA hI nahIM, aura yaha ki mahAvIra nirvANa evaM candragupta maurya ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke antarAla ke sambandha meM anya jaina anuzrutiyoM aura hemacandrAcArya ke kayana ke bIca 60 varSa kA matabheda yA antara hai| hemacandra kA kathana hai ki candragupta maurya mahAvIra nirvANa ke 155 varSa pazcAta siMhAsana para baiThA thA, ataeva prarcAta I0pU0 527 meM se 60 varSa ghaTAne para I0 pU0 467 kI tithi nizcita hotI hai / 18 isa vidvAna ke tarka meM sabase bar3A doSa yaha hai ki usane jaina anuzrutiyoM evaM sAdhanasrotoM kI prAyaH pUrNatayA upekSA kI hai, sivAya isake ki nirvANakAla ko 60 varSa Age le Ane ke lie use bhI eka sAdhana banA liyaa| (3) DA0 nIlakaNTha zAstrI kA bhI yahI mata hai aura usakI puSTi meM unhoMne prAyaH vahI tarka diye haiM jisakA prayoga zAlapenTiyara ne kiyA hai, parantu unhoMne yaha bhI anubhava kiyA ki isa mata ke mAnane meM do bAdhAeM haiM-eka to yaha ki isake anusAra candra gupta maurya kA rAjyArohaNa I0 pU0 312 meM ThaharAtA hai, jo bahumAnya tithi se 9 yA 12 varSa paravartI haiM, dUsare isase buddha kA nirvANa mahAvIra ke pahale nizcita hotA hai / pahalI bAdhA kA samAdhAna to vaha yaha kahakara kara lete haiM ki hemacandra dvArA pradatta candragupta kI tithi (312I0pU0) jaina itihAsa kI kisI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA se sambandhita hogI jo candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa ke ati nikaTa hone se usake sAtha sambaddha kara dI gii| dUsarI bAdhA ko unhoMne yaha kaha kara TAla diyA ki bauddha pAli granthoM ke ukta ekAkI kathana (buddha ke jIvana kAla meM mahAvIra-nirmANa sambandhI) kI upekSA kI jA sakatI hai-yaha ayathArtha ho sakatA hai / 19 (4) DA. hemacandra rAya caudharI mahAvIra-nirvANa ke lie tIna tithiyoM, IsApUrva 478 yA 486 aura 536 kI sambhAvanA vyakta karate haiM, kramaza: yadi buddha nirvANa kI tithi kainTonI (cInI) gaNanA ke anusAra I0pU0 486 svIkAra kI jAtI hai, athavA siMhalI gaNanAnusAra I0 pU0 544 mAnya kI jAtI hai| varSa 478 aura 486 meM se prathama to hemacandrAcArya ke kathanAnusAra candragupta ke rAjyAbhiSeka ko, jo I0pU0 323 meM haA, mahAvIra nirvANa se 155 varSa pazcAta huA mAnane se nizcita hotI hai, kintu use karane se bauddha granthoM ke usa spaSTa kathana ko amAnya karanA hogA jisake anusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa baddha ke jIvanakAla meM ho gayA thaa| ataH adhika sambhAvanA I0 pU0 486 ke lagabhaga mahAvIra kA nirvANa hone kI hai, jisakI saMgati jaina evaM bauddha anuzrutiyoM meM sammata ajAtazatra ke rAjyAbhiSeka kI tithi ke sAtha baiTha jAtI hai 120 (5) pro0 caraNadAsa caTarjI bhI I0 pU0 486 kI tithi ke pakSa meM haiM, kyoMki buddha nirvANa kI tithi I0 pU0 483 sunizcita hai aura bauddha anuzruti ke spaSTa sAkSyAnusAra mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha ke nirvANa se pUrva huA thaa| 21 18--i. e., bhAga 43 jUna-jo0-aga0 1914, pR0 11 Adi, tathA dI kaimbrija hisTarI Apha iNDiyA, khaNDa, 1, pR0 156 19-hisTarI Apha iNDiyA (madrAsa; 1950), bhA0 1, pR0 39-40 20-ena eDavAnsDa hisTarI Apha iNDiyA, pR073 21-bI. sI. lA vAlyUma, kha0 1, pR. 606, 607 tathA phu0 noTa30
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________________ [ 47 (6) pro0 eca0 sI0 seTha mahAvIra nirvANa kI tithi I0 pU0 458 aura buddha nirvANa kI I0 pU0 487 mAnate haiN| kAlakrama sambandhI digambara evaM zvetAmbara anudha tiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se unakI dhAraNA hai ki unhoMne 40 varSa kA aisA antara pakar3a liyA hai jise mahAvIra aura vikrama ke bIca tathAkathita 470 varSa ke antarAla meM se ghaTA denA cAhiye 122 (ga) tIsare varga meM una vidvAnoM ke mata Ate pramANasiddha mAnate haiM, athavA usakA samarthana karate haiN| use I0 pU0 526 yA 528 bhI kaha dete haiN| (1) svargIya ema. govinda ne barmA kI bauddha anuzrutiyoM ko AdhAra banAkara buddha kI bodhi prApti kI tithi I0 pU0 546 aura unake parinirvANa kI nidhi I0 pU0 501 nizcita kI thii| vaha isa bauddha anuzruti ko mAnya karate the ki mahAvIra buddha ke jyeSTha samakAlIna the, ataeva unake anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa kI tithi IsApUrva 546 ora 501 ke madhya rahI honI cAhie tathA yaha ki IsApUrva 527 kI tithi hI sarvAdhika sambhava pratIta hotI hai 1 23 kha - 3 haiM jo paramparAmAnya tithi, jo paramparAmAnya tithi arthAt IsApUrva 527 ko hI gaNanA ke sAdhAraNa se antara ke kAraNa koI-koI vidvAna (2) sva0 AcArya jugala kizora mukhtAra ne I0 pU0 527 kI paramparAmAmya tithi kA hI samarthana kiyA hai / unhoMne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki kathita vikrama samvat kA prArambha na to vikrama ke janma se huA aura na usake rAjyAbhiSeka se, varan usakI mRtyu ke sAtha huA thA, ataeva mahAvIra nirvANa aura vikrama samvat ke pravartanakAla ke madhya jo 470 varSa kA paramparAnumodita antarAla hai, usameM koI bhI vRddhi yA hAni karane kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| isa prakAra unhoMne jArla zArapenTiyara aura kAziprasAda jAyasavAla, donoM ke matoM kA nirasana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unakA yaha bhI vizvAsa thA ki buddha kA nirvANa mahAvIra ke nirvANa se sAta yA ATha varSa pUrva ho cukA thA 24 vaha zaka samvat kI pravRtti bhI zakarAjA kI mRtyu ke samaya se mAnate the / aba yadi vikrama aura zaka samvatoM kI pravRtti ukta rAjAoM kI mRtyu ke sthAna meM unake jIvana kI kisI anya ghaTanA ke sAtha huI siddha ho jAtI hai to mukhtAra sAhaba kyA kahate nahIM kahA jA sktaa| idhara Adhunika vidvAnoM ne buddhanirvANa kI tithi I0 pU0 483 prAya: sunizcita kara dI hai| usake pariprekSya meM bhI mustAra sAhaba apane mata meM kucha saMzodhana karate yA nahIM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ne bhI prAyaH mustAra sAhaba jaisI yuktiyoM se I0 pU0 527 kI tithi kA samarthana kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha mAnakara ki vikrama kA janma mahAvIra nirvANa ke 410 rAjya karane ke uparAnta mahAvIra nirvANa samvat 470 meM usakI mRtyu huI hogI, sAdhane kA prayatna kiyA hai / 25 kintu unake mata ke sAtha bhI mukhtAra sAhaba jaisI Apatti banI rahatI hai| 22 - jenA enTIkverI bhA0 11, na0 1 0 6 Adi 23 - prabuddha karNATaka ( maisUra vi0 vi0) meM prakAzita buddha ke parinirvANa kI tithi viSayaka unakA lekha 24- bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya dillI, 1934 varSa pazcAt huA aura 60 varSa AcArya hemacandra ke sAkSya ko 1 25 SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavala) I, I i prastAvanA tathA nAgapura vi0 vi0 ke jarnala (1940 pR0 52-53 ) meM prakAzita mahAvIra nirvANa tithi viSayaka unakA lekha kAlAntara meM unhoMne apane mata evaM pratipAdana meM katipaya saMzodhana kiye haiM aura I0 pU0 527 kI tithi ko hI mAnya kiyA hai- dekhie vIra jidi cariu ( bhA0 jJA0 pI0 1974 ) kI prastAvanA tathA 'mahAvIra yuga aura jIvana darzana' (bhA0 jJA0 pI0 1975) / DA0 e. ena. upAdhye ne bhI unake antima mata me sahamati prakaTa kI haiN|
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________________ 48 ] khaNDa-3 (3) isI prakAra paMnyAsa muni kalyANavijayajI ne mahAvIra nirvANa ko tithi IsApUrva 528 nizcita kI hai aura unakI mAnyatA hai ki buddha kA nirvANa usake pUrva hI, I0 pU0 542 meM ho cukA thA 126 vastutaH do cAra apavAdoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI jaina vidvAna27 aura jainetara vidvAnoM meM se aneka mahAvIra nirvANa I0 pU0 527 meM hI haA mAnate haiN| Upara tInoM vargoM ke antargata jina vibhinna matoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, aura jinameM paraspara bahudhA paryApta antara haiM, unameM prakRta viSaya se sambandhita prAyaH saba hI ullekhanIya mata samAhita ho jAte haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki adhikAMzataH ye saba hI mata kinhIM pUrva nirdhArita dhAraNAoM, ayuktika mAnyatAoM, vizvAsoM yA anumAnoM kA AdhAra lekara cale haiM aura anta:sAkSyoM kI apekSA bAhya sAkSyoM para mukhyatayA nirbhara karate haiM / aba yadi mahAvIra ke samaya kA nirNaya karane kA prayatna mukhyatayA buddha kI tithi ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai, jo svayaM abhI bhI paryApta vivAdagrasta hai, athavA yUnAnI (senDrokoTasa-candragupta-sikandara) samIkaraNa ke AdhAra se kiyA jAtA hai. jabaki ukta samIkaraNa bhI parNatayA asaMdigdha rUpa se siddha nahIM hai. to prastata samasyA ke sAtha samucita nyAya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, vizeSakara aisI sthiti meM jabaki mahAvIra athavA buddha ke nirvANakAla aura candragupta maurya ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke madhya rahe antarAla ke viSaya meM jainoM, bauddhoM aura brAhmaNoM kI vibhinna anuzrutiyA~ ekamata nahIM haiN| ataeva AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki mahAvIra kA samaya apekSAkRta adhika Thosa evaM aparivartanIya tathyoM ke AdhAra para svataMtra rUpa se nizcita kiyA jAya, aura taduparAnta ho anya anuzrutiyoM evaM itihAsasiddha tathyoM ke sAtha usakA yathAsambhava samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA jAya / bhAratIya itihAsa ke prAcIna yuga meM jo aneka saMvat samaya-samaya para pracalita hue, unameM se vikrama aura zaka nAma ke do saMvata hI sarvAdhika lokapriya evaM vyApaka pracAraprApta rahe haiM aura Aja bhI pracalita haiN| isa viSaya meM aneka matabheda raheM haiM ki unakI pravRtti kaise huI athavA unake pravartana kA zreya kise hai, kintu yaha sarvamAnya tathya hai ki vikramasaMvat kA prArambha IsApUrva 57 meM aura zaka (yA zaka-zAlivAhana) saMvata kA 78 I0 meM huA thA, aura una donoM ke madhya 135 varSa kA antarAla hai| sAhitya evaM zilAlekhoM meM ina donoM saMvatoM ke prayoga kI khoja yadi vartamAna se lekara pIche kI ora karate caleM to unake pravartana kI prAyaH prArambhika zatAbdiyoM taka unake uparokta pArasparika sambandha tathA anya jJAta kAlagaNanAoM ke sAtha bhI unake saMbandhoM kI ekarUpatA sahaja hI siddha kI jA sakatI hai / 26-vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA-nA0 pra0 patrikA, bhA0 10, saM0 1986, pRSTha 585745 27-sva. bA. kAmatAprasAda jaina ne apanI pustaka 'bhagavAna mahAvIra (dillI, 5951) meM tathA muni vidyAnanra / jI (tIthaMkara vardhamAna, indaura 1973, pR074-78) aura DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ('bhagavAna mahAvIra auda unakI AcArya paramparA,' vArANasI, 1975) ne bhI isa prazna para kiMcita UhApoha kiyA hai| DA0 muni nagarAja jI ne to 'Agama aura tripiTaka: eka anazIlana' tathA 'mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA' (dillI, 1971) meM paryApta vistAra ke sAtha isa sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai aura yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki 'mahAvIra nirvANa kA asaMdigdha samaya I0pU0 527 hai tathA mahAvIra buddha se vayovRddha aura pUrva nirvANa prApta the / ' yahI niSkarSa hama bahuta pahale nikAla cuke the, kintu lagatA hai, ki muni jI hamArI pustaka nahIM dekha paaye| DA. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI (hisTrI eNDa kalcara Apha iNDiyana pIpala, bhA. 2, pR0 36-38) bhI paramparA tithi 528 I0pa0 ko svIkAra karane meM koI visaMgati nahIM dekhte|
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________________ kha-3 [ 49 dasavIM zatI ke uparAnta to aise dRSTAnta bahulatA se prApta hote haiM, kintu usake pUrva bhI gurjara pratihAra nareza bhojadeva ke devagar3ha sthiti 862 I0 ke janastambha-lekha meM ukta mAnastambha kI pratiSThA kA samaya vikrama saMvata 919 aura zakasaMvata 784 sAtha-sAtha diyA hai, jo isa prakAra kA sambhavatayA sarvaprathama zilAlekhIya udAharaNa hai / 28 AThavIM zatI I0 meM, svAmI vIrasena ne apanI dhavalA TIkA vikramasaMvat 838 (san 780 I0 ) meM samApta kI thI aura unakA ullekha jinasenasUri punnATa ne apane harivaMza purANa meM kiyA hai, jisakI samApti kA kAla svayaM unhoMne zakasavat 705 (san 783 I0 ) diyA hai| ina donoM granthakAroM ne kaI tatkAlIna narezoM kA bhI nAmollekha kiyA hai, jinake samaya prAya: sunizcita ho gaye haiM aura uparokta tithiyoM se samIkRta haiM 129 sAtavIM zatI meM kannauja ke samrATa harSavardhana (606-647), cInI yAtrI yuvAna-cvAMga (629-644I0), dakSiNApatha ke cAlukya samrATa pulakezina dvitIya (608-642 I. ) aura phArasa (IrAna) ke zAha khusaro dvitIya (625626 I.) kI samasAmayikatA itihAsa-siddha hai| yuvAna-cvAMga harSa aura pulakezina, donoM samrAToM ke samparka meM AyA thA, pulakezina aura zAha khusarone rAjadUtoM kA AdAna-pradAna kiyA thA, harSa aura pulakezina prabala pratidvandvI the-unake madhya yuddha bhI hue the, aura jaina vidvAna ravikIrti ne zaka 556 (san 634 I0) meM pulakezina kI prasiddha aihola prazasti racI thii| jainAcArya jina-bhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne apanA vibeSAvazyaka bhASya zaka 531 (609I0) meM, jinadAsa mahattara ne apanI cUNiyAM zaka 598 (san 676 I0) meM aura raviSeNa ne apanA padmacarita mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 1203 (san 676I0) meM pUrNa kiye the / akalaGkadeva ne bauddha vidvAnoM para vi0 saM0 700 (san 643 I0 ) 30 meM vAda-vijaya kI batAI jAtI hai| ye samasta vidvAna prAyaH samasAmayika the aura pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se paraspara sambaddha bhI rahe pratIta hote haiM / saMyoga se isa bahuvidha samIkaraNa kI puSTi cInI, IrAnI, uttara bhAratIya, dakSiNa bhAratIya, bauddha, brAhmaNa, digambara, zvetAmbara, zilAlekhIya evaM sAhityika jaise vibhinna srotoM se ho jAtI hai| sAtha hI, usa kAla meM mahAvIra, vikrama aura zaka, tInoM hI saMvatoM kA prayoga bhI huA milatA hai aura yaha sunizcita rUpa se pramANita ho jAtA hai ki 7vIM zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga bhI ina tInoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM evaM pravartanakAloM (kramazaH IsApUrva 527, I0 pU0 57 aura IsvI 78) ke viSaya meM vahI mAnyatA thI jo Aja bhI hai| usake pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM se sambandhita bhI katipaya aise dRSTAnta prApta ho jAte haiM, kintu na unakA rUpa hI utanA sunizcita hai aura na unake AdhAra hI utane Thosa haiM / sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI hai ki uparokta niSkarSoM ko sunizcita rUpa se asiddha karane vAlA bhI koI daSTAnta abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA hai| 28-epI0 iNDi0, bhA0 4, na0 44, pR0 309-31.. 29-dekhie jyo. pra. jaina-jainA soseja Apha dI hisTarI oNpha enzaMTa iNDiyA, (dillI 1964) adhyAya, 10 30-matAntara se vi0 saM0 777 % sana 720 I0
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________________ 50 ] uparokta kAlagaNanAoM meM se zaka samvat kA prayoga usake prArambha se lagabhaga 135 varSa paryanta to mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM tathA usakI cauthI zatI ke anta paryanta pazcimI kSatrapa narezoM ke abhilekhoM meM prApta hotA hai, aura prAyaH dUsarI zatI se hI dakSiNApatha, sudUra dakSiNa tathA sudUra pUrva ke kAmbuja, campA, suvarNadvIpa Adi bhAratIya rAjyoM meM hone lagA thaa| prAyadvIpa ke jaina guruoM aura granthakAroM ne bhI isI samvat kA sarvAdhika upayoga kiyaa| isa viSaya meM bhI koI sandeha nahIM hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM sAmAnyatayA aura vahAM ke jainoM dvArA vizeSarUpa se prayukta yaha lokapriya zaka samvat, jo bahudhA zaka-zAlivAhana bhI kahalAtA hai, san 78 i. meM prArambha huA thaa| isI prakAra uttarI bhArata meM, vizeSakara mAlavA, gujarAta, madhyabhArata aura rAjasthAna meM vikrama saMvata adhika pracalita evaM lokapriya huaa| ina pradezoM ke nivAsI janoM ne bhI use hI apanI kAlagaNanAoM kA AdhAra banAyA, aura unhoMne isa viSaya meM kabhI koI samdeha nahIM kiyA ki isa saMvat kA pravartana IsApUrva 57 meM huA thaa| tatsambandhI anuthati ko bhI unhoMne abhrAnta rUpa meM surakSita rkhaa| jaina lekhakoM ne jaba kabhI yA jahAM kahIM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kI sUcanA dI to sIdhe mahAvIra nirvANa samvat meM dI, athavA zaka yA vikrama samvat ke AdhAra se dI / vibhinna dezoM (tibbata, siMhala, barmA, cIna Adi) ke bauddhoM meM to bhagavAna buddha ke sambandha meM paraspara spaSTa matabheda rahe, kintu tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya ke sambandha meM svayaM jainoM meM koI matabheda nahIM huaa| ve bhAratavarSa meM hI sImita rahe yadyapi deza ke kone-kone meM phaila gaye aura saMghabhedoM, sampradAya bhedoM Adi ke hote rahate bhI tathA pradeza vizeSoM meM sampradAya vizeSoM ko bahalatA yA pradhAnatA rahate hue bhI, unameM pArasparika samparka barAbara bane rahe, sthAna kI dUrI yA sampradAyabheda usameM bAdhaka nahIM hue| isake atirikta, jainoM ne jina do atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM maulika anuzrutiyoM ko ullekhanIya lagana evaM mataikya ke sAtha surakSita rakkhA hai, ve zrutAvatAra (AgamoM kI saMkalanA evaM pustakIkaraNa ) tathA 'kalki' se sambandhita haiN| inameM se prathama anuzruti mahAvIra nirvANa ke uparAnta 683 varSa paryanta kI avicchinna AcArya paramparA pradAna karatI hai, aura sAtha hI yaha bhI sUcita karatI hai ki bhagavAna kI dvAdazAGgavANI-rUpI mUla AgamajJAna (zrutAgama) maukhika dvAra se guru paramparA meM kisa prakAra isa avadhi paryanta surakSita rahA AyA yadyapi usameM zanaiH zanaiH kramaza: hAsa bhI hotA rahA thA, aura antataH kisa prakAra tatkAlIna AcArya tadAvaziSTa AgamajJAna kA pustakIkaraNa karane ke liye sahamata he| dUsarI anuzruti kalki se sambandhita hai jo mahAvIra nirvANa ke prathama sahastrAbda ke anta ke lagabhaga huA / 31 isI prasaMga meM uttara bhArata, vizeSakara ujjayinI meM kramaza: zAsana karane vAle rAjyavaMzoM kI 31-evaM vassa sahasse puha cakkI havei ikkeko -tiloyapaNNatti
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________________ [ 51 kAlAnukramaNikA bhI ukta sahastrAbda ko de dI jAtI hai, jisakA anta kalki ke atyAcArI zAsana ke sAtha huA / prathama anuzruti to jaina sAhitya evaM jainasaMgha ke itihAsa kI mUlabhitti hai / ise AdhAra banAkara hama IsvI san kI prAthamika cAra-pAMca zatAbdiyoM meM hue pramukha jaina AcAryoM evaM granthakAroM ke krama ko tathA unake samaya ko santoSapradarUpa meM nirdhArita kara sakate haiN| vizeSakara digambara AmnAya ke prAyaH sabhI saMgha - gaNa gaccha Adi ke itivRttoM kA mUlAdhAra bhI yahI anuzruti hai / ye saMgha-gaNa- gaccha Adi apanI-apanI paTTAvaliyA~ yA gurvAvaliyA~ uparokta mahAvIra nirvANa varSa 683 se hI prAyaH prAraMbha karate haiM, aura sAtha hI ukta 683 varSa kI AcAryaparaMparA apanI-apanI paTTAvaliyoM ke prArambha meM prAya: usI rUpa meM nibaddha kara dete hai jisameM ki vaha anuzruti se sambandhita anya aneka sAdhana srotoM meM prApta hotI hai / svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya ke saMketa bhI unameM bahudhA prApta hote haiM / kha - 3 astu, vikrama samvat 838 (san 780 I0) meM samApta apanI dhavalA TIkA meM svAmI vIrasena ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uparAnta hone vAle 28 AcAryoM kI paramparA dI hai, jise unhoMne pAMca samUhoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| aura sAtha hI pratyeka samUha kA pUrA kAla bhI nirdezita kara diyA hai tathA anta meM yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki 'uparokta 683 varSa meM se 77 varSa 7 mAsa ghaTAne se 605 varSa 5 mAsa zeSa rahate haiM jo usa antarAla ke dyotaka haiM jo mahAvIra nirvANa aura zaka samvat ke pravartanakAla ke madhya rahA thA / ' apane kathana ke samarthana meM unhoMne eka prAcInatara gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai jisakA Azaya hai ki pracalita zakavarSa meM 605 varSa 5 mAsa jor3ane se vartamAna mahAvIra nirvANa varSa nikala AtA hai 1 32. muktigate mahAvIre prativarSa sahasrakam / ekaiko jAyate kalkI jinadharma virodhakaH / idi paDi sahassavassaM vIre kakkINadikkame carimo / jalamaMthaNo bhavissadikakkI samyaggamatthaNao // -tiloyasAra (973 I0 ) titthogAlIpayannA, dIpamAlAkalpa, kAlasaptati Adi zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI isI Azaya ke kathana pAye jAte haiM / avaNI 32- savvakAla samAso teyAsIdiahiya chassadametto (683), puNe ettha sattamAsAhiya sattahattarivAsesu (77-7) paMcamAsAhiyapaMcattara chassadavAsANi ( 605-5 ) havaMti / eso vIra jiNiNivvANagada divasAdo jAva sagakAla sabhAdI hodi, tAvadiyakAlo, kudo ? edammikAle sagaNaridakAlassa pakkhitte vaDDhamANajiNa vidakAlagamaNAdo | - harivaMza (783 I0 ) vRttaM ca-paMca ya mAsA paMca yA vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasayA / sagakAlena ya sahiyA thAveyavvo tado rAsI // - jaina siddhAMta bhavana ArA kI prati, pR0 537
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________________ 52 ] kha-3 aisI hI gAthAtityo-gAlI-payannA nAmaka prAcIna zvetAmbara Agamika racanA meM pAI jAtI hai 133 prathama paMkti donoM meM samAna hai, dUsarI paMkti bhinna hai, kintu ukta pAThabheda se gAthA ke Azaya meM koI antara nahIM aataa| 'upapanno sagorAyA' (zaka-rAja utpanna huA ) kA phalitArtha yahI hai ki 'zaka saMvat kI pravRtti huI' / yativRSabha (lagabhaga 176 I.) ne isa anuzruti ko sarvaprathama lekhabaddha kiyA pratIta hotA hai / 34 tadanantara jinasena (783 I0), 35 nemicandra (973 I0),36 merutuMga (1306 I0) 37 Adi paravartI vidvAnoM ne usakI punarAvRtti kii| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki zaka saMvat kI prAyaH prathama zatI se hI digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI isa viSaya meM pUrNatayA ekamata rahate Aye haiM ki mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat aura zaka saMvat ke pravartanakAloM ke madhya 605 varSa 5 mAsa kA antarAla thA, sAtha hI yaha bhI ki ukta zaka saMvat san 78 I0 meM prArambha huA thA, jisase siddha hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa 17 meM huA thaa| eka dUsare varga kI anuzru ti vikrama saMvat ke adhAra se mahAvIra kA samaya sUcita karatI hai / digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM prAyaH sarva prAcIna, nandisaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvali, prAcInatA meM prAyaH usI ke samakakSa zvetAmbara tapAgaccha paTTAvali, tathA haribhadrIya AvazyakavRtti (lagabhaga 775 I0), tIrthodAraprakaraNa evaM kaI anya grantha 33--paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsAchacceva hoMti vaassyaa| pariNivvu assaarahaMto to upapanno sagorAyA / -paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 537 muni kalyANavijayajI ne apane pUrvokta nibandha meM bhI isa payannA ko uddhRta kiyA hai| 34-NivvANe vIrajiNe chanvAsasadesu paMcavariseSu / paNamAsesu gadeSu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA // __ -tiloyapaNNati, IV, 1499. 35--varSANAM SaTzatIM tyaktvA paMcAgrAM mAsa paMcakam / muktigate mahAvIre zakarAjastato'bhavat / / -harivazaM, a060, zlo0 549 36--paNachassaya vassaM paNamAsajudaM gamiyavIra nnivvuido| sagarAjo to kakkI caduNavatiya ehiya sagamAsaM / / -tiloyasAra, gA0 850 37--zrI vIra nivRtervaSaH SaDbhiH paMcottaraiH zataiH / zAka saMvatsarasyaiSAM pravRttibharate'bhavat // -vicArazreNI vastuta: mehatuGga ne kisI pUrvavartI racanA se yaha padya udhdRta kiyA hai /
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________________ ekamata se yaha pratipAdana karate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke pravartana se 470 varSa pUrva huA thA / 38 inameM se prathama AdhAra ko chor3akara zeSa saba mahAvIrottara kAla kI rAjyakAla gaNanA prAya: abhinna rUpa se dete hue anta meM yaha kathana karate haiM ki ujjayinI meM caturvarSIya zakazAsana ke uparAnta mahAvIra nirvANa varSa 470 meM vikramAditya kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA thaa| kaI jaina lekhakoM ne to svayaM apane samaya kI sUcanA dete hue yaha suspaSTa kara diyA ki jisa vikrama saMvat kA pracalana hai aura jisakA vaha svayaM prayoga kara raheM haiM vaha vahI hai jisakA prArambha mahAvIra nirvANa ke 470 varSa pazcAta huA thaa| 39 aura kyoMki isa viSaya meM koi sandeha - - 38-- sattari candusadajuttotiNakAlA vikkamo havaIjammo-naMdisaMgha kI prA0 paTTAvalI kA vikramaprabandha, jaina sidhdAnta bhAskara, I, 4, pR. 75 tadrAjyaMtu zrI vIrAta saptati varSazatacatuSTaye saMjAtam-tapAgaccha paTTAvalI (SaTakhaMDAgama, I, 1, i, pR0 33--prastAvanA meM uddhRta) itaH zrI vikramAdityaH zAstyavantI narAdhipaH / anuNa pRthivIkurvana pravartayati vatsaram ||--prbhaavk caritra vikkamaraMjjAraMbho purao sirivIra Nibbui bhnniyaa| sunna-muNi-beyajutto vikkmkaalaaujinnkaalo||-vicaarshrennii mahamukkhagamaNAo pAlayanandacandaguttAirAIsu volINesu / ca usaya sattarehi vAsehiM vikakmAicco rAyA hohI ||-vividhtiirth kalpa kA pAvApurIkalpa 39- varisANa samacaukke sattarijutto jiNeda vIrassa / gibbANa uvavaNNA vikkamakAlassa utpattI / vikkamaNivakAlAochAhattaradasasa esu varisANaM / mAhammi suddha pakhe dasamI divasammi saMtammi ||-Amera bhaMDAra kI 1456 I0 meM lipikRta vIrakavi dvArA vi. saM 1076 (san 1019 I0) meM racita jambUcaritra kAvya kI prazAstigata / / isI prakAra kannar3a grantha mAghanandi-zrAvakAcAra ke kartA ne apane grantha kI samApti kA samaya zaka 1975 (sana, 1253 I.) sUcita karate hue yaha batA diyA ki usake dvArA prayukta zaka samvat kI pravRtti mahAvIra nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAsa pazcAt huI thI, yaha ki unake samaya meM mahAvIra nirvANa varSa 1780vA cala rahA thA, AcArAMgadhAriyoM kI paramparA ko samApta hue (arthAta ma. saM. 683 se) 1097 varSa bIta cuke the aura paMcamakAla ke 21000 varSa meM se 19220 varSa zeSa the| spaSTa hai ki 12vIM zatAbdI meM bhI jainIjana mahAvIra nirvANa IsApUrva 527 meM huA nirvivAda rUpa se mAnate the| (dekhie-ke. bI. pAThaka kA lekha, iMDiyana enTIkverI, XII, pR0 21-22)
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________________ 54 ] kha - 3 nahIM thA ki ukta vikrama saMvat kA prArambha IsApUrva 57 meM huA thA, ataeva siddha hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa IsA pUrva 527 meM huA thA 140 isI tithi (IsApUrva 527 ) kI puSTi jaina paramparA meM hue mahAna saMpabheda se sambandhita anuzrutiyA~ bhI karatI haiN| zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha digambara zvetAmbara saMghabheda mahAvIra saMvat 609, arthAta IsvI san 82, meM huA thA, 41 aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra vikrama saMvat 136, arthAt IsvI san 79 meM huA thA / 2 balabhI nagarI meM AcArya devadvivaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA zvetAmbara paramparA sammata Agama-sUtroM ke pustakIkaraNa kI tithi mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 980, matAntara se 993, arthAt IsvI san 453 yA 466 mAnya kI jAtI hai| isa tithi kI satyatA meM zaMkA karane ke lie vizeSa avakAza nahIM hai, kyoMki ukta pustakArUr3ha AgamasUtroM para niyuktiyA~ racane vAle AvArya bhadrabAhu jo tannAma zrutakevali se bhinna evaM paryApta paravartI haiM, 40. 41. 42. 43. vastuta:, jaisA ki DA0 eDavarDa TAmasa kA kathana hai, 'jaina paramparA meM mahAvIra nirvANa kI asaMdigdha evaM sunizcita tithi surakSita rahI hai, jo digambara zvetAmbara ubhaya sampradAyoM ke apane-apane svatantra sAkSyoM se sunirNIta hai| donoM kI kAlagaNanA kI vidhi apanI-apanI svatantra aura eka dUsare se bhinna hone ke kAraNa ve vivakSita tathya kI doharI puSTi karate haiN| zvetAmbaroM ne IsApUrva 57 meM prArambha hue vikrama saMvat ko apanI kAla gaNanA kA AdhAra banAyA to digambaroM ne sana 78 I0 meM prArambha hue zaka saMvat ko, aura donoM hI isa abhinna niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki mahAvIra nirvANa IsApUrva 526-7 meM huA thA / ataeva isa tathya meM sandeha ke lie avakAza nahIM hai|" ( dekhie - inDiyana enTIkverI, bhAga 8, pRSTha 30-31) chavAsa savAI navastAI siddhigayassa vIrassa | to boDiyANa viTThI ravIrapure samupyamA // - Avazyaka mUlabhASya (609 I0) gA0 145 chattIsa vArisa vikkamarAyarasa maraNapastassa / soraThe balahIe uppaNNo sevaDo sebaDo saMghI // darzanasAra (saM0 990 ) dekhie, jyo0 pra0 jaina-dI jainA sorseja, pUrvokta, pR0 152 samaya sundara kRta samAcArIzataka meM yaha tithi ma0 ni0 saM0 950 dI hai, ma0ni0 saM0 993 kI tithi ke lie dekheM anekAnta, varSa 3, aMka 12, pRSTha 681-682
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________________ kha-3 [ 55 suprasiddha jyotiSI varAhamihira ke jyeSTha bhrAtA the aura varAhamihira kI sunizcita tithi zaka saMvat 427, arthAt 505 I0 hai 145 yativRSabhakRta 'tiloyapaNNati' ke anusAra zaka saMvat kI sarvaprathama pravRtti mahAvIra ni0 saM0 461 meM huI thI, aura anyatra hamane yaha sapramANa siddha kiyA hai ki ukta purAtana zaka saMvat kA prAraMbha IsApUrva 66 meM huA thA 146 isI tathA anya aneka granthoM meM pracalita zaka saMvata (tathAkathita zaka zAlivAhana) kA pravartana mahAvIra nirvANa ke 605 varSa 5 mAsa pazcAta huA batAyA hai, jo sarvamAnya mata ke anusAra IsvI san 78 nizcita hotA hai|47 harivaMzakAra jinasena (783 I0) bhI zaka saMvat ke prArambha kI isI tithi kA samarthana karate haiM, aura vaha usake tathA guptavaMza kI sthApanA ke madhya 242 varSa kA antara batAte haiN| gupta rAjya kI sthApana saMvat ke prarvatana kI itihAsa mAnya tithi 319-320 I0 hai, jisake sAtha ukta anuzruti kI saMgati ThIka-ThIka baiTha jAtI hai|48 prasiddha araba vidvAna ala-berUnI ke matAnusAra bhI uparokta antarAla 241 varSa kA thaa| 49 sAhitya meM mahAvIra saMvata kA prAcInatama upalabdha prayoga vimalasUri ke paumacariu meM prApta hotA hai jahA~ svayaM ukta grantha kI racanA-tithi mahAvIra saMvat 530 (arthAta san IsvI 3) dI hai 150 zilAlekhoM meM mahAvIra saMvata kA prAcInatama jJAta prayoga ma0 ni0saM0 84 (IsA pUrva 443) ke bar3alI 44. jyo. pra. jaina, vahI, pR0 163. samyaktva saptatikAvRtti tathA merutuMgakRta prabaMdha-cintAmaNi meM ina bhadrabAhu ko varAhamihira kA sahodara batAyA hai| 45. e0 mekaDAnela-saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 564, vi0 smitha-AksaphorDa hisTrI Apha iMDiyA (1920), pR0 160 46. jyo0 pra jaina, vahI, adhyAya 5-dI aliyara zaka irA, pR0 82.99 47. vahI, pR. 69-81 48. vahI, pR0 49, 196, 257 49. dekhie-I0 sacAu dvArA saMpAdita evaM anuvAdita 'ala verunIja iMDiyA,' tathA 1919 meM pUnA meM hue akhila prAcya vidyA sammelana meM paThita DA0ke0bI0 pAThaka kA nibandha, pR0 133 50. paMceva vAsa sayA dusamAe tIsavarasa sNjuttaa| vIre siddhimuvagae tao nibadadhaM imaM cariyaM ||-aNtim sarga kI gA0 103 -kaI vidvAna isa tithi meM zaMkA karate haiN|
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________________ kha-3 abhilekha meM prApta hotA hai| 51 rAjasthAna meM ajamera ke nikaTa sthita prAcIna kAla kA yaha mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAdhyamikA yA mAdhyamikA nagarI ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| azoka maurya ke zAsana ke prAraMmika varSoM ke eka abhilekha meM eka sthAna para 256 saMkhyA prApta hotI hai,52 jo kisI saMvat ke varSa kA sUcaka pratIta hotI hai / katipaya vidvAna use buddha saMvat rahA anumAna karate bhI haiM / adhika saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki vaha mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat ke varSa the, vizeSa kara isa kAraNa ki apane prAraMbhika jIvana meM bauddha dharma meM dIkSita hone ke pUrva-azoka kA jhukAva janadharma kI ora rahA pratIta hotA hai|3 / isa prakAra mahAvIra saMvat 256 kA artha hai IsApUrva 271 ke lagabhaga, jisake do-tIna varSa pUrva hI azoka kA vidhivata rAjyAbhiSeka huA mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta, kaliMga cakravartI mahameghagahana khAravela, jo sunizcita rUpa se jainadharmAvalambI thA. apane suprasidadha hAthIgaMphA zilAlekha (lagabhaga IsA pUrva 150) meM kathana karatA hai ki apane rAjya ke pAMcave varSa meM vaha usa praNAlikA (nahara) ko apanI rAjadhAnI taka le AyA thA, jise varSa 103 meM bhUlata: eka nandarAjA ne nirmANa karAyA thaa|54 yaha varSa 103 bhI mahAvIra nirvANa varSa hI rahA pratIta hotA hai, jisake anusAra ukta ghaTanA, ataH ukta nandarAjA kI tithi IsA pUrva 424 AtI hai| rAjyakAlagaNanA sambandhI jaina anuzra tiyoM meM nandoM kA zAsanAraMbha mahAvIra ni0 saM0 60 (IsApUrva 467) meM aura unakA anta ma0 ni0 sa0 210 yA 215 (I0 pU0 317 yA 312) meM huA batAyA gayA hai / 55 ataeva lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa paryanta calane vAle nandavaMza ke rAjAoM meM se hI koI eka uparokta nadarAjA thA / vastuta: paurANika anuzra tiyoM, jyotiSa gaNanA tathA kalki athavA saptarSi saMvatsaroM ke AdhAra para katipaya vidvAnoM ne naMdavaMza ke sarvaprasiddha nRpa kA rAjyArohaNa IsApUrva 424 meM hI nizcita kiyA hai / 56 51. 'vIrAya bhagavate caturAsItivase (84) kA jAlAmAliniye raniviTha mAjhimike'-prAcIna maurya kAlIna brAhmI lipi kA yaha laghu zilAlekha san 1912 meM sva0 50 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcanda ojhA ko bar3alI grAma se prApta huA thA aura unhoMne usakI uparokta vyAkhyA kI thii| yaha abhilekha DI0sI0 sarakAra ke 'selekTa insakripzansa' meM bhI prakAzita huA hai| 52. azoka ke laghuzilAlekha naM0 1 kI paMkti 5 meM dekhie, je. phlITa, jarnala rAyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, 1910, pR0 1301-8; 1911, pR0 1091-1112 53. eDavarDa TAmasa, 'jainijma, aura dI arlI phetha Apha azoka,' jarnala rAyala eziyATika sI0 bhAga pR0 155 Adi 54. paMcame ca dAnIvase nadarAjA tivasasata o (ghA) TitaM' Adi hAthIguMphA zi0 le0, paMkti 6-jarnala bI0o0 Ara0 esa, jilda 3, bhAga 4, pRSTa 455 55. jyo0 pra0 jaina, vahI, pR0 255-259 56. dekhie, eca0ke0 deba, 'DeTa Apha kAronezana Apha mahApadama naMda,' a0bhA0 prAcya vidyA sammelana (panA 1919) meM paThita nibandhoM kA saMkSepa sAra, pR0 120-123
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________________ yaha satya hai ki 12 vIM zatI ke prasiddha jainAcArya hemacandrasUri ne eka sthAna para yaha kathana kiyA hai ki candragupta maurya kA rAjyArohaNa ma0ni0 saM0 155 meM huA thaa| unake kathana se aneka Adhunika vidvAnaM bhrAnti meM par3a gaye / parantu yaha dhyAtavya hai ki hemacandrAcArya kA vaha ekAkI kathana unake pUrvavartI evaM paravartI, digambara evaM zvetAmbara, samasta jaina sAdhana srotoM ke viruddha jAtA hai / ve saba eka mata se naMdavaMza kA rAjyAraMbha ma0 ni0 saM0 60 meM huA pratipAdita karate haiM, aura nandoM kA pUrA rAjyakAla 155 varSa rahA sUcita karate haiMkevala eka grantha (khitthogAlI payannA) meM yaha kAla 150 barSa batAyA gayA hai| svayaM hemacandra bhI anyatra naMdavaMza sthApanA kI paramparAnumodila tithi, ma0ni0 saM0 60 hI pratipAdita karate haiM / 57 sAtha hI jaba vaha apane ziSya gujarAta ke caulukya samrATa kumArapAla ke siMhAsanArohaNa kI tithi mahAvIra ni0 saM0 1669 sUcita karate haiM,58 to prakArAntara se mahAvIra nirvANa ke IsApUrva 527 meM hue hone kA hI spaSTa samarthana karate haiM, kyoMki kumArapAla kA rAjyAraMbha 1142 I0 meM huA thaa| unake paravartI vidvAna merutuMga (1306 I.) ne isa visaMgati ko lakSya kiyA thA, kintu hemAcArya jaise pramANIka vidvAna ke mata kA khulA khaMDana karane kA zAyada unheM sAhasa nahIM huA / tathApi unhoMne yaha to likha hI diyA ki hemacandrAcArya ne kyoM aura kaise aisA vicitra kathana kara diyA yaha vicAraNIya hai (saJcintyam)9, sAtha hI mektuMga ne svavaM paramparAnumodita kAlagaNanA hI dii| Adhunika itihAsajJoM dvArA sunirdhArita maurya kAlagaNanA para bhI mahAvIra nirvANa kI tithi IsApUrva 527 mAnane se koI antara nahIM par3atA / jaina rAjyakAla-gaNanA meM mauryoM ke rAjyAraMbha kI tithi ma0 ni0 saM0 210 yA 215 (arthAt I0 yU0 317 yA 312) kA abhiprAya usa varSa se hai jaba candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM usakA Adhipatya ujjayinI para sthApita huA thA, kyoMki ukta kAlagaNanAeM ujjayinI ko kendra mAnakara hI kI gayI haiM 160 magadha meM antima nandanareza se rAjya-sattA chInane ke pazcAt candragupta maurya ko avazya hI kucha varSa vahAM apanI sthiti sudRr3ha evaM niSkaMTaka karane meM lage the / taduparAnta hI usane vijaya abhiyAna calAyA aura ujjayinI para adhikAra sthApita karake hI vaha vastuta: bhArata samrATa bana pAyA thaa| 57. anantaraM bardhamAna svAmI nirvANa vAsarAta / . gatAyAM SaSTivatsaryAmeSa nando'bhannRpaH / / pariziSTa parva, VI, 243 58. triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita, parva 10, pR0 12, zloka 45-46 59. merutuMga kRta 'prabandha cintAmaNi' ke antargata vicArazreNI' 60. 'grIksa ina baikTriyA eNDa iMDiyA' grantha ke lekhaka prophesara TArna ne apanI pustaka (pR0 44-50) meM likhA hai ki IsA pUrva 100 ke lagabhaga hue eka prAcIna:yunAnI itihAsakAra (jise TArna ne Trogasasorsa ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai) ne candragupta maurya ke rAjyA rohaNa kI tithi I0 pU0 312 hI dI hai / unakA vizvAsa hai ki isa mahatvapUrNa prAcIna yunAnI itihAkAra ne yaha tathya apane bhArata pravAsa meM svayaM jainoM se jAnakara 'hI likhA honA caahie|
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________________ 58 ] jahA~ taka magadha ke aitihAsika nareza bimbisAra aura usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI ajAtazatra kA prazna hai, bimbisAra to jaina paramparA meM zreNika nAma se prasiddha hai / usakI paTTarANI cellanA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mausI thI tathA unakI parama bhakta zrAvikA bhI thii| svayaM zrINika bhI mahAvIra kA parama bhakta ziSya, pramukha zrotA aura zrAvakottama thaa| usakI mRtyu mahAvIra nirvANa ke pUrva hI ho cukI thii| zreNika aura cellanA kA putra samrATa ajAtazatru aparanAma kuNika bhI mahAvIra kA bhakta thA / eka jaina anuzruti ke anusAra ajAtazatru ke rAjya ke 16 veM varSa meM mahAvIra nirvANa huA thA, kintu magadha kA siMhAsana prApta karane ke pUrva jAtazatru ATha varSa taka campA (aMgadeza) kA zAsaka, apane pitA ke jIvanakAla meM hI, raha cukA thA, aura aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha ATha varSa ukta solaha varSa meM sammilita haiM / 61 isa prakAra ajAtazatru I0 pU0 443 ke lagabhaga campA kA zAsaka niyukta huA aura I0 pU0 435 ke lagabhaga magadha ke siMhAsana para baiThA thaa| sambhavatayA isI samaya ke lagabhaga gautama buddha ko gayA meM nirvANa arthAt bodhilAbha huA thA aura usake lagabhaga 45 varSa pazcAt I0 pU0 483 meM kuzInagara meM unakA parinirvANa huA thA / buddha parinirvANa kI yaha tithi vartamAna meM sarvAdhika vidvanmAnya hai, aura isake sAtha usa bauddha anuzruti kI bhI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai jisake anusAra unakA nirvANa (bodhiprApti) ajAtazatru ke (campA meM zAsanAraMbha ke) AThaveM varSa meM huA thaa| isa viSaya meM to koI matabheda hai hI nahIM ki mahAvIra aura buddha samasAmayika the| prAcIna pAli sAhitya se yaha bhI spaSTa sUcita hotA hai ki buddha mahAvIra nirvANa ke uparAnta bhI jIvita rahe the, vaha unake prati bar3A Adara bhAva bhI rakhate the aura eka avasara para, tatkAlIna tIrthakoM ke prakaraNa meM, unhoMne mahAvIra kA ullekha 'addhagatovayo' (adher3a umravAlA) rUpa meM kiyA thA tathA svayaM ke lie 'nabba' pabajjita' (navadIkSita) pada kA prayoga kiyA thA / 62 ataeva yaha na mAnane ke lie koI kAraNa nahIM hai ki mahAvIra buddha se paryApta vayajyeSTha the| isake atirikta, buddha parinirvANa kI tithi ke sambandha meM svaMya bauddha anuzra tiyoM meM paraspara bhArI matabheda hai-siMhalI anuzruti I0 pU0 544 mAnatI hai, barmI I0 pU0 501, tibbatI I0 pU0 488 aura kainTonI (cInI) I0 pU0 486 mAnatI haiN| Adhunika vidvAnoM meM bhI kucha I0 pU0 501, kucha I0 pU0 477 aura kucha I0 pU0 453 bhI nizcita karate haiM / kintu sarvAdhika mAnya mata isa ghaTanA ko IsA pUrva 483 meM nizcita karatA 61. dekhie, bhagavatI sUtra; ena eDavAnsDa hisTarI Apha iMDiyA (pR0 73) ke vidvAna lekhaka bhI isI:mata kA samarthana karate pratIta hote haiM / 'eka samaye bhagavo sakkesa, viharati....tena khopana samayena nigaNTho nAtaputto pAvAyaM adhunA kAlakato hoti' majjhimanikAya kA sAmagAmasutta, tathA usI kA upAlisutta aura dIdhanikAya kA pAsAdika suttanta bhI draSTavya haiM / aura dekhie rAhula mAMskRtyAyana kRta 'buddhacaryA', kembina hisTrI Apha iMDiyA, jilda I, (1935 I0), pR0 156; jarnala Ara0 e0 esa0. 1885 I0, pR0 665 Adi
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________________ kha - 3 [ 59 hai 163 ataeva buddha nirvANa kI tithi uparokta vibhinna tithiyoM meM se koI bhI kyoM na rahI ho, usase buddha kA mahAvIra ke kaniSTa samakAlIna hone meM koI antara nahIM par3atA / kevala I0 pU0 544 kI tithi isa sthApanA meM bAdhaka ho sakatI hai, kintu usameM yadi kucha satyAMza hai to yahI ki vaha buddha ke bodhi lAbha kI tithi ho sakatI hai, jise bauddha paramparA meM nirvANa bhI kahA jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM, mahAvIra nirvANoparAnta agale 62 varSoM meM gautama, sudharmA aura jambU nAma ke unake tIna uttarAdhikArI kramazaH hue jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhAMti hI apane jIvana meM kaivalya prApta karake arhat kevali yA (nigaMThatitthaka) hue the, aura yaha tInoM bhI buddha ke samakAlIna the, ataeva sAmagAmasutta kA uparokta kathana unameM se kisI ke lie bhI huA ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra, mahAvIra nirvANa kAla asaMdigdha rUpa se IsApUrva 527 meM sunizcita hotA hai, jisakI puSTi antaraMga evaM bAhya vividha pramANa bAhulya se hotI hai| jJAta aitihAsika pratipattiyoM se bhI usameM kahIM koI virodha nahIM aataa| ise kevala eka varSa Age ( I0 pU0 526) yA eka varSa pIche ( I0 pU0 528 ) jo katiyapa vidvAna sthira karate haiM, vaha mahAvIra kI Ayu meM garbhakAla Adi gauNa tathyoM ke sammilita karane yA na karane athavA nirvANa varSa ko prAraMbha yA samApti kA sUcaka mAnane Adi kAraNoM se karate haiM / kintu isa tithi ko ekAdhika varSo se Age yA pIche nahIM le jAyA jA sakatA / use sthira karane meM parivartanIya, anizcita yA ardha-nizcita prati pattiyoM aura anumAnoM ko AdhAra banAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vaha eka prakAra se svayaM siddha hai / nirvANa ke samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kI Ayu 71 varSa, 6 mAsa aura 17 dina thI / 64 unake jIvana kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kI tithiyA~ nIce likhe anusAra haiM janma - caitra zukla trayodazI, mArca 30, I0 pU0 599, vaizAlI ke nikaTa kuNDagrAma meM / abhiniSkramaNa - mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamI, navambara 11, I0 pU0 570, jJAtRkhaNDa vana meM / kaivalya prApti - vaizAkha zukla dazamI, apraila 26, I0 pU0 557, RjukUlA taTavartI jR bhikagrAma ke bAhara / dharmacakra pravartana--zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadA, agasta 1, I0 pU0 557, rAjagRha ke vipulAcala para / 63. yaha tithi pro0 gIgara, DA0 phlITa, DA0 vikramasiMthe, Adi prakANDa vidvAnoM evaM prAcyavidoM ne nizcita kI hai - dekhie DI0 Ara0 bhaMDArakara vAlyUma, pR0 329 - 330, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI uparokta Ayu sva0 AcArya jugala kizora mukhtAra ne apanI pustaka 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya' (dillI 1934, pR0 13, 31 ) meM paryApta uhApoha ke pazcAt nizcita kI thI / kuchaeka garbhakAla ke 9 mAsa 7 dina 12 ghaMToM ko jor3ate haiM / kinhIM kI gaNanA ke anusAra unakI kucha vidvAna isameM eka yA do dina kI vRddhi karate haiM / isameM sammilita rahA mAnate haiM, jabaki kucha alaga se pUrI Ayu 71 varSa 3 mAsa 25 dina 12 ghaMTe baiThatI hai / 64.
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________________ nirvANa-kArtika kRSNa abhAvasyA,(sUryodaya se pUrva, pratyUSakAla meM) bhaumavAra, aktUbara 15, I0 pU0 527, madhyamApAvA meM padamasarovara ke taTa para 165 65. bhAratIya tithi, mAsa Adi pUjyapAdIya dazabhakti, vizeSakara nirvANabhakti tathA dhavala, jayadhavala Adi ke AdhAra se dI gayI haiM / aMgrejI tithiyoM kA AdhAra svAmI kannu pille kI 'iMDiyana ephrImerisa ko banAyA gayA hai| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki mahAvIra nirvANa saMvata ke varSa, varSa kI samApti ke sUcaka haiM, IsvI sana ke varSoM kI bhAMti cAlU varSa ke sUcaka nahIM haiN|
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________________ mahAvIra ne kahA - -muci mahendra kumAra 'prathama' saDiDhae mehAvI mAraM taraha-zraddhAzIla meghAvI saMsAra ke pAra pahuMca jAtA hai| para, prazna yaha hai ki zraddhA kisake prati ho ? sAmAnyata: zAstroM ke prati, dharmAcArya ke prati tathA abhibhAvakoM ke prati samarpaNa ko zraddhA kahA jAtA hai| kintu, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra isake Age bar3he the| unakA kahanA thA, zAstra jar3a vargoM meM piroye hue haiN| ve svata: kucha bhI prabhAvI nahIM hote / vyakti una vargoM meM apanI anubhUtiyoM ko yojita karatA hai / jaisI ve anubhUtiyAM hotI haiM, unhIM ke AdhAra para zAstroM kI pariNati ho jAtI hai| prayoktA yadi unake sAtha samyaka anuyojana karatA hai, unase baDhakara anya koI bhI prakAra utanA prabhAvI nahIM ho sktaa| yadi usa' anuyojana meM samyaktA kA nirvahana pUrNata: nahIM ho pAtA, to ve zAstra bhAra ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM ho skte| dharmAcArya cetana haiN| ve ziSyoM ko sAdhanA meM anuyojita karane kA prayatna karate haiM / kintu, bahudhA ve nyAya tathA niSpakSatA se haTa bhI jAte haiN| ziSyoM ke prati unakI samavartitA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| anya bhI aneka prakAra haiM, jinase unakI apUrNatA chalakatI hai| apUrNa ke prati zraddhA kI kaisI abhivyakti ? __ abhibhAvaka to kevala rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna, zikSaNa-saMsthApana Adi vyavahArika kriyAoM ke vyavasthApaka hote haiN| unake sAtha to mAtra vinimaya kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai| zraddhA sva ke prati honI cAhiye / jo apane astitva meM lIna ho gayA, zraddhA vahAM sAkAra ho gayI / AtmavismRta vyakti kisI bhI paristhiti meM zraddhA kA pariveza pA nahIM sktaa| isalie zraddhA kA tAtparya hai, AtmA ke astitva meM adhiniSTha honaa| Ananda kA zreSTha mArga sAmAnyataH vyakti nirAzA, asaphalatA va biSAda ke kSaNoM meM unmana ho jAtA hai tathA AzA, saphalatA va harSa ke kSaNoM meM uchalane lagatA hai| vaha pratikUlatA ko abhizApa tathA anukUlatA ko varadAna mAnakara calatA hai| yaha vyakti kI apUrNatA hai aura vaha kisI riktatA kI ora saMketa karatI hai| yathArthatA yaha hai ki jIvana dvandvAtmaka hai| vaha nAnA virodhI yugaloM ko apane meM aTA kara hI avasthita raha sakatA hai| unakA tirodhAna kisI bhI sthiti meM zakya nahIM hai| vyakti yaha kyoM bhUla jAtA hai ki ye sAre dvandva jIvana rUpa rassI ke do chora yA eka hI sikke ke do pArzva haiN| nirAzA, asaphalatA, viSAda evaM pratikUlatA ke kSaNoM meM jo anyamanaska nahIM hotA, vaha jIvana ke raNa kSetra meM vijayI hotA hai| vaha phira saphalatA, harSa, AzA tathA anukUlatA ke samaya bhI samacitta rahaigA / usake jIvana meM na Uba tathA ghaTana hogI evaM na atiriktA kI anubhUti hogii| yaha prakAra jitanA sAdhaka ke lie upayogI hai, utanA hI sAmAnya vyakti ke lie bhii| jo ina dvandvoM se atIta rahegA, vaha sadaiva Anandamaya rhegaa| Anandita hone kA yahI zreSTha mArga hai|
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________________ 62 ] kha-3 diDmUr3hatA sAmAnyataH vyakti vartamAna meM jItA hai / vaha bahudhA isa tathya ko bhUla jAtA hai ki vartamAna kA AdhAra vigata hai aura usakA AkAra anAgata hai / AdhAra aura AkAra ke binA vartamAna kA zrRMgAra nahIM ho sktaa| phira vahAM digmUr3hatA parilakSita hone lagatI hai| isIliye 'ke aMha AsI', kevA io cuiyo peccA bhavissAmi, (1-AyAro, a0 1, a0 1)-adhikAMza vyaktiyoM ko vigata kA jJAna nahIM hotA aura bhaviSya kI unake sAmane koI spaSTatA nahIM hotii| vigata kI vismRti kA tAtparya hai ki varSoM taka jo anubhava saMjoye the, jinake AdhAra para bhaviSya meM nikhAra lAyA jA sakatA thA, usa amUlya nidhi se vaMcita ho jaanaa| vyakti jitanA apane anubhavoM se pA sakatA hai, utanA pustakoM tathA anya vyaktiyoM ke samparka se nahIM pA sktaa| sahaja prApta anubhava-jJAna se rikta vyakti jar3avat rahatA hai| ___ bhaviSya kI diGmUr3hatA vartamAna ko bhI dhUmila kara detI hai| anizcaya kI sthiti meM vaha hAtha-para-hAtha rakha kara baiThA rhegaa| usake kartavya meM akalpita sAmarthya hote huye bhI usake liye saba kucha nahIM jaisA hI hogaa| akarmaNyatA panapatI calI jAyegI / jo vyakti vartamAna ko ujAgara karanA cAhatA hai, use vigata ko AdhAra tathA anAgata ko AkAra ke rUpa meM svIkRta karanA hI pdd'egaa| vartamAna tabhI sArthaka hogA aura diGmUr3hatA samApta hogii| hiMsA ke sUkSma rUpa __ "purisA ! tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM haMtavvaMti mannasi"-puruSa ! jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai / vadhya (marane vAlA) aura vadhaka (mArane vAlA) do nahIM haiN| jo vadhaka hai, vahI vadhya hai / jise paritapta karanA cAhatA hai, upadrata karanA cAhatA hai, jise dAsa yA naukara banAnA cAhatA hai, vaha bhI anya koI nhiiN| vastutaH vaha tU hI hai / "savvesi jIviyaM piyaM nAivaijja kiMcaNaM" sabako hI jIvana priya hai, ataH kisI kA bhI atipAta (hiMsA) na kro| prANa-viyojana karanA to hiMsA hai hI, para kisI ke prati duzcintana karanA bhI hiMsA hai| ahiMsaka kA mana sarvathA pavitra rahanA cAhiye / usameM ubharane vAle pratikSaNa ke vicAra sudAtta, udAra tathA unnata hone caahiye| eka kSaNa bhI saMkIrNa, Agraha se bhare tathA anudAra vicAra nahIM hone caahiye| pratizodha, uttejanA, ahaM, chadma, Asakti, kisI ko hIna samajhanA, svayaM ko ucca samajhanA Adi bhI hiMsA ke hI sUkSma rUpa haiN| kisI ke prati anAdara vyakta karanA, asabhya zabdoM kA prayoga karanA, upahAsa karanA, nindA karanA, ekadUsare ke mana meM gha NA ke bhAva utpanna karanA, DAMTanA, virodhI vAtAvaraNa ubhAranA, kisI jAti, samAja yA sampradAya ko anya-jAti, samAja yA sampradAya ke virUddha bhar3akAnA Adi vAcika hiMsA ke nAnA sUkSma rUpa haiN| cAMTA mAranA, uddaNDatA karanA, abhadra vyavahAra karanA, aziSTatA baratanA, uchala-kUda macAnA Adi kAyika hiMsA ke nAnA sUkSma rUpa haiM / ahiMsaka vyakti uparokta sabhI prakAroM se svayaM ko mukta rakhatA hai| vaha mana, vANI tathA kAyA se sarvathA pavitra rahatA hai| hIna bhAvanA tathA aham 'nau hINe / " vyakti hiMsA dUsaroM kI hI nahIM karatA, apitu svayaM kI bhI karatA hai| apane prati hInatA kI anubhUti karane vAlA pratikSaNa apanI hiMsA karatA rahatA hai / vaha yaha bhUla jAtA hai ki usameM ananta prakAra kI
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________________ kha-3 UrjAe~ haiM aura unake prasphoTa se anirvacanIya siddhiyAM prApta kI jA sakatI haiN| kintu, svayaM ko hIna samajhane vAlA vyakti apanI hI zaktiyoM se ajJAta anyamanaskatA meM pagA rahakara kSaNa-kSaNa avasAda ko prApta hotA rahatA hai, jo hiMsA kA hI eka paryAya hai / ahiMsaka vyakti kisI bhI paristhiti meM hInatA kI anubhUti nahIM kregaa| vaha apane puruSArtha kA pUrNarUpeNa upayoga kregaa| "no airitt|" bahata sAre vyakti apane ko mahAn mAnakara anya vyaktiyoM kI avahelanA karate rahate hai| vahAM unameM ahaM chalakatA rahatA hai| svayaM saba kucha hai, anya kucha bhI nahIM hai, isa anubhUti meM svayaM ko atirikta tathA anya ko yathArtha se virahita mAnakara vAstavikatA ko jhuThalAne kA prayatna karate haiN| ahiMsA ko sadaiva vAstavikatA hI mAnya hai| vahAM svayaM ko mahAn mAnane vAle ko avakAza nahIM hai|| jisa prakAra sacetana prANiyoM ko kaSTa paha~cAnA hiMsA hai, usI prakAra kisI jar3ake prati durvyavahAra karanA bhI hiMsA hai / rAha calatA huA vyakti kisI patthara ke Thokara mAratA hai, to vaha asat pravRtti karatA hai aura vaha hiMsA hI hai| isaliye jar3a padArtho ke prati bhI kisI bhI prakAra asaMyata vyavahAra nahIM honA caahiye| maitrI "maitti bhUyesu kappaye-prANiyoM se maitrI kro|" saMsAra meM aneka vicAroM ke vyakti haiN| sabake vizvAsa bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| rahana-sahana ke prakAra bhI eka taraha ke nahIM hote| bhASA, vyavahAra, sampradAya Adi bhI bhinnabhinna hote haiN| jaba vyakti apane vicAroM ko pradhAnatA dekara anya ke vicAroM kA pratirodha karatA hai, taba hRdayoM meM durAva kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| AtmA kA sahaja svabhAva maitrI taba khaNDita ho jAtI hai| pratyeka vyakti ko cAhiye ki svayaM ke vizvAsa, rahana-sahana ke prakAra, bhASA, vyavahAra tathA sampradAya Adi ko hI antima mAnakara AgrahazIla na bne| usa samaya hI maitrI phalita ho sakatI hai| ___ vyakti dUsaroM se apane prati acchA vyavahAra cAhatA hai, kintu, dUsaroM ke prati acchA vyavahAra karane meM kRpaNatA dikhalAtA hai| vaha yaha bhUla jAtA hai-'Ayatule payAsu"-sabako apane tulya smjho| apane taraha kI anubhUti jaba dUsaroM ke sAtha hotI hai, taba durAva ghaTatA hai aura samIpatA bar3hatI hai| do hRdayoM kI dUrI samApta hokara jaba nikaTatA meM abhivRddhi hotI hai, tabhI maitrI sAkAra hotI hai| jo kSudra rekhAyeM vibhAjaka banatI haiM, unheM samApta kiyA jAtA hai| usa samaya taba-mama-tere-mere kI anubhUti nahIM rahatI / saba hamahI haiM / yaha sArA saMsAra eka parivAra hai aura sabhI vyakti usake choTe-bar3e sadasya haiM, yahI cintana kriyAnvita hotA hai| maitrI meM choTI-choTI ikAiyAM nahIM hotii| jo kucha hotA hai, vaha sarva ke lie hotA hai| yadi choTI-choTI ikAiyA~ avasthita rahatI haiM, jo maitrI kA nAma ho sakatA hai, para usakA phalitArtha nhiiN| samaya kA mUlya saMsAra meM sabase bahumUlya samaya hotA hai| para, adhikatama upekSA isakI hI kI jAtI hai| vyakti pramAda evaM asAvadhAnI meM samaya ko vyartha hI gaMvA detA hai / jo samaya ke mUlya ko nahIM AMkatA, usakA bhI koI mUlya nahIM AMkatA / isaliye 'samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyaye'-eka kSaNa kA bhI pramAda meM apavyaya na kro| jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA paDiniyattaI, dhammaM ca kuNamANassa saphalA janti raaio|
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________________ jo rAtriyA~ vyatIta ho gaIM, ve lauTakara punaH nahIM aayeNgii| jo sAdhaka sAdhanA-zIla (dharma-parAyaNa) rahakara unakA upayoga kara legA, vaha samaya kI sArthakatA ko pramANita kara legaa|| samaya ke mUlya ko AMkane kA tAtparya hai, vartamAna kA jAgarUkatA ke sAtha upayoga krnaa| vartamAna meM sajaga rahane vAlA saba kSetroM tathA saba kAryo meM sajaga rahatA hai, ata: vaha apane nirmANa meM pUrNa saphala rahatA hai| jisane samaya kI upekSA kara dI, sArA saMsAra usakI upekSA kara detA hai| usa prakAra ke nirUpayogI vyakti kA koI bhI sanmAna nahIM krtaa| jo vyakti samaya kA upayoga nahIM karatA, vaha apane nirmANa meM hI korA rahatA hai, itanA hI nahIM, balki vyartha kiye gaye usa samaya se vaha aise duHkhada jAla bhI buna letA hai, jinase usakA niSkramaNa atyanta kaThina ho jAtA haiN| jIvana meM pragati, vikAsa tathA nikhAra cAhane vAle vyakti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha eka kSaNa ko bhI pramAda meM vyatIta na kare / puruSArtha "udie no pamAya (1-AyAro, a0 5, u02)-uTho, pramAda na kro|" Alasya evaM akarmaNyatA meM samaya ko na gNvaao| tuma puruSa ho; ata: puruSArtha ko kAma meM lo| dInatA ke svara tumako zobhA nahIM dete| bhAgya ke nirmAtA ho / kisI ke sAmane hAtha na phailAo / saphalatA tumhAre pauruSa kI pratIkSA meM hai| ananta zaktiyAM tumhAre meM antargabhita haiN| tuma unase anajAna ho, isIlie apane pauruSa ke prati Azvasta nahIM ho / kArya kI saphalatA ke lie dUsaroM ke muMhatAja bana rahe ho, yaha parAvalambitA hai| jaba zaktiyoM kA AbhAsa kara loge, dekhoge, kucha bhI tumhAre lie asambhAvita nahIM hai / bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra aura parAkrama hI yojanAoM ko kriyAnvita karate haiM; ata: unakA gopana na kara, inheM satkAryo meM prayukta kro| zubha pravRtti naye kA sarjana karatI hai, vahAM vaha azubha kA nivAraNa bhI karatI hai| kevala saMvedanAoM meM palanA ucita nahIM hai| ve to kartRtva kA hanana karatI haiN| sAdhanA pauruSa kI kriyAtmaka pariNati hai| usase zaktiyoM kA AbhAsa tathA unakA samyak anuyojana hotA hai| usa ora satata bar3hane kA tAtparya puruSArtha ke samyak anuSThAna kA pratIka hotA hai| pratyeka kSaNa meM sAvadhAna rho| Alasya, akarmaNyatA tathA pramAda ko apane pAsa na Ane do| ye lo zaktiyoM ko kuNThita karane ke sAdhana haiN| mahAbIra vivaraNa 8 mahotsava parasparopagraho jIvAnAma
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________________ jainadharma, darzana aura saMskRti janadharma
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________________ kyA kahA~ hai ? siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA nyAyAcArya DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina kavivara paM0 banArasIdAsa paM0 sukhalAla jo muni nathamala padma vibhUSaNa DA0 daulatasiMha koThArI 1 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana aura dharma 2 jaina nyAya : saMkSipta vivecana 3 gRhastha jIvana kA jaina Adarza 4 zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNa 5 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata 6 asAmpradAyikatA kA mUlamaMtra anekAnta 7 mahAvIra aura ahiMsA--Aja ke pariprekSya meM ... 8 vartamAna yuga meM mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI sArthakatA rASTrIya ekatA ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yoga 10 mahAvIra kA dharma-janadharma 11 jaina darzana kI vyApakatA 12 acchA hindU banane ke lie acchA jainI bananA Avazyaka hai 13 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA 14 mahAvIra kA naitikatA bodha 15 jainadharma, mahAvIra aura nArI 16 sarvodayI jainadharma aura jAtivAda 17 badalate sAmAjika mUlyoM meM mahAvIra kI bhUmikA 18 kyA mahAvIra kA yuga kabhI lauTegA 16 bhAratIya vAstukalA ke vikAsa meM jainadharma . kA yogadAna DA0 prabhAkara mAcave DA0 (zrImatI) kusumalatA jaina zrI riSabhadAsa rAMkA DA0 gokulacandra jaina mmmmmmm 0x4 0 9 zrI paripUrNAnanda varmA AryikAratna jJAnamatI mAtAjI DA0 kamalacandra sogAnI suzrI suzIlA kumArI vaida, ema.e. paM0 parameSThI dAsa jaina nyA0 tI0 45 mm DA0 ummedamala munauta DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI pro0 kRSNadatta bAjapeyI
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________________ N 8-bhagavAna mahAvIra (guptakAlIna pratimA), kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA
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________________ 9-mAnastambha (176 jinamUrtiyoM ke aMkana se yukta), devagar3ha
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________________ * bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana aura dharma * -siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI bAraha varSoM kI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAta jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI aura rAjagrahI nagarI ke bAhara vipulAcala para unakI prathama dharmadezanA huI to unake mukha se prathama vAkya nisRta huA uppanneya vA dhavei vA vigameI vA arthAt vastu utpanna hotI hai, dhruva rahatI hai, aura naSTa hotI hai| ye tInoM kriyAeM eka hI samaya meM pratyeka vastu meM sadA huA karatI haiN| mahAvIra ke darzana meM sat kA lakSaNa hI utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya hai| jo utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai vahI sat hai| AcArya kundakunda aura unake anuyAyI AcArya umAsvAtI ne sata kA yahI lakSaNa kiyA hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI sabhI uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne use svIkAra kiyA hai| isa eka hI vAkya meM bhagavAna kA darzana aura dharma donoM samAviSTa haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne apane pravacanasAra Adi granthoM meM ukta tatva kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai-vinAza ke binA utpAda nahIM aura utpAda ke binA vinAza nhiiN| tathA utpAda aura vinAza dhrauvya ke binA nahIM hote| ataH jo utpAda hai vahI vinAza hai| jo vinAza hai vahI utpAda hai| tathA jo utpAda vinAza haiM vahI sthiti yA dhrauvya hai aura jo sthiti hai vahI utpAda vinAza hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa dRSTAnta dvArA isa prakAra hai-jo ghaTa kI utpatti hai vahI miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hai| kyoMki bhAva (ghaTa) anya bhAva ke abhAva (miTTI ke piNDa se vinAza) svarUpa se pratibhAsita hotA hai, tathA jo miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hai vahI ghaTa kA utpAda hai kyoMki abhAva (miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza) kA anya bhAva ke bhAva (ghaTa kI utpatti) svarUpa se avabhAsana hotA hai| aura jo ghaTa kA utpAda tathA miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza hai vahI miTTI kI sthita hai| kyoMki vyatireka rUpa se anvaya kA prakAzana hotA hai tathA jo miTTI kI sthiti hai vahI ghaTa aura miTTI ke piNDa kA utpAda vinAza hai kyoM vyatireka anvaya kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA / yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAtA taba utpAda, vinAza aura sthiti bhinna-bhinna ThaharatI haiN| aura aisA hone para jo kevala ghaTa ko utpanna karanA cAhatA hai vaha ghaTa ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki ghaTa ke utpAda kA kAraNa hai miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza, usakA abhAva / yadi usake binA bhI ghaTa utpanna hotA hai to asat kA utpAda huA kahA jaayegaa| aura isa prakAra yA to ghaTa kI taraha sabhI padArthoM kA utpAda nahIM ho sakegA, yA asat kI utpatti mAnane para AkAza ke phUla jaise asaMbhava padArthoM kA bhI utpAda ho jaaygaa| tathA kevala vinAza ko cAhane para miTTI ke piNDa kA vinAza nahIM hogA kyoMki vinAza kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| yA phira sat kA sabaMdhA vinAza mAnanA hogaa| aura miTTI meM piNDa kA vinAza na hone para kyA sabhI pradArthoM kA vinAza nahIM hogA / athavA sata kA uccheda mAnane para jJAnAdi kA bhI uccheda ho jaayegaa|
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________________ kha-4 tathA kevala miTTI kI sthiti mAnane para utpAda-vyaya ke binA sthiti sambhava nahIM hai| isI taraha sabhI padArthoM kI sthiti akelI sambhava nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki eka hI vastu ko eka hI samaya meM utpAda vyaya aura sthiti kaise ho sakate haiN| isake uttara meM kahA hai ki utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya padArthoM meM hote hai| aura paryAya dravya meM hotI hai / ataH ve saba eka hI dravya haiM, dravyAntara nahIM haiM, jaise vRkSa skandha mUla aura zAkhAoM kA samudAya rUpa hai usI taraha dravya paryAyoM kA samudAyarUpa hai| aura paryAya utpAda vyaya dhrauvya rUpa haiM kyoMki utpAda vyaya dhrauvya aMzoM ke dharma hai aMzI ke nahIM, jaise aMzI vRkSa ke bIja aMkura aura vRkSatva rUpa tIna aMza apane dharma vinAza utpAda aura dhrauvya ke sAtha hI pratibhAsita hote haiM usI taraha aMzI dravya ke naSTa hone vAlA, utpanna hone vAlA, aura sthiti rahane vAlA ye tIna aMza vinAza utpAda aura dhrauvya ke sAtha hI pratibhAsita hote haiN| yadi dravya kA hI vinAza, utpAda aura dhrauvya mAnA jAye to saba gar3abar3a ho jaayegaa| isaliye utpAda vyaya dhrauvya paryAyoM meM hote haiM aura paryAya dravya meM hotI hai / ataH ye saba eka dravya hai| Amataura para loga aisA samajhate haiM ki vizva meM jisa kSaNa meM vastu kA janma hotA hai usa kSaNa meM kevala janma hI hotA hai, vinAza aura sthiti nahIM hote / jisa kSaNa meM vastu kI sthiti hai usa kSaNa meM utpAda vinAza nahIM hote, aura jisa kSaNa meM vinAza hotA hai usa kSaNa meM utpAda aura sthiti nahIM hote| isa taraha tInoM meM kAlabheda mAnA jAtA hai| kintu yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba aisA mAnA jAye ki dravya svayaM hI utpanna hotA hai, svayaM hI dhrauvya rahatA hai aura svayaM hI nAza ko prApta hotA hai, kintu aisA nahIM mAnA jAtA / utpAda Adi paryAyoM ke hI hote haiM taba kAla bheda kyoM ? jaise kumhAra, daNDa, cakra, cIvara ke dvArA aropita saMskAra ke hone para jisa kSaNa meM ghaTa kI utpatti hotI hai usI kSaNa meM miTTI kI piNDa paryAya kA nAza hai aura usI kSaNa meM miTTIpane kI sthiti hai| isI taraha antaraMga aura bahiraMga kAraNa kalApa ke dvArA Aropita saMskAra ke hone para jisa kSaNa meM uttaraparyApa kA utpAda hotA hai usI kSaNa meM pUrvaparyAya kA vinAza hotA hai aura usI kSaNa meM dravyatva kI sthiti bhI hai, jaise ghaTa, miTTI kA piNDa aura miTaTIpanA pratyeka meM hone vAle utpAda vyaya dhrauvya ina tInoM svabhAvoM ko sparza karane vAlI miTTI meM samasta rUpa se eka samaya meM hI dekhe jAte haiN| usI prakAra uttara paryAya pUrva paryAya aura dravyatva inameM se pratyeka meM hone vAle utpAda vyaya dhrauvya ina tInoM ko sparza karane vAle dravya meM samasta rUpa se eka samaya meM hI dekhe jAte haiM, aura jaise ghaTa, miTTI piNDa aura miTTIpanA meM hone vAle utpada vyaya dhrauvya miTTIrUpa hI haiM, anya vastu nahIM hai| usIprakAra uttaraparyAya pUrvaparyAya aura dravyatva meM hone vAle utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya dravya hI haiM, anya padArtha nahIM hai| isa prakAra dravya kI anya paryAya utpanna hotI hai, anya paryAya naSTa hotI hai, phira bhI dravya na utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai| jaise Ama hare se pIlA hotA hai, to vaha pIta bhAva se utpanna hotA hai, haritapane se naSTa hotA hai aura Amaphala rUpa se sthira rahatA hai, isaliye Amaphala eka vastu kI paryAyadvArA utpAda vyaya dhrauvya rUpa hai| usI prakAra uttaraparyAya se utpanna, pUrvaparyAya meM naSTa aura dravyatva se sthira hone se dravya eka dravyaparyAya dvArA utpAda vyaya dhrauvyAtmaka hai| isa taraha jo utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka hai vaha sat hai aura jo sat hai vaha dravya hai / isa prakAra dravya svayaM sat hai| dravya ko svayaM sat na mAnane para do hI bAte ho sakatI haiM-yA to vaha asat hogA yA sattA se bhinna
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________________ [ 3 kha -4 hogaa| asat mAnane se to dravya kA hI abhAva ho jAyegA aura sattA se bhinna mAnane para sattA ke binA bhI vaha svayaM vartamAna rahakara sattA kA hI abhAva kara degaa| kyoMki sattA jo kAma karatI thI vaha usane svayaM kara liyA / ata: dravya svarUpa se sat hai / kyoM ki bhAva (sattA) aura bhAvavAn (dravya) pRthaka-pRthaka na hone se abhinna hote haiM / jaina darzana meM pRthaktva kA lakSaNa hai - pradeza bheda kA honA / jinake pradeza bhinna haiM ve bhinna haiM / kintu guNa aura guNI ke pradeza bhinna nahIM hote| jaise zukla guNa ke jo pradeza haiM ve hI pradeza guNI vastra ke haiN| usI taraha sattA guNa ke jo pradeza haiM ve hI pradeza guNI dravya ke haiM / unake pradeza bhinna nahIM haiM / kintu phira bhI guNa aura guNI meM anyatva hai / anyatva kA lakSaNa hai atadbhAva, guNa aura guNI meM tadbhAva kA abhAva hone se anyatva hai / jaise zukla guNa kevala eka cakSu indriya kA viSaya hai aura vastra sabhI indriyoM kA viSaya hai ataH jo zuklaguNa hai vahI vastra hai aura jo vastra hai vahI zuklaguNa hai aisA tadbhAva unameM nahIM hai / usI prakAra sattA Azraya se rahane vAlI hai, nirguNa hai, vizeSaNarUpa hai / kintu dravya kisI ke Azraya nahIM rahatA, guNavAna hote hue aneka guNoM ke samudAya rUpa hai tathA vizeSya hai / ataH jo sattA hai vahI dravya hai aura jo dravya hai vahI sattA aura dravya yA guNa aura guNI meM kathaMcita abheda hote hue bhI sarvathA ekatva nahIM hai / ekatva kA lakSaNa hai tadbhAva / jahAM tadbhAva nahIM vahA~ ekatva kaise ho sakatA hai kintu guNa aura guNI rUpa se unameM anekatA hI hai| jaise eka motiyoM kI mAlA kA vistAra hAra, dhAgA aura motI tIna rUpa hotA hai usI taraha eka dravya kA vistAra dravya, guNa, paryAya tIna rUpa hotA hai / jaise eka motI kI mAlA kA zukla guNa, zukla hAra, zukla ghAgA, zukla motI tIna rUpa se vistRta kiyA jAtA hai| usI prakAra eka dravya kA sattA guNa sat dravya, sata guNa aura satparyAya isa taraha tIna rUpa se vistRta kiyA jAtA hai| jaise eka motI kI mAlA meM jo zukla guNa hai, vaha na hAra hai na dhAgA aura na motI hai, to hAra hai yA dhAgA hai yA motI hai vaha zukla guNa nahIM hai, isa prakAra eka kA dUsare meM abhAva atadbhAva hai aura vahI anyatva kA kAraNa hai / usI prakAra eka dravya meM jo sattA guNa hai vaha na dravya haina anya guNa haina paryAya hai / aura jo dravya anya guNa yA paryAya hai vaha sattA guNa nahIM hai| isa prakAra eka kA dUsare meM abhAva atadbhAva hai aura vahI unake anyatva kA kAraNa hai / sArAMza yaha hai ki dravya se bhinna na guNa hai aura na paryAya hai| donoM hI dravya kI avasthA vizeSa haiN| jaina darzana meM dravya nAmaka eka hI padArtha isa rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai ki anya padArtha ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI guNa, krama, samAnya vizeSa abhAva ye saba dravya kI hI vibhinna avasthAyeM hai| 1 dravya ke meva dravya bhI chaha mAne hai-jIva, pudga, pama, adhama, AkAza, kAla pula meM pRthvI, apa, teja aura vAyu garbhita haiN| jisameM rUpa rasa gandha sparza ye cAra guNa hote haiM vaha pudgala hai| jaina darzana pratyeka paramANu meM cAroM guNa mAnatA hai aura unhIM paramANuoM se bhUta catuSTaya kI utpatti mAnatA hai| kisI meM kisI guNa kA vyakta aura avyakta honA yaha vastu ke pariNamana para nirbhara hai / pudgala ke do bheda haiM paramANu aura skandha jo Adi madhya aura anta se rahita hai, indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM hai aise akhaNDa eka pradezI dravya ko paramANu kahate haiM aura una paramANuoM ke bandha se niSpanna skandha hotA hai / hama jo kucha indriyoM se jAnate dekhate haiM vaha saba kudgala skandha hai| pUraNAlana kriyA se pudgala zabda banA hai / jo TUTe phUTa jur3e vaha pudgala hai / yadyapi paramANu TUTatA - phUTatA nahIM hai, vaha akhaNDa hotA hai tathApi paramANuoM ke mela se bane skandha TUTate- phUTate haiM isa dRSTi se paramANu ko bhI pudgala kahA hai| eka paramANu eka samaya meM loka ke eka ora dUsare chora taka caudaha rAju gamana karatA hai / kintu paramANuoM ke mela se niSpanna skandha aisA nahIM kara sakatA /
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________________ ] pudgala ke teIsa prakAra jainAgama meM kahe haiM aura unakA bahuta vistAra se varNana milatA hai jo anveSakoM ke liye bahuta upayogI hai| eka paramANu dUsare paramANu ke sAtha kaise banyatA hai isakA bhI vivecana hai / dharma aura ardhama dravya jIvoM aura pudgaloM kI gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka hote haiN| inase puNya pApa nahIM lenA cAhiye / ye do dravya aise haiM jinheM kisI anya tatvajJAnI ne nahIM mAnA hai / 1 jIvadravya - ina chaha dravyoM meM se pAMca dravya jar3a-acetana haiM / cetana dravya kevala eka jIva hai| jIva ke mukhya bheda do haiM-- saMsArI aura mukta / jIva kA lakSaNa hai upayoga / jo jAnatA dekhatA hai vaha jIva hai / jaina darzana meM cetanA ke bheda jJAna aura darzana haiM / ataH jJAna darzana ke binA caitanya saMbhava nahIM hai / jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa hai / jo jAnatA hai vaha jJAna hai / AtmA jAnatA hai ata: vaha jJAna hai / 'AtmA bhinna hai aura jJAna bhinna hai tathA jJAna ke sambaMdha se oramA jJAnI hai, aisA jaina darzana nahIM maantaa| kintu AtmA svayaM jJAna svarUpa hai / yadyapi saMsAra avasthA meM jIva kI jJAnazakti itanI kuNThita ho jAtI hai ki vaha indriyoM ke binA kucha bhI nahIM jAna sakatA aura isa liye vaha indriyoM ko hI jJAna kA sAdhana mAna baiThatA hai| kintu jJAna indriyoM ke dvArA hone para bhI na indriyoM kA dharma hai aura na jJeya padArthoM kA dharma hai / vaha to jJAtA AtmA kA dharma hai / jaba AtmA jJAna kI rodhaka zaktiyoM kA anta kara detA hai to vaha svayaM atIndriya jJAna rUpa pariNata hotA hai / aura sarvajJa sarvadarzI bana jAtA hai| kahA hai jAdo sayaM sa cedA savvaNhu savva sa loga darasIya / pappodi hama abbA vArSa kha-4 sagamamuttaM / / 29 / / paJcAsti 0 vaha cidAtmA svayaM savaMza sarvadarzI huA, ananta bAdhArahita amUrta Atmika sukha ko prApta " karatA hai / isa prakAra cetana jIva upayoga se viziSTa kartA, bhoktA, tathA apane zarIra pramANa, amUrtika hotA hai tathA saMsAra avasthA meM karma ke bandhana se baddha hotA hai| I jIva ko sarvavyApI yA aNuparimANa Adi rUpa na mAnakara zarIra ke barAbara mAnanA bhI jaina darzana kI apanI viziSTa mAnyatA hai jaise dIpaka ko jaise sthAna meM rakhA jAtA hai usakA prakAza utane hI sthAna meM phailA rahatA hai / usI prakAra jIva ko jaisA zarIra milatA hai vaha utane meM hI vyApta hokara rahatA hai / bar3A zarIra milane para usake pradezoM meM phailAva hotA hai aura choTA zarIra milane para usameM saMkoca hotA hai / kintu mukta hone para jisa zarIra se mukta hotA haiM usase kiJcita nyUna AkAra sadA banA rahatA hai / usameM koI hAni yA vRddhi nahIM hotI / saMsArI jIva ke sUla bheda do haiM, basa aura sthAvara jinake kevala eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai unheM sthAvara kahate haiM / unake pAMca bheda haiM- pRthivI kAyika- pRthivI jinakA zarIra hotA hai / isI prakAra jala kAyika, teja skAyika, vAyu kAyika aura vanaspati kAyika / jo jIva ina pRthvI, jala, vAyu, Aga aura vanaspati ko zarIra rUpa se grahaNa karate haiM ve saba sthAvara haiM tathA kITa, jinake sparzana aura rasanA indriyA hotI hai, cIMTI Adi jinake sparzana rasanA aura ghrANa indriyAM hotI haiM, aura manuSya pazu Adi jinake kAna sahita pAMca indriya hotI hai ve saba sajIva hote haiM / jaina darzana meM indriya se jJAna meM sahAyaka indriyAM lI gaI haiM aura unakI saMkhyA pAMca hai| sparzana-jo sparza guNa ko jAnatI hai, rasanA, jo svAda ko jAnatI hai, ghrANa jo gandha ko jAnatI hai, cakSu jo rUpa ko jAnatI karNa yA zrotra jo zabda ko jAnatI hai / ye saba jIva apane-apane zubha azubha karmAnusAra marakara sadA cAra
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________________ kha-4 gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate rahate haiN| ve cAra gatiyAM haiM-naraka, tiryaJca manuSya aura deva / loka ke tIna bhAgoM meM se nIce ke bhAga meM naraka haiM, madhya bhAga meM manuSya rahate haiM aura Upara ke bhAga meM devaloka yA svarga hai| adholoka du:kha pradhAna hai, devaloka sAsAMrika sukha pradhAna hai aura madhyaloka sukha duHkha kI sthiti se bhI madhyama hI hai| madhya loka ke manuSya aura paMcendriya tiryaJca hI marakara naraka yA svarga meM jAte haiN| na nArakI marakara svarga meM jA sakatA hai aura na deva marakara naraka meM jAtA hai| ve marakara manuSya yA tiryaJca hote haiN| deva, nArakI aura manuSya ke sivAya zeSa saba jIva tiryaJca kahe jAte haiN| inameM se eka indriya vAle tiryaJca samasta loka meM rahate haiN| ina jIvoM kA bahuta vistAra se varNana jinAgama meM kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMsAra nAma jIvoM ke paribhramaNa kA hai aura eka janma tyAga kara nayA janma dhAraNa karate rahate kA nAma saMsAra hai aura isa saMsAra se chuTakArA dilAnA dharma kA kArya hai| ata: jIva kI dazAoM kA varNana bhI dharma kA hI aMga hai| use jAne binA dharma meM pravatti nahIM hotii| sAta tatva-jaise chaha dravya haiM vaise hI sAta tattva haiN| chaha dravyoM se to yaha jagata banA hai| ina dravyoM ke sivAsa jagata meM anya koI maulika vastu nahI haiN| jo kucha hai vaha inhIM chaha meM samAviSTa hai / ata: jagata ke mUla kAraNoM ko jAnane ke liye chaha dravyoM kA jJAna Avazyaka hai| unase vastu vyavasthA kA bodha hotA hai, jo darzana zAstra kA viSaya hai| kintu jo isa saMsAra ke vandhana se chUTakara mukta honA cAhate haiM unheM sAta tattvoM kI zraddhA honA Avazyaka hai| usake binA mukti kI prApti saMbhava nahIM hai| tatva kahate haiM sAra bhUta ko / ve haiM-jIva, ajIva, Azrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / jaise vahI rogI vaidya ke pAsa jAtA hai jise yaha vizvAsa hotA hai ki maiM bImAra hU~ / yadi bImAra hone para bhI koI apane ko bImAra nahIM mAnatA to vaha vaidya ke pAsa nahI jAtA / aura 'maiM rogI hU~' isa zraddhA ke liye apanI niroga avasthA ke sAtha roga kA bodha honA Avazyaka hai, usake binA vaha apane ko rogI nahIM mAna sktaa| vaidya ke pAsa jAne para vaha pUchatA hai roga kase huA aura kaise usane tumheM jakar3a liyaa| yaha jAnane ke bAda hI vaha cikitsA karatA hai ki amuka-amuka padArthoM kA sevana na krnaa| aisA karane se nayA roga nahIM bddh'egaa| aura auSadhi sevana karane se dhIre-dhIre roga ghaTegA taba tuma roga se mukta ho jAoge / isI prakAra jIva ke sAtha karma kA bandhana eka roga hai| isa roga ko jAnane ke liye zuddha jIva kA svarUpa tathA usase baMdhane vAle karma kA svarUpa jAnanA Avazyaka hai| ye donoM jIva aura ajIva nAmaka tatva haiN| jIva meM ajIva tatva karma kA AnA kaise hotA hai usake kAraNa kyA hai, yaha Asravatatva hai| Ane ke pascAta karma jIva se kisa prakAra baMdhatA hai yaha bandha tatva hai| navIna karma bandha ko rokane kI prakriyA saMvara tatva hai / pUrvabaddha karma ko dhIre-dhIre nirjIrNa karane kI prakriyA nirjarA tatva hai aura karma bandhana se sarvadA ke liye pUrNa rUpa se chUTanA mokSa hai| ina sAta tatvoM ko jAnakara unapara zraddhA karanA samyAk darzana hai| sAta tatvoM kI zraddhA ke binA sabhyaka darzana nahIM hotA aura samyagdarzana ke hue binA mokSa kA mArga nahIM bntaa| karma siddhAnta-yahAM saMkSepa meM jaina karma siddhAnta para bhI prakAza DAlanA ucita hai| kyoMki usako samajhe binA mukti ko bhI samajhanA zakya nahIM hai| jainadharma meM karma kevala saMskAra rUpa hI nahIM haiM kintu paudagalika para. mANuoM kA eka samUha bhI hai jinheM karma vargaNA kahate haiN| ye karma vargaNA samasta loka meM bharI haiN| jIva kI pratyeka mAnasika vAcanika aura kAyika kriyA se AkRSTa hokara yaha karma vargaNA usa jIva se bandha jAtI haiN| isa Asrava aura bandha ke mUla kAraNa doM haiM-yoga aura kaSAya / mana bacana kAya kI pravRtti pUrvaka jIva ke Atma pradezoM meM jo parispanda hotA hai, vaha yoga hai, karmoM ke Ane kA nAma Asrava hai, usakA kAraNa yoga haiM ata: use Azrava kahate
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________________ kha -4 6] haiM- kahA hai- 'kAyavAGamanaH karma yogaH sa AsravaH' aura jIva ke krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha rUpa pariNAmoM ko kaSAya kahate haiM / yaha kaSAya karma bandha kA pradhAna kAraNa hai, isI ke kAraNa yoga dvArA AI huI karma vargaNA jIva ke sAtha bandha ko prApta hotI hai| yadi kaSAya tIvra hotI hai to bandha bhI dRr3ha hotA hai / 1 I bandha ke bhI cAra prakAra haiM- prakRti bandha, sthiti anya anubhAga bandha, pradezabandha karma meM svabhAva kA par3anA prakRti bandha hai / mUla karma ATha haiM- 1 jJAnAvaraNa, jo jIva ke jJAna guNa ko vikRta karake use DhAMkatA hai / isI ke kAraNa jIvoM meM jJAna kI hInatA mandatA hotI hai| 2 darzanAvaraNa-jo jIva ke darzana guNa ko DhAMkatA hai / nidrA Adi kA tIvra yA manda honA isI kA kArya hai / 3 vedanIya - jo sukha duHkha kA anubhava karAtA hai, unake anukUla sAmagrI ke prApta karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / 4 mohanIya - jo jIva ko mohita karatA hai, use apane svarUpa kI pratIti nahIM hone detaa| yaha saba karmoM meM pradhAna hai, senApati hai 5 Ayukarma jisake kAraNa jIva amuka samaya taka eka hI zarIra meM rukA rahatA hai 6 nAmakarma jisake kAraNa jIva ke zarIra Adi banatA hai| 7 gotrakarmajo loka meM ucca nIca kA vyavahAra karAtA hai| 8 antarAya karma jo jIvoM ke lAbha Adi meM bAdhA DAlatA hai| ina ATha karmoM meM jIva ke sAtha baddha rahane kI kAla maryAdA kA par3anA sthiti bandha hai| unameM tIvra yA manda phala dene kI zakti par3anA anubhAga bandha hai / aura baMdhane vAle karma paramANu kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa pradeza bandha hai / prakRtibandha, pradezabandha yoga se hote haiN| sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha kaSAya se hote haiN| cAro bandhoM meM sthiti bandha aura anubhAga bandha mukhya haiM ataH kaSAya kI hI saMsAra me pramukhatA hai| tatvArtha sUtra - meM bandha kA svarUpa isa prakAra kahA hai 'sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudralAnupAdatte sa bandhaH / ' kaSAya yukta pariNAmoM se sahita hone se jIva karma ke yogya daloM ko grahaNa karatA hai yaha bandha hai / isakI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai ki kapAya se karmabandha hotA hai aura karma ke udaya se kaSAya hotI hai| isa taraha karma aura kaSAya kA sambandha anAdi haiN| anAdi kAla se jIva isa cakra meM par3A hai| AcArya kundakunda kahA hai ne jo khalu saMsArasyo jIvo tato du hodi pariNAmo / pariNAmAdo kammaM kammAvo hodi madisumadI / / 128 / / gadimadhigadasya beho behAdo iMdiyANi jAyate / tehi du visayaggahaNaM tatto rAgo va doso vA / / 129 / / jAyadi jIvassevaM bhAvo saMsAra cakkavAlammi / ivi jiNavehi maNido anAdinidhano saNi ghaNo vA / / 130 / / saMsArI jIva ke anAdi bandhana kI upAdhi va rAga dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| rAga dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara punaH podgalika karma baMdhate haiN| una karmoM ke phala svarUpa naraka Adi gatiyoM meM jAtA hai| gati meM jAne se zarIra milatA hai zarIra meM indriyA~ hotI hai, indriyoM se viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / viSaya grahaNa se rAga dveSa hote haiM- iSTa viSayoM meM rAga aura aniSTa se dva eSa karatA hai / rAga dveSa se 'puna: paugalika karma baMdhate haiN| isa prakAra paraspara meM kAryakAraNabhUta jIva aura pula ke pariNAma rUpa yaha karma jAla cakra kI taraha ghUmatA rahatA hai| pudgala karmake nimitta se jIva ke pariNAma hote haiM aura jIva ke pariNAma ke
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________________ kha-4 nimitta se pudgala karma pariNAma hote haiM / yaha saMsAra cakra anAdi hai kintu kinhI jIvoM kA jo mokSa jA sakeMge, sAnta hai aura jo mokSa prApta karane meM asamartha hai unakA anta rahita hai| isa prakAra jIva aura pudagala kA saMyoga rUpa pariNAma zeSa pAMca tatvoM meM nimitta hai| mUla tatva to do hI haiM. jIva aura ajIva / unakA saMyoga hone se hI AsravAdi tatvoM kI niSpatti hotI hai| unakA kathana jIvoM ko heya aura upAdeya tatva kA bodha karAne ke liye kiyA gayA hai| duHkha heya tatva hai| usakA kAraNa saMsAra haiN| saMsAra ke kAraNa AsrAva vandha ke kAraNa mithyA darzana, mithyA jJAna aura mithyA caritra haiN| sukha upAdeya tatva hai / usakA kAraNa mokSa hai| moma ke kAraNa saMvara aura nirjarA tatva haiN| una donoM ke kAraNa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra haiN| kahA hai _ 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH|-ttvaa0 sU0 // 1 // arthAta samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra ina tInoM kA mela mokSa kA mArga hai / arthAta inameM se eka yA do se mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotI / sabase prArambha meM samyagdarzana hotA hai aura samyagdarzana ke sAtha hI samyagjJAna hotA hai| unake hone para jo caritra hotA hai vahI samyaka cAritra hai aura unake abhAva meM jo caritra hotA hai vaha mithyA cAritra hai| yathArtha meM dharma to AtmA kA svabhAva hai| usa Atma svabhAva kI zraddhA aura jJAna ke binA usako prApta karane kA prayatna vyartha hai| AtmasvarUpa kI prApti usase nahIM ho sakatI aura AtmasvarUpa kI prApti hI mokSa hai| ata: bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma kA kendravindu vyakti kI apanI AtmA hai| usa AtmA ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI dharma kI gAr3I calatI hai| jitanA bhI vAhya AcaraNa, vrata, japa, tapa, saMyama Adi rUpa hai vaha tabhI yathArtha hai jaba vaha Atma zodhana ko dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai / laukika eSaNA se kiyA gayA dharma, dharma nahIM hai| gRhastha aura sAdhu ke bheda se dharma ke bhI do bheda haiM-gRhastha dharma aura sAdhu dharma / gRhastha dharma ko eka deza pAlatA hai / aura sAdhu sarvadeza pAlatA hai / eka deza dharma ko aNuvrata kahate haiM aura sarvadeza ko mahAvrata kahate haiM / vrata pAMca haiM-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha / ina vratoM kA AcaraNa karane se hI koI vratI nahIM hotaa| vratI banane ke icchuka ko sarvaprathama apanI AtmA se tIna zalya nikAla denA caahiye| ve haiM-mithyAtva, mAyA aura nidAna / zarIra meM Atmabuddhi mithyAtva hai| sacce deva, sacce zAstra aura sacce gurU kI pahacAna na honA mithyAtva hai| duniyA ko chalane ke liye dharma kA bAnA dhAraNa karanA mAyAcAra hai aura laukika phala kI icchA se dharma kA sAdhana nidAna hai / inheM zalya kahA hai kyoMki ye zarIra meM ghuse kaNTaka Adi kI taraha sadA kaSTa dete haiM aura inake rahate hue dharma sAdhana se jo zAnti milanI cAhiye vaha nahIM miltii| aise dharmasAdhaka kA mana dharma meM na rahakara usake phala meM hI ulajhA rahatA hai / phalata: na dharma sAdhana hotA hai aura na usase phala prApti hotI hai| ahiMsA-yadyapi vrata cAMca kahe haiM tathApi mukhya vrata to eka ahiMsA hI hai / zeSavrata to usI ke rakSaNa ke liye haiN| jaise kisAna kheta meM bIja bokara unakI rakSA ke liye bAr3a lagA detA hai| ataH satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ahiMsA ke poSaka aura rakSaka hone se vrata kahe gaye haiN| ata: jisa satya vacana se dUsare ko kaSTa pahuMce use asatya meM hI ginA gayA hai| __ pahale jo do prakAra ke jIva kahe haiM, sthAvara aura trasa / unameM se gRhastha trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai, yaha usako prathama ahiMsANuvrata hai / sneha yA moha Adi ke vaza hokara aisA jhUTha nahIM bolatA jo kisI ghara yA grAma ke vinAza meM kAraNa bane / yaha gRhastha kA dUsarA satyANuvrata hai / jisase dUsare ko pIr3A pahuMce, rAja
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________________ daNDa mile, aisI vinA dI huI vastu bhale hI koI use chor3a gayA gayA ho usake prati grahaNa kA bhAva bhI na honA tIsarA acauryANavata hai / parastrI, kisI kI patnI Adi ho yA vezyA Adi hai usakA bhoga kA tyAga caturtha brahmacaryANu vrata hai| aura apanI icchA ke anusAra dhana, dhAnya, makAna, kheta Adi kI eka maryAdA karanA ki maiM itanA rakhUgA, pAMcavA parigraha parimANa aNuvrata hai / aura hiMsA, asatya, corI, strI sevana aura parigraha kA sarvathA tyAga mahAvata hai| yadi gRhastha pAMca aNuvratoM kA pAlana kareM to Aja unake aura deza ke sAmane jo samasyAeM khar3I haiM ve khar3I na hotii| hiMsA, jhaTha Adi pAMca pApa haiN| inase manuSyoM kA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana duHkhI hotA hai| anAvazyaka saMgraha hI bhraSTAcAra aura kAle bAjAra kI jar3a hai| manuSya Aja dhana saMcaya ke pIche aisA par3A hai ki use apane bhI ahita kA dhyAna nahIM hai / phamataH Aja anAvazyaka saMcaya karane vAle kAnUna ke zikaMje se bhayabhIta haiM / aba bhI yadi unheM buddhi A jAye aura ve apanI tRSNA ko rokakara apanI icchA ko sImita karaleM to ve svayaM bhI sUkhI raheMge aura unakI zoSaNavatti se trasta janatA ko bhI rAhata milegii| astU, ahiMsA ko prAyaH sabhI dharmoM ne mAnA hai kintu ahiMsA ke pAlana karane kA krama tathA ahiMsA kI paribhASA spaSTa karake bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko vyavahArya banAne kA mahAna kArya kiyA hai| tatvArthasUtra meM hiMsA kI paribhASA kI hai-'pramatta yogAta prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA' / isakI vyAkhyA meM kahA hai-pramAda kahate haiM kaSAya sahitapane ko| usase yukta AtmA kA pariNAma pramatta hai| usake yoga se prANoM kA ghAta hiMsA hai| baha hiMsA prANI ke du.kha kA kAraNa hone se adharma hai| yahAM isa hiMsA ke lakSaNa meM jo 'pramattayogAt' pada diyA hai vaha batalAtA hai ki kevala prANoM kA ghAta hiMsA rUpa adharma nahIM hai kyoki Agama meM kahA hai ki prANoM kA ghAta karane para bhI hiMsA kA bhAgI nahIM hotaa| ise eka dRSTAnta dvArA spaSTa karate hue kahA hai-koI sAdhu puruSa Age dekhakara mArga meM jA rahA hai| usane Age dekhakara jyoM hI paira uThAkara Age rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA tyoM hI koI kSadra jantu usake paira rakhane ke sthAna para AgirA aura usake paira se kucala kara mara gayA / usa sAdha ko usa jIva ke marane ke nimitta se jarA bhI pApa nahIM hotA / kyoMki sAdha pramAdI nahIM thA, sAvadhAna thaa| kintu jahAM pramAda hai vahAM kisI kA prANaghAta na hone para bhI hisA mAnI gaI hai| kahA hai-jIva mare yA jiye, jo asAvadhAna hai use hiMsA kA pApa avazya hotA hai, kintu jo sAvadhAna hai, apane mana bacana kAya ko saMyata karake pravRtti karatA hai, use hiMsA hone mAtra se pApa bandha nahIM hotaa| isakA sAra yaha hai ki hiMsA ke do bheda haiM, dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA / pariNAmoM meM hiMsA kA bhAva honA bhAva hiMsA hai| aura kisI ke prANoM kA dhAta dravya hiMsA hai| yadi kartA ke bhAva meM hiMsA hai to bAhara meM kisI kA dhAta nahIM hone para bhI hiMsA hai aura yadi kartA ke bhAvoM meM hiMsA nahIM hai to bAhara meM kisI kA ghAta ho jAne para bhI kartA hiMsA kA bhAgI nahIM hai, ataH bhAva hiMsA hI hiMsA hai| dravya hiMsA ko to isa liye hiMsA kahA hai ki usakA bhAva hiMsA ke sAtha sambandha dekhA jAtA hai| isa taraha hiMsA kI buniyAda jIva ke apane bhAvoM para hai / ataH jo hiMsA se bacanA cAhatA hai use apane mana bacana kAya para pUrA niyaMtraNa rakhakara sAvadhAnI pUrvaka isa prakAra pravRtti karanI cAhiye ki usase kisI ke prANoM ko kaSTa na phuNce| phira bhI yadi kisI ko kaSTa pahuMcAtA hai to usakI hiMsA kA bhAgI vaha nahIM hai / ataH hiMsA pApa se bacanA apane hAtha meM hai aura isa liye ahiMsA kA pAlana vyavahArya hai| pratyeka manuSya apane ko saMyata rakhakara hiMsA se baca sakatA hai| asala meM hiMsA kahate hI manuSya dUsare prANiyoM ke ghAta ko hI hiMsA samajhate haiM kintu jo unakI hiMsA karatA hai vaha apanI bhI hiMsA karatA hai ise koI nahIM samajhatA / bhagavAna ne kahA hai
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________________ 'svayamevAtmanAtmAnaM hinastyAtmA pramAdavAn / pUrva prANyantarANAM tu pazcAd syAdvA na vA vadhaH // ' jo pramAdI hai, asAvadhAna hai, dUsaroM ko mArane satAne kA bhAva rakhatA hai athavA unakI ora se vimukha hai, pahale to vaha apane se apanA hI ghAta karatA hai / anya prANiyoM kA ghAta to usake bAda hotA hai / vaha bhI ho yA na ho| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra kevala paraghAta kI dRSTi se ahiMsA para jora nahIM dete kintu AtmaghAta kI dRSTi se ahiMsA para jora dete haiN| ve mArakoM ke dvArA mAre jAne vAloM ko nahIM bacAnA cAhate / mArane vAloM meM ke bhAva se bacAnA cAhate haiM / mArane vAloM ke mana se mArane kA bhAva dUra hone para unake dvArA mAre jAne vAle to svayaM hI baca jAyeMge / isa taraha mahAvIra bhagavAna kI ahiMsA AdhyAtmika hai, korI bhautika nahIM hai| ve AtmA ke pratyeka vikAra ko hiMsA kahate haiM kyoMki vikAra AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA ghAtaka hai / isI se jinAgama meM kahA hai rAgAvINamaNuppA ahiMsagattetti mAsidaM samaye / tesi ceduppattI hiMseti niNehi NiddidiThA // arthAta rAgAdi vikAroM ke utpanna na hone ko Agama meM ahiMsA kahA hai| aura unakI utpatti ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hiMsA kahA kahA hai| ata: AtmA kA samasta vikAroM se rahita honA hI pUrNa ahiMsA hai aura vaha mokSa rUpa hone se pUrNa ahiMsA hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai / japa, tapa, saMyama, dhyAna Adi saba usI ke poSaka hai hai kyoMki unakI sahAyatA se hI AtmA nirvikAra banatA hai| isI ahiMsA kI dena syAdvAda hai| syAdvAda dArzanika kSetra kI hiMsA ko dUra karatA hai| dArzanika kSetra meM eka darzana vastu ko nitya mAnatA hai to dUsarA anitya mAnatA hai| eka advaita kA AgrahI hai to dUsarA dvaita kA AgrahI hai / eka vastu ko sAmAnya rUpa mAnatA hai to dUsarA vizeSa rUpa mAnatA hai, aura isa taraha dArzanika kSetra meM vivAda calatA hai| anekAntavAdI jaina darzana kahatA hai ki vastu kisI dRSTi se nitya hai to kisI dRSTi se anitya bhI hai| kisI dRSTi se eka hai to kisI dRSTi se aneka hai| kisI dRSTi se sAmAnya rUpa hai to kisI dRSTi se vizeSa rUpa hai / isa taraha vastu paraspara meM viruddha pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA eka samanvayAtmaka rUpa hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA stavana karate hue kahA hai AvIpamAvyoma samasvabhAvaM syAdvAda mudrAnati medi vastu / tamitya mevakamanityamanyat iti tvadAjJA dviSatAM pratnApAH / / dIpaka se lekara AkAza paryanta saba vastueM samAna svabhAva vAlI haiN| isa taraha vastu syAdvAda kI mudrA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatI / isa liye dIpaka kSaNika hI hai aura AkAza nitya hI hai yaha Apake mata se virodha rakhane vAloM kA pralApa hai|
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________________ 1. ] isa lekha ke prArambha meM hI vastu ko, dravyaparyAyAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| dravya eka nitya aura sAmAnya rUpa hotA hai| paryAya aneka anitya aura vizeSa rUpa hotI haiN| ataH dravyadRSTi se pratyeka vastu eka, nitya aura sAmAnya rUpa hai tathA paryAya dRSTi se aneka, anitya aura vizeSa rUpa hai| ___ amRtacandrAcArya ne pravacanasAra (gA0 113) kI TIkA meM kahA hai-saba vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hone se usake svarUpa ko dekhane vAloM kI do AMkhe haiN| eka AMkha yA dRSTi dravyAthika hai jo vastu ke sAmAnya rUpa ko dekhatI hai| dUsarI dRSTi paryAyAthika hai jo vastu ke vizeSa rUpa ko dekhatI hai / jaba paryAyAthika dRSTi ko banda karake kevala dravyAthika dRSTi se dekhate haiM to nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, deva, siddha paryAya rUpa vizeSoM meM rahane vAle eka jIva sAmAnya ko hI dekhane para aura paryAyoM ko dRSTi se ojhala karane para saba jIva dravya hI pratibhAsita hotA hai / aura jaba dravyAthika dRSTi ko banda karake paryAyAthika dRSTi se dekhate haiM taba jIva dravya meM hone vAlI nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya, deva aura siddha paryAya rUpa vizeSoM ko dekhane vAloM ko saba paryAya bhinna-bhinna pratI haiN| aura jaba donoM dRSTiyoM ko eka sAtha kholakara dekhate haiM to eka hI samaya meM nAraka Adi paryAyoM meM sthita jIva sAmAnya aura jIva sAmAnya meM hone vAlI nArakAdi paryAya vizeSa dRSTigocara hotI haiN| ata: eka dRSTi se dekhanA ekadeza dekhanA hai aura donoM dRSTiyoM se dekhanA pUrNa vastu kA avalokana hai| pUrNa avalokana anekAnta rUpa hai aura eka deza avalokana ekAnta rUpa hai| jo vastu ke ekadeza ko dekhakara use hI yathArtha mAnatA hai aura usI vastu ke anya dezoM kA niSedha karatA hai vaha ayathArthavAdI aura jo ekadeza ko dekhakara bhI anya dezoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA, unheM bhI yathArtha mAnatA hai, vaha yathArthavAdI hai / ataH pratyeka ekAnta dRSTi anya dRSTi se nirapekSa hone para miththA hai aura anya dRSTi sApekSa hone para saccI hai| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI anekAnta dRSTi meM saba ekAnta dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai / vahAM dvaita-advaitavAda, nitya-anityavAda, sAmAnya-vizeSavAda, eka-anekavAda, bheda-abhedavAda, bhAva-abhAvavAda paraspara meM mitratA ke sAtha rahate haiM / bhagavAna kA kahanA hai ki vyakti vastu ko apanI tatkAlIna dRSTi se dekhatA hai ata: vaha dRSTi satya kA aMza dekhatI hai| kintu usa ekAMzagrAhI dRSTi ko tabhI satya kahA jA sakatA hai jaba vaha satya ke zeSa aMzo ko bhI mAnya kre| yadi vaha apane hI ekAMza ke pUrNa satya kA Agraha karatI hai to mithyA hai / jaise kucha andhe hAthI ke -eka avayava ko sparza karane ke bAda hAyI ko apane-apane dekhe avayava ke rUpa meM hI satya mAnakara jhagar3ane TisamapAna vyakti ne unheM samajhAkara unake dvArA dekhe gaye saMDa. para. peTa. kAna Adi avayavoM ko joDakara unhe pUrNa hAthI kA jJAna karAyA / yahI sthiti anekAnta kI bhI hai| vaha bhI paraspara meM phaile vivAda ko dUra karake durAgraha ko haTAtA hai aura manuSya ko samanvayAtmaka dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvArA upadiSTa paramAgama kA to vahI prANa hai / usako samajhe binA na bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana ko samajhAyA jA sakatA hai aura na dharma ko / darzana meM jo anekAntavAda hai vaha ahiMsA kA hI pratirUpa hai| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra kA darzana aura dharma donoM ahiMsAtmaka haiM kyoMki unakA udgama nirvikAra zuddhAtma svarUpa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ahiMsAmaya antastala se huA hai|
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________________ * jaina nyAya : saMkSipta vivecana * -DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA nyAyAcArya 'nIyate paricchite jJAyate vastutattvaM yena sonyAyAH' isa nyAyazabda kI vyutyatti ke AdhArapara nyAya use kahA gayA hai jisake dvArA vastusvarUpa jAnA jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki vastusvarUpa ke pariccheda ke sAdhana (upAya) ko nyAya kahate haiN| kucha dArzanika nyAya ke isa svarUpa ke anusAra 'lakSaNa pramANAmyAmartha siddhi:'-1 lakSaNa aura pramANa se vastu kI siddhi (jJAna) mAnate haiN| anya dArzanika 'pramANararthaparIkSaNaM nyAyaH2-pramANoM se vastu-parIkSA batalAte haiM / katipaya tAkika paJcAvayava vAkya ke prayoga-anumAna ko nyAya kahakara usase vastu-paricchitti pratipAdana karate hai| jaina tAkika AcArya gaddhapicchane 'pramANanayaradhigamaH' (ta. sU. 1-6) sUtra dvArA pramANoM aura nayoM se vastu kA jJAna nirUpita kiyA hai / phalataH abhinava dharmabhUSaNane pramANa nayAtmako nyAyaH'-pramANa aura naya ko nyAya kahA haiM / ataH jaina mAnyatAnusAra pramANa aura naya donoM nyAya (vastvadhigama-upAya) haiN| pramANa-SaTkhaNDAgama meM jJAnamArgaNAnusAra ATha jJAnoM kA pratipAdana karate hue tIna jJAnoM (kumati, kuzrata aura avadhi) ko mithyAjJAna aura pAMca jJAnoM (mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala) ko samyarajJAna nirUpita kiyA hai| kundakunda ne usakA anusaraNa kiyA hai| gaddhapicchane7. usameM kucha nayA mor3a diyA hai| unhoMne mati Adi pAMca jJAnoM ko samyagjJAna to kahA hI hai, unheM pramANa bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| arthAta unhoMne matyAdirUpa paJcavidha samyagjJAna ko pramANakA lakSaNa batalAyA hai| samantabhadrane tatvajJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| unakA yaha tatvajJAna uparyukta samyagjJAna rUpa hI hai| samyaka aura tatva donoM kA eka hI artha hai aura vaha hai-styythaarth| ataH samyagjJAna ko yA tatvajJAna ko pramANa kahanA eka hI bAta hai| uttaravartI jaina tAkikoM ne prAyaH samyagjJAma ko hI pramANa kahA hai| akalaMka, vidyAnanda10 aura mANikyanandine11 usa samyagjJAna ko 'svApUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmaka' siddha kiyA aura pramANa lakSaNa meM upayukta vikAsa kiyA hai / vAdirAja,12 devasUri13, hemacaMdra,14 dharmabhUSaNa15 Adi paravartI tAkikoM ne prAyaH yahI pramANa-lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi hemacaMdra ne samyaka arthanirNaya ko pramANa kahA hai, para samyaka arthanirNaya aura samyagjJAna meM zAbdika bheda ke atirikta koI arthabheda nahIM hai| pramANa-bheda--pramANa ke kitane bheda sambhava aura Avazyaka haiM, isa dizA meM sarva prathama AcArya gaddhapicchane16 nirdeza kiyA hai / unhoMne pramANa ke do bheda batalAye haiM-1. parokSa aura 2. pratyakSa / pUrvokti pA~ca samyagjJAnoM meM Adi ke do jJAna-mati aura zrata parasApekSa hone se parokSa tathA anya tIna jJAna-avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala indriyAdi para sApekSa na hone evaM AtmamAtra kI apekSA se hone ke kAraNa pratthakSa-pramANa haiN| yaha pramANa-dvayakA pratipAdana itanA vicArapUrNa aura kuzalatA se kiyA gayA hai ki inhIM do meM saba pramANoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| mati (indriya-anindriyajanya anubhava), smRti, saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), cintA (tarka) aura abhinibodha (anumAna)
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________________ 12] ye pAMcoM jJAna indriya aura anindiya sApekSa hone se matijJAna ke hI avAntara bheda haiM aura isalie unakA parokSa meM hI antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai17 / jaina nyAya ke pratiSThAtA akalaMka ne18 bhI pramANa ke inhIM do bhedoM ko mAnya kiyA hai / vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne pratyeka ke lakSaNa aura bhedoM ko batalAte hue kahA hai ki vizada jJAna pratyakSa hai aura vaha mukhya tathA saMvyavahAra ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| isI taraha avizada jJAna parokSa hai aura usake pratyabhijJA Adi pAMca bheda haiN| ullekhya hai ki akalaMka ne upayukta parokSa meM prathama bheda mati (indriya-anindriyajanya anubhava )ko saMvyavahArapratyakSa bhI vaNita kiyA hai| isase indriya-anindriyajanya anubhava ko pratyakSa mAnane kI lokamAnyatA kA saMgraha ho jAtA hai aura Agama paramparA kA bhI saMrakSaNa rahatA hai| vidyAnanda19 aura mANikyanandi ne20 bhI pramANa ke yahI do bheda svIkAra kiye aura akalaMkakI taraha hI unake lakSaNa evaM prabheda nirUpita kiye haiN| uttaravartI jaina tAkikoM ne prAyaH isI prakAra kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| parokSa-parokSa kA spaSTa lakSaNa AcArya pUjyapAdane21 prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne batalAyA hai ki para arthAta indriya, mana, prakAza aura upadeza Adi vAhya nimittoM tathA svAvaraNakarma kSayopazamarUpa Abhyantara nimitta kI apekSA se AtmA meM jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha parokSa hai / yata: matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM ukta ubhaya nimittoM se utpanna hote haiM, ata: ye parokSa kahe jAte haiN| akalaMka ne22 isa lakSaNa ke sAtha parokSa kA eka lakSaNa aura diyA hai, jo unake nyAyagranthoM meM upalabdha hai / vaha hai avizada jJAna / arthAta aspaSTa jJAna parokSa hai| yadyapi donoM (parApekSa aura avizada jJAna) lakSaNoM meM tatvata: koI antara nahIM hai-jo parApekSa hogA vaha avizada hogA, phira bhI vaha dArzanika dRSTi se nayA evaM saMkSipta hone se adhika lokapriya aura grAhya huA hai| vidyAnanda ne23 donoM lakSaNoM ko apanAyA hai aura unheM sAdhya-sAdhana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| unakA mantavya hai kirApekSa hone ke kAraNa parokSa avizada hai / mANikyanandine24 parokSa ke isI avizadatA-lakSaNa ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura use pratyakSAdi pUrvaka hone ke kAraNa parokSa kahA hai / paravartI nyAya lekhakoM ne25 akalaMkIya parokSa lakSaNa ko hI prAyaH prazraya diyA hai| parokSa ke bheda-tatvArthasUtrakArane 26 parokSa ke do bheda kahe haiM-1 matijJAna aura 2 zrutajJAna / indriya aura manakI sahAyatA se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna matijJAna hai tathA matijJAna pUrvaka hone vAlA jJAna zrutajJAna hai| matijJAna aura zratajJAna ye parokSa ke Agamika bheda haiN| akalaMkadeva ne27 Agama ke ina parokSa bhedoM ko apanAte hae bhI unakA dArzanika dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| unake28 vivecanAnusAra parokSa pramANa kI saMkhyA to pAMca hI hai, kinta unameM mati ko chor3a diyA gayA hai, kyoMki use saMvyavahAra pratyakSa mAnA hai| tathA zruta (Agama) ko le liyA hai| isameM saiddhAntika aura dArzanika kisI dRSTi se bhI bAdhA nahIM hai| isa taraha parokSa ke mukhyatayA pA~ca bheda haiM-29 1 smRti, 2 saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), 3 cintA (tarka), 4 abhinibodha (anumAna) aura 5 zruta (aagm)| pUrvAnubhUta vastu ke smaraNa ko smRti' kahate haiM / jaise 'vaha' isa prakAra se ullikhita hone vAlA jJAna / anubhava tathA smaraNapUrvaka hone vAlA jor3arUpa jJAna 'saMjJA' jJAna hai| ise pratyabhijJA yA pratyabhijJAna bhI kahate haiM yathA-'yaha vahI hai', athavA 'yaha umI ke samAna hai' yA 'yaha usase vilakSaNa haiM' Adi / isake ekatva, sAdRzya, vasAdRzya, prAtiyogika Adi aneka bheda mAne gaye haiN| anvaya (vidhi) aura vyatireka (niSedha) pUrvaka hone vAlA cyAptikA jJAna 'cintA' athavA 'tarka' hai / Uha athavA UhA bhI ise kahate haiN| isakA udAharaNa hai-isake hone para hI yaha hotA hai aura nahIM hone para nahIM hI hotA / jaise-agni ke hone para hI dhuAM hotA hai aura agni ke abhAva meM ghaoM nahIM hI hotA / nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana se jo sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai vaha anumAna hai|
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________________ [ 13 jaise dhUmra se agni kA jJAna / zabda, saMketa Adi pUrvaka jo jJAna hotA hai vaha 'zruta' hai| ise Agama, pravacana Adi bhI kahate haiM / jaise--'meru Adika haiM' zabdoM ko sunakara sumeru parvata Adi kA bodha hotA hai| ye sabhI jJAna parApekSa aura avizada haiM / smaraNa meM anubhava, pratyabhijJAna meM anubhava tathA smaraNa, tarka meM anubhava, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna, anumAna meM liMgadarzana, vyAptismaraNa aura zrutaM meM zabda evaM saMketAdi apekSita haiM, unake binA unakI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai / ataeva ye aura isa prakAra ke upamAna, arthApatti Adi parApekSa avizada jJAna parIkSa pramANa mAne gaye haiM / kha -4 pratipAdita kiyA hai / akalaMka ne inake vivecana meM jo dRSTi apanAyI vahI dRSTi vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi Adi tArkikoM ne anusRta kI hai / vidyAnanda ne 30 pramANa-parIkSA meM aura mANikyanandi ne 31 prarIkSAmukha meM smRti Adi pAMcoM parokSa pramANoM kA vizadatA ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ina donoM tArkikoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne pratyeka kI sahetuka siddhi karake unakA parokSa meM hI samAveza kiyA hai| vidyAnanda ne 32 inakI pramANatA meM sabase bar3A hetu unakA avisaMvAdI honA batalAyA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA hai ki yadi koI smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura zruta ( pada- vAkyAdi ) apane viSaya meM visaMvAda (bAdhA ) utpanna karate haiM to ve smRtyAbhAsa, pratyabhijJAbhAsa, tarkAbhAsa, anumAnabhAsa aura zrutAbhAsa haiM / yaha pratipattAkA kartavya hai ki vaha sAvadhAnI aura yukti Adi pUrvaka nirNaya kare ki amuka smRti nirbAdha hone se pramANa hai aura amuka sabAdha (visaMvAdI) hone se apramANa hai / isI prakAra pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura zruta ke prAmANyAprAmANyakA nirNaya kre| ye pA~coM jJAna yataH avizada haiM, ata: parokSa haiM, yaha bhI vidyAnanda ne spaSTatA ke sAtha vidyAnanda kI 38 eka aura vizeSatA hai / vaha hai anumAna aura usake parikarakA vizeSa nirUpaNa / jitane vistAra ke sAtha unhoMne anumAna kA pratipAdana kiyA utanA smRti AdikA nahIM | tatvArthazlokavArtika aura pramANaparIkSA meM anumAna -nirUpaNa sarvAdhika hai / patraparIkSA meM to prAyaH anumAna kA hI zAstrArtha upalabdha hai / vidyAnanda ne 34 anumAna kA vahI lakSaNa diyA hai jo akalaMkadeva ne 35 prastuta kiyA hai / arthAt 'sAdhanAtsAdhyavijJAnamanumanam ' - sAghana se hone vAle sAdhya ke jJAna ko unhoMne anumAna kahA hai / sAdhana aura sAdhya kA vizleSaNa bhI unhoMne akalaMka pradarzita dizAnusAra kiyA hai| sAdhana 36 vaha hai jo sAdhya kA niyama se avinAbhAvI hai / sAdhya ke hone para hI hotA hai aura sAdhya ke na hone para nahIM hI hotaa| aisA avinAbhAvI sAghana hI sAdhya kA anumApaka hotA hai, anya nahIM / trilakSaNa, paMcalakSaNa Adi sAdhana lakSaNa sadoSa hone se yukta nahIM haiM 137 isa viSayakA vizeSa vivecana hamane anyatra 38 kiyA hai / sAdhya 39 vaha hai jo iSTa- abhipreta, zakya- abAdhita aura aprasiddha hotA hai / jo aniSTa hai, pratyakSAdi se bAdhita hai aura prasiddha hai vaha sAdhya - siddha karane yogya nahIM hotA / vastutaH jise siddha karanA hai use iSTa honA cAhie, aniSTa ko koI siddha nahIM krtaa| isI taraha jo bAdhita haisiddha karane ke ayogya hai, use bhI siddha nahIM kiyA jaataa| tathA jo siddha hai use punaH siddha karanA nirarthaka hai / ata: nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana ( hetu) se jo iSTa, abAdhita aura prasiddha rUpa sAdhya kA vijJAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha anumAna pramANa hai / anumAna ke do bheda haiM- 1. svArthAnumAna aura 2 parArthAnumAna / anumAtA jaba svayaM hI nizcita sAdhyAvinAbhAvI sAdhana se sAdhyakA jJAna karatA hai to usakA vaha jJAna svArthAnumAna kahA jAtA hai / udAharaNArtha - jaba vaha dhUpa ko dekhakara agni kA jJAna, rasa ko cakhakara usake sahacara rUpa kA jJAna yA kRtikA ke udaya ko dekhakara eka muhUrtta bAda hone vAle zakaTa ke udaya kA jJAna karatA hai taba usakA vaha jJAna svArthAnumAna hai| aura jaba vahI svArthAnumAtA ukta hetuoM aura sAdhyoM ko bAlakara dUsaroM ko una sAdhya sAdhanoM kI vyApti ( anyathAnupapatti ) grahaNa karAtA hai aura dUsare usake ukta vacanoM ko sunakara vyAptigrahaNa karake ukta hetuoM se ukta sAdhyoM kA jJAna karate haiM to dUsaroM kA vaha anumAna jJAna parArthAnumAna hai /
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________________ 14 ] kha-4 dharmabhUSaNa ne40 svArthAnumAna aura jJAnAtmaka parArthAnumAna ke sampAdaka tIna aGgoM aura do aGgoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| ve tIna aGga haiM-1. sAdhana, 2. sAdhya aura 3. dhrmii| sAdhana to gamakarUpa aGga hai, sAdhya gamyarUpa se aura dharmI donoM kA AdhAra rUpa se| do aGga haiM-pakSa aura hetu| java sAdhya dharma ko dharmI se pRthaka nahIM mAnA jAtA-usase viziSTa dharmI ko pakSa kahA jAtA hai, to pakSa aura hetu ye do hI aGga vivakSita hote haiN| ina donoM pratipAdanoM meM mAtra vivakSAbheda hai-maulika koI bheda nahIM hai| vacanAtmaka parArthAnumAna ke pratipAdyoM kI dRSTi se do, tIna, cAra, aura pAMca avayavoM kA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai| avayava pratijJA aura hetu haiN| udAharaNa sahita tIna, upanaya sahita cAra aura nigamana sahita ve pAMca avayava haiN| yahA~ ullekhanIya hai ki vidyAnanda ne parArthAnumAna ke akSarabhuta aura anakSarazruta do bhedoM ko prakaTa karate hue use akalaGka ke abhiprAyAnusAra zrutajJAna batalAyA hai aura svArthAnumAna ko abhinibodha rUpa matijJAna vizeSa kahA hai| Agama kI prAcIna paramparA yahI hai421 zrutajJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAnta rAyakarma ke kSayopazama vizeSarUpa antaraMga kAraNa tathA matijJAnarUpa bahiraMga kAraNa ke hone para mana ke viSaya ko jAnane vAlA jo avizada jJAna hotA hai vaha zratajJAna hai43 / athavA Aptake vacana, aMgulI Adi ke saMketa se hone vAlA aspaSTa jJAna zruta hai / yaha zrutajJAna santatikI apekSA anAdi nidhana hai| usakI utpAdaka sarvajJa paramparA bhI anAdinidhana hai / vIjAGakurasantati kI taraha donoM kA pravAha anAdi hai / ataH sarvajJokta vacanoM se utpanna jJAna zratajJAna hai aura vaha nirdoSa puruSajanya evaM avizada hone se parokSa pramANa hai| . pratyakSa-jo indriya, mana, prakAza Adi parakI apekSA nahIM rakhatA aura AtmamAtra kI apekSA se hotA hai vaha pratyakSa jJAna hai44 / akalaGkadevane 45 isa lakSaNa ko AtmasAt karate hue bhI eka nayA lakSaNa aura prastuta kiyA hai, jo dArzanikoM dvArA adhika grAhya aura lokapriya huA hai| vaha hai vizada jJAna / jo jJAna vizada arthAta anumAnAdijJAnoM se adhika vizeSa pratibhAsI hotA hai vaha pratyakSa hai| udAharaNArtha-'agni hai' aise kisI vizvasta vyakti ke vacana se utpanna athavA vahA~ agni hai, kyoMki dhuAM dikha rahA hai| aise dhamAdi sAdhanoM se janita 'agnijJAna' se 'yaha agni hai' agni ko dekhakara hue agnijJAna meM jo vizeSa pratibhAsarUpa vaiziSTya anubhava meM AtA hai usI kA nAma vizadatA hai aura yaha vizadatA hI pratyakSa kA lakSaNa hai / tAtparya yaha ki jahA~ aspaSTa jJAna parokSa hai vahA~ spaSTa jJAna pratyakSa hai| pratyakSa ke bheda--pratyakSa ke bhedoM kA nirdeza sarvaprathama AcArya gaddhapicchane46 kiyA hai| unhoMne batalAyA hai ki pratyakSa tIna prakAra kA hai-1. avadhipratyakSa, 2. mana:paryayapratyakSa aura aura 3. kevala pratyakSa / pUjyapAdane47 inheM do bhedoM meM bAMTA hai-1. dezapratyakSa aura 2. sarvapratyakSa / avadhi aura manaHparyaya ye do pratyakSajJAna58 mustika padArtha ko hI jAnane ke kAraNa deza pratyakSa haiM aura kevala pratyakSa69 mUttika aura amUttika sabhI padArthoM ko viSaya karane se sarvapratyakSa hai| kintu tInoM hI AtmamAtra ko apekSA se hone aura indriyAdi parakI apekSA se na hone tathA pUrNa vizada hone se pratyakSa haiN| akalaMkadeva ne50 Agama kI isa paramparA ko apanAte hae bhI usameM kucha mor3a diyA hai| unhoMne pratyakSa ke mukhya aura saMvyavahAra ke bheda se naye do bhedoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| loka meM indriya aura manojanya jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| para jaina darzana unheM parokSa mAnatA hai| akalaka ne pratyakSa kA eka saMvyavahAra bheda svIkAra kara usake dvArA unakA saMgraha kiyA aura vyavahAra (upacAra) se unheM pratyakSa kahA / isa prakAra unhoMne Agama aura loka donoM dRSTiyoM meM sumela sthApita kara unake vivAda ko sadA ke lie zAnta kiyaa| eka dUsare sthAna para unhoMne51 pratyakSa ke tIna bhI bheda batalAye haiM-1. indriya pratyakSa, 2. anindriya pratyakSa aura 3. atIndriya pratyakSa / prathama ke do pratyakSa saMvyavahAra pratyakSa hI haiM, kyoMki ve indriya pUrvaka va ani.
