British Hindusthanno Arthik Itihas Part 01

Author(s): Uttamlal K Trivedi
Publisher: Hiralal Tribhovandas Parekh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032688/1

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kriTikA hina Arthika itihAsa. gujarAta ilara eka

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- zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALageviMdadAsa granthamALA naM. 30 pa >> ............ (A) briTiza hindustAnano Arthika ItihAsa. vibhAga 1 lo. . sa. 1757 thI I. sa. 1867 sudhI. ramezacandradatanA aMgrejI pustaka uparathI lakhanAra uttamalAla kezavalAla trivedI bI.e., ee. bI. vakIla, hAIkorTa-muMbAI zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALagoviMdadAsa granthamALA phaMDa khAtethI re chapAvI prasiddhakartA gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAITI. w saMvata 1965 sana 1909 kImata rU. -12-0 jagata

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sarva prakAranA hakka gu. va. saMsAITIne svAdhIna che. vaDodarAH vIrakSetra mudrAlaya pri. e. ke. li.

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- zeTha harivallabhadAsa boviMdadAsANALAne upote suratanA vatanI ane dhaMdhArthe muMbaInivAsI svargavAsI zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALagoviMdadAse tA. 16 sapTembara sana 1877 nA roja vIla karyuM che, te anvaye prathama sana 1880 mAM rU. 2000 sesAiTIne maLyA. te evI zaratathI ke tenA vyAjamAMthI sAmAjIka sudhAro thAya evAM pustaka taiyAra karAvI chapAvavAM. sadarahu vIlathI zeTha harivallabhadAse amuka prasaMga banyA pachI bAkI rahelI pitAnI tamAma mIlakata pustaka prasAra mATe sosAITIne arpaNa karelI che. te anvaye sana 1894 mAM rU. 18000 nI sarakArI premIsarI neTa pustako taiyAra karAvavA tathA te prasiddha karAvavA mATe sadarahu. vidyAvilAsI ane papakArI udAra gRhastha taraphathI maLelI che, temAMthI Aja paryaMta nIcenAM pustako "zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALageviMdadAsa granthamALA tarIke prasiddha thayAM che - 1. kayI kayI nAte kanyAnI achatathI nAnI thatI jAya che, tenAM kAraNe tathA temAM sudhAro karavAnA upAya. rU. 0- 7-0 2. mAne zikhAmaNa 3. nItimaMdira. rU. 0-1ra-0 4. bALalagnathI thatI hAni. 5. punarvivAha pakSanI pUrepUrI seLaseLa AnA phajetI ! 6. bhejana vyavahAra tyAM kanyA vyavahAre. 7. dhArmika purUSo. 8. ugI purUSa. 0 0 ` 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 ` 0. ` bh s '

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. 1- 0-0. je - 0. 0 0 0 0 0 . benjAmIna krAMkalIna. 10. bedhaka carita. rU. 0- 4-0 11. sadvartana. rU. 1- 8-0 12. raghuvaMzakAvya. rU. 1- 00 te 13. jAvajI dAdAjI dharInuM jIvanacaritra. rU. - 2-0 14. gujarAtane prAcIna ItihAsa bhA. 1 le. rU. -1ra- 15. gujarAtano arvAcIna ItihAsa bhA. 2 je. rU. 1- 0-0 16. nItisiddhAMta. rU. 1- 0-0 17. kAnsisa bekananuM jIvanacaritra. rU. 1- 40 18. zeTha harivallabhadAsa bALagoviMdadAsanuM jIvanacaritra. rU. 0- 6-0 19 paropakAra. rU. 0-12-0 20. DhoranuM khAtara. 2. 0- 4-0 21. jagatane arvAcIna ItihAsa. rU. 2- 0-0 22. kIratAnIya kAvyanuM mULa sAthe gujarAtI bhASAMtara 'rU. 1 0 0 23. vividha prakAranA hunnaro pagI tejAbe. 24. vArniza. 25. jIvanane Adarza. rU. 7-12-0 26. kIrtikAmudI. rU. - 8-0 27. zizupAlavadha kAvya-pUrvArdha (sarga 1 thI 1 ). rU. 1-0-0 28. hiMdustAnamAM aMgrejI rAjyane udaya. rU. 0-6-0 29. rasAyanazAstra. rU. 0-10-0 2. briTiza hindustAnane Arthika ItihAsa vibhAga 1. rU. 0-12-0 gujarAta varnAkayulara sAITInI ophIsa, amadAvAda- tA. 4, navaMbara sana 1908. 0-12-0

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prastAvanA gujarAta varnAkayulara sesAITinI AjJAthI ramezacandra dattakRta "The Economic History of India, ane India in the Victorian Age e be pramANabhUta granthane AdhAre A (briTiza hindustAnane Arthika itihAsa) lakhAyeluM che. ApaNuM bhASAmAM A viSayanI mAhitI mATe bIjAM sAdhanane abhAve uktagranthanA sAddhAramAtrathI vAMcanAranI jijJAsA tRpta nahi thAya ema lAgavAthI, tema mULa grantha ane granthakAranA apAra zairavane paNa gya khyAla nahi ApI zakAya ema samajAyAthI, mULa granthane gujarAtI bhASAmAM banatA sudhI yathAsthita utAravAne ja yatna karyo che, ane A lekhakane khAtrI che ke tethI A granthanI upayogitAmAM vRddhi thaze. hAIkorTa muMbAI navembara 1909 uttamalAla ke. trivedI,

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prakaraNa 1 lu. sAmrAjyanA udaya anukramaNikA. pa prakaraNa 2 jI. agALAnI hakIkata prakaraNa 3 jI. madrAsa prakaraNa 4 zuM. grAmasa sthAe ke vyasta kheDutA prakaraNa 5 muM. uttara hi'dustAna prakaraNa 6 chuM. udyAganI paDatI prakaraNa 7 zuM. rAjyavyavasthA .. 1000 1004 .... .... prapharaNa 9 su nANAM prakaraNa ane Arthika apavAha prakaraNa 10 su mahArANI vikaToriyAnuM rAjyArohaNa 1000 .... .... 9000 .... www 1-18 G 1992 93-127 128-191 191-244 prakaraNa 8 su muMbaimAM elphinsTana (1817 thI 1827).... 316-3para 244-297 298-310 353-385 385-396

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agatyanI bhUkAnuM zuddhipatra 4 azuddha zuddha 64-65 durlabharAya dalAlarAya 82 khaDAmahAla khArAmahAla raiyatavArI 141 cha raiyatadArI 181 7 AkAzane A jamInanI kAMi paNa AkAzIA jamInanI 3 darakAra na hatI. kAine kAMi paNa darakAra na hatI ane arthaka 200 225 225 227 3 233 16 237 248 254 219 269 283 * liDhi 13-21 12-13 : 22 12 13 14 18 tamArA 196 ane mAdAnI vRttinA strI, 20: 18-19 aMgrejanuM nAma karavAnI himmata paNa na dhare te gunhAne 11 18 (kalama 1 luM) + _* / ke huM" arthe karavAthI sAthe V sAla jatI ane apAya e " kapAsa 14000 sALA sALa jatI apAya A mArA 3 [ '' (e zabdaSNu na joIe) strIo tarapha karavAnI himmata paNa na dhare te gunhAte J aMgrejanuM nAma * 3 (3 14602 2 lAM. kalema majalIna tAkA na ma

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paNa liTi azuddha AuM, 284 * * * . * * - : , 14, A : 285 286 288 2 289 200 307 208 sATIna + + rezamI, mAla + banAta + : zAla 181 unanuM kApaDa + + : bIje unane mAla zALAne zAlane baLatA * * * lakhatA e nIti svIkAsmAM e prazna karyo hate." grahaNa karyA hatA. rakSaka nIti rakSaka : verA pitAnI verA sAme pitAnI 1882 , 1822 zALA - - zALAo. ' sthiti cinA cinAo 1815 1818 ijAradvAra temane sULa, rAkhanArI nAkhanArI. temanI re tyAM temanI jene A vAgmitAnI vignatAthI karyo hato karI hatI. " , is , S ::: mULa 1. 343 .. ja 2 A

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika ItihAsa. pustaka 1 luM. sane 1757 thI sane 1837 sudhI. prakaraNa 1luM. - sAmrAjyane udaya ucA prakAranA kartavyaniyathI prerAyalA mahAtmAone keTalIkavAra bhaviSyamAM bananArA moTA banA daSTigocara thAya che. AvA keI bhaviSya darzananA baLathI, ane abhimAnathI nahi paNa pitAnI sattAnA jJAnathI viliyama piTa (pachIthI lairDa cedhama) eka vAra bolyo hato ke, "huM mArA dezane bacAvI zakIza, ane bIjuM koI bacAvI zakaze nahi." viliyama piTa pitAnuM vacana pALavA uparAMta ghaNuM karI batAvyuM. sane 1757 thI 1761 sudhI briTiza rAjyane kArabhAra eNe calAvyA, ane teja pAMca varSamAM hAlanA

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prakaraNa 1 luM. briTiza sAmrAjyanA udayakALano AraMbha thayo. IgleMDanA mitra krerika dhi greTa sane 1757 mAM resabaeNkanA yuddhamAM vijaya meLavya, praziyAno udbhava karyo, ane kAnsane namAvyuM; vuphe sane 1758 mAM kaeka lIdhuM, ane sane 1760 mAM kAnsa pAsethI AkhuM keneDA paDAvyuM; sane 1757mAM ja kalAiva plAsInA yuddhamAM jaya pAmyo ane 1761 mAM AyaraphUTe ApaNA dezamAM phrAnsanI sattAne kacarI nAMkhI. A pAMca varSamAM eka jagata sattA tarIke iMglaMDanI sthiti nizcita thaI; ane kAnsa, yuropamAM halakuM paDayuM, ane eziyA ane amerikAmAMthI adRzya thayuM. ApaNo ItihAsa ApaNA dezamAM briTiza sAmrAjyanA udayanI sAthe saM. baMdha dharAve che; athavA te sAmrAjya nIce vasatA lokonI Arthika paristhiti sAthe. ane A ItihAsa mULathI samajavAnuM saraLa paDe te sArU sane 1757 thI te sane 1837 sudhInA rAjyakIya itihAsanuM A prakaraNamAM digdarzana karavuM jarUranuM che. A eMzI varSanA arasAmAM briTiza kArabhArIonA traNa jamAnA thaI gayA; ane temaNe hiMdI sAmrAjyano vistAra vadhAravAmAM ane tenI jamAvaTa karavAmAM potAnI zakti vAparI. dareka jamAnAnI rAjyanIti paNa bIjAthI jUdI ane lAkSaNika hatI. pahelo yuga kalAIva ane vorana hesTiMgsano. A yuga nirbhaya sAhasa ane khaMtIlA vigraha hato. jethI vepArIonI eka kampanI hiMdustAnamAM eka meTI rAjyasattA thavA pAmI. sane 1784 mAM piTanA inDiyA ekaTathI ane hAme varSe vorana hesTiMgsanI hiMdustAnamAMthI vidAyagIrIthI, A yugane aMta AvyuM. bIjo yuga te kornalisa, vesulI ane lorDa hesTiMgsane. A yugamAM mahesUra ane marAThA sAthe chelA vigraha thayA ane kampanInI hiMdamAM sarvopari sattA thaI. sane 1817 mAM muMbAI ilAkAne khAlasA karavAnI ane hAme varSa chellA pAne keda karavAnI sAthe te yugano aMta Avyo. trijo yuga, zAnti karakasara ane sudhArAno hate.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. te elaphinsTana ane benkino yuga. AmanAM nAme, moTA lazkarI saradAre ane vijetAonA karatAM, vadhAre upakAravRttithI hajI sudhI saMbhArAya che. sane 1836 mAM laI ekalanDanA AvAgamanathI ane rahAme varSe mahArANI vikaToriyAnA rAjyArohaNathI A yugane aMta Avyo. 1. lAIva ane vairana hesTiMgsane samaya. sane 1785 sudhI. isTa inDiyA kampanI sane 1600 mAM 70,000 pAuMDanI muDIthI sthapAi. 16 39 mAM A kampanIe madrAsamAM senTa jejeno kille bAMdhyo. 1687 mAM cAnsa bIjA pAsethI muMbAIne TApu kharIda karyo ane potAnAM kArakhAnAM tyAM laI gaI. sane 1700mAM kalakattAne baMgALAnuM mukhya mathana banAvyuM. A vakhate madrAsanI dakSiNe paMDioNMrimAM ane kalakattAnI uttare candranagaramAM kenAM saMsthAna hatAM. sane 1744 thI 1763 sudhI phreDarika dhi greTanAM yudhdhane pariNAme IgleMDa ane phrAnsa, yuropa eziyA ane amerikAmAM sAmasAme AvI gayAM hatAM. aMgreja ane phrenca kampanIonA nokaroe hiMdustAnamAM paNa teja vigraha upADI lIdho. hiMdI rAjAo sAthe saMdhio karyA, ekamekanAM vyApArI saMsthAne upara ghero ghAlyA, ane pazcimamAM je kaDavAzathI teo laDatA hatA teja kaDavAza ahIM paNa calAvI. A arasAmAM aMgreja ane phrenca vacce traNa moTI laDAIo thaI, je karNATakanA vigraho e nAmathI ItihAsamAM oLakhAya che. karNATaka, pahelA karNATaka vigrahamAM kenyano jaya thaze. temaNe aMgreja pAsethI madrAsa lIdhuM, ane te zahera pAchuM jItI levA AvelA karNATakanA navAbanA

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prakaraNa 1 luM. sainyane mArI kahADayuM. paNa ekasa-lA-zApelanA saMdhithI sane 1748 mAM madrAsa aMgrejone pAchuM ApavAmAM AvyuM. tathApi renca kampanInA DirekaTara janarala Duplene potAnA svadezIone hiMdustAnamAM sarvopari sattAdhIza banAvavAno UMco abhilASa thaI Avyo, ane thoDA vakhata sudhI tene saMpUrNa phateha maLI. teNe pitAnA eka hiMdI maLatiyAne dakSiNanA nijhAma thavAmAM madada ApI ane bIjAne karNATakanA navAba thavAne zakitavAna karyo. Ama te dakSiNa hiMdamAM sahuthI vadhAre samartha "rAjakartA " thaI paDI, ane aMgrejone prabhAva tadana nAza pAmyuM hoya ema ja. NAyuM. have raeNbarTa kalAivanI pratibhAe tAjavAM pheravI nAMkhyAM. eNe karNATakanA navAbanA eka harIphane karNATakanI rAjadhAnI pAchI meLavAmAM madada karI. Akhare bIjA karNATaka vigraha baMdha paDe tyAre briTiza maLatiyo karNATakanA navAba tarIke kAyama rahyo, ane phrencano mitra nijhAma tarIke kAyama rahyo. Ama yuropanI be rAjyasattAo vacce hiMdamAM eka prakAre sattAnI samadhAraNa thaI, ane kenyane uttara sirakArane nAme oLakhAto Akho pUrvane dariyAkinAro prApta thayo. trIjA karNATaka vigrahe kenyasattAno saMpUrNa nAza karyo. kenyanA svadezAbhimAnI paNa taraMgI saradAra lAlIe madrAsa upara ghero ghAlyo paNa te tene sara karI zakyo nahi. pachI sane 1761 mAM vaijheizanA yuddhamAM AyaraphUTe tene harAvyuM, ane aMgrejoe pAMDioNrinuM ca saMsthAne eka haThIlI Takkara haThAvI sara karyuM. sane 1763 mAM paeNrisanA saMdhithI paMDioNri dejone pAchuM maLyuM; paNa kencanI hiMdanI sattAne sabIja nAza thayo. sane 1763 pachI briTizana keIyurepiyana harIpha ApaNuM dezamAM rahe nahi. baMgALA, daramiyAna baMgALAmAM moTA banAvo banavA lAgyA hatA. baMgALAnA

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, navAba sirAja-ud-DhIlAe a Mgreja pAsethI 1756 mAM kalakattA lai lIdhuM ane blekahola opha kalakattA-kalakattAnI kALI kATaDI-te nAme prasiddha thayelA banAva banyA. vaLatAja varSamAM yurepathI pAchA AvIne lAive kalakattA pAchuM lIdhuM, navAba sAthe sa Mdhi karyAM, ane pachIthI tenI sAthe eka tarakaTamAM utaryAM. jyAre badhI tayArI thai rahI tyAre teNe navAba hAme kUca karI; sane 1757 nI plAsInI laDAimAM tene harAvyA; ane Ama AkhA baMgALAne vAstavika rIte sara karyuM'. lAive phrenca pAsethI uttara sirakAra paNa jItI lIdhuM ane 1760 mAM yuropa gayA te pahelAM isTaDiyA kampanIne eka moTI rAjya sattA banAvI. have baMgALAnA navAba kampanInA nAkarenA hAthamAM ramakaDAM jevA thai rahyA. plAsInA yuddha pachI mirajArane navAba banAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. tene 1760 mAM padabhraSTa karyo, ane mirakAsimane navAba banAvyA. mira kAsima majabUta rAnna hatA ane baMgALAnA AMtara vepAranI bAbatamAM ka5 nInA nAkarAnI geravartaNu kane aTakAvavA yatna karatA. tenA pariNAmamAM eka laDAi thai; mirakAsima hAryo ane nA; ane mirajApharane karI rAjyAsana maLyuM', te pachI gheADe kALe te marI gayA ane tenA anArasa putrane baMgALAnA nAmanA rAjA tarIke tAbaDatoba esArI dIdhA. baMgALAnA rAjyavahIvaTa ekadama avyavasthita thaI gayA, ane leAkeAnA upara trAsadAyaka julamA thavA lAgyA. sane 1765 mAM kalAva trIjIvAra hiMdamAM AvyA, ane A vakhate teNe eka navI ane smaraNIya rAjyanIti hAtha dharI. dilhInA nabaLA bAdazAha atyAre dhara gAma vinAnA thai gayA hatA, paNa hajI te hiMdanA bAdazAha lekhAtA hatA. hiMdanA badhA rAjA rajavADA ene nAmanI paNa salAma bharatA, ane svasattAthI meLavelAM rAjyAmAM pazu te je sattA bhAmavatA te

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OM prakaraNa 1 luM. khadhI tenA taraphathI maLI hAya evA DALa rAkhatA hatA. lAive A dRSTAMtanu anukaraNa karyuM, sane 1757 mAM teNe svasattAthI baMgALA chUTyuM hatuM, te paNa sane 1765 mAM teNe megala bAdazAha pAsethI baMgALAnI dIvAnagirI isTa inDiyA kaeNmpatIne mATe meLavI. AvI rIte isTa inDiyA kampanIne eka vyAvahArika padavI maLI; ane ATha varasa upara jItI lIdhelA ilAkAne rAjyavahIvaTa have temaNe praba dhapuraHsara hAthamAM lIdhA. te sivAya rAjyavahIvaTanA dIvAnI ane lazkarI khAtAmAM lArDa klAive keTalAka sudhArAdAkhala karyAM. sane 1767 mAM teNe chevaTane mATe A deza cheDA. paNa tenA rAjyavahIvaTanI yAjatA niSphaLa nIvaDI. navAba ane kampanInA bevaDA amalamAM lAka upara julama khUba thayA; upaja AvI zakI nahi ane 1770-71 mAM eka bhayaMkara duSkALe baMgALAnI vastInA trIjA bhAgane yamapurImAM mokalI dIdhI. madrAsa madrAsamAM briTiza sattAdhArIo haidaraallInI sAthe laDAimAM utarI paDayA hatA. A haidaraalI aDhAramA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM hiMdustAnamAM nira tizaya sAmarthyavALA senApati hatA. haidare karNATakane ujjaDa karyuM, ane madrAsathI thoDe cheTe paDAva nAMkhyA. madrAsanI rAjyasabhA bhaya pAmI ane te bhayaMkara duzmana sAthe sane 1769 mAM ekadama salAha karI. . A arasAmAM, sane 1773 mAM briTiza pArlamenTe hiMdanI sthiti sudhAravA mATe regyuleTiMga eTa ' e nAmanA eka kAyado pasAra karyo. A kAyadAthI hiMdustAnanA kampanInA rAjyane pArlamenTathI hakapatra maLyuM ane kampanInA sarva mulakA upara dekharekha rAkhavAnI sattA sAthe-gavarnara janarala- e padavIthI eka jagA sthApI. A vakhate vaurana hesTiMgsa baMgALAnA gavanara hatA, teja sane 1774 mAM hiMdustAnane pahelA gavarnara janarala thayA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. kampanInA hiMdanA nekarAmAM vArana hesTiMgsa karatAM vadhAre sAmarthyavALA kAi bIjo aMgreja A vakhate na hatA, ane hiMdanI prajAnA svabhAvanu sahuthI vadhAre sa MgIna jJAna paNa teneja hatuM. te sane 1750 mAM bAlyAvasthAmAM A dezamAM AvyA hatA. bagALA ane madrAsamAM peAtAnA svadezIe sattAne je durupayoga karatA hatA tenI hAme teNe vAMdhA uThAvyA hatA; ane have kula sattA maLavAthI rAjyavahIvaTa sudhAravAnI tene nirmaLa icchA thai AvI. paNa nANAM saMbaMdhI muzkelIo, potAnIja sabhAmAM philipa phrAnsisanI A gevAnI nIce zarU thayelA virodha, vAraMvAra karavI paDatI laDAie, ane petAnA svacchaMdI svabhAva; A badhAMe ekaThAM thaIne ene evAM kRtyA tarapha deryo ke jethI briTiza pArlamenTamAM tenA upara kAma calAvavAneA vakhata AvyA. ha hesTiMgse dilhInA bAdazAhane mukarara karelI pezakazI ApavI baMdha karI. kArA ane alAhAbAdamAM AvelI bAdazAhI mIlakata te upADI gayA ane te ayeAdhyAnA navAbane pAMca lAkha pAunDa mATe vecI; ane rAhIlAone kacarI nAMkhavA cAra lAkha pAunDa lai teNe eka iMgrejI senA, te navAbanI madadamAM mAkalI, suI. A vakhate marADAe sahuthI vadhAre sattA dharAvatA hatA ane muMbai sarakAra temanI sAthe muzkelIomAM guMcAi hatI. pezvAine mATe A arasAmAM e hakadAra hatA. subai sarakAre AmAMnA ekane madada karavAnuM mAthe lIdhu ane tenA pariNAmamAM paheluM marAThA yuddha thayu.. briTiza senAe amadAvAda ane gvAliyara sara karI potAnI hAka vagADI; paNa yuddhane mukhya hetu saphLa na thayA. aMgrejanA mitre penzana lai haka choDI dIdhA, ane sAlmeTa ane khIjA keTalAka TApue sane 176ra nA sadhithI briTiza mulakamAM umerAyA.

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prakaraNa 1 luM. asara tevAmAM mahesUranA haidaraalI sAthe bIjI laDAI thaI. cAra ThekANe sara AyaraphUTe tene harAvyuM. paNa haidaraalI dareka ThekANe raNakSetramAMthI pitAnuM sainya bacAvI zako ane tenuM baLa ochuM thayuM nahi. eTaluM ja nahi paNa uttama vyuharacanAthI karnala belI ane brethaveTanI saradArI nIcenI be briTiza TukaDIone teNe gherI lIdhI ane tene samULa nAza karyo. paNuM haidara ane 1782 mAM maraNa pAmyA ane sane 1783 mAM tenA putra TIpu sulatAna sAthe salAha karavAthI te laDAI baMdha thaI. hesTiMgsanAM kRtya, hesTiMgsa sane 1775 mAM ayodhyAno te vakhatano navAba maraNa pAmatAM tenA vArasa pAse banArasa prAnta pitAne soMpAvarAvyuM. AthI banArasano rAjA eka briTiza paTAvata thaye. hesTiMgsa mukarara karelI khaMDaNI uparAMta bIjI moTI rakamo banArasanA rAjA pAsethI mAgI; tene bhAre daMDa karyo; tene pakaDa ane keda karyo, ane tenI raiyatane baLa karavA jarUrI pADI. pariNAme rAjAne padabhraSTa karyo, ane tenuM rAjya tenA eka sagAne khaMDaNInI rakamamAM vadhAro karIne sepyuM. ayodhyAnA navA navAba pAse paNa khaMDaNInI pAchalI bAkInI ugharANI karI, ane eNe pitAnI azakti batAvI tethI tenI mA ane vaDIAIne lUMTavAmAM tene madada karI ane tevI rIte dasa lAkha pAuMDa karajamAM bharAvyA. vaLI ayodhyA ane madrAsamAM briTiza leNadArone jamIna mAMDelI hovAthI lekonA upara ghaNo trAsa thata; ane baMgALAmAM vaMzaparaMparAnAM jamInadAronA kAnI avagaNanA karIne kampanInI upajamAM vadhAro karavAnA hetuthI hesTiMgsa temanI jAgIra harAja karI nAMkhI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. A badhAM kRtyAthI vArana hesTi MgsanA rAjyavahIvaTane bahu AMkha lAgI. piTane inDiyA ekaTa sane 1784 mAM pasAra thayA ane teNe pahelIvAra inDiyAne vahIvaTa aMgrejanI bAdazAhI sattA nIce mUkayA. vaLatA varSamAM vArana hesTi Mgse ApaNA deza cheADayA. A sane 1785 sudhInI TukAmAM hakIkata. phrencanI sAthenA traNa yuddhe - thI IMgreja karNATakamAM sarvopari thayA; surAjuddIlA ane mirakAsima sAthenI laDAione pariNAme te khagALAnA dhaNI thayA, ane mAisera ane marADAnI sAthenA vigrahathI temanA mulakeAmAM pagapesArA thai cUkayA. baMgALA, uttara sirakAra, banArasa, mukharjI ane madrAsamAM keTalAka pradeza, eTalu sane 1785 mAM je vakhate vArana hesTi`gsa gayA te vakhate IMgreja sarakAranA hAthamAM AvI gayuM hatuM. 2. kArnavolisa, velsalI ane lArDa hesTi MgsanA samaya, 1985 thI 1817. piTane inDiyA ekaTa 1784 mAM 13 mI ogasTane rAja pasAra thayeA. tethI kampanIne tamAma kArabhAra dIvAnI-lazkarI ane upaja kharaca sa MbadhI, briTiza kirITezvara tarathI nImAyalA cha kamiznanareAnI dekharekhamAM sAMpavAmAM AvyA. briTiza rAjyanA pahelA bhAgamAM je julama ane avyavasthA thayAM hatAM temAMthI lAkAne ugAravAnI aMtaHkaraNanI icchA hatI. kampanInA kArya dhuraMdharAne paNa peAtAnA vahIvaTa vyavasthita karavAnI pUrI icchA hatI. temaNe hesTiMgsa pachI lArDa kArnavAlisane gavarnara janarala tarIke nImyA; ane lokA, peAtAnI sthiti sudhAravA sArU khetIvADImAM sudhArA vadhArA karavA tarapha dhyAna Ape, te sArU jamInanI mehesula ' yAvacca divAkarI ' mukarara karavAnI khAsa sUcanA ApI.

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prakaraNa 1 lu. aMdhakAra ane tAkAnanA eka yuga pachI A eka prakAzane jhaLakATa AvI gayA. lArDa kArnavAlisanA saMbaMdhamAM je dhAraNA rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI te teNe pAra pADI. teNe rAjyavahIvaTamAM sudhArA karyA. peAtAnA nAkarAne purA pagAra ApavAnI teNe kampanIne ja pADI; ane temane prAmANika amaladAra banAvyA. teNe hiMdustAnanI sivila sarvisane pAye nAMkhyA je hajI sudhI tevIja sthitimAM che. tene mAtra ekaja laDAi laDavI paDI hatI, te DaisUranA TipusulatAna sAthe. teNe sulatAnanI rAjadhAnI sara karI; ane tenI hadanA keTalAka bhAga khAlasA karIne tenI sattA narama pharyAM pachI tenI sAthe salAha karI. sane 1793 mAM teNe ApaNA deza cheDayA te pahelAM baMgALAnI mahelanI, jAthukane mATe, jamInadArI vyavasthA karI. A kRtyathI hiMdustAnanI briTiza raiyatanI AbAdI ane sukhane mATe jeTalu thayuM che teTaluM briTiza rAjyanA khIjA kAipaNa kRtyathI thayuM nathI ema kahI zakAya. sane 1793 mAM isTa inDiyA kampanInA paTA navA thayeA. inDiyAnA kArabhAra upara pArlamenTamAM carcA thai ane piTanA bilanAM mukhya dhAraNA kAyama rahyAM. paNa have isTa inDiyA kampanI upara 3000 Tana jeTalAM vahANu pUrva tarapha vepAra karatA khIA vepArIone purAM pADavAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvI. kampanInA ananyAdhikAramAM A pahelavaheluM bhaMgANa paDayuM. sara jana sAra ( pachIthI lArDa Trenamatha ) lArDa kornavolisa pachI gavarnara janarala thaye|; ane teNe tenI teja zAntinI rAjyanIti svIkArI. teNe lArDa kAne vAlisa vALI acaLa jamAbandInI nItine banArasane lAbha ApyA. sara jAna zAra pachI lArDa morniMgTana-pachIthI mAkaveMsa A veslI gavarnara-janarala thayA. te 1798 mAM hiMdustAnamAM AvyA. pUrve jema kerika dhi greTanI laDAiethI hiMdanI briTiza rAjyanIti raMgAi hatI tema atyAre nepeliyananI sAthenI laDAiothI raMgAi. vilyama piTa

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. tepoliyananI hAme lazkaro tayAra rAkhavA sArU yuropanAM rAjyone nANunI madada Apata. veslI piTano mitra ane catura ziSya hato. teNe paNa nA nI madadanI rIta hiMdamAM dAkhala karI, paNa eka agatyanA pheraphAra sAthe. dezI rAjyonAM sine nakAmAM hatAM ane tevAM sainya vadhAravA sArU temane nANuM ApavAM e kAMI upayoganuM nahatuM. tethI velyulIe temanA rAjyamAM briTiza lazkara rAkhavA sArU temanI pAsethI nANuM kaDhAvyAM. AthI kampanIne nANunI chUTa thaI ane hiMdanA rAjAo kampanInA kAbumAM AvyA. A nIti AzritamaitrI ( sabasiDyarI elAyansa") nI nItinA nAmathI oLakhAya che. Tipu sulatAna. mahaisUranA Tipu sulatAne kenyanI sAthe saMdezA calAvavA zarU karyA hatA. tene dAbI nAMkhavAnI pAkI jarUra hatI, tethI TipunI sAme eka cothuM yuddha mAMDavAmAM AvyuM. pitAnI rAjadhAnIno bacAva karatAM Tipu sane 1799 mAM maraNa pAmyo. haisUrane keTalAka bhAga vijetAoe khAlasA karyo; temAMne eka bhAga marAThAo jo AzritamaitrImAM sAmIla thAya te temane ApavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM, paNa temaNe nA pADI. eka bhAga nijhAmane ApavAmAM AvyuM, paNa pAchaLathI tenA rAjyamAM rAkhavAnA briTiza sainyanA pagAra peTe te bhAga veslIe pAcho lIdhe. mahaisUranuM je bAkI rahyuM tenuM eka nAnuM rAjya banAvyuM ane te upara tyAMnA prAcIna hiMdu vaMzanI pharIthI sthApanA karI. vilInI rAjyanIti. AzritamitrI, velIe nabaLAM rAje tarapha vadhAre saraLatAthI kAma lIdhuM. velI rItinI bAbatamAM bahu saMbhramamAM paDe tevI prakRtine nahato. suratanA navAba

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12 prakaraNa 1 luM. 1799 mAM maraNa pAme, velIe enA bhAine penazana ApI tene haka choDAvI lIdhuM. ane rAjya khAlasA karyuM. karNATakano navAbe 1801 mAM maraNa pAme. tenA vArase haka choDI devA kabUla na karyuM eTale tene ThekANe eka bIje navAba ubho karyo, jeNe pitAnuM rAjya briTizane ApI dIdhuM, ane pote sAliyANuM laI cAlato thayo. pharAbAdano sagIra navAba umara lAyaka thavAnI taiyArImAM hato; tenI pAse pitAnuM rAjya briTizane soMpAvyuM ane tene sAliyANuM ApyuM. ayodhyAnA navAba AgaLa be vAta mUkavAmAM AvI. kAMte eNe pitAnA rAjyano dIvAnI ane lazkarI vahIvaTa briTiza sarakArane saMpa, athavA rAjyane ardha bhAga tenA rAjyamAM briTiza sainya rAkhavA sArU hamezane mATe soMpI deve, e sarate AzritamaitrImAM dAkhala thavuM. AmAMnI bIjI darakhAsta svIkAravAnI tene pharaja pADavAmAM AvI. ane tene anusarIne teNe 1801 mAM alAhabAda ane bIje keTalAka mulaka briTiza sarakArane soMpAyo. bIjo marAThA vigraha, hajI hiMdamAM marAThAnI moTI sattA avaziSTa rahI hatI. lorDa vesalInA sArA bhAgye pisvA sarakAra upara bIjA marAThA saradAronuM bhAre dabANa gujaravA lAgyuM ane tethI pisthAne briTizanI madada levAnI jarUra paDI. sane 1802 mAM temanI AzritamaitrI baMdhAi ane pezvA briTiza sainyanI madadathI gAdIe beThA. pitAnA rAjyamAM Ama briTiza sarakArane pagapesAro thavAthI siMdhiyA hAlakara bhoMsale vagere marAThA saradAre camakayA ane temAMthI bIje marAThA vigraha uddhava pAmyo. Dayuka opha veligTananI padavIthI pAchaLathI prasiddha thayelA briTiza saradAra janarala velIe siMdhiyA ane bhoMsalenA sainyane sane 1803 mAM ese ane ArgAmanAM yuddhamAM harAvyAM. bIjI tarapha laoNDa leka vijayapatAkA pharakAvate dilhImAM dAkhala thaye, lAzvArInA yuddhamAM siMdhiyAnI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 14 senAne mAta karI. paNa hekara sarakAra je atyAra sudhI lAga jevAnI ramata ramatA hatA te have joDAyA ane marAThA maMDaLa sAthenI lAMbI laDAI hajI sudhI cAlatI hatI tevAmAM kampanInA dhuraMdhara maMDaLe temanA yuddha zIla mavarnara-janaralane pAchA belAvyA ane inDiyAmAM zAnti vartAvavA lArDa kornavolisane mokalyA. laoNrDa veslI iMgleMDa gayA pachI piTane maLe. piTa A vakhate maraNapathArIe hatA. bannee pitatAnA sattAnA pradezomAM moTAM yuddha calAvyAM hatAM. piTa yuropanAM yuddha baMdha karavA zaktivAna thaze nahIM tema velInAM hiMdanAM yuddho paNa hajI ghaNuM bAkI hatAM. piTanAM yuddhone 1815 nuM ane vellInAM yuddhone sane 1817 nuM varSa jevAnuM nirmANa thayeluM hatuM. | daramiAna ApaNe dezamAM tAtkAlika zAMti pasarI. hiMdamAM pahoMcyA pachI thoDe ja kALe karna lisane daivajJA thaI ane tenA uttarAdhikArIo, sara jena bole ane lerDa minToe marAThAne cheDyA nahi. isTa inDiyA kaM. panIne paTo sane 1813 mAM no thayA; paNa A vakhate temane vepArane ananyAdhikAra nAza pAme. cInAI cAha sivAyanI bIjI cIjone vepAra jeno sane 1600 thI eTale rANI elIjhAbethanA vakhatathI te atyAra sudhI kaMpanIne ananyAdhikAra hato, te have badhA briTiza vepArIo mATe khule thayo. le moirAH chele marAThA vigraha, sane 1813 mAM jyAre lorDa mAIrA (pAchaLathI lorDa hesTiMgsa) gavanara janarala tarIke Avyo tyAre marAThA sAthe chellA vigrahane samaya AvI pahoMcyA hatA. nepAla sAthe yuddha thatAM keTalIka himAlayanI sarahada briTizane maLI ane pinArIone nAbuda karavA eka laDAI A vakhate laDavAmAM AvI. te pachI trIje ane chevaTane marAThA vigraha Avyo. 1802 mAM

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1 prakaraNa 1 luM. pezvA briTiza sAthe AzritamaitrImAM joDAyA hatA paNa temane te gamatuM nahotuM. chevaTe teNe DhoMga choDI dIdhA ane bIjA marAThA saradAre tenI sAthe sAmIla thayA. piztAnuM ja sanya khaDakI AgaLa, bhoMsalenuM sainya sItAbAdI AgaLa ane sara jona mAphakamane hAthe halkaranuM lazkara mahIdapura AgaLa hArI gayuM. aMgreje sane 1817 mAM pezvAno mulaka khAlasA karyo ane teno muMbaI ilAko banAvyo. vaLate varSe pezvAne khudane keda karyA ane pezvA penzana laI tIrtha yAtrAe gayA. siMdhiyA, hekara,bhoMsale, gAyakavADa e marAThA saradArane pitA potAnA rAjyamAM iMglaMDanI bAdazAhI sattA nIce rAjya karavA dIdhA. - A, briTiza sattAnA upara jaNAvelA bIjA yugana, TuMkAmAM itihAsa. 193 ne baMgALAna, 1795 no banArasano ane 1802 ane 1805 ne uttara sarakAra ane bIjA vibhAgomAM dAkhala thayelA acaLa jamAbaMdIne baMdebasta e A yuganuM moTAmAM moTuM ane kalyANakAraka vahIvaTI karyo che. maheMsUra ane marAThAne chevaTane mATe nAbuda karyo e A yuganuM moTAmAM moTuM rAjakIya kRtya che. 3. mane eliphansTana ane benki . 1817 thI 183. have yuga yurepa temaja hindamAM zAMti karakasara ane sudhArAno che. yuropanI prajAo nepalIyananAM yuddhAthI kaMTALI gaI hatI, ane TarlanA yuddha pachIja temane lAMbA kALa sudhI zAtinAM sukha maLyAM. te pachI sane 1830 ne parivartana thayo. sarvatra vahIvaTI sudhArA ane prajAne mATe nAgarika haka saMpAdana karavA tarapha yatno thayA. IMglaMDamAM 1832 no riphersa ekaTa thayo. belajIyama hekaMDathI chUTuM paDyuM ane pitAnuM svadezI rAjya sthApyuM. jarmanI

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. 15 ane iTalImAM rASTrIya aya ane rASTrIya svAtaMtrya mATe meTI hIlacAleA zarU thai. sane 1830 mAM grIsa svataMtra thayu. sane 1833 mAM gulAmagirI nAkhuda thai. vahIvaTI sudhArA karavA ane loka sthitine sArA pAyA. upara mUkavI, e A yuganuM daivata hatu. teja daivate hindanA rAjyakartAonI rAjyanIti pazu merI. lArDa hesTi'gse 1817 mAM kalakattAnI hiMdu kAleja sthApI. 1813 mAM lorDa empharTa kalakattAnA takhta upara AvyA. temanA vakhatamAM 1826 mAM AsAma, ArAkAna ane tenAsarIma iMgrejI rAjyamAM umerAyAM. e varasa pachI aArDa enTinka gavaranara-janarala thayA. temaNe paNa sane 1830 mAM kurgane khAlasA karIne ane spaisUranI rAjyapurA hAthamAM laine briTiza mulakanA vadhArA karyAM. paNa A yuganI vizeSatA ATalAmAM samAelI nathI. mannA, elphinsTana ane enTinkanAM nAmeA sAthe joDAyalA vahIvaTI sudhArA e A yuganI vizeSatA che, vArana hesTiMgsa ane keAne vAlise sthApelI nyAyapaddhati niSkala nIva DI tenuM kAraNa e hatuM ke svadezIone vahIvaTInA kAmamAMthI khAtala karyo hatA. nyAyanuM kAma caDI gayuM, ane briTiza nyAyAdhIzeAne hAthe thatA vilaMba nyAyanA abhAvarUpa thaI paDayA. kampanInA mulakamAM gunAe vadhavA mAMDavA tethI bAtamIdAro rAkhIne mANaseAnI dharapakaDa karavAnI rIta dAkhala karavAmAM AvI; paNa tenAthI te aniSTa vadhavA lAgyu. sane 1910mAM laoNrDa minTa lakhe che ke 'khUna ane lUTakATa khagALAmAM badhe ThekANe cAle che. ' A sthitimAM kampanInA rAjyapurUSAne vahIvaTI kAmamAM svadezIne vadhAre bhAga ApavAnI jarUra samajAI. kalakattAnA jajja sara hetri sTreci lakhe che ke 'hiMda jevA sudharelA ane uALI vasativALA mulakamAM svadezI dnArAja nyAya sArI rIte ApI zakAya.' , A dhAraNane amalamAM mUkanAra hiMdamAM pahelA aMgreja DhaoNmasa manA hatA. teNe 'prajAmAM vizvAsa rAkhavAnI rIti aMgIkAra karI, te 1780 mAM