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________________ kha - 4 [ 15 ndriyapUrvaka hote haiN| anta kA atIndriya pratyakSa mukhya pratyakSa hai, kyoMki vaha indriya aura mana kI apekSA na karake AtmamAtra kI apekSA se utpanna hotA hai / vidyAnanda ne 52 ina pratyakSa bhedoM kA vizadatA aura vistAra pUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA hai / indriya pratyakSa ke Arambha meM avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ye cAra bheda haiN| ye cAroM pA~ca indriyoM aura bahu Adi bAraha artha bhedoM ke nimitta se hote haiN| vyaMjanAvagraha cakSu aura manase nahIM hotA, kevala cAra indriyoM se bahu bahu Adi bAraha prakAra ke arthoM meM hotA hai / ataH 4 X 125 = 240 aura 14124 = 48 kula 288 indriya pratyakSa ke bheda haiN| anindriya pratyakSa ke 412 x 148 bheda haiN| indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa ye donoM matijJAna arthAt saMvyavahAra pratyakSa haiN| ataeva saMvyavahAra pratyakSa ke kula 336 bheda hai atIndriya pratyakSa ke do bheda haiM1. vikala pratyakSa aura 2. sakala pratyakSa vikala pratyakSa bhI do prakAra kA hai--1. avadhijJAna aura 2. mana:paryayajJAna | sakala pratyakSa mAtra eka hI prakAra kA hai aura vaha hai kevala pratyakSa inakA vizeSa vivecana pramANaparIkSA se dekhanA caahie| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM pramANa ke mUlataH pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hI bheda mAne gaye haiM / 1 pramANa kA viSaya -- janadarzana meM yataH vastu anekAntAtmaka hai, ataH pratyakSa pramANa ho, cAhe parokSa pramANa sabhI sAmAnya vizeSarUpa, dravya-paryAyarUpa, bhedAbhedarUpa, nityAnityarUpa Adi anekAntAtmaka vastu ko viSaya karate arthAt jAnate haiN| koI bhI pramANa kevala sAmAnya mA kevala vizeSa Adi rUpa vastuko viSaya nahIM karate, kyoMki vaisI vastu hI nahIM haiM / vastu to anekAntarUpa hai aura vahI pramANa kA viSaya hai54 / pramANa kA phala - pramANa kA phala arthAt prayojana vastu ko jAnanA aura usakA ajJAna dUra honA hai / yaha pramANa kA sAkSAtphala hai| vastu ko jAnane ke uparAnta usake grAhya hone para usameM grahaNa buddhi, heya hone para heyabuddhi aura upekSaNIya hone para upekSA buddhi hotI hai / ye buddhiyA~ usakA paramparA phala haiM / pratyeka pramAtAko ye donoM phala upalabdha hote haiM / naya padArthoM kA yathArthajJAna jahA~ pramANa se akhaNDa (samagra) rUpa meM hotA hai, vahA~ naya se khaNDa (aM) rUpa meM hotA hai| dharmI kA jJAna pramANa aura dharma ko jJAna naya haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vasvaMzagrAhIjJAna naya hai| yaha mUlataH do prakAra kA hai- 1. pratyAdhika aura 2. paryAyAyika athavA 1. nizcaya aura 2. vyavahAra dravyArthika dravya ko paryAyAyika paryAya ko nizcaya amayogI ko aura vyavahAra saMyogI ko grahaNa karatA hai| ina mUla nayoM ke avAntara bhedoM kA nirUpaNa jaina zAstroM meM vipulamAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai| vastu ko sahI rUpa meM jAnane ke lie unakA sUkSma se sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai / vistAra ke kAraNa vaha yahA~ nahIM kiyA jAtA / yahA~ hamane jaina nyAya kA saMkSepa meM parizIlana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yoM usake vivecana ke lie eka pUrA grantha apekSita hai| - 1, 2, 3, nyAya dI. Ti. pR. 5, vIrasevAmandira prakAzana 4. vahI pR0 5 5. SaTakhaM 1 / 1 / 15 6. niyamasA0, gA 10, 11, 12 7. ta. sU. 1910 8. Apta mI. 101 9. 10. 11. 12. pramANanirNaya, pR0 1 0 na0 ta0 12 13. pra0 mI0 1 / 1 / 2 laghIya. kA. 60 pramANapa0 pR0 4, vIrasevAmaMdira TrasTa prakAzana parI0 mu0 1-11 14. zyA0 dI0 pR0 9 15. 'tatpramANo', 'Aye parokSam', 'pratyakSamanyat
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________________ 35. ta0 sU0 1-10, 11, 12 16. 'matiH smRti: saMjJA cintA'minibodha ityana ntiram'-ta0 sU0 1.13 17. laghIya0 1-3, pramANa saM0 1-2 18. pra. parI0 pR0 28, 41, 42 19. parI0 mu02-1, 2, 3, 5, 11 tathA 3-1,2 parANIndriyANi manazca prakAzopadezAdi ca bAhyanimittaM pratItya tadAvaraNa karma kSayopazamApekSasyAtmano matizrataM utpadyamAnaM parokSa mityAkhyAyate |'-s. si01-11 21. 'tathopAttAna pAttA para pratyayApekSa parokSam'-ta0 vA0 1-11 / 'jJAnasyaiva vizada nirbhAsitaH pratyakSatvam, itarasya parokSatA laghIya. 1-3 kI svopajJavRtti 22. 'parokSamavizada jJAnAtmakam, parokSatvAt' pramANa parI0 pR0 41 23. 'parokSamitarat', 'pratyakSAdi nimintaM smRti pratyabhijJAna tAnumAnAgama bhedam'-parI0 mu0 3-1, 2 24. 'avizada: parokSam,-pra0 mI0 1121 Adi 'Adya parokSama'-ta. sU0 1-11 26. pra0 saM0 1-2, laghI0 1.3 27. 'parokSa pratyabhijJAdi pramANe iti saMgrahaH / ' pramANa saM02 'avisaMvAda smRte: phalasya hetutvAt pramANaM dhaarnnaa| smatiH saMjJAyA: pratyava marzasya / saMjJA cintAyAH tarkasya cintA abhinibodhasya anumAnAdeH, prAk zabda yojanAt zeSaM zruta jJAnamaneka prabhedam |'-lghiiy 2-10 kI 34. 'sAdhanAtsAdhya vijJAnama numAnaM tadatya ye / ' nyA0 vi0 dvi. bhA0 211 'tatra sAdhanaM sAdhyAvinAbhAva niyama nizcayaka lakSaNam |'-pr0 pa. pu. 45 36. pra. pa. pu. 45 se 49 jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra, pa. 92, vIra sevAmandira TrasTa prakAzana 1969 / 38. pra. 10 pR0 57 39. nyA. dI0pa072, 3-24 40. pra0pa0 10 58 41. vizeSa ke lie dekheM, 'jaina tarka zAstra meM anu mAna vicAra, pRSTha 77-85 42. pra0pa0 pR0 58 43. sa. si. 1 / 12, pR. 103 44. laghI013 'pratyakSamanyat'-ta0 suu1|12|s. si0 121 ko utthAnikA tadadvedhA-deza pratyakSaM sarva pratyakSaM ca / deza pratyakSamavadhimana:paryaya jJAne / sarva pratyakSaM kevalam / ' -sa0si0 1 / 21 kI utthAnikA 46. ta0 sU0 1127, 28 47. ta0 sU0 1229 48. ladhI0 123 49. pra0 saM0 svopajJavRtti 12 'tata trividhama-indriyAnindriyAtIndriya pratyakSa vikalpAt / tatrendriya pratyakSaM sAMbyavahArikaMdezatovizadatvAt / tadvadanindriyapratyakSam ......" | atIndriyapratyakSaM tu dvividhaM vikala pratyakSaM sakala pratyakSaM ceti / vikala pratyakSamapi dvividhamaavadhijJAnaM manaHparyayajJAnaM ceti / sakala pratyakSa tu kevalajJAnama / tadetastrividhamapimudhyaM pratyakSama, mano'kSAnapekSa-tvAta........." / ' pra0pa0 pR0 38, anucchada 91 / 51. pra0 pa0 pR0 40 52. vahI, pR0 65 53. vahI, pR0 66 54. laghI0 naya praveza, kA0 30-46 28. vRtti 29. pra. pa0 pu. 41 se 65 30. pa. mu0 3 / 1 se 101 31. 'smRtiH pramANam, avisaMvAda katvAt, pratyakSa vat / yatra tu visaMvAdaH sA smRtyAbhAsA, pratyakSAbhAsavat |'-pr0p0 pu. 42 pra. pa. pa. 45 se 58 33. pra. pa. pu. 45 32 |
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________________ gRhastha jIvana kA jaina Adarza -DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodhAdi samasta Atmika vikAroM ke pUrNavijetA (jayatIti jina:) jina bhagavAna jinake iSTadeva haiM (jino devatA asya saH janaH) aise jaina vartamAna meM antima tIrthaGkara jinendra mahAvIra (599-527 IsA pUrva) dvArA punaruddhArita, saMzodhita evaM vyavasthita dharmazAsana ke anuyAyI haiM / RSama, Aheta, vrAtya, zramaNa, nirgranya, anekAnta, syAdvAda, bhavya, zrAvaka (sarAvaga, sarAvagI), jaina Adi vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita yaha dhArmika paramparA nivRtti, ahiMsA, samatA evaM sadAcAra pradhAna hai / AtmAnuzAsana pUrvaka dharma-arthakAma rUpI trivarga kA sAdhana karate hue abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa kA sAmaMjasyapUrNa sampAdana isa paramparA meM gRhastha jIvana kA Ardaza hai| apane dharmatIrtha kA pravartana karate samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAdhakoM ko caturvidha saMgha meM suvyavasthita kiyA thaa| muni-AryikA,-zrAvaka-zrAvikA ukta saMgha ke cAra aMga the| prathama do gRha athavA saMsAra tyAgI ve sAdhu-sAdhviyAM the jinhoMne saMsAra-deha-bhogoM se virakta hokara ekAnta AtmasAdhana kA vrata liyA / kintu aisI mahAna AtmAeM atyanta virala hotI haiM; unakA lakSya svapara kalyANa hotA hai / AtmasAdhana se jitanA bhI samaya bacatA hai, vaha ve zeSa samasta saMsAragrasta janatA ke patha pradarzana evaM hita-upadeza meM vyaya karate haiN| adhikAMza janasaMkhyA gRhastha strI-puruSoM kI hotI hai jo AhAra-bhaya-maithuna-parigraha nAmaka saMjJAoM se prerita hokara bhogeSNA-putreSNA-vitteSNA * lokeSNA Adi vividha icchAoM kI sampUrti meM saMlagna rahate haiM / artha (utpAdana arjana) aura kAma (bhogopabhoga) puruSArthoM meM ve itane vyasta rahate haiM ki anya kisI ora dhyAna dene kA unheM prAyaH avakAza hI nahIM hotA / tathApi, unameM se jo strI puruSa deva-guru-zAstra kA sAmIpya prApta karane ke
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________________ 15 ] kadAcita icchuka hote haiM aura saMsarga prApta hone para unake hitakArI vacanoM ko vinaya pUrvaka sunate haiM (zraNoti hita vAkyAni yaH sa zrAvakaH ) tathA ukta upadezoM para yathAzakya, alpAdhika AcaraNa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ve samasta puruSa zrAvaka aura striyAM zrAvikAeM kahalAtI haiN| apane AcAra-vicAra se ye zrAvaka zrAvikAeM jaina dRSTi meM gRhastha jIvana kA jo Adarza hai use prastuta karate haiM, athavA use prastuta karane kI unase apekSA kI jAtI hai / mokSapAhur3a meM zramaNoM (sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ) ke dharma kA pratipAdana karane ke pazcAt AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM, 'sAvayANaM puNa suNasu' (aba zrAvakoM ke dharma ke viSaya meM suno) : hiMsA rahiye dhamme aTThArahadosa vajjiya deve // NiggaMthe pavvayaNe, sadahaNaM hoI sammataM // arthAt hiMsA rahita (ahiMsA) dharma meM, aSTAdaza doSa vivajita deva (arhanta bhagavAna) meM, nirgrantha ( niSparigrahI ) guruoM meM ora pravacana ( Apta vacanoM) meM jo zraddhAna karatA hai vaha samyaktvI arthAt zrAvaka (jaina) hotA hai / bhagavAna kI vANI hai ki kha-4 ehu dhammu jo Acaraha- vaMgaNu sudaddhi koI / so sAhu, fka sAvayahi aNNa ki siramaNi hoI // aise (ahiMsA rUpI jina ) dharma kA jo koI bhI AcaraNa karatA hai, cAhe vaha brAhmaNa ho athavA zUdra, vahI zrAvaka (jainI) hotA hai, varnA kyA zrAvaka ke sira para koI maNi lagI hotI hai / samasta jIvAtmAoM ke samatva para AdhArita yaha ahiMsA, saMyama evaM sadAcaraNa pradhAna dharma, varNa, jAti kula, varga, liMga Adi kisI prakAra ke bhI UMca-nIca yA bhedabhAva ko prAzraya nahIM detA / usakI dRSTi meM 'Navi deho caMdijjaI, Naviya kulo Naviya jAIsaMjutto' zarIra, kula jAti Adi bAhyarUpa baMdanIya nahIM haiM, vaha guNapUjaka hai aura Atmonnayana usakA lakSya hai / "jIo aura jIne do' meM tathA dUsaroM ke sAtha vaisA vyavahAra karo jaisA ki tuma cAhate ho ve tumhAre sAtha kareM, ke siddhAnta meM usakA vizvAsa hotA hai / apane nAmAkSaro meM nihita artha - zraddhA, viveka evaM karma (satkarma) kA apane jIvana meM sAmanjasya sthApita karane meM prayatnazIla zrAvaka-zrAvikA pUrNatayA gRhAzramI - gRhastha hote haiM, saMsAra meM rahate haiM, saMsArI haiM, apane kauTumbika, pArivArika, sAmAjika rASTrIya jIvana ko sotsAha jIte haiN| jisa kisI bhI zAsana tantra ke adhIna rahate haiM usake nAgarikoM se apekSita kartavyoM kA pAlana karate haiM aura adhikAroM kA upabhoga karate haiM / artha kA utpAdana evaM arjana karane meM apanI zakti evaM kSamatAoM kA yathAsaMbhava upayoga karate haiM aura apanI icchAoM kI pUrti evaM bhogopabhoga meM usakA vyaya karate haiM / kintu jaina gRhastha se yaha apekSA bhI kI jAtI hai ki vaha uparokta
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________________ kha-4 [ 19 artha evaM kAma puruSArthoM ke sAtha dharma puraSArtha kA samanvaya banAye rakkheM, artha sAdhana bhI dharma evaM nyAyapUrvaka kare aura bhogopabhoga meM bhI dharma viruddha AcaraNa na kare / usake AcAra meM aMhiMsApUrNa sahaastitva kI aura vicAra meM anaikAntika sahiSNatA kI pratiSThA hotI hai| eka jaina gRhastha deva (arhanta aura siddha), zAstra (arhanta tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza) aura guru (AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAmAnya sAdhu) kA zraddhAnI, upAsaka,ArAdhaka aura pUjaka hotA hai / vahI usake Adarza haiM, jinake samAna ho jAne kI vaha vAMchA karatA hai| ye arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu hI usake paMca parama guru-paMca parameSTi haiM, unake namaskAra rUpa paMcanamaskAra maMtra usakA mahAmaMtra hai jisakA jApa aura pATha vaha karatA haiN| vaha ina arhanta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma ko hI maMgala-rUpa, lokottama evaM apane lie eka mAtra zaraNa samajhatA hai| arhantoM meM RSabhAdi mahAvIra paryanta caturviMzati tIrthaMkara devoM kI vaha vizeSarUpa se pUjA upAsanA bhakti karatA hai| ___ jaina gRhastha ke aSTamUlaguNa batAye gaye hai, jinameM sarva prakAra ke sAmiSa padArtho (mAMsAhAra) kA tyAga, madyAdi mAdaka peyoM evaM anya mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana kA tyAga, anya aneka tAmasika Adi abhakSyoM ke bhakSaNa kA tyAga, AkheTa, zikAra, pazuoM kI lar3AI Adi hiMsaka manoraMjanoM evaM vyasanoM kA tyAga, vyabhicAra (para strI yA parapuruSa, vezyAdi sevana ) kA tyAga, corI, apaharaNa Adi kA tyAga, sarvaprakAra ke dyUtasevA (jue) kA tyAga, rAtri bhojana (sUryAsta ke pazcAt bhojana karane) kA tyAga aura anachane pAnI Adi peya padArtho ko pIne kA tyAga sammilita haiN| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki eka gRhastha ko jaina banane kA OMnamaH tyAga ke sAtha karanA par3atA hai aura pratyakSa hI hai ki ukta tyAga kA lakSya usake AcaraNa kA parimArjana, pariSkAra evaM saMskAra karanA hai, jo zanaiH zanaiH hI hotA hai / inake atirikta Agama sUtroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA zrAvaka ke prAthamika guNoM kA jo saMketa kiyA gayA hai usake anusAra use appecchA (alpa icchA vAlA), appariggahA (alpa parigraha vAlA), appAraMbhA (alpa Arambha vAlA) kahA gayA hai tathA usake lie dhArmika (dhammie), dharmAnuga yA dharma kA anusaraNa karane vAlA (dhammANue), dharmiSTha (dhammiTTha), dharma kI khyAti-AkhyAna karane vAlA (dhammakkha hi), dharma kA pralokana-prakAza karane vAlA (dhammappaloI), dharmAnuraMjita-dharma ke raMga meM raMgA huA (dhammapalajjaNo), dharmazIla-sadAcAra kA AcaraNa karane vAlA (dhammasIlasamudAyAre) tathA dharmapUrvaka ajIvikA urpAjana karane vAlA (dhammeNa ceva vitti karappemANe) vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| usakI yaha abhilASA rahatI hai ki eka na eka dina vaha parigraha kA tyAga kara pAve, agAra chor3a anagAra bana pAye aura anta meM sallekhanApUrvaka maraNa kara paave| paM0 azAdharajI ne sAgAradharmAmRta (adhyAya 1)meM kahA hai ki jo vyakti sAgAra-dharma arthAta zrAvakAcAra kA vidhivata pAlana karane ke unmukha ho usameM nimnokta 17 guNa hone cAhieM-(1) nyAyapUrvaka dravya upArjana karanA (2) guNIjanoM kA sammAna karanA (3) satyabhASI (4) dharma-artha-kAmarUpa trivarga kA nivirodha sevana (5) yogya
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________________ 20 ] strI se vivAha sambandha karanA (6) upayukta bastI yA muhalle meM rahanA ( 7 ) upayukta makAna meM nivAsa karanA (8) lajjAzIla honA (9) yogya bhojana pAna karanA (10) upayukta AcaraNa karanA (11) uttama puruSoM kI saMgati karanA ( 12 ) buddhimattA (13) kRtajJatA (14) jitendriyatA (15) dharmopadeza zravaNa karanA (16) dayAlutA aura (17) pApa se bhaya karanA / AcArya nemicanda ne pravacanasAroddhAra meM batAyA ki nimnokta 21 guNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zrAvaka hI aNuvratAdi vratoM kI sAdhanA karane ke yogya hotA hai-akSudrapana, svasthatA, saumyatA, lokapriyatA, akrUratA, pApabhIrutA, azaThatA, dAnazIlatA, lajjAzIlatA, dayAlutA, guNAnurAga, priyasambhASaNa yA saubhyadRSTi, madhyastha vRtti, dIrghadRSTi, yuktiyukta, satya kA pakSa karanA, namratA, vizeSajJatA, vRddhAnugAmI honA, kRtajJatA, parahitakArI yA paropakArI honA aura labdhalakSya arthAt jIvana ke sAdhya kA jJAtA honA / kha -4 hemacandrAcArya ne apane yogazAstra ( prathama prakAza) meM zrAvaka ke aise prAthamika guNoM kI saMkhyA 35 dI hai aura unheM mArgAnusArI guNa kahA hai, yathA - nyAyapUrvaka dhanopArjana, jJAnavRddha, vayovRddha ziSTajanoM kA sammAna, samAna kulazIla sAdharmI kintu bhinna gotrotpanna vyakti ke sAtha vihAha sambandha, corI, parastrIgamana, jhUTha Adi pApAcAra kA parityAga, svadeza ke hitakara AcAra-vicAra evaM saMskRti kA pAlana-saMrakSaNa, paranindA se bacanA, upayuk makAna meM nivAsa, sadAcArI janoM kI saMgati, mAtA-pitA kA sammAna sarakAra evaM unheM santuSTa rakhanA, jisa nagara yA grAma kA vAtAvaNa azAnta arAjakatApUrNa ho vahA~ nivAsa nahIM karanA, deza - jAti kula viruddha AcaraNa na karanA, dezakAlAnusAra veSabhUSA evaM rahana-sahana rakhanA, Aya se adhika vyaya na karanA aura anucita kAryoM meM vyaya na karanA, dharmazravaNa kI icchA rakhanA, zAstra carcA tatva carcA Adi meM rasa lenA, jIvana ko uttarottara ucca evaM pavitra banAne kA prayatna, ajIrNa hone para bhojana na karanA, samaya para bhojana karanA, bhUkha se adhika na khAnA, dharma-artha- kAma kA nirvirodha sevana, atithi- dIna- sAdhujanoM ko yathAyogya dAna denA, AgrahazIlana honA, saujanya, audArya, dAkSiNya Adi guNoM kI prApti meM prayatnazIla honA, ayogya deza evaM ayogya kAla meM gamanAgamana na karanA, AcAravRddha-jJAnavRddha janoM ko svagRha para AmaMtrita kara unakI satkAra sevA karanA, mAtA pitA patni putra putrI Adi Azrita janoM kA yathAyogya bharaNa-poSaNa karanA aura unake vikAsa meM sahAyaka honA, dIrghadarzitA, vivekazIlatA, kRtajJatA, nira-ahaMkAra, vinamratA, lajjAzIlatA, karuNAzIlatA, saumyatA, paropakAritA, kAma-krodha-lobha-moha - saha matsarya Adi Atiraka zatruoM se bace rahane kA prayatna, aura indriyoM kI ucchRnkhalatA para rokathAma / kavivara banArasIdAsa ne bhI zrAvaka ke 21 guNa ginAye haiM / ina tAlikAoM meM aneka guNa abhinna yA samAna haiN| ina guNoM ke saMketa se purAtana AcAryoM kA abhiprAya yahI pratIta hotA hai ki zrAvaka kI bhUmikA ko samucita DhaMga se nibhAne ke lie vyakti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki sarvaprathama vaha svayaM mAnavocita vyAvahArika sadaguNoM kA vikAsa karake eka sabhya, ziSTa, sarvapriya, upayogI nAgarika evaM samAja kA prazaMsanIya sadasya bana jAya ainA vyakti hI sacce arthoM meM zrAvaka
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________________ [ 21 banane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai aura zrAvaka kahalAne kA adhikArI hai| kama se kama eka zrAvaka se yaha apekSA to kI hI jAtI hai ki vaha zrAvaka ke sabhI uparokta prAthamika guNoM ko apane vyaktitva meM vikasita karane, apane jIvana meM utArane aura apane vyavahAra meM caritArtha karane ke lie buddhipUrvaka prayatnazIla rhe| taduparAnta eka jaina gRhastha pAMca aNuvratoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, jinameM se prathama ahiMsANuvrata (sthUla hiMsA viramaNa vrata) hai jisameM AraMbhI (khAna-pAna gRha kArya sambandhI), udyogI (kRSi, vyApAra, vyavasAya Adi se (sambandhita) aura virodhI (deza, dharma, parivAra, mana, dhana Adi kI rakSArtha kI jAne vAlI) hiMsA kA vaha tyAgI nahIM hotA, kintu jAnabUjhakara, dveSa, krodha, vaira-virodha meM yA zauka, vyasana, manoraMjana Adi ke lie, athavA pramAda, asAvadhAnI yA lAparavAhI ke kAraNa dUsare manuSyoM athavA pazupakSi Adi kA prANaghAta karane rupa saMkalpI hiMsA kA vaha yAgI hotA hai / satyANuvrata (sthUlamRSAvAda viramaNa) kA pAlana vaha hita-mita-priya vacana vyavahAra dvArA karatA hai / jhUThe, asatya, anRta, atizayoktipUrNa, chalakapaTa, nAmaka, bhaMDa, azlIla, kaDue, karkaza, kaThora, krUra nirdayatApUrNa bacanoM ke bIlane se vaha paraheja karatA hai, jAnabUjhakara kisI ke mana ko dukhane vAle yA aniSTa kara vacana nahIM bolatA, vAksaMyamI aura ziSTabhASI hone kA prayatna karatA hai / acauryANuvrata ke dvArA vaha pratijJA karatA hai ki anya kisI bhI vyakti kI kisI prakAra kI cala yA acala sampatti kI corI, apaharaNa, amAnata meM khayAnata, lUTa-khasoTa vaha nahIM karegA, dhokhA, beImAnI, ThagI, chalakapaTa, phareba, Adi se dUra rhegaa| zIlANuvrata dvArA vaha pratijJA karatA hai ki apanI nyAyya vivAhita patnI (strIpakSa meM svapati) ko chor3akara anya kisI vyakti se-kAma prasaMga, maithunAdi nahIM karegA aura parigrahaparimANa aNuvrata meM vaha apanI AvazyakatAoM evaM icchAoM ko sImita rakhane kA prayatna karatA hai aura pratijJA karatA hai ki amuka sImA se yadi usakI sampatti bar3ha jAyagI to vaha ukta zeSa dravya ko na apane upayoga meM legA, na usakA saMcaya karegA, varan use dharmArtha arthAt paropakAra yA janatA ke hita meM vyaya kregaa| ___ ina pAMca aNuvratoM ke poSaNa ke lie vaha cAra zikSAvratoM (sAmayika, proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhoga parimANa evaM atithisaMvibhAga), tathA tIna guNavatoM (digvata, dezavrata aura arnathadaMDavata) kA pAlana karatA hai| pratyeka vrata ke katipaya aticAra hote haiM, jinakI vidyamAnatA meM vrata bhaMga to nahIM hotA kintu usameM dUSaNa lagatA hai / ataeva Adarza jaina kA prayatna hotA hai ki vaha jina vratoM ko grahaNakaratA hai unakA yathAzakya niraticAra pAlana kre| yaha sAdhanA AMzika hai, prAthamika hai, tathApi sAdhaka ke jIvana evaM vyavahAra para usakA suprabhAva hotA hI hai| aba se lagabhaga sattara varSa pUrva sva0 dIvAna bahAdura e0bI0 laThe mahodaya ne bhAratIya daNDa vidhAna ke sAtha jaina gRhastha ko acAra saMhitA kA vizleSNAtmaka samIkaraNa karake yaha pratipAdana kiyA thA ki ukta daNDavidhAna kI atha se anta taka eka bhI dhArA aisI nahIM hai jisakA zrAvakAcAra meM vaNita sthUla vratoM kA sthUla rUpa se pAlana karane vAlA bhI koI jaina gRhastha ullaMghana kara sake, itanA hI nahIM, san 1891 kI jela eDaminisTrezana riporTa
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________________ 22 ] ke AdhAra se unhoMne yaha bhI prakaTa kiyA thA ki unakA ukta niSkarSa mAtra kAlpanika yA saiddhAMtika hI nahIM hai varan vyavahArya evaM vAstavika hai kyoMki ukta riporTa ke anusAra jaba ki pratyeka 477 IsAiyoM meM se eka, 481 yahUdiyoM meM se eka, pratyeka 604 musalamAnoM meM se eka, pratyeka 1509 hinduoM meM se eka aura pratyeka 2549 pArasiyoM meM se eka daNDavidhAna ke antargata daMDita hokara jela kI sajA bhoga rahe the taba pratyeka 6165 jainoM meM se eka vyakti vaisI sajA kATa rahA thaa| san 1901 meM yaha anupAta aura bhI kama ho gayA arthAt 7355 jainoM ke pIche kevala eka vyakti hI daMDita aparAdhI pAyA gyaa| prazAsana, adAlatoM, vyApAra aura vyasAya meM bhI jaina jana apanI saccAI, ImAnadArI, vacana nirvAha evaM sAkha ke lie anya samasta samAjoM kI apekSA adhika pratiSThA prApta rahe haiN| eka saccA na gRhastha nApa-taula meM kamI-bezI karane se, padArthoM meM milAvaTa karane se, kAlA bAjAra se, corI kA mAla lene-dene se, utkoca-ghUsa (rizvata) ke AdAna pradAna se, dUsaroM kA zoSaNa Adi karane se sadA dUra rhegaa| vaha kSamA-mAdarva-Arjava-satya-zauca-saMyama-tapa-tyAga-Akincanya-brahmacarya rUpI daza-lAkSaNa dharma kA cintana manana karane meM tathA unheM apane jIvana meM utArane meM prayatnazIla rahatA hai| 'devapUjA-gurupAsti-svAdhyAya-saMyamastapaH-dAnazceti SaTkarmaNidinedine' - jainagRhastha ina SaDAvazyaka karaNIya karmoM ko pratidina yathAzakti karatA hai| ina Avazyaka nitya kartavyoM meM antima.dAnakA vizeSa mahatva hai| vyavahArya jaina dharma ke pravRtyAtmaka rUpoM meM dAna pravRtti sarvopari hai / isake prAyaH cAra bheda kiye jAte haiMAhAra, auSadha, zAstra aura abhaya / eka sadagRhastha AtmArthI gRhatyAgI sAdhu sAdhviyoM ko unake upayukta AhAra-pAna saharSa evaM sAdara pradAna karake unake dharmAsAdhana meM sahAyaka hotA hai aura dInadusnI bhUkhe pyAse janoM kI kSudhA nivAraNa karane meM, abhAvagrastoM ke abhAvoM kA yathAzakya nivAraNa karane meM ahobhAgya mAnatA hai / jo rogI haiM unheM rogamukta karane ke lie auSadhAlayoM, AturAlayoM, cikitsAlayoM Adi kI sthApanA Adi sahAyatA, niHzulka auSadhi vitaraNa tathA rogI kI suzruSA-paricaryA Adi ke rUpa meM vaha auSadhidAna nAmaka apane Avazyaka kartavya kA pAlana karatA hai / sadsAhitya kA nirmANa vA nirmANa meM sahAyatA dAna, usake prakAzana, vitaraNa meM yoga, jJAna kendroM evaM zikSA saMsthAoM ko sthApanA sahAyatA, svayaM dUsaroM ko jJAna-dAna denA athavA usake diye jAne kI sAdhana suvidhAyeM upalabdha karanA-karAnA jaina samudAya kA zAstra dAna hai| kisI bhI prANI ko mAnasika athavA zArIrika kaSTa na pahuMcAnA, jo anyAya, atyAcAra, utpIr3ana yA trAsa ke zikAra haiM unheM surakSA evaM zaraNa pradAna karake nirbhaya karanA jaina zrAvaka kA abhayadAna hai| 'dayAmUlo dhammo' ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle jaina gRhastha paropakAra evaM sevAkAryoM meM sadaiva tatpara rahate haiM / anaginata anAthAlaya, vidhavAzrama, bAlA vizrAma, piMjarApola, jJAnakendra, zikSA saMsthAe~, pustakAlaya, chAtravRttiyA~, chAtrAlaya, dharmazAlAeM, cikitsAlaya, AturAlaya yA auSadhAlaya, akAla-sUkhA bAr3ha Adi prAkRtika vA aprAkRtika Akasmika Apasti-vipattiyoM se pIr3ita manuSyoM Adi kI sevA sahAyatA karane vAlI saMsthAeM, jaina gahastha kI isa dAna pravatti ke phalasvarUpa loka sevA meM
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________________ [ 23 kha - 4 rata haiM / paropakAra evaM lokasevA ke kAryoM meM jaina janoM kA sakriya yogadAna apanI janasaMkhyA ke anupAta meM zAyada hI kisI anya dhArmika samAja se kama ho / Atmazodhana ke uddezya se eka saccA jaina gRhastha nityaprati prAtaH, madhyAnha evaM sAyaM pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanApATha, dvAdazAnuprekSA, sAmayikapATha Adi vividha bhAvanAe bhAtA hai| inameM se eka atyadhika lokapriya pATha kA prAraMbha nimnalikhita pada se hotA hai jo vyakti aisI udAtta bhAvanA ke sAtha apane dina kA prAraMbha tathA aMta bhI karane kA abhyasta hotA hai, koI kAraNa nahIM ki vaha prANImAtra ko apanA mitra vastutaH na mAnane lage ( misti me sabbabhUesU), usakA vaira virodha phira kisake sAtha rahegA ( vaira majjhaM Na keNavi), vaha kaise kisI kA apakAra kara sakatA hai, kaise kisI ko kaSTa pahu~cA sakatA / satva eSu maitrIM guNISu pramodaM / kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvaM // mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttI / sadA mAmAtmA vidadhAtu deva // apanI nitya prAtaH sampAdita kI jAne vAlI deva- pUjA kA upasaMhAra bhI eka jaina gRhastha isa zAMtipATha ke sAtha karatA hai| --- dezasya rASTrasya purasya rAjJAH kSemaM karotu zAnti bhagavajjinendraH / sarva prajAnAM prabhavatu, balavAndhAmiko kAle kAle ca samyagvarSatu maghavA, vyAdhyAyAntu bhUmipAla: / dubhikSaM-cora-mArI nAzma / kSaNamapi, jagatAM mAsmamujjIva loke // astu, bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI ziSya paramparA meM utpanna AcArya puMgavoM ne eka jaina gRhastha ke Adarza kA jo mAna sthApita kiyA, usake AcAra vicAra ke lie jo vidhi niSedha pratipAdita kiye aura usakA jo svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA vaha sarvathA vvavahArya, sukara evaM labhya hai / eka Adarza jaina gRhastha kI dRSTi samyak yA samAcIna hotI hai, svakRta karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala meM vaha vizvAsa karatA hai / vaha zraddhAvAna ( andhavizvAsI nahIM),
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________________ 24 ] kha-4 vivekAvAna, zIlavAna, dayAlu, paraduHkhakAtara, nirbhaya, vinamra, kartavyaparAyaNa, udAra, sahiSNu, udyamI, sAhasI, nyAya evaM dharmabhIru, AzAvAdI aura svapuruSArtha para nirbhara hotA hai| vaha eka saMskRta, sabhya evaM utkRSTa nAgarika hotA hai, kisI choTe se rAjya yA rASTra kA hI nahIM, sampUrNa vizva kaa| vaha mAnavatA kA pujArI aura apane antara ke mAnava ko yathAsaMbhava pUrNatayA vikasita karane kA icchuka-prayAsI hotA hai| aise hI jaina gRhasthoM ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ne kahA hai: gRhastha'pi kriyAyukto na gRheNa gRhAzramI / na caiva putradAreNa, svakarma parivajitaH // tathA gRhastho mokSamArgastho nirmoho nava mohavAna / anagAro gRhI zreyAm nirmoho mohine mune // arthAta, jo kriyAvAna-AcAravAna hai vaha ghara meM rahate hue bhI gRhasthI nahIM hai, strI santAna Adi bhI usake sanmArga meM bAdhaka nahIM ho paate| eka moha-mithyAtva se rahita gRhastha mokSamArga meM sthita rahatA hai, jabaki mohagrasta sAdhu usase bhraSTa ho jAtA hai-mohI muni kI apekSA moha-mukta gRhastha zreSTha hai / - zrAvaka ke ikkIsa guNa 28 lajjAvaMta dayAvaMta prasaMta pratItavaMta / paradoSako DhakayA para upagArI hai / / saumadRSTi gunagrAhI gariSTa sabako iSTa / ziSTapakSI miSTavAdI dIragha vicArI hai| vizeSagya rasagya kRtagya tagya dharamagya / na dIna na abhimAnI madhya vivahArI hai| sahaja vinIta pApakriyAso atIta aisau / zrAvaka punIta ikabIsa gunadhArI hai| -kavivara paM0 banArasIdAsa
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________________ - bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAMgalika virAsata - -paM0 sukhalAlajI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo mAMgalika virAsata hameM sauMpI hai, vaha kyA hai, yahI hamAre liye vicAraNIya hai / siddhArthanandana yA trizalAputra sthUla dehadhArI mahAvIra ke viSaya meM hameM yahA~ vicAra nahIM karanA hai / unakA aitihAsika yA granthabaddha sthUla jIvana to hamezA hama par3hate sunate Aye haiM / jisa mahAvIra kA nirdeza maiM karatA hUM vaha zuddha buddha vAsanA mukta cetanasvarUpa mahAvIra kA hai / aise mahAvIra meM siddhArthanaMdana kA to samAveza ho hI jAtA hai / sAtha hI sabhI zuddha -buddha cetana kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa mahAvIra meM kisI jAti pAMti kA yA dezakAla kA bheda nahIM hai / ve vItarAgAdvaita rUpa se eka hI haiN| inhIM bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara aneka stutikAroM ne stuti kI hai / jaba AcArya mAnatuMga stutya tatva ko buddha, zaMkara, vidhAtA aura puruSottama kahate haiM, taba ve sadguNAdvaita kI bhUmikA kA hI sparza karate haiN| Anandaghana rAma, rahimAna, kAnha Adi sampradAyoM meM pracalita zabdoM meM aise hI kisI paramatatva kA sttavana karate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo virAsata hameM dI hai, use unhoMne apane vicAra meM hI saMgRhIta nahIM rakhA, kiMtu unhoMne use apane jIvana meM utAra kara paripakva rUpa meM hI hamAre samakSa rakhA hai| ataeva vaha virAsata upadeza meM nahIM samA jAtI, usakA to AcaraNa bhI apekSita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI virAsata ko saMkSepa meM cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM :1, jIvana dRSTi. 2. jIvana zuddhi, 3. jIvana vyavahAra kA parivartana aura 4. puruSArtha / bhagavAna kI jIvana-viSayaka dRSTi ko sarvaprathama samajhane kA yatna kara / jIvanadRSTi arthAta jIvana kA mUlya parakhane kI dRSTi / hama sabhI apane-apane jIvana kA mUlya AMkate haiM / jisa kuTumba, jisa grAma, jisa samAja yA jisa rASTra ke sAtha hamArA sambaddha hotA hai usake jIvana kA mUlya karate haiM / isase Age bar3hakara sampUrNa mAnavasamAja aura usase bhI Age apane se sambandha pazu pakSI ke bhI jIvana kA mUlya AMkate haiM / kiMtu mahAvIra kI svasaMvedana dRSTi usase bhI Age bar3ha gaI thii| kAkA kAlelakara ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanadRSTi ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ve eka aise dhairya sampanna aura sUkSma-prajJa the ki unhoMne kITa pataMga to kyA jala aura vanaspati jaisI jIvana zUnya mAnI jAne vAlI bhautika vastuoM meM bhI jIvana tatva dekhA thaa| mahAvIra ne jaba apanI dRSTi logoM ke
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________________ kha-4 samakSa rakhI taba use kauna grahaNa kara sakeMge isakA vicAra unhoMne nahIM kiyA, kiMtu itanA hI socA ki kAla niravadhi hai aura pRthvI vizAla hai, kabhI na kabhI to koI use samajhegA hii| jise gahanatama spaSTa pratIti hotI hai vaha adhIra hokara aisA nahIM socatA ki merI pratIti ko tatkAla hI loga kyoM nahIM samajha jAte / mahAvIra ne AcArAMga nAmaka apane prAcIna upadeza grantha meM bahuta sarala DhaMga se apanI bAta upasthita kI hai aura kahA hai ki pratyeka ko jIvana priya hai, jaisA ki svaMya hameM apanA jIvana priya hai| bhagavAna kI sarala sarva grAhya dalIla hI hai ki maiM AnaMda aura sukha cAhatA huuN| isI se maiM svaMya huuN| to phira isI nyAya se AnaMda aura sukha cAhane vAle dUsare bhI prANI haiM / aisI sthiti meM aisA kaise kahA jAya ki manuSya meM hI AtmA hai, pazu pakSI meM hI AtmA hai, aura dUsare meM nahIM hai ? kITa aura pataMga apane DhaMga se sukha kI khoja karate najara Ate haiM, kiMtu sUkSmatama vAnaspatika jIva sRSTi meM bhI saMtati-janana aura proSaNa kI prakriyA agamya agamya rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| unhoMne samasta vizva meM apane samAna hI cetana tatva ko ullasita dekhaa| use dhAraNa karane vAle, puSTa karane vAle zarIra aura indriyoM ke AkAra prakAra kitanA hI antara kyoM na ho, kArya zakti meM bhI antara ho, phira bhI tAtvika rUpa meM sarvavyApI cetana tatva eka hI prakAra kA vilasita ho rahA hai| bhagavAna kI isa jIvanadRSTi ko hama Atmaupamya-dRSTi kaha sakate haiN| hama saba jaise tAtvika rUpa se haiM vaise hI choTe bar3e sabhI prANI haiN| jo anya prANI rUpa meM haiM ve bhI kabhI na kabhI vikAsa krama meM mAnava bhUmikA ko sparza karate haiN| aura mAnava bhUmikA ko prApta jIva bhI kabhI avakrAnti krama meM anya prANI kA svarUpa prApta karate haiN| isa taraha utkrAnti aura avakrAnti kA cakra calatA hI rahatA hai| kiMtu usase mUla caitanya ke svarUpa meM koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| jo hotA bhI hai vaha vyavahArika haiN| bhagavAna kI Atmaupamya-dRSTi meM jIvana zuddhi kI bAta A hI jAtI hai / ajJAta kAla se cetana kA prakAza kitanA bhI AvRta kyoM na huA ho, usakA AvirbhAva nyUnAdhika ho, phira bhI usakI zakti pUrNa vikAsa pUrNa, zuddhi hI hai| yadi jIvana tatva meM parNa-zuddhi kI zakyatA na ho to AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA kucha bhI praya jisa deza meM sacce AdhyAtmika anubhavI huye haiM, una sabakI pratIti eka jaisI hI hai ki cetana tatva vastutaH zuddha hai, vAsanA aura lepa se pRthaka hai / zuddha caitanya ke Upara jo vAsanA yA karma kI chAyA par3atI hai vaha usakA mUla svarUpa nahIM hai / mUla svarUpa to usase bhinna hI hai / yaha jIvana zuddhi kA siddhAMta hai / jise hamane Atmaupamya kI dRSTi kahA aura jise jIvana zuddhi kI dRSTi kahA, usameM vedAntiyoM kA brahmAdvaitavAda yA bauddhoM kA vijJAnAdvaitavAda yA vaise hI dUsare kevalAdvaita, zuddhAdvaita jaise vAda samAviSTa ho jAte haiM, bhale hI sAMpradAyika paribhASA ke anusAra unakA bhinna 2 artha hotA hai| yadi tatvata: jIva kA svarUpa zuddha hI haiM to phira hameM usa svarUpa ko puSTa karane aura prApta karane ke liye kyA karanA hai ? yaha sAdhanA-viSayaka prazna upasthita hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ukta prazna kA uttara dete hue kahA hai ki jaba taka jIvana vyavahAra meM Atmaupamya kI dRSTi aura Atma zuddhi kI siddhi mUlaka parivartana nahIM hotA, taba taka ukta donoM bAtoM kA anubhava nahIM ho sktaa| ise jaina paribhASA meM caraNa-karaNa kahate haiN|
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________________ [ 27 vyavahAra meM usakA artha hai bilakula sarala sAdA aura niSkapaTa jIvana bitAnA / vyavahArika jIvana Atmaupamya kI dRSTi visakita karane kA aura Atmazuddhi siddha karane kA eka sAdhana hai / yaha nahIM ki ukta dRSTi aura zuddhi ke Upara adhika AvaraNa-mAyika jAla bar3hAyA jAya / jIvana vyavahAra ke parivartana ke viSaya meM eka hI mukhya bAta samajhane kI hai aura vaha yaha ki prApta sthUla sAdhanoM kA aisA upayoga na kiyA jAya ki hama apanI AtmA ko hI kho baitthe| kiMtu ukta sabhI bAteM saca hone para bhI yaha vicAraNIya rahatA hI hai ki yaha saba kaise ho? jisa samAja, jisa lokapravAha meM hama rahate haiM usameM aisA kucha bhI ghaTita hotA huA najara nahIM aataa| kyA Izvara yA aisI koI daivI zakti nahIM hai jo hamArA hAtha pakar3a le aura lokapravAha se viparIta dizA meM hameM le jAya, adhvaMgati de ? isakA uttara mahAvIra ne svAnubhava se diyA hai ki isake liye puruSArtha hI Avazyaka hai| jaba taka koI bhI sAdhaka svaMya puruSArtha na kare, vAsanAoM ke pratikala AcaraNa na kare, usake AdhAta-pratyAghAta se kSobha kA anubhava binA kiye aDigarUpa usake sAmane yuddha karane kA parAkrama na dikhAye taba taka uparyukta eka bhI bAta siddha nahIM ho sktii| isI se unhoMne kahA hai ki 'saMjamammi ya vIriya' arthAta saMyama, cAritra, sarala jIvana vyavahAra ina sabake lie parAkrama karanA caahie| vastuta: 'mahAvIra' nAma nahIM hai, vizeSaNa hai / jo aisA vIrya-parAkrama dikhAte haiM, ve sabhI mahAvIra haiN| isameM siddhArthanandana to A hI jAte haiM aura inake jaise anya sabhI AdhyAtma parAkramI bhI A jAte haiN| itihAsakAra jisa DhaMga se vicAra karate haiM usa DhaMga se vicAra karane para yaha prazna honA svAbhAvika hai ki mahAvIra ne jo maMgala virAsata dUsaroM ko dI hai vaha unheM kahA~ se aura kaise prApta huI thI ? zAstra aura vyavahAra meM kahA jAtA hai ki bindu meM sindhu samA jAtA hai / yoM to yaha vacana viparIta pratIta hotA hai / kintu bAta yaha saca hai / mahAvIra ke sthUla jIvana kA parimita kAla to bhUtakAla ke mahAna samudra kA eka bindumAtra hai| vaha tIvragati se AtA aura calA jAtA hai| kintu usameM saMcita hone vAle saMskAra naye-naye vartamAna ke bindu meM samAviSTa hote jAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane jIvana meM jo AdhyAtmika virAsata prApta kI aura siddha kI, vaha unake puruSArtha kA pariNAma hai yaha saca hai; kintu isake pIche ajJAta bhatakAlIna vaisI virAsata kI satata-paramparA vidyamAna hai| koI use RSama yA neminAtha yA pArzvanAtha Adi se prApta hone kA batA sakate haiM, kintu maiM ise eka ardha-satya ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatA huuN| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pahale mAnava jAti ne aise jina mahApuruSoM kI sRSTi kI thI, ve kisI bhI nAma se prasiddha hue hoM, athavA ajJAta rahe hoM, una samagra AdhyAtmika puruSoM kI sAdhanA kI saMmpatti mAnava jAti meM isa prakAra se uttarottara saMkrAnta hotI jAtI thI ki usake lie yaha kahanA ki saba sampatti kisIeka ne siddha kI hai' mAtra bhakti hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aise hI AdhyAtmika kAlasrota se uparisUcita mAMgalika virAsata prApta kI hai aura puruSArtha se use jIvanta yA sajIva banAkara, vizeSarUpa se vikasita karake, deza aura kAlAnusAra samaddha rUpa meM hamAre samakSa upasthita kiyA hai| nahIM jAnatA ki unake bAda hone vAle uttara kAlIna kitane vezadhArI saMto ne usa mAMgalika virAsata meM se kitanA prApta kiyA aura vikasita kiyA, kintu itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra usa bindu meM bhUtakAlIna mahAna samudra samAviSTa hai usI prakAra bhaviSya kA ananta samudra bhI usI bindu meM samAviSTa hai| ataeva bhaviSya kI dhArA isa bindu ke dvArA avazya Age bddh'egii|
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________________ * asAMpradAyikatA kA mUlamaMtra : anekAnta * -muni nathamala mahAvIra ne kahA, 'kisI ko mAna kara mata clo| satya kI dizA meM AnekAMta kA upayoga kro| anekAMta kA Azaya hai, kisI ko mAna kara mata clo| kisI vastu ko eka dRSTikoNa se mata dekho| vastu meM jo hai, use hI dekho aura jitane vastu dharma haiM, utane hI daSTikoNoM se dekho|' mahAvIra ne isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kara sampradAyavAda ke mula para kuThArAghAta kara diyaa| sampradAya kI jar3a taba majabUta hotI hai, jaba satya kI apekSA mAnyatA kI prAthamikatA ho jAtI hai / sAMpradAyikatA kA sUtra hai-mAna kara clo| vastu ko eka dRSTikoNa se dekho| pUrva dhAraNA ke dRSTikoNa se dekho| mahAvIra ko koI anuyAyI nahIM huaa| jina logoM ne unheM samajhA, ve unake sahagAmI bane / anekAMta ke darzana meM anugamana ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai / mahAvIra ne jo kahA, vaha satya hai / kyA samagra satya kI vyAkhyA mahAvIra ne kI ? koI bhI dehadhArI manuSya usa kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara sktaa| eka kSaNa meM vaha eka hI zabda kA uccAraNa kara sakatA hai| yaha vANI kI sImA hai| isa sImA meM satya ke eka aMza kA pratipAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai| jIvana ke aneka kSaNoM meM aneka satyAMzoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jA sakatA hai, samagra satya kA kabhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| koI videha AtmA usakA pratipAdana kara nahIM sktii| isa lie vedAnta ne kahA thA 'brahma anirvacanIya hai' / mahAvIra ne yaha nahIM kahA ki satya anirvacanIya hai aura yaha bhI nahIM kahA ki AtmA aura punarjanma avyAkRta haiN| unhoMne kahA, 'satya sApekSa hai|' eka Traka uttara denA mahAvIra ke lie saMbhava nahIM thaa| unhoMne jisa bhI tathya kA pratipAdana kiyA, vaha sApekSadRSTi se kiyaa| isa sApekSatA kA AdhAra hai-pakSapAta zUnyatA / ekAMgI dRSTikoNa kA AdhAra hai pakSapAta / vastu ke kisI eka dharma ke prati hamArA jhukAva hotA hai, taba hama usake zeSa dharmoM ko asvIkAra kara usI kA samarthana karate haiM / anyathA jo samarthita hai, usI kA samarthana kareM, jo jJAta hai usI ko svIkRti deM-yaha nahIM ho sktaa| asamarthita aura ajJAta ko svIkRti dene para hI yaha pramANita ho sakatA hai ki hamArA mana kisI pakSapAta se grasta aura pUrva mAnyatA se pIr3ita nahIM hai| naye jJAna aura nae vikAsa kI saMbhAvanA anekAMta ke kSitijJa meM hI ho sakatI hai| mahAvIra kA saMdeza thA, madhyastha bno| rAga aura dveSa ke donoM taToM ke bIca meM raho / na kisI ke prati rakta ho na kisI ke prati dviSTa / jisameM rAga aura dveSa hai, usameM samabhAva nahIM ho sktaa| jisameM samabhAva nahIM hotA, usameM na ahiMsA hotI hai, na satya aura aparigraha / usase sAmAjika nyAya kI AzA nahIM kI jA sktii| anekAMta
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________________ kha-4 [ 29 unake lie hai, jo madhyastha haiN| anekAMta kA darzana kevala tatvavAda kA darzana nahIM hai| vaha tatvavAda aura AcArazAstra, donoM kA samanvita darzana hai| usakA sparza prApta kie binA tatva aura AcAra-donoM samyaka nahIM ho sakate / vahI tatva samyak haiM, jo anekAMta ke Aloka meM dRSTa haiM / vahI AcAra samyak hai, jo anekAMta ke Aloka meM Acarita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne astitva-bodha ke jisa upAya kI khoja kI usakA nAma 'naya' hai / vacana ke jitane prakAra haiM utane naya haiN| pratyeka astitva anaMtadharmA hotA hai| bhASA ko sImA hai aura pratipAdana karane vAle kI bhI sImA hai, isalie naya anaMta nahIM ho sakate / anaMta dharmoM kA pratipAdana anaMta nayoM ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| kiMtu unakI sImA hone ke kAraNa ve anaMta nahIM hote, isIlie anekAMta kI maryAdA meM isa siddhAMta kI sthApanA kI gayI ki vacana ke jitane prakAra hai utane hI naya haiN| koI bhI vaktA ho vaha eka kSaNa meM vastu ke eka hI dharma kA pratipAdana karegA aura vaha eka dharma kA pratipAdana eka naya hogaa| saba naya apane-apane pratipAdana meM satya hote haiN| ve jaba dUsare ke pratipAdana kA nirAkaraNa karane laga jAte haiM, taba asatya ho jAte haiN| anekAMta kA siddhAnta nayoM meM kucha naya satya haiM aura kucha asatya, aisA vibhAga nahIM karatA / usake anusAra saba naya satya haiM, yadi ve sApekSa hoM aura saba naya asatya haiM, yadi ve nirapekSa hoN| unake satya hone kI maryAdA yaha hai ki ve apane dRSTi koNoM kA pratipAdana kareM, dUsare ke dRSTikoNa kA nirAkaraNa na kareM, usake prati taTastha rheN| yaha taTasthatA hI unakI saccAI hai| satyAMza kI svIkRti zeSa satyAMzoM kA nirAkaraNa kara saccAI nahIM ho sktii| kiMtu unake prati taTastha raha kara saccAI ho sakatI hai| saba satyAMzoM kI svIkRti saMbhava nahIM hai, phira bhI kucheka satyAMzoM ko prApta kara hama satya kI dizA meM prasthAna kara sakate haiN| anekAMta ke nayavAda ne usI dizA kA udaghATana kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM aneka matavAda pracalita the| unhoMne una matavAdoM ko anekAMta kI dRSTi se dekhA / unakA dRSTikoNa nayacakra kI mahAna zrutarAzi meM guMphita thaa| anekAMtavAda ne virodhI pratIta hone vAle satyoM kI samanvita svIkRti kara astitvavAda ke siddhAnta ko janma diyaa| usane saha-astitva kI vyAkhyA ina zabdoM meM kI, ki sarvathA nitya aura sarvathA anitya kucha bhI nahIM hai / vAstavikatA vahI hai, jo nitya aura anitya kA samudaya hai| sarvathA sadRza aura sarvathA visadRza kucha bhI nahIM hai| vAstavikatA vahI hai, jo sadRza aura visadRza kA samudaya hai| sarvathA astitva aura sarvathA nAstitva kucha bhI nahIM hai| vAstavikatA vahI hai, jo astitva aura nAstitva kA samudaya hai| sarvathA nirvacanIya aura sarvathA anirvacanIya kucha bhI nahIM hai| vAstavikatA vahI hai, jo nirvacanIya aura anirvacanIya kA samudaya hai / yaha sahaastitvavAda bahata bar3I saccAI hai| isa saccAI ke Aloka meM vartamAna rAjanItika-vAdoM, sAmAjika paddhatiyoM aura saMskRtiyoM kI vyAkhyA kara hama aneka virodhAbhAsoM ko samanvaya meM badala sakate haiM; saMgharSoM ko zAMti aura maitrI ke rUpa meM parivartita kara sakate haiN|
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________________ mahAvIra aura ahiMsA -Aja ke vIraprekSya meM -padmavibhUSaNa DA0 daulatasiMha koThArI bhAratIya jIvana aura citantana meM ahiMsA kA kendrIya sthAna rahA hai| aba se 2500 varSa pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki ahiMsA hI parama dharma hai, arthAta mana, vacana aura kAya se hiMsA-viramaNa ke vrata kA pAlana krnaa| mahAvIra ne jaisA AcaraNa kiyA usI kA udaghoSa kiyA aura upadeza diyaa| unake sandeza aura unakI jIvana caryA meM pUrNa sAmaMjasya thA-donoM abhinna the| mAnava kI aMhisA viSayaka athaka khoja meM 24veM jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra eka sarvopari patha-cinha, aura prakAza preraNA evaM utsAha ke satata srota haiN| vaha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM the, jo ki isa deza meM unake samaya se bahuta pUrva bhI kvacita pracalita thaa| mahAvIra kA darzana unake upadeza aura Adarza Aja jitane samayAnukUla haiM utane zAyada pahale kabhI nahIM the| jaisA ki gAndhI jI ne sadaiva balapUrvaka kahA hai, ahiMsA aura satyAgraha kA avinAbhAva sambandha haiM, eka se dUsare ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa ANavika yuga meM ahiMsA kI pragati ke abhAva meM manuSya ke bhaviSya kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| usake jIvita rahane meM bhI saMzaya hai| manuSya svayaM apanA pratidvandvI hai| vaha isa pRthvImaNDala para sampUrNa jIvana kA vinAza kara sakatA hai ? athavA vaha sAMskRtika, sAmAjika aura adhyAtmika vikAsa ke navIna kSetra unmukta kara sakatA hai| yahI vijJAna aura ahiMsA kA mArga hai, yaha donoM paraspara eka dUsare ko bala pradAna karate haiM jaisA ki neharU jI ne (apanI DiskavarI Apha inDiyA, pRSTha 493) kahA haiM, "mAnavIyatA aura vaijJAnika manovRtti meM samanvaya vRddhiMgata haiM, jisakA pariNAma eka prakAra kI vaijJAnika mAnavIyatA haiM / " mahatvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki hama yaha svIkAra kareM ki mAnavIya mastiSka ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha hI jaivika vikAsa kI prakRti meM eka gambhIra parivartana-guNAtmaka parivartana huA hai| jaivika vikAsa kA krama aba anya kisI vastu kI apekSA svayaM manuSya para adhika nirbhara karatA hai / aura, yaha tathya ahiMsA ko mAnavIya vikAsa kA prAthamika vidhAna banA detA hai /
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________________ kha-4 [ 31 ___ mahAvIra, buddha (624-544 I. pU.) ke samakAlIna the| unakA janma vihAra prAnta ke vaizAlI nagara meM aise kula meM huA thA jisakA sambandha magadhanareza bimbisAra (zreNika ) mahAna se thaa| unakI Ayu 72 varSa kI huI, unake nirvANa kI tithi sAmAnyatayA dIpAvalI, 526 I. pU. mAnya kI jAtI hai / utake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha aura mAtA kA trizalAdevI thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra, kintu jise digambara paramparA mAnya nahIM karatI hai, mahAvIra kA vivAha yazodharA ke sAtha huA thA aura unase eka putrI bhI huI thii| kucha itihAsakAra yaha mAnate haiM ki buddha kA nirvANa 484 I. pU. meM aura mahAvIra kA 482 I. pU. meM huA thaa| 30 varSa kI Ayu meM mahAvIra ne saba kucha tyAga diyA, anyatama AvazyakatA kI vastueM bhI / vaha pUrNatayA evaM sarvathA niSparigrahI, nirgrantha ho gye| agale 12 varSa unhoMne gambhIra cintana duddhara tapazcaraNa aura yoga sAdhanA meM vyatIta kiye / kalpasUtra ke anusAra 13veM varSa meM "jaba vaha eka zAla vRkSa ke nIce godohana Asana se baiThe hue, zarIra para sUrya kA Atapa saha rahe the, ar3hAI dina paryanta anna evaM jala kA tyAga kara upavAsa raha cuke the, gahare dhyAna meM rata the, to unhoMne jJAna evaM darzana kI vaha caramAvasthA prApta kI jo kevalajJAna kahalAtI hai, aura jo ananta, sarvopari, nirAbAdha, apratihata, sArva aura pUrNa thii|" isa prakAra 42 varSa kI Ayu meM vaha arhata ho gaye, arthAta apane mana-vacakAya ke pUrNa AtmavijetA ho gaye / kahA jAtA hai ki aisI avasthA meM vyakti saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM kI samasta dazAoM ko, ve samaya vizeSa meM kyA socate haiM, kyA bolate haiM, karate haiM, pratyakSa jAnatA dekhatA haiM / arhata usa sarvopari, sarvocca rahasya ko jAnatA hai ki "maiM' kyA hU~, hamArI isa AtmA kA kyA svarUpa hai, hama kahA~ se Ate haiM, kahA~ jAte haiM, Adhunika vijJAna ke kSetra meM prazikSita hama logo ko ajIba, bilkula samajha meM na Ane vAle, balki avAstavika bhI lagate haiN| aura yaha bAta bhI sarvathA Azcaryajanaka aura avizvasanIya lagatI hai ki koI aisA vyakti ho sakatA hai jo unake uttara jAnatA hai, aura vaha bhI mAtra dhyAna ke dvArA / kintu mAtra anokhapana ke kAraNa hI sarvocca buddhi evaM satyatA sampanna Atmavijaya evaM karuNA meM advitIya mahApuruSoM ke svAnubhava meM avizvAsa karanA (unake vaiyAkatika sAkSya meM avizvAsa karanA vijJAna kI AtmA kI hatyA karanA hogaa| ziSya paramparA meM pIr3hI darapIr3hI/maukhika/dvAra se cale Aye mahAvIra ke upadeza sarvaprathama sambhavatayA unake nirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda devaddhigaNI ke nirdezana meM vallabhI kI vAMcanA (454 I.) meM lipibaddha hue the| jainadharma ke 5 mukhya siddhAnta yA vrata haiN| prathama, kisI bhI asa yA sthAvara choTe yA bar3e prANI ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A denA yA usakI hatyA karane kA tyAga- vyakti ko manavaca kAyase saba prakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAga karanA, dUsaroM se bhI hiMsA na karAnI, aura na hI usake lie anumati denA yA usakA anumodana karanA / dUsarA siddhAnta hai, krodha lAbha athavA bhaya ke kAraNa bole jAne vAle samasta jhUTha yA asatya kA tyAga / zeSa tIna meM paripraha, indriyaviSaya aura mamatva ko tyAga hai| eka jaina muni ko ina pAMcoM siddhAntoM yA vratoM kA pUrNatayA evaM sarvathA pAlana karanA hotA hai| gRhasthajanoM ko unakA pAlana apanI paristhitiyoM ke anusAra yathAsaMbhava
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________________ 32 ] kha -4 karanA cAhie, apane AcaraNa meM sudhAra karane ke lie saccAI ke sAtha sadava prayatna rahanA cAhie / muniyoM aura gRhasthoM ke vrata guNa rUpa se samAna hai, antara jo hai vaha unake pAlana kI mAtrA meM hai / ataeva sAdhuoM ke prasaMga meM yaha mahAvrata kahalAte haiM aura anya logoM ke lie aNuvrata / sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA ( catuvidha saMgha ) ke AcAra ke isa AdhArabhUta ekatva ko jaina saMgha kI zakti evaM lacakIlepana kA bahuta kucha zreya hai / ahiMsA kA mUlAdhAra yaha anubhUti hai ki manuSya kA anya samasta prANiyoM ke sAtha maulika AtmIya sambandha hai / manuSya unakA svAmI nahIM, kintu unakA eka sAthI prANI hai| mahAvIra ne kahA hai, "jisa prakAra jaba mujha para kisI DaNDe, haDDI, mukke, Dhele yA ThIkare se prahAra kiyA jAtA hai athavA mujhe dhamakI dI jAtI hai, pITA jAtA hai, jalAyA jAtA hai, pIr3A dI jAtI hai yA meMre prANa lie jAte haiM, usameM mujhe jaisA dukha hotA hai, eka bAla ke ukhAr3ane se lekara mRtyu paryanta kI jitanI pIr3A aura yantraNA kI mujhe anubhUti hotI hai, usI prakAra, yaha nizcaya se jAno, sabhI prakAra ke prANI vaise hI duHkha, pIr3A, yantraNA Adi kA anubhava karate haiM jaisA ki maiM, jabaki unake sAtha bhI vaisA hI burA vartAva kiyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI bhI prakAra ke jIva yA prANI kA tAr3ana-mArana nahIM karanA cAhie, usake prati hiMsaka vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhie, usako apazabda nahIM kahane cAhie, pIr3A nahIM pahuMcAnI cAhie aura usake prANoM kA ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie / " (sUtrakRtAMgajA) jainadharma dvArA pratipAdita jIvamAtra kI ekatA yA Atmopamya kA siddhAnta aba Adhunika vijJAna kA eka mahAna siddhAnta aura vijaya bana gayA hai, jisakA zreya cArlsa DArabina ke vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta ko tathA ANuvika jIvavijJAna evaM jaineTiksa meM abhI hAla meM huI pragatiyoM ko hai / parantu yahUdI aura IsAI dhArmika paramparA meM, jise DesakArTisa ne aura adhika bala pradAna kiyA, manuSya anya samasta prANiyoM se sarvathA pRthaka mAnA gayA hai| mAtra vahI eka aisA prANI hai jisameM AtmA hotI hai / yaha sambhava hai ki pazcimI audyogika rASTroM dvArA vAtAvaraNa kA jo bhayaMkara evaM durbhAgyapUrNa zoSaNa evaM dUSitIkaraNa ho rahA vaha aMzata: usa AcAra saMhitA kA hI pariNAma hai jo mapuSya kI (balki pazcimI mapuSya kI ) kalpanA prakRti ke svAmI evaM vijetA ke rUpa meM karatI hai na ki usake eka bhAgIdAra aura sAtha rahane vAle ke rUpa meM / isa prasaMga meM maiM syAdvAda ke viSaya meM kucha kahanA cAhU~gA jo ahiMsA darzana kA eka advitIya evaM abhinna tatva hai / syAdvAda saMbhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti hai / vaha sabhI saMbhava dRSTikoNoM se vastu ke arthoM kI khoja karatI hai / yaha dRSTiyAM sAta haiM / koI bhI pratiSedha yA nirNaya sarvathA satya nahIM, pratyeka kevala ApekSika rUpa meM hI satya yA pramANa hotA hai / jaba mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama ne unase pUchA ki kyA AtmAMe zAzvata haiM athavA azAzvata, to unhoMne kahA "gautama ? AtmAeM kinhI dRSTiyoM se zAzvata haiM aura kinhIM dRSTiyoM se azAzvata dravya ; dRSTi se ve zAzvata haiM aura paryAya dRSTi se azAzvata yA kSaNasthAyI haiM / "
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________________ sAdhika do sahasra varSa pUrva vikasita syAdvAda nyAya kA Adhunika saMbhAvanA siddhAnta (aura tatsambadhinta tastuttva dRSTi) ke sAtha adbhuta sAdRzya hai, jaisA ki pro. pI. sI. mahalanobisa aura je. bI. esa. haladAne ne batAyA hai| usase bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa yaha tathya hai ki syAdvAda kA nIlsa boha, ra evaM hIsenavarga ke pUraka (Complementarity) siddhAnta se atiniSkaTa sAmya hai| mahAvIra ke samaya ke uparAnta prAkRtika vijJAna meM yahI pUraka siddhAnta sarvAdhika krAntikArI navIna udabhAvanA siddha huA hai| syAdvAda kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki pratyeka dRSTikoNa ko cupacApa nirvirodha svIkAra kara liyA jaay| usase to usakA niSedha, usakA pratyAvartana ho jaayegaa| syAdvAda to sabhI saMbhava dRSTikoNoM kA AlocanAtmaka evaM nirmama vivecana hai jisase ki unameM se pratyeka kI pramANikatA kI sImAoM ko nirdhArita kiyA jA ske| yaha to kArya vyavahAra ke lie patha pradarzaka hai / Aja kA saMsAra bhaya, ghRNA, AkrAmaka pravRtti aura hiMsA se AkrAnta hai| yaha bhI nizcita hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA ko samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hiMsA to aura adhika hiMsA ko hI janma de sakatI hai| upacAra mAtra ahiMsA hai| Aja vaiyaktika athavA saMgaThita hiMsA kA mukAbalA karane ke lie aura jIvana ko samRddha banAne ke lie duniyA ko ahiMsA kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| parantu ahiMsA, usake darzana aura vyavahAra ko samajhane, bar3hAvA dene aura usakA vikAsa karane ke lie ko gambhIra prayatna nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| ahiMsA koI jAdU kI char3I nahIM hai, vaha binA prayatna ke prApta hone vAlA ilAja nahIM hai| isa rUpa meM vaha vijJAna jaisI hI hai| hamAre yuga kI eka duHkhAnta samIkSA hai ki jaba yaha duniyA prati varSa do sau sahastra karor3a rupaye se adhika yuddha aura parAbhava ke astra-zastra yantra AdikoM para vyaya (barbAda) karatI hai, to ahiMsA ke lie vaha usakA eka hajAravA~ bhAga bhI vyaya nahIM krtii| aura ahiMsA evaM satyAgraha ke viSaya meM abhI na jAne kitanA kucha jAnanA sIkhanA zeSa hai-itanA kucha ki Aja hameM usakI jhalaka mAtra bhI prApta nahIM hai| apanI mRtyu ke 3 mAsa pUrva gAndhI jI ne kahA thA, "jIvana bhara ahiMsA kA AcaraNa karane ke kAraNa maiM unakA eka vizeSajJa hone kA dAvA karatA hU~ yadyapi atyanta apuurnn......"| maiM jAnatA hU~ ki apane jIvana vyApAra meM ahiMsA kI pUrNa abhivyakti se maiM abhI bhI kitanI dara huuN| duniyA meM apane isa sarvopari kartavya (dharma) ke prati anabhijJatA ke kAraNa manuSya yaha kaha detA hai ki isa yuga meM hiMsA ke mukAbale meM ahiMsA ke lie bahuta kama sthAna hai, jaba ki maiM balapUrvaka yaha kahatA hU~ ki aNubama ke isa yuga meM zuddha (amizrita) ahiMsA hI eka aisI zakti hai jo hiMsA ke samasta chala bala ko eka hI sAtha parAbhUta sakatI hai / " bhaya aura hiMsA eka dUsare ko pariguNita karate haiN| nirbhayatA aura ahiMsA sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 2500 sau varSa pazcAta Aja hamAre sammukha anya koI kArya itanA tAtkAlika aura itanA arthapUrNa nahIM hai jitanA ki ahiMsA meM apanI AsthA ko puSTa karanA, ahiMsA ko samajhanA, usakA AcaraNa karanA aura usakA prasAra krnaa| isa dizA meM jo bhI paga uThAyA jAyegA, vaha cAhe kitanA bhI choTA ho, sArthaka hogaa|
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________________ vartamAna yuga meM mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI sArthakatA - DA0 prabhAkara mAcave hajAroM varSa pUrva mahAvIra aura unake ziSyoM ne naya-paddhati se apekSA bhaMga para gaharA vicAra kiyA thA / yadi use Aja kI samAjanIti rAjanIti arthanIti para lAgU kiyA jAya to gAMdhI jI kahate the usa prakAra se pratyeka vyakti "sve-sve karmaNyabhirataH " rahakara " yog| karmasu kauzalam " kA anusaraNa karegA / janmanA jAtIya U~canIcatA nahIM rhegii| vargoM kI paraspara hita rakSA paMcAyata aura paMca paddhati se "paMcATha" avArDa aura TrasTI vizvasta saMsthA se bAta-cIta aura paraspara saMvAda se prApta kI jA skeNgii| hara choTI-choTI mAMga ke lie paraspara sira phor3ane, daMge, raktapAta, gheratva aura dabAva meM mAnavI zakti kA apavyaya nahIM hogA / vicAra ke kSetra meM, sAhitya- kalA saMskRti ke samyak samIkSA-dRSTi de sakatA hai / Aja hama dekhate haiM mAnakara, hama anya sambhAvanAoM ko ekadama jhuThalA dete haiM / kSetra meM bhI mahAvIra kA syAdvAda bahuta upayogI aura ekamAtra ki apanI bAta ko manavAne ke lie, usI ko antima satya manoviSleSaNa zAstra ke naye AcArya jAnate haiM ki pUrvAgraha eka prakAra kA manoroga hai / usase to koI bhI jJAna Age vikasita nahIM ho sakatA / jahA~ jJAna nahIM hai, vahA~ sRjana kyA hogA / aisI dizA meM mahAvIra ke ananta sambhAvanAoM vAle "syAdvAda" se hameM bahuta preraNA milegii| vaha " avyaktavyaM" taka mAnavI kalpanA ko pahu~cAtA hai / ataH vaha navInatama "mona meM zabda kI antima pariNati vAle" vicAra ko bahuta pahale hI soca cukA hai / jIvana adhikAdhika aprAkRtika aura asahaja hotA jAtA hai / pradUSaNa na kevala paryAvaraNa meM, para vicAroM ke sUkSmaloka meM bhI pahu~ca cukA hai / yadi manuSya AtmahatyA ke viruddha aura dehAta se haTakara jInA cAhatA hai to use punaH usI prAkRtika aura sahaja jIvana paddhati kI ora jAnA hogaa| jisakI bAta mahAvIra ne kI thI aura bAda meM gAMdhI ne use kRti dvArA punaH adhorekhita kiyA thA / mahAvIra ke upadezoM kI sabase bar3I sArthakatA mujhe unake asteya aura aparigraha kI zreSThatA ke pratipAdana meM lagatI hai / Aja jo smagalara, munAphAkhora, jamAkhora, cora bAjAriye, kAlAdhana saMgrAhaka vyApArI aura jaldI se jaldI zrImanta bananevAle samAja ke hI tabake aura hara pradeza aura bhASA bhASI samAja meM dikhAI dete haiM, bhArata ko yaha jo kI taraha se roga lagA hai, isakA mUla hai lobha aura tRSNA / manuSya kI eSaNAoM kA anta nahIM | unameM ghuna IMdhana DAlo agni bhar3akatI hI jAtI hai| yahAM mahAvIra ne jo yaha kahA ki bhaMgura, kSaNajIvI, asAra aura bekAra kI cIjoM se moha manuSya ko kahIM kA nahIM rahane degA, Aja phira se duharAne kI AvazyakatA hai| jar3a aura cetana kA bheda samajhanA hogA / pudgala se saba vyApta haiM / phira yaha maila mana para aura tana para or3hate jAne se kyA hogA ? saMvaraNa karanA hogA / 'kamma-nijjarA' vRtti hI yahA~ antataH kAma AyegI / sabase bar3I mahAvIra kI dena nirbhIkatA aura niDara hone ke kSetra meM hai / vana, parvatoM meM akele ghUmanA, hiMsra zvApadoM aura baTamAroM se na DaranA ina niraMtara parivrAjaka muniyoM aura yAtriyoM kA nitya dharma thA / Aja to paga-paga para loga anukSaNa nirAdhAra bhayAkula lagate haiM / kaI bhaya to amUrta aura nirAdhAra hote haiM / Darane se koI bAta nahIM milatI / 'mA mai' ke upaniSadIya maMtra ko mahAvIra ne apane jIvana meM pratyakSa anuvAda kiyA / *
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________________ rASTrIya ekatA ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yoga DA0 (zrImatI) kusumalatA jaina bhAratavarSa dharma, prAnta tathA bhASAgata vividhatAoM se paripUrNa eka vizAla rASTra hai| isa vizAla rASTra kI akhaMDatA ke lie rASTrIya ekatA Avazyaka hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki rASTrIya ekatA kA abhAva hI hamArI dIrghakAlIna paratantratA ke lie uttaradAyI hai| svatantra bhArata meM rASTrIya ekatA kitanI mahatvapUrNa hai, yaha sarvavidita hI hai| hamArA deza abhI eka saMgharSapUrNa sthiti se gujara rahA hai| isa saMgharSapUrNa sthiti meM sAmpradAyikatA hamAre rASTra kI zakti ko kSINa kara rahI hai / ukti hai ki 'saMghe zaktiH kalIyuge' kintu hamAre yahAM prAyaH sAmpradAyika daMge hote rahate haiN| ye sAmpradAyika daMge prAyaH cAra AdhAroM para hote haiM-bhASA, prAnta, jAti yA dharma ke AdhAra para / svatantratA ke 25 varSoM ke uparAnta bhI hindI ko rASTrabhASA kA gaurava prApta karane meM anekoM kaThinAiyAM haiN| bhASA ke prati udAratAvAdI dRSTikoNa-isa dRSTikoNa se yadi hama jainadharma aura samAja kI ora dekheM to vidita hogA ki jainadharma aura saMskRti udAratAvAdI dRSTikoNa se paricAlita haiM, kyoMki jaina-matAnuyAyioM ne kabhI kisI eka bhASA kA moha nahIM rkhaa| eka samaya saMskRta ko devavANI ghoSita kara usI bhASA meM paThana-pAThana ko zreSTha tathA anya bhASAoM ke adhyayana ko niSiddha ThaharAyA / garur3a purANa kA kathana hai lokAyataM katakaMca prAkRtaM mlecchabhASitam / zrotavyaM na dvijenaitada tad gacchati adhogati / / yahAM prAkRta ko mleccha bhASA taka kaha diyA gayA hai, para jaina AcAryoM ne samaya kI mAMga aura aucitya ke anusAra prAkRtta kA Azraya liyA, kyoMki bhASA unake lie vicAroM kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana thI, sAdhya nhiiN| prAkRta jana-sAdhAraNa kI bhASA thI aura saMskRta zikSitoM tathA paMDitoM kI bhASA thI, jise kama loga samajha sakate the, ataH jana kalyANa kI bhAvanA se jainAcAryoM ne apane upadezoM kA mAdhyama janabhASA ko cunaa| dhArmika upadeza vase hI nIrasa hote haiM, janaruci dharma-vimukha hotI hai, isa para yadi janatA ko kliSTa bhASA meM upadeza diye jAveM, to vaha unase lAbhAnvita nahIM ho sktii| prAkata ke sAhityika pariniSThita bhASA pada para ArUDha ho jAne para jaba janabhASA kA sthAna apabhraMza ne le liyA to jainAcAryoM aura sAhityakAroM ne apabhraMza meM sAhitya sarjanA kii| prAkRta tathA vizeSataH apabhraMza kA to adhikAMza sAhitya jaina kaviyoM tathA AcAryoM dvArA racita hai| inake atirikta jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta sAhitya ko bhI yatheccha abhivRddha kiyA hai| unakA prAkRta ke prati koI durAgraha yA saMskRta ke prati dveSa rahA ho, yaha bAta nahIM
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________________ 36 ] kha -4 hai, vastutaH bhASA unake vicAroM kI vATikA rahI haiM / jaina sAhitya anya bhAratIya bhASAoM jaise kannaDa, marAThI, tamila, telagU, rAjasthAnI, hindI, gujarAtI Adi meM bhI sulabha hai / jaina dharmAvalambI prAntIya bhAvanA se Upara - prAntIyatA kA prazna bhI sAmpradAyika vidveSa kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, yata: jaina dharmAvalambI gujarAta, mahArASTra, mAlavA, maisUra, rAjasthAna, Andhra, uttara pradeza, madhya pradeza, paMjAba Adi bhArata ke uttara-dakSiNa, pUrva-pazcima sabhI pradezoM meM nivAsa karate haiM / jainadharma jAtIya bhAvanA se pare - jaina-dharma ne jAtIyatA ko bhI koI protsAhana nahIM diyA hai| jaina darzana karmaphala siddhAnta ko bahuta mahatva pradAna karatA / isake anusAra pratyeka jIvAtmA apane kAryoM ke phala ko bhogatA hai / karma se hI manuSya brAhmaNa yA zUdra hotA hai / janma vyakti kI mahattA yA laghutA kA kAraNa nahIM hai / jaina dharma to mAnava mAtra kA hI nahIM, apitu prANImAtra kA dharma hai / vastu kA svabhAva hI usakA dharma hai -- ' vastu sahAvo dhammo', ataH AtmA kA svabhAva hI Atmadharma hai| isa Atmatatva kI anubhUti karane ke lie pradarzita karane vAlA dharma jaina dharma hai / isa dharma ne aise kisI siddhAnta kA poSaNa nahIM kiyA, jo sAmpradAyikatA ko prazraya de / jaina dharma : dhArmika kaTTaratA kA virodhI - dharma ke nAma para bhArata meM hue haiM / itihAsa ke pRSTha sAkSI haiM ki dhArmika kaTTaratA, vaimanasya kA kAraNa rahI hai| sarIkhe sAmyavAdiyoM ne dharma ko mAnava ke lie ghAtaka mAnA / ve saMsAra se dharma denA cAhate the / vAstava meM to dharma paraspara bhrAtRtva kI bhAvanA ko vikasita likhA hai-- nahIM, videzoM meM bhI aneka raktapAta yahI kAraNa hai ki kArlamArksa nAma kI vastu ko hI samApta kara karatA hai, jaisA ki ikabAla ne 'majahaba nahIM sikhAtA, Apasa meM baira karanA / ' jainadharma to viparIta vicAradhArA vAloM ke prati bhI mAdhyastha bhAva rakhane kA saMdeza detA hai-- sattvetyeSu maMtroM guNiSu pramodaM / kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvam // mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparIta vRttau / sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva // samasta jIvoM ke prati maitrI aura kSamAbhAva rakhane kA Adeza hai-- khammAmi sabvajIvANaM, savve jIvA khamaMtu me / mittI meM savvabhUdesurva raM majjhaM Na keNavi // samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa - jainadharma kI samanvayavAditA kA paricaya isase bhI milatA hai ki vaidika dharma meM pratiSThita rAma, kRSNa, hanumAna Adi mahApuruSoM kI gaNanA jainoM ne bhI zalAkA-puruSoM meM kI hai, yadyapi jaina AcAryoM ne inake caritroM kA varNana apane AdarzoM ke anurUpa varNita kiyA hai / AcArya vimalasUri maharSi vAlmIkikRta 'rAmAyaNa' ke aneka aMzoM ko kapolakalpita aura asaMgata mAnate the, ataH unhoMne apane 'pauma cariya' kI racanA kI, jisameM ina aMzoM kA saMzodhana kiyA gayA hai / anekAntavAdaH ApasI sahiSNutA kA pratIka - anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda to jainadharma kA anupama ujjvala / yaha viparIta vicAradhArA vAloM ke siddhAnta meM bhI satyAMza ke anveSaNa kA prayatna karatA hai / isake anusAra jJAna ananta aura sApekSa hai / sambhava hai ki koI siddhAnta kisI apekSA se satya hai aura dUsarI apekSA se mithyA / ratna
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________________ [ 37 eka hI vyakti apane pitA kI apekSA se putra tathA putra kI apekSA se pitA hotA hai| ataH jJAna ko vividha nayoM dvArA jAnA jAtA hai jaisA ki tatvArthasUna meM kahA gayA hai "pramANanavairadhigamaH" arthAt jJAna ke do sAdhana hai-pramANa aura naya / naya ananta hai / anekAntavAda ko spaSTa karane ke lie SaDAndhagajanyAya (chaha aMdhe aura eka hAthI kI kahAnI) kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai / kha -4 chaha aMdhe hAthI ke eka-eka aMga ko pakar3akara hAthI ke svarUpa ko usI jaisA samajhate haiM / usake sampUrNa svarUpa ko nenavAna vyakti hI jAna sakatA hai, kintu andhoM kA kathana bhI unake dRSTikoNa se yukta hai / isI prakAra pUrNa satya to kevala jJAnI hI jAna sakatA hai / alpajJoM ke lie to eka samaya meM kisI padArtha kI samasta paryAyoM kA jAnanA sambhava nhiiN| ataH virodhI vicAradhArAvAloM kI bAta bhI kisI apekSA se satya ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra yaha anekAntavAda sahiSNutApUrNa siddhAMta haiM tathA jainiyoM kI vaicArika ahiMsA kA pratIka hai| ahiMsA aura aparigrahaH rASTrIya ekatA ke AdhAra - ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke siddhAnta bhI rASTrIya ekatA ke samvardhana meM sahAyaka haiN| sAmpradAyikatA hiMsA aura ghRNA ke vAtAvaraNa meM panapatI hai, jaba ki dharma prema, ahiMsA tathA vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA sikhAtA hai / yadyapi sabhI dharmoM ne ahiMsA kA mahatva udghoSita kiyA hai, tathApi jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA vizeSa sthAna hai| ahiMsA athavA prANimAtra ke prati mamasva tathA vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA sikhAne vAlA jainadharma rASTrIya ekatA meM bAdhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? aparigraha kA siddhAnta samAjavAda lAne tathA Arthika viSamatA dUra karane meM sahAyaka hai / Arthika viSamatA dveSa tathA vaimanasya kA kAraNa hotI hai / aparigraha ke siddhAnta ko mAnane se yaha Arthika viSamatA svayameva dUra ho jaayegii| ararigrahavAda hameM sikhAtA hai ki hama apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama kareM tathA AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha na kreN| adhika dhana ekatrita ho jAne para use una logoM meM vitarita kara deM, jinheM isakI adhika AvazyakatA / aisA karane para kisI sAmyavAdI prakriyA yA hiMsaka krAnti dvArA pUMjIvAda ko naSTa nahIM karanA par3egA, apitu pUMjIvAdI vyavasthA svayaM hI samApta ho jAyegI / astu spaSTa hai ki jainadharma ke udAtta Adarza tathA ucca-siddhAnta rASTrIya ekatA ke saMyojaka evaM samarthaka haiN|
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________________ mahAvIra kA dharma-janadharma -zrI riSamadAsa rAMkA bhagavAna mahAvIra na to jainiyoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara the aura nahIM antima / unake pahale aneka tIrthakara ho ge| isI yuga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale 23 hue aura 24veM vaha svayaMthe / bhaviSya meM bhI aneka tIrthakara hoMge, unhoMne yaha bhI kahA thaa| unhoMne kahA thA ki maiM jo dharma kaha rahA hU~ vaha nitya hai, dhruva hai aura zAzvata hai| mere pahale bhI aneka tIrthaMkaroM ne ise kahA thA aura bhaviSya meM bhI kheNge| unhoMne kahA thA ki sabhI jIva sukha se jInA cAhate haiM, duHkha sabhI ko apriya hai, maranA bhI koI nahIM cAhatA isalie yadi sukha se rahanA cAhate ho to jisa taraha ke vyavahAra kI dUsaroM se apekSA rakhate ho vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsaroM ke sAtha kro| unhoMne duHkha kA prArambha dUsaroM ke sAtha parAyepana ke vyavahAra ko kahA thaa| unhoMne saba jIvoM ke sAtha samatA ke vyavahAra ko sukhakara batAyA thA kyoMki sabhI prANiyoM meM AtmA se paramAtmA, nara se nArAyaNa tathA jIva se ziva banane kI kSamatA hai| hara jIva apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA hai, sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai| unakI samatA kA AdhAra gaharA thaa| unakA vacana dIrghakAla kI sAdhanA kA pariNAma thaa| ve pUrNatayA anubhavapUrNa the| isI kAraNa unake pIche yaha AtmavizvAsa thA ki maiM jo kaha rahA hU~ vaha nitya hai, dhruva hai aura zAzvata hai| unhoMne kabhI nahIM kahA ki tuma merI zaraNa meM Ao, merI bhakti karo, maiM tumhArA uddhAra kara duuNgaa| balki unakA yahI upadeza thA ki tumhIM apanA uddhAra kara sakate ho, tumhI tumhAre mina ho aura tumhI tumhAre zatru / jIva mAna ke prati Adara, yaha unakA cintana thaa| mahAvIra kSatriya the| unakA janma nAma varddhamAna thaa| mahAvIra zabda unakI vIratA kA paricAyaka mAtra / vaha zavaoM ko jItatA hai para apane Apako jItane vAlA-apane durgaNoM-kaSAyoM-ahaMtAoM-mamatAoM ko jItane vAlA mahAvIra hotA hai| aise mahAvIra kI paramparA vIratva kI paramparA hai--kAyaroM kI nhiiN| tabhI mahAtmA gA~dhI ne bhI kahA hai ki--"ahiMsA vIroM kA dharma hai , kAyaroM kA nhiiN|" jainadharma nahIM, janadharma-mahAvIra kA dharma unake samaya meM nirgranthadharma kahalAtA thaa| kisI prakAra kI graMthI nahIM--graMthIhIna / mUrchAoM, azaktiyoM aura parigRhoM se dUra, jisameM kisI prakAra kA Agraha nahIM, jo sabakA dharma thA arthAta jana-dharma, sabake lie| vaha strI kA bhI uddhAra kara sakatA thA, puruSa kA bhI, gRhastha kA bhI, gRhatyAgI kA bhI, dhanavAna, kA bhI aura nirdhana kA bhI, brAhmaNa kA bhI, cANDAla kA bhI, nagaravAsI kA bhI, vanavAsI kA bhii| jisane samatA apanAI phira vaha koI bhI kyoM na ho, apanA uddhAra kara sakatA hai|
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________________ jaina darzana kI vyApakatA -DA0 gokulacandra jaina jaina darzana ke viSaya meM jaba maiM bAta karatA hUM to mere sAmane eka mahAna vyaktitva ubhara kara AtA hai| yaha vyaktitva hai vardhamAna mahAvIra kaa| mahAvIra ne jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko jo vyAkhyA hI, usase jaina darzana mAnavIya jIvana mUlyoM ke sAtha anivArya rUpa se saMpRkta ho gyaa| mujhe to spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki mahAvIra ke bAda ina DhAI hajAra varSoM meM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kA vyApaka prasAra huA hai| usane na kevala bhAratIya jIvana ko pratyuta vizvacintana ko vyApaka rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| siddhAntoM kI bAta kahane se pahale yaha jAna lenA upayukya hogA ki yaha darzana kahAM se pratiphalita haa| dharma ke caubIsaveM aura antima tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiN| unake sAtha tIrthakaroM ke cintana kI eka dIrghakAlika paramparA jur3I hai / sudUra atIta kI vaha kar3I aba bhI itihAsa kI pakar3a ke bAhara hai / purAtatva aura sAhityika anusandhAnoM se jo tathya sAmane Aye haiM, unase itanA to spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki itihAsa pUrva meM bhI cintana kI do dhArAeM pravAhita hotI rahI haiN| inheM zramaNa aura brAhmaNa vicAradhArA kahA gyaa| brAhmaNa paramparA ke pravartaka vaidika RSi the| zramaNa paramparA RSabha dvArA pravartita huii| prAcIna vAGmaya meM vAtArazana muniyoM, vrAtyoM aura kezI zramaNake jo vivaraNa milate haiM, ve spaSTa rUpa se zramaNa saMskRti se sambaddha jJAta hote haiN| RSabha ne dhyAna aura kAyotsarga kI kaThora sAdhanA kI thii| mohana-jo-daroM tathA har3appA ke utkhanana meM prApta kAyotsarga pratimAoM kA sambandha isI paramparA se pratIta hotA hai| RSabha ko jaina dharma kA prathama tIrthakara mAnA gayA hai| unake jIvana ke sambandha meM paryApta jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai / Rgveda meM RSabha ke ullekha milate haiN| zrImad-bhAgavata meM unakA caritna varNita hai| jaina vAGmaya meM to pUrA vivaraNa prApta hotA hI hai| unake bAda ke tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana ke sambandha meM abhI taka vizeSa sAmagrI prakAza meM nahIM A pAyI, isIlie kaI loga unakI aitihAsikatA ke viSaya meM sandeha vyakta karate haiN| jo bhI ho, yaha saca hai ki itihAsa kI pakar3a abhI bahuta gaharI nahIM hai| isalie jaba taka khojeM jArI haiM taba taka merI samajha meM hameM sUtra rUpa meM prApta sandarbho ko bhI nakAranA nahIM caahie| bhArata meM abhI ina tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana aura sAdhanA se sambaddha sthAna tIrtha ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN|
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________________ kha -4 bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata aura puruSottama rAma samakAlIna batAye jAte haiN| ikkIsaveM tIrthakara nami aura videha janaka kA kAla eka mAnA gayA hai| 22veM tIrthaMkara nemi vAsudeva kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzva kA janma vArANasI meM huA aura bihAra ke sammedazikhara se sau varSa kI Ayu meM unakA nirvANa haa| aba bhI yaha parvata pArzvanAtha pahAr3a ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| jaba mahAvIra janme, usa samaya pArzva kI paramparA ke zramaNa bahu saMkhyA meM maujUda the / rAjagRha pAzrvAnuyAyiyoM kA gar3ha thA / svayaM mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzva ke anuyAyI the| mahAvIra aura gautama buddha jaba saMnyasta hae to unhoMne pArzva kA hI zrAmaNya jIvana svIkAra kiyA thaa| pArzva kI paramparA ke sAdhU niggaMTha samaNa' aura gRhastha anuyAyI 'pApitya' kahalAte the| gautama buddha ko pArzva kI sAdhanA paddhati bahuta kaThora pratIta huii| ihalie unhoMne use chor3a kara bIca kA rAstA nikAlA, jise 'madhyamapratipadA' kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne pArzva kI sAdhanA paddhati ko aura adhika vikasita kiyaa| kAyotsarga kI jitanI kaThora sAdhanA unhoMne kI usakA itihAsa meM dUsarA udAharaNa nahIM miltaa| sAr3he bAraha varSa taka mahAvIra nirantara sAdhanA karate rhe| sarvathA nirvastra raha kara bhISaNa garamI, zIta aura varSA meM unhoMne sAdhanA kii| jeTha kI tapatI dopaharI meM mahAvIra naMge badana tapta zilA para baiTha jAte yA khar3e rahate / kar3akar3AtI sardI meM jaba barphIlI havAeM sAMya-sAMya karatI huI bahatI, pakSI bhI ghoMsaloM meM muMha chipAe dubaka kara baiThe rahate, aise meM mahAvIra kisI tAla ke taTa para yA nadI ke kinAre nirabhra AkAza meM apanI anAvRtta kAyA lie dhyAna meM magna hote| jhaMjhAvAta aura tUphAnI barasAteM, ve apanI khulI deha para jhela lete| lagAtAra kaI-kaI dinoM, saptAhoM aura mahInoM taka mahAvIra binA khAye, binA piye raha jaate| jahAM bhI jAte paidala jaate| na bolate na btiyaate| unheM koI gAlI detA, kaThora vacana bolatA, suna lete / apamAna karatA, yAtanA detA, saha lete, na kucha bolate, na pratikAra krte| koI unheM Adara detA, vandana karatA usakA bhI ve uttara na dete| sAdhanA kI isa dIrghAvadhi meM ve kula milA kara muzkila se kucha muhUrta hI soye| ve apane jIvana para hI taraha-taraha ke prayoga kara rahe the| mahAvIra ne kaThora se kaThoratama sAdhanA kI aura eka dina pAyA ki unhoMne apane Apa ko pUrI taraha jIta liyA hai| ve 'jina' ho gye| jaina darzana ke jo siddhAnta hameM vartamAna meM prApta haiM, unheM hama mahAvIra kI sAdhanA aura cintana kA navanIta kaha sakate haiN| mahAvIra ke anuyAyI AcAryoM ne pichale DhAI hajAra varSoM meM una siddhAntoM kI jo vyAkhyAeM kI, unameM yugIna sandarbha bhI jur3ate cale gae / dArzanika yuga kI jaTilatAoM meM sIdhe-sAdhe siddhAnta itane durUha lagane lage ki jIvana ke sAtha unakA sambandha hI na ho| isI yuga meM dhArmika anudAratA ke kAraNa siddhAntoM kI durvyAkhyA bhI kI gayI aura durAlocanA bhI, para isa sabase ve kharAda para car3hAe gae hIre kI taraha aura adhika camakadAra hokara sAmane aaye| mahAvIra ne jIvana aura jagata ke kisI bhI prazna ko avyAkRta kaha kara nahIM ttaalaa| unhoMne pratyeka ke samAdhAna diye| jaina darzana samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI dhurI para pratiSThita hai| dRSTi java taka sahI na ho, jJAna saccA ho hI nahIM sktaa| aura sahI jJAna ke binA sadAcaraNa kI apekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| isalie jaina darzana meM inako sammilita rUpa se mokSa kA mArga kahA hai| samyagdarzana meM sampUrNa tatvamImAMsA nihita hai| samyagjJAna meM jJAnamImAMsA / samyagcAritra jIvana kI eka pUrNa AcAra saMhitA hai| jaina darzana ke tatva cintana aura jJAna mImAMsA meM hajAroM hajAra varSoM ke bAda bhI vizeSa antara nahIM aayaa| AcArasaMhitA yuga aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra
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________________ [ 41 badalatI rahI hai| chaha dravya, sAta tatva aura nava padArtha tathA matijJAna, zrutajJAna Adi kA vivecana yathApUrva aba bhI milatA hai| jaina darzana kA pahalA sUtra hai-cetana aura acetana do mUla tatva haiN| inakA svarUpa aura prakRti sarvathA bhinna haiN| para svarNa-pASANa meM svarNa aura bAlukA ke kaNoM kI taraha yA dUdha meM pAnI kI taraha anAdikAla se mile haiN| inako pRthak-pRthak jAna lenA hI samyagjJAna hai| isa siddhAnta ne eka nayI jijJAsA ko janma diyaa| ye jar3a aura cetana kaise baMdhate haiM, kaise alaga-alaga ho sakate haiN| isa jijJAsA ke sUtra haiM bandha aura mokSa / isake samAdhAna meM se pratiphalita huA karma kA siddhAnta / Asrava bandha kA kAraNa hai| saMvara aura nirjarA mokSa ke hetu haiN| cetana jar3a se saMpRkta raha kara jo kriyA karatA hai, usase karma ke paramANu A-A kara baMdhate jAte haiM / yoga dvArA kriyA yA parispanda ko roka diyA to karmoM kA AnA ruka jAtA hai| saMvara kI isa sthiti ke bAda pUrva saMcita karmoM kA vinAza nirjarA hai aura sarvathA pRthakkaraNa mokSa hai| cetana aura acetana kI baddha avasthA saMsAra hai aura svatantra avasthA mokSa / jIva aura jagata kA yahI darzana hai| cetana AtmA hai| jitane cetana haiM, utanI saba svatantra AtmAeM haiN| pratyeka AtmA apane karma kA kartA aura usake pariNAmoM kA bhoktA svayaM hai--"appA kattA vikattA ya / " jaina darzana meM AtmA aura karma ke isa siddhAnta ne vyaktitva ko jo pratiSThA dI, vaha bhAratIya cintana meM adbhuta hai| yahI Atma-vidyA yA adhyAtma hai| AtmavidyA ke puraskartA tIthaMkaroM ne bhAratIya manISA ko itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki 'svargakAmaH yajet' kA vaidika cintaka bhI upaniSadakAla meM A kara AtmA kI bAta karane lagatA hai| dUsarI jijJAsA thI--yaha dRzyamAn jagata kyA hai, kaise banA aura kaise calatA hai ? jaina dArzanikoM ne kahA yaha svayaM kRta hai| na koI banAtA hai, na calAtA hai| na jIva aura jar3a, cetana aura acetana svayaM isake kartA aura saMcAlaka haiN| jisa prakAra jIva aneka haiM para unakI koTiyAM haiM usI prakAra ajIva yA acetana dravya pAMca taraha ke haiM, unako koTiyAM aneka haiM, bheda-prabheda aneka haiM / yahI saMsAra hai| isa siddhAnta ne mAnava manako bar3I rAhata dii| vaha kisI ajJAta zakti kA dAsa nahIM hai, vaha apane kArya kA kartA svayaM hai aura usake acche bure pariNAma kA bhoktA bhI svayaM hai| apanA sUtradhAra vaha svayaM hai| koI anya zakti use saMcAlita nahIM krtii| isa cintana se mAnavIya mUlyoM ko pratiSThA milii| usake kRtitva ko pratiSThA milii| vyaktitva ko pratiSThA milii| eka bAta aura Apa dekheM-cintana jaba gaharAI meM utarA to sahaja prazna uThA-yadi yaha bAta hai to dArzanikoM ke cintana meM matabheda kyoM hai ? saba eka jaisI bAta kyoM nahIM kahate ? eka dUsare kI bAta paraspara virodhIsI kyoM lagatI hai? ina praznoM ne anekAnta ke darzana ko janma diyaa| bhole mana, tuma jitanA jAnate ho, vaha to ekAMza jJAna hai, tuma jitanA kahate ho, vaha to ekAMza kathana hai| jitane jana kaheMge unakI dRSTibindueM alaga-alaga hoNgii| unakA apanA cintana dUsare se sApekSa hogaa| yaha jAna leM to kahIM virodha najara hI nahIM aataa| vicAra ke stara para isa cintana ko anekAnta nAma diyA gayA aura vANI ke stara para syAdvAda / jIvana meM isa sApekSa siddhAnta kA
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________________ kha-4 prayoga sArI jaTilatAoM ko samApta kara detA hai| vibhinna dArzanika dRSTiyoM kA samAdhAna isase acchA aura kyA ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke ina siddhAntoM kI AdhAra-bhUmi para jisa AcAra-saMhitA kA bhavana khar3A huA, use eka zabda meM kaheM to kaha sakate haiM "ahiNsaa"| satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha, saca mAnoM to isI ke aMga haiM / ahiMsA ke binA inakI sAdhanA ho hI nahIM sktii| Apane asatya bolA nahIM ki hiMsA ho gyii| corI kI bAta socI nahIM ki hiMsA tabhI ho gyii| abrahma aura parigraha kI hiMsA pratyakSa dikhAI detI hai / hiMsA bahuAyAmI hai aura usakA samAdhAna hai eka mAtra ahiNsaa| mahAvIra ne ahiMsA kA prayoga samagra jIvana ke lie kiyaa| sAmAjika jIvana aura Arthika kSetra meM isakA prayoga kaise ho sakatA hai, rAjanIti isakA varaNa kaise kare, isa sabake lie unhoMne AdhAra sUtra diye-jaba taka mAnava-mAnava meM UMca-nIca kI dIvAra khar3I rahegI, ahiMsA sadha nahIM sktii| sAmAjika jIvana saMtulita ho nahIM sktaa| sabako samAna mAno aura samAna avasara do| dhana aura jana ko kucha hAthoM meM kendrita karanA ThIka nahIM hai| parigraha kI maryAdA banA kara calanA hogaa| binA anumati kisI kI vastu lenA anucita hai| bhale hI vaha dharma ke nAma para kyoM na ho| dUsare ke prANa to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM lenA caahie| rAjanIti ke viSaya meM unhoMne kahA-zAsaka ko prajAjana se utanA hI aMza lenA cAhie jitane se vaha pIr3ita na ho| jaise bhauMrA phUla meM se rasa grahaNa karake apane ko tRpta kara letA hai aura phUla ko nukasAna bhI nahIM pahuMcAtA, aise hI zAsaka ko apanA mAgadheya grahaNa karanA caahie| jaina darzana kI yaha spaSTa phalazruti hai ki varga bheda cAhe vaha dharma ke nAma para ho cAhe Arthika kAraNoM se, vaha hiMsA hai| svarga ke sukhoM kA pralobhana de kara vartamAna kI sAdhana suvidhAoM ko svAhA karanA asatya hai, corI hai, hiMsA hai| artha ko apane hAthoM meM sameTa lenA parigraha hai aura parigraha binA hiMsA ke ho nahIM sktaa| Aja hama jisa yuga meM jI rahe haiM usameM jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kI vyApakatA aura adhika najara AtI hai| Aja koI bhI bar3e se bar3A vyakti, bar3e se bar3A samAja aura bar3e se bar3A rASTra apanI bAta ko, apanI vicAradhArA ko dUsare ke Upara thopa nahIM sktaa| ise maiM to anekAnta ke cintana kA prasAra hI khNgaa| vargahIna samAja, samAnAdhikAra, Arthika santulana aura dharma nirapekSa zAsana kI jo itanI vyApaka rUpa se bAta kahI jAne lagI hai, vaha mahAvIra kI sAdhanA ke baTa bIja kA chatanAra vRkSa hai| ahiMsA kA prayoga vyakti ke jIvana se samAja aura rASTra ke jIvana meM kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai isakA prayoga karake gAndhI jI ne hamAre sAmane rakha diyA hai, jisakA prabhAva sampUrNa vizva para hai| jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM kI samaya-samaya para aneka prakAra se vyAkhyA kI gyii| niHsandeha mAnavIya mUlyoM kI dRSTi se usakA vyApaka kSetra hai| jaina cintana ne vibhinna yugoM meM dUsare jIvana-darzanoM ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kA cintana mAnavIya mUlyoM ke jisa vyApaka gharAtala para pratiSThita hai vaha deza aura kAla kI sImAoM se pare hai| yuga ke sandarbha meM jaina darzana kI punarvyAkhyA kI jAe to Aja hama eka aise jIvana darzana kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM jo samagra mAnavatA ke lie ho, jo sampUrNa vizva kA jIvana darzana ho, jo jana-darzana ho| siddhAntoM kI udAratA aura vyApaka dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa hI jaina darzana ne vikAsa kI itanI vyApaka sambhAvanAeM mAnIM, ki vyakti se virATa, AtmA se paramAtmA, mAnava se mahAmAnava aura jIva mAtra meM bhagavAn banane kI sAmarthya kA pratipAdana kiyaa| sabhI bhAratIya darzana jahAM Izvara ko Adi meM rakhakara Age cale vahAM jaina darzana
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________________ [ 43 ne paramAtmA ko anta meM rakhA aura kahA-paramAtmA to tumhI ho| apane ko jAno aura svayaM paramAtmA ho jAo, apane ko jIto aura svayaM 'jina' ho jAo, 'arhata' ho jaao| apane ko zuddha karo aura svayaM 'siddha' bana jaao| jaina darzana kA maMgala mantra hai jo arhanta ho gaye, una sabako maiM praNAma karatA huuN| jinhoMne siddhi ko varaNa kiyA, una siddhoM ko vandana karatA huuN| jo arhat hone ko prayatnarata haiM, una AcAryoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| jo yaha rAstA dikhAte haiM una upAdhyAyoM ko namaskAra karatA huuN| jitane bhI satpuruSa isa mArga para cala rahe haiM, una sabako maiM praNAma karatA huuN| Namo arahatANaM / Namo siddhANaM / Namo AyariyANaM / Namo uvajjhAyANaM / Namo loe savyasAhaNaM / isase vyApaka dRSTikoNa aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kI pratiSThA kyA ho sakatI hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jaina darzana ke ina udAra siddhAntoM ke prasAra ke lie apanA sampUrNa jIvana arpita kara diyA aura svayaMsiddha ho gye| unake 2500 veM nirvANa zatAbdI varSa meM yadi hama unake cintana kA amRta jana-jana taka pahuMcA sake to bahata bar3A puNya-kArya hogaa| Porall bahAnA khula parasparopapaho jIvAnAna
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________________ acchA hindU banane ke lie acchA jainI bananA Avazyaka hai -zrI paripUrNAnanda varmA maiM hindU huuN| Izvara kI sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hU~-kama se kama merI paramparA ne mujhe yahI vizvAsa diyA hai| para maiM hRdaya se jainadharma kA bhakta bhI huuN| mujhase prAyaH mere sAhityika tathA rAjanaitika mina pUMchate haiM ki maiM jainamata para itanA Asakta kyoM hU~, aura jaba use itanA mAnatA hU~ to jainI kyoM nahIM ho jaataa| prazna acchA hai| aura merA uttara bhI burA nahIM hai| merA vizvAsa hai ki binA hindU bane janI zreSTha jainI bana sakatA hai, para binA jaina AcAra saMhitA ko apanAye maiM acchA hindU nahIM bana sktaa| hamane jaina dharma se usakA adhyAtmavAda lekara apane vizAla dharma ko vizAlatama banA liyA hai| jainiyoM ne hamase karmakANDa lekara apane ko kucha bahuta Age bar3hAyA, aisA maiM nahIM maantaa| acche hAthoM meM par3akara karmakANDa hameM kalyANa kI ora le jAtA hai, para jarA sI truTi se tathA nAdAnI se usameM ulajhakara manuSya Upara uThane ke bajAya nIce dubakA rahatA hai| ThIka vaise hI jaise vAstavika taMtra-zAstra kI garimA ko pazu-tAMtrikoM ne patana kA sAdhana banA diyA-cAhe hindU tAntrika hoM, bauddha yA jainI tAntrika hoN| jaina paramparA ke vizAla vijJAna kI bAta alaga rakha diijie| kevala bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tIna bAteM agara hama pakar3a leM to Aja kA anarthamaya saMsAra kitanA badala sakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki karma meM pUrNa anAsakti ho, citta meM rAga-dveSa lezamAna bhI na ho, aura vaha parama zAnta ho| parigraha kI bhAvanA pUrNataH samApta ho jAya / Aja saMsAra kA ekamAtra roga hai parigraha-jo jitanA noca sake, lUTa sake, prApta kara sake utanA bhI use kama pratIta hotA hai| Aja kI parigrAha kI bhAvanA se hI saba rAga-dveSa-kukarma-azAnti paidA haiM bar3ha rahI haiN| para hama rAtoM-dina ghar3I-ghanTA bajAkara devatA ko prasanna karane kI ceSTA karate haiM aura jina bAtoM se devatA, hamAre mana ke bhItara baiThA devatA, prasanna ho sakatA hai, usake prati nitAnta udAsIna haiN| taba phira hindU hote hae bhI hameM kyA milA? kyA hama AvAgamana, punarjanma, saMsAra ke roga-vyAdhi se lezamAna bhI Upara uTha sake haiM ? ___ kUrma purANa meM kathA hai ki daitya kI senA ko jItane vAlI sau deviyAM Iza kA darzana karane kI icchA se jaba zaMkara bhagavAna ke sAmane AI to unakA adbhuta rUpa dekhakara unhoMne unase pUchA ki Apa kauna haiM ? zaMkara ne uttara diyA ahaM hi niSkriyaH zAntaH kevalo nissprigrhH| (kUrma 1/15/154) "maiM niSkriya, zAnta, advitIya tathA parigraha zUnya hai|"
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________________ [ 45 vItarAga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke advitIya zAnta, niSkriya rUpa meM tathA uparyukta varNana meM kyA antara hai ? vItarAga ne tapazcaryA dvArA pApakSaya tathA karma-kSaya kI bAta sikhalAI thI / vItihotra nAmaka paurANika rAjA kI kathA to prasiddha hai ki usane apane pApa kA kSaya karane ke lie bAraha varSa taka kandamUla kA sevana kiyA tathA bAraha varSoM taka kevala vAyu kA bhakSaNa kiyA, taba usake pApoM kA kSaya huA / yadi hama apane pApa kA kSaya karane ke lie kevala devatA ke AzIrvAda ke bharose baiThe raheM to kyA kabhI usakA kSaya ho sakatA hai / bar3e se bar3e mahApuruSa tathA ucca se ucca AtmAeM karma kA, saMskAra kA kSaya kaSTa bhoga kara karate haiM / rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ko bAra-bAra unake iSTa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA thA, para unhoMne svayaM apane ziSyoM se kahA thA ki apane saMskAra kA kSaya karane ke lie hI ve gale ke kaiMsara ke atyadhika pIr3Amaya roga ko bhoga rahe haiM / maharSi ramaNa ko kaiMsara roga ne varSoM taka kaSTa dekara prANa liyA / tapasvI aravinda jaba roga zaiyyA para par3e the to unake ziSyoM ne unase pUchA ki Apa apane ko svastha kyoM nahIM kara lete ? unhoMne bhI uttara diyA thA ki saMskAra ke kSaya ke lie kaSTa sahana kI tapasyA anivArya hai / ahiMsA aura asteya ina do bAtoM para jaina dharma bahuta bala detA hai / viSNu purANa ( 319/24-33), garuDa purANa (1/102/1-6), agni purANa ( 161 / 1 - 31), padma purANa ( 1/15/348-392) tathA bhAgavat (7/13/1-46), meM yati kA jo dharma batalAyA gayA hai, ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI ahiMsA tathA asteya kA pratipAdana karate haiM / kUrma ne yahA~ taka likhA hai steyAdabhyadhikaH kazcinnAstyadharma iti smRtaH / hiMsA caiSAparA diSTA yA cAtmAjJAnanAzikA | (2/29/30) corI se bar3hakara aura koI adharma nahIM hai / corI AtmajJAna ko naSTa karane vAlI dUsarI hiMsA kahI gayI hai / amarakoza ke anusAra hiMsA kA artha hai 'cauryAdi karma hiMsA caiva na kartavyA vaidhahaMsA tu rAjasI / brAhmaNaH sA na kartavyA yataste sAtvikA matAH // halAyudha koza ke anusAra 'dharma' kA artha hai 'sukRta, nyAya, AcAra, satsaMga tathA ahiMsA / ' hama hindU kaise apane ko dharmAtmA kaha sakate haiM yadi hama hiMsaka haiM, yadi hama satkarma nahIM karate, yadi hamArA AcaraNa ThIka nahIM hai / yadi hama na to satsaMga karate haiM aura na hama nyAyapUrNa jIvana bitAte haiM, hama apane ko hindU kaha sakate haiM para hama dhArmika vyakti haiM, yaha jhUTha hogA / maiM inhIM moTI bAtoM ko pakar3akara kahatA hU~ ki binA acchA jainI hue maiM acchA hindU nahIM bana sakatA / jaina dharma ke AcAryoM ne kisI bhI dharma kA khaNDana - maNDana karake apane ko U~cA sAbita karane kA prayAsa bhI nahIM kiyA / maiM yahAM syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda para na jAkara kevala jaina AcAryoM kI niSpakSa vicAradhArA kI ora saMketa karanA cAhatA hU~ / AcArya hemacandra ne spaSTa likhA hai ki "hamane jo kucha likhA hai vaha pakSapAta vaza yA dveSa bhAva se nahIM / kevala zraddhA ke kAraNa, na Apake prati, he vIra ! hamArA koI pakSapAta hai aura na dveSa ke kAraNa anya devatAoM 1 meM avizvAsa hai, kintu, yathArtha rUpa meM Apa kI parIkSA karake hI hamane ApakA Azraya liyA hai|" na zraddhayaiva tvayi pakSapAto na dveSamAtrAvaruciH pareSu / yathAvadAptavyaparIkSayA tu'vAmeva vIra prabhumAzritAH smaH // koI jhagar3e kI bAta to jainadharma kahatA bhI nhiiN| jaina paramparA kevala eka dhurI para ghUmatI rahI hai / vaha dhurI kevala eka lakSya hai-ananta jJAna / jise vaha prApta ho gayA, use saba kucha mila gayA / AcArAMga sUtra ne bar3e spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai
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________________ je egaM jANai, ye sabvaM jANai / je sabvaM jANai se egaM jaannii| usI ne kahA hai eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTaH sarve bhAvA sarvathA tena dRSTAH / ___ sarve bhAvAH sarvathA yena dRSTAH eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena dRSTaH / / --(pra. zrutaskaMdha, 3 a., 4 u., 122) aisA kauna hindU hai jo Atma-tatva ke jJAna ko gauNa samajhe? nyAyakoSa ke anusAra zuddhAtmatatvavijJAnaM sAMkhyamityabhidhIyate / sAMkhyakArikA ke bhASyakAra ne kahA hai vRkSAn chitvA pazUna hatvA kRtvA rUdhira kardam / yadyogaM gamyate svarga narake kena gamyate // (2-mAThara bhASya) AcArya haribhadra ne apane 'yogadRSTi samuccaya' meM jisa sundaratA ke sAtha yoga ke mahatva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai vaha hareka hindU ke lie anamola hai| yoga kA artha prAyaH dhyAna hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra binA dhyAna ke jJAna nahIM prApta ho sktaa| hemacandra ne 'yoga zAstra' meM tathA yogavijayasUri ne 'dvAnizikA' meM paMtajali, yogavaziSTa tathA taittirIya upaniSad kI yaugika kriyAeM bhI dI haiN| hindU grantha 'yogasAra' ne jo likhA hai vaha jainI bhI svIkAra kreNge| dharma kA lakSaNa hI prANAyAma, dhyAna, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA tathA smaraNa (jainI sAmAyika) hai| yogasAra ke anusAra prANAyAmastathA dhyAnaM pratyAhAro'tha dhAraNA / smaraNaM caiva yoge'smina paJca dharmAH prakIrtitAH / / phira jaba itanA mela hai jaina tathA hindU vicAradhArA meM, to hindU jainI se bhedabhAva kyoM kareM ? vaha mUrkhatA kA yuga to calA gayA jaba hama jainI mandira meM jAnA bhI pApa samajhate the| vaha mUrkhatA to samApta huii| para dUsarI mUrkhatA bhI samApta honI cAhie ki hama eka dUsare ko bhinna smjheN| jaina dharma nAstika nahIM hai| jIva kI sattA meM vizvAsa karane vAlA nAstika ho nahIM sktaa| jhagar3A itanA hI hai ki eka hI AtmA saba meM vyApta hai yA saba AtmA alaga-alaga haiN| jaba hama nizcaya rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate ki Izvara hai to kaise nizcita rUpa se kaha deM ki AtmA eka hai| santa kabIra ne kahA hai mArI kahU~ to bahu DA~, halkA kahUM to jhUTha / maiM kA jAnUM rAma ko, nainA kabahUM na dITha // jainadharma kahatA hai ki AzA-nirAzA ke cakkara meM na pdd'o| niSkriya-nirAza na hokara Age bddh'o| yahI bAta to aSTAvakra apanI gItA meM kaha gaye haiM ki jo AzA ke dAsa hote haiM, ve duniyA bhara ke dAsa ho jAte haiN| jo AzA ko dAsI banA lete haiM ve saMsAra ke svAmI bana jAte haiM AzAyA ye dAsAste dAsAH sarvalokasya / AzA yeSAM dAsI teSAM dAsAyate lokaH / / astu, merA tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki hamane jaina dharma ko samajhane kI ceSTA nahIM kii| isIlie hama acche hindU nahIM bana pA rahe haiM /
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA -AryikAratna jJAnamatI mAtAjI yatkhalu kaSAya yogAtprANAnAM-dravyamAvarUpANAm / vyaparopaNasya karaNaM sunizcitA bhavati sA hiMsA // (zrI amRtacandra sUri) kaSAya ke yoga se jo dravya aura bhAvarUpa do prakAra ke prANoM kA ghAta karanA hai vaha sunizcita hI hiMsA kahalAtI hai arthAta apane aura para ke bhAvaprANa aura dravya prANa ke ghAta kI apekSA hiMsA ke cAra bheda ho jAte haiN| svabhAva hiMsA-jaba krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI utpatti hotI hai taba svayaM ke zuddha jJAna darzana rUpa bhAva prANoM kA ghAta hotA hai yaha svabhAvahiMsA hai| svadravya hiMsA-kaSAyoM kI tIvratA se, dIrgha zvAsocchvAsa se, hastapAdAdi se apane aMga ko kaSTa pahuMcAnA athavA AtmaghAta kara lenA, apane dravya prANoM ke ghAta se yaha dravya hiMsA kahalAtI hai| para bhAva hiMsA-dharmaveSI kuvacana Adi se dUsare ke antaraMga meM pIr3A pahuMcAnA athavA dUsare ko kaSAya utpanna karAnA para ke bhAvoM kI hiMsA hai| para dravya hiMsA:-kaSAyAdi se para ke dravya prANoM kA ghAta karanA yA usako mAra denA para ke prANoM kA hanana karane se yaha para dravya hisA hai| ahiMsA:-apane se rAga dveSa Adi bhAvo kA prakaTa na honA hI nizcaya se ahiMsA hai aura rAgAdi bhAvoM kA utpanna honA hI hiMsA hai, aisA jaina siddhAMta kA sAra hai| kyoMki sAvadhAnI pUrvaka pravRtti karane vAle sAdhuoM ke rAgAdi bhAvoM ke binA kadAcita kisI prANI ko bAdhA ho jAne mAtra se hI hiMsA kA pApa nahIM lagatA hai| tathA jisa samaya AtmA meM kaSAyoM kI utpatti hotI hai, usI samaya AtmaghAta ho jAtA hai, pIche yadi anya jIvoM kA ghAta ho yA na ho, vaha ghAta to usake karmoM ke AdhIna hai| parantu AtmaghAta to kaSAoM ke utpanna hote hI ho jAtA hai| isa hiMsA ke viSaya meM anya bhI cAra bAteM jJAtavya haiM-hiMsya, hiMsaka, hiMsA aura hiMsA kA phala / hisya-jinakI hiMsA kI jAve aise apane athavA anya jIvoM ke dravya prANa aura bhAva prANa, athavA ekadriya se lekara paMcendriya taka prANI samudAya / hisaka-hiMsA karane vAlA jIva / hiMsA-hiMsya-jIvoM ke prANoM kA prINana athavA prANoM kA ghAta / hiMsAphala-hiMsA se prApta hone vAlA naraka nigoda Adi phala / ina cAroM bAtoM ko samajhakara hiMsA kA tyAga karane kI bhAvanA karane vAloM kA kartavya hai ki ve madya,
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________________ 48 ] mAMsa-madhu ina tInoM ko tathA bar3a, pIpala, pAkara, kaThUmara, umara ina pAMca phaloM kA aisI ATha vastuoM kA avazya hI tyAga kara denA cAhiye / madya - rasa se utpanna huye bahuta se jIvoM kI yonisvarUpa hai ataH usake pIne se sabhI jAvoM kI hiMsA ho jAne se mahAna pApa kA baMdha hotA hai / I mAMsa-prANiyoM ke kalevara ko mAMsa kahate haiM / yaha mAMsa binA jIvaghAta ke asambhava hai / yadyapi svayaM mare hue baila, bhaisa Adi jIvoM ke kalevara ko bhI mAMsa kahate hai kintu usa mAMsa ke bhakSaNa meM bhI usa mAMsa ke Azrita rahane vAle usI jAti ke asaMkhya nigoda jIvoM kA ghAta ho jAne se mahAna hiMsA hotI hai| binA pake, pake huye tathA pakate hue bhI mAMsa ke Tukar3oM meM usI jAti ke nigodiyA jIva nirantara hI utpanna hote rahate haiM / isalie mAMsAhArI mahApAtakI hai / madhu jo madhumakkhI ke chatte se svayaM bhI TapakA huA hai aisA bhI zahada ananta jIvoM kA Azraya bhUta hone se niSiddha hai| madhu ke eka bindu ke khAne se bhI sAta gAMva ke jalAne kA pApa lagatA hai| ataH isakA tyAga bhI - kha-4 zreyaskara hai / madya, mAMsa, madhu aura makkhana, 48 minaTa ke anantara kI lonI, ye cAroM padArtha ahiMsaka ko nahIM khAne cAhie kyoMki inameM usI varNa ke jIva utpanna hote rahate haiM / tathA carma sparzita ghI- telajala evaM acAra Adi bhI nahIM khAne cAhie / bar3a-pIpala umara kaThUmara aura pAkara phala ye bhI sajIvoM kI yonibhUta haiM, inako sukhAkara bhI nahIM khAnA cAhiye / Ama yA pakyAM vA khAvati yaH spRzati vA pizitapezIm / sa nirhati satatanicitaM piDaM bahujIva koTInAm / / 68 / / (zrI amRtacandra sUri ) madya, mAMsa, madhu aura pAMca uduMbara phala ye AThoM padArtha mahApApa ke kAraNa hai, inakA tyAga karane para hI manuSya jinendra bhagavAna ke upadeza ko sunane kA pAna ho sakatA hai anyathA nahIM / videha kSetra ke madhu nAma ke vana meM kisI samaya sAgarasena nAma ke eka digambara munirAja mArga bhUlakara bhaTaka rahe the / usa samaya eka pururavA nAma kA bhIla unheM mRga samajhakara bANa se mArane ko udyata huA ki usI samaya usakI strI ne kahA ki inheM mata mAro ye vana devatA vicara rahe haiM taba bhIla ne muni ke pAsa Akara unheM namaskAra kiyA aura unheM mArga batA diyA / munirAja ne use bhadra samajhakara madya mAMsa-madhu kA tyAga karA diyA / jisake phalasvarUpa vaha bhIla jIvana bhara pAlana kara anta meM marakara saudharmaM svarga meM deva ho gayA / deva ke vaibhava aura sukhoM ko bhogakara vaha bhIla kA jIva isI ayodhyA nagarI meM bhagavAna vRSabhadeva ke putra cakravartI bharata mahArAja kI anantamatI rAnI se marIcikumAra nAma kA putra ho gayA / isa marIcikumAra ne pAkhaMDamata kA pracAra karane se kAlAMtara meM bahuta kAla taka punaH saMsAra ke duHkha bhoge / anantara siMha kI paryAya se munirAja se samyaktva aura ahiMsANuvrata Adi paMca aNuvrata grahaNa kara sallekhanA se marakara deva ho gayA / isa siMha paryAya se dasaveM bhava meM yahI jIva bhagavAna mahAbIra huA hai / dekhiye ahiMsA dharma hI isa jIva kI unnati karake ise svargAdi ke uttama uttama sukhoM ko dekara kramazaH isa jIva ko paramAtmA banA detA hai /
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________________ mahAvIra kA naitikatA - bodha - DA0 kamalacanda sogAnI mahAvIra to AtmAnubhUti aura samAja meM naitika mUlyoM ke sRjana ke jIte-jAgate udAharaNa haiM / naitika mUlyoM ke sandarbha meM mahAvIra ne vyakti aura usake sAmAjika dAyitva para pUrNa bala diyA / sarva prathama mahAvIra ne vyakti ko AtmajJa hone kI preraNA dI kyoMki isake binA nirbhayatA prApta nahIM ho sakatI aura nirbhayatA binA sAmAjika dAyitvoM kA nirvAha bhalI prakAra nahIM ho sakatA / jo vyakti laukika prazaMsA - nindA ke bhaya se bhayabhIta hai, paraloka kI udher3abuna meM grasta hai, maraNa-bhaya se AtaMkita hai, Akasmika evaM arakSAbhaya se cintita hai, vaha mAnasika santulana ke abhAva meM sAmAjika naitikatA kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA / isa taraha se jo mahatva mu~ha ke lie cakSu kA hai, vahI mahatva naitikatA ke lie AtmajJatA aura nirbhayatA kA hai| dUsarI bAta mahAvIra ne vyakti vikAsa ke lie kahI vaha thI "una saba icchAoM kA janma na hone do jo vyakti kA hrAsa karane vAlIhoM / " jisa vyakti meM sadaiva bhautika sampadAoM ko prApta karane kI icchA rahatI hai, vaha kabhI bhI samAja meM naitika mArga kA anusaraNa nahIM kara sakatA / ataH mahAvIra ne kahA ki icchAoM kA parimArjana kro| mahAvIra kA yaha bhI kahanA thA ki jo vyakti avivekI paramparAoM se cipake rahane kI pravRtti vAlA hotA hai vaha sadaiva bhUtakAlakA hI anugAmI hone ke kAraNa ujjvala bhaviSya kA nirmANa nahIM kara sakatA / ataH unhoMne kahA ki asad paramparAoM kI dAsatA vyakti hI ko vikAsonmukhI banAne meM bAdhaka hotI hai, vyakti vartamAna meM na jI kara sarvadA bhUtakAla ke bojha ko DhotA rahatA hai| isase vyakti to pichar3a ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI samAja meM jar3atA ko prApta hokara apanI jIvana dAyinI zakti se hAtha dho baiThatA hai / mahAvIra ne ye bAteM vyakti ko usake apane utthAna ke lie kahIM / ve isa bAta ko bhalI-bhAMti jAnate the ki pratyeka kArya ke lie mUla meM vyakti hotA hai, isalie sarvaprathama vyakti ko vikAsonmukhI banAnA atyanta Avazyaka hai / jaba vyakti vikAsagAmI bana jAtA hai to sAmAjika dAyitvoM ke lie ucita bhUmikA taiyAra kI jAtI hai / mahAvIra vyakti taka ruke nahIM / ve jAnate the ki vyakti samAja se alaga nahIM hotA; usakA dUsaroM ke prati bhI kucha dAyitva hai / jahA~ 'dUsarA' hotA hai vahIM se samAja prArambha hotA hai / svastha samAja ke lie 'maiM' aura 'tU' kA ucita sAmaMjasya Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra ne kahA ki anaitika ke liye sArA jJAna usI taraha arthahIna hai jaise andhe ke lie jalate hue hajAroM dIpaka / mahAvIra ne samAja ke lie jina mUlabhUta naitika mUlyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ve haiM-ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAMta | saba prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva ahiMsA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA ki kisI bhI prANI ko mata mAro, na usa para anucita zAsana karo, na use parAdhIna banAo, na use paritApa do aura na hI use udvigna karo, kyoMki antataH prANImAtra tumhAre apane jaisA hI hai / U~ca-nIca, chuA-chUta hiMsA kI parAkASThAeM haiN| mahAvIra ne svaMya dalita se dalita samajhe jAne vAle logoM ko apane gale lagAyA aura unako sAmAjika sammAna dekara unameM AtmasammAna prajvalita kiyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA ki samAja meM pratyeka manuSya ko, cAhe vaha strI ho yA puruSa, dhArmika evaM sAmAjika svataMtratA hai / pratyeka manuSya kA astitva gauravapUrNa hai usakI garimA ko banAe rakhanA ahiMsA kI pAlanA hai | ahiMsaka kabhI varga zoSaNa kA pakSapAtI nahIM hotA / vaha kabhI apane AzritoM kA zoSaNa nahIM karatA / mAnava mAtra ke prati vAtsalya usakI svAbhAvikatA hotI hai / vaha hiMsAkAraka, kalahakArI aura kaThora vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM karatA tathA sadaiva hitakArI evaM priyavacana bolatA hai / bahumUlya vastu ko alpamUlya meM lenA, corI kA /
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________________ mAla rakhanA, jhUThI gavAhI denA, taskarI, ghUsakhorI, milAvaTa Adi karanA-ina sabase dUra rahanA vaha apanA kartavya samajhatA hai / vaha zAkAhArI vRtti kA poSaka hotA hai / madirA, juA Adi vyasanoM ko unheM hiMsA kA kAraNa jAnakara vaha tyAga detA hai| anAvazyaka evam anaitika kAmAturatA ko vaha azobhanIya samajhatA hai| usako kula, jAti, rUpa, jJAna, dhana, tapa aura prabhutA kA mada nahIM hotaa| sabake prati maitrI, guNIjanoM kI prazaMsA evaM dukhiyoM kI sevAsuzruSA ahiMsaka prakriyAeM haiM; ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaise pyAsoM ke lie pAnI, aura rogiyoM ke lie auSadhi Avazyaka hai vaise hI saMsAra meM prANiyoM ke lie ahiMsA hai| mahAvIra isa bAta ko bhalI-bhAMti jAnate the ki Arthika asamAnatA aura Avazyaka vastuoM kA anucita saMgraha samAja ke jIvana ko astavyasta karane vAlA hai| inake kAraNa eka manuSya dusare kA zoSaNa karatA hai / manuSya kI isa lobha-vRtti ke kAraNa samAja aneka kaSToM kA anubhava karatA hai| isalie mahAvIra ne kahA ki Arthika asamAnatA ko miTAne kA acUka upAya hai aparigraha / parigraha ke saba sAdhana sAmAjika jIvana meM kaTutA, ghRNA aura zoSaNa ko janma dete haiN| apane pAsa utanA hI rakhanA jitanA Avazyaka hai| bAkI saba samAja ko arpita kara denA, aparigraha paddhati hai| dhana kI sImA, vastuoM kI sImA-ye saba svastha samAja ke nirmANa ke liye jarUrI haiN| dhana hamArI sAmAjika vyavasthA kA AdhAra hotA hai| aura kucha hAthoM usakA ekatrita ho jAnA samAja ke eka bahuta vikasita hone se rokatA hai| jIvanopayogI vastuoM kA saMgraha samAja meM abhAva kI sthiti paidA karatA hai| aise parigraha ke virodha meM mahAvIra ne AvAja uThAyI aura samAja meM aparigraha ke naitika mUlya kI sthApanA kii| Arthika asamAnatA ke sAtha-sAtha vaicArika matabheda bhI samAja meM dvandva ko janma dete haiM, jisake kAraNa samAja racanAtmaka pravRttiyoM ko vikasita nahIM kara sakatA hai| vaise to vaicArika matabheda mAnava-mana kI sRjanAtmaka mAnasika zaktiyoM kA pariNAma hotA hai, para isako ucita rUpa se na samajhane se manuSya ke ApasI matabheda saMkucita saMgharSa ke kAraNa bana jAte haiM aura isase samAja zakti vighaTita hotI hai| samAja ke isa pakSa ko mahAvIra ne gaharAI se samajhA aura eka aise naitika siddhAnta kI ghoSaNA kI jisase matabheda bhI satya ko dekhane kI dRSTiyAM bana gaye aura vyakti samajhane lagA ki matabheda dRSTi-pakSa bheda ke rUpa meM grAhya haiN| vaha socane lagA ki matabheda saMgharSa kA kAraNa nahIM, zakti aura vikAsa kA dyotaka hai| vaha eka unmukta mastiSka kI AvAja hai| isa tathya ko prakaTa karane ke lie mahAvIra ne kahA ki vastu ekapakSIya na hokara anekapakSIya hotI hai| vaha anekAntika hai, ekAntika nhiiN| anekAnta ke isa bauddhika-naitika mUlya se samAja meM vicAroM kA saMgharSa grahaNIya bana gyaa| manuSya ne socanA prArambha kiyA ki usakI apanI dRSTi hI sarvopari na hokara dUsare kI dRSTi bhI utanI hI mahatvapUrNa hai| usane apane kSudra ko galAnA siikhaa| samAja ke isa bauddhika-naitika mUlya ne satya ke vibhinna pakSoM ko samanvita karane kA mArga khola diyaa| satya kisI eka vyakti, dharma, rASTra meM baMdhA huA nahIM raha gyaa| pratyeka vyakti satya ke eka naye pakSa kI khoja kara samAja ko gauravAnvita kara sakatA hai| samAja ke isa bauddhika-naitika mUlya ne anucita vaicArika saMgharSa ko samApta karane kA nimaMtraNa diyA aura kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara calane ke liye ahvAna kiyaa| anekAMta samAja kA bauddhikanaitika gatyAtmaka sidvAnta hai jo jIvana meM vaicArika gati utpanna karatA hai| ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ne naitika jAgaraNa ke liye vyakti aura samAja ke pariprekSya meM jo bodha hameM diyA vaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| isase hamArA bauddhika, Arthika, rAjanaitika jIvana parimArjita hotA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa samAja sugaThita evaM samunnata ho jAtA hai| vizva ke rASTra, ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta ke mAdhyama se yuddha, zoSaNa aura tanAva ko samApta kara zAnti, samAnatA aura sahaastitva ke vAtAvaraNa se mAnava kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kara sakate haiN|
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________________ jainadharma, mahAvIra aura nArI -suzrI suzIlA kumArI baida, ema. e., dharmAlaMkAra, Aja se lagabhaga 2600 varSa pUrva bhArata meM nArI kI sthiti bar3I dayanIya thii| usakI svAdhIna sattA prAyaH lupta ho cukI thii| use mAtra dAsI mAnakara upekSA aura avahelanA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thaa| gRha-lakSmI kahakara use ghara kI cahAradIvArI meM banda rakhA gayA thaa| puruSa kI gulAmI kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3I huI nArI ko samAja kI gatividhiyoM para socane kA avasara hI nahIM diyA gayA thaa| dhArmika kSetra meM bhI usakI upekSA hone lagI thii| yaha vahI samaya thA jaba nirdoSa candanA kI nIlAmI kI boliyAM sare bAjAra lagAI giiN| tiraskAra aura lAMchanA ke usa yuga meM nArI ko eka sacce mArgadarzaka kI AvazyakatA thii| saubhAgya se usI samaya kuNDalapura meM trizalA aura siddhArtha ke putra ke rUpa meM vardhamAna kA janma huaa| atizayoM se yukta isa bAlaka kA janmotsava dhUmadhAma se manAyA gayA / vAtAvaraNa meM ullAsa chA gyaa| bAlaka vardhamAna bar3e hone lage, vaha vIra, ativIra aura mahAvIra bana gye| avasthA kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha unakA cintana baDhatA gayA / jaise unhoMne mAnava-jIvana ke aura pakSoM para gahana cintana kiyA vaise samAja meM nArI kI sthiti para bhI unakA vicAra claa| unhoMne batAyA ki puruSa aura nArI kI AtmA samAna hai / strI ko puruSa kI taraha Age bar3hane kA avasara samAna rUpa se milanA cAhie / nArI ko heya athavA ajJAnI samajhanA mahApApa hai| unhoMne nArI ke lie bhI sAdhanA kA mArga khola diyA / apane caturvidha saMgha kI saMracanA meM muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA ko unhoMne samAna rUpa se sthAna diyaa| una paristhitiyoM meM strI ke lie dIkSita hone kA adhikAra eka mahAna krAnti thii| parAdhInatA se trasta striyAM apanI mukti kA upAya pAkara bar3I prasanna huii| saMgha meM hajAroM sAdhviyAM aura lAkhoM zrAvikAeM praviSTa huIM, jinakI saMkhyA kramaza: sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA ke dugune se adhika thii| saMgha ke puruSoM kI apekSA striyoM kI adhikatA isa bAta kI dyotaka hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nArI jAgrati kI dizA meM eka dUragAmI kadama uThAyA thaa| isase yaha prakaTa ho gayA ki acche kAma meM ve puruSoM se pIche nahIM raha sktiiN| nArI ke netRtva kI bAgaDora unhoMne nArI ko sauMpa dii| sAdhvI candanabAlA unake saMgha kI pramukha AryikA thii| apane sAdhvI jIvana meM unhoMne nArI kA Adarza caritra prastuta kiyaa| usa yuga meM jIvana ke jina mUlyoM kI pratiSThA thI unake anusAra nArI jIvana kA nirmANa huaa| vaha nirmANa asAdhAraNa thaa| vartamAna yuga meM puruSa ke jIvana meM jo parivartana A rahe haiM unakA asara strI jIvana para par3e binA nahIM raha sakatA / ina parivartanoM ke sandarbho ko samajhanA cAhie aura aise kadama uThAne cAhieM, jinameM Aja kI jAgaruka nArI pratispardhA se bacakara samAja ko sahI rAste para le calane kI kSamatA pA ske| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhoga se tyAga kI ora, pravatti se nivatti kI ora, svArtha se paramArtha kI ora calane
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________________ 52 ] kA jo mArga batAyA hai usakA mahatva samAja ke ghaTaka strI aura puruSa donoM ko samajhanA cAhie aura taba jo ucita lage usakA jIvana meM AcaraNa karanA cAhie / 1 [vastutaH jaina paramparA meM prArambha se hI nArI ko prAyaH puruSa tulya hI sammAnaprApta rahatA AyA hai / prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke udaya se pUrva ke bhogayuga meM puruSa aura strI yugaliyoM ke rUpa meM sAtha hI utpanna hote, sAtha sAtha rahakara jIvana vyatIta karate aura sAtha hI mRtyu ko prApta hote the| RSabhadeva ne karmayuga kA pravartana kiyA to vivAha prathA bhI cAlU kii| unake samaya meM hI vArANasI kI rAjakumArI sulocanA ne cakravartI-putra ke mukAbale meM senApati jayakumAra ko svecchA evaM svatantratA se apanA vara cunA thaa| bhagavAna ke putra bhI hue aura putriyA~ bhI huI, aura unheM unhoMne samAna rUpa se vividha jJAna-vijJAna evaM kalAoM kI zikSA dI thii| bhagavAna kI dIkSA lene ke uparAnta jaba unake aneka putroM ne muni dIkSA lI to bhagavAna kI donoM putniyoM, brAhmI aura sundarI ne bhI AryikA dIkSA le lii| kumArI brAhmI ke nAma se hI bhAratavarSa kI prAcIna lipi brAhmIlipi kahalAI, aisI anuzruti hai| hastinApura meM rAjakumAra zreyAMsa ne apanI dharmapatnI ke sAtha hI bhagavAna ke varSItapa kA prAraNA karAke zrAvaka dharma kI pravRtti calAI thI / eka paramparA kA to yaha bhI vizvAsa hai ki prathama tIrthaMkara ke jIvanakAla meM sarvaprathama kevala jJAna evaM nirvANa prApta karane kA saubhAgya svayaM unakI jananI marudevI ko prApta huA thaa| usI paramparA ke anusAra to 18 veM tIrthakara malli strI hI the| jainoM meM tIrthakaroM kI jananiyoM kA sammAna janakoM kI apekSA kucha adhika hI rahA hai| brAhmI, sulocanA, sItA, aMjanA, mandodarI, dropadI, candanA Adi jaina paramparA kI solaha mahAsatiyAM parama AdaraNIya rahI haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne to eka ajJAta kula-zIla krIta dAsI kA uddhAra karake use apane AryikA saMgha kI adhyakSA banAyA thA / strI aura puruSa ke viSaya meM mahAvIra pUrNatayA samadRSTi the| yahAM taka ki jaba unhoMne apane muni-AryikA-zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kA saMgaThana kiyA to usameM muni 14,000 the to sAdhvI AryikAeM 36000 thIM aura gRhastha zrAvaka yadi Der3ha lAkha the to gRhastha zrAvikAeM tIna lAkha aTThAraha hajAra thiiN| zivArya (lagabhaga prathama zatI I0) jaise prAcIna jainAcAryoM ne bhI yaha spaSTa ghoSita kiyA ki "jo doSa striyoM meM ginAye gaye haiM, unakA yadi puruSa vicAra karegA to use ve bhayAnaka dIkheMge aura usakA citta unase lauTegA, kintu nIca striyoM meM jo doSa haiM ve hI doSa nIca puruSoM meM bhI rahate haiM / itanA hI nahIM, striyoM kI apekSA unakI annAdika se utpanna huI zakti adhika rahane se unameM striyoM se bhI adhika doSa rahate haiM / zIla kA rakSaNa karane vAle puruSoM ko strI jaise niMdanIya evaM tyAjya haiM, usI prakAra zIla kA rakSaNa karane vAlI nAriyoM ko bhI puruSa nidanIya evaM tyAjya haiN| saMsAra-deha-bhogoM se virakta muniyoM ke dvArA striyAM nidanIya mAnI gayI haiM, tathApi jagata meM kitanI hI nAriyAM gUNAtizaya se zobhAyukta hone ke kAraNa muniyoM ke dvArA bhI stutya haI haiM, unakA yaza jagata meM phailA hai / aisI striyAM manuSya loka meM devatA ke samAna pUjya huI haiM, aura deva bhI unheM namaskAra karate haiN|" AcArya jinasena bhI kahate haiM ki 'guNavatI nArI saMsAra meM pramukha sthAna prApta karatI hai (nArI guNavatI dhatte strI sRSTiragrimaM pdm)| itihAsa kAla meM bhI aneka jaina nAriyAM dhArmika, sAhityika, rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika kSetroM meM apanI viziSTa upalabdhiyoM ke kAraNa smaraNIya huI haiN| vartamAna yuga meM bhI purAne hindU nyAyavidhAna ke anusAra eka hindu nArI dAyabhAga, pati kI sampatti kA uttarAdhikAra, dattaka putra yA putrI lene kA adhikAra Adi jina pratibandhoM se jakar3I rahI hai, vizeSa jaina nyAyAvidhAna dvArA jaina nArI una pratibandhoM se mukta rahI hai, aura ucca nyAyAlayoM meM isake ve adhikAra mAnya hue haiN| strI zikSA kA anupAta bhI jaina samAja meM hindU evaM muslima samAjoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika rahA hai| isI zatI ke svatantratA saMgrAma meM bhI jaina nAriyoM ne ullekhanIya bhAga liyA hai| saM.]