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prakaraNa 1 luM. eka juvAna sipAhI tarIke hiMdamAM Avyo hato. haidaraalI sAthenA yuddhamAM te sAmela hato. sane 1793-99 ane 1800 mahesUra ane dakSiNamAMthI je. mulako maLyA temAM mahesulane baMdebasta karIne teNe nAma kahADayuM hatuM. sane 1814mAM pharIthI madrAsanI nyAyapaddhatine tapAsavA ane sudhAravA sArU nimAyelI eka khAsa sabhAnA pramukha tarIke te hiMdamAM AvyA; ane javAbadArIvALA vahIvaTI kAmamAM svadezIone vadhAre bhAga ApanArA prasiddha kAyadAo teNe pasAra karAvyA. 1820 mAM te pAcho madrAsanA gavaranara tarIke trIjI vAra hindamAM Avyo. teNe madrAsane raiyatavArI jamAbandIbaMbasta karyo, ane 1827nA julAI mAsamAM loko AzIrvAda laI dezane zekamAM DubAvI hiMdamAMja behestanazIna thayo. sara Tomasa manAe je madrAsamAM karyuM te mAunTa TuarTa elphinsTane muMbaImAM karyuM. te mano karatAM aDhAra varSe nAno hate. te 1796mAM ApaNA dezamAM AvyA hatA ane 1803 mAM esenuM yuddha thayuM tyAre Dayuka oNpha veligeTanane piliTikala sekreTarI je hato. 1808 mAM laoNrDa minToe tene rAjadUta tarIke aphaghAnIstAna mekalyo ane te vakhate teNe aphaghAnenA saMbaMdhamAM paheluM ane hajI sudhI pramANabhUta gaNatuM pustaka lakhyuM. 1811 mAM pizvA sarakAramAM briTiza elacI tarIke tene nImyo ane sane 1817nA chevaTa marAThA vigrahamAM teNe agrabhAga lIdho. A rIte meLavelA mahArASTranA lAMbA ane bahoLA anubhavathI jyAre pezvAne mulaka khAlasA karavAmAM Avyo tyAre tene muMbaInA gavarnara tarIke nImavAnuM yogya jaNAyuM. A moTA hedAnI pharaja teNe sAta varSa sudhI bajAvI. teNe muMbaInA kAyadAo ekatrita karyA, svadezIone sarakArI kAmamAM vadhAre saMkhyAmAM dAkhala karyA; ane dezamAM keLavaNIne vistAra karyo. sane 1827mAM te nivRttiparAyaNa thaI IgleMDa gaye. A pramANe jyAre sane 1828mAM benTinya gavarnara janaralanA siMhAsana upara Avyo tyAre vahIvaTI sudhArAnuM kAma sArI rIte AgaLa vadheluM

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 17 hatuM. benTinka ogaNIsamA saikAnI zarUAtamAM madrAsano gavarnara hato, paNa tyAM senAprakopa thavAthI tene pAcho bolAvI levAmAM Avyo hato. pachI yurapanA rAjyakArabhAramAM paDatAM teNe 1814 mAM janaA sara karyuM. tyAMnuM junuM rAjyabaMdhAraNa pharIthI sthApyuM, ane te vakhate saMyukta iTAlinI bhAvanA tenAmAM janma pAmI. A pachI de varSa copana varSanI pAkI ummare te hiMdustAnanA gavarnara janarala tarIke hiMdamAM Avyo. mane e batAvelA kAyadAo madrAsamAM pasAra thayA hatA, jethI dIvAnI nyAya vAstavika rIte svadezI nyAyAdhIzone soMpavAmAM Avyo. eriphansTane muMbaImAM Aja sudhAro dAkhala karyo hato. benTike paNa baMgALAmAM dIvAnI insApha deza nyAyAdhIzone soMpyo. temanA pagAra ane adhikAra udAra buddhithI nirmANa karyA ane mahesulanA kAmamAM yuropIyana adhikArIone madada karavA svadezI madadanIza mahesulAtI adhikArIonI yojanA karI. svadezIone A pramANe vahIvaTamAM vadhAre bhAga ApavAthI laMDa vilyama beTika dara varSe dasa lAkha pAuMDanI khoTane badale vIsa lAkha pAuMDane vadhAro batAvI zakyo. 1833 mAM sudharelA pAyA upara uttara hiMdustAnamAM mahAlavArI baMdobasta karavAnI zarUAta thaI, ane muMbaImAM 1835 mAM raiyatavArI baMdobasta karavAnuM zarU thayuM. sane 1833 mAM IsTa IDyiA kampanIne paTe pharIthI tAjo thayo. A vakhate temane vepAra karavAnI baMdhI karI ane phakta rAjyano vahIvaTa karavAnija sattA ApavAmAM AvI; ane AnI sAthe evI sarata karavAmAM AvI ke - mAtra dharma, janmabhUmi, vaMza, varNa ke temAMnA game te koI kAraNathI hiMda svadezI koIpaNa jagA, hade ke kAmagirI mATe yogya gaNavAmAM Avaze nahi."

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18 prakaraNa 1 luM. benki pachI sara cArlasa meTApha gavarnara janarala thayA. pachI sane 1836 mAM lairDa okalenDa AvyA ane vaLate varSe mahArANI vikaToriyA briTiza sAmrAjyanA siMhAsana upara ArUDha thayAM. ApaNuM dezamAM A varSe eka aitihAsika yugane aMta ane bIjAno AvirbhAva sUcave che. 1837 pahelAM baMgALA, madrAsa, muMbaInA ilAkAo ane uttara hiMdanA sArAmAM sArA pradeze briTizana hAthamAM AvI gayA hatA. hiMdanI mahAn sivila sarvisanI sthApanA thaI cUkI hatI. ghaNA niSphaLa prayoga karyA pachI dezanI nyAyapaddhati saMtoSakAraka pAyA upara mUkavAmAM AvI hatI. jamInanI mahesulanA gaMbhIra ane kaThina praznanuM paNa yogyaagra samAdhAna thaI gayuM hatuM. dezamAM sarvatra zAti saMpAdana thaI hatI. kampanIne vepAra baMdha thaze, ane hiMdanA rAjyakartAja tarIke have te ubhI rahI. 1817mAM kalakattAmAM, ane 34mAM muMbaImAM, iMgrejI pAThazALAo sthapAI. sane 1836 mAM chApAnuM svAtaMtrya bakSavAmAM AvyuM. yuropa ane hiMda vacce varALathI vyavahAra zarU thayo. kharacamAM karakasara karavAmAM AvI. vArSika upajamAM vadhAro jaNAvA lAgyo. ane svadezIone rAjya vahIvaTanA kAmamAM vadhAre kAmagirI ApavAmAM AvI. briTiza rAjyano hetu hiMdanA lekenuM kalyANaja che, e dhoraNa, dhoraNa tarIke te svIkArAyuM. A IcchAne prajAe vadhAvI lIdhI. temanAmAM mAnasika jAgratino uddabhava thaye; ane utkarSa ane abhyadayanAM cinho dekhAvA mAMDyAM. eTalA mATe A varSa hiMdanA arvAcIna itihAsamAM eka svAbhAvika mukAmanuM sthAna che. A varSa sudhInA Arthika ItihAsanuM ane vakana karyA pachI vikaToriyana yuganuM avalekanA bIjA bhAgamAM karavAnuM dhAryuM che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. prakaraNa 2 jI. 19 agALAnI hakIkata. 1. mulakI vepAra, 1957-65 aDhAramA saikAmAM jema duniyAnA khIjA bhAgAmAM hatuM tema ApaNe tyAM paNa eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe mAla lAvavA lai javAmAM cIlAve ApavA paDatA. paraMtu isTa inDiyA kampanIe potAnA mAla cIlAverAmAMthI mukata karavAnuM pUramAna meLavyuM hatuM. yureApamAMthI je mAla te AyAta karatI ane ahIMthI nikAsa karavA je mAla te letI tenA upara cIlAverA levAmAM AvatA nahi. jakAtanI ceAkIe iMgreja presiDanTa athavA kArakhAnAnA vaDAnA hAthadaskata batAvyA eTale kampanIneA mAla sarve tarehanA verAmAMthI mukta thatA. 1757 mAM plAzInA yuddhamAM vijaya pAmyAthI baMgALAmAM IMgrejI prajAnI AbarU vadhI; ane kampanInA nAkaro have peAtAne khAnagI jokhame keTaloka vepAra karavA lAgyA. je lAbha kampanInA mAlane maLatA teja lAbha kampanInA nAkarA peAtAnA khAnagI vepArane mATe paNa levAnuM mana karavA lAgyA. baMgA LAnA navAbeAe kampanInA AmadAnI ravAnagI vepAraverA lIdhA vinA calAvavA devAnuM kabula karyuM hatuM; paNu kampanInA takarAe te huka peAtAnA khAnagI vepArane paNa lAgu pADayA, ane baMgALAnA eka bhAgamAMthI bIjA bhAgamAM je mAla teo lai jAya te paNa verA vagara lai javAnA dAvA karyAM. 1757 mAM kalAive mIrAne bagALAne navAba banAvyo. mIra jApura nAlAyaka rAjA nIvaDayA. ane briTizanI sAthenA kAlakarAra pALI zakyA nahi; eTale 1760 mAM tene padabhraSTa karyo ane mIra kAsamane navAba banAvyo.

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20 prakaraNa 2 . ' navA navAbe bardavAna citoMga ane midanApura e traNa paragaNAMnI upaja kampanIne ApavAnuM kabUla karyuM. mIrajAphara pAse je zuM bAkI hatuM te paNa ApavAnuM teNe svIkAryuM, ane te uparAMta dakSiNamAM kampanIne laDAIo laDavI paDI temAM potAnA phALA tarike pAMca lAkha rUpIA bIja ApyA. gAdIe AvyA pachI be varSanI aMdara mIrakAsame A tamAma devuM patAvI dIdhuM. paNa vepAranA saMbaMdhI muzkelIo vadhavA mAMDI. kampanInA karo pitAno mAla vere ApyA vinA eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe lai jatA, ane svadezI vepArIone bhAre cIlAre Apavo paData. AthI svadezI vepArIo pAyamAla thayA; navAbanI upajane dhakake pahoM; ane kampanIne nokarIne aDhaLaka samRddhi prApta thaI. kalAiva pachI gavarnara hevI vensITArTa AnI aniSTatA sana hate. te tenuM nIce mujaba varNana Ape che:- , vepAranA saMbaMdhamAM mIrajAphara pAse navA haka mAgyA na hatA. kampanIne kaMI joItA paNa na hatA. 1716 mAM temanI sAthe je sarato karavAmAM AvI hatI tenAthI tene saMtoSa hato ane navAbe ApakhudIthI je javAbadArIo temanA upara nAMkhI hoya tenAthI mukta thavA mAgatI hatI. paNa jyAM ApaNo prabhAva jaNAvA lAgyo ke tarataja kampanInA nokaro ane temanI dekharekha nIce kAma karatA bIjA mANasoe keTalIka navI rIte dAkhala karI. je cIjono vepAra karavAnI pahelAM manAI hatI teno teo vepAra karavA lAgyA ane navAbanA mulakanA kArabhAramAM hAtha ghAlavA mAMDaze." temanA pachI mi. varlDa AvyA. teo paNa teja matalabanuM lakhI gayA che. vera ApyA vinA vepAra calAvavAmAM AvatuM, ane tene aMge lokanA upara besumAra julama thatuM. aMgreja gumAstAo lekane trAsa ApIne saMtoSa na mAnatAM rAjAnI sattAne paNa pagataLe cAMpatA ane jyAre navAbanA adhikArI julama aTakAvavAnAM pagalAM bharatA tyAre temaja bAMdhIne mAra

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika ItihAsa. 21 mAravA sudhI cUkatA nahi. mIrakAsama sAthe laDAI thavAnuM tAtkAlika kAraNa A hatuM." navAba mIra kAsime pote paNa A bAbatamAM kampanIne eka sakhata patra lakhyo hato. kalakattAthI kAsamabajhAra, paTanA, dhAkA vigerenAM sarva kArakhAnAmAMthI aMgreja munIma tathA temanA gumAstA, kAmadAro tathA ADatIAo mArA rAjyamAM ugharAtadAra, ijAradAra, jamInadAra, ane tAlukadAranI mAphaka varte che ane kampanIne vAvaTo caDAvIne mArA amaladArone kaMI sattA bhogavavA detA nathI. A sivAya A dareka gAmamAM, paragaNAmAM ane gAmaDAmAM A gumAstAo tela maracAM ghAsa, vAsI cokhA,DAMgara, sopArI ane bIjI cIjone vepAra kare che. ane kampanInA daskata vALe dareka mANasa kampanI jeTaleja haka pitAne che ema mAne che." mIrakAsamanI pharIyAda pAyAvALI hatI, ane kampanIno paTanAne ADatIo mi. elisa pitAnI vartaNuMkathI navAbane khAsa duzmana tha hato. ekaAminiyana vepArI upara navAbane mATe thoDAka javakhAra kharIdavAno Aropa mUkavAmAM Avyo hato. AthI kapanInA hakkane nukazAna pahoMcyuM manAyuM; ane elise ene pakaDAvIne beThI ghAlI kalakata mokalAvI dIdho. briTiza lazkaranA be sipAhIo bhAgIne navAbanA rakSaNa nIce ghIranA killAmAM rahyAnuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM. elise pitAnA nokarone A killAnI jhaDatI levA mokalyA paNa sipAhIo jaDyA nahi. AvI vartaNukanuM geravAjabIpaNuM te vakhate, vairana hesTiMgsa je te vakhate gavarnaranI sabhAno eka sabhAsada ho, te pAmI gayo hato. ane temAMthI koIka dahADe ughADa hela thaze ema te mAnato. * mIrakAsamano patra tA. 26 mI mArca sane 1762. . .

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2 prakaraNa 2 jI. elisanA saMbaMdhamAM te lakhe che keH "elisanA saMbaMdhamAM mAre zuM karavuM te mane sUjhatu N nathI. tenI navAkha taraphnI vartaNuMka kevaLa akSantavya che. jaganI dRSTie teA emaja dekhAya che ke ApaNe navAbanI sattAnI avagaNanA karIe chIe; enA amaladArAne kada karIe chIe; enA killAe sAme ApaNA sipAhIone mAkalIe chIe ane ema kahevAmAM Aveche ke a MgrejanA kArakhAnAnA munIma navAbanI subAgirIne haka svIkAratA nathI. AvAM cinha hoya tyAM kAi dahADA ughADe! dveSa thaze e nirvivAda che.' phaeNmpanInA nAkarA khAnagI vepAra, vere| ApyA vinA calAve, tenI snAme hesTiMgsa mULathI vAMdhA letA AvyA hatA ane tethI baMgALAnA leAkeAnA vepArane dharmakA pahoMce che tema te samajatA; ane te tene sArUM' lAgatuM nahi. e svArthamAM AMdhaLA thayA nahAtA, ane peAtAnA svadezIe tarapha svAbhAvika prema chatAM baMgALAnA leAkeAne thatA gerainsAphanI hAme potAnA avAja uThAvavAmAM te acakAyA na hatA. baMgALAnA gavarnarane lakhelA eka patramAM a MgrejanA nAmathI je julama vartate tenI hAme teNe sakhata vAMdhA uThAvyAche, ane te kAraNathI navAba ane a Mgreja vacce dRDha ane lAMbe vakhata nabhI zake evI maitrI bAMdhavAnA badhA prayatne mithyAja che ema spaSTa lakheche. vaLI lakheche ke " huM je je jagA AgaLa thaine jArlR tyAM tyAM grijI vAvaTA pharakatA joine mane ajAyabI thAyache." nadImAM eka paNa hADI IMgrejI vAvaTA vinAnI mArA jovAmAM AvatI nathI. game te hakkathI A vAvaTA krUrakAvavAmAM AvatA hoya paNa ATaluM to cAkkasache, ke tethI navAkhanI upajane, dezanI zAntine ane ApaNI prajAnI AbarUne nukazAna paheAMcyA vinA rahevAnuM nathI, '' " amArI AgaLa cAlatI sipAhInI mAMDaLI je lUTADha ane uddhatAIthI phArma karatI tenI mane khabara che ane tene ekalA

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23 briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. mUkyA haiAya tyAre teo kevA julama kare che. te pUrA purAvA Apeche. temanA svAmI mArI pAse ghaNI phariyAdo lAvavAmAM AvI hatI. ghaNAM kharAM nAnAM zehere ane sIrAe te| ame pahAcyA eTale khAlI thaI gayAM, te evA bhayathI ke amArA taraphathI paNa temane tevIja rIte parakhAvavAmAM Avaze. sAheba, Apa jANe che ke AvI nAnI nAnI bhUlA-udhADI phariyAda karavA jevI pazu nahi tevI najIvI bhUle ApaNe hAthe pharI pharIne thavAthIja ApaNA rAjyanA saba MdhamAM bahAra gAmanA lokeA bahuja pratikULa abhiprAya dharAvatA thayA che.' hesTiMgsa hiMdamAM dhaNA vakhata rahyA hatA ane briTizanA rAjya snAme lokA aNugamA dharAvatA te vAta barAbara jANIneja teNe lakhI hatI. A bAbatanI siyaramutakharItanA lekhaka paNa puSTi Apeche. te lakheche ke emanAmAM (aMgrejamAM) nizcaya ane hiMmatanI sAthe sAvadhAnI ane DAhApaNa che. vyUharacanAmAM ane yuddhakozalamAM paNa temanI barobarI karI zake tevA kAi nathI. ATalA badhA yuddhakaiAzalanI sAthe jo teo rAjyakalAmAM kuzala hAya, potAnI lazkarI jarUrIyAtA upara jeTaluM dhyAna Apeche ane jeTalI buddhi kharace che teTaluM dhyAna kheDu ane gRhasthavarganI jarUrIyAto upara ane khudAnA lAkane duHkhamAMthI chUTA karI sukhI karavA tarapha ApatA hata te temanA karatAM vadhAre lAyaka prajA bhAgyeja maLI Ave. paNa vatanIonA kalyANane mATe tee evA to e darakAra che ke temanI prajA jyAM tyAM pAkAra kareche ane daridra ane duHkhI thai gaIche. e khudA ! tArA du:khI nAkarAnI vAre Ava, ane temane je julamA khamavA paDeche temAMthI temane cheDava." baMgALAne navAba paNa sarakArane vAjabIpaNu pariNAme niSphaLa phariyAdo karye gayA. eka patramAM te lakheche ke kampanInA gumAstAe dareka paragaNAmAM ane dareka gUmamAM mIThuM, seApArI, dhI, cokhA, dhAsa, vAMsI, macchI, guNapATa,

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prakaraNa 2 ju. Adu, khAMDa, taMbAku, aphINa vigere ghaNI cIjono vepAra kare che. raiyatano ane vepArIne mAla teo kiMmatanA cothA bhAganA paisA ApI bhAre julame upADI jAya che, ane tevI ja rIte jora julamathI eka rUpIyAnA mAlanA pAMca rUpIyA raiyata pAsethI le che. dareka paragaNAmAM mArA amaladAro potAno amala bajAvatA baMdha thayA che ane A julamathI mArI pharaja huM bajAvI zakato nathI, tethI mane varSe divase lagabhaga pacIsa lAkha rUpiyAnuM upajamAM nukasAna che. khudAnI maherabAnIthI meM je saMdhipatra karyuM che tenI zarato meM toDI nathI tema teDavA irAde paNa nathI; tyAre aMgrejI kArakhAnAonA vaDAo mArA rAjyakArabhArane niMdApAtra banAvavAmAM ane mane nukasAna pahoMcADavAmAM zA mATe zAmila thatA haze ?" kampanInA gumAstAnAM kuno vadhAre vigatavAra hevAla sArjanTa beganA patra uparathI maLI Ave che. "eka koI gRhastha ahIM pitAne mATe kaMI mAla levA ke vecavA koI gumAstAne mokale che. te tarataja koIpaNa raiyatane pitAno mAla levA ke vecavA pharaja pADavAne potAne adhikAra maLyo ema mAnI le che. ane je sAmo mANasa azaktine lIdhe nA pADe, to kAM tene soTIo paDe che ke kedakhAnAne zaraNa thavuM paDe che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa pote je cIjane vepAra karatA hoya te cIjano vepAra bIjA koIne karavA na deva te sArU bIjuM baLa vaparAya che. ane je gAmaDAMnA loke te pramANe kare to tarata potAnI sattAno amala thAya che. vaLI je mAla teo le che te mATe paNa ghaNAmAM ghaNI maherabAnI kare te bIjA je kiMmata Ape tenA karatAM ghaNI DIja ApavI; ane vakhate tenA paisA ApavAnI nA paNa kahevI. je huM vacamAM paDuM te tarata ja phariyAda thAya. AvA julamo hameza thAya che tethI A-bAkaragaMja jevo mAhola ujajaDa thaI gayuM che. hamezAM vadhAre salAmatI vALI jagAnI dhamAM leke cAlyA * navAbane patra tA. me 1762.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa 5 jAya che ane jyAMnA bajAramAM pahelAM lakSmI ubharAtI hatI, tyAM atyAre kAMija pedA thatuM nathI. temanA paTAvALAone lAkA upara jora julama karavAnI chUTa che. ane je jamInadAra aTakAvavA Ave te tene paNa dhamakI ApavAmAM Ave che. pUrve insApha kacerImAM apAtA hatA, paNa have to dareka gumAstA nyAyAdhIza thayA che, ane darekanu ghara kacerI thai paDI che. te khuda jamInadArane zikSA sabhaLAve che, ane jamInadAranA paTAvALAe sAthe lAkhAlI thavAnuM athavA te kAMi cArI gayA che evuM kAMi ahAnuM batAvI temanI pAsethI paisA paNa kaDhAve che." eveja hevAla DAkAnA kalekTara mahamadaalIe kalakattAnA gavarnara upara lakhelA patramAM paNa maLI Ave che. ( 1 ) keTalAka vepArIo IMgrejI kArakhAnAMvALAo sAthe peAtAnuM hita joDI peAtAnA mavA upara iMgrejI vAvaTA uDADe che ane peAtAneA mAla aMgrejone mAla che evuM DALa karI jakAta vagerenI bAbatamAM phAyadA karavAnA hetuthI upADI jAya che. ( 2 ) lakapura ane DAkAnA gumAstA tamAku, rU, leTu vigere paracuraNa cItte bajAra bhAva karatAM vadhAre kimmata ApIne leAkane kharIdavAnI pharaja pADe che; ane pachI jorajulamathI paisA vasula kare che. vaLI paTAvALAone mATe bhaththAnA paisA le che ane karAra teDavA mATe daMDa paNa le che. AthI e raMga ane bIjI jagAe kevaLa ujjaDa thai gaSTha che. ( 3 ) lakIpuranA gumAstAoe tAlukadAranA ijArAnAM paragaNAM tAhasIladAra pAsethI khucAvI lIdhAM che ane have bhAga detA nathI. keTalAka lokonI uzkeraNIthI teo kai phariyAdI karavAnuM kAraNa hoya tyAM daskata ApIne yuropIyane ane sipAhIone gAmAmAM mekale che ane tyAM te tAphAna kare che. judI judI jagAoe tee cAkIe mUke che, ane garIba * putra tA. 26 me 196ra.

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prakaraNa 2 juM. lekonA gharamAMthI je hAthamAM Ave te vecAvI nAMkhe che; ane paisA pite gAMThe bAMdhe che. AvA tophAnothI deza pAyamAla thaI gayo che; loko pitAnAM gAmomAM ane gharamAM rahI zakatAM nathI ane mAla gujArI ApI zakatA nathI. (4) keTalIka jagoe mi. kevelIyare jorajulamathI navA bajAra sthApyAM che ane navAM kArakhAnAM ughADayAM che ane potAnA nAmanA khoTA sipAhIo rAkhyA che ane teo jene joie tene pakaDIne daMDe che. AvA julamagAra kRtyothI ghaNuM hATa, ghATa, paragaNuM, ujajaDa thaI gayAM che. " udyoga, jyAre Akhe aMdaranA vepAra dareka jIllAmAM kampanInA karo ane ADatIyAone lIdhe Ama avyavasthita thaI rahyuM hato tyAre je rItethI teo pAke mAla vepAra mATe meLavatA te paNa eTalI ja julamagAra hatI. mi. vilyama baTa nAmane eka aMgreja vepArI AMkhe dekhyAnA purAvAne AdhAre lakhe che ke - "have ema kahI zakAya ke kampanIne Akho aMdarano vepAra ane khAsa karIne yuropane mATe jemAM nANAM rokavAmAM AvyAM che, tene vahIvaTa eka satata julamane prasaMga thaI paDe che. AnI nukasAnakAraka asara dezanA dareka vaNakara bhogave che, kAraNa ke je mAla nIkaLe che te badhe ekahaththo karI nAMkhavAmAM Avyo che. igrejo ane temanA vANIyA ane kALA gumAstAo kaMIpaNa dheraNa vinA te mAlake kahADavo te ane tenI kismata nakkI kare che. eka gumAsto eka zaheramAM Avyo eTale eka rahevAnuM makAna le che jene te kacerI evuM nAma Ape che. tyAM pitAnA paTAvALA ane halakArAne mokalI, AvelA dalAlane ane vaNakarone bolAve che. pachI emanA zeTha pAsethI paisA ApI A vaNakara pAse amuka bhAla amuka tArIkhe amuka

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27 briTiza hiMdustAtane Arthika ItihAsa. kismate ApIzuM evA dastAveja karAvI le che; ane thoDAka paisA agAuthI Ape che. garIba bIcArA vaNakaranI kabulAta kaMI jarUranI gaNAtI nathI. kAraNa ke, jyAre gumAstA kampanInA nAmathI Ave che tyAre pitAnI marajI pramANe vaNakara pAse lakhAvI le che, ane je vaNakare paisA levAnI nA pADe te temanA lugaDAne cheDe paisA bAMdhavAmAM Ave che ane pachI mAra mArIne temane ghera ekalI devAmAM Ave che. AmAMnA keTalAka vaNakaronAM nAma kampanInA gumAstAnAM patrakamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvelAM che, ane temane bIjA koIne mATe kAma karavA detA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa jema gulAma hoya tema eka gumAstAnA patrakamAMthI bIjA gumAstAnA patrakamAM temanI badalIo thAya che ane uttarottara temane navA navA gumAstAnI luccAI ane julamane tAbe thavuM paDe che. A khAtAmAM je luccAI cAle che te kalpI paNa zakAtI nathI. paNa badhAne cheDe bIcArA vaNakarane dago devAmAM Ave che. kAraNa ke nImavAnadAronI sAthe saMpa karIne kampanInA gumAstAo mAlanI je kimata karAve che ke jAhera bajAra bhAva karatAM 15 thI 40 TakA jeTalI ochI hoya che. vaLI kampanInA ADatIAo je vaNakara karAra pramANe mAla pUro na pADI zake temanI gharavakharI mAla matA vigere japta kare che ane beTa pUrI karavA sArU harAjI karAve che, ane kAcA rezamanA kakaDAM karanArAo upara keTaleka ThekANe evA julama thAya che ke keTalAke te potAnA aMguThA kApI nAMkhyA che te eTalA sArU ke temanA upara kokaDAM karavA mATe julama na thaI zake. khetI. kArIgaronI A dazA hatI eTaluM ja nahi paNa khetInI paNa evI ja sthiti hatI. kArIgaro khetI paNa karatA hatA. "je raiyata khetI paNa kare che ane bIjo hunnara paNa kare che, teo kampanInA gumAstAonA julamathI khetI sudhArI zakatA nathI ane mahesula Apa

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prakaraNa 2 juM. vAnI paNa zakti dharAvatA nathI. mahesula na ApavAthI vasulAtI adhikArIo temanA upara julama kare che, ane ghaNIvAra to A gIdhoe temane jamInanI mahesula ApavA sArU pitAnAM chokarAM vecavAnI athavA bIjI rIte deza choDIne nAsI javAnI pharaja pADI che." ATalA utArA basa che. aMgreja gavarnara, aMgreja kAunsIlanA sabhAsada, aMgreja vepArI, navAbanI khudanI phariyAdo ane eka musalamAna itihAsakAranA lekhemAMthI A utArA lIdhA che ane A badhA judA judA sthaLomAMthI ekaja zekavArtA khaDI thAya che. baMgALAnA lokone julamano anubhava hato paNa teo AvA, gAme gAme ane jhuMpaDe jhuMpaDe ane sAthe sAthe pahoMce evA julama nIce koI divasa rahyA nahatA. sattAdhIzonAM ApakhudI kRtyone paNa temane anubhava hato paNa temanA vepAra, udyoga ane jIvanane AvI rIte dhaka pahocADanAra vyavasthita paddhatinAM duHkha temaNe pahelAM kadI joyAM hatAM emanA udyogane jharA baMdha thaI gayA, emanI lakSmInAM mULa sukAI gayAM. vAnsiTArTa ane hesTiMgsa, baMgALAmAM be aMgrejo A aniSTatAne cheDo lAvavAne mathatA hatA. te vAnsiTArTa ane hesTiMgsa. teo navAba mIrakAsamane maLI gharameLe samAdhAna karavA sArU mAMdhIra AvyA. mIrakAsama svachaMdI rAjA hato. tenI paNa buddhi svaccha hatI. pote balavAna ane svachaMdI hovAno te purA teNe Apyo hato; paNa kampanInI sAme potAnI azakita te samajato hato ane vAsiTArTa ane hesTiMgsa e beneja pitAnA mitro mAnato hato. je bAbatemAM chUTa mUkavAnI mAgaNI karavAmAM AvI te chUTo teNe mUkI ane traNe jaNuM samAdhAnI upara AvyA te A pramANe -

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29 briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. (1) darIA raste je AmadAnI athavA ravAnagI vepAra thAya tene mATe kampanInA daskata ApavA; tene kaI kanaDagata na karavI ane tenA upara kaMI jakAta na levI. ( 2 ) dezamAM ne dezamAM je vepAra cAle temAM je cIjo dezamAM pAkatI ane pedA thatI hoya tene mATe kampanInA darakata ApavA; ane tevA mAla upara nakkI karyA pramANe jakAta ApavI. A sivAya bIjI paNa sarate temAM hatI. AnA karatAM vadhAre vAjabI sarato zI hoI zake ? paNa kalakattAmAM to AnA upara eka moTuM tophAna jAgyuM. eliaTa, he, ane vacce evo abhiprAya daphatara upara no ke vAnsiTATe kabula karelA dhArA aMgreja tarIke ApaNI AbarUne dhakako pahocADe evA che; ane tamAma jAhera tathA khAnagI vepArane pAyamAla kare evA che. kAunsilanI sabhA tA. 15 mI phebruArIne roja maLI. tA. 1 lI mArca tenA upara gaMbhIra carcA thaI. e TharAva karavAmAM Avyo ke kampanInA karone aMdarano vepAra jakAta vinA calAvavAno haka che. navAbanA hakanA aMgIkAra tarIke mAtra mIThA upara aDhI TakA jakAta ApavAmAM Avaze. ane vAsiTArTanI tamAma mAla upara nava TakA jakAta ApavAnI mulata nAmaMjura karavI." A TharAvathI vAnsisTArTa ane heriTaMgsa judA paDayA. A pramANe svArthI mANasee svArtha sAcavavAno TharAva karyo. varana hesino mata nyAyI hato. hesTisanA zerAmAMthI nIcenAM thoDAM vAkyo saMbhArI rAkhavA jevAM che. huM eka ghaNI ja halakI sthitimAM hato te vakhate A dezanA lokomAM rahyo chuM. te vakhate ApaNe navAbI rAjyamAM eka gulAma jevA parataMtra hatA, te paNa navAbInA amaladAro ane jamInadAro ApaNe mATe ghaNI daragujara karatA ane kaMIka mAna paNa ApatA. tethI Aje je TharAva rAjyasabhA kare

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prakaraNa 2 ju. che te heLA anubhavathI, nyAyI nathI ema huM khAtrIthI kahuM chuM. ane umeravAnI rajA lauM chuM ke je ApaNA loke dhaNI thaI paDavAnI ane prajAne pIDavAnI dAnata na rAkhatAM vAjabI ane pramANikapaNe vepAra kare ane navAbInI vAjabI sattAne tAbe thAya te temane mAna maLe ane temanI cAhanA thAya; ane aMgrejanuM nAma ThabakAne pAtra thavAne badale sarvatra mAna pAme. ApaNA vepArathI dezane phAyado thAya ane ApaNI sattAne garIba prajAne nukasAna ane julamane tAbe karanAra eka "hAu tarIke na gaNatAM, abhayadAtA ane AzIrvAda rUpa gaNavAmAM Ave." kalakattAnI sabhAe karAra nAmaMjura karyAnuM mIrakAsame sAMbhaLyuM. ane karAra pramANe je hukama teNe kahADelA tene amala thato aMgrejoe aTakAvyuM. A vakhata thaI AvelA amArI krodhamAM mIrakAsame pUrva koI paNa rAjAe na kareluM evuM eka pagaluM bharyuM. eNe pitAnI upajanuM balidAna karyuM ane tamAma mulakI jakAta rada karI; te evA hetuthI ke pitAnI raiyata IsTaInDiyA kampanInA nekaronI sAthe sarakhA hakathI vepAra karI zake. have zuM thayuM ? mAnatAM AMcako khAvA jevuM che paNa vAta kharI che ke kalakattAnI rAjyasabhAe A pagaluM briTiza sAthe vizvAsaghAta jevuM che ema jaNAvI vAMdho lIdhe! jemsamila enA hiMdustAnanA ItihAsamAM lakhe che ke "A vakhatanI kampanInA nekaranI vartaNuMka, nyAya ane zaramanA bhAnane paNa bhulAvI nAMkhavAnI je satA, svArthanA aMgamAM rahelI che, eno eka nAma dAkhala che; ane vilsana AnA upara bhASya lakhe che ke " A kAmanA saMbaMdhamAM kaMIpaNa matabheda hoI zake nahi. vepAranA lebhathI janmelI ayaMta TuMkI najaranA svArthipaNAthI, kAunsilanA sabhAsadoe viveka-vicAra nyAyabuddhi ane rAjya nItinAM spaSTa vacanane paNa haThIlAIthI potAnI pAse

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 31 AvavA dIdhA nahi. mAtra vAnsiTArTa ane hesTiMgsa AnA apavAda hatA ane te mATe emane ghaNuM mAna ghaTe che." vAnsisTArTa ane hesTiMgsa potAnA matabhedanI aNIdAra nedha karI; eka sthaLe lakhyuM che ke, " ke, tamAma vepAra ApaNe ApaNuM hAthamAM ja rAkhavA ane ApaNe ApaNA badhA lokone mI pedA karavAmAM kAme lagAhavA, ane jamInamAM pedA thAya te cIje cIja ApaNe levI, evo TharAva kare emAM ApaNe svArtha haze; paNa A mulakanA badhA vepArIone vepAra karavAnAM sAdhano vinAnA karI mUkavAnA ApaNe prayatnamAM navAba ApaNI "zAmilagirI karaze e dhAravA jevuM nathI." A zabda A prakaraNamAM zAM zAM pariNAmo samAyelAM hatAM teno kharo khyAla Ape che. kampanInA kare, pitAne mATe khAnagI samRddhi bheLI karavAnA hetuthI, eka saMpatti vALA ane sudharelA dezanA vatanIo pAsethI, pRthvI uparanI badhI sudharelI prajA niHzaMka rIte bhagave che evA, niraMkuza khetI ane niraMkuza vANijyanA hake, je A eka sArA ane narasA rAjyataMtramAM paNa bhogavatA hatA, te hako chInavI levAnI IcchA karatA hatA. kampanInA nokarone eka be cIjanA vepArane ananyAdhikAra joIne nahIM, paNa badhI cIjomAM pitAnA vepAra ane svadezI vyApArIonA vepAranI vacce e aMtara karavA IcchatA hatA ke jethI pariNAme baMgALAnA lokonA, mAnavasamAjanA sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya haka, paNa nAbuda thAya. paradezI vepArIoe eka moTA ane AbAda dezanA tamAma vepArane pitAnA hAthamAM levAno A sarvadezI dA hathiyAranA baLathI karyAne eka paNa bIjo dAkhalo ItihAsamAM bhAgye ja maLI Avaze. navAba mIrakAsama A dAvAnI sAme thayo ane pariNAmamAM laDAI thaI. heni vAnsiTArTa je mIrakAsamanA baMgALAnA rAjya daramIyAna (176 - 1765 sudhI) kalakattAnA gavarnara hatuM te A paristhitinA saMbaMdhamAM nIce pramANe lakhe che

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32 prakaraNa 2 ju. eNe kampanInAM karaja patAvI dIdhAM, pitAnA lazkaranI pAchalI ugharANI ApI dIdhI. pitAnA darabAranAM khara kamI karyA, ane IlAkAnI zAntine vAraMvAra vinamAM nAMkhanAra jamInadAranI sattA ochI karIne mulaka upara pitAnI sattA niHzaMka karI. A badhuM joIne mane bahu AnaMda thaye; kAraNake huM jANato hato ke mane jema ApaNI madatanI jarUra ochI paDe tema ApaNAM kharaca ochAM thaze ane ApaNe ApaNo mulaka vadhAre sArI rIte saMbhALI zakIzuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa ApaNe ubhayanA duzmana sAme jyAre joIze tyAre upayogI ane vizvAsapAtra mitra tarIke enA upara AdhAra rAkhI zakIzuM. mane khAtrI hatI ke jyAM sudhI ApaNe enA hakanI dabAvaNuM karIzuM nahi ane enI rAjyasattAne pajavIzuM nahi tyAM sudhI e ApaNI hAme yuddha karavAnI IcchA karaze nahi. ane kharekhara kalahano prasaMga na ApavAne mATe e hamezAM bahuja sAvacetI rAkhato te eTale sudhI ke ApaNuM gumAstAonA geravAjabI lebhathI ane ApaNuM khAnagI vepAranA saMbaMdhamAM ApaNe no dAvo karyo tethI, takarAra thaI tyAM sudhI, ane yuddhanI zarUAta sudhI, paNa ApaNane ApelI jamInamAM eka mANasa mokalyAno ke ApaNuM vepAranI eka cIjamAM ApaNane kanaDagata karyAno dAkhalo dekhAto nathI; ane javakhAranA kAmanI elisanI DhoLa caDAvelI eka be phariyAda sivAya, kaMI paNa daramiyAnagirI vagara ApaNo pAra dareka ThekANe samAdhAnIthI cAlyo Avyo che. je gRhasthoe enA sAme pakSe bAMdhyo hato. temanI vartaNuMka keTalI judI hatI ? je divasathI tene subAgirI upara caDAvavAmAM Ave teja tArIkhathI navAM bAnAM batAvIne tenI rAjyasattA upara ghA karavAnI, enA amaladArone pakaDavAnI, ane emane gALo daIne bIjI rIte trAsa ApavAnI taka lIdhA vinA eka paNa divasa bhAgyeja gaye haze. AnA dAkhalA batAvavAnI kaMI jarUra nathI; A hevAlane pAne pAne e jovAmAM Avaze."