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________________ sarvodayI jainadharma aura jAtivAda -paM0 parameSThIdAsa jaina nyAyatIrtha jaba hama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vividha kalyANakArI siddhAntoM aura unake sArvajanIna upadezoM para dRSTipAta karate haiM, to aisA lagatA hai ki DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhI jo mAnava-mana yA mAnava-vRttiyAM athavA mAnavoM kI samasyAyeM thIM, ve Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne taba jo upadeza athavA sandeza diye the unhIM ko uttaravartI jainAcAryoM ne prakArAntara se granyabaddha kiyA thA aura jaba hama Aja ke sandarbha meM una upadezoM ko dekhate haiM to lagatA hai ki ve hI upadeza Aja bhI mAnava kalyANa ke lie jyoM ke tyoM upayogI evaM kalyANaprada haiN| jaise vartamAna meM sampatti saMgraha, smagaliMga, Taiksa corI aura sammizraNa (milAvaTa) Adi kI sarvatra carcA hai, tathA ina anAcAroM se sarakAra aura prajA parezAna hai, ina sabakA prabala virodha karate hue jainAcAryoM ne do hajAra varSa pUrva bhI kahA thAstenaprayogatadAhRtAvAna viruddha rAjyAtikrama honAdhika mAnonmAnapratirUpakavyavahArA -tatvArthasUtra 7-27 arthAta corI ke lie cora ko preraNA karanA yA corI ke upAya batAnA, curAI huI vastu ko kharIdanA, rAjya kI AjJA ke viruddha calanA (jaise niSiddha vastuoM kA corI-chupI se AyAta-niryAta karanA athavA cuMgI, nAkA-bairiyara Adi ko corI se pAra kara jAnA), nApa-taula meM kama-bar3ha karanA (kilo aura sera athavA mITara aura gaja ke nApataula meM manamAnI gar3abar3I karanA), tathA milAvaTa karanA, ityAdi saba pApAcAra haiN| jo ina aticAroM se bacakara calatA hai vahI vratI hai, vahI bhalA nAgarika hai| Aja ke vAtAvaraNa meM isa sUtra kA tadanurUpa bhASya karake dekheM to jJAta hogA ki Aja kaise-kaise corI ke prayoga ho rahe haiM, AyAta-niryAta ke lie kaise aura kitane prakAra se rAjakIya niyamoM kA caturAI se ullaMghana kiyA jAtA hai, corI kA mAla kaise khapAyA jA rahA hai, aura nApa-taula tathA milAvaTa kI kitanI, kaisI gar3abar3iyAM cala rahI hai| smagaliMga aura smagalaroM kI pakar3A-dhakar3I yA chApAmAra yojanA isakA jIvita pramANa hai| jainAcAryoM ne mAnavacaritra ko samujjavala banAne ke lie "ahiMsAsatyamasteyabrahmacaryAparigrahaH" kA upadeza diyA thA aura zrI amRtacandrasUri ne puruSArthasiddhadhyupAya meM parigraha athavA lobha ko hiMsA kA hI paryAyavAcI batalAyA thA (hiMsAyAH paryo lobhaH) / isa prakAra parigraha ko bhI hiMsA kA hI rUpAntara kaha kara usake tyAgane kA upadeza diyA thA / AcArya umAsvAmI ne "mUrchA parigrahaH" sUtra dvArA kevala bAhara ke tAmajhAma ko hI nahIM, apitu antaraMga mamatvabhAva ko mUrchA kahA hai (mUrchA tu mamatva pariNAmaH) aura vAhya padArthoM ke prati Antarika lAlasA ko parigraha kahA hai, pApa kahA hai, tyAjya kahA gayA hai|
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________________ 54 ] kha -4 yahI kAraNa ki gRhasthAcAra ke nirvAha ke lie parigraha kA parimANa karane kI bAta kahI gayI hai / samantabhadrAcArya ne "paramita parigrahasyAta" ke dvArA anivArya Avazyaka vastuoM kI maryAdA karake aura adhika meM kSA kA tyAga ( tato'dhikeSu nispRhatA) karane kI bAta kahI hai / isa prakAra apanI yathArtha AvazyakatAoM ko dekhate hue kama se kama parigraha rakhanA aura usa parigraha-parimANa vrata ke bAhara kisI bhI prakAra kI cAha, mamatva, lAlasA yA lobha kA bhAva mana meM nahIM Ane denA caahie| jaina pUjA meM "lobha pApa ko bApa bakhAnI" kahakara lobha yA parigraha ko 'pApa kA bApa' batalAyA hai| kyoMki yuddha, AkramaNa, anyAya aura atyAcAra, lobha, lAlasA yA parigraha kI tRSNAvaza hI hote haiM / jahA~ parigraha kA parimANa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai vahAM nirantara sampatti ko bar3hAne kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai, aura yo samagra jIvana hAya tobA meM vyatIta hotA hai / aparimita saMpatti ke kAraNa mana nirantara Akulita rahatA hai, sarakArI chApe kA bhaya bar3hA rahatA hai aura saMcita sampatti kA khulakara upayoga bhI nahIM kara paate| hamArA dharma hI nahIM, apitu sarakAra kI chApAmAra pravRtti bhI hameM parigraha kA parimANa karane ke lie prerita kara rahI hai / jainAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki dhana-sampatti, makAna aura vastrAbhUSaNAdi parigrahoM kA yathAvazyaka parimANa karo, tathA apanI kRtamaryAdA se adhika jo nyAyapUrvaka arjita ho, vaha dUsaroM ke hita meM arpita kara do / yahI sad-gRhastha kA dharmAcAra hai / aparigraha, acaurya aura ahiMsAdi vratoM kI zuddhi ke lie yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vratI vyakti kisI prakAra kI zalya nahIM rkhe| sabhI prakAra chala-kapaTa yA dikhAve kA tyAga kare, dAna Adi dekara pratiphala kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhe aura AtmazraddhA ko sudRr3ha banAye rakhe, kyoMki mAnasika sthiti svaccha rakhakara hI dharma ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra antaraMga - bahiraMga zuddhipUrvaka kiyA gayA vrata, dharma athavA tyAga Adi hI vAstavika dharma kahA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne ahiMsAdi vratoM kI rakSA ke lie badha, lAdane kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai, galata dastAveja likhane- likhAne ko aura dharohara ko bhI aparAdha kahA hai tathA kutsita jIvana kI bhartsanA karate baMdhana tathA pazuoM para adhika bhAra Adi ke vyavahAra meM gar3abar3I karane hue nirmala jIvana jIne kA upadeza diyA hai / sAtha hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne rur3higata paramparAoM kA niSedha karake sarvodayI dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA thA, jo binA kisI bhedabhAva ke sabake liye thA / jahA~ saMkucita dRSTi hai, svapara kA pakSapAta hai, zArIrika acchAI burAI ke kAraNa AMtarika nIMca UMcapana kA bhedabhAva hai, vahA~ dharma nahIM ho sakatA / dharma Atmika hotA hai, zArIrika dRSTi se to koI bhI mAnava pavitra nahIM / isalie AtmA ke sAtha dharma kA sambandha mAnanA hI viveka hai / loga jisa zarIra ko ucca samajhate haiM usa zarIra vAle kugati meM bhI gaye haiM, aura jinake zarIra nIca samajhe jAte haiM ve bhI sugati ko prApta hue haiM / dharma camar3e meM nahIM kintu AtmA meM hotA hai / isalie jainadharma isa bAta kA spaSTatayA pratipAdana karatA hai ki pratyeka prANI apanI sukRti ke anusAra ucca pada prApta kara sakatA hai / dharma kA dvAra sabake lie sarvadA khulA hai| raviSeNAcArya kahate haiM anAthAnAmabaMdhunAM dariNAM suduHkhinAm / jinazAsanametadvidha, paramaM zaraNaM matam // jo anAtha haiM, bAMdhava vihIna hai, daridra haiM, atyanta dukhI haiM unake lie dharma parama zaraNa bhUta hai / yahA~ para kalpita jAtiyoM yA kisI varNa kA ullekha na karake sarva sAdhAraNa ko jainadharma hI eka zaraNabhUta batalAyA hai / jainadharma meM manuSyoM kI bAta to kyA, pazu pakSI, prANimAtra ke kalyANa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ [ 55 AtmA kA saccA hitaiSI, jagata ke prANiyoM ko pAra lagAne vAlA, mahAmithyAvAda ke gaDDhe se nikAlakara sanmArga para ArUr3ha karA dene vAlA aura prANimAtra ke prema kA pATha par3hAne vAlA sarvajJa-kathita jainadharma hai / yaha sikhAtA hai ki ahamanyatA ko chor3akara manuSya se manuSyatA kA vyavahAra karo, prANImAna se maitrIbhAva rakho, aura nirantara parahita nirata rho| manuSya hI nahIM, pazuoM taka ke kalyANa kA upAya socoM aura unheM ghora duHkha dAvAnala se nikaalo| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM samasta prANiyoM kI hita kAmanA kI gaI hai| yamapAla nAmaka cANDAla vrata dhAraNa karane para samAjamAnya ho gayA aura devatAoM ne bhI abhiSekapUrvaka usakI pUjA kI thii| yathA tadA tadavratamAhAtmyAnmahA dharmAnurAgataH / siMhAsane samAropya devatAmiH zubhairjalaiH / / abhiSicya prahaNa divyavanAdimi: sudhIH / nAnAratnasuvarNadviyaMH pUjitaH paramAdarAt // vahA~ ke rAjA ne bhI usa cANDAla ke dharma prabhAva se prabhAvita hokara, nIca-U~ca kA bheda-bhAva kiye binA, usakA sammAna kiyA, yathA taM prabhAvaM samAlokya rAjAyaH parayA mudaa| ___athitaH sa mAtaMgo yamapAlo guNojvala: / / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM brata, dharma aura guNoM ko mahattA dI gayI hai, inake sammukha hIna jAti athavA aspRzyatA kA vicAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| jAti ke abhimAna kA parityAga karane kA upadeza dete hue spaSTa kahA hai ki cANDAlopi vratopetaH prajitaH devatAdimiH / tasmAdanthana viprAdvarya jAtigarbo vidhIyate / / vratoM se yukta cANDAla bhI devoM dvArA pUjA gayA, isIlie brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizyoM ko apanI jAti kI uccatA kA garva nahIM karanA caahie| isa prakAra jainadharma meM jAti athavA varNa ko mahattA na dekara kevala zubhAcaraNa aura zIla-pAlana ko hI mahatva diyA hai / amitagati AcArya ke zabdoM meM zIlavantoM gatAH svarga nIca jAtibhavA api / kulInA narakaM prAptAH zIlasaMyamanAzinaH / / jinheM nIca jAti meM utpanna kahA jAtA hai ve zIla ko dhAraNa karake svarga gaye haiM aura jinake lie ucca kulIna hone kA mada kiyA jAtA hai aise durAcArI manuSya naraka gaye haiN| nAsti jAtikRto bhedo manuSyANAM gavAzvavat / manuSyoM meM gAya aura ghor3oM kI taraha jAtikRta koI bheda nahIM hote| guNabhadrAcArya ne to kaha diyA ki(manuSyajAtireka) saba manuSyoM kI eka hI jAti hai; jainAcAryoM ne manuSyoM ke bIca koI jAti bheda na mAnakara spaSTa kahA hai ki AjIvikA ke bheda se hI brAhmaNa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra jaise jAti paraka bheda ho gaye haiN| unameM
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________________ 56 ] janmataH koI meda nahIM hotA, aura isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM pratipAdita vyavasthA ko lekara jAtigata abhimAna ko jAti mada kahA gayA hai, jo ki sabhyak-darzana kA doSa mAnA gayA hai / samajhadAra logoM ko jAti kA garva nahIM karAnA caahie| jAtigaryo na kartabyastataH kutrApi dhIdhanaiH / jainadharma meM bar3I hI udAratApUrvaka kahA gayA hai ki-isa dharma kA jo bhI AcaraNa karatA hai. vahI zrAvaka arthAta jaina hai bhale hI vaha brAhmaNa ho, zUdra ho yA aura anya koI bhI ho, kyoMki zrAvaka ke sira para koI maNi nahIM rahatA, jisase pahacAnA jA sake ki yaha zrAvaka hai| ____ isase spaSTa hai ki koI bhI vyakti binA kisI bhedabhAva ke jainadharma dhAraNa kara sakatA hai aura zrAvaka ho sakatA hai| manuSya aura manuSya ke bIca jAtigata bhedabhAva ke AdhAra para logoM ko choTA bar3A mAnA jAne lagA aura isIlie vividha prakAra ke kalaha, dveSa evaM mAtsarya bhAva phaile tathA manuSyoM ke bIca khUna kharAbA huaa| yaha anAcAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke usa pAvana sandeza ko bhulA dene se hI huA ki manuSya aura manuSya ke bIca jAtigata koI bheda nahIM ho sakatA / vastutaH sarvodayI jainadharma meM jAtivAda ke lie sthAna hI nahIM hai| Aja kevala bhAratavarSa meM hI nahIM apitu samUce vizva meM mAnava jAti ke bIca janma, raMga aura vividha prakAra kI kAlpanika U~ca nIcatA ko lekara pahile se bhI adhika bhayAnaka sthiti banI huI hai| isalie yadi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke aura anya jainAcAryoM ke upadezoM evaM saMdezoM kA punaH pracAra kiyA jAya to mAnava jAti ke madhya maitrI evaM bhrAtRbhAva sthApita ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne to akhila mAnava samAja ke yoga kSema (kSemaM sarva prajAnAM) kI bhAvanA bhAne kI bAta kahakara vizvabaMdhutva yA vizvakalyANakAritA kA upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI AcAryaparamparA meM vaha upadeza, Adeza yA sandeza diye gaye the jo Adhunika yuga meM pahale se bhI adhika upayukta hote haiN| yadi hama una para cala sakeM to hamArI samAja yA hamArA deza hI nahIM, apitu akhila vizva sukha, zAnti aura nirAkulatApUrvaka raha sakatA hai|
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________________ badalate sAmAjika mUlyoM meM mahAvIra vANI kI bhUmikA AtmA aura zabda ajara-amara vaidika paramparA meM batAyA gayA hai ki zabda brahma' hai, vaha ajara-amara hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zabda kA vinAza nahIM hotA, vANI sadaiva amara rahatI hai| taba prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba zabda kA vinAza nahIM hotA, vANI sadaiva amara rahatI hai, taba to koI bhI zabda kyoM na ho, koI bhI vANI kyoM na ho, cAhe va mahAn puruSoM kI ho athavA adhamajanoM kI, bhagavAna kI ho athavA pAmara prANiyoM kI, donoM hI amara hone ke nAte paraspara TakarAtI raheMgI, unakA kolAhala banA hI rhegaa| phira vartamAna meM usase hameM kyA lAbha ? mahAn puruSoM kI vANI hI kalyANI bhAratIya saMskRti meM eka bahuta bar3I bAta kahI gaI hai ki pApa para puNya kI, asatya para satya kI, anyAya para nyAya kI, zaitAna para insAna kI aura dAnava para deva kI sadaiva vijaya huA karatI hai / 'satyameva jayate' bhAratIya saMskRti kA pAvana siddhAnta vAkya hai / isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki yadyapi deva aura dAnava kI yA pAmaraprANI kI vANI sarvakAla aura sarvakSetra meM jana kalyANakArI na hone se loka meM amaratA prApta nahIM kara sakatI, jaba ki mahAna AtmAoM kI vANI, jo ki mukhyataH sarvakSetra aura sarvakAla meM loka-kalyANArthaM hI niHsRta huA karatI hai, loka meM maryAdita, pratiSThita evaM amara hotI hai / mahAvIra vANI kI yugasApekSAtA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI, bhI usa yuga meM utpIr3ana ke bIca sArvajanika sarvakSetrIya kalyANa svarUpa nissRta huI thI, ataH vaha yugAntarakArI evaM ajara-amara hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kA, unake amRtopama saMdeza kA zabda zabda evaM akSara-akSara pratyeka yuga meM aura pratyeka kSetra meM loka kalyANa kAraka hai / koTizaH samasyAoM ke jAla meM ulajhe mAnavoM ke liye prANadAyI hai| cAhe hama ise AdhyAtmika yA dArzanika rUpa meM leM athavA bhautika yA jAgatika rUpa meM, yaha sarvatobhAvena sarvajJatva maryAdA samanvitA vANI hai| kisI yuga vizeSa ke liye nahIM, apitu yugoM-yugoM ke liye samAna rUpa se upAdeya hai / 1. - DA0 ummedamala munota ise spaSTa karane ke liye hameM bhagavAna ke maMgalamaya upadezoM kI gaharAI meM gote lagAnA hogA, usake marma ko samajhanA hogA, usakA yuga sApekSa evaM samIcInatA kI dRSTi se vizleSaNa karanA hogA / isa loka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA AvirbhAva ( avatAra ) Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva huA thA / taba kI aura aba kI mAnyatAoM, paramparAoM, rUr3hiyoM, rItiyoM, jIvana-starIya samasyAoM, yugIna paristhitiyoM meM paryApta antara hai / Adhunika yuga 'zabdaM brahmeti vyajAnAt ' -upaniSada |
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________________ 58 ] kI bhinna samasyAe~ haiM, bhinna mApadaNDa haiM, AcAra-vicAra meM bhinnatA hai, phira bhagavAna mahAvIra ke una prAcInatama siddhAntoM kA Aja ke yuga meM kyA kucha mahatva ho sakatA hai ? ve hameM kisa bhA~ti samasyAoM ke daladala se bAhara nikAla sakate haiM ? samasta mAnava mahAvIra bane yahA~ vicAraNIya yaha hai ki mAnava kA bAhya AvaraNa badala jAne se mAnava nahIM badala jaataa| mAnava antataH mAnava hI rahatA hai| ThIka usI prakAra samasyAoM ke bAharI kalevara badala jAne se samasyAe~ badala jAtI haiM, aisA nahIM samajhA jaataa| bhale hI samasyAoM ko socane, samajhane aura jIvana meM dekhane kI dRSTi meM parivartana A jAye, kintu mAnava kI samasyAeM yathAvat banI huI haiN| usake rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra ke taura-tarIke cAhe badala gaye haiM, kintu mAnava kI maulika samasyAeM-bhojana, vastra, AvAsa evaM zikSA-jisa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM thI Adhunika kAla meM bhI vaisI hI haiN| alabattA, kramazaH bar3hatI huI maeNhagAI, audyogika evaM takanIkI kSetroM meM rASTroM kI betahAzA bhAgatI huI daur3a avazya bar3ha gaI hai| aura sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki Aja kI kazamakaza sthiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA mUlya aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| taba eka mahAvIra the, Aja samasta mAnavoM ko mahAvIra banane kA samaya A gayA hai| isI meM loka-kalyANa hai, anya meM nhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke loka-kalyANArtha jo upadeza the unameM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aura aparigraha ina paMca-mahAvratoM ke jIvana vyavahAra meM sakriya paripAlana para mukhya rUpa se bala denA hogaa| aura inhIM pAMca vratoM ke siddhAntoM meM, cAhe samarasatAvAda ho, samatAvAda ho, sarvodayavAda ho athavA Adhunika samAjavAda ho-sabakA svataH samAveza ho jAtA hai| yahA~ hama bhagavAna kI vANI kA ina paMcavratoM ke pariprekSya meM yugasApekSa vivecana kreNge| mahAvIra-vANI : Adhunika pariprekSya meM dhvaMsamUlaka vikRtiyoM kA upacAra 1. ahiMsA-ahiMsA ke viSaya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kathana hai kisI bhI jIva ko trAsa (kaSTa) nahIM denA caahiye| sabhI sacetana prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai, sukha sabako hI acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha burA / vadha sabako apriya hai aura jIvana priya / ataH kisI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhiye / ' parapIr3A meM lage hue jIva eka to andhakAra kI ora jAte haiM, aura dUsare, isa prakAra vaira kI paramparA cala par3atI hai| vaira-vRtti vAlA vyakti sadaiva vaira hI karatA rahatA hai| vaha eka ke bAda eka kiye jAne vAle vaira ko bar3hAte rahane meM hI dilacaspI rakhatA hai| mAnava-jAti kI jitanI bhI dhvaMsamUlaka vikRtiyA~ haiM jaise-vaira, vaimanasya, kalaha, ghRNA, IrSyA-dveSa, duHsaMkalpa, durvacana, krodha, abhimAna, dambha, lobha, lAlaca, zoSaNa-damana Adi-ina sabako dUra karane kA ahiMsA kA 2. na ya vittAsae paraM-utarA dhyayana 2/2 3. (ka) savve pANA piyAuyA, suhasAyA duha-paDikUlA piya jIviNo jIviukAmA, savvesi jIviyaM piyaM nAi vAaijja kaMcana-AyArAga 1/2/3 (kha) savve jIvA vi icchaMti, jIviuM na mrijjiuN| tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM, niggaMthA vajjayatiNaM-dazavakAlika 4. tamAo te taMmaM jaMti maMdA ArambhanissiyA-sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/1/12 5. verAI kuvvai verI, tao verehiM rajjati-sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/7
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________________ kha-4 vyApaka siddhAMta hai ki krodha ko krodha se nahIM, kSamA se jiito| daMbha ko daMbha se nahIM, saralatA aura nizchalatA se jiito| se nahIM, saMtoSa se jIto, udAratA se jiito| isI prakAra bhaya ko abhaya se, ghaNA ko prema se jItanA caahiye| ahiMsA prakAza kI andhakAra para, prema kI ghRNA para, sadbhAva kI vaira para tathA acchAI kI burAI para vijaya kA amogha astra hai| yaha vahI patha hai, jisa para cala kara mAnava, mAnava ko mAnava samajha sakatA hai| dUsare sAtha hI yaha vizva ke samagra-cetanya ko eka dharAtala para lA khar3I karatI hai| ahiMsA samagra prANiyoM meM ekatA evaM samAnatA sthApita karatI haiN| ahiMsA kA jitanA bar3A mahatva prAcIna kAla meM thA, utanA hI, balki usase kahIM jyAdA mahatva Aja ke yuga meM haiM, Aja kI paristhitiyoM meM hai| Aja AvazyakatAe~ anantamUkhI ho calI haiM, jaba ki unakI pUrti ke sAdhana sImita ho cale haiN| aisI sthiti meM Aja ke badale hue yuga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA sammatavANI kA mahatva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai ahiMsA kA vyApaka siddhAMta sArvakAlika hai| yaha prAcIna yuga meM bhI Avazyaka thA, vartamAna meM usase bhI bar3hakara Avazyaka hai, aura bhaviSya meM isase bhI jyAdA Avazyaka rhegaa| mAnava jIvana ke sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanaitika Adi sabhI kSetroM kI, aura samasta rASTroM kI samasyAoM, jhagar3oM, praznoM evaM masaloM ko sthAyI rUpa se hala karane ke lie ahiMsA amogha sAdhana hai| mana kI pavitratA se sAkSAtkAra 2. satya-satya jIvana kA bahuta bar3A AdhAra hai| ise bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 'saM sacyaM khu bhagavaM' kahA hai| isakI prApti ke liye vyakti ko AtmA kI gaharAI meM utaranA par3atA hai| satya kA aisA AcaraNa karane vAlA Atmastha vyakti sAkSAta nirvikAra nirAnanda paramAtmA svarUpa ho jAtA hai| use kisI bhI prakAra kA rAga-dveSa, harSaviSAda apane bAhupAza meM Avaddha nahIM kara paataa| __ satya kI dhurI para yaha jar3a-cetanamaya vizva sthita hai| isakI prakriyA meM thor3A sA bhI jaba vyatikrama ho jAtA hai, to bhISaNa saMhAra zurU ho jAtA hai / yaha satya hai ki vizva ke samasta niyama evaM vidhAna satya para hI pratiSThita haiN| vAn mahAvIra ke darzana meM sabase bar3I krAnti satya ke viSaya meM yaha rahI hai ki ve vANI ke satya kI apekSA mana ke satya ko adhika mahatva dete the| jaba taka mana meM satya kI pratiSThA nahIM ho jAtI, mana satya ke prati AgrahazIla nahIM bana jAtA, usameM jhUTha, chala, kapaTa bhare hote haiM taba taka vANI kA satya satya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| satya kA prathama sopAna mAnasika pavitratA aura dUsarA vacana kI pavitratA hai| ina donoM se saMyukta AcaraNa kA vyakti satya kA saccA pujArI hotA hai| usakA pratyeka AcaraNa kalyANakArI hotA hai| udAratA aura kSamA satya ke AcaraNa ke hI do pahalU haiN| isa prakAra vinamrabhAva se vizva kI sevA karane vAlA vyakti satya kA saccA sAdhaka hai| satya kA aisA AcaraNa karane vAlA vyakti satya ke ujjvalatama prakAza se udbhAsita hotA huA, satya ke vAstavika loka meM pahu~ca jAtA hai / satya kI isa virAT bhUmi para pahu~ca kara sAdhya svayaM satyamaya kiMvA satyasvarUpa bana jAtA hai| Upara ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke satya ke artha ko kisI darzana ke nigUr3ha paryAya meM na dekha kara vizva-kalyANaka vyavahArakSama paryAya meM dekhA aura use jana mAnasa meM pratiSThata kiyA jAya / ataeva bhagavAna mahAvIra kI isa satya kI zAzvat vANI kI upAdeyatA sArvayugIna hai, anantakAla-paryanta lokopakArI rhegii|
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________________ naitikatA kA mApadaNDa 3. asteya-koI bhI vastu cAhe vaha sajIva ho athavA nirjIva, usake svAmI ke Adeza ke binA use kadApi vahIM lenA cAhiye / dAMta kuredane ko tinakA bhI binA AjJA ke nahIM liyA jA sktaa|' corI ke bahuta se kAraNa haiM, jinameM cAra mukhya haiN| inameM prathama kAraNa hai-verojgaarii| kAma dhandhA nahIM milane se, bekAra ho jAne se aura apanA jIvana nahIM calA pAne se kitane hI vyakti corI karanA zurU kara dete haiN| inameM jo susabhya evaM susaMskRta manuSya hote haiM, ve to maraNa pasanda kara sakate haiM kintu corI kA AcaraNa nahIM apanA sakate / kintu aise vyakti svalpa hI hote haiN| corI apavyaya karanA bhI sikhAtI hai / aneka manuSya vivAha, mRtabhoja, athavA anya yajJAdi meM apanA pUrNa zAna-zaukata dikhAne ke liye bezumAra dhana karja lekara kharca kara DAlate haiM, jise bAda meM, apanI sImita AmadanI se cakA nahIM pAne ke kAraNa corI kA rAstA apanAte haiN| __ kucha loga kuzikSA, kusaMskAra evaM kusaMgati ke kAraNa bhI corI karane laga jAte haiN| ataeva asteya kA mahatva bhI sArvakAlika evaM jIvanavyavahAra meM zAzvata hai| isakA mahatva kadApi kama nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA kI zuddha pariNati 4. brahmacarya-brahma kA artha hai-mAtmA kA zuddha bhAva, paramAtmabhAva aura 'carya' kA artha hai-calanA, gati karatA, AcaraNa karanA / AtmA ko vikArI bhAvoM se haTA kara zuddha pariNati meM kendrita karanA-brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA hai| AtmA kI zuddha pariNati hI paramAtmajyoti hai, parabrahma hai, aura ise prApta karane kI sAdhanA kA nAma hI brahmacarya hai tathA isa prakAra kI sAdhanA karane vAle kA nAma hai-brahmacArI (Searcher after God) katipaya vyakti brahmacarya kA artha strI-saMsarga se dUra honA batAte haiN| kintu jainadharma brahmacarya kA itanA sImita artha nahIM letA / brahmacArI kA artha hai ki strI kA sparza karane se mana meM kisI prakAra kA vikAra utpanna na ho. jisa taraha kAgaja para chape sundara ramaNIka citra ko sparza karane se nahIM hotaa| aMtarmana meM saccI nirvikAratA dono sparza karane para bhI vikAra paidA nahIM hotaa| aMtarmana kI nirvikAra dazA hI vastutaH saccA brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya kisI prakAra kA bAharI dabAva yA baMdhana nahIM, apitu mana kA saMyama hai| jainAgamoM meM isa saMyama ko sarvopari mahatva dete hue asIma kAmanAoM ko sImita karane hetu vivAha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isameM kahA haivivAha pUrNa saMyama kI ora agrasara hone kA mahatvapUrNa caraNa hai aura pAzavikra jIvana se nikala kara nItipUrNa maryAdita mAnava jIvana ko aMgIkAra karane kA sAdhana hai| kintu isameM vezyA-gamana, evaM paradAra sevana ke liye koI sthAna nahIM hai balki maithuna sevana ko adharma kA mUla aura bar3e-bar3e doSoM ko bar3hAne vAlA kahA hai| isa rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jana cetanA ke samakSa brahmacarya kA eka mahAn Adarza upasthita kiyA hai, jo ki naitikatA para sarvAMzataH AdhArita hai| isake binA mAnava kA jIvana tejohIna, ojahIna, kAMtihIna evaM eka prakAra se niSprANa ho jaaegaa| ataH bhagavAna-mahAvIra kI brahmacarya sammata vANI bhI sArvakAlika hai, isameM koI saMzaya nahIM hai| 6. citamaMtamacita vA apyaM vA jai vA bAhu / daMta-sohaNametaM pi uggahaMsi ajAiyA / 7. mUlameyamahamassa mahAdosasamussayaM / tamhA mehaNasaMsaggaM niggaMthA vajjayaMtiNaM dazavakAlika
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________________ [ 61 mamatvabhAva kA tyAga 5. aparigraha-kisI bhI vastu ke prati mUrchA kA bhAva hI parigraha kA mUla kAraNa hai| parigraha kA artha hai-saMgraha (hoarding) aura aparigraha kA artha hai-tyAga, kisI vastu kA anAvazyaka saMgraha na karake usakA jana-kalyANa hetu vitaraNa kara denaa| kAraNa yaha bhI manuSya ko ahaMkAra evaM moharUpI aMdhere athAha bhaMvara meM Dubo dene vAlA hotA hai| yaha artha (sampati) anitya hai, caMcala hai, krodha, mAna aura lobha kI udbhAvikA hai| dharmarUpI kalpavRkSa ko jalA dene vAlI hai| yaha nyAya, kSamA, santoSa, namratA Adi sadguNoM ko khA jAne vAlA kIr3A hai / parigraha bodhi bIja (samyaktva) kA vinAzaka hai aura saMyama, saMvara, tathA brahmacarya kA ghAtaka hai| cintA aura zoka rUpa sAgara ko bar3hAne vAlA tRSNArUpI viSa-bela ko sIMcane vAlA krUra-kapaTa kA bhaNDAra aura kleza kA AgAra hai / jJAnI puruSa saMyama sAdhaka upakaraNoM ko lene aura rakhane meM kahIM bhI kisI prakAra kA mamatva nahIM karate / aura to kyA, apane zarIra taka ke prati bhI mamatvabhAva nahIM rkhte| jo puruSa sampUrNa kAmoM (icchA kAmoM aura madanakAmoM) kA tyAga kara mamatva rahita va ahaMkAra rahita nispRha jIvana bitAtA hai, vaha sthitaprajJa hai| vahI akhaNDa zAnti ko prApta karake brAhmI sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai| ataH aparigraha eka mahAna vrata hai, jisakA Aja ke yuga meM janakalyANa kI dRSTi se aura bhI adhika mahatva hai, kyoMki vartamAna yuga meM parigraha lAlasA bahuta bar3hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aparigraha ke viSaya meM eka bahuta hI bar3I bAta kahI hai ki aparigraha kisI vastu ke tyAga kA nAma nahIM apitu kisI vastu meM nihita mamatva-mUrchA ke tyAga ko aparigraha kahate haiN| jar3a cetana, prApta-aprApta, dRSTa-adRSTa, zruta-azruta vastu ke prati mamatA, lAlasA, tRSNA va kAmanA banI rahatI hai taba taka vAhatyAga sahI mAne meM tyAga nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki kisI paristhiti vizeSa meM vivaza hokara bhI kisI vastu kA tyAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu usake prati nihita mamatva kA tyAga nahIM ho paataa| yahI mamatva saMtrAsa kA kAraNa hai / yadi loga vastu ke anAvazyaka saMgraha ko rokanA cAhate haiN| usakA unmUlana karanA cAhate haiM, to vastu ke tyAga se pUrva vastu meM nihita mamatva ke tyAga ko apanAnA hogA aura aisA kiye binA aparigraha kA pAlana na ho pAyegA, isI kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gRhastha zrAvakoM ke lie parigraha-parimANavrata batAyA hai| vizva ke bahusaMkhyaka abhAvagrasta prANanANa pA sakate haiM / mahAvIra vANI kI bhUmikA Upara maiMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sArvajanIna, sArvabhauma vANiyoM kA vihaMgama vivecana kiyA hai| usa vivecana ke uparAnta hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANiyoM kI zAzvata mahatva hai, cAhe ma use AdhyAtmika pariprekSya meM dekheM, cAhe sAmAjika evaM rAjanItika pariprekSya meM dekheM athavA sAMskRtika evaM Arthika 8. arthamanathaM bhAvaya nityam-zaMkarAcArya 9. avi appagovi dehani, nAyaraMti mamAiyaM-dazavakAlika 10. vihAya kAmAnyaH savInpumAMzcarati niHspRhaH / nirmamo niraMhakAraH sa zAMtimadhigacchati / / gItA, 2, 7
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________________ 62 ] pariprekSya meM dekheN| yuga badala jAe, yuga kI mAnyatAoM evaM mUlyoM meM parivartana A jAyeM, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA mahatva sadaiva akSuNNa rhegaa| jahAM taka Aja ke badalate sAmAjika mUlyoM ke bIca bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kI bhUmikA kA prazna hai, Aja ke yuga ke liye to bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI kalpavRkSa kI bhAMti mahatvapUrNa hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aisA kucha bhI nahIM kahA, jisakA sirpha tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM meM hI mahatva ho, balki unhoMne jo kucha bhI kahA usakA mahatva sArvakAlika hai| isI kAraNa unakI vANI kA aura unake kAryoM kA yugoM-yugoM taka, asaMkhya pIr3hiyoM taka sthAyI mahatva hai| jisa prakAra hara andhakAra ke liye prakAza kA mUlya sadaiva eka samAna hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra Age Ane vAlI pIr3hiyA~ jaba bhI andhakAra ke sAye meM grasta ho par3atI haiM, ina mahApuruSoM kI divya prabhApUrNa vANiyA~ hI, unake liye prakAzastaMbha banatI haiM, unakA mArga prazasta karatI haiN| Aja ke saMtrAsa, kuNThA evaM agaNita abhAvoM se grasta yuga ke bIca bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| Aja kI isa ghuTana bharI paristhiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI trANa kA amodya astra hai| ataH Aja ke yuga ke liye yaha nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANiyoM ko jIvana vyavahAra meM apanAkara vizvabandhutva vasudhaivakuTumbakam evaM samatA kiMvA samAjavAdI Adarza siddhAnta ko saphala bnaaeN| isake binA vartamAna yuga kA kalyANa sambhava nhiiN| 2500vA mahAvIra nirvANa mahotsaba parasparopagraho jIvAnAm
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________________ kyA mahAvIra kA yuga kabhI lauTegA ? -DA0 devendra kumAra zAstrI bhagavAna mahAvIra dIrgha tapasvI the / ve gautama buddha kI bhA~ti mRdumArgI nahIM the| unakA jIvana koI samajhautAvAdI nahIM thA / ve nirbhaya aura pUrNa ahiMsaka the| caritra ke antima utkarSa vItarAgatA ko ve prApta kara cuke the| isalie unhoMne apane samaya meM pracalita sat, asat , avaktavya, kriyA, akriyA, niyati, yadRcchA, kAla Adi vAdoM kA yathArthajJAna va dharma kA vAstavika mArga logoM ko batAyA / pratyeka viSaya kA jJAna unakI vANI se prasphuTita huaa| avaktavya kaha kara ve mauna nahIM hue| apanI prathama dezanA meM AtmA kA svarUpa samajhAte hue unhoMne batAyA ki "unnai vA vimei vA dhuvei vA" |-sthaanaaNgsuutr sthAna 10 -AtmA utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura mUla meM jyoM kI tyoM kAyama rahatI hai| paramArtha se AtmA nitya va zAzvata hai, kintu sUkSma tathA sthUla zarIra kI upasthiti meM evaM saMyogIvAna hone ke kAraNa sthala zarIra, paryAya ke nAza hone para vyaya yA parivartana hone para ise nAzavAna yA anitya kahA jAtA hai| yaha ThIka usI prakAra se haiM jaise ki utpreraka (kaiTelisTa) apanI upasthiti mAtra se, nijI kucha bhI khoye binA anya padArthoM meM (sakSma zarIroM meM) parivartana kriyA utpanna kara dete haiM / kabhI yaha kriyA manda, mandatara aura mandatama hotI hai aura kabhI tIvra, tIvratara aura tIvratama hotI hai| ina sabhI prakriyAoM meM utprerakoM kI racanA tathA guNadharmoM meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA aura na unakI rAsAyanika sthiti meM vizeSa parivartana hotA hai, jaise ki Thosa na to cUrNa ho jAte haiM aura na drava saghana ho jAte haiM / ___ isa prakAra AtmA aura jagat ke sambandha meM pUrva tIrthakaroM tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza parama vaijJAnika satya kI bhA~ti kArya-kAraNa, sat-asat Adi kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko anekAMta-dharma ke rUpa meM vivecita karatA hai| eka hI vastu meM "svabhAvI aura vaibhAvika" virodhI aneka dharma rahate haiM / kintu hama apanI iMdriyoM ke dvArA jisa samaya usameM zItalatA dekhate haiM, usa samaya uSNatA lakSita nahIM hotI aura jisa samaya uSNatA dikhAyI paDatI hai usa samaya zItalatA lakSita nahIM hotii| vAstava meM ye sabhI paryAyavAna avasthAeM haiN| inakA vistRta aura sakSma vizleSaNa vijJAna kI atyAdhunika paddhatiyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaba taka dravya kI ina sabhI avasthAoM aura sthitiyoM kA ThIka se adhyayana aura vizleSaNa na ho, taba taka jIva aura jIva kI saMyogI avasthA kA vAstavika jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| kintu eka bAra ThIka se samyak vizleSaNa aura adhyayana hone ke pazcAta jo vizvAsa hogA, vaha samyaka zraddhAna kahA jAyegA, jo dharma kI prathama bhUmikA hai| ataH eka dharma ko samajhane meM bhautika vijJAna bhI hamArI sahAyatA kara sakatA hai|
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________________ bhAratIya vAstu kalA ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yogadAna -pro0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI bhArata meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa kI jAnakArI ke lie prAcIna jaina mandiroM tathA mUrtiyoM kA jJAna bahuta jarUrI hai| jaina dharbha ke prasAra ke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM mandiroM tathA mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA jaataa| unake mAdhyama se jainadharbha ko janasAdhAraNa meM phailAne meM bar3I sahAyatA milii| bhAratIya lalita kalA ke itihAsa para bhI jaina smArakoM tathA kalAkRtiyoM se bar3A prakAza par3A hai| jainadharbha ke antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIrasvAmI the| unakI tathA unake pahale ke aneka tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi tathA kAryakSetra hone kA gaurava bihAra ke magadha pradeza ko prApta huaa| vaidika dharbha kI mAnyatAoM ke prati anAsthA kA bIjAropaNa bhArata meM mukhyataH magadha meM huaa| usa kSetra meM jaina, bauddha, AjIvika Adi aneka saMpradAyoM kA udaya tathA vikAsa huaa| pATaliputra, rAjagRha tathA usake Asa-pAsa kA bhUbhAga isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / dhIre-dhIre jaina tathA bauddha vicAradhArAoM ne susaMgaThita dharmoM kA rUpa prApta kara liyA aura unakA vyApaka prasAra magadha ke bAhara bhI huA / bhAratIya sthApatya kA aitihAsika vivecana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina devAlayoM kA nirmANa maurya zAsanakAla meM hone lagA thaa| bihAra meM gayA ke samIpa barAbara nAmaka parvata-guphAoM meM kaI zilAlekha mile haiN| unase jJAta huA hai ki maurya samrATa azoka ne AjIvika sampradAya ke sanyAsiyoM ke lie zailagRhoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| usake vaMzaja dazaratha nAmaka zAsaka ne bhI isa kArya ko Age bar3hAyA / AjIvika sampradAya ke prArambha kartA AcArya, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| barAbara pahAr3I se kucha dUra nAgArjunI nAmaka pahAr3I hai| vahAM bhI mauryakAla meM sAdhuoM ke nivAsa ke lie kaI zailagRha banAye gaye / bhAratIya sAhitya meM parNazAlAoM ke ullekha milate haiM / unhIM ke DhaMga para ina zaila gRhoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA / jaina sAdhuoM ke lie zailagRha banAne ke udAharaNa tamilanADu meM bhI kile haiN| IsavI pUrva dUsarI aura pahalI zatI meM ur3IsA tathA pazcimI bhArata meM parvatoM ko kATakara devAlaya banAne kI paramparA vikasita huI / ur3IsA meM bhuvanezvara ke samIpa kaI bar3I guphAeM patthara kI caTTAnoM ko kATakara banAI gii| yahAM khaNDagiri tathA udayagiri nAmaka jaina guphAeM bahuta prasiddha hai| tIsarI guphA kA nAma hAthIguMphA hai|
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________________ kha -4 [ 65 -usameM kaliMga ke jaina zAsaka khAravela kA eka zilAlekha khudA huA hai| lekha se jJAta huA hai ki IsavIpUrva cauthI zatI meM magadha ke rAjA mahApadmananda tIrthaMkara kI eka mUrti kaliMga se apanI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra uThA le gaye the| khAravela ne IsavI pUrva dUsarI zatI ke madhya meM usa pratimA ko magadha se apane rAjya meM lauTAkara punaH pratiSThApita kiyaa| isa zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa naMdarAja mahApadmananda ke pahale prArambha ho cukA thaa| jaina sAhityika anubhUti se bhI patA calatA hai ki candana kI tIrthakara mUrtiyAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se yA unake nirvANa ke pazcAt hI banane lagI thIM / uttara bhArata meM jaina kalA ke jitane prAcIna kendra the unameM mathurA kA sthAna mahatvapUrNa hai / mauryakAla se lekara AgAmI lagabhaga solaha zatAbdiyoM se Upara ke dIrghakAla meM mathurA meM jainadharma kA vikAsa hotA rhaa| vahAM ke cittIdAra lAla balue patthara kI banI huI kaI hajAra jaina kalAkRtiyAM aba mathurA aura usake AsapAsa ke jiloM se prApta ho cukI haiN| inameM tIrthakara pratimAoM ke atirikta caukora 'AyAgapaTa', vedikA stambha sUcI, toraNa tathA dvAra stambha Adi haiM / mathurA ke jaina AyAgapaTa ( pUjA ke zilAkhaNDa) vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / una para prAyaH bIca meM tIrthaMkara mUrti tathA usake cAroM ora vividha prakAra ke manohara alaMkaraNa milate haiN| svastika, nandayAvarta, dharmamAnakya, zrIvatsa, bhadrAsana, darpaNa, kalaza aura mIna yugala ina aSTamaMgala dravyoM kA AyAgapaTToM para sundaratA ke sAtha citraNa kiyA gayA hai| eka AyAgapaTTa para ATha dikkumAriyAM eka-dUsare kA hAtha pakar3e hue AkarSaka DhaMga se maNDala nRtya meM saMlagna dikhAI gaI haiN| maNDala yA 'cakravAla' abhinaya kA ullekha 'rAyapaseniyasUta' nAmaka jaina graMtha meM bhI milatA hai| eka dUsare AyAgapaTTa para toraNadvAra tathA vedikA kA atyanta sundara aMkana hai| vAstava meM ve AyAgapaTTa prAcIna jaina kalA ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiN| inameM se adhikAMza abhilikhita haiM, una para brAhmI lipi meM lagabhaga I0 pU0 eka sau se lekara IsavI prathama zatI ke madhya taka ke lekha haiM / pazcimI bhArata, madhya bhArata tathA dakSiNa meM parvatoM ko kATakara jaina devAlaya banAne kI paramparA dIrgha kAla taka milatI hai| vidizA ke samIpa udayagiri kI pahAr3I meM do jaina guphAeM haiN| saMkhyA eka kI guphA meM guptakAlIna jaina mandira ke avazeSa upalabdha haiN| udayagiri kI saMkhyA 20 bAlI guphA bhI jaina mandira hai usameM guptasamrATa kumAragupta prathama ke samaya meM nirmita kalApUrNa tIrthaMkara pratimA milI hai / gujarAta, mahArASTra tathA karnATaka meM parvatoM ko kATakara banAye gaye aneka mandira vidyamAna haiN| bAdAmI ke cAlukya rAjavaMza tathA mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa rAjavaMza ke zAsanakAla meM zilAoM ko kATakara mandira sthApatya banAne kI paramparA bahuta vikasita huI IsavI 550 aura 800 ke madhya meM karnATaka meM bAdAmI, paTTadakala tathA aihole meM aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| inameM se kaI mandira zilAoM ko kATakara banAye gye| zeSa samatala bhUmi para pattharoM dvArA banAye gaye bhAratIya sthApatya kalA ke vikAsa ke adhyayana hetu karnATaka ke ina mandiroM kA vizeSa mahatva hai / uttara bhArata meM 'nAgara zailI' ke mandira banAye jAte the, jinakA mukhya lakSaNa UMcA zikhara thA / cAlukyoM ke samaya meM karnATaka ke aneka mandira 'besara zailI' ke banAye gaye isa zailI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM uttara bhArata kI zikhara praNAlI tathA dakSiNa kI vimAna zailI kA sammizraNa hai / dakSiNa bhArata kA mandira vAstu 'dravir3a zailI' ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| cAlukyoM ke samaya meM karnATaka meM nirmita aneka mandiroM meM dravir3a sthApatya kA rUpa milatA hai| bAdAmI parvata ko kATakara banAyA gayA eka vizAla jauna mandira ullekhanIya hai / isa mandira meM vibhinna alaMkaraNoM ko tathA jaina devI devatAoM kI pratimAoM ko prabhAva
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________________ 66 ] pUrNa DhaMga se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| bAdAmI tathA paTTadakala ke aneka jaina mandira aThapahala zIrSa vAle haiM / dravir3a sthApatya kI yaha eka vizeSatA hai / karNATaka ke kucha mandiroM meM nAgara-zailI vAle ucca zikhara haiN| aihole meM eka mandira meM bhArata kI tInoM mandira zailiyoM kA samanvaya dRSTigocara hai| rASTrakUToM ke zAsanakAla meM ailorA kA prakhyAt zivamandira eka vizAla parvata ko kATakara banAyA gayA hai| isa mandira kA alaMkaraNa tathA mUrtividhAna atyanta kalApUrNa hai| isa mandira ke anukaraNa para ailorA meM kaI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| vahAM iMdrasabhA nAmaka jaina prAsAda vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai| nirmANa lagabhaga 800 IsavI meM huaa| caTTAna ko kATakara banAe gaye daravAje se isa prAsAda meM praveza karate haiN| prAsAda kA prAMgaNa 50 phuTa vargAkAra hai| prAMgaNa ke madhya meM ekAzma yA ikahare patthara kA banA huA dravir3a zailI kA mandira hai| pAsa meM UMcA 'dhvaja-stambha' hai / jaina mandira meM dhvaja-stambha banAne kI paramparA dIrghakAla taka milatI hai| uttara tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke mandiroM meM isa prakAra ke dhvaja-stambha darzanIya haiM / katipaya dhvaja-stambhoM ko cAMdI yA sone se mar3ha diyA jAtA thaa| jaina mandira sthApatya kA dUsarA rUpa 'bhUmija mandiroM' meM milatA hai| ina mandiroM kA nirmANa prAyaH samatala bhUmi para patthara aura IMToM dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| uttara pradeza, rAjasthAna, gujarAta, baMgAla aura madhya pradeza meM samatala bhUmi para banAye gaye jaina mandiroM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hai| kabhI-kabhI ye mandira jaina stUpoM ke sAtha banAye jAte the| jaina stUpoM ke sambandha meM pracura sAhityika tathA abhilekhIya pramANa upalabdha haiN| unase jJAta hotA hai ki aneka pracIna sthaloM para unakA nirmANa huaa| mathurA, kauzAmbI Adi kaI sthAnoM meM pracIna jaina stUpoM ke bhI avazeSa mile haiN| unase yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki ina stUpoM kA nirmANa IsavI pUrva dUsarI zatI se vyavasthita rUpa meM hone lagA thaa| prArambhika stUpa ardhavRttAkAra hote the| unake cAroM ora patthara kA bAr3A banAyA jAtA thaa| use 'vedikA' kahate the / vedikA ke stambhoM para AkarSaNa mudrAoM meM striyoM kI mUrtiyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se aMkita karanA prazasta mAnA jAtA thA / gupta-kAla se jaina stUpoM kA AkAra lambotarA hotA gayA / bauddha stUpoM kI taraha jaina stUpa bhI paravartIkAla meM adhika UMce AkAra ke banAye jAne lge| ___ madhyakAla maiM jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa vyApaka rUpa meM hone lgaa| bhArata ke sabhI bhAgoM meM vividha pratimAoM se alaMkRta jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa haa| isa kArya meM vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke atirikta vyApArI varga tathA janasAdhAraNa ne bhI prabhUta yoga diyaa| candeloM ke samaya meM khajurAho meM nirmita jaina mandira prasiddha haiN| ina mandiroM ke bahirbhAga eka viziSTa zailI meM ukere gaye haiN| mandiroM ke bAharI bhAgoM para samAntara alaMkaraNa paTTikAeM utkhacita haiN| unameM devI-devatAoM tathA mAnava aura prakRtijagata ko atyanta sajIvatA ke sAtha Alekhita kiyA gayA hai| khajurAhoM ke jaina mandiroM meM pArzvanAtha mandira atyadhika vizAla hai| usakI UMcAI 68 phuTa hai / mandira ke bhItara kA bhAga mahAmanDapa, antarAla tathA garbhagRha-ina tIna mukhya bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| unake cAroM ora pradakSiNA-mArga hai| isa mandira kI chata kA kaTAva vizeSa kalAtmaka hai aura khajurAhoM ke sthApatya vizeSajJoM kI dakSatA kA paricAyaka hai| mandira ke pravezadvAra para garuDa para dasabhujI jaina devI ArUr3ha haiM / garbhagRha kI dvArazAkhA para padmAsana tathA khaDgAsana meM tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM ukerI gayI haiM / khajurAhoM ke ina mandiroM meM vividha AkarSaka mudrAoM meM sura-sundariyoM yA apsarAoM kI bhI
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________________ [ 67 mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM devAMganAoM ke aMga pratyaMgoM ke cAru - vinyAsa tathA unakI bhAvabhaMgimAeM vizeSarUpa se darzanIya haiM / khajurAho kA dUsarA mukhya jaina mandira AdinAtha kA hai / isakA sthApatya pArzvanAtha mandira ke samAna hai / kha - 4 vidizA jile ke gyArasapura nAmaka sthAna meM mAlAdevI mandira hai / usake bahirbhAga kI sajjA tathA garbhagRha kI vizAla pratimAeM kalAtmaka abhiruci kI dyotaka haiN| madhya bhArata meM madhyakAla meM gvAliyara, devagar3ha, canderI, ajayagar3ha, ahAra Adi sthAnoM meM sthApatya tathA mUrtikalA kA pracura vikAsa huaa| rAjasthAna meM osiyA, rANakapura, sAdarI, AbU parvata Adi aneka sthAnoM meM jaina sthApatya ke aneka uttama udAharaNa vidyamAna haiN| unameM bhavyatA ke sAtha kalAtmaka abhiruci kA sAmaMjasya hai / AbU parvata ke jaina smArakoM meM saMgamarmara kA atyanta bArIka kaTAva dRSTavya hai / uttara madhyakAlIna bhAratIya sthApatya kA rocaka svarUpa yahAM dekhane ko milatA hai / gujarAta, karnATaka tathA AMdhra pradeza ke aneka bhAgoM meM madhyakAlIna jaina sthApatya kA vikAsa draSTavya hai / dakSiNa meM vijayanagara rAjya ke samaya taka sthApatya aura mUrtikalA kA vikAsa sAtha-sAtha hotA rahA / jaina sthApatya kalA kA prAcurya 'devAlaya - nagaroM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / aise sthaloM para saikar3oM mandira pAsa-pAsa bane hue haiM / giranAra, zatruMjaya, AbU, papaurA, ahAra, thUbona, kuNDalapura, sonAgiri Adi aneka sthaloM para jaina mandira nagara vidyamAna haiN| aise mandira-nagaroM ke lie parvata zrRMkhalAe vizeSa rUpa se cunI gayIM / Adhunika yuga meM jaina sthApatya kI paramparA jArI milatI hai| vAstu ke aneka prAcIna lakSaNoM ko Adhunika kalA meM bhI hama rUpAyita pAte haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti tathA lalitakalAoM ke itihAsa ke adhyayana meM jaina sthApatya kalA kA nissaMdeha mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / bhagavAna 25008 mahAvIra vAM Wan nirvANa parasparopagraho jIvAnAma mahotsava
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________________ AgalAgI javAvadhAna kI 'pUrNabhadra' zailI kA di. jaina maMdira (7vIM-8vIM zatI I0), devagar3ha
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________________ khaNDa-50 zAkAhAra
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________________ 1 zAkAhAra banAma mAMsAhAra 2 zAkAhAra-tantra 3 prAkRtika bhojana : zAkAhAra 4 vAstavika dayA aura ahiMsA hI zAkAhAra kA sahI AdhAra zAkAhArI siddhAnta ke vibhinna pakSa maiM zAkAhArI kyoM huA ? 7 mAMsAhAra : anivAryatA jaisI koI bAta nahIM 8 vaijJAnika dRSTi se hamArA AhAra mAMsAhAra tyAga kA sAmAjika mUlya 5 6 kyA kahA~ hai ? 11 12 10 mAMsAhAra kA duSpariNAma machalI va mAMsa meM viSa mAMsa bhakSaNa se haDDiyA~ kamajora hotI haiN| 13 aNDe kitane ghAtaka, kitane bhayAnaka 14 mAMsAhAra niSedhaka vizva-manISA 15 zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA itihAsa 16 pazcimI dezoM meM zAkAhAra pracAra karane vAlI pramukha saMsthAeM 17 saMsAra ke vibhinna dezoM meM zAkAhAra pracAra 18 tAlikAeM : 1 - zAkAhAra evaM mAMsAhAra ke pauSTika tatvoM kI tulanAtmaka tAlikA (a) zAkAhArI khAdya (ba) mAMsAhArI khAdya 2 - bhAratavAsiyoM ke lie vibhinna pauSTika tatvoM kI dainika AvazyakatA 3 - saMtulita bhojana ( a ) vayaska puruSa kA saMtulita bhojana ( ba ) vayaska strI kA saMtulita bhojana ( sa ) kizorAvasthA vAle lar3ake va lar3akiyoM kA saMtulita bhojana *** (da) baccoM ke lie saMtulita bhojana 4 - saMtulita bhojana, khAdya padArthoM kA prati sa saMvibhAga ... DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina DA0 indubhUSaNa jiMdala, ema. bI. bI. esa. zrI pratApa candra jaina kavirAja paM. ziva zarmA DA. je. ema. jassAvAlA mahAmahima dalAI lAmA zrI rAmezvaraH dayAla dube zrI javAhara lAla loDhA misa kaitharIna hilamaina DA. mohana borA DA. elegjeMDara hega jyophrI ela. rUDa | 1 T q 5 10 11 13 715 .18 21 .25 26 28 28 28 31 38 [ 36 40 47 46 50 51
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________________ zAkAhAra banAma mAMsAhAra mAMsAhAra tyAga ke vibhinna AdhAra mAMsAhAra ke liye manuSya ke pAsa koI AdhAra nahIM hai| mAMsAhAra eka alAbhakArI upakrama hai / aise nirAdhAra upakrama ke prati Akhira kisI kA Agraha kyoM ? -DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina saMsAra meM jitane bhI dehadhArI prANI haiM, manuSya hI nahIM pazu-pakSI, choTe-moTe jIva-jantu kIr3e-makor3e taka, sukha-zAMti cAhate haiM, duHkha se ghabarAte haiM, sabhI jInA cAhate haiM aura prANa rakSA yA jIvana saMrakSaNa ke lie prayatnazIla rahate haiM / isa prayatna meM ve AhAra, bhaya, meMthuna aura parigraha nAmaka cAra sahaja-saMjJAoM se satata prerita rahate haiM / inameM sarvaprathama evaM pradhAna saMjJA AhAra hai jo bhUkha aura pyAsa kI bAdhAoM ko dUra karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / prANI saba kucha sahana kara sakatA hai, bar3e se bar3A kaSTa, abhAva, saMkaTa aura Apatti - vipatti kA sAmanA kara sakatA hai, kintu bhUkhA aura pyAsA rahakara jIvita nahIM raha sakatA / bhUkhA aura pyAsA rahane kI sImAe~ aura kAlAvadhiyA~ vyakti-vyakti aura prANI prANI ke sAtha alpAdhika ho sakatI haiM aura ina bAdhAoM ko zAnta karane ke lie grahaNa kI gaI sAmagrI kI mAtrA, rUpa aura prakAra bhI bhinna-bhinna ho sakate haiM, parantu aisA koI prANI nahIM jo bhUkhA-pyAsA rahakara jIvita raha sake / ataeva upayukta bhojana aura jala jIvana evaM prANoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie anivArya haiM / jana sAmAnya kI to bAta hI kyA, aise gRha evaM Arambha-parigraha tyAgI tapasvI sAdhusaMnyAsI bhI, jinakA ekamAtra uddezya dharmasAdhana hai, zarIra kA saMrakSaNa karate hI haiM, kyoMki dharmasAdhana kA mUlAdhAra bhI to zarIra hI hai, aura zarIrako sakSama banAe rakhane ke lie upayukta AhAra kA grahaNa karanA atyanta Avazyaka 1 prazna yaha hotA hai ki manuSya kI usa prAkRtika kSudhA tRSA kI tuSTi aura usake zarIra kA Avazyaka saMrakSaNa-poSaNa kisa rUpa meM ho - usakA, khAna-pAna kyA aura kaisA ho ? isa sambandha meM prAkRtika cikitsAzAstrIya, Arthika, sAmAjika, dhArmika aura naitika, vividha dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / manuSya zarIra kI saMracanA, usake mu~ha, dAtoM, hAtha kI aMguliyoM evaM nakhoM aura pAcana tantra kI banAvaTa ke AdhAra para prasiddha zarIra racanA zAstrI evaM vaijJAnika manuSya ko tRNa-kuzAcArI pazuoM kI bhA~ti vanaspatyAhArI athavA zAkAhArI (phagIvorasa) prANiyoM meM parigaNita karate haiM, mAMsAhArI ( kArnIvorasa) prANiyoM meM nahIM / kiMgsaphorDa, pauzeTa, vaizna, kuviyara, linnayasa, lArensa, laMkAsTara prabhRti aneka pAzcAtya vizeSajJoM kA mata hai ki mAtra zAkAhAra hI manuSya kI prakRti aura usake zarIra taMtra kI bhItarI evaM bAharI saMracanA ke sarvathA anukUla hai / isake viparIta, mAMsAhAra manuSya prakRti ke pratikUla hai, usake dvArA kucha aMzoM meM vaha apanI zArIrika evaM mAnasika
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________________ zaktiyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM bhale hI samartha ho jAye, kintu mAMsAhAra usake zarIra, mana aura AtmA ke svAsthya ke lie hAniprada hI siddha hotA hai| DaoN0 alekjeMDara hega ke anusAra jabaki bher3iyA, cItA, siMha Adi mAMsAhArI pazuoM kA pAcanataMtra mAMsAhAra ko pacAkara viSAkta dravyoM ko zarIra se niSkAsita karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, manuSya kA pAcanataMtra vaisA nahIM karasakatA, na vaha usa prakAra mAMsa bhojana ko upayukta rasa-rakta Adi sapta-dhAtuoM meM bhalI prakAra parivartita kara sakatA hai| isake atirikta mAMsAhAra ke phalasvarUpa manuSya aneka AsAdhya rogoM kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| prathama to bhojya mAMsa prApti ke nimitya bUcar3akhAnoM meM jina pazuoM kA. vadha kiyA jAtA hai, unameM Adhe se adhika yakSmA Adi aneka rogoM se grasta hote haiM aura ukta mAMsa meM una rogoM ke jIvANu rahate haiM, jo manuSya zarIra ko bhI unase grasta kara dete haiN| yaha eka tathya hai ki bUcar3akhAnoM meM yadi aise rogI pazuoM ke 'vadha para roka lagA dI jAya to adhikAMza bUcar3akhAne banda hI karane par3a jaayeN| kasAIyoM kI dukAna para rakhA huA mAMsa bhI bahudhA dUSita aura vikRta ho jAtA hai, aura yaha bAta use dekhakara jAnI nahIM jA sktii| aneka cikitsA-zAstriyoM ke matAnusAra gaThiyA, kainsara, pakSAvAta, rAjayakSmA, mRgI, raktAmla, kuSTha, inaphlueMjA Adi kitane hI bhayaMkara rogoM kA kAraNa mAMsAhAra hai-kama se kama zAkAhAriyoM kI apekSA mAMsAhAriyoM ko ve zIghra hI pakar3ate haiM aura adhika satAte haiN| pratyUta isake, phalazAka Adi vanaspatyAhAra se ye roga zIghra hI dUra ho sakate haiN| bahadhA yaha kahA jAtA hai ki zAkAhAriyoM kI apekSA mAMsAhAriyoM meM zArIrika bala aura sAhasa adhika hotA hai, kiMtu jaisA ki pro0 lArensa kA kahanA hai, zAkAhAra sAtha zArIrika daurbalya evaM kAyaratA kA utanA hI kama sambandha hai, jitanA ki mAMsAhAra ke sAtha zArIrika ke bala aura sAhasa kA / vastuta: zAkAhArI kI apekSA mAMsAhArI meM sahana zakti, zaurya aura sAhasa kahIM adhika kama hotA hai| pazu jagata meM hAthI, dariyAI ghor3A, ghor3A, U~Ta, geMDA, vRSabha, mahiSa Adi zaktizAlI evaM dIrghajIvI pazu zuddha zAkAhArI hI hote haiM / Arthika dRSTi se mAMsAhAra kI apekSA zAkAhAra adhika sahaja sulabha, sastA evaM pracura hotA hai, aura vaha racanAtmaka utpAdana kA pariNAma hotA hai| manuSya jAti kA adhikAMza bhAga kRSi udyoga meM hI lagA hai| pratyeka varSa vibhinna RtuoM meM mA~ dharatI vividha anna, phala, zAka, sabjI Adi itanI pracura mAtrA meM pradAna karatI hai. aura kahIM adhika utpanna karane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai ki manuSya kI AvazyakatAoM kI nirbAdha pUti ho sakatI hai| isake atirikta dudhArU pazuoM ke saMrakSaNa se itanA adhika dugdha evaM dugdha se bane dahI, chAcha, navanIta, panIra, khoA, ghata Adi padArtha upalabdha hote haiM yA ho sakate haiM ki zuddha zAkAhAra yA phalAhAra: meM jina proTIna, vasA Adi anya poSaka tattvoM kI kamI rahatI hai unakI bhI sahaja pUrti ho jaaye| sAmAjika dRSTi se dekheM to yuddha, kalaha, raktapAta evaM bhISaNa aparAdha zAkAhAriyoM kI apekSA mAMsAhAriyoM meM adhika pAye jAte haiM / mAMsAhArI vyakti zIghra hI uttejita ho jAtA hai| jabaki zAkAhArI ausatana zAntipriya hotA hai| mAMsAhAra ke sAtha madyapAna prAya: avinAbhAvI rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai, aura madyamAMsa ke sevana karanevAloM kA viSaya sevana evaM aiyAzI kI ora adhika jhukAva dekhA jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa aneka laiMgika yA yauna aparAdhoM evaM rogoM kI vRddhi hotI hai / bahudhA mAMsAhAra ke lie hI nirIha pazuoM kA zikAra kiyA jAtA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa adayA evaM krUratA kI pravRtti ko to protsAhana milatA hI hai, aneka pazu-pakSI jAtiyAM sarvathA samApta hotI jA rahI haiN| ataeva sAmAjika sukha-zAnti evaM vyavasthA kI daSTi se bhI mAMsAhAra varjanIya hai|
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________________ dhArmika dRSTi se, saMsAra kA koI dharma yA dharmopadeSTA aisA nahIM huA, jisane prANiyoM kA vadha karake unakA mAMsa khAne kA khulA pracAra kiyA ho, varan prAyaH sabane hI jIva-dayA kA upadeza diyA aura mAMsAhAra pravRtti ko hatotsAhita kiyaa| prAcIna yUnAna meM mahAna dArzanika pAIthegorasa tathA tatkAlIna sToika sampradAya ke anuyAyI zuddha zAkAhArI the aura mAMsAhAra kA sarvathA niSedha karate the / yahI mahAvIra aura buddha kA yuga thaa| prAyaH usI kAla meM IrAna ke jarathuzta aura cIna ke kanaphyUzasa evaM lAotse ne jIvadayA kA pracAra kiyaa| IsAmasIha kI pAMcavIM AjJA thI ki kisI prANI kI hatyA na karo' 'IsAIyoM kI jinesisa meM bhI paramezvara kI ora se yaha kahA gayA hai ki 'kandamUla, bIja, phala, zAka Adi padArtha khAo, vahI tumhAre lie mAMsa kA kAma deNge|' hajarata muhammada ne bhI jIvadayA kA upadeza diyaa| unake pavitra makkA sthita kAbe ke cAroM ora kaI mIla kI paridhi meM kisI bhI pazu-pakSI kI hatyA nahIM kI jAtI aura hajakAla meM pratyeka hAjI madyamAMsa kA sarvathA tyAgI rahatA hai| mugala samrATa akabara ne svayaM to mAMsAhAra kA tyAga kara hI diyA thA, apane dIne-ilAhI meM bhI mAMsAhAra ko hatotsAhita kiyaa| gurU nAnaka ke anuyAyI sikkha prAyaH mAMsabhojI haiM, kintu guru mahArAja ne gurugrantha-sAhiba meM sthAna-sthAna para usakA niSedha kiyA aura eka sthala para to likhA hai ki 'jo vyakti mAMsa, machalI aura zarAba sevana kA karate haiM, unake dharma, karma, japa, tapa saba kucha naSTa ho jAte haiN|" prAcIna vaidikadharma meM yAjJika hiMsA calatI thI aura vaidika Arya unmukta mAMsabhojI the, aisA kahA jAtA hai| kiMtu usI paramparA kI AtmaviAdyavAdI upaniSadoM, vyAsakRta mahAbhArata aura manusmRti meM mAMsAhAra kI niMdA evaM niSedha kiyA gayA hai| Age cala kara zrIzaiva, vaiSNava, liMgAyata ityAdi aneka sampradAyoM meM bhI zuddha zAkAhAra kA pracalana huA / vartamAna hindU samudAya meM jo vyakti dharma, samAja, jAti yA prathA kI Ar3a lekara madya mAMsa kA sevana karate bhI haiM ve bhI prAyaH gupacupa hI karate haiM. khule Ama usakA anumodana karane meM ve bhI bahudhA saMkoca karate haiN| mahAtmA buddha to dayAmUrti the, unhoMne to ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra kA hI upadeza diyA thaa| kiMtu, unake anuyAyiyoM ne unake katipaya saMdigdha kathanoM kI apane manonukUla vyAkhyA karake mAMsAhAra kA pracalana kara liyA, yahA~ taka ki usa mahApuruSa para bhI mAMsAhAra kA mithyA Aropa lagA ddaalaa| jainadharma eka aisA dharma hai jo apane itihAsa ke prArambha se hI ahiMsA prAdhAna hai / usakA sampUrNa AcAravicAra ahiMsA kI dhurI para hI ghUmatA hai| jainI hone kI pahalI zarta yaha hai ki mAMsa aura madya kA sarvathA tyAgI ho| isa viSaya meM kisI apavAda kI isa paramparA meM koI gaMjAiza hI nahIM hai / dharma kA lakSaNa hI vastu-svabhAva hai, arthAt AtmA kA svabhAva hI usakA dharma hai aura vaha hai ahiMsA-sarvaprakAra kI hiMsA se virati / usa ahiMsaka AtmasvabhAva ke sAdhana kA mArga saMyama hai, jo prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyama ke rUpa meM dvividha hai| apanI mAnasika, vAcanika evaM kAyika sabhI pravRttiyoM para, indriyoM para aura icchAoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA tathA saMyamita-niyamita jIvana vyatIta karanA saMyama hai| aura pratyeka prANI ke prati isa prakAra yatnAcArapUrvaka bartanA ki use kisI prakAra kA mAnasika athavA zArIrika kaSTa yA pIr3A na ho, prANIsaMyama hai| ataeva sarvaprakAra kA abhakSya-bhakSaNa vajita hai / abhakSyoM meM sabhI anupasevya (mala, mUtra, miTTI Adi), aniSTa (viSa evaM viSAkta tathA apanI prakRti ke pratikUla padArtha), vasaghAta (trasajIvoM kI hatyA se prApta rakta-mAMsa, machalI, aNDe Adi) tathA bahughAta (aisI vanaspati bhI jinameM bahuta se sUkSma jIvoM kA ghAta ho) kA sevana niSiddha hai / sAmAnyatayA tAmasika evaM rAjasika padArthoM kA bhI niSedha hai / zuddha, svaccha, svAsthyakara, sAtvika anna, phala , zAka, meve, dugdha evaM zuddha nirmala jala ke sevana kA hI vidhAna hai / aise uttama bhAjana-pAna se hI zarIra kA svAsthya, citta kI prasannatA, buddhi kI nirmalatA evaM atmika jAgarUkatA sadhate haiN| "jIvo jIvasya bhojanama" kI dalIla dene vAloM ko tIrthaMkaroM kA uttara hai| 'parasparopagRhojIvAnAm' /
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________________ bhautikatA aura mAnavIyatA kI dRSTi se bhI jIbadavA evaM mUka pazupakSiyoM ke prati karuNA bhAva ko sabhI cintaka evaM vicAraka stutya ghoSita karate haiN| jainoM kA to yaha dharma hI hai, jo unake vicAra evaM AcAra meM pratyakSa hotA hai-yadi kahIM aisA nahIM hotA to vaha jaina kahalAne kA adhikArI nahIM hai| jainoM ke atirikta, bhAratavarSa meM tathA yUropa, amarIkA Adi aneka pazcimI dezoM meM bhI kaI sazakta saMgaThana jIvadayA, pazuvarga va rugNoM ke prati karuNA pUrNa bartAva aura zAkAhAra kA vidhivata-vyavasthita pracAra karate haiN| 1957 meM bhArata meM eka vizva-zAkAhAra samme-- lana huA thA jisake adhivezana bambaI, dillI, vArANasI, paTanA Adi kaI nagaroM meM hue the| janavarI 1964 meM zAkAhAra evaM jIvadayA sambandhI bhAratIya saMgaThanoM ne milakara bambaI meM prathama rASTrIya zAkAhAra sammelana saMyojita kiyA thaa| gata 16 agasta 1975 ko uttarI amarIkA ke orono pradeza ke muna vizvavidyAlaya meM 23 vAM vizvazAkAhAra sammelana haA thA, jisameM vibhinna dezoM ke zAkAhArI saMgaThanoM ke lagabhaga 1500 pratinidhiyoM ne bhAga liyA thaa| uttarI amarIkA meM isa prakAra kA yaha prathama sammelana thA, jo paryApta saphala rahA / vaijJAnika prayogoM ke nimitta pazu-pakSI Adi kI cIra-phAr3a karane ke viruddha bhI pazcimI dezoM meM joradAra Andolana cala rahA hai| lI aura guDamena nAma ke usa Andolana ke do netAoM ko to pazuoM kI ukta sthUla evaM irAdatana kI jAne vAlI nirdayatApUrNa hiMsA se rakSA karane ke aparAdha ke lie iMglaiMDa meM abhI hAla meM tIna-tIna varSa kI sakhta kaida kI sajA dI gaI hai, kintu janamata unake pakSa meM tejI se bar3ha rahA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki dina-pratidina zAkAhAra ke pakSa meM vizva-mAnava kI ruci aura mata vRddhigata hotA jA rahA hai| eka Adhunika jarmana mahilA ne 1933 meM sva0 campatarAya jI bairiSTara kI preraNA se mAMsAhAra kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| usake lagabhaga bIsa varSa pazcAt usane apane anubhava ke AdhAra para likhA thA ki yadi koI vyati kevala eka varSa ke lie hI saba prakAra ke mAMsa, machalI, aNDe Adi ke bhakSaNa kA tyAga kara de aura usake phalasvarUpa apane svabhAva, bhAvanAoM, svAsthya, bauddhika tIkSNatA tathA zuddhi-svacchatA ke sAmAnya bhAva meM kitanA antara par3a gayA hai, yaha dekhe to phira vaha kabhI mAMsAhAra kA nAma bhI na legaa|
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________________ * zAkAhAra tantra -DA0 indu bhUSaNa jindala, ___DI0 pI0 eca0, ema0 esa0 sI0, rAjya poSaNa adhikArI, u0 pra0 bhojana saba jIvita prANiyoM ke lie Avazyaka hai aura isako prApta karane ke lie hareka prANI bharasaka prayatna karatA hai| per3a paudhe apanA bhojana mAmUlI rAsAyanika tattvoM se prApta kara lete haiM, jo ki unheM jamIna pAnI aura vAyu maNDala kI kArbana DAI AksAiDa se prApta ho jAtA hai| mAnava aura pazuoM meM yaha kSamatA nahIM hotI ki vaha sAdhAraNa rasAyanika tattvo se bhojana prApta karaleM, isIlie unako per3a paudhoM yA anya pazuoM se bhojana prApta karanA hotA hai| mAnava zarIra ke nirmANa ke lie nimnalikhita pauSTika tattva Avazyaka haiM1. proTIna 2. kArboja 3. vasA 4. jIvana tattva (viTAmina) 5. khanijalavaNa 6. jala bhojana ke zarIra meM tIna mukhya kArya haiM(1) zarIra kI bar3hotarI aura TUTa phUTa kI marammata-yaha proTIna yukta bhojano ke dvArA pUrNa hotA hai| (2) zarIra ko UrjA pradAna karanA-yaha kArboja aura vasA yukta bhojanoM ke dvArA pUrNa hotA hai| (3) zarIra kI bImAriyoM se rakSA karanA--yaha khanija lavaNa aura proTIna yukta bhojana dvArA pUrNa hotA hai| yaha saba pauSTika tattva hamako zAkAhArI bhojana se prApta ho jAte haiN| proTIna yukta bhojana ke zAkAhArI srota-vibhinna prakAra kI dAleM-ur3ada, mUMga, arahara, masUra, lobhiyA, lajamA, canA, moTha aura soyAbIna-yaha pramukha haiM, kyoki isameM proTIna kI mAtrA bahuta adhika hai / dUdha aura dUdha se bane padArthoM se bhI thor3I.mAtrA meM acche prakAra kA proTIna prApta hotA hai / mUMgaphalI aura tila bhI proTIna kA acchA srota haiN| kArboja yukta bhojana ke zAkAhArI srota-vividha prakAra ke anAja-gehUM, jau, bAjarA, makkA aura cAvala ityAdi / isake atirikta AlU, baMDA, aravI, zakarakaMdI, sUrana se bhI kArboja prApta hotA hai| cInI aura gur3a to zata pratizata kArboja haiN| vasAyukta bhojana-makkhana, dezI ghI, vanaspati ghI, tila kA tela, mUMgaphalI kA tela, kar3avAtela (sarasoM) kA kusumbha kA tela, nAriyala kA tela, binaule kA tela, soyAbIna kA tela ityAdi /
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________________ 6] viTAmina aura khanija lavaNa yukta bhojana hare patte vAle sAga - udAharaNataH pAlaka, methI, bathuA, caulAI, harA dhaniyA, podInA, mUlI ke patte, sahajana / mausama ke phala - amarUda, TamATara, gAjara, AvalA, nIbU, Ama, saMtarA, kharabUjA, khIrA / dUdha aura dUdha se bane padArtha- dahI, maTThA, panIra, khoyA ityAdi / anya sAga - laukI, turaI, bhinDI, karelA, kaTTu, TinDA, baiMgana / zAkAhArI bhojana se zarIra kI sArI AvazyakatAe~ pUrNa ho jAtI haiM / pazu jagata se prApta bhojana kI tarapha daur3ane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / saMkSipta meM zAkAhArI bhojanoM kI vizeSatA kI jAnakArI Avazyaka hai / gehUM paMjAba aura pacchima uttara pradeza meM gehUM adhika khAyA aMza hai aura 71 % kArboja / kucha mAtrA meM khanija lavaNa jaise pradAna karatA hai / jAtA hai| gehUM meM karIba 11% proTIna kA cUnA aura lohA bhI hotA hai| gehUM mukhyataH UrjA cAvala cAvala saMsAra ke bahuta se bhAgo meM khAyA jAtA hai| bhojana hai| cAvala se adhika mAtrA meM kArboja prApta hotA hai, bhI pAyA jAtA hai / yaha acchI kisma kA proTIna hotA hai| cAvala meM viTAmina bI (thAimIna) bhI hotA hai jo bhAratavarSa meM bhI kucha prAntoM meM cAvala hI mukhya jo ki karIba 78% hotA hai aura 70% proTIna jyAdA daphe na dhoe~, kyoMki bI pAnI meM ki usakI UparI parata meM pAyA jAtA hai| jaba cAvala banAe~ to usako gha. lanazIla hai aura dhone se nikala jAtA hai| jaba cAvala banAe to usakA mAMDa na pheMkeM, balki use cAvala meM hI sukhA le| agara use nikAleM to alaga se istemAla karaleM / viTAmina bI, zarIra ke snAyu saMsthAna ke lie Avazyaka hai| cAvala agara hAtha kA kuTA istemAla kiyA jAe to bI adhika mAtrA meM prApta hotA hai| pauSTika dRSTikoNa se sehalA cAvala bhI acchA hai / cAvala mukhyataH UrjA pradAna karatA hai / dAleM zAkAhArI bhojana meM dAloM kA bar3A mahatva hai kyoMki inase acchI mAtrA meM proTIna prApta hotA hai| 20 se 30% taka proTIna dAloM se milatA hai| dAloM ko garIba AdamI ke lie mAMsa kI upAdhi dI gaI hai 0 kyoMki dAloM kA mUlya mAMsa se kama hai aura dAleM proTIna kI kamI pUrI karatI haiN| isake atirikta khanija lavaNa, cUnA aura lohA bhI dAloM se prApta hotA hai| dAloM meM pramukha sthAna soyAbIna kA hai jisameM proTIna kA aMza 430/0 hai, vasA 1650 /deg khanija lavaNa 1 4.6 / soyAbIna ko bhAr3a meM bhunavAne ke bAda usako pisavAkara ATA banavA leM aura besana yA gehUM ke ATe meM AvazyakatA aura svAda ke anusAra milAkara roTI ke rUpa meM istemAla kara sakate haiN| isake alAvA pakaur3I, chole, kar3hI, dorAI ityAdi bhI banA sakate haiM /
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________________ canA bhI dAlo me bahuta uttama hai| isake lie kahA gayA hai ki khAe canA, rahe banA / cane meM 17deg/ proTIna hai, 60% kArboja, lohA aura cUnA bhI prApta hotA hai / cane meM eka guNa aura hai ki vaha rakta meM kolesTraula kA aMza kama karatA hai / kolesTrola rakta meM adhika hone se hRdaya roga kI saMbhAvanA adhika rahatI hai| mAnava dUdha bacce ke lie 6 mAha kI umra taka paryApta rahatA hai, usake bAda kucha aura bhojana bacce ko denA caahie| gAya ke dUdha se saba pauSTika tattva prApta ho jAte haiM, kevala viTAmina 'sI' aura lohA nahIM prApta hotA / proTIna karIba 30/ acchI kisma kA milatA hai, vasA 40, cUnA, phAsaphorasa aura viTAmina 'e' aura 'DI' milate haiN| dUdha se bane padArtha-dahI, khoA, panIra aura maTThA bhI pauSTika hote haiN| Ala Ajakala AlU kA bar3A jora hai / AlU se 22% kArboja prApta hotA hai, kucha mAtrA meM viTAmina 'sI' bhI prApta hotA hai / agara kisI samaya anAja kI kamI ho to kevala AlU para hI nirvAha ho sakatA hai / akAla kI sthiti meM Ala anAja kA kAma karatA hai| AlU ko kaI prakAra se banA sakate haiM isalie isako khAne se kabhI tabiyata nahIM UbatI / cInI aura gur3a cInI to zata pratizata kArboja hai aura UrjA pradAna karatI hai / gur3a meM 65% kArboja hai aura kucha mAtrA meM lohA bhI milatA hai jo ki zarIra meM khUna banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| cInI kA jyAdA istemAla dA~to ke lie nukasAnadeha hai| dezI ghI aura anya tela ghI ke dvArA vasA meM gha lanazIla viTAmina prApta hote haiM jaise 'e' aura 'ddii'| zarIra kI vasA kI dainika AvazyakatA 50 grAma hai| isameM se 1/3 teloM se prApta honA cAhie jaise maMgaphalI kA tela, tillI kA tela, saraso kA tela ityAdi / cikanAI kA bhojana meM bar3A mahattva hai| isake kAraNa bhojana meM svAda AtA hai| parantu sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI dhyAna rakhA jAe ki ghI yA tela ko AvazyakatAnusAra mAtrA meM hI kar3hAI meM DAle, DhDhela utarI huI cikanAI istemAla karane se usake pauSTika tattva naSTa ho jAte haiN| vasA do prakAra ke haiM, eka jo ki sAdhAraNa tApakrama para Thosa rahate haiM vaha saMtRpta kahalAte haiM, jaise dezI ghI, vanaspati ghI aura nAriyala kA tela / dUsare jo ki sAdhAraNa tApakrama para tarala rahate haiM, vaha asaMtRpta kahalAte haiM jaise tillI kA tela, maMgaphalI kA tela, sarasoM kA tela, binaule kA tela, kusumbha kA tela ityaadi| saMtRpta vasA adhika khAne se hRdaya roga kI saMbhAvanA adhika rahatI hai, isalie adhika ghI nahI khAnA caahie| asaMtRpta vasA adhika istemAla kare, usase Avazyaka vasA amla bhI prApta hote haiM jo ki tvacA ke svAsthya ke lie Avazyaka haiN|
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________________ mUMgaphalI mUMgaphalI garIba AdamI kA bAdAma kahA gayA hai| isase 25deg/ proTIna aura 400]. vasA prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta khanija lavaNa aura viTAmina 'bI' bhI prApta hotA hai| muMgaphalI ko thor3A bhUnane se pauSTika tattva naSTa nahIM hote| hare patte vAle sAga tathA anya sAga hare patte vAle sAgoM se viTAmina 'e' acchI mAtrA meM milatA hai jo ki hamArI AMkho ke svAsthya ke lie jarUrI hai / viTAmina 'e' kI kamI se rataudhI hotI hai / khAsataura se gahare hare raMga ke patte vAle sAgoM se aura pIle sAga va phaloM se viTAmina 'e' keroTIna ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai jaise pattAgobhI, pAlaka, bathuA, kaddU, gAjara, papItA, Ama, saMtarA, khrbuujaa| hare sAgoM se biTAmina 'bI' aura 'sI' bhI milate haiN| khanija lavaNa bhI prApta hote haiN| hare sAgoM kA mUlya bhI adhika nahIM denA par3atA / kucha na mile to mUlI ke patte hI istemAla kie jA sakate haiN| pattoM se reze vAle padArtha bhI milate haiM, jinapara pAcana kriyA ke raso kA koI asara nahIM hotA / reze vAle padArtha AMto kI kriyA meM madada karate haiM aura malAvarodha rokate haiN| hare sAgoM se lohe kI kAphI mAtrA milatI hai jo ki khUna banAne meM madada karatA hai / mIThe phaloM se kArboja aura reze vAle padArtha milate haiN| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki aMgUra seba yA anAra hI istemAla kie jaaeN| mausama ke saste phala istemAla kie jA sakate haiM jaise amarUda, gAjara, kelA, TamATara, AMvalA, nIMbU ityAdi / khaTTe phalo se viTAmina 'sI' aura reze vAle padArtha milate haiN| AMvale meM viTAmina 'sI' kI mAtrA adhika hai| zAkAhArI bhojanoM ko agara nimnalikhita bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara istemAla kiyA jAe to adhika pauSTika tattva prApta hote haiN| anAja mile jule khAe, jau-gehUM, gehUM-canA, makkA-gehUM isase pauSTikatA bar3ha jAtI hai| dAleM bhI milI julI khaae| dAloM ko agara aMkurita karaleM to usameM viTAmina 'bI' aura 'sI' kA aMza bar3ha jAtA hai / canA, mUMga aura moTha to akasara aMkurita karake hI khAe jAte haiN| dAla kI agara pichI banA lI jAe to usameM se reze vAle padArtha haTa jAte haiM aura pAcana kriyA ke rasa AsAnI se kArya karate haiN| piTThI se bar3e, kacaur3I ityAdi banAe jA sakate haiM / yaha AsAnI se paca jAte haiN| dAla ko pIsa kara rakha de aura khamIra karale jaise dakSiNa bhArata meM iDalI aura dosai banAte haiN| khamIra se viTAmina 'bI' kA aMza bar3ha jAtA hai| dAla yA cholA pakAte samaya khAne ke soDe kA istemAla na kare, usase viTAmina 'bI' naSTa ho jAtA hai| dUdha ko Dhaka kara ubAleM, khulA ubAlane se viTAmine 'e' naSTa ho jAtA haiN| dUdha ko mukhya bhojana ke sAtha hI leM isase saba pauSTika tattva ikaTThe milate haiM aura jyAdA lAbhadAyaka rahatA hai| dUdha ko khAne ke sAtha nahIM le sakate haiM to dahI yA maTThA khAne ke sAtha leM leN|
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________________ [ 6 sabjiyoM ko kATane se pahale dho leM, bAda me dhone se pAnI meM ghulanazIla viTAmina nikala jAte haiM / sabjI ke bar3e Tukar3e kATeM / sabjiyo ko adhika cikanAI DAla kara dera taka na bhUne, isase pauSTika tattva naSTa ho jAte haiM / pattAgobhI ke bAharI hare patte na pheke vaha jyAdA pauSTika 1 AlU ko sukhI Aga meM bhUne aura chilake sahita khAe / pAnI me ubAlane se kucha AlU phUTa jAte haiM aura pAnI meM ghulanazIla viTAmina nikala jAte haiM / Ajakala videzo meM bhI zAkAhAra kA pracAra ho rahA hai / briTena meM eka vejiTeriyana sosAiTI hai / vaha loga to dUdha kA bhI istemAla nahIM karate / kahate hai ki yaha pazu jagata se prApta hotA hai / vaha loga eka akhabAra vejiTeriyana-nyUja nikAlate haiM / 'hare rAma hare kRSNa' kalTa jo svAmI prabhupAdajI ne calAyA hai, jisake anuyAyI amerikA meM haiM aura anya dezo meM bhI haiM, yaha saba zAkAhArI haiM / abhI inakI eka TolI lakhanaU AI thI, unhone apanA kIrtana ravIndrAlaya meM kiyA aura unake bAre meM jAnakara prasannatA huI ki vaha brahma mahUrta meM uThate haiM, zAkAhArI bhojana khAte haiM, koI nazIlI vastu kA sevana nahIM karate, yahA~ taka kI cAya bhI nahIM pIte / apane bhAratavarSa kI bAteM jaba pacchima sabhyatA ke loga sIkha rahe haiM to hama loga apanI sabhyatA ko kyoM bhUle rahe haiM ? mA~sAhAra, madirA yA nazIlI vastuoM kI ora kyoM jA rahe haiM ? adhikatara buddhimAna aura tapasvI loga zAkAhArI hI the / mA~sAhArI vyakti tapasvI nahIM ho sakate / aMta prazna uThatA hai ki kyA mA~sAhAra jarUrI hai ? mA~sAhArI bhojana se acchI kisma kA proTIna jarUra milatA hai| magara mile-jule zAkAhArI bhojana se yaha kamI pUrNa ho jAtI hai aura acchA proTIna mila jAtA hai / jo mAMsa khA rahe haiM vaha khAe~, unakI pravRtti aura parasthitiyAM hI aisI haiM / agara Arthika dRSTi koNa se dekhA jAe to bhI mAMsAhArI bhojana kA mUlya adhika denA par3atA hai / zAkAhArI dUdha kA istemAla bar3hAte haiN| zAkAhArI bhojano meM eka dUsare kI kamI pUrI karane kI kSamatA hai yAnI eka bhojana dUsare bhojana kA pUraka hai / udAharaNataH anAjo kI proTIna meM vAisIna emenoamla kI kamI hotI hai, use dAle pUrA kara detI haiN| dAloM ke proTIna meM mithyonIna emInI amla kI kamI hotI hai yaha hare patte vAle sAgoM se pUrI ho jAtI hai / zAkAhArI kA bhojana milA-julA hotA hai| grAmINa dAla meM sAga DAlakara banAtA hai| makkA kI roTI yA missI roTI banAtA hai aura sAtha meM maTThA rahatA hai aura eka gur3a kI DalI / usameM sAre pauSTika tattva A gae / kauna majabUta hai hAthI aura gaiMDA jo ki zAkAhArI haiM yA zera aura cItA jo ki mA~sAhArI haiM ? majabUta to dono haiM magara eka aMhisAvAdI hai dUsarA hiMsaka /
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________________ prAkatika bhojana : zAkAhAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne trasta mAnava ko vANa dene ke lie puruSArtha aura samAja-vyavasthA kA mahAmantra diyaa| unhoMne kahA-"hAthoM kA upayoga kevala khAne ke lie mata karo, utpAdana aura urpAjana ke lie bhI karo / " taba manuSya ke mana meM zrama ke prati ucca bhAvanA jgii| vaha khetI karake paidA karane lagA va zrama ke dvArA upArjana karane lgaa| isa prakAra upabhoktA aura utpAdana meM santulana kAyama huaa| zAnti sthApita huI, sabhI kA jIvana AnandapUrvaka vyatIta hone lgaa| karmayuga meM bhI jaba manuSya kI lAlasA bar3hI taba vaha usakI pUrti ke lie eka-dUsare para dabAva DAlane lagA aura paraspara jhagar3ane lgaa| vaha pASANa aura kASTha ke hathiyAra banAkara unakA AkrAmaka aura rakSAtmaka donoM prakAra se upayoga karane lgaa| nizAnA ThIka baiThe aura prahAra khAlI na jAya isake lie usane pazu-pakSiyoM para abhyAsa karanA zurU kara diyA tathA krUra banakara unakA bhakSaNa bhI karane lgaa| isa prakAra zuruAta huI mAMsa-bhakSaNa kii| manuSya svArtha meM yahAM taka nirdayI ho gayA ki jina pazuoM se vaha karmayuga meM sevA lene lagA thA, unhIM ko vaha mArane, satAne aura AdhA peTa khAne ko dene lgaa| taba ve bhakSya-abhakSya jo kucha milatA use khAne lge| gau ko mAtA kahane vAle aura usakI rakSA kA zora macAne vAle usakA dUdha nicor3a kara use lAvArisa banAkara chor3a dete haiM aura vaha gande cithar3e, viSThA khAte aura gandI nAliyoM kA pAnI pIte dekhI jAtI haiN| tabhI to Aja se pAMca hajAra varSa pUrva karmayogI zrIkRSNa ne gopAlana aura gausevA kA vyApaka Andolana cher3A thaa| ve svayaM gvAlA bane / kitane haiM Aja kRSNa aura mahAvIra ke bhakta jo gaU ko pAlate-posate haiM ? unakA kAma to kevala usakA dUdha pI lenA hai| aise loga bhI gohatyA aura bUcar3akhAnoM ke lie kama doSI nahIM haiN| viSadhara sarpa miTTI, pavana aura dUdha para apanA nirvAha kara letA hai| dIvAna amaracanda jI ke hAthoM bhUkhA zera jalebI khA gayA / nArAyaNI (rAjasthAna) meM jaba guru govinda siMha padhAre taba santa dAdU ke DAle juAra-bAjarA ke dAne unake bAja ne bar3e cAva se peTa bhara khaaye| yadi ye jIva prakRti svabhAva se mAMsa-bhakSI hote to jalebI aura juAra kaise khA lete ? barnArDa zA ne eka zAhI bhoja meM mAMsa khAne ko peTa meM jAnavaroM kA kabristAna banAnA kahA thaa| ajarabejAna (rUsa) ke 168 varSIya zirAlI misAlinova ne zAkAhAra aura madirA grahaNa na karane ko apane dIrgha aura custa jIvana kA rahasya batalAyA / / jaina manISiyoM ne Aja se sadiyoM pUrva AhAra ke sambandha meM jo prAkRtika khoja kI, vaha Aja kI vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI aura kharI utarI hai / kona sI cIja khAnI cAhie, kauna sI cIja nahIM aura kyoM ? evaM unake guNa aura doSa vistAra se batalAye haiN| kauna sI cIja kitane samaya taka khAne yogya rahatI hai aura kisameM kisakA mizraNa karane se viSa bana jAtA hai ? Adi sUkSma bAtoM taka kA unhoMne vizada varNana kiyA hai / isake phalasvarUpa vizva kA vivekazIla tabakA mAMsAhAra tyAgakara zAkAhAra kI ora A rahA hai| ___ manuSya ne hI pazu-pakSI ko mAMsa Adi gande padArtha khAne ke lie majabUra kiyaa| manuSya dvArA unakA zikAra kiye jAne ke phalasvarUpa hI ve jina dAMtoM aura paMjoM ko hamalA hone para apanA bacAva karane ke kAma meM lAte the unase ve khuda hamalA karane lage aura dAMtoM meM khUna kA svAda lagane se mAMsa-bhakSI ho gaye / yadi ve svabhAva se hiMsaka hote to billI aura zeranI apane zAvakoM ko jaba unhIM dAMtoM se dabAkara uThA letI haiM aura unhIM paMjoM se pUcakAratI aura thapathapAtI hai taba ve dA~ta itanA bojha uThAne para bhI kyoM nahIM gar3a jAte tathA unake khUkhvAra paMje kyoM nahIM unakA aniSTa kara dete ? manuSya meM svArtha buddhi, parigrahaprema aura apane jIvana ke lie dUsaroM ke jIvana kA khAtmA kara DAlanA Adi kucha aisI kutsita aura dUSita manovRttiyAM ghara kara gaIM ki usane mAMsa bhakSaNa kI zuruAta kI ora nirIha pazuoM ko bhI aisA karane ke lie vivaza kiyA / jabaki vAstava meM zAkAhAra hI prANI kA prAkRtika aura svAbhAvika bhojana thA aura hai| -pratApacanda jaina, prAgarA
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________________ vAstavika dayA aura ahiMsA hI zAkAhAra kA sahI AdhAra -kavirAja paM0 ziva zarmA, AyurvedAcArya, bambaI nirmamatA ke viparIta bayAlatA, gandagI ke viparIta svacchatA, kurUpatA ke. virodha meM saundarya, kaThoratA ke viparIta saMvedanazIlatA, kaSTa dene ke viparIta kSamA, jIne kA tarka evaM mAnasika zAMti ko protsAhita karatA hai| zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA sahI AdhAra yahI hai / pratyeka zAkAhArI guNa, dayA aura ahiMsA kA sarvotkRSTa Adarza nahIM hotaa| zAkAhAriyoM meM bhI hRdayahIna, cora-bAjAriye, byAja para RNa dene vAle, kara curAne vAle aura hatyA-DakaitI aura balAtkAra ke aparAdhI hote haiM, para itihAsa aisI kisI ghaTanA ko udghATita nahIM karatA jahA~ zAkAhArI samudAya amAnavIya hatyAkANDa, sAmUhika katla aura balAtkAra meM saMlagna rahe hoN| zAkAhArI pathyoM ke prabhAvoM kA tabhI adhyayana kiyA jAnA cAhie jabaki do alaga samudAya anurUpa prabhAvoM aura dIrghakAlIna pRSThabhUmi se saMbaMdhita hoN| ___yaha vizvAsa karanA bhArI bhUla hogI ki vanaspatiyoM kA bhojana hI zAkAhArI jIvana paddhati kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| bhAratIya jIvana-vijJAna-Ayurveda meM mAnasI-dehi manuSya jAti kI daihika-mAnasika gatividhi ke AkAroM para unake prabhAva ko daSTigata rakhate hae vanaspati-khAdya ko alaga-alaga vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| adhika mirca-masAle, tIkhe aura tale hue bhojana kA nirantara upayoga mastiSka ko zreSTha aura ucca bhAvanAoM aura gatividhika sAMcoM se vikasita jar3atA kI ora le jAtA hai| yahAM taka ki bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke pazuoM kA dUdha-pathya bhI zarIra aura mastiSka ko alaga-alaga prabhAvita karatA hai| isa prakAra gAya kA dUdha uttama jJAna vikasita karatA hai| jabaki bhaiMsa kA dUdha kevala baliSTha zarIra hI banAtA hai| zarIra aura mastiSka ke vikAsa ke lie sarvAdhika vAMchita lakSaNa banAne vAle pathya kA guNa batAne ke lie Ayurveda 'sAtvika' zabda kA upayoga karatA hai| tAmasika bhojana Alasya, mUr3hatA aura jar3atA detA hai, rAjasI kevala zakti aura tejI jo ki sAtvika ke sAtha jur3akara vAMchita aura tAmasika ke sAtha jur3akara mastiSka aura zarIra ko avAMchita lakSaNa detA hai| manuSya kA mastiSka paripakva ho rahA hai para dhIre-dhIre zAkAhAra kA siddhAMta bahudhA vivAda kA viSaya bana jAtA hai kyoMki anurAgI zAkAhArI, zAkAhArI siddhAnta ke abhyAsa ke Arthika aura zArIrika pakSoM para adhika bala dete haiN| isa taraha ke tarka vanaspatiyoM-phaloM kI tulanA meM mAMsa-pathya meM adhika pracuratA se upalabdha kSAra-amloM aura poSakatatvoM kI ora unmukha karate haiN| kucha vizeSajJoM ne zarIrika zakti ke rUpa meM kSAra amloM ko anucita mahattA de dI hai jo unheM spaSTa lagegI jinhoMne hAthI ko per3a ukhAr3ate yA bhImakAya manuSya ko ghar3iyAla kI thUthana cIrate dekha
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________________ 12 ] liyA hai / yadi hama ina pazuoM aura manuSya jAti meM parivartanazIla cayApacayazIla bheda upasthita kareM, hameM mAnavIya parivartanazIlatA meM sAmaMjasya kI sAmarthya svIkAranI par3atI hai| kaI AjIvana mAMsAhArI durbalatA aura udadAra-pIr3A ke lakSaNoM ko anubhava karate haiM magara eka nizcita saMgharSa ke pazcAt cayApacaya kI prakriyA antatogatvA naI pathya-vidhi se sAmaMjasya sthApita kara letI hai| dUdha aura dUdha-padArthoM se yukta ucita rUpa se santulita pathya praphullita zArIrika svAsthya, lacIlepana, sajagatA aura dIrghAyu kA hI nahIM, vyakti ke mastiSka kI paripakvatA kA bhI nirvAha karatA hai| zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA Arthika pakSa sahajatA se samajha liyA jAegA, jaba yaha svIkAra kiyA jAe ki ki mAMsAhAriyoM ko mAMsa dete rahane ke uddezya se poSita pazuoM ke lie dhAna upajAne kI Avazyaka jamIna utanI hI saMkhyA ke manuSyoM ke lie dhAna upajAne ke Avazyaka kSetraphala kI tulanA meM kaI gunA bar3I hotI hai| 'rikavarI Apha kalcara' ke lekhaka aura eksaTeMsana sarvisa emeriTasa vizvavidyAlaya, hempazAyara, ke nirdezaka henarI bele sTIvensana ke anusAra mAMsa bhakSaNa kI durAcArI Adata niHsandeha rUpa se jar3a-yuga kI avazeSa hai jo sAre AcAra aura sauMdaryaparaka prAmANikoM kA hI ullaMghana nahIM karatI, varan jitanI ki manuSya ke lie sIdhe rUpa meM phasala paidA kareM usase chaha gunA adhika jamIna isake lie Avazyaka hogii| zAkAhArI siddhAnta ko zarIra vistAra aura Arthika AdhAra para lenA zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA sahI darzana nahIM hai| hAlAMki phira bhI jo zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA samarthana hI karatA hai, jo ki prAyaH amaitrIpUrNa vivAda aura anirNIta vimarza kA viSaya bana jAtA hai / naitika, AcArika aura AdhyAtmika vyavahAra ke AdhAra para hI zAkAhArI jIvana ke abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA ko bala diyA jAnA cAhie / nirmamatA ke viparIta dayAlutA, gaMdagI ke viparIta svacchatA, kurUpatA ke virodha meM saundarya, kaThoratA ke viparIta saMvedanazIlatA, daNDa dene ke viparIta kSamA jIne kA tarka aura zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA AdhAra nirmita karatI hai| yahIM mAnasika aura zArIrika kauzala aura mAnasika zAMti ko protsAhita karatA hai / zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA sahI AdhAra hai apane 'sva' kI apekSA dUsare 'para' vicAra-asahAyoM meM dukha aura bhaya kA kAraNa banane meM aruci-dUsare ko mArane kI asvIkRti tAki koI apane Apa jI sakeM, saMkSepa meM gaharAI aura vAstavikatA taka dayA aura ahiMsA / -
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________________ zAkAhArI siddhAnta ke vibhinna pakSa - DA0 je0 ema0 jassAvAlA, bambaI sAmAnya naitika kAraNoM se mAMsAhAra jIvana ke vinAza kA sUcaka hai, jisameM naitikatA ke viparIta koI bhI gaMbhIratama duSkarma kiyA jA sakatA hai / AcArika pakSa - pUrva meM zAkAhArI siddhAnta AcArika AdhAroM para mAnya huA thA, zAkAhArI siddhAnta AcArika dRSTi ke atirikta bhI kucha hai, yaha eka jaivI vidhi hai / yaha mahatvapUrNa satyoM meM se dharma kI taraha hI ho jAtI hai / sampUrNa jIvana kA eka hI udgama hai / yaha vidhi isa mAnyatA kI svIkRti hai / mAMsa aisA uttejaka hai jo dhUmra aura madyapAna kI lalaka paidA karatA hai aura isase jIvana naSTa hotA hai / sAmAnya naitika kAraNoM se bhI mAMsAhAra jIvana ke vinAza kA sUcaka hai jisase naitikatA ke viparIta koI bhI gambhIratama duSkarma kara sakatA hai jabaki pazu kA jIvana bhI usI taraha divya hai jaise sampUrNa jIvana divya hai / mAMsa dekhane aura sUMghane meM bhI apriya hai / yadi eka ora hamAre sAmane phaloM aura sabjiyoM kA kaTorA ho aura dUsarI ora kacce mAMsa ke Tukar3e hoM to hamAre dekhane kA bhAva, sparza karane kA bhAva, sUMghane kA bhAva avilamba pahale kA hI cayana karegA, kyoMki saundaryaparaka dRSTi se yahI sarvAdhika santoSaprada hotA hai / mRta aura chinna mAMsa ke AhAra para rahane kA vicAra saundarya kI ruci para AghAta karatA hai| mAMsa aura aNDe rasoIghara meM le jAye jAne se pUrva kaI dinoM yahAM taka ki mahInoM rephrijeTara meM rakhe jAte haiM, hare aura nIle dikhane vAloM kI sandehAtmaka gandhoM ke kAraNa jinakI rasAyanoM aura dravyoM se cikitsA kara lI jAtI hai| yahAM taka ki aprAkRtika vidhi se carbI banAne kI vidhi jisase vajana aura lAbhaprada bAjAra kImata bar3hAne meM jAnavaroM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai, isase unake katala ke bAda mAMsa ke utpAdanoM para bhI ghAtaka prabhAva hote haiM / yaha to acchI taraha se jJAtavya tathya hai ki sarvAdhika udAharaNoM meM manuSya prANI para mAMsa kA Adhikya vyavasthita viSa aura prArambhika bImAriyoM kA paryAvavAcI hI hai / binA kisI prazna ke lAbhaprada hote hue bhI isa aprAkRta aura kyoM kareM ? manuSya ke lie bhojana meM badala jAne se hama tuccha vyavahAra Aropita kareM hI kyoM ? hatyA aura mAMsAhAra kI vidhi mahaja gaMvArapana hai / amAnavIya kArya se hama zreSTha pariNAmoM kI pratyAzA kucha hI pUrva sUaroM murgiyoM aura dUsare prANiyoM para mAnavavAdI pakSa-tAlastAya ne bar3I sAdagI se kahA hai, 'zAkAhArI payya mAnavatAvAda kA tIkhA parIkSaNa hai' / yaha sabhI zAkAhAriyoM para lAgU nahIM hotA, kyoMki pichalI kaI zatAbdiyoM meM zAkAhArI siddhAnta bhArata meM naitika, dhArmika athavA mAnavatAvAdI upAsanA kI apekSA paramparAgata rIti aura Adata ho gaI hai /
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________________ 14 ] kha - 5 koI vyakti, jo zAkAhArI hai, Avazyaka nahIM hai ki vaha zreSTha vyakti ho / vaha nirdayI bhI ho sakatA hai| aura yahAM taka ki pazuoM ke prati hone vAlI nirmamatAoM aura pIr3AoM se udAsIna hotA huA hRdayahIna bhI ho sakatA hai, parantu zAkAhArI siddhAnta apane vyApaka pakSoM meM jIvana kI zreSTha paddhati hai| pazuoM ko mRtyu aura khatare kA pUrvAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| kasAIpara meM le jAe jAne hetu unheM bahuta hI jaMgalIpana se pITA jAtA hai aura lahU kI durgandha meM ve AtaMkita aura bhayabhIta ho jAte haiM / maThoM meM nirIha prANI maThoMTha diyA jAtA hai athavA hoza kI avasthA meM usakA galA kATa diyA jAtA hai taba rakta pravAha hotA hai, khAla zUlatI hai, antar3iyAM bAhara nikAlI jAtI haiM, aura cIra-phAr3a kI jAtI hai| yaha sArI prakriyA taba kI jAtI hai jaba ki pazu garma rahatA hai / koI bhI dayA aura bhAvanA kA vyakti isa prakAra kI nirmama hatyA aura kaSTadAyaka cIkhoM ko zAyada hI sahana kare / dhArmika pakSa - hama pavitra AlekhoM meM pAte haiM -- Thahariye, maiMne Apako hara prakAra kA bhojana dene vAlA bIja diyA hai aura pratyeka vRkSa jisameM phala haiM Apake lie mAMsa kI taraha hI hogaa| jorAsTara aura buddha kA anuyAyI bhojana ke rUpa meM mAMsa zAyada hI le ske| isI taraha eka karmayogI yA prabuddha AtmA kabhI mAMsa ko nahIM legii| eka prabuddha aura sabhya vyakti kA zAkAhArI siddhAnta ko jIvana ke dharma ke rUpa meM svIkAra lenA parama kartavya hai jisase AcArika aura dhArmika vizvAsa prApta kie jA sakate haiN| isalie zAkAhArI siddhAnta mAtra dhArmika kriyA nahIM hai, mAtra eka Adata nahIM hai, varan jIvana kI eka vidhi hai / Arthika pakSa kyA saMsAra AbAdI se bhara nahIM jAyagA ? vicArie, manuSya apanA vyavasAya bar3hAne, svArthI uddezya kI pUrti karane ke lie 'pazu mAMsa' kA poSaNa karatA hai / kisI ko yaha tathya nahIM bhulAnA cAhie ki mAMsa ke lie vizeSa rUpa se poSaka pazu ko apane bhojana ke lie manuSya kI apekSA adhika jamIna kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai / thor3e se pazu bar3hAne meM jamIna kA bahuta bar3A hissA kAma AtA hai aura jamIna khAlI ho jAtI hai / jitanI ekar3a jamIna pazuoM ko bar3hAne ke lie carAgAha ke kAma meM lI jAtI hai, usa mAMsa se bahuta thor3e se vyaktiyoM ko hI khilAyA jA sakatA hai, yadi dhAna, dAnA, phala, sabjiyAM ugAI jA~ya usase aneka parivAroM ko hI tRpta nahIM kiyA jAyagA, varana usI samaya, ucca guNAtmakatA aura poSaNa kA bhojana bhI paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai| naitika pakSa naitika kSetra meM Ane para hameM lagatA hai ki mAMsAhAra dhUmrapAna, madyapAna aura anya bAdhaka AdatoM kI ora le jAtA hai| vyakti jo bhojana letA hai, usakA eka nizcita prabhAva hotA hai-- kevala zArIrika dRSTi se hI nahIM manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI rAjasI bhojana vyakti ko lobhI, vyAkula aura vinAzakArI banAtA hai jabaki sAtvika bhojana racanAtmakatA aura dhyAnAvasthA detA hai /
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________________ maiM zAkAhArI kyoM huA ? -mahAmahima dalAIlAmA "Apa dUsaroM ko nukasAna na pahu~cAeM, yadi Apa nahIM cAhate ki dUsare prANI duHkhoM se pIr3ita hote haiM / manuSya jitanA apane nikaTa aura priyajanoM aura apanI sampatti se sambaddha rahatA hai, utanA hI adhika vaha svayaM se bhI jur3A rahatA hai / apane Ananda aura sukha ke pUjA-sthaloM kI bAhya khataroM se rakSA karane, unakA pratikAra karane kI usameM svAbhAvika vRtti hotI hai| ThIka isI prakAra kA cAritrika guNa pazu sAmrAjya meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai / jabaki chalI Adhunika saMsAra kA bahuta bar3A bhAga gUMge prANiyoM ke saMsAra kI rakSA ko aruci kA karma hI mAnatA hai| ucca koTi ke prANiyoM ko hI nahIM tuccha se tuccha prANiyoM ko bhI anubhUti hotI hai, isalie ve bhI duHkhoM se chuTakArA cAhate haiM aura sukha va Ananda kI khoja karate haiM / ina prANiyoM ko jIvita rahane ke prAkRtika adhikAra se vaMcita karanA nItizAstra ke mUlyoM kA atikramaNa karanA hai / buddha kI zikSA pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa se manuSya se lekara choTe se choTe jIvita prANI kA jIvana lene kA niSedha karatI hai| "pavitAtmA dvArA ghoSita pahalA niSedha" kisI kA jIvana na lene kI hI zikSA hai| jaisA ki maiMne kahA, zAkAhArI hone kA merA nirNaya nitAnta vaiyaktika kAraNoM se prabhAvita thaa| isakA saMbaMdha na nizcita zAkAhArI siddhAnta se hai aura na isalie ki vizeSa manuSya samAja aisA karatA hai, isase maiMne koI pratispardhA kI hai| jIvana sabhI ko priya hai jinake kAraNa mere bhojana kI Adata meM parivartana AyA, una sahAyaka tathyoM meM Azcaryajanaka yA darzanIya kucha bhI nahIM thA / ghaTanAe~ avazya mahatvapUrNa thIM jinakA saMyogavaza mujhe darzaka honA pdd'aa| 1965 ke bhArata-pAka yuddha ke samaya maiMne basanta Rtu kA adhikAMza bhAga bhArata ke dakSiNI rAjyoM kI yAtrA meM bitaayaa| moTara se zaharI kasbaI kSetroM kI yAtrA ke bIca bhAgate hue murgoM, billiyoM aura kuttoM ko dekhanA sAmAnya bAta thii| itanI zakti bhara bhAgate hue jaise ki ve mRtyu ke bhaya se zaMkita hoN| ise koI nahIM nakAregA ki mRtyu eka pIr3A hai| ina dRzyoM se utpanna bhAvanA eka prakAra se dayA aura mAnasika yAtanA kI hotI thii| aura phira kerala meM apane par3Ava ke samaya saMyoga se mujhe kisI ke bhojana ke ziSTAcAra ke lie murge kI hatyA hote bhI dekhanA pdd'aa|
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________________ 16 ] nirdoSa murge dvArA adbhUta bhayaMkara bhaya, pIr3A aura atyAcAra ko mahasUsa karanA bhI bhayaMkara rUpa meM kaThina thaa| jIvana sabhI ko priya hotA hai| usa garIba aura asahAya pakSI ne kaisA bhaya aura saMtApa sahA, jaba usakA jIvana naSTa kiyA jA rahA thaa| maiM yaha soca kara hI kA~pa jAtA huuN| usI kSaNa maiMne kisI kA jIvana na lene kI naitika mahattA kI saMpUrNa kSamatA ko kaThora vAstavikatA aura sarvAMgINa gambhIratA ke sAtha mahasUsa kiyA / maiM mAra diye gaye murge ke prati karuNA aura dayA se vyAkula thA--dUsarI bAta jisake kAraNa maiM mAMsa ke bhojana se dUra huA, isa tathya kI jAnakArI se ki jahAM-jahAM bhI hama jAte haiM, usa sthAna vizeSa ke mejavAna vizeSa rUpa se mere dala ke sadasyoM ke bhojana ke lie hI murgoM aura bher3oM kA badha karate haiM / niHsandeha yaha mere santoSa ke lie zubhecchA se hI kiyA jAtA thA, magara mai murgA khAnA sahana nahIM kara sakA, jise vizeSa rUpa se mere hI lie vadha kiyA gayA thaa| inhIM saba kAraNoM ne mujhe sabhI prakAra kA mAMsa niSedhaka vanaspati-khAdya ko apane bhojana kA ekamAtra athavA mukhya bhAga banAne kA nizcaya karane ko nirdezita kiyA / manuSya binA mAMsa ke jIvita raha sakatA hai / manuSya binA mAMsa ke jIvita raha sakatA hai| vijJAna aura yAMtrikI ke vikAsa se manuSya kI sukha-suvidhAoM meM aneka staroM para vRddhi huI hai| manuSya pratibhA aura vivekapUrNatA kI usa sImA taka pahu~ca gayA hai ki vaha vAstava meM apanI AvazyakatAoM kI tuSTi ke lie hara vastu kA utpAdana karane meM sakSama hai| maiM mAnavIya bhojana ke lie pazuoM kA vadha kie jAne kA koI tarka nahIM dekha pAtA, isalie ki anekoM prakAra ke vikalpa upalabdha haiN| isa para bhI manuSya binA mAMsa ke jIvita raha sakatA hai / kucha hI mAMsAhArI pazu haiM jo kevala mAMsa para hI jIvita rahate haiN| Amoda-pramoda aura sAhasa ke lie pazuoM ko mArane kA vicAra hI arucikara aura kaSTakara hai| isa prakAra ke krUra kArya vyApAroM meM laganA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hotaa| yaha viveka aura bauddhika tarIke se socane kI kSamatA, jisase hara vyakti sampanna hotA hai, kI avamAnanA hai| sAdhAraNataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki tibbata ke loga mAMsAhArI hote haiM / ve apane ghoSita dharmoM kI aicchika pratikUlatA ke bajAya AvazyakatAvaza hI haiM / tibbata kI bhaugolika jalavAyavika paristhitiyA~ isa prakAra kI haiM ki bahuta baDe bhAga meM vanaspati kI phasala vikasita kara pAnA saMbhava hI nahIM hotaa| vanaspati kA spaSTa abhAva hI yahA~ ke logoM ko mAMsa aura tatsaMbaMdhI vastuoM kI adhikAdhika khapata karane kI ora jhukAtA hai / tibbata ke teja havAoM vAleM vistRta uttarI paThAra meM to vanaspati eka virala ziSTAcAra hai| phira bhI tibbata ke loga vaisAkhI pUrNimA ke pUre mAha aura pratyeka tibbatI mAha ke 5veM, 15veM dina mAMsa nahIM chUte haiN| bhAratavarSa kI sthitiyAM nitAnta bhinna haiM / vanaspati phasaloM kI pracuratA ke kAraNa logoM ke lie mAMsa-bhojana kA niSedha sambhava hotA hai| prakRti hI prANiyoM kI AjIvikA kA ekamAtra sAdhana hai, magara unakI saMrakSaka nahIM- isa saMdarbha meM ki prakRti bAharI AkramaNa aura khatare se hI unakI rakSA kara sakatI hai / manuSya zreSTha prANI hai, kyoMki vaha viveka aura tarka kI kSamatA se sampanna hotA hai| isalie merA vizvAsa hai ki mAnavIya prANI hI ve pratinidhi haiM jo jinakA
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________________ [ 17 maryAdita kartavya na hote hue bhI, pazuoM kI rakSA karane meM sakSama haiM / pazuoM ko vadha kie jAne kI banisbata rakSA, dekhabhAla aura pyAra kiyA jAnA caahiye| sUkha rahe tAlAba se machalI ko bacA lene jaise choTe-choTe dayA kAryoM para hamArA kucha kharca nahIM hotaa| hamArI vizeSa suvidhAyeM sampUrNa jagata bauddha sabhyatA ke anusAra saMsAra kaI khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai, jisakA eka khaNDa pazu AkAroM se nirmita hai| ajJAna, gUMgepana aura vicAra zakti ke abhAva meM pazuoM ke duHkha bane rahate haiM jabaki manuSya aisA nahIM haiN| manuSya kA janma lene kI isa vizeSa suvidhA kA hameM uttama upayoga karanA cAhie / jIvita prANI mAtra ke lie dayA aura pyAra jagAkara saMsAra-sAgara se prANimAtra ko mukta rakhane kI bhAvanA ke sAtha hameM buddha-sthiti ko prApta karanA hai / sabhI tathyoM se adhika mujhe pratidAna ke tatva ne prabhAvita kiyA / jaisA Apa boyeMge, vaisA hI phala paayeNge| pratyeka prakAra ke kArya kA pariNAma bhI tadrUpa hotA hai| agara koI dUsare ko nukasAna yA AghAta pahuMcAtA hai to usako bhI vahI anta sahanA hotA hai-yaha karma aura phala ke sambandha kA sArvalaukika niyama hai / bhagavAna buddha ne sabhI cetana prANiyoM ke lie nirdezita kiyA hai ki pyAra aura dayA kI bhAvanA hI zAntipUrNa saMsAra ke nirmANa ke lie adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / manuSya mAtra ke kArya-vyApAroM para vizeSa mahatva diyA hai jo hamAre gUMge pazu mitroM kI vAstavikatA se sambandhita haiM / laMkAvatArasUtra meM kahA gayA hai / ki sabhI prANI-ve manuSya ho, pazu hoM, bandhu-bAMdhuvoM kI bhAMti aura sanAtana karmavidhi ke prabhAva meM AMtarika rUpa se jur3e haiN| jaise eka vyakti apane saMbaMdhI kA mAMsa nahIM khAegA, usI taraha mAMsAhAra se bhI paraheja kiyA jAnA cAhiye / sabhI pazuoM ke sAtha bhAI-bahanoM jaisA vyavahAra karanA hai / sabhI sAdhu-sanyAsiyoM ne mAMsAhAra ko pUrNa guNAtmakatA kI dayA aura pyAra upajAne meM bAdhaka mAnate hue mAMsAhAra se paraheja kiyA hai| isI prakAra mAMsa-bhojana tAMtrika-zakti kI siddhi prApta karane meM bhI bAdhaka hai| hamAre pazu-mitra dekhabhAla aura pyAra ke lie haiN| ve hamAre athavA hamArI AjIvikA ke lie hI jIvita nahIM rahate varana isa saMsAra ke saundarya aura sUkha meM viziSTa jaivI vidhi se apanI bhUmikA kA nirvAha karate haiN|
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________________ mAMsAhAra : anivAryatA jaisI koI bAta nahIM -zrI rAmezvara dayAla dube sambhava hai, kamI yaha tarka sahI rahA ho ki kisI kSetra vizeSa ke loga prakRti dvArA mAMsAhAra ke lie vivaza haiN| Aja kI vikAsazIla sthiti meM jabaki yAtAyAta ke sAdhana hara eka cIja salama banA sakate haiM va vaijJAnika pragati ke bala para kisI kSetra meM na ugane vAlI cIja bhI upajAI jA sakatI haiM, taba isa tarka ko pare rakhakara manuSya barbaratA tyAge, yahI apekSA hai| prANimAtra ko bhojana kI apekSA rahatI hai| choTe se choTe kIr3e-makor3e se lekara bar3e se bar3e jIvadhArI ko, yahAM taka ki sabhI prakAra kI vanaspati taka ko apane jIvana kI rakSA ke lie, apanI vRddhi ke lie bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / jIvana kriyA meM nirantara zakti kA hrAsa hotA hai| zarIra kI isa zakti kSaya kI pUrti ke liye bhojana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / sampUrNa jIvadhAriyoM ke bala tathA oja kA mUlAdhAra bhojana huA karatA hai / yadi prANI ko bhojana prApta na ho, to usakI jIvana-kriyA hI zIghra samApta ho jAve, ataH prANimAna ke liye bhojana kA vizeSa mahatva hai| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra bhojana kI AvazyakatA ke tIna pradhAna kAraNa haiM (1) zarIra nirmANa tathA tantu-kSaya kI pUrti (2) jIvanoSmA aura jIvana-kriyA kA AdhAra (3) svAsthya kI rakSA aura rogoM ko dUra akhane kI zakti kA saMcayana zarIra sambandhI inhIM AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye prANI saMsAra meM upalabdha sAmagrI meM se apane bhojana ko prApta karatA hai / deza-kAla ke anusAra jaba jise jo vastu bhojana ke rUpa meM AsAnI se prApta ho jAtI hai, usakA bhojana ho jAtA hai / isakA pramANa hameM itihAsa aura bhUgola ke granthoM se mila jAtA hai| deza aura kAla kA prabhAva bhojana para par3atA hai|
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________________ kha-5 [ 19 bhojana kA eka tatva usakA svAda bhI hai| jIbha rasa grahaNa karatI hai aura vaha svAda ko cakhatI hai / jIbha yaha bhI nirNaya karatI hai ki kauna vastu khAne ke yogya hai aura kauna nahIM, kintu jisa prakAra manuSya apanI sabhI indriyoM kA durupayoga karane lagA, usane jIbha kI svAda lene kI pravRtti ko bahuta mahatva de diyA, phala yaha huA ki Aja zarIra ke liye upayogI na hone vAlA bhojana bhI mAtra svAda ke kAraNa khAyA jAtA hai| ahiMsA para vizeSa zraddhA rakhane vAle bhI jIbha ke svAda ke liye mAMsAhAra ke liye mArga nikAla lete haiM / ___ 'mAMsAhAra adhika balavarddhaka hai' isase bhrAMtipUrNa aura koI dhAraNA nhiiN| karnala karkabrAiDa ne apanI prasiddha pustaka 'hamArA bhojana aura vizvazAMti' meM aise aneka udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha dhAraNA nitAnta nirAdhAra hai ki mAMsa khAne se prANI balavAna banatA hai / karnala ne aneka pazuoM ko pAlakara unheM zAkAhArI aura mAMsAhArI banAkara taraha-taraha ke prayoga kiye haiN| anta meM ve isI niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki zAkAhArI mAMsAhArI se kamajora nahIM hotA hai / isI sambandha meM kisI prasiddha mAsika patrikA meM eka saMsmaraNa par3hane ko milA thA jo isa prakAra thA pezavA ke zAsana kAla meM mahArASTra meM bahuta se pahalavAna taiyAra kiye jAte the| ye pahalavAna dUsare prAnta ke pahalavAnoM ko pachAr3a dete the, kintu jaba koI paMjAbI pahalavAna AtA thA to ve usase hAra jAte the| yaha bAta mahArASTra ke pahalavAnoM ke bahuta khaTakatI thii| ataH unameM se eka pahalavAna paMjAba gayA aura unake adhika tAkatavara hone kA patA lagAyA / usane dekhA, yahAM ke pahalavAna adhikatara mAMsAhArI hote haiN| isIliye ve adhika tAkatavara hote haiN| sAtha hI usane yaha bhI samajha liyA ki ve jaldI thaka jAte haiN| patA lagAkara vaha mahArASTra lauTa AyA / bAda meM jaba koI pahalavAna AtA, usake sAtha ve pahale jora nahIM lagAte / paMjAbI pahalavAnoM kI pahalI dhasAna teja hotI thI, phira thaka jAte the, ataH apanI tarakIba se mahArASTra ke pahalavAna pahale unheM thakA lete the, bAda meM unako pachAr3a dete the / ataH paMjAbI pahalavAna hArane lge| phira to pAMca sAla bAda paMjAbI pahalavAnoM ne mahArASTra meM Ane kA nAma chor3a diyA, aura koI paMjAbI pahalavAna mahArASTra meM nahIM aayaa| uparokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha dhAraNA galata hI hai ki mAMsAhAra se bala meM vRddhi hotI hai / prayoga se yaha bhI siddha ho cukA hai ki mAMsAhAra se manuSya kI tAmasI vRtti bar3hatI hai| yaha pratyakSa anubhava kI bAta hai ki jo mAMsa-bhojana nahIM karate unameM sAtvikatA adhika dikhAI detI hai| karnala karkabrAiDa ne apanI prayogazAlA meM aneka prayoga kiye haiM / unhoMne apanI pustaka meM likhA hai 'aneka prayogoM ke pazcAt maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki bhojana kA prANI jIvana meM nirNAyaka mahatva hai| bhojana hamAre mana evaM pravRtiyoM kA nirmAtA hai| maiMne dekhA hai ki jina jAnavaroM kA bhojana mAMsa rahatA haiM, ve prAyaH hiMsaka aura tAmasI prakRti ke hote haiN| jIvana ke komala udArabhAva unameM nahIM panapate / binA bhUkha, binA jarUrata ke bhI ve hiMsA karate haiN| dUsaroM ko hAni pahu~cAte haiM / isake viparIta zAkAhArI pazu-pakSI svabhAva se hI jIvana ke kalyANakara pakSa kI tarapha pravRtta pAye jAte haiM / kSamA, sahiSNutA, karuNA, paradukhakAtaratA Adi guNa unameM anAyAsa hI vikasita hote rahate haiN|
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________________ 20 ] kha-5 jo bAta pazu-pakSiyoM ke sambandha meM Upara kahI gaI hai, vahI bAta manuSyoM ke bAre meM bhI satya hai| mAMsAhArI vyakti prAyaH tAmasI vRtti ke pAye jAte haiN| isa dRSTi se bhI mAMsAhAra tyAjya hI samajhanA caahiye| kisI bhI dRSTi se mAMsAhAra kA pakSa sabala nahIM ThaharatA hai, phira bhI aneka dezoM meM mAMsAhAra pracalita hai aura kucha deza to sarvathA AmiSabhojI hI haiM / jo deza pUrNataH mAMsAhAra para nirbhara haiM, unakI bhaugolika paristhitiyoM ne vahAM ke logoM ko mAMsAhAra karane para vivaza kara diyA hai, phira bhI aise dezoM meM aise loga pAye jAte haiM jo pUrNarUpa se zAkAhArI haiM aura zAkAhAra para vizvAsa rakhate haiN| kahate haiM ki hiTalara pakkA zAkAhArI thA / videzoM meM bhI aise vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA kAphI hai, jo zAkAhAra ke pakSapAtI haiM / khalIla jibrAna ne eka bAra kahA thA-he Izvara, kharagoza ko peTa meM bhejane ke pahale khuda mujhe hI zera ke peTa meM bheja de| bhArata zasya-zyAmalAbhUmi hai| vividha prakAra ke annoM kI yahAM kamI nahIM hai| kanda-mUla phala-phUla bhI yahA~ paryApta mAtrA meM prApta hote haiM / dUdha-dahI kI bhI kamI nahIM / ina sabhI padArthoM kA utpAdana yahAM bar3hAyA bhI jA sakatA hai| bhArata kI bhaugolika paristhitiyAM bhI mAMsAhAra karane ke liye vivaza nahIM krtii| taba koI kAraNa nahIM ki hamArI pravRtti mAMsAhAra kI ho / aura anyatra bhI bhaugolika bAdhAeM zeSa nahIM rhiiN| yAtAyAta vikAsa se aba kisI sthAna para bhI sabhI cIja sulabha kI jA sakatI haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti sAtvika saMskAra prApta karane kI ora prerita karatI hai| hamArA prayAsa dAnava nahIM, deva banane kA honA cAhiye isalie tAmasI bhojana mAMsa tyAjya rahanA hI cAhiye / hai
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________________ vaijJAnika dRSTi se hamArA AhAra jaina-zAstroM ne bhakSya AhAra aura abhakSya AhAra para evaM Age bar3hakara usakI zuddhi - azuddhi para jitanA vicAra-vimarza kiyA hai, utanA anya kisI dharmazAstra athavA dharmanAyakoM ne nahIM kiyA hai, yaha nirvivAda hakIkata hai kyoMki jaina dharma meM AhAra zuddhi para aneka granthoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA / yahAM taka ki isake lie 'piNDaniryukti' 'piNDavizuddhi' jaise zAstra prantha race gaye haiM / piNDa kA artha yahAM AhAra samajhanA hai / - zrI javAhara lAla loDhA yadyapi AhAra-zuddhi ke sambandha meM vicAra mukhyataH jainazramaNa-sAdhuoM ko uddezya meM rakhakara kiyA hai, phira bhI upalakSa se jo bAta zramaNoM-sAdhuoM ko sparza karatI hai, vahI bAta kama aMzoM meM hI sahI, gRhasthavarga ko bhI sparza karatI hai / zuddha anna kA bhojana zarIra ko niroga rakhatA hai / nirogI zarIra mana ko niroga rakhane meM prabala sahAyaka hotA hai / aMgrejI meM kahAvata bhI hai 'svastha zarIra meM svastha mana rahatA hai / ' ina sArI bAtoM kA niSkarSa hai ki AhAra kA mana aura AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hone se mAnava zarIra meM AhAra kA bahuta mahatva hai / AhAra meM mAMsAhAra to manuSya ke lie nirvivAda rUpa se abhakSya hai / kheda hai ki Arya-bhUmi bhArata meM bhI mAMsAhAra kA pracAra bar3ha rahA hai| mAMsAhAra ko banda karane tathA mAMsAhAra ko rokane ke lie upadeza evaM pracAra, ina donoM sAdhanoM kA pUrA prayoga karanA cAhie / pratyeka prANI kA AhAra zarIra kI racanA se ghaniSTha sambandha rakhatA hai / yaha sabhI jAnate haiM ki pazu aura pakSiyoM se manuSya kA bhojana sarvathA bhinna hai / kevala bAhya racanA yA veza-bhUSA hI nahIM, zArIrika racanA, socane vicArane kI paddhati aura vANI ke dvArA vyakta karane kA DhaMga bhI anya prANiyoM se manuSya kA sarvathA bhinna aura viziSTa hai / mana, vacana aura kAyA se manuSya anya prANiyoM se bhinna hai / manuSya kI zarIra racanA ko dhyAna se dekheM to patA lagegA ki mukhakI banAvaTa, dAMtoM kI saMracanA, AhAra nalikA aura laghu va vRhada aMtayaMtra, sabhI kucha pazuoM se bhinna hai / Adhunika cikitsakoM ke anusAra prANI zarIra ke aMga usake ucita prAkRtika rahana-sahana evaM bhojana ke anurUpa hI saMcAlita hote haiM / manuSya kI AhAra nalikA zAkAhArI prANiyoM kI bhAMti paryApta lambI hai / sampUrNa pAcaka rasa tathA AMtarika saMracanA zAkAhAra ke lie hI ucita hai / manuSya kI prAkRtika banAvaTa ke anusAra hI hameM dAMta aura AMta milI hai / manuSya kI aMgoM kI paricAlita prakriyA meM dAMta se lekara AMta taka AhAra preSaNa kriyA aura avayavoM meM rakta-mAMsAdi nirmANa kI kriyAeM jur3I huI haiN| inase hI zarIra ko UrjA prApta hotI hai / UrjA kI khoja eka
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________________ 22 ] mahatvapUrNa vaijJAnika upalabdhi hai| pratyeka saMyaMtra meM UrjA kA vizleSaNa karanA aura usakI rAsAyanika kriyAoM kA patA lagAnA hI vijJAna kA mukhya kArya hai| isa vidhi se hI UrjA ke rUpoM tathA mApoM kA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| purAne loga dAMtoM se AMtoM kA parijJAna karate the| jahAM taka zArIrika racanA-prakriyA kA sambandha hai, yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki hiMsaka-prANiyoM kI jaisI AMteM hotI haiM, prakRti ke anusAra unake dAMta bhI vaise hI cIra-phAr3a karane vAle nukIle hote haiN| manuSya kI AMtar3iyA aura usake dAMta kevala zAkAhAra ke lie upayukta haiM / Adhunika cikitsakoM ke anusAra bhAratIya vAtAvaraNa aura jIvana mAMsAhAra ke sarvathA pratikUla haiN| prAyaH loga yaha samajhate haiM ki mAMsa khAne se hamAre zarIra kI mAMsa evaM zakti bar3hatI hai| mAMsa se mAMsa bar3hatA hai, para zakti-vRddhi hotI hai yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai / mAMsa bar3hane se zakti meM vRddhi nahIM hotii| bhArIzarIra banAne mAtra se koI pahalavAna nahIM ho jaataa| zarIra meM zakti kI vRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha usakA sphuraNa honA bhI Avazyaka hai / zAkAhAra se sphuraNa-zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai / zarIra kI vAstavika zakti ko Ayurveda meM 'oja' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| mAMsAhAra se oja vizeSa pragaTa nahIM hotaa| dUdha, dahI aura ghI se vizeSa rUpa se aura tatkAla oja zakti kA sphuraNa hotA hai / ataeva ghAyala, bImAra, azakta aura garbhiNI tathA prasUtA ko dugdhAhAra diyA jAtA hai / zizu kA to mukhya AhAra hI dugdha-pAna hai| mAtA ke dugdha se bar3hakara usakA anya AhAra nahIM ho sakatA / garbha meM bhI zizu mAtA se oja-AhAra grahaNa kara jIvita rahatA hai| jina garbhastha zizuoM ko yaha ojaAhAra nahIM mila pAtA hai athavA usake grahaNa karane meM kisI prakAra kA avarodha utpanna ho jAtA hai usakI tatkAla mRtyu ho jAtI hai / isase spaSTa hai ki sthUla AhAra kI apekSA sUkSma AhAra kA vaiziSTya hai, jo mAMsAhAra karane meM prApta nahIM hotA / ataeva mAMsAhAra ko zaktivarddhaka kahanA ucita nahIM hai| yadi mAMsAhAra manuSya ke lie upayukta nahIM hai to yaha prazna utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai ki kyA zAkAhAra ucita hai ? mAnavatA, naitikatA aura kisI bauddhika niyama kI dRSTi se mAMsAhAra ucita nahIM haiM / kyoMki binA kisI ke badha kie athavA mRtyu ko prApta hae usakA mAMsa nahIM mila sakatA / dUsare, usake zarIra ke sAtha sambaddha taraha-taraha ke roga aura viSale kITANa bhI hamAre bhItara praviSTa ho jAte haiM jo aneka rogoM ke ghara hote haiN| caraka ke sUtrasthAna a0 2 meM kahA gayA hai ki 'prANAH prANabhUtAmannam' arthAta anna prANiyoM kA prANa hai| anna manuSya kA ucita AhAra hai / isakI prathama anveSaNA bhArata meM kI gaI thii| Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne jo 'kRSi ke devatA' bhI kahe jAte haiM, unhoMne saMsAra ko khetI karanA aura nirjIva zAkAhAra ko grahaNa karanA manuSya kA vAstavika evaM ucita AhAra nirUpita kara batAyA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki manuSya kacce tathA vana-upavanoM se tor3a kara lAye hue zAka-phaloM Adi ko jyoM kA tyoM grahaNa nahIM karatA / use sudhArakara, pakAkara, ubAlakara tathA saMskAra kara vividha rUpoM meM unakA sevana kiyA karatA hai, jisase usake avaziSTa doSa naSTa ho jAte haiN| aisA bhojana hI hamAre zarIra ko mAnasika aura zArIrika nirmANa ke lie sabhI prakAra ke poSaka tatva pradAna karatA hai| zuddha sAtvika aura svaccha bhojana ke grahaNa karane se manuSya kA jIvana bhI zuddha sAtvika banatA hai / jIvana ko zuddha aura sAvika banAnA hI svasthatA kA uttama lakSaNa hai / ataeva manuSya apane jIvana ko pavitra aura acchA banAnA cAhatA hai to use apane prAkRtika bhojana zAkAhAra ko apanAnA hI caahie| hameM zarIra ko svastha evaM puSTa banAne ke lie nimnalikhita tatvoM vAle khAdyoM kA prayoga pratidina karanA cAhie :
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________________ kha -5 [ 23 1. proTIna-zArIrika vikAsa, phurtIlApana, utsAha aura zakti paidA karatA hai / zarIra kI kSati pUrti karatA hai| yaha dAloM, AnAjoM, canA, maTara, dUdha, dahI, chA~cha, sapreTA dUdha, phala, mevoM Adi meM kAphI pAyA jAtA hai| 2. phaiTa (civa nAI)-zarIra meM garmI aura zakti paidA karatA hai / yaha dUdha, dahI, ghI, makkhana, tela, bAdAma, akharoTa, kAjU, mUMgaphalI Adi meM pAyA jAtA hai / 3. khanija lavaNa-bhojana zakti ko acchA rakhate haiN| haDDiyoM ko majabUta banAte haiM / rogoM se zarIra kI rakSA karate haiM / yaha tAjI sAga-sabjI, phala, gehU~, cAvala, dUdha Adi meM pAye jAte haiM / 4. kArbohAiDreTasa-zarIra meM zakti aura garmI pradAna karate haiN| yaha cAvala, gehaM, makkA, jvAra, bAjarA, gannA, khajUra, mIThe phala, kelA Adi meM vizeSa pAye jAte haiM / 5. pAnI (namI)-zarIra kI saphAI karake gande padArthoM (pasInA, mala mUvAdi) ko zarIra se bAhara nikAlatA hai| bhojana ko pacane meM aura khUna ke daure meM madada detA hai| zarIra ke tApakrama ko samAna rakhatA hai| 6. kailaziyama haDDiyoM aura dAMtoM ko majabUta karatA hai| zarIra kA raMga nikhAratA hai| bAla ghane aura majabUta karatA hai / yaha harI sabjiyoM, dUdha, dahI, chAcha Adi meM pAyA jAtA hai| 7. lohA-isakI kamI se khUna kI lAlI kama ho jAtI hai / isake abhAva meM khUna pratyeka tantu taka AksIjana nahIM pahuMcA sakatA hai| isI kAraNa khUna kI kamI kI bImArI ho jAtI hai / yaha harI sabjiyoM, anAja, roTI, sema, maTara, harI phaliyoM aura sUkhe mevoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| 8. viTAmina-zarIra ko svastha aura rogoM se mukta rakhate haiM / ye cAvala, gehUM, dUdha, dUdha se bane padArtha, makkhana, phala, tAjI pattiyoM vAlI va binA pattoM vAlI sabjiyoM, nIMbU, TamATara, sema, dAla Adi meM pAye jAte haiM / 9. kailorI-yaha zarIra meM zakti va garamI mApane kA paimAnA hai / jaise iMjana meM koyale ke jalane se garamI va zakti paidA hotI hai aura iMjana calatA hai, usI prakAra bhojana karane se zarIra meM garamI aura zakti paidA hotI hai, usI ke mApa ko kailorI kahate haiM / eka grAma proTIna meM lagabhaga 4 kailorI, 1 grAma vasA (cikanAI) meM 9 kailorI aura 1 grAma kArbohADreTsa meM 4 kailorI pAI jAtI haiN| aMDe-aMDA khAnA kitanA hAnikara hai yaha batAne ke pahile eka bAta para vicAra kara lIjiye ki Ajakala kucha loga aMDoM ko nirjIva batalAkara use zAkAhAra ke antargata batAkara khAne lage haiM aura dUsaroM ko khAne kI salAha dete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki aMDe meM na mAMsa hotA hai, na haDDI; kevala pAnI hotA hai| unase maiM namratApUrvaka nivedana karanA cAhatA hUM ki Apa zAnti se aura gaharI dRSTi se vicAra kareM ki jisa prakAra garbhAdhAna ke Arambha meM tarala padArtha ke sivAya mAMsa yA haDDI kucha nahIM hotA aura phira kramaza: baccA banatA rahatA hai| usI prakAra aMDe ke Arambha meM bhI usameM tarala padArtha hI rahatA hai aura yathAvidhi rahane para baccA utpanna hotA hai / Apa aMDA khAkara bhrUNa hatyA ke doSI banate haiN| isake Age yaha dekheM ki aMDe khAne se Apake zarIra ko lAbha hotA hai yA hAni ? DAkTaroM ke matAnusAra aMDe kI jaradI aMDe kA bar3A khataranAka bhAga hai| eka aMDe kI jaradI meM kolesTrola nAmaka bhayAnaka viSa eka cikanA elakohala hotA hai, jo jigara meM pahu~cakara jamA hotA hai aura hRdaya se rakta le jAne vAlI nAr3iyoM meM rukAvaTa paidA karatA hai / isase dila kI bImArI, hAI blaDa prezara, gurade kI bImArI, pitta kI thailI meM patharI aura jor3oM meM darda ho jAtA hai| yaha bAta kisI se chipI nahIM hai ki vartamAna meM jyoM-jyoM aNDe khAne kA pracAra bar3hatA jAtA hai
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________________ 24 ] tyoM-tyoM hRdaya kI dhar3akana banda hone ke kAraNa mauteM bhI bar3hatI jAtI haiN| hArTa phela hone se maraNa hone ke samAcAra nitya milate hI rahate haiM / kheda hai ki isa bAta para na sarakAra dhyAna detI hai, na janatA / bhArata kA durbhAgya hai ki ahiMsA se svarAjya prApta karane vAlI hamArI sarakAra bhI aMDoM aura machalI ke khAne ke lie protsAhana de rahI hai| janatA ko sAvadhAna hokara yaha dekhanA cAhie, samajhanA cAhie ki koI kucha kahe parantu hama svayaM soceM ki hama kyA khAveM? hameM zAkAhAra se lAbha hogA yA aMDoM aura mAMsa se? iMgalaiMDa ke DAkTara rAbarTa grAma kA likhanA hai ki-murgI ke bacce meM bahuta sI bImAriyAM hotI haiN| aMDe una bImAriyoM ko vizeSatayA TI0 bI0, peciza Adi ke kITANuoM ko apane sAtha lAte haiM aura inako khAne vAloM meM paidA kara dete haiN| ___ DA. govindarAja kA kahanA hai ki-aNDoM meM nAiTrojana, phAsphorika esiDa aura carabI kI adhika mAnA hotI hai| isa kAraNa zarIra meM ye tejAbI mAdA paidA karate haiM aura manuSya ko rogI banAte haiN| DA0 i0 bI0 maikkalima kA likhanA hai ki-aNDoM meM kailaziyama kI kamI aura kArbohAiDreTasa kA bilkUla abhAva hotA hai| isa kAraNa ye bar3I AMtoM meM jAkara sar3Ana mArate haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki manuSya ko aNDe kA prayoga kadApi nahIM karanA caahie| landana ke DAkTara elekjeNDara hega ke vaijJAnika parIkSaNa ke anusAra machalI aura mAMsa meM yUrika esiDa viSa hotA hai / yaha viSa jaba khUna meM milatA hai taba dila kI bImArI, TI0 bI0, jigara kI kharAbI, zvAMsa roga, khUna kI kamI, gaThiyA, hisTIriyA, sustI, ajIrNa aura taraha-taraha ke darda paidA kara detA hai| vidvAna pAThaka dekheM aura gaura kareM ki vaijJAnika dRSTi se mAMsAhAra manuSyoM ko hAnikara aura zAkAhAra kitanA lAbhakArI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke isa 2500 veM nirvANa varSa meM hamArA, hamAre munirAjoM kA, sAdhvIjI mahArAja kA yaha parama kartavya hai ki grAmoM grAma meM vicarakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ahiMsA sandeza ko sunAveM aura rASTrahita ke lie janatA ko batAyeM ki kevala dhArmika dRSTi se hI nahIM, vaijJAnika STi se bhI soceM aura samajheM ki zakti aura buddhi bar3hAne ke lie mAMsAhAra nahIM, zAkAhAra hI ApakI icchA pUrI kara sakegA / Apa pratyakSa dekha leveM ki mAMsAhArI pazuoM se zAkAhArI pazu hAthI aura ghor3e kitane balavAna hote haiN| satya to yaha hai ki mAMsAhArI vastuoM kI apekSA zAkAhArI vastuoM meM poSaka tatva adhika pAye jAte haiN| yaha Apa nimnalikhita tAlikA se bhalIbhAMti samajha skeNge| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhiye ki kisa padArtha meM pratizata kitanA poSaka tatva hai :vastu poSaka aMzoM kI mAtrA bAdAma 91 pratizata canA, maTara cAvala 86 , jo 84 , ghI dUdha mAMsa 28 , machalI 13 , ataH yaha siddha ho jAtA ki dhArmika, Arthika yA zArIrika hita, kisI bhI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to manuSya ke lie mAMsAhAra kadApi ucita nahIM hai| / / || || 87 ,
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________________ kha - 5 zAkAhAra se hI ahiMsaka samAjaracanA : ahiMsaka samAjaracanA kA artha hI yaha hai ki jisa samAja meM manuSyoM ko hI nahIM, dUsare prANiyoM ko bhI sukhazAMti se jIne kA avasara mile, sabako roTI, rojI, surakSA zAnti prApta ho, sabakA jIvana sahaastitva kI bhAvanA para TikA ho / aura aisA tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba samAja meM zAkAhAra kA adhikAdhika pracAra-prasAra ho / zAkAhAra se hI samAja meM sahaastitva, nyAya, surakSA aura zAntipUrvaka jIne kI manovRtti bana sakatI hai / bhArata ke bhUtapUrva rASTrapati DA0 rAjendraprasAda ne kahA thA - "yadi duniyA se yuddhoM ko miTAnA hai to mAMsAhAra ko miTAnA hogA / " eDavarDa eca0 kirabI ( ceyaramaina vejITeriyana sosAyaTI) ne isa bAta kA samarthana kiyA hai - " zAkAhArI nIti kA anusaraNa karane se hI pRthvI para zAnti, prema aura Ananda cirakAla taka bane raheMge / " ataH duniyA kI sabase behatara samAjaracanA ahiMsaka hai aura use sthApita karanA hai to sAmAjikatA ke isa pahalU kI dRSTi se zAkAhAra ko apanAe binA koI cArA nahIM / mAMsAhAra svayaM hI hiMsA kI buniyAda para TikA hai, usase ahiMsaka samAjaracanA kadApi nahIM ho sakatI / isalie pAzcAtya vidvAna morisa sI0 koghalI ne likhA hai ki yadi pRthvI para svarga kA sAmrAjya sthApita karanA hai to pahale kadama ke rUpa meM mAMsa bhojana karanA sarvathA varjanIya karanA hogA / isalie yaha niHsaMdeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAMsAhAra se ahiMsaka samAjaracanA nahIM ho sakegI, vaha so zAkAhAra se hI saMbhava hai / [ 25 mAMsAhAra - tyAga kA sAmAjika mUlya - misa kaitharIna hilamaina ( saralA devI ) mahAvIra aura buddha ke jamAne se bhArata meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI vajaha se kAphI jamAtoM ne mAMsahAra kA faSedha kiyA thA lekina mAMsAhAra ko ausata meM sAmAjika mAnyatA nahIM milI thii| usakA mUlya naitika aura AdhyAtmika vicAra tathA bhUta dayA para AdhArita thaa| usakA prabhAva sirpha vyaktigata caritra para nahIM, balki hamAre rASTrIya caritra para bhI par3A thA / yaha hamAre darzana zAstra ke vikAsa ke lie eka Avazyaka tatva thA / bhUtavidyA ke vikAsa ke liye bhI vaha Avazyaka thaa| yaha hamAre deza kI saMskRti kA eka bahuta mahatvapUrNa aMga thA, jisakI vajaha bhArata kA tatva darzana pazcima meM bhI mAnyatA prApta kara sakA hai / lekina Ajakala kA zikSita varga dakiyAnUsa banane se bahuta ghabar3AtA hai, isaliye Ajakala bhArata kI sAMskRtika mAnyatAoM ke badale meM, pazcimI mAnyatAoM kI ora jhukAva jyAdA hai / ataH hara prakAra ke saMyama ko tilAMjali dene ke sAtha hI sAtha hamAre zikSita varga meM bahuta loga ahiMsA ke bhI siddhAMta ko chor3akara, mAMsAhAra karane meM apanI AdhunikatA samajhane lage haiM /
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________________ 26 ] lekina aba mAMsAhAra karane meM eka nayA Arthika aura sAmAjika savAla paidA ho rahA hai| Ajakala, lagabhaga sabhI dezoM meM, loga mAnane lage haiM ki jindA rahane ke liye nyUnatama khurAka sabako milanI cAhiye / yaha bhI mAnI huI bAta hai ki aba duniyA kI AbAdI tejI se bar3ha rahI hai, usI anupAta meM anna kA utpAdana nahIM bar3ha rahA hai aura nikaTa bhaviSya meM vaha ucita anupAta meM bar3he, aisI ummIda nahIM hai| ataH hara eka ko socanA cAhie kyA hamArI khurAka meM aisA koI padArtha to nahIM hai, jisakI vajaha se anya logoM ke lie anAja kama milane kI saMbhAvanA hai ? yaha dekhane kI dRSTi dakiyAnUsI nahIM, Adhunikatama hai| vaha usa nAre ke siddhAMta se milatA hai-hara eka ko apanI AvazyakatAoM ke anusAra / isalie gozta ke utpAdana se anAja ke utpAdana para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai, isa bAta ko socane kI ati AvazyakatA hai| isake lie eka vaijJAnika najara isa dizA ke arthazAstra para DAlane kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha mAnI huI bAta hai, yadi eka AdamI ko peTa bhara anAja khilAne ke lie eka ekar3a bhUmi kI AvazyakatA hai to dugdha padArthoM ko khilAne ke liye do ekar3a bhUmi kI jarUrata hogI aura gozta khilAne ke lie cAra ekar3a kI AvazyakatA hogii| lekina ina AMkar3oM ko jarA jyAdA gaharAI se samajhane kA prayatna karane para usakA asalI artha jyAdA spaSTatA se samajha meM aaegaa| dvitIya vizva yuddha ke bAda se, gozta kA utpAdana bar3hAne ke lie pazcima meM loga pazuoM ko jyAdA Thosa khurAka khilAne lge| vibhinna prakAra ke anAja ke dAne usa Thosa khurAka kA eka mukhya aMga haiN| 1961-62 se 1970-71 taka, pazuoM ko khilAye jAne vAle anAja meM hara sAla ausata meM 6.3 pragizata kI vRddhi huI thii| aba vizva ke annotpAdana ke 31 pratizata (yAnI 37 karor3a Tana) anAja hara sAla pazuoM ko khilAyA jA rahA hai| yadi hama mAna leM ki ausata AdamI ko sirpha AdhA kilo anAja roja cAhiye, to vaha lagabhaga DhAI araba logoM kI khurAka hogii| jApAna meM 1960 se lekara 1973 taka gozta kI khapata caugunI ho gaI thI, kyoMki gozta kA AyAta nahIM hotA thA, isaliye Upara se aisA dIkhatA thA ki gozta ke mAmale meM jApAna svAvalambI hai| lekina gaharAI se dekhane se eka dUsarA tathya samajha meM AyegA ki 1960 se lekara 1970 taka ke daramiyAna jApAna meM soyAbIna kI AyAta tigunI ho gaI thI aura makkA kI AyAta caugunI ho gayI thii| 1972 meM, gozta kA utpAdana bar3hAne ke lie, rUsa ne anna kA utpAdana kama kiyA thaa| Ajakala rUsa jaise mahAna kRSi pradhAna deza meM hara sAla do karor3a Tana gehUM aura eka karor3a pazuoM ke dAne kI AyAta hotI hai| briTena meM 1972 meM ausata AdamI ne 77.4 kilogrAma gozta khAyA thaa| usa gozta kA tihAI hissA videzoM se AyAta se milA, jisakI kImata 71.5 araba pauMDa thii| apane pazuoM ko khilAne ke lie 36 lAkha Tana anAja kI AyAta bhI huI aura vahA~ kI eka tihAI kRSi bhUmi meM pazuoM ko khilAne ke lie dAne boye gaye the| 1972 meM vilAyata meM proTInoM kI khapata meM 57 pratizata prANija proTIna thii| ina AMkar3oM ko dekhane se spaSTa hotA hai ki Ajakala jo gozta khAne vAlA hotA hai, vaha gozta khAkara anya garIba logoM ke anAja ko kama karatA hai jo Ajakala bhI bahudhA AdhA peTa khAkara yA bhUkhA rahatA hai| isalie aba mAMsAhAra tyAga ke lie sirpha ahiMsA tathA bhUtadayA nahIM, balki sAmAjika aura Arthika nyAya bhI preraNA detA hai| Ajakala mAMsAhAra tyAga kA bahuta Avazyaka sAmAjika mUlya bhI hai /
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________________ mAMsAhAra kA duSpariNAma -DA. mohana borA yaha eka nitAnta thothI dhAraNA hai ki mAMsa-bhakSaNa se zarIra balavAna hotA hai| proTIna aura carbI kI pUrti meM ise anivArya taka mAnA jAne lagA hai| kintu eka prAkRtika cikitsaka ke nAte maiM ise bilkula Avazyaka nahIM mAnatA tathA ise heya aura ghRNita mAnatA huuN| manuSya ko itane adhika proTIna va carbI kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI jitanI mAMsa meM hotI hai / isa taraha proTIna aura carbI kI adhikatA pAcana kSetra meM vikhaNDana aura durgandha paidA karatI hai aura isa taraha apaca hotA hai / parantu zAkAhAra yadi ucita rUpa se liyA gayA ho to zarIra ke lie paryApta proTIna aura carbI de sakatA hai / saMsAra ke bahuta se manuSya jinakA AhAra zAka-zabjI hai, mAMsAhAra para jIvita rahane vAle vyaktiyoM kI tulanA meM zArIrika aura mAnasika donoM hI taraha se adhika svastha rahate haiN| mAMsAhArI hone kI apekSA zAkAhArI honA adhika svAsthaprada aura mitavyayI bhI hai| jo bhojana hama karate haiM usase zarIra banatA hai, isalie aise bhojana kA guNa namra aura saMyamita honA caahie| yadi bhojana pazu ke mAMsa se saMgrahita kiyA jAtA hai to nizcita rUpa se usakA prabhAva bhI viparIta hota hai| isa sandarbha meM merA vicAra yaha hai ki hameM apane baccoM ke AhAra meM kisI pazu kA dUdha bhI nahIM rakhanA caahie| bhAvI pIr3hI ke naitika patana ko rokane ke lie unake mastiSkoM kA nirmANa pazUoM (gAya, bhaiMsa, bher3a, bakarI) ke proTIna se nirmita na hone paae| yadyapi asIma kAla se uttama guNoM ke kAraNa dUdha ko zAkAhAra mAnA jAtA hai para yaha bhI mAMsAhAra jaisI ajJAnatA se mukta nahIM ho sakatA / niHsandeha yaha samucita zodha kA viSaya hai| nizcita rUpa se kucha zAkAhAriyoM ke lie yaha eka bhayAvaha aura dukhada prAkaTya hai| bhalAI aura nyAya kI bhAvanA vAlA sabhya samAja kA AdamI apane mana meM bhojana ke lie nirIha prANI ko mArane kI anaitikatA nahIM poSa sktaa| vaha bahata hI priya pazu kA galA nahIM kATa sktaa| agara aisA karane ke lie kisI para dabAva DAlA jAtA hai to mAMsAhArI svayaM ko doSI anubhava karegA aura mAMsa khAnA chor3a degaa| jahAM taka pariNAma aura mAnavI cetanA para prabhAva kA sambandha hai, hatyA aura katla meM koI antara nahIM hai| pazuoM ke bhI mAMsa, haDDiyAM aura nAr3I saMsthAna Adi hote haiM, ThIka manuSya kI taraha aura isa taraha bhojana ke lie pazu kA katla aura AdamI kI hatyA meM kyA antara hai ? pAlatU suara jamIna kI hara gandI cIja khAte haiM yahAM taka ki AdamI aura pazuoM kA malamU apane gande bhojana ke kAraNa sUara saMsAra meM sabase gandA pazu mAnA jAtA hai| usakI kozikAe~ parAnnabhojI hotI haiM, yaha giddhoM se bhI adhama hotA hai, para kucha mAMsAhArI ina sUaroM ke mAMsa ko bhojana meM sammilita karate haiN| pazu ke mAMsa ke pitta sambandhI tatva raktacApa, kaiMsara, gaThiyA aura raktanaliyoM meM rakta kA jamAva Adi bImAriyAM paidA karate haiM / mAMsAhAra kA yahI pariNAma hotA hai| pazcimI dezoM meM bhI zAkAhArI saMsthAe~ haiM aura vahAM bhI zAkAhArI Andolana pragati kara rahA hai| yahAM yaha kahanA hAsyAspada hai ki mahAvIra, buddha, gAMdhI va anya zAkAhArI RSiyoM kI hamArI dharatI para mAMsAhArI dina-ba-dina bar3ha rahe haiN| hamArI rASTrIya sarakAra bhI bekArI aura khAdya samasyAoM kA hala nikAlane ke lie deza meM murgI-phArma, sUara-phArma, carAgAha-phArma kholane kA pracAra karatI haiN|.