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 33 A pustakamAM kampanInAM lazkarI parAkramano hevAla ApavAno hetu nathI. sane 1763 mAM mIrakAsama sAthe je laDAI thaI tenA pariNAma bAbata pahelethI ja kAMI zaMkA nahatI. maMgALA mIkAsama Igreja sAme baMgALAnA koIpaNa rAjAnA karatAM vadhAre sArI rIte laDo, paNa gherIyA ane unALA AgaLa teNe hAra khAdhI. krodhanA AvezamAM paTanA AgaLa keda karelA Igreja kedIone teNe katala karavAne hukama Ape ane pachI potAnuM rAjya hamezane mATe cheDI cAlatA tha. gharaDe mIrajAphara jene 1760 mAM rAjyamAMthI khaseDavyo hato tene aMgrejo pharIthI navAba banAvyo; paNa e thoDe kALe marI gayo, ane enA anarasa putra nAma-ud-daulAne 1765 mAM tAbaDatoba navAba banAvI dIdhuM. navA navAbane gAdIe besADavAnA dareka prasaMge ApaNuM A prAcIna ka5vRkSane khaMkheravAnI taka levAmAM AvatI hatI. plAsInA yuddha pachI 17pa7 mAM jyAre mIrajApharane navAba banAvyo tyAre briTiza amaladAre ane briTiza sainyane 1,238, 575 pAuMDa maLyA hatA, jemAMthI kalAIve 31500 pAuMDa lIdhAnuM kabula karyuM hatuM ane te sivAya teNe baMgALAmAM maTI jAgIra lIdhI hatI. 1760 mAM mIrakAsamane navAba banAvyA tyAre briTiza amaladAne 2,00,268 pAuMDa maLyA hatA, AmAMthI 58,333 pAuMDa khuda vAsiTArTane maLyA. jyAre 1763 mAM mIrajApharane bIjIvAra navAba banAvavAmAM AvyuM tyAre 5,00,165 pAuMDa jeTalI rakama vaheMcAI hatI. ane have jayAre 1765 mAM nAjImuddaulAne navAba banAvyo tyAre 2,30, 356 pAuMDa pizAkamAM vaheM. A pramANe pozAka tarIke maLelI rakama sivAya bIjI paNa 3,70,833 pAuMDanI rakama jude jude prasaMge levAmAM AvI hatI. A badhI rakamane saravALe 59,40,488, pAuMDa thavA jAya che.

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34 prakaraNa 2 jI. A rakamA paheAMcyAnuM 1772-73 mAM hAusa oNfa kaumansanI kiMmaTIe calAvelI tapAsa daramiyAna purAvAthI athavA aMgIkaraNathI sAbIta thayuM hatuM. kalAne peAtAnI vartaNuMkanuM vAjabIpaNuM nIce pramANe batAvyuM. "meM A vAta kASTha divasa chAnI rAkhI nathI. paNa inDiyAnA kAryAdhyakSAnI mantrIsabhAne huM je patra lakhatA temAM spaSTa rIte lakhate ke navAbanI udaratAthI mArI samRddhi jAmI gai che, ane kampanInu hita eja eka hiMdamAM rahevAne mArA hetu che......kampanInI nekarImAM mArI jI MdagI vAraMvAra jokhamamAM nAMkhyA pachI temane nukasAna na thAya tevI rIte samRddhi sapAna karavAnA ekaja prasaMga AvyA te vakhate mAre siddha thaIne besavuM evu kampanI zI rIte dhArI zake ? kAraNa ke huM ochuM lauM tene lIdhe kampanIne kaMija vadhAre maLavAnuM nahatuM.' kalAvane evuM sUjhayuMja nahi ke te samRddhi nhAtI kampanInI ke nhAtI tenI potAnI. te dezanI hatI ane svadezIonA kalyANane mATe ja vaparAvI jotI hatI. tepaNa isTa inDiyA kampanIne insA' karavAnI khAtara kahevuM joie ke najarANAne nAme paisA kaDhAvavAnI rIta virUddha emaNe pagalAM bharyAM ane emanA nekarA bagALAmAM je mulakI vepAra calAvatA te paNa nApasa Mda karyo. 1765 mAM pe|zAka levAnI manAi karI ane kampanInA nAkarAe mulakI vepAra na karavA, e hukamane amala karavA sArU pharIthI kalApravate mAkalyA. te hukama baMgALAmAM AvI gayA hatA ane kampanInA nAkA pAse karAvI levAnAM khatA taratamAM AvavAnAM hatAM. vakhata khAvAnA avakAza nahAtA eTale kalakattAnI rAjyasabhAe jhaDapathI nAjImuddolAne gAdIe besADI dIdhA ane chelachellA pAzAkA lai lIdhA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 35 2. lArDa kalAiva ane te pachInA gavarnare. 1765nA varSathI hiMdustAnanA ItihAsamAM eka navA yugane AraMbha thAya che. A varSamAM lorDa kalAiva trIjIvAra hiMdamAM Avyo ane moghala bAdazAha pAse kampanInI baMgALAnA divAna tarIke nImaNuMka karAvI. moghala bAdazAha kaMI vAstavika sattA dharAvatA nahotA paNa hajI te hiMdanA IlakAbI bAdazAha hatA ane emanA paTAthI isTa inDiyA kampanIne A dezamAM kAyadesara sthiti maLI. lorDa kalAIvane bahu muzkela kAma karavAnuM hatuM. kampanIne vahIvaTa bagaDI gayo hato, tenA nokaro rUzvatakhora hatA, ane raiyata upara julama thato hato. thoDA vakhatanA arasAmAM A badhuM sudhAravAnuM kAma kalAIvane karavAnuM hatuM. AnA saMbaMdhamAM 1765 nA sapTembaranI trIsamI tArIkhe kalAI kampanInA kAryAdhyakSone eka patra lakhyo che te hiMdanA vahIvaTane saMbaMdhamAM prasiddha thayelA patramAM bahu dhyAna ApavA lAyaka patra che. lakhe che ke ra mArA AvyA pachI mane mAluma paDayuM ke ahIne Apane vahIvaTa e te viparIta thaI gayo che ke svArthanI dhUnamAM kartavya ane pratiSThAnI buddhi khoI na beThA hoya evA koI paNa mANaso tenAthI camakyA vinA rahe nahi. ghaNAonA hAthamAM ekadama lakSmI AvI gayAthI dareka prakArane mojazokha dAkhala thayo che ane te paNa hada bahArano. AkhA ilAkAmAM dareka khAtAnA mANasomAM A badIo lagolaga jovAmAM Ave che. tAbAnA dareka adhikArIne paiso meLavavAnuM mana thAya che, te eTalA mATe ke enI ane uparI ane maladAranI vacce paisAnI nyUnatAne lIdhe je aMtara rahyuM che te aMtara maTI jAya, ane pote paNa eTaleja rUAba dhAraNa karI zake." ApanA nokaro potAnI bhavRtine saMtuSTa karavAnAM je sAdhano maLI jAya tene lAbha le athavA ApanI sattAnA jorathI sAdI rUzvatathI bhUkha na

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36 prakaraNa 2 jI. maTe tyAM jabarAIthI paisA kaDhAvavAmAM potAnA adhikArane upayoga kare temAM kAMI ja navAI nathI. jyAre uparIo AvI rItano dAkhalo besADe tyAre pitAnA gajA pramANe tAbAnA mANaso paNa temane pagale pagale cAle e svAbhAvika che. A badI cepI hatI ane vahIvaTa temaja lazkarI khAtAnA nAnethI moTA adhikArI sudhI ane khAnagI vepArI sudhI paNa phelAI hatI. A prasaMge mane be rastA sUjhayA. eka sIdho ane saraLa; jemAMthI mane paNa aDhaLaka samRddhi ane bIjA meTA lAbha maLI zake; bIje na ane Dagale Dagale viddhathI bharapUra. je dhoraNe kAryabhAra-vyavasthA cAlatI hatI teja dheraNe huM paNa rAjyataMtra hAthamAM lauM to te banI zake tevuM hatuM eTale nAmano gavarnara rahI te jagAnAM mAna pratiSThAno nAza thato cAlu rahevA devAne dhoraNe 4 4 paNa eka bIjo pratiSThAvALo rasto paNa mArI AgaLa ubho hato; te e ke mane lalacAvavAnI asaMkhya yukitaone lAta mArIne mAre zuddha rahevuM; sudhAro karavA janAranI jAta sAme Sa ane krodhanA AvezamAM je je humalA thAya che te humalAne mATe mArI jAtane medAnamAM mukavI ane AkhA saMsthAnanI apriyatA varI levI; jo Ama karuM to mArI jagAnI pharaja bajAvavAnI mArAmAM zakita che tenuM mane bhAna hatuM. A bemAMthI kayo rasta pasaMda karavo te bAbata mane kSaNa paNa AnAkAnI thaI nahi. nizcaya khaMta ane khamIranI jemAM ghaNI jarUra paDe te bhAra meM mArA khabhA upara uThAvya, ane A pramANe pasaMdagI karIne je phateha maLe te mArA jAtibhAIonI pratiSThA ane kampanInuM astitva sthira thaze evA vicAramAM AnaMda mAnI sarva yatna karavAno meM nizcaya karyo. "12 kampanInA nokaronI sattAthI kAmakAja karatA yuropiyana ane kALA AratIyAoe julama ane trAsanAM je dvAra ughADyAM che tene mATe IMjanA nAmane A dezamAM hamezane mATe baTTo raheze. paraMtu have A bAbatane aMta lAve ane ApaNane hajI sudhI nahi maLelA evA lAbhanuM mULa thAya, evI eka

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. bInAne astitvamAM lAvavA huM zaktivAna thayo chuM, te vicAratAM mane bahu sa Sa thAya che. te bInA te baMgALa bihAra ane oDhiyAnI tamAma jamInanI dekharekha rAkhavA ane tenI tamAma mahesula ugharAvavAno haka eTale divAnInuM saMpA dana. meghala bAdazAhane ApaNe nANunI ane mANasanI je madada vakhato vakhata karI hatI tenA badalAmAM A haka ApaNane ApavAmAM emaNe nAra lagADI nahi. ane te kAma ApaNane saMtoSa thAya tevIja rIte pAra utAryuM che. navAbane mAna maratabo ane tenI sattAne nabhAvane mATe je sAlIyANuM ApavuM paDe che ane meghala bAdazAhanI jamAbaMdI niyamasara ApaNe ApavI; te sivAya je vadhAro rahe te kampanIne. A kamANIthI ApanI tamAma upaja aDhI karoDa jeTalI thaze. ane temAM vakhate vIsa trIsa lAkhane paNa vadhAro thaze. ApanuM vahIvaTa tathA lazkarI kharaca zAntinA vakhatamAM sATha lAkhathI vadhAre nathI. navAbanuM sAlIyANuM ghaTADIne cALIsa lAkha karyuM che. moghala bAdazAhanI jamAbaMdInA chavIsa lAkha che eTale ApaNe eka karoDa ne bAvIsa lAkha rUpIA athavA seLa lAkha pacAsa hajAra navase pAuMDa jeTalo cokho vadhAro raheze. 16. hiMdustAnamAM paga mUke te vakhatathI ApanA tamAma nekarane pitAnuM kharaca barAbara kADhI zake eTalo pagAra Apa, ane jema jema temanI pAyarI caDhatI jAya tema tema temAM vadhAre kare. * * * navA niyamo pramANe vahANamAMthI, vepAranA navA hakomAMthI, ane mIThuM, sepArI ane tamAkumAMthI je napho thaze temAMthI, je vadhAro thaze te dvArA A bAbata amalamAM mukavAmAM aDacaNa Avaze nahi. "19. A vahIvaTI bAbata thaI. have lazkarI bAbatamAM mArA vicAro jaNAvavAnI rajA lauM chuM. ahIMyAM je dUSaNa che te e che ke lazkarI sattAdhArIo vahIvaTI sattAnA pradezamAM pagapesAro kare che ane temanI sattAthI svataMtra thavAno yatna kare che + + + mAre mata e che ke AkhuM lazkara vahIvaTa sattAnA tAbAmAM ja rahevuM joIe. jo koI vAra lazkarI khAtuM uparIpaNuM

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prakaraNa 2 jI. dhAraNa karavA jAya te, gavarnara ane tenI sabhAe, pete kampanInA sa MsthAnanA nikSepI che ane eka vahIvaTI saMsthAnI nIce jAhera mAla milakatanA vAlI che, evI buddhi rAkhIne athAka mahenata levI joIe" x x X * kalAvanA A zabdomAM navA yuganAM lakSaNe ApaNane spaSTa thAya che. atyAra sudhI kampanI mAtra vepArIja hatI ane jo ke plAzInA yuddhathI te baMgALAnA vastutAe dhaNI thayA hatA te paNa A divAnInA paTAthIja vahIvaTa karavAnA kAyadesara haka temane maLyA. A navuM kataeNvya bajAvavA saMbadhI kalAve je darakhAstA karI hatI te ApaNe joi gayA. vahIvaTa temaja lazkarI khAtAnA sudhArAte arthe eNe karelA prayatne mATe itihAsakArA ene je mAna Ape che te vAjakhI che; paNa jyAre tenI yAjanAnuM khAsa lakSaNa ApaNe dhyAnamAM laie tyAre ApaNe joie chIe ke te briTiza rAjyakartAonA svArthane uddezIne ghaDAyalI che, svadezIonA hitane uddezIne nahi. baMgALAne eka jAgIra tarIke isTa inDiyA kampanIne mATe upajanA eka mULa tarIke lekhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. traNa karoDa mANasa pAsethI kara udharAvIne kharaca ane sAlIyANAM bAda karatAM je vadhe te dezanA hita mATe dezamAM kharacavAnuM na hatuM paNa kampanInA naphA tarIke iMglaMDa mokalAvAtuM hatuM. eka tAbAnA mulakamAMthI kampanInA bhAgIdArA mATe varSovarSa paMdara lAkha pAuDa jeTalI rakama paradeza mAkalavAnI hatI. eka garIba prajA pAsethI udharAvelI mahesulamAMthI duniyAmAMnI sahuthI vadhAre tavaMgara prajA tarapha sAnAnI eka satata nadI vahevarAvavAnI te yojanA hatI. 38 Ama ApaNe joie chIe ke ApaNA dezanI rAjyavyavasthAnI pahelIja ceAjanAmAM Arthika apavAhanA Ara Mbha thayA, je atyAre kareADA pAuMDa sudhI pahocyA che. briTiza hathiyAra tehamaMda thayAM, ane briTizAe vyavasthAsara rAjyapaddhati dAkhala karI prajAne zAnti ApI, nyAya ApyA, pAzcimAya * hAusa epha komansanI miDhIne trIjo ripeArTa 1973 e 391 thI 398,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 39 zikSaNa ApyuM, e badhAne mATe temanAM je vakhANa karavAmAM Ave che te bezaka yathArtha che paNa hiMda ane iMglaMDano nANAM saMbaMdhI vyavahAra prathamathI ja geravAjabI cAlato Avyo che; ane, ApaNe deza bahALI sAdhana saMpattivALo chatAM, phalakapa jamInavALo chatAM, ugazIla vastIvALo chatAM, briTiza rAjyanA doDha varSanA vahIvaTa pachI duniyAmAM garIbamAM garIba deza thaI rahyA che. kampanIne mATe paMdara lAkha jeTale vArSika napho saMpAdana karIne paNa kalAivane saMtoSa na tha hoya, tema, teNe kampanInA nokaronA naphA mATe baMgALAno vepAra sAcavI rAkhavAne Agraha karyo. A khAnagI vepArane aMge to julama aTakAvavA teNe pagalAM bharyA, paraMtu kevaLa vepArathI baMgALAnA aMgrejone ghaNo naphe AvanAra hato tethI kalAve te choDI de durasta dhAryo nahi. kampanI virUddha che ema jANyA chatAM kalAiva, mIThuM, sopArI ane taMbAkuno aMdarano vepAra calAvavAne kRttanizcaya hato. sane 1765 nA sapTembaranI 18 mI tArIkhe kampanInA hukamane anAdara karIne bIjA nokaronI sAthe bhAgamAM joDAine teNe pate upale vepAra calAvavAno eka dastAveja karI Ape. A dastAvejamAM eka phakaro A pramANe che:- vaLI evI sarata karIe chIe ke-je upara lakhI IglaMDanI kampanInA kAryAdhyakSanI sabhA e kaI hukama kahADe athavA kare ke jethI upalo sahityAre vepAravaNaja teDI nAkhavAne ke tadana baMdha karavAne AjJA ke sUcanA thAya, athavA te vepAravaNaja ke tenA koI bhAgano vepAra calAvavAmAM kaMI harakata Ave ane te cAlate baMdha thaI jAya; athavA jemAM upara lakhyA dastAvejamAM nirdezelAM batAvelAM athavA samAyelAM sara, vAkyo, haka, niyamo ke karAro athavA temAMnA koInI virUddha kAMI hoya, ke jethI te gerakAyade ane asara vinAnuM thaI jAya; te A dastAvejamAMnA ame robarTa lorDa kalAiva te pramukha tarIke ane viliyama brAITavela samanara vagere te, upara lakhI pherTa

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40 prakaraNa 2 juM. viliyamanI rAjyasabhA tarIke, tamane, eTale viliyama brAITa vela samanara, heniMrAlpha lesTara, ane jorja gre, ane bIjA bhAgadAra je A ekahaththA sahiyAro vepAra calAvavAne hakadAra hoya ke have pachI thAya, temane athavA temanA vArasa vAlI ane vakIlene sArI ane kharI rIte, ijAmAMthI bacAvIzuM, ane nukazAna thaze te bharI ApIzuM; ane te pramANe karavA ame baMdhAIe chIe; ane upara kahyA tevA kaI paNa, A karAranI virUddha hukama nIkaLaze ke tevI sUcanA thaze te chatAM ame eka varSane mATe uparano eka sahiyAre vepAra cAlatuM rAkhIzuM, calAvIzuM ane calAvavA pharaja pADIzuM; athavA cAlate rakhAvIzuM calAvarAvIzuM, ane calAvavA pharaja paDAvIzuM, ane tema karavA A uparathI baMdhAIe chIe." lorDa kalAIvane 30 mI sapTembarane patra maLyA pachI kampanInA kAryAdhyakSonI sabhAe kalakattAnI kamiTIne 17 mI me 176 6 nI tArIkhano javAba lakhyuM ane tenI sAthe lorDa kalAivane eka khAnagI patra lakhyuM. kAryAdhyakSa sabhAe lairDa kalAivana enI moTI sevAne mATe ArTa zabdomAM upakAra mAnya; ane baMgALa, bihAra ane orisAnI divAnIne aMgIkAra karyo. paNa sabhAne mATe ghaNuM mAnaprada che ke teNe oNrDa kalAive ghaDI kahADelI AMtara vepAranI yojanA rada karI, lakhe che ke - pizAka tarIke je je rakama lIdhI che tenA saMbaMdhamAM amArA vicAre khAsa kamiTInA amArA patramAM ame batAvyA che, ane ame ATaluM umeravAnI jarUra dhArIe chIe ke vepAramAM je puSkaLa saMpatti saMpAdana karI che te koI paNa dezakALamAM nahi jANelI evI julama ane trAsanI paddhati thI thayelI che. A bAbatamAM amArA vicAro ane hukame ame A vAta jANI tyArathI eka sarakhA che. ane A vepAramAM je trAsadAyaka julame thayA che tene anubhava thayA pachI kamiTInA rajakAmamAM nedhelI saMkucita ane vyavasthita rIte paNa vepAra calAvavAnI bAbatamAM ame anumodana Ape

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, 41 zakatA nathI; ane ame dhArIe chIe ke tethI Apa nAmadArane vismaya thaze nahi. $$ kampanInA nAkarI taraphathI cAlatA AMtara vepAranA sabaMdhamAM kampanI kaiAi divasa elathu khelI nathI. 1764 nA 8 mI phebruArInA patramAM temaNe tevA vepAranI manA karI hatI, ane 176panA 15 mI phebruArInA patramAM paNa teja nizcaya sAthe te manAnuM punarAvartana karyuM hatuM; paNa hiMdustAnamAM te manA nAkarAe tenI kaMIja darakAra karI nahatI. have 1766 nA 17 mI menA patramAM lArDa kalAIvanI yeAjanA pramANe vepAra calAvavAnI majurI emaNe ApI nahi, chatAM te hukama temaNe na mAnyA; ane karArA thaI gayA che, nANAM dhIrAI gayAM che, evAM bahAnAM kADhI e varSa sudhI vepAra calAvye gayA. lorDa kalAive sane 1767 mAM A deza cheDayA. ane mi. varlDa gavarnara thayA, jemaNe 1770 sudhI amala bhAgavyo. temanA pachI kArTiyara AvyA te 177ra sudhI rahyA. vara ane kArTiyaranI kArakIrdimAM prathama je julama cAlatA hatA. te kAyamaja raheA. kalAive rAjyataMtranI je vyavasthA karI hatI te evaDA amalanI vyavasthA hatI. mahesulanI udharAta hajI navAbanA rAjya kAza mATe thatI; nyAya hajI navAbanA amaladArane hAthe apAtA hatA; ane dareka kAmakAjamAM navAbanI sattAnuM miSa AgaLa dharavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. paNa badhA naphA isTa inDiyA kampanI ke je atyAre A AkhA mulakanA vAstavika dhaNI havA, temane ja jatA. kampanInA nAkarA potAnA khAnagI naphAne mATe behuda julama gujArye jatA hatA;-navAbanA nAkarAne ThThIvarAvIne, ane navAbanI nyAyasabhAne peAtAnA hita mATe trAsasabhA banAvIne. iMgreja gavarnara A jAtA, tene vakhADatA, paNa kaipaNa upAya karavAnuM tenAmAM sAmarthya naheAtuM. gavarnara vasyuM lakheche ke ame ApaNI ane navAkhInI vaccenAM anyatA taddana teADI nAMkhyAM ane keAnI ANu mAnavI e bAbatamAM dezIe sabhramamAM paDyA. sattA AvI vibhakata ane guMcavAyalI hAvAthI khIje kAi ""

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ra prakaraNa 2 ja. paNa samaye nahi ubhI thai hoya tevI khaTapaTa ubhI thai ane jora julama thavA lAgyA. navAkhInA amaladArAne cepa lAgyA, ane kAi paNa tAtkAlika kAbu na rahyA tethI vadhAre vadhAre nIDaratAthI kAma letA gayA.*'' khetI, e hamezAM baMgALAnA lokAne upavikAnuM mukhya sAdhana hatuM; paNa kampanInA nokaroe dAkhala karelA mahesulI dobastanI navI rItathI te bahu utarI gai. ghaNA junA vakhatathI baMgALAnI jamIna vaMzapara parAnA jamInadArAnA hAthamAM hatI. temane bhAyAta paTAvatAnA jevI sattA ApavAmAM AvI hatI; eTale, navAbane jamAbaMdI bharavI, jarUrane prasa Mge lazkarI ne karI ajAvavI, ane potapotAnI jAgIramAM leka upara vAstavika rAjyasattA bhAgavavI. temanI raiyata ane jamIna vAvanArA temane ' rAjA ' gaNatA; te ba Mdobasta rAkhatA, kayAonuM nirAkaraNa karatA, ane gunhegArane zikSA karatA. teo dharmane uttejana ApatA ane dharmiSTha mANasane vRtti bAMdhI ApatA; teo vidyA kaLAtu pASaNa karatA ane sAkSarane uttejana ApatA. sattaramA saikAnA murazedakulI ane aDhAramA saikAnA mIrakAsana jevA Apakhuda navAbAe A jamInadAre ne leDhAne hAthe, nIcAvyA hatA; paNa temaNe teene kAi dahADA temanI jAgIramAMthI kahADI mukyA nahatA, kemake rIvAja pramANe jAgI vaMzaparaMparAnI manAtI hatI. paraMtu kampanInA nekarAe davAna ane midanApuramAM, sane 1760 mAM mIrakAsama pAsethI temane te paragaNAM maLyA pachI, navI rIta dAkhala karI; temaNe mAmulI hakAnI kaMipaNa darakAra karyA vinA upaja vadhAravAne mATe A jAgIrA harAjIthI vecI--ane tenAM bahu zAkakAraka pariNAmA AvyAM. mi. varlDsa A vAtane nirdeza karIne lakheche ke " A harAjImAM nirdhana ane pratiSThA vinAnA mANase e bhAga lIdhA, ane keTalAka ijArAnA sabadhamAM te jyAre prathamanA ijAradArA dharabAra cheDI devAte nArAja hAvAthI, * gavarnara varsTanA patra tA. 19-12-1769

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 43 kharI kiMmatanA karatAM vadhAre mAgaNI ApI cUkyA, tyAre A navA mANa sAe tarata kabaje levAnI dAnate, te mAgaNIone paNa vadhArI dIdhI. kAraNa ke temane te kaMI khAvAnuM nahatuM. AthI asaMkhya luTArAonA paMjAmAM leka AvI gayuM, ane temane luMTIluMTIne ja A navA ijAradAro pahelA varSanI mahesula bharI zakyA.'' AgaLa ApaNe joizuM ke A navI ane julamI paddhati oNranahesTiMgsa AgaLa upara AkhA baMgALAmAM prasArI ane tenA pariNAmamAM bhAre bedIlI, avyavasthA ane duHkha pedA thayAM. vara ane kArTiyaranA amalamAM jamInanI mahesula atyaMta sakhtAIthI ugharAvavAmAM AvatI kAraNa ke temane daraTa, iDyA kampanInI mAgaNIo pUrI pADyA vinA cAle tema na hatuM. gavarnara varlDa kapanInI dhuraMdharasabhA upara lakhe che "ATalA sArU huM vAraMvAra darakhAsta karI cUkyo chuM te pramANe, jyAre emanI jamIna ApaNA vahIvaTamAM Ave tyAre ghaNAMkharAM paragaNAonI mahesula ApaNe kamI karI nAMkhavI e bahu jarUranuM che. kAraNa ke tema karavAthI khetImAM sudhArA vadhArA karavAnuM lokane uttejana maLaze. huM ApanI mahesulanI sarva zAkhAonA ane ApanA mulakanAM sarva paragaNAMone ogaNIsa varSanA anubhava pachI bAMdhelo mAro abhiprAya, ApanI rajAthI, jAhera karuM chuM ke ApanI mahesulamAM kaMIpaNa vAstavika vadhAre karavAnuM atyaMta muzkela che." ananyAdhikAra ane vinigrahanI rAjyapaddhatimAM vepAra ane udyoga paNa ghaTI gayA. prathama kampanInA dhuraMdharamaMDaLe pitAnA nekarone aTakAvavAno yatna karyo hato, paNa have te teoe piteja vadhAre gaMbhIra sAhasa karyuM. briTiza vaNakarone baMgALAnA vaNakaronI irSyA thaI ane temaNe, IMgle * View of the Rise &c. of the English Government in Bengal; by Harry Verelst Late Governor of Bengal. London P. 70. + varTana patra korTa opha DirekaTara upara 1768,

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prakaraNa 2 juM. DanA vaNakarane uttejana ApavA sArU, baMgALAnA vaNakarone dAbI devAne buddhipuraHsara yatna karavAmAM, kapanInI navI sattAno durupayoga karyo. 1768 nA 17 mI mArcanA temanA patramAM teo lakhe che ke, "baMgALAmAM kAcuM rezama pedA karavAnuM uttejana ApavuM, ane rezamane mAla banato jema bane tema aTakAva." temaNe evI paNa bhalAmaNa karI ke "rezamanA vaNanArAone ApaNAM kArakhAnAmAM kAma karavAnI pharaja pADavI; ane pitAnA padarathI pitAnA gharamAM kAma karatAM aTakAvavAM jha" A niyamathI ghaNo phAyado thayela che. tethI khAsa karIne vIMTanArAo jeo pahelAM pitAnA gharamAM kAma karatA, teo have ApaNuM kArakhAnAmAM kAma karavA AvavA lAgyA che. A vIMTanArAone emane ghera kAma karavA devAM nahi, tema karavA karatAM vadhAre sArUM te e che ke vIMTavAnuM kAma karatAM ja temane baMdha karavAM; ane have sarakAranI sattAthI sarvathA aTakAyata karIne ane nahIM mAnanArane sakhta zikSA TharAvIne-te tadana baMdha karavAnuM barAbara banI zakaze." khAsa kamiTI lakhe che ke-A patramAM baLa ane uttejananI sajajaDa yukti batAvavAmAM AvI che. ane kharekhara tethI baMgALAno uga ghaNe aMze nAza thavo joIe. tenI asarathI te dezanuM AkhuM aughogika svarUpaja pharI jaze ane hinda, greTa briTananA udyoganA upayoga sArU kAco mAla pedA karavAnuM eka khetara banaze." ApaNe jema jema AgaLa jatA jaIzuM tema tema joIzuM ke pacAsa varSa ane tethI paNa vadhAre mudata sudhI ApaNA deza tarapha iMglaMDanI A niyatA nIti hatI; AmanI sabhA rUbarU tenuM spaSTa vivecana karavAmAM AvatuM, ane 1833 ane te pachInAM varSomAM utsAhabhera amalamAM mUkAtI; tethI x hAusa opha komansanI silekTa kamiTIne inDiyAnI nyAya vyavasthA upara navamo riporTa 1783; e. 37. * navame riporTa 1783; pA. 64,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 45 karIne Igreja kArakhAnadArone moTo napho thaye; ane hiMdanA ghaNuM rASTrIya ughego nirmala thayA. paNa ApaNA dezane vadhArAmAM vadhAre nukazAna te e hatuM ke kampanIno na ane bIjA dezomAM temanAM kharca upADavA sArU baMgALAno vArSika apavAha jArI rahyA; kampanInA hAthamAM divAnagirI AvyA pachI baMgALAnI upaja kharacanuM cha varSanuM patraka 1773 nA AmanI sabhAnA hevAlamAM ApeluM che, jemAMthI nIcenuM koSTaka taiyAra karyuM che. 'meghalanI peza kI vahIvaTa ane r* zI navAbanuM sArI | jale upaja. lIyANuM ane cAnI kIllA vana kharI. lazkarI makA-vArSika sIlaka lu kharaca bAda garanuM kharaca. 4 pAuMDa. 4 pAuMDa. | karatAM vadhyuM che.' PS pAuDa.] 4 pAuDa. 1765-1766 | methI eprila sudhI. 2258227 16814ra7 | 121036 471067 1766-1767 385817 | 2527594 12740931253501 1767-1768 3608099 2359005 1487383 871622 1764-1769 3787ra07 2402181 1573129 828062 1764-177 3341976 2089368 1752556 336812 970-1771 3332343 2007117 1732088 275088 kula.| 20133579 13066761 094037152

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prakaraNa 2 juM. A AMkaDA uparathI jaNAya che ke varSovarSa baMgALAnI kharI upajano trIjo bhAga deza bahAra mokalAvavAmAM Avato hato. paNa dezamAMthI vAstavika apavAha ghaNo moTo hato. vahIvaTa ane lazkarI kharIne moTo bhAga amaladAronA pagAranA svarUpamAM hato ane teo potAnI tamAma bacata hindanI bahAra mokalatA. svadezI vepArIone potAnA gharanA vepAra udyogamAMthI bAtala karIne jemaNe moTI samRddhio jamAvI hatI, teo paNa varSovarSa te dhana A dezanI bahAraja mekalatA. A vAstavika apavAhana kharA AMkaDA te gavarnara vaccuM tAravI kahADelA AmadAnI ravAnagInA 1766-1767-68 nA AMkaDAja hovA joIe. te A pramANe che.* AmadAnI. ravAnagI. PS pAuMDa. PS pAuMDa. 624375 6,311,250 bIjA zabdomAM ApaNA dezamAMthI AmadAnI karatAM dasa gaNI ravAnagI thaI. mi. varsTa paMDe paNa AnuM gaMbhIrapaNuM joI zakayA hatA, ane baMgAnAnI Arthika sthiti upara tenAthI thayelI mAThI asaranI hakIkata ApavAmAM emane kadI paNa kaMTALo Avato nahi. teo lakhe che ke "AgaLa ApaNe je rakamo dilhI mokalatA tene badale baMgALAnA vhoLA vepArathI ApaNane kyArano maLI gayo che. navAbanA rAjyanI atyAranI sthiti kevI che? badhI yuropiyana kampanIo ahIthI nANAM meLavIne x View of the Rise &c. of Eng govt. in Bengal App, P. 117.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 47 pitAnI vArSika ravAnagImAM vadhAre kyAM jAya che ane A IlAkAnI samRddhimAM eka rUpiyo paNa umerAto nathI." A ilAkA upara dareka dizAmAMthI nANAMnI mAgaNIo thAya che, jethI ApanI tIjorI bahuja UDI jatI rahI che; ane A dezamAMthI AvA bahoLA nikAsanAM je aniSTa pariNAmo avazya AvavAnAM teno vicAra karatAM amane bhaya upaje che. je dezamAMthI vArSika pedAzanA trIjA bhAga jeTale paiso varSovarSa para deza taNAto jato hoya, ane tenA badalAmAM tene kaMIja maLatuM na hoya, tevo deza game te AbAda hoya chatAM jhAjhIvAra TakI zake nahija; ane AbAda thavAnI to vAta ja zI ? paraMtu, A sivAya bIjA paNa evA pra saMgo che ke jethI A dezanI samRddhi ochI thatI jAya che, ane jo teno upAya nahi thAya te deza cheka khAlI thaI jaze. meM joyuM che ke pahelAM A dezane eka moTo lAbha e hatuM ke judAM judAM kuTuMbone moTI rakamanI bakSiso maLavAthI ane rAja amaladAra vagerenA paracALa mojazokhathI dezano paiso dezamAM ja vahecAto hato. paNa have to jamInanI mahesulane badhe bhAga ApaNI tIjorI rUpa moTA akhAtamAM paDe che ane temAMno kaMipaNa bhAga dezamAM pharavA pAmato nathI--ApaNI ravAnagImAMthI je bhAga nIkaLe te ane ApaNAM Avazyaka kharaca sivAya. A ravAnagI eTale zuM? A savAlano khulAso hAusa opha komansanA 178 3 nA navamA hevAlamAMthI ApaNane maLe che. baMgALAnI upajano niyata bhAga, ghaNAM varSathI IgleMDa mokalavAnA mAlanI kharIdI sArU varSovarSa korANe mUkAya che. Ane Investment "kamANI" evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A " kamANu'nA vadhArAnA pramANamAM * patra tArIkha 26 sapTembara 1767. je patra tArIkha 24 mArca 1768.