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________________ machalI va mA~sa meM viSa 9 grena gAya landana ke DA0 elegjeMDara hega ke vaijJAnika parIkSaNa-machalI va mAMsa meM yUrika esiDa viSa khAdya padArtha kA nAma eka pauMDa meM yUrika esiDa viSa kI mAtrA machalI 5 grena bher3a-bakarI 6 grena bachalA 8 grena suara 8 grena cUjA 9 grena gAya kI bhunI boTI 14 grena gAya kA jigara 19 grena mAMsa kA zorabA 50 grena viSa kA pramAva-yaha viSa jaba khUna meM milatA hai taba dila kI bImArI, TI0 bI0, jigara kI kharAbI, sA~sa roga, khUna kI kamI, gaThiyA, hisTIriyA, sustI, nIda kA adhika AnA, ajIrNa, taraha-taraha ke darda, inaphlUeMjA, aneka prakAra ke bukhAra Adi saikar3oM roga paidA hote haiM / / amerikA meM 1968 meM DAkTaroM kI khoja mAMsa-bhakSaNa se haDDiyAM kamajora hotI haiM hArvarDa maiDikala skUla amerikA ke DA0 e0 bAcamaina aura DA0 DI0 esa0 barnasTIna laiMseMTa, 1968 volyUma, pRSTha 958 meM apanI mahatvapUrNa vaijJAnika khojoM kA pariNAma likhate haiM "mAMsAhArI logoM kA pezAba prAyaH tejAba yukta hotA hai isa kAraNa zarIra ke rakta kA tejAba aura kSAra kA anupAta ThIka rakhane ke lie haDDiyoM meM se kSAra ke namaka khUna meM milate haiM, aura isake viparIta zAkAhAriyoM kA pezAba kSAra vAlA hotA hai isalie unakI haDDiyoM kA kSAra khUna meM nahIM jAtA aura haDDiyA~ majabUta rahatI haiM / unakI rAya meM jina vyaktiyoM kI haDDiyA~ kamajora hoM unako vizeSa taura para adhika phala, sabjiyoM ke proTIna aura dUdha kA sevana karanA cAhie aura mAMsa eka dama chor3a denA caahie|" -sAiMsa nyUja (dillI vijJAna zikSaka saMgha) se uddhRta aNDe aNDe kitane ghAtaka, kitane bhayAnaka DI0DI0TI0 viSa 18 mAha ke parIkSaNa ke bAda 30 pratizata aNDoM meM DI0 DI0 TI0 pAyA gyaa| -kRSi vibhAga, phloriDA (amerikA) heltha buleTina, akTUbara 67
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________________ [ 29 hRdayaroga eka aNDe meM lagabhaga 4 grena kolesTarola kI mAtrA pAI jAtI hai| kolesTarola kI itanI adhika mAtrA se aNDe dila kI bImArI, hAI blaDaprezara, gurdo ke roga, pitta kI thailI meM patharI Adi rogoM ko paidA karate haiN| --DA. robarTa grAMsa, pro. iraviMga DeviDasana peTa ko sar3ana aNDoM meM kArbohAiDeTsa bilkula nahIM hote aura kailziyama bhI bahuta kama hotA hai| ataH inase peTa meM sar3ana paidA hotI hai| -DA0 i0 vI0, melkAlama (nyUara nAleja Afa, nyUTrizana) egjimA aura lakavA aNDe kI saphedI meM evIDina nAmaka bhayAnaka tatva hotA hai, jo egjamA paidA karatA hai| jina jAnavaroM ko aNDe kI saphedI khilAI gaI unako lakavA mAra gayA aura camar3I sUja gii| ___---DA0 Ara0 je viliyansa, DA0 robarTa grAMsa TI0 bI0 aura peciza murgiyoM meM bahuta sI bImAriyA~ hotI haiM, aNDe una bImAriyAM ko vizeSatayA TI0 bI0, peciza Adi ko apane sAtha le jAte haiM aura inako khAne vAloM meM paidA karate haiN| -DA0 robarTa grAMsa aNDoM ke viruddha bar3eM DAkTaroM kI rAya aNDoM meM cUne kI kamI hotI hai aura unameM zarkarA bhI nahIM hotI hai / ataH aNDoM meM AMta ke andara sar3Ane kI rujhAna hotI hai vanisbata ki hAjamA durusta rakhane kii| jaba bandaroM ko aNDoM para hI rakhA gayA to sar3Ane vAle kITANu adhika hone lage aura jAnavara sote hue se rahate the aura kabhI apane siroM ko jhukA huA sA rakhate the| ve susta the aura bAharI tarIkoM se jaba unheM ukasAyA jAtA thA to unameM phartIlApana kI kamI pAI gii| pezAba mAtrA meM kama hotI thI aura gahare raMga kI hotI thii| aura pezAba meM sar3Ana kI vastuoM kI mAtrA jyAdA bar3ha gayI thii| jaba jAnavaroM ko dUdha va aMgUra kI zarkarA dI gaI to mAnasika va zArIrika donoM parivartana unameM punaH lauTa Aye aura ve ThIka ho gye| isase yaha pariNAma nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki mAMsa aura aNDoM kA adhika prayoga viSAkta tatvoM ko zarIra meM paidA kara detA hai jo ki sustI lAte haiN| -DA0 i0va0 maikakolama aNDe khAnA hAnikAraka hai| ___ aNDe khAnA nukasAnadAyaka bhI hai / aNDA avyakta murgI kA baccA hai| aNDA khAnA eka prakAra kA garbha meM DakaitI DAlane ke samAna hai yA yoM kahie ki murgI ke bacce kI hatyA ke barAbara hai| parantu yaha hI aNDe khAne kA ekamAtra abhiprAya nahIM hai| Apa kA yaha kahanA kevala kathana mAna hI hai ki maiM aura aNDe salAmata raheM to jIvana ke svAsthya kI gAr3I calatI rahegI, parantu rAsAyanika anveSaNa kucha aura hI batAtA hai jo ki isa kathana ke viruddha gavAhI detA hai| aNDe kI sapheda jardI mukhyatayA elabumina hI hai jo ki proTIna kI eka kisma hI hai| zarIra alabumina ko naSTa tatva ke rUpa meM bAhara nikAlatA hai| aNDe kA pIlA bhAga kolasTarola nAmaka padArtha apane andara rakhatA hai jo ki eka prakAra kI cipacipI zarAba hai aura jo yakRta aura khUna kI ragoM meM jamA ho jAtA hai aura khUna kI dhamaniyoM (ragoM) meM jakhma aura kar3Apana paidA kara detA hai| --DA0 je0 ema0 bilakisa
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________________ 30 ] aNDe khAnA hiMsA hai hama sabako yaha sUcanA denA cAhate haiM ki aNDoM meM bahuta se bacce nikalate haiM, umameM sabase acche baccoM ko chor3akara bAkI mAra diye jAte haiN| eka yA do sAla bAda jabaki ina acchI nasla kI murgiyoM kI aNDe dene kI zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai, to unheM bhI mArakara peTa meM kabristAna banAyA jAtA hai| kevala itane hI se pIchA nahIM chUTatA, Adhunika daraboM ke pharza para tAra lage rahate haiM, jinase murgiyoM ke paira darda karane lagate haiM aura rAta meM bIcabIca meM bijalI kA prakAza A jAtA hai aura phira calA jAtA hai jisase ki murgiyAM samajhe ki dina ho gayA hai aura tAki ve kucha khAyeM aura aNDe jyAdA deN| murgiyoM ko pRthvI taka kA sparza nahIM karAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra saba prakAra kI sUcanAyeM jAnane ke bAda koI bhI vyakti aNDe khAnA pasanda nahIM kregaa| kevala isalie hI nahIM ki ina jAnavaroM ke sAtha kitanI nirdayatA bartI jAtI hai balki isaliye bhI ki svAsthya ko hAni pahu~catI hai| isa prakAra kI murgiyoM se nikale aNDe jinameM murgI ko binA dabAye hue hI kRtrima upAyoM se aNDe mugiyoM ne diye hoM kisI prakAra bhI manuSya ke liye hitakara nahIM ho sakate haiN| yadi isa prakAra kRtrima upAyoM se acche aNDe hama nikAla bhI leM to hama binA aNDoM ke jyAdA acche raheMge banisvat isake ki hama aise aNDoM ko khAyeM kyoMki aise aNDoM meM kolesTarola kI mAtrA bahuta adhika hotI hai jo ki dhamaniyAM, dila, dimAga aura gurde kI bImAriyoM aura pitAzaya meM patharI kA mukhya kAraNa hai| phala, zAka aura zAka se nikale tela kolasTaraula nahIM hotaa| -DA0 kaithairAina nimmoM aNDe manuSya kA prAkRtika prAhAra nahIM aNDe jo ki murgiyoM ke bIja rUpa haiM unako aNDoM se nikale murgI ke baccoM se alaga nahIM samajhanA cAhiye kyoMki bacce use usI aNDe ke tatva se nikalate haiN| jAnavaroM kA bIja mAnava se jyAdA saMkhyA meM paidAyaza karatA hai kyoMki kaccA aNDA manuSya meM vIrya vikAra paidA karatA hai| bahudhA aNDe ko murgI se nikalA huA phala kahA jAtA hai jo ki eka vicitra kathana hai, kyoMki aNDe meM eka sacce bIja ke saba guNa maujUda haiN| yadi hama isakI tulanA ekona ke vakSa ke phala se kareM to donoM bahuta kucha milate-julate haiN| donoM meM bAhya rakSA hetu eka prakAra kI kar3I khAla sI rahatI hai jo ki andara kI cIjoM kI rakSA karatI hai aura donoM meM eka prakAra kI jIvanI zakti rahatI hai| jisase paidA hone vAle prANI kI utpatti ho sake ekona meM pUrNa rUpa se eka avyakta oka hai aura aNDe meM murgI kA baccA avyakta rUpa meM hai| pratyeka ko garmI, namI aura vAyu ko AvazyakatA hai tAki prANI kI utpatti ho ske| ekona ke andara sailulosa va zarkarA hotI hai jo ki bIja ke mukhya tatva haiM aura jinase ki khurAka paidA hone vAle prANI ko milatI hai| isI prakAra aNDe meM pIlA bhAga paidA hone vAle margI ke bacce ko kaI dina taka pa isake atirikta aNDe tejAba adhika paidA karate haiM aura unameM nAiTojana carbI aura phAsaphorisa esiDa adhika mAtrA meM hotI hai aura isa kAraNa se manuSya kA prAkRtika AhAra anDA nahIM ho sktaa| -DA. govinda rAja isa nizcaya para pahu~cane ke bAda ki murgI ke bacce meM bImAriyAM adhika ho rahI haiM jisakA kAraNa yaha hai ki Ajakala kRtrima aprAkRtika upAyoM se murgiyoM ko atyadhika aNDe dene para bAdhya kiyA jAtA hai to isameM koI Azcarya nahIM ki murgiyoM kA mAMsa khAne se manuSya kI bar3I AMta meM hAnirahita jo vaisilasa kolAI kamunisa nAmaka kITANu rahate haiM unameM se kucha hAnikAraka rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| yaha satya ho yA na ho para isa bAta para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai, jabaki murgiyoM ke atyadhika utpAdana para hama saba ora se vicAra vimarza karate haiM kyoMki isI paristhiti meM pAlatU jAnavaroM meM jo roga ho jAte haiM manuSya isakA uttaradAyI hai aura eka dina isakA prabhAva manuSya para binA par3e nahIM raha sktaa| -ja. I0, ra0 maikaDonala
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________________ mAMsAhAra niSedhaka vizva-manISA Wan jisa prakAra tumheM dukha priya nahIM hai, vaisA hI dUsare prANiyoM ke sambandha meM jAno / kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta karanA svayaM apanA ghAta karanA hai| dUsaroM para dayA karanA, svayaM apane Upara dayA karanA hai| bhojana jihvA ke svAda ke lie nahIM khAyA jAtA-zarIra kI rakSA ke lie khAyA jAtA hai| mAMsa-bhakSaNa, madyapAna, pazu-pakSiyoM kA zikAra, corI, dyUtakrIr3A (juA khelanA) aura vyabhicAra bhArI pApa haiM, jo manuSya kI durgati karAte haiM / -jinAgama he mitra ! jo pazu kA mAMsa khAte haiM, unake sira phor3a ddaalo| he agni ! mAMsa bhakSaNa karane vAloM ko apane muMha meM rakha lo| -Rgveda jo loga aNDe aura mAMsa khAte haiM, maiM una dRSToM kA nAza karatA huuN| -atharvaveda pazu-pakSI Adi kA badha karane vAlA, unake zarIra ko kATane vAlA, mAMsa kA becane vAlA, pakAne vAlA, parosane vAlA, kharIdane vAlA, dUsaroM ko dene vAlA, khAne vAlA aura aise kAryoM kA anumodana karane vAlA ye saba ghAtaka, duSTa aura pApI haiN| --manusmRti jo loga nAnA prakAra ke amRtopama zAkAhArI padArthoM ko chor3akara mAMsa Adi ghRNita padArthoM ko khAte haiM, ve sacamuca rAkSasoM jaise lagate haiN| jo vyakti dUsaroM ke mAMsa se apanA zarIra bar3hAnA cAhatA hai, usa nirdayI se bar3hakara zUdra anya koI nahIM hai| -mahAmArata anu0 parva mAMsa durgandhita padArtha hai, mlecchoM dvArA sevita hai, AryajanoM dvArA tyAjya hai / Arya (zreSTha) jana mAMsa evaM rakta kA AhAra nahIM karate, kyoMki vaha abhakSya aura ghRNita padArtha haiN| mAMsa-bhakSaNa se sAdhutva athavA brAhmaNatva naSTa ho jAtA hai| mAMsAhArI dUsaroM ke prANoM ko balapUrvaka lene ke kAraNa DAkU ke samAna hai| jo vyakti lobhavaza dUsaroM ke prANa harate haiM athavA mAMsa ke utpAdana meM dhanAdika se yoga dete haiM, ve pApI haiM, duSTa haiM, ghora naraka meM jAkara mahAduHkha uThAte haiM / maiM mAnatA hai ki jo vyakti dUsare prANiyoM kA mAMsa khAtA hai, vaha vAstava meM apane putra kA mAMsa khAtA hai| -bhagavAna buddha, laMkAvatArasUtra jo koI kisI jAnavara ko mAregA, use paramAtmA kSamA nahIM kregaa| he pavitra mAnava ! paramAtmA kI yaha AjJA hai ki dharatI kA mukha rudhira, maila aura mAMsa se apavitra na kiyA jAya / -jarathuzta IsA pUrva chaThI zatI ke lagabhaga yUnAna meM pAithegorasa nAmaka manISI ne ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra kA pracAra kiyA thA / pAithegorasa aura usake anuyAyI pUrNatayA zAkAhArI the| . -pAithegorasa
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________________ kha - 5 pArasyadeza kA zAha sAvarasamahAna ( IsApUrva 529) bhArI vijetA aura eka mahAna sAmrAjya kA saMsthApaka thA / vaha svayaM to zAkAhArI thA hI, usane apane sainikoM ko bhI zAkAhArI bhojana karane kA Adeza diyA thA, jisakA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karAyA jAtA thaa| senophena nAmaka itihAsakAra ke anusAra 15 varSa kI Ayu takasAyarasa kA pAlana poSaNa roTI zAka-jala para hI huA thA, taduparAnta use zahada aura munakkA khAne ke lie diye gaye the / - sAyarasa 32 ] jaise hI AvazyakatAoM kI sImAoM kA ullaMghana kiyA jAtA hai, mAMsa ko pathya banAyA jAne lagatA hai aura dhanasaMgraha sarvocca prayatna kA lakSya hotA jAtA hai| --sukarAta mAMsabhakSI, madyapAyI, apar3ha aura mUrkha manuSya pazuoM ke samAna haiM unase dharatI mAtA sadaiva duHkhI rahatI hai| -- cANakyanIti / mAnava sIdhA-sAdA jIvana yApana kare, aura jo gehUM Adi se apanI bhUkha miTAye aise bhojana se manuSya dIrghakAla taka zAnti se vRddha avasthA kA upabhoga kara sakatA hai, aura apanI santAna ko uttarAdhikAra meM sukhIjIvana de sakatA hai| - pleTo (yUnAnI varzanika aphalAtUna) dekho maiMne pRthvI para saba prakAra kI jar3I bUTiyAM tathA unake bIja diye haiN| sAtha hI, taraha-taraha ke phaloM se lade per3a-paudhe bhI diye haiM tathA unake bIja bhI ina saba zAkAhArI padArthoM ko khaao| ve tumhAre lie mAMsa se adhika lAbhaprada haiM / tuma mere nikaTa sadaiva eka pavitra AtmA bane rahoge, yadi tuma kisI kA bhI mAMsa na khAo / - IsA masIha sahasroM sampanna bali yajJoM ko karane se kahIM zreyaskara hai vadha kiye gaye prANiyoM ke mAMsAhAra se virata rahanA / tuma kahate ho, 'hama kisI jIvita prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karate, kevala vadha kiye hue prANI kA mAMsa khAte haiN|' maiM kahatA hUM yadi koI mAMsa kraya karane hI na Ave to kauna kisI jIva kI hatyA karegA aura usakA mAMsa becegA / -tidakkurala kisI bhI prakAra kA mAMsa Izvara ko nahIM pahuMcatA, na kisI kA rakta hI parantu jitanI kucha dayA tuma pAloge vahI allAhatAlA ko kabUla hogI / paigambara mohammada (kuraAna zarIpha) ai insAna ! pazu-pakSiyoM kI kabra tU apane peTa meM mata banA | - hajarata alI kasAI ko churI calAte dekha bakarI ne kahA- harI ghAsa khAne kI mujhe yaha sajA mila rahI hai, taba merA mAMsa khAne vAle kasAI kA kyA hAla hogA ?" - sUfI santa abula alA mAMsa ahArI mAnavA, paratacha rAkSasa aMga / tinakI saMgata mata karo, parata bhajana meM bhaMga // jori kara jibaha kareM, kahate raheM halAla jaba daphtara dekhegA daI, taba hogA kauna havAla // -mahAtmA kabIravAsa
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________________ [ 33 je ratta lage kApar3e, jAmA hove palitta / jo ratta pIve mAnuSA, tina kyoM nirmala citta // -guru nAnakadeva mere lie kitane sukha kI bAta hotI, yadi merA zarIra itanA bar3A hotA ki mAMsAhArI loga kevala mere zarIra ko hI khAkara saMtuSTa ho jAte, tAki ve phira dUsaroM ko mAra kara na khAte / athavA aisA hotA ki mere zarIra kA eka-eka aMza kATakara mAMsAhAriyoM ko khilA diyA jAtA aura vaha aMza phira vApasa ho jAtA, to maiM bahuta prasanna hotA / usa prakAra maiM apane zarIra se hI mAMsAhAriyoM ko tRpta kara sktaa| -samrATa akabara mAMsa kA pracAra karane vAle saba rAkSasa ke samAna haiM / vedoM meM kahIM bhI mAMsa khAne kA ullekha nahIM haiN|... zarAbI aura mAMsAhArI ke hAtha kA khAne meM bhI mAMsAdi ke khAne-pAne kA doSa lagatA hai| jo loga mAMsa aura zarAba kA sevana karate haiM, unake zarIra, vIrya Adi dhAtu durgandha ke kAraNa dUSita ho jAte haiN|"he mAMsAhAriyoM ! jaba kucha kAla pazcAta pazu na mileMge taba tuma manuSyoM kA mAMsa bhI chor3oge yA nahIM ?... gaU Adi pazuoM kA nAza hone se rAjA aura prajA donoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai / gaigo-rakSA rASTrarakSA hai| -svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI mAMsa khAnA asabhyatA hai, dhArmika jIvana ke liye nirAmiSa bhojana hI ThIka hai| -svAmI vivekAnanda kyA mAMsa khAnA anivArya hai ? kucha loga kahate hai ki yaha anivArya to nahIM lekina kucha bAtoM ke lie jarUrI hai| maiM kahatA hUM ki yaha jarUrI nhiiN| jina logoM ko isa bAta para sandeha ho, vaha bar3e-bar3e vidvAna DAkTaroM kI pustakeM par3heM jinameM yaha dikhAyA gayA hai ki mAMsa kA khAnA manuSya ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai| mAMsa khAne se pAzavika pravRttiyAM bar3hatI haiM, kAma uttejita hotA hai, vyabhicAra karane aura madirA pIne kI icchA hotI hai| ina saba bAtoM ke pramANa sacce zuddha aura sadAcArI navayuvaka haiM / vizeSakara striyAM aura javAna laDakiyAM hai jo isa bAta ko sApha-sApha kahatI haiM ki mAMsa khAne ke bAda kAma kI uttejanA aura anya pAzavika pravRttiyAM Apa hI Apa prabala ho jAtI haiM / mAMsa khAkara sadAcArI bananA asambhava hai| hamAre jIvana meM sadAcArI aura upakArI jIvana ke pahile jIne kI taha meM arthAta hamAre bhojana meM itanI asabhya aura pApapUrNa cIjeM ghusa gayI haiM aura isa para itane kama AdamiyoM ne vicAra kiyA hai ki hamAre lie isa bAta ko samajhanA hI asambhava ho rahA hai ki gozta-roTI khAkara AdamI dhArmika yA sadAcArI kadApi nahIM ho sakatA hai| gozta-roTI khAte hue dhArmika yA sadAcArI hone kA dAvA suna hameM isalie Azcarya nahIM hotA ki hamameM eka asAdhAraNa bAta pAI jAtI hai| hamArI A~kha hai lekina hama dekha nahIM sakate, kAna hai lekina hama nahIM sunate / AdamI badabUdAra se badabUdAra cIja, burI se burI AvAja aura badasUrata se badasUrata vastu kA AdI bana sakatA hai, jisake kAraNa vaha AdamI una cIjoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotA jisase ki anya AdamI prabhAvita ho jAte haiN| -TAlsTAya prAcIna kAla meM manuSya bar3I bhArI saMkhyA meM zAkAhArI hI the| (Descent of Man, p. 156) aura maiM vismita hUM ki aise asAdhAraNa majadUra mere dekhane meM kabhI nahIM Aye, jaise ki cilI (Chili) kI kAnoM meM kAma karate haiN| ve bar3e dRr3ha aura balavAna haiM, aura ve saba zAkAhArI haiN| -cArlsa DAravina
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________________ 14 ] merA anubhava hai ki mAMsahAra kI apekSA zAkAhArI 10 varSa adhika jI sakatA hai / -mi0 horesa grIle san 1908 I0 meM prasiddha vidyuta-zAstrajJa e. I0 verisa ne 25 varSa lagAtAra apanI prayogazAlA meM parizrama karane ke anantara siddha kiyA hai ki saba prakAra ke phala aura mevoM meM eka prakAra kI bijalI bharI huI hai, jisase zarIra kA pUrNa rUpa se poSaNa hotA hai| -e0 I0 verisa (hama sau varSa kaise jIveM) manuSya ke jIvana pAlana-poSaNa ke lie jisa vastu kI AvazyakatA hai, vaha saba banaspati dvArA prApta ho sakatI haiN| -pro0 johana re, epha. Ara. esa. Apa yaha nizcita rUpa se samajha lIjie ki 'mAMsa' manuSya kA bhojana nahIM hai / prAcIna granthoM meM rAkSasoM va daityoM Adi ko mAMsAhArI batAyA hai| isase yaha sUcita hotA hai ki 'mAMsabhojI' kI antaravRttiyAM rAkSasI ho jAtI haiM / krUratA, lolupatA, kaThoratA aura pratikSaNa ugratA, ye saba mAMsAhAra ke duSpariNAma haiM jo mana para hote haiM / saMsAra meM agara ahiMsA, prema, satya, dayA evaM brahmacarya tathA maitrI kA pracAra karanA hai, to sabase pahale manuSya ko zAkAhArI bananA hogA / zAkAhAra ke pracAra ke binA ahiMsA aura dayA kaise phala-phala sakegI ? -AcArya zrI vijayaballamasUri "Apako apanI dhAraNA banAnI cAhie ki mai Apake vizvAsa kA pAtra hU~ yA nhiiN| maiM ise vizvAsa kahatA hU~ kyoMki maiM zarIravijJAna sambandhI tarkoM kA kama Adara karatA hU~ jinheM hama jar3avAdI siddhAnta se zikSita yuga ko sambodhita karate haiM / jaba taka hama zuddha manovijJAna kA vijJAna vikasita nahIM kara lete hama adhyAtma-vidhA taka nahIM phuNceNge| vaha pratyeka vastu, jo kabhI manuSya ne khAI hai, kala dharatI se haTA lI jAe, yahAM taka ki manuSya bhakSaNa bhI vAdhita ho...."hama bhUkha se nahIM mreNge| lAzoM ko khAnA kitanA anAvazyaka aura mUrkhatApUrNa haiN| saba para vicAreM jo isameM antanihita hai...70 varSa se bhI adhika zAkAhArI rahane ke viSaya meM mujhe kucha bhI nahIM kahanA hai| pariNAma logoM ke sAmane haiN|" -jArja barnArDazA "maiM nadI kI ora dekha rahA thA, acAnaka maiMne dekhA "bahuta gahare vikSobha se bharI eka bhaddI-sI cir3iyA pAnI meM sAmane ke kinAre kA rAstA banA rahI thii| maiMne mAlUma kiyA vaha eka pAlatU murgI thI jo ki choTI kiztI meM trAsadAyaka bhaya se mukta hone ke lie takhte para se kUda gaI thI aura aba unmatta hokara pAra jAne kA yatna kara rahI thii| vaha lagabhaga kinAre para pahuMca gaI thI, tabhI apane nirdayI pIchA karane vAle ke paMjoM meM daboca lI gaI / gardana se pakar3a kara prasannatA ke sAtha vApisa lAI gii| maiMne rasoiye se kahA- maiM bhojana meM koI mAMsa nahIM luuNgaa| hama mAMsa nigala jAte haiM, kyoMki nirdaya aura pApapUrNa kArya jo hama karate haiM, usa para socate nhiiN| aneka duSkarma aise haiM jo svayaM manuSya dvArA nirmita haiM jisakA anyAya unheM apane svabhAva, riyAja aura paramparA se bhinna karatA hai|" -ravIndranAtha Taigora
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________________ [ 35 saMsAra ke mahAna gaNitajJa aura bhautika vid AiMsTIna "vejiTeriyana vAca TAvara" ke sampAdaka ko preSita 27 disambara 30 ke apane patra meM likhate haiM-"hAlAMki vAhya paristhitiyAM zAkAhArI pathya ke kaThora nirvAha karane meM mujhe rokatI rahIM, maiM lambe samaya se saiddhAntika rUpa se Apake uddezya kA anucara rahA huuN| Apake saundarya zAstrIya aura naitika uddezyoM se sahamata hote hue bhI merA vicAra yaha hai ki zAkAhArI jIvana paddhati manuSya svabhAva para apane pUrNa zArIrika prabhAva dvArA sarvAdhika lAbhaprada rUpa meM mAnava samudAya ko prabhAvita kregii|" -albarTa AInsTIna alpAhArI kAmagAra, prANI cIra-phAr3a virodhI, zAnti ke samarthaka, mAtAe~ aura saMsAra ke acche abhiprAya vAle lAkhoM kAryakartA sabhI zUnya para AghAta karate hue apanI zakti kA apavyaya kara rahe haiM jaba taka ki ve usa bAta kI jar3a ko lakSya na banA leM jo Aja hamAre saMsAra ko kisI bhI anya cIja kI apekSA mAMsa ke upayoga se adhika dUSita kara rahI haiN| ye sabhI burAiyAM mAMsAhArI kI zarIra-prakriyA meM vidyamAna jahara se poSita hotI haiM aura unake dvArA protsAhita kI jAtI haiM jo ina burAIyoM ko vyAvasAyika rUpa dete haiN| zarAbI apane bhItara kI lipsA dvArA hI zarAbI banAyA jAtA hai| koI kaha sakatA hai..."nahIM, vaha sAthiyoM dvArA zarAbI banAyA gayA hai|" usake adhika U~ce Adarza jo the, vaha tathya rahatA hai, usake apane sAthI use prabhAvita karane meM asamartha rheNge| vaha apanI mUrkhatA meM madyasAra aura uttejaka padArthoM kA vyavasAya karane vAloM dvArA hI protsAhita kiyA jAtA hai, jinakA vaha upayoga karatA hai| icchA-zakti se usakI lipsA vaza meM karanI par3atI hai, jo pazu-viSa lene se zarIra-prakriyA meM utpanna huI aura khulepana aura usa jaise sAthiyoM ke kAraNa hI vistRta huii| magara yaha bhojana usakI icchA-zakti chIna letA hai| ye viSa lete raheM aura ye pralobhana bane rahate haiN| taba ye mUrkhatA aura nukasAnaprada rUpa meM prakaTa hote haiM jaise ki ve hote haiM jaba taka ki prANa-nAzaka kAraNa dUra nahIM kiyA jaataa| kama se kama nabbe pratizata ghaTanAoM meM prArthanA, AMsU aura bhaya kA kisI bhI taraha kA koI upayoga nahIM hotA hai aura zeSa dasa pratizata meM nau para hI asthAI asara hotA hai| -20 ela0 preTa (sampArakara amerikana vejiTeriyana) dasa AdamiyoM ke nirvAha yogya mAMsa kI prApti ke lie pazuoM ko pAlane aura unheM hRSTa-puSTa banAne ke lie jitanI jamIna meM yadi maTara, jau, bAjarA, anAja Adi kI khetI kI jAye to sau AdamiyoM ke nirvAha yogya bhojana prApta ho sakatA hai| -hamabolTa hamArI nasla (manuSya-jAti) ke lie mAMsAhAra anupayukta hai| agara hama pazuoM se apane ko U~cA mAnate haiM, to phira unakI nakala karane meM bhUla karate haiN| yaha bAta anubhava-siddha hai ki jinheM Atma-saMyama iSTa ho unake lie mAMsAhAra anupayukta hai-nazvara zarIra ko sajAne ke lie, usakI umra bar3hAne ke lie hama aneka prANiyoM kI bali dete haiN| usase zarIra aura AtmA donoM kA hanana hotA hai| dharma mujhe mAMsa athavA aNDe khAne kI AjJA nahIM detaa| - sahI yA galata ho, para merA dhArmika vizvAsa yahI hai ki manuSya mAMsa, aNDA va anya prakAra ke mAMsa na khaayeN| yahAM taka ki manuSya ko apane ko jIvita rakhane ke liye bhI eka hada se jyAdA gaira jummedArI ke sAdhana istemAla nahIM karanA caahie| jIvana ko surakSita rakhane ke lie bhI nikRSTa upAyoM kA avalambana nahIM karanA
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________________ cAhiye / jahA~ taka maiM dharma ko samajha pAyA hU~ vaha yahI hai ki dharma mujhakoM aise avasaroM para bhI jabaki jIvanamaraNa kA saMkaTa upasthita ho mAMsa athavA aNDA khAne kI AjJA nahIM detaa| mAMsa mizrita kharAka khAne vAloM ke pIche aneka roga lage rahate haiN| bahutere bAhara se dekhane meM nIroga bhI jAna par3ate haiN| hamAre zarIra ke saba avayava aura gaThana dekhane se yaha pratyakSa ho jAtA hai ki hama mAMsa khAne ke liye paidA nahIM hue| DAkTara kiMgsaphorDa aura hega ne mAMsa kI khurAka se zarIra para hone vAle bure asara ko bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa se batalAyA hai| ina donoM ne yaha bAta sAbita kara dI hai ki dAla khAne se jo esiDa paidA hotA hai, vahIM esiDa mAMsa khAne se banatA yA paidA hotA hai| mAMsa khAne se dAtoM ko hAni pahu~catI hai, saMdhivAta ho jAtA hai| yahIM taka basa nahIM, isake khAne se manuSyoM meM krodha utpanna hotA hai| hamArI ArogyatA kI vyAkhyA anusAra krodhI manuSya niroga nahIM ginA jA sktaa| kevala mAMsabhojiyoM ke bhojana para vicAra karane kI jarUrata nahIM, unakI dazA aisI adhama hai ki usakA khyAla kara hama mAMsa khAnA kabhI pasanda nahIM kara skte| mAMsAhArI kabhI nIroga nahIM kahe jA skte| -mahAtmA gAMdhI phira se kahatA hU~ ki mujhe nirAmiSa AhAra hI pasanda hai| hama logoM ne (maiMne, mere pitA zrI ne, yA unake pitAjI ne) kabhI mAMsa nahIM khaayaa| pazu-pakSI kA mAMsa to choDa dIjiye. machaliyA~ bhI nahIM khAyI haiM. na: haiN| AiMdA bhI aisA AhAra khAne kI na icchA hai, na sNbhaavnaa| prANiyoM ko mAra kara unakA mAMsa khAne kI upekSA maiM bhUkhe mara jAnA pasanda kruuNgaa| yaha hai merI niSThA / -kAkA kAlelakara merA vizvAsa hai ki Aja bhAratavarSa meM yadi sabhI loga mAMsa bhakSaNa chor3a deM to ye sAmpradAyika aura jAtIya kalaha eka dama dUra ho jaayeN| bhAratIyoM ke liye mAMsa bhakSaNa kabhI kalyANa kAraka nahIM ho sakatA, sAtvika annAhAra aura phalAhAra se mastiSka jitanA hI zAnta hokara kArya karatA hai mAMsAhAra se utanA hI uttejita rahatA hai| -vaidha hanumAna prasAda zarmA prAkRtika niyama samaya-samaya nahIM badale jA skte| eka acche kAma kA acchA phala milatA hai aura bure kAma kA burA phala milatA hai / yaha karma siddhAnta hai / isa karma siddhAnta ke anusAra prakRti kA yaha niyama bhI lAgU hotA hai ki yadi koI kisI jIva kI itizrI karatA hai, yAnI usake jIvana kA anta kara detA hai to usa pApa kA bhAgI vahI kukarma karane vAlA hotA hai| ataH prakRti ke isa niyama ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue mAMsa aura aNDe mata khAo jisase ki jIvana kA anta hI ho jAtA hai yAnI mAra DAlA jAtA hai| -DA. va. ja. jayasUrya, sIlona silavesTara, grehama, pro0 esa0 pholara, je. epha-nyUTana, je0 smitha, DA0 o0 e0 alavara hiDakalenDa, cIna, lemba vakAna, TrejI, o0 lAsa, pemvarTana, hyaITelA ityAdi kaI DAkTaroM, pravINa cikitsakoM ne aneka dRr3hatara pramANoM se siddha kiyA hai ki mAMsa machalI khAne se zarIra vyAdhi maMdira ho jAtA hai| yakRta, yakSmA, rAja yakSmA, magI, pAdazotha, vAtaroga, saMdhivAta (Rheumatism), nAsUra (Caneer) aura kSaya roga (Consumption) Adi roga utpanna ho jAte haiM, jisase manuSya ko dAruNa duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| prazaMsita DAkTaroM ne pratyakSa udAharaNa dvArA yaha pragaTa kiyA hai ki mAMsa machalI khAnA chor3a dene se manuSya ke utkaTa roga samUla naSTa ho gaye haiM, ve hRSTa-puSTa ho
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________________ [ 37 jAte haiM / DA0 esa0 grahemana, DablyU0 esa0 phUlara, DA0 pArmalI, lemba, byAnisTara, brelara je0 poTarra, e0 je0 nAiTa aura je0 smitha ityAdi DAkTara svayaM mAMsa khAnA chor3A dene para yakSmA, atisAra, ajIrNatA aura mRgI Adi rogoM se vimukta hokara sabala aura parizramI hue haiM / imI prakAra unhoMne anya rogiyoM ko mAMsa chur3A kara acchA tandurusta kiyA hai evaM kaI DAkTaroM ne apane parivAra meM mAMsa khAnA chur3A diyA hai| jApAna sarakAra ne apanI prajA ke lie Arogyavardhaka niyama prakAzita kiye / usake dUsare niyama meM yaha likhA hai ki-acchA anAja, phala, zAka aura gAya kA tAjA dUdha tuma apanI nitya kI khurAka meM istemAla kro| mAMsa bilkula nahIM khAnA, gAya kA dUdha jahAM taka ho sake usakA adhika upayoga karanA, aura anna khUba cabAkara gale se nIce utaarnaa| iMglaiNDa sarakAra kI ora se briTiza borDa Apha egrIkalcara ne tA0 11-11-15 ke TAimsa Apha iNDiyA dvArA anna, phala aura zAka ke mahatva sambandhI eka lekha se aMgrejI prajA ko cetAvanI dI thI ki 'mAMsAhAra chor3akara usake badale dUdha, panIra, AlU, aura masUra kI dAla grahaNa karo, jo mAMsa kI khurAka kI taraha hI zarIra meM mAMsa paidA karate haiM / mAMsAhAra jaise zarIra kI zakti aura himmata kama karatA hai, evaM taraha-taraha kI bImAriyoM kA mUla kAraNa hai vaise hI banaspatyAhAra ke sAtha kamatAkatI Darapokapana aura bImAriyoM kA koI sambandha nahIM hai|'
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________________ zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA itihAsa jyophrI ela0 rUDa janarala sekreTarI, iNTaranezanala vejITeriyana yUniyana jahA~ taka likhita AlekhoM kA sambandha hai, aitihAsika zAkAhArI siddhAnta samaya kI aspaSTatA taka jAtA hai aura vizva ke sarvAdhika asAdhAraNa bauddhikoM aura sudhArakoM ne siddhAnta rUpa meM mAMsa rahita pathya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / alakjeMDriyA ke vilameMTa ke anusAra prAcIna mizra ke pujAriyoM ne mAMsa khAdya kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| brAhmaNa, jaina aura jarathusiyana dharmoM kI bhI, jinakI utpatti kI tithi ajJAta hai, yahI mAnyatA hai / pazcimI saMsAra meM zAkAhAriyoM kA prathama samUha nizcita rUpa se pethAgorasa ke anuyAyiyoM se banA, jisane IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI ke grIsa ko advitIya rUpa se jhakajhorA / hAvarDa viliyamsa ne apanI 'epiksa Apha DAiTa' nAmaka vidvattApUrNa pustaka meM zAkAhArI sAhitya kI khoja se IsA pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI meM mAMsa rahita pathya kA mUlyAMkana jJApita kiyA / IsA pUrva pAMcavI zatAbdI meM empIDokasa ne paithAgorasa kI paramparAoM ko banAe rkhaa| pleTo ke darzana ko paithAgoratha ke darzana kI agalI zrRMkhalA mAnA jA sakatA hai / IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM buddhadharma ke anuyAyI bhAratIya samrATa azoka ne apane rAjya meM manuSya aura pazuoM ke lie samAna cikitsA kI vyavasthA karavA dI thii| IsA ke samaya taka aneka dhArmika saMsthAoM aura samUhoM ne tapasvI jIvana apanA kara mAMsAhAra kA tyAga kiyA thA, ploTinasa, apoloniyasa, poraphayarI, senekA, oviDa, DAyojenisa, sukarAta, plUTArka Adi viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko mahatvapUrNa zAkAhAriyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai / isake bAda milTana, popa, zele, rUso, thoro, vAlTeyara, Aijaka nyUTana ke anusAra bhI mAMsAhAra vikasita vicAra prakriyA ke lie anAvazyaka hI nahIM, bAdhaka rahA hai / san 1842 I0 meM 'vejeTeriyana' zabda ke prakAza meM Ane ke bAda pUrNarUpa se mAMsarahita AhAra ke prasAra ke lie san 1847 I0 meM mAMcesTara meM eka dharmanirapekSa saMgaThana 'da vejeTeriyana sosAiTI' kI sthApanA huI, parantu isakA zreya bhI san 1809 meM revareMDa viliyamsa kAuharDa dvArA sthApita 'bAibala krizciyana carca sAlaphorDa' ko diyA jAnA cAhie / da vejeTeriyana sosAyaTI kI hIraka jayantI ke avasara para nIsa ke DI0 anajoDa kI preraNA se 1908 I0 meM nIsa meM hI prathama antarrASTrIya zAkAhArI saMsthA kI kAnphreMsa sampanna huI / 1950 I0 taka inTaranezanala vejiTeriyana yUniyana' kA kArya mAnadarUpa meM hotA rahA para keliphorniyA kI zrImatI klerensa gAsvyU kI udAratA svarUpa
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________________ landana meM isakA sthAyI kAryAlaya banA aura aphrIkA, arjeMTAinA, DenmArka, phrAMsa, bhArata, malAyA, nyUjIlaiMDa, amerikA, kanADA, sviTajaralaiMDa Adi aneka dezoM meM isakI zAkhAe~ sthApita huI aura aba yaha eka niyamita Andola ke rUpa meM cala rahA hai| 'inTaranezanala vejiTeriyana yUniyana' ko saMyuktarASTra saMgha ke mahatvapUrNa vibhAga 'yUnesko' aura 'epha0 e0 o.' se mAnyatA prApta hai| pazcimI dezoM meM zAkAhAra pracAra karane vAlI pramukha saMsthAe~ : 1. dI ArDara Afa dI golDena eja, landana (iMglaiMDa) 2. dI vejiTeriyana sosAiTI (iMglaMDa) 3. dI nezanala enTI-vivisekzana lIga, landana (iMglaiMDa) . 4. dI landana vejiTeriyana sosAiTI, landana (iMglaiMDa) 5. dI phUDa ejukezana sosAiTI, landana (iMglaiMDa) 6. dI livarapUla vejiTeriyana sosAiTI (iMglaiMDa) 7. dI skATiza vejiTeriyana sosAiTI, glAsago (skATalaiMDa) 8. dI nATiMghama vejiTeriyana sosAiTI, nATiMghama (iMglaiMDa) 9. dI jarmana vejiTeriyana sosAiTI phraiMkapharna (jaramanI) 10. dI amarIkana hyUmena ejukezana sosAiTI, saMyukta rAjya amarIkA 11. dI TorenTo resakyU lIga, bosTana (amarIkA) 12. dI amarIkata hyUmena esosiyezana, saM0 rA. (amarIkA) 13. dI nArtha amarIkana vejiTeriyana sosAiTI 14. dI varlDa vejiTeriyana kAMgresa 15. inTaranezanala vejiTeriyana yUniyana
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________________ saMsAra ke vibhinna dezoM meM zAkAhAra pracAra antarrASTrIya zAkAhArI saMgha 1908 I0 meM iNTaranezanala zAkAhArI yUniyana kI prathama baiThaka jorjesa AjAU ke prastAva para DresaDana meM huI thii| vejiTeriyana sosAyaTI' iMglaiMDa ke saciva albarTa broDaveTa dvArA saMcAlita isa baiThaka meM phrAMsa, nArve, hAlaiMDa aura jaramanI ke pratinidhi upasthita the| 1910 I0 meM braselsa meM haI tIsarI kAMgresa meM prati tIsare varSa Ayojita karane kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| isI ke phalasvarUpa 1913 I0 meM hega meM adhivezana sampanna huaa| para san 1914-18 I. ke prathama mahAyuddha ke kAla meM isakI koI gatividhi nahIM rhii| yUM kahanA upayukta hogA, yuddha ke kAraNa do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gaI yUropIya saMsthA, jisakA aba taka jur3Ava nahIM ho pAyA hai| yuddha aura yUddhAMtara pariNAmoM se trasta rahI aura dasa varSa taka isa sabhyatA kA koI kArya nahIM ho pAyA / svIDana ke prabuddha zAkAhArI je. ela0 sekzana ke pradhAna Atithya meM 1923 meM sTAka homa meM phira kAMgresa hii| 1927 I0 meM landana meM, 1929 meM cekosloviyA meM, 1932 I0 meM haimbarga meM, 1935 I0 DenmArka aura 1938 I0 meM nArve meM hue adhivezanoM se yUropa meM yaha Andolana phira phailA / dUsare mahAyuddha ke kAraNa punaH 9 varSa kA vyavadhAna aayaa| 'majadAja' Andolana kI netA zrImatI gI-kya ke prabhUta anudAna ke phalasvarUpa saMsthA ke pradhAna kAryAlaya meM pUrNakAlika saciva kI vyavasthA huii| jAna hanavartha vAkara ke prayatnoM se saMsthA ko saMyukta rASTrasaMgha aura khAdya evaM kRSi saMgaThana se mAnyatA milii| 22vAM antarrASTrIya zAkAhArI sammelana 28 julAI 1973 se 4 agasta 1973 taka ronabI (svIDana) meM sampanna huaa| prazna uTha sakatA hai ki Akhira antarrASTrIya zAkAhArI saMgha kyA upalabdha karanA cAhatA hai ? niHsandeha vaha eka aise vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karanA cAhatA hai jisameM ve loga paraspara jur3ate haiM jo janma athavA sthAna kI suvidhA ke kAraNa anAyAsa hI minna nahIM bana jAte; jo bahudhA bhinna bhASA-bhASI va vibhinna rASTroM ke vAsI hote haiM; kintu jo eka lakSya ke lie jUjhe hue haiM; aura / jinakI AzA, bhaya va bhAvanAoM meM ekarUpatA hai| isakA pramukha kArya hai zAkAhArI AcaraNa, jAnakArI va AdarzoM ke vistAra ko sambhava banAnA / isa AMdolana ne nizcaya hI kucha mahAna sudhAroM ko poSita kiyA hai aura yaha una saMgaThita prayAsoM kA nirantara gavAha rahA hai, jo acche svAsthya, Arogya, avicala santoSa, karuNA evaM zAnti ke lie kiye jAte rahe haiM / isakI pramukha upayogitA meM se eka hai, antarrASTrIya maitrI ko aura antarjAtIya sambandhoM ko pragAr3ha banAnA / amerikA yadi zAkAhAra kA artha hai, zAka-sabjiyoM, phaloM Adi kA pramukha upayoga kiyA jAnA, to kahA jA sakatA hai ki amerikA gati se isa dizA meM bar3ha rahA hai / yadyapi mAMsa yahAM kA pramukha khAdya hai phira bhI amerikI svecchA se kaI dina mAMsa kA prayoga nahIM krte|
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________________ [ 41 DA0 DI0 i0 lena va DA0 ema0 esa0 roja ne vikalpa ke rUpa meM "lekTI -obulo-vejITeriyana" AhAra prastuta karane ke lie kAphI zrama kiyA hai / yaha pUrNataH 'vegana' AhAra hai / amerikana meDIkala janarala va dharma sambandhI patrikAoM meM vaijJAnika zodhakartAoM kI isa sandarbha kI khojoM kA vivaraNa prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai / ataH DAkTara lena kA zizu AhAra va bAlakoM ke lie dugdhAhAra jo soyAbIna ke ATe se va anya anna se prApta kiyA jAtA hai auSadhi vyavasAya meM bahuta pracArita hai / kha --- 5 isI prakAra eka viziSTa prayoga kA havAlA 'rIDarsa DAijesTa' meM diyA gayA hai, jisake antargata kRtrima mAMsa banAye jAne kI vyavasthA hai / kaI svAsthyaprada AhAra ke nirmAtA 'naTa rosTa' Adi banAte haiM jise mAMsa kI hI taraha parosA jA sakatA hai / zAkAhAra kI pAka - vidhiyoM kA sAhitya bar3I tAdAda meM bikatA hai / yaha darzAtA hai ki amerikA ke loga sabjiyoM ke salAda, phalAhAra Adi kI ora pravRtta ho rahe haiM aura mAMsa kA upayoga kama hotA jA rahA hai / zAkAhAra itanA vistAra pA cukA hai ki mAMsa vikretA apane utpAdanoM ke lie adhika vijJApana va pralobhana dene ko bAdhya ho rahe haiN| yU~ to amerikA meM eka zAkAhArI saMgha zurU meM lagabhaga 15 varSa taka nyUyArka meM kArya karatA rahA, kintu vyavasthita rUpa se AyaralaiMDa kI zrImatI mArgareTa kajina ne zrI menaveka ke sahayoga se 1932 meM zAkAhArI saMgha kI vidhivata sthApanA kii| zrI julsa eca0 blajesa, henarI rAphyU, meTA parIrA Adi amerikA meM zAkAhAra pracAra hetu sakriya haiN| revareMDa viliyama maiTakAma isa Andolana ke saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiM / taba kA boyA bIja aba pallavita puSpita hokara deza bhara meM apanI surabhi phailA rahA hai / amerikA ke loga aba svAsthya sandarbha meM kAphI jAgarUka ho cuke haiM / - Deniyala pI. Apharmana kanADA ToreNTo vejiTeriyana asosiyezana 1945 meM gaThita huA / yaha gaThana pro0 Arthara epha0 sTIvensana ke AvAsa para ekatrita zAkAhAriyoM ke madhya sampanna huA / kepheToriyA va restrAoMoM meM Ayojita hone vAlI isakI baiThakoM meM zAkAhAra ke samarthaka vibhinna pahaluoM para carcA karate haiM / 1949 meM kanADiyana vejiTeriyana yUniyana kI sthApanA huI kanADiyana va amerikana zAkAhArI samarthakoM meM pArasparika melajola hai / inake bIca vistRta patrAcAra hotA hai| kanADiyana niyamita rUpa se amerikana necarala hAijina sosAiTI ke sammelanoM meM bhAga lete haiM / prakhyAta AhAra - zAstrajJoM ke sAragarbhita pravacanoM se kanADAvAsI lAbhAnvita hote haiM / patra-patrikAoM meM zAkAhAra ke prati logoM kI rujhAna unake likhe patnoM se jhalakatI hai| jina kSetroM meM vyavasthita zAkAhArI saMgha nahIM haiM vahAM vyApaka pracAra kiyA jAtA hai va pU~cha-parakha karane vAloM ko sAhitya Adi bhejA jAtA hai / svAsthyaprada vastuoM ke sTorsa haiM / kanADiyana vejiTeriyana yUniyana ke sadasya vizva bhara meM apane mitroM, paricitoM ke sAtha milakara zAkAhAra ke vistAra meM saMlagna haiM / ve ise nirdayatA, yuddha va anyAya ko rokane tathA bandhutva va zAnti kI pratisthApanA ke lie Avazyaka kadama mAnate haiM / - ivA ema. baDa
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________________ 42 ] greTa briTena 1908 I. ke lagabhaga mAMcesTara meM zAkAhArI Andolana prArambha haa| yadyapi prArambhika AdhAra dhArmika AcArika hI rahe, parantu kucha samaya pazcAt zAkAhArI Andolana ke samarthakoM ne ise svAsthya aura artha sambandhI AdhAroM para vikAsa diyaa| isakA sArA zreya 1809 meM sthApita bAibala krizciyana carca ko diyA haiN| 1847 I0 aura 1888 I0 se zAkAhArI Andolana kI do saMsthAeM apane-apane DhaMga se kArya kara rahI haiM tathA 7 janavarI 1888 I0 ko vejiTeriyana patrikA kA pahalA aMka prakAzita huA thA, jisakI ghoSaNA thI - "isa patra kA nAma hI khAnapAna ke Adarza kI ghoSaNA kA sUcaka hai para isakA kSetra mAna pathyAcAra ke sudhAra ke siddhAMtoM kI ghoSaNA taka hI sImiti nahIM rahegA, yaha una Avazyaka sthitiyoM kA bhI sRjana karatA rahegA, jinase Adarza kI prApti ho, pahale zArIrika phira mAnasika aura taba AdhyAtmika jIvana kii|" yaha apane lekhoM, gambhIra vicAroM, rocaka vArtAoM ke mAdhyama se zAkAhAra kA pracAra karatA rahA hai| briTena ke suprasiddha dainika samAcArapatra "mirara" ne zAkAhAra ke Andolana para nimna zabdoM meM apanI pratikriyA vyakta kI thI "kulIna parivAroM ke sadasyoM meM zAkAhArI siddhAMta isa taraha lokapriya ho gayA hai ki koI bhI zAnadAra bhojana alaga bhojana sUcI "pheDa Diseja" ke binA pUrA nahIM hotaa|" --jemsa ho skATa laiNDa skATiza zAkAhArI saMgha kI sthApanA 1892 meM huI / aranAlDa epha hilsa ne isameM bahuta sahayoga diyA, aura 1897 meM jAna pI0 elana ne eca0 esa0 bAthageTa va dugAlDa sempala ke sahayoga se isameM advitIya abhi vRddhi kii| -jemsa ho AyaralaiNDa yahAM zAkAhAra pracAra kA kArya bahuta jaTila thaa| aise adhikArI jo samaya de sakeM, anubhavI va utsAhI hoM, mila pAnA muzkila thA, kintu aba yahAM yaha Andolana jora pakar3a cukA hai / jemsa dampati dvArA bhArata meM DA. enIbisenTa ke sAtha 1915 meM kArya karane ke pUrva Dabalina meM inakI saMgharSamaya zuruAta kI gaI va belaphAsTa meM isake prasAra kA zreya viliyama DA0 kAjinsa ko diyA jAtA hai| aba to briTena meM zAkAhArI pracAra Adhunikatama sAdhanoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, jinameM TI. vI. bhI sammilita hai / logoM meM isake bAre meM jAnane kI utsukatA hai va isa bAbata prayoga karane kI tatparatA bhI hai| kaI restarAM va AhAra saMsthAna khula cuke haiN| isake lie vibhinna samitiyAM kAryarata haiN| -jemsa ho jApAna zAkAhArI siddhAMta aprAkRta ho gaI sabhyatA kA upacAra hai / 'jIne ke lie saMgharSa' muktaudyogI samAja kA nArA rahA hai aura sudUra pUrva meM pichale assI barSoM se mukta udyoga ke lie jApAna agalI pAMta meM rahA hai, vizeSa
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________________ [ 43 rUpa se dvitIya mahAyuddha ke bAda se / paccIsa varSoM meM isa tejI se vaha eka Arthika zakti ho gayA hai ki usake apane hI loga kucha samaya pUrva taka bhI audyogika aura prakRtipara dUSaNa se jo parivartana hogA usa pakSa ke prabhAvoM para gaharAI se nahIM soca pAye haiN| jApAna aba jAgRta ho rahA hai| vaha 'jIvana ke lie saMgharSa' ke nAre ke sthAna para 'jIvana ke lie saMtulana' ke nAre kI sthApanA ko 1980 kI sabhyatA kA lakSya mAnakara uTha rahA hai| yUropa mAMsAhAra kA prabhAva kendra rahA hai aura eziyA kI tathAkathita pragati kA aguA hone ke kAraNa jApAna ne bhI yUropa kI AdatoM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| pahale jApAnI mukhya rUpa se zAkAhArI pe aura amerikana eDamirala parI ke pahuMcane taka adhika mAtrA meM zAka-sabjI kI kRSi meM pracuratA se svanirbhara the| usI zatAbdI meM jApAna yUropa aura uttarI amerikA ke logoM ke mAMsAhAra ke tarIke kI nakala karane vAle deza meM badala gayA / magara taba bhI jIvanta darzana ke do svarUpa deza meM apanA saha-astitva banAe hue haiM-eka zaharavAsiyoM meM dikhAI detA hai jo sAmAnyataH satahI-chalapUrNa tarIkoM se Arthika lAbha ke pichalaggU hote haiM, dUsarA caravAhI jIvana meM vizeSa rUpa se strI jAti meM dikhAI detA hai jahAM zAnta gRha-svAmI zAkAhArI hote haiM / isa kAraNa zaharI kSetra meM kisI videzI paryaTaka ko zAkAhArI AvAsa athavA AhAra pratiSThAna prApta karane meM kaThinAI ho sakatI hai, parantu grAmINa jiloM meM jApAnI paddhati ke atithi-ghara aura sarAya prApta kara lenA bahuta sahaja hai| ___ jApAna meM zAkAhArI siddhAnta (dhArmika aura AcArika bhI) kA vyApaka stara para sAdhAraNa jana meM to thor3A hI jhukAva hai, magara bauddhikoM dvArA mAnasika, poSaNika aura cikitsA vijJAna ke lie vizeSa rUpa se upacArAtmaka guNoM ke lie isakI zodha kI jAtI hai| aise anekoM svAsthyAlaya haiM jahAM zAkAhArI suvidhAeM cikitsakoM dvArA prAkRtika cikitsA ke AdhAra para upalabdha karAI jAtI haiN| -DA. masAkAju TaTADA nIdara laNDa (hAlaiNDa) eka karor3a tIna lAkha kI AbAdI vAle isa deza meM zAkAhArI honA koI kaThina kAma nahIM hai / hAlaiNDa meM dUdha kI banI vastueM,phala aura zAka-sabjiyA~ pracuratA se upalabdha haiN| vahAM ke adhikAMza cikitsaka bhI yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki dUdha Adi ke zAkAhArI pathya se svAsthya ko kisI bhI prakAra kA khatarA nahIM hotaa| . isa deza meM bAraha hajAra zAkAhArI haiM / Daca zAkAhArI samAja kI sadasya saMkhyA bhI do hajAra pA~ca sau hai| inameM aneka aise bhI haiM jo dUdha kI banI kisI bhI vastU athavA aNDe kA bhI upayoga nahIM krte| isake atirikta lagabhaga assI zAkAhArI logoM kA eka aura samUha hai jo svatantra rUpa se kArya karatA hai aura eka mAsika patrikA kA prakAzana bhI karatA hai| hAlaiNDa ke pUrvI bhAga meM kasbe ke karIba khUbasUrata jaMgalI vAtAvaraNa meM vRddhoM ke lie eka sundara AvAsa gRha bhI hai jisameM assI aura nabbe varSa kI Ayu ke vRddha loga rahate haiN| hara eka ke lie alaga phleTa hai / bhojana kendrIya rasoI ghara meM banatA hai| sabhI eka-dUsare ke prati sadbhAva rakhate haiN| choTe-choTe kArya bhI karate haiN| ye saba sAmAjika kAryoM meM bhI bhAga lete haiM / san 1894 I0 meM sthApita isa saMsthA ne 1968 I. meM vRddhoM ke lie naye AvAsa gRha kA nirmANa krvaayaa| .
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________________ kha - 5 44 ] isI saMsthA ke tatvAvadhAna meM san 1971 meM hAlaiNDa meM 21vIM zAkAhArI kAMgresa sampanna huI, jisameM 27 dezoM ke tIna so pratinidhiyoM ne bhAga liyA / yaha saMsthA apanI mAsika patrikA dvArA zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA prasAra karatI hai / svAsthya, AcAra aura Arthika pakSoM se sambandhita gambhIra lekha niyamita rUpa se prakAzita kiye jAte haiM / yaha saMsthA aneka kAryoM ke atirikta surakSA vibhAga se bhI vyApaka patrAcAra karatI hai tAki senA se sambandhita logoM ko jo apane antara kI AvAja mAnate haiM, zAkAhAra niyamita milatA rahe / hAlaiNDa kA zAkAhArI saMgaThana pazuoM kI cIra-phAr3a virodhI, pazu-saMrakSaNa, prAkRtika jIvana sambandhI aneka saMgaThanoM se sambandhita hai / - zrImatI DabalyU. Aikana ma bra. kamena iTalI iTalI meM zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA Arambha pathAgorasa ke kAla meM hI ho jAtA hai / madhyayuga meM asIsI ke santa phrAMsisa ne svayaM mAMsAhAra se paraheja kiyA hI, sAtha hI bhojana ke lie pazuoM kI hatyA rukavAne kA bhI mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA / phAsiSTa hiMsA ke samaya meM gAMdhI ke udAharaNa kI preraNA se punaH ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra kA Andolana zurU huA / phAsisTa AtaMka se mukti ke bAda iTalI meM sabhAoM aura sAhitya dvArA hiMsA ke viparIta vAtAvaraNa banA aura " e nAna vAyaleTa iTalI" nAmaka pustaka prakAzita huii| gAMdhI jI ke nirvANa divasa 30 janavarI 1952 ko pagiyA meM ahiMsA ke samarthakoM kI antarrASTrIya baiThaka huI aura pariNAma svarUpa 'senTara Apha iNTaranezanala koArDInezana phAra nAna vAyalensa' kI sthApanA huI, aura isI kendra dvArA Ayojita - prerita baiThaka ke pariNAma svarUpa 14 sitambara 1952 I0 meM "iTAliyana vejiTeriyana sosAyaTI" kI sthApanA huii| yaha sosAyaTI do mUla AdhAroM para kArya karatI hai - zAkAhArI siddhAnta ke abhyAsa ke lie AdhArabhUta kAraNoM kI khoja aura parIkSaNa tathA baccoM ko zikSA / AdhArabhUta kAraNoM kI khoja aura parIkSaNa - yaha sabhA zAkAhAra ko sabhI jIvita prANiyoM ke prati apane prema aura bhAvanA kI abhivyakti mAnatI hai| isakA dainandina abhyAsa aura nirvAha hI vyakti ko Antarika prakAza kI ora le jAtA hai aura mAnavIya vicAra aura karma ke isa darzana kI pratIti karavAtA hai / mAMsAhAra kI sArvajanIna Adata ke parityAga aura ahiMsA aura pazumAna ke prati pyAra kI bhAvanA jAgRta karane ke lie yaha sosAyaTI apratyakSa rUpa se prArambha se hI kArya karanA cAhatI hai / yaha saMsthA baccoM ke lie eka aisA kendra banAnA cAhatI hai jahAM baccoM ko ina saba bAtoM kA kriyAtmaka zikSaNa diyA jA sake / isa sabhA ne zAkAhAra kI sUcI, unake cayana, unake upayoga, vidhi Adi ke sambandha meM paricaya bhI prakAzita kie haiM, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka vyAvasAyika saMsthAnoM ne bhI zAka-sabjiyoM kA utpAdana bar3hAne kI ora dhyAna diyA hai / zAkAhArI siddhAnta ke pracAra-prasAra aura abhyAsa kI anya saMsthAoM ke bhI samparka meM yaha saMsthA hai / DenmArka kopenahegana ke cikitsaka DA0 mAikela lArsana ne 1896 meM Deniza vejiTeriyana sosAyaTI kI sthApanA kI / pezevara cikitsakoM aura mAMsAhAriyoM ke virodha ke bAvajUda isa saMsthA ko saphalatA milI aura 1907 meM
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________________ [ 45 isakI ora se mAsika patrikA kA prakAzana huA, jise kucha kAla bAda prasiddhi milii| eka samaya antarrASTrIya Saffron yUniyana ke mAnad saciva zrI olapha ijiroDa ne varSoM taka bhASaNa mAlAoM, pracAra-patroM aura pakavAna ke pradarzanoM se zAkAhAra ke Andolana ko gatizIla banAye rakhA / DA0 mikvala hi~DaheDe ne bhI zAkAhAra kA prabala pracAra kiyA / DA0 krisTIna nAlphI ne to kisI bhI prakAra pake hue bhojana ko asvIkArate hue kacce bhojana kI pairavI kii| isake aneka vyakti anuyAyI hue, para pake hue bhojana ko pUrI taraha asvIkAra kiye jAne ke kAraNa yaha Andolana adhika nahIM bar3ha sakA, phira bhI kula milAkara sAdhAraNa vyakti kI zAkAhAra ke prati ruci bar3hI / hAlaiNDa kha borDa Apa senTrala insTITyUTa ke rASTrIya evaM antarrASTrIya kArya mAnA jAtA hai adhyakSa zrI jI0 vAna neDarabIna ke zabdoM meM hAlaiMDa meM zAkAhAra ko yahI kAraNa haiM ki hAlaiMDa ke zAkAhArI saMsAra ke sabhI zAkAhAriyoM / se samanvaya aura sambandha banAe rakhane kA prayatna karate haiM / vartamAna ucca adhikAriyoM kI bhI yahI dhAraNA hai ki dugdha zAkAhAra ke rUpa meM kacce phaloM kA AhAra paryApta pathya hotA hai / kucha varSa pUrva kendrIya saMsthAna kI paristhApanA se yahAM ke zAkAhArI prasanna haiM, jahA~ ki zAkAhAra 'sambandhI viSayoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai aura anubhavoM kA AdAna-pradAna va samanvaya kiyA jAtA hai aura dUsare dezoM ke sAtha milakara isa kSetra meM adhika kArya karane aura mUlabhUta samasyAoM para vicAra aura unakA hala nikAlane kI utsukatA ko kriyAnvita rUpa dene kA yatna kiyA jAtA hai / hAlaiNDa ke zAkAhArI mAnate haiM ki isa taraha zAkAhArI siddhAnta ko vaijJAnika AdhAra diyA jA sakatA hai| nAveM nArve kI zAkAhArI gatividhiyoM ke viSaya meM amerikana meDIkala jarnala ke landana sthita saMvAdadAtA ne isa prakAra likhA hai - kucha varSa pUrva baccoM ko bhojana dene kA nayA tarIkA prastuta kiyA gayA / prayoga ke rUpa meM osalo ke skUla meM sAmAnya prakAra kA garma bhojana dene se alaga gharelU bhojana meM na rahane vAle tatvoM ko pUrA karane vAlA cunindA khAdya-padArthoM se banA nAztA baccoM ko diyA gyaa| pazu-proTIna ke abhAva kI pUrti bakarI ke dUdha va makkhana se kI gaI, jisase khanija padArtha aura proTIna prApta hue| viTAmina 'vI' namaka kI pUrti ke lie pUrNa rUpa se gehUM kI roTI dI gii| rakta roga jo ki uttarI dezoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se hotA hai, se bacAva svarUpa AdhA seba aura santarA diyA gyaa| viTAmina 'e' aura 'DI' ke lie makkhana, aura gAjara cukandara bhI diye gaye / yaha prayoga nitAnta saphala rhaa| yaha 'oslonAztA' iMgalaiMDa meM bhI diyA gayA jo pUrNarUpeNa santoSajanaka pAyA gayA - 'choTA baccA dizA dikhAegA' kI kahAvata ke anusAra AzA kI jAtI hai ki isa prakAra ke prayoga aura abhyAsa gharoM meM bhI niyamita hoMge aura bacce aura bUr3he donoM hI svastha raheMge / arjeNTAinA byUnasa Ayarsa arjeNTAinA meM zAkAhArI siddhAnta kA saMcAlana zAkAhArI saMgaThanoM ke sammilita saMgha dvArA sampanna huA / byUnarsa Ayarsa ke prAkRtika saMsthAna ke lagabhaga eka hajAra sadasya haiM / ye sabhI sadasya kriyAzIla haiM / isakA apanA sabhAgRha hai / prAkRtika vidhi-vidhAna ke lie bhI sthAna hai / pAThyakrama dvArA zAkAhArI
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________________ pathya ke nidezaka prazikSita kiye jAte haiN| zAkAhAra sambandhI pustakoM kA acchA pustakAlaya hai| byUnasa Ayarsa ke pAsa meralo nagara ke nikaTa khelakuda kA klaba hai| inakA zAkAhArI bhojana evaM snAnAgAra se yukta eka heltha hAusa bhI bana rahA hai / isa saMsthAna kA sahakArI AdhAra para kRSi-phArma bhI hai jo adUSita dhAna prApta karatA hai| yUniyana necaralisTA arajeMTAinA (yU0 ena0 e0) saMsthAna zAkAhAra sambandhI patrikA kA prakAzana bhI karatA hai| ukta nirmANa kArya meM isa saMsthAna ko aneka cikitsakoM, vicArakoM kA sahayoga prApta hai| suprasiddha cikitsaka DA0 aturoM kepaDivilA sakriya rUpa se saMlagna haiN| ijarAila ijarAila meM zanaiH-zanaiH kintu dRr3hatApUrvaka zAkAhArI paddhati kA jIvana apanI jar3e jamA rahA hai / ijarAyalI svastha rahanA cAhate haiM aura lagabhaga pratyeka vyakti svastha rahane hetu sAhitya kA adhyayana karatA hai| vahAM ke prAkRtika cikitsaka TyUmara, patharI Adi kaI jaTila rogoM ke nidAna meM paryApta saphalatA pA cuke haiM aura ye zAkAhAra ke zreSTha pracAraka haiN| saubhAgya se yahAM kI jalavAyu phala aura zAka-sabjI pracura mAtrA meM utpanna karane ke lie bahuta anukUla hai aura isIlie inheM loga adhika pasanda karate haiM, upayoga meM lAte haiN| mAMsa kA AyAta kiyA jAtA hai parantu usake prati logoM kI rujhAna nahIM hai, kyoMki usake nirmANa meM hatyA kA AdhAra liyA jAtA hai / ijarAiliyoM ko isa bAta kA phakhya hai ki do hajAra varSa pUrva unake purakhe vizuddha zAkAhArI the| ijarAiliyoM kA barmA va bhArata ke prati sadbhAvanA pUrNa mela jola hai| bhAratIya ahiMsaka saMskRti ke prati unameM kAphI sammAna kI bhAvanA hai| isa pArasparikatA kA ijarAyaliyoM para kAphI prabhAva par3A hai|
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________________ padArtha gehUM kA ATA makaI cAvala mUMga ur3ada arahara masUra bhunA maTara bhunA canA lobiyA bar3A soyAbIna bhaTabAMsa vAla methI jIrA dhaniyA bAdAma tAlikAe~ 1. zAkAhAra evaM mAMsAhAra ke pauSTika tatvoM kI tulanAtmaka tAlikA (a) zAkAhArI khAdya proTIna vasA ( sneha ) khanija lavaNa kArbohAiDreTsa kailaziyama lohA ( mi.grA.) pAnI 12.1 1.7 69.4 0.04 12.2 11.1 3.6 66.2 14.9 8.5 0.6 12.6 24.0 1.3 10.4 24.0 1.4 10.9 22.3 1.7 15.2 25.1 0.7 12.4 22.9 1.4 9.9 22.5 5. 2 11.2 24.6 0.6 12.0 43.2 19.5 8. 1 41.3 17.0 24.9 26.2 18.7 14. 1 28.8 0.8 5. 8 15.0 16.1 58.9 2.8 1.5 0.9 3.6 3.4 3.6 2.1 2.3 2.2 3.2 4.6 4.5 3.2 3.0 5.8 4.4 2.8 77.4 56.6 60.3 57.2 59.7 62.5 58.9 55.7 20.9 24.1 60.1 44.1 36.6 21.6 10.5 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.20 0.14 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.24 0.21 0.06 0.16 1.08. 0.63 0.23 11.5 2.1 2.8 8.5 98 5.5 2.0 5.0 8.9 3. 11.5 9.9 2.0 14. 1 31.0 17.9 3.5 9.6 13.7 11.2 11.2 5.2 phAsaphorasa kailorI 0.32 352 0.33 343 0.28 0.28 0.37 0.26 0.25 0.36 0.31 0.49 0.69 0.37 0.49 0.37 0.49 349 334 350 333 346 358 372 327 432 - 415 347 333 356 288 655 kha -5 [ 47
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________________ padArtha phAsaphorasa kailorI 48 o 0.45 ] 626 or.d kAjU bhunI mUMgaphalI pistA akharoTa makkhana ghI . panIra proTIna vasA (sneha) khanija-lavaNa kArbohADreTsa kailaziyama lohA (mi.grA.) pAnI 21.2 46.9 2.4 22.3 0.05 31.5 39.8 19.3 0.05 4.0 19.8 16.2 0.14 13.7 15.5 64.5 1.8 11.0 0.10 4.8 __4.5 80.8 100.0 24.1 25.1 2.1 40.3 14.6 31.2 20.5 38.0 0.1 6.8 51.0 1.37 1.4 4.1 0.43 0.38 . 687 730 900 348 420 khoyA 30.6 0.52 0.42 1.00 sapreTA dUdha pAvaDara proTIna pAnI 73.7 71.0 kailorI 173 180 150 (ba) mAMsAhArI khAdya pheTsa khanija-lavaNa kArbohAiDreTsa lohA (mi.grA.) kailaziyama 1.0 2.1% 0.06 13.7 1.0 0.7 0.07 6.3 0.01 0.15 4.4 1.. 0.03 2.6 0.01 0.6 0.8 0.01 padArtha murgI kA aMDA battakha kA aMDA kalejI (bher3a) bakarI kA gozta suara kA gozta gAya kA gozta machalI 70.4 13.3 71.5 13.5 19.3 18.5 18.7 22.6 22.6 194 77.4 114 114 1.0 | | | 73.4 . 78.4 91
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________________ khaNDa-6.000000000 - uttara-pradeza aura jainadharma CARHWAY NAINTTAL MEERUT 1 BAREILLY GOR HPUT LUCKNOW FAIZABAD ALLAHABAD HABADD VARANASI
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________________ kyA kahA~ hai ? 1 uttara pradeza meM jainadharma kA udaya aura vikAsa ... 2 uttara pradeza ke jaina tIrtha evaM sAMskRtika DA. jyoti prasAda jaina kendra . (ka) tIrthaMkara janmabhUmiyAM (kha) anya kalyANaka kSetra (ga) tapobhUmiyAM evaM siddhabhUmiyAM (gha) bha0 mahAvIra ke vihAra sthala (ca) atizaya kSetra evaM kalAdhAma (cha) arvAcIna prasiddha jaina mandira 3 uttara pradeza ke jaina santa 4 uttara pradeza ke jaina sAhityakAra 5 uttara pradeza ke jaina patra aura patrakAra 6 uttara pradeza ke jaina svatantratA senAnI 7 uttara pradeza kI jaina saMsthAe~ 8 uttara pradeza meM jainoM kI vartamAna sthiti uttara pradeza meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra uttara pradeza ke utkIrNa lekha aura unakA mahatva rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU kI mahAvIra pratimAe~ 12 nIlAMjanA-nRtya paTa 13 mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI kuSANakAlIna jaina mUrtiyA~ 14 uttara bhArata ke tIna prAcIna jainatIrtha svatantratA saMgrAma meM uttara pradeza ke jainoM kA yogadAna . zrI ramAkAnta jaina DA0 zazikAnta zrI zailendra rastogI 1 . DA0 nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI zrI vI0ena0 zrIvAstava 117 118 116 zrI rameza candra zarmA muni jayAnanda vijaya 126 bA0 ratanalAla jaina vakIla
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________________ uttara pradeza meM jaina dharma kA udaya aura vikAsa pradeza 'uttara pradeza' sarvatantra, janatantrIya gaNatantra bhAratIya saMgha kA eka pramukha rAjya hai / uttara meM tibbatI paThAra evaM nepAla rAjya, dakSiNa meM rAjasthAna evaM madhya pradeza, pUrva meM bihAra rAjya aura pazcima meM himAcala pradeza, dillI ( kendra prazAsita kSetra ), harayANA aura paMjAba rAjyoM se parisImita lagabhaga nau karor3a janasaMkhyA kA yaha pradeza lagabhaga tIna lAkha varga kilo mITara meM phailA huA hai / janasaMkhyA kI dRSTi se vaha bhAratIya saMgha kI sabhI ikAiyoM se bar3A hai, gRhasaMkhyA evaM grAma saMkhyA meM bhI vaha sarvaprathama hai, kintu nagaroM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se usakA dUsarA tathA kSetraphala kI dRSTi se cauthA sthAna hai / jalavAyu samazItoSNa hai, bhUmi bahudhA urvarA hai, vanya sampatti prabhUta hai aura khanija bhI aparyApta nahIM haiM | rAjanaitika, Arthika evaM sAmAjika hI nahIM, nRtAttvika, bhASayika evaM sAMskRtika dRSTiyoM se prAyaH ekasUtratA hai / prAcIna bhArata kI do pradhAna sAMskRtika dhArAoM, zramaNa aura brAhmaNa kA hI nahIM, unakI pramukha upa-dhArAoM, jaina aura bauddha tathA vaidika evaM paurANika (zaiva, vaiSNavAdi) kA bhI tathA kAlAntara meM muslima aura IsAI jaisI videzI saMskRtiyoM kA bhI sukhada saMgamasthala yaha pradeza rahA hai / mastaka para himakirITa se suzobhita aura vakSasthala para puNyatoyA bhAgIrathI gaMgA eva sUryatanayA yamunA tathA una donoM ke parivAra kI dasiyoM sahAyaka saritAoM se siMcita bhAratavarSa kA yaha hRtapradeza, bhAratIya dharma, darzana, saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA udgama sthala, unake vikAsa kA krIDAkSetra aura bhAratIya itihAsa kA cirakAlIna kendra bindu rahA hai / prAcIna kAla meM ise AryAvarta, brahmAvarta, brahmarSi deza, madhyadeza jaisI saMjJAeM dI gayIM / AryAvarta kI sImAeM pUrvI samudra se lekara pazcimI samudra aura himAlaya se vindhyAcala paryanta batAI gayI haiM, aura usake aMtargata madhyadeza kI sImAe~ pUrNa meM pAriyAtra yA prayAga se lekara pazcima meM vinazana athavA kurukSetra paryanta batAI gaI haiM / vaidika Arya sabhyatAkA pradhAna kendra brahmAvarta yA brahmarSi deza ukta madhyadeza ke pazcimArdha se sUcita hotA thA / ye madhyadezAdi nAma kisI bhaugolika yA rAjanaitika ikAI ke sUcaka nahIM the, varan sAMskRtika ekasUtratA ke dyotaka the / musalamAnoM ke bhArata praveza ke uparAnta unake dvArA prAyaH ukta madhyadeza hI 'hindustAna' kahalAyA / pUre madhyakAla meM sAmAnyatayA pUre uttara bhArata ke lie aura vizeSatayA gaMgA-yamunA antarveda ( doAba ) se vyApta, aba ke bahubhAga Uttara pradeza ke lie hindusthAna yA hindustAna zabda hI prayukta hotA rahA / Aja bhI baMgAlI ho yA paMjAbI athavA dakSiNa bhAratIya ho, isa pradeza ko hindustAna tathA isakI bhASA aura nivAsiyoM ko hindustAnI hI prAya: kahatA hai / aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke lagabhaga jaba vyApArI aMgreja bhArata meM apanA rAjya jamAne ke lie prayatnazIla hue to baMgAla ko unhoMne apanA kendra banAyA thA - kalakattA hI unake gavarnara janarala kI rAjadhAnI thI / san 1764 I0 kI kI saMdhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne jaba pUrvI uttara pradeza ke kucha jile dillI ke mug2ala bAdazAha zAhaAlama aura
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________________ 2. ] kha-6 avadha ke navAba vajIra zujAudaulA se prApta kiye to unheM unhoMne apane pazcimI prAMta' ke rUpa meM gaThita kiyA / unnIsavIM zatI ke dUsare dazaka ke prArambha taka unhoMne isa pradeza ke paryApta bhAga para adhikAra karake ise 'AgarA presIDensI' kA nAma diyA, tadanantara avadharAjya bhI jaba unake adhikAra meM A gayA to prAnta ke nAma kramazaH 'pazcimottara prAMta' (1877 meM), saMyukta prAMta AgarA aura abadha (1902 I0 meM) tathA mAtra 'saMyukta prAMta' (1937 I0 meM) hue, aura svatantratA prApti ke uparAnta bhAratIya saMgha ke rAjyoM kA vaidhAnika gaThana hone para ise 'uttara pradeza rAjya' nAma diyA gayA, jisameM aba gyAraha Ayukta maMDaloM (kamiznariyoM) meM vibhAjita pacapana jile haiN| jainadharma jainadharma bhAratavarSa kI eka sarvaprAcIna dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| vibhinna kAloM evaM pradezoM meM use Ahata,vrAtya, zramaNa, nirgrantha, anekAntI, syAdvAdI, bhavya Adi anya nAma bhI prApta rahe / samasta Atmika vikAroM para pUrNa vijaya prApta karane vAle mahAna AdhyAtmika vijetA 'jina', 'jinadeva' yA 'jinendra' kahalAte haiN| janma-maraNa rUpa duHkhapUrNa saMsAra sAgara se pAra karane vAle dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA evaM pravartana karane ke kAraNa ve 'tIrthaMkara' kahalAte haiM / niyama pUrvaka AtmasAdhana ke hita vratoM kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa 'vrAtya', samatva ke sAdhaka hone se 'samaNa', zramapUrvaka svapuruSArthaM dvArA Atmazodhana kA mArga apanAne ke kAraNa 'zramaNa' aura sampUrNa antaraMga evaM bAhya parigraha ke tyAgI hone ke kAraNa ve nirgrantha kahalAte haiN| nirgrantha zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM, arhatoM yA jinadevoM dvArA svayaM anubhUta, Acarita evaM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke hita-sukha ke lie (sarva sattvAnAM hitAya -sarva sattvAnAM sukhAya) upadezita aura pravattita dharma vyavasthA kA nAma hI jinadharma yA jainadharma hai| isakA apanA tatvajJAna hai, apanA darzana hai, apanI susamRddha saMskRti hai aura itihAsa hai| yaha sarvathA svatantra, maulika evaM vizuddha bhAratIya paramparA hai| uttara pradeza ke sAtha jainadharma aura saMskRti kA aTUTa sambandha hai, balki usakA udbhava-sthala evaM aneka utthAna-patanoM ke bAvajUda avicchinna krIDAkSetra yaha pradeza rahatA AyA hai|| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha vizva apane samasta upAdAnoM sahita sattAbhUta, vAstavika aura anAdi-nidhana hai| vizva meM vidyamAna padArthoM meM pratyakSa yA apratyakSa parivartana nirantara hote rahate haiM, jinakA hetu kAla dravya hai| vyavahAra kAla kI sabase bar3I ikAI 'kalpa' kahalAtI hai| vizva ke jIvana meM ananta kalpa bIta cuke haiM, aura vaha ananta kalpoM taka calatA rahegA / pratyeka kalpa ke do vibhAga hote haiM--eka avasarpiNI (adhomukha yA avanatizIla) aura dUsarA utsarpiNI (urdhvamukha yA unntishiil)| inameM se pratyeka ke chaH Araka (Are) hote haiM, jo pahalA, dUsarA, tIsarA, cauthA, pAMcavAM aura chaThA kAla kahalAte haiM / avasarpiNI meM pahale se chaThe taka krama se calate haiM, aura utsarpiNI meM krama ulTA ho jAtA hai, arthAt chaThA, pAMcavA Adi pahale taka / isa prakAra pratyeka kalpa meM do bAra cauthA ArA yA kAla AtA hai-eka avasarpiNI meM aura eka utsarpiNI meM / pratyeka cauthe kAla meM eka ke anantara eka 24 tIrthaGkara janma lete haiM aura apane-apane samaya meM dharma kA sAdhana, uddhAra aura pracAra karate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa aura 9 balabhadra bhI usI cauthe kAla meM utpanna hote haiN| saba milAkara ye tirasaTha-zalAkA puruSa kahalAte haiM, jo apane-apane kSetra meM sarvopari mahatva ke zlAghanIya puruSapugaba hote haiM / jaina paramparA kI yaha nivirodha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka cauthekAla ke caubIsoM tIrthakara loka ke madhya bhAga meM sthiti jambUdvIpa ke bharata kSetravartI AryakhaNDa ke madhyadeza ke prAyaH kendra meM sthita jisa sthAna meM janma lete haiM vaha vahI hai jahAM vartamAna uttara pradeza ke avadha prAnta ke phaijAbAda jile meM sthita prasiddha ayodhyA nagara basA huA hai|
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________________ isa prakAra ayodhyA usa prAcIna pAvana sthala kI sUcaka hai jahA~ sadaiva se tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA rahA hai, aura bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rhegaa| vartamAna kAla kI avasarpiNI usameM hone vAle katipaya apavAdoM ke kAraNa huMDAvasarpiNI kahalAtI hai| isakA cauthA kAla lagabhaga 2500 varSa pUrva isake caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 3 varSa 8 // mAsa pazcAta samApta huA thA, aura taba se pAMcavA ArA yA kAla cala rahA hai, jisa meM abhI sAr3he aThAraha hajAra varSa zeSa haiM / ukta haMDA doSa ke kAraNa usakI caubIsI meM se kevala pAMca tIrthaMkaroM kA janma ayodhyA meM haA, kintu zeSa 19 meM se 13 tIrthaMkaroM kA janma bhI uttara pradeza ke hI vibhinna sthAnoM, 'yathA zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, candrapurI, kAkaMdI, siMhapurI, ratnapurI, hastinApura aura zaurIpura meM huaa| isa prakAra vartamAna kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se 18 ko janma dene kA saubhAgya uttara-pradeza ko hI hai| una saba kA pradhAna kAryakSetra bhI prAyaH yahI pradeza rahA, yoM zeSa chaH tIrthaMkaroM kA vihAra bhI isa pradeza meM huA aura unhoMne apane-apane samaya meM yahAM saddharma kA pracAra kiyaa| isa kAla ke cakravartI Adi anya zalAkA puruSoM meM se bhI adhikatara isI pradeza meM hue| jaina paramparA kI solaha satiyoM tathA anya viziSTa vyaktiyoM meM se aneka bhI yahIM hae / kulakara (manu)-isa bhU-bhAga meM vartamAna avasarpiNI ke prathama tInoM kAloM meM Adima yuga kI sthiti thI: jIvana atyanta sarala, svaccha, svatantra, prakRtyAzrita evaM bhogapradhAna thaa| tIsare kAla ke anta ke lagabhaga sthiti meM parivartana huA, prakRti para nirbhara karanA paryApta nahIM rahA, loga bhayabhIta aura zaMkita hone lage, to unakA samAdhAna, mArgadarzana evaM netRtva karane ke lie eka ke bAda eka caudaha kulakaroM yA manuoM kA yahIM prAdurbhAva huaa| unhoMne manuSyoM ko kuloM (janoM, samUhoM yA kabIloM) meM saMgaThita kiyA, Avazyaka Adeza-nirdeza diye, maryAdAeM nirdhArita kI aura vyavasthAeM diiN| unhIM manuoM kI santati hone ke kAraNa isa deza ke nivAsI mAnava khlaae| inameM se antima kulakara nAbhirAya the, jinake nAma para isa deza kA prAcInatama nAma aMjanAma prasiddha haa| tIrthakara yuga mAvi tIrthaMkara RSama-nAbhirAya kI cirasaMginI marudevI kI kukSi se prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA janma caitra kRSNA navamI ke dina huA thaa| unake janmasthAna, bhAratavarSa kI sarvaprathama nagarI ayodhyA kA devatAoM ne nirmANa kiyA thaa| vRSabhanAtha, AdinAtha, AdIzvara, Adibrahma, purudeva, hiraNyagarbha, svayaMbhu, prajApati, ikSvAku, kazyapa Adi inake anya aneka nAma the| antima do nAma unakI saMtati ke vaMza evaM gotra-nAmoM ke rUpa meM pracalita hue / vayaska hone para unhoMne paitRka mAnava kuloM kI vyavasthA apane hAtha meM lI aura janatA ko asi-masi-kRSizilpa-vANijya-vidyA nAmaka SaTakarmoM dvArA jIvikopArjana kI zikSA dekara karmayuga evaM mAnavI sabhyatA kA U~ namaH kiyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki sarvaprathama ina AdipuruSa ne hI logoM ko khetI karanA, ikSu se rasa nikAlanA va usakA bhojya padArtha ke rUpa meM upayoga karanA, Aga jalAnA, Aga meM anna bhUnanA-pakAnA, miTTI ke bartana banAnA, kapar3A bunanA, grAma nagara Adi basAnA, sikhAyA thaa| unhoMne puruSoM kI bahattara aura striyoM kI cauMsaTha kalAoM kA jJAna tatkAlIna janatA kI buddhi, grahaNazIlatA evaM lokadazA ke anurUpa diyA batAyA jAtA hai| samAja vyavasthA ke lie unhoMne manuSyoM ko unake karma, ruci evaM pravRtti ke anusAra kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra, ina tIna varSoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa| yaha varNabheda varNa yA pratiSThA ke bheda kA sUcaka nahIM thA, mAna karmabheda sUcaka thA, aura aparivartanIya bhI - nahIM thaa| bhagavAna RSabha ne kaccha aura sukaccha kI suputriyoM naMdA (apara nAma sumaMgalA yA yazasvatI) aura sunandA se vivAha karake samAja meM sarvaprathama vivAha prathA pracalita kii| ina patniyoM se unake aneka putra aura brAhmI evaM
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________________ sundarI nAma kI do kanyAeM utpanna huii| unhoMne putriyoM ko bhI putroM ke samAna zikSA dI-brAhmI ko akSara jJAna kI zikSA dene ke nimitta se hI prAcIna brAhmI lipi kA AviSkAra huA, aura sundarI ko aMkajJAna diyaa| isa prakAra cirakAla paryanta Adideva ne prajA kA pAlana evaM pathapradarzana kiyaa| ekadA apanI rAjasabhA meM nartakI nIlAMjanA kI nRtya ke bIca meM hI matyu ho jAne para bhagavAna ko saMsAradeha-bhogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA bhAna-huA, aura unhoMne saba kucha tyAgakara vana kI rAha lii| sarva parigraha vimukta yaha nirgrantha munizreSTha durdhara tapazcaraNa dvArA AtmasAdhana meM lIna huaa| eka sthAna para hI kAyotsarga yoga se khar3e rahakara usa yogIzvara ne chaH mAsa kI samAdhi lagAI, jisake uparAnta vaha agale chaH mAsa paryanta yatra-tatra vicarate rahe, kintu pAraNA nahIM huaa| antataH gajapura (u. pra. ke meraTha jile meM hastinApura) meM vahAM ke rAjA somayaza ke anuja kumAra zreyAMsa ne unheM vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ke dina ikSurasa kA AhAra diyaa| ataH vaha dina 'akSayatRtIyA' ke nAma se loka prasiddha huaa| zreyAMsa ne dAna-sthala para eka stUpa kA nirmANa karAyA / apane munijIvana meM gar3havAla himAlaya ke parvatazikharoM para yogIzvara RSabha ne tapa kiyA aura prayAga meM triveNI saMgama ke nikaTa eka vaTavRkSa (jo isIlie akSayavaTa kahalAyA) ke nIce unheM kevalajJAna prApta huaa| tabhI aura vahIM unhoMne apanA dharmacakra pravartana kiyA-isa kalpakAla meM ahiMsAmayI Atmadharma kA upadeza loka ko sarvaprathama diyaa| isa prakAra dharma ke bhI Adi puraskartA prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva hue| paurANika hindU paramparA meM unhe viSNu kA AThavAM avatAra batAyA gayA hai, aura bhAgavata Adi mukhya purANoM meM unakA varNana jaina anuzruti se prAyaH milatA julatA hI milatA hai| RgvedAdi veda granthoM meM bhI unake spaSTa ullekha milate haiM tathA prAgaaitihAsika sindhughATI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM meM una digambara-kAyotsarga-dhyAnastha yogIzvara ke aMkana se yukta mRNmudrAeM milI haiN| kaI vidvAna to ziva (mahAdeva, zaMkara) aura RSabhadeva ko abhinna rahA mAnate haiN| semeTika paramparA ke AdyamAnava 'bAbA Adama' se bhI AdipuruSa RSabha kA hI abhiprAya rahA ho to Azcarya nhiiN| cakravartI bharata--RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra mahArAja bharata sabhya saMsAra ke prathama cakravartI samrATa the| unhIM ke nAma para yaha mahAdeza bhArata yA bhAratavarSa kahalAyA, isa viSaya meM jaina evaM brAhmaNIya paurANika anuzrutiyAM ekamata haiN| bharata ne dharmAtmA, santoSI evaM jJAna-dhyAna rata vyaktiyoM ko brAhmaNa saMjJA dekara caturtha varNa kI sthApanA kI thii| bharata cakravartI kI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA hI thii| anta meM rAjya tyAgakara unhoMne bhI apane pitA tIrthaMkara ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA aura mukti prApta kii| unake anuja bAhubalI bhI adbhuta tapasvI yogirAja hue| unhIM ke puna somayaza hastinApura ke prathama nareza the, jinase prAcIna kSatriyoM kA candravaMza calA-ayodhyA meM svayaM bharata ke pUtra evaM uttarAdhikArI arkakIti se sUryavaMza claa| somayaza ke eka vaMzaja kuru ke nAma para kuruvaMza calA aura hastinApura ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza kurudeza kahalAyA, tathA eka anya vaMzaja mahArAja hastina ke samaya se gajapura kA nAma hastinApura prasiddha huaa| kuruvaMza kI hI eka zAkhA pAMcAla kahalAI, jisakI uttarI zAkhA kI rAjadhAnI ahicchatrA (barelI jile meM) tathA dakSiNI zAkhA kI rAjadhAnI kAmpilya (pharukhAbAda jile meM) huii| anya tIrthakara-RSabha nirvANa ke bahata samaya uparAnta ayodhyA meM hI ikSvAkuvaMzI-kAzyapagotrIya rAjA jitazatru kI rAnI vijayA kI kukSi se dUsare tIrthakara ajitanAtha kA janma huaa| unake nirvANa ke kucha samaya pazcAta isI nagara evaM naMza meM jaina anuzruti ke anusAra dUsarA cakravartI sagara huaa| tIsareM tIrthaMkara bhI isI vaMza ke the, kintu unakA janma zrAvastI (u. pra. ke baharAica jile kA saheTa-maheTa) meM huA thaa| cothe tIrthaMkara abhinandana nAtha aura pAMcaveM tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha kA janma bhI ayodhyA meM haa| chaThe tIrthakara padmaprabhu kA janma
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________________ kauzAmbI (ilAhAbAda jile kA kosama) meM huA thA aura pabhosA nAma kI nikaTavartI pahAr3I para unhoMne tapasyA kI thI tathA kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thaa| sAtane tIrthakara supArzva kA janma sthAna vArANasI nagarI ke bhadainI kSetra se cInhA jAtA hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kA prAcIna devanirmita jaina stupa inhIM tIrthaMkara ke ukta nagara meM padhArane kI smRti meM mUlataH nirmita huA mAnA jAtA hai| AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabhu ke janma sthAna candrapurI yA candrAvatI kI pahicAna vArANasI se lagabhaga 23 ki. mI. para gaMgA ke kinAre sthita tannAma gAMva se kI jAtI hai / nauveM tIrthaMkara puSpadaMta apara nAma suvidhinAtha kI janmabhUmi kAkaMdI (devariyA jile kA khukhundo) hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne ina tIrthaMkara kA samIkaraNa paurANika mahArAja kakudi yA kakutstha ke sAtha kiyA hai| tIsare se nauveM paryanta sAta tIrthakara isa pradeza meM vaidika dharma aura saMskRti ke udaya se pUrva, sindhughATI sabhyatA ke utkarSakAla ke samasAmayika rahe pratIta hote haiN| jaina anuzrutiyoM se aisA iMgita milatA hai ki unake uparAnta, dazameM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha ke samaya se brAhmaNa naidika saMskRti kA prabhAva vRddhiMgata huaa| gyArahoM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha kA janma siMhapurI meM huA thA, jisakI pahicAna vArANasI ke nikaTa sAranAtha kSetra se kI jAtI hai| terahaveM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kA janma kAmpilya (pharukhAbAda jile kA kampila) meM huA thaa| inake samaya meM kaI anya zalAkA puruSa bhI isa pradeza meM he| caudahameM tIrthakara anantanAtha kA janma ayodhyA meM huA, inake samaya meM bhI kaI zalAkApuruSa hae / tIrthaMkara dharmanAma kurUvaMzI the aura inakA janma ratnapurI (phaijAbAda jile kA raunAI) meM huA thaa| inake samaya meM bhI kaI zalAkApuruSa hue aura thor3e samaya uparAnta eka-eka karake maghavA evaM sanatkumAra nAma ke do sUryavaMzI cakravartI samrATa ayodhyA meM hue| isake pazcAta kucha kAla ke lie zramaNadharma evaM munimArga kA viccheda rahA batAyA jAtA hai| tadanantara zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha aura aranAtha nAma ke tIna tIrthaMkara hastinApura (meraTha jile meM) kramazaH hue| ye tInoM candragaMza kI kuruzAkhA meM utpanna hae the aura apane-apane samaya meM cakravartI samrATa bhI rahe the| inake samaya meM phira se jainadharma kA utkarSa isa pradeza meM rhaa| aranAtha ke nirvANoparAnta subhauma nAmaka cakravartI tathA nandI, puNDarIka eghaM nizuMbha nAma ke anya zalAkApuruSa isI pradeza meM hue| subhauma ke prasaMga meM parazurAma aura kArtavIrya sahasravAha ke bhISaNa saMgharSa kI jaina anuzruti milatI hai| bIsameM tarthakara munisuvrata ke tIrtha meM hae ayodhyApati raghuvaMzI mahArAja rAmacandra, unake anuja lakSmaNa aura mahAsatI sItA Adi kA jaina paramparA meM atyanta sammAnanIya sthAna hai| bhagavAna rAma ne dIkSA lekara padmamuni nAma se tapazcaryA kI, arhat kevali pada prApta kiyA aura anta meM vaha nirvANa prApta kara siddha paramAtmA hue| jaina padmapurANa athavA jaina rAmAyaNoM meM ina mahApuruSoM ke puNyacaritra vistAra ke sAtha vaNita haiN| isake kucha samaya uparAnta hastinApura meM muni viSNukumAra dvArA balibaMdhana, sAta sau muniyoM kI rakSA evaM rakSAbandhana parva kI pravRtti kA prasaMga AtA hai| ikkIsameM tIrthaMkara naminAtha ke tIrtha meM vatsadeza kI kauzAmbI nagarI meM jayasena nAma kA cakravartI samrATa huaa| tIrthakara ariSTanemi-yA neminAtha (22veM tIrthakara) kA janma harivaMza kI yAdava zAkhA meM zoripura meM (AgarA jile meM baTezvara ke nikaTa) huA thaa| unakI jananI zivAdevI aura pitA yaduvaMzI rAjA zUrasena ke vaMzaja mahArAja samudravijaya the, jinake anuja vasudeva atyanta sAhasika evaM kAmadevopama rUpavAna the| unake sAhasika bhramaNoM evaM kAryakalApoM kA rocaka varNana jaina harivaMza purANa meM prApta hotA hai| inhIM vasudeva ke putra kRSNa aura balarAma the, jo apane samaya ke nArAyaNa evaM balabhadra saMjJaka zalAkApuruSa the, bar3e zUravIra, pratApI aura vicakSaNa buddhi the| apane prabala pratidvandvI jarAsaMdha ke AtaMka se trasta hokara yAdavagaNa zauripura evaM mathurA kA parityAga karake pazcimI samudrataTavartI dvArikA nagarI meM jA base the| hastinApura ke kuruvaMzI kaurava-pANDavoM kA pArasparika saMgharSa evaM kurukSetra kA suprasiddha mahAbhArata yuddha isI kAla kI ghaTanAeM haiN| usa yuga kI rAjanIti ke pradhAna sUtradhAra nArAyaNa kRSNa hI the| ve pANDavoM ke mitra the aura unakI vijaya meM pradhAna nimitta hue the| yadi kRSNa usa yuga ke
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________________ 6 ] kha - 6 rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika netA the to unake tAUjAta bhAI ariSTanemi dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika netA the / unhoMne manuSya ke bhojana ke lie pazupakSiyoM ke badha ko eka adhArmika anaitika kRtya aura ghora pApa ghoSita kiyA thA / mAMsAhAra kA niSedha karake aura nivRttirUpa tapaH sAdhanA kA Adarza prastuta karake unhoMne bhArI krAnti kI thI tathA zramaNadharma punarutthAna kiyA thA / jaina paramparA meM vasudeva, kRSNa, balarAma, kRSNaputra pradyumna, Adi ko tathA pAMDavoM ko jinamArga kA anusarttA pratipAdita kiyA hai / neminAtha ke nirvANoparAnta kAzI meM brahmadatta nAma kA zaktizAlI nareza huA jo jaina paramparA ke bAraha cakravartiyoM meM antima thA -- usakI aitihAsikatA bhI mAnya kI jAtI hai / Adhunika itihAsakAra mahAbhArata yuddha ke uparAnta bhAratavarSa kA niyamita itihAsa prArambha karate haiM tathA usake pUrvakAla ke itihAsa ko anuzrutigamya itihAsa kahate haiM / ukta anuzrutigamya itihAsa kAla meM - sudUra aspaSTa prAgaaitihAsika evaM prAgvedika atIta se lekara mahAbhArata yuddha ke uparAnta kAla taka uttara pradeza meM jainadharma evaM usakI saMskRti kA prAyaH avicchinna pravAha rahatA rahA, jaisA ki uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai / tIrthaMkara pArzva ( IsApUrva 877 777 ) - jaina paramparA ke 23 veM tIrthaMkara haiM / inakA janma vrAtyakSatriyoM kI nAga jAti ke uragavaMza meM huA thA, gola kAzyapa thaa| inake pitA kAzinareza azvasena the aura jananI vAmAdevI thIM / inakA janmasthAna vArANasI kA bhelUpura kSetra rahA mAnA jAtA hai| rAjakumAra pArzva zaizavAvasthA se hI atyanta zAntacitta, dayAlu, medhAvI aura cintanazIla the, sAtha hI atula vIrya zaurya ke dhanI evaM parama parAkramI bhI the / unake mAtula kuzasthalanura 'kAnyakubja - pharrukhAbAda jile kA kannauja' nareza para jaba kAlayavana nAmaka eka prabala AtatAI ne AkramaNa kiyA to kumAra pArzva turanta senA lekara unakI sahAyatA ke lie gaye aura bhISaNa yuddha karake unhoMne zatru ko parAjita kiyA tathA bandI banAyA / kRtajJa mAtula apanI suputnI kA vivAha inake sAtha karanA cAhatA thA, kintu isI bIca gaMgAtaTavartI eka tApasI Azrama meM unhoMne tApasI pramukha dvArA prajvalita agni meM jalAye jAte nAga-nAgina yugala kI rakSA kI, isa ghaTanA ko dekhakara pArzva ko vairAgya huA aura vaha bAlabrahmacArI AtmazodhanArthaM tapazcaraNa karane ke lie bana meM cale gaye / apanI kaThora sAdhanA ke bIca vaha ekadA hastinApura pahuMce aura vahA~ upavAsa kA pAraNA karake gaMgA ke kinAre-kinAre bijanaura jile ke usa sthAna para pahu~ce jo bAda meM 'pArasanAtha kilA' ke nAma se prasiddha huA / vahA~ se calakara vaha uttara pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI (jo kAlAntara meM ahicchatrA nAma se prasiddha huI aura barelI jile ke rAmanagara se cInhI jAtI hai) ke nikaTavartI bhImATavI nAmaka mahAvana meM pahu~ce / vahA~ zaMvara nAmaka duSTa asura ne una para bhISaNa upasarga kiye / nAgarAja dharaNIndra aura yakSezvarI padmAvatI ne upasarga nivAraNa kA yathAzakya prayatna kiyA / nAgarAja ( ahi) ne yogirAja pA kA chatrAkAra maMDapa banA diyA thA, jisa kAraNa vaha sthAna ahicchatA nAma se pArzva ko kevalajJAna prApta huA, unakI samavasaraNa sabhA jur3I aura unhoMne apane tIrthaMkara pArzva kI aitihAsikatA asandigdha hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM meM vaha prAya: sarvAdhika lokapriya rahe haiM / bhArata varSa ke kone-kone meM anaginata mUrtiyA~, maMdira evaM tIrthasthAna unake nAma se sambaddha pAye jAte haiM / hastinApura nareza svayaMbhU, kannauja ke rAjA ravikIrti Adi aneka bhUpati unake parama bhakta the / nAga, yakSa, asura Adi anArya dezI jAtiyoM meM, jinakA brAhmaNIya sAhitya meM bahudhA vrAtyakSatriyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai, tIrthaMkara pArzva kA prabhAva vizeSa rahA pratIta hotA hai / uttara pradeza ke bAhara baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA, Andhra pradeza para unakA pratyakSa prabhAva thA / bhArata kI prazcimottara sImAoM ko pAra karake madhya eziyAI dezoM evaM yUnAna paryanta unakI kIrtigAthA evaM vicAra prasArita hue lagate haiN| sAtha hI, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya taka unakI dharma paramparA avicchinna calatI rahI - mahAvIra kA pitRkula evaM mAtRkula tIrthaMkara pArzva ke 'anuyAyI the / aneka pAzrvApatya (pArzva kI AmnAya ke zira ke Upara apane phaNoM prasiddha huA / usI samaya bhagavAna dharmacakra kA pravartana kiyA /
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________________ kha --- 6 [ 7 h) sAdhu aura gRhastha uttara pradeza meM bhI yatra-tatra usa samaya taka vidyamAna the / mahAvIra dvArA dharmacakra pravartana ke uparAnta ve loga mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM meM sammilita ho gaye / pArzva dvArA upadezita mArga kA bahudhA cAturyAma dharma ke nAma se ullekha huA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aura aparigraha para hI vizeSa bala diyA thA - brahmacarya nAma ke kisI vrata kA pRthaka se vidhAna nahIM kiyA thA, use aparigraha kA hI aMga pratipAdita kiyA thaa| bhagavAna pArzva cAritrika naitikatA para hI vizeSa bala dete the aura tatkAlIna janamAnasa para apane vicAroM kA mahattva jamAne meM bahuta kucha saphala hue the / isake atirikta paMcAgni jaise kRza tapoM aura haThayogAdi kI nirarthakatA evaM nirdayatA kI ora unhoMne loka kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyaa| apane samaya meM vaha 'purisadAniya' ( puruSa zreSTha ) upAdhi se prasiddha hue / vaha uttara vaidika kAla ke usa zramaNadharma punarutthAna ke sarvamahAna evaM saphala netA the, jisakA prArambha neminAtha ne kiyA thA aura jo varddhamAna mahAvIra dvArA niSpanna huA / varddhamAna mahAvIra (599-527 I0 pU0 ) - caubIsaveM evaM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA janma to bihAra rAjya meM hue thA, vahIM unakA kumArakAla evaM tapasvI jIvana kA bahubhAga bhI vyatIta huA, usI pradeza meM unheM kevala jJAna prApta huA aura vahIM unakA nirvANa huA mAnA jAnA jAtA hai, kintu apane tapasyAkAla meM bhI aneka bAra tathA tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM dharmopadezArtha uttara pradeza meM prAyaH sarvatra unakA vihAra huA thaa| usa kAla ke isa pradeza ke prasiddha nagaroM vArANasI, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, prayAga yA purimatAla, mathurA aura hastinApura meM vaha padhAre the / isa pradeza ke jina anya sthAnoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vihAra karane ke saMketa milate haiM, unameM se zvetAMbikA kI pahacAna kucha vidvAna balarAmapura ke nikaTastha basedilA nAmaka sthAna se karate haiM aura kucha sItAmar3hI se / isI prakAra AlabhikA kI pahacAna unnAva jile ke navalagA~va athavA iTAvA jile ke airavA nAmaka grAma se kI jAtI hai / visAkhA kI pahacAna kucha vidvAna lakhanaU se karate haiM / kayaMgalA zrAvastI ke nikaTa sthita thA aura naMgalA bhI kosala pradeza meM hI thA tathA haliga koliyagaNa kI rAjadhAnI rAmanagara ke nikaTa sthita thA / bhogapura devariyA jile meM kuzinagara ke nikaTa rahA pratIta hotA hai aura kucha vidvAnoM kI to yaha bhI dhAraNA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANasthala (pAvA) bihAra meM na hokara devariyA jile kA saThiyAMva Diha - phAjilanagara hai, jise idhara kucha samaya se pAvAnagara nAma de diyA gayA gayA hai / inake atirikta, mahAvIra ke bhramaNa sambandhI anuzrutiyoM meM likhita uttara vAcAlA aura dakSiNa vAcAlA kramazaH uttara pAMcAla ( rAjadhAnI ahicchatA) aura dakSiNa pAMcAla ( rAjadhAnI kampilA ) se tathA kanakhala Azrama se haridvAra ke nikaTa sthita kankhala se abhiprAya rahA ho sakatA hai| anuzrutiyoM meM prApta nAmoM meM aneka aise bhI haiM, jinakI pahacAna nahIM ho pAI hai| jinakA ullekha nahIM huA kintu jahA~ mahAvIra padhAre the, aise bhI sthAna rahe ho sakate haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM vartamAna uttara pradeza kAzi, kosala, vatsa, cedi, kuru, pAMcAla aura zUrasena nAmake sAta mahAjanapadoM yA rAjyoM meM vibhAjita thA, jinake atirikta zAkya, malla, moriya, koliya, licchavi Adi jAtiyoM ke kaI gaNatantra tathA anya kucha choTe-choTe rAjya bhI the / ukta sabhI janapadoM meM bhagavAna ne bihAra karake dharmopadeza diyA thA / janasAmAnya meM se brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdrAdi prAyaH sabhI varNoM evaM jAtiyoM ke anaginata strI-puruSa, aneka viziSTajana, kaI rAja parivAroM ke vyakti tathA svayaM kaI rAje-mahArAje tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke bhakta hue / inameM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM vatsa ( kauzAmbI) nareza zatAnIka aura usakI paTTarANI mRgAvatI jo pati kI mRtyu ke uparAnta putra udayana kI sthiti rAjyasiMhAsana para sudRr3ha karake sAdhvI bana gaI thI aura mahAvIra AryikA saMgha meM sammilita ho gayI thI / usakI nanada, rAjakumArI jayantI bar3I viduSI aura mahAvIra kI paramabhakta thI / vatsarAja udayana aura rAnI vAsavadattA bhI tIrthaMkara ke bhakta the / zrAvastI nareza kosalAdhipati prasenajita evaM unakI paTTarANI mallikAdevI mahAvIra aura buddha kA hI nahIM, makkhali gozAla Adi anya tatkAlIna zramaNa
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________________ evaM brahmaNa dharmAcAryoM kA samAna rUpa se Adara karate the| unhoMne zrAvastI meM vibhinna dharmoM kI tattvacarcA ke lie eka vizAla sabhAbhavana bhI banavAyA thaa| vArANasI ke rAjA jitazatru, rAjaputrI muNDikA, kapilavastu ke zAkya bappa (gautama buddha ke cAcA), mathurA nareza uditodaya evaM avantipatra tathA unakA rAjya seTha, pAMcAla nareza jaya, hastinA pura ke nRpa zivarAja aura nagaraseTha pottali, palAzapura ke rAjA vijayasena aura rAjakumAra aimatta, ityAdi mahAvIra bhakta the| mahAvIra ke dasa prasiddha gRhastha upAsakoM meM palAzapura kA koTyAdhIza kuMbhakAra zabdAlaputra, jo varNa se zUdra thA, va usakI patnI agnimitrA, vArANasI kA caubIsa koTi mudrAoM kA dhanI seTha culimIpitA aura usakI pani zyAmA, kAzi kA hI zreSThi surAdeva va usakI patnI dhanyA, AlaMbhikA kA cullazataka va patnI bahulA, kAmpilya kA gRhapati kuNDakolika va usakI bhAryA puSpA, aura zrAvastI ke seTha sAlihipitA evaM nandinIpitA apanI-apanI patniyoM azvinI evaM phAlguNI sahita, parigaNita haiN| zrAvastI kA dhanAdhIza migAra yA anAthapiNDaka bhI, jisakI buddhabhakta putravadhu vizAkhA ne prasiddha jetavana vihAra banavAyA thA, mahAvIra kA anuyAyI thaa| antima kevali jambUsvAmi ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 62 (I. pU. 465) meM mathurA nagara ke caurAsI nAmaka sthAna para nirvANa lAbha kiyA thaa| mathurA meM hI unake dvArA munidharma meM dIkSita dasyarAja vidyuccara aura usake pAMca sau sAthiyoM ne tapasyA karake sadgati prApta kI thI, jinake smAraka rUpa se 501 stUpa vahAM nirmita hue the, aisI anuzruti hai| mahAvIra nirvANoparAnta-prAcIna yuga IsApUrva 5vIM zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga se I. pU. 2rI zatI ke prAyaH prArambha taka uttara pradeza para kramazaH magadha ke nanda vaMzI narezoM aura maurya samrAToM kA Adhipatya rhaa| ina donoM vaMzoM ke adhikAMza rAje janadharmAnuyAyI the athavA jainadharma ke prati atyanta sahiSNu the| ataeva pradeza meM jainadharma phalatA phUlatA rhaa| azoka ke zAsanakAla meM bauddhadharma kA prabhAva evaM prasAra bahuta bar3hA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, kintu jainadharma ko vizeSa kSati nahIM phuNcii| svayaM azoka ke zilAlekhoM se spaSTa hai ki vaha nirgranthoM (jainoM) kA Adara karatA thA aura jIvahiMsA niSedha evaM mAMsAhAra tyAga ke unake siddhAntoM kA svayaM bhI pAlana karatA thA tathA apanI prajA ko bhI unakA pAlana karane kI preraNA detA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA to yaha mata hai ki azoka kama se kama apane jIvana ke pUrvArdha meM to jaina hI rahA thaa| azoka ke uttarAdhikArI samprati kI gaNanA to Adarza jaina narezoM meM hai| usane aneka sthAnoM meM anaginata jaina maMdira banavAye kahe jAte haiM / nanda-maurya yuga meM jaina itihAsa kI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa duSkAla ke kAraNa jaina maniyoM ke bahabhAga kA dakSiNa pakSa kI ora vihAra kara jAnA thaa| mauryavaMza ke uparAnta magadha meM kramazaH zuMgoM aura kaNvoM kA zAsana rahA, jinhoMne brAhmaNa dharma punarutthAna ke lie apUrNa udyoga kiyA, aura pariNAmasvarUpa jaina, bauddhAdi zramaNa dharmoM ko hAni bhI phuNcii| kintu uttara pradeza ke bahabhAga para unakA adhikAra nAma mAtra kA hI rahA pratIta hotA hai| kauzAmbI, ahicchanna meM sthAnIya rAjyavaMza, jo bahadhA 'mitranaMza' kahalAte haiM, sthApita hue / inameM paraspara sambandha bhI the aura ina prAyaH sabhI rAjyoM ke mitragaMzI rAje jainadharma ke prati Adara bhAva rakhate the / mathurA ke rAjA pUtimukha kI eka rAnI bauddha thI aura dUsarI jaina, jinheM apanA-apanA netA banAkara bauddhoM aura jainoM ke bIca mathurA ke prAcIna devanirmita stapa ke adhikAra ko lekara jhagar3A claa| usakA nirNaya antataH jainoM ke pakSa meM haa| ahicchatrA ke mahArAja ASADhasena ne apane bhAnaje kauzAmbI nareza bRhaspatimina ke rAjya meM sthita tIrthakara padmaprabha kI tapa-jJAna bhUmi
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________________ pabhosA (prabhAsagiri) para jaina muniyoM ke lie guphAe~ nirmANa karAI thIM, jaisAki vahAM se prApta usake zilAlekhoM se patA calatA hai| IsApUrva prathamazatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga se lekara prAya eka zatAbdI taka mathurA meM zaka kSatrapoM kA adhikAra rahA aura tadanantara agale lagabhaga do sau varSa taka kuSANa samrAToM kA zAsana rhaa| mathurA ke ina videzI zAsakoM kA. kama se kama kuSANoM kA to prAyaH pUre uttara pradeza para adhikAra thaa| ye zAsaka sarvadharmasamabhAvI the aura jainadharma ke prati paryApta sahiSNu rahe / magadha (bihAra) se jaina muniyoM kA dakSiNApatha kI ora sAmUhika vihAra (4 thI zatI I0 pU0 ke madhya ke lagabhaga) ho jAne ke uparAnta uttara bhArata meM mathurA jainadharma kA pramukha kendra bana calA aura mitra-zaka-kuSANa kAla meM mathurA kA jainasaMgha bar3A sugaThita, vistRta evaM prabhAvazAlI thaa| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se jisa prAcIna devanirmita jaina stUpa ke avazeSa purAtAttvika utkhanana meM prApta hue haiM, usI ke cAroM ora eka vizAla jaina saMsthAna vikasita ho gayA thA jahAM aneka jaina sAdhu evaM sAdhviyAM nivAsa karate the / kASThA, uccanagara yA varaNa (vartamAna bulandazahara), kola, hastinApura, vajanagarI, saMkisA Adi meM usakI zAkhAe~ sthApita thiiN| saMbhavatayA matharA ke jainoM kI prArthanA para hI kaliMga ke suprasiddha jaina samrATa khAravela ne itanI dara Akara yavana rAja dimitra ko mathurA tathA pazcimI uttara pradeza se nikAla bhagAyA thA / usa samrATa dvArA kaliMga meM Ayojita mahAmuni sammelana meM bhI mathurA ke jainamuni sammilita hue the, aura unhoMne vaha 'sarasvatI Andolana' calAyA thA jisake phalasvarUpa jainasaMgha meM zrutAgama ke lipibaddha karane kI tathA pustaka sAhitya ke praNayana kI prabatti zurU hii| mathurA ke ina jaina sAdhuoM kI eka vizeSatA yaha thI ki unhoMne eka dUsare se kaTakara dUra hotI haI dakSiNI evaM pazcimI zAkhAoM se, jo kAlAntara meM kramazaH digambara aura zvetAmbara nAmoM se prasiddha haIM, svayaM. ko pRthaka rakkhA tathA una donoM ke samanvaya kA hI prayatna kiyaa| vastutaH, mathurA ke tatkAlIna jaina gRhastha aura sAdhu apekSAkRta kahIM adhika udAra aura vizAla dRSTi vAle the| yahI kAraNa hai ki vibhinna vargoM aura jAtiyoM ke bhAratIya hI nahIM, aneka yavana, zaka, palava, kuSANa Adi videzI strI puruSoM ne bhI jainadharma aGgIkAra kiyA thaa| zaka mahAkSatrapa zoDAsa (I0 pU0 prathama zatI) ke zAsanakAla meM mathurA meM prasiddha jaina siMhadhvaja (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA pratIka) sthApita huA, zramaNa mahArakSita ke ziSya vAtsImuna zrAvaka uttaradAsaka ne jinendra ke prAsAda kA toraNa nirmANa karAyA, hArItiputra pAla kI bhAryA zramaNa zrAvikA kautsI amohinI ne apane pUnoM pAlaghoSa, prosthaghoSa evaM dhanaghoSa ke sahayoga se arhat varSamAna ke namaskArapUrvaka AryAvatI (bhagavAna kI mAtA) kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI, tathA gaNikA lavaNazobhikA ne apanI mAtA, bahanoM, putriyoM, putroM tathA anya sarva parijanoM ke sAtha zreSThiyoM kI nigama ke arhatAyatana (jinamandira) meM vardhamAna bhagavAna kI pUjA ke lie vedIgraha, pUjAmaMDapa, prapA, zilApaTTa Adi nirmANa karAkara samarpita kiye the| nagara kI yaha prayukha gaNikA bhI zramaNa-zrAvikA thii| eka zilAlekha ke anusAra jisa kauzikI zivaminA ne arhatapUjArtha matharA meM eka AyAgapaTa pratiSThApita kiyA thA, usakA pati vIra gotIputra (gauptIputra) poThaya (palava yA pArthiyana) aura zaka logoM ke lie kAla-vyAla (kAlAnAga yA sAkSAta kAla) thaa| isa gauptiputra vIra indrapAla ne svayaM bhI eka jina pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| aisA lagatA hai ki isI parAkramIvIra ko prathamazatI IsvI meM mathurA meM zaka kSatrayoM kI sattA samApta karAne kA tathA purAne athavA eka navIna rAjyavaMza kI sthApanA kA zreya hai| isa kAla ke anya zilAlekhoM meM zrAvikA dharmaghoSA, balahastinI, phalguyaza nartaka kI bhAryA zivayazA, mathurAvAsI lavADanAmaka eka videzI kI bhAryA Adi ke dhArmika nirmANoM kA ullekha hai| mathurA se prApta kSatrapakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM jaina zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA anya sabase
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________________ 10 ] adhika hai / isa kAla meM jainAcArya lohArya, zivArya, svAmIkumAra, vimalasUri Adi kI isa pradeza ke sAtha alpAdhika rUpa meM sambaddha hone kI sambhAvanA hai| kuSANa samrAToM ke zAsanakAla (lagabhaga 75-250 I0) meM to isa pradeza meM, vizeSakara mathurA janapada meM jainadharma paryApta unnata evaM prANavAna rahA, jaisA ki usa kAla ke sAdhika eka sau zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hai| ina abhilekhoM meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke nAmoM ke atirikta kaniSka, haviSka, vaziSka, vAsudeva Adi kuSANa samrAToM ke tathA saikar3oM dharma bhakta zrAvakoM evaM dharmaprANa mahilAoM ke nAma prApta hote haiN| vividha prakAra ke dharmakArya, nirmANa evaM dAna pUjAdi karane vAle ukta strI-puruSoM meM vibhinna jAtiyoM, vargoM evaM vyavasAyoM se sambandhita vyaktiyoM ke nAma haiM, jinameM kaI eka yavana, zaka, palava Adi videzI bhI haiM / zreSThi, mAnikara (jauharI), hairaNyaka (svarNakAra yA sarrApha), kASThavaNika, lohavaNika, lohikakAruka, gandhika, raMgareja, vaNika, sArthavAha, grAmika, goSThika, nartaka, pUjArI, mAlI, zastropajIvi Adi vibhinna vyavasAyoM meM rata strI-puruSoM ke nAma usa kAla meM jainadharma kI vyApakatA ke sUcaka haiM / mathurA Adi meM hI IsvI sana ke prArambha ke lagabhaga jaina saMgha saMbhavatayA sarvaprathama gaNa-kulazAkhA Adi meM vyavasthita haA-kama se kama usake pUrva vaisA hone ke koI sunizcita sAmayika pramANa nahIM haiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki IsvI sana ke prArambha se pUrva hI uttara pradeza ke mathurA Adi nagaroM meM jaina stUpa, mandira, jaina sAMskRtika pratIkoM ke aMkana se yukta kalApUrNa AyAgapaTa, caubIsoM tIthaMkaroM meM se prAyaH sabhI kI khar3agAsana yA padmAsana digambara pratimAeM, AryAvatI, sarasvatI Adi kI mUrtiyAM, kaI jaina paurANika dRSyoM ke aMkana Adi nirmita evaM 'sarga sattvAMnAM hitAya-sana sattvAnAM sukhAya' pratiSThApita hone lage the| tIsarI zatI I0 ke madhya ke lagabhaga kuSANoM kA parAbhava hone para mathurA, kauzAmbI, ahicchanA Adi meM sthAnIya mitravaMzI rAjya, kaI pradezoM meM yaudheya, madraka, arjunAyana Adi yuddhopajIvi gaNarAjya aura aneka kSetroM meM bhAraziva nAgoM kI svatantra sattAeM sthApita huii| inameM se zAyada koI bhI jainadharma ke anuyAyI nahIM the, kintu dharma ke viSaya meM prAyaH sabhI udAra aura sahiSNu the| mathurA, kozAmvI, ahicchatrA vArANasI, hastinApura Adi jaina dharma ke pavitra tIrtha usake acche kendra aba bhI calate rahe / dUsarI zatI I0 ke uttarArdha ke lagabhaga hue diggaja jainAcArya samantabhadra svAmI ke uttara pradeza kI vArANasI Adi meM dakSiNa deza se Akara zAstrArtha karane ke saMketa milate haiN| yativRSabhAcArya bhI saMbhava hai ki isa pradeza se sambaddha rahe hoN| ayodhyA ke ikSvAku vaMzI rAjA gaMgadatta kA eka vaMzaja viSNugupta, acchinA kA rAjA thaa| usake vaMzaja pajhanAbha ke do putra, dadidaga aura mAdhava, dakSiNa deza cale gaye the, jahA~ 2rI zatI I0 ke anta ke lagabhaga jainAcArya siMhanaMdi kI preraNA aura sahAyatA se unhoMne karNATaka ke prasiddha gaMgarAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| gupta evaM guptottara kAla-320 I. ke lagabhaga gupta rAjya kI sthApanA huI aura kucha hI dazakoM meM usane eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kA rUpa le liyA, jo chaThI zatAbdI ke prAyaH madhya paryanta uttara evaM madhya bhArata kI prAyaH sarvopari rAjya sattA rahA / yaha yuga bhAratIya sAhitya aura kalA kA svarNayuga mAnA jAtA hai| deza samRddha aura sukhI thaa| saMbhavatayA rAmagupta (375-379 I0) ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI gupta nareza vaiSNava dharmAnuyAyI parama bhAgavata the aura paurANika hindU dharma ke vikAsa ke sAdhaka tathA usake prabala poSaka the| jainadharma ke prati ve asahiSNu nahIM the, kintu use rAjyAzraya bhI prApta nahIM thaa| tathApi pradeza meM aneka purAne jaina kendra phalate phalate rhe| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI jaina sampradAyoM ke sAdhuoM kA pradeza meM sarvatra svacchanda vihAra thaa| ___ cInI yAtrI phAhyAna, (409-413 I.) ke yAtrA vatAnta se to prakaTa hai ki usa kAla meM janasAmAnya para khAna-pAna viSayaka jainI ahiMsA kA pUrA prabhAva thA-madya-mAMsa sevana kA pracAra atyanta virala thaa| saMbhavatayA gupta saMvat 57 (376 I0) meM mathurA meM eka jina pratimA prataSThita huI thii| vahIM
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________________ kha - 6 [ 11 eka anya jinapratimA koTeyagaNa kI vera zAkhA ke kisI sAdhu ke upadeza se varSa 97 ( 416 I0 ) meM, tathA eka anya varSa 113 (432 I0 ) meM samrATa kumAragupta ke zAsana kAla meM koTTiya gaNa kI vidyAdharI zAkhA ke datilAcArya ke upadeza se bhaTTibhava kI putrI aura prAtArika gRhamitapAlita kI kuTumbinI ( bhAryA) zAmAyA ne pratiSThita karAI thI / gupta saM0 141 (460 I0) meM samrATa skaMdagupta ke zAsanakAla meM brAhmaNa somila ke prapauta, mahAtmA bhaTTisoma ke pautra yazasvI rudrasoma ke putra, saMsAra cakra se bhayabhIta puNyAtmA bhadra ne kakubha ( gorakhapura jile kA kahAU~) nAmaka sthAna meM paJca- jinendra staMbha kI sthApanA kI thii| isI pAMcavIM zatI I0 ke jaina zilAlekha rAjagRha (vihAra) kI sona bhaMDAra guphA ( lagabhaga 400 I0 ) meM, vidizA (madhyapradeza ) kI udayagiri guphA ( 425 I0 ) aura pahAr3apura ( baMgAla ) ke tAmrapatra ( 479 I0), Adi meM prApta hue haiN| pahAr3apura tAmrapatra se to vidita hotA hai ki isa kAla meM kAzi nivAsI nirgrantha zramaNAcArya guhanandi vizeSa prabhAvazAlI the - uttara pradeza hI nahIM, bihAra aura baMgAla meM bhI unake ziSya-praziSya phaile the / vaha svayaM paMcastUpa nikAya ke sAdhu the / isa jaina saMgha kA nikAsa saMbhavatayA hastinApura (jahAM prAcIna pAMca jaina stUpa the ) athavA mathurA se huA thA aura kAlAntara meM isakA vistAra dakSiNa bhArata ke mahArASTra, karNATaka eva tamila pradezoM taka huA thA / guptakAla ke jaina maMdiroM, mUrtiyoM Adi ke bhAjana zeSa uttara pradeza meM mathurA, hastinApura, devagar3ha, kahAU~, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, ahichatA Adi meM prApta hue haiM, jo usa kAla meM bhI prasiddha kendra rahe / suprasiddha jaina tArkika AcAryaM siddhasena ke bhI isa pradeza meM rahe hone kI sambhAvanA hai / guptattara kAla meM kannauja ke pratApI samrATa harSavardhana ( 606- 647 I0) kA vizeSa jhukAva yadyapi bauddha dharma kI ora thA, vaha prAyaH sarvadharma samadarzI, vidvAnoM kA Adara karane vAlA, udAra aura dAnI nareza thA / vaha rAjadhAnI kannauja tathA prayAga meM jo Avadhika vidvatsammelana kiyA karatA thA unameM vibhinna dharmoM ke sAdhuoM evaM vidvAnoM ko Amantrita karatA thA, jinameM nirgrantha (jaina) sAdhu aura vidvAna bhI hote the / una sabako vaha dAna-mAna se santuSTa karatA thA / usake zAsanakAla meM cInI bauddha yAtrI hvenasAMga isa pradeza meM AyA thA, aura usake yAtrA vRttAnta se patA calatA ki pradeza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM jaina sAdhu, unake anuyAyI aura devAyatana usa kAla meM vidyamAna the / vIradeva kSapaNaka nAmaka jaina vidvAna harSa ke rAjakavi bANabhaTTa kA mitra thA aura suprasiddha bhaktAmara stotra ke racayitA jainAcArya mAnatuMga bhI isI kAla aura pradeza meM hue mAne jAte haiM / vazatI I0 ke pUrvArdha meM kannauja ke pratApI vijetA evaM vidyArasika nareza yazovarmana kA rAjakavi aura prAkRta kAvya 'gaur3avaho' kA raciyatA vAkpati jaina thA / usI zatI ke uttarArdha meM kannauja ke AyudhabaMzI narezoM meM se indrAyudha kA ullekha punnATasaMghI jainAcArya jinasena ne apanI harivaMza purANa ( 783 I0 ) meM kiyA hai / vaha svayaM bhI uttara pradeza meM vicare pratIta hote haiM / isI samaya ke lagabhaga apabhraMza ke prasiddha mahAkavi svayaMbhU hue jinhoMne apabhraMza bhASA meM jaina rAmAyaNa tathA anya kAvyoM kI racanA kI thii| vaha mUlataH uttara pradeza, sambhavatayA kannauja ke hI nivAsI the aura vahAM se calakara dakSiNA patha meM rASTrakUTa samrAToM kI rAjadhAnI meM jA base the / karNATaka ke sAntara Adi kaI sAmanta vaMzoM kA pUrvapuruSa jinadattarAya ( lagabhaga 800 I0) bhI mUlataH uttara pradeza ke mathurA nagara kA nivAsI thA / mathurA ke ugravaMzI nareza rAha upanAma mathurA- bhujaMga kA vaMzaja sahakAra eka duSTa prakRti kA rAjA thA, jo antataH naramAMsabhakSI ho gayA thA / usakI dharmAtmA jaina patnI se jinadattarAya kA janma huA thA, jise apane pitA ke AcaraNa para bar3I glAni huI / ataeva apanI mAtA kI sahamati se vaha dakSiNa deza calA gayA jahAM usane bar3A parAkrama dikhAyA aura kanakapura aparanAma pomburccapura (humacca) meM apane rAjya kI sthApanA kI / jinadattarAya aura usake vaMzaja apane nAma ke sAtha 'mathurAdhIzvara' viruda kA prayoga cirakAla taka karate rahe / kAlAntara meM isa baMza kI kaI zAkhAeM - prazAkhAeM huIM /
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________________ 12 ] kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra-isa vaMza kA mUla sthAna mAravAr3a kA bhinnamAla (zrImAla) nagara thA, aura usake nAgabhaTa prathama, kakkuka, vatsarAja (775-800I.) Adi prArambhika rAje jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| 'raNahasti', 'parabhaTa-bhRkuTi-bhaMjaka' Adi virudadhArI vatsarAja hI kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra sAmrAjya kA saMsthApaka thA aura prAyaH pUre uttara pradeza para usakA zAsana thaa| vaha jainadharma kA samarthaka evaM poSaka thaa| jainayati bappabhaTrisUri kA vaha bar3A sammAna karatA thaa| jinasena ne harivaMza meM aura udyotana sUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai| apane sAmrAjya ke kaI sthAnoM meM usane jinamaMdira aura mUttiyA~ sthApita karAI thiiN| kahA jAtA hai ki svayaM rAjadhAnI kannauja meM usane eka sau hAtha U~cA bhavya jinamaMdira banavAyA thA, jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI svarNamayI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| vatsarAja kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI nAgabhaTa dvitIya nAgAvaloka 'Ama' (800-833 I.) bhI bar3A pratApI, vijetA aura jainadharma kA bhArI prazrayadAtA thaa| jaina sAhitya evaM prabhUta prazaMsA pAI jAtI hai| AcArya bappabhaTrisUri usake guru rahe batAye jAte haiN| aneka vidvAnoM ke anusAra bappabhaTTicaritra meM ullikhita gvAliyara nareza 'Ama' yaha gurjara-pratihAra nAgabhaTa dvi0 hI thA; kucha anya vidvAna kannauja nareza yazovarmana ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI ke sAtha ukta 'Ama' kA samIkaraNa karate haiN| prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra isa nareza kI mRtyu 833 I0 meM gaMgA meM jalasamAdhi dvArA huI thii| mathurA ke prAcIna 'devanirmita' jaina stUpa kA jIrNoddhAra bhI isI ke samaya meM huA batAyA jAtA hai| yaha dharmAtmA rAjA jinendradeva kI bhAMti viSNu, ziva, sUrya aura bhagavatI kA bhI upAsaka thaa| nAgabhaTa dvi. kA pautra evaM uttarAdhikArI mihira bhoja (836-885 I0) kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra vaMza kA sarvamahAna nareza thaa| apanI kuladevI bhagavatI kA vaha bhakta thA, kintu bar3A udAra aura sahiSNu thA aura jainadharma kA bhI prazrayadAtA thaa| isa kAla meM pradeza meM jainadharma kI santoSajanaka sthiti thii| san 862 I0 meM isa paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrI bhojadeva ke zAsanakAla meM usake mahAsAmanta viSNurAma ke prazraya meM luacchagiri (lalitapura jile ke devagar3ha) meM AcArya kamaladeva ke ziSya zrIdeva ne zrAvaka bAja aura gaMgA nAmaka do bhAiyoM dvArA bhagavAna zAntinAtha ke prAcIna maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karAke usake sanmukha kalApUrNa mukhamaMDapa tathA sundara mAnastaMbha nirmApita evaM pratiSThApita karAyA thaa| ina dharmAtmA bhrAtRdvaya kI upAdhi 'goSThika' thI, jisase lagatA hai ki ve kisI vyApArika nigama ke sambhrAnta padAdhikArI the aura ukta zAntinAtha jinAlaya ke TrasTI the| bhoja kA eka vaMzaja mahendrapAla dvitIya (940-946 I0) bhI bhArI vidyA premI, evaM udAra thaa| usake lie jainAcArya somadeva ne rAjanItizAstra ke apane mahAna granthoM, nItivAkyAmRta evaM mahendra-mAtali-saMjalpa kI racanA kI thI, aisA vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa haiN| 11vIM zatI ke prathama pAda ke anta ke lagabhaga mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNoM ne gurjara-pratihAroM kI sattA para mAraNAntika AdhAta kiyaa| kucha dazakoM ke uparAnta kannauja meM gAhaDavAla rajapUtoM kI sattA sthApita huI, jisake aMtima rAjA jayacaMda ko va usake rAjya ko 12vIM zatI ke anta ke lagabhaga muhammadagorI ne samApta kara diyA / isa kAla meM uttara pradeza mukhyatayA kannauja-vArANasI ke gAhaDavAloM, mahobA ke candeloM aura dillI ke tomaroM tathA unake uparAnta cauhAnoM ke bIca ba~TA rhaa| aneka choTI-choTI rAjyasattAeM bhI thiiN| ye saba choTe-bar3e rAje paraspara nitya lar3ate-bhir3ate rahate aura apanI zakti kA hrAsa karate rahate the| jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki musalmAna AkramaNakArI unakA damana karake sahaja hI isa pradeza para adhikAra karane meM saphala ho gye| 9vIM-10vIM zatAbdI meM hI mathurA Adi meM digambara aura zvetAmbara ubhaya sampradAyoM ke pRthaka-pRthaka maMdira sarvaprathama banane prArambha hue| donoM ke hI sAdhuoM ne apane-apane mAthura saMgha yA mAthuragaccha bhI gaThita kiye| digambara paramparA kA mAthura saMgha aura kASThAsaMgha, jisakI eka pramukha zAkhA mAthuragaccha tathA eka dUsarI nadItaTagaccha thI, isI kAla meM udaya meM aaye| zvetAmbara mAthura saMgha ke sarvaprathama ullekha bhI mathurA se prApta 981 I. aura
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________________ [ 13 1077 I0 ke pratimAlekhoM meM hI milate haiN| ukta donoM pratimAoM ke atirikta 10vIM zatI meM eka pArzva pratimA, 1006 I0 meM eka tIrthakara pratimA, 1014 meM pArzvapratimA, 1023 meM eka vardhamAna catubiba tathA eka anya pratimA sarvatobhadrikA, 1047 meM neminAtha pratimA, 1150 meM AdinAtha pratimA, Adi ke mathurA, AgarA, naugAva Adi meM nirmita evaM pratiSThita hone ke ullekha milate haiN| lagabhaga 830 se 1310 I0 paryanta uttara pradeza ke bundelakhaMDa bhUbhAga (jhAMsI, lalitapura, bAMdA, hamIrapura aura jAlauna jiloM) para candelavaMzI narezoM kA zAsana rhaa| unakI prArambhika rAjadhAniyA~, jujhautI aura khajurAho, to madhyapradeza meM haiM, kintu paravartI rAjadhAniyA~, kAliMjara aura mahobA, uttara pradeza meM hI sthita thiiN| candelanareza prAyaH saba zivabhakta the aura maniyA unakI kuladevI thI, tathApi ve sarvadharma sahiSNu the aura unake rAjya meM jainadharma ko paryApta prazraya prApta thaa| unake rAjya ke vartamAna meM madhyapradeza meM sthita khajurAho, ajayagar3ha, canderI, gyArasapura, vilAsapura, ahAra, paporA Adi pramukha nagaroM meM hI nahIM, uttarapradeza ke mahobA, kAlaMjara, devagar3ha, karagavAM, bAnapura, candapurA, dUdAhI, sarona, Adi sthAnoM meM bhI samRddha jainoM kI bar3I-bar3I bastiyAM thIM, jahA~ usa kAla meM aneka jaina maMdiroM evaM mUttiyoM Adi kA nirmANa huaa| jaina kalA ke candelakAlIna avazeSoM kI tatkAlIna bhAratIya mUtti evaM sthApatya zilpa ke sarvotkRSTa udAharaNoM meM gaNanA hai| rAjya ke jainoM ne usa rAjya kI sarvatomukhI unnati meM pUrA yogadAna diyA thaa| kamaladeva, zrIdeva, vAsavacandra, kumudacandra, zubhacandra, guNabhadra Adi aneka prabhAvaka digambara jaina muniyoM evaM vidvAna AcAryoM kA rAjya meM unmukta vihAra hotA thaa| jahAMtaka uttarapradeza kA sambandha hai, 1063 I0 meM. kIttivarmana candela ke zAsanakAla meM devagar3ha meM eka sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kA nirmANa huA thA, 1097 I0 meM kIttivarmana ke mantrI vatsarAja ne devagar3ha kA navIna durga banavAkAra usakA nAma kIrtigiri rakhA thA aura usa samaya eka jinamandira bhI vahA~ banA thA / jayavarmA candela ke samaya meM, 1112 I0 meM mahobA meM kaI jina pratimAeM pratiSThita haI thiiN| madanavarmA ke zAsanakAla meM 1145 I0 se 1163 I0 taka kI eka darjana ke lagabhaga jaina pratimAe~ mahobA meM prApta huI haiM, jinameM 1154 I0 kI neminAtha aura 1156 I0 kI sumatinAtha pratimAe~ rUpakAra lAkhana dvArA nirmita haiM, tathA 1163 I0 kI tIrthakara ajitanAtha Adi kaI pratimAe~ mahobA ke prasiddha jaina seTha ratnapAla evaM usake putroM, kIrtipAla, ajayapAla, vastupAla aura tribhuvanapAla ne eka jinamaMdira banavAkara pratiSThita kI thiiN| maNDalipara meM gahapativaMzI zreSTha mahIpati ke parivAra ne 1151 I0 meM neminAtha jinAlaya banAvAkara usakI pratiSThA karAyI thii| candela paramAla (1165-1203 I.) ke samaya meM aneka jinamaMdira evaM jina-pratimAe pratiSThita haI svayaM rAjadhAnI mahobA meM 1167 I0 meM rAjyAzraya meM eka jainamaMdira kA nirmANa huA thaa| vIravarmana candela ke samaya kI 1274-1278 I0 kI lekhAMkita jaina mUttiyAM milI haiN| akele devagar3ha meM 959 se 1250 I0 taka ke Der3ha darjana se adhika jaina zilAlekha, pratimAlekha, Adi prApta hue haiN| usa yuga meM pAr3AzAha (bhaisAzAha) nAma kA eka bar3A udAra dAnI agravAla jaina dhanakubera huA jise pracalita kimbadaMtiyA~ bundelakhaMDa meM saikar3oM jainamaMdiroM, kUpa, bAvar3I, tar3Aga Adi ke nirmANa kA zreya detI haiN| 8vIM zatI ke anta se lekara 12vIM zatI ke madhya paryanta dillI rAjya para tomara vaMza kA zAsana thA, jinake rAjya meM uttara pradeza ke pazcimI jile (vartamAna meraTha kamiznarI) sammilita the| tomara vaMza ke rAje jainadharma ke prati ati sahiSNu the| anaMgapAla tRtIya (1132 I0) kA rAjya-mantrI naTalasAhu bar3A dhanavAna evaM dharmAtmA jaina zrAvaka thaa| usane dillI meM tathA anyatna aneka jaina maMdira banavAye aura kaI vidvAnoM evaM kaviyoM ko prazraya dekara unase apabhraMza bhASA ke kaI jaina kAvya racavAyeM the|
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________________ 14 ] tomaroM ke uparAnta dillI rAjya para sAMbhara-ajamera ke cauhAnoM kA adhikAra haa| prasiddha rAya pithaurA (pRthvIrAja) kA pitA 'pratApalaMkezvara' somezvara cauhAna to jainadharma kA bhArI prazrayadAtA thaa| jaba vaha ajamera se dillI AyA to apane nagara seTha devapAla ko bhI apane sAtha lAyA thaa| donoM ne hastinApura jaina tIrtha kI yAtrA kI aura vahA~ devapAla ne 1176 I0 meM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kI eka khaDgAsana vizAla puruSAkAra manojJa pratimA pratiSThApita kI thI? AgarA aura iTAvA ke madhya candrapAThadurga (candavADa, vartamAna phirojAbAda) meM 10 vIM zatI ke antima pAda meM candrapAla nAmaka eka cauhAna ne apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| vaha svayaM tathA usakA dIvAna rAmasiMhahArUla jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / candrapAThadurga kA nirmANa karake unadonoM ne 996-999 I0 meM vahA~ mukhya jainamaMdira banavAyA aura usameM apane iSTadeva tIrthaMkara candraprabhu kI manojJa sphaTikamayI pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| candrapAla ke vaMza meM 11-12vIM zatI meM kramaza: bharatapAla, abhayapAla, jAhaDa aura zrIballAla nAma ke rAje hue jo saba jaina the yA nahIM, jainadharma ke poSaka avazya the, aura unake mantrI to jaina hI hote rhe| abhayapAla ke maMtrI amRtapAla ne candavADa meM eka jainamaMdira banavAyA thA, aura saMbhavatayA jAhaDa ke maMtrI soDUsAhu ne bhii| vahIM 1173 I0 meM mAthuravaMzI nArAyaNa sAhu kI deva-zAstra-gurubhakta bhAryA rUpiNI ne zrutapaMcamIvrata ke phala ko prakaTa karane vAlI bhaviSyadatta kathA apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi zrIdhara se likhavAI thii| iTAvA jile ke asAikher3A meM bhI isI cauhAna vaMza kI eka zAkhA sthApita thI-usa sthAna se bhI usa kAla kI aneka jinamuttiyA~ prApta huI haiN| __ mathurA (mahAvana) meM yaduvaMzI rAjapUtoM kA choTA sA rAjya thA, mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa meM mathurA ke dhvasta ho jAne para ye loga bayAnA (jilA bharatapura) meM jA base the| usa kAla kI (981,1006, 1014 I0 Adi kI) mathurA se prApta jaina mUttiyoM se prakaTa hai ki ye yaduvaMzI rAje bhI jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu the| ilAhabAda jile ke kauzAmbI, jaso Adi sthAnoM se bhI usa kAla kI tIrthaMkara pratimAeM milI haiN| akele jaso meM lagabhaga eka darjana mUttiyA~ milI haiM jina se, prayAga saMgrahAlaya ke adhyakSa DA. satIzacanda kAlA ke matAnusAra, prakaTa hai ki kisI samaya jaso jainadharma kA eka acchA kendra rahA hai, yadyapi aba cirakAla se vahA~ kisI jainI kA nivAsa nahIM hai / zrAvastI (baharAica-goMDA) meM 9vIM-11vIM zatI meM jainadharmAnuyAyI dhvajavaMzI narezoM kA rAjya thA, jinameM kramazaH sudhanvadhvaja, makaradhvaja, haMsadhvaja, moradhvaja, suhiladhvaja aura harasiMhadeva nAma ke rAjA hue| isavaMza kA sambaMdha sarayUpAravartI kalacuriyoM (cediyoM) kI kisI zAkhA se athavA prAcIna bharajAti se rahA pratIta hotA hai| una donoM meM hI jainadharma kI pravRtti thii| moradhvaja kA uttarAdhikArI suhiladhvaja yA suheladeva bar3A vIra, parAkramI aura jinabhakta thaa| usane 1033 I0 ke lagabhaga mahamUda gajanavI ke putra ke sipahasAlAra saiyada masaUda gAjI ko baharAica ke bhISaNa yuddha meM burItaraha parAjita karake sasainya samApta kara diyA batAyA jAtA hai| sthAnIya lokakathAoM meM vIra suheladeva prasiddha hai aura unase usakA jaina rahA honA bhI prakaTa hai| uttara pradeza ke avadha Adi pUrvI bhAgoM meM bahalatA ke sAtha pAyI jAne vAlI kAyasthoM kI upajAti zrIvAstava kA nivAsa mUlataH zrAvastI nagarI se huA batAyA jAtA hai| inake eka netA, candrasenIya zrIvAstava trilokacandra ne 918I0 meM sarayU nadI ko pAra karake ayodhyA meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA, jisakA anta 1294 I0 meM muhammada gorI ke bhAI makhadUma zAha jUrana gorI ne ayodhyA para AkramaNa karake kiyA thaa| usI ne vahAM Adideva RSabha ke janmasthAna ke prAcIna maMdira ko dhvasta karake usa sthAna para eka masjida banavAI thii| vaha sthAna Aja bhI
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________________ [ 15 'zAhajarana kA TIlA' kahalAtA hai, aura bhagna masjida ke pIche kI ora RSama janmasthAna kI sUcaka TauMka vidyamAna hai| pI0 kAranegI (1870 I0) ke anusAra ayodhyA kA yaha sarayUpArI zrIvAstava rAjyavaMza jainadharmAnuyAyI thA aura unhIM ke dvArA banavAye hue aneka prAcIna dehure (jinAyatana) abhI bhI vidyamAna hai| inameM se jo baca rahe unakA jainoM dvArA jIrNoddhAra ho cukA hai| avadha gajeTiyara (1877 I0) se bhI ukta zrIvAstava rAjAoM ke jaina rahA hone kI puSTi hotI hai, aura lA0 sItArAma kRta 'ayodhyA ke itihAsa' meM bhI likhA hai ki 'ayodhyA ke zrIvAstava anya kAyasthoM ke saMsarga se bace rahe to madya nahIM pIte aura bahuta kama mAMsAhArI haiN| isI se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ye loga pahale jaina hI the|' usI kAla meM avadha ke rAyabarelI, sultAnapura, unnAva Adi kucha jiloM meM aneka sthAnoM para choTe-choTe bhara rAjya sthApita the| ye bhara loga vIra, svatantratA ke upAsaka aura brAhmaNa vidveSI the| rAjapUta bhI unase ghaNA karate the, aura antataH rAjapUtoM evaM musalamAnoM ne milakara 14vIM zatI meM unheM samApta kara diyaa| ukta jiloM meM bharoM ke samaya kI aneka jina mUttiyA~ milI haiM / kAranegI, kaniMghama Adi sarvekSakoM kA mata hai ki bhara loga jainadharmAnuyAyI the| prAyaH yahI bAta hApur3a-barana-kola ke dhora rAjapUtoM ke viSaya meM hai| isa prakAra pUrva-madhyakAla (lagabhaga 800-1200 I0) meM uttara pradeza ke prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM alpAdhika saMkhyA meM jainoM kA nivAsa thA, unake sAdhu-santa nirdvandva vicarate the, aura pradeza meM sthita unake pramukha tIrthakSetroM ke atirikta anya aneka nagaroM, kasboM aura grAmoM meM unake devAlaya vidyamAna the| pradeza ke kaI jaina atizaya kSetra evaM kalAdhAma to saMbhavatayA isI yuga meM udaya meM Aye / sAhitya sRjana bhI huaa| usa pUre kAla meM isa pradeza meM jainadharma ko zAyada kabhI bhI sunizcita yA ullekhanIya rAjyAzraya prApta nahIM rahA-kisI bhI bar3e rAjyavaMza kA kuladharma, yA kisI bhI rAjya kA rAjyadharma vaha nahIM rahA lagatA tathApi usa yuga meM paurANika brAhmaNa dharma ke pazcAta pradeza kA dUsarA pradhAna dharma jainadharma hI thaa| prAcIna bhArata ke tIsare pradhAna dharma, bauddhadharma kA, pradeza ke bahubhAga para usa yuga meM prAyaH koI prabhAva dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vaizyavarNa kA to bahubhAga jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA aura brAhmaNa, rAjapUta, bhara, kAyastha Adi varNoM evaM jAtiyoM meM bhI usake anuyAyI pAye jAte the| kAlAntara meM (15vIM-16vIM zatAbdiyoM meM) dakSiNAcAryoM ke prayatnoM se pradeza meM vaiSNava dharma kI rAma evaM kRSNa bhakti zAkhAoM ke pracAra-prasAra ke pariNAma svarUpa jainapaizyoM kA bahabhAga zanaiH-zanaiH gaiSNavadharma meM dIkSita hotA gayA, kyoMki ina sampradAyoM kA AcAra-vicAra jaina acAra-vicAra se nikaTatama thaa| vastutaH, pradeza meM jaina janatA kI saMkhyA evaM sthiti jaisI ukta pUrvamadhyakAla meM rahI, usake pUrvavartI gupta evaM guptottara kAloM meM usase vizeSa bhinna nahIM thii| yadi ukta kAloM se sambandhita purAtAttvika Adi pramANa ati virala haiM, to koI aisA saMketa bhI nahIM hai ki pradeza meM kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI jainoM para koI bhISaNa atyAcAra huA ho, unakA sAmUhika saMhAra huA ho, athavA pradeza se bar3I saMkhyA meM unakA niSkAsana huA ho| jahA~ taka jainadharma ke Antarika vikAsa aura svarUpa kA sambandha hai, digambara-zvetAmbara saMghabheda hone ke samaya (prathamazatI I0 kA anta) se lekara madhyayuga ke prArambha (lagabhaga 1200 I0) paryanta uttara pradeza meM digambara sampradAya kA bAhulya rahA-yahI sthiti usake uparAnta bhI prAyaH vartamAna kAla taka calI A rahI hai| kintu usa pUrNakAla kI yaha vizeSatA thI ki sampradAyabheda sAdhuoM taka hI sImita thA, janatA meM digambara-zvetAmbara jaisA koI bheda prAyaH nahIM thaa| pradeza meM donoM hI AmnAyoM ke tIrthasthAna, mandira, anya dhArmika smAraka tathA devamUttiyA~ abhinna yiiN| usa kAla kI samasta upalabdha arhata yA tIrthaMkara mUttiyA~ digambara haiN| janatA donoM hI AmnAyoM ke sAdhu
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________________ 16 ] sAdhviyoM kA samAna rUpa se Adara karatI thii| nauMvI-dasavIM zatI meM hI sarvaprathama digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM ke maMdira pRthaka-pRthaka bananA prArambha hue, aura pratimAoM meM bhinnatA to aura bhI bahuta bAda meM aaii| dUsare, yadyapi tatkAlIna tAntrika matoM evaM vAmamArgoM ke prabhAvoM se jainadharma ne svayaM ko sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bacAye rakkhA, usameM yakSa-yakSiyoM (zAsanadeviyoM), kSetrapAla Adi kI pUjA aura unake Azraya se mantra-tantroM kA pracAra, ahiMsA evaM sadAcAra kI sImA meM rahate hue, bar3hA / tatkAlIna nAthapaMtha ke prabhAva meM katipaya jainasAdhuoM ne AdinAthI, neminAthI, pArasanAthI jaise yoga pradhAna paMtha bhI calAye jo jogI panthoM meM antarbhUta ho gaye lagate haiN| joindu, rAmasiMha, denasena prabhRti kaI ne apane sarala apabhraMza dohoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma kA vaha AdhyAtmika rUpa prastuta kiyA jo prAraMbhika rakha, kabIra, nAnaka, dAda Adi nirgaNa dhArA ke rahasyavAda kA AdhAra banA lagatA hai| tIsare, pUrNamadhyakAla kA jainadharma tatkAlIna paurANika brAhmaNadharma, vizeSakara bhAgavata tathA usase udbhUta naiSNava dharma se bhI paryApta prabhAvita huA / vizeSakara gRhastha ke SoDaza saMskAroM, pUjA-anuSThAna Adi ke ADambara aura varNa evaM jAti prathA ke kSetroM meM jainadharma kI maulika jAtibheda virodhI nIti ke viparIta jainasamAja meM bhI jAtivAda Ane lagA aura jAtiyA~ rUr3ha hone lgii| madhyayuga madhyayaga ke prAraMbha meM UparI dRSTi se dekhane vAle kisI videzI ko eka sthAna meM sAtha-sAtha rahane vAle, bahadhA eka jAtIya, samAna bhASA, nAmAdi, vezabhUSA, khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana evaM rIti-rivAjoM vAle jainoM aura vaiSNavAdi hinduoM ke madhya koI bheda na dikhAI par3anA yA na kiyA jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| bahudhA eka hI parivAra ke vibhinna strI-puruSa sadasya jaina, vaiSNava, zaiva, nAthapaMthI Adi hote the| unake vibhinna dhArmika vizvAsoM kA unake pArivArika sambandhoM evaM pArivArika ekasUtratA para bhI prAya: vizeSa prabhAva nahIM par3atA thaa| yahAM taka hone lagA ki eka jaina apane sajAtIya vaiSNava ke sAtha to roTI-beTI vyavahAra nissaMkoca kara letA thA, kintu bhinna-jAtIya jaina ke sAtha vaisA karane meM jhijhakatA thA-yathA eka agravAla jaina svayaM ko khaMDelavAla jainoM kI apekSA agravAla vaiSNavoM ke adhika nikaTa samajhatA thA-kama se kama jAtIya evaM sAmAjika dRSTi se / yahI bAta anya jaina jAtiyoM ke viSaya meM thii| madhyakAla meM videzI zAsana se utpanna viSama paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa paradA prathA, bAla vivAha, anamela vivAha, vidhavA vivAha para pratibandha, satIprathA, jAtiprathA kI rUr3hatA, Adi udaya meM AIM aura uttarottara bar3hatI gyiiN| sAtha hI gRhasthoM ke dharma-karma para sAdhuoM, yAtiyoM, bhaTTArakoM, zrIpUjyoM Adi mahaMtazAhI dharmaguruoM aura brAhmaNa purohitoM kA prabhAva evaM niyantraNa bhI uttarottara bar3hatA gayA / saMkhyA, zakti aura prabhAva meM bhI hAni hotI gyii| jAtIya evaM dhArmika jIvana ke hrAsa kA hI vaha yuga thaa| 12vIM zatI ke anta se lekara 18vIM zatI ke anta paryanta, lagabhaga 600 varSa ke isa madhyakAla kI sabase bar3I aitihAsika vizeSatA isa deza meM madhya eziyAI musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa aura svadezI rAjasattAoM ko dhIre-dhIre samApta karake athavA parAdhInatA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3a kara apane rAjyoM kI sthApanA hai| bhAratIya rAjanIti, artha vyavasthA, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika jIvana meM eka navIna, aparicita, prabala evaM virodhI yA pratikUla tatva kA praveza haA, jisane vividha prakAra kI uthala-puthala, krAntiyoM aura AndolanoM ko janma diyA, aura deza kA svarUpa bahuta kucha badala ddaalaa| uttara pradeza kI janatA ko musalamAnoM kA prathama sAkSAt paricaya 11vIM zatI I0 ke prathama pAda meM maMdiramUrti-bhaMjaka mahamUda g2az2anavI ke luTere AkramaNoM ke mAdhyama se huA thaa| mahamUda ne 1018I0 meM barana (bulandazahara) ke rAjA ke haradatta para AkramaNa karake use parAdhIna kiyA, mahAvana aura mathurA ko lUTA, vahA~ sthita vizAla evaM kalApUrNa
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________________ [ 17 kha --- 6 devamandiroM ko jalAkara bhasma kara DAlA, tadanantara kannauja ko lUTA aura phira candeloM ke rAjya para AkramaNa kiye / na jAne kaise mahamUda kI vidhvaMsalIlA se mathurA ke kaMkAlI evaM caurAsI para sthita jaina mandira aura mUttiyA~ baca gii| yA to ye sthAna usake mArga se haTakara par3ate the, athavA itane jIrNa-zIrNa evaM dhana sampatti vihIna the ki unakI ora luTeroM kA dhyAna hI nahIM gayA / mahamUda ke uttarAdhikArI ke sipahasAlAra masaUda ne bhI 1033 I0 meM prAyaH samasta uttara pradeza ko rauMda DAlA thA, aisI kiMvadantiyAM haiM, aura yaha bhI ki antataH baharAica ke yuddha meM AvastI ke jaina nareza suhiladeva ne use parAjita karake sasainya mAra DAlA thaa| usake bAda bhI do eka bAra gajanI ke sultAnoM ke senAniyoM ne isa pradeza para luTere AkramaNa kiye / dhana, jana, maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI bahuta kucha kSati hone para bhI ina AkramaNoM kA pradeza para vizeSa yA sthAyI koI prabhAva nahIM huA / 12vIM zatI ke aMtima dazaka meM gaz2anI ke hI sulatAna muhammada gorI ne bhArI senA lekara pradeza para AkramaNa kiye, talAvar3I ke yuddha (1192 I0) meM dillIzvara pRthvIrAja aura usake rAjya ko samApta kiyA, tadanantara candravAda ke yuddha meM kannauja nareza jayacanda aura usake rAjya kA anta kiyaa| do-tIna varSa ke bhItara hI gorI aura usake gulAma evaM senApati kutubuddIna aibaka ne meraTha se vArANasI paryanta prAyaH pUre uttara pradeza para apanA phaujI zAsana sthApita kara diyaa| Age ke lagabhaga 300 varSa paryanta kramazaH gulAma, khilajI, tugalaka, saiyada aura lodI vaMzoM ke musalmAna sultAnoM ne dillI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAkara prAyaH pUre uttara pradeza para zAsana kiyaa| vastutaH gaMgAyamunA ke doAbe kA yaha dhana-janapUrNa pradeza hI dillI ke sulatAnoM kI zakti evaM samRddhi kA pradhAna srota thA, aura ise hI ve hindustAna kahate the| pradeza kI dezI rAjya sattAe~, do-eka choTe-moTe apavAdoM ko chor3akara saba zanaiH zanaiH samApta kara dI gii| jina rAjadhAniyoM, nagaroM, durgoM Adi para sulatAnoM ne adhikAra kiyA unheM to jI bhara ke lUTA aura dhvasta kiyaa| maMdiroM aura mUrtiyoM ko tor3anA, maMdiroM ko masjidoM meM paMDitoM aura dharmAtmAoM ko kAphira kaha kara unakA apamAna karanA, tAsa denA, hatyA kAla ke 'musalamAna zAsaka aura inake sAdharmI anucara sabAba kA kAma samajhate the / unake pradezoM meM svabhAvataH bhAratIya dharmoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI zocanIya sthiti thI / pratyeka vyakti, varga yA samudAya ke lie apane jAna, mAla, ijjata, dharma aura saMskRti kI rakSA kI samasyA satat aura sarvopari thii| aura yadi ve hindU, jaina Adi tathA unakA dharma aura saMskRti jaise-taise bace rahe to isIlie ki unheM sarvathA samApta kara denA athavA musalamAna banA DAlanA una zAsakoM ke lie bhI azakyAnuSThAna thA / vaisA karanA unake rAjanItika, prazAsanika aura Arthika hitoM meM bhI nahIM thaa| isake atirikta bAharI dabAva evaM arakSAbhaya kI pratikriyA bhItarI saMgaThana evaM AtmarakSA kI pravRtti ko bala detI hai / inhIM kAraNoM se usa kAla meM pradeza meM jainIjana, unakA dharma aura saMskRti jIvita raha ske| saMkhyA avazya ghaTatI gaI aura vyApArapradhAna vaizya varga meM sImita hotI gii| uttaramadhyakAla meM pradeza ke aneka jaina samajAtIya evaM prAyaH samAna AcAra-vicAra vAle vaiSNavoM meM parivartita hue / dillI ke sulatAnoM meM koI-koI apekSAkRta udAra aura vibhinna dharmo ke vidvAnoM kA Adara karane vAle bhI hue alAuddIna khilajI (1296 1316 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM dillI kA nagara seTha pUrNacandra nAmaka agravAla jaina thaa| bAdazAha ke saMketa para usane dakSiNApatha se digambarAcArya mAdhavasena se dillI padhArane kI prArthanA kii| AcArya Aye aura unhoMne dillI meM kASThAsaMgha kA paTTa sthApita kiyA, jo gata zatAbdI ke anta taka calatA rhaa| uttara pradeza ke agravAla jainoM meM mukhyatayA isI paTTa ke bhaTTArakoM kI AmnAya calatI rhii| kucha hI varSoM bAda AcArya prabhAcandra ne dillI meM nandisaMgha kA paTTa sthApita kiyA, senasaMgha kI bhI gaddI sthApita huI aura zvetAmbara paTTa bhI sthApita huaa| sulatAna muhammada tugalaka ne digambarAcArya prabhAcandra kA aura zvetAmbarAcArya jinaprabhasUri parivartita karanA, sAdhu-saMtoM, karane meM bhI na cUkanA usa dvArA adhikRta evaM zAsita
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________________ 18 ] kA sammAna kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| ina AcAryoM ne, vizeSakara jina prabhasUri ne sulatAna se pharamAna prApta karake saMghasahita uttara pradeza ke mathurA, hastinApura Adi jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI thii| usa kAla kI phArasI tavArIkhoM meM jainoM kA ullekha sayUragAna (sarAvagAna-zrAvaka kA apabhranza) nAma se huA hai| phiroja tugaluka ne bhI ina sayUragAna ke paMDitoM se azokastaMbha-lekhoM ko par3hane meM sahAyatA lI thii| ina staMbhoM meM se eka to vaha sulatAna meraTha se hI uThavAkara dillI le gayA thaa| 1424 I0 meM saMghapati sAhu holicandra nAmaka dhanavAna, dAnazIla evaM dharmAtmA zrAvaka ne devagar3ha Adi meM aneka jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura dharmotsava kiye the| nandisaMgha ke AcArya prabhAcandra ke praziSya aura AcArya padmanandi ke ziSya bhaTTAraka zubhacandra usake guru the / unakI preraNA se usane ukta varSa devagar3ha meM muni vasantakIti aura muni padmanandi kI tathA kaI tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAI thiiN| usake dvArA kiye gaye dharmotsavoM meM usake svayaM ke putra-pautroM Adi kA tathA anya aneka zrAvaka zreSThiyoM kA bhI sahayoga rhaa| devagar3ha meM 1436 I0 meM bhI eka jina mandira-mUrti pratiSThA huI thii| AgarA ke pUrva-dakSiNa aura gvAliyara ke utara meM, yamunA aura cambala ke madhyavartI pradeza meM asAIkher3A (jilA iTAvA) ke bharoM kA rAjya pUrvakAla meM thaa| asAIkher3A ke bhara jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, jaisA ki vahAM se prApta 9vI-10vIM zatI kI jaina mUrtiyoM evaM mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSoM se vidita hotA hai| una bharoM ke uparAnta candrapAla cauhAna ne candravAr3a (phirojAbAda) meM apanA rAjya jamAyA thaa| usakA tathA usake nikaTa uttarAdhikAriyoM aura unake jaina maMtriyoM kA ullekha pIche kiyA jA cukA hai| candrapAla ke isa cauhAna rAjya meM rAyabaddiya, raparI, hathikanta, zauripura, AgarA Adi anya prasiddha nagara yA durga the| kAlAntara (15vIM-16vIM zatI) meM aTera, hathikanta aura zauripura (ye saba sthAna AgarA jile meM haiM) meM nandisaMgha ke digambara jaina bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyAM bhI sthApita ho gii| candravAr3a ke cauhAna nareza ballAla ke uttarAdhikArI Ahavamalla (lagabhaga 1257) ke samaya meM usake pitA ke mantrI soDU sAhu kA jyeSTha putra ratnapAla (ralhaNa) rAjya kA nagaraseTha thA aura kaniSTha putra kRSNAditya (kaNha) pradhAna mantrI evaM senApati thaa| dillI ke gulAmavaMzI sulatAnoM ke viruddha isa jaina vIra ne kaI saphala yuddha kiye the| usane rAjya meM aneka jinamandiroM kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thA aura 1256 I0 meM tribhuvanagiri (bayAnA jilA) nivAsI jaisavAla jaina kavi lakSmaNa (lAkhU) se apabhraMza bhASA meM 'aNuvrataratnapradIpa' nAmaka dharmagraMtha kI racanA karAI thii| kavi ne isa dharmaprANa vIra rAjamaMtrI ke sadguNoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| kRSNAditya kA bhatIjA zivadeva bhI zreSTha vidvAna evaM kalAmarmajJa thA aura apane pitA ratnapAla ke pazcAt rAjya kA nagaraseTha niyukta huA thaa| kaI pIr3hI paryanta rAjyamAnya banA rahane vAlA sampanna evaM dharmadhurandhara seThoM aura kuzala rAja maMtriyoM kA yaha parivAra candravAr3a ke cauhAna rAjya kA pramukha stambha thaa| isa samaya taka sambhavatayA rAyavaddiya mukhya rAjadhAnI rahI aura candravAr3a uparAjadhAnI, tadanantara candravAr3a hI mukhya rAjadhAnI ho gii| kahA jAtA hai ki candravAr3a meM 51 jinapratiSThAeM huI thiiN| rAjA saMbharirAya kA maMtrI yaduvaMzI-jaisavAla jaina sAhu jasadhara yA jasaratha (dazaratha) thA aura rAjA sAraMgadeva kA maMtrI dazaratha kA putra gokarNa thA jisane 'sUpakArasAra' nAmaka pAkazAstra kI racanA kI thii| gokarNa kA putra somadeva rAjA abhayacanda (abhayapAla dvitIya) taura usake uttarAdhikArI jayacanda kA pradhAna maMtrI thA / isI kAla meM (1371yA 1381 I0 meM) candrapAThadurga nivAsI mahArAjaputra rAvata gao ke pautra aura rAvata hotamI ke putra cunnIdadeva ne apanI patnI bhaTTo tathA puna sAdhusiMha sahita kASThAsaMdhI bhaTTAraka anantakIrtideva se eka jinAlaya kI pratiSThA karAI thii| rAjA jayacanda kA uttarAdhikArI rAjA rAmacandra thA jisake pradhAna mantrI somadeva ke putra sAhu bAsAdhara the| unake chaha anya bhAI tathA jasapAla, ratnapAla, puNyapAla,
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________________ [ 19 candrapAla Adi ATha putra bhI suyogya, dharmAtmA evaM rAjya kI sevA meM tatpara the| vAsAdhAra kI bhAryA udayazrI pativratA, suzIla aura caturvidha saMgha ke lie kalpadruma thii| svayaM mantrIzvara vAsAdhara parama jinabhakta, devapUjAdi SaTakarmoM meM rata, aSTamUlaguNoM ke pAlana meM tatpara, vizuddha cittavAle, paropakArI, dayAlu, udAradAnI, bahuloka mitra, rAjanIti paTu evaM svAmIbhakta the| candravAr3a meM unhoMne eka vizAla evaM kalApUrNa jinamandira banavAyA thA tathA aneka purAne mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| unhoMne 1397 I0 meM gujarAta nivAsI kavi dhanapAla se apabhraMza bhASA meM bAhubalicaritna nAmaka kAvya kI racanA karAI thii| yaha kavi bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke bhakta-ziSya the aura unhIM ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA karate hue candravAr3a A pahu~ce the| vAsAdhara ne ukta prabhAcandra ke paTTadhara dillI-paTTAcArya bhaTTAraka padmanandi se saMskRta bhASA meM 'zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra' nAmaka graMtha kI racanA karAI thii| isa grantha meM vAsAdhara ko lambakaMcuka (lamecu) vaMzI likhA hai-sambhava hai ki jaisavAloM kI hI eka zAkhA lamecu nAma se prasiddha haI ho| isI kAla meM candravAr3a ke padmAvatapuravAla jAtIya dhanakubera seTha kunthudAsa hue, jinhoMne rAjA rAmacandra aura unake putra rudrapratApa ke samaya meM apanI apAra sampatti se rAjya kI Ar3e vakta meM prazaMsanIya sahAyatA kI thii| unhoMne candravAr3a meM eka bhavya jinAlaya banavAkara usameM hIrA, pannA, mANikya, sphaTika Adi kI anekoM bahamUlya pratimAeM pratiSThita karAI thIM tathA apabhraMza bhASA ke gvAliyara nivAsI mahAkavi ra Indhu se 'puNyAsravakathA' evaM 'vesaTha-mahApuruSa-guNAlaMkAra' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa graMthoM kI racanA karAI thii| rAjA rudrapratApa dvArA sammAnita candravAr3a ke eka anya jaina seTha sAha tosau ke putra sAha nemidAsa the jinhoMne dhAtu, sphaTika, muMge Adi kI aneka pratimAeM banavAkara pratiSThita karAI thiiN| iTAvA jile ke karahala nAmaka sthAna meM cauhAna sAmanta rAjA bhojarAja kA rAjya thaa| usake mantrI yaduvaMzI amarasiMha jainadharma saMpAlaka the| unhoMne 1414 I0 meM vahAM ratnamayI jinabiMba nirmANa karAke mahata pratiSThotsava kiyA dhA / unake cAra bhAI, patnI kamalazrI aura nandana, soNiga evaM loNAsAhu nAma ke tInoM putra bhI udAra, dharmAtmA aura vidyArasika the| vizeSakara sAha loNA mallinAthacaritra ke racayitA kavi jayamitra halla aura 'pArzvanAthacaritra' ke kartA kavi asavAla ke prazaMsaka evaM prazrayadAtA the / unhoMne 1422 I0 meM, bhojarAja ke putra rAjA saMsAracaMda (pRthvIsiMha) ke zAsanakAla meM, apane bhAI soNiga ke lie ukta kavi asavAla se 'pArzvanAtha caritra' kI racanA karAI thii| 14vIM zatI ke anta aura 15vIM ke prAramma meM, lagabhaga do dazaka paryanta dillI meM phiroja tugalaka ke ayogya vaMzajoM kA zAsana thA, jise taimUralaMga ke luTere AkramaNa (1398 I0) ne dhvasta prAyaH kara diyaa| usane uttara pradeza ke meraTha Adi pazcimI jiloM ko bhI rauMda DAlA thaa| tadanantara dillI meM lagabhaga : saiyada sulatAnoM kA aura tatpazcAt pauna zatI paryanta lodI sulatAnoM kA zAsana rhaa| isa kAla meM prAyaH sabhI prAMtoM meM svatantra sulatAnI zAsana sthApita ho gaye the / uttara pradeza ke pUrvI bhAga meM bhI jaunapura ke zarkI sulatAnoM kA zAsana thaa| isa kAla se hI jaunapura meM jaina jauhariyoM va vyApAriyoM kI acchI bastI thii| sulatAna mahamUdazAha zarkI ne to 1450 I. ke lagabhaga karNATaka ke jainAcArya siMhakIti ko apane darbAra meM sammAnita bhI kiyA pratIta hotA hai / dillI ke sulatAnoM kA zAsana kSetra bahuta saMkucita ho gayA thA, kintu bahubhAga uttara pradeza para phira bhI unakA adhikAra banA rahA / ina sulatAnoM meM syAt sikandara lodI (1489-1517 I0) sarvAdhika zaktizAlI thA / usane vartamAna AgarA nagara basAkara vahAM durga banavAyA aura use apanI uparAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isameM usakA mukhya uddezya AgarA ke AsapAsa phaile candravAr3a, asAIkher3A, karahala Adi ke cauhAnoM aura aTera, hathikaMta Adi ke bhadauriyA rAjAoM ko niyantraNa meM rakhanA tathA doAba kI Aya ko surakSita rakhanA thaa| sikandara lodI ke rAjya
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________________ 20 ] meM apekSAkRta atyadhika sukAla thA, cIjeM sastI thIM aura prajA meM sukha-zAnti thI, kintu vaha apane dharma kA kaTTara pakSapAtI aura hindU, jaina Adi ke prati asahiSNu bhI thaa| mathurA Adi ke mandiroM ko tor3akara usane unake sthAna meM masajideM bhI banavAI thiiN| vicinna saMyoga hai ki usI yuga meM, 1490-1492 I0 meM eka rAjasthAnI jaina dhanakubera zAha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla ne dillIpaTTAdhIza bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke uttarAdhikArI AcArya jinacandra se anaginata jina-pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAI thIM aura chakar3oM meM ukta pratimAoM ko bharakara vaha seTha tathA usake guru eka vizAla saMgha ke sAtha samasta jainatIrthoM kI yAtrA ko nikale the| mArga meM par3ane vAle pratyeka jinamandira meM ve yathAvazyaka pratimAe~ padharAte gaye the| jahAM koI mandira nahIM thA vahAM navIna caityAlaya sthApita karate gaye / Aja bhI uttara pradeza ke prAyaH pratyeka digambara jaina mandira meM eka yA adhika zveta saMgamarmara kI pratimAeM vi0 saM0 1548 (1491 I0) meM zAhajIvarAja pApar3IvAla ke lie ukta bhaTTAraka jinacandra dvArA pratiSThata pAI jAtI haiN| prAyaH usI yuga meM, dUsarI ora kaI jaina santoM ne sUdhAraka Andolana uThAye, jinameM madhya pradeza ke tAraNasvAmI kA tAraNapaMtha, gujarAta meM kar3avAzAha kA zrAvakapaMtha aura lauMkAzAha kA laukAgaccha, jo kAlAntara meM sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha haA, pramukha the| ye navIna jaina paMtha adhikAMzataH sAdhumArgI the aura mUrtipUjA evaM mandiroM kA virodha karate the| uttara pradeza meM ina paMthoM kA jo kucha thor3A sA prabhAva huA, vaha tatkAla nahIM, bahuta pIche huaa| prAyaH isI kAla meM hathikanta (hastikAMta)-zauripura meM nandisaMgha ke digambara bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI sthApita huI / ukta donoM sthAna AgarA jile meM haiM aura una donoM meM hI ukta paTTa ke pITha the / isa paTTa meM kramazaH lalita kIrti, dharmakIti (1554 I0), zIla bhUSaNa, jJAnabhUSaNa (1630 I.), jagatabhUSaNa, vizvabhUSaNa (1665 I0), devendrabhUSaNa (1677 I0), surendra bhUSaNa (1703-34I0), jinendra bhUSaNa (1771 I0), mahendra bhUSaNa (1818 I0), rAjendra bhUSaNa (1863 I0), aura harendra bhUSaNa (1888 I0) nAma ke bhaTTAraka 16vIM zatI ke prArambha se 19vIM ke anta paryanta hue / ina bhaTTArakoM ne zauripura Adi tIrthoM kA saMrakSaNa evaM prabhAvanA to kI hI, apane pITha ko eka uttama sAMskRtika evaM jJAna kendra banAye rakkhA aura svayaM tathA apane aneka tyAgI evaM gRhastha ziSyoM se paryApta sAhitya kI racanA bhI kraaii| prAyaH pUrI AgarA kamiznarI (vartamAna) ke jaina jana unake sIdhe prabhAvakSetra meM the, uttara pradeza ke zeSa bhAga meM dillI ke vibhinna padoM se sambandhita bhaTrArakoM aura yatiyoM kI AmanAyeM calatI thiiN| pUrva mugalakAla yA madhyayuga ke pUrvArdha ke muniyoM, bhaTTArakoM, yatiyoM, brahmacAriyoM Adi jaina sAdha-santoM ne prAkRta aura saMskRta jaisI pratiSThita bhASAoM ko chor3akara apabhraMza tathA usase bikasita haI dezabhASA hindI ko apane upadezoM evaM racanAoM kA mAdhyama banAyA aura isa prakAra na kevala hindI ke prArambhika vikAsa ko protsAhana diyA varana Ane vAlI zatAbdiyoM ke gahastha jaina kaviyoM evaM sAhityakAroM kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyaa| unhoMne apanI dharmasaMsthA meM samayAnukUla parivartana bhI kiye, sAmpradAyika naimanasya (hindU-muslima Adi) ko kama karane meM yoga diyA, apane prabhAva se janatA evaM kabhI-kabhI zAsakoM ko prabhAvita karake apane dharma aura saMskRti kI surakSA kI, janatA meM sphUrti, dharmabhAva evaM naitikatA ko sajaga banAye rakhane meM yoga diyaa| tathApi AtatAiyoM kI kudaSTi se apanI bahUbeTiyoM kI rakSA karane ke lie paradA, bAla vivAha, anamela vivAha, satI, chUtachAta, jAtipA~ti kI kaThoratA Adi kuprathAe~ bhI sAmAnya hinduoM kI bhA~ti jaina samAja meM bhI ghara karatI giiN| 1526 I0 meM pAnIpata ke yuddha meM ibrAhIma lodI ko harAkara mugala bAdazAha bAbara ne AgarA aura dillI para adhikAra kiyA aura mugala rAjya kI nIMva ddaalii| kintu itihAsa prasiddha mugala sAmrAjya kA vAstavika
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________________ kha - 6 [ 21 saMsthApaka, nirmAtA aura usakA sarvamahAna, pratApI evaM zaktizAlI nareza akabara mahAna ( 1556 - 1605 I0 ) thA / nyAyapriya, udAranIti, dhArmika sahiSNutA, guNagrAhakatA, vIroM, vidvAnoM evaM kalAkAroM kA samAdara Adi guNoM ke lie yaha samrATa prasiddha hai| usane hindU aura jaina tIrthoM para pUrNavartI sulatAnoM dvArA lagAye gaye karoM aura jajiyA kara ko samApta kara diyA / hinduoM kI bhA~ti aneka jaina bhI rAjakIya padoM para niyukta hue aura rAjya mAnya hue| kaTTara mullA-maulaviyoM ke prabhAva se zAsana ko mukta karane ke lie 1579 I0 meM samrATa ne dharmAdhyakSa kA pada bhI svayaM grahaNa kara liyA / usI varSa rAjadhAnI AgarA ke jainoM ne vahAM eka digambara jaina mandira kA nirmANa karake bar3e samAroha ke sAtha bimbapratiSThA mahotsava kiyA / akabara ke rAjyakAla meM isa pradeza meM lagabhaga do darjana jaina sAhityakAroM evaM kaviyoM ne sAhitya sRjana kiyA, kaI prabhAvaka jaina santa hue, yatra-tatra jina mandiroM kA nirmANa huA, jaina tIrthayAtrA saMgha cale, aura jaina janatA ne kaI zatiyoM ke pazcAta punaH dhArmika saMtoSa evaM zAnti kI sAMsa lii| svayaM samrATa ne prayatna pUrvaka tatkAlIna jaina guruoM se samparka kiyA aura unake upadezoM kA lAbha uThAyA / usake AmantraNa para AcArya hIravijayasUri 1582 I0 meM gujarAta se calakara AgarA padhAre / samrATa ne dhUmadhAma ke sAtha unakA svAgata kiyA aura unakI vidvattA evaM upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara unheM 'jagadguru' kI upAdhi dI / vijayasenagaNi ne akabarI darbAra meM 'Izvara karttA harttA nahIM hai' viSaya para bhaTTanAmaka brAhmaNa paMDita ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karake bAdazAha se 'savAI' upAdhi prApta kI / yati bhAnucandra sUrya-sahasranAma kI racanA karake 'pAtazAha akabara jalAluddIna sUrya-sahasranAmAdhyApaka' kahalAe aura apane phArasI bhASA ke jJAna ke lie samrATa se 'khuzaphahama' upAdhi prApta kI / unake nivedana para bAdazAha ne apane nIroga hone kI khuzI meM kI jAne vAlI kurbAnI ko banda karavA diyA thA / isI prakAra muni zAnticandra ke upadeza se samrATa ne IdujjuhA (bakarIda) para hone vAlI kurbAnI banda karA dI thii| munijI ne kurAna kI AyatoM tathA musalamAnoM ke anya aneka dharmagraMthoM ke AdhAra se zAhI darbAra meM yaha siddha kara diyA thA ki 'kurbAnI kA mAMsa aura rakta qhudA ko nahIM pahuMcatA, vaha rahImularahamAna isa hiMsA se prasanna nahIM hotA, balki parahejagArI se prasanna hotA hai, roTI aura zAka khAne se hI roje kabUla hote haiM / ' bIkAnera ke nirvAsita rAjyamaMtrI karmacanda bacchAvata kI preraNA se khambhAta ke muni jinacandra sUri ko samrATa ne Amantrita kiyaa| muni jI ne 'akabara - pratibodharAsa' likhA aura 'yugapradhAna ' upAdhi prApta kI / unake sAtha unake kaI ziSya sAdhu bhI Aye the / muni padmasundara ne bAdazAha ke lie 'akabara zAhI zraMgAradarpaNa' kI racanA kii| kahA jAtA hai ki jaba zAhajAde salIma ke ghara mUlanakSatra meM kanyA kA janma huA to jyotiSiyoM ne use bar3A aniSTakara batAyA / bAdazAha ne apane pramukha AmAtyoM se parAmarza karake karmacanda bacchAvata ko jainadharmAnusAra grahazAnti kA upAya karane kA Adeza diyA / astu, caitra zukla pUrNimA ke dina svarNa rajata kalazoM se tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA bar3e samArohapUrvaka abhiSeka aura zAnti-vidhAna kiyA gyaa| anuSThAna kI samApti para samrATa apane putroM evaM darabAriyoM sahita vahAM AyA, abhiSeka kA gandhodaka vinayapUrvaka mastaka para car3hAyA, antaHpura meM begamoM ke lie bhI bhijavAyA, aura ukta jina mandira ko dasa sahasra mudrAe~ bheMTa kIM / samrATa akabara ne gujarAta Adi prAntoM ke sUbedAroM ko isa Azaya ke pharamAna bhI jArI kiye ki mere rAjya meM jainoM ke tIrthoM, mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ko jo tanika bhI kSati pahuMcAyegA vaha bhISaNa daNDa kA bhAgI hogA / usane jaina tIrthoM ko rAjyakara se mukta kiyA, khambhAta kI khAr3I meM machaliyoM ke zikAra para pratibandha lagAyA, aSTAnhA ke jaina parva meM amAri ghoSaNA kI, varSa meM saba milAkara Der3ha-paune do sau dinoM meM sampUrNa rAjya meM pazubadha banda kiyA, gorakSA ko protsAhana diyA /
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________________ 22 ] usa kAla ke zilAlekhoM, pharamAnoM Adi ke atirikta tatkAlIna jaina sAhityakAroM ne bhI samrATa kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai-pANDe rAjamalla (1575 I.) ne likhA hai ki 'dharma ke prabhAva se samrATa akabara ne jajiyAkara banda karake yaza kA upArjana kiyA hai, hiMsaka vacana usake mukha se bhI nahIM nikalate the, jIvahiMsA se vaha sadA dUra rahatA thA, apane dharma rAjya meM usane dyUtakrIr3A aura madyapAna kA bhI niSedha kara diyA thA kyoMki madyapAna se manuSya kI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha kumArga meM pravRtti karatA hai|' pANDe jinadAsa ne bhI 'jambUsvAmIcaritra' (1585 I0) meM akabara kI sunIti aura surAjya kI prazaMsA kii| kavi parimala ne 'zrIpAlacaritra' (1594 I0) meM samrATa kI prazaMsA, usake dvArA gorakSA ke lie kiye gaye prayatnoM, AgarA nagara kI sundaratA, vahAM jainavidvAnoM ke satsamAgama aura unakI nitya hone vAlI vidvadgoSThiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai / vidyAharSasUri ne 'aMjanAsundarIrAsa' (1604 I.) meM jaina guruoM ke prabhAva se samrATa dvArA gAya, bhaiMsa, baila, bakarI Adi pazuoM ke badha kA niSedha, purAne kaidiyoM kI bandIgRha se mukti, jaina saMtoM ke prati Adara bhAva, dAna-puNya ke kAryoM meM utsAha Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne apane Atmacaritra meM likhA hai ki jaba jaunapura meM apanI kizorAvasthA meM unhoMne samrATa akabara kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunA thA to vaha mUchita hokara gira par3e the tathA janatA meM sarvatna nAhi trAhi maca gaI thii| samrATa ke mitra evaM amAtya abulaphajala ne apanI suprasiddha 'AIne-akabarI' meM bhI jainoM aura unake dharma kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isa grantha ke nirmANa meM usane jaina vidvAnoM kA bhI sahayoga liyA thA-baMgAla Adi kI rAjyavaMzAvalI unhIM kI sahAyatA se saMkalita kI gayI batAI jAtI hai| hIravijayasUri Adi kaI jaina guruoM kA ullekha bhI usa grantha meM haA hai| phatehapura sIkarI ke mahaloM meM apane jaina garuoM ke baiThane viziSTa jaina kalApUrNa pASANanimita chatarI banavAI thI jo 'jyotiSI kI baiThaka' kahalAtI hai| 'AIne-akabarI' meM samrATa akabara kI kucha uktiyA~ bhI saMkalita haiM jo usake jIvadayA, zAkAhAra, sAmAjika naitikatA Adi viSayaka manobhAvoM kI paricAyaka haiN| pUrtagAlI jesuiTa pAdarI pinhero ne 1595 I0 meM apane bAdazAha ko AgarA se bheje gaye patra meM likhA thA ki akabara jainadharma kA anuyAyI ho gayA hai, vaha jaina niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai, jaina vidhi se Atmacintana aura AtmArAdhana meM bahudhA lIna rahatA hai, madya-mAMsa aura cUta ke niSedha kI usane AjJA pracArita kara dI hai, ityAdi / smitha Adi aneka Adhunika itihAsakAra bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki samrATa akabara jainadharma para bar3I zraddhA rakhatA thA aura jainaguruoM kA bar3A Adara karatA thA tathA yaha ki usake ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa mullA-maulavI aura aneka musalamAna sardAra usase asantuSTa ho gaye the| astU, jainadharma ke sAtha isa sarvadharma samadarzI udAra nareza ke kyA aura kitane, kama yA adhika, sambandha rahe, yaha vivAdAspada ho sakatA hai, tathApi jaina itihAsa meM usakA ullekhanIya sthAna hai, aura vaha isalie ki kisI bhI jainetara, vizeSakara musalamAna, samrATa se jainadharma, jaina garuoM aura jaina janatA ko usa yaga meM jo saMrakSaNa, poSaNa aura sanmAna prApta ho sakatA thA vaha samrATa akabara ke zAsanakAla meM jitanA huA, utanA kisI bhI anya zAsana kAla meM nahIM huaa| yahAM taka kahA jAtA hai ki kaI sthAnoM meM usane jina mandiroM ko toDa kara unake sthAna meM banAI gayI masjidoM ko bhI tur3avAkara phira se jina mandira banavAne kI AjJA de dI thii| svayaM uttara pradeza ke sahAranapura nagara ke prasiddha siMdhiyAna jaina mandira ke viSaya meM aisI hI kiMvadaMtI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki mugala samrATa akabara ke samaya meM uttara pradeza meM jainadharma bhalI prakAra phala-phUla rahA thaa| prAyaH sabhI pramukha nagaroM evaM kasboM meM dhanI jainoM kI acchI bastiyA~ thIM aura unake dharmAyatana vidyamAna the| akabara ke uttarAdhikArI jahAMgIra (1605-27 I.) ne sAmAnyatayA apane pitA kI dhArmika nIti kA anusaraNa kiyA, apane pUre janmamAnasa meM, saptAha meM pratyeka guruvAra evaM ravivAra ke dina aura apane rAjyAbhiSeka
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________________ [ 23 ke dina sampUrNa rAjya meM mAMsAhAra evaM prANibadha kA niSedha kara diyA / yati mAnasiMha ko usane 'yugapradhAna' upAdhi dI aura unake tathA anya jaina guruoM ke sAtha jaba-taba dArzanika carcA bhI karatA thaa| usake zAsanakAla meM pradeza meM kaI navIna jinamandira bhI bane, apane dharmotsava manAne aura tIrthayAtrA karane kI bhI jainoM ko svatantratA thii| rAjA bhAramala, hIrAnanda mukIma jaise kaI jaina seTha samrATa ke kRpApAtra the| brahmarAyamalla, banavArIlAla, vidyA kamala, brahmagulAla, guNasAgara, tribhuvanakIrti, bhAnukIrti, sundaradAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, kavi viSNu, kavi nanda, kavi jagat Adi aneka jaina sAdhu evaM gRhastha vidvAnoM ne usa yuga meM nirAkulatApUrvaka sAhitya sevA kI, kavi jagata ne to 'yazodhara carita' meM AgarA nagara kI sundaratA, 'nRpati nUradIzAhi' (jahAMgIra) ke caritra evaM pratApa kA tathA usake sukha-zAnti pUrNa rAjya meM hue dharmakAryoM kA acchA varNana kiyA hai / paNDita banArasIdAsa kI vidvadgoSThI usa kAla meM AgarA nagara meM jama rahI thI aura yaha jaina mahAkavi apanI udAra kAvyadhArA dvArA hindU-muslima ekatA ko protsAhana de rahe the tathA adhyAtmarasa pravAhita kara rahe the / aisI anuzruti hai ki yaha paNDita pravara jaunapura ke navAba cinakalIcakhAM ke hindI-saMskRta ke zikSaka rahe the, aura jahAMgIra ke uttarAdhikArI zAhajahAM (1628-58I0) ke musAhaba bhI rahe tathA bahudhA usake sAtha zataraMja khelA karate the| jaba cittavRtti rAjyasamparka Adi laukika kAryoM se aura adhika virakti haI to unhoMne bAdazAha kI musAhabI se chadrI le lii| unakI vidvadagoSThI utsAha ke sAtha calatI rahI, jisameM ucca koTi ke dasiyoM vidvAna sammilita hote the| dillI, lAhaura, multAna Adi sudUrastha pramukha nagaroM ke jaina vidvAnoM se bhI isa satsaMga kA samparka banA rahatA thaa| zvetAmbara yati evaM digambara bhaTTAraka, aillaka, kSullaka, brahmacArI Adi rAjadhAnI AgarA evaM pradeza meM vicarate rahate the| zItala (yA zAnti) nAmaka eka nagna jaina muni kA bhI usa kAla meM AgarA meM AnA pAyA jAtA hai| saMbhavatayA yaha vahI zItalamuni haiM jinakA 1647 I0 meM ayodhyA meM samAdhimaraNa huA thA-vahAM eka ToMka meM unake lekhAMkita caraNacinha sthApita haiN| usa kAla meM svayaM banArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, pANDe hemarAja, pANDe rUpacanda, pANDe harikRSNa, bhaTTAraka kavi sAlivAhana, yatilUNasAgara, pRthvIpAla, vIradAsa, kavi sadhArU, manoharalAla, kharagasena, rAyacandra, jagajIvana | vidvAnoM ne vipula sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| svayaM paM0 banArasIdAsa ke 'ardhakathAnaka' (1641 I.) nAmaka advitIya Atmacaritra meM to tatkAlIna kendrIya evaM prAntIya va sthAnIya zAsana, vANijya-vyApAra, lokadazA rAjya meM jainoM kI sthiti Adi kA sajIva citraNa prApta hotA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI amUlya hai| usase yaha bhI vidita hotA hai ki pradeza ke ayodhyA, vArANasI, mathurA, hastinApura, ahicchA Adi jaina tIrthoM para gamanAgamana hotA rahatA thA, aura prAyaH sabhI nagaroM meM alpAdhika saMkhyA meM agravAla, osavAla, zrImAla Adi jaina seTha evaM vyApArI pAye jAte the| AgarA, phirojAbAda, jaunapura, khairAbAda, zAhajahAMpura, ilAhAbAda, meraTha, iTAvA, kola (alIgar3ha), sahAranapura, vArANasI, Adi jainoM ke acche kendra the| ___ zAhajahAM kA uttarAdhikArI auraMgajeba (1658-1707 I0) kaTTara musalamAna aura dhArmika dRSTi se atyanta asahiSNa thA, ataeva usake samaya meM rAjya kI nIti meM bhArI parivartana huaa| kintu prAyaH sampUrNa bhAratavarSa para usakA prabhutva thA, usakI zakti aura samRddhi sarvopari thI, zAsanatantra bhI sudRr3ha rahA aura sAmAnyatayA sAmrAjya ke kendrIya bhAgoM meM arAjakatA nahIM thii| usake zAsanakAla meM jainoM ko bhI pahale jaisI dhArmika svatantratA to nahIM thI, phira bhI upAdhyAya yazovijaya, Anandaghana, devabrahmacArI, bhaiyA bhagautIdAsa, jagatarAya, ziromaNidAsa, jIvarAja, lakSmIcandra, bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa, surendra bhUSaNa, kavi vinodIlAla Adi zreSTha jaina sAhityakAra hue| alAhAbAda ke nikaTa zahajAdapura ke nivAsI kavi vinodIlAla ne to 'zrIpAla caritra' (1690 I0) meM likhA hai ki 'isa samaya auraMgazAha balI kA rAjya hai, jisane svayaM apane pitA ko bandI banAkara siMhAsana prApta kiyA thA aura cakravartI ke samAna samudra se samudra paryanta apane sAmrAjya kA vistAra kara liyaa|'
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________________ 24 ] 1556-1707 I0, lagabhaga 150 varSa kA akabara Adi cAra bAdazAhoM kA samaya mugala sAmrAjya kA utkarSakAla evaM svarNayuga thaa| madhyakAlIna uttara pradeza ke jaina dharma kA bhI vaha svarNayuga thaa| usa kAla meM pradeza meM aneka prasiddha dharmaprANa evaM laukika abhyudaya prApta karane vAle jaina hue, jinameM se kaI vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| bhaTAniyAkola (alIgar3ha) se Akara argalapura (AgarA) meM basane vAle agravAla jaina pAsA sAhu ke suputra ToDara sAhu samrATa akabara ke kRSNa maMgala caudharI nAmaka eka uccapadastha adhikArI ke vizvasta mantrI the| AgarA kI zAhI TakasAla ke adhIkSaka the| svayaM samrATa taka unakI pahu~ca thii| unakI dharmAtmA bhAryA kA nAma kasUmbhI thA, aura RSabhadAsa, mohanadAsa, rUpacanda evaM lachamanadAsa nAma ke cAra suyogya putra the| sArA parivAra dhArmika, vidyArasika aura dAnazIla thaa| sAhu ToDara ne rAjAjJA lekara mathurA nagara ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha kA uddhAra kiyA thA, prAcIna stUpoM ke jIrNa-zIrNa ho jAne ke kAraNa vahAM 514 navIna stUpa nirmANa karAye, dvAdaza dikapAla Adi kI sthApanA kI aura 1573 I0 meM bar3e samAroha ke sAtha vahAM pratiSThotsava kiyA jisameM caturvidha saMgha ko Amantrita kiyA thaa| AgarA nagara meM bhI unhoMne eka bhavya jinamaMdira banavAyA thA, jisameM 1594 I0 meM hamIrIbAI nAma kI AtmasAdhikA brahmacAriNI rahatI thii| mathurAtIrtha ke uddhAra ke upalakSya meM sAhu ToDara ne pAMDe rAjamalla se saMskRta meM aura paM0 jinadAsa se hindI meM 'jambUsvAmIcaritra' kI racanA karAI thii| unake suputra sAha RSabhadAsa ne paMDita nayavilAsa se AcArya zubhacandra ke 'jJAnArNava' nAmaka prasiddha jaina yogazAstra kI saMskRta TIkA likhAI thii| samrATa akabara ke eka zAhI khajAMcI, zAhI TakasAla ke eka adhikArI tathA kRpApAtra anucara agravAla jaina sAharanavIrasiMha the, jinakI sevAoM se prasanna hokara samrATa ne unheM pazcimI uttara pradeza meM eka jAgIra pradAna kI thii| vahAM unhoMne sahAranapura nagara basAyA, jisakI zAhI TakasAla ke adhyakSa bhI vahI niyukta hue| unhoMne kaI sthAnoM meM jaina maMdira banavAye / unake pitA rAjA rAmasiMha bhI rAjyamAnya vyakti the aura suputra seTha gulAbarAya bhii| karmacanda bacchAvata bIkAnera rAjya ke mantrI the, kintu rAjA rAmasiMha kisI kAraNa unase ruSTa ho gayA to vaha AgarA samrATa akabara kI zaraNa meM cale Aye aura mRtyu paryanta yahIM rhe| samrATa unakA bahuta mAna karatA thA aura mukhyatayA unhIM ke mAdhyama se usakA gujarAta ke zvetAmbarAcAryoM se samparka huaa| AgarA ke osavAla jaina seTha hIrAnanda mukIma atyanta dhanavAna evaM dharmAtmA sajjana the| zAhajAdA salIma (jahAMgIra) ke to vaha khAsa jauharI aura vizeSa kRpApAtra the| san 1604 I0 meM vaha samrATa evaM zAhajAde kI anumatipUrvaka eka vizAla jaina yAtrA saMgha samoda zikhara le gye| isa saMgha meM aneka sthAnoM ke jaina sammilita hue, jinameM jaunapura se paM0 banArasIdAsa ke baragasena jauharI bhI the| bar3e ThATha-bATa se yaha tIrtha yAtrA huI, vipUla dravya vyaya huA aura pUrA eka varSa laga gyaa| jahAMgIra ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke uparAnta unake upalakSya meM seTha hIrAnanda ne 1610 I0 meM samrATa ko darabAriyoM sahita apane ghara Amantrita kiyA aura bar3I zAnadAra dAvata dii| seTha ke Azrita kavi jagat ne isa samAroha kA var3A AlaMkArika evaM AkarSaka varNana kiyA hai| agale varSa seTha ne AgarA meM yati labdhivardhanasUri se eka bimba pratiSThA kraaii| unake putra sAha nihAlacandra ne bhI 1631 I0 meM AgarA meM eka pratiSThA karAI thii| jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla meM hI AgarA meM eka anya jaina dhanakubera saMghapati sabala siMha moThiyA the, jinake rAjasI vaibhava aura zAhI ThATha kA paM0 banArasIdAsa ne A~khodekhA varNana kiyA hai / usase prakaTa hai ki usa kAla ke pramukha jaina sAhUkAra svayaM mugaloM kI rAjadhAnI meM bhI kitane dhana-vaibhava sampanna evaM prabhAvazAlI the| AgarA ke jaina saMgha kI ora se AcArya vijayasena ko 1610 I0 meM jo vijJaptipatra bhejA gayA thA, usa para vahAM ke jina 88 zrAvaka-pramukhoM aura saMghapatiyoM ke hastAkSara the, unameM sabalasiMha kA bhI nAma thaa| anya hastAkSara karane vAloM meM vardhamAna ku~varajI dalAla, jinake sAtha banArasIdAsa Adi ne 1618 I0 meM ahicchatA aura hastinApura kI yAtrA
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________________ [ 25 kI thI, AgarA ke motIkaTare meM motiyoM kA vyApAra karane vAle sAha bandIdAsa, tArAcandra sAhu Adi seTha the / paM0 banArasIdAsa ne bhI prArambha meM jaunapura meM pitA ke sAtha javAharAta kA paitRka vyApAra kiyA, phira ilAhAbAda meM bhI kucha dina kiyA aura anta meM AgarA meM Akara basa gaye- vahIM anta taka vyApAra bhI karate rahe aura dharma evaM sAhitya kI sAdhanA bhI karate rahe / kha - 1 AgarA jile ke TApU yA Tappala grAma ke nivAsI padmAvatI puravAla jaina brahmagulAla candravAr3a ke cauhAna rAjA kIrtisiMha ke darabArI, siddhahasta abhinetA aura kuzala loka kavi the - bAda meM jaina muni ho gaye the / AgarA ke agravAla jaina seTha tihunA sAhu ne eka vizAla jinamaMdira ( deharA) banavAyA thA jisameM 1635 I0 meM prasiddha siddhAnta-marmajJa paM0 rUpacandra kucha dina rahe the - paM0 banArasIdAsa aura unake sAthiyoM ne inheM guru mAnya kiyA thA / svayaM paM0 rUpacanda kuhadezastha salemapura (zAyada pharrukhAbAda jile meM ) ke nivAsI the aura vArANasI meM unhoMne zikSA prApta kI thI, kucha dina dariyApura ( bArAbaMkI jile kA dariyAbAda) meM bhI rahe, dillI aura AgarA meM bhI rahe - adhikatara samaya unakA yatra-tatra bhramaNa, sAhitya sRjana aura jJAna prasAra meM vyatIta huA / zauripura ke bhaTTAraka jagatbhUSaNa kI AmnAya ke golA pUrvavaMzI zrAvaka divyanayana ke pautra aura mitrasena ke putra saMghapati bhagavAnadAsa ne, jo bar3e dhana sampanna evaM dharmAtmA the, inhIM paMDitajI se 1635 I0 meM 'bhagavat samavasaraNAcaMna vidhAna' kI saMskRta bhASA meM racanA karAI thI / 1671 I0 phatehapura ke navAba alaphakha ke dIvAna tArAcandra ne yati lakSmIcandra se zubhacandrAcAryakRta 'jJAnArNava' kA brajabhASA meM padyAnuvAda karAyA thA / ku~varapAla evaM sonapAla do osavAla jaina sahodara the aura kuzala vyApArI the / ye AgarA ke nivAsI the, kintu paTanA jA base / unhoMne mirjApura meM eka jina maMdira banavAyA thA / baMgAla-bihAra ke suprasiddha jagatseTha gharAne ke pUrvapuruSa hIrAnanda zAha bhI AgarA ke hI nivAsI the, jo 1661 I0 ke lagabhaga paTanA meM jA base the / 1 1707 I0 meM auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke uparAnta mug2ala sAmrAjya kI zakti, vistAra, samRddhi aura pratiSThA kA drutavega se hrAsa hone lagA / nAdirazAha durrAnI aura ahamadazAha abdAlI ke bhayaMkara AkramaNoM, lUTamAra aura narasaMhAra ne use mRtaprAya kara diyaa| rahI-sahI kasara marAThoM aura sikkhoM kI lUTa-pATa ne pUrI kara dI / sAmrAjya ke sabhI prAntoM ke sUbedAra svatantra ho gaye, aura svayaM uttara pradeza meM, avadha ke navAba, ruhelakhaNDa ke ruhele paThAna aura pharrukhAbAda ke baMgaza paThAna prAyaH svatantra zAsaka bana gaye / isa durAvasthA kA lAbha aMgreja vyApAriyoM ne uThAyA aura baMgAla, karnATaka-madrAsa, bambaI se zurU karake apanI rAjyasattA jamAnI aura usakA vistAra karanA prArambha kara diyA / pariNAma yaha huA ki eka sau varSa ke bhItara hI deza kA rAjanaitika mAnacitra sarvathA badala gayA, aura 1857 I0 ke svAtantrya samara kI saphalatA ke bAda to aMgreja hI pUre deza ke niSkaMTaka zAsaka bana gaye / isa prakAra Der3ha sau varSa ( 1707 - 1857 ) kA yaha kAla bhAratIya itihAsa kA andhayuga hai aura usakA itihAsa arAjakatA, vizRMkhalatA, azAnti, naitika patana tathA thor3e se sarvathA aparicita videziyoM dvArA isa mahAdeza ko parAdhInatA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3ate jAne kA hI lajjAjanaka itihAsa hai / usa yuga meM ghora arAjakatA, azAnti, mArakATa, lUTakhasoTa, IrSyA-dveSa, vaira-virodha evaM sarvavyApI patana ke bIca, jaba choTe-bar3e kisI kI bhI mAna-maryAdA, prANa aura dhana surakSita nahIM the, dharma aura saMskRti jaise prakAzapuMjoM kI bAta uThAnA hI vyartha hai- unakI ora dhyAna dene kA kise avakAza thaa| bhAratavarSa ke anya bhAgoM kI apekSA bhI uttara pradeza meM sthiti adhika zocanIya thI / usa kAla ke bAdazAha, rAje, raIsa, navAba, sAmanta aura saradAra adhikatara yA to nirmama luTere evaM krUra atyAcArI the, athavA kAyara, AlasI, vilAsI aura durAcArI the / kisI ko bhI apanI sthiti ke sthAyitva kA
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________________ 26 ] bharosA na thaa| pradeza meM usa kAla meM kisI bhI tejasvI mahAtmA, santa, samAja sudhAraka yA nispRha jananetA ke hue hone kA patA nahIM cltaa| logoM kI samasta ucca evaM zubha yA sadpravRttiyAM luMThita-kuMThita ho gaI thiiN| janajIvana sattvavihIna sA thA / sArvajanika zikSA kA abhAva, rUr3hivAditA, saMkIrNatA, aMdhavizvAsa aura kurItiyA~ prAyaH pratyeka samAja meM ghara kara gaI thiiN| pradeza kI jaina janatA bhI ina duSprabhAvoM se achUtI nahIM bcii| paMthavAda aura sAmpradAyika vaimanasya bhI ubharane lge| jainoM kI saMkhyA, samRddhi aura dhArmikatA para bhI viparIta prabhAva par3e hii| tathApi pradeza ke jina nagaroM, kasboM aura grAmoM meM ve base hue the, vahA~-vahA~ bane bhI rahe, aura jaba kabhI tathA jahA~-kahIM kucha zAnti yA suzAsana rahA to unhoMne usakA lAbha bhI utthaayaa| jaba 1722 I. meM sAdatakhA~ avadha kA sUbedAra niyukta huA, jo avadha kI navAbI kA saMsthApaka bhI huA, to usake sAtha dillI se usake khajAMcI lAlA kezarIsiMha bhI sAtha Aye, jo agravAla jaina the| ayodhyA hI usa samaya sUbe kI rAjadhAnI thii| unhoMne 1724 I0 meM hI ukta tIrtha ke pA~ca prAcIna jinamaMdiroM evaM ToMkoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA aura isa Adi jaina tIrtha ke vikAsa evaM jainoM ke lie usakI yAtrA kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| isa samaya ke lagabhaga jhAMsI jile ke nivAsI maMju caudharI ur3IsA prAnta ke kaTaka nagara meM jA base aura thor3e hI varSoM meM vahA~ atyadhika mAna aura pratiSThA prApta kara lii| avadha ke navAba AsaphUTaulA (1775-1797 I.) ke samaya meM navAba ke khAsa jauharI lakhanaU ke osavAla jaina baccharAja nAhaTA the jinheM navAba ne 'rAjA' kI upAdhi dI thii| usI samaya kharataragacchAcArya jinaakSayasUri ne lakhanaU ke soMdhI TolA sthita yatichattA meM apanI gaddI sthApita kI aura pArzvanAtha svAmI kA mandira banavAyA, jo isa nagara kA sarvaprAcIna zvetAmbara mandira hai| digambara mandira macchIbhavana (lachamana TIlA) ke nikaTa, jahA~ vikToriyA pArka hai, pahale se hI vidyamAna thaa| rAjA baccharAja nAhaTA Adi lakhanaU nivAsI 36 zvetAmbara zrAvaka-zrAvikaoM ne eka sacina vijJaptipana bheja kara dillI se bhaTTAraka jinacandrasUri ko bhI Amantrita kiyA thaa| san 1800 I. ke lagabhaga dillI ke zAhI khajAMcI rAjA harasukharAya evaM unake suputra rAjA suganacandra ne hastinApura tIrtha kA punaruddhAra kiyA aura vahA~ eka ati vizAla digambara jaina mandira nirmANa karAyA thaa| unhoMne anya aneka sthAnoM meM bhI jinamandira banavAye the| prayAga (ilAhAbAda) ke sAha horIlAla ne 1824 I0 meM kauzAmbI ke nikaTa prabhAsa parvata (pabhosA) para jinamandira banavAyA thaa| prAyaH isI samaya sahAranapura ke saMsthApaka sAha ranavIrasiMha ke vaMzaja sAligarAma aMgreja sarakAra kI ora se dillI ke khajAMcI niyukta hue the| mathurA ke prasiddha seTha dharAne kA udayakAla bhI prAyaH yahI hai / isa gharAne ke prathama puruSa seTha manIrAma ne mathurA ke caurAsI TIle para jambUsvAmI kA mandira banavAyA aura nagara meM dvArakAdhIza kA suprasiddha mandira bhI bnvaayaa| alIgar3ha nivAsI AdhyAtmika saMtakavi paM0 daulatarAma jI kA seTha manIrAma bar3A Adara karate the aura unheM kucha samaya apane pAsa bulAkara bhI rakhA thaa| manIrAma ke supUtra seTha lakSmIcanda ke samaya meM mathurA kA yaha seTha gharAnA apane caramotkarSa para thA aura ve aMgrejoM dvArA bhI sampUrNa bhArata ke agraNI sAhUkAroM meM mAnya kiye jAte the| tadanantara, seTha raghunAtha dAsa evaM unake putra rAjA lakSmaNadAsa ke samaya taka bhI isa seTha gharAne kI- Ana-bAna bahuta kucha banI rhii| kalakattA ke vizvavizruta udyAnamandira (zItalanAtha jinAlaya) ke nirmAtA rAya badrIdAsa mUlata: lakhanaU ke hI nivAsI the jo 19vIM zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga kalakattA jA base the aura vahIM javAharAta kA apanA paitRka vyApAra apUrva saphalatA ke sAtha calAyA thaa| isa arAjakatA kAla meM uttara pradeza meM kaI jaina vidvAna, sAhityakAra evaM kavi bhI hue, yathA hathikanta ke bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa, paM0 jinadAsa, paM. hemarAja (iTAvA), kavi bulAkIdAsa (AgarA), kavivara dyAnatarAya
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________________ [ 27 (AgarA), kavi bhUdharamalla yA bhUdharadAsa (AgarA), jayapura ke suprasiddha vacanikAkAra paM0 daulatarAma bhI kucha samaya AgarA meM rahe, bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti, bha0 surendra bhUSaNa, pAMDe harikRSNa, kezodAsa, pAMDe lAlacanda, nathamala bilAlA, vilAsarAya, kavi devadatta, indrajIta, gulAbarAi, jhunakalAla, prAgadAsa, manasukhasAgara, bhUdhara mizra, kamala nayana, sadAnanda, hIrAlAla, santakavi paM0 daulatarAma, nandarAma, chatrapati Adi / Adhunika yuga 1857 se 1947 I0 paryanta ke samaya ko Adhunika yuga hI kaha sakate haiM, jisakA prArambha 1857 I0 ke svAtantrya samara kI viphalatA ke pariNAmasvarUpa pradeza meM aMgrejI zAsana kI pUrNatayA sthApanA se hotA hai / ukta samara kA, jise itihAsa pustakoM meM bahudhA gadara yA sipAhIvidroha kahA gayA hai, pradhAna raNakSetra uttara pradeza hI thA, aura pradeza ke nivAsI jainoM ne bhI usake kuphala evaM suphala bhoge tathA usameM yoga bhI diyaa| eka ora deza videzI dAsatA meM baMdhA aura zAsakoM ne apane deza aura jAti ke hita meM usakA bharapUra zoSaNa kiyA, to dUsarI ora cirakAla ke uparAnta punaH janatA ne sukha-zAnti kI sAMsa lii| sucAru zAsana vyavasthA, nyAya prazAsana, dhanajana kI surakSA, vyApAra Adi kI unnati, zikSA kA pracAra-prasAra, dhArmika svatantratA, sAmAjika sudhAra, rASTrIya bhAvanA kI jAgRti aura svatantratA ke lie chir3A cirakAlIna saMgharSa- isa yuga kI prayukha vizeSatAeM rhiiN| udyogadhandhoM aura yAtAyAta evaM saMcAra ke sAdhanoM meM druta vikAsa, chApekhAne kA pracAra, samAcAra patroM kA prakAzana aura rASTrIya, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika jAgRti ke udbhAvaka prAyaH pratyeka kSetra meM aneka sacce netAoM kA udaya sabane milakara deza ke sarvatomukhI punarutthAna kI sAdhanA meM yoga diyaa| uttara pradeza kI jaina samAja ne bhI uparokta sabhI sadpravRttiyoM meM apane Antarika utthAna ke hita bhI, aura pradeza evaM rASTra ke sArva utthAna ke lie bhI, apanI saMkhyA evaM zakti ke anupAta meM paryApta yoga diyA aura pariNAmoM kA lAbha utthaayaa| vividha prakAra ke aneka saMgaThana, sabhAe~, saMsthAe~ sthApita kI, sudhAra Andolana calAkara aneka sAmAjika kurItiyAM dUra kii| jahA~ kahIM bhI jainoM kI tanika bhI acchI bastI rahI, ekAdhika samAjasevI, dharmapremI, zikSA pracAraka netA aura kAryakartA hue| unameM tyAgI saMta bhI the yathA yati nayanasukhadAsa, bra0 bhagavAnadAsa, bra0 zItala prasAda, paM0 gaNeza prasAda varNI, bAbA bhAgIratha varNI, bAbA lAlamanadAsa, mahAtmA bhagavAna purAnI zailI ke zAstrI paM0 bhI the, yathA paM0 vRndAvanadAsa, paM0 baladevadAsa pATanI, guru gopAladAsa baraiyA, paM0 pannA lAla nyAyadivAkara, paM0 umarAva siMha, paM0 mANika candra, paM0 narasiMhadAsa, paM0 zrIlAla Adi; pAzcAtya zikSA prApta samAjacetA yathA rAjA zivaprasAda sitArehiMda, bAbU dayAcanda goyalIya, bairisTara jagamandara lAla jainI, bairisTara campatarAya, mAsTara cetana lAla, muMzI mukundarAya, bAbA sUrajabhAna vakIla, paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, jotI prasAda 'premI', bholAnAtha darakhzA, bAbU sultAna siMha vakIla, bAbU RSabhadAsa vakIla, bAbU ajita prasAda vakIla, rA0 ba0 dvArakA prasAda iMjIniyara, DipTI kAlerAya, DipTI nandakizora, DipTI ujAgaramala Adi; seThoM meM mathurAdAsa Tar3ayA lalitapura, mathurA ke seTha raghunAthadAsa aura rAjA lakSmaNadAsa, sAhu caMDI prasAda dhAmapura, lAlA
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________________ 28 ] jambUprasAda sahAranapura, sAhu salekhacanda evaM rA0ba0 jugamandara dAsa najIbAbAda ityAdi / vibhinna kSetroM ke anaginata mahAnubhAva rahe / uttara pradeza ke jainadharma, saMskRti aura samAja kA jaisA kucha bhavana vartamAna hai, isa yuga meM usakI nIMva banakara usake punanirmANa kA zreya uparokta tathA tadprabhRti sajjanoM ko hI hai| astu sabhya yuga ke Adima kAla se vartamAna paryanta mahAdeza bhAratavarSa ke sAMskRtika hRtpradeza isa uttara pradeza kA jaina dharma aura usakI saMskRti ke sAtha avicchinna ghaniSThatama sambandha rahatA AyA hai| pradeza ke saubhAgyadurbhAgya, utthAna-patana, sukha-dukha ko pradeza ke jainoM ne sadaiva se usake abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM bhogA hai aura sadaiva bhogeNge| pradeza ke janajIvana aura rASTrIya jIvana ke ve abhinna aMga haiM aura rheNge| unakI saMskRti samRddha hai aura dharma evaM darzana prANavAna haiM pattA-pattA bUTA-bUTA hAla hamArA jAne hai| jAne na jAne gula hI na jAne, bAga to sArA jAne hai / /
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________________ uttara pradeza ke jaina tIrtha evaM sA~skRtika kendra " siddhakSetre mahAtIrthe purANapuruSAdhite / kalyANakalite puNye dhyAna siddhiH prajAyate // " -- jJAnArNavaH amarakoSakAra ne 'nipAna-AgamayostIrtham RSi juSTe jalegurI' sUtra dvArA 'tIrtha' zabda ke aneka artha kiye haiM / mUlataH sAgaratIravartI vaha sthAna athavA nadI kA vaha ghATa jahA~ se use pAra kiyA jAtA hai, 'tIrtha' kahalAtA hai / ataeva jo tirAde yA pAra karA de, athavA tirane yA pAra ho jAne meM jo sahAyaka ho, sAdhaka ho vahI 'tIrtha' hai / pratIkArtha meM, jisa dharmazAsana ke Azraya se janma-maraNa rUpa duHkhArNava se pAra hokara samasta AtmavikAroM se mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai, use bhI 'tIrtha' kahate haiM, aura taba vaha 'dharma' kA paryAyavAcI hotA hai / usa dharma - tIrtha ke pravarttaka, uddhAraka evaM vyavasthApaka 'tIrthaMkara' kahalAte haiM / ve tathA unake anusarttA, mokSamArga ke ekaniSTha sAdhaka muni, AryikA Adi guru jaMgamatIrtha kahalAte haiM - isIlie unheM 'tinnANaM tArayANaM' arthAt taraNa tAraNa kahA jAtA hai / unase sambaddha bhUmiyA~, sthala Adi sthAvara tIrtha kahalAte haiM / RSabhAdi cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se aMtima, vardhamAna mahAvIra ke udaya se pUrva prabuddha jagata meM eka becainI thI, jisakI abhivyakti pArzvaparamparA ke mahAvIrakAlIna kezimuni ke zabdoM meM dhvanita hai aMdhiyAre tame ghore, ciTThati pANiNo bahU / ko karissei ujjoyaM savva logaMmi pANiNaM // aura usakA uttara mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya, gautama gaNadhara ne tatkAla diyA thAugao vimalo mANU, savvalogappamakaro | so kariesai ujjoyaM, savva logaMmi pANiNaM // ! aura samasta loka ke hRdaya ko Alokita karane vAlA vaha vimala bhAskara thAnissaMsayakaro mahAvIro jiNuttamo / ) rAgabosa- bhayAvIvo dhammatItthassakArao || ! isa prakAra, mahAvIra prabhRti tIrthaMkaroM ne sarvajJa- vItarAga sarvahitaMkara banakara dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA dvArA prANiyoM ke abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa kA patha prazasta kiyA thaa| DUbatI utarAtI cetanAoM se ota-prota vizva-pravAha ko apanI sAdhanA se kATakara jo AtmAnubhUti meM sthita ho rahatA hai, aisA parama sAdhaka aura siddha hI tIrthaMkara hotA hai
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________________ 30 ] manuSya se Izvara banane kI prakriyA hI tIrthakaratva hai, aura saMsAra-pravAha se bacane kI prakriyA hI 'tIrtha' hai| isa dharmatIrtha aura saMskRti kA avinAbhAvI sambaMdha hai-eka dUsare kA pUraka hai| dharma saMskRti ko aitihAsikatA evaM viziSTatA pradAna karatA hai tathA use avagAhana yogya banAtA hai, to saMskRti apane gatizIla AMtarika saMsparza se dharma ko saMvedanazIla, saprANa evaM paristhitiyoM meM sakSama banAye rakhatI hai| ukta bhAva-tIrtha ke bhautika pratIka ve pAvana sthala haiM jahA~ tIrthaMkaroM ko garbhAvataraNa, janmotsava, dIkSAgrahaNa, kevalajJAna prApti aura nirvANalAbha huA thA, jahA~ anya mokSagAmI mahApuruSoM ne tapa kiyA yA siddhi prApta kI, anya viziSTa dhArmika ghaTanAoM, atizaya Adi se sambaddha pavitra sthAna, tathA prAcIna kalAdhAma jo apane vividha evaM mahattvapUrNa maMdiroM, mUttiyoM yA anya dhArmika kalAkRtiyoM ke lie prasiddha haiN| ye prAyaH saba jaina saMskRti ke kendra cirakAla se rahate Aye haiM, aura pratyeka varSa vibhinna samayoM meM sahastroM jaina tIrthayAtrI ina tIrthakSetroM kI yAtrArtha deza ke kone-kone se Ate rahate haiN| uttara pradeza jainadharma aura saMskRti kA udgama sthAna evaM unakA sahastrAbdiyoM se lIlAkSetra rahA AyA, ataeva isa pradeza meM pacAsoM jaina tIrtha saprANa bane hae haiN| eka prasiddha pAzcAtya purAtattva sarvekSaka ne kahA hai ki bhAratavarSa ke kisI bhI sthAna ko kendra mAnakara yadi bAraha mIla ardhavyAsa kA vRtta khIMcA jAya to usake bhItara ekAdhika prAcIna, madhyakAlIna athavA arvAcIna jaina maMdira, smAraka yA bhagnAvazeSa avazya prApta ho jaayeNge| uttara pradeza ke viSaya meM bhI yaha bAta pUrI taraha lAgU hai| pradeza meM aneka sthAna Aja aise bhI haiM jahA~ vartamAna meM Asa-pAsa bhI koI jaina nahIM rahatA, kintu pUrvakAla meM kabhI vaha acchA jaina kendra yA dhArmika sthala rahA thA, aura isIlie purAne makAnoM, haveliyoM Adi ke khaMDaharoM meM se, khetoM, kuoM aura bAvar3iyoM meM se, nadiyoM ke tala se bhI, prAcIna jaina mUttiyA~ Adi jaba-taba nikalatI rahatI haiN| yaha tathya bhI dhyAtavya hai ki uttara pradeza ke aneka prAcIna aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika kendra, yathA zrAvastI, ahicchatrA, kauzAmbI, zauripura, hastinApura, devagar3ha, kAkaMdI Adi vismRti ke garbha meM samAjAne se isI kAraNa surakSita raha sake kyoMki jainIjana unheM apane pavitra tIrthasthAna mAnate rahe aura madhyakAla meM bhI unakI yAtrArtha barAbara Ate rhe| uttara pradeza ke jaina tIrthoM evaM sAMskRtika kendroM ko sthUlatayA chaH vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai(ka) tIrthaMkara janmabhUmiyA~, (gha) mahAvIra vihAra sthala, (kha) anya kalyANaka kSetra, (ca) atizaya kSetra evaM kalAdhAma, aura (ga) tapobhUmiyA~ evaM siddhabhUmiyA~, (cha) arvAcIna prasiddha evaM darzanIya maMdira / (ka) tIrthakara janmabhUmiyAM uttara pradeza meM ayodhyA, zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, candrapurI, kAkaMdI, siMhapurI, kAmpilya, ratnapurI, hastinApura aura zauripura vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmiyA~ rahI haiN| ayodhyA phaijAbAda jile meM faiz2AbAda nagara se 5 mIla tathA ayodhyA relave sTezana se eka mIla kI dUrI para, sarayU (ghAgharA) nadI ke taTa para sthita ayodhyA bhAratavarSa kI prAcInatama mahAnagariyoM evaM parama punIta dharmatIrthoM meM parigaNita hai| jaina, vaiSNava aura bauddha hI nahIM, musalmAna bhI isa nagarI ko apanA pavitra tIrtha mAnate Aye haiN| isa nagarI kA sAMskRtika mahattva itanA adhika rahA ki sudUra pUrva barmA, syAma Adi dezoM meM bhI abase Der3ha-do sahastra varSa
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________________ kha -6 [ 31 pUrva isa nAma ke (ayodhyA, jUthiyA Adi) nagara base / parantu isa nagara se sambaMdhita ukta vibhinna dharmoM kI anuzrutiyoM evaM unake sAhityoM meM prApta isake ullekhoM se pratIta hotA hai ki isa nagara kA mUlataH sambaMdha jaina paramparA ke sAtha hI rahA ora usakI tatsambaMdhI mAnyatAe~ hI prakArAntara se ukta anya dharmoM kI anuzrutiyoM meM alpAdhika pratibimbita huiiN| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra ayodhyA eka zAzvata tIrtha hai| pratyeka kalpakAla meM sarvaprathama isI nagara kA devatAoM dvArA nirmANa hotA hai aura yahIM usa kalpakAla ke caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA hai| vartamAna kalpakAla meM bhI jisa sthAna para ayodhyA vidyamAna hai, vahIM caudaha meM se vimalavAhana Adi sAta kulakaroM yA manuoM ne janma liyA thA aura apane samakAlIna mAnavoM kA patha pradarzana kiyA thaa| aMtima manu nAbhirAya apanI saMginI marudevI ke sAtha yahIM nivAsa karate the, aura yahIM unake putra, Adi-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA janma huA thA, jinake aparanAma Adideva, AdinAtha, AdipuruSa, svayaMbhu, prajApati, purudeva, kazyapa aura ikSvAku the| inhIM ke janma ke upalakSya meM devarAja indra kI AjJA se kubera ne bhAratavarSa kI isa Adya nagarI kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| manuputra RSabhadeva ikSvAku hI isa nagara ke prathama nareza the, aura isI nagara meM unhoMne mAnavoM ko lokadharma evaM Atmadharma kA sarvaprathama upadeza diyA thaa| unake uparAnta hue anya 23 tIrthaMkaroM meM se 22 unhIM ke ikSvAkuvaMza meM utpanna hue the, jinameM se ajitanAtha, abhinandanAtha, sumatinAtha aura anantanAtha, kramazaH dUsare, cauthe, pAMcave aura caudahaveM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha, janma, tapa aura jJAna nAmaka cAra-cAra kalyANaka ayodhyA meM hI hue| isa prakAra ayodhyA isa kalpakAla ke pAMca tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi rhii| RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra bharata isa mahAdeza ke prathama cakravartI saMmrATa the aura unhIM ke nAma para deza kA bhAratavarSa nAma prasiddha huA-isa viSaya meM jaina evaM brAhmaNIya purANa prantha ekamata haiN| anuzruti hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke nirvANopalakSa meM bharata cakravartI ne ayodhyA meM eka uttuMga siMha-niSadyA nirmANa karAI thI tathA nagara ke cAroM mahAdvAroM para 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI nija-nija zarIra pramANa pratimAeM sthApita kI thIM--pUrva dvAra para RSabha aura ajita kI, dakSiNa dvAra para saMbhavAdi cAra kI, pazcima dvAra para supAAdi ATha kI, aura uttara dvAra para dharmanAthAdi deza kii| unhoMne eka sau stUpa evaM jinamaMdira bhI isa nagara meM nirmANa karAye the| bharata ke uparAnta subhauma, sagara, maghavA Adi kaI anya cakravartI samrATa bhI ayodhyA meM hue aura mahArAja rAmacandra evaM lakSmaNa jaise zalAkApuruSoM ko janma dene kA zreya bhI ayodhyA ko hI hai / rAmacandra dIkSA lene ke bAda padmamuni ke nAma se prasiddha hue aura arhat paramezvara banakara mokSa gaye / mahArAnI sItA kI gaNanA jaina paramparA kI solaha Adarza mahAsatiyoM meM hai| yajJoM meM pazubali ke prazna ko lekara nArada aura parvata ke bIca rAjA vasu kI rAjasabhA meM hone vAlA vivAda bhI eka anuzruti ke anusAra ayodhyA meM hI huA thaa| rAjanartakI buddhiSeNA aura prItaMkara evaM vicitramati nAmaka muniyoM kI kathA kA tathA anya aneka jaina purANa-kathAoM kA ghaTanAsthala yaha nagara rahA / antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra apane eka pUrNa bhava meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pautra evaM bharata cakrI ke putra marIci ke rUpa meM ayodhyA meM janma le cuke the, aura tIrthakara mahAvIra ke rUpa meM bhI vaha ayodhyA padhAre, yahAM ke subhUmibhAga udyAna meM unhoMne mumukSuoM ko dharmAmRta pAna karAyA tathA koTivarSa ke rAjA cilAti ko jinadIkSA dI thii| unake navama gaNadhara acalabhava kA janma bhI ayodhyA meM hI huA thaa| vastutaH, prAcIna kosala mahArAjya athavA mahAjanapada kA kendra, prAcIna bhArata kI daza mahArAjadhAniyoM evaM uttarApatha kI pAMca mahAnagariyoM meM parigaNita, ayodhyA aparanAma sAketa, ikSvAkubhUmi, vinItA, sukozalA, kozalapurI, avadha yA avadhapurI ke jitane sundara, vizada aura adhika ullekha evaM varNana prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM prApta haiM,
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________________ 32 ] utane anyatra nahIM haiN| paumacariu, padmapurANa, svayaMbhU rAmAyaNa, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, vRhatkathAkoSa, tilakamaMjarI, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, paMparAmAyaNa vividhatIrthakalpa Adi jaina granthoM ke aneka pRSTha tIrthakaroM kI isa janmabhUmi kI prazaMsA meM raMge par3e haiN| devoM dvArA nirmita, zatruvihIna, vinIta sabhyoM kA nivAsasthAna, bhavya bhavanoM se suzobhita, suniyojita, bhAratavarSa ke madhya deza kA zirobhUSaNa, vasuMdharA kI mukuTamaNi, samasta AzcaryoM kA nidhAna (sarvAzcarya nidhAnamuttara kausaleSvayodhyeti yarthAthabhidhAnA nagarI-dhanapAlakRta tilakamaMjarI) yathAnAma tathA guNa isa parama pAvana AdyatIrthasthalI ayodhyA kA mahAtmya bakhAnate jaina granthakAra aghAte nahIM aura dhArmika jana isakI yAtrA kA saubhAgya prApta karane ke lie sadA lAlAyita rahate Aye haiN| mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga eka sau varSa pazcAta magadhanareza nandivardhana ne isa nagara meM maNiparvata nAmaka uttuMga jaina stUpa banavAyA thA, jisakI sthiti vartamAna maNiparvata TIlA sUcita karatA hai| maurya samrATa samprati aura vIra vikramAditya ne isa kSetra ke purAne jina maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra evaM navInoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| gujarAta nareza kumArapAla caulumya (solaMkI) ne bhI yahAM jinamaMdira banavAye batAye jAte haiN| dasavIM-gyArahavI zatI I0 meM yahA~ jaina dharmAvalaMbI zrIvAstavya kAyastha rAjAoM kA zAsana thA, jinhoMne saiyada sAlAra masauda gAjI ko, jo avadha prAnta para AkramaNa karane vAlA saMbhavatayA sarva prathama musalmAna thA, vIratA pUrvaka lar3akara khader3a bhagAyA thaa| san 1194 I. ke lagabhaga dillI vijetA muhammada gorI ke bhAI makhadUmazAha jUrana gorI ne ayodhyA para AkramaNa kiyA aura RSabhadeva janmasthAna ke vizAla jinamaMdira ko dhvasta karake usake sthAna para masajida banA dI, kintu svayaM bhI yuddha meM mArA gayA aura usI sthAna para daphanAyA gayA jo aba zAhajUrana kA TIlA kahalAtA hai| usI TIle para, pIche kI ora, AdinAtha kA eka choTA sA jinamaMdira to thor3e samaya pazcAta hI punaH banagayA kintu cirakAla taka usakA car3hAvA ayodhyA ke bakasariyA Tole meM rahane vAle zAhajUrana ke vaMzaja hI lete rhe| san 1330 I. ke lagabhaga jainAcArya jinaprabhasUri ne dillI ke sulatAna muhammada bina tugaluka se pharmAna prApta karake saMgha sahita ayodhyA tIrtha kI yAtrA kI thii| unhoMne apane vividhatIrthakalpa ke antargata ayodhyApurIkalpa meM likhA hai ki usa samaya vahA~ janma lene vAle pAMcoM tIrthakaroM ke maMdiroM ke atirikta, rAjA nAbhirAya (RSabhadeva ke pitA) kA maMdira, pArzvanAtha kI bAr3I, cakrezvarI (RSabhadeva kI yakSi) kI ratnamayI pratimA, isake saMgI gomukha yakSa kI mUrti, sItAkuMDa, sahastradhArA, svargadvAra Adi jainadharmAyatana vidyamAna the, tathA nagara ke prAkAra para mattagayaMda yakSa kA nivAsa thA, jisake Age usa samaya bhI hAthI nahIM Ate the, jo Ate bhI the ve tatkAla mRtyu ko prApta ho jAte the| 1528 I0 meM mugala bAdazAha bAbara ne ayodhyA para AkramaNa karake rAmakoTa meM sthita rAmajanmasthAna ke maMdira ko tor3a kara masajida banAI laura uparokta jaina maMdiroM meM se bhI kucha ko tur3avAyA lagatA hai| akabara ke udAra zAsana meM ayodhyA meM jaina aura hindU maMdiroM kA punaH nirmANa huA aura tIrthayAtrI bhI Ane lge| vastutaH madhyakAla meM ayodhyA tIrtha kI yAtrArtha AnevAle aneka jaina yatiyoM, muniyoM, bhaTTArakoM, anya tyAgiyoM evaM gahasthoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| nagara ke muhallA kaTarA meM eka ToMka meM eka jaina mahAtmA ke caraNacinha sthApita haiM, jina para aMkita lekha se vidita honA hai ki vahA~ sItala nAma ke digambara jaina munirAja ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA, jisakI smRti meM brahmacArI mAnasiMha ke putra ne baisAkha sudI 8 somavAra, saMvat 1704 (san 1647 I0-zAhajahA~ ke rAjyakAla) meM ukta caraNacinhoM ko pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| yaha sItalamuni vahI pratIta hote haiM jo kavivara banArasIdAsa ke samaya meM AgarA padhAre the| svayaM banArasIdAsa apanI yuvAvasthA meM apane kaI sAthiyoM sahita jaunapura
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________________ A 10- Adi tIrthaMkara bha0 RSabhadeva, ayodhyA
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________________ 11-tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA prAcIna mandira, zrAvastI RRC 12-navIna saMbhava-jinAlaya, zrAvastI
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________________ se ayodhyA kI yAtrA karane Aye the / auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAna meM ayodhyA ke maMdiroM kA punaH vidhvaMsa huaa| ataeva san 1722-23 I0 meM jaba sAdata khA~ burahAnulmulka avadha kA subedAra niyukta huA aura usake sAtha dillI se Aye usake khajAMcI lA0 kezarIsiMha ne, jo ki agravAla jAtIya digambara jaina the, ayodhyA ke jinAyatanoM kI durdazA dekhI to unhone unakA jIrNoddhAra karAkara mArgazIrSa mukla pUrNimA samvat 1781 (san 1724 I0) meM unakI punaH pratiSThA kraaii| isa prakAra, svargadvArI muhalle meM AdinAtha, bakasariyA Tole meM ajitanAtha, kaTarA muhallA meM abhinandananAtha aura sumatinAtha, tathA rAjaghATa para anantanAtha ke ToMkoM kA ukta lA0 kezarI siMha ne pUnanirmANa karAyA thaa| usake kucha varSa pazcAta (saMbhavatayA saMvat 1936-41 meM) kaTarA muhallA kI sumatinAtha ToMka ko bIca meM lekara eka acchA zikharabaMda maMdira bhI bana gyaa| 1899 meM (kArtika sudI 13 saM0 1956) meM lakhanaU ke lA0 devIdAsa goTevAle Adi jaina paMcoM ne milakara ukta saba ToMkoM aura kaTarA ke maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA tathA maMdira ke sAmane eka vizAla dharmazAlA banAne kI nIMva bhI DAla dii| taduparAnta avadha ke lakhanaU, bArAbaMkI, phaijAbAda Adi jiloM ke jaina ayodhyA tIrtha ke rakharakhAva evaM vikAsa meM yoga dete rahe haiN| kaTarA meM dumaMjalI dharmazAlA hai aura usake sammukha sthita maMdira meM cAra bediyAM haiM, jinameM se eka meM bhagavAna AdinAtha aura unake do putroM, bharata aura bAhubali kI khar3agAsana manojJa pratimAeM virAjamAna haiN| usI muhalle meM eka cahAradIvArI meM banda bagIce ke madhya sundara zvetAmbara maMdira hai| rAjaghATa ke anantanAtha maMdira kI sthiti prAkRtika dRSTi meM darzanIya hai| san 1965 I0 meM AcArya dezabhUSaNa kI preraNA aura dillI Adi vibhinna syAnoM ke dharmAtmA jainoM ke utsAha evaM sahayoga se muhallA rAyagaMja meM riyAsatI bAga ke madhya meM eka navIna bhavya maMdira kA nirmANa huA hai jisameM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM eka 31 phITa U~cI vizAla evaM manojJa kAyotsarga pratimA bhagavAna AdinAtha kI apUrva samAroha ke sAtha pratiSThita kI gaI hai| anya bhI kaI pratimAeM haiM evaM suvidhAoM se yukta dharmazAlA bhI hai| prativarSa RSabhajayanti (caina badi navamI) ke avasara para yahA~ bhArI jaina melA aura rathotsava bhI hotA hai| . isa prakAra Adi jaina tIrtha ayodhyA ke jaina dharmAyatana mAtra jainoM ke lie hI nahIM, sAmAnya paryaTakoM ke lie bhI darzanIya evaM preraNAprada haiN| ayodhyA aura usake jaina smAraka jaina saMskRti ke itihAsa ke eka bar3e aMza ko apane meM samoye hue haiN| esA purI aujmA sruu-jlsiccmaanngddh'mittii|| jiNasamayasattatitthIjatta pavittia jaNA jaya // -(vi. tI. kalpa) zrAvastI uttara pradeza ke baharAica jile meM, baharAica-balarAmapura rAjamArga para, baharAica se lagabhaga 40 ki0 mI. tathA balarAmapura se 18 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI para sthita, 4-5 ki0 mI0 ke vistAra meM phaile hue khaMDaharoM se prAcIna mahAnagarI zrAvastI kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| cirakAla se yaha sthAna saheTa-maheTa ke nAma se vikhyAta rahatA AyA hai| khaMDaharoM ke madhya se jAne vAlI pakkI sar3aka ke eka ora kA bhUbhAga saheTa kahalAtA hai, jisameM bauddha stUpa, saMghArAma Adi ke avazeSa pAye gaye haiM aura eka navIna bauddha saMsthAna vikasita huA hai| sar3aka ke dUsarI ora kA bhAga maheTa kahalAtA hai, aura usI meM jaMgala ke bIca U~ce TIloM se ghirA huA, jo mUlataH parakoTA rahA hogA, eka ardhabhagna prAcIna jaina maMdira hai, jo bhagavAna sambhavanAtha ke janma sthAna ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| usake AsapAsa
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________________ candranAtha aura zAntinAtha nAma ke tIrthaMkaroM ke maMdira bhI rahe pratIta hote haiN| rAjamArga ke sire para, jaMgala meM praveza karane ke pahile hI di0 jaina tIrtha kSetra kamiTI zrAvastI ne eka navIna jinamaMdira kA, jisameM tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kI zvetapASANa kI cAra pratimAeM virAjamAna haiM, tathA eka dharmazAlA kA nirmANa karAyA hai| acirAvatI (rAptI) tIravartI yaha zrAvastI bhAratavarSa kI eka atyanta prAcIna mahAnagarI rahI hai / prAcIna sAhitya meM kuNAla deza kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM usakA ullekha bahudhA huA hai, kabhI-kabhI use kosala janapada kI rAjadhAnI bhI batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH kuNAla nAma prAcInatara hai| jaba ayodhyApati mahArAja rAmacandra ke uparAnta unake putroM ke bIca kosala rAjya vibhakta huA to unake putra lava ke gaMzajoM ne rAjya ke uttarI bhAga para adhikRta hokara zrAvastI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA, aura dUsare putra kuza ke vaMzaja rAjya ke dakSiNI bhAga ayodhyA (sAketa) rAjya karate rhe| sambhavatayA tabhI se zrAvastI kosala yA uttarI kosala kI rAjadhAnI kahalAne lgii| mahArAja rAmacandra se sudIrghakAla pUrNa, zrAvastI meM jaina paramparA ke tIsare tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha ke garbha janma, tapa aura jJAna nAmaka cAra kalyANaka hue, kArtikI pUrNimA ko unakA janma huA thA / ikSvAkugaMzI, kAzyapa gotrI zrAvastInareza mahArAja dRr3haratharAya aparanAma jitAri unake pitA the aura jananI mahArAnI suSeNA thiiN| vayaska hone para sambhavanAtha kA vivAha huA aura pitA kA uttarAdhikAra prApta karake cirakAla rAjya kA upabhoga kiyA thaa| ekadA AkAza meM bAdaloM ko chinna-bhinna hote dekha unheM saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA ahasAsa huA aura unhoMne samasta rAjya zvarya kA parityAga karake zrAvastI ke nikaTavartI sahetuka bana meM (saMbhavatayA 'sahetuka' kA hI bigar3akara 'saheTa' ho gayA) 14 varSa taka durddhara tapazcaraNa kiyaa| unakA prathama pAraNA bhI zrAvastI nareza surendradatta (jo sambhavatayA unake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI the) ke ghara huaa| antataH usI sahetuka vana meM, eka zAlavakSa ke nIce unheM kevala jJAna prApta huA, jisake uparAnta unhoMne zeSa jIvana loka-kalyANa meM vyatIta kiyaa| unakA prathama samavasaraNa evaM dharma dezanA bhI zrAvastI meM hI huI, cAruSeNa unake pradhAna gaNadhara the aura AryikA dharmA pradhAna ziSyA thiiN| tadanantara, candraprabhu, pAzvanAtha Adi aneka tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNa zrAvastI meM Aye, aneka jaina kathAoM meM isa nagara ke ullekha Ate haiN| mahAvIra-buddha yuga meM mahArAja rAmacandra ke vaMzaja sUryavaMzI nareza prasenajita kA zAsana zrAvastI meM thA / yaha nareza aura usakI mahArAnI mallikAdevI atyanta udAra, sarvadharma-sahiSNu evaM vidyArasika the / ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura gautamabuddha donoM kA hI samAna rUpa se Adara karate the| makkhali gozAla ke AjIvika sampradAya kA pradhAna kendra bhI yahI nagara thaa| janatA ko manacAhe dharma kA anuyAyI hone kI pUrI svatantratA thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra apane tapasyAkAla meM bhI aura tIrthaMkara rUpa meM bhI kaI bAra zrAvastI padhAre, yahAM unhoMne varSAvAsa bhI kiye| prasenajita ke uparAnta zrAvastI dhIre-dhIre patanonmukha hotI gaI, tathApi guptakAla meM bhI vaha kosaladeza kI pradhAna nagarI samajhI jAtI thI, aura harSavardhana ke rAjya kI zrAvastI mukti kA kendrAlaya thii| cInI yAtriyoM phAhyAna aura yuvAnacvAMga ne bhI isa nagara kI yAtrA kI thii| dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM zrAvastI meM jainadharmAvalambI dhvajavaMzI narezoM kA zAsana thaa| isI vaMza ke prasiddha rAjA suhiladhvaja aparanAma vIra suheladeva ne 1032 I0 ke lagabhaga gajanI ke saiyada sAlAra masaUda gAjI ko baharAica ke bhISaNa yuddha meM sasainya samApta kara diyA thaa| suheladeva ke pautra harasiMhadeva ke samaya (1134 I0) taka yaha rAjya calatA rahA, jaba ki kannauja ke candradeva gAhaDavAla ne zrAvastI para AkramaNa karake use tahasa-nahasa kara ddaalaa| gAhaDavAloM ke uparAMta yahAM 13vIM
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________________ [ 35 zatI ke prArambha se musalamAnoM kA adhikAra ho gayA, aura zrAvastI khaMDahara hotI calI gayI, kintu eka mahatvapUrNa 'dharma-pattana' (trikAMDa zeSa meM zrAvastI kA yaha nAma diyA hai) ke rUpa meM calatI rahI / 14 vIM zatI I0 ke pUrvArdha meM prasiddha jainAcArya jinaprabhasUri ne sasaMgha zrAvastI kI yAtrA kI thI aura apane zrAvastInagarI-kalpa meM usakA varNana kiyA---'agaNya guNagaNa vAle dakSiNArdha bhArata meM kuNAlA viSaya (janapada) kI zrAvastI nagarI aba 'maheTha' kahalAtI hai / yahAM Aja bhI gahana ghana vana ke madhya zrI sambhavanAtha vibhUSita, gaganacumbI zikhara evaM pAzvaMsthita jinabimbamaNDita devakulikA se alaMkRta, prAkAra parivRtta, jinAlaya vidyamAna hai| usa caitya ke dvAra se anatidUra valli-ullasita, atulya pallavoM kI snigdha chAyA vAle tathA bar3I bar3I zAkhAoM vAle abhirAma rakta-azoka vRkSa dIkha par3ate haiN| isa jinAlaya kI pratolI ke kapATa-sampuTa maNibhadra yakSa ke prabhAva se saryAsta hote hI svayameva banda ho jAte haiM aura sUryodaya ke sAtha hI khala jAte haiN| sulatAna alAudIna (khalajI) ke sardAra malika havasa ne baharAica se yahAM Akara mandira ke prAkAra, dIvAroM, kapAToM tathA aneka jina pratimAoM ko bhagna kara DAlA thaa| zrAvastI tIrtha meM yAtrI saMgha ke Ane para snAna mahotsava ke samaya caitya zikhara para eka cItA Akara baiTha jAtA hai, jo kisI ko bhaya nahIM karatA aura maMgaladIpa hone para svataH calA jAtA hai|' isI nagara meM pUrvakAla meM kauzAmbI rAjya ke mantrIputra kapila ne apane pitA ke mina indradatta se zikSA prApta kI aura zAlibhadra seTha kI dAsI ke vacanoM se prabhAvita ho tapa kiyA, pAMca sau dasyuoM ko pratibodha diyA aura siddhi prApta kii| jAmAli-ninhava bhI isI nagara ke tirduka udyAna meM huA thA, aura vahIM pArzvaparamparA ke pratinidhi ke zimuni aura mahAvIra ke gaNadhara gautama ke bIca itihAsa prasiddha saMvAda huA thaa| skandAcArya, bhadramuni, brahmadatta Adi kaI prasiddha muniyoM kA sambandha isa nagara se rahA / jinaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki 'isa prakAra aneka saMvidhAnaka ratnoM kI utpatti rUpa isa zrAvastI mahAtIrtha kI bhUmi rohaNAcala jaisI hai|' isake uparAnta zanaiH zanaiH yaha tIrtha khaMDaharoM se bhare vanakhaNDa meM pariNata hotA gyaa| san 1862 I0 meM janarala kaniMghama ne yahAM purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa evaM khudAI prArambha kii| prArambha meM vidvAnoM ko isa sthAna ke zrAvastI hone meM sandeha rahA, kintu 1875 I0 meM DA0 he dvArA eka zilAlekha kI tathA 1909 meM sara jAna mArzala dvArA eka tAmrapatna kI prApti ne yaha tathya asaMdigdha kara diyA ki 'saheTa-maheTa' hI prAcIna zrAvastI hai / svayaM jainoM ko to apane isa pavitra tIrtha kI sthiti meM koI sandeha nahIM rahA aura ve use usI rUpa meM mAnate A rahe haiN| maheTha ke jaina bhagnAvazeSoM meM aneka prAcIna manojJa jina pratimAeM milI haiM jinameM se kucha to dillI, lakhanaU, mathurA Adi ke rAjya saMgrahAlayoM meM pahuMcagaI aura kucha baharAica ke jina mandiroM meN| navIna mandira evaM dharmazAlA bana jAne se yAtriyoM kI suvidhA evaM AkarSaNa paryApta bar3he haiM, kintu dharAzAyI hote jA rahe prAcIna sambhavanAtha mandira ke jIrNoddhAra evaM surakSA aura usake Asa-pAsa prAcIna jaina kalAvazeSoM kI vidhivata khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| bauddha saMsthAna evaM smArakoM ke kAraNa yaha sthAna deza-videza ke paryaTakoM ko bhI AkarSita karatA hai| kauzAmbI uttara pradeza ke ilAhAbAda jile kI tahasIla maMjhanapura paraganA kirArI meM, ilAhAbAda nagara se lagabhaga 50 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa-pazcima meM, yamunA nadI ke uttarI taTa para sthita kosama inAma aura kosama khirAja nAma ke saMyukta mahAloM (gAMvoM) se prAcIna itihAsa prasiddha mahAnagarI kauzAmbI kI pahicAna kI gaI hai| ilAhAbAda se sarAya Akila taka pakkI sar3aka hai jisa para moTara baseM calatI haiM, usase Age kaccI sar3aka hai jisa para tAMge dvArA
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________________ jAyA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna nagarI ke bhagnAvazeSa mIloM ke vistAra meM phaile hue haiN| san 1961 meM suprasiddha purAtAttvika sarvekSaka janarala kaniMghama ko bAbU zivaprasAda se yaha sUcanA prApta huI thI ki 'ilAhAbAda se 30 mIla para sthita kosama nAma kA gAMva abhI taka kauzAmbI-nagara ke nAma se prasiddha hai, yaha aba taka bhI jainoM kA mahAna tIrtha hai aura eka sau varSa pahale taka yaha eka bar3A samRddha nagara thaa|' isI sUcanA se bala prApta karake kaniMghama ne antataH 1871 I0 meM kosama ke sAtha kauzAmbI kA sunizcita samIkaraNa ghoSita kara diyA thaa| prAcIna vatsadeza yA vatsa mahAjanapada kI rAjadhAnI isa kauzAmbI nagara kA sarvaprAcIna jaina prasaMga chaThe tIrthakara padmaprabhu ke sAtha hai| vaha kauzAmbI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI, kAzyapagotrI rAjA dharaNa aura unakI rAnI susImA ke putra the| isI nagarI meM unake garbha aura janma kalyANaka hue, jisase vaha pavitra mahAtIrtha banI (sA kosambI nagarI jiNajanma pavittiu mahAtitthaM) / bhagavAna naminAtha (21 veM tIrthaMkara) ke tIrtha meM isI nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA vijaya aura rAnI prabhAkarI kA putra, 11 vAM cakravartI jayasena huA thaa| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha bhI kauzAmbI meM dharmadezanArtha padhAre the| antima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra kA to kauzAmbI ke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha rahA / usakAla meM kuruvaMza kI eka zAkhA meM utpanna sahasrAnIka kA putra zatAnIka kauzAmbI nareza thaa| usakI paTarAna kI mRgAvatI naizAlI ke adhipati ceTaka kI putrI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mausI tathA unakI parama bhakta thii| rAjA zatAnIka bhI mahAvIra kA bar3A Adara karatA thA / inhIM donoM kA putra hI vaha suprasiddha vatsarAja udayana thA jo gajavidyAvizArada, apanI hastikAnta vINA para priyakAnta svaroM kA apratima sAdhaka, pradyotaputrI vAsavadattA kA romAMcaka premI aura aneka lokakathAoM kA nAyaka rhaa| udayana bhI mahAvIra kA samAdara karatA thA aura usakI priyA vAsavadattA unakI upAsikA thii| udayana ke janma ke kucha pUrNa kI ghaTanA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra apane dvAdazavarSIya tapakAla ke antima varSa meM, cAra mAsa ke upavAsa ke uparAnta pAraNA karane ke lie kauzAmbI padhAre / unhoMne eka bar3A aTapaTA abhigraha (vajra saMkalpa) kiyA thA, jisake kAraNa 5 mAsa 24 dina taka vaha nitya nagara meM AhAra ke lie Ate rahe, kintu kyoMki lI huI Akhar3I pUrI nahIM hotI thI, nitya nirAhAra hI vApasa lauTa jAte the| antataH ajJAta kulazIla, krItadAsI candanA ke hAthoM se, jo usa samaya kaI dina kI bhUkhI-pyAsI, malina tana, jIrNa-zIrNa vastra, hathakar3I-ber3iyoM meM baMdhI, apane svAmI ke ghara kI dehalI para, hAtha meM sUpa meM adhapake ur3ada ke bAkale lie, viSAda evaM dInatA kI sAkSAt mUrti banI khar3I thI, bhagavAna kA abhigraha pUrA huA / unhoMne vahI AhAra grahaNa karake apane sudIrgha upavAsa kA pAraNA kiyaa| paMcAzcarya kI vRSTi huI, rAjA-prajA samasta jana umar3a par3e, catudika jayajayakAra gaMja utthaa| candanA-uddhAra kI isa abhatapUrNa ghaTanA dvArA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne kutsita dAsa prathA kA unmUlana ega eka mahAna sAmAjika krAnti kA sUtrapAta isa kauzAmbI nagarI meM hI kiyA thaa| kAlAntara meM yaha mahAbhAga candanabAlA hI mahAvIra ke AryikA saMgha kI adhyakSA ke pada para pratiSThita huii| mahAvIra ke eka gaNadhara, metArya, kA janma bhI kauzAmbI ke tuMgiya saMniveza meM huA thaa| kauzAmbI nareza zatAnIka kI mRtyu ke uparAnta jaba avanti nareza caMDa pradyota ne vatsa deza para AkramaNa kiyA to, bhagavAna mahAbIra nagara ke bAhara samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna the| unake prabhAva se donoM rAjyoM meM sadbhAva sthApita huaa| ukta saMkaTakAla meM rAjamAtA mRgAvatI ne bar3e dhairya, buddhimattA evaM vIratA ke sAtha apane rAjya, pUtra evaM satItva kI rakSA kI thI-pradyota kI usa para lolupa dRSTi thii| apane putra udayana ke jIvana, sthiti aura rAjya ko niSkaMTaka karake tathA kuzala mantrI yugandhara ke hAthoM meM sauMpa kara satI mRgAvatI ne jinadIkSA le lI aura
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________________ [ 37 AryA candanA ke saMgha meM sammilita hokara zeSa jIvana AtmasAdhanArthaM tapasyA meM vyatIta kiyaa| usI ke sAtha caMDapradyota kI rAnI aMgAravatI bhI AryikA bana gii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAnta bhI cirakAla paryanta kauzAmbI jaina saMskRti kA mahatvapUrNa kendra banI rahI, aura yahA~ aneka jaina muniyoM kA unmukta vihAra hotA rhaa| tIsarI zatI I0 pUrva meM Arya mahAgiri aura samprati maurya prabodhaka Arya suhasti kA yahAM Agamana huA thaa| uttara balissaha gaNa ke jaina sAdhuoM kI eka zAkhA bhI kosaMbiyA kahalAI thii| kauzAmbI ke khaMDaharoM meM aneka jaina avazeSa prApta hue haiM, jinameM IsvI san ke prArambha kA lAla balue patthara kA, mathurA kI hI zailI meM nirmita, eka jaina AyAgapatra, 2rI zatI I0 meM rAjA bhadramagha ke zAsanakAla meM kauzAmbI ke pattanakAra (nagara-niyojaka) zapara tathA mAMganI dvArA nirmApita mandira toraNa (164 I.) aura unhIM ke dvArA eka puSkariNI ke taTa para AcArya Aryadeva ke lie nirmApita do prastaramayI AsanapaTa (165 I0) vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| kuSANa evaM guptakAloM kI aneka khaMDita jinapratimAe~ bhI milI haiN| dhvaMsAvazeSoM meM devar3A TIle para naye maMdira se lagabhaga 50 gaja kI dUrI para 11vIM zatI I0 kI aneka jaina mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM, jo usa kAla meM vahA~ eka vizAla mandira ke vidyamAna rahane kI sUcaka haiM / jinaprabhasUri (14vIM zatI) ne bhI kauzAmbI kI yAtrA kI thI aura kauzAmbI ke nikaTavartI basuhAra gA~va meM eka prasiddha jaina maMdira ke hone kA ullekha kiyA thaa| cInI yAtrI yuvAnaccAMga ne (7vIM zatI meM) kauzAmbI ke jina 50 devamaMdiroM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM se na jAne kitane jaina maMdira rahe hoNge| 1834 I0 meM kauzAmbI ke devar3A TIle para prAcIna mandira kI smRti ko punarujjIvita karane ke lie eka navIna mandira kA nirmANa ilAhAbAda Adi ke jainoM ne karAyA thaa| abhI hAla meM kauzAmbI meM eka zvetAmbara maMdira aura dharmazAlA kA nirmANa prArambha huA hai| pabhosA tIrtha bhI kauzAmbI ke nikaTa hI hai (Age dekheN)| vArANasI gaMgamAMhi Ai dhasI dai nadI barUnA asI, bIca basI banArasI nagarI bakhAnI hai| kasivAra desa madhya gAMu tAta kAsI nAMu, zrI supAsa-pAsa kI janamabhUmi mAnI hai| tahAM duhUM jina sivamAraga prakaTa kInoM, taba setI zivapurI jagata meM jAnI hai| -kavivara banArasIdAsa vArANasI, kAzI, zivapurI, vizvanAthapurI Adi nAmoM se prasiddha, puNyatoyA bhAgIrathI ke taTa para. varuNA evaM asI nAmaka saritAdvaya ke madhya sthita mahAnagarI bhAratavarSa kI sarvaprAcIna evaM sarvAdhika mahatvaparNa nagariyoM meM hI nahIM hai, varan cirakAla se dharma, saMskRti evaM vidyA kA sarvopari kendra rahatI AI hai| vastutaH kAzi deza yA janapada kA nAma thA aura usakI rAjadhAnI yaha vArANasI (apabhraSTa-banArasa) thii| bhagavAna AdinAtha RSabhadeva ke samaya meM hI isa nagara kI sthApanA ho cukI thii| usa samaya kAzi rAjya ke adhipati akaMpana the.
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________________ 38 ] jinakI sundarI putrI sulocanA ke liye bharata cakravartI ke putra arkakIti aura senApati meghezvara jayakumAra ke bIca saMgharSa huaa| dvandva ke samAdhAna ke lie sulocanA kA svayaMvara racA gayA aura usameM usane cakravartI putra kI upekSA karake vIra jayakumAra kA varaNa kiyaa| sulocanA kI gaNanA jaina paramparA kI solaha Adarza satiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| isI nagara meM, kalAntara meM, 7veM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha ke garbha-janma-tapa-jJAna, cAra kalyANaka hue| unake janma sthAna kI pahacAna vArANasI ke bhadainI kSetra se kI jAtI hai, jahA~ gaMgAtaTa para unake nAma kA jinAlaya banA hai| usase lagA huA hI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kA bhavana evaM chAtrAvAsa hai| bhagavAna supArzvanAtha ikSvAkuvaMza meM utpanna kAzi nareza supratiSTha tathA mahArAnI pRthivISeNA ke suputra the| unhoMne vArANasI meM cirakAla rAjyabhoga karake saMsAra kA tyAga kiyA, nikaTavartI vana meM tapasyA kI aura vahIM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA tathA apane dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kiyA thaa| 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (IsApUrva 877-777) kA janma bhI kAzideza kI isI mukuTamaNi vArANasI nagarI meM uragavaMzI, kAzyapagotrI mahArAja azvasena (matAntara se vizvasena) kI mahArAnI vAmAdevI kI kukSi se huA thaa| rAjakumAra pAva prAraMbha se hI atvanta zUravIra, raNakuzala, medhAvI, cintanazIla evaM dayAlu manovRtti ke the| kumArAvasthA meM hI unhoMne saMsAra kA parityAga karake durddhara tapazcaraNa kiyA thA, aura kevalajJAna prApta karake apanA dharmacakra pravartana kiyA thA / vArANasI ke bhelapura kSetra se unake janmasthAna kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai, jahA~ eka vizAla jinamaMdira unakI smati meM vidyamAna hai| unake janma ke kucha kAla pUrva jaina paramparA kA 12vAM cakravartI brahmadatta bhI kAzI meM huA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM mahAvIra yuga meM kAzi aura kosala ke 18 gaNarAjAoM kA ullekha AtA hai, jo saba mahAvIra ke bhakta the aura unakA nirvANotsava manAne ke lie pAvA meM ekatrita hue the| kAzi ke rAjA jitazatru ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA apane nagara meM bhArI svAgata kiyA, isI nagara ke eka anya rAjA zaMkha ne to unase jinadIkSA lI thii| vArANasI kI rAjakumArI muNDikA mahAvIra kI parama bhakta thii| vArANasI meM hI caubIsa koTi mudrAoM ke dhanI seTha calinIpitA, usakI bhAryA zyAmA, seTha surAdeva aura usakI patnI dhanyA, Adi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Adarza upAsaka-upAsikA the / aneka jaina purANakathAoM ke sAtha kAzi deza aura vArANasI nagarI jur3e haiN| 2rI zatI I0 meM dakSiNa ke mahAna jainAcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne vArANasI meM Akara vAdabherI bajAI thI aura 5vIM zatI meM paMcastUpanikAya ke kAzivAsI AcArya guhanandi dUra-dUra taka prasiddha the-sudUra baMgAla meM bhI unake ziSya-praziSya phaile the| supArzva evaM pAva kI isa pavitra janmabhUmi kI yAtrA karane ke lie deza ke kone-kone se jainIjana barAbara Ate rahe haiM / vidyA kA mahAna kendra hone ke kAraNa aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne dura-dUra se Akara vArANasI meM zikSA prApta kii| madhyakAla meM jinaprabhasUri, paM0 banArasIdAsa, yazovijayajI Adi yahA~ padhAre aura vartamAna zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM paM0 gaNeza prasAda varNI, bAbA bhAgIratha varNI Adi jaina santoM ne yahIM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya kI sthApanA kii| AcArya yazovijaya pAThazAlA bhI calatI thI, aura aba pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, varNI zodha saMsthAna, varNI grantha mAlA Adi aneka jaina sAMskRtika pravRttiyoM kA yaha mahAnagarI kendra hai| aneka jaina maMdira dharmazAlAe~ Adi yahA~ haiM aura darjanoM jaina vidvAna bhI nivAsa karate haiM / rAjaghATa Adi se khudAI meM prAcIna jaina mUttiyAM bhI milI haiN| gaddhodakena ca jinama janmanA ca prAkAzi kAzimagarI na garIyasI kaiH / /
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________________ [ 39 candrapurI candrapurI aparanAma candrapura, candrAvatI, candrAnana aura candramAdhava kI vArANasI se lagabhaga 20 ki0 mI. dUra gaMgAtaTa para base hue tannAma gAMva se pahacAna kI jAtI hai| isa nagara ke ikSvAkuvaMzI, kAzyapagotrI mahArAja mahAsena kI mahAdevI lakSmaNA ke garbha se AThaveM tIrthaMkara candranAtha (candraprabhu) kA janma huA thaa| isI sthAna meM unake garbha, janma, tapa aura jJAna kalyANaka hue the| gaMgAtaTa para suramya prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa ke madhya bhagavAna candranAtha kA maMdira banA hai, pAsa hI candrAvatI gA~va meM bhI unakA eka maMdira hai| prativarSa hajAroM jaina tIrthayAtrI yahA~ darzanArtha Ate rahate haiM / vArANasI se basa dvArA candrapurI pahuMcA jAtA hai| kAkaMdI navam tIrthaMkara puSpadanta kI pavitra janmabhUmi kI pahacAna pUrvI uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile meM naunakhAra rela sTezana se lagabhaga 3 ki0 mI0 dakSiNa-pazcima kI ora sthita khukhundo nAmaka choTe se grAma se kI jAtI hai| gAMva ke bAhara ghane jaMgala ke bIca kaI bar3e-bar3e tAlAba aura tIsa choTe-bar3e TIle lagabhaga 2 ki. mI0 ke vistAra meM phaile par3e haiM, jo prAcInakAlIna mahAnagarI kAkaMdI ke hI mandiroM, bhavanoM Adi ke bhagnAvazeSa haiN| khakhandoM ke nivAsI evaM zivAjI iNTara kAleja ke pravaktA paM. rAmapUjana pANDeya ne apanI pustaka 'atha kakutstha-caritra' meM yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki tIrthaMkara puSpadanta kA hI apara nAma kakutstha thA, vaha manuputra ikSvAku ke nikaTa gaMzaja the, unhoMne yaha kAkutsthanagarI, jo kAkaMda nagarI bhI kahalAI, basAI thI, aura yahI rAjA dazaratha (mahArAja rAmacandra ke pitA) paryanta unake gaMzajoM kI janmabhUmi rahI / apane mata kI puSTi pANDeya jI ne brAhmaNIya purANoM evaM anya granthoM se kI hai| isa nagarI kA eka anya nAma kiSkidhApura bhI milatA hai| kintu mUla evaM lokapriya nAma kAkandI yA kAkaMdanagara hI rahA pratIta hotA hai-usI kA bigar3akara khukhunda yA khukhundo bana gyaa| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra kAkaMdI nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI kAzyapagotrI kSatriya nRpa sugrIva kI paTarAnI jayarAmA kI kukSi se mArgazIrSa zukla pratipadA ke dina bhagavAna puSpadanta kA janma huA thA, vahIM unhoMne cirakAla ,paryanta rAjya kiyA, aura eka dina ulkApAta ke dRzya ko dekhakara saMsAra se virakta hue tathA putra sumati ko rAjya bhAra sauMpakara nikaTavartI puSpakavana meM tapazcaraNa kiyaa| unakA prathama pAraNA zailapura ke rAjA puSpamitra ke ghara huA, aura tadanantara usI dIkSAvana meM eka nAgavRkSa ke nIce unheM kevalajJAna huA thaa| tiloyapaNNati, varAMgacarita, uttarapurANa, AzAdharakRta triSaSTismRtizAstra Adi granthoM se uparokta tathya pramANita haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura bRhatkathAkoSa meM abhayaghoSamuni kI kathA prApta hotI hai, jinheM kAkaMdI nagarI meM unake gairI caNDavega ne sarvAMga chedachedakara mAraNAntaka upasarga kiyA thA, aura phalasvarUpa ukta munirAja ne siddhattva prApta kiyA thaa| nAyadhammakahA meM kAkaMdI nagarI ke eka vyApArI kI kathA AtI hai jo bar3e-bar3e jalapotoM ko lekara vyApArArtha ratnadvIpa gayA thA. kintu bhayaMkara samudrI tUphAna meM usake jahAja naSTa ho gaye the aura vaha jaise-taise prANa bacAkara ghara vApasa lauTA thaa| ina ullekhoM se patA calatA hai ki kisI samaya kAkaMdI eka atyanta samRddha nagarI thI; na tIrthaMkara ke cAra kalyANakoM kI puNyasthalI hone ke kAraNa pavitra tIrthasthAna evaM sAMskRtika kendra bhI bana gii| khukhundo ke uparokta TIloM evaM khaNDaharoM kA purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa 1861-62 I0 meM janarala kaniMghama ne kiyA thA, jisameM use yahAM ke prAcIna jaina evaM zaiva caiSNavAdi mandiroM kI vipula sAmagrI prApta huI thii| jaina avazeSoM meM TIle-bI0 se prApta zizu tIrthaMkara AdinAtha sahita kalpavRkSa ke nIce baiThe nAbhirAya evaM marudevI kI
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________________ 40 ] mUrti tathA caturbhujA cakrezvarI kI mUrti, TIle-DI. para mRgalAMchana tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha caubIsI-paTa (khaMDita), nAbhirAyamarudevI kI pUrvoktA jaisI mUrti (aisI mUttiyA~ ahicchatrA, mathurA, devagar3ha Adi anya jaina kendroM meM bhI prApta huI haiM); TIle jI. enaM eca. para bhI jaina mandiroM ke kucha avazeSa mile the; TIle-je. para eka choTA sA prAcIna jaina mandira prAyaH surakSita thA jahAM, kaniMghama ke kathanAnusAra, agravAla zrAvaka, baniye aura sAhukAra paTanA, gorakhapura Adi Asa-pAsa ke jiloM se darzanArtha bahudhA Ate rahate the| isa mandira meM vRSabhalAMchana tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kI nIla pASANa kI vizAla evaM manojJa padmAsanastha pratimA taba vidyamAna thI-pratimA ke sira ke Upara trichatra, pIche bhAmaMDala, idhara-udhara devadundubhi Adi parikara aMkita the| loga bhramavaza isa pratimA ko 'nAtha' yA pArzvanAtha nAma se jAnate the / vastutaH, mandira ke bAhara eka khaMDita pratimA pArzvanAtha kI bhI thI, jo sambhavatayA mUlata: maMdira kI mUlanAyaka rahI ho kinnu kisI kAraNa khaNDita ho jAne se use bAhara padharA diyA gayA aura vedI meM RSabhanAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna kara dI gii| isa TIle para pUrvokta jaisI eka yugaliyA mUrti bhI pAI gaI thii| TIlA-ke. para vizAla bhavanoM ke avazeSa pAye gaye auraTIlA-ena. para 'jugavIra' (yugavIra) nAma se prasiddha eka mUrti milI thI, jo saMbhavatayA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI hogii| TIlA-jeDa. para aneka bhagnAvazeSa prApta hue, jinameM se eka tIrthaMkara kI gandhakUTI meM virAjita sarvatobhadra pratimA kA thA, aura sambhavatayA bhagavAna puSpadaMta kA hI smAraka ho| kanighama sAhaba ne svIkAra kiyA thA ki unhoMne khukhandoM kA kevala prAthamika UparI sarvekSaNa kiyA thA aura bhagnAvazeSoM ko dekhate hae vahA~ vipUla purAtAttvika sAmagrI milane kI saMbhAvanA hai, aura yaha ki nAlandA ke atirikta thor3e hI sthAna aise hoMge jahA~ kAkaMdI jaisI sAmagrI mile| kaniMghama ke ukta sarvekSaNa kI riporTa 1871 I0 meM prakAzita huI thI / taba se aura bhI jaina avazeSa vahA~ nikalate rahe haiM, kintu ucita surakSA ke abhAva meM purAnI kalAkRtiyA~ lupta bhI hotI rahI haiN| kaniMghama ke anusAra janatA meM khukhundoM ke ye TIle 'deurA' nAma se prasiddha the, aura yaha nAma jinamaMdiroM ke lie vizeSarUpa se prayukta hotA hai| astu, tIrthaMkara kI janmabhUmi, kalyANakabhUmi, jaina saMskRti kA prAcIna kendra aura kalAdhAma kAkaMdI, upanAma khukhundoM, eka acchA paryaTaka sthala bana sakatA hai yadi vahA~ samucita utkhanana, khoja, avazeSoM kI surakSA evaM jinakA saMbhava ho unake jIrNoddhAra kA prayatna kiyA jAya aura gA~va ko rela sTezana se jor3ane vAle mArga ko pakkA karA diyA jAya / siMhapurI 11veM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha ke janmasthAna siMhapurI yA siMhapura kI pahacAna vArANasI nagara se lagabhaga 10 ki0 mI0 uttara kI ora sthita sAranAtha (sAraGganAtha) aparanAma isipattana (RSipattana) se kI jAtI hai| isI siMhapura meM ikSvAkuvaMzI nareza viSNu kI vallabhA rAnI nandA ke garbha se phAlguna kRSNa ekAdazI ke dina tIrthaMkara zreyonAtha yA zreyAMsanAtha kA janma huA thaa| cirakAla rAja bhoga kara unhoMne nagara ke nikaTavartI manohara nAmaka udyAna meM tapa kiyA aura vahIM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thaa| siMhapurI (sAranAtha) meM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha kA eka vizAla evaM darzanIya jinamaMdira vidyamAna hai, jahA~ saikar3oM yAtrI darzanArtha Ate rahate haiM / mandira ke nikaTa hI sAranAtha ke suprasiddha bauddha stUpa, buddhamaMdira, vihAra Adi avasthita haiN| isI siMhapura meM rAjA siMhasena ke samaya meM uttarapurANa meM varNita bhadramitra aura satyaghoSa kI kathA ghaTita huI thii|
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________________ ..[ 41 kAmpilya 13veM tIrthaMkara, varAhalAMchana vimalanAtha ke garbha evaM janma kI pavitra bhUmi aura prAcIna dakSiNa-pAMcAla janapada kI rAjadhAnI, mahAnagarI kAmpilya kI pahacAna pradeza ke pharrukhAbAda jile kI kAyamagaMja tahasIla meM, kAyamagaMja relave sTezana se lagabhaga 8 ki. mI. kI dUrI para, pakkI sar3aka ke kinAre sthita vartamAna kapila nAmaka gAMva se kI jAtI hai| gaMgA kI eka purAnI dhArA gAMva ke pAsa se bahatI thii| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra kAmpilya yA kaMpilA bhI bhArata kI atyanta prAcIna nagariyoM meM se hai / bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA vihAra yahAM huA thA, tathA jaba RSabhaputra bAhubali ne munidIkSA lI thI to unhIM ke sAtha unake sahacara kAmpilya ke rAjakumAra ne bhI dIkSA le lI thii| isI mahAnagarI meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke vaMzaja mahArAja kRtavarmA kI mahAdevI jayazyAmA ne mAgha zukla catarthI ke dina tIrthakara vimalanAtha (vimalavAhana) ko janma diyA thaa| rAjyabhoga ke uparAnta unhoMne nagara ke nikaTavartI vana meM jAkara dIkSA lI, tapa kiyA, kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura tadanantara apane upadeza dvArA loka kalyANa kiyaa| kAlAntara meM isI nagara meM hariSeNa nAma kA cakravartI samraTi huA, jisakI jananI bhI parama jinabhakta Adarza zravikA thii| mahAbhArata kAla meM pAMcAla areza drupada isa nagara kA rAjA thA-kahIM-kahIM drupada kI rAjadhAnI kA nAma mAkaMdI likhA hai, saMbhava hai ki yaha kampilA kA hI apara nAma rahA ho| drupadaduhitA draupadI hastinApura ke karuvaMzI paMcapAMDavoM kI patnI thI, usakI gaNanA Adarza satiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kA Agamana bhI kampilA meM huA thaa| eka anuzruti ke anusAra brahmadatta cakravartI bhI isI nagara meM huA thA / jaina parANoM evaM kathAgranthoM meM kampilA ke dharmavIroM, dhanakuberoM evaM manISiyoM ke aneka prasaMga milate haiN| vartamAna meM yahA~ eka paryApta prAcIna digambara jaina maMdira vidyamAna hai jisameM zyAmala maMgiyA pASANa kI puruSAkAra padmAsanastha pratimA bhagavAna vimalanAtha kI mUlanAyaka ke pada para virAjamAna hai| yaha pratimA lagabhaga sattaraha-aThAraha sau varSa prAcIna anumAna kI jAtI hai aura jamIna meM dabI par3I thI jahA~ se saMyoga se usakA udghATana ikSA / pratimA baDI manojJa evaM atizayapUrNa haiN| AsapAsa ke khaMDaharoM, gaMgA ke khAdara va TIloM Adi se anya bhI kaI khaMDita-akhaMDita jinapratimAeM prApta huI haiN| maMdira meM aura bhI kaI manojJa pratimAe~ haiM / eka acchI dharmazAlA bhI hai| tIrtha kA prabandha eka tIrthakSetra kameTI karatI hai| yahA~ drupadaTIle ke nikaTa eka purAnA zvetAmbara maMdira bhI varNanIya hai| madhyakAla meM bhI aneka jaina tIrtha yAtrI kampilA jI ke darzanArtha Ate rahe, aura isI kAraNa isa prAcIna mahAnagarI kI sthiti, smRti Adi surakSita rahI AyI / isa kSetra para prativarSa caitravadi 15 se caitrasudI 4 taka, pAMca dina kA jaina melA, rathotsavAdi hote haiM, aura azvina badi 2 se 4 taka bhI eka melA hotA hai| ratnapurI faijAbAda jile meM, phaijAbAda-lakhanaU rela mArga ke sohAvala sTezana se lagabhaga 2 ki0 mI0 uttara kI ora sthita ronAI (naurAi) nAmaka gAMva se 15veM tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha kI janmabhUmi ratnapurI, ratnapura yA ratnavAha kI pahacAna kI jAtI hai| yahA~ do digambara evaM eka zvetAmbara, tIna purAne jaina maMdira haiM, eka dharmazAlA bhI hai| ayodhyA tIrtha kSetra kamiTI hI ratnapurI kA bhI prabandha karatI hai, kintu vyavasthA santoSajanaka nahIM rhtii| maMdiroM meM mUrtiyA~ manojJa haiN|
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________________ isI ratnapura ke kuruvaMzI nareza bhAnu kI mahAdevI suprabhA ne mAgha zukla 13 ke zubha dina tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha ko janma diyA thaa| inhoMne bhI rAjya kA upabhoga kiyA, vairAgya liyA, tapa kiyA aura kevala jJAna prApta karake dharma pracAra kiyA thaa| inakA tapa evaM jJAna sthAna ratnapurI kA nikaTavartI zAlavana nAmaka udyAna thaa| dharma yasmina samudbhUtA dharmadaza sunirmalAH / sa dharmaH zarma me dadyAvadharmapahatya mH|| hastinApura athAsmina mAratevarSe viSayaH kurujAGgalaH / AryakSetrasya madhyasthaH sarvadhAnyAkaro mahAn // hAstinAkhyApurI tasya zumA nAmirivAvamau / bhRzaM dezasya dehasya mahatI madhyavatinI / / -uttarapurANa mAgIrathI salila saMga pavitrametat / jIyAcciraM gajapuraM bhuvitIrtharatnam // hastinApura mityAhuranekAzcarya sevadhim / / -vi0 tI0 kalpa pazcimI uttara pradeza ke meraTha jile kI mavAnA tahasIla meM, meraTha nagara se lagabhaga 20 ki0 mI. uttara tathA mavAnA se 8 ki0 mI0 dUra sthita, vanakhaMDa ke madhya U~ce-nIce TIloM kI zvakhalA tathA jaina maMdiroM se yukta vartamAna hastinApura usa prAcIna purANa evaM itihAsa prasiddha mahAnagarI kA pratinidhitva karatA hai jo bhArata kI Adya mahAnagariyoM meM parigaNita, soma-puru-bhArata-kuru Adi kSatriyavaMzoM kI raGgasthalI, tIrthaMkaroM kI janma evaM tapobhUmi, aneka cakravartI samrAToM ke sAmrAjya kA hRtsthala, kaurava-pAMDava dvandva kI raMgabhUmi, vividha saMskRtiyoM kA pAvana saMgama, AryakSetra ke madhyabhAga meM bhAratavarSa ke kurujAMgala viSaya (kuru mahAjanapada) kI nAbhirUpa, puNtoyA bhAgIrathI-gaMgA ke tIra para sthita, sarvaprakAra ke dhana-dhAnya se pUrNa, aneka AzcaryoM kA AgAra aura tIrtharatna rahI hai / isake apara nAma gajapura, nAgapura, brahmasthala aura AsaMdIvata prApta hote haiM, kintu lokapriya evaM pracalita nAma hastinApura hI hai| vartamAna zatI ke purAtAttvika utkhanana evaM khoja-zodha ne isa nagarI ke astittva tathA usakI saMskRti ke jJAta prAthamika caraNoM ko prAggaidika tAmrayugIna sindhughATI sabhyatA kA samasAmayika siddha kara diyA hai / kama se kama mahAbhArata kAla ke uparAnta vartamAna paryanta yaha nagarI kaI bAra ujar3I, phira basI aura punaH ujar3I, kintu jainoM ne ise apanA pavitra tIrtha sthAna mAnakara isake sAtha apanA samparka prAyaH avicchinna rUpa se banAye rkhaa| jaina paramparA ke anusAra yuga ke Adi meM ayodhyA aura kAzI ke sAtha hI gajapura (hastinApura) kI racanA devoM dvArA huI thI-isa kSetra meM hAthiyoM kA bAhulya hone kAraNa isa nagara kA nAma gajapura rakhA gyaa| RSabhadeva ke gaMzaja kuru ke nAma se yaha pradeza kurujAMgala deza kahalAyA, aura bhAratavarSa ke Adi cakravartI samrATa 'bharata (RSabhaputra) ke anuja bAhubali kA putra somayaza (somaprabha) gajapura kA prathama nareza huA-usI se kSatriyoM kA candravaMza claa| kahA jAtA hai ki isa somayaza ko hI bhagavAna ne kuru nAma pradAna kiyA thaa| dIkSA lene ke
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________________ kha-6 [ 43 uparAnta bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne chaH mAsa kA upavAsa kiyA, tadanantara pAraNa ke lie yatra-tatra vihAra kiyA, kintu chaH mAsa aura nirAhAra bIta gaye, pAraNA nahIM huA / antataH hastinApura meM rAjA somayaza ke anuja zreyAMsakumAra ne unheM ikSurasa kA AhAra diyaa| vaha dina baisAkha zukla tRtIyA kA thA ataH loka meM 'akSayatRtIyA' ke nAma se prasiddha huA / bhagavAna aura unake vaMzaja bhI isI kAraNa ikSvAku kahalAe / hastinApura meM hI sarvaprathama muni AhAradAna dekara zrAvaka dharma kA pravarttana karane ke upalakSya meM vahA~ eka ratnamayI stUpa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA / rAjA somayaza ke putra meghasvara jayakumAra bharatacakravartI ke pradhAna senApati the aura unhoMne kAzI kI rAjakumArI sulocanA ko svayaMvara meM prApta kiyA thA / somayaza ke eka vaMzaja hastina ke nAma para gajapura kA apara nAma hastinApura prasiddha huA / isI nagara meM sanatkumAra, zAnti, kunthu, ara aura subhUma nAma ke pA~ca cakravartI samrATa, jo jaina dharma ke pAlaka the, vibhinna samayoM meM hue / inameM se zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha aura aranAtha to kramazaH 16veM, 17 aura 18veM tIrthaMkara bhI the| ina tInoM tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha janma-tapa-jJAna nAmaka cAra cAra kalyANaka isI nagara meM hue, jinakI smRti meM yahA~ tIna stUpa nirmita hue, aura eka stUpa 19veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ke samavasaraNa ke Agamana kI smRti meM nirmita huaa| bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ke do pramukha zrAvaka, gaMgadatta aura kArtika zreSThi hastinApura ke hI nivAsI the / rakSAbaMdhana parva kI utpatti viSayaka ghaTanA - akampanAcAryAdi 700 muniyoM para bali dvArA kiyA gayA upasarga tathA muni viSNumAra dvArA bali kA bAMdhA jAnA evaM upasarga kA nivAraNa - isI nagara meM ghaTita huI thI / bhavisadatta nAmaka dharmAtmA vyApArI kI, paMca-pAMDavoM kI, tathA anya aneka jaina sAMskRtika ghaTanAoM, purANa evaM loka kathAoM kA sambaMdha hastinApura se rahA hai / 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA vihAra bhI hastinApura meM huA, yahA~ unake aneka anuyAyI hue, gajapura nareza svayaMbhU to dIkSA lekara unakA mukhya gaNadhara banA thaa| aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhI yahA~ padhAre aura isa nagara kA tatkAlIna rAjA zivarAja apane kuTumbIjanoM evaM anucaroM sahita unakA bhakta ziSya huA thA / unake padArpaNa kI smRti meM bhI hastinApura meM eka stUpa bnaa| droNamati parvata kA mahAtapasvI muni gurudatta, rAjakumAra mahAbala, zrAvakottama bala, pottali evaM sumUha, bhayaMkara vyAdha bhImakUTagraha, usakI strI uppalA aura putra gautama, tathA anya aneka prasiddha jaina vyakti hastinApura ke nivAsI the / prAcIna itihAsakAla meM jaina muniyoM kA eka prasiddha paMcastUpanikAya kahalAyA, jisakA pUrva meM vArANasI evaM aura Age baMgAla paryanta tathA dakSiNa meM karNATaka deza paryanta prasAra huA / usakA mUla nikAsa hastinApura ke paMcastUpoM se hI huA pratIta hotA hai / vartamAna meM hastinApura meM eka U~ce TIle para 1800 I0 ke lagabhaga dillI ke zAhI khajAMcI lAlA harasukharAya evaM unake suputra rAjA suganacandra dvArA nirmANita, bar3A digambara jaina maMdira hai, jo purAne mandiroM ke avazeSoM para nirmita huA pratIta hotA hai / maMdira kA bhavya uttaMga siMhadvAra hai, AMgana meM eka bhavya mAnastaMbha hai, aneka vediyAM haiM aura kaI bar3I-bar3I dharmazAlAeM haiM / yahA~ eka gurukula, dharmArtha auSadhAlaya, skUla, zAstra bhaMDAra, auSadhAlaya, triloka zodha saMsthAna Adi saMsthAe~ bhI haiM / tIrthakSetra kameTI ke sucAru prabandha meM tIrthakSetra kA uttama vikAsa ho rahA hai, aneka navIna nirmANa bhI ho rahe haiM / isa bar3e maMdira ke sAmane, sar3aka ke usa pAra choTA maMdira ( zvetAmbara ) 100 varSa purAnA hai, jisakA kucha varSa pUrva sundara navInIkaraNa evaM vistAra huA hai / maMdiroM se uttara dizA meM lagabhaga 5 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI ke bIca vibhinna TIloM para pUrvokta pAMca stUpa bane hue the, jinake sthAna meM jIrNoddhAra ke misa saMgamarmara kI niSadyAe~ yA niziyAM ( chatariyA~) banA dI gaI haiN| eka TIle para zvetAmbara niziyAM banI haiM- usI TIle se