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prakaraNa 2 jI. kampanInA DhAkAnI AvaData huziyArInuM mApa thAya che. ane A, hiMdanA dAridrayanuM mukhya kAraNa che chatAM, tene tenI samRdhdhi ane AbAdInu pramANa gaNavAmAM Ave che. pUrva taraphathI kimatI mAlanAM bharelAM mhoTAM vhANAnA saMkhyAbaMdha kAlA harahameza vadhatA jatA pramANamAM Ave jAyache tethI lokanA upara tene rUAba paDeche. svAbhAvika rIte je dezanI vadhArAnI pedAza vepArI AlamamAM ATalA badhA mArga paDAvatI hoya. te deza sukhI sthitimAM che ane enI AbAdI vadhatI jAyache evA abhiprAya badhAya che. ane ema paNa manAtuM haze ke hi MdamAMthI A pramANe je mAla AyAta thAya che tenA badalAmAM tyAM kAMi mekalavAmAM AvatuM haze-ke jethI te dezanI vepAranI muDI satata sabaLa thatI jatI haze ane vadhatI haze. paNa kharI rIte te A vepAra hiMdane lAbhakAraka nahAtA paNa te dezanI ApaNA dezane ApavAnI pezakazI hatI, ane te tene A mAyika bhaLakAdAra dekhAva hatA.''+ 48 A satata apavAhanI aniSTatAne iMgleMDanA meTAmAM meATA rAjyanItitatvane paNa yAgya bhASAmAM vakhADI che. 1783 mAM phrAMsanA isTa inDiyA bila upara khelatAM eDamanDa barphe hiMdanA A apavAhanI nukasAnakAraka asarAnuM varNana kareche, ane temaNe te prasa ge je vacane kahyAM che tenA karatAM vadhAre sAcAM, vadhAre baLavAna ane vadhAre pratApI vacaneA temanI pArlamenTanI jIMdagImAM teo bhAgyeja melyA haze. kaheche ke eziyAnA vijayakArAnI krUratA tarataja echI thatI kAraNa ke vaza karelA deza te peAtAneA karI nAkhatA. teo je dezamAM rehetA te dezanA asta-udaya sAthe temane paNa asta-udaya thatA. potAnAM saMtAno mATe SitAnI AzAe tyAMja rahelI hatI; saMtAna paNa pUrvajonAM parAkramA tyAMja jotAM; emanu bhaviSya eja deza sAthe haMmezane mATe joDAyu rahetuM; pAtAnA deza kharAba na thAya evI sarva svAbhAvika icchA temanAmAM +navamA ripArTa sane 1783 pAnu 54. 66

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 49 paNa hovI ja joIe. dAridraya, aprajava ane nirjanatA, e manuSyane Anadajanaka te nathI ja; ane eka AkhI prajAnI gALo khAtA khAtA ja gharaDA thavuM e kekanAthI ja banI zake. je lebhAdikane lIdhe tAtaMra saradAra julama ane lUMTaphATa karatA to eka mANasanI TuMkI jIMdagImAM paNa sattAnA tevA durupayoganI mAThI asara sattAnA adhiSThAna sudhI pahoMcavAne paNa vAra AvatA. jora julamathI khajAno bharavAmAM AvatuM, paNa te khajAno kata gharamAM ne gharamAM rahete; athavA koI bIjA vadhAre baLavAnane hAthe athavA koI uDAune hAthe pAcho lokamAM ne lekamAM vaheMcAto. ghaNI avyavasthA hatI, sattA upara rASTriya baMdhane kaMIpaNa nahetAM, te paNa kudaratane pUrato avakAza hato; saMpattinA jharA sUkAI gayA hatA, ane tethI dezanAM vANijya, vepAra ane udyoga AbAdImAM rahetAM. lobha ane vyAjakhorAI paNa rASTriya saMpattinuM rakSaNa karavAmAM ane teno upayoga karAvavAmAM kAme AvatAM. kheDuta ane zipIone bhAre vyAja ApavuM paDatuM e kharuM, paNa je muDImAMthI pAchAM temane ja nANAM maLavAnAM hatAM temAM ja tethI vadhAro thatA. temanAM sAdhanAne mATe temane bhAre kiMmata ApavI paDatI, paNa teo nizcita hatA, ane tenI sarvavyApI asarathI dezamAM sAmAnya samRddhinI vRddhi thatI hatI. paNa aMgrejanI dhurA nIce A badhe krama viparIta thaI jAya che. tArtarano abhiga bezaka nukazAna karanAro hato, paNa ApaNuM te rakSaNa hiMdustAnane pAyamAla kare che. temanI te te duzmanAvaTa hatI, paNa ApaNe te A mitrAcArI che. vIsa varSa thaI gayAM paNa ApaNI rIta te pahelAM hatI tevIja aniSTakAraka che. dhoLAvALavALo aMgreja te dezIo jevA pAmatAja nathI. juvAna mANase, lagabhaga chokarA jevA, tyAM rAjya kare che. nahi dezIenI sAthe haLavuM maLavuM, ke nahi temanA tarapha dIlasojI rAkhavI. hajI jANe IMglaMDa ja rahetA hoya tenI mAphaka ja teo dezIothI alaga rahe che;

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50 prakaraNa 2 jI. temanI sAthe eka ja prakArano samAgama thAya che, eTale jyAre ekadama samRddhi prApta karavAnI hoya tyAreja ane eTaleja. ane te samRddhino paNa upayoga pAche pariNAme paradezamAM ja karavAno. ghaDapaNano lAbha ane juvAnIno jesa e bevaDA cetanathI prerAtA teo eka pachI eka dariyAnA mojAnI peThe dhase che; ane dezIonI AgaLa te, dararoja kSINa thatA annane mATe, navI navI sudhAvALA, bhUkhALavA, cAra levA nIkaLelAM zikArI pakSionAM nave navAM ToLAMnI ananta mulAkAtono dekhAva thAya che;-jemAMthI koI dahADe chUTavAnI AzA temane dekhAtI nathI. aMgreje je naphe pedA kare temane rUpIye rUpiye hiMdano te hamezane mATe khovAya." gavarnara varlsa ane eDamanDa barkanA kALa pachI to hiMdustAnane rAjya vahIvaTa ghaNo sudharyo che. hiMdustAnanA AkhA khaMDamAM ardhA saikA sudhI anavachinna, aDhAramA saikAmAM kadI nahi rahelI evI zAti rahI che. vepAra vaNaja aNagamatI ane bAdhaka jakAtothI mukata thayela che. nyAyano vahIvaTa ane jAnamAlanuM rakSaNa prathama karatAM vadhAre saMgIna thayAM che ane keLavaNInA prasAre lokomAM navuM jIvana reDayuM che tathA temane vadhAre UMcAM kAma mATe ane vadhAre bhAre javAbadArI mATe lAyaka karyo che. paNa, varsTa ane barka je Arthika apavAne mATe phariyAda kare che te ja to harahameza vadhatAM jatAM pANI sAthe hajI vahyAMja kare che ane hiMdane dAridratha ane duSkALanI bhUmi banAvI mUkI che. kharI vAta che ke hiMdamAM vArSika varasAdanI khATa, e duSkALanuM pratyakSa ane tAtkAlika kAraNa che; paNa AvA dukALanI bhIMsa ane jIMdagInI khuvArI te lokanA dAridrazyane lIdhe ja thAya che. je janasamudAya AbAda sthitimAM hoya to sthAnika pedAzanI khoTa joDenA dezamAMthI kharIdI karIne purI paDAya, ane jIMdagIne nAza na thAya. paNa leke jyAre tadana sAdhana

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itiAsa.' 51 rahita che tyAre te AsapAsanA mulakamAMthI kharIdI karI zakatA nathI ane jyAre jyAre duSkALa Aveche tyAre lAkhA leAkeA maraNa pAmeche. sane 1769 nI zarUAtamAM bhAva caDhI gayA hatA, eTale duSkALa samIpa hAvAnu cinha prakaTa thaI cUkyuM hatu, paNa te varSe mahesula hu meza karatAM vadhAre sakhtAithI udharAvavAmAM AvI hatI. Akhare varSAda na AvyA chatAM kalaka ttAnI rAjyasabhA kArya dhuraMdhara maDaLa uparanA tA. 23 navembaranA patramAM mahesula JagaDI javAnI dhAstI batAve che, paNa saMkaTa nivAraNanA kAMi upAyanI vAta karatI nathI. sane 1770 nA 9 mI me nA patramAM lakheche ke duSkALanI bharaNu saMkhyA, ane rAMkAneA kakaLATa varNavyAM jAya tevAM nathI. eka vakhate jyAM puSkaLa samRddhi hatI te purNiyAnA jIllAmAM trIjA bhAganI vastI nAza pAmI che ane bIje ThekANe paNa sAMkaTa eTalAM ja che. tA. 11 mI sapTembare lakheche ke, AhIMnA vatanIo upara je saMkaTa paDeche tenuM game tevu varjIna ApIe te atizayakata thai zakeja nahi. tethI vasulAta ATalI echI AvI che te mATe Apane kai paNa Azcarya lAgaze nahi. paNa amane sa MtoSa thAyache ke ame dhAratA tenA karatAM te ghaNI vadhAre vasulAta AvI che.''1771 nI 12 mI phebruArInA patramAM lakheche ke, chellA duSkALamAM mahA saMkaTa hatu ane lokanI saMkhyA ghaNI ghaTI gai che chatAM, gALA ane bihAranI jamALImAM A varSane mATe kaMika vadhArA karavAmAM AvyA che." 1772 nI 10 mI jAnyuArIe lakhe che ke vasulAtanA dareka khAtAmAM vasulAta levAmAM amArI icchA pramANe keteha maLIche.'+ manuSya jAtinA itihAsamAM jene joTA na maLI zake tevAM saMkaTanAM A varSoMmAM jamInanI mahesulanI AvI sakhta vasulAtanI vAta vAMcIne dhaNuM du:kha rr "6 (" Extracts from the India office Records quoted in Hunter's Annals of Rural Bengal 1868 p. p. 399-400-401.

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para prakaraNa 2 . thAya che. kalakattAnI rAjyasabhAe duSkALanI asaranuM mApa levAnA hetuthI jIlle jIle karIne nakkI karyuM hatuM ke te vakhate baMgALAnI vasatine trIjo bhAga, eTale lagabhaga eka karIDa mANasa, duSkALane lIdhe yamapurImAM paheAcyuM hatuM. eka taraphathI gAme gAma vATe vATe ane zerIe zerIe mANaso maraNa pAmatAM hatAM; ane temanA rakSaNane mATe kaMipaNa upAyeA levAmAM AvyA na hatAH tyAre kampanInA nAkarAnA kRtyothI maraNanI sakhyAmAM vadhArA thatA hatA. temanA gumAstAoe--lAkAnA sadaMkaTamAMthI moTA naphe| meLavavAnA hetuthI-dANA vepAra eka hAthe karyo eTalu ja nahi paNa AvatI meAzamane mATe rAkhI mUkeluM khI paNa vecI devAnI kheDUtone pharaja pADI. A vAtanI khabara paDathAthI kAryadhuraMdhara sabhAne atyaMta tiraskAra utpanna thayA, ane potAnA patramAM lakhe che ke " ame AzA rAkhIe chIe ke AvI rIte kampanInI bhalAinI hAme thanAra ane sArvajanika saMkaTamAMthI naphe levAnI dAnata rAkhanAra gunhegArAne ceAgya zikSAe aAcADayA haze." paNa kampanInI bhalAi potAne svArtha heAya tyAM eTalI prakaTa thatI nahatI. ane vasatine trIjo bhAga naSTa thayA tathA trIjA bhAganI jamIna ujjaDa paDI rahI chatAM mahesulamAM kaMi dhaTADA karyAMnuM ApaNA jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. 177ra nA navembaranI 3 jI tArIkhe vArana hesTiMgsa nIce pramANe lakheche. A ilAkAnI trIjA bhAganI vastInAza pAmI che ane khetI paNa eTalA pramANamAM ochI thai che, teA paNa 1771 nI cAkhkhI vasulAta sane 1768 nI vasulAta karatAM paNa vadhAre AvI che. AvAM moTAM saMkaTanA bIjA pari NAmeAnA pramANamAM mahesula paNa ghaTavI joie, paNa ghaTADA nathI thayA tenuM kAraNa e che ke balAtkArathI tene junA parimANeja rAkhavAmAM AvIche."* *Extracts from office records; quoted from Hunter's Annals of Raran Bengal 1858 * 381.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 53 A jamAnAnA hiMdI kArabhAranI bhASAmAM Ama balAtkArathI mahesulane tenI teja rakama upara rAkhavAnI vAtane, hiMdanI svAdhyazakti kahevAmAM Ave. 3. baMgALAmAM verana hesTiMgsano amala-1772-1785, sane 1773 mAM regyuleTiga ekaTa pasAra thayo. vairana hesTiMgsa 1772 mAM baMgALAnA gavarnara tarIke Avyo hato, te 1774 mAM navA kAyadA pramANe pahelo gavarnara janarala thayo. philipa phrAnsisa ane bIjA bene IMgleDathI enI sabhAnA sabhAsado tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA hatA; ane bAkInA be kampanInA ahIMnA nokaromAMthI pasaMda karavAmAM AvyA hatA. kalakattAmAM sadara adAlata" nI sthApanA thaI. ema AzA rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI ke A navI goThavaNathI hiMdane rAjyakArabhAra sudharaze. vorana hesTiMgsanA nAma sAthe hiMdanA itihAsanI mATI smaraNIya bInAo yAda Ave che, jenA upara pArlAmenTamAM paNa moTI moTI carcAo thaI hatI. ayodhyAnI begamonI vAta, banArasanA rAjAnI bahale, ane rohIlAo sAthenuM yuddhaH AnA karatAM ochA camatkAravALI paNa ghaNI vadhAre agatyanI bInAo pazcimamAM marAThA sAthenAM ane dakSiNamAM haidaraalI sAthenAM yuddha hatAM. ane A badhA banAve pratye vairana hesTiMgsanI vartaNuka upara so so varSa thaI gayAM paNa hajI takarAro cAlyA ja kare che. A itihAsamAMthI e badhI takarAre bAtala karavAnI hovAthI amane anirvacanIya Ananda thAya che. ApaNA dezanA janasamAjanA kalyANane lagatAM ane AkhI prajAnI Arthika sthitine lagatAM je je pagalAM enI kArakIrdimAM bharAyAM hoya te saMbaMdheja ApaNe dhyAna devAnuM che; eTale, ApaNe lazkarI bAbate dUra karIne emanAM vahIvaTI AcaraNe ane mahesulanA saMbaMdhamAM emaNe bharelAM pagalAMne ja vicAra karIzuM.

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54 prakaraNa 2 '. pUrvanA prasa MgeAmAMthI vorana hesTiMgsanA svarUpanA kai khyAla ApaNane maLyA che. te nyAyI hatA, prAmANika hatA; teNe kampanInA nekarAnA trAsamAMthI mIrakAsamanA hukAnuM ane baMgALAnI prajAnA vepAranuM rakSaNu karavAnA bahAdurIthI prayatna karyAM hatA. paNa baMgALAnI jamAbandInI paddhati hesTiMgsane bIlakula navIja hatI; ane kampanInA kAryadhuraMdhara jamInanI hesulamAM vadhAro karavAnI satata mAgaNI karatA tene lIdhe A savAlane pUrA abhyAsa karavAnI ke nyAyapUrvaka enu nirAkaraNa karavAnI tene taka maLI nahatI. aDhAramA saikAmAM aMgrejo IMgrejI jamInanI mhesulapatithIja vArka? thatA. A paddhati pramANe jamIna jamInadArAnI gaNAya che, tenA ijArA apAya che, ane majurA kheDeche. bagALanI paddhati tethI taddana judIja hatI, ane keTalAka vakhata rAjya, jamInadAra, ane kheDu athavA raiyatanA paraspara viruddha hakA upara dhyAna derAtAM A paddhatinI kharI hakIkata lAMbhA vakhata sudhI aMdhArAmAM rahI. jamInadArAnA hAthamAM jamIna vaMzapara parAthI hatI; te vAstavika rIte dIvAnI ane pheAjadArI sattAvALA paTAvatarAjA hatA. kheDuta athavA yata mAtra majurAja nahatA paNa temanA kakaDA upara temanA hakka hatA, je ha vArasAmAM utaratA hatA. jamInadArAne te mAmulI sAMtha ApatA. vakhato vakhata baMgALAnA navAkhe| kIthI mApaNI karI hesulamAM vadhArA kare; vakhateA vakhata jamInadArA sAMtha vadhAre; paraMtu saikAnA saikA thayAM A gaThavaNatAM mukhya lakSaNA te tenAM teja hatAM. rAjyane mhesulaneA huka; jamInadArA mAmulI sAMthanA hakadAra, ane rAjyane mahesula ApavAne javAbadAraH raiyatane potAnA kakaDA upara vaMzapara parAne kabajAhaka-jamInadArAne mAmulI sAMtha ApavAnI sarahe. - 1765 mAM jyAre isTainDiyA kampanIne mogala bAdazAhanA kAnathI, khagALAnI dAvAnigarI maLI tyAre taratamAM te temaNe mhesulane vahIvaTra

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 55 ke nyAyane kArabhAra potAnA hAthamAM lIdho nahi. murzIdAbAdane musalamAna amaladAra baMgALAmAM mahesula ugharAvye jato, ane navAbanA rAjyano briTiza resiDanTa tenA upara dekharekha rAkhata; sitabarAya nAmano eka hindu saradAra teja pramANe kampanInA paTanAnA munImanI dekharekha nIce bIhAramAM mahesulanI ugharAta karatA. mAtra covIsa paragaNa, bardavAna, midanApura ane citAgAMga, je kampanInAM junAM paragaNAM hatAM tyAMja kapanInA " sanadI karo" (Covenanted servants) vahIvaTa karatA. + 1769 mAM kampanIe-jamInanI mahesulanI ugharAta upara nyAyanA kAmamAM dekharekha rAkhavAnI sattA sAthe, tajavIjadAra nImyA. bevaDA rAjyanI paddhati sArI nIvaDI nahi. jamInanA kharA rAjAo-(aMgrejo) hiMdu ane musalamAna ugharAtadArone AgaLa karIne ugharAta letA paNa temane rAjA tarIke javAbadArInI lAgaNI nahatI. hiMdu ane musalamAna amaladAre pite kampanInA gumAstAo che emaja mAnatA, ane tethI rAjA tarIkenI javAbadArI teo dhAraNa karI zakatA nahi. lokone upara bane julama karatA, temanuM rakSaNa koI karatuM nahotuM. tajavIjadAroe 1768 mAM je tajavIja karI, te uparathI jaNAyuM hatuM ke rAjya vahIvaTa atyaMta Avyasthita dazAmAM hato ugharAtadAre temane ThIka paDe teTaluM jamInadAra pAsethI paDAve, jamInadArane pitAnI nIcenA badhAne chUTathI lUTavAde, ane ugharAtadAro paNa pitAno vAro Ave tyAre temane lUMTavAne haka rAkhIne lUTe; nyAyanA vahIvaTane saMbaMdhamAM niyamita pravAha to badheja aTakelo; paNa jenA kAMDAmAM pitAnA nirNayane amalamAM mUkavAnuM jora hoya tenA hAthamAM nyAya; TuMkAmAM, jenA hAthamAM jera tenA hAthamAM nyAya. + kAunsila ane tenA pramukhano patra tA. 3 navembara 1772.

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56 prakaraNa 2 ju. 1772 mAM rAjya vahIvaTa briTiza amaladAronA hAthamAM mUkavAno nizcaya thayo. gavarnara vairana hesTiMgsa ane bIjA cAra sabhAsadenI eka kamiTI thaI ane mahesula tathA nyAyakhAtAne baMdobasta karavAnuM zarU karyuM. tIjorI ane hIsAbIkhAtuM murzidAbAdathI kalakatte laI AvyA; ane gavarnara ane tenI sabhAnI banelI eka mahesula sabhAne svAdhIna karyuM. prAMtika yuropIyana tajavIjadAra-jemane have kalekaTara-evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM, temane mahesula ugharAvavAne haka Ape; jamInanI mahesulane pAMca varSano baMdebasta jamInadAro sAthe karyo; ane mahesulasabhAnA cAra bIjA darajajAnA amaladAro A vyavasthA amalamAM mUkvA sArU prAMtamAM pharavA nIkaLyA. insAphanA kAmane mATe dareka jIllAmAM eka dIvAnI ane eka phojadArI nyAya sabhA sthApI dIvAnI sabhAmAM kalekTarane pramukha nImyA, ane kejadArI sabhAmAM be miAlavInI madadathI eka musalamAna kAjhI insApha kare ane kalekaTara tenA upara dhyAna Ape, evI yojanA karI. A dIvAnI ane phojadArI nyAyasabhAo upara kalakattAmAM UMcA darajajAnI nyAyasabhAo rUbarU apIla thaI zake. pilisanI eka navI paddhati dAkhala karI; baMgALAnA cAda jIllAomAM phojadAranA hodAthI caMda dezI amaladArone nImyA; ane mahesulI ane nyAyakhAtAnA amaladArone mArga batAvavA sArU kAyadAo karIne svadezI bhASAomAM chapAvIne prasiddha karyA A badhA judA judA sudhArA vairana hesTiMgsanI zaktinI mahattAnI sAkhya pUre che. paNa leka upara avizvAsa rU5 briTiza vahIvaTanI je khAmI hajI sudhI cAlI Ave che te paNa te dekhADI Ape che. aDhAramA saikAmAM jema kampanInA nokaro rUzvatIA ane lobhI hatA tema hiMdu ane musalamAna amaladAro paNa rUzvatIo ane lebhI hatA. hesTiMgsa ane tenI pachI AvanAra kornalise, temanA upara vizvAsa ane javAbadArI nAMkhIne ane temanA kAma mATe lAyaka pagAra ApIne briTiza nokarane prAmANika karavAnA yatna karyA. paNa hiMdu ane

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57 briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. musalamAna nokarane vizvAsa ane javAbadArInI sthitimAM mUkavAne, temane pUratA pagAra ApavAno, ane rAjyavahIvaTane kAmamAM temanI sahAyatA svIkAravAno kaMIpaNa yatna karavAmAM AvyA na hatA. 1774 mAM vairana hesTiMgsa regyuleTiMga ekaTa pramANe gavarnara janarala che. jamInanI mahesulAno pAMca varSane baMdebasta niSphaLa nIvaDyo hato. vaMzaparaMparAnA kabajedAra jamInadAronA haka DubAvIne harAjIthI baMdobasta karyo hate. harAjImAM mAgaNI karanArAoe caDasA cAraNImAM mAgaNIo caDhAvI dIdhI. temaNe kheDutone nIcovyA paNa hajI TharAvelI mahesula ApI zakyA nahotA. baMgALAnI jamIna paddhatinI cheka ja gerasamajaNa thaI hatI. jAnA khAnadAna nAza pAmyAM; ane khetI karanAra raiyatanA upara trAsadAyaka julama thaI paDyo. 1774 mAM yuropiyana kalekaTarane kAmagirImAMthI mukta karyA ane kalakattA, bardavAna, dhokA, murzIdAbAda, dInajapura, ane paTanAmAM prAntika sabhAo sthApI temane mahesulanI ugharAtanI dekharekha rAkhavAnuM sAMpavAmAM AvyuM. 1776mAM nyAya purasara jamAnandI karavAnI nItinI carcA kalakattAmAM thaI hatI. vorana hesTiMgsa evo abhiprAya Apo ke tamAma jAgIra harAjIthI vecavI athavA IjAre ApavI ane jamAno baMdobasta jIdagInI avadhinA paTAthI kare. IgrejI sAhityamAM " juniasanA patro" nA kartA tarIke prasiddha thayelA DAhyA rAjapuruSe AnA karatAM vadhAre nyAyI ane dUra aMdezI abhiprAya bAMdhyo. teNe " sthAyI jamAlandInA bandobasta " ( Permanent settlement ) nI darakhAsta mUkI. eka samartha daphatarI zerAmAM e lakhe che ke - " ghaNuM jamInadAro pAyamAla thaI gayA che, temanI pAsethI jamInanA vahIvaTa khuMcavI levAmAM AvyA che; ane pratiSThita khAnadAnomAMthI ke pUrva

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58 prakaraNa 2 juM. gnng gng-n,shrng r r 2 n jemanA gharamAM moTA adhikAra hatA tevA kuTuMbamAMthI have kaI bhAgyeja rahyuM che. jeo che teo moTA naphAnI AzA rAkhe che, ane deza temane te naphA daI zake temaja sarakArane jamA ApI zake e have rahyA nathI. tethI halakI sthitinA mANasone sarakAranA ugharAtadAra tarIke rokavAmAM AvyA che. A lekoe, je jIllAmAM temane kAmagirI soMpI che tene mATe, mukarara karelI rakama ApavAnA dastAvejo karI ApelA che; eTale vAstavika rIte teone mahesulanA IjAradAra gaNavA joIe. ane teo sadaramAMthI prAntomAM jaI jamInadAra athavA raiyata sAthe sAtha vagere mukarara karI ApaNane vasula Ape che. " A IjArAnI rItanAM dUSaNonuM varNana ApIne, tenAthI thatI dezanI pAyamAlI upara dhyAna dorIne, philipa kAsisa lekanI AbAdI karavAnA hetuthI jamInanI mahesulano kAyamane baMdobasta karavAnI bhalAmaNa kare che. eka vAra mukarara karI eTale jamA jAhera daphataramAM caDAvI devI jeie. te hamezane mATe hovI joIe ane acaLa hovI joIe, ane banI zake to lokone te bAbatanI khAtrI karI ApavI joie. A sarate jamInanI sAthe javI joIe. te hAla taratamAM konA hAthamAM che athavA bhaviSyamAM konA hAthamAM Avaze e gaNatrI thI kevaLa svataMtra rIte. je emAM kAMI chupI lakSmI hajI haze te dhaNI pitAnA lAbhane mATe mahenata kare che evI buddhithI-te lakSmI bahAra kahADaze ane te jamInanA sudhArAmAM vaparAze." A yojanA jyAre kampanInA kAryAdhyakSe pAse AvI tyAre temaNe chevaTanuM pagaluM bharatAM AnAkAnI karI. briTiza lokonI kharI lAkSaNika-lakSyazanya rAjyanItithI temaNe lakhyuM ke-jaMdagInA paTAthI jamIna ApavAnI, ane kAyamanA yAvaccandradivAkara paTA karavAnI-e be rItonI * philipa phrAnsisa nI miTi 1776 laMDanamAM prasiddha thaI 1782.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 59 judI judI hakIkata sAMbhaLI; ghaNuM vajanadAra kAraNone lIdhe atyAre emAMnI paNa eka paNa yojanA svIkAravAnuM ame gya dhAratA nathI." kampanInA kAryAdhyakSane A TharAva atyaMta aniSTa hato. bemAMthI eke rIta pasaMda na thayAthI pelI harAjInI rIta-jethI baMgALAnI adha pAyamAlI to thaI cUkI hatI te kAyama rahI. hiMdustAnanA vANijya parAyaNa rAjAe ghaNAM vajanadAra kAraNothI pitAnI upajamAM vAraMvAra ane satata vadhAro karavAnI bAbatamAM tIrNa lAgaNIvALA hatA; ane hajI daza varSa sudhI harAjInI paddhati, TuMkI mudatanA paTA, ane jamA na bharI zakAya tyAre jamInadArane keda-e mahA saMkaSTa baMgALane mAthe pAchuM eTayuM. sane 1777 mAM pAMca varSa upara karelo baMdobasta pUro thayo. have harAjInI rItamAM kAMIka sudhAro karyo, ane vaMzaparaMparAnA jamInadArone kaMIka pasaMdagI ApavAmAM AvI. paNa tenI sAthe A moTI jAgIro pAMca varSane mATe nahi paNa eka varSa mATe gaNote ApavAmAM Avaze ema jAhera karavAthI A rItanI sakhtAI vaLI vadhI. A pramANe 1778, 78 ane 80 mAM vArSika paTAthI jamIna sAMthavAmAM AvI hatI. A Arthika julamanI nIce deza, barADA pADato kacaDAI muo, ane vaLI ekavAra jamInanI vasulAta niSphaLa gaI. sane 1781 mAM vaLI pheraphAro karavAmAM AvyA. dIvAnI adAlato mATe tera kAyadAo ghaDavAmAM AvyA; je pAchaLathI paMcANuM kalamanA eka saMgrahamAM joDI devAmAM AvyA, ane hiMdustAnI ane baMgALI bhASAomAM tenAM bhASAntare prasiddha kyAM. dIvAnI nyAyAdhIza ane kalekaTarone dezamAM vadhatA jatA guhA sAme upAyo levA mATe mejIsTreTanI, phojadArI nyAyAdhIzenI sattA ApavAmAM AvI. kalakattAmAM eka mahesulasabhA sthApavAmAM AvI. teNe eka varSanA paTAnI sarate jamIna ApavAnI yojanA jamInadArone

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prakaraNa 2 juM. pasaMdagI ApavAnI sara-maMjura karI. A pramANe baMdebasta amalamAM mUkAya; jamInanI mahesulamAM chavIsa lAkha rUpiyAno vadhAro thaze. - baMgALAnA tamAma jamInadAro, tamAma jamInadAra khAnadAno, A vArSika paTAnI, vAraMvAra vadhArA karavAnI, ane sakhta ugharANInI paddhatithI koI divasa nahi joyeluM evA kaSTane svAdhIna thayA. jUnAM khAnadAnanA vaMzajone pitAnI jamIne kalakattAnA zAhukAro ane saTTAkhoronA hAthamAM jatI potAnI najare jovI paDI. vidhavAo ane sagIra jamInadArone kalakattethI nImAyelA khAudhara vahIvaTadArone hAthe pitAnI garIbaDI raiyata upara julama thatA jevA paDayA. evuM banyuM ke A vakhate baMgALAnI traNa moTAmAM moTI bAra mahIne traNa traNa lAkha pAuMDanI jamA ApanArI jAgIre traNa AbarUdAra strIonA hAthamAM hatI; jemanAM nAma ApaNuM hRdayamAM korAI rahyAM che. bardavAna, prasiddha tilakacandranI vidhavA ane teTalI ja prasiddhivALA tejacaMdranI mAtAnA hAthamAM hatuM. tenI upaja pAMtrIsa lAkha rUpiyAnI. rAjazAI, pavitra rANI bhavAnI-jenuM nAma hajI sudhI AkhA hiMdamAM mazahura che, tenA hAthamAM hatuM. A bAI UMcI pAyarIvALAM ane zaktivALAM hovAnI sAthe pavitra jIMdagI gujAratAM ane dharmadAna bahu karatAM. rAjazAInI upaja chavIsa lAkha rUpiyAnI hatI. ane dijanApura jenI upaja 1400,000 cAda lAkha jeTalI hatI, tyAre rAjA 1780 mAM gujarI jatAM temanI vidhavA eka pAMca varSanI umaranA kumAranA vAlI tarIke teno vahIvaTa karatAM hatAM. vairana hesTiMgsanI sakhta ane hameza badalAtI mahesulI rAjyanItinA pariNAmamAM keTaluM kaSTa paDatuM tene dAkhale A traNa jAgIronA itihAsathI maLI zake che. dijanApura sahuthI vadhAre du:kha pAmyuM. sagIra paNAne lIdhe devIsiMga nAmano eka khAudhara ane adhama vahIvaTadAra kalakattethI nImavAmAM Avyo hato. devIsiMge purNaA ane raMgapuramAM te trAsa vartAvyo hato. tyAMthI tene khaseDavAmAM Avyo hato ane kampanInA daphataramAM enA nAma upara kALI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 1 lITI mArelI hatI. paNa jyAre sagIrapaNamAM mahesula cUsavAnI kAmagirI AvI tyAre lAyaka kArabhArI tarIke ene pasaMda karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. devIsiMge potAnI lAyakAta barAbara batAvI. aDhAramA saikAmAM, baMgALAmAM paNa jeno joTo nahi hoya evI krUratAthI eNe mahesula vadhAravA mATe jamInadArone keda karyA ane kheDutone phaTakA mAryA. A julamamAMthI strIone paNa bAtala karavAmAM AvI na hatI, ane apamAna ane baLAtkAra umeravAmAM AvyAM. devIsiMganA julame dijanApuranI raiyata gharagAma choDI nAzI gaI. raiyata prAMta choDIne cAlI javAnI taiyArI karatI hatI te vakhate hathiyArabaMdha sipAhIonI TukaDIoe tene hAMkIne pAchI vALI. ghaNuM leke jaMgalamAM nAzI gayA; akRtye duniyAmAM sauthI vadhAre zAMta ane tAbe rahenAra kheDutone baLa karavAnI sthitimAM mUkyA. baLa dijanApura ane raMgapura soMsaro phelAyo, sainyane belAvavuM paDayuM ane pachI zikSAo ane phUra phAMsIe laTakAvavAnAM kura kRtyo cAlu thayAM. A jIllAno aMgreja amaladAra mi. guDabeMDa-A baLavAne baMgALAmAM kadI nahIM thayela ane moTAmAM moTo ane vadhAremAM vadhAre gaMbhIra gaNe che; je krUra sakhtAIthI ene dAbI devAmAM Avyo te paNa kadAca baMgALAmAM abhUtapUrva hatI. bardavAnane ItihAsa ATalo duHkhada nathI. kAraNake tyAM rAjakuTuMba upara ja kaSTa paDyuM hatuM, ane leka upara eTale trAsa nahete paDyo. mahArAjA tilakacaMdra 1767mAM deva thayA ane sagIra tejacaMdrane vArase maMjura thayo ane kAyama karavAmAM AvyuM. mahUma jamInadAre rAjyakuTuMbanA eka dasta lAlA amIcaMdane jAgIranA kArabhArI tarIke nImyo hato, paNa jIllAnA Igreja amaladAra jaoNna grehAme eka vrajakizora nAmanA adharmI ane khAudhara manudhyane rANInI marajI uparAMta, kArabhArI tarIke besADI dIdho. rANIe-eka

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62 prakaraNa 2 jI. strI jyAM sudhI karI zake teTale sudhI enI apramANikatAnA aMta lAvavA yatna karyAM ane jAgIrane sikakA soMpyA nahIM. sane 1774 nI vArana hesTiMgsa upara karelI arajImAM te lakhe che ke "mArA kuMvarane sikkA bhArA peAtAnA kabajAmAM hatA; ane huM kAMi paNa kAgaLa vAMcyA vinA tenA upara sikkA karatI nahi tethI braje te hareka rIte peAtAnA kabajAmAM levAnA yatna `karyo; ane meM AgrahathI tene na ApyA. A uparathI 1179 baMgALI varSamAM ( i. sa. 1772 ) vrakizAra, grAhamane samajAvIne devAna laI AvyeA. ane mArI pAsethI nava varSanI umaranA mArA kuMvara tejacaMdane lai gayA, ane eka judI jagAmAM keda karI cAkI perAmAM rAkhyA. A sthitimAM duHkha ane bhayathI sAta ATha divasa sudhI anna pANI vinA huM rahI paNa Akhare kaMi paNa upAya na jaDayA tyAre meM mhAra sikakA soMpI dIdhA. ,, pachIthI A patramAM evI hakIkata che ke A pramANe sikre| maLyA pachI vrajakazAre jAgIranI tamAma mIlkata uDAvI dIdhI, rakamenI rakamo khAi 1yA, ane hIsAba ApavAnI nA pADI. rANI ane tene ku Mvara jIMdagInA bhayamAM AvI paDayAM, ane peAtAnI jAtanI salAmatI sArUM kalakatte jaine rahuMvAnI rajA mAMgI. levinaM'ga, mensana, ane phrAnsise, vrajakizAra ane jona grehamanA sAmenA A ArepanI tapAsa karavAnI mAMgaNI karI. ane te bannenA upara agIyAra lAkha rUpIA khAi javAne je ArApa rANIe mUkyA hateA tenI tapAsa calAvavAneA hukama Apyo. paraMtu sabhAmAM matabheda heAvAne lIdhe puratI tapAsa thaI niha. vArana hestigsa jaina graMhAmanA bacAvamAM hatA. grehAme besumAra paisA ekaThA karyAM hatA ema sabhAsade lakhe che. hesTiMgsa esmAra hAvAnu N kabUla karatA nathI. paNa khardavAnanI rANInA AreApAmAMthI grehAmane bacAvavAnI te peAtAnI pharaja samajyA hatA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa bAkI, bardavAna upara bahu bhAre jamA nAkhavAmAM AvI. mahesulasabhAno dIvAna gaMgA goviMdasiMga bardavAnanA rAjya kuTuMbane mitra na hato; ane teNe baMgALAnI keIpaNa junI jamInadArI karatAM pramANamAM bardavAna upara bhAre jamA caTADI. ghaNA dazakA sudhI bardavAnane AnAthI kaSTa paDavuM ane bardavAnanA rAjAo, jeo purI rAjyasattA bhogavatA, jemaNe marAThA sAme baMgALAnA junA navAbane madada karI hatI, teone A navA dhaNI nI jamA bharavI muzkela paDI. jamInadAranI javAbadArIne hisso mAthe rAkhavAnI zaratethI navA sthAyI paTA karavAthI A kuTuMbano pAyamAlImAMthI bacAva thaye; paNa atyAra sudhI bardavAnanI jAgIra baMgALAnI bIjI maTI jAgIronA pramANamAM vadhAre jamA Ape che. rAjazAI jAgIra paNa sarvathI vadhAre gaMbhIra banAva rAjazAInI pavitra rANI bhavAnIne che. lAsInA yuddha pahelAM enI jAgIramAM uttara baMgALAne AkhA bhAgano samAveza thato hato. teNe musalamAna sattAno udaya ane asta ane aMgrejI sattAno udaya ane vistAra pitAnI najare joyA hatA. rAjyavyavasthAmAM hiMdu strIonI buddhi ane cAlAkI kevI che enuM e spaSTa udAharaNa che. enI pavitra jIdagI ane behada bhalAIe baMgALAmAM enuM nAma ghara ghara prasiddha karyuM che. Aje paNa eno itihAsa hiMdu bALako vAMce che, ane hiMdanAM strIramAM enI gaNatarI thAya che. vorana hesTiMgsanI navI mahesulapaddhati ane 1772 nA pAMca varSanA baMdebastane pariNAme baMgALAnI badhI jAgIrone thaelAM nukazAna, rAjazAInI jAgIrane paNa pahoMcyAM hatAM. 1773 nA 31 mI DisembaranA patramAM gavarnara janarala lakhe che ke rAjazAInAM rANe bhavAnI jamA ApavAmAM bahu pachAta

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14 prakaraNa 2 juM. rahe che ane 1774 nI 15 mI mArca evI matalabano patra rASTra bhavAnIne lakhavAno TharAva thayo ke- tame tamArI pAsethI mAsa Akhara leNI nIkaLatI jamA, phAgaNanI 20 mI sudhImAM nahIM Ape te tamArI pAsethI te jamInadArI levAnI ane sarakAra sAthenI sarate pALavAmAM vadhAre khabaradAra mANasane tamArI te jAgIra soMpavAnI jarUra paDaze." 1774 nA okaTobaranI 18 mI tArIkhe, lakhelA eka bIjA patramAM lakheluM che ke " gavarnara janarala enA ijArAnI ane jamInadArInI jamInano eno kabajo ane enA tamAma haka cheDAvavAno ane jIve tyAM sudhI ene dara mahIne rU. 4000 nuM sAlIyANuM bAMdhI ApavAne, TharAva karyo che." A vRddha rANI sAhebe A phajetI ane nukazAnamAMthI bacavAne mATe je araje karI che temAMnI keTalIka asAdhAraNa AdratAvALI che. eka arajImAM e 1772 nA pAMca varSa paTA pachI potAnI jAgIrano ItihAsa Ape che, ane temAM sarakAre nImelA ijAradAra durlabharAye vartAvelA trAsanI ane tene pari. me vasati ujajaDa thaI gayAnI vAtanuM citra ApyuM che. sane 1179 (i. 1772 ) mAM sarakAranA aMgrejoe mArI tamAma jamInanA junA karo ekatra karI dIdhA ane jIllAdArI mAthoTa ane bIjA kALe bhave levAnA paracuraNa hakake kAyama karyA-huM eka junI jamInadAra chuM. ane mArI ramatanuM duHkha mArAthI joi zakAyuM nahIM; tethI meM ijAre levAnuM kabUla karyuM. meM tarata ja dezamAM tapAsa karI ane khabara paDI ke sAMtha ApavA jeTaluM satva dezamAM nathI. 1773 nA bhAdrapadamAM rela AvavAthI raiyatanI jamIna baLAI gaI ane mala hAthamAM AvI zakyo nahIM. huM jamInadAra hovAthI, yitane pAyamAlImAMthI bacAvavAnI mArI pharaja hatI, ane sAthanAM nANAMnI khamata karIne mArAthI emane jeTalo kara ApI zakAya eTalo Ape, ane aMgreja gRhasthane vinaMti karI ke teo mane paNa khamata kare; paNa te pramANe mArA

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. kahyAmAM vizvAsa na rAkhIne temaNe mArA rahevAnA makAnamAMthI mArI kacerIne kabajo laI lIdho, moTI sIla laI gayA ane durlabharAyane mArI pAsethI leka pAsethI nANAM ugharAvavA sArU rAkhyA. pachI mArA gharanI AsapAsa cokI mukI mArI mIlakata keTalI che tenI tamAma tapAsa karI. ijAradAra ane jamInadAra tarIke meM je vasulAta karI hatI te mArI pAsethI uThAvI gayA, je nANuM meM karaje kahAvyAM hatAM te ane mArI mAsika kharacInAM nANAM paNa rahevA dIdhAM nahi, ane ema karIne 2258674 rUpIA ekaThA karyA. saM. 1281 (sane 1774) nA varasamAM mArA AkhA dezane durlabharAyane 2227824 rUpIAne mATe IjAro Apo, ane mArI pAsethI tamAma sattA laI lIdhI. durlabharAya, ane halakI jAtane prAbasa, e bee maLIne deza upara karano bojo vadhAryo. je kheDuta choDIne cAlyA gayA te badalanuM nukazAna navA kheDuto pAsethI levAnuM TharAvyuM. A baMne jaNAo najaramAM Ave tevA hukama kahADe, raiyata pAsethI sarvasva, bInA dANuM ane khetInA baLada suddhAMta, laI le, ane tethI mAro deza vasati vinAne ane pAyamAla thaI gayo che. huM eka junI jamInadAra chuM, mAro deza luMTAya che ane raiyatanI pharIyAdone sumAra nathI. uparanAM kAraNothI huM A araja karuM chuM ke rU. 2227817 nI jamA je A varSe ApavAnI karI che ane je durlabharAya ApavAnA che te huM ApavA taiyAra chuM. ane huM sarakArane nukasAna na thAya ane A rakama vakhatasara apAya tene mATe kALajI rAkhavA baMdhAuM chuM." A utArA, dezamAM A vakhate zuM cAlatuM hatuM tene citAra ApavA sArU agatyanA che. junA jamInadAro je harAjImAM mAgaNI karanArAonI sarasAe na ubhA rahe to temane temanA bApadAdAnI jamInadArImAMthI kahADI muka