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________________ lagabhaga 30-40 varSa pUrva, tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kI eka vizAla khaDgAsana manojJa pratimA, jo ajamera nivAsI kinhIM seTha devapAla ne yahA~ Akara 1176 I0 meM pratiSThApita kI thI, nikalI thii| pahalI aura dUsarI nizi ke madhya sthita eka anya TIle se, jo bArahadarI vAlA TIlA kahalA sakatA hai, abhI hAla meM eka khaMDita tritIrthI (zAnti-kunthu-ara) kI pratimA nikalI hai| parAtattva vibhAga kI ora se 20-25 varSa parva vidara ke TIle kI khadAI huI thI-usameM bhI kaI jaina mUrtiyA~ nikalI thIM, pahale bhI nikalatI rahI haiM / eka digambara muni kI zveta pASANa kI pratimA to vahIM se lagabhaga 60 varSa pUrva prApta huI thI, jI bIca meM kho gaI lagatI hai aura aba zAyada punaH prApta ho gaI hai| isa prakAra pavitra jaina tIrthakSetra hastinApura eka vikAsazIla uttama sthAna hai, yAtAyAta evaM AvAsa kI suvidhAe~ haiM aura eka acchA paryaTaka kendra hone kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| hastinApura meM kAttikI pUrNimA ke avasara para aSTadivasIya vizAla melA prativarSa hotA hai| jeTha badi 14 ko bhI eka choTA sA melA lagatA hai aura phAlguni aSTAnhikA meM bhI bahuta se yAtrI ikaTThe ho jAte haiN| zauripura 22veM tIrthakara neminAtha (ariSTanemi) ke janmasthAna zauripura kI pahacAna AgarA jile kI bAha tahasIla ke yamunAtaTa sthita kasbe baTezvara se 5 ki0 mI0 (paidalamArga se kevala 2 ki0 mI0) dUra, yamunA ke khAroM meM phaile hue khaMDaharoM se kI jAtI hai / AgarA se baTezvara 70 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI para dakSiNa-pUrva dizA meM hai, pakkI sar3aka hai, jisa para baseM calatI haiN| svayaM bAha se yaha sthAna 8 ki. mI. aura zikohAbAda se 25 ki0 mI. hai| baTezvara se zauripura kA mArga kaccA hai, kintu tAMgA, kAra Adi jA sakate haiM / 19vIM zatI I0 ke prathama pAda meM karnala TADa ne zauripura kI prAcInatA kI khyAti sunI thI, yahAM hIre Adi ratnoM ke jaba-taba mila jAne kI bAta bhI sunI thI aura kaI yUnAnI evaM pArthiyana sikke bhI yahA~ se prApta kiye satI ke antima yAda meM janarala kaniMghama ke sahakArI kArlAila ne zauripura ke khaMDaharoM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA thA, jisase siddha haA ki prAcIna samaya meM yaha atyanta samRddha nagarI rahI thI, do hajAra varSa pUrva bhI yaha vyApAra kA acchA kendra thI, aura jainoM ke sAtha usakA ghaniSTa sambandha rahA / vastutaH, jainoM ne usake sAtha apanA samparka kabhI nahIM choDA, sadaiva se use apanA pavitra tIrtha mAnate aura usakI yAtrA karate Aye haiN| balki madhyakAla meM to 16vIM zatI se lekara 19vIM ke prAyaH anta taka zauripuri meM digambara bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI rahI-unake pITha kA mukhyAlaya sambhavatayA nikaTavartI hathikata meM thA, kintu ve bahudhA zauripura ke bhaTTArakoM ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha the, aura isa tIrtha kI vyavasthA bhI vahI karate the / san 1924 I0 ke lagabhaga unake antima uttarAdhikArI yati rAmapAla kI hatyA ho jAne ke uparAta AgarA ke jainoM ne eka zauripura tIrthakSetra kameTI gaThita kI, aura vahI taba se isa kSetra kI dekhabhAla karatI A rahI hai| zauripura meM kaI prAcIna jaina mandira, aneka jina mUrtiyoM evaM jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke khaMDita-akhaMDita avazeSa mile haiN| vartamAna mandiroM meM jo ThIka dazA meM hai aura tIrtha kA mukhya mandira hai, 1667 I0 meM zauripura ke bhaTTAraka dvArA nirmApita evaM pratiSThApita hai| vaha svayaM mUlasaMgha-balAtkAragaNa-sarasvatIgaccha-kundakundAnvaya ke bhaTrAraka janatabhUSaNa ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara the| dasarA mandira baruvAmaTha hai jo yahA~ kA sarnaprAcIna jaina mandira samajhA jAtA hai| isakI purAnI pratimAe~ corI calI jAne para, 1953 I0 meM kRSNa pASANa kI 8 phuTa uttaMga neminAtha kI manojJa pratimA pratiSThita kI gayI thii| isa kSetra ke jaina yAdava rAjapUta kisI AtmIya kI mRtyu hone
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________________ 13-bhavya siMhadvAra, digambara bar3A mandira, hastinApura
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________________ 14-caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI ToMke, hastinApura
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________________ FOLCI LLLL 15- jala-mandira, hastinApura
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________________ 16-mAnastaMbhayUta di. jaina mandira, hastinApura
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________________ kha - 6 [ 45 para isa mandira se lage cabUtare para dIpadAna karate haiN| tIsarA mandira zaMkhadhvaja nAma kA hai jisameM cAra vediyAM haiM, mUlanAyaka neminAtha haiM, anya bhI kaI kalApUrNa madhyakAlIna mUttiyA~ haiM / bAIM ora ke garbhAlaya meM pArzvanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha (geMDA lAMchana ) aura candraprabhu kI pratimAe~ haiM, jinameM se madhyavartI pratimA para saM0 1357 ( I0 1300 ) kA pratiSThA lekha aMkita hai / dAIM ora ke garbhagRha meM eka pratimA 1251 I0 kI hai| yahA~ paMcabAlayati, caturtIrthI Adi zilA phalaka bhI haiM, yakSa-yakSi mUrtiyAM bhI haiN| inameM se kaI eka hatakAnta ( hastikAntapura) ke bhaTTArakIya mandira se lAkara virAjamAna kI gaI haiM / svayaM hatakAnta meM, kahA jAtA hai ki, 51 pratiSThAoM ke vahAM hue hone kA patA calatA hai / yaha bhI kahA jAtA ki phiroja tugalaka ne hatakAnta para AkramaNa karake yahA~ ke mandiroM kA bhI dhvaMsa kiyA thA jo mandira vidyamAna hai vaha pakkA dumanjilA aura vizAla hai, bAda meM bhaTTArakoM dvArA banavAyA huA hai / isa kSetra meM DAkuoM kA AtaMka adhika hai, ata: vahA~ aba koI jaina nahIM rahatA aura mandira arakSita par3A hai / uparokta zaMkhadhvaja mandira ke bAIM ora maidAna meM eka parakoTe ke bhItara kaI prAcIna ToMkeM, chatariyAM Adi banI huI haiM / yaha sthAna paMcamar3hI kahalAtA hai / isameM 11vIM - 12vIM zatI ke lagabhaga kI do bha0 mahAvIra kI aura eka naminAtha kI pratimAeM haiN| chatariyoM meM yama Adi kaI muniyoM ke caraNa cinha bane haiM, tathA dhanya nAmaka antakRta safe kI atyanta prAcIna ToMka hai / eka mandira para zvetAmbaroM kA bhI adhikAra hai, usameM bha0 neminAtha kI pratimA virAjamAna hai / zauripura meM eka 16 phuTa caur3A ati prAcIna kuMA hai, jisakA jala bar3A svAdiSTa evaM svAsthyavardhaka hai / digambara tIrtha kSetra kameTI ne eka dharmazAlA tathA eka ku~A bhI banavAyA hai / nikaTavartI baTezvara mukhyatayA zaiva tIrtha hai, kintu vahA~ bhI zauripura ke bhaTTArakoM dvArA banavAyA huA eka vizAla jaina mandira aura dharmazAlA hai / isa mandira meM parimAla candela ke prasiddha senAnI AlhA yA Udala ke putra jalhaNa dvArA baisAkha vadi 7 saM0 1224 ( I0 1176) meM pratiSThApita ajitanAtha kI manojJa mUrti hai, jo mahobA se lAI gaI batAI jAtI hai aura loka meM maniyAdeva ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa ke AsapAsa 22dhAtu pratimAeM virAjamAna haiM / isa mandira meM eka ati kalApUrNa zAMtinAtha zilApaTa hai jisa para saM0 1125 ( I0 1068 ) kI tithi aMkita hai / anya bhI aneka pASANa evaM dhAtu kI madhyakAlIna kalApUrNa jina pratimAe~ haiM / aisI kivadaMtI hai ki kisI musalamAna sardAra kI senA ne zauripura ke prAcIna mandiroM ko dhvasta kara diyA thA / zauripuri kI sthApanA kA zreya mahArAja zUra yA zUrasena ko hai| ati prAcIna kSatriya rAjA hari se harivaMza kI utpatti huI thI, usI ke vaMza meM 20veM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata hue, aura Age calakara vasu nAmakA prasiddha rAjA huA / vasu kI santati meM yaduvaMza kA saMsthApaka yadu huA, jisake putra narapati ke zUra aura suvIra nAma ke do putra hue| zUra ke nAma para hI isa pUre mahAjanapada kA nAma zUrasena par3A - mathurA aura zauripura isake mukhya nagara the / zUra ne mathurA meM to apane anuja suvIra ko sthApita kiyA aura svayaM mahAjanapada ke eka bhAga meM, jo kuzArtha, kuzArta yA kuzadya viSaya kahalAtA thA, zauripuri yA zauryapura nagara kI sthApanA kii| isI nagara meM zUra ke uparAnta usake putra andhakavRSNi ne rAjya kiyA / andhaka vRSNi ke dazaputra the jinameM sabase bar3e samudravijaya the aura sabase choTe vasudeva the / zauripura meM hI mahArAja samudravijaya kI mahAdevI zivAdevI kI kukSi se 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA janma huA thA / unake vIra, sAhasI evaM kAmadevopama sundara cAcA vasudeva ke putra balarAma aura trikhaMDa cakravartI nArAyaNa kRSNa the, tathA buA kuntI ke putra hastinApura ke yudhiSThirAdi pAMDava aura karNa the| mathurA meM suvIra ke pautra aura bhojakavRSNi ke putra ugrasena kI putrI devakI kRSNa kI jananI thIM, aura putra kaMsa mathurA kA atyAcArI zAsaka huA / rAjagRha nareza jarAsandha ke nirantara AkramaNoM se tasta hokara yAdavagaNa zauripuri kA parityAga karake pazcimI samudrataTavartI dvArikA nagarI meM jA base the / yaha ghaTanA neminAtha kI bAlyAvasthA meM ho ghaTita huI pratIta hotI hai / phalasvarUpa zauripura kI
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________________ 46 ] nagarI ujAr3a prAyaH ho gaI, kintu gauNarUpa meM banI bhI rahI aura tIrthaMkara kI garbha-janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM pUjI bhI jAtI rhii| neminAtha ke janma se kucha pUrva hI zauripura ke nikaTavartI gaMdhamAdana parvata para munirAja supratiSThita ne kevalajJAna prApta kiyA thA aura unhIM ke nikaTa zauripura nareza andhakavRSNi aura mathurA nareza bhojakavRSNi ne munidIkSA lI thii| zauripura meM hI amalakaMThapura nareza niSThasena ke putra rAjakumAra dhanya ne jaba bha0 neminAtha se munidIkSA lekara vihAra kiyA thA to vaha eka zikArI rAjA ke bANoM se biddha hokara antakRta kevali hae the| munirAja alasatkumAra ne bhI isI nagara meM kevalajJAna evaM mokSa prApta kiyA thaa| bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya meM isI nagara meM yama nAmaka muni antakRti kevali huye the| vasudeva kI prathama patnI aura balarAma kI mAtA rohiNI ke satItva kI parIkSA bhI isI zauripura meM huI thii| madhyayuga ke prAraMbha meM isa nagara kA sambandha muni lokacandra se rahA, aura kAlAntara meM yahA~ jo bhaTTArakIya paTTa sthApita haA usameM 16vIM zatI I0 ke prArambha se lekara 20vIM zatI ke prArambha paryanta kramazaH lalitakIrti, dharmakIti, zIla bhUSaNa, jJAnabhUSaNa, jagatbhUSaNa, vizvabhUSaNa, devendrabhUSaNa, surendrabhUSaNa, lakSmIbhUSaNa, jinendrabhUSaNa, mahendrabhUSaNa, rAjendrabhUSaNa, harendrabhUSaNa aura yati rAmapAla nAma ke bhaTTAraka hue, jinhoMne zauripura, baTezvara,hathikAnta tathA AsapAsa ke anya nagaroM evaM grAmoM meM pacAsoM mandira banavAye, saikar3oM pratiSThAeM karAIM, svayaM tathA apane ziSyoM evaM Azrita vidvAnoM se vipula sAhitya kI racanA karAI, aura apanI siddhiyoM evaM camatkAroM se bhI janatA ko prabhAvita kiyaa| (kha) anya kalyANaka kSetra u0 pra0 meM sthita tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmiyoM ke atirikta anya kalyANaka kSetroM meM prayAga, pabhosA, saMkisA, ahicchatrA aura pAvAnagara haiN| prayAga ilAhAbAda nagara kA prAcIna bhAga, jo triveNI-saMgama ke nikaTa prayAga nAma se prasiddha hai, bhAratavarSa kA mahAna tIrtha sthAna rahatA AyA hai| jaina sAhitya meM bhI use eka tIrthakSetra mAnA gayA hai, aura vahAM usake aparanAma prajAga, purimatAla evaM pUrvatAlapura prApta hote haiM / isa nagara meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke eka choTe putra vRSabhasena kA rAjya thA, jo bAda meM unakA gaNadhara bhI huA / yahI siddhArtha nAmaka vana meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jinadIkSA lI thI aura usake upalakSa meM prajA ne unakI pUjA kI thI, isIlie vaha sthAna prajAga yA prayAga nAma se prasiddha haa| evamuktvA prajA yatra prajApatimapUjayana / pradezaH sa prajAgAkhyo yataH pUjArthayogataH // -harivaMza, IX, 96 Age calakara isI pUrvatAlapura, purimatAla yA prayAga meM, saMgama ke nikaTa vaTavRkSa ke nIce unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA thA, jisake kAraNa yaha vRkSa loka meM 'akSayavaTa' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| aura isI prayAga kI pavitra bhUmi para Adi tIrthaMkara kA sarvaprathama dharmacakra pravartana huA thaa| isI sthAna meM aNNikApuna ko gaMgA pAra karate samaya kevala jJAna huA batAyA jAtA hai| pabhosA pabhosA, paphosA yA prabhAsagiri ilAhAbAda jile meM prAcIna mahAnagarI kauzAmbI ke lagabhaga 4 ki0 mI0 uttara-pazcima meM sthita hai aura jainoM kA parama pavitra tIrtha hai| isa pahAr3I para kauzAmbI meM janme chaThe tIrthaMkara
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________________ [ 47 padmaprabhu ke tapa aura jJAna kalyANaka hue the| isa tapobhUmi para IsApUrva dUsarI zatI meM ahicchatrA ke rAjA ASAr3hasena ne kAzyapIya arahaMtoM (jaina muniyoM) ke nivAsa ke lie guphAeM banavAI thIM, jaisAki vahAM prApta usake zilAlekha se pragaTa hai / usa samaya kauzAmbI kA rAjA bahasatimitra thA jo ukta ASAr3hasena kA bhAnajA thA / pahAr3I para anya bhI prAcIna jaina avazeSa prApta haiM, aura prayAga nivAsI hIrAlAla goyala dvArA 1824 I0 meM banavAyA huA padmaprabhu kA bhavya mandira hai, tathA eka dharmazAlA bhI hai / yaha sthAna avazya hI prAcInakAla meM jaina muniyoM kI tapobhUmi rahA hai| saMkisA pharrukhAbAda jile meM, moTA rela sTezana se lagabhaga 8 ki0 mI0 para prAcIna saMkisA, saMkAssa yA saMkAzya nAmaka prAcIna sAMskRtika kendra ke avazeSa haiM / vartamAna kampila se yaha sthAna lagabhaga 30 ki0mI0 dUra hai, kintu prAcIna samaya meM sambhavatayA mahAnagarI kAmpilya kA hI eka saMniveza thaa| yahAM mauryakAla jitane prAcIna purAtattvAvazeSa mile haiM, jinameM jainamandiroM aura matiyoM ke avazeSa bhI mile haiN| janarala kaniMghama ko nikaTavartI pilakhanA TIle ke Upara bhI eka jinamandira ke dhvaMsAvazeSa mile the| yaha sthAna kampilya meM janme 137 tIrthakara vimalanAtha kI tapa aura kevala jJAna bhUmi hai| madhyakAla meM jaina kavi dhanapAla evaM bhagavatIdAsa isI sthAna ke nivAsI the, aura muni brahmagulAla ne bhI yahAM nivAsa kiyA thaa| saMkisA bauddha dharma kA bhI tIrtha hai, aura idhara saikar3oM varSoM se usI rUpa meM usakI adhika prasiddhi rahI hai| ahicchatrA barelI jile kI AMvalA tahasIla ke kasbe rAmanagara ke bAhya bhAga meM suprasiddha jainatIrtha ahicchatA hai| isa sthAna para 237 tIrthakara pAnAtha para purANaprasiddha mahA upasarga huA thA aura unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huI thii| yahIM bhagavAna pAnAtha ke prathama samavasaraNa kI racanA huI thI / kisI samaya yahAM eka vizAla evaM ramaNIka nagara thA, kintu aba jaMgala meM yatra-tatra phaile prAcIna TIle aura dhvasta khaNDahara hI zeSa haiN| inake atirikta eka bhavya evaM vizAla jaina mandira hai jisameM pAMca vediyAM haiM / eka vedI 'tikhAla vAle bAbA' kI kahalAtI hai jisameM bha0 pAnAtha kI pratimA tathA caraNa cinha sthApita haiM / anya vediyoM meM bhI manojJa jaina pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiN| upasarga sthAna para eka darzanIya chatrI (niSIdhikA) kA bhI nirmANa ho cukA hai| eka zikharabanda mandira rAmanagara kasbe meM bhI hai| kSetra para eka vizAla dharmazAlA bhI hai, jisameM yAtriyoM ke lie Avazyaka suvidhAeM upalabdha haiN| bijalI bhI A gaI hai aura revatI bahoDAkher3A se, jahAM nikaTatama rela sTezana hai, kSetra taka pakkI sar3aka bhI bana gaI hai| AMvalA rela sTezana se kSetra lagabhaga 6 mIla hai| kSetra ke nikaTa hI eka rAjakIya vikAsa khaNDa kI bhI sthApanA ho cukI hai| prativarSa caitra vadI 8 se 12 taka isa kSetra para bhArI jaina melA hotA hai / isa tIrtha kSetra kI vyavasthA eka prabandhakAriNI kameTI karatI hai, jisane tathA rAmapura Adi nikaTavartI sthAnoM ke jainoM ne gata varSoM meM isa kSetra ke saMrakSaNa, unnati, vikAsa aura pracAra meM prabhUta yoga diyA hai| phalasvarUpa sahastroM yAtrI prativarSa isa tIrtha kI yAtrA karane Ate haiN| yaha sthAna 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI jJAnakalyANa bhUmi hai| I0pU0 877 meM janme aura 777 meM nirvANa prApta bha0 pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA ko aba prAyaH sabhI dezI evaM videzI vidvAnoM ne mAnya kara liyA hai / apane tapa kAla meM, hastinApura meM pAraNA karake vaha gaMgA ke kinAre-kinAre ji0 bijanaura ke usa sthAna para
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________________ 48 ] Aye the jo bAda meM 'porasanAtha kilA' khlaayaa| vahAM se vihAra karake vaha utara pAMcAla rAjya kI rAjadhAnI pAMcAlapUrI, aparanAma paricakrA evaM zaMkhAvalI, ke nikaTavartI bhImATavI nAmaka gahana vana meM phuNce| jaba vaha vahAM kAyotsarga dhyAna meM lIna the to zambara nAmaka duSTa asura ne una para bhISaNa upasarga kiye / nAgarAja dharaNendra aura yakSezvarI padmAvatI ne una upasargoM ke nivAraNa kA yathAzakti prayatna kiyaa| nAgarAja (ahi) ne to bhagavAna ke sira ke Upara chatrAkAra sahasraphaNa maMDapa banAyA thaa| isI kAraNa vaha nagarI (pAMcAlapurI) bhI loka meM 'ahicchatA' nAma se prasiddha hii| bhagavAna ko vahIM usI samaya kevalajJAna prApta huA, unakA samavasaraNa jur3A aura unake dharmacakra kA pravartana huaa| isa prakAra ahicchatrA jainoM kA parama punIta tIrtha banA, aura ve usake darzanArtha barAbara Ate rahe, yadyapi yaha sthAna cirakAla se ujAr3a enaM vanAcchAdita par3A huA hai| prAcIna mandiroM evaM bhavanoM ke bhagnAvazeSoM ke rUpa meM kaI TIle yahAM bikhare par3e haiM, aura eka prAcIna durga kI prAcIra ke avazeSa bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / kaniMghama, eTakinsana, phuharara, nevila Adi kI riporToM evaM gajeTiyaroM se prakaTa hai ki isa sthAna ke eka jainatIrtha hone kI tathA bha0 pArzvanAtha ke sAtha usakA sambandha hone kI mAnyatA madhyakAla meM bhI banI rahI aura avicchinna rUpa meM vartamAna paryanta calI AI hai| isa zatAbdI meM hue purAtAttvika utkhanana evaM zodha khoja se jahAM vividha vipUla sAmagrI prakAza meM AI hai vahAM usane yaha bhI siddha kara diyA ki kama se kama gata do hajAra varSa se yaha sthAna ahicchatrA nAma se hI prasiddha rahA hai| aneka jaina purANa evaM kathA graMthoM meM ahicchatA ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| I0 pU0 2rI zatI ke lagabhaga hue ahicchatrA ke rAjA ASAr3hasena ne apane bhAnaje kauzAmbI ke rAjA bahasatimitra ke rAjya meM sthita prabhAsagiri (prabhosA) para jaina muniyoM ke lie guphAyeM banavAI thii| usake nikaTa vaMzaja rAjA vasupAla ne ahicchatrA meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA bhavya mandira banavAyA thaa| dUsarI zatI I0 meM ahicchanA kA rAjA padmanAbha jaina thA aura usI ke putroM daddiga aura mAdhava ne sudUra dakSiNa meM jAkara maisUra ke prasiddha gaMgarAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| ahicchatrA ke kottarI (kaTArI) kher3Apara prAcIna jaina mandira aura mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa mile haiM jinameM 2rI zatI I0 ke eka lekha meM 'ahicchatrA' nAma bhI spaSTa rUpa meM aMkita hai| chaThI-sAtavIM zatI meM isI nagara ke pArzva jinAlaya meM apanI dArzanika zaMkA kA samAdhAna prApta karake brAhmaNa vidvAna pAtrakesari ne samyaka daSTi prApta kI thI tathA pAtrakesari-stotra kI racanA kI thI aura 11vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM isI nagara meM jaina mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne apane neminirvANa-kAvya kI racanA kI thii| caudahavIM zatI meM AcArya jinaprabhasari ne isa tIrtha kI yAtrA kI thI aura usakA varNana apane vividha tIrthaMkalpa ke antargata ahicchannA-kalpa meM kiyA thA, jisameM unhoMne yahAM ke smArakoM, atizayoM, AzcaryoM aura anuzrutiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| AgarA ke paM0 banArasIdAsa ne 17vI zatAbdI meM ahicchatA kI yAtrA kI thI aura 1748 I. meM kavi AsArAma ne ahicchatra-pArzvanAthastotra kI racanA kI thii| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara pArzva kI jJAna-kalyANa bhUmi, jainoM kA pAvanatIrtha, uttara pradeza kA eka prAcIna sAMskRtika kendra evaM kalAdhAma aura prAcIna bhArata kI eka samRddha rAjadhAnI yaha ahicchanA nagarI rahI hai jo apane mahatva evaM avazeSoM ke lie Aja bhI darzanIya hai| pAvAnagara uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile meM sthita saMThiyAvaDIha phAjilanagara kA samIkaraNa aneka vidvAna bauddha sAhitya meM ullikhita malloM kI pApA se karate haiM aura kaI eka use hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi pAvA,
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________________ 17-bhagavAna pArzvanAtha mandira, ahicchatrA
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________________ 19-'tikhAla vAle bAyA', ahicchatrA 19-di0 jaina dharmazAlA, ahicchatrA
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________________ [ 49 madhyamApAvA yA apApApurI mAnane lage haiM / ataeva ukta saMThiyAvaDIha ko navIna nAma pAvAnagara de diyA gayA hai / lagabhaga 26 varSa pUrva vahAM eka vidyAlaya bhI 'pAvAnagara mahAvIra iMTara kAleja' nAma se sthApita huA thA, jo isa varSa zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti u0 pra0 ke prayatna se DigrI kAleja ho gayA hai / eka jinAlaya aura dharmazAlA banAne kA bhI prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai, zrI pAvAnagara nirvANa kSetra samiti nAma kI eka kamiTI bhI gaThita ho gaI hai| yaha sthAna gorakhapura se 45 mIla, devariyA se 35 mIla, kasayA se 10 mI0, kuzInagara se 12 mIla aura tamakahI roDa se 12 mIla para sthita hai| yoM jainoM meM cira pracalita loka vizvAsa ke anusAra bha0 mahAvIra kI nirvANabhUmi bihAra rAjya ke paTanA jile meM bihAra zarIpha rela sTezana se nAtidUra sthita pAvApura hai jahAM kaI prAcIna evaM arvAcIna bhavya aura vizAla jina mandira, dharmazAlAe~ Adi haiM tathA nirvANa kA smA jala-mandira hai| ataeva devariyA jile ke pAvAnagara kA mahAvIra kI nirvANabhami honA nirvivAda nahIM hai, tathApi yaha sthAna bhI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai, yahAM aneka purAne TIle bhI haiM jinake purAtAttvika utkhanana se, sambhava hai, kucha tathya prakAza meM AyeM jo ukta vivAda ke samAdhAna meM sahAyaka hoN| (ga) tapobhUmiyAM evaM siddhabhUmiyAM isa varga meM uttara pradeza meM sthita prayAga, gar3havAla-himAlaya ke zrInagara tathA nara, nArAyaNa, badrInAtha, Adi parvata zikhara, pabhosA, hastinApura, pArasanAtha kilA, zauripura aura mathurA haiN| inameM se prayAga, pamosA, hastinApura aura zauripura kA paricaya Upara diyA jA cukA hai| gar3havAla-himAlaya yugAdijina bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apane muni jIvana meM madhya-himAlaya ke pArvatIya pradezoM meM tapazcaraNa kiyA aura kevala jJAna kI prApti ke uparAnta vahAM vihAra karake dharmopadeza bhI diyA thA, aisA AdipuraNa Adi prAcIna granthoM se pragaTa hotA hai| gar3havAla kA paramadhAma badrInAtha jisa parvatazikhara para sthita hai, usake eka ora 'nara' parvata hai aura dUsarI ora 'nArAyaNa' parvata hai-naraparvata bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI tapobhUmi hai aura nArAyaNa parvata dezanA bhUmi / vaha nara se nArAyaNa, AtmA se paramAtmA ho gaye the, isI tathya ke pratIka rUpa meM ukta parnatoM ke ye nAma prasiddha hue lagate haiN| svayaM badrInAtha kI mUrti ko jainIjana tIrthaMkara pratimA hI jAnate-mAnate rahe haiM aura darzanArtha usa dhAma kI yAtrA bhI karate rahe haiN| uttarI himazRMkhalA ko pAra karake parvatarAja kailAsa, aparanAma aSTApada, ke zikhara se hI una RSabhalAMchana, jaTAdhArI, mahAdeva RSabhanAtha ne nirvANa, siddhatva evaM zivatva prApta kiyA thaa| anya aneka muniyoM ne bhI bhagavAna ke sAtha mukti lAbha kI thii| paur3Igar3havAla kI rAjadhAnI zrInagara meM bhagavAna kA samavasaraNa AyA lagatA hai| vahA~ madhyakAla meM alakanaMdA ke taTa para eka bhavya AdinAtha mandira vidyamAna thA, jo 1892 I0 kI gaunA kI bAr3ha meM dhvasta ho gyaa| vartamAna zatI ke prArambha meM navIna mandira bnaa| vaha bhI bhavya hai aura usameM purAne mandira kI, bAr3ha se bacI, kucha ati prAcIna pratimAeM bhI haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki madhya himAlaya ke ye pAnatIya pradeza jaina muniyoM kI bahudhA tapobhUmi rahe haiN| pArasanAtha kilA bijanaura jile ke nagInA nAmaka kasbe ke uttara-pUrva 9 mIla para bar3hApura nAma kA choTA sA kasbA hai. jisake 3 mIla pUrva dizA meM kisI ati prAcIna bastI ke khaNDaharoM se yukta kaI TIle haiN| ye TIle do Der3ha varga mIla
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________________ 50 ] kha -- 6 ke kSetra meM phaile haiM, aura ye khaNDahara hI 'pArasanAtha kilA' nAma se prasiddha haiM / inameM se mukhya bar3e TIle para eka sudRr3ha prAcIna durga ke bhagnAvazeSa prApta hue haiM aura vizeSarUpa se yaha kilA hI pArasanAtha - kilA kahalAtA rahA hai / isa sthAna kI vyavasthita rUpa se purAtAtvika zodha-khoja to abhI nahIM huI hai, kintu jitanI kucha bhI huI usake phalasvarUpa yahAM se aneka khaMDita akhaMDita tIrthaMkara pratimAe~, kalApUrNa tIrthaMkara paTTa, mAnastambha, jinamUrtiyoM se alaMkRta daravAjoM ke siradala, tathA anya aneka kalAkRtiyAM prApta huI haiM / ekAkI tIrthaMkara pratimAoM meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI eka vizAlakAya bhagna pratimA hai jo bar3hApura gAMva meM prApta huI thI, tathA tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva, sambhavanAtha, candraprabhu, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, aura mahAvIra kI bhI pratimAe~ haiM / eka khaNDita kintu atyanta kalApUrNa zilApaTTa para kendra meM eka tIrthaMkara padmAsanastha haiM / usake bAyeM ora koSThaka meM do khaDgAsana tIrthaMkara pratimAeM haiM jinameM se eka saptaphaNAlaMkRta hai bataeva nizcita rUpa se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimA hai / dUsarI sambhava hai neminAtha kI ho| dAyeM bhAga meM usI prakAra do pratimAe~ hoMgI, kintu vaha bhAga TUTa gayA hai / pUrA paTTa paMcajinendra paTTa athavA paMcabAlayati paTTa rahA hogA / eka anya atyanta kalApUrNa paTTa para madhya meM kamalAMkita Asana para bha0 mahAvIra virAjamAna haiM, unake eka ora neminAtha kI tathA dUsarI ora candraprabhu kI khaDgAsana pratimAe~ haiM / utphulla kamaloM se maMDita prabhAmaMDala, sira ke Upara chattataya, AjU-bAjU susajjita gajayugala, kalpavRkSa, caurIvAhaka, mAlAvAhaka, pITha pIche kalApUrNa stambha, kubera, ambikA Adi se samanvita yaha mUttakana atyanta manojJa evaM darzanIya haiN| paTTa ke pAdamUla meM eka paMkti kA lekha bhI hai- 'zrI viraddhamAna sAmideva sama 1067 rANalasuta bharata pratimA praThapi / lekha kI bhASA apabhraSTa saMskRta athavA prAkRta jaisI aura lipi brAhmI hai / pro0 kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ne ise vi0 saM0 1067 arthAta san 1010 I0 kA anumAna kiyA hai / kintu lekha ko dekhate hue aisA pratIta hotA hai ki saMbhava hai vaha mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat ho, jisake anusAra yaha lekha evaM pratimApaTTa san 540 I0 kA honA caahie| lekha kI bhASA aura lipi bhI 11vIM zatI kI na hokara guptottara kAla, 6-7vIM zatI kI jaisI pratIta hotI hai / isa sthAna se gaMgA-yamunA kI mUrti yukta dvAra kI caukhaTa ke aMza bhI mile haiM, jinakA pracalana guptakAla meM huA thA / gupta zailI kI anya kaI kalAkRtiyAM bhI isa sthAna meM prApta huI haiM / ataeva yaha sthAna guptakAla jitanA prAcIna to hai hI, aura 11-12vIM zatI taka yahAM acchI bastI rahI pratIta hotI hai / ye vividha tathA unake jaina kalAkRtiyAM, kaI jaina mandiroM ke tathA eka acche jaina adhiSThAna (maTha yA vihAra) ke cinha yaha sUcita karate haiM ki guptottara kAla meM yaha sthAna eka samRddha evaM prasiddha jaina kendra rahA hogA / isa sthAna se prApta tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ bhI sabhI digambara haiM, jaisA ki madhyakAla se pUrva prAyaH sabhI jinapratimAe~ hotI thIM / pUrvokta bar3hApura vAlI vizAlakAya pArzva pratimA dharaNendra - padmAvatI samanvita haiM, usakA ghaTATopa maNDala bhI darzanIya hai aura siMhAsana para bhI sarpa kI er3adAra kuMDaliyAM dikhAI gaI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pArasanAtha - kilA ke mukhya jinaprAsAda kI mUlanAyaka pratimA yahI hogI, aura jisa samaya yaha pratiSThita kI gaI hogI usa samaya taka bha0 pArzvanAtha ke upasarga kI ghaTanA tathA isa sthAna ke sAtha bhI unakA sambandha rahe hone kI bAta sthAnIya janatA kI smRti meM surakSita thI / sambhava hai ki bha0 pArzvanAtha ke samaya se hI yaha sthAna unake nAma se prasiddha ho calA ho / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ahicchatrA se vihAra karake sthAna para punaH Aye the / vahA~ unakA samavasaraNa to AyA hI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha nikaTavartI bijanaura jile ke isa lagatA hai, kevalajJAna ke pUrva hastinApura se pAraNo
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________________ [ 51 parAnta vihAra karake ahicchatA kI bhImATavI meM pahuMcane ke pUrva bhI vaha kucha samaya isa sthAna para tiSThe aura tapasyA kI thI / ataeva yaha unakI tapobhUmi aura dezanAbhUmi rahI pratIta hotI hai / mathurA 'bhavimANa puNNariddhI jA jAyai maharatittha jattAe' -vividha tIrtha kalpa uttara pradeza meM yamunAtaTavartI mathurA brajamaNDala kI mukuTamaNi hai| hindU, jaina aura bauddha anuzrutiyoM meM jina prAcInakAlIna solaha mahAjanapadoM, yA aTThAraha mahArAjyoM athavA sAr3he paccIsa AryadezoM ke ullekha milate haiM una saba meM zUrasena yA zaurasena deza kI bhI gaNanA kI gayI hai| mathurA isI zaurasena janapada kI rAjadhAnI thI, itanA hI nahIM, vaha prAcIna bhAratavarva kI prasiddha daza rAjadhAniyoM athavA pramukha mahAnagariyoM meM ginI jAtI thii| isa mathurA ke anukaraNa para hI dakSiNa bhArata ke pANDya deza kI rAjadhAnI madurA yA madhurA khlaaii| ina donoM meM paraspara bheda karane ke lie prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM bahudhA unheM uttara mathurA evaM dakSiNa mathurA nAmoM se sUcita kiyA gayA hai| __paurANika anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra ati prAcIna kAla meM suprasiddha harivaMza kA isa pradeza para Adhipatya thA / isI vaMza ke zUra yA zUrasena nAmaka rAjA ke nAma se isa deza kA zaurasena nAma prasiddha huA aura isa pradeza kI bhASA bhI zaurasenI khlaaii| mayurA nagara kA vAstavika nirmAtA bhI sambhavatayA yahI nareza thaa| harivaMza kI eka pradhAna zAkhA yaduvaMza thI / kAlAntara meM isa zAkhA kA hI zaurasena pradeza se ghaniSTha sambandha rahA / mahAbhAratakAla meM yaduvaMziyoM kI pradhAna rAjadhAnI vartamAna AgarA ke nikaTa zaurIpura meM thI / yadyapi kucha samaya pazcAt usakA parityAga karake yAdava loga pazcima taTavartI dvArakApurI meM jA base the, kintu isa deza ke sAtha unakA sambandha banA rahA / mathurA meM zUra ke anuja suvIra ke pautra aura bhojakavRSNi ke putra ugrasena kA rAjya thaa| yaha rAjA nArAyaNa kRSNa kA mAtAmaha thaa| svayaM kRSNa kI janmabhUmi evaM bAlalIlA bhUmi bhI mathurA hI thii| ugrasena ke AtatAyI putra kaMsa kA uccheda karake kRSNa ne hI ugrasena ko phira se mathurA ke siMhAsana para sthApita kiyA thA, aura ugrasena ke vaMzaja jo ugravaMzI bhI kahalAye, matharA meM mauryakAla paryanta rAjya karate rhe| magadha sAmrAjya ke utkarSa kAla meM mathurA kA rAjya nandoM aura mauryoM kA karada rAjya rahA pratIta hotA hai| zaMgakAla meM pazcimottara dizA se yavanoM (yUnAniyoM) ke AkramaNa prArambha ho gaye aura unake zAsaka damina evaM minendara ne 2rI zatI I0pU0 meM sambhavatayA mathurA para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thaa| prathama zatI I0pU0 ke madhya ke lagabhaga zaka jAti ne isa nagara para adhikAra kara liyA aura lagabhaga eka sau varSa paryanta zaka mahAkSatrapa mevaki, rajjubala, zoDAsa Adi ne yahAM zAsana kiyaa| unake uparAnta pahalavoM (pArthiyanoM) kA bhI kucha kAla ra rahA ho sakatA hai / prathama zatAbdI IsvI ke antima pAda se lekara lagabhaga 3rI zatI I0 ke madhya taka kuSANa narezoM kA mathurA meM zAsana rahA / tadanantara nAgoM evaM vakATakoM kA prabhutva rahA aura 4thI zatI I0 ke madhya se lekara 7vIM zatI I0 ke prArambha taka mathurA gupta sAmrAjya kA aMga rahI, jisake pazcAt kucha dina hUNoM kA bhI adhikAra rahA / san 531 I0 ke lagabhaga mAlavA nareza yazodharmana ke hAthoM hUNa nareza mihirakula kI parAjaya ke uparAnta mathurA meM phira se kisI prAcIna bhAratIya vaMza kA, sambhavatayA ugravaMza kI kisI zAkhA kA, rAjya sthApita ho gayA aura 7vIM zatAbdI meM isa vaMza ke jinadattarAya nAmaka eka rAjakumAra ke dakSiNa bhArata meM cale
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________________ kha-6 jAne aura karNATaka deza ke eka bhAga meM sAntAra vaMza kI sthApanA karane ke pramANa milate haiM / dakSiNa karNATaka kA yaha jaina rAjavaMza kAlAntara meM kaI zAkhA-prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta hotA huA humbaca, kArka Adi sthAnoM meM uttara madhyakAla paryanta calatA rhaa| mathurA meM isa vaMza ke mUla puruSAoM ke vaMzaja sthAnezvara ke vardhanavaMzI narezoM aura tadanantara kannauja ke gurjara pratihAroM kI adhInatA meM Asa-pAsa ke pradeza para rAjya karate rahe / rAjapUta yuga meM bhI gvAliyara, kannauja aura dillI ke rAjyoM ke bIca mathurA kA choTA sA rAjya dabA rahA tathA 13vIM zatI I0 meM dillI para musalamAnoM kA adhikAra hone ke uparAnta mathurA para bhI unakA zAsana sthApita ho gyaa| uttara mugalakAla meM kucha samaya ke lie bharatapura ke jATa rAjAoM ne bhI isa nagara para adhikAra rakkhA kintu zIghra hI vaha aMgrejI zAsana ke antargata A gayA aura AgarA kamiznarI kA eka jilA banA diyA gyaa| apane isa dIrghakAlIna itihAsa meM mathurA nagara yadyapi kabhI bhI pUre deza yA pUre uttarApatha kA to prazna hI kyA, kisI bar3e rAjya kI bhI rAjadhAnI nahIM rahA, tathApi vaha prAyaH sadaiva eka sarvaprasiddha, sAmAnyataH samRddha evaM darzanIya nagara banA rahA / isake kaI kAraNa rahe-eka to yaha nagara bhArata ke eka prAcIna evaM pradhAna rAjapatha tathA uttarApatha kI eka pramukha nadI ke kinAre sthita hai, jalavAyu svAsthyakara hai aura Asa-pAsa kA pradeza upajAU evaM dhana-dhAnya bahula hai / bar3I-bar3I rAjadhAniyoM se dUra rahane ke kAraNa rAjanItika krAntiyoM, uthala-puthala evaM yuddhAdi ke pratyakSa prabhAvoM se bhI bacA rahA / ati prAcIna kAla se hI yUnAnI, zaka, palava, kuSANa, hUNa Adi videzI jAtiyoM ke yahAM Ate rahane, zAsana karate rahane tathA basate rahane se yaha bhAratIyoM evaM videziyoM kA eka acchA milana sthala rahA, ata: yahAM dezI aura videzI vibhinna saMskRtiyoM kA AdAna-pradAna evaM sammizraNa bhI haa| isakA phala yaha huA ki mathurA kA vyApAra evaM vyavasAya prAcIna kAla meM sadaiva bar3hA-car3hA rahA, aura sAtha hI vaha eka navIna kalA zailI ke, vizeSakara mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM, vikAsa kA bhI pradhAna kendra bana gayA / Asa-pAsa meM lAla balue patthara kI bahulatA bhI yahAM isa kalA ke protsAhana meM bar3I sahAyaka huii| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke samparka evaM sammizraNa se isa nagara meM vicAra svAtantrya evaM udAra sahiSNutA kA bhI saMcAra rahA / kucha prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM isa nagara ko 'pAkhaNDigarbha' kahA hai aura isa vizeSatA kA hetu yaha batAyA hai ki isa nagara meM aneka vibhinna dharma-dharmAntaroM ke sAdhu, tapasvI evaM vidvAna bahulatA ke sAtha pAye jAte the / __vastutaH mathurApurI jaina, bauddha evaM hindU tInoM hI pradhAna bhAratIya dharmoM aura unakI saMskRtiyoM kA sukhada milana sthala zatAbdiyoM hI nahIM sahastrAbdiyoM paryanta banI rhii| jainadharma ke sAtha to isa nagara kA atyanta prAcIna kAla se lekara prAyaH vartamAna paryanta ghaniSTha sambandha banA rahA hai, aura usake prasiddha dharmatIrthoM meM usakI gaNanA hai| sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI I0 pUrva se lekara mugala zAsanakAla paryanta, lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa taka mathurA meM jainadharma unnata avasthA meM rahA aura yaha nagara jainoM kA eka pramukha sAMskRtika kendra banA rhaa| isake bIca bhI, zaMgakAla (dUsarI zatI I0pU0) se lekara guptakAla (6ThIM zatI I0) paryanta to jainI mathurA kA caramotkarSa rahA hai / jaina purANoM, caritra graMthoM, Agamika sAhitya, kathA-koSoM evaM AkhyAyikAoM Adi meM mathurA ke anaginata ullekha milate haiM aura usakI gaNanA prAcIna, prasiddha evaM pramukha tIrthoM meM kI jAtI hai| katipaya jaina anazratiyoM ke anusAra sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kA isa nagara meM padArpaNa huA thA aura usa samaya unakI pUjA ke lie yakSAdi devoM ne rAtoMrAta svarNa ke eka vizAla ratnajaTita stUpa kI yahAM sthApanA kI thii| supArzva ke uparAnta anya kaI tIrthaMkaroM kA bhI zubhAgamana isa nagara meM huA aura teisameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha (877-777 I010) kA bhI samavasaraNa yahAM AyA thA tathA usa sthAna para kalpadruma kI sthApanA kI gayI thii| pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM uparyakta devanirmita stUpa ko IToM se AcchAdita kara diyA gayA thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki
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________________ tatkAlIna rAjA ke hRdaya meM stUpa meM lage svarNa evaM ratnoM ko hastagata karane kI durbhAvanA utpanna ho gayI thii| gata zatAbdI meM mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI meM isa prAcIna jaina stUpa ke bhagnAvazeSa prakAza meM Aye / vahIM se prApta I0 san ke prArambhikakAla ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM isa stUpa ke lie 'devanirmita' vizeSaNa prayukta hai| purAtatvajJo kA anumAna hai ki yaha stUpa lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM banA hogA, aura na kevala mathurA kA yaha devanirmita jaina stUpa sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM upalabdha jainoM evaM bauddhoM ke samasta stUpoM meM sarvaprAcIna hai, varan itihAsa-kAlIna bhArata kA sarvaprAcIna upalabdha sthApatya bhI hai| antima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra (599-527 I0 pU0) kA bhI isa nagara meM padArpaNa huA thaa| mathurA kA tatkAlIna rAjA udayAditya athavA bhIdAma unakA parama bhakta thA, aura usake aneka prajAjana unake anuyAyI the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uparAnta antima kevalI jambUsvAmI ne, jinakA ki nirvANa 465 I0 pU0 meM huA thA, mathurA ke caurAsI kSetra para cirakAla tapasyA kI thii| eka anuzruti ke anusAra to jambUsvAmI kA nirvANa bhI isI sthAna se huA thA aura isI kAraNa mathurA kI gaNanA jaina paramparA ke siddhakSetroM meM bhI kI jAtI hai| isI sthAna para jambUsvAmI ne aJjana cora nAmaka dasyurAja ko usake pAMca sau sAthiyoM sahita apane tapa teja se prabhAvita karake apanA anuyAyI banAyA thaa| ina dasyuoM ne apane dasyukarma kA parityAga karake muni dIkSA lI aura usI vana meM ghora tapasyA karake sadgati prApta kii| ina muniyoM kI smRti meM ukta sthAna para 500 stUpa nirmANa kiye gaye the / bhinna-bhinna anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra mathurA meM prAcIna devanirmita stUpa ke atirikta 500,501 yA 514 jaina stupa aura vidyamAna the / ina stUpoM ke 16vIM zatAbdI I. taka vidyamAna rahane aura usa samaya mugala samrATa akabara ke eka kRpApAtra musAhiba, bhaTAniyA kola nivAsI evaM agravAla vaMzI jaina seTha sAhU ToDara dvArA unake jIrNoddhAra evaM pratiSThA karAne ke ullekha tatkAlIna pAMDe rAjamalla ke saMskRta jambUcaritra evaM pAMDe jinadAsa ke hindI jambUsvAmI caritra meM prApta hote haiM / usake pUrva bhI do eka bAra ina stUpoM ke jIrNoddhAra kiye jAne ke aitihAsika pramANa milate haiN| kahA jAtA haiM ki jainoM ke prAcIna devanirmita stUpa para bauddhoM ne bhI kucha samaya ke lie adhikAra kara liyA thA aura brAhmaNoM evaM viSNu, sUrya Adi ke upAsakoM ne bhI stUpa para apanA dAvA jatAyA thaa| kAphI samaya taka yaha vAda-vivAda claa| isa vivAda kI sUcanA pAkara dakSiNa Adi sudUra dezoM se bhI prabhAvazAlI jainI matharA Aye / mathurA kA tatkAlIna rAjA nyAyaparAyaNa thA aura usane jainoM ke pakSa meM hI nirNaya diyaa| stupa para jainoM kA punaH adhikAra ho gyaa| isa ghaTanA ke ullekha hariSeNa ke vRhatkathAkoSa (959 I0) tathA jina prabhasUri ke vividha tIrthakalpa (14vIM zatI) ke antargata mathurApurIkalpa meM milate haiM / isa ghaTanA kA eka suphala yaha huA ki usake uparAnta mathurA ke janasaMgha kI zakti uttarottara bar3hatI gayI / uparokta ghaTanA sambhavatayA azoka ke samaya (3rI zatI I0pU0) kI hai| ___ jaina sAhitya meM prAcIna mathurA ke prasiddha bAraha banoM, vahAM ke devanirmita stUpa, kalpadruma, ambikA kA mandira Adi vibhinna jaina dharmAyatanoM, bhaMDIra yakSa kI yAtrA, kaumudI mahotsava, paTa mahotsava Adi utsavoM, vastra vyavasAya, mUrti nirmANa kalA, Adi ke aneka ullekha pAye jAte haiN| isa jainI mathurA aura usake saMgha kA caramotkarSa kAla uttaramaurya kAla se lekara guptakAla ke anta paryanta, lagabhaga sAta ATha-sau varSa taka rahA / isameM bhI zuMga-zaka-kuSANa kAla ( lagabhaga 150 I0 pU0-200 I0 ) meM vaha apanI unnati ke carama zikhara para thaa| mathurA ke yavana, zaka, kuSANa Adi vaMzoM ke tatkAlIna nareza jainadharma / kAla ( lagabhaga 150 60 50-20060
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________________ 54 ] ke prati atyanta udAra evaM sahiSNu rahe aura mathurA evaM usake AsapAsa basane vAlI vibhinna jAtiyoM, vargoM evaM vyavasAyoM ke anaginata strI puruSa usake utsAhI anuyAyI bne| mathurA aura usake AsapAsa se prApta anaginata tatkAlIna jaina kalAkRtiyAM evaM saikar3oM zilAlekha isa bAta ko bhalI bhAMti pramANita kara dete haiM ki usa kAla ke mathurA ke jaina guru na kevala saMghabheda ke virodhI tathA samanvaya evaM mela ke sakriya samarthaka the varan ve atyanta udAracetA evaM pragatizIla bhI the| mathurA janasaMgha kI isa udArAzayatA evaM pragatizIlatA kA jvalanta udAharaNa vaha mahAna sarasvatI AMdolana ' hai jisane tatkAlIna jaina saMsAra meM bhArI krAnti macA dI thii| unhoMne avaziSTa AgamajJAna ke saMkalana evaM lipibaddha karane aura jaina sAdhuoM meM likhane kI pravatti kA pracAra karane ke lie eka vyavasthita Andolana calA diyA thA / unhoMne pustakadhAriNI sarasvatI devI kI pratimAe~ nirmANa karAkara pratiSThita kI aura jJAna kI usa devI ko apane Andolana kI adhiSThAtrI bnaayaa| pustaka sAhitya virodhI jaina sAdhuoM ke lie svayaM vAgdevI sarasvatI kA prastakina eka cunautI thaa| mathurA ke jaina sAdhu hI isa Andolana ke puraskartA, pravartaka evaM Adya netA the| mUrtiyoM, smArakoM evaM anya dhAmika kalAkRtiyoM para zilAlekha aMkita karAnA prArambha karake unhoMne isa Andolana ko sakriya rUpa diyaa| mathurA ke jaina guruoM ne jainadharma ko na kevala varNa, jAti, liMga Adi ke bhedabhAvoM se unmukta rakhA aura brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, vibhinna vyavasAyoM ko karane vAle ucca jAtIya, nIca jAtIya, vividha vargIya, dezIvidezI, strI-puruSa, sabhI ko samAna adhikAroM ke sAtha svadharma meM dIkSita kiyA, varana apanI dharmAzrita kalA ko bhI vividha prakAroM evaM rUpoM meM atyanta udAratA evaM manasvitA ke sAtha vikasita kiyA / bhAratavarSa meM lekhana pravRtti ko lokapriya evaM janatA kI cIja banAne vAle sarvaprathama loga sambhavatayA isa kAla ke mathurA ke jaina sAdhu hI the| aura isa kAla kI mathurA meM hI sarvaprathama eka sugaThita jaina sAdhu saMgha ke sAtha-sAtha eka suvyavasthita evaM vizAla jona sAdhvI saMgha ke bhI darzana hote haiN| 3rI zatAbdI I0 meM mathurA meM kuSANa zakti kA parAbhava prArambha ho gayA aura samasta uttarApatha meM zanaiH zanaiH nAga rAjyoM kA jAla phaila gayA / ye nAgarAjya gaNasaMgha praNAlI para vyavasthita hue| nAgoM ke uttarAdhikArI vakATaka hue aura tadantara cauthI zatI I0 ke antima pAda taka samasta uttarApatha gupta sAmrAjya kI chatracchAyA meM A gayA / ina nAga, vakATaka evaM gupta vaMzoM ke prAyaH sabhI nareza sarvadharma sahiSNu the / mathurA kA janasaMgha unake zAsanakAloM meM sukhapUrvaka phalatA phUlatA rahA, kintu usakA madhyAnha vyatIta ho cukA thA, pahile jaisA teja aura prabhAva, saMkhyA aura zakti aba na raha gayI thI-unameM dhIre-dhIre hrAsa hotA calA gyaa| san IsvI kI 8vI-9vIM zatAbdI meM gurjara pratihAra nareza AmarAja ke guru bappa bhaTTisUri ne mathurA ke aneka prAcIna dharmAyatanoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA batAyA jAtA hai / usI kAla meM eka dakSiNAcArya ne vahAM mAthura saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| AmarAja kA pautra prasiddha bhojarAja bhI jainadharma kA bhArI prazrayadAtA thaa| isa prakAra uttara-guptakAla meM athavA kannauja sAmrAjya kAla meM matharA meM jaina dharma acchI dazA meM to rahA kintu isI kAla meM (9vIM-10vIM zatI I0) meM vahAM sarvaprathama digambara-zvetAmbara bheda bhI utpanna ho gyaa| donoM hI sampradAyoM ne alaga-alaga katipaya prAcIna dharmAyatanoM para bhI apanA-apanA adhikAra kara liyA aura apane navIna bhandira bhI pRthaka-pRthaka banAne prArambha kara diye tathA 11vIM12vIM zatAbdI meM mUrtiyAM bhI pRthaka-pRthaka banAnI prArambha kara dii| tathApi 13vIM zatI I0 taka mathurA kA jaina kSetra, jisakA pradhAna kendra kaMkAlI TIle (devanirmita stUpa kI sthiti) se lekara caurAsI paryanta thA, samunnata evaM surakSita dazA meM rhaa| isa kAla ke aneka pratimAlekha isa
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________________ kha-6 [ 55 tathya ke sAkSI haiM / unase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki mahamUda gajanavI kI mathurA kI bhayaMkara lUTa (1018 I0) evaM mandira-mUti-vidhvaMsa se mathurA kA yaha jainakendra aura usake dharmAyatana surakSita bace rhe| isa tathya para hatihAsajJoM ko nirantara Azcarya hotA hai / terahavIM zatAbdI se hI uttara bhArata meM musalamAnI zAsana sthApita ho gayA aura sampUrNa madhyakAla meM mathurA kI sthiti prAyaH karake eka dharmatIrtha kI hI rhii| dakSiNa, pUrva pazcima tathA anya pradezoM se mathurA kI yAtrA ke lie Ane vAle jaina vidvAnoM, sAdhuoM evaM gRhasthoM ke ullekha 13vIM se lekara 19vIM zatAbdI paryanta anekoM milate haiM / 18vIM zatAbdI meM bharatapura ke jATa nareza hIrAsiMha ke prazraya meM pallIvAla vaMzI caudharI jodharAja ne bhaTTAraka mahAnandasAgara dvArA mathurA meM mandira evaM mUrti pratiSThA karAI thii| 19vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM caurAsI kSetra kA vartamAna mandira prAcIna mandira ke bhagnAvazeSoM ke Upara nirmita kiyA gayA thA / isI zatAbdI meM mathurA ke prasiddha jaina seTha raghunAtha dAsa aura unake suputra rAjA lakSamaNadAsa mathurA ke hI nahIM, akhila bhAratavarSIya jaina samAja ke stambha the| rAjA lakSmaNadAsa bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA ke saMsthApakoM meM se bhI eka the / gata zatAbdI meM hI mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI yugAntarakArI khudAI rAjakIya purAtatva vibhAga kI ora se kI gayI, jisake phalasvarUpa prAcIna jaina nagarI mathurA kA naibhava prakAza meM AyA aura isa nagara ke sAtha hI sAtha jainadharma evaM bhAratavarSa ke bhI prAcIna itihAsa ke nirmANa meM parama sahAyaka huaa| vartamAna zatAbdI meM caurAsI kSetra para RSabha-brahmacaryAzrama sthApita huA aura tadanantara usI ke nikaTa akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara janasaMgha kA bhavana banA evaM kAryAlaya sthApita huaa| saMgha kA mukhapana jainasandeza aura usakA zodhAMka bhI isI sthAna se nikalate haiN| caurAsI kSetra para prativarSa kArtika mAsa meM melA hotA hai| [vizeSa vistRta jAnakArI ke lie dekheM hamAre lekha-mathurA (jai0 si0 bhAskara, bhA0 22, ki0 2, pR0 23-32); mathurA meM jainadharma kA udaya aura vikAsa (brajabhAratI, va 25, aM0 2, pR0 2-23); jainasAhitya meM mathurA (anekAMta, jUna 1962, pR0 65-67); mathurA kA jaina purAtatva evaM zilAlekha (zodhAMka 19, pR0 296301): mathurA kI jainakalA (zodhAMka 20, pR0 338-340); mathurA ke jaina zilAlekha (zodhAMka 21, pR0 2-10); mathurA ke prAcIna jaina muniyoM kI saMgha vyavasthA (zodhAMka 23, pR0 72-83), ityAdi / ] (gha) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vihAra sthala harivaMzakAra AcArya jinasena ne jina deza-pradezoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vihAra haA batAyA hai, unameM se kAzi (banArasa kamiznarI), kauzala (avadha prAnta), vatsa (ilAhAbAda kamiznarI), zaurasena aura kuzAta (AgarA kamiznarI-brajamaMDala evaM bhadAvara prAnta), pAMcAla (rUhelakhaMDa evaM gaMgApAra ke pharrukhAbAda Adi jile), kurujAMgala (meraTha kamiznarI), vartamAna uttara pradeza ke hI vibhinnabhUbhAga the| vartamAna bundelakhaMDa ke jiloM meM bhI unakA vihAra huA lagatA hai| isa prakAra prAya: sampUrNa uttara pradeza meM vaha vicare the| prasiddha nagariyoM evaM sthAnoM meM, vArANasI, zrAvasti, kauzAmbI, kAkaMdI, sAketa (ayodhyA), prayAga (purimatAla), mathurA, hastinApura Adi meM vaha vicare the| anya sthAnoM meM seyaMviyA (zvetAmbikA) kI pahacAna zrAvastI ke nikaTastha sItAmar3hI se kI jAtI hai, kayaMgalA bhI zrAvastI ke nikaTa sthita thaa| haliGga uttara-pUrvI uttara pradeza meM koliyoM kI rAjadhAnI rAmagAma ke nikaTa thaa| vedazAstrI paMDitoM kA nivAsa sthAna naMgalA kozala deza (avadha) meM sthita thA, AlabhikA kI pahacAna unnAva jile ke navalagAMva se athavA iTAvA jile ke eravA nAmaka sthAna se kI jAtI hai| visAkhA kI pahavAna kucha vidvAna uttara pradeza kI vartamAna rAjadhAnI lakhanaU se karate haiN| uttara vAcAlA se uttara pAMcAla aura usakI rAjadhAnI ahicchatA kA, dakSiNa vAcAlA se dakSiNa pAMcAla aura usakI
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________________ rAjadhAnI kAmpilya kA tathA kanakhala Azramapada se haridvAra ke nikaTastha kaMkhala se abhiprAya ho sakatA hai| podanapura yA pottanapura kI pahacAna ilAhAbAda jile meM gaMgApAra sthita vartamAna jhasI se kI jAtI hai, jisakA prAcIna nAma supratiSThAna yA pratiSThAnapura bhI thA-RSabhaputra bAhubali kA podanapura bhI saMbhavatayA yahI thA, aura bha0 mahAvIra kA yahA~ samavasaraNa AyA thaa| anya aneka jaina purANa kathAoM ke sAtha isa nagara kA sambandha hai| (ca) atizayakSetra evaM kalAdhAma isa varga meM aise sthAna sammilita haiM jahA~ se prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna vipula jaina purAtattva evaM kalAkRtiyA~ prApta huI, athavA jo kisI pratimA, mandira yA camatkArI atizaya ke kAraNa tIrtharUpa meM prasiddha ho gye| mathurA prabhRti jina kalAdhAmoM kA paricaya pIche diyA jA cukA hai, unheM isa varga meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| devagar3ha devagar3ha cirakAla paryanta jainoM kA eka prasiddha sAMskRtika kendra rahA hai| vartamAna meM isa nAma kA eka choTA sA gA~va lalitapura jile meM betavA nadI ke kala para, pahAr3iyoM ke antima chora para ghane jaMgala ke bIca basA huA hai, jo dehalI se bambaI jAne vAlI relave ke lalitapura sTezana se 19 mIla tathA jAkhalauna sTezana se lagabhaga 8 mIla dakSiNa-pazcimottara sthita hai| jaMgala meM yatra-tatra bikharI haI anaginata prAcIna khaNDita mUrtiyA~ evaM bhavanoM ke prastara khaNDa kalpanAzIla yAtriyoM ko isa pradeza ke atIta gaurava kI mUka gAthA sunAte haiN| devagar3ha kA prAcIna catuSkoNa durga gA~va ke nikaTa hI eka golAkAra pahAr3a para banA huA hai| parvata ke Upara pahuMcane para eka bhagna toraNa dvAra milatA hai jo parvata kI paridhi ko AvRtta karane vAle durgakoTa kA pramukha dvAra pratIta hotA hai| ise kuMjadvAra bhI kahate haiN| isakI kArIgarI darzanIya hai| isa dvAra ko pAra karane para eka ke bAda eka do jIrNa koTa aura milate haiN| inhIM donoM koToM ke bhItara adhikAMza jainamandira avasthita haiN| ina kalApUrNa prAcIna devAlayoM ke kAraNa hI devagar3ha kI itanI prasiddhi hai| devagar3ha jisa sthAna meM sthita hai vaha bhUbhAga prAkRtika zobhA kI dRSTi se atyanta manorama evaM apratima hai| durga ko tIna ora se AvRtta karatI huI betavA ne vindhyaparvatazreNI ko kATakara yahA~ kucha eka atyanta cittAkarSaka dRzya nirmANa kiye haiN| dakSiNa dizA meM devagar3ha durga kI sIr3hiyAM nadI ke jala ko sparza karatI haiN| isI ora deva mUrtiyoM evaM anya kalAkRtiyoM se yukta katipaya guhA mandiroM ko apane aMkoM meM lie hue nAharaghATI evaM rAjaghATI sthita haiN| vailahAusa, phargyusana, barajesa Adi kalAmarmajJoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA hai ki apane tIrtha sthAna evaM sAMskRtika kendra sthApita karane ke lie prAkRtika saundarya se pUrNa sthaloM ke cunane meM jainIjana sadaiva bejor3a rahe haiN| devagar3ha isa tathya ko bhalI prakAra caritArtha karatA hai| prakRti kI suSamApUrNa goda meM suSupta devagar3ha kA vaibhava Aja bhI apanI prAkRtika evaM kalAtmaka dvividha saundarya rAzi se darzakoM kI saundaryAnubhUti ke lie anupama preraka banA huA hai| isa sthAna ke bhagnAvazeSoM ko dekhakara isameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM rahatA ki kisI samaya cirakAla paryanta vaha eka sundara sudRr3ha durga se yukta bharApUrA vizAla ramaNIka nagara evaM dharma aura saMskRti kA mahatvapUrNa kendra rahA hogA / devagar3ha ke avazeSa Aja bhI prAcIna bhAratIya kalA aura usake vikAsa ke adhyayana ke lie pracura sAmagrI pradAna karate haiN|
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________________ mummomesnews momosome motion 20-kalApUrNa zikharayuta bar3A zAntinAtha jinAlaya, devagar3ha
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________________ SExcera Rameemiewerest 21-mandira naM012kA bhabya addha maNDapa, devagar3ha
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________________ 22-rocaka dRzyAMkanoM se yukta mandira naM0 12 ke pradakSiNApatha ke dvAra kA dAyAM pakSa, devagar3ha
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________________ NICICE S 23-sahasrakUTa caitya, devagar3ha
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________________ 24-kalApUrNa mAnastambha-zaurSa, devagar3ha
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________________ 25-mAnastambha naM. 11 kA alaMkRta zIrSa, devagar3ha
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________________ 26-kalpavRkSa ke nIce yugaliyA, devagar3ha
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________________ 27-dharaNendra-padmAvatI, devagar3ha
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________________ 20 bIsa bhujA patrezvarI devI, devagar3ha
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________________ us 29- zucismitA devagaDha
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________________ 30-kAyotsarga tIrthaGkara, devagar3ha
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________________ 31-bhagavAna bAhubali, devagar3ha
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________________ 32-bha0 candranAtha paMca-tIrthI, devagar3ha
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________________ 33-bha0 RSabhadeva-tritIrthI, devagar3ha
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________________ gupta narezoM ke kAla se devagar3ha kA vAstavika abhyudaya prArambha huaa| usa samaya yaha eka prasiddha rAjamArga para sthita thA aura gupta sAmrAjya kA eka pramukha janapada thA-saMbhavatayA tatpradezIya bhukti kA kendrIya sthAna thaa| guptakAla ke kaI jaina evaM vaiSNava devAlaya, mUrtiyA~ tathA bhavanoM ke avazeSa yahA~ prApta haiN| 8vIM se 10vIM za kannauja ke gurjarapratihAroM kA devamar3ha para prabhutva rahA aura yaha nagara eka mahatvapUrNa prAntIya kendra evaM eka mahAsAmanta kI rAjadhAnI thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki guptoM aura gurjara pratihAroM ke madhya kI zatAbdiyoM meM isa sthAna para kisI rAjyavaMza yA uparAjyavaMza kA zAsana rahA, unhoMne hI isa suramya parvata para yaha sundara sudRr3ha trikUTa durga nirmANa karAyA aura use aneka jaina devAlayoM evaM kalAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta kiyaa| parvata ke Upara aura durgakoTa ke bhItara anya kisI dharma ke yA usake devAlayoM Adi ke avazeSa nahIM milte| isake viparIta, 9vIM zatI I. ke eka zilAlekha se siddha hotA hai ki usake pUrva bhI yaha durga aura usake bhItara kaI pramukha jina mandira vidyamAna the| eka vidvAna kA anumAna hai ki 8vIM-9vIM zatI I0 meM yahA~ kisI 'devavaMza' kA zAsana rahA hai| gurjara pratihAroM ke uparAnta jejAkabhukti ke candela narezoM kA isa sthAna para adhikAra rhaa| unake rAjya kI yaha eka uparAjadhAnI hI thii| unake zAsana meM devagar3ha ke dhArmika evaM kalA vaibhava kI abhivRddhi hI huii| yahAM ke adhikAMza mahatvapUrNa avazeSa caMdelakAla ke hI haiN| muslima kAla meM yaha sthAna pramukha rAjapatha se dUra par3a gayA aura dhIre-dhIre ghane vana se veSTita hone lagA, phalasvarUpa unakI kudRSTi devagar3ha ke devAlayoM para na par3a pAI aura vidhvaMsa kiye jAne se unakI rakSA ho gyii| phira bhI 19vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMmbha taka devagar3ha kA durga eka sudRr3ha evaM surakSita durga thaa| san 1811 I0 meM jaba siMdhiyA kI ora se usake senApati karnala philoja ne bundeloM se devagar3ha ko chInanA cAhA to vaha lagAtAra tIna dina taka yuddha karane ke uparAnta hI usa para adhikAra kara pAyA thaa| devagar3ha kA prAcIna nAma luacchagiri thaa| candela nareza kIrtivarmana (11vIM zatI kA anta) ke mantrI vatsarAja ne isa sthAna para eka navIna durga nirmANa karAke, athavA prAcIna durga kA hI jIrNodvAra karAkara isakA nAma kIrtigiri rakkhA thaa| san 862 I0 kA zilAlekha jisa jaina stambha para maMkita hai usake pratiSThApaka AcArya kamaladeva ke ziSya AcArya zrIdeva the| saMbhava hai ve devasaMgha ke AcArya hoM aura isa sthAna para apanI bhaTTArakIya gaddI sthApita kI ho tathA yahAM ke prasiddha dharmAcArya rahe hoM, unake apane yA unake saMgha ke nAma se yaha durga devagar3ha kahalAne lagA ho / isa pradeza meM pracalita eka janazruti bhI hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kisIsamaya devapata aura kSemapata nAma ke do jaina bhrAtA isa nagara meM rahate the| devakRpA se unheM pArasa patharI prApta ho gaI, jisake prabhAva se ve vipula dhana aizvarya ke svAmI bana gaye / usa dhana kA sadupayoga unhoMne isa sthAna para aneka bhavya jinAyatanoM kA nirmANa karAne tathA durga evaM nagara kA saundarya tathA vaibhava bar3hAne meM kiyaa| tatkAlIna rAjA ne una para AkramaNa karake vaha patharI unase barabasa chInanA cAhI, kintu devapata ne usa patharI ko isake pUrva hI betavA ke gambhIra jala meM visarjita kara diyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki ukta devapata ke kAraNa hI yaha sthAna devagar3ha khlaayaa| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki anaginata devamUrtiyoM evaM devAyatanoM ke kAraNa hI usakA devagar3ha nAma prasiddha huaa| kama se kama jainoM kI dRSTi meM to apane bahasaMkhyaka prAcIna devamaMdiroM evaM deva pratimAoM ke kAraNa vaha eka saccA devagar3ha banA calA AyA hai aura kisI tIrthaMkara kI kalyANaka bhUmi na hote hue bhI eka pavitra dharmatIrtha ke rUpa meM darzanIya evaM vandanIya rahatA AyA hai| isake sAtha kaI atizaya yA camatkAra bhI jur3a gaye haiN| devagar3ha ke purAtatvAvazeSoM meM se adhikAMza jaina mandiroM, mUrtiyoM aura bhavanoM ke hI bhagna-abhagna avazeSa haiM, aura unameM se bhI adhikAMza usake kendrIya sthAna durgakoTa ke bhItara hI haiN| ina meM kucha bahata choTe-choTe dharmAyatanoM ko chor3akara zeSa lagabhaga 30-31 bhavya jinamandiroM ke spaSTa cinha milate haiM, aura inameM bhI lagabhaga 16-17 bahuta kucha
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________________ 58 ] acchI hAlata meM haiN| ina mandiroM meM se adhikAMza 8vIM se 12vIM zatAbdA ke madhya bane pratIta hote haiM, jabaki kaI mandira 15vIM se 18vIM zatI ke madhya bhI nirmita hue haiN| dUsare koTa ke bhItara kevala do mandira haiM jinameM se eka to solaha staMbhoM para AdhArita sundara maMDapa se yukta vizAla evaM bhavya jinAlaya kA khaMDahara hai| maMDapa ke avaziSTAMza meM pUrvAbhimukha padmAsana evaM khaDgAsana jina mUrtiyAM, camara vAhaka, yakSa-yakSI, puSpavRSTi Adi vividha lakSaNoM se yukta do paMktiyoM meM utkIrNa haiN| maMDapa kI bAharI dIvAra meM bhI kaI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, unake sAmane hI eka choTA sA mAnastaMbha banA huA hai| kucha choTI-choTI mUrtiyAM mandira ke sAmane bhI virAjamAna haiN| dUsarA mandira adhika jIrNa zIrNa dazA meM hai, isameM bhI kalApUrNa padmAsana evaM khaDgAsana mUrtiyAM vidyamAna haiN| isa mandira ke bAhira dakSiNa kI ora khaMDita mUrtiyoM kA eka Dhera lagA huA hai| inake atirikta zeSa samasta mandira tIsare koTa ke bhItara haiN| tIsare koTa ke mandiroM meM sarvAdhika vizAla evaM mahatvapUrNa mandira 16meM tIrthaMkara bha0 zAntinAtha kA hai| mandira ke garbhagRha meM bha0 zAntinAtha kI 12 phuTa 3 iMca kI khaDgAsana pratimA atyanta cittAkarSaka hai| zAntinAtha hI devagar3ha ke adhiSThAtA deva pratIta hote haiM, yaha pratimA bhI paryApta prAcIna hai| garbhagRha ke Age lagabhaga 42 phuTa lambA caur3A vargAkAra maNDapa hai jo cha:-chaH stambhoM kI chaH paMktiyoM para AdhArita hai| maNDapa ke madhya eka vizAla bedikA para kaI mUrtiyAM virAjamAna haiM jinameM se eka bAhubali kI hai / yaha mUrti gommaTezvara bAhubali kI dakSiNAtya mUrtiyoM se kaI aMzoM meM vilakSaNa hai / bAmI, kukkuTasarpa, latA Adi ke atirikta isa mUrti para bicchU, chipakalI Adi anya jantu bhI reMgate hue aMkita kiye gaye haiM aura sAtha hI ina upasargakArI jantuoM Adi kA nivAraNa karate hue deva yugala kA dRzya bhI aMkita hai / mandira ke sAmane 16-17 phuTa kI dUrI para cAra sundara khambhoM para AdhArita eka anya bhavya maMDapa hai| inhIM stambhoM meM se eka para san 862 I0 kA gurjara pratihAra samrATa bhojadeva ke samaya kA prasiddha lekha utkIrNa hai / isa mandira meM tIna anya dasa-dasa phuTa U~cI khaDgAsana pratimAe~ bhI virAjamAna haiM, choTI anya aneka pratimAe~ bhI haiN| isa mandira ke Asa-pAsa anya aneka choTe-bar3e mandira vidyamAna haiN| inameM se lAkhI mandira ke nAma se prasiddha hai / eka anya mandira apane kalApUrNa praveza dvAra ke lie darzanIya haiN| usake nIce kI ora karoM meM jalayAna aura sira para nAga-phaNa dhAraNa kiye hue saMbhavataH gaMgA yamunA kI yugala mUrtiyAM haiN| yahA~ 1008 jina mUrtiyoM se yukta pASANa kA eka sundara sahasrakUTa caityAlaya bhI avasthita hai / eka mandira kI dIvAra para bhagavAna kI mAtA kI pAMca phuTa uttuMga manohara mUrti utkIrNa hai / eka sthAna para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke sira para nAgaphaNa na banAkara usake bagala meM donoM aura vizAlakAya sarpa banA diye haiM, tathA RSabhadeva kI mUrti ke zira para jaTAe~ dikhAI haiM / eka mandira meM caraNa cinha hI haiM / eka dUsare meM tIrthakara mUrtiyoM ke atirikta muni, AryikA Adi kI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / eka mandira ke bAharI barAmade meM virAjamAna caturbhujI sarasvatI kI, SoDaSabhujA garuDa vAhanA cakrezvarI kI, aSTabhujA vRSabhavAhanA jvAlamAlinI kI evaM kamalAsanA padmAvatI kI mUrtiyAM atyanta kalApUrNa evaM cittAkarSaka haiM / inameM se eka para vi0 saM0 1226 utkIrNa hai, saMbhava hai ye cAroM mUrtiyAM eka hI kalAkAra kI kRtiyAM hoN| zAntinAtha ke uparokta bar3e mandira ke maMDapa kI eka dIvAra para bhI 24 zAsana deviyoM meM se 20 kI sUndara mUrtiyAM unake nAma sahita utkIrNa haiM, jo rA0 ba0 dayArAma sAhanI ke matAnusAra uttara bhArata meM prApta yakSi mUrtiyoM meM sarvathA vilakSaNa evaM advitIya haiN| kahIM-kahIM gRhastha zrAvaka zrAvikAoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI pAI jAtI haiN| devagar3ha hI eka sthAna hai jahA~ arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu, pA~coM hI parameSThiyoM hotI haiN| tIrthaMkaroM meM se to caubIsoM hI tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ yahA~ milatI haiN| kaI sthAnoM meM vizeSakara ajitanAtha aura candraprabhu ke ATha-ATha yA cAra-cAra anya jinamUrtiyoM se yukta paTa bhI darzanIya haiM / kahIM-kahIM eka vRkSa ke nIce goda meM eka-eka baccA lie hue dampati yugala kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| zrI dayArAma sAhanI ke matAnusAra ye dRzya 'bhogabhUmi ke haiM, jinameM kalpavRkSa ke nIce tiSThate hue yugaliyA santAna yukta prasanna yugala pradarzita kiye gaye haiN|
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________________ kha - 6 [ 59 devagar3ha ke samasta jaina prastarAGkanoM kA vidhivata adhyayana karane se unameM aneka anubhUtiyoM evaM paurANika AkhyAnoM kA citraNa milane kI saMbhAvanA hai| sabhI mUrtiyAM prastara nirmita haiM yA prastarAGkanoM ke rUpa meM hai / adhikAMza khaDgAsana haiM, jinakI UMcAI doDhAI phuTa se lekara bAraha phuTa taka haiN| mUrtiyoM ke kezoM kI banAvaTa bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI hai / arahantoM evaM muniyoM kI digambara pratimAoM ke atirikta sarAgI devI-devatAoM evaM gRhastha strI-puruSoM kI bhAvabhaMgI, paridhAna, alaGkaraNa Adi ke citraNa meM kalAkAra ne kamAla kiyA hai| aneka jaina sAMskRtika evaM AdhyAtmika pratIka yatra-tatva utkIrNa milate haiM aura loka jIvana ke dRzya bhI upalabdha haiN| isa prakAra devagar3ha kA rUpa zilpa na kevala dhArmika evaM kalAtmaka dRSTi se hI varana sAMskRtika evaM aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| devagar3ha ke mandiroM kA nirmANa uttara bhArata meM vikasita nAgara zailI meM huA hai, jise paMcaratna zailI bhI kahate haiM | zAntinAtha Adi maMdiroM ke zikhara atyanta sundara haiN| sabhI mandira prastara nirmita haiM aura unakA kaTAva evaM kArIgarI darzanIya hai| mandiroM ke garbhagRha prAyaH andhakAramaya haiM aura unake dvAra bahuta choTe-choTe haiM kintu garbhagRhoM ke Age ke sabhA maMDapa khule aura vizAla haiM jina stambhoM para ve AdhArita haiM unakI tathA chatoM evaM dIvAroM kI kArIgarI aura unapara utkIrNa mUrta dRzya evaM alaMkaraNa cittAkarSaka haiN| mandiroM ke toraNadvAra bhI sundara evaM kalApUrNa haiN| caraNa cinhoM se yukta zikharabaMda khulI chatariyAM bhI haiM aura jinamUrtiyoM evaM maMgala pratIkoM se alaMkRta kaI sundara uttuMga mAnastambha bhI haiN| svayaM durgakoTa, usakA toraNadvAra ghATa aura sIr3hiyAM, vizAla pASANa meM kATakara banAI bAvar3I Adi bhI prAcIna sthApatya ke acche namUne haiM / vastutaH uparokta nAgara zailI ke sthApatya kA vikAsa guptakAla se aura vaha bhI mukhyatayA devagar3ha ke jinAyatanoM dvArA hI prArambha huA pratIta hotA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki devagar3ha aura usake uparAnta khajurAhoM, canderI, ajayagar3ha, mahobA, ahAra, papaurA Adi ke prAcIna jaina mandira prAgmuslima kAlIna sampUrNa bhAratIya kalA kA saphala pratinidhitva karate haiN| gupta gurjara-pratihAra aura candela vaMzoM ke sahiSNu narezoM ke Azraya meM uttara bhArata kI dharmAdhita kalA, vizeSakara jainoM ke prayatna se khUba phalI phUlI / / zilAlekhIya sAmagrI kI bhI devagar3ha meM pracuratA hai / uttara bhAratIya purAtatva vibhAga kI san 1918 I0 kI vArSika riporTa meM isa sthAna se prApta lagabhaga 200 zilAlekhoM kI sUcanA dI huI thI usake bAda bhI eka sau anya lekha mile haiM / phira bhI devagar3ha meM tathA usake AsapAsa jaMgala meM yatra-tatra bikharI huI khaMDita akhaMDita aneka jaina pratimAoM para utkIrNa sabhI lekhoM kA abhI taka saMgraha aura sUcanA nahIM ho pAI hai| riporTa meM sUcita lekhoM meM se lagabhaga Der3ha sau lekha aitihAsika mahatva ke haiM, kucha eka to atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| lagabhaga sATha lekha aise haiM jinameM unake aMkita kiye jAne kI tithi kA bhI ullekha hai / ye lekha prAyaH vi0 saM0 919 se 1876 paryanta ke haiM / ye zilAlekha na kevala devagar3ha ke tatkAlIna jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke dhArmika jIvana, sAmAjika saMgaThana tathA tatsambandhI rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa para vikAsa kA adhyayana karane ke lie bhI ye / itihAsa jJAna ke lie hI upayogI hai, varan bhAratavarSa ke sAmAnya bhI puSkala prakAza DAlate haiN| sAtha hI nAgarI akSaroM evaM lipi ke kramika atyadhika upayogI haiN| bhojadeva ke samaya ke stambha lekha ke anusAra ukta samrATa ke paMcamahAzabdaprApta mahAsAmanta zrI viSNurAma ke zAsana meM AcArya kamaladeva ke ziSya AcArya zrIdeva ne isa luacchagiri ke pracIna zAntyAyatana ( zAntinAtha ke mandira) ke nikaTa goSThika bAjuA gAgA dvArA mAnastambha nirmANa karAkara vi0 saM0 919 zakakAla 784 kI Azvina zukla caturdazI vRhaspativAra ko uttarAbhAdrapada nakSatra meM pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| apane aitihAsika evaM dhArmika
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________________ 60 ] mahatva ke atirikta san 862 I0 ke isa abhilekha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM vikrama evaM zaka donoM hI saMvatoM ke eka sAtha ullekha kA prAyaH sarva prAcIna udAharaNa milatA hai| eka vicinna zi0 le. 18 lipiyoM meM jAtA hai ki Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI patnI brAhmI ne ukta aThAraha lipiyoM kA sarva prathama AviSkAra kiyA thaa| isI mandira ke nikaTa eka anya jaina mandira meM 11vIM-12vIM zatI kI lipi meM eka lekha hai jisameM eka dAnazAlA ke vanAye jAne kA varNana hai| ina jaina zilAlekhoM meM vibhinna jainAcAryoM, sAdhviyoM, vidvAnoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM, rAjA mahArAjAoM Adi ke nAma Aye haiN| isa prakAra apane AkarSaka prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa evaM asaMkhya apratima kalAkRtiyoM, aitihAsika zilAlekhoM, Adi ke lie devagar3ha sAmAnya darzakoM, kalApremiyoM, purAtatvajJoM, itihAsa ke vidyArthiyoM tathA dhArmika janasAdhAraNa, sabhI ke lie eka darzanIya evaM adhyayanIya sthala hai| prAcIna bhArata kA vaibhava devagar3ha Aja bhI bhAratIya rASTa kA gaurava hai| devagar3ha meM yAtriyoM kI suvidhA ke lie parvata se nIce vanya vibhAga kA eka DAka baMgalA aura eka jaina dharmazAlA hai, tathA di. jaina devagar3ha tIrtha kameTI kI ora se eka pradarzaka bhI niyukta hai| prativarSa mArca mAsa ke aMtima saptAha ke lagabhaga devagar3ha meM eka bhArI jaina melA bharatA hai| bAnapura lalitapura jile kI maharaunI tahasIla meM, maharaunI se 9 mIla (pakkI sar3aka para) aura lalitapura se 32 mIla para bAnapura nAma kA gAMva sthita hai, jise mahAbhAratakAlIna bANAsura daitya kI rAjadhAnI bANapura kA sUcaka mAnA jAtA hai / gAMva ke uttarI bhAga meM gaNeza jI kI 22 bhujAoM se yukta advitIya vizAlakAya mUrti sthita hai, aura pAsa bahane vAlI jAmanera nadI para daityasUtA uSA ke nAma para uSAghATa prasiddha hai| gAMva kI dakSiNI dizA meM, bAnapura-maharaunI mArga para 280x200 phuTa kI eka cahAradivArI ke bhItara pAMca prAcIna jinamandira haiM / prAkRtika suSamA se pariveSTita yaha sthala hI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra bAnapura ke nAma se prasiddha hai, jo dhArmika mahatva ke atirikta eka zreSTha kalAdhAma bhI hai| uparokta mandiroM meM se naM0 1 meM saM0 1142 (san 1085 I0) kI pratiSThita saMgamaramara kI tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI bhavya pratimA hai, tathA eka anya dezI prastara kI 5 phu0 4 i0 U~cI tIrthakara mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai, jisake sAtha zAsanadevoM kA aMkana hai / mandira na02 meM 8-8 / / phuTa U~cI do khaDiNta tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM haiM / mandira naM0 3, jo sambhavatayA isa adhiSThAna kA mukhya mandira thA, ke dvAra ke Upara kSetrapAla kI mUrti banI hai, andara eka vedI meM, mandira ke bhauMhare kI khudAI meM prApta, prAcIna caraNacinha sthApita haiM, tathA eka anya vedI meM 1484 I0 meM pratiSThita padmAsana jinapratimA virAjamAna hai| mandira kI bAharI dIvAra para yugAdideva, yakSa-yakSi, yugaliyA, mithuna tathA katipaya paurANika dRzyoM ke 19 kalApUrNa aMkana haiN| mandira na0 4 zikhara vihIna hai aura zAntinAtha jinAlaya athavA 'bar3e bAbA kA mandira' kahalAtA hai| isa mandira meM dezIpASANa kI 18 phuTa U~cI bar3I manojJa, kintu nAsikA Adi se khaNDita, zAntinAtha bhagavAna kI pratimA hai jisakI caraNa caukI para pratiSThA kA saM0 1001 (sana 144 I0) aMkita hai| zilAlekha ke idhara-udhara choTI-choTI AkRtiyA~ upAsakoM Adi kI banI haiN| zantinAtha ke
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________________ 34- caumukhA sahasrakUTa kalApUrNa prAcIna mandira, bAnapura (ji. lalitapura) 35- dhAtumayI paMcatIrthI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU
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________________ AAS 36-digambara jaina mandira, zrInagara (gar3havAla) 37-lekhAMkita 'cintAmaNi' pAzva-pratimA, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU
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________________ 38 - lekhayukta mahAvIra pratimA, mahobA, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU
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________________ 39-vIranAtha-paMcajinendra paTa, zrAvastI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU
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________________ [ 61 bAMyI ora 7 phuTa UMcI kunyunAtha kI aura dAMyI ora utanI hI aranAtha kI pratimAeM sthita haiN| jinAlaya kI bAharI pArzvabhitti para bhI eka kalApUrNa padmAsana jinamUrti utkIrNa hai| uparokta cAroM mandira eka vizAla cabUtare ke Upara bane haiM, aura usake sAmane kSetra kA vizeSa AkarSaNa mandira na. 5 hai, jo atyanta kalApUrNa caturmakha sahasrakUTa caityAlaya hai / lagabhaga 50 phITa U~cA yaha manorama jinAlaya 22 phITa caur3I pIThikA para nirmita hai, aura candelakAlIna khajurAho kalA kA hI eka sundara namUnA hai / zikhara kA zilpa, bAhyabhittiyoM ke prastarAna, Adi kI dRSTi se yaha mandira uccakoTi kI kalAkRti hai / ahAra kSetra meM prApta eka zilAlekha ke anusAra bAnapura ke isa sahasrakuTa caityAlaya kA nirmAtA gRhapativaMzI seTha devapAla thA (gRhapati vaMzasaroruha sahasrarazmiH shsrkuttyH| vANapure vadhitAsIta zrImAniha devapAla iti // ) / usI ke prapautra ne 1180 I0 meM ahAra kSetra kI vizAlakAya zAntinAtha pratimA kI sthApanA kI thI, ataeva bANapura kA ukta caityAlaya 11vIM zatI kA honA cAhie / mandira ke bhItara eka 4 phuTa caur3e evaM 8 phuTa U~ce zilAstambha para 1008 jinamUrtiyA~ suSThurItyA aMkita haiM-- inhIM ke kAraNa yaha sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kahalAtA hai / uparokta mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM Adi ke atirikta bhI isa sthAna meM aneka khaNDita-akhaNDita mUrtiyAM evaM kalAvazeSa bikhare par3e haiM, jinameM se 68 mUrtAkanoM se yukta eka zilAkhaMDa, jisake madhya meM phaNAvalimaNDita padmAsana pArNa pratimA hai, ullekhanIya hai| eka kameTI isa tIrtha kI dekhabhAla karatI hai| kSetra ke jIrNoddhAra evaM vikAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| zUmekA parvata lalitapura jile meM jAkhalauna relasTezana se 5 mIla kI dUrI para zUmekA nAma kI choTI sI pahAr3I hai jisake Upara pASANa kA gumbajadAra-zikharabanda mandira sthiti hai, aura usameM bhagavAna zAntinAtha ke caraNacinha sthApita haiN| cAroM ora jaMgala hai, dRzya ramaNIya hai, sthAna prAcIna hai, aura atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM isakI prasiddhi hai| navAgar3ha lalitapura jile kI maharaunI tahasIla ke sojanA grAma se 3 mIla para sthita nAvaI (navAgar3ha) ke dakSiNapUrva kone para purAne jainamandiroM khaNDaharoM se banA TIlA hai| usameM eka bhauMhare meM tIrthakara aranAtha 5 phuTa U~cI bar3I manojJa mUrti hai jo saM0 1202 (san 1145 I0) kI pratiSThita hai| anya bhI kalAkRtiyA~ haiM / eka dharmazAlA aura saMgrahAlaya bhI hai / atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM prasiddhi hai| cA~dapura lalitapura jile meM jAkhalauna sTezana se 5 mIla kI dUrI para, zUmekAparNata kI talahaTI ke nikaTa cA~dapura nAma kA grAma basA hai, isake nikaTa hI jahAjapura gAMva hai / ukta pahAr3a ke nIce eka purAne sarovara ke kinAre 12vIM zatI ke prastara nirmita do kalApUrNa jinamandira sthita haiM, jinameM se eka meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI dasa hAtha U~cI khar3agAsana zyAmavarNa manojJa pratimA, tathA anya 20 choTI-choTI padmAsana pratimAe~ haiN| dUsare mandira meM bhI naisI hI 20 pratimAeM haiN| pavAjI pavA yA pavAgiri nAma kI pahAr3I lalitapura jile meM tAlabehaTa rela sTezana se 6 mIla kI dUrI para sthita pavA nAmaka grAma ke nikaTa hai| grAma meM eka purAnA caityAlaya hai / grAma se 1 mIla para sthita pavAgiri para eka
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________________ 62 ] kha - 6 parakoTe ke bhItara do maDhiyAM haiM, jinameM se eka ke nIce sthita bhauMhare meM patthara kI vedI para chaH padmAsanastha tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ ar3hAI se tIna phuTa U~cI virAjamAna haiM--do zItalanAtha kI haiM aura eka-eka RSabhanAtha, sambhavanAtha, sumatinAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI haiN| eka pratimA 1242 I0 kI aura zeSa 1288 I0 kI pratiSThita haiM / pratimA saba manojJa haiM, aura isa sthAna kI atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM mAnyatA hai / agahana ke prArambha meM 8 dina kA melA hotA | sthAna ramaNIka hai / bAlAbehaTa lalitapura jile meM lalitapura se lagabhaga 40 ki0 mI0 para bAlAbehaTa nAma kA gAMva hai, jahAM eka prAcIna candela kAlIna zikharabanda mandira meM tIna vedI haiM, jinameM se mukhya vedI meM do phuTa U~cI kRSNa pASANa kI atimanojJa padmAsanastha pArzva pratimA hai jo devAtizaya ke lie prasiddha hai / pAsapar3osa kI grAmINa janatA ina zAmaliyA pArzva nAtha kI duhAI detI hai / eka dharmazAlA bhI yahAM hai aura phAlgunamAsa meM rathotsava evaM melA hotA hai / anya do vediyoM meM pASANa evaM dhAtunirmita kaI-kaI pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiM / dudhaI lalitapura jile meM bAlAbehaTa ke pAsa hI dudhaI nAma kA prAcIna sthAna hai jahAM aneka prAcIna jaina kalAvazeSa bikhare par3e haiM jo pUrNa madhyakAlIna pratIta hue haiN| inameM vizeSa ullekhanIya eka kalApUrNa vizAla prastarAMkana hai jo 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI bArAta ke jalUsa kA mAnA jAtA hai / siraunajI lalitapura jile meM jakhaurA relasTezana se 12 mIla kI dUrI para sthita sirIna grAma meM eka purAnA zikharabanda jaina mandira hai | grAma se thor3I dUra para 5 prAcIna mandira haiM, jinameM tIna eka hI khaNDahara ke bhItara sthita haiM / inameM se bar3e mandira kI vedI meM kRSNa pASANa kI do-do phuTa U~cI zAntinAtha kI tIna manojJa pratimAeM haiM / dUsare mandira kI vedI meM vaisI hI do pratimAe~ haiM tathA vedI ke Age donoM konoM para do indra khar3e haiN| tIsarA mandira hai to choTA kintu usake bhItara dIvAra para bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI 16 phuTa U~cI khaDgAsana pratimA utkIrNa hai / isa pratimA ke agala-bagala tIna-tIna phuTa UMcI do pratimAe~ tathA unake Upara do-do phUTI U~cI do pratimAe~ utkIrNaM / cauthA mandira gumbajadAra hai, vedI meM 4 phuTa UMcI pratimA virAjamAna hai tathA cAroM ora dIvAroM para aneka mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM | pAMcoM mandira meM bhItara vedI meM to do pratimAe~ haiM, kintu bAhara AMgana meM lagabhaga 100 khaNDita mUrtiyAM chaH-chaH phuTa U~cI tathA anya aneka 4 yA 5 phuTa U~cI par3I haiN| AMgana ke cabUtare para saM0 1008 (san 951 I0 ) kA lekha aMkita hai / yaha sthAna bhI atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai, kalAdhAma to hai hI / phAlguna mAsa meM yahAM vArSika rathotsava hotA hai / lalitapura svayaM lalitapura zahara meM, bastI se lagabhaga 1 mIla para eka bhArI U~cegar3ha ke bhItara sAta mandira va dharmazAlA haiM / yaha sthAna kSetrapAla ke nAma se prasiddha hai, aura Asa-pAsa meM isakI bar3I mAnyatA hai / mandira Adi sundara haiM / kSetrapAla mandira 11vIM - 12vIM zatI kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai /
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________________ kha -6 kuragamA jhAMsI jile meM, jhAMsI relave sTezana se lagabhaga 8 ki0 mI0 kI dUrI para kuragamA nAma kA choTA sA gAMva hai, jisake bAhara eka bAga meM eka purAnA maTha / isa maTha ke bhauMhare meM 15-16 prAcIna manojJa pASANa nirmita tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ haiM, jinameM se kucha pArzvanAtha kI aura kucha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI haiM, aura adhikatara 1286 evaM 1287 I0 kI pratiSThita haiM / sthAna atizayapUrNa hai aura tIrtharUpa meM mAnya kiyA jAtA hai / [ 63 mahobA hammIrapura jile meM sthita paramAla candela kI prasiddha rAjadhAnI aura lokakathA ke vIroM alhA Udala kI krIr3AsthalI mahobAnagara meM prAcIna jainamandiroM evaM kalApUrNa jaina mUrtiyoM ke aneka avazeSa prApta hue haiM / candela kAla meM yaha sthAna eka acchA jaina kendra rahA hai / kahAOM 75 ki0 mI0, khukhundo ( kAkaMdI) prAcIna nAma kakubha thA / yaha sthAna prasiddha hai / sarvaprathama 19vIM zatI ke devariyA jile meM, devariyA - salemapura mArga para gorakhapura se lagabhaga se 13 ki0 mI0, salemapura ke nikaTa kahAU~ nAma kA choTA grAma hai, jisakA apane guptakAlIna kalApUrNa paMcajinendra-stambha evaM anya jaina avazeSoM ke lie prArambha meM bucAnana kA dhyAna isa ora AkarSita huA thA / 1837 I0 meM lisTana ne isa sthAna kA paricaya prakAzita kiyA aura 1861-62 meM kaniMghama ne sarvekSaNa karake pUrA vivaraNa prakAzita kiyA thaa| usa samaya ukta stambha ke atirikta do vastaprAyaH jainamandira, kaI purAne kue~ aura sarovara vahAM vidyamAna the, tathA kahAU~ gAMva sahita ye saba bhagnAvazeSa eka lagabhaga 500 gaja lambe-caur3e vistRta TIle para sthita the / eka mandira meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI puruSAkAra khaDgAsana pratimA thii| gAMva ke uttara kI ora eka U~ce sthala para bhUre balue patthara kA yaha akhaMDa staMbha lagabhaga 25 phuTa U~cA thA aura sAr3he cAra phuTa U~ce AdhAra para sthita thaa| staMbha para bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI tathA anya pratimAe~ utkIrNa hai, anya mUrttAGkanabhAM haiM, aura eka lekha bhI aMkita hai, jisake anusAra 'gupta saM0 141 ( san 460 I0 ) ke jyeSTha mAsa meM, samrATa skaMdagupta ke pUveM rAjyavarSa meM, jainamunivihAra se pAvana hue kakubha grAma meM brAhmaNazreSTha somila ke prapotra, bhaTTisoma ke pautra aura rudrasoma ke saMsAra se bhayabhIta, gurubhakta, dharmAtmA putra madra ne arhatadevoM ke sarva kalyANakArI mArga kA anusaraNa karate hue yaha yazaHpuJja uttuMga 'paJcendra' staMbha sthApita kiyA thA / ' [vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekheM jainA eMTIkverI meM prakAzita hamArA lekha 'khukhundo eNDa kahAU~' ] / kannauja farrukhAbAda jile kA kasbA kannauja uttara bhArata kI eka prAcIna mahAnagarI kA sUcaka hai, jo zatAbdiyoM taka bar3e-bar3e sAmrAjyoM kI rAjadhAnI rahI / kAnyakubja, gAdhipura, kuzasthalapura, indrapura Adi isake vibhinna nAma prAcIna sAhitya meM milate haiM / jainadharma ke sAtha bhI isa nagara kA ghaniSTa sambaMdha rahA - aneka tIrthaMkaroM ke yahA~ samavasaraNa Aye, aneka jaina purANakathAoM meM isa nagara ke ullekha prApta hote haiM, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ne kumArAvasthA meM eka barbara AkramaNakArI ke sAtha bhISaNa yuddha karake isa nagara kI rakSA kI thI / aneka prAcIna jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa bhI nagara meM yatra-tatra milate rahe haiM /
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________________ 64 ] eka indrapura bulandazahara jile meM bhI hai aura jainadharma kA usake sAtha sambaMdha rahA hai| svayaM bulandazahara ke prAcIna nAma barana (yA varaNa) aura uccanagara the, aura mathurA ke zilAlekhoM meM jainamuniyoM ke vAraNa gaNa tathA ucyanAgarI zAkhA ke aneka ullekha sUcita karate haiM ki do hajAra varSa pUrva bhI ye sthAna jainamuniyoM ke kendra rahe the| vartamAna alIgar3ha kA purAnA nAma bhI kola yA koila hai-isa nAma kA eka choTA sA gA~va alIgar3ha ke nikaTa aba bhI vidyamAna hai / yaha sthAna bhI pracIna kAla meM jaina kendra rahA / sItApura jile kA khairAbAda madhyakAla meM eka prasiddha jaina kendra rahA aura prAyaH tIrtharUpa meM usakI mAnyatA rhii| caNdravADa atizayakSetra candravADa kI pahacAna AgarA jile meM phirojAbAda nagara se 4 mIla dakSiNa kI ora, yamunAtaTa ke nikaTa, phaile hue khaMDaharoM se hotI hai / isa nagara kA mUlanirmAtA jainadharmAnuyAyI cauhAna vIra candrapAla thA, jisane nagara nirmANa ke sAtha hI yahAM apane iSTadeva candraprabhu kA bhavya jinAlala banavAkara usameM unakI sphaTika maNi kI puruSAkAra pratimA pratiSThApina kI thii| usa rAjA ne tathA usake bAda usake vaMzajoM ne 10vIM se 16vIM zatI paryanta isa bhUbhAga para zAsana kiyA thA / vaMza ke adhikAMza rAje jainadharma poSaka the aura usake mantrI to prAyaH sabhI jaina hue| uparokta pratimA bar3I atizayapUrNa mAnI jAtI rahI hai| kAladoSa se candravADa nagara ujar3agayA, usake sthAna meM phirojAbAda basa gayA-purAne nagara kI smRti ke rUpa meM cauhAnoM ke durga, jaina mandira tathA kucha anya bhavanoM ke bhagnAva zeSa bace haiN| kucha varSa hue yamunA ke tala se sphaTika kI candraprabhu pratimA prApta huI thii| use hI mUla pratimA mAnA jAtA hai| tIrtha nahIM rahA, kintu tIrtha kA atizaya banA huA hai| marasalagaMja AgarA jile meM, phirojAbAda se 12 mIla uttara kI ora pharihA gAMva ke nikaTa sthita atizayakSetra marasalagaMja apanI AdinAtha bhagavAna kI vizAla, kalApUrNa, padmAsanastha pratimA ke lie prasiddha hai| darzanIya sthAna hai, tIrtharUpa meM mAnyatA hai, melA bhI bharatA hai| asAIkher3A iTAvA jilA meM, iTAvA nagara se 9 mIla kI dUrI para sthita asAIkher3A yA AsaMIkher3A eka prAcIna sthAna hai / pahale yahA~ bharoM kA rAjya thA, jo jainadharmAnuyAyI rahe pratIta hote haiM / candravADa ke cauhAna rAjya saMsthApaka candrapAla ne 10vIM zatI meM isa kSetra para apanA adhikAra jamAyA aura yahA~ bhI eka durga bnvaayaa| isa sthAna se jaina mandiroM evaM mUttiyoM ke aneka avazeSa mile haiM jo 10vI se 14vIM zatI taka ke haiM inameM se kucha mUttiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU meM bhI AI batAI jAtI haiM jo saM0 1018 se 1230 (san 961 se 1173 I0) taka kI haiM /
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________________ [ 65 rAjamala yaha atizaya kSetra eTA jile meM hai / avAgar3ha bhI usI jile meM hai| rAjamala TUNDalA-eTA mArga para sthita 'bIcakAnagalA' gAMva se 3 mIla para sthita hai| yahAM neminAtha bhagavAna kI sAtizaya pratimA hai, eka dharmazAlA bhI hai, melA bhI hotA hai| tilokapura avadha prAnta ke bArAbaMkI jile meM vArAbaMkI se 10 mIla aura bindaurA se 4 mIla para sthita yaha bar3A gAMva hai / yahA~ lagabhaga do-DhAI sau varSa purAnA eka acchA zikharabaMda jaina mandira hai, jisake zikhara kI banAvaTa meM lakhanaU kI navAbI sthApatya zailI kA prabhAva rahA pratIta hotA hai| isI gAMva meM eka vaiSNava vairAgI parivAra ke adhikAra meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI eka 3 phuTa U~cI, zyAmavarNa ati manojJa evaM atizayapUrNa pratimA rahI calI AtI hai| usa pratimA ke kAraNa hI tilokapura kI prasiddhi hai| bahasUmA meraTha jile meM, hastinApura ke nikaTa bahasUmA nAma kA kasbA hai, jo kisI samaya gUjara rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI rhaa| vahA~ ke jaina maMdira meM eka prAcIna pratimA hai, jise loga bahudhA cauthe kAla kI kaha dete haiM / saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki kisI samaya hastinApura ke jaMgaloM evaM khaNDaharoM meM se hI vaha kabhI kisI ko prApta huI hogii| bar3AgAMva meraTha jile kI bAgapata tahasIla meM kasbA khekhar3A ke nikaTa bar3AgAMva nAma kA eka purAnA grAma hai| lagabhaga 50-55 varSa pUrva vahA~ eka camatkAra ke phalasvarUpa bhUgarbhastha jainamaMdira aura mUttiyAM prakaTa huI thiiN| tabhI se usa sthAna kI atizaya kSetra ke rUpa meM prasiddhi ho gii| vahalanA pazcimI prattara pradeza meM mujaphpharanagara ke nikaTa sthita bahalanA grAma meM eka sundara prAcIna jinapratimA kI bhUgarbha se prApti hone se eka acchA maMdira va dharmazAlAe~ Adi bana gaI haiN| idhara kucha varSoM se isa atizaya kSetra kI bar3I prasiddhi huI hai, aura aktUbara meM prativarSa honevAle isake rathotsava meM lAkhoM vyaktiyoM kI bhIr3a ekatra hone lagI hai| dvArAhATa kumAyUM-himAlaya meM almor3A jile ke dvArAhATa nAmaka sthAna meM 10vIM se 15vIM zatI taka kI kaI sundara jaina mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM, jo usI sthAna meM nirmita huI pratIta hotI haiN| ataeva isase prakaTa hai ki pUrva madhyakAla meM usa sudUra pArvatIya pradeza meM bhI eka acchI jaina bastI, jaina maMdira aura kendra rahA hogaa| nainItAla meM bhI nainAdevI ke maMdira meM kucha varSa pUrva taka kaI prAcIna jaina mattiyAM thiiN|
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________________ (cha) arvAcIna prasiddha jaina maMdira yoM to uttara pradeza ke jisa bhI nagara, kasbe yA grAma meM jainoM ke dasa-pAMca bhI ghara haiM, vahA~ eka na eka jaina maMdira yA caityAlaya bahudhA pAyA jAtA hai / aise bhI kaI sthAna haiM, yathA zAhajahAMpura, khairAbAda, gorakhapura Adi jahA~ pUrNakAla meM jainoM kI acchI bastI thI aura aba nahIM ke barAbara hai, ataeva purAne maMdira bane haiN| jahAM vartamAna meM bhI acchI bastiyA~ haiM vahA~ ekAdhika maMdira tathA anya dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika saMsthAe~ haiN| AgarA, phirojAbAda, lakhanaU, meraTha, sahAranapura, vArANasI, lalitapura, kAnapura, ilAhAbAda Adi nagaroM meM to pratyeka meM 10-15 se lekara 30-35 taka jaina maMdira haiM / inameM se phirojAbAda, AgarA, khurjA, sahAranapura, lalitapura, lakhanaU, meraTha, vArANasI, alIgar3ha, mirjApura, iTAvA, hAtharasa, bArAbaMkI, kAnapura Adi nagaroM meM kaI-kaI maMdira ati bhavya, vizAla evaM darzanIya haiN| phirojAbAda ke jaina nagara meM seTha chadAmIlAla dvArA nirmApita vizAla evaM sundara maMdira ati AkarSaka haiM / usI maMdira meM eka lagabhaga 40 phuTa uttuMga bhagavAna bAhubali kI apratima pratimA kI sthApanA hone jA rahI hai|
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________________ uttara pradeza ke jaina santa jainadharma nivRtti pradhAna dharma hai / usakA sampUrNa bala tapa-tyAga saMyama dvArA Atmazodhana evaM AtmasAdhanA para hai, aura lakSya hai isa prakriyA dvArA AtmA ko paramAtmA banA denA / kintu sabhI strI-puruSa saMsAra tyAgI hokara aisI duSkara sAdhanA nahIM kara sakate, isIlie jaina paramparA meM do mArga vihita haiM- eka sAmAnya gRhasthajanoM (zrAvaka zrAvikAoM) kA mArga hai jo yathAzakti niyama-saMyama kA AMzika pAlana karate hue nyAyapUrvaka athavA dharmataH apane artha aura kAma puruSArthoM kA sAdhana karate haiM, sadnAgarika banakara apane duniyAvI karttavyoM kA pAlana karate haiM aura zanaiH-zanaiH AtmotkarSa sAdhana kI ora agrasara hote haiN| dUsarA mArga mokSamArga ke una ekaniSTha sAdhakoM kA haiM jo saMsAra - deha-bhogoM se virakta hokara, gRhatyAgI, nirArambhI, niSparigrahI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke rUpa meM AtmasAdhanA karate hue tathA yathAsambhava lokahita karate hue apane samaya kA sadupayoga karate haiM / ataeva jaina zAstroM meM sAdhu kI paribhASA kI gaI hai ki jisakA mana indriyaviSayoM kI AzA ke vazIbhUta nahIM hai, jo kisI prakAra kA Arambha nahIM karatA, apane pAsa koI bhI antaraMga yA bahiraMga parigraha nahIM rakhatA, tathA sadaiva jJAna, dhyAna aura tapa meM anurakta yA lIna rahatA hai, vahI sAdhu kahalAtA hai-- viSayAzAvazAtIto jJAna-dhyAna- taporaktastapasvI usakI dRSTi meM nirArambho'parigrahaH / prazasyate // ahiMsA-satya-asteya-brahmacarya - aparigraha rUpa paMca mahAvrata kA dhArI, mAtra bhikSA meM prApta anna grahaNa karane vAlA, Atmopamya kA sAdhaka, dharma kA upadeza dene vAlA dhIra sAdhu hI guru rUpa meM mAnya hotA hai sa mahAvratadharAdhIrA bhaikSamAtropajIvinaH / sAmAyikasthA dharmopadezakA guravomatAH // tyAgo hi paramodharmaH tyAgaeva paramatapaH / tyAgAt iha yazolAbhaH paratrabhyodayo mahAna || vaha isa tyAgarUpI paramadharma kA svayaM to pUrNatayA pAlana karatA hI hai, apane anuyAyI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko bhI, isa loka meM yazolAbha aura paraloka meM abhyudaya kA dAtA pratipAdita karake ukta tyAgadharma kA jIvadayA, parasevA, paropakAra evaM udAra dAnazIlatA ke rUpa meM yathAzakti pAlana karane kI nirantara zikSA detA hai / ye sAdhusaviyA~ apanI Ayu bar3hAne, zarIra ko puSTa karane yA usakA bala aura teja bar3hAne, athavA jihvA ke svAda ke lie bhojana nahIM karate, varan dene vAle ko tanika kaSTa na ho aisI bhrAmarIvRtti se aura jaisA bhI AhAra mile usameM samabhAva vAlI gocarIvRtti se milA zuddha, prAzuka, sAttvika AhAra, vaha bhI bhUkha se kama mAtrA meM, dina meM kevala eka bAra karate haiM / cAturmAsa ke atirikta kisI eka sthAna meM jamakara 8-10 dina se adhika nahIM rahate, dravyAdi
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________________ 68 ] kha - 6 koI parigraha apane pAsa nahIM rakhate, zatru-mitra meM samabhAva rahate haiM / jaina AgamoM meM, sadaiva paramapada kA anveSaNa karate rahane vAle ina anagAra sAdhuoM ki siMhavata parAkramI, gajavat karma-yuddha vijayI, vRSabhavat saMyamavAhaka, mRgavata yathAlAbha santuSTa, pazuvata nirIha bhikSAcArI, pavanavat nirlepa, sUryavat tapasvI, sAgaravat gambhIra, meruvat akampa, candravat saumya, maNivat prabhApuMja, kSitivat titikSu, sarpavat anizcita sthAnavAsI, tathA AkAzavat nirAlamba batAyA hai | zramaNa, saMyata, RSi, muni, sAdhu, anagAra, bhadanta, dAnta, yati Adi unake lie prayukta ekArthavAcI vizeSaNa haiM / nArI saMtanI ArthikA, kSullikA, sAdhvI, AryA, brahmacAriNI Adi kahalAtI haiM / jo gRhatyAgI dharmasevI evaM janasevI mahAnubhAva pUrNa munidharma pAlana nahIM karate, kintu sAmAnya zrAvakoM kI bhA~ti gRhastha avasthA meM bhI nahIM rahate, ve aillaka, kSullaka, brahmacArI, varNI Adi kahalAte haiM / madhyakAla meM kucha sAdhu tatkAlika vividha paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vastradhArI hokara maThoM meM bhI rahane lage / ve bhaTTAraka, zrI pUjya, gRhasthAcArya Adi bhI kahalAye / ye sabhI strI-puruSa jaina santa 'tinnANaM tArayANaM' - svayaM tireM aura dUsaroM ko tAreM, aise sva-para kalyANakArI hote haiN| jahAM ve vicarate haiM vaha kSetra dhanya hotA hai, aura jo gRhastha ina santoM ke samAgama kA lAbha uThAte haiM aura unakI sevA kA avasara prApta karate haiM, ve bhI dhanya ho jAte haiN| sacce vAstavika Adarza santoM kA samAgama ati durlabha hotA hai / uttara pradeza kA parama saubhAgya rahA hai ki yahAM aise santa sadaiva se hote rahe haiM / yuga ke Adi meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne isI pradeza meM sarvaprathama sAdhu mArga kA pravartana svayaM apane Adarza dvArA tathA aneka puruSoM evaM nArI ziSyoM ko sAdhu dharma meM dIkSita karake kiyA thA / tadanantara anya teIsa tIrthaMkara svayaM tathA unake apane-apane tIrtha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ isa pradeza meM vicarate rahe / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM pUrvavartI tIrthaMkara pArzva kI paramparA ke kezi kumAra Adi aneka sAdhu isa pradeza meM vicara rahe the / bhagavAna mahAvIra, unake gautamAdi gaNadharoM tathA unake saMgha ke anekoM muni evaM AryikAe~ isa pradeza meM vicare / mahAvIra ke uparAnta antima kevali jambUsvAmI aura unake sAdhika pAMcasau ziSya santoM ne mathurA ke caurAsI kSetra para tapa kiyA aura sadgati prApta kI / tadanantara, 2rI zatI I0 pU0 se lagabhaga 5vIM zatI I0 paryanta mathurA jaina santoM kA isa pradeza meM pradhAna evaM bRhat kendra thA / vahAM se prApta tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM meM 85 vibhinna jaina muniyoM ora 25 AryikAoM ke to nAma bhI prApta hote haiM, jinameM kumAra yA kumAranandi, kaNhazramaNa, AryamaMkhu, nAgahasti, mahArakSita, bhadanta jayasena, nAganandi, Aryabaladina, mahAnandi, vAcaka vRddhahasti vAcaka bhaginandi, gaNInAgasena, vAcaka oghanandi, vAcaka Arya hastahasti vAcaka Aryadeva, muni kumAra datta, AryikA jIvA, AryA dattA, AryA SaSThisiMhA, RSidAsa, puSyamitra, Arya mihila, AryA zyAmA, Arya jyeSThahasti, Arya nAgabhUti, vAcaka sandhika, AryA jayA, AryA saMgamikA, AryA vasulA, Arya jayabhUti, Arya gRharakSita, vAcaka mAtRdina, vAcaka saMghasiMha, Arya balanAta Adi santa santaniyA~ zuMga-zaka- kuSANakAla (lagabhaga 200I0 pU0 - 200I0) ke cAra sau varSoM meM vizeSa mahatvapUrNa rahe pratIta hote haiM / mathurA ke atirikta uccanagara evaM varaNa ( bulandazahara), kola (alIgar3ha), ahicchatrA, saMkisA hastinApura, kauzAmbI, zvetAmbikA, vajranagarI Adi usa yuga meM, isa pradeza meM jaina muniyoM ke prasiddha kendra the / usa kAla ke ukta jaina sAdhuoM ne svayaM ko vibhinna gaNa-zAkha-kuloM Adi meM vyavasthita rUpa se saMgaThita kiyA huA thA, aura unhoMne apane dharmAtmA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se 'sarva sattvAnAM hitAya, sarva sAttvAnAM sukhAya' anaginata vividha dhArmika kRtya evaM nirmANa karAye the / dakSiNa ke AcArya samantabhadra svAmI bhI kAzI Aye the, aisI eka anuzruti hai / I guptakAla ( 5vIM zatI I0) meM mathurA ke datilAcArya aura paMcastUpanikAya ke kAzivAsI nirgrantha zramaNAcArya guhanandi ati prasiddha the / ina guhanandi ke ziSya-praziSya uttara pradeza meM hI nahIM, bihAra aura baMgAla meM
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________________ bhI phaile hue the / AcArya siddhasena bhI uttara pradeza meM vicare pratIta hote haiM, 7vIM zatI meM AcArya mAnatuMga aura 8vIM-9vIM zatI meM bappabhaTTisUri uttara pradeza ke prasiddha jaina santa the| devagar3ha ke AcArya kamaladeva aura zrIdeva bhI 9vIM zatI ke prabhAvaka santa the| mathurA meM 11vIM zatI meM jinadevasUri, bhAvadevasUri aura AcArya vijayasiMha dvArA (1023 I0) meM biMba pratiSThA Adi dharmakArya karAne ke ullekha haiN| __ isake uparAnta muslima zAsanakAla meM uttara pradeza meM jaina santoM kA nivAsa evaM vihAra virala hotA calA gayA / digambara muni to isa kAla meM adhikAMzataH vastradhArI bhaTTAraka hone lage aura sthAnavizeSoM meM apanI gaddiyAM sthApita karake unake mAdhyama se sAhitya sRjana, zikSA, mandira-mUrti nirmANa evaM pratiSThA, pUjA-anuSThAna karane karAne lage aura gRhasthajanoM ko dhArmika lAbha pahu~cAne lge| zvetAmbaroM meM bhI unhIM kI bhAMti maThAdhIza yatiyoM evaM zrIpajyoM kI saMsthA vikasita huii| 14vIM zatI meM hI dillI meM digambara paramparA ke nandi, sena aura kASThAsaMgha kI tathA zvetAmbara kharatara gaccha kI gaddiyAM sthApita ho cukI thiiN| dillI ko kendra banAkara ye bhaTTAraka evaM yati pUre uttara pradeza meM gamanAgamana karake zrAvakoM ko dharmalAbha dete the| usI zatI meM uttara pradeza meM vicaraNa evaM dharma kArya karane vAle jaina santoM meM bhaTTAraka mAdhavasena, prabhAcandra evaM padmanandi ke tathA AcArya jinaprabhasUri ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 15vIM zatI meM hue tAraNasvAmI isa pradeza ke bundelakhaNDa meM bicare pratIta hote haiM aura 16vIM zatI meM AgarA jile ke zauripura-hathakanta aTera meM digambara bhaTTArakoM kA prasiddha paTTa sthApita huA, jo vartamAna zatAbdI ke prArambha taka calatA rahA, aura jisameM aneka dharmaprabhAvaka santa hue| usI zatI meM mugala samrATa akabara ke nimantraNa para gujarAta ke AcAryapravara hIra vijayasUri, jinnacandra, zAnticandra Adi aneka jaina saMta AgarA padhAre aura uttara pradeza meM bicre| 17vIM zatI ke prArambha meM candavADa ke brahmagulAla muni tathA usake madhya ke lagabhaga zItala muni nAma ke digambara santa isa pradeza meM vicara rahe the| zItalamuni AgarA bhI Aye aura ayodhyA meM 1647 I0 meM unakA samAdhimaraNa haa| bAda kI do zatAbdiyAM arAjakatA kAla kI thIM, usa kAla meM kisI ullekhanIya jaina sAdhu ke isa pradeza meM nivAsa karane yA vicarane kA patA nahIM cltaa| bhaTTArakoM ke upazAkhApaT bArAbaMkI, kAMdhalA Adi kaI sthAnoM meM the tathA jinakuzalasUri prabhRti katipaya yatiyoM ke lakhanaU Adi kucha sthAnoM se sambaddha hone ke pramANa milate haiN| Adhunika yuga meM, lagabhaga 1850 I0 se vartakAna paryanta aneka brahmacArI, varNI, kSullaka, aillaka, digambara maniyoM evaM AyikAoM kA tathA sthAnakavAsI sAdha-sAdhviyoM kA isa pradeza ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai| ina saMtoM ne janatA meM dhArmika bhAvanA jAgRta karane, usakA naitika unnayana karane meM apane-apane DhaMga se yoga diyA hai| gata zatAbdI meM alIgar3ha ke AdhyAmika santa tyAgI bAbA daulatarAma, kAMdhalA ke santa evaM bhakta kavi jayanAnanda (nainasukhadAsa), AgarA ke mahAprabhAvaka sthAnakavAsI muni ratnacandra aura meraTha ke mahAtapasvI siddha bAbA - lAlamanadAsa hue| vartamAna zatAbdI meM divaMgata hue pradeza ke jaina santoM meM ullekhanIya haiM mahamUdAbAda (jilA sItApura) ke brahmacArI bhagavAnasAgara jo lakhanaU meM kaI varSa rahe aura zikSA evaM sAhitya ke pracAra meM yoga dete rahe / kAzI ke AcArya vijayadharmasUri jo vyAkhyAna vAcaspati, navayuga pravartaka evaM zAstra vizArada jaise virudadhArI the / sthAnakavAsI santa bharatAjI (bharatamuni) jo bar3e sarala svabhAvI sAdhu thesva0 muni lAlacanda aura sukhAnanda unake ziSya the aura vaha svayaM muni ratnacanda ke ziSya the| paNDApura-mathurA meM janme bAbA bhAgIratha varNI (1868-1942 I0) bar3e sarala pariNamI nirbhIka tyAgI, nispRhI evaM zikSApremI
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________________ 70 ] santa the / brahmacArI zItala prasAda (1879-1942 I0) kA janma lakhanaU meM huA thA, yahIM anta meM unakA samAdhimaraNa huA, kintu pUrA uttara pradeza hI nahIM sampUrNa bhAratavarSa unakA kAryakSetra thaa| bhArI samAjasudhAraka, utkaTa zikSA premI, dezabhakta aura isa yuga ke sabase bar3e jaina mizanarI the| jaina samAja ke aise niHsvArtha hitaciMtaka aura use jAgata karane ke lie athaka parizrama jIvanabhara karane vAle saMta bhI virale hI hue haiN| kSa varNI (1874-1961 I0) kA sampUrNa jIvana dharma aura samAja kI sevA meM samarpita rhaa| grAma haMserA (tahasIla maharaunI, jilA lalitapura) meM janme, vibhinna sthAnoM meM vidyAdhyayana kara nyAyAcArya hue, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANasI kI tathA anya aneka saMskRta vidyAlayoM, pAThazAlAoM Adi kI sthApanA kI, prAyaHpraraMbha se hI 'varNI' vizeSaNadhArI brahmacArI rahe aura antima 14 varSoM meM kSullaka pada meM rahe / bundelakhaMDa kI jaina samAja ko jAgRta karane kA zreya unheM hI hai| yaha varNIjI isa yuga ke mahAna AdhyAtmika jaina saMta the| mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna vilakSaNa saMta the-unakA sampUrNa jIvana deza aura janatA janArdana kI sevA meM vyatIta huaa| grAma cAvalI (jilA AgarA) meM janme paM0 nandanalAla zAstrI AcAryapravara zAntisAgara jI se dIkSita hokara kramazaH brahmacArI evaM kSallaka-aillaka jJAnasAgara hue, phira muni evaM anta meM AcAryasudharmasAgara ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue / phirojAbAda (jilA AgarA) meM janme paM0 mahendrakumAra zAstrI 32 varSa kI Ayu meM muni dIkSA lekara kAlAntara meM AcArya mahAvIrakIti (1910-71 I.) ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue 50 muni, AyikA, kSullaka brahmacArI Adi tyAgi mahAtmAoM aura sAdhvivoM ke dIkSA guru hue| munisAgara (jilA AgarA), meraTha kI vidyAvatI mAtAjI evaM sAdhvI kiraNa, AgarA kI zarabatI devI jilA meraTha ke mUni svarNasAgara aura vimala muni, Adi anya isa yuga ke kaI saMta-saMtaniyA divaMgata ho cake haiN| uttara pradeza ke vartamAna jaina saMtoM meM ullekhanIya haiM-AcArya vimalasAgara (kosamA, jilA AgarA), AcArya sanmatisAgara (phaphUMda, ji0 eTA), AcArya pArzvasAgara (samonA, jilA AgarA), upAdhyAya amaramuni evaM unakA ziSyavarga, muni pArzvasAgara (eTA), muni zrutasAgara (AgarA), muni saMbhavasAgara (eTA), munizItalasAgara (phirojAbAda), Tikaitanagara (jilA bArAbaMkI) kI viduSIratna jJAnamatI mAtAjI, abhayamatI, ratnamatI, siddhamatI, bArAbaMkI kI kuMthamatI, phirojAbAda kI zAntimatI Adi AryikAe~, kSullaka dayAsAgara (AgarA) tathA anya kaI brahmacArI, brahmacAriNI aadi| pradeza ke bAhara ke bhI kaI saMtoM, yathA upAdhyAya muni vidyAnaMda, kSullaka sahajAnanda (manohara lAla varNI) Adi kA mukhya kAryakSetra uttara pradeza hai|
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________________ C 40- upAdhyAya parameSTi, devagar3ha
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________________ GAM 41-bhAratavarSa kI sarvaprAcIna sarasvatI-pratimA, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA, (rA. saM. lakhanaU)
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________________ uttara pradeza ke jaina sAhityakAra yuga kI Adi meM jaba Adideva RSabhanAtha ne mAnavI sabhyatA kA OM namaH kiyA to unhoMne isI uttara pradeza kI ayodhyA nagarI meM apane prajAjana tatkAlIna mAnavoM ko asi-masi-kRSi-zilpa-vANijya-vidyA rUpI SaTkarmoM kI zikSA dI, aura striyoM evaM puruSoM ko unake lie upayukta kramazaH 64 evaM 72 kalAe~ sikhAI thiiN| masikarma se lekhana kA abhiprAya hai aura lekhanakalA kI vividha vidhAoM evaM prakAroM kA samAveza strI-puruSoM kI uparokta kalAoM meM bhI hai| anuzruti hai ki una prajApati svayaMbhU ne apanI do putriyoM meM se kumArI brAhmI ko akSarajJAna sikhAyA thA, jisa kAraNa bhArata kI pracIna lipi 'brAhmIlipi' ke nAma se lokaprasiddha huii| dUsarI putrI, kumArI sundarI ko unhoMne aMkajJAna sikhAyA thA (dekhie-AdipurANa, parva 16 shlo-98-117)| cirakAla paryanta prajA kA samyakapa se pratipAlana karane ke uparAnta bhagavAna ne saMsAra kA parityAga karake tapazcaraNa dvArA Atmazodhana kiyA aura prayAga meM vaTavRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta karake vaha Adi tIrthakara hue tathA sabhI prANiyoM ke hita-sukha ke lie unhoMne apanA divya upadeza diyA, jise unake vRSabhasena Adi gaNadharoM ne janabhASA meM gUMthA / unake uparAnta, samaya-samaya para hone vAle anya 23 tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI usI saddharma kA upadeza isa pradeza kI janatA ko diyA-unake apane-apane gaNadharoM ne use apane-apane samaya kI janabhASA meM nibaddha kiyaa| isa prakAra isa pradeza meM maulika jaina zruta kA pravAha satat pravAhita hotA rhaa| aMtima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra (chaThI zatI IsApUrga) kA upadeza bhI unake indrabhUti gautama prabhRti gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMga zruta ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA, aura janabhASA ardhamAgadhI meM nibaddha vaha zrutajJAna kaI zatAbdiyoM taka samartha AcAryoM kI paramparA meM maukhika dvAra se pravAhita hotA rhaa| jaina saMgha meM vAcakAcArya, uccAraNAcArya, pRcchakAcArya, upAdhyAya Adi kI yojanA ukta zrutajJAna ke saMrakSaNa evaM usakI maulikatA ko surakSita rakhane ke lie hI kI gaI thii| kintu jaba kAladoSase, aneka paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa, saba sAvadhAniyoM ke baratane para.bhI, ukta zrutajJAna meM zanaiHzanaiH hrAsa hone laga, aura matabheda tathA pAThabheda bhI utpanna hone lage, to zrutaviccheda kI cintA se aneka AcArya evaM prabuddha zrAvaka cintita hone lge| kaThinAI yaha thI ki jaina muni nirgrantha, niSparigrahI hote the, kisI prakAra kA parigraha vaha rakha nahIM sakate the, varSAvAsa ke cAra mahinoM ke atirikta kisI eka sthAna meM, vaha bhI bastI ke bAhara, cAra-chaha dina se adhika raha nahIM sakate the, aura apane saMgha kI vyavasthA tathA zruta-saMrakSaNa ke taMtra meM unheM AsthA thii| tathApi, kAla ne unheM vivaza kara diyA ki yadi ve tIrthaMkaroM kI vANI ko, jitanA kucha bhI aura jisa rUpa meM bhI vaha bacI hai, surakSita rakhanA cAhate haiM to use lipibaddha karake pustakArUr3ha kara deN| ___ aura, yaha kArya bhI isI pradeza ke mathurA nagara meM pratiSThita jaina saMgha ke dUradarzI prabuddha AcAryoM ne apane prasiddha 'sarasvatI AMdolana' dvArA sukara kara diyaa| pustakadhAriNI sarasvatI kI pASANa pratimAeM pratiSThita karake,
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________________ dhArmika kRtyoM kI smRti surakSita rakhane ke lie anekoM zilAlekha likha yA likhAkara tathA joradAra pracAra dvArA unhoMne pustaka-sAhitya-praNayana ke viSaya meM jo saMkoca yA virodha thA, use dUra kiyaa| mathurA meM cale isa 'sarasvatI AMdolana' kA suphala yaha haA ki kaliMga cakravartI khAravela dvArA Ayojita mahAmuni sammelana meM zrutavAMcanA huI aura vahIM se dakSiNApatha ke jo AcArya vahA~ padhAre the, sAhityapraNayana kI preraNA lekara gaye / isa prakAra san IsvI ke prAraMbha ke lagabhaga hI uttara bhArata meM lohAcArya, guNadhara, AryamaMkhu, nAgahasti, zivArya aura svAmi kumAra ne tathA dakSiNa deza meM kundakundAcArya, vaTakeri, dharasena, puSpadaMta, bhUtabali Adi aneka AcAryoM ne Agamazruta ke vibhinna aMzoM ko lipibaddha karane, pustakArUr3ha karane athavA mUlAgama para AdhArita svatantra pAhur3agranthoM meM Agamika jJAna kA sAra prastuta karane kA kArya prAraMbha kara diyaa| isase mahAvIravANI ke mahattvapUrNa aMza surakSita hue aura unake jJAna kA pravAha banA rhaa| kintu isa kAraNa aneka matabhedoM ne bhI janma liyA, aura pazcimI bhArata ke AcAryoM ne Arya skaMdila kI adhyakSatA meM unake dvArA sammata AgamoM kI eka vAMcanA bhI mathurA meM kii| hamArA anumAna hai ki AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha karane tathA agamAnusArI pustaka sAhityapraNayana karane meM uttara bhArata ke jina AcAryoM kA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai, prAyaH ve saba uttara pradeza tathA usake mathurA Adi pramukha kendroM se sambaddha rahe the| ima prakAra yadyapi vartamAna prAcInakAlIna jaina sAhitya kA bahabhAga dakSiNI evaM pazcimI bhArata meM racA gayA, usake praNayana kI preraNA tathA prArambha uttara pradeza meM hI huA thaa| isake sAtha hI yaha tathya bhI dhyAtavya hai ki akhila bhAratIya sAhitya evaM kalA kA prArambha aura vikAsa, zaddha aitihAsika se, brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddha, tInoM hI dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne IsApUrva prathama sahasrAbda ke uttarArdha meM prAyaH sAtha hI sAtha, samAna utsAha evaM manoyoga ke sAtha kiyA thaa| atyanta vipula, vibhinna bhASayika evaM vividha viSayaka jaina sAhitya ke nirmANa meM, prAcIna kAla meM kaI kAraNoM se uttara pradeza kA yoga atyalpa rahA, tathApi prArambha se vartamAna paryanta isa pradeza kA jo yogadAna rahA hai, usakA saMkSipta vivaraNa Age diyA jA rahA hai| isa sUcI meM una sAhityakAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jo uttara pradeza meM janmeM, alpAdhika samaya rahe yA vicare athavA anya kisI rUpa meM usase sambaddha rhe| sUcI meM ajJAnavaza katipaya bhUleM bhI ho sakatI haiM, aura yaha dAvA bhI nahIM hai ki vaha pUrNa hai| pratyeka sAhityakAra ke nAma ke sAtha koSThaka meM, yadi jJAta huA, to sthAna kA nirdeza, tadanantara IsvI san meM nizcita yA anumAnita samaya, jJAta racanAoM kA nAma, jinake sAtha koSThaka meM bhASA kA saMketa (prA0=prAkRta, apa =apabhraMza, saM0- saMskRta, hi. =hindI) kara diyA gayA hai| jahA~ bhASA saMketa nahIM use hindI-samajhA jAya / granthakAra aura unake grantha I0 pUrva 1lI zatI --ArAhaNA (prA.) lohAcArya appabhUti guNadharAcArya svAmikumAra vimalArya zivArya 1lI zatI I0 -pejjadosapAhuDa (prA.) [pustakArUr3ha Agarama] -bArasa-ANupekkhA (prA.) -paumacariu (prA.) -bhagavatI ArAdhanA (prA.)
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________________ sandha siha tha lihi kha-6 [ 73 AryamaMkhu -kasAya pAhuDa (prA.) nAgahasti 2rI zatI I0 yativRSabha -kasAyapAhuDa ke cUNisUtra (prA.), tiloyapaNNati (prA.), karaNasUtra (prA.) pAtrakesari svAmi (ahicchatrA) -vilakSaNakadarthana (saM0), pAtrakesari stotra (saM.) mAnatuMgAcArya (kAnyakubja) -bhaktAmara stotra (saM0) joindu (yogIndudeva) la0 700 I0 -paramAtma prakAza (apa0), yogasAra (apa0) dhanaJjaya -rAghava-pAMDavIya-dviyadhAnakAvya (saM0), anekArtha nAmamAlA (saM0) svayaMbhU (kAnyakubja-mUlataH) la0 800 I0 -rAmAyaNa (apa0), riTThanemicariu (apa0), nAgakumAra cariu (apa0), svayaMbhU chanda (apa0) vAkpati (kAnyakubja) -goDabaho (apa0) haricandra la0 900 I0 -dharmaza bhyudaya (saM0), jIvandhara campu (saM0) govinda kavi . -kathAratna samudra (saM.) amitagati prathama (mAthurasaMghI) -yogasAra prAMbhRta (prA0) jayarAma -dharmaparIkSA (prA.) somadeva la0 960 I0 -nItivAkyAmRta (saM0), mahendra-mAtali-saMjalpa (saM0), ., kannauja meM race-jAne kI saMbhAvanA, anya-grantha daNikSa meM rce| dhanapAla (saMkisA) la0 1000 I0 -pAilacchInAmamAlA (prA.), tilakamaMjarI (saM0), "Adi . . rAmasiMha muni -dohApAhur3a (apa0) vAgbhaTakavi (ahicchatrA) -neminirvANakAvya (saM0) kanakAmara muni 1060 I0 -karakaMDucariu (apa0), yaducariu (apa0) rAmasena 1077 I0 -tattvAnuzAsana (saM0) zrIdhara kavi 1132-73 I0 - -pAnanAtha caritra, vardhamAna caritra, candraprabhacaritra, zAntinAtha caritra, sukumAla caritra, bhaviSyadatta-caritra saba apa0 dhanapAla pallIvAla 1204 I0 -tilakamaMjarI kathAsAra (saM.) gokarNa (candravADa) la0 1250 I0 -sUpakAra sAra (saM0) prabhAcandra bhaTTAraka la0 1290-1360 I0 -bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA (saM0), upAsakAdhyayana (saM0) jinaprabhasuri la0 1295-1333 I0 -vividhatIrthakalpa (saM0 prA0) Adi aneka graMtha gaMdharvakavi-paMDita Thakkara 1308 I0 -yazodhara caritra (apa0), upadezaratnamAlA (apa0) kavi ghelha 1314 I0 -caubIsIgIta (hi.) Thakkara pheru 1315 I0 -vAstusAra, jyotiSasAra gaNitasAra, dravya parIkSA, ratna - parIkSA, Adi (saM0) (mukhyataH dillI meM raheM) . . . .. . .