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6 prakaraNa 2 ju. vAmAM Ave, je potAnI jamIna potAnA hAthamAM rAkhavAnA irAdAthI jamA vadhArIne IjAradAra tarIke rAkhe che, ane je vakhatasara nANAM ApavAmAM kasura thAya che, temanI jamIna upara sarakArI vahIvaTadAra, menejare parANe rAkhavAmAM Ave, ane teo kheDutane luMTI khAya, duHkha kare ane vasati ujajaDa thaI jAya. paraMtu ATaluM badhuM dabANa chatAM jamInanI mahesula AvI zakI nahi. ane baMgALAnI kheDavANa jamInanA trIjA bhAga upara jhADavAM ugI gayAM. rANI bhavAnInA putra prAkRSNa bIjI arajIo karI, ane te bAbata upara ghaNA vicAro thayA. philipa kAnsisa yuropiyana grahara vANuyAnA ke bIjA ke dezI munImane nAme ijArA le tenAthI virUddha hatuM. te kahe ke - deza svadezIono che, pUrvanA vijetAo jamIna upara jamA laine saMtava mAnatA. prAcIna rIvAjone ThekANe je je navI rIte dAkhala karavAmAM AvI tethI nAzakAraka pariNAma AvyAM che; kAraNa ke huM jANuM chuM ke baMgALI ane ane bahAranI jamInanA be bhAga (be tRtIyAMza ) kevaLa ujajaDa thaI gayAM che. bIkaNa hiMdu, je julamanI rihAme thavAnI tenAmAM zakita nathI, tenAthI DarIne nAse che." Akhare rAjyasabhAe sane 1775mAM vadhu mate TharAva karyo ke durlabharAyane rAjazAInA IjArAmAMthI mukta kara. ane rANI bhavAnIne pitAnI jamInano IjA pAcho soMpavo. hesTiMgsane A TharAva barAbara pasaMda paDaze nahi. baM gALAnA prAcIna khAnadAnonA haka te kadI samajI zakyo nahi. InsaradAra ane harAjImAM kharIdanAra je varga tenI sakhta ane pratikULa paddhatimAM utpanna thaze hatuM, tene Teko ApavAne te kadI cUkate nahi. vairana hesTiMgsanA vANIyA kAntabAbu sArU eka jAgIra ubhI karavA mATe rAjazAinI jAgIramAMthI moTA moTA TukaDA kApI kahAyA. paNu-A trAsadAyaka ane varSovarSa pharatI mahesula paddhatinAMnukazAne, lagabhaga tamAma mahesula dezamAMthI bahAra vahI jatI hatI tene lIdhe, vadhAre gaMbhIra

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. thaI rahyAM. tevA trAsathI ugharAvelAM nANuM dezanA vepAra udyoga ane khetImAM vaparAIne phaLavAna thavAne sArU koI paNa prakAre dezanA lokonA hAthamAM pAchAM AvatAM nahi. "1770 nA duSkALe baMgALAmAM pahelAM kadI nahi thayelI evI bhayaMkara pAyamAlI karI hatI te paNa aneka bhayAnaka yukitao karIne kamANInI rakama utaravA dIdhI na hatI. jAgIronI upaja, yuropiyana mAlanAM vecANa, ane ananyAdhikAra vALA mAlanAM vecANa, e badhAMthI upajelAM nANAMne je mAla baMgALAthI levAmAM Avate te kadI daza lAkha pAuMDathI ochI kiMmatano thatuM na hatuM, ane ghaNI vakhate bAra lAkha sudhI pahoMcato. A daza lAkhano AMkaDe kaMI paNa badalA vagara je mAla iMglaMDa mokalAvAte hato teno ochAmAM ocho AMkaDo che. vaLI kampanIne hisAbe baMgALAmAMthI lagabhaga eka lAkha pAuMDa varSovarSa cIna mokalavAmAM AvatA, ane te rakama yuropa sAthenA parabhArA vepAramAM upayogamAM AvatI. A sivAya zAMtinA vakhatamAM baMgALAmAMthI, bIjA ilAkAo, jyAM upaja karatAM kharaca vadhAre hatI tyAM, paNa niyamita rakama mekalavAmAM AvatI hatI. jyAre A baMgALI ane IgleMDa vaccenA vyahavArana-vyApAra nahihisAba gaNavA besIzuM tyAre upajamAMthI A pramANe mAla mokalavAnI rItathI je nukasAna thAya che te kharA svarUpamAM samajAze. e dRSTibinduthI jotAM ahIMyAthI jeTale mAla nikAsa karavAmAM Ave che te badhA, kampanIne vyavahAra jotAM to, mAla sATe mAla mokalavAmAM Avato nathI paNa kaMI paNa badalA vinAja me -2 mAM Ave che. paNa . 1 huM ane tenI asarane khyAla barAbara Ave te sArU cI ane yudhimAM mekalavAnA mAlanI kharIdImAM baMgALAnI je upaja vaparAya che, te sivAyanI bIjI upajanI vyavasthA upara lakSa ApyuM che. rAjayanA

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prakaraNa 2 juM. dIvAnI, kArabhAramAM je kharaca thAya che tene kaMIpaNa aMza svadezIone maLato nathI, kAraNa ke teone ghaNe bhAge yuropIyananA nekara tarIke athavA mahesulanAM halakAM khAtAMo ke jyAM ja temanA vagara eka DagaluM paNa bharavuM kevaLa muzkela thaI paDe." evI jagAomAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. nIcenA AMkaDA sarakArI daphataramAMthI lIdhelA che - varSa | jamInanI me thI | mahesula. eiprila. | kula upaja. mulakI | lazkarI kharaca. kharaca. kula kharaca. 1771-722,341,9413,259,564 206,7811,164,3482,884, 192 1772-73ra,298,441ra,86 6,968 234,0511,288,66,827,141 1773-742,438,4053,160,186 213, 2371,304,883ra,7ra7,975 1774-75,777,8703,564,915 268,2321,080,3043,300,124 1775-762,818,0714,198,017335,9681,51,9693,438,480 I . 1776-772,755,0433,971,4405325,192 942,1993,424,401 1777-782,530,04ra3, 688,088477,2931,184,7083,353,029 178-792, 456, 8,782,190 553,81,841,ra,72,59 * Select Com's. Ninth Report 1873 p. 55.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. banArasa hajI sudhI ApaNe baMgALAnI ja sthiti joI che. baMgALanI bahAra jaIne jyAre joIe chIe, tyAre paNa vairana hesTiMgsanA amala nIce je prAMti AvyA hatA, temAM tenI teja sthiti jovAmAM Ave che. uttara hiMdustAnamAM banArasa jevuM AbAda rAjya bIjuM eka na hatuM. loka ughogI hatA, vepAra ane khetI AbAda sthitimAM hatAM ane hiMdustAnanA saghaLA bhAgamAM pavitra manAtuM zahera banArasa rAjA balavaMtasiMhanI rAjadhAnInuM zahera hatuM. balavaMtasiMha 1770 mAM gujarI gayA ane ayodhyAnA vajhIra (rAjA) jenA e mAMDalika rAjA hatA, temaNe najarANo laIne ane khaMDaNImAM kaMdha, vadhAro karIne cetasiMhane tenA vArasa tarIke kabUla rAkhyo hato. A vArasA nA prakaraNamAM isTaInDiyA kampanIe mAthuM ghAlyuM hatuM, ane 1770 nA oNkaTobaranI 17mI tArIkhanA adhyakSasabhA upara lakhelA patramAM A bAbatamAM vajhIre saMmati ApyAthI baMgAlanA gavarnare pitAne saMtoSa jAhera karyo hate. ayodhyAne vajhIra (rAjA) sujA-urdIlA paMDe 1775 mAM maraNa pAme ane baMgAlAnA gavarnare pitAnA A junA mitranA maraNane lAbha laIne potAnA rAjyanI hadano ane sattAno vistAra karyo. 1775 nA me mAsamAM enA putra ane vArasa asodalA sAthe navuM tahanAmuM thayuM jethI banArasa IsTa InDiyA kampanIne svAdhIna karavAmAM AvyuM. ane te rIte rAjA cetasiMha briTiza mAMDalika rAjA thaze. banArasanuM rAjya Ama briTiza prAntanI nIce AvavAthI kampanIne lagabhaga covIsa lAkha rUpiyAnI upaja vadhI. A rakamanI mAsika kisto karavAmAM AvI ane temAMthI kharAjAta ke evA bahAnAthI kaMIpaNa kApakupa karavAmAM Avaze nahi, e cekho TharAva karavAmAM AvyA.

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~~~ 70 prakaraNa 2 jI. ~ sane 1775 mAM AnaMdathI ubharAI jatI kalame gavarnara janarale A bAbatanA khabara adhyakSa sabhAne ApyA.* A pramANe maMDalAntara karavAmAM zuM jokhama hatuM tene khyAla cetasiMhane traNa varSa pachI Avyo. 1778 nA julAImAM vairana hesTiMgsa cetasiMhane lakhe che ke "aMDe dvAnsa sAthe gaI tA. 18 mI mArca laDAI jagAvI che, ane tenA saMbaMdhamAM mArA nAmathI ane A sabhAnA nAmathI mAre A pane lakhavAnuM ke kampanInI raiyata tarIke Apa emanAM hita-gerahitamAM bhAga levAne baMdhAyelA che tethI A laDAImAM je kharaca thAya tene Apa, Apane hisso ApavA maherabAnI karaze." * eka prAmANika aMgrejane insApha karavAnI khAtara ahIM kahevuM joIe ke philipa krAMsisa vairana hesTiMgsanI A lUMTanI sAme thaye hate. briTiza vAvaTA nIce banArasanA rAjyane lAvavAmAM eNe agra bhAga lIdho hato; paNa have kampanInA mAMDalika thayelA A rAjA upara je geravAjabI mAMgaNIo thavA mAMDI tenI sAme teNe majabUta vAMdho lIdhax "+ A rAjyanI sattAne rAjAe svAdhIna thavuM joIe emAM kAMI zaka nathI. ane jyAM sudhI e sattA InsAphanA dhoraNe calAvAya che tyAM sudhI te sattAne Teko ApavAmAM A sabhAnA koI paNa sabhAsadathI huM utaruM tema nathI. prathamathI ja ApaNe A rAjAnI sAthe je karAra karyo che ane je karAra ApaNa enA saMbaMdhanuM mukhya dhAraNa che tenI bahAra jaIne ApaNI mAMgaNImAM kaMI paNa vadhAro karavAne ApaNe haka che ke nahi tenI ja mane zaMkA hatI. je cakravartI sattAnI marajI mujaba A mAgaNIo vadhAravAnI hoya to mAMDalika rAjAne kaMI hakaja nathI, tene kaI milakta paNa nathI, athavA te bemAMthI * juo silekaTa kamiTine rIporTa 1782 pA.460 4 silekaTa kamiTi riperTa 182 pA. 463 + silekaTa kamiTine riporTa 1782 5, 465

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 1 ekene mATe ene nirbhayatA te nathI ja. pAMca lAkhane badale ApaNe pacIsa lAkha mAMgIe, ane je e ApavAnI nA pADe, athavA ApavAne asamartha hoya, te jamInadArI khAlasA karavI e enuM pariNAma tAbaDatoba AvI jAya." A badhuM niSphaLa gayuM. bIje varSe paNa pAMca lAkha mAgyA. teja pramANe trIje ane cothe varSe ane te uparAMta lazkaranuM amuka kharaca paNa mAgyuM. nANuM ApavAnuM tenAthI banI na zakyuM mATe tene Thabake devAmAM AvyA, ane pachIthI keda karyo; ane jyAre enI raiyate kampanInA perA upara humalo karyo tyAre enuM AvI banyuM. te pitAnA rAjyamAMthI bhAgI gayo. aMgreje enA bhANeja mahIpa nArAyaNane khaMDaNImAM moTo vadhAro karIne gAdIe besADo, ane rAjyavyavasthA gavarnara janaralanAM nImelA mANasanI dekharekha nIce cAlavA mAMDI. A rAjyavyavasthA aMtyata niSphaLa nIvaDI. vAranahesTiMgsa baLavaMtasiMha ke caitasiMha karatAM ocho vyavasthAkuzala hato te kAraNathI nahi, paNa mahesulamAM vadhAre karavAthI khetI nAza pAmelI tethI. hesTiMgsa jene pahelavahela dIvAna tarIke nIme hatA, tene vakhatasara bharaNuM na karavAnA kAraNathI baratarapha karyo. tethI bIje, evA spaSTa nizcaya sAthe dAkhala thayo ke je mahesula ApavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM che teTalI rakama te game tema karIne ekaThI karavI ja. jamInanI AMkaNI thaI. ane atyaMta sakhtAIthI ugharAta thavA lAgI. jethI raiyata duHkhamAM DubI gaI, ane 1784 mAM eka bhayaMkara duSkALe dezane ujajaDa karI nAMkhe. A duSkALanI asara hesTise potAnI najare joI. rAjyasabhAne 1784 nA eprilanI 27 tArIkhe lakhelA patramAM te lakhe che ke "bakasArathI banArasa sudhI bedIla raiyatanA bumAra sAMbhaLI sAMbhaLIne huM thAkI gayA. lAMbo vakhata cAlelA duSkALanAM duHkhothI A sAmAnya bedIlImAM anivArya vadhAro thaze. paNa mane ema bhaya rahe che ke A badhI badIlInuM mukhya kAraNu apramA

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chara prakaraNa 2 ju. Nika nahIM te akuzala ane krara rAjyavyavasthA ja haze. huM umeravAne dIlagIra chuM ke bakasArathI te eka sAmI hada sudhI gAmegAma saMpUrNa pAyamAlInAM ciho sivAya bIjuM kAMI mArA jevAmAM AvyuM ja nathI. banArasa zahera bAda karatAM bAkIne Akhe ilAka rAjya vinAne che. rAjyamAM badhe gerabaMdobasta che, lekenA upara julama che, vepArane dAbI devAmAM AvyuM che. ane mahesula sAdhanene A upayoga thavAthI, jaladIthI utarI jaze e bhaya rahe che." ayodhyAnA vAvaTAthI khasI kampanInI sattA nIce AvyA. pachI navuM varSanI aMdara banArasanI A sthiti thaI gaI. have ApaNe eka DagaluM AgaLa bharIe ane ayodhyAnI dazA joIe. nA ayodhyA, upara kahevAI gayuM che ke briTiza mitra sujAudaulA sane 177pa mAM maraNa pAmya. zatrunI sAthe e kara ane kSamAnya hato, paNa enI raiyatane teNe saMtethI, rAjI ane AbAda rAkhI hatI. jyAre asophudaulA enA pitAnI gAdIe beThA tyAre vairana hesTise IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInI ayodhyA upara je sattA hatI temAM vadhAro karyo, sujAudailA sAthenuM junuM tahanAmuM hatuM te rada karI ane eka navuM taha karyuM; ane te mujaba ayodhyAnA rAjA pariNAme kempanI mAMDalika rAmAM thaI rahyA.* A mAMDaliktAmAM ayodhyAnA vinAzanuM bIja ropAyuM. hesTiMgsa eka lazkaranI TukaDInI sAthe karnala henIne mokalyA. A saradAra te jamAnAnA ghaNA IgrejonI mAphaka takano lAbha barAbara laI jaladIthI samRddhivAna thaI javAnI IcchA rAkhatA. ayodhyAmAM paNa madrAsa ane bIje ThekANe lazkarane * milanA hiMdustAnanA itihAsamAM utAreluM 1858 pustaka 4 prakaraNa 7% * silekaTa kamiTine dazame rIporTa-1783 me 7.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itidvAsa. mATe jamInanI mahesula sAMpI devAnI nukazAnakAraka rIta amalamAM mUkavAmAM AvI. karnala henI ayAkhyAmAM mulakI ane lazkarI sattA bhogavatA ane temaNe gArakhapura ane kherakanA ijArA lIdhA. sAMtheA vadhArI. udharAta mATe jorajulamanA upayoga thayA. lAkA gharagAma khetara cheADIne nAzI gayA. deza ujjaDa thayA. 093 .. asAdaulAe pote peAtAnI meLe nhAtarelI pAyamAlI peAtAnI najare joi. sane 1779 mAM briTizasarakArane teNe lakhyuM ke, " kharaca dhaNu vadhI javAthI jamInanA Ne u Mce dare ijArA ApavAnI jarUra paDI, ane varSovarSa khATa AvavA mAMDI. deza ujjaDa thayA, khetI chuTI gai." AthI karIne lazkaranA kharacI mATe je navI jamIna paDAvavAnI tajavIja thAM tenI virUddha navAe vAMdho lIdhA; ane kAraNu ema batAvyuM ke, lazkara amAre kevaLa nakAmuM che, upajamAM nukazAnanuM ane rAjyakArabhAramAM garabaDanuM teja kAraNu che. A agatyanA patra upara kalakattAnI sabhAe carcA karI. phrilipAsie--tenI sAhajika nyAya buddhithI eka lAkSaNika daphtarI neAMdha lakhI. " eka svata Mtra ( Independent) rAjA, eka paradezI lazkara je rakSaNa karavAne nimitte enI upaja ane dezanuM bhakSaNa kareche, te rAkhavAnI sAme vAMdhA le, emAM mane khATuM lagADavA jevu ke bhayabhIta thavA jevu kaMi lAgatuM nathI. mArAmAM rAjya sattAnI AdatA eTalI lAMbA kALanI nathI thaI ke jethI mane emAM khATuM lAge.' tr 1775 nA DisembaranI 15 mI tArIkhanA patramAM kampanInI kAryAdhyakSa sabhAe aye dhyAnA subAnI nekarImAM eka TukaDI rAkhavAnI vAtane pasaMda karI; eTalI sarate ke, te mAnI svataMtra kabUlatathI-ane te vinA game tema heAya paNa nahi ja.''

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54 prakaraNa 2 jI. ApaNA lazkaranI A TukaDInA saMbaMdhamAM atyAre kaI takarAra nathI, kAraNake vajhIra e pAchuM lai levarAvavAnI icchA rAkhatA nathI; enI mAgaNI karnala hetI ane kepaTana AsameAjanI saradArI nIce TukaDIenA saMbaMdhamAM che. pahelAnA sabaMdhamAM e ema kahe che ke te mArA rAjyane kevaLa nirupayeAgI che ane jamInanI ane jakAtanI upajamAM mane bahu nukasAna kare che; jInA saMbaMdhamAM e kahe che ke tethI mArA rAjyakArabhAramAM garabaDa thAya che, ane svataMtra sattA akhatyAra kare che. ar " A darakhAstathI e vAtA jaNAya che. (1) ete kharace enA rAjyamAM ApaNuM lazkara rAkhavAnI ene puraja pADavAnI jarUra che eTalu ja nahi paNa (2) emanA pagAra cukavavA puratI upajanA udharAtadAra paNa ApaNeja thavuM joie. ane AnA artha e thAya che ke atyAre jevI rIte A badhI bAbatAneA kArabhAra thAya che tevI rIte te enA dezane ApaNI lazkarI sattAnI nIceja mUkI devA. Ama eka jarUrIyAtamAMthI khIjI utpanna thAya che, ane jyAM sudhI ApaNA lAbhane lalacAve ane ApaNI abhilASAone pUrNa kare tevuM kaMiM paNu, hiMdanA rAjyA pAse che, athavA ApaNe anubhavathI zIkhIe ke khIjAone insApha karavAmAM kai DahApaNa samAyaluM che, tyAM sudhI te pramANe cAlyAMja karaze. '' + vArana DresTiMgsanI najaramAM A TukaDIo pAchI kheMcI levAmAM kampa nIne nukazAna thaze e vAtanu vadhAre vajana hatuM; navAbanA leAkeAne duHkha paDe che tene ene ka Mi hisAba na hatA. e kahetA ke navAba kampatIne mAMDilaka che, ane tene tyAMthI lazkara pAchuM khelAvIe tenu pariNAma krumpanInA upara eTalA eAjo vadhAre paDe eja thAya." hiMdustAnanA itihAsakAra--jemsamilalakhe che ke " I Mgrejoe kaMi paNa haka vagara potAnuM lazkara nabhAvavA navAbane .. + sIlekaTa kamITInA riporTa e. 7

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 75. pharaja pADI, te eka moTI sagavaDanI khAtara hatuM; eTale ene eka mAMDalika tarIke gaNe, ane tenA upara temaja tenA deza upara maMDalezvaranA hako vAstavika rIte dhAraNa karyA ane amalamAM mUkyAM. " briTiza rAjyane haka sane 1780mAM 1,400000codalAkha pAuDa sudhI pahocyo hato. gavarnara janarale lakanImAMthI brisTone pAche bolAvI lIdho, ane miDalaTanane resiMDenTa tarIke mokalyo; kampanI sarakAranA hakka purA pADavA mATe temaNe ayodhyAnI begame, navAbanI mA ane dAdIne, luMTavAmAM madada karI; ane temanI sAthe julama ane apamAna bharelI vartaNuka calAvIne nANAMnI moTI rakama chInavI lIdhI; e badhI bAbatonuM varNana karavAnI ahIM jarUra nathI. ApaNe te adhyAnA kheDutanI sthiti sAthe saMbaMdha che. vairana hesTiMgsa upara kAma cAluM te prasaMge niSkicana kheDa varga pAsethI nANAM ugharAvavAnI bAbatamAM je hakIkata purAvAmAM paDelI che, te ghaNI zekajanaka che. evI jubAnIo paDelI che ke jemanI pAse bAkI nIkaLatuM heya temane pAMjarAmAM puravAmAM AvatA; tene javAba e maLyo ke hiMdustAnanI Abo havAmAM pAMjarAmAM pUravuM te kAMI mANasa rIbAvyuM kahevAya nahIM; jubAnI evI paDI ke mAbApane chokarAM vecavAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvatI. khulAso e thayo ke karnala henie AvA asvAbhAvika viya sAme hukamo kahADayA hatA. lekanAM ToLeToLAM gAma sIma choDIne cAlatAM thayAM, ane temane nAzI jatA aTakAvavA sArU lazkarane upayogamAM levuM paDayuM hatuM. Akhare eka moTo baLe uThe. kheDUto ane IjAradAroe asahya bojA sAme baMDa karyuM, ane te pachI krodhAviSTa senAne hAthe trAsa ane kApAkApI zarU thai, je vaDe A jaDa kheDutanuM baMDa dabAvI dIdhuM, pachI kanela nine ayodhyAmAMthI mukta karyo, baLa zAnta karyo. paNa dhyAnI sthiti ujajaDa hatI. kepaTana eDavarDa 1774 mAM ane pachIthI

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ut prakaraNa 2 jI 1783 mAM ayeAdhyAnI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI, prathamatI mulAkAta vakhate teNe ayeAdhyAmAM vepAra, vaNaja, udyAga ane khetImAM AbAdI dIThI hatI. khIjI vakhate tene te ujjaDa ane bhayaMkara lAgyuM. mi. heAlTa paNa evAja purAvA Ape che. 1784 mAM eka sakhta duSkALa paDayA, ane avyavasthA ane laDAinAM kaSTAmAM bhukhamarAnAM kaTA umerAyAM. vArana hesTi MgsanI kArakIrdinA aMta. A badhI trAsadAyaka hakIkata briTiza pArlamenTane kAne gupta kamiTInA cha ripArTI ane silekaTa kamiTInA agIyAra riporTathI AvI. A riperTa sane 1782-83 mAM prasiddha thayA, ane te uparathI eTalu` spaSTa jaNAyuM ke regyuleTinga ekTanA vyavasthAprabaMdhathI joie tevA sudhArA thai zakyA nathI. rAjyavahIvaTathI punarapi sudhArA karavAnI mAgaNIyo mATe sAde thavA mAMDI. pheAsanu inDiyAbila jete eDamAMDa barke Teke ApyA hatA te pArlamenTa nAmaMjura karyuM paNu 1784 mAM pi%0tuM isTainDiyA bila pasAra thayu' ate tethI pahelIvAra kampanIneA kArabhAra briTiza tAjanI dekharekha nIce mUkAyA. kampanInA mulakI lazkarI ane mahesulI kAmakAjanI dekharekha tAje nImelA cha kamizanare ne sAMpavAmAM AvI. sAmA varSamAM vArana hesTiMgse peAtAnI ja gAnuM rAjInAmuM ApyuM ane lerDa kArnavolisa je uMcI suzIlatAvALA hatA ane jemane svabhAva udAra hatA temane inDiyAnA gavarnara janarala - tarIke meAkalyA. vArana hesTiMgsanI kArakIrdinA A TuMkA hevAlamAM ApaNe lekenI Arthika sthiti uparaja dhyAna ApyuM che, ane te dRSTibiMduthI e kArakIrdi niSphaLa nIvaDI e vAtathI ame atyaMta dIlagIra chIe. badhA niSpakSapAta ItihAsakAranA paNa Aja abhiprAya che. pazu vArana hesTi Mgsane insAph karavAnI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa, khAtara sane 1789 mi.-zAre--( pachIthI laoNrDa Tenamatha ) tenA bacAvamAM je dalIla karI hatI te ahIMyAM neAMdhavI joie. k kampanIne mahesulanA haka maLyAne Aja aThThAvIza varSe thai gayAM ane dIvAnI maLavAthI tamAma mulaka hamezane mATe maLyAne Aja cAvIsa varSa thai gayAM che. jyAre A lAbhanuM svarUpa ane tenI mattAneA ApaNe vicAra karIe, ane ApaNI rAjyasattA nIce mUkelA leAkanAM zIla, temanI bhASAnA bheda, ane rItabhAtanA tAvata upara najara nAMkhIe, jyAre te dezanA pAlA rIta rIvAjathI ane eziyAnA rAjyakAza bAbatanI rIteAthI kevaLa ajANyA chatAM ApaNe AvA meTA kAmamAM pravRtta thayA hatA te vAta kharAbara dhyAnamAM laie, tyAre ApaNe bhUlamAM paDyA hatA ane sudhAravAnI jarUra che te vAta svIkAravAthI kAine vismaya thaze nahi.'x A vicAramAM ghaNuM satya samAyaluM che, chatAM khIjA badhA karatAM vArana hesTiMgsane A TIkA sauthI ochI lAgu paDe che. vArana hesTiMgsa hiMdamAM nave nahateA, te leAkeAthI ajANyA na hatA. kevaLa bALaka hatA te vakhatanA te hiMdamAM AvyA hatA. teNe zarUAtanI jIMdagI halakA darajjAmAM gALI hatI. te vakhate leAkAmAM bhaLatA hatA, ane temanAM zIla samajI tenI tArIph karatA hatA. hiMdamAMthI nivRtta thayA pachI aThThAvIza varSe teNe kahyuM hatuM ke meM je sAgana lIdhAche te segana upara huM kahu chuM ke hiMdustAnanA leke nItibhraSTa che te vAta taddana pAyA vinAnI che, teo narama che, bhalA che, temanA upara mAyALupaNuM batAvIe . tene mATe upakAra buddhivALA che; apakAra sAme vairabudhdhithI teo prerAtA nathI, ane tIvra rAgadveSanA abhAvamAM dunIyAnI koi paNa prajAnI sarakhAmaNImAM te TakI zake tema che." jemane te pAte AvA jANatA hatA te lakAmAM hesTiMgse 17pa0-85 sudhI amala bhAgavyA hatA.+ 1-66 x Select Committee's fifth Report paN. 169. we

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78 - prakaraNa 2 ju temaja loke saMbaMdhI tenA vicArone anusaratAja hesTiMgsanAM jAhera kRtya paNa hatAM. je vakhate baMgALAnA loko pAsethI tamAma mulakI vepAra chInavI laIne kampanIne nekaro ekadama zrImaMta thaI javAmAM guMthAyA hatA te vakhate vorana hesTiMsa potAnA svadezionA julamanI sAme thavAmAM eka hAthe vAsiTArTanI sAthe sAmIla rahyA hatA. temaja 1772 thI 1785 sudhInA enA pitAnA kArabhAranI daramiyAna paNa ghoTALAmAMthI vyavasthA lAvavAne mATe eNe prayatna karyA hatA. eNe hiMdu ane musalamAnanA kAyadAonA saMgraha karAvI chapAvarAvyA. te kAyadAo pramANe nyAya ApavA mATe teNe nyAyasabhAo sthApI ane pachIthI ghaNuM sudhArA thayA te vAta kharI, paNa vyavasthAsara rAjyapadhdhatinI sthApanA karanAra eja hato. Izvaradatta vyavasthAzaktithI saMpanna ane lekanuM tathA dezanuM jJAna dharAvanAra eka rAjyapurUSane hAthe vahIvaTI kAmamAM UcA prakAranI phatehanI AzA svAbhAvika rIte rAkhI zakAya. paNa je rAjyakArakIrdinI phatehanuM mApa lokone maLelA sukha uparathI laIe te ema kahevuM joIe ke vairanahesTiM. sane kArabhAra kevaLa niSphaLa hato. briTiza sattA ane prabhAvane vistAra thaye lokeAnI Arthika sthiti sudharI nahi; paNa baMgALA, banArasa ane ayodhyAmAM kaSTa, baLavA, ane tophAnanI aMdhakAramaya paraMparAne avakAza maLe. A niSphaLatAnAM kAraNe so varSa pachI Aje ApaNe zAntithI tapAsI zakIzuM. te vakhatanA aMgrejonI sAthe heTiMgsa paNa inDiyAne eka moTI jAgIra lekho, ane pitAnA baLavAna bane te jAgIramAMthI napho levA pAchaLa lagADayuM. kampanInA naphAnI AgaLa lekanuM kalyANa gaNu thayuM. rAjA ane raiyatanA haka vepArI rAjyakartAonI A bhAvanAmAM hemAyA. 1770 nA duSkALa pachI paNa jamInanI mahesulamAM vadhAre karavAmAM AvyuM, ane baMgALAmAMthI trIjA bhAganI vasatinuM vAzIduM vaLAI gayuM. jamInadAra khAnadAne

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 78 jeo seMkaDo varSathI je jamInanA mAlIka hatA temane pitAnI jamInane mATe zAhukAra, ane saTerIAonI sAthe harAjImAM ubhA rahI IjAradAra tarIke mAgaNIo karavAne vakhata Avye. gharabAra cheDIne nAzI jatA athavA baMDa karIne sAmA thatA kheDutone sainike sakhta krUratAthI hAMkI hAMkIne pAchA ghara bhegA karatA. ane AvI rIte ekaThA karelA paisAne moTo bhAga igleMDanA bhAgIdArone pahoMcADI devAmAM Avato. game tevI Izvaradatta zakita hoya, bIjI rIte game tevI pUrNa haya, te paNa koI rAjyasattA eka dezanAM dhananAM sAdhana bIjA dezanA vepAramAM ghasaDI javAnI kozanIti rAkhIne, rASTrIya dAridraya ane duSkALane aTakAvavA samartha thAya nahi. vairana hesTiMgsanI niSphaLatAnuM A mukhya kAraNa hatuM ane tenAM nirdaya ane ApakhudI kRtyothI lekanAM duHkha vadhAre gherAM thayAM. moTA rAjyadhuraMdharonI vartaNuka upara itihAsakAranA nirNaya sivAya eka bIje nirNaya vidyamAna che. te nirNaya te lekanirNaya che. hiMdanA leke vairanahesTiMgsanA, lekane daridra banAvanAra, rAjyavahIvaTanI tarapha duHkha ane trAsathI jue che. ane tenI pachI AvanAra, pitAnA havAlAmAM soMpelI bahoLI vasatine mATe lAgaNI dharAvanAra ane temanA kalyANa mATe hiMmatathI kAma lenAra, rAjya purUSanA rAjyavahIvaTa upara upakAranI daSTithI jue che. lorDa kornavolisa-ane baMgALAne jamInadArI baMdobasta 1985-1993, piTTanuM InDiyA bila 1784 nA maTanI teramI tArIkhe pasAra thayuM. tene lIdhe kampanIne kArabhAra tajanI dekharekha nIce mUkAye, ane tethI keTalAka sudhArA karavAnI pharaja paDI. kampanInA kAryAdhyakSone 5NuM kAMi

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prakaraNa 2 ju. vyavasthA karavAnI jarUra jaNAI. temaNe rana hesTiMgsanA uttarAdhikArI tarIke UMcI zIlasaMpattivALA ane vipula dayAvRttivALA eka umarAvane pasaMda karyo; ane sane 1786 nA eprilanI 12 mI tArIkhe te umarAva upara eka patra lakhI tene kema vartavuM te bAbata khulAsethI sUcanAo ApI. A patramAM temaNe atyAra sudhI cAlatI vAraMvAra pharatI mahesulI rAjyanIti tarapha pitAnI nApasaMdagI jAhera karI ane kALajIpUrvaka dekharekha nIce game te eka rIte pakaDavAnI potAnI IcchA darzAvI. jamIna uparano kara harahameza vadhAryA karavAnI ane jUnA jamInadArone kahADIne temane badale ijAradAre, zAhukAro ane amInonA, jevA kheDutonA kalyANamAM jemane hamezano svArtha na hoya tevA sAhasika mANasenA, hAthamAM jamIna soMpavAnI rIta viruddha potAne abhiprAya batAvyo ane mahesulanA bharaNAmAM cUka na thAya tene sArU vAjabI dhoraNe "kAyamane mATe acaLa jamAdI " nI padhdhati pasaMda karI; ane jamAna tarIke jamInadAranA paraMparAnA haka jevuM phaLadAyaka bIjuM kAMIja nathI e abhiprAya batAvyo. temaNe sUcanA karI ke jyAM jyAM banI zake tyAM tyAM jamInadAro sAtheja baMdobasta karo, ane lakhyuM ke sakhtAI ane trAsadAyaka rIte adhurI vasula karI zakAya tevI caDhAvI dIdhelI jamAbandI karatAM vakhatasara niyamita rIte AvI jAya tevI mAphakasara jamAbandImAM ApanuM svArtha ane lokanuM kalyANa tathA jamInadAronI nirbhayatA vathAre sArI rIte sacavAya che." ane pariNAme acaLa bandobasta karavAnI IcchA batAvavAnI sAthe prathama mAtra daza varSano baMdobasta karavAnI bhalAmaNa karI " te patranA A TuMka sArathI vAMcanArane samajAze ke philipa kAnsise daza varSa upara nItimaya bhalAmaNa karIne je bIja vAvyuM hatuM te Aja UgyuM. daza varSanA kaDavA, lekanI apekSAe kaDavA, anubhava pachI hesTiMgsanI nirdaya ane varSovarSa badalAtI janAoe hAra khAdhI ane philipa phrAnsisanI darakhAstonuM DahApaNu vijaya pAmyuM.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. A navI yojanAne amalamAM mUkavA sArU je puruSanI pasaMdagI thaI hatI te sarva rIte A kAryane mATe yogya hatuM. tene vaoNrana hesTiMgsa jeTaluM hiMdanA kArabhAranuM jJAna na hatuM, paNa jemanA upara rAjya karavAne ene mokalavAmAM Avyo hato temanA upara tenA manamAM IzvarakRpAthI sAcI dayAtti hatI. inDiyAnA itihAsamAM ghaNIvAra bahALA sthAnika anubhavavALA ane saMkucita lAgaNIvALA rAjapuruSo niSphaLa thayA che ane loka kalyANumAM baLavAna niSThAvALA rAjapurUSa phatehamaMda thayA che, ane tethI ja Aje paNa hiMdanA kArabhAramAM yuropanI rAjyanItikuzaLatAnuM tattva dAkhala karavAnI jarUra jaNAya che. hiMdustAnamAM AvyA pachI lorDa kaoNlisane ema jaNAvyuM ke dasa varSanA baMdobastane mATe paNa jamInadArInA rIta rIvAja haka ane sAthanA dara vagerenI bAbatamAM pUrI tapAsa karavI jarUrI che, tethI teNe te tapAsa ekadama zarU karI. kamiTI opha ravinyunuM nAma borDa opha ravinyu kyAranuM pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM; tenI kAmagirI kAyama rAkhI. yuropiyana dIvAnI AMdhakArIone kalekaTara jaja" ane mejIsTreTanA saMyukta adhikAra A 5vAmAM AvyA to paNa phojadArI kAmone adhikAra hajI baMgALAnA navAbanA pratinidhinA hAthamAM ja rahyA hatA ane yuropIyana mejIsTreTa paNa gaMbhIra guhAo, InsApha thavA sArU te tarapha mokalatA. 1790 mAM rAjyavyavasthAmAM moTo pheraphAra thaze. gavarnara janarala ane sabhAdhyakSe tamAma ilAkAomAM phajadArI InsAphanI dekharekha pitAnA hAthamAM lIdhI. sadara phojadArI adAlata mudAbAdathI kalakatte AvI. be cA darajajAnA nyAyAdhIzone mejIsTreTanI sattA uparAMtanA guhAonI tapAsa karavAne adhikAra Ape. dIvAnI ane phojadArI dhArAnI pharIthI vyavasthA karI ane IgrejI ane dezI bhASAomAM tenA tarajumA chapAvIne bahAra pADavA. * dezAdhyakSa * vyavahAra nyAyAdhIza ane sAhasa nyAyAdhIza.

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82 prakaraNa 2 ju. 1793 mAM dIvAnI ane phojadArI insAphanI rItimAM bIjA sudhArA thayA. nyAya ane kAryabhAra khAtAM judAM pADavAM. mahesulasabhA ane dezAdhyakSo pAsethI mahesulanI bAbatane nyAyAdhikAra laI lIdhe. dezAdhyakSa pAsethI sAhasa zAsananI (jadArI) sattA paNa laI levAmAM AvI; ane dezAdhyakSa (kalekaTara) karatAM vadhAre darajajAnA amaladArane vyavahAra nyAyAdhyakSa ane dareka vibhAgamAM sAhasAdhikArI tarIke nImyo. ane Aja amaladArane potAnA vibhAganI polisanI dekharekha paNa soMpavAmAM AvI. kalakattA, paTanA, dhAkA ane muzadAbAdamAM ema cAra ThekANe uparI nyAya sabhAo paNa sthApI. mahaisUranA TIpu sulatAna sAthe zarU thayelA yuddhamAM lorDa kornavolIsane jAte bhAga levAnI jarUra paDI. teNe haisUranI rAjadhAnI sara karI. sane 1792 mAM pitAnA lakhAvyA pramANe Tipune saMdhipatra lakhI ApavA pharaja pADI. AthI briTizane pazcimanA kAlIkaTa ane kurga e prAMta ane pUrvamAM baDAmahAla nAmano prAMta maLyo. A baDAmahAlamAM mahesulane baMdebasta karavAmAM TaeNmasa maro 1792 thI 1%4 sudhI rokAyA hatA, ane A vakhate meLavelA anubhavathI teo madrAsanA sahuthI vadhAre prasiddha mahesulI amaladAra thayA. baMgALAmAM zarU thayelI mahesulI tapAsa have purI thavA AvI hatI. 1789 nA junanI 18 mI tArIkhanI mi. zeranI acaLa jamAbandI bAbatanI noMdhathI tevI mahesulanI rAjyanItine pAye naMkhAyo. A nUdhane sAra paNa ahIM Apavo zakya nathI. mULamAM, hakIkata ane AMkaDA sAthe pAMcamA ripi nAM zIra pAnAM e noMdhamAM rokAyAM che, paNa mi. zaranI tapAsamAM nIkaLelI keTalIka hakIkatane atre sthAna ApavAnI jarUra che. je ToDaramalanI mahesula mAphakasara hatI ema ApaNe prathama daraje mAnI laIe to upara batAvelo vadhAre sumAravinAno nahi lAge. ToDaramala ane jApharakhAnanI vaccenA vakhatamAM dezamAM AbAdI ghaNuM vadhI hatI, kAra

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika pratihAsa, 83 guke vANijyanAM navAM dvAra ughaDayAM hatAM, ane sAmAnya rIte vepAranA vistAra vaNA vadhyA hatA; ane seAnuM rUpuM, je akabaranA vakhatamAM A dezamAM pramANamAM jUja hatuM te navI nherA dvArA dezamAM reDAyuM hatu. eTalu ja nahi, paNa je nItithI udharANInI hada mukarara karI udyAga ane sArI vyavasthAne lAbha raiyatanA hAthamAMja rahevA devAmAM AvyeA, te nItinuM DahApaNa ApaNe svIkArIe chIe, ete ApaNe mAna ApIye chIe, ane tenAM vakhANa karIe chIe. ''+ pachI mi. zAra, sujAkhAna, alivardikhAna, ane mIrakAsame karelA vadhArAnI hakIkata lakhe che. nIcenA kAThAmAM e AMkaDA jaNAi Avo. 1TADaramalanA dAkhasta-sane 1582 2 sulatAna sujAkhAnane 1658 3 jArakhAnane 4 sujAkhAnane 1722 1728 uparathI jaNAze ke musalamAnanA rAjyane ante A mahesulamAM kaMi jhAjho phera jaNAtA nathI, paraMtu 1722 ane 1763 nI vacce keTalAka parasu. raNa vadhArA thayA hatA. "9 99 29 2. 10693112. 13115907. 14288186. 14245561. . + pAMcamA ripeA. 1912 pAnuM 169, 238. + pAna 14. "" briTiza rAjyanI zarUAtamAM je upaja nakkI karavAmAM AvI hatI te vAta upara AvatAM mi. zAr 1762 thI 1765 nA AMkaDA A pramANe Ape che. 16 paheluM vaSaeN kAsamaalInu, khIjuM ane trIjI' mIrajApharanI dekharekha nIce nandakumAranu ane cethuM-dIvAnInu pahelu -mahamada raeNjhAkhAnanuM tenA AMkaDA A pramANe.