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________________ sAdhArukavi (jhAMsI ji0) 1354 I0 -pradyumnacaritra (hi.) padmanaMdi bhaTTAraka (candravADa) la0 1360-95 I0 -zrAvakAcAra sAroddhAra (saM0), anya aneka racanAe~ nemicandakavi (mAthurasaMghI) la. 1375 I0 -ravivratakathA (apa0) kamalakIti (candravADa) 1386 I0 -aThArahanAte kI kathA (hi.) jayamitra halla 1388-1425 I0 -vardhamAna kAvya, zreNika caritna, mallinAtha kAvya saba apa0 dhanapAla puravADa (candravADa) 1397 I0 -bAhubali caritra (apa0) haricanda kavi la0 1400 I0 -puNyAsravakathAkoza, vardhamAnakAvya, zreNika caritra saba apa0 lakSmaNa kavi -neminAtha caritra (apa0) asavAla kavi 1422 I0 -pArzvanAtha caritra (apa0) raIdhu mahAkavi la0 1423-58 I0 -mUlataH gvAliyara ke the, pacAsoM granthoM ke racayitA, jinameM se kaI u0 pra0 meM candravADa Adi meM race / vinayacandramuni la0 1425 I0 -iSTopadeza TIkA (saM0) yazaHkIrti bhaTTAraka la0 1430-50 I0 -mUlataH gvAliyara ke, aneka racanAe~, u0 pra0 meM bhI rahe aura racanAe~ kii| prabhAcandra (kASThAsaMghI) 1432 I0 -paMcakalyANa pUjA (saM0), tattvArtha ratna prabhAkara (saM0) sAdhAraNa brahma (kASThAsaMghI) 1435-50 I0 -purAnI hindI meM racita lagabhaga dasa vratakathAe~ vijayAsiMha budha la0 1445 I0 -ajitanAtha purANa (apa0) padamu kavi la0 1450 I0 -dhyAnAmRta rAsa (hi.) budha ralhaNa -pradyumnacaritra (apa0) vimalakIti -sukhasampattividhAna kathA (apa0) tejapAla budha -varAMgacaritra, saMbhavajina caritra, saMgItasAra-saba apa0 guNabhadra bhaTTAraka (kASThAsaMghI) la0 1463-1523 I0 -apa0 meM aneka bratakathAe~ rcii| puNyadatta -sukumAla caritna (apa0) zrIdhara kavi 1473 I0 -bhaviSyadatta paMcamI kathA (apa0) kamalakIrti 1488 I0 -tattvasAra TIkA (saM0) vidyAbhUSaNa la. 1500 I0 -bhaviSyadattarAsa, vasantanemi phAga gaMgAdAsa paMDita -mahApurANa rAsa vinayacandra bhaTTAraka -aneka vratakathAe~, rAsA kAvya aura pUjAe~ pratApakIrti 1514 I0 -zrAvakAcAra rAsa kavi caturu -nemIzvara gIta kavi ThakurasI 1523-28 I0 -kRSNacaritra, paMcendriya bela, nemisura kI bela, meghamAlA brata kathA gauravadAsa 1524 I0 -yazodhara caritra karmacanda la01525 I0 -mRgAvatI copapAI
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________________ [ 75 brahma gopAla abhayanaMdi jinadAsa paMDita budha vIru muni kalyANakIrti paM0 acalakIrti (phirojAbAda) mahAcanda kavi bUcirAja (balhakavi) garIbadAsa dAmodara kavi kumuda vandra pAMDe rAjamalla (AgarA) phUlacaMda paMDita sUradAsa brahma rAyamalla -paMcakalyANa kodyApanavidhi (saM0) -SoDaza bhAvanA AratI 1527 I0 -bRhasiddhacakra pUjA (pra0) Adi kaI pUjApATha 1529 I0 -dharmacakrapUjA, navagraha pUjA, siddhacakra pUjA, RSimaMDala pUjA-saba saM0 la. 1530 I0 -rAjula kA bArahamAsA -aThArahanAte kI kathA, viSApahAra bhASA -zAntinAtha caritra (apa0) 1532 I0 -madana juddha (apa0) 1543 I0 -yazodhara caritra 1546 I0 -madanakumAra rAsa 1550 I0 -bharata bAhubali chaMda, RSabhavivAhalo, mahAvIra svAmI kA rAsa, trepana kriyA vinatI-saba hi. 1540-90 I. -jambUsvAmIcaritna (saM0), paMcAdhyAyI (saM0), lATI saMhitA (saM0), ityAdi 1555 I0 -ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra-padyAnuvAda 1559 I0 -hanumAna kathA 1559-76 I0 -hanumaMta kathA, bhaviSyadatta kathA, vratakathAe~, nemIzvara rAsa, pradyumnarAsa, zrIpAla rAsa-saba hi. la0 1570 I0 -AdinAtha stuti 1580-85 I0 -kaI pUjA pATha (saM0) 1585 I0 -jambUsvAmI caritra, jJAnasUryodaya, jogIrAsA Adi kaI racanAe~ 1586-1644 I0 -ardhakathAnaka, nATaka samayasAra, banArasI nAmamAlA koza, banArasI vilAsa (60 racanAoM kA saMgraha), ityAdi aneka kRtiyA~-saba hi0 1594 I0 -zrIpAla caritra, zreyAMsa rAsa la0 1600 I0 -aSTamIvrata kathA rAsa la0 1600-50 I0 -paramArthI dohA zataka, gIta paramArthI, khaTolanA gIta, paramArtha jakar3I, neminAtha rAsA, adhyAtmadohA, paMca maMgala pATha, Adi-saba hi0 1602-10 I. -lakSmI-sarasvatI saMvAda, jyeSTha jinavara vratodyapana, anantavrata pUjA 1606-13 I0 -sudarzanacaritra, yazodhara caritra 1609 I0 -yazodhara rAsa -bhaviSyadatta caritna kamalakIrti jJAnabhUSaNa pAMDe jinadAsa (AgarA) paM0 banArasIdAsa mahAkavi parimalla kavi jogIdAsa (salemagar3ha) rUpacanda paMDita jogI zrIbhUSaNa (hathakaMta) nandakavi (AmarA) "vimala kIrti banavArI lAla (khataulI)
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________________ jJAnasAgara brahma jJAnabhUSaNa bha. vinA jagabhUSabha bhaTTAraka hIrAnanda zrAvaka brahmagulAla (candravADa) bhagautIdAsa paMDita (saMkisA) candramaNi agravAla ku~arapAla (AgarA) rAvata sAlivAhana (hathakaMta) jagajIvana (AgarA) yati lakSmIcandra (phatahapura) dharmadAsa (AgarA) paM0 manoharadAsa (AgarA) hemarAja pAMDe (AgarA) la. 1610-35 I0 -aneka saM0 pUjApATha, hi. vratakathAe~, tIrthAvalI evaM . phuTakara pada Adi -tattvajJAnataragiNI, paramArthopadeza saMgraha, neminirvANa ___ kAvya paMjikA-hi0 la0 1610-40 I0 -kaI saM0 pUjApATha va sammedASTaka kAvya 1611 I0 -adhyAtmabAvanI 1614 I0 -kRpaNajagAvana caritra, samosaraNa caupaI, vepana kriyA la. 1620-55 I0 -anekArthanAmamAlA, sItAsatu, mRgAMkalekhAcaritra, kaI rAsa, DhamAla, cUnar3I, vratakathAe~, gIta, rUpaka, vinatI Adi lagabhaga 25 hi0 racanAe~ la. 1625 I0 -sItAcaritna 1625-52 I0 -sUktamuktAvalI, samakitabattIsI 1638 I0 -harivaMza purANa 1644 I0 -nATaka samayasAra kI TIkA, banArasI vilAsa kA saMkalana la0 1645 I0 -jJAnArNava-padyAnuvAda -iSTopadeza-bhASAnuvAda 1648 I0 -dharmaparIkSA -hi0 padyAnuvAda 1652-70 I0 -pravacanasAra, samayasAra, paMcAstikAya, gommaTasAra, nayacakra Adi Agamika graMthoM kI bhASA vacanikAe~, bhaktAmara bhASA Adi 1654 I0 -paMcAstikAyasAra-hi0 padyAnuvAda 1656 I0 -sItA caritna kAvya 1660-66 I0 -dharmarAso, aThAraha nAte kI kathA Adi 1665 I0 -samyakttva kaumudI, padmanaMdi paccIsI, Agama vilAsa la0 1665-85 I0 -karakaDukathA (saM0), jina datta caritna, dazalakSaNa udyA pana kathA, aSTAnhikA kathA, bhaktAmara kathA Adi 1665 I0 -padmanaMdipaMcaviMzatikA, samyakttva kaumudI 1669 I0 -zanizcara kathA 1670-1700 I0 -lagabhaga 67 zreSTha padya racanAe~ jo brahma vilAsa meM saMgrahIta haiM -zrIpAla vinoda, samyaktva kaumudI, samyaktva lIlA vilAsa, rAjula pacIsI, kRSNa pacIsI, bhaktAmara caritna kathA, aThArahanAte kI kathA Adi aneka racanAe~ paM0 hIrAnanda (AgarA) kavicandra (AgarA) acalakIrti kAsidAsa (AgarA) vizva bhUSaNa bha0 (hathakaMta) jagatarAma rAjA. viMdrAvana (hathakaMta) bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa (AgarA) vinodI lAla (zahajAdapura)
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________________ jugatarAi (AgarA) bra0 jinadAsa (hathakaMta) bra0 vinaya sAgara (") paM0 ziromaNidAsa dyAnatarAya (AgarA) bulAkIcanda jaisavAla hemarAja (gahelI-iTAvA) bulAkIdAsa paMDita (AgarA) maMgala kavi surendrabhUSaNa bhUdharamalla (AgarA) bhAvasiMha (AgarA) lalitakIrti jagatarAya paMDita (AgarA) jIvarAja (AgarA) harikRSNa pAMDe (aTera) bhArAmalla (pharrukhAbAda) [ 77 1673 I0 -chandaratnAvalI 1675 I0 -harivaMza purANa -rAmAyaNa rAsa -dharmasAra, siddhAnta ziromaNi, urvazI nAmamAlA 1676-1724 I0 ~dyAnata vilAsa aparanAma dharma vilAsa meM saMkalita saikar3oM racanAe~ 1680 I0 -vacanakoza 1685-1720I0 -aneka vratakathAe~ 1690-97 I0 -bhArata bhASA (pAMDava purANa), praznottara zrAvakAcAra 1700 I0 -karmavipAka 1703-43 I0 -RSipaMcamI aura zrutapaMcamI vratakathAeM 1713-32 I0 -pArzva purANa, bhUdhara zataka, caracA samAdhAna 1725-48 I0 -puNyAsravakathA koza, jIvacaritra 1726 I0 -aneka vratakathAeM, siddhacakra pATha, aSTaka dhamAri . 1727 I0 -Agama vilAsa, jJAnAnaMda zrAvakAcAra Adi 1735 I0 -puNyAsravakathAkoza 1742 I0 -aneka vrata kathAe~ 1756 I0 / -cArudatta caritra, saptavyasana caritra, darzana kathA, zIla kathA, rAtri bhojana kathA 1760 I0 -hiMDolanA 1765-78 I0 -siddhAnta sAra dIpaka, jina guNa vilAsa, nAgakumAra caritra, jIvaMdhara caritra, jambUsvAmi caritra, mahIpAla caritra, bhaktAmara kathA Adi 1768 I0 -vardhamAna purANa mahAkAvya 1770-77 I0 -siddhAMtasAra dIpaka, varAMgacaritra 1770-1825 I0 -jinendrapurANa (mahApurANa) 1775 I0 -siddha cakra vidhAna Adi kaI pUjApATha -siMdUra prakaraNa kI vacanikA -yazodhara caritra 1780 I0 -padmanaMdi pacIsI vacanikA, nayacakra vacanikA 1780-85 I0 -sammeda zikhara mahAtmya, zikhara vilAsa . 1785 I0 -ahicchata pArasanAtha stotna aura vidhAna 1786-87 I0 -neminAtha jI ke kavitta, pArasanAtha jI ke kavitta 1788 I0 -svarNAcala mahAtmya (saM0),sammedAcala mahAtmya (saM0), tathA sAta tIrthakareM ke hindI padya meM racita purANa caritra (ajita, saMbhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, candraprabha, vardhamAna) kezodAsa nathamala bilAlA navalazAha (khaTolA grAma) lAlacandra pAMDe (aTera) jinendrabhUSaNa (aTera) saMtalAla sundaralAla lamecu (aTera) bhUrajI agravAla vilAsarAya (iTAvA) gulAbarAi (iTAvA) AsArAma jhunakalAla (zikohAbAda) devadatta dIkSita (hathakaMta-aTera)
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________________ indrajIta " -cAra tIrthaMkaroM ke bhASA purANa (kaMyu, ara, malli, munisuvRta) manasukhasAgara bra0 1789 I0 -RSabha purANa, yazodhara caritra, sammedazikhara mahAtmya, navagRha vidhAna, rakSAbandhana pUjA, sonAgira pUjA sukhasAgara paMDita 1790 I0 --sugaMdha dazamI kathA jIvarAja --mauna ekAdazI kathA dilasukharAya 1794 I0 --sammeda zikhara pUjA cetanakavi 1796 I0 --adhyAtma bAraha khar3I, Atmabodha nAmAvalI sampatarAma 1797 I0 -jJAnasUryodaya nATaka-chandobaddha gopIlAla paravAra (maUrAnIpura) 1800 I0 --nAgakumAra caritra pyArelAla --sadbhASitAvalI-chandobaddha atisukharAya --zrIpAla caritra manaraMgalAla (kannauja) 1800-37 I0 --caubausI pATha, nemicandrikA, saptavyasanacaritra, sammedAcala mahAtmya, saptarSi pUjA, caurAsI jAti jayamAla vijayanAtha mAthura 1804 I0 --vardhamAna purANa kamalanayana buDhelavAla (mainapurI) 1803-20 I0 --jinadatta caritra, varAMgacarita, sammeda zikhara yAtrA varNana, ar3hAIdvIpa pATha, sahastra nAma pATha, paMca kalyANaka pATha, samavasaraNa pUjA vRndAvana dAsa (vArANasI, janma 1791) 1810-48I0 --pravacana sAra paramAgama, chanda zataka, arhatpAsAkevali, satasaiyA, dharmabuddhi maMtrI kathA, caturviMzati-jina pUjApATha, tIsa caubIsI pATha, vRndAvana-vilAsa (phuTakara racanAoM kA saMgraha) lAlacanda (kAzi) 1813 I0 -akRtrima caityAlaya pUjA - bhUdhara mizra (AgarA) 1814 I0 --puruSArtha siddhayupAya vacanikA, carcA samAdhAna ratnasAgara bra0 (hathakaMta) 1818 I0 --paMca parameSTi pUjA mahendrabhUpaNa bha0 (") --jaya kumAra carita zivaprasAda, rAjA, sitArehinda (vArANasA) 1823-95 I0 -itihAsa timira nAzaka, rAjAbhoja kA sapanA Adi hIrAlAla (bar3auta) 1825 I0 -candraprabha purANa bAsIlAla 1827 I0 --vairAgya zataka-bhASA padyAnuvAda manarAkhanalAla (jAmasA) -sudhArasasAra-chandobaddha sadAnanda (bhogAMva) I0 -kaMpilAjI kI ratha yAtrA-chandobaddha harakRSNalAla (hasAgar3ha) --paMca kalyANaka pUjA daulatarAma paM0 (sAsanI-alIgar3ha) 1834 I0 --chahaDhAlA, gyAraha pratimA svarUpa, daMDaka kI cIpAI, paramArtha jakar3I,, daulata vilAsa yA daulata kavitAvalI (lagabhaga 125 padoM Adi kA saMgraha)
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________________ kha - 6 nandarAma (AgarA ) haragulAla (khataulI ) atidAsa (vArANasI) prAgadAsa (mathurA) gulajArIlAla jaisavAla tulasIrAma banavArI lAla chatrapati (phIrojAbAda) nayanasukhadAsa yati ( kAMdhalA ) bhairUlAla (vArANasI) jJAnAnanda (vArANasI) zikharacanda (vArANasI) choTelAla jaisavAla (alIgar3ha) 1847 I0 1849 I0 1850 I0 11 21 7 17 1850-77 I0 1853 I0 1857 I0 1875-85 I0 1875-92 I0 - yogasAra, yazodhara caritra, tailokyasAra pUjA - sajjanacittavallabha - vacanikA ---- jaina rAmAyaNa - chandobaddha (apUrNa) -- jambUsvAmI kI pUjA misTara jaina vaidya ( javAhiralAla ) 1880 - 1909 I0 baladevadAsa pATanI (AgarA ) nAthUrAma lamecu --Atma vilAsa - Adi purANa, jaina vivAha vidhi 1850 - 1900 I0 adbhuta rAma carita, guNadhara caritra, aThArahanAte kI kathA, munivaMza dIpikA, bArahamAsA saMgraha, nayanAnaMda - vilAsa ( aneka phuTakara racanAoM kA saMgraha ) [ 79 - prazna samAdhAna -- madana mohana paMcazatI, udyama prakAza, dvAdazAnuprakSA, brahma gulAla muni caritra, bIsa viharamAna tIrthakara pATha -- paMca kalyANaka pUjA - samaya taraMga, jJAna vilAsa -- vidyamAna vizati jina pUjA, jinasahastranAma pUjA devapUjA (saM0), paMca kalyANaka pATha, caubIsI pATha, dazAdhyAyisUtra bhASA, pada, rekhatA, lAvanI Adi - kamala mohinI bha~varasiMha nATaka, vyAkhyAna prabodhaka, jJAnavarNa mAlA 1893 I0 - AtmAsAra prabodha zataka, jJAna zataka savaiyA, jJAna varNamAlA 1895-1902 I0 - jJAnAnaMda ratnAkara, svAnubhavadarpaNa saTIka, tattvArthaM sUtra kA Azaya, nemIzvara vivAha, jaina vrata kathA ratna, rakSAbandhana kathA, Adi uttara pradeza ke vartamAna zatAbdI (20vIM zatI I0) ke ullekhanIya divaMgata jaina sAhiyakAra haiM- paM0 umarAva paM0 gopAladAsa baraiyA AgarA, paM0 riSabhadAsa cilakAnA, bra0 bhagavAna sAgara mahamUdAbAda, siMha vArANasI, bA0 RSabhadAsa vakIla meraTha, bA0 ratanacanda vakIla ilAhAbAda, bA0 sUrajabhAna vakIla nukur3adevabaMda, lA0 jainIlAla sahAranapura, paM0 pannAlAla nyAyadivAkara fIrojAbAda, paM0 zrIlAla evaM pyArelAla alIgar3ha, paM0 gaurIlAla, paM0 jhummanalAla, bA0 nemIdAsa vakIla sahAranapura, jotI prasAda 'premI' devabaMda, bA0 motIlAla AgarA, bA0 dayAcanda goyalIya, mA0 bihArIlAla 'caitanya' bulandazahara, bholAnAtha 'daraqhazA~' bulandazahara, seTha padamarAja rAnIvAle khurjA, bA0 mAnikacanda, bra0 sItalaprasAda lakhanaU, paM0 gaNeza prasAda varNI, mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna, svAmI karmAnanda, paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' sarasAvA, bairisTara jagamaMdaralAla jainI sahAranapura, bairisTara campata rAya jaina haradoI, bA0 ajita prasAda vakIla lakhanaU, paM0 candra sena jaina vaidya iTAvA, paM0 banArasI dAsa urpha 'dAsa', maMgatarAya 'sAdhu' bulandazahara, DA0 veNI prasAda AgarA, DA0 nihAlakaraNa seThI AgarA, paM0 niddhAmala
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________________ 80 ] kha - 6 sahAranapura, paM0 tulasIrAma vA0 bhU0 bar3Ita, bA0 jagarUpasahAya vakIla eTA, mA0 mukhtyArasiMha (muktyAnaMda) mujaphpharanagara, cAvalI (jilA AgarA) ke paM0 nRsiMhadAsa, paM0 lAlArAma, paM0 mANikyacandra nyA0A0, paM0 khUbacanda si0A0 aura pro0 vimaladAsa kaundeya, AcArya sudharmasAgara, AcArya mahAvIra kIrti, bA0 kAmatA prasAda jaina alIgaMja (eTA), mahendrajI AgarA, DA0 puSyamitra AgarA, DA0 bUlacanda jaina, bhagavat svarUpa 'bhagavata' aitamAdapura (AgarA), phUlacaMda 'puSpedu' lakhanaU, DA0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya vArANasI, paM0 makkhanalAla pracAraka, hariprasAda hari, rAmasvarUpa bhAratIya, Adi / uttara pradeza ke vartamAna ullekhanIya jaina sAhityakAra haiM paM0 makkhanalAla zAstrI 'tilaka' (cAvalI), paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI vArANasI, paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina lakhanaU, paM0 rAjendra kumAra mathurA, pro0 ghAsIrAma jaina meraTha, kalyANa kumAra 'zazi' rAmapura, paM0 parameSThIdAsa lalitapura, sahAranapura ke ayodhyA prasAda goyalIya, digambaradAsa jaina eDavokeTa aura paM0 ratnacandra jaina mukhtAra, bA0 ratanalAla jaina vakIla bijanaura, AgarA ke seTha acalasiMha, zrI dhanyakumAra jaina, upAdhyAya amara muni zrI javAhara lAla loDhA, DA0 bI0ema0 ToMka, DA0 rAjakumAra jaina, zrI pratApa canda jaina, zrIcanda surANA 'sarasa', rAmasiMha jaina, pro0 kapUra canda jaina, DA0 jayakizana prasAda khaMDelavAla aura paM0 balabhadra jaina, AryikAratna jJAnamatI, kSullaka manohara lAla ( sahajAnaMda) varNI, DA0 jagadIza candra jaina, zrI akSaya kumAra jaina, pro0 ananta prasAda lokapAla gorakhapura, pro0 o0 pI0 jaina rur3akI, vArANasI ke DA0 darabArI lAla koThiyA, DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, zrI jamanAlAla, zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' pro0 khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA, paM0 amRtalAla zAstrI, pro0 udayacandra jaina, DA0 gokulacandra jaina, DA0 komala prasAda jaina, DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina, zrI phUlacanda premI aura zrI gaNeza prasAda jaina, DA0 vimala prakAza jaina, paM0 bAbU lAla jaina rAnIkheta, DA0 camanalAla jaina eTA, DA0 zyAma siMha jaina mirjApura, zrI vIrendra prasAda jaina alIgaMja (eTA), bar3auta ke DA0 prema sAgara jaina paM0 sukhanaMdana lAla jaina aura paM0 bAbUlAla jamAdAra, khataulI ke paM0 jayantI prasAda jaina zAstrI, phIrojAbAda ke DA0 lAla bahAdura zAstrI, paM0 zyAma sundara lAla zAstrI, paM kuMjIlAla zAstrI aura pro0 narendra prakAza jaina, alIgar3ha ke pro0 jagavIra kizora jaina evaM DA0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA, paM sumera caMda jaina baharAica, kavi surendrasAgara pracaMDiyA eTA, paM0 saramanalAla jaina saradhanA, DA0 premacanda najIbAbAda, meraTha ke zrI rAjendra kumAra jaina aura vasantalAla jaina, lalitapura ke hukamacaMda tanmaya bukhAriyA, sakarAra ke saramanalAla sarasa evaM hajArI lAla 'kAkA', aura lakhanaU ke zrI jJAnacandra jaina, zrI kailAza bhUSaNa jindala, zrImatI zazi jaina, DA0 pUrNacanda jaina, DA0 pradyumnakumAra jaina, DA0 zazikAnta, zrI ramAkAnta jaina, zrI nanda kizora jaina evaM DA0 umedamala munota, ityAdi / isa prakAra vartamAna zatI meM adyAvadhi lagabhaga 150 jaina vidvAna, sAhityakAra, lekhaka, kavi Adi uttara pradeza meM hue haiM, jinameM se lagabhaga 70-80 vidyamAna haiM aura apane-apane kSetroM meM kAryarata haiN| uparokta sUciyoM meM anabhijJatA ke kAraNa kaI eka ullekhanIya nAma chUTa gaye bho ho sakate haiM-yadi aisA huA hai to usake lie saMpAdaka kSamAprArthI hai|
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________________ uttara pradeza ke jaina patra aura patrakAra <1:00:1 gata lagabhaga Der3ha zatAbdI ke punarutthAna yuga meM sAMskRtika, sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA eka bahuta bar3A sAdhana patra-patrikAoM kA prakAzana evaM pracAra rahA hai / jaina samAja eka ati alpasaMkhyaka samAja hote hue bhI eka adhikAMzataH madhya vitta, zikSita evaM prabuddha samAja rahI hai, ataH isa Adhunika pracAra sAdhana kA jainoM ne bhI paryApta prayoga evaM upayoga kiyA hai aura svayaM apanI aneka uttama patra-patrikAe~ nikAlane tathA saphalatA pUrvaka unake saMcAlana ke atirikta sArvajanika kSetra kI patrakAritA ko bhI kaI zreSTha patrakAra pradAna kiye haiM / patrakAritA aura chApekhAne ( mudraNakalA) kA prAyaH avinAbhAvI sambandha hai / sarvaprathama jJAta mudrita pustaka 868 I0 meM cIna meM chapI thI, 15vIM zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga yuropa (jarmanI) meM mudraNa kA prArambha huA aura bhAratavarSa kA sarvaprathama chApAkhAnA goA meM 1556 I0 meM sthApita huA thA, jisameM usI varSa lAtInI bhASA meM IsAI dharma kI eka pustaka chapI thI / bhAratIya bhASAoM meM 1616 I0 meM rAyatUra ke chApekhAne meM chapI marAThI bhASA kI krAisTapurANa nAmaka pustaka thI, aura hindI kI sarvaprathama chapI pustaka bambaI ke kuriyara presa meM 1823 I0 meM mudrita viduranIti thI / hindI bhASA aura nAgarI lipi meM mudrita sarvaprathama jaina pustaka paM. banArasIdAsa kRta sAdhuvandanA 1850 I0 meM AgarA meM chapI thii| sAmayika patra-patrikAoM meM bhAratavarSa kA sarvaprathama samAcArapatra 1700 I0 meM prakAzita aMgrejI bhASA kA baMgAla gajaTa thA, urdU kA sarvaprathama akhabAra jAma- i - jahAMnumA 1822 meM, aura hindI kA udanta mArttaNDa 1826 meM kAnapura se prakAzita huA thA / jainoM kA sarvaprathama jJAta samAcArapatra gujarAtI mAsika jaina- divAkara 1875 I0 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA, aura hindI kA sarvaprathama jaina patra sAptAhika 'jaina' 1884 I0 meM pharrukhanagara se prakAzita huA thA / uttara pradeza kA sarvaprathama jaina patra sambhavatayA digambara jaina mahAsabhA dvArA mathurA se 1894 I0 meM prakAzita sAptAhika hindI 'jainagajaTa' thA, jo aba taka barAbara cAlU yadyapi aba aneka varSoM se vaha ajamera se prakAzita hotA hai / uttara pradeza se hI aMgrejI kI sarvaprathama patrikA 'jaina gajaTa' 1904 I0 meM nikalanA prArambha huI aura lagabhaga 50 varSoM taka calatI rahI / isa prakAra lagabhaga eka sau varSa pUrva jaina patra-patrikAoM kA nikalanA jo prArambha huA to unakI saMkhyA evaM vividhatA meM uttarottara vRddhi hotI gaI / zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne 1938 I0 ( jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhA. 5 ki. 1 pR. 42-45 ) meM jo sarvekSaNa diyA thA usake anusAra taba taka lagabhaga 110 jaina - patra-patrikAe~ nikalakara bhUtakAlIna bana cukI thIM aura 66 usa samaya vartamAna thiiN| san 1958 meM prakAzita apanI pustaka 'prakAzita jaina sAhitya' kI prastAvanA (pR.63, 65-67 ) meM hamane sUcita kiyA thA ki taba taka lagabhaga 250 jaina sAmAyika patrapatrikAe~ nikala cukI thIM jinameM se lagabhaga 150 to astagata ho cukI thIM aura lagabhaga 100 cAlU thIM / vartamAna meM aisA anumAna hai ki gata sau varSoM ke bIca hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, kannaDa, tAmila, baMgalA, urdU aura aMgrejI
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________________ 82 ] kha-6 bhASAoM kI, sAptAhika, pAkSika, mAsika, dvaimAsika, traimAsika, vArSika Adi lagabhaga tIna sau jaina patra-patrikAe~ bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna sthAnoM se prakAzita huI haiN| inameM se lagabhaga130 vartamAna haiM, zeSa alpAdhika kAla taka calakara banda ho cakI haiM / svayaM uttara pradeza meM vartamAna meM lagabhaga 25 jena patra-patrikAe~ nikala rahIM haiM, aura pradeza kI astagata athavA kAlAntara meM anyatra sthAnAMtarita patra-patrikAoM meM kaI vizeSa ullekhanIya rahI haiM, yathA jainagajaTa (aMgrejI mAsika lakhanaU), jainagajaTa (hindI sAptAhika), jaina hosTala megajIna (aMgrejI mAsika, ilAhAbAda), anekAMta (hindI mAsika, vIra sevAmandira sarasAvA), jaina pradIpa (urdU pAkSika, devabanda), sanAtana jaina (hi. mA., bulandazahara), jJAnodaya (hi. mA., vArANasI), jJAnapITha-patrikA (hi. mA., vArANasI), divyadhvani (hi. mA., AgarA), ityaadi| jaina patrakAritA ke kSetra meM kArya karane vAle uttara pradeza ke divaMgata mahAnubhAvoM meM ullekhanIya rahe haiMbA0 sUrajabhAna vakIla devabanda (hi. jJAna prakAzaka, u. jainahita upadezaka, Adi), paM. gopAladAsa baraiyA AgarA (jainamina), AcArya jugala kizora mukhtAra sarasAvA (jaina hitaiSI, jainagajaTa, samantabhadra, anekAnta), bra. sItala prasAda lakhanaU (jainamitra), bairisTara jagamandaralAla jainI sahAranapura evaM bA. ajita prasAda vakIla lakhanaU (aMgrejI jaina gajaTa), zrI jyoti prasAda 'premI' devabanda (urdU jaina pradIpa, Adi), maMgatarAya mukhtAra 'sAdhu' bulandazahara (sanAtana jaina), lA. kapUracanda jaina AgarA (jaina sandeza), seTha padmarAja rAnIvAle khurjA (kAvyAmbudhi, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, jainA eMTIkverI), bA. kAmatA prasAda jaina alIgaMja (vIra, ahiMsAvANI, vAyasa Apha ahiMsA. Adi), paM. zrIlAla alIgar3ha, candrasena naidya iTAvA, pradeza ke vartamAna jaina patrakAroM meM ullekhanIya haiM-paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI vArANasI (jaina sandeza). zrI javAhara lAla lor3hA AgarA (zvetAmbara jaina), DA. jyotiprasAda jaina lakhanaU (jaina siddhAnta bhAskara-jainA enTIkverI, jaina sandeza-zodhAMka, vAyasa Apha ahiMsA-vartamAna, tathA bhUtapUrva-jainakumAra, chAtra, mAnasI, anekAnta, ahiMsAvANI Adi), paM. parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha lalitapura (vIra, jainamina), paM. rAjendrakumAra nyAyatIrtha matharA (jaina saMskRti), DA. mohanalAla mehatA vArANasI (zramaNa), zrI jamanAlAla jaina vArANasI (jaina jagata, zramaNa), paM.. balabhadra jaina (jaina sandeza, divyadhvani), zrI ayodhyA prasAda goyalIya sahAranapura (jJAnodaya), zrIcanda sarANA AgarA (amara bhAratI), paM. paramAnanda zAstrI dillI (anekAnta), DA0 lAlabahAdura zAstrI dillI evaM zrI kAza jaina phirojAbAda (padmAvatI sandeza), zrI vIrendra prasAda jaina alIgaMja (ahiMsAvANI evaM vAyasa Apha ahiMsA), zrI rAjendra kumAra jaina meraTha (vIra), zrI sukumAra jaina meraTha (mahAvIra nirvANa buleTina), zrI akSaya kumAra jaina dillI (vIra-parinirvANa), zrI motI canda sarrApha (samyakjJAna), zrI gordhanadAsa AgarA (diga.-jaina), jinendra prakAza jaina eTA (karuNAdIpa), paM. kailAzacandra paMcaratna lakhanaU (satyArtha evaM dharmavANI), zrI nandakizora jaina lakhanaU (jJAnakIrti), zrI pratApacanda jaina AgarA (amara bhAratI), Adi / uttara pradeza ke nivAsI jina jainoM ne sArvajanika patrakAritA ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya kArya kiyA hai yA kara rahe haiM, ve haiM--sva. zrI mahendra jI AgarA (sAhitya sandeza, AgarA paMca Adi), zrI ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya (jJAnodaya), zrI akSayakumAra jaina pa. vi. (navabhArata TAimsa), zrI jJAnacandajaina (navajIvana), zrI Ananda prakAza jaina, zrI jJAnendra kumAra jaina, zrI zaradakumAra 'sAdhaka' (caurAhA), Adi / uttara pradeza kI vartamAna jaina patra-patrikAeM bhASA prakAra prakAzana sthAna 1. jaina sandeza hindI sAptAhika bhA. di. jaina saMgha, caurAsI mathurA nAma
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________________ [ 83 2. zvetAmbara jaina 3. diga-jaina 4. vIra pAkSika motI kaTarA, AgarA jauharI bAjAra, AgarA bhA. di. jaina pariSada, 69, tIragarAna sTrITa, meraTha zahara dayA prakAza jaina, eTA pulagAmA cauka, lakhanaU sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaMDI, AgarA vizva jaina mizana, alIgaMja (eTA) mAsika 5. karuNAdIpa 6. satyArtha 7. amara bhAratI 8. ahiMsAvANI 9. vAyasa Apha ahiMsA 10. RSabha sandeza 11. samyagjJAna aMgrejI hindI 12. zramaNa 13. jaina saMskRti 14. varNI sandeza 15. padmAvatI sandeza 16. jJAnakIrti 17. dharmavANI 18. anekAnta RSabha brahmacaryAzrama, caurAsI, mathurA di.jai. triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha) pA.vi. zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI jai.saM.sevaka samAja, caurAsI, mathurA dhUliyAgaMja, AgarA phirojAbAda cauka, lakhanaU dvaimAsika taimAsika 19. prAcyamuktA 20. jaina sandeza-zodhAGka 21. dizAbodha . 22. satsaMga sandeza mUlataH vIra sevAmandira sarasavA kA mukhapatna, aba dillI se prakAzita hai prA.vi. zodha akAdamI, curArA, jhAMsI bhA.di. je. saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA jaina sabhA, rur3akI vi.vi., rur3akI jaina satsaMga maMDala, sAdatagaMja, lakhanaU vArSika uparokta ke atirikta pradeza ke kaI jaina vidyAlayoM, kAlijoM Adi kI bhI vArSika meMgajIna nikalatI haiM, jinameM syAdvAdavidyAlaya kI syAdvAda patrikA acchI nikalatI hai| kucha anya patra-patrikAe~ aisI bhI ho sakatI haiM jinake viSaya meM anabhijJatA hone se unakA ullekha Upara nahIM kiyA jA skaa|
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________________ uttara pradeza ke jaina svatantratA senAnI vartamAna zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM deza meM rASTrIya cetanA phaMkane aura rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ke netRtva meM rASTrIya kAMgresa dvArA svatantratA prApti ke hetu videzI zAsana ke viruddha kiye gaye cirakAlIna saMgharSa evaM svAtantrya saMgrAma meM uttara pradeza ke vibhinna jiloM ke nivAsI jina jaina strI-puruSoM ne sakriya bhAga liyA hai, unameM se ullekhanIya svatantratA senAniyoM kA jilevAra saMkSipta paricaya nIce likhe anusAra hai : meraTha jilA bA0 kIti prasAda vakIla, meraTha-mahAtmA gAMdhI ke Andolana ke prArambha se hI sakriya sahayogI the| apanI acchI calatI vakAlata chor3a kara 1921 ke asahayoga Andolana meM kUda par3e aura jela yAtrA bhI kii| vakAlata phira nahIM kI, aura zeSa jIvana rASTrasevA, samAjasevA tathA eka gurukula kI dekha bhAla meM vyatIta kiyaa| unake anuja bA0 risAlasiMha vakIla ne bhI asahayoga Andolana meM sotsAha bhAga liyA thA, kintu pArivArika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vakAlata nahIM chor3I thii| lA0 atara sena dezabhakta, meraTha--bar3e garama kAMgresI kAryakartA the, urdU meM 'dezabhakta' akhabAra nikAlate the jo kaI bAra sarakAra dvArA jabta huA / san 1921 aura 1930 ke AndolanoM meM jela yAtrAe~ bhI kii| bA0 girilAla mukhtAra, meraTha--bar3e utsAhI kAMgresI kAryakartA the, 1930-31 ke Andolana meM jela yAtrA kii| lA0 sundara lAla jaina, meraTha-ne 1930-31 meM kAMgresa sevA dala meM kArya kiyA aura 1942 ke Andolana meM sakriya bhAga lekara jela yAtrA bhI kii| mAsTara pRthvI siMha jaina--bhI prArambha meM kAMgresa sevA dala ke sadasya rahe, tadanantara kAMgresa ke acche kAryakartAoM meM rahate Aye hai| 'bhArata chor3o Andolana' meM jela yAtrA bhI kii| jyoti prasAda jaina, meraTha--(pra0 sampAdaka prastuta grantha) bhI 1929-31 meM kAMgresa sevA dala ke sakriya sadasya rahe, jisake kAraNa eka varSa kI par3hAI kI bhI hAni kii| sevAdala ke kArya ke atirikta samAja meM khAdI ke pracAra aura jinamandira ke rezamI va makhamalI veSThana, parade, caMdoyoM Adi ke sthAna meM khAdI ke lagavAne meM kAphI yoga diyaa| bA0 sukhabIra siMha mukhtAra--bhI kAMgresa ke bar3e utsAhI kAryakartA rahe aura AMdolanoM meM bhAga lene ke 'lie jela yAtrAeM kii| dharmapatnI bAbU umarAva siMha mukhtAra-bhI kAMgresa kI acchI kAryayartA rhiiN|
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________________ [ 85 1921-42 rASTrIyatA kI eka ajaba lahara thI, jisameM meraTha zahara evaM sadara ke anya aneka jaina yuvakoM evaM praur3hoM ne tathA kaI mahilAoM ne bhI utsAha ke sAtha bhAga liyA thaa| bA0 kAmatA prasAda mukhtAra bar3auta--bar3e krAntikArI kAryakartA the-hiMsaka AMdolana meM bhI unakA sakriya yoga rahA, jela yAtrA bhI kii| kasbe bar3auta ke kaI anya jainoM ne bhI kAMgresa AMdolana meM bhAga liyaa| paM0 zIlacanda nyAyatIrtha, mavAnA-ne 1942 ke bhArata chor3o AMdolana meM DaTakara bhAga liyA aura pulisa ko cakamA dene meM saphala rahe / mavAnA tahasIla ke Apa tabhI se pramukha kAMgresI kAryakartA rahate Aye haiM / lA0 catara sena khadara vAle saradhanA--bhI zuddha khAdIdhArI evaM kAMgresa ke acche kAryakartA rahe haiM / seTha bhagavatI prasAda jaina hApur3a-bhI kAMgresa ke acche kAryakartA rahate Aye haiN| khekar3A ke nikaTa bar3A gAMva ke yuvaka zItala prasAda ne syAdvAda vidyAlaya vArANasI ke chAtroM dvArA 1942 meM kiye gaye ugra AMdolana meM agraNI bhAga liyA thA aura pulisa ke hAthoM bhISaNa yaMtraNAeM sahI thiiN| __ mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna jI-uttara pradeza ke hI mUlataH nivAsI pallIvAla jaina the aura hastinApura (jilA meraTha) meM zrI RSabha brahmacaryAzrama kI sthApanA (lagabhaga 1914 I0) ke sAtha hI usake adhiSThAtA hue the aura taba bhI 'mahAtmA' kahalAte the / bharI javAnI meM hI gRhasthI se virakta hokara rASTra aura janatA kI sevA kA unhoMne vrata le liyA thA aura san 1918 meM hI, zAyada anya saba kAMgresiyoM se pahale, videzI zAsana ke virodhI vicAroM evaM kAryoM ke lie jela gaye the| rASTrapitA gAMdhI jI se zAyada pahale se hI 'mahAtmA' kahalAne vAle sArvajanika kSetra ke yaha apane DhaMga ke anokhe tyAgI evaM nispRha mahAtmA the| unakA pUrA jIvana jana sAmAnya kI sevA meM biitaa| unake bhAgineya, prasiddha sAhityakAra jainendra kumAra hastinApura ke ukta brahmacaryAzrama ke prAraMbhika chAtroM meM se the aura rASTrabhakti se ota-prota rahe haiM tathA usake kAraNa jela yAtrA bhI kI hai| sahAranapura jilA zrI jyoti prasAda jaina 'premI' devabanda -'jaina pradIpa' (urdU) ke yazasvI saMpAdaka zrI jyoti prasAda 'premI' ne 1920-21 ke asahayoga Andolana meM bar3e utsAha ke sAtha sakriya bhAga liyA / kA~gresa-saMgaThana ko majabUta banAne, tilaka svarAjya phaMDa kA candA ekatra karane aura jozIle bhASaNa dene meM apane kSetra meM agraNI the| giraphtAra bhI he| 1930 ke Andolana ko unase bala milaa| apane patra 'jaina pradIpa' meM ve barAbara rASTra ke sAtha rahe, 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gAndhI' lekha para mAMgI jamAnata ke kAraNa hI 'jaina pradIpa' banda huA thaa| mRtyu paryanta ve khAdI pahanate rahe aura usake lie sadaiva yuvakoM ko protsAhita karate rhe| bAbU jhUmana lAla jaina, sahAranapura-1920 meM apanI camakatI vakAlata ko chor3akara ve rAjanIti meM Aye, anta taka kAMgresa ke sAtha rhe| spaSTa vaktA, paine lekhaka aura saMyamI kAryakartA the / san 1932 meM unhoMne jela yAtrA bhI kii| zrI haMsa kumAra jaina-17-18 sAla kI umra meM hI, 1930 meM rur3akI chAvanI meM phojoM ko bhar3akAne ke aparAdha meM unheM 4 sAla kI sakhta kaida kI sajA sunAI gii| 1932 aura 1942 meM bhI ve jela gaye aura sadaiva vahA~ kA kaThora vAtAvaraNa unakI baMzI-dhvani aura madhura rAgoM se thirakatA rhaa| apane pitA bAbU jhUmana lAla jI kI taraha vaha bhI nispRha aura sarala rhe|
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________________ 4 86 ] kha - 6 bAbU ajita prasAda jaina vakIla, sahAranapura- Apa kA sahAranapura hI nahIM, prAnta evaM kendra kI rAjanIti meM bhI ullekhanIya sthAna rahA hai| Apa kAMgresa kI ora se san 1936 se esembalI ke sadasya rahe aura vidhAna nirmAtrI pariSada meM ekamAtra jaina sadasya the| uttara pradeza kAMgresa ke adhyakSa, kendrIya mantrimaNDala meM khAdyamaMtrI evaM eka rAjya ke rAjyapAla bhI rhe| uttara pradeza ke kisAna kAnUna ke pramukha vidhAtA rhe| zrImatI lakSmIdevI jaina, sahAranapura, dharmapatnI zrI ajita prasAda jaina- apane pati ke rAjanItika jIvana meM preraka aura sahayoginI rahIM, kAMgresa ke kAryoM meM sadA bhAga letI rahIM aura pramANita kAMgresI jela yAtrI bhI haiM / Apa ke sAtha Apa kI kucha mAsa kI putrI 'DhoI' bhI jela meM rhii| zrI vizAla candra jaina - rASTrIya vicAroM ke dezabhakta rhe| svatantratA ke uparAnta varSo AnarerI majisTreTa rahakara janatA kI sevA kI hai / zrI hulAza candra jaina, rAmapura (ji0 sahAranapura ) - 1920 se hI ve kAMgresa ke kAma meM dilacaspI lene lage the / 1930 meM devabanda tahasIla ko jalAne meM unhoMne rAta-dina mehanata kI aura jela gaye / 1942 meM bhI unheM kAphI dina jela meM rahanA par3A / zrI mAmacanda jaina devabanda (ji0 sahAranapura ) - - 1930 meM ve apane gambhIra nAroM aura mIThe elAnoM ke ke sAtha kAMgresa meM Aye / eka dina hathakar3iyA~ pahane ve sahAranapura jela pahuMca gaye / zrI triloka canda jaina, sahAranapura- bI0 e0 kI sArTIphikeTa ThukarAkara unhoMne bAgI sArTIphikeTa liyA aura taba se ve barAbara kAMgresa ke utsAhI kAryakartA rhe| zrI prakAzacandra jaina, sahAranapura --- 1942 meM kAMgresa meM Aye aura jela gye| vahIM isa honahAra yuvaka kI mRtyu ho gayI / har3atAla kI AhutiyA~ -- 9 agasta 1942 ko saba netA giraphtAra ho gaye aura sahAranapura meM har3atAla ho gayI / pariNAmasvarUpa aneka logoM ko jela meM ThUMsa diyA gayA, jisameM nimnalikhita jainoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiMzrI zikharacanda munIma -6 mAsa sakhta kaida, zrI prakAzacanda munIma 3 mAsa sakhta kaMda va 300) ru0 kA artha- daNDa, zrI bAbU rAma jaina-6 mAsa sakhta kaMda, zrI kailAsa canda jaina-6 mAsa sakhta kaida tor3a-phor3a ke aparAdha meM jaina samAja ke yazasvI taruNa kavi zrI zAnti svarUpa jaina 'kusuma' 1942 meM jile ke una taruNoM meM the jinhoMne Andolana ke sthAna meM krAMti kA rAstA pkdd'aa| kucha dinoM meM ve pulisa kI AMkhoM meM gar3a gaye aura pakar3e gaye / kaulAza prasAda, maMgalakiraNa Adi anya kaI acche kAryakarttA sahAranapura meM rahe haiM / zrI ayodhyA prasAda goyalIya, jo aba sahAranapura meM hI basa gaye haiM, kisI samaya ugra svatantratA senAnI rahe aura 1932 ke namaka satyAgraha meM do varSa kA kArAvAsa bhugata cuke haiN| bijanaura jilA bA0 ratanalAla jaina vakIla, bhUtapUrva ema0 esa0 sI0bijanaura jile ke kisAnoM ke prANa, DhAI hajAra rupaye lagAna ke chor3a diye, apane ghara ke lagabhaga 2 hajAra rupaye ke makhamala taMjeba Adi ke videzI kapar3oM kI bijanaura ke bAjAra meM holI jalA dii| jaina samAja ke nisvArtha rASTrabhaktoM meM bAbU ratanalAla pramukha rahe haiM / vaha 1921 meM hI vakAlata chor3akara kAMgresa ke kArya meM juTa gaye the aura giraphtAra hue the tathA 500 ru0 jurmAnA huA thA, kiMtu
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________________ [ 87 unakI vIra patnI ne usa jurmAne ko nahIM diyA aura na sarakAra vasUla hI kara skii| isake bAda jaba namaka kAnUna tor3A jA rahA thA, inake ghara para hI namaka banAyA gayA, bijanaura jile ke sabhI kAryakartA upasthita the| taiyAra kiye gaye namaka kI bolI bA0 rAjendra kumAra jI kI mAtA jI ne 1200 ru. meM lii| bA0 ratanalAla apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha giraphtAra ho gaye aura lagabhaga 3 sAla kI sajA bhugatakara vApasa Aye / Apa ke pitA lA. hIrAlAla jI bImAra the kintu gAMdhI jI dvArA kAMgresa AMdolana kI AjJA prApta hote hI Apa phira se giraphtAra hokara 2 varSa taka aura jela ke atithi rhe| tadanantara yU0pI0 esembalI ke sadasya cune gaye / vaha phira jela meM baMda hue| rASTrIya jAgrati aura svatantratA saMgrAma meM Apa kA bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA hai| svatantratA prApti ke bAda varSoM u0 pra0 vidhAna pariSada ke sadasya rhe| bA0 nemIzaraNa jaina eDavokeTa-bA. ratanalAla jI ke utsAhI sAthI rhe| 1921 taka to Apa 'amana sabhA' ke vAisa ceyaramaina rahe aura kAMgresa ke viruddha kArya kiyaa| isake bAda Apa kI ruci kAMgresa meM ho gii| aura jela ke mehamAna bane / san 22-28-42 meM bhI Apane jela kI yAtrAeM kii| kAMgresa ke TikaTa para ema. ela. sI. bhI rahe / phUDa kameTI ke ceyaramaina bhI rahe / zrImatI zIlavatI devI-dharmapatnI bA0 nemIzaraNa ne kAMgresa ke lie apane sukha ko tilAMjali de dI aura do bAra jela gyiiN| Apa kI santAna bhI lagabhaga sabhI rASTrIya sevA ke lie tatpara rhii| ravicandra jaina zAstrI kI dharmapatnI premalatA devI bhI unakI sahayoginI rhiiN| bA0 mulezacandra, najIbAbAda-sAha parivAra ke utsAhI yuvaka kAMgresa kAryakartA rhe| 3 bAra jela yAtrA kii| bAda meM najIbAbAda phaDa kameTI kA prabandha kiyaa| kAnapura jilA vaidyarAja kanhaiyAlAla--Apa bhArata ke pramukha vaidyoM meM rahe haiN| yukta prAntIya vaidya sammelana ke sabhApati tathA bhA. vaidya sammelana ke koSAdhyakSa bhI rhe| bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka dvArA calAye svadezI Andolana ke samaya Apa bambaI meM svadezI vrata dhAraNa kiyA thaa| san 30 ke Andolana meM 6 mAsa ke lie jela gaye / kAMgresa kI ora se myUnisipala borDa kAnapura ke sadasya bhI rhe| dharmapatnI vaidyarAja kanhaiyAlAla--Apa ko svadezI se bar3A prema thA / Apa ke kAraNa jaina samAja kI tathA nagara kI striyoM meM svadezI kA kAphI pracAra huA thaa| 1931 ke Andolana meM jaba kAMgresa avaidha thI aura kAnapUra meM ya0 pI0 kAMgresa kA jalasA bA. puruSottama dAsa TaNDana ke sabhApatitva meM huA to usakI svAgatAdhyakSa banane ke kAraNa Apa ko 6 mAha kA kArAvAsa huA thaa| AyurvedAcArya mahezacanda jaina-vaidyarAja ke majhale puna haiN| Apa ne kAnapura ke jaina ajaina navayuvakoM meM kAMgresa prema utpanna kiyaa| san 1940 meM Apa ne 2 mAha kA kArAvAsa bhugtaa| / bA0 sundaralAla jaina-Apa vaidyarAja kanhaiyAlAla ke sabase bar3e putra haiM, san 1940 ke Andolana meM 1 varSa ke lie jela gye| mujaphpharanagara jilA bA0 sumati prasAda bI.e. vakIla--jile ke pramukha kAMgresI netA rahe haiM / san 1921 meM Apa ne do varSa ke lie vakAlata chor3I, san 30 va 32 meM kAMgresa AMdolanoM meM sajA pAI va jela gaye / 1941-42 meM kAMgresa
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________________ 88 ] AMdolana meM najarabanda rahe / svatantratA prApti ke bAda ema0ela0sI0 aura tadanantara varSoM taka loka sabhA ke sadasya lAlA ugrasena--san 1919 se kAMgresa meM kArya kiyA hai / gAMdhI jI ke ananya bhakta rahe / Apa ke kula parivAra meM khAdI kA hI prayoga hotA rahA / san 30 va 32 meM jela yAtrA kI aura san 41 va 42 meM najara banda rhe| lA. banavArIlAla carathAvala--khAdI ke prayoga, saccAI va ImAnadArI ke lie ati prasiddha rhe| san 1930 meM jela yAtrA kii| lA. cunnIlAla carathAvala--Apa lAlA banavArI lAla ke suputra haiM / san 41 va 42 meM jelayAtrA kii| lA0 ulaphata rAya--Apa ne sadA zuddha khAdI kA prayoga kiyaa| san 30 va 32 va 42 meM jela yAtrAe~ kii| bA0 dIpacanda vakIla--san 42 meM jela yAtrI rhe| bA0 mAratacanda--san 42 ke AMdolana meM kAleja chor3A va jela yAtrA kii| bA0 akalaMka prasAda bI. e.-san 42 meM jela yAtrA kii| bA. mAmacanda-ne san 42 meM jela yAtrA kii| lAlA sukhavIra siMha ghI vAle ne san 42 meM jela yAtrA kii| bA0 Ananda prakAza--Apa krAMtikArI dala ke sadasya the, san 1942 meM jela yAtrA kii| lA. gendanalAla--rASTrIya vicAra ke vyakti rahe aura sadaiva zuddha khAdI kA prayoga kiyA hai| bA0 premacanda--ne san 42 meM kAleja chor3A aura jela yAtrA kii| deharAdUna jilA zrI narendra kumAra jaina bI. e.--jilA sahAranapura ke devabanda kasbe ke nivAsI haiM / sArvajanika kAryoM meM Apa kI prArambha se hI ruci rhii| san 42 ke AMdolana meM sahapAThiyoM ke sAtha svatantratA saMgrAma meM kUda par3e aura hirAsata meM le liye gaye, jela meM bhI rahe / rAmapura jilA rAmapura ke prasiddha kavi evaM gaidya zrI kalyANakumAra 'zazi' (janma 1907 I0) 1924 se hI pakke kAMgresI rahe aura 1930 meM 6 mAha ke lie jela yAtrA kI, tathA kucha kAla taka satyAgraha Azrama murAdAbAda ke adhyakSa bhI rahe / murAdAbAda jilA muMzI gendanalAla, sammala-eka vakIla ke muharira the, va murAdAbAda kI jaina sevA samiti ke kaipTana the| vaha deza ke dIvAne the| san 21 meM rASTrIya AMdolana meM kUda pdd'e| san 31 meM jela gaye, jela meM bImAra ho gaye, 6 mAsa ke bAda bAhara Aye to cArapAI kI zaraNa lI aura bhayaMkara roga yantraNA se pIr3ita hokara kevala 41 varSa kI avasthA meM hI cala base /
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________________ [ 89 zrImatI gaMgA devI Apa jaina samAja ke khyAti prApta muMzI mukundarAmajI kI putrI thIM aura murAdAbAda se rASTrIya progrAma meM bhAga lene vAlI Apa hI ekamAtra jaina mahilA thIM / kAMgresa pleTaphArma para bar3e-bar3e vyAkhyAna diye aura jela yAtrA kI / kha- 6 hakIma Tekacanda, thor3I---Apa solahoM jAne gAMdhI bAbA ke cele rahe aura grAma sevA meM lage rhe| zrI sipAhI lAlA, rAjayala-- san 41 se hI rASTrIya vicAra rakhate haiN| san 42 ke AMdolana meM chipe rahakara pracAra kiyA aura apanA sampUrNa jIvana deza sevA meM lgaayaa| lAla kezozaraNa grAma hariyAnA kI, san 42 ke AMdolana meM sthAnIya korTa meM jAkara giraphtAra hue aura lambe samaya taka kArAvAsa meM rahe aura Apa kI patnI bhI sakhta bImAra rahIM, para Apa ne utkaTa deza sevI aura kAMgresa kAryakartA rhe| kaI bAra jelayAtrA rASTrIya dhvajArohaNa kiyA aura AjAdI kA saMdeza sunAyA, jela jIvana meM hI Apa kI priya putrI kA zarIrAnta huA, paravAha na kii| AgarA jilA seTha acala siMha - Apa Agare ke prasiddha evaM sarvapramukha rASTrIya netA rahate Aye haiM aura kAMgresa kI ora se yuktaprAntIya dhArA sabhA ke sana 1936 se sadasya rahe tathA svatantratA prApti ke bAda se loka sabhA ke sadasya rahate Aye haiM / aneka bAra jela yAtrA kI hai| jilA kAMgresa kameTI ke aneka bAra sabhApati rahe / aMcala grAma sevA saMgha ke saMsthApaka haiM / bAbU cAMdamala jaina vakIla- Apa zvetAmbarI osavAla jaina samAja ke pramukha kAryakartA the| 1921 ke rASTrIya Andolana meM bhAga liya thaa| usa samaya kI nokarazAhI nIca se nIca kArya karane meM nahIM cUkatI thI, Apako iMTaroM se pITA gayA thA aura kaThina kArAvAsa bhI bhugatanA par3A thA / seTha ratana lAla jaina - Apa sthAnakavAsI agravAla the aura lohe ke bahuta bar3e vyApArI the| Apane 1936 se hI rASTrIya sevA meM bhAga liyA tathA 1942 ke Andolana meM najarabanda hokara kArAgRha meM bheja diye gaye the, jahA~ se 1 mAha bAda chor3e gaye / Apa vArDa kAMgresa kameTI ke sadasya tathA adhikArI anekoM bAra cune gaye / zrI mahendra jI Apako bacapana se hI sAhityika hone kA cAva thaa| Apa apane nAnA jI ke pAsa rahate the aura "jaisavAla jaina" ke saMpAdaka, sAhityaratna bhaMDAra ke mAlika aura hindI pracAraNI sabhA ke prAyaH sthAyI maMtrI rahe / 1930 ke Andolana meM 'sainika' kI mainejarI kI ora Andolana kI vijJapti bar3e jora-zora se kii| 'sainika' ke banda karavA diye jAne para 'siMhanAda' patra nikAlA jo ki sAikilosTAila prakAzita hotA thaa| gAMdhIiravina pevaTa hone se kucha dina pUrva Apa ko giraphtAra kara liyA gayA aura 6 mAha ke lie jela bheja diyA gayA / 1934 meM bAgare meM AratI samAja ke mAmale meM bhI Apane apane 'AgarA paMca' dvArA janatA kI sarAhanIya sevA kii| 1941 meM Apa sarakAra dvArA najarabanda kara liye gaye aura 7 mAha bAda chor3e gye| punaH 1942 meM jela bheje gaye / ina dinoM ApakA sAhitya presa tathA mAsika 'sAhitya sandeza' sarakAra dvArA banda kara diye gaye / Apako sarakAra ne 2 sAla taka banda rakhA / zrImatI aMgUrI devI (dharmapatnI zrI mahendra jI ) - Apa ko sana 1930 ke Andolana meM 6 mAsa kI kar3I sajA huI thii| Apa hara rASTrIya Andolana meM sahayoga detI rahI haiM, 40-42 ke Andolana meM bhI Apane rilIpha Adi ke kArya meM kAphI sahayoga diyA thaa|
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________________ 90 ] kha-6 lAlA nemIcanda jaina mItala - Apa 1930 ke Andolana meM mahendra jI ke sAtha kAMgresa vijJapti ke prakAzana kA kArya karate the / 'AgarA paMca' ke prakAzaka bhI rhe| vArDa kAMgresa kameTI ke kaI bAra adhikArI va kAMgresa kameTI ke membara rahe / 1942 ke AMdolana meM 'AjAda hindustAna' aura kAMgresa kI vijJaptiyA~ prakAzita kI thiiN| Apa una 14 AdamiyoM meM se eka haiM jina para AgarA SaDayantra bamba kesa calAyA gayA thaa| kiye gaye aura phatehagar3ha jela bheja diye gye| Apa 2 sAla ke lagabhaga jela meM rhe| disambara 1942 meM giraphtAra zrI govinda dAsa jaina - Apa ne bhI 1942 ke AMdolana meM bhAga liyA thA aura zrI nemIcandra ke sahayogI the / Apa ko 2 mAha najarabanda rakhA gayA / zrI baMgAlI mala jaina - 1942 meM pulisa ne Apa ko najarabanda kiyA thA, saMboTeja Adi ke kesa meM phAMsA thaa| kAMgresa minisTrI Ane para Apa chor3a diye gaye / bAbU mAnikacanda jaina - 1930 ke AMdolana meM Apa ko 6 mAsa kI sajA huI thI tathA 1941 meM isa jurma meM najarabanda kiye gaye ki 'AjAda hindustAna' ke kAma meM sahayoga dete rahe, 11 mAsa taka najarabanda rhe| Apa bArDa kAMgresa kameTI ke sadasya rahe / bAbU kapUra canda jaina- Apane 1930 meM apane mahAvIra presa se 'hindustAna samAcAra' nAmaka rASTrIya akhabAra nikAlA thaa| isa aMka ke nikalane ke bAda Apa se 2000) 60 kI jamAnata mAMga lI gayI tathA presa se bhI jamAnata mAMga lI gii| Apa ne jamAnata na dekara lagabhaga 6 mAsa taka apanA presa banda rakhA, 1942 ke AMdolana meM bhI Apa ke presa ko 'AjAda hindustAna' prakAzita karane ke zaka meM banda kara diyA gayA aura 2 sAla taka baMda rakhA gyaa| Apa AMdolana kI hara kAryavAhI meM pUrA-pUrA sahayoga dete the| bAbU nirmala kumAra jaina-Apa ko sarakAra ne 1942 ke AMdolana meM roksI sinemA meM bamba rakhane ke sandeha meM giraphtAra kiyA thaa| kAphI samaya taka jela kI havAlAta bhogI / bAbU gordhanadAsa jaina Apa 1930 ke AMdolana meM jaina sevA maNDala ke upamaMtrI the| maMDala ne yaha nizcaya kiyA thA ki maMdiroM meM khAdI ke vastra pahinakara loga darzana karane jAveM tathA khAdI ke vastra hI vahA~ istemAla hoM / Apane isa kArya ke lie satyAgraha taka kiyA / 1940 ke AMdolana meM bhI Apane kAphI bhAga liyA thA / 1942 ke AMdolana meM to pulisa ne Apako isa abhiyoga meM ki Apa gupta rIti se AMdolana kA saMcAlana karate haiM tathA 'AjAda hindustAna' kA prakAzana aura saMpAdana karate haiM, niraphtAra kara liyaa| Der3ha sAla taka najarabanda rakhA gayA / Apa vArDa evaM jilA kAMgresa kameTI ke sadasya evaM padAdhikArI bhI rahe haiM / - bAbU kizana lAla - 1930 ke AMdolana meM Apa ko kArAvAsa huA hArDI bamba kesa ke Apa bhI / abhiyukta rhe| Apa 1940 ke AMdolana meM najarabanda kiye gaye, phira 1942 meM Apa ko 9 agasta se pUrva hI krAntikArI hone ke kAraNa pulisa ne najarabanda kara diyA thA tathA lagabhaga 2 sAla bAda Apa ko chodd'aa| bAbU cimmana lAla - Apa ko 1942 ke AMdolana meM dhvaMsAtmaka kArya karane ke aparAdha meM giraphtAra kiyA gayA thaa| jaba kesa sAbita nahIM ho sakA to najarabanda kara diyA gyaa| Apa ko sarakAra ne krAntikArI mAnA thA / Apa vArDa kAMgresa kameTI ke utsAhI kAryakartA rahe / zrI zyAmalAla satyArthI -- Apako 1930 ke AMdolana meM 6 mAsa kI kar3I sajA huI thii| Apa kI patnI tathA putra isI bIca meM svarga sidhAra gaye the|
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________________ [ 91 zrImatI zarabatI devI - Apa svargIya bAbU sAMmaladAsajI kI suputrI thIM, 1930 ke AMdolana meM Apako kArAvAsa meM kaThora sajA bhugatanI par3I thI, bAda meM arjikA ho gyiiN| kha --- 6 bAbU pratApacanda - Apa ne 1930 meM kAMgresa kI Arthika sahAyatA ke lie bahuta udyoga kiyA thA / bAbU kapUracaMda va nemIcaMda jaina ke mitra hone ke kAraNa Apa sarakArI nokarI se muattala kara diye gaye the| bAbU phUlacanda baravAsiyA - phUlacaMda bajAja, pyArelAla bajAja Adi ne san 1930 ke hI AMdolana se rASTrIya kArya kiyA, khAdI pracAra ke kArya meM tathA digambara jaina maMdiroM meM khAdI ke pracAra ke lie kAphI udyoga kiyA / sana 1942 ke AMdolana meM bhI kAphI sahayoga diyA thA / lAlA karor3I mala Apa sana 1930 se kAMgresa ke mukhya kAryakartA rahe, usa AMdolana meM khAdI ke pracAra ke lie satyAgraha kiyA thA tathA 1942 ke AMdolana meM bhI bahuta kAma kiyA thaa| sarakAra ke guptacara vibhAga ne ApakI bhI dekharekha kI thI / -- lA0 motIlAla - Apa kAMgresa ke kAmoM meM barAbara sahayoga dete rahate haiN| sana 1942 ke AMdolana meM 'AjAda hindustAna' parce bAMTane ke saMdeha meM Apa ko 6 mAha kI sajA huI thii| zrI zItalA prasAda - sana 1942 ke AMdolana meM Apane bahuta sahayoga diyA thaa| bAbU santa lAla phirojAbAda -- Apako sarakAra dvArA DAkabaMgalA jalAne ke aparAdha meM pakar3akara jela bhejA gayA thA paraMtu kesa sAbita na hone para Apako najarabanda kara diyA gyaa| maI 1943 meM Apako isa zarta para chor3A gayA ki Apa thAne meM hAjirI diyA kareM parantu Apane sarakAra kI isa AjJA ko na mAnA ataH punaH najarabaMda kara diye gaye aura akTUbara 1946 meM chUTe / zrI rAma bAbU phirojAbAda - Apa aura zrI saMtalAla para eka hI jurma lagAyA gayA thA / unake sAtha hI sAtha kArAgRha meM rahe / zrI vasanta lAla phirojAbAda - Apa bhI santalAja aura rAma bAbU kI bhAMti DAka baMgalA jalAne ke aparAdha meM giraphtAra hue the parantu jurma na sAbita hone para najarabanda kara diye gaye the aura maI, 43 meM zarta lagAkara chor3a diye gaye the / kucha dinoM bAda punaH zarta tor3ane ke kAraNa giraphtAra kiye gaye / zrI natthI lAla jaina --- 1942 ke Andolana meM rilIpha Adi ke aneka kAryoM meM Apane bahuta sahayoga diyA thaa| Apa kI mitra maMDalI se bhI AMdolana ko kAphI sahayoga milA thaa| bAbU hukumacanda jaina - Apane 1942 ke Andolana meM bahuta kAma kiyA thaa| bAbU darabArIlAla jaina vakIla - 1942 ke Andolana meM Apane sakriya bhAga liyA thA / bAbU ratanalAla baMsala - Apa 1942 ke Andolana meM najarabanda kiye gaye the| / bAbU mAnika canda jaina phirojAbAda- sarakAra ne Apa ko 1942 ke Andolana meM bhAga lene ke jurma meM jela bhejA thA / zrI rAjakumAra phirojAbAda - 1942 ke Andolana meM Apa para pulisa ne yaha abhiyoga lagAyA thA ki inhoMne DAka baMgalA jalAyA hai / Apa ko najarabanda kara diyA gayA aura maI 1943 meM chor3A gayA parantu punaH zarta tor3ane para giraphtAra kara akTUbara 1943 taka najarabanda rakhA gayA / zrI dhanapata siMha jaina phirojAbAda- Apa zrI rAjakumAra jaina ke jyeSTha bhrAtA the, unake hI kesa meM abhiyukta hI nahIM, lIDara mAnakara pulisa ne giraphtAra kiyA thA aura savA sAla taka jela meM rakhA thaa|
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________________ 92 ] zrI gulajArI lAla-nagara ke pratiSThita vyaktiyoM meM se rahe haiN| Apa ko pulisa ne 1940 ke Andolana meM najarabanda kara liyA thaa| Apa phirojAbAda myU0 borDa ke ceyaramaina bhI rhe| bAbU nemIcaMda jaina--Apa jotarAja vasaiyA AgarA ke rahane vAle haiM aura 1930 se rASTrIya kSetra meM kArya karate rhe| isa Andolana meM eka sAla kI sajA huI thii| Apa maMDala kAMgresa kameTI ke pramukha kAryakartA rhe| 1940 meM Apa najarabanda kara diye gaye / san 1942 meM Apa para yaha jurma lagAyA gayA ki kAgArola kA DAka baMgalA Apane jalAyA thaa| bA0 uttamacanda vakIla, barAra (AgarA)--1936 se Apa rASTrIya kSetra meM adhika prakAza meM Aye aura jilA kAMgresa kameTI ke sadasya tathA maMDala kAMgresa kameTI ke padAdhikArI barAbara rhe| Apane kisAnoM kA saMgaThana bahata joroM se kiyaa| 1940 ke Andolana meM Apa najarabanda kara kiye gaye aura lagabhaga eka sAla jela meM rahanA pdd'aa| 1942 ke Andolana meM Apa 9 agasta ko hI giraphtAra kara liye gaye the aura maI 1944 meM chor3e gye| zrI pItamacanda jaina, rAyamA (AgarA)-Apa TelIphona ke tAra kATane ke silasile meM giraphtAra kiye gaye the aura kaI mAha taka najarabanda rhe| zrI zyAma lAla jaina, rAyabhA (AgarA)- Apa bhI zrI pItamacanda ke sAtha usI abhiyoga meM giraphtAra kiye gaye the, jela meM lakavA mAra jAne ke kAraNa bahuta kaSTa huA thaa| zrI bAbUlAla jaina (AgarA)-Apa apane maMDala kAMgresa kameTI ke maMtrI the, ata: 9 agasta 1942 ke Andolana meM najarabanda kara liye gaye aura do mAsa bAda chor3e gye| bAbU rAmasvarUpa 'bhAratIya', jArakhI, AgarA-Apa jaina samAja ke eka pramukha kAryakartA rahe, san 1942 ke Andolana meM sarakAra ne Apa ko giraphtAra karake najarabanda kara diyA, do mAha ke bAda chor3A thaa| ciraMjIlAla jaina vaidya, bAha (AgarA)-1930 se hI kAMgresa ke utsAhI kAryakartA haiM, 1932 meM bhI giraphtAra hue, 1941 meM 6 mAha jela meM rahe, aura 1942 se cAra sAla taka pharAra rhe| jilA kAMgresa kamiTi ke maMtrI aura blAka kAMgresa kamiTi ke adhyakSa haiN| zrI pannA lAla jaina 'sarala' jArakhI (AgarA)-Apa sana 1942 ke AMdolana meM jArakhI maMDala se ekamAtra AMdolana kartA aura jela yAtrI the| apanI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa 1946 meM bhI sarva sammati se maMDala ke pradhAna maMtrI nirvAcita hae / sana 1942 meM nirdhana sevA sadana sthApita karake gAMvoM meM phailI haI galle kI kamI ko apane kharce se maMgAkara pUrA kiyaa| cora bAjArI ke siddhAMtaH virodhI hone ke kAraNa kapar3e ke sucAru rUpa se calate hue apane vyavasAya ko samApta kara diyaa| zrI kalyANadAsa jaina, AgarA-bhI pakke kAMgresI kAryakartA rahe, nagara nigama ke kAMgresI meyara bhI rahe / eTA jilA lA0 santa kumAra jaina, avAgar3ha, apane nagara ke pramukha rASTrIya kAryakartA rahe, 1942 meM 9 mAsa kI jela kATI, aura chUTane para sthAnIya kAMgresa kameTI ke pradhAna hae / mainapurI jilA barAmasvarUpa jaina khairagar3ha-Apa phirojAbAda meM 1942 ke Andolana ke samaya giraphtAra kiye gaye the| apane maMDala ke mantrI the / agasta 1942 se pharAra ho gaye the| janavarI 1943 meM phirojAbAda meM giraphtAra kara lie gaye aura lagabhaga savA sAla najarabanda rhe|
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________________ [ 93 zrI guNadharalAla, kurAvalI (ji0 mainapurI ) - 1929 I0 se kAMgresa meM kAryarata rahe, namaka kAnUna-bhaMga AMdolana meM bhAga lene ke kAraNa eka varSa kA kaThina kArAvAsa aura 100 ru0 jurmAnA huA, ghara kI Arthika sthiti zocanIya ho gaI / kha - 6 zrI deza dIpaka jaina, kurAvalI - zrI guNadharalAla ke suputra, 1940 I0 se hI svAtantrya saMgrAma meM gaye aura 1942 meM 14 mAsa kA kaThora kArAvAsa tathA 150 ru0 jurmAnA bhugatA / jela jAne se kapar3e kI dukAna jo thI Thapa hogii| seTha darabArI lAla, kurAvalI - zrI dezadIpaka ke sahayagI the, kArAvAsa aura 500 ru0 jurmAnA huA / inake pIche kaI AtmIyoM kI huii| jela se chUTakara maMDala kAMgresa kameTI ke koSAdhyakSa rahe / lalitapura jilA mathurA prasAda vaidya, lalitapura ( janma meharonI vi0sa0 1951) jela yAtrA 1930 va 1942 I0, jilA kAMgresa kameTI ke adhyakSa 1941-1947 I0 / 1942 ke Andolana meM inheM 1 varSaM kA mRtyu ho gaI tathA Arthika hAni bhI bahuta vRndAvana imAliyA, lalitapura (janma 1912 I0), jela yAtrA 1930 eka varSa, 1932 dillI 6 saptAha, 1932 jilA jhAMsI 6 mAha / prathama paMkti ke raNa bAMkuroM meM haiM, jinhoMne AjAdI ke saMgharSa meM saba kucha homa kara diyA thA / hukumacandra bukhAriyA 'tanmaya', lalitapura (janma 1929 I0 ), 1942 meM 9 varSa kA kaThora kArAvAsa va 100 ru0 Arthika daNDa / 19-20 varSa kI avasthA meM hI rASTrIya saMgrAma meM bhAga lenA prArambha kara diyA thA / uttamacaMdra kaTharayA, lalitapura, jelayAtrA agasta 1942 meM 1 varSa tathA 100 ru0 artha - daNDa / goviMdadAsa siMghaI, lalitapura (janma 1913), jelayAtrA 1932 meM 1 varSa / govidAsa jaina, lalitapura ( janma 1911 I0 ), jelayAtrA 1941 6 mAha / hukuma caMda bar3adhariyA, lalitapura ( janma vi 1978), jelayAtrA artha daNDa | rAma caMdra jaina, lalitapura, jelayAtrA 1942 meM 1 varSa va 100 ru0 artha - daNDa / paM0 parameSThIvAsa jaina, lalitapura, (janma 1907I0 ) jelayAtrA 1942 meM 4 mAha | hindI bhASA kA pracAra jisameM Apa pUrI tanmayatA se lage rahe / san kArya mahAtmA 'gAndhI ke racanAtmaka kAryoM meM eka mahatvapUrNa kArya thA 1942 ke svAdhInatA Andolana meM Apane apane lekhoM aura bhASaNoM se kI preraNA dI, tathA svayaM usa Andolana meM sakriya bhAga bAda meM sAbaramatI jela meM sthAnAMtarita kara diyA gyaa| sahasrAdhika jela - sAthiyoM ko rASTrabhASA pracAra samiti vardhA kI parIkSAoM meM sammilita karavAyA / 1942 meM, 1 varSa tathA 100 ru0 aneka vyaktiyoM ko satyAgraha Andolana karane lete hue bandI banAe gae / pahale sUrata jela meM rakhe gaye, jela meM bhI sva0 zrI jI0 vI0 mAvalaMkara ke sahayoga se zrImatI kamalA devI, lalitapura, dharmapatnI paM0 parameSThI dAsa, (janma 1916) jelayAtrA 1942 meM 5 mAha / sana 1942 I0 ke jana-Andolana meM sakriya bhAga lete hue bhArata rakSA kAnUna kI Apa jela meM 5 mAha rahIM / usa samaya daphA 144 ko bhaMga karake julUsoM kA netRtva kiyA thA, daphA 56 ke antargata sabhAbandI kAnUna bhaMga
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________________ kha-6 karake sabhA meM bhASaNa dene ke kAraNa Apa ko sAbaramatI jela meM rahanA pdd'aa| isa samaya ApakA putra jainendra kevala 3 varSa kA thA, ataH vaha bhI apanI mAM ke sAtha jela meM rahA / vaha jela meM apane pati ke rASTrabhASA pracAra ke kArya meM bhI sakriya yoga detI rhiiN| sukhalAla imaliyA lalitapura (janma 1919 I0), jelayAtrA 1942 meM 1 varSa kI tathA 100 ru0 artha-daNDa / apane agraja zrI vRndAvana imAliyA, jo svatantratA saMgrAma ke pramukha praNetA the se prabhAvita hokara parivAra ke bharaNa-poSaNa kI paravAha na karate hue bhArata mAtA ko svatantra karAne hetu svayaM bhI senAniyoM kI katAra meM khar3e ho gaye / zrI pannAlAla gur3hA, lalitapura (janma 1914 I0), jelayAtrA 1942 meM 1 varSa kI tathA 100 ru0 artha-daNDa / zrI zikharacaMda siMghaI, lalitapura (janma 1921 I0), jelayAtrA agasta 1942 meM 1 varSa kI tathA 100 ru0 arth-dnndd| __ zrI bAbUlAla ghI vAle, lalitapura (janma saM0 1972) jelayAtrA 1942 meM 1 varSa tathA 100 ru0 artha-daNDa / zrImatI kezarabAI, lalitapura (janma 1915 I0), jelayAtrA 1941 meM 1 mAha / zrI khUbacaMda puSpa, lalitapura (janma 1981 vi0), jelayAtrA, 1942 meM 1 varSa kI tathA 500 ru0 artha-daNDa / zrI gopAladAsa jaina, sADhUmala, jilA lalitapura (janma 1912 I0), jelayAtrA 1941 aura 1942 meM kramazaH 1 mAha va 1 varSa kii| zrI kapUracanda jaina, saidapura, ji0 lalitapura (janma 1921 I0), jelayAtrA 1931 meM 6 mAha kI tathA 25 ru. jurmaanaa| zrI vijaya kRSNa zarmA ke sAtha krAntikArI Andolana meM bhI bhAga liyaa| 1948-49 meM prAntIya rakSA dala meM rhe| __ zrI ghanazyAma dAsa, luharI ji0 lalitapura (janma 1942 I0), jelayAnA 1942 meM, 6 mAha kI kaida / paM0 phalacanda, silAvana ji. lalitapura (janma saM0 1957), jelayAnA 1941 meM 1 mAsa kI sajA tathA 100 ru0 jurmAnA / zrI abhinandana kumAra TayA, lalitapura--jelayAtrA 1942 meM 1 varSa kI tathA 100) artha-daNDa / Apa lalitapura-jhAMsI ke prasiddha vakIla bhI haiM / zrI tArAcanda kajiyA vAle, lalitapura--(janma 1920 I0) jela yAtrA, 1942 meM 1 varSa kI sajA tathA 100 ru. kA artha-daNDa / pro0 khuzAla canda, gorA ji0 lalitapura--(janma 1913 I0) vartamAna meM prAdhyApaka kAzI pidyApITha, jelayAtrA 1941, 1942 / apane pUrvaja ciMtAmaNi zAha tathA umarAva zAha kI bhAMti inhoMne bhI aMgrejoM kI damanakArI nItiyoM kA sadaiva ke lie aMta karane ke lie 1930 se hI bAnara senA ke rUpa meM kArya prArambha kiyaa| tIsare vyaktigata satyAgraha ke samaya Apa uttara pradeza kAMgresa ke saMgaThana maMtrI the, DhAI mAsa taka hailaTazAhI se jUjhate hue 25 jalAI 1941 ko najarabaMda hue, 1 pharavarI 1942 meM jela se chuTane ke bAda 'bhArata chor3o AMdolana' meM sakriya bhAga lene para punaH jela kA paMkSI jela meM 3 sitambara 1942 ko bheja diyA gayA; jahA~ se aMta meM 1944 ko chuutte|
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________________ kha-6 [ 95 zrI kundanalAla maloyA, sADhUmala, lalitapura-jelayAtrA, san 1941 meM 6 mAha kI tathA 100 ru. kA artha daNDa evaM 1942 meM 1 varSa kI sajA tathA 100 ru. kA artha-daNDa / malaiyA jI una sapUtoM meM agraNI haiM jinhoMne deza ko AjAda karAne meM apanA tana-mana-dhana homa kiyA thaa| zrI zivaprasAda jaina jAkhalauna, ji0 lalitapura-san 42 meM 9 mAha najarabaMda / zrI balIcanda jaina, tAlabehaTa, jilA lalitapura-jelayAnA, 1941 meM 6 mAha kI sjaa| zrI motIlAla TaDayA, lalitapura--jelayAnA, 9942 meM 1 varSa kA kaThora kArAvAsa va 100 ru0 kA Arthika-daNDa / zrI DAlacanda jaina, maMDAvarA, ji. lalitapura--jela yAtrA, 1942 meM 1 varSa kI kaThora sjaa| inakI dezabhakta jananI arthAbhAva ke kAraNa svayaM jIvikopArjana meM tila-tila AhutI detI rahIM aura putra ko sadaiva deza para prANotsarga karane kI preraNA meM gati detI rhiiN| zrI bhaiyAlAla paravAra, saidapura, ji. lalitapura-1941 meM eka mAha kI sajA tathA sau ru0 kA artha-daNDa / zrI gokulacanda jena, lar3abArI bAra, ji. lalitapura-1941 meM 1 mAha kI sajA tathA 100 ru0 kA artha-daNDa / zrI paramAnanda, bAra, ji. lalitapura-1941 meM 1 mAha kI sajA, 50 ru0 kA arthadaNDa / zrI zItala prabhAva, karoMvA ji0 lalitapura--1932 meM 6 mAha kI sjaa| grAmINa netA ke rUpa meM Apa sadaiva saMgharSa kA netRtva karate rahe / zrI harizcandra jaina, adhyApaka, lalitapura--(janma 1918) san 1941 se maMDala kAMgresa kameTI ke utsAhI evaM sakriya sadasya rhe| __ zrI tArAcandra jaina, lalitapura-ne bhI svatantratA saMgrAma meM bhAga liyaa| hA jilA jhAMsI bA0 ziva prasAda, jAkhalauna-san 34 I0 meM kAMgresa meM Aye, san 37 I0 meM jAkhalauna ke jamIMdAra ne begAra nahIM dene kI vajaha se kisAnoM ko taMga kiyA aura unake jalAne ke lie jaMgala se lakar3I denA bhI baMda kara diyA to ziva prasAda jI ne 200 kisAnoM ko sAtha lekara AbAdI jaMgala kaTavA diyaa| jaMgala para jamIMdAra apane sipAhiyoM ke sAtha maya baMdUkoM ke gaye, kalakTara jhAMsI ko bhI tAra diyA, kintu kAMgresa kI jIta huii| kumhAroM se bhI jAgIradAra ne begAra meM bartana mAMge to unhoMne miTTI khodanA banda kara diyaa| zivaprasAdajI ne kumhAroM kA sAtha diyA, aura inakI hI jIta huI / san 40 se sarakArI paMcAyata borDa ke 3 sAla taka sarapaMca rahe / san 34 I0 se hI sthAnIya kAMgresa kameTI ke presIDenTa rhe| bhAI rAjadhara jaina, jAkhalauna-san 30 I0 le kAMthrasa meM Aye / yahAM kAMgresa kI nIMva Apa hI ne DAlI aura sana 32 se ukta kAMgresa kameTI ke mantrI rahe / san 42 I. ke Andolana meM Apa va bAbU zivaprasAda jI sAtha hI sAtha jela gaye aura 11 mAha bAda chuTe / sarakArI paMcAyata borDa ke bhI 3 sAla taka paMca rahe / san 37 I. meM jaMgala kaTavAne va kumhAroM ko miTTI khudavAne meM bhI Apane acchA kArya kiyaa| vizambhara dAsa gArgIya-jhAMsI nagara kI jaina samAja ke ke netA, ugra samAja sudhAraka aura rASTra sevI sajjana the| ___paM. phUlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI-san 1940 ke vyaktigata satyAgraha ke samaya Apa ko eka joradAra bhASaNa ke silasile meM lalitapura meM giraphtAra kara liyA gayA aura 3 mAha kA kaThora kArAvAsa tathA 100) kA artha-daNDa haa| jaina vidyAlaya banArasa ke chAtroM ko usa Andolana meM kAfI sphati dete rhe|
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________________ vArANasI jilA pro0 khuzAla canda ema0 e0 'sAhityAcArya-28 varSa kA yaha yuvaka san 41 ke vyaktigata satyAgraha meM tUphAna kI taraha prasiddhi meM AyA aura Ate hI prAntIya netAoM kI agalI paMkti meM jA phNcaa| kAMgresa ke satyAgraha Andolana ke mukhya saMcAlaka aura saMyukta prAntIya kAMgresa kameTI ke sekreTarI ke rUpa meM prAnta kI ullekhanIya rASTrIya sevA kii| julAI san 41 meM pakar3e gaye aura do mAha najarabanda rahe tathA cAra mAha kI sajA bhugtii| san 42 ke Andolana meM netAoM kI giraphtArI ke samaya bhI giraphtAra kara liye gaye aura kaI varSa taka sarakAra ke mehamAna rahe / yahAM se nikalane ke bAda bhI Apa kAMgresa meM sakriya kArya karate A rahe haiM / zrI amolaka candra vakIla-san 30 kA dvitIya svatantratA saMgrAma prArambha hote hI isa yuvaka vakIla ne saba hI rAjanaitika mukadame muphta ldd'e| phalataH naukarazAhI kI najaroM meM khaTake / jela meM hae atyAcAroM ke bhaNDAphor3a ko lekara sarakAra ne ina para mukadamA calAyA aura 500) arthadaNDa diyaa| san 37 meM zrI govinda ballabha panta kI adhyakSatA meM hue jilA rAjanaitika sammelana ke pradhAna maMtrI hue| isake bAda san 38-39 meM Apa yukta prAnta ke zikSAmaMtrI bA0 sampUrNAnanda jI ke prAiveTa sekreTarI rhe| san 1942 meM Apane vyaktigata satyAgraha meM bhAga liyA aura 6 mAsa kA kArAvAsa tathA 100 rupayA artha daNDa bhogaa| agasta AMdolana aura syAdvAda vidyAlaya, kAzI-san 42 ke agasta Andolana meM syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya vArANasI, jo apane prakAra kA eka pramukha jaina vidyAlaya hai, ke chAtroM ne prazaMsanIya bhUmikA adA kI, aura jalase, julUsa, tor3aphor3a, har3atAla, grAmINa kSetroM meM pracAra--sabhI pravRttiyoM meM utsAha ke sAtha sakriya bhAga liyaa| phalasvarUpa vidyAlaya para khuphiyA pulisa kA kar3A paharA baiTha gyaa| ina chAtroM meM pramukha the zItala prasAda (bar3AgA~va, ji0 meraTha), ghanazyAmadAsa, ratana candra pahAr3I, dhanya kumAra, harIndra bhUSaNa, nAbhi nandana, bAlacanda, dayAcandra, sugana canda, gulAba canda, amRta lAla Adi jinameM se anekoM ne pulisa dvArA dI gaI kar3I yAtanAeM tathA kArAvAsa Adi bhugate / lakhanaU jilA lakhanaU nagara meM zrI jinendracandra kAgajI kucha samaya taka kAMgresa ke kAryakartA aura khAdI ke pracAraka rahe haiN| Upara uttara pradeza ke vibhinna jiloM, nagaroM, kasboM yA grAmoM ke nivAsI jina rASTrasevI dezabhakta svatantratA senAniyoM kA sAMketika paricaya diyA gayA hai, unake atirikta bhI pradeza ke anya sahastroM jainoM ne pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM ukta saMgrAma meM bhAga liyA, svatantratA prApti ke lie vividha tyAga kiye, kaSTa aura kaThinAiyA~ shiiN| jo vizeSa ullekhanIya the aura jinake viSaya meM kucha nizcita rUpa se jJAta ho sakA, unhIM kA ullekha Upara kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ uttara pradeza ko jaina saMsthAe~ akhila bhAratIya sAmAjika sAMskRtika saMgaThana kAryAlaya 1. bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina pariSada 2. bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha --mathurA 3. akhila vizva jaina mizana (pradhAna saMcAlaka DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU)-alIgaMja 4. akhila bhAratIya di0 je0 vidvatpariSada --vArANasI 5. bhA0di00 zAstri pariSada -phirojAbAda 6. bhAratIya jaina milana --deharAdUna 7. bhAjIvadayA pracAriNI sabhA -AgarA inake atirikta prAntIya, jAtIya (jaisavAla sabhA, padmAvata puravAla sabhA Adi), sAmpradAyika (zvetAmbara, sthAnakavAsI Adi) jaise saMgaThana bhI pradeza meM haiM, tathA pradeza ke kaI sthAnoM meM bhA. di. jaina pariSada, vizva jaina mizana, jaina milana, bhA. jaina mahAmaMDala jaisI akhila bhAratIya saMsthAoM kI zAkhAeM bhI sthApita haiN| zikSA saMsthAe~ (ka) saMskRta vidyAlaya-1. syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya bhadainI, vArANasI 2. saMskRta vidyAlaya, sAr3hamala, jilA lalitapura 3. saMskRta jaina pAThazAlA, baravAsAgara, jilA jhAMsI (kha) gurukula-Azrama-1. RSabhabrahmacaryAzrama, caurAsI, mathurA 2. di0 jaina gurukula, hastinApura, jilA meraTha (ga) zoSa saMsthAna--1. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 2. varNI zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 3. jaina sAhitya zodha saMsthAna, AgarA 4. ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, alIgaMja 5. jaina vidyA zodha saMsthAna, lakhanaU (gha) DigrI kAlija-bar3auta, bijanaura, najIbAbAda (eka puruSa evaM eka mahilA kAleja), sahAranapura, AgarA, phirojAbAda, khataulI aura pAvAnagara meM jaina DigrI kAlija (snAtaka evaM snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya) haiN| (Ga) mAdhyamika evaM ucca mAdhyamika vidyAlaya-pradeza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM lagabhaga 25-30 jaina hAI skUla evaM iNTaramIDieTa kAlija haiN| (ca) prAthamika zAlAeM--pradeza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM lagabhaga eka sau janiyara yA prAimarI skala, mAnTesarI yA kinDaragArTana skUla, athavA prAthamika pAThazAlAe~ haiN|
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________________ 98 ] (cha) chAtrAlaya--pUrvokta vidyAlayoM, kAlejoM aura skUloM se sambaddha chAtrAvAsoM ke atirikta jaina hosTala ilAhAbAda, jaina boDiMga hAusa meraTha, jaina boDiMga hAusa AgarA aura sanmati niketana vArANasI ullekhanIya haiN| (ja) chAtravRtti phaMDa--mUlataH najIbAbAda nivAsI zrI sAhU zAntiprasAda jI evaM sAhU ramezacandra jI dvArA sthApita bRhatchAtravRtti phaMDoM ke atirikta meraTha meM do chAtravRtti phaMDa kArya kara rahe haiN| anyatra bhI vyaktigata rUpa meM aneka sajjana nirdhana chAtroM kI sahAyatArtha chAtravRttiyA~ dete haiN| (A) pustakAlaya--pradeza meM ucca koTi kA kendrIya athavA prAntIya koI jaina pustakAlaya nahIM hai, kiMtu prAyaH sabhI nagaroM evaM kasboM meM jahA~ jainoM kI acchI bastI hai, eka yA adhika sArvajanika jaina pustakAlaya cala rahe haiN| (a) zAstra bhaMDAra-prAyaH pratyeka bar3e tathA apekSAkRta purAne jaina maMdira meM eka choTA yA bar3A zAstra bhaMDAra rahatA AyA hai| AgarA, meraTha zahara, phirojAbAda, bArAbaMkI, khurjA, sahAranapura, lakhanaU Adi ke maMdiroM meM acche zAstra bhaMDAra haiM, jinameM saikar3oM hastalikhita grantha saMgrahIta haiM-inameM se kaI to aprakAzita hI nahIM alabhya evaM mahatvapUrNa bhI haiN| (Ta) granthamAlAeM evaM prakAzana saMsthAeM-zrI sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina dvArA saMsthApita bhAratIya jJAnapITha aura usakI lokodaya evaM mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlAoM kA mukhya kAryAlaya mUlataH vArANasI meM hI thA / aba kAryAlaya dillI meM sthAnAntarita ho gayA hai kintu vArANasI meM bhI usakA eka pradhAna aMga banA huA hai / vArANasI meM hI varNI granthamAlA, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa granthamAlA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA sthApita haiN| jaina mizana kAryAlaya alIgaMja, bhA. di. jaina saMgha mathurA va bhA. di. jaina zAstri pariSada bar3auta bhI acchI prakAzana saMsthA haiN| meraTha sadara meM sahajAnandavarNI granthamAlA kA kAryAlaya hai tathA meraTha zahara meM vIra nirvANa bhAratI granthamAlA stha hai| AgarA meM sanmati jJAnapITha lohA maNDI acchI prakAzana saMsthA hai| anyatra bhI kaI choTIevaM dharmArtha sAhitya prakAzana saMsthAe~ cala rahI haiM / inake atirikta prativarSa vyaktigata rUpa se saikar3oM pustakeM loga prakAzita karAkara vitarita karate rahate haiN| (1) dharmazAlae~-prAyaH pratyeka bar3e nagara yA kasbe meM, jahA~ jainoM kI acchI bastI hai, eka yA adhika jaina dharmazAlAe~ haiM, jinameM yAtriyoM se koI kirAyA yA phIsa nahIM lI jAtI aura unakI suvidhA kA yathAsambhava dhyAna rakkhA jAtA hai| (Da) auSadhAlaya-cikitsAlaya--aneka sthAnoM meM dharmArtha jaina auSadhAlaya, cikitsAlaya Adi cala rahe haiN| inameM se adhikAMza Ayurvedika haiM, kucha homyopaithika haiM aura do eka elopethika bhI haiM / lalitapura meM eka netra cikitsAlaya sthApita kiyA jA rahA hai / alIgar3ha meM eka prasUtigraha sthApita huA hai| (Dha) dIna-dukhiyoM, apAhijoM, vidhavAoM aura berojagAroM kI sahAyatA ke lie vyaktigata rUpa se kaI sthAnoM meM vyavasthA hai, kintu koI sugaThita evaM vyApaka mahattva kA kArya abhI isa dizA meM nahIM ho rahA hai| maDA. vIra jana kalyANa nidhi' jaisI yojanA kI aise janahita ke kAryoM ke lie bar3I AvazyakatA hai| (Na) kaI nagaroM meM rAhata kAryoM evaM vizeSa avasaroM para janasevA hita kArya karane vAle yuvakoM ke svayaMsevaka dala bhI gaThita haiM, kintu ye bhI jitane aura jaise hone cAhie, nahIM haiN| isa prakAra sAmAjika cetanA, zikSA pracAra evaM prasAra aura sArvajanika hita ke kAryoM meM pradeza ke jaina, apanI saMkhyA ke anupAta ko dekhate hue, santoSajanaka rUpa meM prayatnazIla kahe jA sakate haiN|
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________________ uttara pradeza meM jainoM kI vartamAna sthiti -zrI ramAkAnta jaina caubIsa meM se aThAraha tIrthaMkaroM kI janmabhUmi hone kA gaurava pAne vAlA bhAratIya gaNatantra kA janasaMkhyA kI dRSTi se sabase vizAla yaha rAjya uttara pradeza itihAsa kAla ke prArambha se hI Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha aura tadanantara hue teisa anya tIrthaMkaroM ke anuyAyiyoM se yukta rahA hai| vartamAna meM mukhyatayA vaizya varNa meM sImita jainamatAvalambI isa pradeza meM agravAla, osavAla, khanDelavAla, kharauA, jaisavAla, paravAra, pallIvAla, gaMgavAla, gaMgeravAla, golAlAre, padmAvatI puravAla, bur3helavAla, lamecU, zrImAla Adi vibhinna jAtiyoM ke haiN| digambara, zvetAmbara, sthAnaka vAsI, terApanthI ityAdi jaina dharma ke vartamAna sabhI sampradAyoM aura upasampradAyoM ke bhakta zrAvaka isa pradeza meM nivAsa karate haiM / yaha avazya hai ki una saba meM digambara sampradAya vAloM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai| ahiMsA paramodharmaH ko mAnane vAle parama zAkAharI aura aNuvratoM kA yathAzakti anupAlana karane vAle jainI jana yadyapi yahA~ mukhyatayA vyApAra evaM udyoga-dhandhoM meM rata haiM, kintu injIniyariMga, DAkTarI, vakAlata aura zikSaNa kArya karane vAloM meM unakI saMkhyA kama nahIM hai| rAjakIya sevA meM bhI vibhinna vibhAgoM aura ohadoM para ve padAsIna haiM-zAyada hI koI aisA vibhAga ho jahA~ jaina na hoN| inameM aneka tyAgI-vratI, samAja sudhAraka, dezabhakta svatantratA senAnI, sAhitya manISI, vidvAna, vicAraka aura patrakAra bhI haiM jo apane-apane kSetroM meM labdha pratiSTha haiN| vidyA kA OM namaH na kara pAne vAle durbhAgyazAliyoM kI saMkhyA jainoM meM nagaNya hai aura unakI sampannatA ke saubhAgya kI khyAti unheM dUsaroM kI IrSyA kA pAtra banAtI rahI hai| tabhI to kiMgsale Devisa ne apanI pustaka "pApulezana oNpha iNDiyA eNDa pAkistAna" meM janagaNanA sambandhI AMkar3oM kA vizleSaNa karate hue yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki janasaMkhyA ke AdhAra para jaina dharma bhArata kA chaThA bar3A dharma hai aura sAkSaratA kI dRSTi se jaina dharmAnuyAyI isa deza meM tIsare sthAna para haiM tathA sampannatA kI dRSTi se bhI pArasI aura yahUdiyoM ke uparAnta inhIM kA sthAna hai / vartamAna meM isa pradeza meM kitane jainI-jana kahAM-kahAM nivAsa karate haiM isakI sUcanA hameM janagaNanA ke AMkar3oM se milatI hai| bhArata sarakAra dvArA hara dasa varSa para sampUrNa deza meM karAI jAne vAlI janagaNanA ke AMkar3oM ko dekhane se vidita hotA hai ki 50 varSoM meM, san 1921 I0 kI janagaNanA se san 1971 I0 kI janagaNanA paryanta, isa pradeza meM jainoM kI saMkhyA 68,111 se bar3hakara 1,24,728 ho gii| yaha saMkhyA sampUrNa uttara pradeza kI kula janasaMkhyA, jo 1971 I0 meM 8,83,64,779 thIM, kA kevala 0.14 pratizata hote hue bhI anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA ke
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________________ 100 ] AdhAra para jaina dharma kA isa pradeza meM hindU, musalamAna, sikha aura IsAI dharma ke anantara pAMcavAM sthAna hai / mahArASTra, rAjasthAna, gujarAta, madhyapradeza aura maisUra (vartamAna karNATaka) rAjyoM ke bAda sarvAdhika jaina matAvalambI uttara pradeza rAjya meM nivAsa karate haiM aura unakI saMkhyA bhAratIya gaNatantra meM jainoM kI kula saMkhyA (26,04,646) kA 4.79 pratizata hai| Age rajisTrAra janarala Apha iNDiyA, naI dillI, dvArA "seMsasa Apha iNDiyA, 1971-rilIjana, pepara naM. 2 oNpha 1972" meM prakAzita okar3oM ke AdhAra para uttara pradeza ke samasta maMDaloM aura jiloM meM tathA unake nagarIya evaM grAmINa kSetroM meM nivAsa karane vAle jaina strI-puruSoM kI saMkhyA sUcI dI jA rahI hai| isa tAlikA ko dekhane se vidita hogA ki pradeza ke kula jainoM meM 65,623puruSa tathA 59,105 mahilAeM haiN| inameM se 46,161 puruSa tathA 40,935 nAriyAM nagaroM meM aura 19,462 puruSa evaM 18,170 mahilAeM grAmoM meM nivAsa karatI haiN| isa prakAra isa pradeza meM jainoM kI saMkhyA kA adhikAMza nagaroM meM nivAsa karatA hai| deharAdUna jile kI, jo ki abhI hAla hI meM meraTha maNDala se nikAlakara gar3havAla maNDala meM sammilita kara diyA gayA hai, jaina janatA ko chor3a bhI dekheM to bhI meraTha maNDala ke avazeSa cAra jiloM meM rahane vAle jainiyoM kI saMkhyA (49,445) anya saba maNDaloM se adhika hai| isa dRSTi se dUsare sthAna para AgarA maNDala hai jahA~ saMkhyA 35,315 hai aura tIsare sthAna para 16,870 kI saMkhyA lie hue jhAMsI maNDala hai| dasa hajAra se adhika jaina janasaMkhyA vAle jile kevala cAra haiM jinameM prathama sthAna meraTha (27,665), dvitIya AgarA (21,255), tRtIya jhAMsI (navasRjita jilA lalitapura sahita) (16,005) tathA caturtha mujaphpharanagara (12,151) jile kA hai| jaina janagaNanA kI dRSTi se bhAratIya gaNatantra ke samasta jiloM meM bhI ina jiloM kI sthiti kramazaH 21veM, 33veM, 49veM tathA 57veM sthAna para hai / dasa hajAra se kama kintu eka hajAra se adhika jaina janasaMkhyA vAle jile 13 haiN| inake nAma saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kramazaH nimnavata haiM : kra0 saM0 nAma jilA jaina jana saMkhyA sahAranapura mainapurI eTA * >> kAnapura alIgar3ha deharAdUna iTAvA bArAbaMkI murAdAbAda lakhanaU bijanaura mathurA bulaMdazahara 8,430 5,593 4,184 3,637 3,041 3,023 2,896 1,783 1,701 1,569 1,276 1,242 1,199 .
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________________ [ 101 uparyukta 17 (4+13) jiloM meM se bulaMdazahara, mathurA aura bArAbaMkI jiloM ko chor3akara zeSa 14 jiloM ke nagarIya kSetroM meM hI eka sahastra se adhika jainI jana nivAsa karate haiM / aise jile jinake grAmINa kSetroM meM bhI unakI saMkhyA eka sahastra athavA adhika haiM, ATha haiN| inake nAma haiM :- meraTha, jhAMsI, AgarA, mujaphpharanagara, mainapurI, eTA, sahAranapura aura baaraabNkii| sabase kama jaina janasaMkhyA vAlA jilA gAjIpura hai tathA sabase kama nagarIya jaina jana saMkhyA uttara kAzI jile meM hai / gyAraha jile aise bhI haiM jinake grAmINa kSetroM meM gainoM kI saMkhyA sUcita nahIM kI gaI hai| kisI sthAna vizeSa kI kula jana saMkhyA ke anupAta meM jainoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para pradeza ke jiloM meM jhAMsI jilA, nagaroM meM mujaphpharanagara tathA grAmINa kSetroM meM jhAMsI jile kA grAmINa kSetra agraNI sthAna rakhate haiN| ina AMkar3oM se eka bAta spaSTa hai ki jainI jana pUrvI bhAga kI apekSA isa rAjya ke pazcimI bhAga meM apane ko kendrita kiye huye haiN| sampUrNa bhArata ke raMgamaMca kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| pazcimI bhArata hI inakA mukhya gar3ha hai / ataH hamArA rAjya bhI usakA apavAda kaise banatA ? san 1961 I0 kI janagaNanA ke samaya uttara pradeza rAjya kI kula jana saMkhyA 7,37,46,401 thI aura usameM jainoM kI saMkhyA 1,22,108 arthAt 0.17 pratizata thii| yadyapi san 1961 I0 se san 1971 I0 ke madhya dasa varSoM meM pradeza kI jana saMkhyA meM 19.82 pratizata kI vRddhi huI, pradeza kI jainoM kI jana saMkhyA meM kevala 2.15 pratizata hI rahI / usase pUrva 1951 se 1961 kI janagaNanA ke madhya yaha vRddhi 24.93% thii| jana saMkhyA meM bRddhi hone kI dara meM isa bhArI kamI ke parilakSita hone kA kAraNa isa avadhi meM jainoM kA dharma parivartana, pradeza se barhigamana athavA unakI mRtyudara kA bar3hanA nahIM hai, apitu rASTrIya kAryakrama parivAra niyojana meM sakriya yoga dekara janmadara ghaTAne kA stutya prayAsa pratIta hotA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki janagaNanA karmacAriyoM kI anabhijJatA athavA asAvadhAnIvaza tathA kahIM-kahIM svayaM jainoM dvArA isa mAmale meM baratI gaI udAsInatA ke kAraNa pragaNakoM dvArA unamai se anekoM ko bhramavaza hiMdU dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM likha liyA gayA ho aura unakI sahI gaNanA na ho pAI ho| isa saMbhAvanA kA AdhAra yaha hai ki kaI sthAnoM para janagaNanA riporTa meM dikhAye gaye AMkar3oM se adhika saMkhyA meM jainI jana pAye jAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA ke anuyAyI ye zrAvaka Aja unake nirvANa ke DhAI sahasra varSa bAda bhI unake jIvana se preraNA grahaNa karate hue aura unake upadezoM ke yakiMcit anupAlana kA prayAsa karate hue eka sadanAgarika kA Adarza upasthita karate haiM / apanI svalpa saMkhyA aura sImita saMsAdhanoM ke sAtha ve apane dharma aura samAjoM kI hI nahIM, sampUrNa pradeza aura deza kI bhI sarvatomukhI unnati ke lie satata prayatnazIla haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ye zramaNopAsaka samagra bhAratIya samAja meM eka sammAnanIya sthAna prApta kiye hae haiN|
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________________ 102 ] kha -6 uttara pradeza kI jaina janasaMkhyA sUcI maNDala/jile kA nAma pUrNa yoga kula saMkhyA puruSa strI nagarIya kSetra puruSa strI grAmINa kSetra puruSa strI 148 1. gar3havAla maNDala 1. uttara kAzI 2. camolI 3. TiharI gar3havAla 4. gar3havAla 5. deharAdUna 169 3023 50 47 50 47 75 94 46 72 1812 1211 1673 1053 29 139 158 yoga 3453 2031 1422 1779 1180 252 242 2. kumAyU~ maNDala 6. pithaurAgar3ha 7. almor3A 8. nainItAla 20146 312 167 145 338 186 152 10 126 138 . 121 128 4 41 48 - 24 24 yoga 528 3. ruhelakhaNDa maNDala __9. bijanaura 10. murAdabAda 11. badAyUM 12. rAmapura 13. barelI 14. pIlIbhIta 15. zAhajahAMpura 1276 1701 539 534 305 28 77 yoga 4460 650 626 621611 29 15 873 680 643 193 185 341 198 283 14958 303 231 178 142 125 166 139 143 123 23 16 17 11 17 11 - - 37 40 25 33 127 2387 . 2073 1947 1712 440 361 4. meraTha maNDatta 16. sahAranapura 17. mujaphpharanagara meraTha 8430 4411 4019 3749 3433 662 586 12151 6434 5717 4088 3496 2346 2221 27665 14115 13550 9121 8597 4994 4953 1199 622 577 374 367 248 210 49445 25582 23863 17332 15893 8250 7970 19. bulandazahara yoga
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________________ [ 103 maNDala/jile kA nAma kula saMkhyA puruSa strI nagarIya kSetra puruSa strI grAmINa kSetra puruSa strI kula yoga 5. AgarA maNDala 20. alIgar3ha 21. mathurA 22. AgarA 23. eTA 24. mainapurI 3041 1463 1578 1233 1216 230 362 1242 666 576 530 430 136 146 21255 11747 9508 9282 7365 2465 2143 4184 2105 2079 1307 1145 798 934 5593 2833 2760 1764 1857 1069 903 yoga 35315 18814 16501 14116 12013 4698 4488 6. ilAhAbAda maNDala 25. pharrukhAbAda 26. iTAvA 27. kAnapura 28. phatehapura 29. ilAhAbAda 713 2896 3637 152 846 372 341 347 323 18 1548 1348 1262 1102 286 246 1868 1769 1866 1763 2 6 81 71 16 1865 53 456 390 239 201 217 189 4325 3919 3730 3407 595 512 yoga 8244 16005 8429 7576 4106 3854 4243 3722 7. jhAMsI maNDala 30. jhAMsI 31. lalitapura 32. jAlauna 33. hamIrapura 34. bAndA 152 216 497 yoga 16870 78 74 37 34 41 40 115 101 80 69 35 32 192 305 192 297. 8814 8056 4450 4217 4364 3839 173 432 8. lakhanaU maNDala 35. khIrI 1 36. sItApura / 37. haradoI 38. unnAva 39. lakhanaU 40. rAyabarelI 93 218 51 80 214 44 50 177 51 53 177 44 43 41 - 27 37 - 95 18 1569 188 yoga 2475 805 764 803 761 85 103 70 85 1262 1213 1157 1125 2 15 105 3 18 88
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________________ 104 ] maNDala/jile kA nAma pUrNa yoga kula saMkhyA puruSa strI nagarIya kSetra puruSa strI grAmINa kSetra puruSa strI - 9. phaijAbAda maNDala 9 41. baharAica 42. goNDA 43. bArAbaMkI 44. phaijAbAda 45. sultAnapura 46. pratApagar3ha 365 ___ 50 1783 38 183 27 919 24 182 23 864 14 170 24 412 23 165 19 371 14 17 4 13 3 507 1 - 146 yoga 2256 1161 1095 637 581 . 524 514 10. gorakhapura maNDala 47. bastI 48. gorakhapura 49. devariyA 50. Ajamagar3ha 41 21 20 1488068 30 25 21 79 26 20 67 21 - 1 4 " | w yoga 260 141 119 136 114 5 5 11. vArANasI maNDala 51. jaunapura 52. baliyA 53. gAjIpura 54. vArANasI 55. mirjApura or ur 915 678 yoga 1612 531 375 920 384 303 692 466 259 739 344 216 565 65 116 181 40 87 127 uttara pradeza 1,24,728 65623 59105 4616140935 19462 18170 87096 37632
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________________ uttara pradeza meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra -DA0 zazikAnta hama Apako Aja se 2500 varSa pahale ke uttara pradeza meM le jA rahe haiN| vartamAna avadha ke kSetra meM usa samaya kosala janapada thaa| vahAM rAjA prasenajita rAjya karatA thaa| usane rAjatantra ko sudRr3ha kiyA aura kosala ko eka atyanta samRddha evaM zaktizAlI rAjya banA liyaa| kAzI janapada para vijaya prApta kara dakSiNa-pUrva meM sthita koliyoM, baliyoM aura zAkyoM kI janatAntrika sattAoM ko samApta kara rAptI ke pazcima aura gaMgA ke, uttara sampUrNa vizAla kSetra meM prasenajita kA rAjatAntrika ekAdhikAra sthApita ho cukA thaa| prasenajita vedaniSTha brAhmaNoM kA AzrayadAtA thA aura ve usake ekAdhikAra ke poSaka the| usakI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI rAptI nadI ke pazcimI taTa para himAlaya kI talahaTI meM eka suramya mahAnagara thaa| vahA~ seTha anAthapiDika aura seTha mRgAra jaise dhanavAna rahate the jinake pAsa dhana kI thAha nahIM thii| zrAvastI ke samIpa hI naMgalA saniveza thaa| yaha vedamiSTha brAhmaNoM kA kendra thaa| brAhmaNa-zreSTha apane saikar3oM antevAsI brahmacAriyoM ko vedAbhyAsa karAte the aura yajJa-karma meM lIna rahate the| sanniveza ke bAhara yajJa-pazUoM kA hATa thA jisameM veda-vihita paMca-pazu baMdhe hote the aura yajamAna dAma cukAkara apane hotR ke lie ina mUka pazuoM ko yajJabali hetu le jAte the| (pazuoM, bakaroM, mer3hoM kI cItkAra aura bandhana-mukta hone para dhamA-caukar3I) (brAhmaNoM evaM antevAsiyoM dvArA gAyatrI maMtra kA pAThaoM bhUrbhuvA svAhA / tatsaviturvareNyaM / bhargo devasya dhImahi dhyoyonaH pracodayAt / ) yajamAna binA yajJa-bali ke cale A rahe haiM / antevAsI cintita haiN| havirbhagni manda par3hatI jA rahI hai| vipra-zreSTha pauSkarasAdi apane Asana se mantra-pATha jArI rakhane kA saMketa karate haiN|
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________________ 106 ] kha --- 6 antevAsI vyagratA se nivedana karate haiM- "Arya zreSTha ! agnideva ruSTa haiM / bali kA samaya nikalA jA rahA / yajJa bhaMga ho rahA / yajamAna pazu lAne meM asamartha haiM / " pauSkarasAdi - - prasenajita ke rAjya meM agnideva zAnta rheNge| yajJa vidhi-pUrvaka hogA / agni ko paMca- pazu kI bali milegI / yajamAna pazu prastuta kareM / yajamAna ( sAmUhikanAda ) - "vipra zreSTha ! kSamA kreN| Aja hATa khAlI hai| eka bakarA bhI nahIM haiN| sabhI pazu zreSTha mRgAra ne pratyUSa kAla meM hI kraya karake bandhana mukta kara diye / " pauSkarasAdi - - " asambhava ! zreSThi mRgAra dhArmika hai, dharma kArya meM bAdhA nahIM degA / " eka yajamAna --"hA~ mahArAja / vaha kahatA hai pazuoM ko bandhana mukta karanA dhArmika hai / " (zreSThi mRgAra apane anucaroM ke sAtha yajJa bhUmi meM AtA hai / pAlakI se utara kara vinayapUrvaka vipra zreSTha ko namaskAra karatA hai aura nivedana kI AjJA cAhatA hai / vipra zreSTha uThakara usako "tathAstu" kahate haiM aura Asana dete haiM / ) zreSThi mRgAra - "vipra zreSTha ! ApakI zaMkA kA nivAraNa mere zAstA kara sakate haiN| kala hI vaha nagara ke bAhara vihAra karate hue Aye haiM / agnideva ko naivedya arpaNa kareM, vaha prasanna hoMge / yajJa-kArya meM vyavadhAna na hone deM / " pauSka rasAdi - "zreSThi ! tU dhArmika hai / maiM tere zAstA se abhI milanA cAhatA hU~ / " ( antevAsiyoM se ) - "ghRta - naivedya se agnideva ko zAnta karo / maMtroccAra jArI rkho|" ( 2 ) mRgAra aura pauSkarasAdi bastI se bAhara vana prakhaNDa ke samIpa eka tejasvI puruSa ko [ padmAsana lagAye dhyAnamudrA meM nimagna dekhate haiM / usakI dRSTi nAsAgra hai aura A~kheM adhakhulI haiN| apane caturdika vAtAvaraNa se vaha alipta hai aura AtmalIna hai / zreSThi aura vipra zreSTha usake sAmane jAkara use namaskAra karate haiN| vaha tapasvI unakI zaMkA jAnatA hai aura namaskAra ke uttara meM kahatA hai asatthaM savvao savyaM, vissa pANe piyAmae / na haNaM pANino pAne, bhaya-verAmro uvarae // taba pauSkirasAdi vicAra karatA hai - "sabhI prANiyoM meM eka jaisI AtmA hai aura sabhI prANiyoM ko apanAapanA jIvana pyArA lagatA hai / isaliye bhaya aura baira kI bhAvanA kA parityAga kara kisI prANI ko na to mArA jAya aura na to use kisI prakAra kA kaSTa hI diyA jAye / " mRgAra - "he vipra zreSTha ! mere zAstA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI vANI tumane sunI aura use vicArA / yajJa-karma meM pazu bali dhArmika nahIM hai / " pauSkarasAdi - " zreSThi ! sAdhu-sAdhu ! aba maiM ghRta-naivedya se hI agni ko prasanna karUMgA / merI zAlA meM pazu bali nahIM hogI / "
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________________ kha -6 / 107 (3) vatsa janapada kI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI yamunA nadI ke uttarI taTa para eka atyanta sampanna mahAnagara thaa| rAjA zatAnIka kI ajeya senA bhagga janataMtra ko parAbhUta kara cukI thI aura sona nadI pAra aMga ke rAjA dadhivAhana ko parAsta kara tatkAlIna rAjanIti meM apanI zakti kA sikkA jamA cukI thii| kauzAmbI kI hATa meM dAsiyoM kA kraya-vikraya vizeSa AkarSaNa kA viSaya hotA thaa| dUra-dUra ke dezoM se lAye gaye bandI yuvaka aura yuvatiyA~ pazuoM kI taraha baMdhe khar3e hote the| puruSa kI baliSThatA aura strI kA rUpa-lAvaNya evaM aMga-sauSThava kisI miTTI ke khilaune kI bhA~ti A~ke aura mola-bhAva kiye jAte the| eka vyApArI Aja eka hI rUpasI dAsI becane AyA thaa| vaha zoDaSI tanvaGgI thI, mukha lajjA se klAnta thA parantu abhijAtIya damaka se uddIpta bhI thaa| usake khar3e hone kI mudrA meM eka saMskArI nAgarikatA jhalaka rahI thii| eka hI vastra isa prakAra lapeTa diyA gayA thA ki grAhaka usake hara aMgaupAMga kA bharapUra nirIkSaNa kara le / vyApArI ne usakA mUlya eka sahasra raupya kArSApaNa niyata kiyaa| vyApArI ko apane mAla ke kharepana kA vizvAsa thaa| usane udghoSa kiyA-"rAjapuruSa, zreSThi aura nAgarika ! isa aspRzyA tanvagI ko dekheM / bhAgyazAlI hI ise dAsI rUpa meM grahaNa kara skegaa| eka sahasra raupya kArSApaNa mAtra usakI svarNabAlukA sadRza roma-rAji kA hI mUlya hai|" grAhakoM ko AkarSita karane ke liye vaha aksara apane daNDa se bAlA ke aMga-upAMgoM ko saMketa karatA thA aura lolupa dRSTiyAM bAlA kI klAnti meM vRddhi karatI thiiN| grAhaka bhauMroM kI taraha usake girda maMDarAte para mUlya sunakara udAsa ho cala dete / kauzAmbI kA vikhyAta seTha dhannA bhI apanI dUsarI patnI mUlA ke liye eka sahacarI dAsI kI khoja meM thaa| usane isa kanyA ko dekhA aura kraya kara liyaa| dhannA eka adher3a saumya nAgarika hai| use dUsarI patnI se bhI santAna nahIM hai| vaha kanyA se kahatA hai"bhadre ! tU kulIna vaMzajA pratIta hotI hai, apanI vipatti kaha / " dAsI--"svAmI ! maiM dAsI hU~ / kula naSTa ho gyaa| zIla kI rakSA kreN|" dhannA-"bhadre ! maiM saMtAna sukha se vaMcita huuN| tU merI poSitA hogii| merI patnI ko saMtAna-sukha de|" dAsI-"pitRvya, ApakI AjJA zirodhArya / " isa prakAra seTha usa kanyA ko apanI poSitA putrI banAkara ghara le AyA, parantu seThAnI mUlA use sauta hI samajhI aura eka dina seTha kI anupasthiti meM usane use sira mur3Akara, ber3I-hathakar3I pahanAkara, dahalIja meM banda kara diyaa| tIna dina ke nirAhAra ke bAda eka sUpa meM ur3ada ke kacce bAkale use khAne ko diye| saMyoga se usI samaya eka tapasvI, jo cha: mAha se nirAhAra vicara rahA thA, dhannA ke ghara ke sAmane se nikalA aura usane kanyA kI yaha karuNa dazA dekhii| kanyA ne ur3ada ke kacce bAkale hI sAdhu kI ora bar3hA diye aura usa karuNA ke avatAra ne unheM prasannatA pUrvaka grahaNa kara liyA aura kahA "dullahe khalu mANuse bhave, cirakAleNa vi savvapANiNaM / abhitura pAraM gamie / "
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________________ 108 ] kha- 6 kanyA ne vicAra kiyA - "manuSya janma atyanta durlabha hai aura sabhI prANiyoM ko dIrdhakAla ke bAda prApta hotA hai / isI janma meM manuSya saMsAra sAgara se pAra nikalane kA yatna kara sakatA hai / ataH jIvana-maraNa ke cakra se mukta hone kA yatna kro|" seTha ne yaha dRzya dekhA aura vismaya se kanyA ko bhI dekhA / kanyA ne batAyA- "maiM aMgarAja dadhivAhana kI putrI candanabAlA hU~ aura vaha tapasvI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiM / " candanabAlA antataH mahAvIra ke saMgha meM dIkSita ho gaI aura AryikA yA sAdhvI saMgha kI pramukha banI / ( 5 ) vatsa janapada meM hI tuMgiya sanniveza thA jahA~ datta brAhmaNa kI yajJazAlA thI / datta kI patnI karuNA ne metArya nAmaka putra ko janma diyA / metArya apane pitA kA anugAmI thA aura usane zIghra hI sampUrNa veda-sAhitya kA pArA - yaNa kara liyA evaM eka naiSThika yAjaka bana gayA / usakI zAlA meM saikar3oM antevAsI the / usane apane pitA se sunA thA--"pUrva bhArata meM eka zramaNa paramparA hai jo tapasyA para bala detI hai aura yAjJika karmakANDa ko vyartha batAtI hai | zramaNa sAdhu bastI se bAhara Thaharate haiM, kevala eka bAra AhAra ke liye bastI meM jAte haiM, eka sthAna para tIna dina se adhika nahIM Thaharate, apane pAsa parigraha nahIM rakhate aura aksara vastra bhI dhAraNa nahIM karate, tapa-saMyama meM dRr3ha rahate haiM aura mAMsAhAra nahIM krte| vaha jAti-pAMti meM vizvAsa nahIM karate aura sabhI ko upadeza bhI dete haiM aura sabhI se bhikSA bhI lete haiM / vaha veda kI nindA nahIM karate, brAhmaNa kI bhI nindA nahIM karate, parantu varNAzrama ko garhita batAte haiM aura karmakaNDa ko vRthA batAte haiM / " tArya ne apane antevAsiyoM se sunA - " zramaNoM meM antima tIrthaMkara ke isa kAla meM hone kI anuzruti hai aura sAta tapasvI tIrthaMkaratva kA dAvA karate haiM / " tArya ne pUchA- - "kauna haiM ve tapasvI aura kyA hai unakI prakRti ?" antevAsI - "Arya ! eka haiM kapilavastu ke zAkya muni gautama buddha jo bhoga aura tyAga ke madhya kA mArga dukha se mukti ke liye batAte haiM / unakA eka saMgha hai aura magadharAja bimbisAra tathA kosalarAja prasenajita unake bhakta haiM / dUsare haiM pUrana kAssapa jo akriyAvAda kA pratipAdana karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki duSkarma se pApa aura satkarma se puNya nahIM hotA kyoMki ina karmoM kA AtmA para koI prabhAva nahIM hotA / tIsare haiM makkhali gosAla jo niyativAdI haiM / ve nagna rahate haiM aura unake anuyAyI AjIvaka kahalAte / unakA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra sUta kA golA pheMkane para usake pUrI taraha khula jAne taka vaha Age bar3hatA jAyegA, usI prakAra buddhimAnoM aura mUrkhoM ke dukhoM kA nAza tabhI hogA jaba ve saMsAra kA samagra cakkara pUrA kara cukeMge / cauthe haiM ajita kekambalina jo ucchedavAdI haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki zarIra ke bheda ke pazcAt vidvAnoM aura mUrkhoM kA uccheda hotA ve naSTa hote haiM, aura mRtyu ke bAda unakA kucha bhI zeSa nahIM rahatA / pAMcaveM haiM pakudha kaccAyana jo anyonyavAdI haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki pRthvI, Apa, teja, vAyu, sukha, dukha evaM jIva, sAta zAzvata padArtha haiM jo kisI ke kiye, karavAye, banavAye yA banAye hue nahIM haiM /
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________________ kha-6 [ 109 chaThe haiM saMjaya belaThiputra jo vikSepavAdI haiN| unakI paraloka, karmaphala aura mRtyu ke bAda jIva kI sthiti ke viSaya meM koI nizcita dhAraNA nahIM hai| sAtaveM haiM nirgrantha jJAtaputra vardhamAna mahAvIra / unake anuyAyI unheM 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA sUcita karate haiM / nagna digambara rahate haiM aura pAMca mahAvratoM kA kaThora pAlana karate haiN| unakA caturvidha saMgha haiM jisameM muni, AryikA, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAyeM haiN| munisaMgha ke pradhAna vipravara indrabhUti gautama haiM aura AryikA saMgha kI pradhAna satI candanA haiM / magadharAja zreNika-bimbisAra aura unakI rAnI celanA, vatsa kI rAjamAtA mRgAvatI, avanti kI rAja-mahiSI, vajjisaMgha ke adhinAyaka ceTaka, malla gaNa, zreSThi dhannA, zreSThi mRgAra, nAgarika saradeva aura usakI bhAryA dhanyA Adi gaNamAnya nara-nArI unake zrAvaka-saMgha aura zrAvikA-saMgha ke sadasya haiN|" metArya-"sAdhu ! kyA indrabhUti magadha dezIya vasubhUti gautama kA putra hai ?" antevAsI-"hAM, vipra-zreSTha !" metArya-"sAdhu ! kyA candanA vahI devI hai jise eka tapasvI ne bandhanamukta kiyA thA ?" antevAsI--"hAM, vipravara ! aura vaha tapasvI yahI vardhamAna mahAvIra the|" metArya--"sAdhu !" antevAsI-"vipra-zreSTha ! kampilapura se kundakolita aura usakI bhAryA puSpA Aye haiM aura yaha samAcAra lAye haiM ki nimrantha mahAvIra kauzAmbI se vihAra kara cuke haiM aura kala isa sanniveza ke nikaTa aayeNge|" metArya-"kundakolita aura usakI bhAryA ko atithizAlA meM vizrAma kraao| kala hama saba antevAsiyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra se bheMTa karane cleNge|" sAgavatAsana tuMgiya sanniveza ke IzAnakoNa meM zmazAna ke kone para mahAvIra kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhyAnamagna khar3e haiN| unakI dRSTi nAsAgra hai, oThoM para manda smita hai aura unakI AbhA se caturdika vAtAvaraNa meM eka apUrva zAnti hai| __ kundakolita aura puSpA ke sAtha metArya aura usake antevAsI namaskAra kara vinayapUrvaka khar3e ho jAte haiN| mahAvIra unakI zaMkA kA bodha kara lete haiM aura kahate haiM cauhi ThANehi jIvAmaNussattAte kamma phAreMti , taMjahA pagatimaddayAe, pagativiNIyAe , sANukkosayAe amcchriyaae| metArya vicAra karatA hai-"cAra kAraNoM se jIva ko manuSya janma milatA hai| eka to vaha prakRti se bhadra ho, dUsare vaha prakRti se vinayI ho, tIsare vaha dUsare ke duHkha ko dUra kare aura cauthe vaha dUsare kI samRddhi dekhakara IrSyA na kre|" mahAvIra punaH kahate haiM nANaM va dasaNaM ceva carittaM ca tvothaa| esa maggoti pannatto jirNehi vara daMsihi //
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________________ 110 ] metArya punaH vicAra karatA hai "samyaka dRSTi jina arthAt jitendriya tIrthaMkaroM ne jIva ke saMsAra se bandhana mukta hone kA mArga yaha batAyA hai ki use AtmA ke svarUpa kA samyaka jJAna ho, usake bAre meM samyaka zraddhAna ho, usakA caritra karmoM kI nirjarA ke yogya ho aura vaha tapazcaraNa dvArA pUrva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA jAye tathA naye karmoM kA bandha na kre|" metArya (kundakolita se)--"he kundakolita ! bhagavAna yathArtha kahate haiM / maiM Aja se unakA ziSya huuN|" (antevAsiyoM se):--"tuma aba jA sakate ho| guru-patnI se kahanA ki metArya aba muni ho gayA, usakA moha na kre|" (mahAvIra se)--"bhagavana ! mujhe bhI bhava-bandhana se mukta karo-dIkSA do|" metArya apane vastra utAra detA hai aura apanI muTThI se keza-loMca karake mahAvIra ke pIche-pIche vihAra kara jAtA hai / metArya mahAvIra ke gyArahaveM gaNadhara yA mukhya ziSya huye / (7) kAzI janapada kI rAjadhAnI vArANasI meM bar3I halacala hai| nagara ke bAhara koSThaka caitya meM eka digambara sAdhu Akara Thahare haiN| vaha do zatAbdI pUrva huye tIrthakara pArzva ke cAturyAma saMvara kA pariSkAra kara zramaNa saMgha kI punarvyavasthA kara rahe haiM / cUlanipriya aura usakI patnI zyAmA tathA sUradeva aura usakI bhAryA dhanyA tIrthaMkara pArzva ke anuyAyiyoM ke sAtha koSThaka caitya jAte haiN| muni dhyAnAvasthita haiN| zrAvoM kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate haye bhagavAna kahate haiM hiMsA pAvaM timado, dayApahANo jaho dhammo / jaha te Na piyaM dukkhaM, taheva tesipi jANa jIvANa // cUlanipriya vicAra karatA hai "hiMsA pApa hai, kyoMki dayA saba dharmoM meM pradhAna hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra hameM dukha priya nahIM hai usI prakAra anya jIvoM ko bhI nahIM hai / yaha ahiMsA nAma kA prathama vrata hai jise tIrthaMkara pArzva ne bhI batAyA thaa|" bhagavAna punaH kahate haiM avissAso ya bhUyANaM, tamhA mosaM vivuje| asacca mosaM saccaM ca annvjjmkkksN| samuppehamasaMdiddhaM giraM bhAsejja panavaM / zyAmA vicAra karatI hai: "jhUTha bolane vAlA sabhI kA vizvAsa kho detA hai| isalie jhUTha bolanA ucita nahIM hai| aisI bhASA bolanI cAhiye jo vyavahAra meM bhI satya ho aura nizcaya meM bhI satya ho arthAt priya ho, hitakArI ho aura aMsadigdha ho / yaha satya nAma kA dUsarA brata hai jise tIrthakara pArzva ne bhI batAyA thaa|" bhagavAna Age kahate haiM icchA mucchA taNhA gehi asaMjamo kaMkhAM / hatthalahuttaNaM parahaDaM teNikaM kddyaaavtte||
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________________ [ 111 sUradeva vicAra karatA hai "paradhana kI icchA, mUrchA, tRSNA, gupti, asaMyama, AkAMkSA, hAtha kI saphAI, para-dhana-haraNa, kUTa-tola-mApa aura binA dI huI vastu lenA-ye saba kAma corI haiN| inase virata rho| yaha asteya nAma kA tIsarA brata hai jise tIrthakara pArzva ne bhI batAyA thaa|" bhagavAna punaH kahate haiM ambhaMtara bahirae samve gaMthe tumaM vivajjehi / sambattha appasiyo NissaMgoNimao ya savvattha // cullanisataka vicAra karatA hai "bhItara aura bAhara kI saba granthiyoM ke unmocana kA nAma aparigraha hai| parigraha se rahita vyakti svAdhIna aura nirbhaya rahatA hai| ataH parigraha chodd'o| yaha aparigraha nAma kA cauthA vrata hai jise tIrthaMkara pArzva ne bhI batAyA thaa|" bhagavAna Age kahate haiM sIlagaNavajjivANaM niratyayaM mANasaM jamma / sIlaM mokkhassa sopaannN| dhanyA vicAra karatI hai "zIla se vihIna vyakti ke liye manuSya-janma nirarthaka hai kyoMki zIla hI mokSa kI sIr3hI hai / zIla kA pAlana kro| yaha brahmacarya nAma kA pAMcavA vrata hai jise mahAvIra ne batAyA hai|" anta meM bhagavAna kahate haiM cattAri dhammadArA-khaMtI, muttI, ajjave, mahave / utpAI jANa jarao royaggI jA Na Dahai behddi| iMdiyabalaM ga viyalai tAva tuma kuNahi appahiyaM / / sabhI jana vicAra karate haiM "dharma ke cAra dvAra haiM-kSamA, saMtoSa, saralatA aura vinaya / vRddhAvasthA, indriya-zithilatA aura roga, ye zArIrika dharma haiM jinake kAraNa manuSya Atma-kalyANa meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| ataH jaba taka zarIra vaddha nahIM ho jAtA, roga zarIra ko naSTa nahIM kara detA aura indriyoM kI zakti kSINa nahIM hotI, taba taka dharmArAdhanA dvArA AtmakalyANa kara lo|" zrAvaka samudAya (dhIra-gambhIra samveta svara se udghoSa karatA hai)-"dhanya, dhanya, prabho! hamArA bhrama dUra huaa| mahAvIra, Apa hamAre zAstA haiM / pArzva kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAne vAle haiN| Apa hI hamArI paramparA ke 24veM tIrthaMkara haiN|"
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________________ uttara pradeza ke utkIrNa jaina lekha aura unakA mahatva -zrI zailendrakumAra rastogI bhArata-hRdaya uttara pradeza apanI purA-sampadA ke kAraNa vizvavikhyAta hai / jaina, bauddha evaM brAhmaNa saMskRti kA saMgama yaha bhUmi rahI hai| yaMto pUre pradeza meM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina maMdira nagaroM aura grAmoM meM bikhare par3e haiN| kitane to khaNDahara mAtra haiM aura kitane hI sundara avasthA meM haiN| ina maMdiroM meM lekhayukta evaM lekha rahita, prAcIna evaM arvAcIna jinavigraha prApta hote haiN| pahale prakAra kI pratimAoM kI saMkhyA usameM apekSAkRta kama hai, kintu madhyakAlIna evaM Adhunika lekhayukta bahuta mUrtiyAM mileNgii| jaina bimba isa pradeza meM rAjaghATa va candrAvatI (vArANasI); zrAvastI (goMDA-baharAica); kakubha (kahA~yU) aura khukhunda (gorakhapura); zaurIpura (AgarA); mathurA-caurAsI va kaMkAlITIlA Adi; eTA; kampila, saMkisA, kannauja (pharrukhAbAda); candavADadurga (phirojAbAda); dvArAhATa (almor3A); zrInagara (gar3havAla); nainItAla; goviSANa-kAzIpura; hastinApura (meraTha); purimatAla' (prayAga), pabhosA, kauzAmbI; iTAvA; ronAI (ratnapurI), ayodhyA, tilokapura (bArAbaMkI); unnAva; mahobA, jhAMsI, lalitapura jiloM ke bAnapura, cAMdapura, dudhaI, devagar3ha prabhRti se prApta hotI haiN| purAtAttvika samRddhi ko dekhate hue saMgrahAlayoM kI saMkhyA ati nyUna hai| mukhya saMgrahAlaya jahA~ jaina kalAkRtiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM ve haiM bhArata kalA bhavana (vArANasI), ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya, rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya mathurA aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya lkhnuu| bhArata kalA bhavana kI kucha abhilikhita jaina pratimAe~ prakAzita huI haiN|' ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM yUM to u0 pra0 evaM madhya pradeza kI jaina pratimAeM Adi haiM kintu mUtti lekhoM kI daSTi se patiyAnadAI (ma0pra0 satanA) se prApta ambikA kI mUtti hai| yaha anupama kRti hai kyoMki isI para teIsa anya zAsana deviyAM bhI banI haiN| unake nIce unake nAma bhI utkIrNa haiN| madhya meM "rAmadAsa" "padmAvatI" 1-munikAntisAgara, khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava, pR0 187 2-uparokta sUcanA ke lie maiM pUjya DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina jI kA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| 3-zrI mArutinandana prasAda tivArI ne vibhinna patrikAoM meM prakAzita karAyA hai| 4-jaina nIraja, patiyAna dAI maMdira kI mUti, anekAnta aga063, pR0 99 zrI pramoda candra, sTona skalpacara ina ilA0 cinna-470 CLX |
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________________ kha --- 6 [ 113 likhA hai / vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki rAmadAsa ne ise sthApita karAyA / padmAvatI usakI strI kA nAma hai yA vaha padmAvatI kA rahane vAlA hogA / yahIM kI eka baiThI bar3I jinapratimA kI caukI para "balAtkAra gaNa, vIranaMdI, varddhamAna, 1214 phAlguna sudI 9 aMkita hai / isase isa pratimA kI sthApanA tithi jJAta ho jAtI hai / " rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya mathurA meM abhilikhita jaina mUrtiyoM kA krama isa prakAra hai : kuSANakAla - kyU-2 loNazobhikA kA AyAgapaTTa; bI0 71 abhilikhita caumukhI saM0 5; naM0 1565 baiThI pratimA saM0 30 bI0 70; bI0 29 huviSka saM0 50 naM0 490 ( paira mAtra zeSa) vardhamAna pratimA saM0 80 bI-2 baiThI jinapratimA - vAsudeva saM0 83; bI-3 va bI0 4 vAsudeva saM0 83, 84; bI0 5, baiThI saM0 90; naM0 2126 khaMDita baiThI, vardhamAna, tathA zaka saMvata 92, 90 evaM 107 kI pratimAe~ / guptakAla : - bI- 31 jinapratimA bA~yA bhAga saM0 97; tathA naM0 268 (i) siddham RSabhasya samudra (ii) sAgarAbhyAM saGkarasya (iii) dattAsAgarasya pratimA / madhyayuga kI lekha yukta jaina pratimAe~ :- bI0 25 zveta, baiThI, saMvata 1526; bI0 22 neminAtha, saMvata 1104 bhadezvarAyagaccha mahila; naM0 2825 supArzvanAtha, saMvata 1826 = 1769 I0; naM0 3545 sirahIna baiThI jinamUrti saMvata 1826 I0 = 1769 I0 / rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU meM jaina mUrti lekhoM kA bRhat saMgraha hai| jaina dhAtu pratimAe~ lekha yukta tathA kucha lekha rahita haiM / kintu haiM sabhI madhyayugIna / lekha yukta jaina dhAtu pratimAoM kI saMkhyA teisa hai / ' eka mRNmUrti ( 53 - 69 ) hai / ise lakhImapurakhIrI se pAyA gayA hai| utkIrNa hai / miTTI kI jaina mUttiyA~ vaise hI durlabha haiM, kintu likhita hone ke ho jAtI hai / saMgraha meM madhyayugIna do zilAlekha I- 16 evaM I- 17 haiN| donoM hI kacchapaghAta kAlIna haiM aura saMvata 116 va 1165 ke haiM, jo gvAliyara se prApta hue haiN| prathama meM to ratanapAla dvArA jaina maMdira ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai tathA dUsare meM "nirgranthanAtha" ( digambara sAdhu) kA ullekha hai jo kisI zaiva sAdhu kA mitra thA / isa saMgrahAlaya meM jainamUtti lekhoM kI saMkhyA 180 haiM, jo kuSANa, gupta, madhya evaM Adhunika kAlIna haiM / inake prApti sthala mathurA, zrAvastI, baTezvara, unnAva, mahobA Adi u0 pra0 ke sthAnoM ke atirikta dUbakuMDagvAliyara evaM chatarapura-madhya pradeza bhI haiM / katipaya viziSTa mahatva ke jaina pratimA abhilekha nIce diye jA rahe haiM :sarvaprathama hai dvAra toraNa (je - 532) jisameM kuSANalipi meM " namo arahatAnaM zravaNa zrAvikAye " arthAta arhantoM ko namana kiyA gayA hai| isI kAla ke do AyAgapaTTa je 248 para " namo mahAvIra " tathA je 256 para isa para gupta lipi meM " supAevaM" spaSTa kAraNa yaha aura adhika mahatva kI 5 - munikAntisAgara, khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava, pR0 221 6 - agravAla, DA0 vasudevazaraNa, kaiTAlAga Apha dI mathurA myUjiyama, yU0pI0 hisTA0 sosA0 na, XXIII, 1-2, pR0 36-65 7. -zrIvAstava, vI0ena0 eNDa mizra zivAdhAra - inveTarI Apha mathurA myu0 skalpcarasa, sinsa 1939 apaTUDeTa, myU0 buleTina 11-12 varSa 73, pR0 99 8 - jozI, nIlakaNTha puruSottama, meTala imejeja ina sTeTa myU lakha0, saMgra0 patrikA aM0 9, pR0 34
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________________ 114 ] "namo arahato vardhamAnasya gotiputrasya .........'' isameM bhI varddhamAna kA namana hai| ina apUrNa lekhoM ke bAda AtA hai je-1 (i) namo arahato vadhamAnasa / (ii) svamisa mahAkSatrapasasoDAsasa saMvatsare 72 hemantamAse 2 divase 9 hArIti punasa palasa bhAyAye smsivinaa| (ii) kAchIye amohinI sahAputrahipAlaghoSa pothaghoSena dhanaghoSena, AyAvatI pratithApitA / (iv) Ayavata arahatopUjAye / arthAta vardhamAna ko namaskAra hai| mahAkSatrapazoDAsa ke saMvatsara 72 ke hemanta mAsa meM amohinI ne AryAvatI arahato kI pUjA hetu sthApita kii| je-20-(i) saM 40, va 4 di 20 etasya pUrvAyaM koTTiye gaNo vararAyA zAkhAyA / (ii) ko aya'vRdhahasa arahato munisuvratasyapratimA nivayayati / (iii). "bhayAye zravikAye dinasa dAna pratimA vokai thUpe devanirmito pu..........|| arthAta saM0 49 meM zrAvikA dina ne munisuvrata kI pratimA sthApita kii| 'vodve' ko bAda meM 'deva' par3hA gyaa| prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM varNita deva nirmita stUpa kI puSTi meM yaha akATya pramANa hai| je-24--(i) [si] ddha savaM 50,4 hemanta mAse caturatha 4 divasa 10 a (ii) sya pUrvayA koTTiya to gaNato sthAniyato kulto| (iii) vairatozAkhAto zrI gRhIto saMbhogato vAcakasyA(iv) ...isisyaM zrISya gaNisya Aryamastisya sadhAcArI vAcakasya [A] (v) rya devasya nirvattano govasya sIha putrasya lohikAkArU kasya dAnaM / (vi) [sa] va sattvAna hita sukha eka sarasvatI pratimA sthApito avatale raMganatano / (vi) me / / arthAta saMvata 54 meM eka sarasvatI kI pratimA eka lohikakAraka ke dAna se sthApita hii| yaha vizva kI sarvaprAcIna sarasvatI pratimA hai, pustaka akSamAlA lie hai| vINA haMsa bAda ke haiM / aisA isa pratimA ke dekhane se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai| je-34--(i) namo arhato mahAvIrasya saM0 90 (3)... " (ii ) ziSya gaNisya nandiye nivatana devasasya hairaNyakasyadhita (iii) ... ni ..."vato vaddhamAna pratimA (iv) prati...."pUjAye // isameM 'mahAvIra' saMvata ke sAtha hai tathA nIce vardhamAna pratimA spaSTa likhA hai| kyA yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki mahAvIrasya saMvata 93 ho / yadi mAna leM to mahAvIra saMvata kA prayoga usa kAla meM pracalita thA, isakA patA calatA hai| taduparAnta gupta lipikA mUtti lekha AtA hai je-36 (i) siddhama parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja zrI kumAraguptasya vijayarAjya sa 100, 10, 3ka ..."masa "divasa 20 asya pUvAya koTTiyagaNa /
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________________ [ 115 (i) davidyAdharito zAkhAto datilAcArya praNApatiye samADhAye bhaTTibhAvasya dhitu grahamitra pAlita pratirika sya [kuTumbinI ye pratimA pratisthApita / zubhaparama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja kumAragupta ke vijayarAjya 113 meM bhaktibhAva se zyAmAr3hayA ke parivAra vAloM ne pratimA sthApita karAI, vidhAdharizAkhA ke datilAcArya kI AjJA se / isa svarNayugIna pratimA lekha ke bAda hameM madhya evaM Adhunika yuga ke mUrti lekha milate haiM jinameM mahobA se prApta saMvata 1211 kA je-829-golApurvAnvaye sAdhusADhetapura lAkhUtasya putra vAgalha deva katale (?) jAlha zrI jIlhaNapate nitya praNamati / (ii) zrI manmadanavammadevarva hai saM0 1211 ASAr3ha sudi 3 (iii) sano 11 deva shrii||)( // deva zrI neminAtha // rUpakAra lASaNa // arthAta caMdela zAsaka madanavarmadeva ke samaya neminAtha kI pratimA banI hai / caukI mAtra kAle patthara kI hai golApUrvAnvaye kA ullekha AhAra kI kunyunAtha evaM aranAtha kI pratimAoM para jo saMvata 1203 va 1209 kI haiM, pAte haiN| 8 (je0 829) meM rUpakAra lASaNa-laSana thA jisakA usane ullekha svayaM kiyA hai| isake bAda AtI hai gAhar3avAla zAsaka govindacandra kAlIna pratimA je-884, jo unnAva se prApta je-884 (i) saMvata 1210 jyeSTha sudi 3 zrImagovinda canda devasyarAjye (i) vAmavAstavya-avaye ? aneka mulaga (gu) nAlaMkRta vigraha catunaiva [?] nirata.""kumohi-kuMbhotpAmaka kamathara / (iii) zrI sAdhu sojana sudharama naika [?] ilAcandra naikapavova [?] sAdhu jAlhaNa tanaka [?] jinanAya (va)[va] pratisthApini / arthAta sAdhu jAlhaNa ne saMvata 1210 meM munisuvrata kI pratimA sthApita kraaii| yadyapi lekha meM unakA nAma nahIM hai kintu kacchapa mUrtipIThikA para aMkita hai / bhagavAna neminAtha mandira cauka lakhanaU se prApta padmAsanastha digambara jinapratimA [72-5] jo akhaMNDita, manojJa evaM tIna tarapha se lekhAMkita hai| [72-5] (i) saMvata 1688 varSephAlguNa sudi 8 zrI mUla saM......... (ii).. bhaTTaraka zrI NAnabhUSaNa devA tibhaTTAraka shriivndaapaa| (ii) . 'tuvA jAtiyopamAne bhAryA thANAgayopu [2] (iv)..'pAsubhA mathurA [rA] pa paSThe puna 4 uye citAmani pIche hAvacanda se nimAhinAtAta pajAmAvA va pavanAputra bhayAparimagaja sutayo punavA levavaGga pahIrAmapUtapra premavArAma nitya pramati / ___arthAta saMvata 1688 phAlguNa sudi 8, mUlasaMgha, bhaTTAraka, zrIjJAnabhUSaNa, pahIrAma evaM cintAmani (ye zabda vicAra karane yogya haiM), yadyapi lAJchana kA sthAna kSatigrasta hai kintu lekha meM "ciMtAmani" se yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha pArzvanAtha pratimA hogI, yadyapi yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki sarpaphaNa kA nitAntAbhAva hai| 9-jaina, hIrAlAla, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 35 10-jaina, kasturacanda, tIthaMkaroM kI prAcInatA, anekA069, pR099
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________________ 116 ] ina nidarzanoM ke alAvA kakubha-kahA~yU u0 pra0 ke gorakhapura jilA se samrATa skandagupta (460I0) jyeSTha mAsa kA paJca Adi kartRna' [Adi, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra] zilAlekha bhI ullekhanIya hai / 11 lalitapura jile ke devagar3ha mandira kI abhilikhita jaina pratimAoM ke lekha tathA paTTalekha tathA stambha lekha haiM / pratimA lekha adhikAMza apUrNa haiM / mUrti lekha kama sakhyA meM pUrNa haiM / paTTa aura stambha lekha lambe haiM / inameM bhoja (862 I0) ke samaya kA lekha mahatvapUrNa hai| sAre lekha 9 vIM se 12 zatI taka ke haiN| inakI saMkhyA cAra sau se Upara hai| yahAM para jaina mandiroM meM yakSiyoM kI pratimAoM ke paTTa para unake nAma utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| utkIrNa lekhoM kI lipi 950 I0 ke lagabhaga kI pratIta hotI hai|" isa prakAra se jaina-pratimAoM ke mUttilekha, saMvata, AcArya, saMgha, gaNa, zAkhA, gaccha, saMsthApaka, zAsaka, pratiSThA sthAna, rUpakAra kA sundara vivecana karate haiN| sthAna evaM zAsaka kA ullekha karAne vAle, cauka lakhanaU ke bhagavAna zAntinAtha mandira baharana Tole kI zveta pASANa caukI ke abhilekha ko dekheM: saMvata 1863 .. * caraNa bharAyA vRhatkharataragache bhaTTAraka zrI jinaharSa sUribhiH pratiSThitaM zreyArtha zAsana devI asya maMdirasya rakSA kurvantu // shrii||shrii / / zrI lakhanaU nagaramadhye navAba sAhaba sahAdata ali vijaya rAjye // isase spaSTa vidita hotA hai ki saMvata 1863 meM lakhanaU meM navAba sAdataalI kA zAsana thA, usI samaya ye caraNa mandira meM sthApita hue / lekha saMskRta meM hai yadyapi nagara meM urdU kA bolabAlA rahA hogaa| ___ astu cirakAla se upekSita ina mUka kintu tathyapUrNa abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se kyA khoja kA mArga prazasta nahIM hotA hai ? kyA ina lekhoM ke vivecana se jaina itihAsa yathA zrAvakoM kI jAti, gotra, AcAryoM ke gaccha, bhASA va lipikA kramika vikAsAdi viSayoM para samucita prakAza nahIM par3atA hai ? kyA yaha kahanA ki ye lekha itihAsa tathA jaina saMskRti ke jJAna hetu, ratnAkara tulya hai, ucita na hogaa| 11-phlITa, kArpasa insakrapzansaiDakorama, sarakAra DI0 sI0 slekTeDa iMskRpzansa 12-kalsabruna (Klaus Bruhn) dI jaina imajeja Apha devagar3ha 104 13-jaina, bAlacandra, jaina pratimA vijJAna, khaNDa-1, pR108 14. nAhara, pUrNacanda-jainalekha saMgraha, bhA0 2, lekha saM. 1525, pR.119
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________________ IMAGE-PEDESTAL OF THE 18TH JAIN TIRTHANKARA ARANATHA SEXANERMITARY MANORAMA 42-'devanirmita stUpa' lekha yuta munisuvrata-pratimA kI caraNacaukI, kaMkAlI TolA mathurA (rA0 sa0 lakhanaU) 13-varddhamAna-catubimba, mathurA (rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU)
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________________ 44-'namo varddhamAna' lekhayuta AryAvatI (bhagavAna kI mAtA) kI pratimA, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA (rA. saM0 lakhanaU)
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________________ , 6.141 5: 45-pratimA sarvatobhadrikA, eTA, (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU)
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________________ 46-kalApUrNa bhAmaMDala se yukta tIrthaGkara-pratimA. guptakAlIna, mathurA (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU) |
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________________ bha 47-vizvavizruta mahAvIra-pratimA, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU)
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________________ 46-nIlAMjanA nRtya paTa (apUrNa), kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU) 49-nIlAMjanA natya evaM RSabhanAtha vairAgya paTa (pUrNa), mathurA (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU)
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________________ rAjya saMgrahAlaya kI mahAvIra pratimAe~ rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI aneka prastara satimAe saMgrahIta haiM, jo yA to kAyotsarga (khaDgAsana) mudrA meM, yA padmamAsanastha (baiThI huI dhyAnastha), donoM rUpoM meM haiN| saMgrahAlaya meM saMgrahIta kalAkRtiyoM meM kAla kI dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sarva prAcIna aMkana unakI pUjA ke hetu sthApita zilAphalaka yA AyAgapaTTa (je0 248) meM prApta hai, jisa para "namo arhato mahAvIrasya......" abhilikhita hai| isa AyAgapaTTa ke kendra meM utkIrNa dharmacakra ke dvArA pratIka rUpa se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upasthiti sUcita kI gayI hai| eka anya khaNDita AyAgapaTTa (je0 256) para "namo arhato vardhamAnasya............" utkIrNa haiN| eka stambha (je0 268) para siMha dhvaja kA aMkana hai| usa para usakI pradakSiNA karate hue strI-puruSa bhI aMkita haiN| isa siMhadhvaja meM siMha dvArA, jo tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA viziSTa lAMchana hai, unakI upasthiti sUcita kI gayI hai| eka anya phalaka (je. 1) meM pUjA ke hetu jAtI huI eka upAsikA aMkita hai aura "namo ahaMto vardhamAnasa" lekha hai| 'vardhamAna' evaM 'mahAvIra' vilikhita kuSANayugIna baiThI athavA khar3I, khaNDita yA akhiNData pratimAe (je02, 5,9,14,16 aura 31) vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| inameM se kucha pratimAoM para to kuSANa zAsakoM ke nAma evaM zAsana varSa bhI ullikhita haiM, jinake kAraNa una pratimAoM kA aitihAsika mahatva bhI bahuta hai| lekha athavA lAMchana (paricaya cinha) se yukta bhagavAna mahAvIra kI koI guptakAlIna pratimA saMgrahAlaya meM nahIM haiM, kintu mathurA se hI prApta je0 118, je0 104 tathA sItApura se prApta o0 181 ko bha0 mahAvIra kI guptakAlIna pratimAoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| inameM se je0 118 to antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta kara cukI hai| / yoM to saMgrahAlaya meM guptakAlIna evaM madhyakAlIna caubIsI-paTTa bhI haiM, parantu una sabhI meM mUla nAyaka prathama tIrthakara RSabhanAtha haiM-gauMNa rUpa se mahAvIra kA aMkana avazya hai| saMvata 1080 kI abhilikhita sarvatobhadrikA pratimA (je0 236) ullekhanIya hai / usa para AcArya vijaya siMhasUri aura zrI jinadevasUri tathA svayaM bhagavAna barddhamAna ke nAma aMkita haiN| isa caumukhI pratimA meM cAroM ora bhagavAna varddhamAna kA hI aMkana hai| saMvata 1223 kI siMha lAMchana se yukta lekhAMkita padmamAsanastha bhUre pASANa kI mahAvIra pratimA (je0782) iTAvA janapada se prApta huii| zrAvastI(jilA baharAica) se prApta paMcatIrthI (je.880) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA lAMchana aMkita hai aura abhilekha saMvat 1134 kA hai| isa mUrti ke sambandha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki usameM "vIranAtha" ke nAma se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| usa para AcArya rAmasiMha kA bhI nAmollekha hai| zrAvastI se hI prApta eka tritIrthI (je. 875) meM siMha lAMchana yukta mahAvIra kI dhyAna mudrA kI pratimA hai| lekha aspaSTa hai / kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita, prabhAmaNDala rahita, zyAma pASANa kI eka mahAvIra pratimA (jI. 318) mahobA (jilA hammIrapura) se prApta huI / lekha se prakaTa hai ki usakI pratiSThA saMvata 1283 ke ASAr3ha mAsa meM huI thii| kAle pASANa kI, siMha lAMchana yukta, digambara (nagna), akhaNDita tathA prabhAmaNDala se yukta mahAvIra pratimA (je. 887) para saMvata 1236 tathA 'mUla nAyaka ko sAdhu mADU namana karatA hai' likhA hai / / uttara pradeza ke paurANika tIrtha sthAna nemiSAraNya-misarikha (jilA sItApura) se prApta pItavarNa pASANa kI eka madhyayugIna pratimA (o. 182) kI pIThikA para siMha lAMchana khacita hai / isa mahAvIra pratimA kI mukha chavi tejasvitApUrNa hai| neminAtha digambara jaina mandira cauka lakhanaU se hAla meM hI bheMTa svarUpa prApta pratimA (72-4) kI pIThikA para "saMvata..................4 budhavAsare 20 candramAha" tathA pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga meM "varddhamAnamaMgala pratimA aMkita haiM / saMvata kI varSa saMkhyA spaSTa par3hane meM nahIM aatii| pratimA madhyakAlIna hai| isa prakAra uttara pradeza rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU meM I0 san ke prArambha kAla se lekara madhyakAla paryanta kI mahAvIra pratimAoM kI eka acchI zRMkhalA surakSita hai| -DA0 nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI
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________________ rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU kA nIlAJjanA-paTa uttara pradeza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM, vizeSakara mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA kSetra se prAcIna jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke anupama evaM vividha dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa nUmane prApta hue haiN| tIrthadUroM, devI devatAoM, dhArmika pratIkoM, loka jIvana sUcaka evaM prAkRtika dRzyoM ke prastarAMkanoM ke atirikta kaI jaina paurANika dRzyoM ke mahatvapUrNa aMkana bhI prApta hue haiN| inameM se vizeSa ullekhanIya eka khaMDita prastara phalaka (je 354) hai jo bAda meM eka vedikA ke chora vAle stambha ke rUpa meM prayukta huA pratIta hotA hai jaisA ki usake sire para paTabala bane khA~ce se vidita hotA hai / dA~yeM chora ke bhAga meM maMDapa ke nIce eka nartakI nRtya kara rahI hai aura vAdaka vRnda mRdaGgAdi vAdya bajA rahe haiM / maMDapa ke bAhara sabase Age eka rAjapuruSa baiThA hai jisake pIche tathA bagala meM kaI anya vyakti baiThe athavA khar3e haiN| bAMye chora para Upara eka vyakti hAtha jor3e bar3A hai aura usake Age-pIche kamaNDaladhArI eka digambara muni ukta sabhA mur3akara jAtA huA dikhalAyA gayA hai| mujhe lagatA thA ki isa kalAkRti kA lupta bhAga mila jAya to dRzya meM adhika pUrNatA A jAya, maiM usakI khoja meM lagA rahA aura saubhAgya se antataH usa khoye hue Tukar3e (je 609) ko khoja nikAlane meM maiM saphala huaa| isa para dhyAnastha baiThe hue do digambara muniyoM kA aMkana hai| inake pIche dAhinI ora eka cavarI vAhaka khar3A hai| isase kucha Age eka kAyotsarga nagnamuni kA UparI bhAga dikhalAI detA hai| dAyIM ora ke sire ke nikaTa eka arthaphAlaka (bhujA para khaNDavatra laTakAe hue sAdhu) kI jaisI AkRti banI pratIta hotI hai / mukhya AkRtiyAM U~cI pIThikAoM para AsIna haiM aura maMDita keza haiN| 1 isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai ki kalAkRti jaina dharma se saMbaMdhita hai aura kisI jaina paurANika dRzya kA aMkana hai| ukta nRtya dRzya ko pahale sva0 DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla sAhaba ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmotsava kA dRzyAMkana samajhA thA ( jaina enTIkverI, X pR0 1-5) kintu DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina ne use prathama tIrthaMGkara RSabhadeva kI rAjasabhA meM nIlAJjanA apsarA ke nRtya kA dRzya anumAna kiyA thA aura apanA sujhAva DA0 agravAla jI para bhI prAyaH prakaTa kara diyA thA, bAda meM DA0 pU0 pI0 zAha ne bhI nIlAJjanA nRtya (sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, pR0 11, ( ku0 no0 4) kA aMkana hI mAnya kiyA hai| mujhe bhI yaha mAnyatA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotI hai| isa prakAra isa kalAkRti ke donoM khaNDoM ko jor3ane se jo dRzya banatA hai use pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai -- (1) dhura dAhane chora para jahA~ aba sirpha AkRti dIkha par3atI hai sambhavatayA mahArAja RSabhadeva ke sammukha asalI nIlAJjanA kA aMkana thaa| (2) aba jo nRtya dRzya upalabdha hai vaha usa samaya kA pratIta hotA hai jaba asalI nIlAbjanA ke vilaya ho jAne para indra ne usake sthAna para vaisI hI dUsarI AkRti kI racanA kara dI thI, jise RSabhadeva ne lakSya kara liyA thA aura vaha ghaTanA unake vairAgya meM nimitta huI / (3) RSabhadeva vairAgya aura lokAntika devoM dvArA unakI stuti karanA / (4) RSabhadeva dvArA dIkSA lenA aura tapasyA karanA / (5) RSabha ko kevala jJAna kI prApti / RSabha vairAgya kI ukta ghaTanA kA vistRta evaM rocaka varNana AcArya jinasena kRta Adi purANa ( parva - 17) meM prApta hotA hai| mahArAja RSabhadeva ekadA jaba ayodhyA meM apanI rAjasabhA meM virAjamAna the to indra ne unheM saMsAra se virakta karane ke lie isa ghaTanA kI yojanA kI thI, jisase vaha tapaH sAdhanA dvArA kevala jJAna prApta karake tIrthaGkara rUpa meM loka kalyANa kareM / - zrI vIrendranAtha zrIvAstava
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________________ matharA saMgrahAlaya kI kuSANakAlIna jaina matiyA~ -zrI ramezacandra zarmA, nidezaka, rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, mathurA jaina dharma kA mathurA se dhaniSTha sambandha rahA hai / prAcIna aMga-sUtrI meM mathurA kA ullekha huA hai / prajJApanA sUtra meM 25 Arya dezoM meM zUrasena va matharA kA varNana hai| pAMcavIM zatI ke vasudeva hinDI prAkRta kathA-grantha ke zyAmA vijaya lambhaka meM kaMsa kA AkhyAna hai|' nizItha aura ThANAMga meM mathurA kI gaNanA bhArata kI 10 pramukha rAjadhAniyoM meM haI hai / ise arahaMta pratiSThita cirakAla pratiSThita Adi upAdhiyoM se sammAnita kiyA hai| mahApurANa ke praNetA AcArya jinasena ke anusAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke Adeza se indra ne jina 52 rAjyoM kI sRSTi kI thI unameM zUrasena bhI thA jisakI rAjadhAnI mathurA thii| jaina harivaMza purANa meM bhI zUrasena rAjya ko bhArata ke 18 mahArAjyoM meM batAyA hai| sAtaveM tIrthakara supArzvanAtha jI ke jIvana kI koI prasiddha ghaTanA yahA~ avazya ghaTita pratIta hotI hai kyoMki usakI smati meM eka pracIna stUpa kA nirmANa yahA~ huA thaa| caudahaveM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kI pUjA meM bhI eka e jAne kI kiMvadantI hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra ariSTanemi (22veM tIrthaMkara) zrIkRSNa ke tAU samudra vijaya ke putra the| inakA rAjya zauripura (baTezvara) jilA AgarA meM thaa| kalA meM bhI isa paramparA...... / yuga meM hI mila cukI thI kyoMki balarAma aura zrIkRSNa ke sAtha neminAtha kI pratimAeM mathurA kSetra meM kuSANa yuga se madhya kAla taka kI milatI haiN| sarpaphaNoM se AcchAdita aneka pratimAoM kI upalabdhi 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha jI kA bhI brajabhUmi se sambandha sthApita karatI hai| antima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra ne bhI vraja meM vihAra kiyA aura unakA samavasaraNa bhI yahA~ aayaa| usa samaya yahA~ kA rAjA uditodaya athavA bhIdAma thA jisane bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSA bhI lii| Avazyaka-Ni ke anusAra kaMvala aura zaMvala nAmaka do rAjakumAra unakI paricaryA karate the| nagara ke prasiddha seTha arhadAsa ne bhI mahAvIra jI se dIkSA lii| jaina dharma meM mathurA ko Adara kA sthAna milane kA anya vizeSa kAraNa antima kevalI jambU svAmi ke kaivalya lAbha ke pazcAta mathurA meM apane divya upadezoM se brajavAsiyoM ko tRpta karane tathA antataH vahAM nirvANa lAbha karane kI ghaTanA hai| unake tapa se pavitra mathurA kI siddha kSetra ke rUpa meM khyAti huI aura Aja bhI nagara ke pAsa caurAsI kA jaina mandira jambUsvAmI siddhakSetra ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| kavi rAjamallakRta jambUsvAmI carita meM isakA vistRta varNana hai / isa grantha meM anya muniyoM aura siddhoM ko bhI braja kSetra se sambandhita kiyA hai| Avazyaka caNi se jJAta hotA hai ki AryarakSita ne mathurA meM bhUta-guhA nAmaka caitya meM vihAra kiyA thA aura Arya maMga deha tyAga ke anaMtara niddhavaNa yakSa bane the|
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________________ 120 ] jaina AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane ke lie prasiddha 'sarasvatI Andolana' kA sUtrapAta mathurA se hI huA jo zanaiH-zanaiH samasta bhArata meM vyApta ho gyaa| isake phalasvarUpa prathama zatAbdI se hI granthoM kA praNayana Arambha ho gayA thA aura aba jaina sAhitya kA vipula bhaNDAra upalabdha hai / cauthI zatAbdI meM aMga sAhitya ko suvyavasthita karane ke lie Arya skandila kI adhyakSatA meM yahAM eka sabhA huI jise mAthurI vAMcanA kahate hai ( nandI cUrNI ) / vRhat kalpabhASya meM ullekha hai ki braja ke 96 gAMvoM meM arhantoM kI mUrtiyAM sthApita kI jAtI thI aura zubha cinhoM kA aMkana hotA thA / inase bhavanoM ko sthAyitva prApta hone kI mAnyatA thI / 14vIM zatI meM jina sUri kRta mathurA purI kalpa meM mathurA kA vizada mAhAtmya diyA hai|' sAhityika paramparAoM se jaina dharma meM mathurA ke mahatvapUrNa sthAna kI jo sUcanAeM milatI hai, purAtAtvika sAmagrI bhI unakA prabala samarthana karatI hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne yahAM stUpa, caitya, vihAra Adi banavAe aura mUrtiyAM sthApita kii| nagara ke nikaTa hI kaMkAlI TIlA lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka jaina dharma kA mahatvapUrNa kendra rhaa| eka mUrti lekha ke AdhAra para to DA0 vinsenTa smitha ne mata vyakta kiyA hai ki yahA~ IsA se lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa pUrva stUpa nirmANa kA kArya Arambha ho gayA thA kyoMki jisa stUpa ko devanirmita batAyA hai, paraMparA ke anusAra 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke samaya usakI marammata bhI ho gaI thI / pArzvanAtha kA samaya 800 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai ataH mUla stUpa kA samaya 1000 I0 pU0 mAna lenA svAbhAvika hai aura yadi ise saMgata mAnA jAya to mathurA meM nirmita stUpa sindhu saMskRti ke pazcAta sabase prAcIna bhavana thaa| kha. jaina mUrtikalA kA jo Rmika aura vyavasthita rUpa hameM mathurA meM milatA hai vaha anyatra nahIM / Arambha Ayoga paToM se hotA hai jise jarmana vidvAna bUlara pUjA- zilA mAnate haiN| DA0 vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla kA mata hai ki AyAga zabda Aryaka se nikalA hai jisakA abhiprAya pUjanIya hai| kisI saMvat ke na milane se inakA ThIka samaya batA sakanA to saMbhava nahIM hai kintu zailI ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne apanA mantavya prakaTa kiyA hai| bI0sI0 bhaTTAcArya inheM kuSANa yuga se pahale kA mAnate haiN| DA0 lAujana 50 I0 pU0 se 50 I0 ke bIca nirdhArita karatI haiM / DA0 agravAla ke anusAra prathama zatI I0 inakA ucita kAla hai / jaba ki upAsanA kA mAdhyama pratIka the aura devatAoM tathA mahApuruSoM ko mAnava rUpa meM aMkita karane kA abhiyAna bhI cala par3A thaa| inameM bahuta se zobhA cinha utkIrNa haiM aura upAsya devatA yA mahApuruSa kA saMketa bhI stUpa, upAsya kA nAma mila jAtA hai / sAtha hI kucha choTI sI mAnavAkRti A gaI hai aura usake cAroM ye pUjA- zilAeM usa saMkramaNa kAla kI haiN| dharma, svastika Adi pratIkoM se hI huA hai / kahIM-kahIM lekha meM AyAga-paTa aise haiM jinake bIca meM pratIka ke sthAna para upAsya kI ora bar3e-bar3e pratIka haiN| AyAga paToM meM jo zubhacinha prApta hote haiM ve adhikAMzataH ye haiM :- svastika, darpaNa, pAtra yA zarAva saMpuTa (do sakore ), bhadrAsana, matsya yugala, maMgala kalaza aura pustaka inheM aSTamAMgalika cinha kahate haiN| inakI saMkhyA kama yA adhika bhI rahatI hai aura cinhoM meM antara bhI milatA hai jaise zrIvatsa, vaizya yA bodhivRkSa, viratna bhI prAyaH cinhita pAye jAte haiM / jina pratimAoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAe~ : svatantra jinamUrtiyAM dhyAna bhAva meM padmAsanAsIna athavA daNDa kI taraha khar3I jise kAyotsarga rUpa bhI kahate haiM, ina do rUpoM meM milatI haiM / vakSa para zrIvatsa kA lAMchana mathurA 'kI jaina mUrtiyoM kI pradhAna vizeSatA hai / Arambha meM yaha kevala khudA rahatA hai aura bAda meM, madhyakAla meM, yaha ubharA dIkhatA hai| kAyotsarga mudrA tIrthakara ke tapa kI parAkASThA ko vyakta karatI hai| prAcIna jina AkRtiyAM
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________________ 50-z2ina mUrti yukta kuSANakAlIma AyAgapaTa, mathurA (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU) 51-'namo mahAvIrasya' lekhayuta dharmacakrAMkita kuSANakAlIna AyAgapaTa, rA0 saM0 mathurA TOG
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________________ 52-aSTa-jinendra-stambha, ilAhAbAda, rA0saM0 lakhanaU