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84 1062-63 1763-64 1764-65 1765-66 prakaraNa 2 jI. rU. 6456198 7618407 8175533 14704875 briTiza rAjyasattA daramiyAna Arthika apavAha e khAsa lakSaNa hatuM, tenA sabaMdhamAM mi. zAra lakhe che ke: kampanI vepArI che temaja dezanI rAjA che. pahelA darajajAnI rUie tee dezanA vepAra kabaje karyeA che, ane khIjA darajjAne AdhAre teo dezanI upaja khAya che. dezamAMthI mAla kharIdI-te dvArA nANAM yurepa mekalavAmAM Ave che. "mAlanI mAgaNI vadhAre thatAM rAjyanI raiyatane udyAganA vadhArA thayA te bAbata ApaNe game teTalI chUTa mUkIe te pazu tethI je lAbha thAya che te dUranA pararAjyanI rItanAM Avazyaka nukasAneAnI sAme ka Mija nathI evA anumAna upara AvavuM paDe che. "" barnIaranA vakhatathI te ApaNane dIvAnI maLI tyAM sudhInI je je hakIkA maLe che te uparathI eTaluM te spaSTa samajAya che ke hiMdustAnanA uttaranA mulakA sAthe, mAreAnA akhAta sAthe, irAnanA akhAta joDe ane malabAra kInArA sAthe bagALAnA ghaNA vepAra hatA. paradezI yurIpIyana kampanIe-A dvArA mAla ane seAnArUpAnuM vaLatara karatI, ane pUrva taraph aNu jatu tenu' paNa vaLatara sAnerUpe AvatuM, k paNa 1765 pachI ethI ulaTIja sthiti thai paDI che. kampanInA vepArane sarakhA badalo maLatA nathI; sAnu N rUpuM paradezI kampanIe maMgAvatI nathI, tema hi MdustAnanA bIjA bhAgAmAMthI paNa meATA jathAmAM baMgALAmAM AvatuM nathI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. badhuM jotAM A pramANe abhiprAya ApavAmAM mane kaija AnAkAnI nathI ke:-kampanInA hAthamAM dIvAnI AvI tyArathI te Aja sudhImAM dezanI senA rUpAnI cAlatI samRddhi dhaNI echI thai gai che; pUrve je mArgothI temAM puraNI thatI te have baMdha thai gayA che. ane cIna, madrAsa ane muMbaimAM nAAM mokalavAnI jarUra hAvAthI temaja yuropiyana leAkA paNa nANuM IMgleMDa meAkalAvI de che, te badhAnI sAmaTI asara dezanu rUpu' thADA vakhatamAM khalAsa thai jaze."* 5 uparathI jaNAze ke mi. zAra rUpAne jathA niHzeSa thayAnI vAta kare che. eDamasmithanA vakhata pahelAM-sonArUpAthI dezanI samRddhinu mApa thatuM hatuM, paNa kharI ni:zeSatA je te ATalI aMdhI joradAra bhASAmAM varNave che te judI rItanI milakatanI, lAkanA khArAkanI niHzeSatA hatI. baMgALAmAM mahesulanA na dobastanI je traNa rIteA sabhavatI hatI te upara carcA karatAM mi, zere darzAvyu hatuM ke ( 1 ) raiyata sAthe parabAre badobasta karavA, ( 2 ) zvAradAra sAthe karavA ane ( 3 ) jamInadArA sAthe baMdobasta karavA; e traNemAM chellI rIta dezanA hitanI khAtara ane rAjyanA bhalAnI khAtara pasa Mda karavA lAyaka che. lakhe che keH jamInanI mAlikI jamInadAronI ApaNe kabula karI che. paNa jyAM sudhI e mAlikI hakanI ki Mmata thAya tevAM pagalAM laie nahi tyAM sudhI e haka kabUla karyAMthI dezamAM sudhArA thai jaze nahi. ApaNA jevA paradezI rAjyanA haka ravadezI rAjAnI mAgaNI karatAM vadhAre mAphakasaraja hAvA joie; ane ApaNA hukAnI ki Mmata paNa nizcala karavA mATe ApaNe ApaNI mAMgaNI paNa nizcala karI nAMkhavI joie. ApaNA peAtAnA rAjyanA keMdrathI ApaNe ardhA bhUMgAla jeTalA dUra beThA chIe; e sthitimAM hiMdanA rAjyavahIvaTa * perA 133-132-135-136-140.

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prakaraNa 2 ju upara bane teTaluM vyAvahArika aMkuza hindustAnamAM ja joIe; ane eTaluM siddha karavuM joIe ke agatyanI sattA ApavAmAM saMkeca na rahe, ane vasatInI milakata niraMkuza svataMtratA ane mijAjanA pavanathI nirbhaya rahe. rAjyano haka upajanA dazamAMthI nava bhAga jeTaluM TharAvyo hato, te evI AzAthI ke jamInadAro potAnI jAgIra sudhArI dasamA bhAganI kiMmatamAM dhIme dhIme vadhAro karI zakaze. baMgALAnA jamInadArone haka mi. zora nIce pramANe samajyA hatA. jamInadAro jamInanA mAlika che. tenI mAlikI temanA dharmanA dhArA mujaba vaMzaparaMparA utare che, ane rAjyasattAne paNa InsAphanI rUie kAyadesara vArasa hoya tyAM sudhI te mAlikI paDAvI levAno athavA temAM koI pheraphAra karavAno adhikAra nathI. A mULa hakanA aMgamAMja jamIna vecavAno ane ghareNe mukavAno haka samAyelo che, ane ApaNane dIvAnI maLI te pahelAMthI te loka tene upabhega karatA AvyA che. atyAra sudhI je niraMkuza rAjya paddhati cAlatI hatI te daramiAnuM jamInadAronA A hakone pratyakSa bhaMga karyA vinA aneka viparyAso karI nAkhyA hata, paNa sAmAnya rIte belatAM te samayamAM paNa A hakonA upabhogane vahIvaTa che. akabaranA rAjyamAM jamInadAro AbAda ane samRddhivALA hatA, ane jyAre tenA ane tenA vArasAnA hAtha nIce jApharakhAnane baMgALAnA adhikArI nImyA te vakhate paNa teo (jamInadAro) vidyamAna hatA. te pachI emanI sarahado temaNe ghaNI vadhArI dIdhI che ane jyAre aMgreja AvyA tyAre te mukhya jamInadAre lakSmI ane AbarUne sAro dekhAva ApatA hatA. baMgALAnA dareka jIllAmAM jyAM niraMkuzatAe niyama mAtrane bhaMga nathI karyo tyAM jamInanI sAthe mAmulI rIta pramANe levAya che ane keTalAMka

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 87 paragaNAomAM gAme gAma judI judI rIta che. A mAmulI dara vIghAne hIsAbe upajanA pramANamAM mukarara thayela che. keTalIka jamInamAM varSe divase be mela thAya che. keTalIkamAM traNa thAya che ane zetura pAna, tamAku, zelaDI vigere kiMmatI mela ApanArI jamInanI kiMmata pramANamAM vadhAre che. jeo potAnA ja gAmanI jamIna kheDe che temane sAdhAraNa rIte vagara mudatana paTA karI ApavAmAM Ave che, ane be varSa sAtha ApavAnI sarate tamane jamIna ApavAmAM AvI che, e cokhkho lekha heAya che. AmAMthI kabajAno haka utpanna thAya che. jeo bahAragAmathI AvIne jamIna kheDe che, temane vadhAre cekasa paddhatithI paTA karI ApavAmAM Ave che. eTale temanA paTAmAM mudata TharAvelI hoya che, je temane pratikULatA jaNAya che teo bIje gAma jAya che. mi. zera potAnI noMdhanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM nIce pramANe sAra Ape che. have pachInA mahesulanA baMdobastanI bhArI darakhAstanAM be mukhya dhoraNo che. sarakArane upajanI ane lokane rakSaNa ane milakatanI kAyamanI salAmatI. pahelI vAta jamInadAra sAthe acaLa jamAbaMdI karyAthI sArI rIte siddha thaze, ane jamIna je temanI milakata che, te sarakAra mATe jAmInagirImAM bIjI, karavidhinA nizcita dhAraNA pramANe vahIvaTa karyAthI siddha thaze. dareka jaNane je kara ApavAnuM hoya te nizcita hovo joIe, aniyata nahIM; temaja kara bharavAne vakhata, kara bharavAnI rIta, karanI rakama e tamAma bAbate sarvane khabara paDe tevI rIte spaSTa ane prasiddha hovI joIe. te pachI hAla dasa varSa mATe paNa pAchaLathI niyapUrvaka acaLa karavAnA IrAdAthI jamAbaMdIne baMdebasta kare joIe."

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prakaraNa 2 ju. + A tA mi, zeranI teAMdhanI rekhA mAtra che. philipa phrAnsise jenI prathama himAyata karI hatI te * kAyamanI jamAbaMdI ' ne eNe TakA ApyA che. A pachInI eka noMdhamAM mi. zare daza varSanI jamAdI karavAnI sAthe pachIthI tene acaLa karavAnA irAdya che, ema prasiddha karavAnI je darakhAsta karI hatI; te pramANe te irAdo prasiddha karavAnI virUddha mata teAMdhyA hatA. A vAta ne prasiddha karavAthI sarakAranI nIti zI che, e sabadhamAM lekane bhrAnti thaze evA hetuthI lArDa kornavolise A pAchaLanI neAMdhanI sAme vAMdhA uDAvyA; te khAbatane potAnA abhiprAya darzAvatAM te nIce pramANe lakhe cheH L mi. zAre gayA junanI neAMdhamAM jamInadAranA mAlikI haka spaSTatAthI sAkhIta karyeA che paNa jo acaLatAnI prasiddhi na thAya te mI. zeAranI laDatane jamInadArAne kAMija lAbha maLaze nahi. jyAre jamInane hakadAra mAlika paNa daza varSanA mudatabaMdhI ijAradAra ja thavAneA che, ane te pachI jo nave. sathI rakama nakkI karavAnA prasaMga ajJAnathI athavA lobhathI tenA upara AvavAno sa Mbhava hoya teA jamInamAM sudhArA karavAnI vAta te huM nathIja kahetA-paNa jamInane nukasAna thatu N aTakaze eTalI pNa AzA rAkhavAnuM huM kAraNu jotA nathI. ema kahI zakAya ke atyAre kampanInI hadanA trIjo bhAga jaMgalI prANIethI bhareluM jaMgala che. daza varSanA paTAthI kAIpaNa jamInArane A jaMgala cokhkhu karI kheDavANa karavAnuM ane raiyatane vAsa karavA uttejana ApavAnuM mana thaze ? jyAre e jANatA hAya ke daza varSanI Akhare tevI kheDavANa thayelI jamIna uparanA dar sarakAranI marajI mujaba vadhavAne sabhava che, athavA kharaca karIne je sudhArA karyo. hAya+ tenu' kharaca puratu pAchuM meLavyA pahelAM evI rIte sudhArelI jamIna cheoDavI paDaze; te pachI jADa jamInane kANu sudhAraze ? leDa phaeNnavAlisanI miniTa. tA. 18 mI sapTeMbara sana 1789,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. mane ema nisaMzaya lAge che ke je A ilAkAo daza varSane paTe ApavAmAM Avaze to te mudata Akhara deza daridra ane pAyamAla thaI jaze. * A pachInI eka naMdhamAM pharIthI leDa kaoNlisa potAnA rAjyanItinipuNa abhiprAya A pramANe darzAve che. je ApaNe kAyadA ghaDIne jamInadArone pitAno udyoga ane nItinuM phaLa ApIe, ane tenI sAthe ja "Alasya ane uDAupaNAnuM phaLa paNa anubhavavAno prasaMga ApIe to thoDA vakhatamAM kAMte temaNe potAnuM kAma karatAM zIkhavuM paDaze, athavA jamInane jeo kheDI sudhArI zake, tevAone nAme jamIna caDAvI ApavAnI temane pharaja paDaze. jamInadArone nItivAna ane sAmAjIka hitanA DAhyA nikSepI banAvavAne ApaNe mATe athavA koIpaNa sarakArane mATe Aja eka asarakAraka 4 mArga che. mAhItI ekaThI karatAM viza varSa lAgyAM che. sane 1768 mAM ApaNe tajavIjadAro nImyA; 1770 mAM pratika mahesula sabhAo sthApI; 1772 mAM mukhya sabhAnI tamAma sattA ApIne eka pharIthI kamiTI nImI; sane 1776 mAM AkhA dezanA sAthanAM patrake karavAne amIne nImyA; sane 1781 mAM mahesulanI prAntika sabhAo kahADI nAMkhI ane chelle chelle dezAdhyakSo (Collector ) mokalyA, ane sarakAranI pratyakSa najara nIce kalakattAmAM eka mahesula sabhA nImI tene tamAma mahesula vahIvaTa soMpyo. ApaNA pUrvajonI peThe ApaNe paNa mAhItI meLavavAthI zarUAta karI ane te ekaThI karatAM traNa varSa lAgyAM ane badhA dezAdhyakSae dareka agatyanI bAbata upara thokaDAbaMdha riperTo mokalyA che -- " * * * * uparanAM kAraNathI ane khAnagI dhanane paradeza makalI dIdhAthI thayelA bhAre apavAhanAM pariNAma ghaNuM varSathI jaNAvA mAMDyAM che. tenuM rUpuM ghaTI * laeNDaeN kaeNlisanI miniTa. 1760

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prakaraNa 2 . gayuM che ane tethI dezanI khetImAM ane vepAramAM sustI AvI gaI che. * * * * A dezane pharIthI AbAda karavA sArU ane tene jagatanA A bhAgamAM briTiza svArtha ane sattAnA saMgIna AdhAra rUpa banAvavA mATe ApaNI rAjyavyavasthAnAM dhoraNamAM vAstavika pheraphAra karavAnI anivArya AvazyakatA che. * * * * tyAre ApaNe mAthe sArvajanika svArthane jethI bezaka nukazAna thAya che tevAM vartamAna dUSaNonA upAya karavAnuM kAma AvI paDayuM che; ane niyata jamAlandIthI acaLa paTa ApavAthI ApaNI raiyatane hiMdustAnamAM sukhImAM sukhI raiyata banAvI zakIzuM. 1791 nA navembaramAM dasa varSanA baMdobastane mATe eka kAyado bahAra pADo ane 1783 mAM baMgALAnA dareka jIllAmAM baMdobasta thaI gayo. baMgALA, bihAra, ane orisAmAMthI 2,68,00,489 be karoDa aDasaThalAkha navase nevAzI rUpiyA upajyA. A rakama te saikAnI zarUAtamAM jApharakhAna ane sujAkhAnane upajelI rakama karatAM lagabhaga bamaNI hatI. ane kampanInI dIvAnInA pahelA varSamAM (1765-66) mAM briTiza dekharekha nIce mahamada rejhAkhAne upajAvelI rakamanA karatAM paNa bamaNI hatI. eTale A AMkaNI jeTalI sakhta thaI zake teTalI sakhta hatI, ane e chevaTanI ane acaLa che evuM jAhera thI ATalI badhI caDhAvI devAnuM zakya banyuM hatuM. 1792 nA sapTembaramAM kampanInA rAjya karyAdhyakSoe A parAkramanAM vakhANa karyA ane acaLa paTA karI ApavAnI maMjurI ApI. 1793 nA mArcamAM oNrDa kernalise thayelI athavA thatI jamAbandI acaLa che, evuM jAheranAmuM kuhADyuM. te jAheranAmAnI pahelI traNa kalamo A pramANe che,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 1 1. 1789 nA sapTembaranI 18 mIe agALAne mATe, 1789 nA navembaranI 25 mIe bihArane mATe, 1790 nA phebruArInI 10 mIe eri sAne mATe dasa varSanA paTTAnA je kAyadA karyAM hatA, temAM, dasa varSa mATe mukarara karelI jamAbandInA peTA isTa inDiyA kampanInA nAmadAra rAjyakAryAdhyakSAnI majurInI sarate haMmezane mATe kAyama karavAmAM Avaze, evuM jAhera karavAmAM AvyuM hatu. " ra. have tamAma jamInadArA, svataMtra tAlukadArA ane bIjA jamInanA vAstavika mAlikAne A uparathI mArkevasa kArnAlisa tegArTaranA sAtkRSTa varganA nATa, ane hiMdustAnanA gavarnara janarala A uparathI jAhera kare che ke isTa inDiyA kampanInA nAmadAra rAjyakAryAdhyakSe e uparanA kAyadA mujaba niyata karelI athavA niyata thatI jamA ( acaLa karavA ameAne maMjurI ApI che. " 3. te mujam rAjyasabhA saha virAjamAna gavarnara janarala tamAma jamInadArA, svataMtratAlukadAre| ane bIjA jamInanA vAstavika mAlikAne A uparathI jAhera kare che ke teo sAthe athavA temanI vatI khIjAe sAthe uparanA kAyadAnI rUe jamAnandIneA jeba dobasta thayA che, temAM, uparanI mudata vItI gayA bAda, je jamA ApavA mATe te badhAyA che, temAM kAMipaNa pheraphAra karavAmAM Avaze nahi paNa tene temanA vArasAne ane kAyadesara hakadArAne te jAgIra te jamAthI ' yAvaccaMdra divAkarI ' dhAraNa karavA devAmAM Avaze.-- ' te mujaba 1793 nA 1 le, te acaLa jamAbandIneA kAyado pasAra thayA. hiMMdustAnamAM doDhaso varSanA amalanI daramiyAna leAkatuM Arthika kalyANu susidhdha karanAra A eka moTuM kRtya che, te kRtya aniyata ane vardhamAna rAja hakathI leAkanA udyogane pakSadhAta na karatAM temanA udyAgane naphe temaneja rahevA devAnI sudharelI prajAenI arvAcIna ArthikanItine anusaratuM

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kara prakaraNa 2 jI. che. chellAM seA varSamAM baMgALAmAM khetInA baheALeA vistAra thayeA che. ane 1793 mAM upaja eTalI vadhI che ke mahesulanI rakama je ceAkhI upajanA nevuM TakA jeTalI hatI te atyAre ceAkhI upajanA aThThAvIsa TakAnA pramANamAM AvI che; ane 6 TakA jeTalA navA kareA, rastA ane jAhera bAMdhakAmeAne mATe nAMkhavAmAM AvyA che. sane 1993 pachI jIMdagInI gaMbhIra khuvArI thai hoya tevA eka paNa dukALa acaLa jamAbandI vALA gALAmAM paDayA nathI. hiMdustAnanA khInna bhAgAmAM jyAM mahesula aniyata ane atizaya che tyAM jamIna sudhAravAne ke nANAM bacAvavAne lebha rahete| nathI; ane dukALa paDe che tyAre lAkhA mANusA maraNa pAme che. jo raiyatanAM AyAdI ane sukha rAjyanA vijaya ane DahApaNanI kameTI hoya te lADa kornavAlisane 1993 ne acaLa jamAbaMdInA prAdha-e briTiza prajAnuM hi MdanA sa MbaMdhamAM DAhyAmAM DAhyuM ane sauthI vadhAre tehamada kRtya che. baMgALAnI acaLa jamAbaMdI thayA pachI pAMca varSe IMgla'DamAM paNa acaLa jamALadI dAkhala thai. paNa tyAM te tethI mAtra umarAneja prAyado thayA che. ahIMyAM acaLa jamA dhInA prabaMdhathI khetIvADI upara nirvAha karatI tamAma raiyatane sukha thayuM che. khetI karanAra vargane ene saMpUrNa lAbha maLe che ane tethI karIne tee AbAda ane sAdhanasa panna thayA che. IMgla'DamAM umarAva varga upara jo vadhatA aTakayA che, paNa hiMdustAnamAM te eka AkhI prajAne duSTa ane vinAzakAraka duSkALanI pIDAmAMthI bacAvI che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. ha prakaraNa 3 ju. --~~ -~ madrAsa, 1. madrAsamAM mahesulanA IjArA, (1763-1785). pAchalA prakaraNamAM sane 1757-1793 sudhInuM baMgALAnA Arthika ItihAsanuM nirUpaNa thayuM. have ApaNe madrAsa tarapha vaLIe. te pradezamAM briTiza ane phreMca loko vacce yuddha cAlatAM hatAM paNa te 1763 nA pArisanA saMdhithI baMdha paDayAM. dakSiNa hiMdustAnanI mAlikI mATe A be rAjyasattAo vacce bahu kada vigraha cAlyo hato. prathama to hiMdamAM kAnsanuM sAmrAjya sthApavAnI zarUAta karanAra duple ane robarTa kalAIva vaccenA prasaMgamAM kalAIve duplenI apUrNa ImArata toDI pADI. te pachI pUrvanA dezomAM kAnsanI sattAnA astitva mATe buddhimAna khurasI ane ugra svabhAvanA lAlI e be saradAroe svadeza vatsalatA, bharyA AtmarakSaNanA yatna karyA; temAM Ayara kUTe emane harAvyA. pArisanA saMdhimAM iMglaMDanA vijayano aMgIkAra thayo te pachIthI hiMdustAnamAM kAjo IMglaDanI harIphAI karavI baMdha pADI. A laDAIonA vAraMvAra kathAyelA ItihAsane bAju upara rAkhIne lekanI Arthika sthitinA nirUpaNa upara AvIe. kAraNake hiMdustAnane ItihAsa e hiMdustAnamAM kAnsa ane IMgleMDa vaccenAM yuno ItihAsa nathI paNa hiMdustAnanA lokonA Arthika ane sAmAjika sthitine, temanAM vepAra udyoga ane khetIne itihAsa che. ane A kharA itihAsa upara bahuja jUja lakSa apAyeluM che, tethI ja A graMthamAM ekalA teja viSayanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che.

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prakaraNa 3 . 1763 mAM pArisanA saMdhi thayo. pAMDIzerInuM sa MsthAna ane bIjI keTalIka jagAe krecane pAchI soMpavAmAM AvI. paNa IMgrejo dakSiNa hiMdamAM sarveAparI rahyA. iMgrejane banAvelA mahamadaalI karNATakane navAba thayA; paNa grejanI svAMga milakata tA madrAsanI AsapAsanI theADI jamIna ane baMgAlA taraphanA pUrvanA kinArA, eTalIja hatI. karNATaka, karNATakanA navAba mahamadaalInuM svarUpa gAlAnA navAba mIrakAsamanA karatAM taddana ulaTuMja hatuM. mIrakAsama nizcayavALA ane baLavAna mANasa hatA. mahamadaalI nabaLeA ane meAjazekhI hatA. mIrakAsama briTiza prabhAvathI dUra rahIne rAjyavyavasthAnI racanA karavA sArU peAtAnI rAjadhAnI meAMdhIra lai gayA; mahamadaalIe peAtAnI rAjadhAnI AkATa choDIne briTizAnA zaheramAM madrAsamAM meAjazAkhanI vacce rahevAnu pasaMda karyuM. mIrakAsama aDaga hatA. karakasara karavAvALA hatA, ane gAdIe AvyA pachI e varSanI aMdara briTizanuM tamAma devu teNe patAvI dIdhu; mahamadaalI kampanInu devu vALA sakyA nahi ane karajamAM vadhAre ne vadhAre ghasaDAye. mIrakAsama baMgALAnA mulakI vepAra potAnI raiyatanA hAthamAM rAkhavA sArU briTiza sAthe laDayeA; mahumadaalIe potAnI jamIna briTiza zAhukArAne kakaDe kakaDe mAMDI ApI ane Akhare potAnA tamAma mulaka nANAM dhIranArAonA hAthamAM sAMpI dIdhA. mIrakAsamane tenA rAjyamAMthI kahADI mukavAmAM AvyA hatA, ane te paradezamAMja maraNa pAmyo. mahamadaalIe akIrtikara parata tratAmAM, meAjazAkha ane pharajamAM jIvana gALyuM, ane pAkI umare maraNa pAmyA. pUrvanA briTiza sAmrAjyamAM baLavAna rAjAne mATe sthAna na hatuM; ane nabaLA rAjAne jIvavAnI, nANAM vyAje levAnI, ane rAjyanI upajamAMthI vyAja bharavAnI chUTa ApavAmAM AvI hatI. 84

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, 95 A namaLA rAjAnA amala daramiyAna kampanIne peAtAnA prabhAva ane peAtAnI sattA vadhAravAnuM bahu sugama paDayuM. kampanIne ahI baMgALAnI peThe karNATakanA dIvAnanA adhikAra levAnI jarUra paDI na hatI. ulaTuM dIvAna ane nijhAma ( mahesulI vahIvaTadAra ane lazkarI saradAra ) e ane adhikAra nAmamAM te mahamadaalInAja hAthamAM hatA; ane kharI sattA ja vAstavika rIte kampanInA hAthamAM hatI. dezanuM lazkarI rakSaNa kampanIe hAthamAM lIdhuM, ane navAbanI upajane thoDA bhAga te sArU mAMDI lIdhA. kampanInI mAgaNI laDAInI sAthe vadhavA mAMDI, ane navAbe kaMpanInI mAgaNI pUrI pADavA sArU kampanInA nAkarA pAse nANAM vyAje levAnI vicitra rIta AdarI. AnA karatAM vadhAre gaMbhIra kRtya te A nANAM mATe je jamAnagarI ApI te hatuM. potAnA khAnagI sa MgrahamAMthI nANAM levAnI azakti athavA nAmarajIne lIdhe teNe rAjyanI upaja khAnagI leNudArAne mAMDI ApI. navAbanA kheDuteA navAbanA maTI dhIranAranI sattAmAM gayA. khetareAmAM je pAka utare tenA upara briTiza zAhukArAnI jAyunI TAMca kAyamaja hatI. navAbanA nAkarAe ghaNIvAra dabANa ane kAraDAthI udharAvelAM nANAM yuropa mokalAvI devA sArU kampanInA nAkarAne sAMpI devAmAM AvyAM. AkhuM karNATaka TAparA vinAnu nALIera thai rahyuM. dakSiNa hiMdanAM gAma pAdara eka moTI ijAradAranI jAgIra thai rahI. ane kheDutA kheDatA ane majurA majurI karatA te upaja yureApa mokalavA mATe. AthI dezane ane svadezIne bamaNu N nukasAna thayuM. navAbanI udharAtanI paddhatie sakhta ane nirdaya chatAM sthitisthApaka hatI; ane tenI letarI varSovarSa utpanna thatA pAkane anukUla thAya tevI hatI. paNa jyAre briTiza dAkhala thayA te vakhate navAbanI nirdayatAnI sAthe briTiza paddhatinI sakhtAi ane akaDAinA yAga thayA. navAbanA zAhukAronA hUkA sakhtAithI levAvA

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96 prakaraNa 3 jI. mAMDavA, ane tethI kadI nahIM anubhaveluM evuM dabANa kheDuteAe anubhavyuM. khIjI taraphathI navA jyAM sudhI e upaja bhogavatA tyAM sudhI te upaja dezamAMja vaparAtI, ane eka athavA bIjA svarUpamAM dezamAMte dezamAMja hAtha badalA karatI; paNa mAMDI ApelA mulakanI tamAma upaja jyArathI briTi zanA hAthamAM javA lAgI tyArathI te deza cheDIne hamezane mATe cAlI gai. deza garIba thatA gayA. vepAra ane udyoga utarI javA mAMDayA. hiMdustAnamAM insAphanA vahIvaTanI tapAsa karavA beThelI miTIe tapAselA sAkSInI jubAnIomAM Ane purAvA ApaNane maLI Ave che. jyArja smitha ekavAyara savAlanA javAbamAM lakhAveche keH-- rr huM 1764 mAM hiMdustAnamAM pahecyA. 1767 thI 1779 sudhI madrAsamAM rahyA. jyAre huM madrAsa paDelA pahAcyA te vakhate madrAsanA vepAra AbAda sthitimAM hatA, madrAsanI hiMdustAnanA pahelA darajjAnA bajAramAM gaNatrI hatI. jyAre meM choDayu tyAre madrAsamAM bIlakula vepAra nahAtA, athavA nahi jevA hatA ane AkhA zaheranA vepAra mATe Akhu` eka vahANa hatuM. jyAre huM tyAM pahAcyuM! tyAre khetInI bAbatamAM kaNATakanI sthiti sArI hatI. khetI ThIka thatI, leAkAnI vasati jAmelI hatI, ane vepAranA mAlanI ghaNI kharI cIjo tyAM khapatI hatI, paNa jyAre meM madrAsa cheDayu tyAre khetInI bAbatamAM deza bahuja utarI gayA hatA, vasati ghaNI ghaTI gai hatI; ane vepAra bahuja saMkucita thai JayeA hateA." + kampanInA nAkA, madrAsanI rAjyasabhAnA sadasyA suddhAMta navAbane nANAM dhIrIte meTI samRddhi bhegI karatA hatA; ane kampanInA rAjya kAryAdhyakSe te potAnAM kRtyonI khabara ApavAne iMtejArI rAkhatA nahAtA. - navame ripeArTa 1683 me. pA 120.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. paNa adhyakSasabhAnA hukamathI temaNe 1767mAM badhuM karaja daza TakAne vyAje ekatrita karyuM hatu, te vakhate vakhata evI AzA batAvatA ke navAba e badhuM karaja patAvI zakaze. paNa e vyavahAra baMdha karavAmAM emanA svArtha nahotA, temaja nabaLA ane nAlAyaka navAbane paNa te sUjhayuM nahi. khAtuM baMdha thayuM ja nahIM, ane jyAre 1769 mAM A khAtAne AkhA hisAba adhyakSasabhA AgaLa raju thayA tyAre temanA krodhanI hada rahI nahi. 97 " tame A tamAma vyavahAra amArAthI chAneA rAkhyA che, ane te uparathI amane zakA jAya che, ke mahamadaalIne utkarSa vadhAravAnI tamArI yAjanAmAM e vyavahAranuM vajana kAraNabhUta haze; paNa tema hai| vA na heA paNu A vyavahAra chAno rAkhavAmAM tame medI gaphalata pharI che, evI amArI khAtrI che. * navAnI pAse lagabhaga vIsa varSanA arasAmAM eka yuddhamAM ene madada karavAnA prasa Mge amArUM ( kampanInuM) je leNuM thayuM te vasula karavAnI krUraja seAMpavAmAM AvyA pachI, amArA tAkA AvA meTA jAhera nikSepane amala karavAnuM cUkI amArI sAthe sarasAimAM emanA khAnagI svArthane sUke e kevI rIte pharaja ane vaphAdArInI sAthe badhakhesatu N thai zake ? ane peAtAne khAnagI hiMsAme mAMDI ApelI upaja vasula karavAmAM teo kampanonu sainya, sattA ane pratApane kevI rIte upayoga karI zake ? '' xxx, ' navAbanAM keTalAMka ki MmatI paragaNAMnI upaja je kampanInA karajanI vasulAtamAM bharAvI joIe te upaja khAnagI mANaseAne mAMDI levAnI chUTa ApavAmAM amArA te gavarnara ane temanI sabhAe khAnagI svArthAne pasadagI ApI che, te eka sArvajanika nikSepane asahya bhaMga karyo che. ane ghaNe aMze kampanInA rakSaNathIja A upaja AvavA mAMDI che, te jotAM te, A vartaNukanI ni MdhatAM bahuja spaSTa che; ane uparanI upajatA asvAbhAvika viniyeAga thavAthI karNATakanA rAjyanuM rakSaNa karavAnuM kharaca ane tenI ciMtA 7

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ra prakaraNa 3 jI. kampanIne mAthe paDe che, ane kampanInu bhAre rakamenu karaja vasula karavAne prasa Mga mulatavI rahyAM kare che, " vArana hesTiMgsa jeNe kampanInA nAkarAnA baMgALAnA mulaka vepAranA ananyAdhikAranA dAvAnI sAme vAMdhA uThAvyA hatA, te A vakhate madrAsanI rAjyasabhAne eka sabhAsada hatA ane teNe madrAsanA kampanInA nAkarene khAnagI hisAme AoNMTanA navAbanI upaja mAMDI levAnuM baMdha karavA kharA dilathI yatna karyAM hatA. uparanA patra maLyA pachI A bAbatamAM bharAyalAM pagalAMnA saMbaMdhamAM eka patramAM te lakhe che keH-- " ApanA hukamane ame Ama artha samajyA chIe. karNATakanAM keTalAMka paragaNAMnI upaja navAbe pAtAnI sahI sikkAthI keTalAka mANasone mAMDI ApI che; paNa te upaja kampanInA karajamAM na bharAtAM bIjA khAnagI karane peTa bharAya te Apane pasa Mda nathI; ane A svataMtra haka navAbane athavA ApanA kareAtA Apa kabUla rAkhatA nathIH ane tenI,pahelAMnA dastAvejonI rUe je jamIna maDANu thayelI che te jamIna uparanA haka ApanA nAkareA cheDI de evI Apa mAgaNI kare; Ama thAya te pachI nALane amAre khabara ApavI ke kampanInAM karja vasula ApavAM e tamArU paheluM kAma che; ane te pramANe navAba kabUla kare eTale khAnagI karajo mATe navAba sAthe sAmIla thai kampanInI sattAthI yogya badobasta karavAnI Apa maMjurI Ape che.. A rAjyasabhAnA adhyakSa ane mi. putre e bannee ApanA hukama pramANe potAnA hakA cheoDI dIdhA che ane temanAM karaja vasula karavA bAbatamAM kampanIne zaraNu thayA che. ane ApanA hukama prasiddha thayA pachI kampanInA ghaNA nekarA A dAkhalAne anusaryAM che. paNu kampanInA nAkarenA moTA bhAga hajI ame je rastA batAvyA che te raste kampanIne zaraNa thayA nathI, ane emanA upara te bAbatanu dabANu karavuM e amane yAgya lAgatu' nathI."

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. khIjA patramAM vArana hesTiMgsa navAba kampanInI virUddha ane khAnagI zAhukArAnA lAbhamAM iMglaMDamAM lAgavaga ubhI karavA mAMge che te bAbata lakhe che; te A pramANe -- hamaNAM sudhI navAba kampanInA kAryAdhyakSAnI sabhA upara AdhAra rA khatA ane ema mAnatA ke te sabhA teja kampanI che. paNa have keTalAka khada salAhakAreAe ene ema samajAvyu` che ke kampanI bahAra jo koine svArtha haraze te vakhatapara kAma Avaze; ene ema samajAvavAmAM Avyu che ke khAnagI zAhukArA kampanInA dhu ra dharAte pANI pAi de eTalI sattA dharAve che, ane tethI paNa vadhAre khATuM e thayu` che ke enA manamAM evuM haMsAhyu` che ke pArlamenTa ane tAjanI sattA enA lAbhamAM ane kampanInI virUddha vaparAze. "" "( 99 navALane khATA khakharo maLyA na hatA. enA zAhukArA mAMDelA paragaNAmAMthI mATI samRddhi ekaThI karI zakayA hatA. teo dhaNA mata potAnA lAbhamAM khecI zakayA hatA; ane vAstavika rIte kampanInI kAryAdhyakSa sabhAnA dhaNI thai paDyA hatA. Akhare ApaNe joIzuM ke badhA dAvAe tapAsa vinA kampanIe kabUla rAkhyA hatA. tu jANera. daramIyAna navAba potAnAM tamAma paragaNAM mAMDI ApI khAlI thai gayA; ane taMjAUra upara najara nAMkhI. sane 1769 mAM briTiza ane haidaraalI vacce thaelA sa MdhimAM tajAgaranA rAjAne briTIzanA mitra gaNavAmAM AvyA hatA. paNa kAryAdhyakSa sabhAne paNa peAtAnA mitranI samRddhinA leAbha lAgyA, ane kampanInuM karaja bharavA sArU ta`jAUne luMTavAnI mahamadaalInI darakhAstane kAna dharyAM,

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100 prakaraNa 3 ju. "taMjAUrano rAjA dezanA sarvathI vadhAre phaLadru5 bhAgane dhaNI heya ane te karNATakanA bacAvamAM eka pAI paNa na Ape e amane atyaMta geravAjabI lAge che. tethI ame tamane hukama karIe chIe ke navAbanA dAvAne tamAre asara thAya tevI rIte ghaTate Teko Apa, ane laDAInA kharacano vAjabI phALo ApavAnI te nA pADe to navAba potAnA rAjyanI mahattAne ane InsAphane anusaratAM je pagalAM levA dhAre te tamAre levAM. ame ema dhArIe chIe ke uparanA hukamano amala karatAM je nANuM tajAUranA navAba pAsethI maLI zake te kampanInuM karaja vALavAmAM vaparAze; ane kAMI zeSa rahe te khAnagI karaje patAvavAmAM vAparavAM." A sUcanA cokhI hatI. teno amala thayo. 1771 mAM taMjAra upara ghero ghAlyo. ane taMjA Ure cAra lAkha pAuMDa ApIne potAne bacAva karyo. paNuM AthI mAtra navAbanI bhUkha teja thaI. ane tenA mitra briTizane e vicAra kasAvyo ke ilAkAnA madhyamAM AvI moTI rAttA e jokhamanuM ghara che. taMjAra upara pharIthI ghero ghAlyo ane 173 nA sapTembaranI 16 mI tarAkha sara karyuM. kamanasIba rAjA ane tenA kuTuMbane killAmAM keda karyA ane tene mulaka navAbe khAlasA karyo. thoDAM varSanI durvyavasthAthI eka AbAda ne AbAdI pAmatuM rAjya ke pAyamAla thAya che tenuM, navAbanA vAvaTA nIce gayA pachI taMjAranA rAjyanI thayelI sthiti, e eka draSTAMta che. e mulakane eka jItI lIdhelA duzmanano mulaka lekhIne teNe leka upara rAjyanA hakako vadhArI dIdhA, enI upaja briTiza zAhukArane mAMDI ApI, tenA vepAra ane udyogane pAyamAla karyo. ane thoDAM varSamAM taMjAphara je dakSiNa hiMdustAnane bagIco hatuM te pUrva kinArA uparanA ujajaDa pradezomAM bhaLI gayuM. 1782 nI kamiTI AgaLa pUrA ApatAM mi. piTI kahe che ke:-- taMjAranI atyAranI sthitinI vAta karatAM pahelAM mAre eTaluM kahevuM joIe ke thoDAja varSo upara taMjAUrane mulaka hiMdustAnamAM sarvathI vadhAre AbAdI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itiyAsa pAmatA, sArI rIte kheDAte!, ane sArI vasativALe lekhAtA hatA. meM pa helI vAra 1768 mAM e pradezanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. te vakhate hamaNAM karatAM tA juduM ja mArA jovAmAM Avyu hatu. prathama to te jagA dezI ane paradezI vepAranu eka meTu kendra hatuM. tyAM mubai ane suratathI rU AvatuM. kAcu' ane pArka' rezama baMgALAthI AvatuM; sumAtrA, malAkA ane pUrvanA TApumAMthI khAMDa temnanA vagere AvatAM; sAnu, hAthI, peDhA ane imAratI lAkaDAM peDumAMthI AvatAM, ane cInathI paNa ghaNI cIjo AvatI hatI. haidaraalInA rAjyamAM ane marAThA sAmrAjyanA vAyavya prAMtomAM yuropane mAla tAkoranuM aMdaraja purA pADatuM. ane teja baMdarethIhiMdustAnamAM sarvatra peAzAka tarIke vaparAtuM eka prakAratuM baMgALI rezamI kApaDa paNa AyAta thatuM. ta MjAUramAMthI maslIna, chIMTa, rUmAla vigere judI judI jAtanAM kApaDanA nikAsa yatA, ane Daca ane Deina loke AphrikA, vesTa inDiyA ane dakSiNa amerikAnA bajArAmAM jene jhAjhI upADa hatA te mAla paNa Aja baMdarethI mAkalatA hatA. taMjAUranA jevA kudaratI lAge! ghaNA gheADA dezAne heAya che. tenI jamIna bharI ane phaLadrupa che, kAverI ane kAluna e be nadIone lIdhe pANInI paNa baheALI chUTa che, jenAM pANI jaLAzayA ane sAraNe dArA dezanA badhA bhAgAmAM pahAMcADavAmAM paNa AvyAM che. tAUranI asAdhAraNa phaLadupatAnuM A kAraNa che. jamInane caherA paNa sudara citra vicitratAvALA che. ane dekhAvamAM iMgle MDanA jevA che. tenA jevA hiMdustAnamAM eka paNa bhAga nathI. thoDAMja varSanI vAta upara taMjAUranI A sthiti hatI. paNa enI pAyamAlI evI to reita thai che ke ghaNA praderomAM pUrvenI samRddhinI nizAnI sarakhI paNa dekhAtI nathI. A vakhate ( 1771 mAM ) mane khabara maLI che te pramANe rAjagAra AbAda hatA, dezamAM khetI sArI hatI, vati jAmelI hatI, leka zrImAna ane udyAgI hatA. 1771 pachI pahelA dherAthI te rAAne rAjya pAchu' sAMpAyuM tyAM sudhI dezamAM e meTI laDhAi thai, ane rAjyasattAne!