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________________ kha - 6 [ 121 digambara arthAta nagna haiN| sira yA to pUrNatayA sapATa hai athavA choTe bAla bhI haiM, A~kheM gola aura khulI haiM, mukha para kucha smita bhAva hai / prabhAmaNDala kA kinArA kevala hastinakha AkRti se utkIrNa hai / pairoM ke talavoM aura hatheliyoM para cakra, triratna Adi zobhA cinha utkIrNa rahate haiM jo unake mahApuruSa hone kA saMketa dete haiM / jina AkRtiyAM prAyaH siMhAsana para ArUr3ha dikhAI gaI haiM aura siMhAkRtiyoM ke sAtha upAsaka upAsikAeM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM aura lekha utkIrNa hotA hai, jisameM saMvata, mahInA, pakSa, dina, rAjA kA nAma aura AcArya Adi kA paricaya bhI milatA hai / kabhI-kabhI tIrthaMkara vizeSa kA nAma bhI likhA milatA hai anyathA 24 tIrthakaroM meM se do-tIna ko chor3a kara zeSa ko pahacAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai / guptottara kAla meM tIrthakaroM kI pahacAna ke lie pRthaka-pRthaka cinhoM ko nirdhArita kiyA milatA hai / / mathurA se prApta jaina pratimAeM adhikAMzataH rAjya saMgrahAlaya lakhanaU meM surakSita haiM / DA0 phyUrara ne kaMkAlI TIle' ke utkhanana se milI sabhI kalAkRtiyoM ko lakhanaU bheja diyA thaa| mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM jo jaina pratimAeM haiM unase yaha dhAraNA banatI hai ki jainadharma ke smAraka kaMkAlI taka hI sImita nahIM the apitu braja meM anyatra bhI upAsanA sthala the / avazya hI kaMkAlI sarva pradhAna kendra thA / mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM jaina kalAkRtiyoM kI saMkhyA sau se adhika hai aura unameM adhikAMza kuSANayugIna haiM / inameM AyAgapaTa, tIrthaMkara pratimAeM, vAstu avazeSa aura mUrtiyoM kI abhilikhita caraNa-caukiyAM, upadevatA tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI AkRtiyAM sammilita haiN| yahAM adhika pramukha pratimAoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai / AyAgapaTTa - mathurA se prApta adhikatara AyAgapaTTa lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM aura siMhanAdika AyAga paTTa dillI saMgrahAlaya meM hai / mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM eka sampUrNa, eka AdhA aura tIna bhagnAMza haiM / ye prathama zatAbdI ke Arambha se prathama zatI I0 ke anta taka ke haiM / 1 kyU0 2-yaha lagabhaga pUrNa tathA surakSita AyAgapaTTa hai / isakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki isameM stUpa vAstu kA pUrA nakazA utkIrNa hai / tadanusAra UMcI caukI para jAne ke lie sIr3hiyA~ haiM aura toraNa hai jisase mAlA laTakatI hai| yahAM se prathama vedikA Arambha hotI hai / donoM ora stambhoM meM se eka para cakra hai aura dUsare para siMha / vedikA ke bhItara vizAla UMcA stUpa dIkhatA hai jisa para do ora vedikAeM aura zikhara para bhI eka choTI vedikA tathA chatrAvalI hai / stUpa ke nIce ke bhAga meM do nartakiyAM haiN| unase Upara mAlA aura puSpadhArI suparNa aura sabase Upara do nagna siddha haiM jinake hAtha meM vastra khaNDa hai / stUpa para eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai jisake anusAra gaNikA loNa zobhikA kI putrI gaNikA vasune sabhA bhavana, devikula, pyAU aura zilApaTa kI sthApanA kii| isameM arhata vardhamAna abhivAdana kiyA gayA hai| devikula zabda vivAdAspada hai / lekha meM ise zilApaTa kahA gayA hai / 48.3426 - isa AyAgapaTa kA Adhe se adhika bhAga surakSita hai / kendra meM U~ce Asana meM tIrthaMkara kI AkRti hai jisake donoM ora upAsaka bhI haiN| tatpazcAta makara yugma aura puSpa kI isake pazcAta hAtha jor3e yA mAlA lie gandharva yugala hai aura bIca meM caitya vRkSa, triratna cinha haiN| meM bhAravAhI AvakSa mAnava AkRtiyAM haiM / 15.569 - yaha AyAgapaTTa kA khaNDita bhAga hai jisameM eka paTTI meM sapakSa siMha aura dUsarI meM hAthI kI sUMr3a aura TAMgeM haiM / bIca meM cakra ke hone kA anumAna hai| ( prApti sthAna : kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA ) 33.2313 - yaha bhI AyAga paTTa kA bhagnAvazeSa hai| abhilekha meM ise arahata kI pUjA ke nimitta zilApaTa batAyA hai / 35.2563 - isa avazeSa kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM saMvat 21 utkIrNa hai / yaha kauna sA saMvat hai isakA para dhyAna mudrA zobhA paTTI hai / Upara do konoM
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________________ 122 ] ThIka anumAna lagAnA kaThina hai| yadi kuSANa saMvat mAneM to yaha samaya 99 I. AtA hai jo AyAgapaTTa kI paramarA ko bahuta bAda taka pracalita siddha karatA hai / (prApti sthAna : kaThautI kuA nikaTa meMsa bahorA, mthuraa)| sarvatomadrikA pratimAeM-saMgrahAlaya meM kucha aisI pratimAeM haiM jo caukora stambha ke samAna haiM aura unameM cAroM ora tapasyA meM tIna-cAra jina AkRtiyAM banI haiN| isa prakAra kI mudrA daNDa yA kAyotsarga nAma se prasiddha hai| mUtiyoM ko sarvatobhadra, sarvatomaMgala yA loka bhASA meM caumukhI kahate haiN| inameM pradarzita tIrthaMkaroM meM se AdinAtha ko kandhoM taka laTakatI jaTAoM se aura supArzva yA pArzvanAtha koM sarpaphaNa kI chatarI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| anya do kauna haiM yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu anumAna hai ki inameM se eka vardhamAna yA mahAvIra avazya hone cAhie kyoMki prApta abhilikhita mUrtiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra braja meM adhika loka priya the / cauthe ke bAre meM anumAna lagAnA kaThina hai| sabhI ke vakSa para zrIvatsa kA cihna aMkita rahatA hai| nIce upAsakoM meM kucha udIcya veSa meM baTanadAra lambA koTa aura jUte pahane hue bhI haiM (bI0 67) / saMbhava hai ye jainadharma ke anuyAyI zaka puruSa hoN| aisI mUrtiyoM ke Upara gola athavA caukora cheda rahatA hai aura nIce khUTI nikalI rahatI hai jisase yaha prakaTa hai ki ye kisI vAstu stUpa, caitya yA devAlaya kA bhAga thIM aura inheM isa prakAra vyavasthita kiyA jAtA thA ki bhakta jana inakA cAroM ora se darzana aura parikramA kara skeN| caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM sabase prAcIna hai mUrti bI0 71 jisake abhilekha ke anusAra saM05 meM isakI pratiSThA huii| yaha samaya 83 I0 AtA hai|" saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti saM0 bI067, bI068, bI0 72 aura 45.3209 bhI ullekhanIya hai| mUrti saM0 12.276 caumukhI kA adhobhAga hai jisake abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki ise RSidAsa kI preraNA para abhisArika ke bhaTidAma ne sthApita kraayaa| abhisAraka ko pezAvara ke pAsa hajArA batAyA hai / anumAna hai ki maTTidAmana koI videzI thA jisane matharA Akara jaina dharma svIkAra kiyaa| yaha mUrti khaNDa bhUtezvara se milaa| tIrthaMkara-mathurA jaise vizAla kalA kendra aura prasiddha jaina sthala meM prAyaH sabhI tIrthakaroM kI upAsanA hotI hoMgI aura unakI mUrtiyAM sthApita huI hoNgii| kintu jaisA ki saMketa diyA jA cukA hai cihna athavA abhilekha ke abhAva meM yaha nizcita rUpa se kahanA kaThina hai ki ve samasta mRtiyAM kisa-kisa kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM tathApi caraNa caukiyoM ke lekha hameM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, pAMcave tIrthakara sumatinAtha tathA 24veM tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra kA paricaya dete haiM / vardhamAna kA ullekha adhika hai| inake atirikta sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzva aura teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko sarvaphaNoM kI chatarI aura 22veM tIrthakara neminAtha ko balarAma tathA kRSNa kI AkRtiyoM ke sAtha pahacAna saMkate haiN| mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI nizcita saMvat se aMkita pratimAoM meM kuSANa saMvat 5 (83 I0) kI caumakhI mati bI0 71 sabase prAcIna hai| sAmAnya jina pratimAoM meM prAcIna hai kaniSka ke saMvata 17 arthAta 95 I0 kI caraNa caukI (saM0 58.3385) aura sabase bAda kI hai saMvat 92 arthAt 170 I0 kI vAsudeva ke zAsanakAla kii| saMvata sahita jina pratimAeM-48.3385-yaha jina pratimA kI caukI hai jisameM bane caraNoM se AbhAsa milatA hai ki mUrti khar3I hogii| bIca meM dharmacakra banA hai jisake eka aura bAeM hAtha para vastra khaNDa lie jaina muni hai| isake pIche tIna puruSa upAsaka haiN| antima vyakti paridhAna se zaka pratIta hotA hai| cakra ke dUsarI ora tIna mahilA upAsikAeM mAlA aura puSpa lie haiN| abhilekha kA bhAva hai ki devaputra zAhi kaniSka ke 17veM varSa ke zIta Rtu ke dUsare mahIne ke 25veM dina koTTiyagaNa kI baIrA zAkhA ke sAMtinika kula kI kozikI gaharakSitA kI preraNA para isa pratimA kI sthApanA haI (prApti sthAna : caubiyA pAr3A mthuraa)| 14.396-jina caraNacaukI kA bhAga jisake abhilekha se sUcanA milatI hai ki yaha kaniSka ke samaya sthApita huI (prApti sthAna : kaMkAlI TIlA, mthuraa)|
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________________ [ 123 19.1565-yaha bhI caraNacaukI kA bhAga hai jo saM0 33 (111 I0)kA hai| yaha huviSka kA samaya thA (prApti sthAna : muhallA rAnIpurA, mthuraa)| bI0 29-caraNacaukI jisa para dhyAnastha jina kI TAMgeM bhI haiM / nIce dharmacakra aura upAsaka haiM / abhilekha se sUcanA milatI hai ki saM0 50 meM mahArAja devaputra huviSka arthAt 128 I0 meM isakI sthApanA huii| 45.3208-jina caraNacaukI kA AdhAra jisameM dharmacakra aura upAsaka haiN| yaha saMvat 82 (160 I.) kI hai jo vAsudeva ke rAjya kA hai| isameM tIrthaMkara kA nAma vardhamAna diyA hai| bI0 2-yaha dhyAna bhAva meM baiThe jina kI pratimA hai, sira aura bAyAM hAtha lupta hai / vakSa para zrIvatsa kA jihna hai| hathelI aura pairoM ke talavoM para bhI zobhA lakSaNa bane haiN| nIce abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mahArAja vAsudeva ke rAjyakAla meM saM0 83 arthAt 161 I0 meM jinadAsI ne isa pratimA kI pratiSThA kraaii| jinadAsI sena kI putrI, datta kI putravadhU aura gandhI vya..... ca kI patnI thii| (prAMpti sthAna : saMbhavataH kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA) bI0 3--yaha pratimA bhI lagabhaga pUrvokta kI bhAMti hI hai aura saMvat bhI vahI hai / (prApti sthAna : saMbhavataH kaMkAlI TIlA, mthuraa)| bI0 4--yaha mUrti mahatvapUrNa isalie hai ki isameM tIrthaMkara kA nAma RSabhanAtha diyA hai| tIrthaMkara dhyAna bhAva meM AsIna haiM, sira aura bhujA lupta hai, hastinakha praNAlI se utkIrNa prabhAmaNDala kA kucha bhAga zeSa hai| vakSa para zrI vatsa kA cihna hai tathA hathelI aura talavoM para mahApuruSa lakSaNa suzobhita haiN| caraNacaukI para dharmacakra aura 10 puruSa va strI upAsaka haiN| lekha ke anusAra bhagavAn arhata RSabhadeva kI isa pratimA kI pratiSThA mahArAja rAjAdhirAja devaputra zAhI vAsudeva ke rAjyakAla saM0 84 arthAt 162 I0 meM kumAradatta kI preraNA se bhaTadatta ugabhinaka kI putrabadhU...' ne karAI / (prApti sthAna : balabhadra kuNDa, mthuraa)| 14.490-yaha mUrti vardhamAn mahAvIra kI hai kintu kevala avaziSTa TAMgoM aura pairoM se dhyAna bhAva kA bhAna hotA hai| nIce caukI para dharmacakra aura upAsaka haiN| abhilekha ke anusAra vardhamAna kI yaha pratimA koTTiya gaNa ke dharavaddhi aura satyasena ke parAmarza para damita kI putrI okhArikA ne saM064 (162 I0) meM pratiSThita kraaii| mati kA mahatva tIrthaMkara ke nAma se bar3ha jAtA / okhArikA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai jo saM0 299 kI eka anya mUrti meM bhI milatA hai| isa para vidvAnoM ne aneka mata vyakta kiye haiM 12 (prApti sthAna : kaMkAlI TIlA, matharA) bI05-dhyAnastha sira tathA bAhavihIna tIrthaMkara jo siMhAsana para pUrvokta pratimAoM ke samAna virAjamAna hai| ise saM0 90 (168 I0) meM dina kI badhu kuTumbinI ne koTTiya gaNa ke pavahaka kala kI majhama zAkhA ke sainika bhaTTibala kI preraNA se sthApita kiyA / yaha vAsudeva kA rAjyakAla thaa| (prApti sthAna : mathurA) 46.3223--saMvat 92 arthAt 170 I0 meM sthApita vardhamAn mahAvIra kI mUrti kA yaha bhagnAMza hai jisa para dharmacakra aura upasakoM kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| abhilekha apUrNa hai| yaha vAsudeva kA zAsana kAla thA kyoMki usake samaya ke saMvat 98 (176 I0) taka kI jAnakArI hameM anya abhilekha se milatI hai (prApti sthAnaH mokSa galI, mthuraa)| saMvat rahita amilikhita jina pratimAeM-saMvat tathA tithi se aMkita ina pratimAoM ke atirikta kAla anya tIrthaMkara pratimAeM bhI mahatvapUrNa haiM aura inameM se kucha meM tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma bhI die haiN| 47.3333-yaha caraNa caukI kA aMza mAtra hai jisameM siMhAsana ke zera kA mukha aura eka mahilA upAsikA kA mukha hai / lekha se sUcanA milatI hai ki somagupta kI putrI (?) mitrA ne bhagavAna sumatinAtha kI mUrti sthApita kii| isa prakAra 5veM tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha kI mathurA meM upAsanA kA eka prabala pramANa mila jAtA hai| saMvat spaSTa
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________________ 124 ] nahIM hai lekina jo par3hA jA sakA hai usase saM0 84 kI saMbhAvanA adhika hai / ( prApti sthAna kaTarA kezava deva, mathurA) / bI0 18 vardhamAna kI choTI pratimA jisameM vaha sihAsana para dhyAna mudrA meM AsIna hai, kevala TAMgeM aura hAtha avaziSTa haiM / stambha para rakhe dharmacakra kI do puruSa aura do mahilA upAsaka pUjA kara rahe haiM aura nIce utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra koTTiya gaNa aura bacchalika kula ke coTa ne RSidAsa ke sAtha vardhamAn kI pratimA sthApita kii| ( prApti sthAna mAtA maTha, holI daravAjA, mathurA ) bacchalajja kula kA ullekha kaMkAlI se prApta anya jaina abhilekha meM bhI huA hai| yaha aba lakhanaU saMgra hAlaya meM hai / - kha -6 32.2126 - yaha bhI tIrthaMkara pratimA kI caraNacokI kA aMza mAtra hai jisa para cAra paMktiyoM kA choTA akhilekha hai / isake anusAra vardhamAna kI isa pratimA kI pratiSThA dala kI patnI, dharmadeva kI putrI ne bhavadeva ke lie karAI (prApti sthAna yamunA, mathurA ) | anya jina pratimAeM -- kucha aisI bhI tIrthaMkara pratimAeM haiM jisameM na to saMvat yA zAsaka kA nAma hai aura na tIrthaMkara kA hI nAma hai, phira bhI kalA aura mUrti zAstra kI dRSTi se unakA svatantra mahatva hai| bI0 12 padmAsana meM dhyAna bhAva meM AsIna ziravihIna jina pratimA caraNacaukI siMhAsana kA rUpa lie hai jisa para puruSa, strI aura bAla upAsaka haiN| isI se milatI-julatI pratimA bI0 63 hai / bI0 37 yaha tIrthaMkara kI AvakSa pratimA hai| prabhAmaNDala ke cihna nahIM hai zira para choTe ghuMgharAle bAla haiM / 1 15.466 yaha bhI tIrthaMkara kI AvakSa pratimA hai| prabhAmaNDala kA jo bhAga avaziSTa hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha paryApta vikasita thA jisameM hastinakha praNAlI ke atirikta pUrNa kamala aura ekAvalI bhI hai ataH ise kuSANa aura gupta kAla ke bIca kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| bI0 32 sira tathA paira vihIna tIrthaMkara kI bar3I pratimA jisameM nIce caMvara liye do pArzvacara bhI bane haiN| - anya mUrti bI0 35 bhI isI prakAra kI hai kintu pArzvacara nahIM haiN| bI0 62 - sarvaphaNoM se AcchAdita paTTa 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI AvakSa pratimA hai / pratyeka sarpaphaNa para bhinna zobhA pratIkoM kA aMkana isakI mukhya vizeSatA hai ye cihna haiM / svastika, zarAva sampuTa, zrIvatsa, triratna, pUrNaghaTa tathA mIna mithuna / neminAtha yaha spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ko zrIkRSNa ke tAU samudravijaya kA putra mAnA jAtA hai aura isa jaina paramparA kA aMkana kuSANa kAla se hI milatA hai / saMgrahAlaya meM kucha aisI mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM neminAtha bIca meM dhyAna bhAva meM AsIna haiM aura unake eka aura sarpaphaNoM kI chatarI se yukta balarAma aura dUsarI ora kRSNa khar3e haiN| kAlAntara meM to balarAma ke Ayudha aura mudrAeM aura bhI spaSTa ho gae haiN| kuSANa yugIna eka pratimA (34.2488 ) meM dhyAna mudrA meM AsIna jina ke mastaka ke pIche hastinakha praNAlI kA prabhA maNDala hai / mUrti ke dAhinI ora sarpaphaNoM se yukta balarAma haiM aura bAIM ora mukuTa pahane zrIkRSNa, Upara eka kone para mAlAdhArI gandharva hai| anya mUrti ( 34.2502 ) meM madhya meM AvakSa neminAtha ke dAhinI aura sAta sarpaphaNadhArI cartubhujI balarAma haiM jinake Upara ke bAeM hAtha mukhya pahacAna hai| bAI ora zrIkRSNa ko viSNu rUpa meM dikhAyA hai jinake cAra bhujA haiM, Upara ke dAhine hAtha meM lambI gadA hai, eka bAeM hAtha meM cakra hai, anya do hAtha aprApya haiN| Upara donoM konoM meM ur3ate vidyAdhara haiN| yaha pratimA kRSANa kAla ke anta aura gupta yuga ke Arambha kI pratIta hotI hai| meM hala hai jo balarAma kI
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________________ 53-kRSNa-balarAma sahita neminAtha, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA (rA0 saM0 lakhanaU)
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________________ 54-tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke pArzva meM kRSNa evaM balarAma, kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA (rA. saM0 lakhanaU)
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________________ [ 125 naigameza pratimAeM-- ajamukhI mAnava AkRtiyAM kuSANa kAla meM lokapriya thiiN| jaina paramparA meM ye negameza kA pratinidhitva karatI haiM jo baccoM ke rakSaka devatA haiM aura zizu janma se inakA adhika sambandha thaa| inake sAtha kucha bacce bhI banAe jAte haiM / saMgrahAlaya kI mUrtiyA~ I0 1,15,1115, 34.2482 aura 34.2547 ullekhanIya haiN| saMgrahAlaya meM kuSANakAlIna aneka jaina pratimAoM ke mastaka bhI surakSita haiN|" 1-agaracanda nAhaTA saMdarbha-, braja bhAratI varSa 11 saM0 2 2-Dr. J. P. Jain, The Jain a Sources of the History of Ancient India, ch. VI 3-brajabhAratI varSa 12 aMka 2 pR0 18-19 4-Tho Jain Stup a and other antipuities of Mathura, 1901, Introduction l.e. I 5-DA. hIrA lAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pu0 342 6-vibhinna vidvAnoM ke saMkSipta vicAra ke lie lekhaka kA nibandha 'Early phase of Jain Iconography', Chhote Lal Commemoration Vol. Cal. p. 59-60 dekheM 7-R.C. Sharma, Mathura Museum Introductinan l.e. 25 8-kaMkAlI para vistRta lekha ke lie lekhaka kI pustikA 'mathurA kA jaina tIrtha kaMkAlI' dekheM 9-raviSeNAcArya kRta padma purANa 3 / 288, sandarbha 5 pR0 344 10-pArzvanAtha kI dharaNendra nAga dvArA sevA samantabhadra ke svayaMbhUstotra meM iMgita hai, sandarbha 5 pR0 344 11-kuSANa saMvat ke bAre meM mataikya nahIM hai| rojana phIlDa isa mUrti ko dUsarI koTi meM rakhate haiM jisameM dUsarA kuSANa saMvat prayukta hai The Dynastic Art of the Kushanas, pR0 270-71 12-R.C. Sharma, Jain sculptures of the Gupta Age in the State Museum, Lucknow, Mahavir Jain Vidyalaya Bombay Golden Jubilee Volume Part I P. 146 13-saMgrahAlaya meM 1940 se pUrva taka adhigrahIta jaina pratimAeM DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ke J. U. P. H. S. 1950 meM prakAzita sUcI pana meM dI haiN| mA -: :
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________________ uttara bhArata ke tIna prAcIna tIrtha -muni jayAnanda vijaya yuga-yugoM se Arya, dharmAnuSThAnoM meM jAgaruka rahe haiM, anArya nhiiN| anAryoM ne jise ukhAr3A hai, AryoM ne use basAyA hai| yahAM basa jAne ke kAraNa zAyada yaha bhArata AryAvarta ke nAma se itihAsa meM abhihita huA ho / Arya sabhI jAtiyoM ke sAtha hilamila kara calate the tabhI Aja yaha AryAvarta aneka dharmoM kA sthAna banA huA hai / pavitra pUjanIya sthAnoM kA, tIrthoM kA kendra banA huA hai / tIrtha do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-pahalA sthAvara tIrtha tathA dUsarA jaMgama tIrtha / sarva prathama tIrtha jaMgama hote the, unakI anupasthiti meM sthAvara tIrthoM kA nirmANa huA, jisameM uttara bhArata bhI achUtA na rahA / bArANasI vaidika sAhitya ke kathanAnusAra vAraNA aura asi nadI ke bIca meM maharSi bharadvAja kI preraNA se mahArAjA divodAsa ne vArANasI kI sthApanA kii| tatpazcAta yaha nagarI saMskRti kI supratiSThita sthalI bnii| isa nagarI meM zramaNa saMskRti evaM vaidika saMskRti kA varcasva yuga-yugoM taka rahA / phira gaMgA nadI bhArata kI pUNyatoyA saritA mAnI gii| usakA mahAtmya kisa se ajJAta rahA hai / isI dharA para zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI ke tIna (cyavana, janma tathA dIkSA) kalyANaka hae the / zramaNa bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra ke samAna kAzInareza mahArAjA azvasena kI mahArAnI bAmA devI ke nanda zrI pArzva kumAra kA yauvanakAla saMdigdha hai / ubhaya ke pANigrahaNa kI viDambanAe~ paramparAoM meM vikIrNa haiM, paramparA arthAta pramaNA / bhagavAna ke jIvana citraNa karane vAle akSara caJcu unakI jIvana ghaTanAoM se aparicita the yA bhAvAvega ke kAraNa vaha ghaTanAe~ unase achUtI raha gaIM, athavA loka pravAda meM pracalita loka kathAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA ho, tathA likhane ke bAda use pUnaH dekha na pAye hoM ? kAlAntara meM vahI unhIM ko bAMTa kara baiTha gaye / bhagavAna baTeM nahIM, bhagavAna kA jIvana baTa gyaa| binA sAhitya ke Aja dina koI baMTA nahIM sAhitya paramparAoM ke aMkura ko samAye baiThA hai| caritroM meM zrI pAvakumAra ko vivAhita mAnA gayA hai| pANigrahaNa ke lie kuzalasthala (kannauja) pradeza meM jAne para vahA~ kaliMgAdi dezoM ke yavanoM ne saMgharSa kI tthaanii| rAja kumAra pArzva kI lalakAra ke samakSa sabhI yavana vinIta ho gaye aura paraspara maitrI sambandha sthApita kiyA / ityAdi ghaTanAe~ caritroM meM ullikhita haiM parantu mala meM to inheM kumAra nAma se pAyA jAtA hai| rAjya bhAra vahana na karane para inheM kumAra mAna liyA gayA ho to yaha bAta asaMdigdha hai| kumArANAmarAjabhAvena vAsa kumAra vAsa / / -sthANAGgasUtra ThANA 5 uddezya 3
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________________ [ 127 kauzAmbI AcArya padalipta sUri ne apanI "taraMgavatI" kathA meM kauzAmbI ke prAkRtika prakaraNoM kA evaM sAMskRtika suSamAoM kA jo digdarzana kiyA hai vaha khUba hI hRdayagrAhI hai| dharma aura vaibhava se samRddha isa nagarI meM jo zramaNa saMskRti kA alaukika varNana citrita kiyA hai vaha kathanAtIta hai| prAgaitihAsika kAla meM kauzAmbI vatsa deza kI rAjadhAnI mAnI jAtI thI parantu samayAnusAra sImA vibhAjana ke kAraNa adhunA uttara pradeza meM mAnI jAtI hai| kauzAmbI ilAhAbAda se dakSiNa aura pazcima meM ikattIsa mIla kI dUrI para kosama nAma se basI huI hai| kauzAmbI zAkhA kI utpatti isI sthAna se huI / zramaNa bhagavAna, mahAvIra ke chadmastha belA meM sUrya-candra mUla vimAna meM darzanArtha aaye| zrI zItalanAtha svAmI ke tIrthakAla meM harivaMza kI utpatti, evaM pAMca mAsa pacIsa dina ke anazana kA pAraNA zrI mahAvIra svAmI kA dhanadatta seTha ke ghara para rahI haI candanA dAsI ke hAtha se isI nagarI meM sampanna huaa| hastinApura indraprastha-hastinApura-yaha hastinApura ke bhaugaulika rAjanaitika abhidhAna kramoM kA kramika saMsthAna hai| pANDavoM ke pUrvavartI rAjA mahArAjAoM kA hastipura se gADha sambandha rahA hai / jina sambandhoM meM bhagavAna zrI RSabha deva kA Agamana eka dharmamaya itihAsa kI zraddheya ghaTanA hai| bhagavAna zrI RSabhadeva svAmIjI kA zreyAMsa ke hAthoM se vArSika tapa kA pAraNA honA / vaha dina Aja bhI akSaya tRtIyA ke nAma se samAja pratiSThita hai, tathA zrI zAnti nAtha jI, zrI kunthunAtha jI evaM zrI aranAtha jI ke cAra (cyavana, janma, dIkSA tathA kevalajJAna) kalyANaka isI nagarI meM huye| svatantratA saMgrAma meM uttara pradeza ke jainoM kA yogadAna -bA0 ratanalAla jaina, vakIla bijanaura mahAtmA gAMdhI ne bhAratavarSIya kAMgresa kI bAgaDora sana 1918 meM sambhAlI / unake netRtva meM ahamadAbAda ke kAMgresa adhivezana ne san 1920 meM aMgrejI sAmrAjya ke viruddha ahiMsAtmaka satyAgraha karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| sana 1921 meM caurIcaurA meM satyAgraha kA hiMsA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lene para satyAgraha ko roka diyaa| sana 1930 meM namaka satyAgraha ko saphalatApUrvaka calAyA jisake phalasvarUpa mArca 1931 meM gAMdhI-iravina paikTa huaa| sana 1932 meM aMgrejI zAsana ne satyAgrahiyoM ko kucalane kI dRSTi se kAMgresiyoM kI dhara pakar3a va ghara meM banda rahane ke Adeza jArI kiye| kAMgresiyoM ne satyAgraha jArI kiyA josana 1936taka calatA rahA / mahAtmA gAMdhI ne 1940 meM vaiyaktika va 1942 meM 'mArata chor3o' satyAgraha calAye /
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________________ 128 ] kha - 6 jaina samAja yadyapi saMkhyA meM kama hai parantu vaha eka prabhAvazAlI vyApArika samAja bhAratavarSa va uttara pradeza meM hai| usane khulakara pUre utsAha ke sAtha svatantratA saMgrAma meM bhAga bhAratavarSa va uttara pradeza meM liyaa| udAharaNa ke taura para uttara pradeza kA bijanaura janapada liijie| usakI janasaMkhyA satyAgrahoM ke samaya 10 lAkha thI aura jaina samAja kI kevala Der3ha hajAra thii| bijanaura janapada meM kArAvAsa jAne vAle lagabhaga 1 hajAra the jo anupAta se 1 hajAra meM eka AtA hai| jabaki jaina satyAgrahiyoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 25 thI jo anupAta se 1 hajAra meM 16 Ate haiN| bijanaura janapada ke satyAgrahoM kA saMcAlana karane vAle bhI ratana lAla jaina va zrI nemizaraNa jaina the jinhoMne vakAlata chor3akara kAMgresa ke kArya ko saMbhAlA thA / usI prakAra nikaTavartI meraTha maMDala ke sahAranapura, mujaphpharanagara, meraTha Adi ke jainoM ne-- jahA~ ve kAphI saMkhyA meM haiM pUre utsAha se bhAga liyaa| sahAranapura ke bhI ajitaprasAda jaina (jo kendrIya maMtrI rahe), mujaphpharanagara ke zrI sumataprasAda jaina mukhya saMcAlaka apane-apane jiloM ke rhe| ina janapadoM meM jaina bar3I saMkhyA meM satyAgraha meM bhAga lekara kArAvAsa gaye / yahI dazA AgarA maMDala kI hai| usa maMDala meM bhI z2aina kAphI saMkhyA meM satyAgraha meM bhAga lekara kArAvAsa gaye / pramukha satyAgrahiyoM meM seTha acalasiMha jaina ema0pI0 kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / bundelakhaMDa ke lalitapura janapada kAnapura, banArasa Adi nagaroM meM bhI jainoM ne kAphI bhAga liyaa| banArasa meM zrIkhuzAla canda gorAvAle kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI ne jinako iMglaiMDa jAte huye unakI mAtA ne eka jaina sAdhu ke dvArA mAMsa va maMdirA ke prayoga na karane ke niyama dilAye the-- jinake kAraNa gAMdhI jI ke jIvana meM krAnti huI aura pAzcAtya saMskRti thothI va heya dIkhane lagI ahiMsAtmaka satyAgraha kA aviSkAra kiyA ahiMsAtmaka satyAgraha aba taka dhArmika kSetra meM sImita thA / khAsakara sAdhu jIvana meM tapasyA karate huye una para jaba manuSya yA pazu dvArA AkramaNa hotA thA, usakA zanti pUrvaka, mana ko binA vicalita huye sahana karate the, jisameM kabhI-kabhI prANa bhI dene par3ate the / jaina dharma ke dvArA ahiMsA siddhAMta se prerita hokara gAMdhIjI ne ahiMsAtmaka satyAgraha rAjanaitika kSetra meM aMgrejI sAmrAjya ke viruddha saphalatA pUrvaka claayaa| ahiMsAtmaka satyAgraha AdhyAtmika astra hai| usake prayoga se bhArata janatA, jo kitanI hI zatAbdiyoM se dUsaroM ke AdhIna rahI thI aura jo Darapoka va sAhasahIna ho gaI thI, usameM usa satyAgraha se jIvana va Atma sphUrti A gii| Atma vizvAsa ke sAtha aMgrejI zAsana kA vIratA ke sAtha mukAbalA kiyA 1 - jaina samAja jo kabhI bhArata kA mukhya samAja rahI hai, jisane bhAratIya saMskRti ko apane ahiMsA va anekAnta siddhAMtoM para AdhArita bhAvanAoM se prabhAvita kiyA, jisake kAraNa bhAratavarSa meM bhinna-bhinna dharmAnuyAyI va jAtiyAM eka sAtha premapUrvaka rahatI haiM aura apane apane iSTadevoM kI upAsanA apane DhaMga se karatI haiM, isa premapUrvaka sAtha-sAtha rahane kA zreya jaina samAja ko hai / , jaina samAja jisakA hrAsa musalima zAsana ke mArakATa yuga meM bar3I tejI se huA, jaina kSatrIya jo lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM ye mAMsAhArI banakara sAdhAraNa hindu samAja meM mila gaye / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se hI jaina samAja meM utthAna kI bhAvanA utpanna huii| mahAtmA gAMdhI ke ahiMsAtmaka satyAgraha ne jaina samAja meM nirbhIkatA, Atma vizvAsa kI bhAvanA jAgRta kI jisa kAraNa bhA0di0 jaina pAriSada ne arntajAtIya vivAha, dasse jainoM ko pUjA ke adhikAra, zraddhAyukta harijanoM kA maMdira praveza Adi prastAvoM ke pAsa karane va kAryAnvita karane se jaina sAmAja meM nayA jIvana va sphurti utpanna kara dii|
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________________ Pue-G khaNDa -7 zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza: :-gaThana, kAryakalApa evaM upalabdhiyAM:
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________________ HEROEMEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEET ACT tara sarakAra vidhAna bhavana, lakhanaU dinAMka navambara 2, 1975 mujhe jAnakara bar3A harSa haA ki zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke eka bRhad smRti grantha kA prakAzana kara rahI hai| HEERIEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEERIAL bhArata meM samaya-samaya para aise yuga puruSoM ne janma liyA hai jinhone apane deza meM hI nahIM varan saMsAra meM vicAroM kI krAnti utpanna kara dii| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhI bhArata kI una mahAna vibhUtiyoM meM se eka haiM jo na kevala eka mahAna vicAraka aura vidvAna the parantu ve vizva zAnti ke agradUta bhI the| isa mahApuruSa kI vaiyaktika, sAmAjika evaM dArzanika vicAradhArA ke sAtha AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA kA vizleSaNa isa pramANa kA pratIka hai ki unhoMne saMsAra kI sampUrNa samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie adhyAtma jagata kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa kara sAMsArika vyathAoM meM phaMse prANI ke samakSa eka saccA sIdhA mArga upasthita kiyA hai| unake tyAgapUrNa jIvana aura siddhAMtoM kA anusaraNa hamAre samAja ko eka nayA jIvana de sakatA hai| AAAAAAAAEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE maiM rAjya samiti ke isa prayAsa kI saphalatA kI kAmanA karatA huuN| -jagadIza zaraNa agravAla svAyata zAsAna maMtrI, u0pra0 AAAAAAAAAAAEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEED
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________________ zrI mahAvIra nirmANa samiti, uttara pradeza kArya-kalApa evaM upalabdhiyA~ bhArata sarakAra ke zikSA evaM samAja kalyANa maMtrAlaya ke upamaMtrI zrI DI0 pI0 yAdava ne pradeza ke tatkAlIna mukhya maMtrI jI ko apane patra dinAMka 3 maI, 1973 meM likhA thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI 2500vIM nirvANa tithi, jo 13 navambara, 1974 ko par3egI, rASTrIya stara para manAI jAyegI tathA nirvANa jayantI samAroha kA kAryakrama banAne evaM samAroha kA Ayojana karane hetu pradhAna maMtrI jI kI adhyakSatA meM eka rASTrIya samiti kA gaThana kiyA gayA hai, tathA samAroha ko rASTrIya stara para manAye jAne vAle vibhinna kAryakramoM para kendrIya sarakAra dvArA dillI meM vanasthalI (jahAM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA eka bhavya smAraka banAyA jAyegA) ke bhUmi kI mUlya ke atirikta 50 lAkha ru0 ke vyaya karane kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai| 2. uparokta patra meM bhArata sarakAra ke upamaMtrIjI ne yaha bhI anurodha kiyA thA ki rAjya stara para manAye jAne ke liye rAjya sarakAra dvArA bhI eka samiti kA gaThana kara diyA jAya, jo nirvANa jayantI samAroha kA samUcita kAryakrama nirdhArita karake usake saMpAdana kI vyavasthA kA bhI prabandha kre|| 3, uparokta patra kI prApti ke pUrva hI adhyAtma yogI muni zrI mahendra kumAra jI (prathama) kI preraNA para rAjya sarakAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa jayantI samAroha ke manAye jAne hetu rAjya stara para eka samiti kA gaThana zAsana kI vijJapti saM0 121572 rA. ekI0 dinAMka 12 maI 1972 ke dvArA pradeza ke mukhyamaMtrI jI kI adhyakSatA meM nimna prakAra kara diyA thA : saMrakSaka mahAmahima rAjyapAla, uttara pradeza adhyakSa mAnanIya mukhyamaMtrI, uttara pradeza kAryAdhyakSa mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka, ucca zikSA maMtrI, u0 pra0 upAdhyakSa zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya saciva saciva, zikSA vibhAga, uttara pradeza upa saciva zrI ajita prasAda jaina, upa saciva, vitta vibhAga, uttara pradeza sadasya 1. mAnanIya zrI vIrendra svarUpa, sabhApati, vidhAna pariSada 2. mAnanIya zrImatI rAjendra kumArI bAjapeI, maMtrI khAdya evaM rasada, uttara pradeza
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________________ 3. zrI bhagavatI caraNa varmA, citralekhA, mahAnagara, lakhanaU 4. ,, ke0 ela0 zrImAlI, kulapati hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 5. , rAdhAkRSNa, bhUtapUrva upa kulapati, kAnapura vizvavidyAlaya, haradoI 6., pI0 sI0 jaina, ceyaramaina TaiksaTAila kAraporezana, kAnapura , esa0 ena0 ghoSa, dvArA pAyaniyara, lakhanaU (tyAga patra de diyA) , candrabhAnu gupta, pAnadarIbA, lakhanaU 9. , AtmArAma govinda khera, 13 e mAla evenyU, lakhanaU 10. , padamapata siMhAniyA, kamalA nagara, kAnapura 11. , sItArAma jayapuriyA, ema0 pI0, svadezI hAusa, sivila lAinsa, kAnapura 12. , je0 mehatA, pAyaniyara, lakhanaU 13. ,, paripUrNAnanda varmA, 4 ela0 Ara0 baiMgalo, kAlapI roDa, kAnapura 14. DA0 Ara0 Ara0 bhaNDArI, 117/88, sarvodaya nagara, kAnapura 15. zrI rAmezvara TAMTiyA, adhyakSa, bI0 AI0 sI0, kAnapura 16. , zarata kumAra 'sAdhaka', DI0 53 / 91 bI0 gurubAga, laksA roDa, vArANasI 17. , zrIcanda surANA 'sarasa', dAsa bilDiMga naM0-5, bilocapurA, AgarA 18. , sunaharI lAla jaina, belanagaMja, AgarA 19., chadAmI lAla jaina, jaina bhavana, phirojAbAda 20. , indrajIta jaina, zyAma bhavana, 59/39 birahAnA roDa, kAnapura 21. DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, jyoti nikuMja, cArabAga, lakhanaU 22. DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA, pIlI koThI, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha 23. DA. prema sAgara jaina, di0 jaina DigrI kAleja bar3auta, jilA meraTha 24. , zrI sukumAra candra jaina, kizana phloramila, relave roDa, meraTha siTI 25. , vIranandana jiMdala, ajitAzrama, ganezagaMja, lakhanaU 26. , lakSmIcanda jaina, mathurA priTiMga presa, tilaka dvAra, mathurA 27. , paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, bhadainI, vArANasI 28. ,, abhinandana prasAda TaDaiyA, ghaMTAghara ke pAsa, lalitapura, , pro0 khuzAla canda gorAvAlA, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI 30. , kalyANa kumAra 'zazi', jaina phArmesI, bAjAra nasarullA khA~, rAmapura 31. ,, dIpa canda khajAncI, jaina mandira, jhaMDA roDa, deharAdUna 32. ,, maMgala kiraNa jaina, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa nagarapAlikA, sahAranapura 33. , ratanalAla jaina vakIla, bijanaura 34. ,, motIlAla jaina, agravAla vAdarsa, bAdazAhI nAkA, mAlaroDa, kAnapura 35. , subhakarana jaina, 76/174, sabjI maMDI, kAnapura 36. , mahAvIra prasAda jaina, 38, mejara baiMksa roDa, lakhanaU 37. , sAgaramala caurar3iyA, pharma jItamala jayacanda lAla, 57/27, navAparA, vArANasI 38., haMsarAja jaina, pharma tolArAma ganezamala, belIgaMja, rAyabarelI
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________________ 39. , budhamala surANA, pharma vijayasiMha candaramala, belanagaMja, AgarA 40., kezarIcanda siMghI, pharma zrI tilokacanda prasanna kumAra, sAdAbAdageTa, hAtharasa 41. , bI0 ela0 seThiyA, mainapurI Aisa eNDa kolDa sToreja, sTezana roDa, mainapurI 42. , vijaya siMha bokar3iyA, pharma ratanacanda, rUpacanda, dhanakuTTI, kAnapura 43. , bhaMvara lAla seThiyA, zyAma bhavana, 59 / 31 birahAnA roDa, kAnapura 44. ,, mAMgIlAla bagAnI, jaina minIecara balba phaikTarI, pokharapura, kAnapUra 45. ,, saMtokacanda seThiyA, prakAza TreDiMga kaM0, bAgalA bilDiMga, nayAgaMja, kAnapura 46. , kalyANa dAsa jaina, bhUtapUrva nagarapramukha, lohAmaMDI, AgarA (svargavAsa ho gayA) 47. , pavana kumAra jaina, 46 / 73, chappara muhAla, kAnapura 48. DA. mohana lAla mehatA, adhyakSa zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, hindU yUnivarsiTI, vArANasI 49. zrI javAhara lAla lor3hA, sampAdaka, 'zvetAmbara jaina', motI kaTarA, AgarA 50. ,, vijaya canda bhaMDArI, 33/57 cauka, kAnapura / 51. , sI0 ramanalAla gujarAtI, ramanalAla eNDa kaM0, 55/32, janarala gaMja, kAnapura 52., je0 pI0 jaina, sI01/6, rivara baiMka kAlonI, lakhanaU 53. , sumera canda jaina pATanI, DAlIgaMja, lakhanaU 54. , ema0 pI0 jaina. rivara baiMka kAlonI, lakhanaU 55. , rozanalAla jaina, jaina nagara, meraTha 56. DA0 umedamala munota, saAdata gaMja, lakhanaU 57. zrI palTUmala jaina, po0 kAMdhalA, jilA mujaphpharanagara 58., candrakAMta bhAI, pharma premacandra sAMkalacandra, cauka, vArANasI 59. pro0 motIcandra jaina, namaka maMDI, AgarA-3 60. DA0 rikhaba canda jaina, suraMgI TolA, cauka, lakhanaU samiti ke prathama saciva zrI pRthvInAtha caturvedI, Ayukta evaM saciva, zikSA vibhAga the| unake sthAnAntarita ho jAne ke uparAnta kucha samaya taka zrI pI0 ena0 kaula, Ayukta evaM saciva rASTrIya ekIkaraNa vibhAga, tathA unake bhI sthAnAntarita ho jAne para zrI DI0 pI0 varuNa, saciva, rASTrIya ekIkaraNa vibhAga, ne samiti ke saciva pada ko suzobhita kiyaa| varSa 1974-75 se zrI zazi bhUSaNa zaraNa, Ayukta evaM saciva, zikSA vibhAga, samiti ke saciva pada para AsIna haiN| ina sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ne apane kAryakAla meM samiti ke kAryoM meM pragati lAne ke lie vizeSa ruci dikhAI jisake lie samiti unakI atyanta AbhArI hai| 4-zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti kI pahilI baiThaka dinAMka 21-9-1972 ko tatkAlIna mukhya maMtrI mAnanIya zrI kamalApati tripAThI jI kI adhyakSatA meM huI thii| apane adhyakSayIya bhASaNa meM mukhya maMtrI jI ne kahA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa jayantI ke Ayojana ke lie hameM vyApaka draSTikoNa apanAnA cAhie tathA samAja ke sabhI vargoM ke logoM ko isa samAroha meM sammilita karanA caahie| samAroha ke lie eka vyavasthita kAryakrama kA prastAva taiyAra karane ke lie eka 20-25 sadasyoM kI samiti banA dI jAya / ina prastAvoM meM jaina dharma sambandhI sAhitya ke prakAzana, bhavana nirmANa evaM tIrtha sthAnoM taka sugamatA se pahuMcane ke lie sar3aka Adi ke nirmANa ke prastAva bhI zAmila kie jAMya to ucita rhegaa| eka do syAraka bhI banavAne ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ 4 ] isake alAvA sAhityaka kSetra meM mukhya prasaMgoM para prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai| rAjya sarakAra ina samArohoM ke AyojanoM meM yathA saMbhava sahAyatA karegI kintu isa samAroha kI saphalatA ke lie janatA kA sahayoga prApta karanA adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / 1 5 - ukta baiThaka meM lie gae nirNAyoM ke prakAza meM sadasyoM se aneka sujhAva prApta hue| prApta sujhAvoM tathA prastAvoM para vistAra pUrvaka vicAra karane aura unakI nizcita rUpa rekhA taya karane ke lie samiti ke upAdhyakSa zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya kI adhyakSatA meM nimnalikhita 21 sadasyoM kA eka kAryakArI dala sitambara 1973 meM gaThita kara diyA gayA (1) zrI candrabhAna gupta, sadasya, vidhAna sabhA, lakhanaU (2) je0 mehatA, pAyaniyara, lakhanaU "" (3) zrIcandra surANA sarasa, AgarA (4) paripUrNAnanda varmA, kAnapura 17 (5) DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU (6) zrI zubhakaraNa jaina, kAnapura (7) khuzAla candra gorAvAlA, kAzI vidyApITha, vArANasI (5) sukumAra canda jaina, meraTha (9) abhinandana prasAda Tar3ayA eDavokeTa, jhAMsI 13 "7 " " (10) kalyANa kumAra zazi, rAmapura (11), sunaharI lAla jaina, AgarA (12) chidAmI lAla jaina, phirojAbAda (13) javAhara lAla lor3hA, AgarA (14) maMgala kirana jaina, sahAranapura 29 (15) DA0 mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA, alIgar3ha (16) zrI rAya devendra prasAda eDavokeTa, gorakhapura 37 19 22 (17) kamala nayana sarAvagI, DAyarekTara, balarAma pura zugara milsa, balarAmapura 17 (18) pro0 po0 sI0 jaina, ilAhAbAda vizvadyiAlaya, ilahAbAda ( 19 ) zrI zrIprakAza jaina, mathurA (20) saciva rASTrIya ekIkaraNa vibhAga, uttara pradeza zAsana (21) zrI ajita prasAda jaina, saMyojaka 6. kAryakArI dala ne apanI di0 16-17 akTUbara, 1973 kI baiThaka meM sadasyoM se prApta vibhinna prastAvoM ko antima rUpa dekara samiti kA eka suvyavasthita kAryakrama taiyAra kiyA jisakA anumodana di0 2 apraila 1974 ko mAnanIya hemavatI nandana bahuguNA, mukhya maMtrI, uttara pradeza kI adhyakSatA meM huI samiti kI dUsarI baiThaka meM kara diyA gayA / rAjya samiti dvArA anumodita kAryakrama evaM saMstutiyAM nimna prakAra hai : (ka) kAryakSetra - pUre uttara pradeza meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ko janatA ke sabhI vargoM ke sahayoga se prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM manAnA /
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________________ kArya-(1) sthAnIya samitiyoM kA saMgaThana karAnA, unameM sthAnIya adhikAriyoM kA sahayoga prApta karanA tathA rAjya samiti ke sAmAnya nirdezana ke antargata mahotsava ke vibhinna kAryakramoM ko sampanna kraanaa| (2) nirvANa samAroha ke manAye jAne hetu zAsana ke vibhinna vibhAgoM se samparka sthApita karanA evaM unakA sahayoga prApta krnaa| (3) kendrIya samiti ke sahayoga se una sabhI kArya-kramoM kA sampAdana karanA jinako ki samaya-samaya para nirdhArita kiyA jaay| (4) nirvANa samAroha samucita rUpa se manAye jAne ke liye janatA evaM zAsana se hara sambhava sahayoga prApta krnaa| (5) samiti dvArA pArita vibhinna prastAvoM ko kAryAnvita krnaa| (kha) aise kAryakrama jinameM pratyakSa athavA pRthaka rUpa se koI vittIya bhAra nihita nahIM haiM (1) dIpAvalI kI chuTTI "dIpAvalI, zrI mahAvIra nirvANa divasa' ke nAma se prakhyApita kI jAya / (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmadivasa (caitra zuklA trayodazI) tathA nirvANa divasa-dIpAvalI (kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA) ke zubha dinoM para bUcar3akhAne tathA mAMsa madirA kI dUkAneM baMda rakhI jAya / (3) zAsana se anurodha kiyA jAya ki nirvANa jayantI varSa meM aise lambe sajAyAphtA kaidiyoM ko jinhoMne 7 varSa kA kArAvAsa pUrA kara liyA ho tathA jinake AcaraNa uttama rahe hoM, chor3a diyA jAya / (4) bhagavAna mahAvIra kI karuNA evaM ahiMsA sampUrNa prANi jagata ke liye thI, ataH zAsana se anurodha kiyA jAya ki pradeza meM eka pazubihAra (saikcuyarI), vizeSakara kisI tIrtha sthala para, jaise ki hastinApura meM, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nAma se sthApita kiyA jAya jisameM pazuoM ke zikAra kA pUrNatayA niSedha ho / (5) zAsana se saMstuti kI jAya ki nirvANa varSa meM jo naye rAjakIya cikitsAlaya evaM anya sArvajanika hita kI saMsthAeM sthApita kI jA~ya, unake sthApanApaTa para yaha aMkita kara diyA jAya ki ve bhagavAna ke 2500 veM nirvANa varSa meM sthApita kiye gye| ina cikitsAlayoM meM samiti kI ora se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSA sUcaka zilApaTTa bhI lagAe jAMya / (6) bhagavAna mahAbIra prathama mahAna saMta the jinhoMne jAti-pAMti ke bheda-bhAva kA ghora virodha kiyA tathA udghoSa kiyA ki saba manuSya samAna haiM aura janma se koI U~cA-nIcA nahIM hotaa| ataH zAsana se saMstuti kI jAya ki kisI upayukta harijana kalyANa, samAja kalyANa kI yojanA ke sAtha jo varSa 1974-75 meM prArambha kI jAya bhagavAna mahAbIra kA nAma saMbaddha kara diyA jAya / (7) nimnalikhita prAcIna jaina sAMskRtika evaM kalA kendroM taka mArgoM tathA puloM kA nirmANa evaM peya jala vyavasthA sArbajanika nirmANa vibhAga dvArA karAyA jAya tathA keza progrAma meM mukhtalipha jiloM meM jo sar3akeM bana rahI haiM usameM ina mArgoM ke nirmANa kArya ko bhI sammilita karA diyA jAya :-- (ka) zrI kampilA jI, jilA pharrukhAbAda, 13veM tIrthakara bhagavAna vimalanAtha kI janma evaM tapo bhUmi (1) dharmazAlA kampilA jI se pulisa sTezana kampilA jI taka 0.5 ki0mI sar3aka kA nirmANa (2) 19 ki0mI0 dUra kAsagaMja se kampilA jI ko milAne ke liye sar3akoM kA nirmANa (3) yAtriyoM tathA paryaTakoM ke liye peya jala kI vyavasthA ke liye eka TayUbavaila kA nirmANa
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________________ (kha) ahicchatra, rAmanagara, jilA barelI (4) rAma nagara se revatI bahoDA kher3A sTezana taka 23veM tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAtha svAmI sar3aka nirmANa, 3 ki0mI0 kI jJAna kalyANaka bhUmi (5) AMvalA-sirohI sar3aka para akila nadI para pula nirmANa (ga) candrapurI jilA vArANasI-8veM tIrthaMkara / (6) mukhya sar3aka (vArANasI-gAjIpura) se mandira ____ zrI candraprabhu kI janmabhUmi taka liMka sar3aka-2 ki0mI0 (yaha purAtatva vibhAga dvArA surakSita sthAna hai lekina mukhya sar3aka se mandira taka kA mArga eka dama kaccA tathA asantoSajanaka hai) (gha) kauzAmbI tathA pamosA, (7) sarAya Akila se pabhosA hote hae kauzAmbI jilA ilAhAbAda-6The tIrthaMkara taka kI sar3aka kA nirmANa-yaha isa samaya kaccI zrI padamaprabhu kI janma evaM tapobhUmi sar3aka hai (Ga) zaurIpura baTezvara, jilA AgarA- (8) baTezvara se zaurIpura taka kI sar3aka kA nirmANa, 22veM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha svAmI 5 ki0mI0 kI janma bhUmi (ca) raunAhI, jilA phaijAbAda-15veM tIrthaM (9) lakhanaU-phaijAbAda rAjamArga se ghAgharA nadI ke kara bhagavAna dharmanAtha kI janmabhUmi taTa para sthita dharmanAtha svAmI ke mandira taka sar3aka kA nirmANa-3 ki0mI (cha) khukhundogrAma jilA devariyA-9veM tIrtha (10) naunakhAra relave sTezana se khukhundogrAma meM puSpa kara zrI puSpadanta svAmI kI janma danta svAmI ke mandira taka tathA vahAM se devariyAsalemapura rAjamArga taka sar3aka kA nirmANa 5 ki0mI0 (ja) RSabha nagara marasala gaMja, jilA (11) jArakhI, yA koTalA se marasalagaMja taka sar3aka kA AgarA-prAcIna atizaya kSetra nirmANa-3 yA 6 ki0mI0 (8) Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabha deva evaM anya cAra tIrthakaroM kI janma sthalI ayodhyA, jilA phaijAbAda meM ina tIrthakaroM kI niziyA taka, jo ki ayodhyA nagarapAlikA kI sImA ke bhItara hI sthita hai, paha~cane ke liye mArga kA nirmANa-1 ki0mI0 / zAsana se anurodha kiyA jAya ki ayodhyA nagarapalikA ko uparokta mArga ke nirmANa kA nideza dene kI kRpA kreN| (9) saheTa maheTa (zrAvastI), jilA baharAica, meM jo tIsare tIrthaMkara zrI saMbhavanAtha kI janmabhUmi hai, zrI saMbhavanAtha svAmI ke ati prAcIna mandira ke avazeSa purAtatva vibhAga dvArA surakSita ghoSita kiye hue haiN| zAsana ke mAdhyama se kendrIya purAtatva vibhAga se anurodha kiyA jAya ki uparokta mandira kA mUla prAcIna zailI meM hI jIrNoddhAra karane kA anugraha kreN| yadi purAtatva vibhAga ke liye jIrNoddhAra svayaM karanA saMbhava na ho to jaina samAja ko yaha kAma karane kI anumati pradAna kreN| (10) mathurA nagara antima kevalI zrI jambU svAmI kI mokSa bhUmi hai tathA ati prAcIna kAla se yaha nagara vaidika, jaina evaM bauddha saMskRtiyoM kA saMgama sthala rahA hai| isa nagara ko eka mahatvapUrNa paryaTana kendra ke rUpa meM vikasita karanA bahata vAMchanIya hai| bhUmi |
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________________ kha-7 [ 7 isa nagara ke kaMkAlI TIlA sthala meM prAcInatama aitihAsika avazeSa prApta hue haiN| isa sthAna para eka ati prAcIna jaina stupa sthita thA jisakA nirmANakAla prAgaaitihAsika yuga taka jAtA hai| rAjya ke purAtatva vibhAga se saMstuti kI jAya ki ukta prAcIna stUpa kI AkRti ke eka laghu stUpa kA nirmANa isa sthAna para mADala ke rUpa meM karAye tathA isa sthala ke utkhanana se prApta mahatvapUrNa purAtatva sAmagrI kA vivaraNa eka prastara paTa para aMkita karA kara isa sthala para lagA diyA jAya jisase ki yaha sthAna paryaTakoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendra bne| (11) pArzvanAtha kilA, jilA bijanaura, eka ati prAcIna jaina sAMskRtika kendra thaa| isa samaya isake khaMDahara TIloM ke rUpa meM par3e huye haiN| purAtatva vibhAga se anurodha kiyA jAya ki ina TIloM kI khudAI karAye tAki bhUgarbha meM chipe par3e prAcIna aitihAsika avazeSa prakAza meM A jaay| (12) saMThiyAMva-DIha-phAjilakAnagara, jilA devariyA, ko kucha vidvAna malla kSatriyoM kI rAjadhAnI evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi 'pAvA' mAnate haiN| ataH yaha mAMga bhI katipaya kSetroM dvArA kI jA rahI hai ki isa sthAna ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sahI nirvANa bhUmi tathA nirvANa jayantI manAne ke liye pramukha sthala ghoSita kara diyA jAya tathA isakA nAma 'pAvAnagara' rakha diyA jAya / samiti kI rAya meM isa sthAna ke viSaya meM abhI nirNayAtmaka anusaMdhAna apekSita hai| ataH samiti ke liye isa viSaya para koI mata abhivyakta karanA ucita na hogaa| kintu samiti zAsana se saMstuti karatI hai ki rAjya ke athavA kendra ke purAtatva vibhAga dvArA isa sthAna kI khadAI karAye jisase ki aitihAsika tathya prakAza meM A jAya / (ga)-aise kAryakrama jinameM pratyakSa rUpa se vittIya mAra nihita hai- . (1) pradeza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ke sahayoga se jaina saMskRti, sAhitya evaM darzana tathA ahiMsA se sambandhita viSayoM para 6 seminAroM kA Ayojana tathA seminAroM meM paThita nibandhoM kA pustakAkAra mudraNa evaM prakAzana aadi| (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSA, jaina darzana evaM sAhitya sambandhI viSayoM para vizvavidyAlayoM tathA uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlayoM ke chAtroM meM nibandha pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana tathA zreSTha nibandhoM para puraskAra denaa| (3) jaina saMskRti kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM yogadAna viSaya para eka sarvottama pustaka para puraskAra evaM prakAzana sambandhI sahAyatA / (4) zAkAhAra ke siddhAMta evaM unake saMbaMdha meM vizva sAhitya kA digdarzana / (5) uttara pradeza ke jaina kalA kendroM kI eka paricayAtmaka pustikA kA mudraNa evaM prakAzana / (6) uttara pradeza ke prAcIna jaina sthaloM evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM ke sambandha meM pholDaroM kA prakAzana / (7) 2500 veM varSa meM sthApita sArvajanika cikitsAlayoM evaM anya sArvajanika saMsthAoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sUktiyAM evaM zikSAeM zilApaTToM para likhA kara lgvaanaa| (8) jaina saMskRti, kalA, sAhitya evaM darzana sambandhI sAhitya ke kraya ke liye sArvajanika pustakAlayoM ko vizeSa anudAna (ru. 1000 prati pustkaaly)| (9) pradeza bhara meM anya vividha kAryakramoM ke liye samiti ko anudAna / (10) prAcIna jaina sAMskRtika evaM kalA kRtiyoM kI surakSA evaM saMrakSaNa ke liye anudAna /
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________________ (11) lakhanaU meM bhagavAna mahAvIra pArka evaM smAraka kA nirmANa, jisameM eka ADiToriyama, eka sArvajanika pustakAlaya, adhyAtma vidyA adhyayana kakSa, yoga sAdhanA kakSa evaM zodha saMsthAna kA bhavana ho (pArka kI bhUmi zAsana dvArA niHzulka upalabdha karAI jAya / smAraka ke rakharakhAva Adi para hone vAle Avartaka vyaya ke vahana kI vyavasthA samiti rAjakIya anudAna evaM anya stroM se kregii)| (12) pradeza ke anya sthAnoM meM mahAbIra smArakoM ke liye AMzika anudAna (anudAna kevala vahIM diyA jAyagA jahAM kI janatA kama se kama AdhA nirmANa vyaya tathA pUrA rakharakhAva vyaya vahana karane kI vyavasthA kara le)| uparokta kAryakramoM ke liye jitanI dhanarAzi rAjya sarakAra dvArA svIkRta kI jAya, vaha isa samiti ko anudAna ke rUpa meM svIkRta kara dI jAya / 7. di0 2 apraila, 1974 kI baiThaka meM apane adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM mAnanIya mukhya mantrI jI ne kahA ki bhAratIya saMskRti eka hI cIja hai| kAla ne usakI zakala va sUrata aneka kara dI hai| deza kI saMskRti yadi aparivartana zIla rahe to vaha mara jAtI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti meM vicAroM kI kitanI hI vizeSa dhArAe~ haiN| unameM se eka bahuta pavitra viziSTa tathA atyanta tejasvI vicAradhArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhAratIya saMskRti ko dI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti samudra hai aneka vicAroM kA, isa samudra meM Akara gaMgA jamunA apanA mIThApana kho detI haiM aura nAlA apanI kar3avAhaTa, apanI kharAbI kho detA hai, yaha usakI eka vizeSatA hai| hara dhArA kA smaraNa bAra-bAra karanA bhArata ke lie ati Avazyaka hai / hamArI pAThya pustakoM meM sAMskRtika jhalaka hI nahIM varan samAja, dharma aura varga se Upara uThakara bAteM honI cAhie / hamAre bujurga cAhe vaha koI santa hoM, cAhe kavi hoM, dharma pravartaka hoM yA jisane darzana ko naI dRSTi dI ho, cAhe vaha vallabhAcArya hoM, rAmAnanda hoM, cAhe koI AcArya hoM, yaha sabhI bhAratIya saMskRti kI aneka dhArAe~ haiM / unhoMne samaya-samaya para isa saMskRti ko bala pradAna kiyA hai aura Age ko bar3hAyA hai| lekina agara samudra meM milane ke bajAya koI dhArA alaga rahanA cAhe to vaha sUkha kara raha jAtI hai, usako baiThA denA caahie| isa samudra kA jahAM sAtha nahIM, vaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA hissA nhiiN| hameM isako dekhanA aura samajhanA cAhie / yadi pAThya pustakoM meM koI galata bayAnI draSTi meM AtI hai to pAThya pustaka adhikArI ko sujhAva bhejakara use ThIka karAnA cAhie / isa jayantI ke avasara para dabI cIjeM Upara lAne ke lie tathA bhUlI cIjoM kI yAda dilAne ke lie vizvavidyAlayoM meM vyAkhyAna Ayojita karAe jAne caahie| vicAroM kI krAnti tathA zodha kAryoM ke lie vizvavidyAlayoM kA sahArA liyA jAnA caahie| 8. di0 2 apraila 1975 kI baiThaka meM lie gaye nirNayoM ke sucArurUpa se kAryAnvayana ke lie nimnalikhita upasamitiyoM kA gaThana kiyA gayA: (1) kAryakAriNI upasamiti adhyakSa--mAnanIya DA0 rAmajIlAla sahAyaka, zikSA mantrI upAdhyakSa-zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya saciva-saciva, rASTrIya ekIkaraNa vibhAga upa saciva-zrI ajita prasAda jaina sadasya: 1. DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU 2. zrI sukumAra canda jaina, meraTha,
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________________ * 3. ,, ratanalAla jaina vakIla, bijanaura 4. , indrajIta jaina kAnapura, , mahAvIra prasAda jaina iMjIniyara, lakhanaU , javAhara lAla lor3hA, AgarA ,, zrIcanda surANA sarasa, AgarA 8. , bhaMvara lAla seThiyA, kAnapura 9. DA0 mohanalAla mehatA, vArANasI nimna likhita sajjanoM ko kArya kAriNI upa samiti kI baiThakoM meM vizeSa Amantrita ke rUpa meM bulAyA gayA: 1. zrI saMgrAma siMha koThArI, ceyaramaina hiMDAlako, renukUTa, mirjApura 2. , narendra kumAra jaina, 59 gAMdhI roDa, deharAdUna 3. , nirmala kumAra jaina, harakhacanda phlora mila, sItApura 4. , sumera canda pATanI, lakhanaU 5. , zAnti prakAza jaina, upa saciva, sahakAritA vibhAga isa upa samiti kI tIna baiThakeM, di0 20 maI 1974, 19 agasta 1974 tathA 3 pharavarI 1974 ko kI gii| (2) artha saMgraha upasamiti adhyakSa-zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya saMyojaka-zrI sumera canda pATanI, lakhanaU sadasya: 1. zrI sunaharIlAla jaina, AgarA 2.:, chadAmIlAla jaina, phirojAbAda 3. , maMgala kiraNa jaina, sahAranapura , sAgaramala caurar3iyA, vArANasI 5. ,, vijaya siMha bokar3iyA, kAnapura 6., kalyANadAsa jaina, AgarA 7. , sI. ramanalAla gujarAtI, kAnapura ,, seTha bhaMvarIlAla agravAla, bArAbaMkI , saMgrAma siMha koThArI, renukUTa, mirjApura 10. , nirmala kumAra jaina, sItApura , narendra kumAra jaina, deharAdUna 12. , kamala nayana sarAvagI, balarAmapura, goMDA 13. , prabhUlAla DAbarIvAlA, tulasIpura, goMDA isa upasamiti kI tIna baiThakeM di. 30 apraila 1974, 20 maI 1974 tathA 19 agasta 1974 ko kI gii|
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________________ 10 ] (3) saimInAra upasamiti adhyakSa-zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya saMyojaka-zrI paripUrNAnanda varmA, kAnapura sadasya: 1. zrI khuzAla canda gorAvAlA, vArANasI 2. , zarada kumAra sAdhaka, vArANasI 3. , kailAzacanda zAstrI, vArANasI 4. , DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU isa upa samiti kI eka baiThaka di0 19 agasta 1974 ko kI gii| (4) bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti graMtha kA sampAdaka maMDala 1. DA. jyoti prasAda jaina-pradhAna sampAdaka 2. paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI, vArANasI 3. zrI zarada candra 'sAdhaka', vArANasI 4. DA. mohanalAla mehatA, vArANasI 5. zrI javAharalAla lor3hA, AgarA smati graMtha ke prakAzana Adi kI vyavasthA meM sahayoga dene ke lie uparokta ke atirikta nimnalikhita sajjanoM ko sammilita karate hue eka upasamiti kA gaThana kiyA gayA: 1. zrI narendra kumAra jaina, deharAdUna 2. , indrajIta jaina, kAnapura 3., sumeracanda pATanI, lakhanaU 4. ,, saMgrAma siMha koThArI, renukUTa, mirjApura 5. , vinaya kumAra modI, modI nagara, meraTha , ena0 ke0 vajauriyA, sahAranapura 7. ,, pI0 sI0 jaina, bI0 AI0 sI0, kAnapura 8. ,, sItArAma jayapuriyA, kAnapura 9. , nirmala kumAra jaina, sItApura 10. , vijaya poddAra, kalakattA isa upa samiti kI eka baiThaka di0 6 aktUbara 1975 ko kI gii| 9. rAjakIya anudAna di0 21 sitambara 1972 ko huI rAjya samiti kI prathama baiThaka meM tatkAlIna mukhya mantrI jI ke AzvAsana para samiti ne 13 lAkha rupaye ke vividhi kAryakramoM kI yojanA taiyAra kI thI jisakA anumodana di0 2 apraila 1974 ko vartamAna mukhya mantrI jI kI adhyakSatA meM huI baiThaka meM kara diyA gayA thaa| AzA yaha thI ki kendrIya
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________________ [ 11 sarakAra ke udAharaNa ko draSTi meM rakhate hue rAjya sarakAra samiti ko vividha kAryakramoM ke sampAdana hetu 13 lAkha rupaye kA anudAna upalabdha kara degI kintu isa bIca rAjya kI Arthika sthiti viSama ho jAne ke kAraNa rAjya sarakAra kevala 6 // lAkha rupaye kA hI anudAna dene ke lie sahamata huI aura unhoMne yaha apekSA kI ki samiti zeSa vyaya dAna Adi se dhana saMgraha karake pUrA kare / ukta 650000 / - kI dhanarAzi meM se bhI aba taka kevala rupayA 3,25000 kA hI anudAna samiti ko prApta ho pAyA hai| samiti dvArA prArambha kiye gaye kAryakramoM ko pUrA karane ke lie anudAna kI ru. 3,25,000 kI zeSa dhanarAzi kA milanA bhI Avazyaka hai aura usake lie satata prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| . upayukta mAtrA meM dhana rAzi upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa samiti ko apane kaI kAryakrama sthagita kara dene par3e haiM tathA zeSa meM saMzodhana karanA par3A hai| dAna prApti rAjya samiti kI apIla para samiti ko nimnalikhita sajjanoM evaM saMsthAoM se unake nAma ke sammukha aMkita dhanarAzi dAna svarUpa prApta huI hai jisake lie samiti unakI abhArI hai:1. zrI nirmala kumAra jaina, harakhacandra phlora mila, sItApura ru. 5,000.00 2., bhagavAna mahAvIra 250 vA~ nirvANa mahotsava, uttarAkhaNDa kSetrIya samiti,zrI narendra kumAra jaina, deharAdana, ke mAdhyama se ru. 5,000.00 3. , zrImatI jeDa0 esa0 koThArI, zrI saMgrAma siMha koThArI, ceyaramaina hiMdAlako, renukUTa mirjApura ke mAdhyama se ru. 2,000.00 4. , sAgaramala cauraDiyA, vArANasI ru. 1,101-00 bhaMvarIlAla agravAla, svAstika TreDarsa, bArAbaMkI ru. 1,001-00 6. , DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU ru. 101-00 7. , narendra kumAra jaina deharAdUna ru. 101-00 , ratanalAla jaina, bijanaura 170.00 9., lakSmI candra jaina, mathurA ru. 163-45 10. , kalyANakumAra 'zazi', rAmapura ru. 162-20 11. , indrajIta jaina, kAnapura / 107-85 12. , haMsarAja jaina, rAyabarelI 70-20 13. , mahAvIra prasAda jaina iMjIniyara, lakhanaU ru. 54-00 14. , vijaya siMha bokar3iyA, kAnapura 53-85 15. , zubhakarana jaina, kAnapura 53-85 16. , bhaMvaralAla seThiyA, kAnapura ru. 53-85 17., rameza candra jaina, mainejara jaina dharmazAlA, lakhanaU ke mAdhyama se ru. 152-00 yoga ru. 15,345-25 nimnalikhita sajjanoM evaM saMsthAoM se isa smRti grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati zraddhAMjali jJApana hetu unake sAmane aMkita dhanarAziyAM prApta huI:1. zrI bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti kendra, rAyabarelI ru. 1000 *
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________________ 12 ] . 44 Mr mm x m 2. hindustAna alUminiyama kAraporezana li0, renUkUTa 1000 3. dI briTiza iMDiyA kAraporezana li., kAnapura 4. sUcanA nidezAlaya, u0 pra0 5. mArDana TeksaTAilsa, kAnapura 6. sTAra pepara milsa li., sahAranapura 7. mesarsa narezacanda pArasamala, koparagaMja, kAnapura 8. mesarsa pannAlAla banArasIdAsa, nayAgaMja kAnapura 9. mesarsa cetana eNDa kaM0 tathA saMjaya eNDa kaM0, birahAnA roDa, kAnapura 10. jaina sevA samiti, sItApura 11. dI0 kizana phlora milsa, relaveroDa, meraTha 300 12. madyaniSedha evaM samAjotthAna vibhAga, u0pra0 1000 kula ru0 6100 11-rAjya samiti kI tIsarI baiThaka di0 25 julAI 1975 ko vidhAna bhavana lakhanaU meM mAnanIya zrI hemavatI nandana bahuguNA, mukhya mantrI, uttara pradeza, kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna hii| isa baiThaka meM isa para kSobha prakaTa kiyA gayA ki rAjya sarakArane rAjya samiti ke vividha kAryakrarmoM ke lie kevala 6,50000 ru. dene kA AzvAsana diyA hai jisameM se bhI abhI taka 3,25000 ru. prApta hue haiM jabaki anya pradeza sarakAroM ne kahIM adhika dhanarAzi ke anudAna apanI pradeza samitiyoM ko svIkRta kiye haiM / devariyA jile meM pAvAnagara, jise bahuta se vidvAna bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa sthalI mAnate haiM, ke TIloM kI khudAI karAye jAne kA bhI Agraha kiyA gyaa| zAsana kI kA AzvAsana diyA gayA ki zeSa ru. 3,25000 kI dhanarAzi bhI anudAna ke rUpa meM samiti ko yathAzIghra svIkRta kara dI jAyagI tathA pAvAnagara kI khudAI ke lie bhArata sarakAra ke purAtatva vibhAga se Agraha kiyA jaaygaa| 12. mahAvIra jana kalyANa nidhi kI sthApanA baiThaka meM eka yaha sujhAva bhI AyA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pAvana smRti meM samAja sevA kA kArya karane ke lie eka bhagavAna mahAvIra TrasTa yA nidhi kI sthApanA isa 2500 nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke upalakSa meM yadi kara dI jAye to yaha eka bahumUlya upalabdhi hogii| mAnanIya mukhya mantrI jI ne isa sujhAva kA svAgata karate hue yaha AzvAsana diyA ki yadi jaina samAja dvArA rAmakRSNa mizana jaisI koI sArvajanika saMsthA banAI jAtI hai to usake dvArA samAja sevA ke kAryoM meM rAjya sarakAra bhI Arthika sahayoga de sakatI hai| mAnanIya zrI jagadIza zaraNa agravAla svA0 zAsana mantrI ne prastAvita vidhi kI yojanA ke lie apanA vyaktigata sahayoga dene kA AzvAsana diyA / prastAvita nidhi kI sthApanA ke sujhAva kA baiThaka meM upasthita sabhI sadasyoM ne hArdika svAgata kiyA tathA saciva mahodaya se anurodha kiyA ki ve isa sambandha meM Avazyaka prArambhika kAryavAhI karA deN| prastAvita nidhi kI rUparekhA tathA sambhAvanAoM para vicAra karane ke lie samiti ke saciva zrI zazi bhUSaNa zaraNa ne di0 25 sitambara, 1975 ko apane sacivAlaya kakSa meM rAjya samiti ke sthAnIya sadasyoM se eka baiThaka meM vicAra vimarza kiyaa| baiThaka meM upasthina sabhI sadasya isa viSaya meM ekamata the ki pradeza meM eka bhagavAna mahAvIra jana kalyANa nidhi kI sthApanA kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai, jisake mAdhyama se nirdhana chAtroM ko zikSA kI suvidhA, asahAya mahilAoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa, berojagAroM ke lie jIvikopArjana vyavasthA, cikitsA sahAyatA prasAra
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________________ [ 13 evaM anya samAja sevA ke kArya jaina samAja ke antargata kiye jA skeN| yaha bhI vicAra vyakta kiyA gayA ki nidhi kI samucita upayogitA tabhI ho sakegI jaba ki vaha kama se kama eka karor3a rupaye kI ho jAya jisase ki vArSika Aya dasa lAkha rupaye kI ho ske| baiThaka meM yaha nirNaya liyA gayA ki prastAvita nidhi kI sthApanA kI sambhAvanAoM kI jAMca karane ke lie pratyeka jile se jAnakArI prApta kara lI jAya ki nidhi kI sthApanA ke prArambhika caraNa meM vibhinna kSetroM se isa prayojana ke lie kitanI dhanarAzi ikaTThA ho sakatI hai| nidhi kI sthApanA kA prArambhika vyaya rAjya samiti ke dvArA kara diyA jAyagA / uparokta jAnakArI prApta kI jA rahI hai aura AzA hai ki nidhi kI sthApanA zIghra kara dI jaaygii| 13-samiti kI upalabdhiyAM samiti kI saMstuti para rAjya sarakAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM zikAra bandI ke Adeza prasArita kiye tathA tIna mAsa se adhika daMDa ke bandiyoM ko 15 dina kA vizeSa parihAra pradAna kiyaa| mahAvIra jayantI tathA mahAvIra nirvANa divasa para pazuvadha-zAlAyeM tathA zarAba kI dukAneM banda rakhe jAne ke Adeza prasArita kie| samiti kI saMstuti para rAjya sarakAra ne bhArata sarakAra ko eka atyanta AgrahapUrNa patra dinAMka 16-10-74 ko likhA thA ki ahiMsA dharma ke mahAna praNetA bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke prati zraddhAMjali arpita karane ke lie yaha ucita hogA ki jina mAmaloM meM vibhinna nyAyAlayoM dvArA 13 navambara 1974 yA usake bAda mRtyudaMDa diyA jAya, una sabhI meM kevala bahuta hI vizeSa paristhitiyoM ko chor3akara, mRtyudaMDa ko AjIvana kArAvAsa meM badala diyA jAya / bhArata sarakAra ne isa saMstuti ko svIkAra karake deza bhara meM 13 disambara 1974 yA usase pUrva mRtyudaNDa ke baMdiyoM kA daNDa AjIvana kArAvAsa meM pariNita kiye jAne ke Adeza prasArita kara die haiN| samiti kA prayAsa hai ki bhArata sarakAra aise Adeza dIpAvalI 1975 taka ke lie bhI jArI kara de| samiti kI saMstuti para rAjya sarakAra ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pAvana smRti meM mahAvIra smRti kendroM ke bhavana Adi ke nirmANa ke lie barelI tathA haridvAra meM ni:zulka bhUmi upalabdha kara dI hai| rAyabarelI meM bhI isa prayojana ke lie bhUmi upalabdha karAne kA prastAva rAjya sarakAra ke sakriya vicArAdhIna hai| lakhanaU, bArAbaMkI evaM anya sthAnoM meM bhI bhUmi prApta karane ke prayAsa kie jA rahe haiN| 14-tIrtha sthAnoM evaM prAcIna sAMskRtika sthaloM kA vikAsa (1) rAjya samiti ne isakA prayAsa kiyA hai ki vibhinna tIrtha kSetroM ke pahuMca mArga jo kacce par3e hue haiM unheM pakkA karA diyA jAya / pariNAmasvarUpa zAsana ke sArvajanika nirmANa vibhAga dvArA kucha mArga pakke karA die gae haiM tathA zeSa ke sambandha meM Avazyaka kAryavAhI kI jA rahI hai| (2) rAjya samiti kI saMstuti para rAjya sarakAra ne ahicchatra pArzvanAtha, jilA barelI, meM peya jala kI suvidhA upalabdha kie jAne hetu eka rAjakIya nalakUpa svIkRta kara diyA hai| (3) rAjya samiti kI saMstuti para bhArata sarakAra ne revatI bahor3A sTezana kA nAma 'ahicchanna-pArzvanAtha' meM parivartita karanA svIkAra kara liyA hai| (4) rAjya samiti zrAvastI meM bhagavAna saMbhavanAtha ke prAcIna mandira ke jIrNoddhAra ke lie purAtatva vibhAga bhArata sarakAra kI anumati evaM sahayoga prApta karane kA prayatna kara rahI hai aura AzA hai ki isameM saphalatA mila jaavegii| (5) rAjya samiti isakA bhI prayAsa kara rahI hai ki devagar3ha kSetra jilA lalitapura meM jina mUrtiyoM ke taskaroM ne sara kATa die the unakI vaijJAnika DhaMga se purAtatva vibhAga ke sahayoga se marammata karA dI jAya /
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________________ 14 ] kha -7 (6) rAjya samiti ke prayAsa se lakhanaU myUjiyama meM kaMkAlI TIlA se prApta ati prAcIna jaina stupa ke avazeSoM ke AdhAra para ukta stUpa kA eka laghu mADala taiyAra karAyA jA rahA hai / 15-uttara pradeza meM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM sampanna kAryakrama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke avasara kI garimA ke anurUpa zAsana tathA janatA ke sabhI vargoM ke sahayoga se sollAsa manAe jAne hetu pradeza ke pratyeka jile meM jilA adhikArI kI adhyakSatA meM jilA mahAvIra nirvANa samiti kA gaThana karAyA gayA tathA isa bAta kA prayAsa kiyA gayA ki jilA samitiyoM meM na kevala jaina samAja ke vibhinna saMpradAyoM kA pratinidhitva ho balki jile ke anya viziSTha vidvAnoM evaM samAja seviyoM kA bhI, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM meM ruci rakhate hoM, sahayoga prApta ho / prAyaH pratyeka jile meM kalekTara tathA anya adhikAriyoM ne jilA samitiyoM ke kAryakramoM meM utsAha pUrvaka yogadAna diyA tathA mArga darzana kiyA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa almor3A jaise jiloM meM bhI jahAM jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hai utsAhapUrvaka kAryakrama sampanna hae / nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke kAryakramoM kA prArambha rAja samiti ke sarakSaka mahAmahima DA0 ema0 cennA reDDI rAjyapAla, uttara pradeza, ke dinAMka 13 navambara, 1974 ko prasArita nimnalikhita saMdeza ke sAtha kiyA gayA "mujhe yaha jAna kara bar3I prasannatA hai ki zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA varSa vyApI 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava zIghra hI prArambha karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| hamAre deza meM jaba jaba zAzvata mUlyoM kA hrAsa huA, bhAratIya saMskRti ne apane garbha se jina mahApuruSoM tathA avatAroM ko janma diyA, unameM bhagavAna mahAvIra agrima paMkti meM Ate haiM / jisa samaya vaidika dharma kA patana ho rahA thA tathA samAja meM aneka kurItiyAM, andhavizvAsa tathA bali evaM narabali taka vyApta ho rahI thI, aise samaya bhagavAna mahAbIra ne janma lekara prema, ahiMsA tathA sahiSNutA kA sandeza dekara tathA apane mahAna vyaktitva ke prabhAva se aneka sambhrAnta rAjavaMzIya va janasAdhAraNa ko dIkSita karake bhAratIya janajIvana meM naye prANoM kA saMcAra kiyA / unakA ahiMsA kA sandeza deza va kAla kI sImAoM se pare hai tathA mAnavIya saMskRti ko vibhinna nAma va rUpoM meM utprerita karatA rhegaa| maiM zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti ke isa anuSThAna kI prazaMsA karate hue, utsava kI saphalatA heta apanI hArdika zubhakAmanAyeM bhejatA huuN|" isa avasara para rAjya samiti ke kAryAdhyakSa mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka, ucca zikSA maMtrI uttara pradeza, ne bhI di0 23 navambara 1954 ko prasArita nimnalikhita saMdeza ke dvArA samAroha kI saphalatA ke lie apanI zubhakAmanAe~ bheMTa kI "jaina dharma bhAratIya saMskRti kI zramaNa paramparA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra isa paramparA ke antima prastotA the| mahAvIra ne Aja se DhAI sahastra varSa pUrva apane ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha ke siddhAnta ke nirUpaNa dvArA eka sazakta vaicArika krAnti upasthita kI jo Aja bhI utanI hI sArthaka hai jitanI ki unake jIvanakAla meM thii| unhoMne kadAgraha ko dUra karane aura samAja meM U~ca-nIca evaM jAti varNa ke bheda bhAva ko miTAne ke liye eka saiddhAntika AdhAra pradAna kiyaa| unakA pAramArthika saMdeza loka meM kalyANa kA mArga nirantara pradarzita karatA rahA hai|| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko nirvANa lAbha kiye 2500 varSa pUre huye| mujhe harSa hai ki deza bhara meM mahAvIra ke 2500vAM nirmANa samAroha ko bar3e ullAsa se manAyA jA rahA hai| isa pradeza meM ina samArohoM kA Ayojana zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza, ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA rahA hai| mujhe AzA hai ki pradeza kI janatA isa
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________________ [ 15 nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM mahAvIra ke ahiMsA aura saha-astitva ke samyaka AcaraNa evaM vibhinna loka hitakArI kAryoM ke sampAdana dvArA usa mahAmAnava ke prati apanI zraddhA ke sumana arpita kregii| maiM isa samAroha kI saphalatA ke liye apanI hArdika zubha kAmanAyeM bhejatA huuN|" jiloM se prApta sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500meM nirvANa mahotsava varSa kA prAraMbha pradeza bhara meM bar3e ullAsa evaM utsAha ke sAtha kiyA gyaa| prAyaH pratyeka sthAna meM tIna se sAta dina ke surucipUrNa kAryakrama Ayojita kie ge| vizAla evaM bhavya zobhAyAtrAeM nikAlI gaI tathA sArvajanika samAe~, dharma sabhAe~, sarvadharma sammelana evaM sAMskRtika kAryakrama Ayojita kie gae aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM se sambandhita sAhitya kA vitaraNa kiyA gyaa| lakhanaU meM tathA anya kaI sthAnoM para DhAI hajAra bhUkhoM ko bhojana karAyA gyaa| kaI samAcAra patroM evaM sAptAhika, pAkSika tathA mAsika patroM ne isa avasara para apane vizeSAMka nikAle / zikSA saMsthAoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI evaM zikSAoM para nibandha pratiyogitAe~ evaM vAda vivAda pratiyogitAe~ bhI Ayojita huii| dinAMka 13 navambara, 1974 ko bhArata sarakAra ke DAka TikaTa vibhAga ne isa puNya avasara para eka vizeSa DAka TikaTa kA prasAraNa kiyA jisakA vimocana lakhanaU meM zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya kI adhyakSatA meM Ayojita eka sArvajanika sabhA meM mAnanIya kI jagannAtha pahAr3iyA, upa mantrI, saMcAra vibhAga, bhArata sarakAra ne kiyaa| lakhanaU meM hI dinAMka 14 navambara, 1974 ko mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka, ucca zikSA mantrI, uttara pradeza kI adhyakSatA meM eka vizAla ahiMsA sammelana Ayojita kiyA gayA jisameM jaina dharma, bauddha dharma, islAma dharma, IsAI dharma tathA hindU dharma ke vidvAnoM ne apane dharmoM meM ahiMsA ke svarUpa kA prarUpaNa kiyaa| ye donoM kAryakrama jilA mahAvIra nirvANa samiti lakhanaU ne rAjya samita ke sahayoga se sampAdita kie| dinAMka 24 apraila 1975 ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jayantI bhI pradeza bhara meM bar3e ullAsa evaM utsAha ke sAtha manAI gii| isa avasara para prAyaH pratyeka sthAna meM tIna dina kA kAryakrama rakhA gayA jisameM vizAla zobhA yAtrAeM nikAlI gaI tathA sAnajanika sabhAeM, kavi sammelana tathA sAMskRtika kAryakrama Ayojita i naucandI ke mele meM apraila se "ahiMsA pracAra kendra" ke nAma se eka zAkAhAra pradarzanI, tIrtha kSetra darzana va paMcazIla pradarzanI lagAI gii| lakhanaU meM sarga sevA saMgha vArANasI dvArA prakAzita graMtha "samaNa suttaM" kA vimocana mAnanIya zrI vAsudeva siMha, adhyakSa vidhAna sabhA uttara pradeza, dvArA kiyA gyaa| isa graMtha kA saMkalana saMta vinobA jI kI preraNA para jaina dharma ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM kI 1974 meM dillI meM Ayojita eka samiti meM kiyA gayAM thA tathA isameM jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke mAnya Agama graMthoM se sUtroM kA viSayavAra saMkalana karake jaina dharma kA eka sarvamAnya sAra prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dinAMka 20 maI 1975 ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kevalajJAna-prApti divasa manAyA gayA / isa avasara para DA. jyoti prasAda jaina ne lakhanaU meM eka bRhat jaina sAhitya evaM citra pradarzanI tathA eka jJAna goSThI Ayojita kI jisakI adhyakSatA DA0 Ananda jhA ne kI, pradarzanI kA udghATana DA0 rAmakumAra dIkSita ne kiyaa| anya sthAnoM para bhI sAhitya pradarzanI Ayojita kI gaI evaM jaina saMskRti ke vidvAnoM kA sammAna kiyA gayA / dIpAvalI 1975 ke avasara para nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke samApana ke upalakSya meM pradeza bhara meM eka saptAha ke kAryakrama bar3e utsAha evaM ullAsa ke sAtha sampanna kie ge| sthAna-sthAna para bhagavAna kI pUjA upAsanA evaM nirvANa laDaDa car3hAne tathA dIpamAlikA kA Ayojana karane ke atirikta zobhAyAtrAe~ nikAlI gaI, sArvajanika sabhAoM
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________________ 16 ] kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jinameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA, vAda vivAda pratiyogitAe~, nibandha pratiyogitAe~, ahiMsA mele, sAMskRtika pradarzanI Ayojita kI gii| 96. dharma cakra kA pravartana zrI di. jaina bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava sosAiTI ke prayatna se deza bhara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmacakra ko ghumAyA gyaa| isakA udghATana dehalI meM pradhAna maMtrI zrImatI iMdirA gAMdhI jI ke kara kamaloM dvArA kiyA gayA thA tathA 3 jUna 1975 ko dharmacakra ne uttara pradeza meM praveza kiyA thaa| dharmacakra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM evaM jIvana darzana kA pratIka hai| pradeza ke sabhI jilA adhikAriyoM se anurodha kara diyA gayA thA ki ve apane jile meM dharmacakra kA yathocita svAgata, Adara sammAna evaM surakSA kA prabandha karane kI kRpA kreN| rAjya samiti ko saMtoSa hai ki prAyaH sabhI sthAnoM meM dharmacakra kA svAgata variSTha sthAnIya adhikAriyoM evaM rAjanetAoM dvArA bar3I zraddhA evaM sammAna ke sAtha kiyA gayA tathA bhavya zobhAyAtrAeM nikAlI gaIM jinameM bhagavAna ke paricaya evaM zikSAoM saMbaMdhI sAhitya ko janatA meM vitarita kiyA gyaa| aneka sthAnoM meM isa avasara para sArvajanika sabhAeM bhI Ayojita kI gayIM jinameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati zraddhAMjali arpita kI gii| dharmacakra kA samApana di0 16 navambara 1975 ko zrI hastinApura tIrtha kSetra para bar3I dhUmadhAma se kiyA gyaa| 17. saimInAra, vyAkhyAnamAlAeM, vicAragoSThiyAM tathA sAMskRtika pradarzaniyAM vArANasI vyAkhyAna mAlA-vArANasI meM hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke antargata "bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA kA bhAratIya samAja evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa meM kyA yogadAna hai" isa tathya ko abhivyakti dene ke uddezya se bhAratIya mahAvidyAlaya meM eka vyAkhyAnamAlA 12 mArca 1975 ko Ayojita kI gaI jisake antargata nimnalikhita vyAkhyAna hue : (1) "bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMdeza kI bhAratIya janajIvana aura vAtAvaraNa meM ekAtmakatA"-AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne batAyA ki jisa prakAra pUNya salilA nadI marusthala meM aMtarnihita hokara bhI samApta nahIM ho jAtI,usI taraha mahApuruSoM kA avadAna, unake upadeza kabhI samApta nahIM hote| ve puSpa ke saurabha kItaraha samasta vAyumaMDala meM vyApta ho jAte haiN| mahAvIra kA saMdeza bhAratIya jana-jIvana aura vAtAvaraNa meM ekAtmaka ho gayA hai| (2) "jainadharma : paramparA aura itihAsa"- paM. kailAza candra zAstrI ne pAzcAtya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM dvArA jaina dharma saMbaMdhI kie gae anusaMdhAna kAryoM ke prakAza meM jainadharma ke pAramparika itihAsa kA mUlyAMkana karate hue batAyA ki jo tathya abhI itihAsa kI pakar3a ke bAhara haiM unakI pramANikatA kI jAMca ke anusaMdhAna apekSita haiN| (3) "pichale DhAI sahastra varSoM meM ahiMsA kA bahuAyAmI vikAsa"-DA0 vidyAnivAsa mizra ne viSaya kA prabhAvaka DhaMga se nirUpaNa karate hae isa para bala diyA ki sahastroM varSoM kI sIdhI yAtrA kI mahatI upalabdhiyAM bemAnI aura arthahIna nahIM haiN| seminAra-vArANasI meM seminAra kA Ayojana dinAMka 13-14 mArca, 1975 ko cAra sannoM meM kiyA gayA thA jisake antargata 'bhAratIya kalA, saMskRti aura sAhitya ko jainadharma kA yogadAna' ke viSaya para eka paricarcA Ayojita thii| prathama dina DA0 gokula canda jaina kA nibandha "jaina kalA kI pRSThabhUmi, stUpa tathA guphA mandira"
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________________ kha -7 [ 17 tathA DA. jhinaka yAdava kA "AcArya haribhadrasUrI kRta samarAicca kahA meM jaina dharma aura darzana" para nibandha par3he gaye aura carcA hii| dinAMka 14 mArca 1975 ko hindU vizvavidyAlaya Akasmika rUpa se anizcita kAla ke lie banda ho jAne ke kAraNa anma satroM kA kAryakrama sthagita kara diyA gayA / pradarzanI--isa avasara para bhArata kalA bhavana meM eka kalA evaM purAtatva pradarzanI kA Ayojana bhI kiyA gayA jisameM kalA bhavana meM saMrakSita sAmagrI ke sAtha-sAtha bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM upalabdha evaM saMgrahAlayoM meM saMrakSita IsApUrva dUsarI zatI se lekara bArahavIM zatI taka kI durlabha sAmagrI ke citroM kA evaM sacina graMthoM kA pradarzana kiyA gayA / pradarzanI ke lie citroM kA cayana isa prakAra kiyA gayA thA jisameM ki mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA kI sAMskRtika vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva ho ske| sAhitya pradarzanI meM ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI Agama, dharma darzana, jaina nyAya, dhyAna yoga, purANa, kAvya, nATaka, itihAsa, kalA, sthApatya, chanda alaMkAra, koSa, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, cikitsA vijJAna, patra-patrikAeM evaM pichale sATha varSoM meM prakAzita saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, kannaDa, phreMca, jarmana, iTAliyana tathA aMgrejI ke durlabha evaM aprApya viziSTa kiyA gyaa| parisaMvAda goSThI-vArANasI meM 31 akTabara va 1-2 navambara ko pro0 nirmala kumAra bosa smAraka pratiSThAna ke tatvAvadhAna meM rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se "jaina dharma aura saMskRti : Adhunika saMdarbha meM" viSaya para eka samAjanaijJAnika parisaMvAda goSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| samAja gaijJAnikoM ne bhAratIya saMskRti kI aba taka jo vyAkhyA kI hai usameM isa prAcIna aura aizvaryavAna saMskRti kA sirpha brAhmaNa vicAra dhArA kA hI pakSa nikhara pAyA hai| kintu brAhmaNetara vicAradhArAoM ke pariveza se haTa kara bhAratIya saMskRti kI vyAkhyA adhUrI hai| kucha prasiddha samAja gaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti para karmavAda, cakrIya parivartana aura varNa bheda jaisI mAnava ko azakta banAne vAlI avadhAraNAoM kA vyApaka prabhAva hai, jisake kAraNa yaha deza parivartana aura pragati ke lie Antarika rUpa se akSama hai| kintu yaha vicAra bhrAmaka hai aura jaina tathA bauddhazAstroM meM parivartana aura pragati kI ora prerita karane vAlI avadhAraNAeM bharI par3I haiN| durbhAgyavaza adhikAMza samAjavaijJAnika inase aparicita rahe haiM aura darzana ke vidvAna inheM zuSka tarka kA viSaya banAye huye haiM / Aja ke saMdarbha meM rASTrIya saMskRti ke prati niSThA tathA vyApaka mAnavIya mUlyoM ko lekara nae samAja kI saMracanA meM-ina dezaja avadhAraNAoM kI vyAkhyA sirpha bauddhika carcA ke lie hI nahIM varan janajAgaraNa ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai / isa pariveza meM isa samAjavaijJAnika goSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM jaina darzana ke adhikArI vidvAnoM aura samAja vijJAna ke vizeSajJoM ne nimnAMkita viSayoM tathA avadhAraNAoM para gaMbhIra vicAra ciMtana prastuta kiyA : 1. mAnava kI avaAraNA-sAmAnyatayA puruSArtha kI avadhAraNA IzvaravAda aura karmavAda ke vyApaka siddhAnta se kSINa ho jAtI hai, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anIzvaravAda meM mAnava sattA kI mahattA ko spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai jo puruSArtha kI ora prerita karatA hai / 2. zuci aura azuci kI avadhAraNA-bhAratIya samAja meM UMca-nIca aura achUta jaise varga bheda ko zuci aura azuci kI avadhAraNA se bala milatA hai| dUsarI ora yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki pavitra saMkula kI avadhAraNA se bhAratIya saMskRti kI vividhatA meM ekatA AI hai| zuci kI avadhAraNA ke anurUpa hI vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika AcaraNa banatA hai| kintu jainadharmI zuci-azuci kI avadhAraNA AcAra vyavasthA tathA zrama kI avadhAraNA para AdhArita hai na ki pavitra saMkula para aura svaccha tathA sugar3ha samAja ke nirmANa ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| 3. parivartana aura pragati kI avadhAraNA-IzvarIya sRSTi, karmavAda aura cakrIya parivartana kI avadhAraNAeM pratyakSa aura apratyakSa rUpa se pragati kI parikalpanA ko durbala banAtI haiN| isake viparIta anIzvaravAdI jainadharma meM
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________________ 18 ] kha -7 parivartana aura pragati ke lie jisa prakAra kA jIvana darzana pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, vaha tathA usake ahiMsA evaM aparigraha ke siddhAnta Arthika vikAsa aura vartamAna samAja kI AkAMkSAoM ko Upara uThAne meM pUrNatayA samartha haiN| 4. sahaastitva kI avadhAraNA-sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA vaicArika asahiSNatA ko ubhAratI hai| isa saMdarbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda tathA syAdvAda Adhunika samAjavAdI dharmanirapekSatA kI avadhAraNA ke anurUpa hai tathA vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika vicAroM ko svastha banAne meM prabhAvakArI rUpa meM sahAyaka hai| 5. jaina dharma : eka sAmAjika Andolana-jaina dharma kA vikAsa tatkAlIna samAja-vyavasthA ke virodha meM eka sazakta krAnti ke rUpa meM huA thA / Adhunika samAja kI samasyAoM-garIbI, jAtivAda, sampradAyavAda-ko hala karane meM bhI jaina dharma ke siddhAnta utane hI sahAyaka siddha ho sakate haiN| goSThI kA Ayojana 6 upavezanoM meM kiyA gayA jinakI adhyakSatA pro. surajIta siMha, kulapati, vizvabhAratI, zAnti niketana, pro0 rAjArAma zAstrI, siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra jaina, DA0 nathamala TATiyA, DA. darabArIlAla koThiyA evaM DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ne kii| masarI-di. 1 jUna 1975 ko zrI di0 jaina mahAvIra bhavana masUrI meM rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se "zAkAhAra" para eka vicAra goSThI Ayojita kI gii| goSThI kA udghATana karate hue mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka ne kahA ki zAkAhArI siddhAMta apane vyApaka pakSoM meM jIvana sthira rakhane kI zreSTha AhAra paddhati hai, kyoMki indriya aura mana kI svasthatA kA mUla AdhAra hI AhAra zuddhi hai| mAMsAhAra se manuSya kI komala bhAvanAeM naSTa ho jAtI haiM tathA manuSya kA mana krUratA, uttejanA evaM hiMsAtmaka vicAroM se bhara jAtA hai| zAkAhAra ke ahiMsA pakSa ko bhI yadi koI prazraya na deM to bhI hamAre deza kI jalavAyu meM dIrgha-jIvana ke lie zAkAhAra hI sarvottama AhAra paddhati hai| isa goSThI meM mukhya atithi va vaktA zrI akSaya kumAra jaina, pradhAna sampAdaka navabhArata TAimsa, DA. jayakizana prasAda khaMDelavAla, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya tathA paM0 zIlacandra mavAnA the, saMyojaka zrI narendra kumAra jaina deharAdUna the / masUrI ke lie yaha Ayojana abhUtapUrva thaa| di0 10 jUna ko zrI akSaya kumAra jaina kI adhyakSatA meM eka sarvadharma sammelana Ayojita kiyA gyaa| - lakhanaU--lakhanau meM "bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina vicAradhArA" viSaya para eka cAra divasIya saMgoSThI 26-29 akTUbara, 1975 ko bAla ravIndrAlaya meM rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se jilA mahAvIra nirvANa samiti dvArA sampanna huI / saMgoSThI kA udghATana karate hue ucca zikSA mantrI mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka ne kahA ki samagra dRSTi se dekhane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina vicAradhArA bhAratIya saMskRti kI sazakta dhArA rahI hai aura isakA prabhAva nyUnAdhika jana-jIvana ke sabhI kSetroM para vyApaka rUpa se par3A hai| sAhitya aura kalA ke mAdhyama se hameM jainoM kI sRjanAtmaka pratibhA kA prabhUta paricaya milatA hai| Aja bhI yadyapi jaina dharma ke anuyAyI alpa saMkhyA meM haiM, zikSA, kalA, vidyA aura vyApAra ke kSetra meM ve apanA viziSTa evaM mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| ___ saMgoSThI ke prathama satra kA vivecya viSaya thA "bhAratIya sAhitya aura jaina sAhityakAra" / DA. kesarI nArAyaNa zuklA ne apane adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM batAyA ki bhAratIya saMskRti samudra saMgama hai jisameM bhAratIya samAja kI vividha dhArAeM apane vicAroM ko yugoM-yugoM se usameM apita karatI rahI haiN| jaina sAhitya abhinandanIya hai kyoMki jaina graMthakAroM ne bhAratIya jJAna ke vividha aMgoM tathA vividha bhASAoM ko samRddha kiyaa| isa satra meM prAkRta evaM apabhraMza sAhitya para DA. motI lAla rastogI ne, saMskRta sAhitya para DA. jagadambA prasAda sinhA ne, hindI sAhitya para DA0 (zrImatI) saralA zuklA ne, dakSiNa bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAhitya para zrI ramAkAMta jaina ne tathA marAThI sAhitya para zrI kAzInAtha gopAla gore ne gambhIra adhyayana prastuta kiye| dvitIya satra kA vivecya viSaya
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________________ [ 19 thA - " bhAratIya kalA ke vikAsa meM jainoM kA yogadAna" / isa satra kI adhyakSatA karate hue DA0 baijanAtha purI ne kahA ki jaina kalA kRtiyAM kevala jainadharma se sambandhita nahIM haiM, varan ve hamArI sAMskRtika thAtI kA avibhAjya aMga haiM aura rASTrIya ekAtmaka bhAvanA kI pratIka haiN| isa saba meM DA0 rAmakumAra dIkSita ne jinendra pratimA ke vikAsa kA, DA0 nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI ne jaina kalA ke vividha AyAmoM kA DA0 puru dAdhIca ne jaina sAhitya meM bhAratIya saMgIta kA aura DA0 zazikAMta ne jaina sthApatya kA mArmika vivecana prastuta kiyA / tRtIya satra kA vivecya viSaya yA "bhAratIya darzana para jaina cintana kA prabhAva" isa satra kI adhyakSatA karate hue DA0 ( ku0 ) kaMcanalatA sabbaravAla ne batAyA ki jaina darzana ne bhAratIya darzana ko gambhIra cintana manana evaM satya sambandhI sAdhanA ke AdhAra para kI gaI kaThina khoja ke phalasvarUpa syAdvAda kA siddhAMta diyA aura isa syAdvAda ke AdhAra ne satya jJAna kI preraNA lekara mAnava ko satkarma Atma vizvAsa ke sAtha karane kI kSamatA pradAna kii| sAtha hI isa darzana ne jIva aura ajIva ke bIca niHsvArtha pAvana sambandha rakha kara hI jIvana kI sArthakatA ho sakatI hai, isa ora bhI saMketa kiyA / DA0 pradyumna kumAra jaina ne sAdhanA vidhi kI, DA0 ( ku0 ) rAdhA zarmA ne karma aura mokSa sambandhI sthApanAoM kI, DA0 vaziSTa nArAyaNa sinhA ne Adhunika pRSThabhUmi meM jaina darzana kI aura siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAza candra zAstrI ne jaina darzana kI pRSThabhUmi ke mUlAdhAra anekAnta aura syAdvAda kI sahaja subodha vyAkhyA kI caturtha sana kA vivecya viSaya thA- "bhAratIya loka saMskRti kA jaina pakSa" / satra kI adhyakSatA karate hue DA0 janArdana datta zukla, AI0 sI0 esa0 (riTAyarDa), ne batAyA ki samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa ko samAja meM lAne kA zreya mukhyatayA jaina cintana paddhati ke bhAratIya jana-jIvana para vyApaka prabhAva ko hai / bhAratIya jIvana meM nirAmiSa bhojana para Agraha evaM dAnazIlatA jainoM kI ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke siddhAntoM kA pariNAma hai| pro0 udayacanda jaina ne pUjA evaM saMskAra vidhi para, zrI jJAnacanda jaina ne parva aura tyohAroM para, zrImatI manjarI jaina ne nArI kI maryAdA para, DA0 pUrNacanda jaina ne AhAra meM zAkAhAra kI upayogitA para aura DA0 zivanandana mizra ne jaina AcAravicAra para jJAnavarddhaka prakAza DAlA / kha- -7 saMgoSThI kA samApana karate hue DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina ne adhyayana ke lie vaha abhISTa hai ki jaina sAhitya aura kalA kI, use jaina saMskRti jahAM apanA svatantra vyaktitva rakhatI hai, vahIM para vaha hone se bhI gauravAnvita hU~ / Agraha kiyA ki bhAratIya saMskRti ke samyak sAmpradAyika saMjJA dekara upekSA na kI jAya / akhila bhAratIya saMskRti kA avibhAjya aMga isa saMgoSThI ke saphala Ayojana ke lie saMgoSThI ke saMyojaka DA0 zazikAMta jaina evaM unake sahayogiyoM kA athaka parizrama stutya hai / najIbAbAda rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se najIbAbAda meM tIrthaMkara naitika zikSA patrAcAra insTITyUTa ke tatvAvadhAna meM hindI saMta sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA yogadAna viSaya para AcArya hajArI prasAda dvivedI kI adhyakSatA meM di0 21 23 akTUbara 1975 ko eka vidivasIya semInAra Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isakA saMyojana DA0 premacandra jaina ne kiyaa| isa parisaMvAda goSThI meM DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne "rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta kavi", zrI narmadezvara caturvedI ne "saMta sAhitya meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna", DA0 kundana lAla jaina ne "hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaina saMta kaviyoM kA sthAna", DA0 bhAgacanda jaina ne 'hindI saMtasAhitya meM yogIndu kA yogadAna', DA0 puSpArjana ne 'himdI saMta sAhitya aura dyAnatarAya ku0 pUrNimA ne 'hindI sAhitya aura jaina sAhityakAroM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana' aura DA0 rAmasvarUpa Arya ne "jaina saMta kaviyoM kA kAvya pakSa" viSaya para apane zodha nibandha par3heM tathA una para carcAeM kiiN| DA0 vijayendra snAtaka ne goSThI kA samApana kiyA /
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________________ 20 28 - bijanaura meM kIrti stambha kA nirmANa rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se bijanaura nagara meM kalekTarI ke praveza dvAra ke samIpa eka saMgamaramara ke kIrti stambha kA nirmANa karAyA gayA hai jisa para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMkSepa meM jIvana paricaya evaM zikSAe~ aMkita kI gaI haiM / 19 - rASTrIya kArbeTa pArka, DhikAlA meM ahiMsA-stambha kA nirmANa kha - 7 najIbAbAda, jilA vijanora kSetra kI zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti ke sujhAva para rASTrIya kArbeTa pArka DhikAlA ke praveza dvAra dhanagar3hI para eka ahiMsA-stambha ke nirmANa tathA pradarzana kakSa ke nirmANa kI yojanA taiyAra kI gaI hai jisa para eka lAkha rupaye kI lAgata kA anumAna hai| yaha vanya jantu udyAna eziyA mahAdvIpa kA sabase bar3A vanya jantu pArka hai tathA isa vizAla kSetra meM vibhinna svabhAva ke hiMsaka evaM ahiMsaka vanya jantu svataMtra rUpa se vicaraNa karate haiM tathA isameM zikAra khelanA sadaiva ke lie varjita hai / himAlaya kI tarAI meM sthita yaha vizAla udyAna apanI ramaNIyatA ke kAraNa paryaTakoM ko vizeSa rUpa se AkarSita karatA hai aura prativarSa sahastroM kI saMkhyA meM dezI aura videzI paryaTaka isakA paribhramaNa karane ke lie Ate haiM, jisake lie zAsana kI ora se paryApta suvidhA yahA~ upalabdha hai / yahA~ para samaya-samaya para calacitroM kI zUTiMga bhI hotI rahatI hai / zAsana ke vana vibhAga ne isa yojanA kA svAgata kiyA hai tathA niHzulka bhUmi upalabdha karAne kA AzvAsana diyA hai / isa yojanA ke kAryAnvayana ke lie zrI0 ke0 sI0 jaina, mukhya araNyapAla, u0 pra0 kI adhyakSatA meM eka rASTrIya kArbeTa pArka ahiMsA stambha nirmANa samiti kA gaThana kara diyA gayA hai jisane kArya karanA Arambha kara diyA hai| rAjya samiti se bhI isa yojanA ke lie lagabhaga pacAsa hajAra ru0 kA anudAna apekSita hai / 20 - nibandha pratiyogitA rAjya samiti kI eka yojanA pradeza ke vibhinna uccatara mAdhyamika vidyAlayoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM nimnalikhita viSayoM para nibandha pratiyogitA Ayojita karane kI thI-- 1 - jaina dharma kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM yogadAna 2 - vizva kI samasyAoM kA nidAna -- ahiMsA 13 -- zAkAhAra pratiyogitA meM sammilita kiye jAne vAle nibandhoM ke zabdoM kI saMkhyA sAmAntayA 1000 rakhI gayI thI tathA pratyeka jile kI jilA samiti ko yaha nideza diye gaye the ki ve pratyeka vidyAlaya meM apane yahA~ ke nibandhoM kA mUlyAMkana karake pratyeka viSaya ke do sarvazreSTha nibandha jilA samiti ko bhejeNge| jilA samiti vibhinna vidyAlayoM se prApta nibandhoM kA mUlyAMkana karake pratyeka viSaya ke 2 nibandhoM ko puraskAra degI aura taduparAnta ina nibandhoM ko rAjya samiti ko bheja degii| rAjya samiti kI kAryakAraNI upasamiti dvArA pradeza bhara ke prathama 3 nibandhoM para prathama, dvitIya tathA tRtIya puraskAra jo kramazaH 500/-, 250 /- va 125/- rupaye dene kA nirNaya liyA gayA hai / yaha puraskAra nakada tathA pustakoM ke rUpa meM diyA jAyegA / isa yojanA ke antargata 22 jiloM se 113 nibandha prApta hue haiM / 21 - sArvajanika pustakAlayoM ko jaina sAhitya ko bheMTa rAjya samiti kI eka yojanA pradeza ke prasiddha sArvajanika pustakAlayoM meM se pratyeka ko lagabhaga 1,000 ru0 mUlya kA jaina sAhitya bheMTa karane kI hai, jisase ki una pustakAlayoM meM eka jaina kakSa kA prArambha kiyA jA sake / kAryakAraNI upasamiti kI baiThaka dinAMka 19 agasta 1974 meM bheMTa meM diye jAne vAle graMthoM kI sUcI taiyAra karanekA kArya zrIcanda surAnA, AgarA, khuzAla candra gorevAlA, vArANasI, paM0 kailAza canda zAstrI, vArANasI tathA
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________________ / 21 DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, lakhanaU ko saupA gayA hai| DA. jyoti prasAda jaina ne pUstako kI sUcI anya sadasyoM ke parAmarza se taiyAra kara lI hai / 25 pustakAlayoM kA bhI cayana kara liyA gayA hai tathA unheM sAhitya bheMTa meM bhejA jA rahA hai| 22-lakhanaU meM rAjya stara para mahAvIra udyAna evaM smAraka kA nirmANa bhArata sarakAra ne dehalI meM kendrIya stara ke eka mahAvIra udyAna evaM pArka ke nirmANa ke lie 25 ekar3a bhUmi tathA 50 lAkha rupaye kA anudAna diyA hai| rAjya samiti ne bhI lakhanaU meM eka rAjya stara ke mahAvIra udyAna evaM smAraka ke nirmANa kI saMstuti kI hai| bhUmi kA cayana kara liyA gayA hai tathA rAjya sarakAra se usake hastAntaraNa ke lie likhA-par3hI cala rahI hai| 23-bhagavAna mahAvIra smRtigraMtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava varSa kI pAvana smRti meM rAjya samiti ne nimnalikhita prakAzanoM ke Ayojana kA nizcaya kiyA thA : 1. jaina saMskRti kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM yogadAna 2. zAkAhAra ke siddhAMta evaM unake saMbaMdha meM vizva sAhitya kA digdarzana 3. uttara pradeza ke jaina sAMskRtika evaM kalA kendra 4. varSa kI samApti para eka smArikA kA prakAzana bAda meM yaha socA gayA ki uparokta viSayoM para pRthaka-pRthaka pustakeM prakAzita karane ke bajAya eka sthAyI mahatva ke bahada "bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti graMtha" kA prakAzana karanA adhika samIcIna hogA aura usameM uparokta sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza kara diyA jaay| isa graMtha ke saMpAdana kA guru bhAra rAjya samiti ke sadasya evaM jaina sAhitya tathA saMskRti ke labdhapratiSThita vidvAna vidyAvAridhi DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina lakhanaU ko sauMpA gayA / DAkTara sAhiba aneka suprasiddha graMthoM ke racayitA haiM tathA zodha patrikAoM ke sampAdaka haiN| unakI sahAyatA ke lie vArANasI ke siddhAMtAcArya paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, DA. mohanalAla mehatA, zrI zarada kumAra 'sAdhaka' tathA zrI javAhara lAla, lor3hA AgarA kA eka sampAdaka maMDala bhI gaThita kara diyA gayA thaa| isa graMtha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sUktiyAM evaM upadeza, unakI stuti meM racita prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza va hindI ke stotra evaM stavana, unakA jIvana paricaya, unakI upalabdhiyAM evaM dharma vyavasthA, jaina darzana, sAhitya evaM saMskRti, zAkAhAra kI sAMskRtika evaM vaijJAnika vivecanA, uttara pradeza meM jaina dharma ke udaya evaM vikAsa, sAMskRtika kendra, purAtatva-kalA vaibhava tathA sAhitya evaM samAja para pracura upayogI sAmagrI kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai tathA rAjya samiti ke kAryoM evaM upalabdhiyoM kA bhI saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jisa athaka parizrama evaM ruci se isa graMtha kI saMracanA kI gaI hai usake lie rAjya samiti DAkTara sAhiba evaM unake sahayogiyoM kI AbhArI hai| 24-rAjya samiti kI jitanA kucha kArya isa pAvana varSa meM karane kI yojanA evaM AkAMkSA thI usakA eka laghu aMza hI hama pUrA kara pAe haiM / kucha yojanAeM hameM dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa chor3anI par3a gaIM aura anya kucha meM santoSa janaka pragati nahIM ho paaii| dhImI pragati meM arthAbhAva ke atirikta hamArI svayaM kI akarmarNyatA bhI ekapramukha kAraNa hai| phira bhI hamArA yaha prayAsa hai ki jo yojanAeM prArambha ho gaI haiM unheM zIghrAtizIghra pUrA karA diyA jAya / anta meM maiM rAjya samiti ke kAryAdhyakSa mAnanIya DA0 rAmajIlAla sahAyaka, upAdhyakSa zrI lakSmIramaNa AcArya tathA saciva zrI zazibhUSaNa zaraNa kA hRdaya se AbhAra prakaTa karatA hUM jinake samucita evaM utsAhavarddhaka mArgadarzana se hI jo kucha bhI thor3A bahata kArya haA hai saMbhava ho skaa| maiM DA. zazikAnta kA bhI kRtajJa haiM jinhoMne merI asvasthatA ke daurAna samiti ke kAryoM meM merA hAtha baTAyA tathA apanA pUrA sahayoga sabhI kAryoM meM diyaa| -ajita prasAda jaina, upasaciva
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________________ 22 ] pariziSTa ka AkAzavANI ke lakhanaU kendra se Ayojita karAye gaye vizeSa kAryakrama ( 1 ) English Talks Programme 'Mahavir, the Father of Ahimsa' series 1. The Life and Teacltings of Lord Mahavira -by Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain, M. A., LL.B, Ph. D. broadcast on 21. 11. 1974 and 20. 4. 1975 2. The Jain Holy Places of Uttar Pradesh -by Dr. Satish Chandra Awasthi, M. A., Ph. D. --broadcast on 2. 2. 1975 3. The Jain Literature in Hindi by Dr. (Miss) Usha Mathur, M. A., Ph. D. ---broadcast on 11. 5. 1975 4. The Impact of Mahavir on Indian Culture -by Dr. J. D. Shukla, D. Phil., I. C. S. (retd.) --broadcast on 7. 9. 1975 5. Non-violence in Action -by Dr. Shashi Kant, M. A., D. R., Ph. D. -- broadcast on Oct. 5, 1975 (2) nATaka kAryakrama uttara pradeza meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra - lekhaka DA0 zazikAnta, prastutakartA zrI prakAza jozI - 16-4-1975 ko prasArita 21-9-1975 ko punaH prasArita (2) uttarAyaNa kAryakrama patAMcala meM jaina saMskRti aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra - zrI ramAkAnta jaina, bI0 e0, sAhityaratna, tamila kovida - vArtA 23-7-1975 ko prasArita (3) lokAyatana kAryakrama jaina dharma kI sArvabhaumikatA - zrI ajita prasAda jaina, upasaciva, zrI mahAvIra nirmANa samiti, uttara pradeza __bArtA 19-4-1975 ko prasArita (4) majadUra maNDala kAryakrama zrI ajita prasAda jaina kI vArtAyeM 1 - vardhamAna mahAvIra 12 navambara 1974 ko prasArita 2 - jaina dharma kA mUla tatva - kartavya pAlana - 11 sitambara, 1975 ko prasArita - kha-7
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________________ [ 23 ru0 pariziSTa-kha ma. mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke upalakSa meM vibhinna jiloM meM kiye jA rahe nirmANa kAryoM kI anumAnita lAgata tathA ukta kAryoM para vyaya kI gaI athavA unake nimitta ekatra kI gaI dhanarAzi kI vivaraNa tAlikA:jilA kula anumAnita nirmANa kAryoM para vyaya kI gaI vyaya athavA unake nimitta ekatra kI gaI dhana rAzi ru0 1. deharAdUna 10,16000 4,10,000 2. alIgar3ha 3,75,000 1,60,000 3. rAmapura 60,000 30,000 4. ka-bijanaura 8,000 kha-koTadvAra 30,000 10,000 5. rAyabarelI 2,00,000 51,000 6. sahAranapura 5,00,000 (haridvAra) kula vyaya rAjakRzna TrasTa dvArA kiyA jAyagA 7. barelI 2,00,000 50,000 bhUmi zAsana dvArA upalabdha karAdI gaI hai 8. bulandazahara 2,00,000 10,000 9. goMDA 50,000 50,000 10. ka-AgarA 2,00,000 kha-phirojAbAda 12,00,000 kula vyaya seTha chadAmI lAla dvArA 12,00,000 11. meraTha 14,00,000 12. nainItAla 1,00,000 30,000 13. lakhanaU 7,50,000 2,50,000 14. kAnapura 5,00,000 15. devariyA 2,00,000 16. sItApura 50,000 10,000 17. bArAbaMkI 2,00,000 50,000 yoga 72,39,000 41,65,000 pariziSTa-ga kendrIya sarakAra dvArA gaThita rASTrIya mahAsamiti kI saMstuti para kendrIya sarakAra dvArA anumodita kAryakramoM kI sUcIH (lAkha rupayoM meM) 1. dakSiNa dehalI meM vanasthalI kA vikAsa tathA usameM bhagavAna mahAvIra smAraka kA nirmANa ru.10.00 13,50,000
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________________ 24 ] 2. jaina kalA evaM citroM ke eka saMgrahAlaya, jaina sAhitya ke eka pustakAlaya tathA jainAlAjI ke adhyayana ke lie gaThita rASTrIya pariSada ke kAryAlaya kI sthApanA ru0 5.00 3. bhagavAna mahAvIra bAla kendra (pratyeka rAjya meM eka) ru0 10.00 4. dehAtI pustakAlaya kendroM kI sthApanA (pratyeka rAjya meM eka) 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma bhUmi vaizAlI meM eka smAraka kA nirmANa ru0 2.50 6. jainAlAjI ke adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna ke lie eka svAyattazAsI rASTrIya pariSada kI sthApanA ru. 10.00 7. prakAzana yojanA ru0 4.00 8. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM zikSAoM sambandhI prakAzana ru0 0.50 9. anya samAroha ru0 2.00 yoga ru. 50.00 pariziSTa-gha uttara pradeza ke vibhinna janapadoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 meM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM sampanna kacha ullekhanIya kAryakramoM kA vivaraNa prApta sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para; jina sthAnoM yA jiloM se koI sUcanAe~ prApta nahIM huI, unakA vivaraNa nahIM diyA jA sakAalmor3A adhyakSa--zrI suzIlacandra tripAThI, jilA adhikArI saciva-zrI jagadIza candra bhaTTa, jilA harijana tathA samAja kalyANa adhikArI isa janapada meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI nahIM haiM phira bhI jilA adhikArI zrI tripAThI evaM samiti ke sadasyoM ke vizeSa ruci lene ke kAraNa (i) 24 apraila 1975 ko rAmaje iNTara kAleja almor3A ke prAMgaNa meM adhyakSa nagarapAlikA kI adhyakSatA meM eka sArvajanika sabhA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM nagara ke gaNamAnya vyakti, rAjanaitika daloM ke netA gaNa, zikSA saMsthAoM ke AcAryoM evaM patrakAroM ne bhAga liyaa| vidvAna vaktAoM ne bha. mahAvIra svAmI dvArA pratipAdita jaina dharma tathA bhAratIya saMskRti va jana mAnasa para unake prabhAva para prakAza ddaalaa| (ii) sthAnIya zikSA saMsthAoM ke sahayoga se "jaina dharma kA bhAratIya saMskRti meM yogadAna" "vizva kI samasyAoM kA nidAna ahiMsA meM haiM", "bhAratIya saMskRti para jainadharma kA prabhAva" Adi viSayoM para nibandha pratiyogitAeM Ayojita kI gii| (iii) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmadivasa evaM nirvANadivasa ko jile ke sabhI bUcar3akhAne va zarAba kI dukAneM banda rakhI giiN| alIgar3ha saMrakSaka--zrI ke. kizora, Ayukta, AgarA maMDala adhyakSa--zrI nareza candra saksenA, jilA adhikArI mahAmantrI-zrI esa. ke. zarmA, ati. jilA adhikArI, alIgar3ha
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________________ kha -7 [ 25 zobhAyAtrAe~, sArvajanika sabhAe~, sAMskRtika kAryakrama evaM vidyAlayoM meM nibandha pratiyogitAoM ke atirikta nimnalikhita kAryakrama sampanna hae yA sampanna karAye jA rahe haiM:-- (1) alIgar3ha nagara meM upAdhyAya muni zrI vidyAnanda svAdhyAya bhavana kA ru01,25,000/- kI lAgata se nirmANa / (2) alIgar3ha nagara ke mukhya mArgoM para zilAlekhoM tathA boMDasa kA lagAnA / (3) sAsanI meM mahAkavi daulatarAma kakSa kA nirmANa / isake lie ru. 5,500/- kA jaina sAhitya kraya kiyA gayA hai| (4) sAsanI meM ru0 50,000/- kI lAgata se mahAvIra dharmazAlA kA nirmANa (ru0 35000/- ekatra ho cukA hai ) (5) hAtharasa meM ru. 70,000/- kI lAgata se mahAvIra pustakAlaya kA nirmANa / (6) hAtharasa meM pazu cikitsAlaya kA nirmANa / (7) sikaMdarArAU meM mahAvIra pArka kA nirmANa / (8) sAhitya kA prakAzana (i) varddhamAna prabhu mahAvIra (ii) tIrthakara mahAvIra-jIvana aura siddhAnta (hiMdI evaM aMgrejI meM) / padma zataka (kAvya), sUkti tathA bha0 mahAvIra smArikA prakAzanAdhIna haiN| (9) 19-24 pharavarI 1975 ko jinendra paMca kalyANaka mahotsava alIgar3ha meM bar3e bhavya rUpa meM manAyA gyaa| 15-25 julAI 1975 ko zrI siddha cakra vidhAna evaM bha. mahAvIra dezanA samAroha sAsanI meM manAyA gayA jisakA udghATana rAjya samiti ke upAdhyakSa zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya ne kiyaa| ___ lagabhaga 16 jaina zikSA evaM dharmArtha saMsthAeM pahile se hI isa janapada meM sArvajanika sevA ke kArya meM rata haiM / AgarA adhyakSa:-zrI jagata narAyana pradhAna, jilA adhikArI (1) bha0 mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa, dIkSA divasa, mahAvIra jayantI, kevalajJAna tathA dezanA divasa ke kAryakrama lagabhaga ru. 60,000/- ke vyaya se bar3e bhavya rUpa meM manAye gye| (2) 27 janavarI se 5 pharavarI 1975 taka lagabhaga ru0 80,000/- ke vyaya se AgarA meM paMca kalyANaka mahotsava kA bhavya Ayojana kiyA gayA / (3) 15 mArca 1975 tathA 10 jUna 1975 ko dharmacakra ke Agamana, zobhAyAtrAoM evaM sabhAoM kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| (4) zAhagaMja AgarA meM zrI di0 jaina caityAlaya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA / (5) mahAvIra jayantI para "samaNa suttaM" grantha kA vimocana kiyA gayA / (6) mahAvIra jayantI para 'zrI mahAvIra di0 jena homyopaithika" auSadhAlaya kI sthApanA kI gii| karyAdhIna yojanAeM-(i) mahAvIra udyAna, pustakAlaya, vAcanAlaya, zikSAlaya, pakSI aspatAla evaM kIrti stambha kA nirmANa / (isa yojanA ke kAryAnvayana ke lie eka bha0 mahAvIra smAraka samiti, AgarA kA gaThana kara diyA gayA hai / bhUmi ke lie zAsana se prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai)
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________________ 26 ] (ii) aitihAsika imAratoM ke samIpa mahAvIra vANI ke zilAlekha lagavAnA (isa saMbandha meM bhAratIya purAtatva evaM sarvekSaNa vibhAga se likhA par3hI cala rahI hai|) phirojAbAda (1) seTha chadAmIlAla jaina TraSTa dvArA bhagavAna bAhubali svAmI kI 45 phITa U~cI 130 Tana vajana kI bhavya mUrti, jisakA nirmANa kArakala meM karAyA gayA hai, kI sthApanA bhagavAna mahAvIra jinAlaya phirojAbAda meM kI gii| (2) "jaina saMgaThana" phirojAbAda dvArA eka 'barI-pApar3a yojanA prArambha kI gaI hai jisake dvArA anAtha baccoM va sAdhanahIna vidhavAoM kI jIvikopArjana kI vyavasthA kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| (3) "jaina saMgaThana" dvArA eka jaina DAirekTarI prakAzita kI jA rahI haiN| nagara meM lagabhaga eka darjana zikSA tathA anya dharmArtha jaina saMsthAeM pahale se hI vidyamAna haiN| iTAvA adhyakSa premacanda jaina (1) 11 navambara 1975 ko jilA adhikArI mahodaya ke sabhApatitva meM eka vizAla janasabhA ke Ayojana se nirvANa mahotsava varSa ke kAryakramoM kA zubhArambha kiyA gyaa| pratyeka tahasIla stara para nirvANa samAroha samitiyoM kA gaThana kiyA gayA / 14 navambara ko janapada ke vidyAlayoM meM pratiyogitAoM kA Ayojana kiyA gayA tathA jaina vidvAnoM ne vidyAlayoM meM jAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlate hue zAkAhArI banane ke lAbhoM se chAtroM ko avagata kraayaa| bhagavAna ke janma, dIkSA, dezanA evaM nirvANa divasoM ko bar3e ullAsa pUrvaka manAyA gayA / (2) disambara 1975 meM iTAvA meM huI pradarzanI meM ma0 mahAvIra ke divya upadezoM kA pracAra kiyA gayA, jaina kavi sammelana tathA bhASaNa pratiyogitA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| vijetAoM ko jilAdhIza mahodaya ne puraskAra vitarita kiye| (3) iTAvA nagara ke nikaTa prAcIna jaina tapobhUmi niziyAM jI, jahAM kucha samaya pUrva khudAI meM tIna jaina stUpa, samvat 1050 kA zilAlekha tathA eka atiprAcIna bha0 pArzvanAtha kI pratiyAM prApta huI thI, ko eka ramya vanasthalI ke rUpa meM vikasita kiyA jA rahA hai| eTA (1) jilA adhikArI zrI akhaMDa pratApasiMha kI adhyakSatA meM avAgar3ha meM paMca kalyANaka mahotsava kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para jilA prazAsana ke dvArA eka kRSi-audyogika pradarzanI bhI lagAI gii| (2) pAkSika patna "karuNAdIpa" ke mAdhyama se ahiMsA kA pracAra kiyA gayA tathA lagabhaga 30,000 vyaktiyoM se carma vastuoM ke tyAga ke pratijJA patra bharavAye gaye / (3) eTA meM eka dAtavya auSadhAlaya kI sthApanA kA nizcaya kiyA gyaa| mainapurI jauharInagara meM isI upalakSa meM lA0 zyAmalAla jiyAlAla jaina ne eka kIrtistambha nirmANa karAyA hai|
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________________ kha -7 [ 27 bArAbaMkI saMrakSaka-zrI Ara. esa. ToliyA, jilA adhikArI adhyakSa ravIndranAtha varmA, ati. jilA adhikArI (1) bArAbaMkI va gaNezapura meM mahAvIra jaina vidyAlayoM kI sthApanA kI gii| Tikaitanagara va dariyAbAda meM sthApita vidyAlayoM ko dasavIM kakSA taka bar3hAkara mAnyatA prApta kI gii| (2) bArAbaMkI nagara meM relave sTezana se rAjakIya aspatAla taka mukhya mArga kA tathA phatehapura meM pramukha mArga kA nAmakaraNa 'bhagavAna mahAvIra mArga" kiyA gayA / (3) bArAbaMkI, ganezapura va Tikaitanagara meM dAtavya auSadhAlayoM kI sthApanA kI gii| (4) bArAbaMkI nagara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa smAraka bhavana kA ru. 10,000 kI lAgata se nirmANa karAyA gayA / (5) bhagavAna neminAtha svAmI ke atizaya tIrvakSetra trilokapura kI bindaurA se 8 ki. mI. lambI kaccI sar3aka rAjya sarakAra dvArA pakkI karAI jA rahI hai tathA usa mArga kA nAma "bhagavAna neminAtha mArga" rakhane kA nirNaya le liyA gayA hai| bijanaura adhyakSa-zrI azarapha alI khAM, jilA adhikArI (1) bijanaura meM saMgamaramara ke eka 18 phiTa U~ce kIrti-stambha kA kalakTarI ke dvAra para, rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se, nirmANa karAyA gyaa| (2) eka dAtavya homyopaithika cikitsAlaya kI sthApanA kI gii| meraTha adhyakSa-zrI bholAnAtha tivArI, Ai. e. esa., jilA adhikArI (1) hastinApura meM eka kItti stambha, eka jala mandira, jambUdvIpa kI vizAla racanA, bhagavAna bAhubali kI vizAla mati kI sthApanA, 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI ToMka va eka mahAvIra vATikA ke nirmANa kArya lagabhaga ru0 13,50,000 kI lAgata se prArambha kie ge| (2) meraTha meM sthApita vIra nirvANa bhAratI dvArA deza ke labdha pratiSThita 30 vidvAnoM ko puraskRta kiyA gayA tathA pratyeka vidvAna ko ru0 2500 kI dhanarAzi bheMTa kI gii| eka puraskAra kAryakrama meM bhArata ke uparASTrapati zrI bI0 DI0 jattI ne padhAra kara puraskAra pradAna kie| (3) meraTha nagara ke pramukha mArga relave roDa kA nAma tIrthaMkara mahAvIra mArga rakhA gyaa| (4) vibhinna sthAnoM para bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sUktiyoM ko prastara khaMDoM para aMkita kara ke lagAyA gyaa| (5) meraTha se dharmacakra kI yojanA kA sUtrapAta kiyA gayA tathA eka dharmacakra kA nirmANa karAyA gayA jisakA udghATana pradhAna maMtrI jI ne 1974 meM dillI meM kiyA / (6) apraila 1975 meM naucandI ke mele meM jaina citrakalA evaM mUrtikalA para mahAvIra vicAra vihAra nAmaka pradarzanI lagAI gii| pharavarI 1975 meM eka jaina mele kA bhI Ayojana kiyA gayA jo eka saptAha paryanta claa|
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________________ 28 ] (7) meraTha vizvavidyAlaya kI ora se meraTha meM eka prasAra vyAkhyAna mAlA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisake antargata DA. mahendra sAgara pracaMDiyA alIgar3ha tathA DA0 prema sAgara jaina bar3auta ke vyAkhyAna hue| (8) meraTha meM eka inTara kAlija bhASaNa pratiyogitA tathA eka nibandha pratiyogitA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| (9) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ke bAre meM 75000 laghu pustikAoM kA vitaraNa kiyA gayA / jile meM aneka zikSA evaM dharmArtha jaina saMsthAeM kAryarata haiN| mujaphpharanagara adhyakSa zrI yogendra narAyaNa, jilA adhikArI zrI yatIndra kumAra jaina suputra sva0 lA0 balabIracandra ne jilA samiti ke mAdhyama se 2400 gaja bhUmi ke plATa harijanoM meM niHzulka vitaraNa karane kA nizcaya kiyA hai| jilA samiti ne nizcaya kiyA hai ki isa bastI kA nAma "varddhamAnapuram" rakhA jAya tathA ina plAToM kA vitaraNa mAnanIya mukhya maMtrI jI ke kara kamaloM dvArA unake isa janapada meM Agamana para karAyA jAya / jilA samiti kI nimnalikhita pramukha yojanAeM haiM jina para kArya prArambha kara diyA gayA hai para abhI pUrA nahIM huA hai (1) bha0 mahAvIra ke saMdezoM ko prastara paToM para utkIrNa karA kara janapada ke mukhya sthAnoM para lagavAnA / (2) pakSiyoM kI cikitsA ke lie eka pakSInilaya kI sthApanA / (3) rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya ke pAsa cauMka kA "mahAvIra cauMka" nAmakaraNa karake eka phavvAre kA nirmANa / (4) mujaphpharanagara, zAmalI tathA khataulI meM kIrtI stambhoM kA nirmANa / isa janapada ke vibhinna kasboM meM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI acchI saMkhyA hai| sabhI sthAnoM meM nirvANa mahotsava varSa meM sArvajanika kAryakrama kie gae tathA vidyAlayoM meM lekha pratiyogitAeM karAI gii| kAnapura saMrakSaka-zrI sarasvatI prakAza vAtala, jilA adhikArI adhyakSa zrI avinAza candra jaina, Ayakara Ayukta, zrI ummeda canda osavAla, jilA jaja (1) di. 15 apraila 1974 ko "vibhinna dharmoM meM ahiMsA" sammelana Ayojita kiyA gayA jisakA udghATana mAnanIya zrI narAyaNa datta tivArI vitta maMtrI, uttara pradeza, ne kiyaa| vibhinna dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ke isa avasara para pravacana hue| upAdhyAya zrI amara muni tathA muni zrI rUpa canda kI amratavANI kA lAbha bhI isa avasara para prApta huaa| (2) varSa 1974 kI "mahAvIra DAyarI" kA prakAzana karAyA gayA jisake pratyeka pRSTha para mahApuruSoM ke sadupadeza aMkita kie gae the| (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra kI puNya tithiyoM para grAmINa kSetroM meM mahAvIra saMdeza sarala bhASA meM vitarita kie ge| (4) kAnapura nagara ke pramukha sthAnoM tathA caurAhoM para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ke horDiMgsa lagAe ge|
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________________ [ 29 (5) nirvANa mahotsava jilA mahilA samiti ne nArAyaNI devI dharmazAlA pareDa meM do saptAha taka netra zivira kA Ayojana kiyA jisameM saikar3oM netra rogiyoM kI zalya cikitsA kI gaI tathA unheM bhojana va auSadhiyAM niH zulka vitarita kI gii| (6) nirvANa mahotsava jilA samiti dvArA mahotsava ke avasara para eka sAMskRtika nATaka kA bhI Ayojana kiyA gayA jisakA udghATana jilA adhikArI zrI vAtala dvArA kiyA gyaa| (7) 13 navambara 1974 ko prAtaH kAla nAnArAva pArka, kAnanura meM sArvajanika nirvANa lADU kA Ayojana kiyA gayA tathA rAtri meM "mahAvIra siddhAnta sammelana" kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM pradeza ke bhUta pUrva mukhya maMtrI zrI candra bhAnu gupta, rAjya samiti ke upAdhyakSa zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya tathA paM0 kailAzacanda jaina siddhAntAcArya vArANasI ne bhAga liyaa| (8) 15 navambara 1974 kI rAnI meM nAnArAva pArka meM eka akhila bhAratIya kavi sammelana kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| (9) 13 navambara 1974 ko sArvajanika pustakAlaya phUlabAga meM mahAvIra jaina pustakAlaya kakSa kI sthApanA kI gii| (10)23 apraila 1975 ko jaina klaba kAnapura ke tatvAvadhAna meM vizva kI samasyAoM kA nidAna ahiMsA meM hai, viSaya para antara-mahAvidyAlaya vAda-vivAda pratiyogitA Ayojita kI gii| (11) dIpAvalI 1974 tathA mahAvIra jayantI 1975 ke avasara para bhavya rathayAtrAoM ke Ayojana kiye gye| (12) mahAvIra jayantI 1975 ke avasara para eka jaina mele tathA adhyAtma sammelana kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| adhyAtma sammelana kA udghATana prasiddha manISI evaM vicAraka kAkA kAlelakara dvArA tathA adhyakSatA rAjya samiti ke saciva evaM zikSA saciva zrI zazi bhUSaNa zaraNa dvArA kI gaI tathA DA0 gokula canda jaina, hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI, dvArA udbodhana huaa| gorakhapura adhyakSa zrI pharahata alI, jilA adhikArI mantrI zrI rAma svarUpa saksenA, siTI maijisTreTa dIpAvalI evaM mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para zobhA yAtrAe~ nikAlI gaI tathA mandiroM meM sAmahika prArthanAoM evaM dharma pravacana kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para eka ahiMsA mele kA tathA madya niSedha pradarzanI kA bhI Ayojana kiyA gyaa| deharAdUna adhyakSa-zrI gaMgA rAya, jilA adhikArI (1) zrI di0 jaina mandira (saranImala hAusa) kA jIrNoddhAra evaM vistAra ru0 30,000/- kI lAgata para kiyA gyaa| (2) zrI jaina dharmazAlA ke prAMgaNa meM zrI di0 jaina atithi bhavana kA nirmANa ru0 80,000/- kI lAgata para kiyA gyaa|
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________________ 30 ] (3) zrI varNI jaina vidyAlaya ke bhavana kA AMzika nirmANa ru0 40,000/- kI lAgata se kiyA gyaa| (4) masUrI meM zrI di0 jaina mahAvIra bhavana kA nirmANa kiyA gayA tathA usake antargata eka vAcanAlaya kI sthApanA kI gii| (5) di0 17 navambara 1974 ko deharAdUna nagara meM eka sarva dharma sammelana Ayojita kiyA gayA / (6) di0 1 jUna 1975 ko rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se masUrI meM mAnanIya DA0 rAmajI lAla sahAyaka ucca zikSA mantrI, uttara pradeza kI adhyakSatA meM eka zAkAhAra goSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| " baharAica adhyakSa - zrI ravi mohana seThI, jilA adhikArI (1) eka dAtavya homyopaithika cikitsAlaya kI sthApanA kI gaI jisameM 125 rogI pratidina lAbha uThA rahe haiN| (2) garIboM ko 100 kambala vitarita kie gae / (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zikSA paTTa janapada meM sthAna-sthAna para lagavAe ge| (4) 24- 29 disambara 1974 ko zrAvastI meM bha0 saMbhavanAtha kI janma jayantI manAI gaI / (5) 19 julAI 1974 ko zrAvastI meM tathA 20 julAI zobhAyAtrAe~ nikAlI gaIM / mirjApura adhyakSa - zrI ravi mAthura, Ai. e. esa., jilA adhikArI nimnalikhita saMsthAoM kI sthApanA kI gaI adhyakSa - zrI karnaila siMha, jilA adhikArI (1) 24 apraila 1975 ko hiDAlakoM reNukUTa meM mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para eka vizAla janasabhA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisakI adhyakSatA antarrASTrIya mAnava kalyANa saMsthAna ke adhyakSa DA0 satyendra nAtha ne kii| samAroha meM bolate hue hiMDAlako ke adhyakSa zrI esa0 esa0 koThArI ne kahA ki zAnti evaM sadbhAva kI sthApanA ke lie bha0 mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko amala meM lAyA jAnA hI unakI vAstavika upayogitA evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati sahI zraddhAbhivyakti hai / DA0 satyendra nAtha ne apane adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM batAyA ki ahiMsA kevala jIvoM ko na mArane taka sImita nahIM hai balki jIvana kI samasta kriyA pratikriyA meM usakA sthAna hai| isIlie mahAvIra ne AcaraNa, vicAra aura cintana meM ahiMsA ko anivArya mAnA hai| vartamAna azAnti evaM ahiMsA pUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM bha0 mahAvIra kI zikSAe~ hamArA mArga-darzana karatI haiN| lalitapura kha 7 diyA gayA / (1) zrI varNI vANijya mahAvidyAlaya- isakI sthApanA ke lie samAja dvArA ru0 1,20,000 kA dAna 1975 ko baharAica meM dharmacakra kI bhavya (2) zrI mahAvIra bAla vidyAmandira- isameM tIna varSa se pAMca varSa taka ke chAtroM ko praveza diyA jAtA hai| dhArmika zikSA anivArya hai| dAna diyaa| (3) zrI mahAvIra vAcanAlaya (4) zrI mahAvIra netra cikitsAlaya samAja ne isakI sthApanA ke lie ru0 10,000 tathA bhavana kA
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________________ kha -7 [ 31 (5) zrI kaMcana bAI chAtrAvAsa-isakI sthApanA sva0 zrImatI kaMcanabAI dvArA apane dravya se kI gii| (6) zrI mahAvIra pyAU-yaha ru. 11,000 ke vyaya se lalitapura nagara ke madhya meM sthApita kI gaI hai| uparokta nava sthApita saMsthAoM ke atirikta samAja dvArA zrI varNI jaina iMTara kAlija tathA zrI kAnti sAgara di0 jaina kanyA pAThazAlA pahile se hI calAye jA rahe haiN| (7) devagar3ha kSetra para dharmazAlA meM eka atyanta kalApUrNa mAnastambha kA nirmANa kiyA tathA dharmazAlA meM tIna navIna kamaroM kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| vArANasI saMrakSaka-zrI vinoda prakAza sAhanI, jilA adhikArI adhyakSa-paM0 jagannAtha upAdhyAya, pAlI vibhAgAdhyakSa, saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya (i) mahAvIra jayantI 1975 ke avasara para sarva sevAsaMgha vArANasI dvArA 'samaNa sutta' grantha kA prakAzana kiyA gyaa| (ii) nirvANa samAroha ke silasile meM Ayojita pahilI paricarcA muni zrI buddhamala jI ke sAnnidhya meM huI jisameM mukhya atithi jilA adhikArI zrI sAhanI the / muni zrI mahendra kumAra jI, paM. kailAza canda, paM0 khuzAlacanda gorAvAlA, pro. jagannAtha upAdhyAya Adi vidvAna vaktAoM ne parinirvANa se saMbaddha viSayoM para prakAza ddaalaa| (iii) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana darzana tathA sAMskRtika abhiyAna se janatA ko paricita karAne hetu samiti ne gata varSAvAsa meM muni zrI buddhamala jI, muni zrI Aryanandi jI evaM muni zrI mahendra kumAra jI 'prathama' ke aneka sArvajanika pravacanoM ke Ayojana kiye jinameM pUjya muniyoM ne vartamAna samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM nAnA prakAra se jIvanotthAna kI preraNA dii| vyasana-mukti, milAvaTa virodha, apramANikatA nivAraNa evaM svastha nAgarika jIvana jIne kI dRSTi se saMbala pAne hetu, zikSita azikSita, kisAna majadUra, chAna adhyApaka Adi aneka varga muniyoM ke samparka meM aaye| (iv) 13 navambara 1974 ko eka vizAla zraddhAMjali sabhA kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM DA0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI mukhya vaktA the| (v) 14 navambara 1974 ko eka vizeSa samAroha nAgarI nATaka maNDalI ke prekSAgRha meM kiyA gayA jisakA udghATana barmA ke bhU. pU. pradhAna mantrI U nU ne kiyA / mukhya vaktAoM meM jilAdhikArI zrI sAhanI, zrI jagadIza aror3A, ThA. jayadeva siMha, zrI lakSmI zaMkara vyAsa, zrI zyAmA prasAda pradIpa Adi the| (vi) 12 navambara 197' ko adhyAtma yogI zrI muni mahendra kumAra prathama ne eka vizeSa samAroha meM jaina sAdhanA krama evaM yoga kI sUkSma vidhiyoM kI vivecanA kI tathA smRti prakharatA ke yogika prayogoM kA pradarzana kiyaa| (vii) kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA gaThita bha0 mahAvIrakI 25vIM nirvANa zatAbdI samAroha samiti ke tatvAvadhAna meM 12 mArca se 14 mArca 1975 taka bhArata kalA bhavana tathA bhAratIya mahAvidyAlaya meM jainakalA, purAtatva evaM sAhitya pradarzanI, vyAkhyAna mAlA tathA saimInAra ke Ayojana kiye gye| (viii) 31 aktUbara se 2 navambara 1975 ko pro0 nirmalakumAra bosa smAraka saMsthAna, vArANasI ke tatvAvadhAna meM rAjya samiti ke Arthika sahayoga se 'jaina dharma aura saMskRti : Adhunika sandarbha meM" viSaya para eka samAjavaijJAnika parisaMvAda goSThI Ayojita kI gii|
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________________ 32 ) (ix) mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para gAMdhI bhavana meM DA0 zrImAlI kI adhyakSatA meM vizAla janasabhA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| suprasiddha tatva cintaka zrI rohita mehatA ne vizva ciMtana ke sandarbha meM mahAvIra ke siddhAMtoM kI vyAkhyA kI aura vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM unake mahatva evaM upayogitA kA atyanta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyaa| (4) 24 apraila 1975 ko eka vizAla zobhA yAtrA nikAlI gaI, 25 apraila ko kAzI vidyApITha meM. 26 apraila ko saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya meM tathA 27 apraila ko hindU vizvavidyAla meM mahAvIra jayantI ke upalakSa meM vicAra goSThiyoM kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| (xi) 29 apraila ko navodita racanAkAroM kI saMsthA 'racanA' ke tatvAvadhAna meM rAma bhavana meM zrI kRSNa datta bhadra kI adhyakSatA meM 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura vizva ko unakI dena' viSaya para eka paricarcA goSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM aneka yuvA lekhaka, bicAraka, patrakAra evaM kaviyoM ne bhAga liyaa| vicAra goSThI apane antima caraNa meM kavi darabAra ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gaI aura lagabhaga do darjana kaviyoM ne bha0 mahAvIra ko apanI kavitAoM ke sumana arpita kiye| rAmapura "bAbU Ananda kumAra jaina saMsthAna ne nirvANa varSa meM sAhitya prakAzana jaise kaI upayogI kArya kiye haiN| sItApura eka mahAvIra mandira ke evaM kIrtistambha ke nirmANa kI tathA eka pArka kA 'mahAvIra pArka' nAmakaraNa kI yojanA cala rahI hai| nirmANa varSa meM nirvANotsava, mahAvIra jayantI kI sArvajanika sabhA, dharmacakra svAgata Adi Ayojana hue| rAyabarelI . zrI mahAvIra smRti kendra kI sthApanA huI hai / bhavana ke lie upayukta sthAna prApti kA prayatna ho rahA hai| nirvANa varSa samApana samAroha sotsAha huaa| haradoI jaina saMkhyA nagaNya hai, tathApi mahAvIra jayanti para zobhAyAtrA evaM sArvajanika sabhA ke saphala Ayojana hue| lakhanaU nirvANa varSa ke rAjya samiti dvArA nirdhArita vibhinna kAryakrama sotsAha sampanna hae, unake atirikta dharmacakra kA svAgata, sArvajanika sabhA, 2500 bhUkhoM ko bhojana vitaraNa, sAhitya prakAzana evaM vitaraNa, sAhitya evaM kalA pradarzanI, vividha dharmotsava hue aura eka homyopaithika cikitsAlaya kI tathA sAdatagaMja meM eka dharmArtha Ayurvedika auSadhAlaya kI sthApanA huii| nagara meM pahale se bhI kaI jaina zikSA evaM anya dhArmika saMsthAeM kAryarata haiN| 2500vAM mahAvIra nirvANa bhagavAna mahotsava parasparopagraho jIvAnAm
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________________ R 55-lakhanaU meM nirvANotsava para (13-11-1974) vizeSa DAka TikaTa kA prasAraNa karate hue kendrIya DAka upamantrI zrI jagannAtha pahADiyA tathA maMca para DA. jyoti prasAda jaina, zrI chedIlAla sAthI, zrI lakSmIramaNa AcArya, zrI zazibhUSaNa zaraNa evaM zrI rAjana posTa mAsTara janarala, u. pra.
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________________ 26 DAka TikaTa prasAraNa samAroha meM bhASaNa dete hue zrI lakSmI ramaNa AcArya
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________________ 57-DAka TikaTa prasAraNa samAroha meM zrI ajita prasAda jaina (upa saciva) samiti ke kAryakalApa para prakAza DAlate hue
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________________ 58-DAka TikaTa prasAraNa samAroha meM upasthita zrotAoM kA eka dRzya
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________________ M usic d 59-lakhanaU meM ahiMsA-sammelana (16-11-1974) kA udghATana karate hue uttara pradeza ke rAjyapAla DA. ema. cennA reDDI / maMca para haiM zrI ajita prasAda jaina, zrI zazi bhUSaNa zaraNa, DA. rAmajI lAla sahAyaka tathA zrI vAsudeva siNh|
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________________ 60-ahiMsA sammelana meM adhyakSIya bhASaNa dete hae DA. rAma jI lAla sahAyaka
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA bhAratIya saMskRtima saMgA akara 61-'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina vicAradhArA kA prabhAva' saMgoSThI lakhanaU / maMca para haiM DA0 zazikAnta (saMyojaka), DA0 je0 DI0 zuklA (caturtha satra ke adhyakSa), DA. jyoti prasAda jaina (saMgoSThI samApanakartA) aura kAnta bAla kendra kI adhyApikAeM bhAvanAgAna karatI haI
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________________ 62-lakhanaU saMgoSThI ke zrotAoM kA eka dRzya
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________________ tIrthakara bAlikA zikSA patrAcAra insTITa najIyAvAda mi * hindI sapta sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA yogadAna 21.224 23 akTUbara mUrti devI sarasvatI inTara kAlija 63 - 'hindI santa sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA yogadAna' saMgoSThI najIbAbAda (21-23 aktUbara, 75) - maMca para A0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI (adhyakSa), DA0 premacanda jaina (saMyojaka), DA0kastUra caMda kAsalIvAla, DA0 vijayendra snAtaka, paM0 narmadezvara caturvedI Adi
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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra 25006 nirvANa mahotsava - 64 - bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vA~ nirvANa mahotsava lakhanaU (14-11-1974) kI sArvajanika sabhA-u0 pra0 ke sAmudAyika vikAsa mantrI zrI baladeva siMha AryaM (mukhya atithi) bhagavAna ko zraddhAMjali arpita karate hue / maMca para haiM- zrI jinendra candra (maMtrI), zrI mahAvIra prasAda zrIvAstava ( sabhAdhyakSa), DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina ( samiti ke kAryAdhyakSa) evaM zrI amolaka caMdra nAhara (upAdhyakSa)
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________________ 800 ( paMjIkRta saM0 1353 ) gayA prasAda zukla adhyakSa haMsa rAja jaina maMtrI mAnaka candra jaina koSAdhyakSa 'suciNNa kammA suciNNaphalA bhavaMti' ( acche karmoM kA phala acchA hotA hai ) zrI bhagavAna mahAvIra smRti kendra belagaMja, rAyabarelI ( u0 pra0 ) zyAma sundara sUrI ( jilAdhIza ) adhyakSa zraddhAvanata - bhagavAna mahAvIra DA0 rAmazaraNa dAsa jaina upAdhyakSa nirmala kumAra jaina ( jAyasa) upamaMtrI vijaya mohana jaina TrasTI mahAvIra prasAda jaina TrasTI ratneza kumAra mizrA, suzIla kumAra mittala, dezarAja jaina evaM aMjanA jaina sadasya - kAryasamiti mizrIlAla jaina ( bacharAvAM ) TrasTI aura ( dUrabhASa : 276 ) Ananda prakAza jaina upAdhyakSa rAjendra prasAda jaina upamaMtrI zItala prasAda jaina ( jAyasa) TrasTI jilA bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa samiti rAyabarelI haMsarAja jaina saMyojaka
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________________ nazA saba burAiyoM kI jar3a hai nazAkhora * parivAra ke lie duHkha kA kAraNa hai| . samAja ke lie kalaMka kA viSaya hai| . rASTra ke lie anupayogI va bhArasvarUpa hai| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne naze ke viruddha udghoSa kiyA thaa| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava para kyoM na hama madyatyAga kA pavitra saMkalpa kareM! , uttara pradeza meM isa samaya 1-carasa, gAMjA va aphIma ke mAdaka padArthoM kA niSedha hai| 2-paur3Igar3havAla, camolI, pithaurAgar3ha, uttarakAzI aura TeharIgar3havAla ke jiloM va haridvAra, RSikeza tathA vRndAvana ke tIrthasthAnoM meM kAnUnan madyaniSedha lAgU hai| 3-varSa meM 5 rASTrIya mahatva ke dinoM ke atirikta pratyeka saptAha meM maMgalavAra ko AbakArI kI dukAneM banda rakhI jAne ke Adeza haiM / madyaniSedya yojanA ko saphala banAne va usake lie upayukta vAtAvaraNa utpanna karane ke lie jana-jana kA sahayoga apekSita hai / madyaniSedha evaM samAjotthAna vibhAga uttara pradeza
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________________ ODDOEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEDEXED EDEED Neither riches nor relations can protect. Know this and know life and get rid of Karma. -Bhagwan Mahavir EDEDEDEDEDEDEDECDDEDED With compliments from: Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Limited (India's Leading Producer of Aluminium) Producers of Primary Metal Properzi Rods and Hindalium Alloy for Utensils Works P. O. RENUKOOT DT. MIRZAPUR, U. P. Rolled Products Extrusions MEDEDEDEDEXEDEXXXXXXXX ED EDEDEDDF
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________________ hamAre vana eka mahAna rASTrIya dharohara haiM jinakI surakSA unake upayoga aura lAbha ko dhyAna meM rakhakara karanI caahiye| hamAre vanoM meM paidA hone vAle vibhinna padArtha sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa haiN| -javAhara lAla neharU adhika se adhika vRkSa lagAiye vana vibhAga, uttara pradeza jaha te Na piyaM dukkhaM, taheva tesipi jANa jIvANaM / (jaise tumako duHkha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI anya jIvoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajho) -bhagavAna mahAvIra 'jo manuSya mAnavatA, dharma zravaNa, zraddhA aura saMyama meM parAkrama ko durlabha jAnakara saMyama ko dhAraNa karatA hai vaha zAzvata siddha hotA hai|' __ -bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava para hamArI zubha kAmanAeM ! zraddhAvanata di kizAna phlora milsa relave roDa, meraTha jaina sevA samiti lATha bhavana sTezana roDa, sItApura mantrI nirmala kumAra jaina sumera candra jaina | ucca koTi ke maidA, sUjI, ATA aura cokara ke nirmAtA adhyakSa sthApita 1921 dUrabhASa :-72961 75650 TreDa mArka :- sAMDa
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________________ aNNANaM paramaM dukkhaM (ajJAna parama duHkha hai) -mahAvIra Apako tathA Apake parivAra ko eka zatAbdI se zItakAla meM garmI tathA prasannatA pradAna karate A rahe UnI vastroM ke do mahAna pratiSThAna lAlaimalI aura dhArIvAla kI ora se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava para hArdika zubhakAmanAeM! Apa apanI UnI vasTeMDa, polisTara, vUla phebariksa, ragsa, blaeNkiTa, niTiMgayArna, niTaviyara kI sabhI AvazyakatA hetu samparka kareM: di briTiza iNDiyA kAraporezana limiTeDa kAnapura kI zAkhA di kAnapura vUlana milsa kAnapura aura di nyU IsTarna vUlana milsa dhArIvAla 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM anekAnta se vizva kA mArgadarzana kare !' mesarsa narezacanda pArasamala 81/68, koparagaMja, kAnapura evam mesarsa gautama dAla mila 81/18, koparagaMja, kAnapura (ucca koTi kI dAloM ke nirmAtA evaM vikretA) dUrabhASa : mila va dukAna 60115 AvAsa 61005 Ping Gong Ji Zhuang Xi Xi Bi Jie Bi Jie Shi Zhuang Xi Gong Jin Zhuang Xi Xi Zi Gong Gong Shi Hou Bi Xian Xian Wei Xian
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________________ With Compliments From : Swadeshi Polytex Limited Factory : Ghaziabad, U. P. India's first continuous process Polyester Fibre Plant In technical collaboration with ZIMMER AG. WEST GERMANY Xie Zhuang Xian Yan Xian Zhuang Gong Jin Ji Gong Shi JAILENE EXOEDERDEDEKBESEDEXDEOEDERKDEDEBEEEDS The Fibre of Today and Tomorrow Better is he who restraineth self, Though giveth no alms, than he who Giveth thousands and thousands of cows Every month but restraineth not his self -Lord Mahavira 67356 Shop With Compliments From : 68080 Residence Pb ne MODERN TEXTILES 49/47, Generalganj. KANPUR Wholesale Dealers in : (1) Tyrene Suitings (2) Tyrene Shirtings ) Products of Elgin Mills (4) Products of Calico Mills TOGDEKEDEDEDEEDEEDEDEDEDDEDEDF
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________________ (GGGGGGGGGGGOGO OGDODD) HEARTIEST GREETINGS STAR PAPER MILLS LIMITED SAHARANPUR (U. P.) Manufacturers of: from Writing. Printing, M. G. Kraft, Manila, Poster, Sulphite paper, etc. Regd. & Head Office : 27, Biplabi Trailokya Maharaj Sarani, Calcutta-1 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500vA~ nirvANa mahotsava vizva meM ahiMsA evaM sahaastitva pradAna kare ! mesarsa prabhulAla kAntIlAla eNDa kampanI mesarsa cetana eNDa kampanI tathA mesarsa saMjaya eNDa kampanI 26 / 55, birahAnA roDa, kAnapura ( zakkara ke kamIzana ejenTa va vikretA ) Xing bhagavAna mahAvIra kA 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava prANImAtra ko sukhakAraka ho ! mesarsa pannAlAla banArasIdAsa 51/1, nayAgaMja, kAnapura ( svarNa AbhUSaNoM va cAMdI ke vikretA) TelIphona : 68836 XOXXXXXXXX
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________________ jo rAta aura dina bIta jAte haiM, ve kabhI lauTa kara nahIM Ate-jo vyakti dharmapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, usI ke ve rAta aura dina saphala hote haiN| -bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAvIra mahotsaba paramparopagraho jIvAnAm zrI mahAvIra nirvANa samiti, uttara pradeza sadbhAvanAoM sahita
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________________
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________________ TUHUUUUUUUUU tIrthaMkara mahAvIra |
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________________ -sarasvatI devI pradhAna sampAdaka: DA. jyoti prasAda jena For Private & Personal use only