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102 prakaraNa 3 . viparyAsa thaI gayotene lIdhe vepAra rojagAra ane khetI badhAM naSTa thayAM, ane hajAro leke salAmatI bharelI jagAnI zodhamAM paDI gayA." have madrAsamAM navo gavarnara nImavAno vakhata Avyo. phreMca yudhdha vakhate mi. pinaTa madrAsanA gavarnara hatA; ane 1763 mAM e IMgleMDa AvyA hatA. te pachI temane bereneTano ane AyarlaMDanA umarAvanA IlkAbo ApavAmAM AvyA hatA. sane 1775 mAM madrAsanI rAjyavyavasthAmAM sudhArA dAkhala karavAnI IcchAthI emane pharIthI madrAsanA gavarnara nImyA. kaMpanInI kAryAdhyakSa sabhAne mahamadaalIe taMjAUrano mulaka khAlasA karyo, te sarvAze pasaMda paDayuM na hatuM. ane te sabhAno hukama laIne leMDa pigaTe junA rAjAne rAjya sAMpavAno TharAva karyo. mahamadaalIe Ama thatuM aTakAvavAne ghaNI kArIgarI karI paNa lai pigaTa kRtanizcaya hato. sane 1776 ne mArcanI 30 mI tArIkhe taMjAranA rAjAne pAcho gAdIe besA. gavarnaranI muzkelIo have zarU thaI. ArkeTanA navAbanA ghaNuM leNadAromAM pola benphilDa nAmano eka leNadAra hatA. te 1763 mAM eka kArIgara tarIke kampanInI nokarImAM Avyo hato. paNa pitAnI samRddhinA kArIgara tarIke vyAjakhorAImAM eNe asAdhAraNa phateha meLavI. jyAre taMjAUranA rAjAne pharIthI gAdIe besADavAmAM Avyo tyAre teNe jAhera karyuM ke navAbane dhIrelA 1,620,00 pAuMDa mATe taMjAuranI upaja upara ane taMjAranA khAnagI AzAmIone dhIrelA 72,000 pAuMDa mATe taMjAranA ubhA mAla upara-ene haka che. A hakIkata te vakhatanA jamAnA upara prabaLa prakAza pADe che. benphiDa hajI halakA darajajAne nokara hato; tene varSa divase jUja pAuMDano pagAra maLate; chatAM tenA jevA gADI gheDA madrAsamAM koInI pAse na hatA, ane navAba pAse AvI rAkSasI rakamanuM leNuM kahADato hato. eka zrImaMta rAjyanI tamAma mahesula ane eka AkhI prajAnA tamAma ubhA kaila tenA leNA mATe ghare mukayA samajavAmAM AvatA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 103 lai pigaTe beniphalDane dAvo sabhA AgaLa raju karyo. bephi... kaMI paNa purAvA raju karI zakyo nahi, paNa teNe jAhera karyuM ke navAba mAro dAvo kabUla karaze. sabhAe vadhu mate TharAva karyo ke AzAnIo uparanA dAvA benphilDa puravAra karI zakyo nathI; ane navAbe te jAUranI mahesula mAMDI ApyAnI vAta maMjUra rAkhI zakAya tevI nathI. AthI kAMI benphilDane saMtoSa thayo nahi. tene mitro ghaNuM hatA ane sAdhananI paNa kaMI khoTa na hatI. tene dAva pharIthI sabhA sanmukha Avya, ane A vakhate te maMjUra thayo. oNrDa pigaTe rasalane taMjAUranA resiDanTanI jagA upara mokalavAnI darakhAsta mukI paNa te sabhAnA vadhu mate svIkArI nahi. karnala TuarTa jenI sAthe leNadArone svArtha sadhAya tevI rIte taMjAUrano kArabhAra calAvavAnI samajuta thaI hatI, tene taMjAranA resiDanTa tarIke pasaMda karavAmAM Avyo. laoNrDa pigaTa sabhAnA moTA bhAganI sAme che. ane 1776 nA ogasTanI 24 mI tArIkhe karnala TuarTa laoNrDa piTane pakaDo ane A bAbatane hevAla ApatAM teMDa pigaTa lakhe che ke " karnala TuarTa mArI sAthe jamyA ane jamyA pachI kampanInA bagIcAmAM meM tene vALuM mATe AmaMtraNa ApyuM. rAtanA sAta ane AThanI vacce huM killAmAMthI karnala TuarTanI sAthe gADImAM pharavA nIkaLe. TApu upara be pulanI vacce meM lephaTanaMTa karnala aDiMTana-ejuTanTa janaralane dakSiNa dizA taraphathI ADe raste amArI tarapha AvatAM joye. e amArI sAthe vAta karavA mAMge che, ema samajIne meM rena tANI jhAlI, ane jyAre eDiMTana gADI pAse AvyuM tyAre teNe nAgI talavAra havAmAM pharakAvI ane sipAI" evI bUma mArI. A uparathI jhADa pAchaLathI sIpAIonI eka TukaDI AgaLa AvI. ane te bAju taraphathI eka pistola hAthamAM laIne kepTana lAiseMTa mArI

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204 prakaraNa 3 jI. k taraph AvI mate kahyu ke " tame mArA kedI che. " pachIthI kepTana lAsa Te mane elDinI gheADAgADImAM besADayA. 19 adhyakSasabhA A hevAlathI stabdha thai gai. paNa temanAmAM matabheda hate lA pigaTane kedamAMthI cheDavAnA temaNe hukama karyAM. paNa tenI sAthe tene pA! khelAvI levAne pakhtu hukama hato. A hukame. hiMdustAnamAM pahoMcyA pahelA lADu pigaTa prabhunA dvAramAM paheAMcI gayo. 1777 mAM te kedakhAnAmAMja maraNu pAmyA+ 1778 mAM sara DhaoNmsa rammAlDa madrAsane gavarnara nImAyA. 1776 mAM ATalu tAkzana karAvanAra navAbanA leNadArAne potAnA svArthanI sArI kALajI hatI. 1967 mAM emanI pahelI dhAradhAranI vAta upara AvI gai che. 1777 mAM eka bIjI dhIradhAra karI, tamArI gheADesvAra palaTaNa nakAmI che mATe tene rajA ApavI ema navAbanA manamAM phasAvyuM. paNa temane pagAra cukavI ApavA puratAM nANAM na hatAM. Telara, menTenDo, ane kAle, emaNe kaMpanI maMjUra kare te 160,000 pAuMDa dhIravA kabula karyo. kAMpanIe mAra ApI; upaja annabata mAMDI ApI, ane be varSa pachI navAbanA dovALe para yAda karI ke " A paragaNAMnI tamAma upaja Apa nAmadAra (navA) nA huka mathI yurepIyanenAM nANAM devAmAM vaparAya che. mi. TelaranA gumAstA udharANI kuravAne tyAM AvelA che. ane tamAma nANAM teo lai naya che. tethI, ApanA lazkarane! sAta ATha mahInAnA caDhI gayelA pagAra ApavAnI sagavaDa nathI 33 A varSamAM khInna vIsa lAkha pAuDa uparanu devu vaLI navAne pharAvyuM; sara TAmasa rambeDe A navA karajanA sabaMdhe kharA tiraskArathI lakheluM che keH--1,60,000 pAuMDanuM dhaDevAranuM karaja ane takarAnu ane khuda kampanInu jItu karaja, te uparAMta, vaLI hAlamAM 2,52,000 pAuMDanuM navuM karaja karavAmAM Avyu che! AthI mane thayela kampanInA + lADuM pigaTaneA madrAsanA gavarmenTamAM thayelA viparyAsane hevAla tA. 11 mI sapTembara 1776 pAnuM 11 thI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 105 aca be huM varNavI zakatA nathI. A vAta huM Apane trAsanI sAthe lakhuM chuM kAraNake dhIranArA kampanInA nekaroja hovAthI kapanInuM kAma bahu muzakIla ane aNagamatuM thaI paDe che + uttara sirakAra. karNATakanI A durdazAmAMthI uttara sirakAra tarapha najara karIe. A pradeza jamInadAromAM vaheMcAI gayelo hato. teo potAnI jAgIranA jamInadAra temaja rAjA paNa hatA. A jamInadAro sAthe kampanIne vyavahAra nirdaya hatuM ane temanI jAgIro daridra thaI gaI hatI. sara Tomasa paDe ja temanI pUrvanI AbAdI ane A vakhatanA daridyano purAvo Ape che, kampanInA InDiyAnA rAjyavahIvaTa upara A eka hamezano Thapake rahevAne. temaNe " AbarUdAra dezI mAtrane pitAnI hadamAMthI kAhArI mukavA, evuM eka nItinuM raNa dhAraNa karyuM che. baMgALA ane sirakAranA pUrvanA sukhI divasanuM smaraNa karo; ane atyAranI te pradezanI duHkhI ane nirjana dazA upara najara kare; huM puchuM chuM ke kaI ApaNI prajAne khulAse karI zakaze ke eka vakhate A dezamAM chavAIne rahelA saMkhyAbaMdha rAjA rANA ane zrImAna jamInadAronuM zuM thayuM ?" hamaNA hamaNAmAM adhyakSasabhAe dhAraNa karelI bhASA uparathI jana samAjane evuM anumAna karavAnuM kAraNa maLe ke kampanIe rAjya huke A mulakamAM prApta karyA che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa teo jamInanA paNa ekalA mAlika thayA che; ane A jamInadAro jeo, yuropamAM karipata kathA jevuM lAge teTalI peDhIthI vaMzaparaMparAnA jamInanA kharA * kerTa opha DIrekaTara upara patra, tA. 15 mI mArca 1778.

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106 prakaraNa 3 juM. ane ekalA mAlika che. teone ekadama kampanInI jamInanA IjAradAra kheData, ke majura banAvI devAmAM AvyA che ! A rAjAo moghala bAdazAhane, jamA ApatA;-sAMtha nahi e dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che, te temanuM parApUrvanuM svAtaMtrya sAcavI rAkhavAne mATe ja ApavAmAM AvatI rakama hatI. te rakama, te temanI milakata, haka, ane rItarIvAjo zAntithI bhogavavAnI kiMmata hatI. A jamA hamezAM mAphakasara TharAvavAmAM AvatI ane TharAvatI vakhata A dezanI rItabhAta pramANe temanA jevI uMcI sthitivALAone nokara cAkaronAM moTAM kArakhAnAM rAkhavAM paDe te bAbata upara pUratuM dhyAna apAtuM hatuM. moghala bAdazAhanA subA jamInadAro sAthe TharAva karatA ane ugharAvavAnI bAbatamAM vacamAM paDavAno vahIvaTa ja nahato. sirakAra kampanInA hAthamAM AvyA te pachI Aja DAhyAM dhoraNo cAlu rahyAM hota to sarvene mATe sukha hatuM; deza AbAda rahyA hatA, ane tenA mAMDalika rAja ane temanI prajAnI AbAdImAM kampanI paNa AbAda thaI heta"+ ema TharAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke keTalIka sthAnika tapAsa karIne te pradezanI mahesula nakkI karavA eka pharatI kamiTI nImavI. sara Tomase A kamiTI rada karI ane jamInadArane madrAsa bolAvyA. AthI jamInadAromAM bahu bhaya utpanna thayo paNa ekatrIsamAMthI aDhAra jamInadAro gavarnarane hukama mAnIne madrAsa AvyA. pAMca varSane mATe temanI sAthe baMdebasta karyo. kampanIne AvAgamana pachI jamAmAM jeTalo jeTaluM vadhAre thayo tene saravALo pUrvanA karatAM 50 TakA jeTalo vadhAre jaNAya. paNa ATalAthI adhyakSasabhAne saMtoSa na thayo. temane ema lAgyuM ke je pharatI kamiTI nImAba hota to vadhAre saMtoSakAraka pariNAma Avata, + sara Tomasa roDa upara mUkelA apavAdano pote Apelo javAba pA. 19-62

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa, 107 temaNe sara TAmasa rammAlDa upara kamiTI rada karavAmAM peAtAnA hukamane anAdara karyAnuM tehamata mUchyu. vaLI temaNe tenA upara lAMca rUzvata lIdhAnuM paNa tehamata mUkayuM ane sAkhIta karyuM ke teNe be varSanI aMdara 164000 pAuMDa yuropa mokalyA hatA. tethI 1781 mAM tene kampanInI nokarImAMthI barataraph karyAM. temanI pachI eka sArA svabhAvavALA, dhIrA, lAMbA rAjya anubhavavALA ane buddhizALI umarAva lArDa mekkaoNrTanInI madrAsanA gavarnara tarIke nImaNuka thai. te 1881 mAM AvI pahAcyA. A vakhate deza duHkha ane dAridyamAM garakAva hatA. lAMbI avyavasthAnI asara sAthe sUranA haidaraalInI sAthenA yuddhane aMge bIjI durdazA thai. enA dhADesvAro madrAsanI AsapAsa dhaNA mAlAmAM pharI vaLyA ane temaNe cAre tarapha pAyamAlI phelAvI dIdhI. karNATaka bhayathI gherAi gayu. leAkeA jaMgalamAM nAThA, khetarAM ujjaDa thayAM, gAmAnAM gAme, gALIne nAza karI nAMkhyAM, ane madrAsanI rAjyasabhA A bhayaMkara duzmanane zI rIte satkAra karavA tenA vicAramAM gAthAM khAtI hatI tyAM te eka pachI eka bhayaMkara banAvA khaDakAtA gayA. vArana hesTiMgsa. A vakhate gavanara janarala hatA. teNe anubhavI saradAra sara Ayara phUTane dakSiNa hiMdustAnane bacAva karavA sArU mokalyA. sara Ayarane haidaranI sAthe cAra laDAi thai. 1782 nA sapTembaramAM sara Ayara baMgALe gayA. ane 1782 nA DisambaramAM haidara maraNa pAmyA. 1783 mAM Tipu sulatAna sAthe tahanAmAM karyAM. A badhAM duHkhA ekaThAM thatAM, ane leAka daridra thaI jatAM, 1783 mAM moTA dukALa paDayA. kampanInI upajamAM te hamezAM vadhAreA rahe te| paNa temanA nikA sane lIdhe vadhArAne badale kheATa thai jatI hatI. nIcenA AMkaDA uparathI A vAta spaSTa thaze: -

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prakaraNa 3 ju. varSa kula cokhI kula mulakI tathA upaja. | lazkarI kharaca. *i* ***] vadhAre. | ghaTADe. [ | PS f 1767-1768 68-69 ... 3, 69-70 ... 70-71 ... 71-72 - 72-73 - 73-74 74-75 - 75-76 ... 76-77 - 77-78 - 3,81,330 4,89,012 * 1,07,682 3,69,760 6,91,71 5,00,110 4,67,492 (36,618 5, 62,359 4,34,343 1,27,96 5,58,860 4,07,446 1.51,414 5,29,233 3,09,138 2,20,09 5,24,762 4,07,144 1,17,618 5,03,628 | 4,54,589 49,040 5,14,591 3,45,867,68,724 . 5,63,349 ! 5,37,182 | 30,16 2,83, 198 4,85,830 . 2,02,632 4,94,208 8,03,924 *. 3,09,716 78-79 - - - - - - - - - - - kula 5,785,349, 58,29,488 8,97,6429,41,781

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika tihAsa. vadhAro ke ghaTADA paNa kharIdI baMdha thaija naha. ane A arasAmAM yureApa mekalelA mAlanI paData kiMmata vIsa lAkha pAuDa karatAM vadhAre hatI. 109 paNa kampanInA haka karatAM leNadArAne trAsa vadhAre hatA. jyAre leNadArAnI bAbata dIvAne AmanI pAse chevaTanA TharAva mATe AvI te vakhate A leNadAroe peAtAnI lAgavaga eTalI badhI vadhArI dIdhelI hatI ke sAcA khATA jeTalI rakamanA dAvA temaNe raju karyA te badhA tapAsa vinAja maMjUra thai gayA. pAla enphilDa A leNadAreAmAM sahuthI meTa ane vadhAre ktehamada leNadAra hatA. teNe peAtAnI milakata pArlamenTamAM lAgavaga vadhAravAmAM vAparI hatI. eNe potAnA sudhdhAMta ATha tA sabhAsada pArlamenTamAM meAkalyA hatA, ane te eve sattAvALA ane lAgavagavALA mANasa hatA ke tene nArAja karavAnuM pradhAne maMDaLane paNa pe|sAya tema na hatuM. potAnA hiMdustAnanA tihAsamAM mila lakhe che ke pArlamenTamAM AkraMTanA navAbanAM sAcA khATA leNadArA ane tenA mANusAe jamAvelI lAgavaganeA apramANika lAbha sAcavI rAkhavA sArU 1784 nA pradhAna maMDaLe karAvyuM ke temanAM devAM kharAM ke khATAM je hoya te vasula apAvavAM joie. briTiza hiMdustAnane te tihAsakAra te pachI A bAbatamAM eDamanDe banAM nIcenAM vacane TAMke che, daH kA peAla meDi pArlamenTanA meTA sudhAraka che. sAmrAjyanA bhAgane, kayA zaherane, kayA parAne, kayA paragaNAne athavA kayI nyAyasabhAmAM enA zramane lAbha nathI maLyA ? bhaviSyamAM sudhArAo mATe eka vAra palaTaNa pArlamenTamAM rAkhavA sArU A hiMdanA sArvajanika hitaparAyaNa vyAja vaTAvanA dha dhAdArIe peAtAnA svadezanA saDI gayalA rAjya baMdhAraNanuM vismaraNu karyuM na hatuM. potAnA svadeza sArU A sabhAma`DapanAM sihAsane maDhavAne ( mecIne ) dhA karavAmAM paNu halakAi mAnI nahi ane temAM khIjA

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1 10 prakaraNa 3 ju. - -- sabhA maMDapanI peThe lAja Ave evAM purANa jarIkAmano upayoga na karatAM sAcA navIna saguNanA kharA saMgIne ane jIvatA namunA besAryA. pila benphiDe pitAnA suddhAM ATha sabhAsade gaI pArlAmenTamAM dAkhala karyA hatA, hAlanA ........... nI nasomAM zuddha leDInA keTalA ubharAI jatA jharA eNe dAkhala karyA nahi hoya ! ApanA pradhAno mATe A thAkele vRdhdha sainika lanDananI cuMTaNImAM AgaLa paDyo. ane Apane yAda haze ke te ja svArtha sArU teNe eka moTI jAhera ophIsa athavA dukAna jevuM rAkhyuM hatuM jyAM chellI sArvajanika cUMTaNInuM badhu kAmakAja karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. ughADI rIte vyAM benphilDanA AranIA ane mukhatyArane hAtheja tamAma vahIvaTa cAlato hato; enI vyavasthA hiMdI dhoraNe cAlatI hatI; ane hiMdanAja haka sAcavavAne temAM hetu hato. A pApano bharelo suvarNano kalaza A dezanA ATalA badhA lokoe-ATalA badhA amIra umarAvoe, taLIA sudhI gaTagaTAvIne khAlI karyo hato. tame ema dhAro cho ke A duSTa karmone kaMI badale nahi Apa paDavAno, ? tathA tame dhAre che ke A bezarama pIdhelapaNAnA ane rASTriya kSAcarane kaMI badale ApaNI pAse mAMgavAmAM nahi Ave ! A rahyo! ahIM ja che ! ahIMA, tamArI sanmukha ja che ! tamArI cuMTaNInI vyavasthA karanAra sadgaharathane zeThane nukazAna na thavA devuM joIe, ane teTalA sArU beDi ane tenA sobatIenA dAvA tapAsanI pAra mUkAvA joIe. e iMglaMDanA lekoe ane amIroe suvarNa kaLaza khAlI karyo ane hiMdustAna pAse nANuM mAgyAM. karNATakanA kheDuto pAse nANAM levAnAM hatAM mATe benphilDanA dAvA vagara tapAse maMjUra thayA. AvA badhA dAvA vagara tapAse maMjUra thatAM tophAna vadhyuM, ane leNadAronAM gADagADAM Ama ekadama zrImAnuM thavAne mATe karNATaka AvyAM. karNATakanA navAba upara be karoDa traNa lAkha + ATanA navAbanA karaja bAbata barkanuM bhASaNa

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. nevuM hajAra pAMcane zIra pAuMDanA navA dAvo dAkhala thayA, ane A dAvAne nikAla karavA adhikArIo nImAyA. A vakhate karNATaka lorDa vesalIe khAlasA karyuM hatuM, eTale have te briTiza mulaka hatA. dAvA maMjUra thAya to nANAM have navAbane nahi paNa kampanI sarakArane ApavAM paDe tethI tapAsa thaI. pariNAme tera lAkha chetAlIsa hajAra sAtasuM cha-- pAuMDa kharA leNuM kya. ane bAkInI rakama dagAnI gaNI nAmaMjUra karI. madrAsanA navA ane junA prAMta (1785-1877) upara kahevAI gayuM che ke piTTanuM InDiyA bila sane 1789mAM pasAra thayuM. tyAM sudhI te madrAsa ilAkAmAM madrAsanI AsapAsa kaMika jamIna athavA uttara sirakArano mulaka eTaluM ja kampanInA hAthamAM hatuM. madrAsamAM pahelI jamAbandI uttara sirakAranI karavAmAM AvI hatI. 1765 mAM lorDa kalAIve baMgALAnI dIvAnI lIdhI tenI sAthe sirakAranA cAra prAMta, zIkAkela rAjamaMdi, ilera, ane konDapilI, enuM bakSIsapatra karAvI lIdhuM hatuM. keTaleka kALe tenA upara prAMtika amaladAro ane sabhAo mUkavAmAM AvyAM, ane baMgALAnA prAMtanA jevI rAjyapaddhati dAkhala karI. 1775 mAM adhyakSasabhAe uttara sirakAranI vasati, pedAza, vepAra rojagAranI sthiti, rAjyanI kula upaja, ane kheDuta tathA jamInadAronA hakonI bAbatamAM tapAsa karavA sArU eka pharatI kamiTI nImavAne TharAva karyo. te sabhAe vaLI ema paNa IcchA batAvI ke jamInadArone temanI vArSika upajanI bAbatamAM nirbhaya karavA, ane kheDuto pAsethI aNaghaTatA haka levAtA hoya te baMdha karavA. vaLI baMgALAmAM jevA kAyadAo dAkhala karyA che tevA kAyadAo sirakAramAM dAkhala thaI zake ke kema te bAbata paNa A kamiTIne nakkI karavAnuM hatuM. A pramANe kamiTI nImAI hatI paNa 1778 mAM sara

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12 prakaraNa 3 . Tomasa roDe te kamiTI rada karI, paNa pAchI 1783 mAM enI punaH sthApanA thaI, ane 1788 sudhI tapAsa cAlI. A kamiTIe karelA riporTa uparathI dekhAyuM ke uttara sirakAranI jamIna ghaNe bhAge jamInadAranA hAthamAM hatI. pahADI mulakanA jamInadAro orisAnA rAjAnA vaMzajo hatA. teo potapotAnA rAjyamAM svataMtra rAjA hatA, ane musalamAna bAdazAhane niyata jamA ApatA. sapATa mulakanA jamInadAro bAdazAhanI sattA nIce vadhAre hatA, paNa jyAM sudhI bAdazAhIne niyata jamA Ape jAya tyAMsudhI jamInanI sAtha vigere kheDu pAsethI levAne temane haka hato. A sivAya tyAM bIjI havelInI jamIna hatI. te bAdazAhanI kahevAtI. A jamIna te te rAjadhAnIonA zaheranI AsapAsa hatI ane musalamAna bAdazAhanA mulakI ane lazkarI nokaronA pagAra vigere purA pADavAmAM te hajamInanI upajane upaga thato hato. eka amaladAre evuM lakheluM che ke briTiza sarakAranI sthApanA thayA pachI A havelInI jamIna jamInadAranI sattAnI jamIna nathI, ema kahI zakAya. te jamIna sarakAranI ja gaNAya ane temAM mahesula ugharAvavAnI je goThavaNa karavI hoya te thaI zake." paNa temaNe te jamIna ijAre ApI ane lekanA upara julamane eka moTo prasaMga ubho karyo. jamInadArInI temaja havelInI jamInamAM prathamathI ja grAmasaMsthAne vahIvaTa hato. gAmAtano vahIvaTa eka sAdA svarAjyano vahIvaTa hato jethI dareka kheDunuM jamInadAra temaja bAdazAhInA julamathI rakSaNa thatuM. A parApUrvanI saMsthA-manunA vakhatamAM paNa parApUrvanI hatI-vaMzanA vaMzAnI ane bAdazAhanI uthalapAthalamAM paNa TakI rahI hatI; ene lIdhe laDAInA prasaMgomAM gAmaDAMomAM zAMti ane vyavasthA rahI zakatI hatI; IsTa dU inDiyA kaMpanIne nekarane A saMsthA vilakSaNa ane sarvottama lAgI hatI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa eka gAmaDuM eTale kheDavANa athavA paDatara jamInanA seMkaDo athavA hajAra ekarane eka ja. rAjyadaSTie jotAM eka samastasaMsthA. tenA amaladAro ane nokaronuM varNana nIce pramANe. "1 paTela athavA mukhya mANasa tenuM kAma; gAmanI tamAma bAbatanI sAmAnya dekharekha rAkhavI, vasatinA kachuA cukavavA, ane mahesula ugharAvavI. te mANasa gAmanI tamAma vasatinI sthitithI purato vAkepha hovAthI mahesula ugharAvavAnA kAmane mATe to sahuthI vadhAre lAyakAta dharAvanAro. (2) daphatarI-tenuM kAma hIsAba rAkhavAnuM ane gAmanI dareka agatyanI bAbatanI noMdha rAkhavAnuM. (3) talIyAra ane toTI, pahelAnuM kAma polIsa tarIke gunhAnI khabara rAkhavAnuM, musApharone vaLAvuM karavAnuM vagerebIjAnuM kAma meMlanuM rakSaNa karavAnuM. (4) zIma zeDhA tapAsanAra-ene zeDhAnI dekharekha rAkhavI ane takarArane prasaMge purAvA ApavA. (5) taLAva vagereno tapAsa rAkhanAra. enuM kAma khetInA kAma mATe pANI vaheMcavAnuM (6) brAhmaNa gora-mahetAjI (7) jozI. (8) sutAra lavAra, (9) kuMbhAra ( 10 ) bI (11) govALa (12) vaida (13 ) nartakI (14) gavaio (15) kavi. A eka gAmanuM kacerI maMDaLa koI ThekANe vadhAre paNa hoya, koI ThekANe thoDA paNa heya. A badhAM kAmo mATe dareka gAmamAM pAkI goThavaNa kharI. A sAdI sthAnika svarAjyapaddhati nIce leke parApUrvathI rahetA AvyA che. gAmanI sImamAM kaMI pheraphAra thayo nathI. ane jo ke keTalIkavAra laDAI, duSkALa ke marakIthI gAmane nukazAna thayAM haze; vakhate ujajaDa thayAM haze; paNa gAmanAM nAma tenAM te, hada tenI te, hita tenAM te, ane kuTuMba paNa tenAM te, yugo thayAM hajI kAyama che. rAjyanI ke bAdazAhatonI uthalapAthalanI vasati kAMija darakAra karatI nathI. jyAM sudhI gAma AbAda rahe tyAM sudhI bAdazAhata konI che athavA bAdazAhatanA hakake kone jAya che e bAbatanI te leka

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114 prakaraNa 3 ju. kAMI ja ciMtA karatA nathI. tenI AMtarasthiti kAyama rahe che. paTela hajI paNa mukhI mANasa che ane hajI sudhI teja eka nAno sarakho nyAyAdhIza, mejITa, ugharAtadAra ane jamIna sAMthanAra che." uparano utAro bahu agatyanuM che. kemake te ApaNe svarAjyavALAM hiMdanAM gAmaDAMonA baMdhAraNanuM yathArtha citra Ape che. A vAta kaMI prAcIna hiMdarAjya daramiyAnanI nathI, paNa aDhAramA saikAnI che. prAcIna saMskRta pustakonA AdhAre lakhavAmAM AvelI nathI, paNa isTa inDiyA kampanInA karee pote jAte tajavIja ane tapAsa karIne kampanInA daphatara upara noMdhelA varNanone AdhAre lakhavAmAM AvelI che. A utAro vaMzanA vize badalAI gayA ane bAdazAhata ugI ane asta pAmI, te badhA kALanI daramiyAna ApaNAM nAnAM svarAjyamAM gAmaDAMnA lake kevI rIte rahetA, kheDa karatA ane pitAne khapa pUrato mAla pedA karatA, te eka daSTipAtathI batAvI Ape che. je Igrejoe A junI sthAnika svarAjyasabhAo kAyama rAkhI tene sudhArI vadhArIne A sabhAo mAraphata ja rAjya calAvyuM hota te sarvene sukhakara hatuM. paNa briTiza rAjyanA AraMbhane vakhate be kAraNothI A saMsthAo nabaLI paDavA lAgI. jamInanI mahesulamAM jema bane tema vadhAro karavAnI IcchAthI sarakAre judA judA kheDuto joDe sAtha nakkI karavAnI rIta dhAraNuM karI. temaja tamAma sattA-nyAyanI ane mulakI-potAnA hAthamAM rAkhavAnI geravAjabI IcchAthI A junAM gAmaDAMonA adhikArIo, jemaNe pitAnA gAmaDAMonI hadamAM A sattA bhogavelI hatI, teone paNa adazya kya, ane pitAnA adhikArathI bhraSTa thayelI A grAmaprajA naSTa thaI. IgrejonA rAjya vahIvaTanI atyAranI goThavaNa keTalIka bAbatomAM prathama karatAM vadhAre suvyavasthita che chatAM tethI ATale geraphAyado che ke te vadhAre svacchaMdI che, ane leke nI sAmelagIrIno temAM aMzapaNa nathI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 115 uttara sirakAra, have uttara sirakAranI jamInadArI jamInanA vahIvaTa upara AvIe sa. 1778 sudhI A jamInanI jamA varSo varSa TharAvavAmAM AvatI paNa sara Tomasa rolTe pahelI vAra pAMca varSanA paTA karyA. 1783 mAM vArSika paTAnI julamI rIta pharIthI dAkhala karI; ane te pramANe 86 sudhI cAlyuM. paNa te varasamAM jamAvadhArIne pAchA traNa varasanA paTA karyA. 1789mAM pahelA traNanA ne pAchaLathI pAMca varSanA paTA karyA, ane jamInadAra pAsethI temanI mULa upajanA be bhAga (traNamAMthI) jeTalI jamA levAnI TharAvI. gaMtUranuM rAjya je 1788 mAM navuM ja sarakAranA hAthamAM AvyuM hatuM, tenA upara Aja pramANe jamA karAvavAmAM AvI. 1794 mAM madrAsanA gavarnara tarIke lorDa hebA AvyA. temaNe kampanInA mukhI ane temanI sabhAo kahADI nAMkhI ane chelle chelle dezAdhyakSe (kalekaTara) nImIne eka moTo sudhAro karyo. temanA upara mahesulasabhAnI dekharekha rAkhavAmAM AvI. jamInadArI jamInanI jamA pUrva nA dhoraNeja nakkI karavI cAlu rahI. lorDa hebArTa pachI plAsInA yuddhanA vijayI saradAranA putra lairDa kalAiva AvyA ane temanA amala daramiyAna baMgALAmAM 1743 mAM jevo sthAyI baMdobasta karyo hato tevo uttara sirakAranA paragaNAmAM 1802 thI 1805 sudhInA varSomAM karavAmAM AvyuM. sarakArahakanuM sAmAnya mApa kheDuta pAsethI vasula thatI rakamanuM be tRtIyAMza rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. uttara sirakAranI havelInI jamInane judo ItihAsa che. 1787 mAM dezAdhyakSo nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. temaNe havelInI jamInanI mahesula vasula karavAnI be judI judI rIte dAkhala karI. keTalIka jagamAM temaNe kheDuto pAsethI parabArI "vaje " ugharAvavA mAMDI eTale sarakArahaka tarIke

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116 prakaraNa 3 jI. upajanA amuka bhAga levA mAMDayeA. bIjI jagAemAM niyata rakameA mATe jamInAnA ijArA ApI dIdhA te paNu sAmAnya gAThavaNa e hatI ke dezAdhyakSa gAmeAnA paTelo joDe sAmaTA debasta karatA ane A paTelA dareka kheDutA sAthe gAThavaNa karI letA. sane 1794 mAM jyAre kampanInA prAMtika mukhIe ane temanI sabhAe kahADI nAMkhavAmAM AvI tyAre mahesulasabhAnI dekharekha nIce dezAdhyakSA ja mahesulanI vasulAta mATe javAbadAra rahyA; ane jyAre jamInadArI jamInanA acaLa paTA thayA tyAre havelInI jamIneAnA paNa nAnA nAnA kaTakA karI eka hajArathI 5000 pegADA vArSika upaja Ave teTalI jamIne acaLa jamInadArInA hakathI jAhera harAjI karIne ApI dIdhA. madrAsa zaheranI AsapAsanI jamInanI paNa eja vakhate acaLa jamAbandI thai gai. uttara sirakAra ane madrAsanI AsapAsanI jamIneAnI jamAmadInA 1765 thI 1805 sudhInA A itihAsa che. paNa A arasAmAM banne mulaka kampanInA hAthamAM AvyA hatA ane have ApaNe te tarapha najara karIe. le kaeNArnavAlisanI Tipu sulatAna sAthenI laDAi 1792mAM zrIraMgapaTTaNunA saMdhithI baMdha paDI. tene pariNAme salema ane kRSNagirInA ane bArAmahAlanA jIllAe jIM MgrejanA hAthamAM AvyA. lerDa veslInI TIpu sulatAna sAthenI chellI laDAioe kAnaDA, koimbatura, bAlATi ane keTalAka mulaka ApyA. 199 mAM veslIe ta jAUra khAlasA karyuM, ane 1800 mAM kRSNA ane tuMgabhadrA vaccenA badhA mulaka nIjhAma sarakAra pAsethI IMgreje lai lIdheA. lerDa veslIe AoNMTanA navAbane sAlIyANuM bAMdhI ApI vAnaprastha karyAM; ane tethI karNATakaneA tamAma pradeza kampanInA rAjyamAM umerAyeA. Ama daza varSanI aMdara, 1792 thI 1802nA arasAmAM, atyAranA madrAsa ilAkAnI tamAma umadAmAM umadA jamIna IMgrejanA hAthamAM AvI ane tenI sAthe jamAdInI eka navI rIta udaya pAmI. jyAre bArAmahAlanA pradezA kaMpanInA hAthamAM AvyA, ( 1792 )

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 117 tyAre lArDa kernavAlise kepaTana reDa ane bIjA lazkarI amaladArone te pradezAne vahIvaTa soMpyA hatA. A amaladArA leAkeAnI bhASA ane rIta bhAtathI te vakhatanA mulakI adhikArIo karatAM vadhAre vAkeo hatA. kepaTanareDe je dhAraNe bArAmahAlamAM pratyeka kheDu sAthe jamAbaMdI karI teja dheAraNa tenA madadanIza aAmasa manoe, pAchaLathI madrAsanA gavanara saraTAmasa manoe, vikasAvyuM ane dAkhalakaryuM. jevI rIte lArDa kArnavAlisanu N nAma baMgALAnI yAvaccandradivAkarI jamAbaMdI sAthe joDAyalu che, tevIja rIte tenu (manonu) nAma madrAsanI raiyatavArI jamAbaMdI sAthe joDAyalu che. Tomasa manA 1780 mAM hiMdamAM AvyA tyAre egaNIsa varasane juvAnIo hatA. teNe haidaraalI ane Tipu sulatAna sAthenA yuddAmAM bhAga lIdhA hatA. AgaLa jatAM teNe marAThAonI sAthenA yuddheAmAM nAma kahADavu, ane hiM mata, sAmarthya ane tehane mATe briTiza pArlamenTamAM tenAM vakhANa thayAM.lokonA kalyANane mATe potAnI jI MdagIne arpaNa karanAra kampanInA theADA nAkarAmAM enI gaNatrI thAya che; ane teTalA mATe tenu nAma baMgALAmAM kArnavAlisanI peThe ane muMbaimAM elphinsTananI peThe upakAranI lAgaNI sAthe saMbhAravAmAM Ave che. kepTana reDanI sAthe khArAmahAlamAM kAma karatI vakhate tene kampanInA vahIvaTanI rItanI khAmIo mAluma paDI hatI, ane leAkalAgaNIne lIdhe tene kharA upAyA hAtha AvyA hatA. dara karNATakanA saMba MdhamAM e lakhe che ke "navAbanI mahesulanA moTA bhAga traNa athavA cAra TakAnI AratathI mahIne mahIne madrAsa meAkalavAmAM Ave che. karNATakanA keTalAka bhAge mAM je mAla vAvyA hAya tene hisAme, DarAvelA che. ane dareka molanA dara judA. bIje ThekANe upajatA bhAga-vaje bhAga levAya che ane sarvatra paTA varasa divasanAja hoya che. jyAre sarakAra hakanA AMkaDA dANAnA hIsAbe TharAvAya che tyAre jamInanI mApaNI paNa varSovarSa

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118 prakaraNa 3 ju. thAya che. mojaNIdAra riporTa karavAmAM lAMcathI darAya che ane kheDuta temaja sarakAra sAme hajAre dagA thAya che. jyAM vaje levAya che tyAM kAMte vajebhAga kharI kiMmata karatAM ghaNe UMce bhAve kheDutane ja mAthe nAkhI devAmAM Ave che, athavA bajArabhAva mukarara karavAmAM Ave che ke jethI jyAM sudhI sarakArI mAla vecAI na jAya tyAM sudhI tethI nIce bhAve kAMI vecAIja na zake, evI goThavaNa thAya che. AvI kaMgAla goThavaNathI deza tarataja pAyamAla thaI jaze evo vicAra Ave e asvAbhAvika nathI." teja pramANe briTiza mulakanA saMbaMdhamAM paNa te lakhe che ke "mahesula sabhAe dezAdhyakSanA pagAra vadhAravAnI theDA vakhata upara mAMgaNI karI hatI, je sarakAre bahuja nArAja thaIne rada karI hatI. paNa Ama karavAmAM temaNe manuSyasvabhAvanA athavA kharI rAjyanItinA jJAnanuM temanAmAM kevaLa aMdhAruM hatuM eTaluM ja pragaTa karyuM. kAraNake jyAre mANase evI sthitimAM mukAya che ke jyAre temanA dekhAtA pagArathI teo kadI svataMtra sAdhanavALA thaI zake ja nahi, paNa vAta jaNAI javAnI bIka vinA lekane luMTIne ekadama zrImaMta thaI zake, tyAre pakSa svIkAro te bAbatamAM bahu vicAra karavA jAya, evA manuSyo eTalA thoDA che ke te hisAbamAM paNa gaNavA na joIe. pitAnA pagAra karatAM vadhAre kharaca karIne rahenAra dezAdhyakSe ghaNAM thoDAM varSomAM moTuM dhana saMpAdana karatA ApaNe roja joIe chIe. Ano rasto bahuja sAde che. jyAre nANAMmAM sarakAra haka apAya tyAre sarakAramAM be patraka ApIne uparanuM gajavAmAM mUke. jyAre vaje vasula thaI hoya tyAM jamInanI upaja athavA vecANanA AMkaDA khATA batAvIne gajavAM tara kare. dezAdhyakSe vidvAna ane zilasaMpanna hoIne AvA jUThamAM nahi utare ema kahevuM te nakAmuM che. vAstavika hakIkataja AvA anumAnanI virUddha che." 1994 mAM bArAmahAlanI raiyatavArI jamAbandI pUrI thai.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. lakhe che ke-bArAmahAlanI mApaNI have sa MpUrNa thai che ane sarakArahakanI rakamA nakkI karI devAmAM AvI che. khArAmahAlamAM kheDutanI saMkhyA bahu meTI che tethI vasulAtanI vyavasthAmAM bahu vigatavAra dhyAna ApavAnI jarUra paDe che, paNa temAM kAMi muzkelI nathI. mAtra hameza dhyAna rAkhavAnI jarUra che. ane jo te ApI zakAya te daza bAra meTA jamInadAro pAsethI nANAM vasula karavA karatAM sATha hajAra kheDutA pAsethI vasula karavAmAM dezane lAbha che; ane dezAdhyakSAne mATe saraLatA che. mArA tAbAmAM je mulaka mukavAmAM Avyo che tenA sarakAra haka 165000 pegaDA hatA. te, eka varSamAM eka paNa rUpIyA bAkI rahyA vagara ane kaMi paNa tasdI vinA, vIsa hajAra kheDu pAsethI udharAvyA hatA." A patramAM jyAM vaMzapara MparAnA jamInadAreA na heAya tyAM raiyatavArI rIte jamAnandI bAMdhavA tarapha manAtA vadhatA jatA pakSapAta ApaNe joie chIe. aMgALA ane uttara sirakAra jevA pradezamAM jyAM cAlatI rIta mujaLa jamIna meATA jamInadArAnA hAthamAM hatI tyAM sarakAre te rIta cAlu rAkhI jamInadAre joDe ba Mdobasta karyA. bIje ThekANe jyAM cAlatI rIta raiyata pAsethIja parabArA sarakAra haka levAnI hatI tyAM manoe te rIta cAlu rAkhI ane raiyata sAthe parabArA TharAvA karyAM. khIje ThekANe sarakAra hakane kAMi nitya ane niyata svarUpa ApavAnI jarUra hatI, kAraNake khetIne sudhArA ane leAkanI AbAdInA AdhAra tenA upara hatA. baMgALAmAM lorDa kaeNAnavAlise A siddha karyuM. madrAsamAM sara rAmasa manonI tema karavAnI icchA hatI. teNe te pramANe bhalAmaNa karI hatI, paNa tema thai zakayu nahi. ane dakSiNa hiMdustAnanI jamAba-dInI paddhatimAM A vinAzakAraka khAmI rahI gai. bArAmahAlamAMthI manonI kAnaDe badalI thai, tyAM eNe eka varSamAM jamAbandInu kAma pUrU karyuM. ane jamALandIne badobasta jamInadAro sAthe karyAM. te lakhe che ke " dezanI mahesula nakkI karavAnA kAma mATe huM lAyaka hatA ema samajIne mane mekaklyA tethI nA pADavA jatAM huM mArUM karttavya nathI 119

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120 prakaraNa 3 jI. karatA evA dekhAva thavAneA sabhava hAvAthI huM AvyeA; have jamAbandI nakkI thai che. laDAI vigerenA kAraNathI jyAM vizrvamAM paDe che te sivAya bIje ThekANethI vasulAta niyamasara vasula thAya che tethI huM dhArU' chuM ke have mArU' kAma pUrUM thayuM che. x << mAre hAthe thayelA tamAma ba Mdobaste jyAM jamInadAre che tyAM temanI sAthe, ane jyAM teo nathI tyAM parabArA kabajedAra kheDutA sAthe thayA che. upaja pUrNa cokasAithI nakkI karavAmAM AvI che, kAraNake banne taraphthI hisAbe raju karavAmAM AvyA hatA. kAi paNa evA dAkhalA mAluma paDayA nathI ke jyAM sarakArabhAga eka tRtIyAMzathI vadhAre hoya. ghaNe ThekANe pAMcame agara chaThTho bhAga paNa hatA, ane keTaleka ThekANe te kula pedAzanA dazamA bhAgathI paNa e hatA. ,, jyAre kRSNA ane tuMgabhadrAnA mulaka nijhAma sarakAra pAsethI iMgreja sarakArane maLyA tyAre tyAM paNa jamAbaMdIne ba Mdobasta karavA sArU maneAneja mekalyeA. tyAM paNa maneAe bAheAzIthI kAma karyuM ane soMpUrNa pha teha meLavI. paNa sattAdhIzonA lAbhane lIdhe leAkeAnA hakanI beie teTalI darakAra tenAthI na rAkhI zakAI. A bAbata e evA sA dIlathI kabUla kare che ke tenA virUddha TIkA karavAnuM paNa mana thatu nathI. lakhe che keH-- jo mane ema khAtrI hata ke uttarAttara AvatI mahesulasabhA dhIme dhIme jamA vadhAravAnI meM bhalAmaNa karI che te vAtane Teke Apaze te huM tene vaLagI raheta, paNa mane tema karavA devAmAM Ave evuM lAgatuM nathI. kArabhArIenA manamAM hamezAM potAnA kArabhAra daramiyAna rAjyanI upajamAM, ane bane tA, lAkanI AbAdImAM vadhAre batAvavAnI icchA haiAya che, ane tethI karIne mAre paNa mArA dhAryA karatAM vadhAre tvarAthI cAlavuM paDaro. huM jema jema vRddha thatA jaiza tema nabaLA paDatA jAuM ane TIkA sahana karavA arAkta thA tA te sa'bhavita che. jo hu` mArA uttarAdhikArIne mATe jamALI vadhAravAne

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, avakAza mUkatA jAuM te ema kahevAya ke meM vasati te sarakArane chetaravAmAM madada karI. atyAre te kaMi ekadama karI nAMkhavAnA mArA vicAra nathI, paNa rAjyamAM nANAMnI taMgIne lIdhe mAre karavu joie tenA karatAM raiyata upara vadhAre dabANu karIza. ,, 121 jyAre manAe uparanA patra lakhyA tyAre enA eka mitranA dAkhaleo enA manamAM hatA; jene mahesula sabhAe karNATakanI jamA bahu halakI bAMdhavA sArU sarakArI nekarImAMthI khaseDavAnI taiyArI hatI. peAtAnA adhikArI upara AvAM geravAjakhI dabANa karIne kampanIe potAne maLelI jamInanI mahesula kheDutone bahu krUra ane julamI lAge evI vadhArI dIdhI hatI. sAta varSa sudhI A navA prAntAnA vahIvaTa karyAM pachI manAe vizrAnti levA sArU hiMdu cheDayuM. sAta varSanI aMdara 402637 pAleMDathI 606909 pAunDanI mahesula eNe batAvI tethI sattAdhIzeA tenA upara bahu khuzI hatA. sAta varSamAM 50 TakA jeTalA vadhArA ! AvAM AthI kampanI peAtAnA amaladArAtA tAla karatI. malaAra. daramiyAna khIjA jIllAonI jamA khIjA adhikArIoe harAvI. malakhAra deza kampanInA hAthamAM 1792 mAM AvyA. ane theADA vakhata sudhI te te muMbaimAM ilAkAmAM hatA. muMbai sarakAre pahelAM malabAranA nAyara saradArA sAthe daivArSika TharAveA karyAM ane pachIthI pAMca varSanA TharAva karyAM. te rAjAe ane nAyara saradArA TharAvelI mahesula na ApI zakyA eTale temanI pAsethI jamIna paDAvI lIdhI ane teee baLavA karyAM. Ama muMbai sarakArane vahIvaTa niSphaLa thavAthI malabAra 1800 mAM madrAsa sarakArane sAMpI dIdhA. madrAsanA gavarnara lorDa kennAiye tyAM dezAdhyakSA ane tenA tAbAmAM khIjA amaladArA nImyA. jamAbandInA TharAvA kaMika jamInadAro sAthe ane kaMika

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122 prakaraNa 3 ju. kabajedAra kheDuta sAthe karyA. paNa have raiyatavArI paddhati sattAdhIzone anukUla thaI paDI hatI ane te pramANe ja ghaNe bhAge jamAbandInA TharAvo thavA lAgyA. ane AthI je rAjAo ane nAyara saradAro malabAramAM parApUrvathI jamInadAro : hatA temane dhIme dhIme dUra karyA ane Akhare teo adazya thaI gayA. kharI rAjyanIti pramANe te sarakAre temane kAyama rAkhavA joItA hatA, ane temane briTiza sarakAranI vaphAdAra prajA banAvI lekanA agresara banAvavA joitA hatA. paNa jema bane tema vadhAre upaja levA sArU raiyatanI sAthe parabArI jamA karAvavAnI icchAe sarakAranI nIti upara varasa jatAM vadhAre ne vadhAre asara karI. jAUra. taMjAUra sane 1899 mAM lerDa veslIe khAlasA karyuM. A rAjyanA kheDuto 5dRkadAra nAmanA mukhInI mAraphata jamA bharatA. eka paTTakadAranA tAbAmAM 1 thI 128 gAma hatAM, ane ghaNuM kharA paTTakadAra vAstavika jamInadAro ja hatA. briTiza sarakAre Amane tadana rada karyA. 1804 mAM raiyatavArI paddhati dAkhala karI. ane jamInanI mApaNI karI pAchallA varSonI kiMmata AMkavAne badale sarAsarIne hIsAbe jamA TharAvI. karNATaka, karNATakane vahIvaTa prathama 179ra mAM isTa inDiyA kampanIne soMpAye hatuM. ane pachI 1801 mAM veslIe e mulaka khAlasA karyo. A pradezane moTo bhAga pALegAra (polIgAra) nAmanA lazkarI saradAranA hAthamAM, keTalIka peDhIothI, ane keTaleka ThekANe te, seMkaDo varSothI hato.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 123 A pALegAra prathama te gAmonA mukhI athavA te tarehanA amaladAro hatA. paNa pAchaLathI dakSiNamAM thayelA rAjyaviparyayane aMge, sattAnA je moTA pheraphAro thayA te pheraphAromAM temanI vAstavika sthiti, lazkarI rAjyakartAenI thaI hatI. e leke potAnI jAgIro zA dhoraNathI dhAraNa karatA hatA tenI vigata temanI raju thayelI saNamAM-nIkaLatI na hatI, paNa te uparathI ATaluM spaSTa hatuM ke teo bAdazAhanA AzrayamAM ane karNATakanA subAnA tAbAmAM hatA; ane temane teo jamA ApatA, temanI savArImAM jyAre jyAre temane bolAvavAmAM Ave tyAre hAjara rahevAne teo baMdhAyelA hatA, ane hakumatanA pramANamAM pitAnI pAse lazkara rAkhavAne temano haka hato. pALegAranI sthiti saMbaMdhe vairana hesTiMgsanA vakhatathI ghaNo patra vyavahAra cAlyA che. karNATakanA navAbe potAnI raiyata upara kAbu vadhAravA mATe A sthAnika saradArone nAza karavA ghaNI vAra aMgrejanI madada mAgelI, paNa adhyakSasabhAne pALegAronI sAme navAbane madada karavA sArU briTiza senAno upayoga karavo bahu pasaMda paDele nahi hatuM. ane temaNe evA spaSTa ane niyata hukama ApyA hatA ke "pALegAra nAmanA dezI saradArono vinAza na kare," emane bhayaMkara hAlatamAM mUkavA e amane amAnuSa lAge che, navAbane vahIvaTa naramAzavALa nathI ane mahesula vasula karavAmAM ghaNe julama thAya che." emaNe evI dhAstI paNa batAvI hatI. karNATakanA lekane ghaNAM kaSTa veThavAM paDe che e vAta teo sArI peThe jANatA ane tenI sAthe karNATakanA navAbano julama e moTAmAM moTuM kaSTa hatuM tenI paNa temane khabara hatI. - 1792 mAM karNATakanA navAba sAthe karnAlisano saMdhi thayA pachI 1795nA kharItAmAM e saMdhinA dheraNanA savistara vivecanamAM teo utaryA che; te pachI hiMdustAnamAM carcA cAlI ane 1797 mAM madrAsanA te vakhatanA gavarnara lairDa hebarTa A pALegArane upayogI raiyata ane sarakAranA khaMDaNIdAra

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124 prakaraNa 3 ju. banAvIne kevI rIte rAkhavA tenI sUcanAo eka naMdhamAM karI. 1799 nA junanI pAMcamInA patramAM sabhAe A pALegAranI lazkarI sattAne bilakula nAza karavAno ane temanI pAsethI prathama ApatA tenA karatAM vadhAre khaMDaNI levAno Agraha karyo. A kharatAnI sahAyatA laIne madrAsanA sattAdhArIo InasAphanI hada vaTAvIne cAlyA gayA. 1799-1800 mAM emaNe pALegAra sAthe TharAva karyA; temAM temanA pitAnA gAmanI hada bahAranI tamAma jamIna sarakAre rAkhI ane pUrvanA karatAM 117 TakA jeTalI vadhAre jamA karAvI. dakSiNanA pALegAroe baLavo karyo paNa te baLavo ekadama zamAvI dIdho. baLavAkhoronI jAgIra AMcakI lIdhI ane keTalAkane dehAMta daMDa karyo. TharAvelI mahesulamAM dhIme dhIme DAM varSa sudhI vadhAro karyo, ane pachI, kula pedAzanA be tRtIyAMza jeTalI rakama sudhI pahoMce te pachI, acaLa thAya evo TharAva karyo. chevaTe dakSiNanA pALegAramAMnA jemanI pAse jAgIro rahI hatI temanI sAthe 1903 mAM yAvaccandra divAro jamAbaMdI thaI. A jamAbandI 1798-1800 karatAM bahu mAphakasara hatI. kula pedAzanA 41 thI 51 TakA jeTalI jamA TharAvavAmAM AvI. AvI cAda jAgI hatI, te ghaNe bhAge tinevallI jIllAmAM che. Aja pramANe zivagaMgA ane rAmanadana pALegAra sAthe paNa jamAbandInA TharAva kya. 1892 mAM pazcimanA pALegAro sAthe paNa yAvaccandradivAkarI TharAvo karavAmAM AvyA. paNa citUranA pALegAranAM nasIba nabaLAM hatAM. teo briTizanA hakanI sAme thayA. pitAnA killAomAMthI temane hAMkI kahADyA. te pachI teo jaMgalamAM jaIne rahyA. citranI sarva jAgIra DAka apavAda sAthe sarakAre khAlasA karI ane kheDuto sAthe parabArI jamAbandI bAMdhI. A badhA vyavahAra tarapha Aje so varSo pachI ApaNe joIe chIe tyAre karNATakanA pALegArono vAratavika nAza karavAnI nirdaya rAjyanIti mATe zoka thAya che. IsTa InDiyA kampanInA adhiSThAtAoe emanI pAsethI lakarI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 125 sattA chinavI levAno hukama karyo temAM teo vAjabI hatA. kAraNa ke rAjya vahIvaTanI navIna paddhati pramANe lazkarI sattA rAjyanA hAthamAM ja rahevI joIe. paNa pitAnA rahevAnA gAmanI sIma bahAranI tamAma jamIna paDAvI levI, temanA uparanI jamA ekadama besumAra vadhArI devI, ane temane vAstavika rIte vinAza karIne baLa zAMta kara, A kAMI DAhI ke InsArI rAjyanIti kahevAya nahi. temaNe sattaramA ane aDhAramA saikAmAM dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM cAlatI laDhAIonA prasaMgomAM potapotAnI jAgIramAM kAMIka zAMti ane vyavasthA rAkhI hatI; je vakhate bIjI koIpaNa vyavasthita sattA te pradezamAM na hatI te vakhate temaNe vaNakaronuM ane bIjA zilpIonuM temaja kheDutonuM rakSaNa karyuM hatuM; temaNe AkhA dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM jamInane pANI pIvA mATe mATAM moTAM jaLAzayo bAMdhyAM hatAM, ane nehere khedAvI hatI; ane phrenca sAthenI pahelI karNATakanI laDAIomAM jyAre madrAsa IgrejenA hAthamAMthI chUTI gayuM hatuM te vakhate temaNe aMgrejone zaraNa ApyuM hatuM. jo pALegAro tophAnI ane julamI hatA to te te sattaramA ane aDhAramAM saikAmAM eziyA ane yuropanA badhA saradArane ane umarAno sAmAnya svabhAva hato. DAhyA nItinipuNa rAjayapurUSa te temane "nirmULa karavA" karatAM vyavasthA sara karavAnuM vadhAre durasta dhAre. koIpaNa sarakArane mATe dezanI junI saMsthAo badalAvavAmAM DahApaNa nathI. eka paradezI sarakArane mATe kheDUtonI sAthe parabAro TharAva karavAthI upaja vadhe teTalA sArU eka AkhA vargane nAbuda karo ane tenA mAlikInA haka japta karavA e anucita che. madrAsamAM lorDa veslIe calAvelI rIti, lorDa kornavolIse baMgALAmAM calAvelI rAjyanItine mukAbale atyaMta anucita jaNAze. lorDa kornavaeNlIse baMgALAnA kheDuta vargane vaMzaparaMparAnA jamInadAranA tAbAmAM rahetA yA, ane temaNe jamInadArI paddhatine baLavAna karIne kAyama karI. leDa velanI sarakAre karNATakane moTe bhAga pALegAranI sattAmAM joyo, paNa

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126 prakaraNa 3 . lekene pitAnI aparokSa sattA nIce lAvavA mATe te pALegArone nirmaLa karyA. lorDa kaoNnaoNlIse eka prAcIna saMsthAne mAna ApyuM ane te dvArA teNe baMgALAmAM, sukhI ane anurakta evo eka moTo madhyama varga sAcavI rAkhe. le velInI rAjyanItie A vargane nAza karyo, ane briTiza rAjyane so varSa thaI gayAM che paNa hajI te varga utpanna tha nathI. hajI sudhI kheDuta ane paradezI sarakArane joDanArI sAMkaLa rUpa sukhI baLavAna ane vagadAra madhyama varga madrAsamAM ja nathI. laDa veslInI madrAsa sarakAranI rAjyanIti, thoDAM varSa upara carelyuzanane prasaMge kAnsamAM cAlelI rAjyanItine maLatI hatI. tyAM paNa umarAva varganA tamAma hako japta karI levAmAM AvyA hatA. paNa phrAnsamAM umarAnA hAthamAMthI je gayuM, tethI kAnsanI prajAne lAbha thayA. madrAsamAM pALegAranA hAthamAMthI je gayuM tene lAbha eka paradezI vepArInI kampanIne thaye. pitAnI hakumata nIcenI raiyata pAsethI pALegAro je hako vasula karatA tenAM nANAM dezamAM ja vaparAtAM, aneka kArothI lokanA hAthamAMja pAchAM jatAM ane tethI temanA vepAra rojagAra ane zi95ne lAbha thate. pALegArone vAstavika vinAza karyA pachI kampanIne je upaja AvI temAMthI vahIvaTanuM kharaca bAda karatAM je vadhe te paradezI vepArIonA naphA tarIke paradeza caDhI javA lAgyuM. kapanIne eka sahuthI vadhAre samartha adhiSTAtA lakhe che ke raiyatavArI jamAbandIne hetu-sAMthanA rUpamAM jamInamAMthI vadhArAmAM vadhAre maLI zake te sarakArane levuM, eja che, e vAtanI nA kahI zakAya tema nathI; tema te vAta chupAvI zakAya tema paNa nathI.+ madrAsanI mahesulanA uparanA varNananI tArIja nIcenA koThA uparathI jaNAze - + henI senTa jena Takara, inDiyana gavarnamenTanI arajIo lanDana 1853 pAnuM 13. .

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 127 acaLa jamAbaMdIvALA varSa. 1801 1802-5 jamIna. madrAsanI AsapAsanI jamIna. uttara sirakAra. salema pazcimanA pALegAranI jAgIre, citUranA dakSiNanA . " rAmada kRSNagiri. DiDigAla trivendrapura 1802-3 1803-4 1804-5 1804-5 1806-7, jayagiri yAvacaMdradivAkara nahi evA. malabAra-kAnaDA, koImbatUra. sara. } AvelA prAnta, bALAghATa pAlana, nelora-algoLa-ArakeTa, koTaka } satIvADa, tricinApallI, madrA, tinevallI. uparathI jaNAyuM haze ke jema jema jamInadAra, pALegAra, paTelIo vagerenI sAthe jamAlandInA TharAva karavAnuM madrAsamAM anucita gaNAtuM gayuM, tema tema raiyata eTale kheDu sAthe parabArA TharAva karavAnI rIta anukULa lAgavA mAMDI. havenAM prakaraNomAM raiyatavArI paddhatine A IlAkAmAM chevaTane mATe svIkAra thaye e vAta varNavAze.

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128 prakaraNa 4 ju. prakaraNa 4 thuM. grAma saMsthAo ke vyasta kheDuto. madrAsamAM carcA 1807-1820 chelA prakaraNamAM 1807 sudhImAM je jalAonI jamAbandI mukarara thaI hatI tene kaTho Apyo che. keTalAkanI acaLa jamAbandI thaI hatI; keTalAkanI vArSika hatI. have vArSika jamAbandIvALA jIllAomAM keTalI mudatanA paTA karavA e savAla utpanna thaye. (1) baMgALAmAM lorDa kornavolise dAkhala karelI acaLa jamInadArI jamAbandI ahIM dAkhala karavAmAM Avaze? ke (2) saraTomasa mane vALI acaLa raiyatavArI jamAbandI dAkhala karavI ? ke ( 3 ) madrAsanI mahesula sabhAe ThIka mAnelI acaLa mojevArI jamAbandI kAyama karavI ? A agatyanA savAlo upara thayelI carcA ApaNuM Arthika ItihAsamAM eka bahu rasika prakaraNa che. 1807 mAM Tomasa mane e vilAyata jatAM pahelAM acaLa raiyatavArI jamAbandInI bhalAmaNa karanArA prasiddha riporTa lakhyo hato temAM kula pedAzanA 45 TakA jeTalI sAtha je TharAvelI te ene bhAre paDatI lAgelI, te batAvI, temAMthI tho bhAga ocho karavAnI teNe bhalAmaNa karI ane te pachI A jamAindI-acaLa-yAvaccandradivAkara-karavAnI teNe himAyata karI hatI, te lakhe che ke "milakatane vinAza karyA sivAya vadhAremAM

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 128 vadhAre pedAzano eka tRtiyAMza sarakAra haka tarIke laI zakAya; temaja je leke kheDuta nathI, teo eja sarate nukasAna khakhyA vagara jamInane bhogavaTo karI zake. AthI mAro abhiprAya evo thAya che ke sarakAra hakanI A maryAdA jyAM sudhI ApaNe na bAMdhIe tyAM sudhI vasatinA badhA vargo jamIna rAkhI zakaze nahi, ane tyAM sudhI e khAnagI milakata paNa thaI zakaze nahi. temaja lekanI sthiti ane sarakAranI upaja vadhArI zake tevo "acala jamAbandIne " babasta paNa thaI zakaze nahi. teTalA mATe huM dhAruM chuM ke AvelA prAntamAM kula pedAzanA trIjA bhAga jeTale sarakAra haka TharAvo ane acaLa baMdobasta kare. atyAre 45 TakA che ene A bhUmikAmAM lAvavA mATe cothA bhAgane haka mApha karavo paDaze. have A jIllAono acaLa baMdobasta zI rIte karavo te huM batAvuM1 baMdobasta raiyatavArI kare. 2 kheDavANa jamInanA vistAra pramANe jamAne AMkaDe varSo varSa vadhA ravo ghaTADavo. 3 mApaNInA jamAnA daramAM 25 TakAno ghaTADe kare. 4 kuvetara jamInamAM athavA jyAM nadI ane nALAMmAMthI mahenata karIne pANI pavAya che, tyAM A uparAMta bIjA ATha TakA (jumale 33 TakA ) pUrata ghaTADo karavA; evI sarate ke kheDa kuvA ane badhe pitAne kharace sArI sthitimAM rAkhe. e ja pramANe jyAM nAnAM nAnAM taLAvamAMthI pANI pavAya che tyAM je kheDuto samAra kAmanuM kharaca pitAne mAthe rAkhe che teTalo ghaTADo kare. 5 varSa Akhara dareka kheDutane potAnI sthitinA pramANamAM jamIna vadhAravA ke mUkI devAnI chUTa ApavI; paNa e jamAna rAkhe ke mUkI de paNa tene jamInanI pasaMdagI karavAno haka Ape nahi. sArI ane

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130 prakaraNa 4 yu. narasI jamInaneA pramANamAM sarakhA bhAga eNe rAkhavA ke mUkI devA joie. 6 dareka kheDuta jyAM sudhI jamInanA sarakAra haka Ape jAya tyAM sudhI te tenI jamInane saMpUrNa mAlika gaNAvA jeie; ane te jamIna te bIjA kheDutane marajImAM Ave teTalI sAMthe' kheDavA ApI zake. ane marajImAM Ave te vecI paNa zake. cha sAdhAraNa prasa Mge pedAza nabaLI Ave athavA akasmAta thAya te tene sarakAra hakanI mAphI ApavAmAM Avaze nahi. kAcI AzAmIenI mIlakata athavA jamInamAMthI e sarakAra haka vasula thaI na zake te gAma leAkA pAsethI te vasula levA. paratu tevI rIte AkhA gAma upara paDatI rakamanA daza TakA karatAM vadhAre ApavAne te baMdhAyalA nathI. 8 paDatara jamIna sarakAranA hAthamAM rahe ane temAMthI kheDavANa thaine je upaje te sarakAra dAkhala thAya. 9 ghara dukAna dhaMdhAnA verA temaja jakAta tathA paracuraNa IjArAnI tamAma upaja sarakAranI gaNavI, je raiyatanI jamIna upara dhara athavA dukAne baMdhAya, te raiyatane te ghara ke dukAnonuM bhADuM levAne haka paNa temanAthI jamIna upara mApaNI pramANe je dara TharAvyA hoya tenA karatAM vadhAre bhADuM lai zakAya nahi. 10 je taLAvA vizeSa mAzIthI khAnagI milakata na thayAM hoya te sarakAra kharace samarAvavAM. 11 tagAvI ApavI dhIme dhIme baMdha karavI. 12 paTela karanama vigere grAmAdhikArIe atyAra sudhI jema hatA, temaja paNa dezAdhyakSa ( kalekaTara ) nA tAbAmAM rahe.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 131 13 khAnagI leNadAre je raiyatanI mIlakata upara TAMca lAve te temaNe raiyatano sarakAra haka Apavo, ane TAMca lAvatAM pahelAM tenI pAse sarakAra hakanA jamAna levA. enA praNetAnA abhiprAya pramANenI raiyatavArI baMde bastanI ejanAnI barAbara samajaNa paDavA mATe ATalA lAMbA utArA jarUranA jaNAyA che. masa manI icchA chuTA chuTA kheDuta sAthe TharAva karavAnI, te TharAva nitya karavAnI ane kheDavANa jamInanA vadhArA ghaTADAnA pramANamAM vadhaghaTa thaI zake tevI rIte TharAva karavAnI hatI. leMDa vilyama benTika 1803 mAM lokalAIvanI pachI madrAsane gavarnara thayo tene paNa teja abhiprAya hate. sane 1806 mAM eka naMdhamAM te lakhe che ke " jamInadArI bandobasta baMgALane ISTa hatA, kAraNa ke tyAM vaMzaparaparAnA jamInadAro hatA, paNa madrAsanA je bhAgomAM tevA jamInadAro nahatA tyAM te bandobasta ISTa nahote. "mane khAtrI che ke navA jamInadAro ubhA karavAmAM sarakAranuM ke raiyatanuM hita nathI. yAvaccadradivAkara badhebasta karavAnA dhoraNanI huM jarA paNa virUddha nathI. huM te dharaNane bhakta chuM, ane te gheraNa A temaja duniyAnA badhA bhAgone mATe iSTa che." teja varSamAM eka bIjI noMdhamAM teo lakhe che ke je niyamita dhoraNo pramANe kheDune eka varSanI mahenatanuM pUruM phaLa maLe tevI rIte vArSika TharAvo karyAthI ATalA badhA niHzaMka phAyadA thayA che to huM dhAruM chuM ke teja dhoraNa upara racelA raiyatane vadhAre lAbha maLe tevI rIte karelA yAvaccandradivAkara TharAve vadhAre pramANamAM phAyadAkAraka thazeja. uparanA utArA uparathI jaNAze ke mane temaja beTinke jyAre raiyatavArI bandobasta karavAnI himAyata karI tyAre yAvaccandradivAkara TharAva karavAnuM gheraNaja temanA manamAM hatuM. mane vilAyata gayo te pachI chae varSe eTale

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132 prakaraNa 4 yu. 1813 mAM kampanIneA paTA tAjo karavAnA prasa Mge divAne AmanI kamiTI AgaLa tenI jubAnI levAi hatI, te vakhate teNe kamiTI AgaLa enAthI anya teTalA bhAra mUkIne saraLatAthI ane nizcayathI eja dhAraNanu pratipAdana karyuM che ane acaLatAnA saMbaMdhamAM raiyatavArI ane jamInadArI bandebasta vacce ka Mi taphAvata nathI, paNa phera eTaleAja ke raiyatavArI paddhatithI kheDavANa jamIna jema vadhatI jAya tema tema sarakAra upaja vadhatI ya, ema spaSTa karyuM che. uparathI ATaluM sAbita thAya che ke maneAnA manamAM raiyatavArI jamAandI kheDavANa jamInanA vadhArAnA prasaMga sivAya sthira karavAnI vAta hatI; eTale sthiratAnA saMbaMdhamAM te kArnavAlisa ane mane! vacce A sivAya bIjo phera na hatA. A vAta khAsa karIne dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI jarUra che. kAraNa ke hAlamAM madrAsanI sarakAre niyata acaLa ane sthira jamAbandInA raiyatanA haka upara pANI pheravIne, maneAnI raiyatavArI jamAbandInA mULa tatvAne ja anAdara karyo che. maneAne sthira jamInadArI bandeobastaapriya thayA hatA, ane sthira raiyata vArI andobasta iSTa mAnyA hatA; tyAre madrAsanI vasulAtIsabhA sthira mArevArI jamAbandInI ceAjanAnI himAyata karatI hatI. maneAnA 15 mI AgasTa 1807 nA patranA sabadhamAM te lakhe che keH-- 29. madnAnI A yeAjanA A jIllAone lAgu che eTalu ja nahIM paNa khIjAone paNa lAgu paDe che; ane sarakAranI nANAMnI sthiti emanA abhiprAya pramANe 25 TakA athavA 15 TakA jeTalI paNa mApI ApavAne zaktivAna hoya to amane te dhaNu STa che, ane pariNAme dhaNuM lAbhadAyaka che. raiyata pAse jema thADu' laie tema tenI sthiti vadhAre AbAda thAya e nirvivAda che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihrAsa. 133 3. paNa sarakAranI AvazyakatAone lIdhe ApaNe ATalA meTe bhega ApavAne taiyAra na hoie ane ekadama khAnagI milakatanA haka raiyatane ApaNe ApI zakIe te ijArAnI paddhati jeTalA ApavA joie. je ApaNe sarakAra hakanA amuka bhAga mukI devAne taiyAra na heAie te pachI ApaNe mAlika tarIke mIDA thavu joie. 31. A paristhitimAM raiyatavArI paddhatine badale mi. hAlamIne khatAvelI gAmavArI bandebatanI paddhati sarakAranI upaja ane raiyatanI AbAdI khannene sabhALe evI amane lAge che. 32. dareka gAma eka nAnuM sarakhuM svarAjya che; ane bhArata varSe AvAM aneka svarAjyAnuM baneluM che. loka laDAinA vakhatamAM peAtAnA paTela uparaja AdhAra rAkhIne rahe che. sAmrAjya sattAnu' game te thAya tenI temane kAMi darakAra nathI ane gAme teA alagaja rahe che. gAme kai sattAnA hAthamAM gayAM ke kAne vArasAmAM utaryA, tenI temane ka Mija gaNatrI nathI; ane gAmanI aMtara vyavasthA emanI ema cAlI jAya che. gAmane mukhI te hamezAM vasulAtI adhikArI, pheAjadArI nyAyAdhiza ane mukhya kheDuta tarIke kAyamaja rahe che. 39. manunA divasothI te Aja sudhI jamAbandInA TharAvA A paTelanI sAthe athavA temanI dvArA karavAmAM Ave che. jo mahesulanA AMkaDA ucA na thAya ane paTela tene anumeAdana Ape te pachI teja raiyata sAthe ba debasta karI levAne; te nIcA hoya ane mukhI vadhAre karavAnuM kabUla na kare, teA amaladAra tenI samakSa raiyata sAthe TharAva kare, A paddhati kAmanI kasoTI khamI zakI che, ane te pati nIce khAkhA prAntAnA prAntAmAM UMcA prakAranI khetI cAle che, tethI khetIne utkarSa karavAmAM kharekhara upayogI che temAM sa Mdeha nathI. madrAsanI sarakAre vasulAtanI sabhAne sthira jamAbandI karavAnA pUrvarUpa tarIke navA jIllAomAM traNa varSanI jamAandI karavAnA adhikAra ApyA.

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134 prakaraNa 4 zuM. traNa varSa pUrAM thayA pachI temaNe adhyakSasabhAne daza varSanA paTA karavAnI ane temanI ma MjUrInI sarate te paTA kAyama-yAvaccandradivAkarA-karavAnI darakhAsta karI. paNa acaLa jamAndInA vicArathIja have adhiSThAtAe camakyA. ane daza varSanA paTA karavAnI bAbatamAM vasulAtasabhA upara adhikAra vinA cAlyAnuM teAhamata mUkayuM ane hukama karyo keH- je prAntAmAM hajI sudhI pAkA TharAva na thayA hoya tyAM raiyatavArI paddhatinuM dhAraNa grahaNa karavuM, ane te sivAya bIjA kAi dhAraNa upara gAmanI sAMtha nI thai hoya tyAM, je muddata mATe te TharAva karavAmAM AvyA haiAya te mudata vItyA bAda te DarAva baMdha paDaze, ema jAheranAmu N kADhavuM. adhyakSasabhAnA A TharAva sAme madrAsanI sarakAre vAMdho lIdhA. lakhyu keHkhetI, prajAnAM dhana ane AbAdInA pAyA gaNAya che, ane khetInA sudhArA vadhArA mATe jamIna upara sarakAra hakanI maryAdA bAMdhavI jarUranI gaNAya che.AvI maryAdA bAMdhavAthI sarakArane nukasAna thaze ema kadI na manAya, kAraNa ke te vinA khetImAM sudhAreA vadhAre thai zake nahi, ane dezanI sAdhana saMpatti paNa vadhe nahi.......... uparanA zabdo lakhatAM acaLa TharAvanuM ' eka kAza nItinA savAla tarIke ja ame vivecana karyuM che; paNa bIjI rIte e Avazyaka che, ema batAvavAmAM kAMipaNa muzkelI nathI. udhADu` che ke A yeAjanAthI khetInA dhandhAvALI raiyatane ApaNI rAjyasattAnI sthiratAmAM UMDu ane acaLa hita badhAze. * vaLatA varSamAM madrAsanI sarakAre acaLa meAjevArI-gAmavArI-jamAbandInA pakSamAM ane acaLa raiyatavArI jamAbandI virUddha vadhAre chaTAdAra vinati adhyakSasabhAne karI. 66 jo acaLa TharAvanuM prAthamika sASya e hoya ke lokone peAtAnAM kAma kAja amaladAra karatAM potAnI meLe vadhAre sArI rIte sabhALI zakaze evA

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika pratihAsa. abhiprAyathI temane te vahIvaTa karavAnA haka ApavA, te raiyatavArI jamAbandIthI e hetu keTalA gheADA sadhAze ! jemanA hAthamAMthI e vahIvaTa lai late emane ApavAne vicAra che, temanAja hAthamAM keTale sudhI e vahIvaTa hajI paNa raheze ? A padhdhati je ughADI rIte jamInanA mAlikAnA haka hitanuM rakSaNa karavA sArU pasaMda karavAmAM AvI che, temAM kAMi sAmAnya ke vizeSa, asmAnI sulatAnInA kAraNathI, ALasathI ke geravyavasthAthI jo keAivAra teo khetI karI zake nahi, te jyAre jyAre tema thAya tyAre tyAre temane haka sarakAra dAkhala thAya, e hakIkata bahu vicitra lAge che. kharekhara jo kheDutA vAstavika rIte jamInanA mAlika che, te AnA karatAM khIje vadhAre julamI TharAva ame dhArI zakatA nathI. 135 " je jamIna e cheDe athavA rAkhe temAM mApaNIne dagA thAya tenA jokhameAthI teneA bacAva nathI. ane jo A julamI rItathI bacavAne mATe potAnA kaTakAmAM kAMi pheraphAra na kare te khetInuM kAma kAja, jaLAzayanAM sAdhanA, tagAvInI vheMcaNI, asmAnI sulatAnI mApha karavAnI sattA te badhuM evA mANasAnA hAthamAM raheze ke jemane tenI milakatamAM ke svArtha na hoya, ane tenI lAgaNI sAthe ka qha anurAga na hoya. amane te ema lAge che, ke jyAM mukelA vizvAsane, svArthanA kAraNathI durUpayega thavAne saMbhava nathI, tyAM vizvAsa mukavA e vadhAre sArU che; ane sarakArI amaladArAnI nirUpayeAgI ane duniIta madadanA kheAjA vinA, athavA temanA julama ane lAbhanI dhAstI vinA, lokAne potAnI meLe potAnA dezamAM sudhArA karavAnA mArga upara mukavA te amane vadhAre kalyANakAraka lAge che. game tema, paNa amane khAtrI che, ke karnala mAe sUcavelI raiyatavArI paddhatine acaLa jamAbandInu nAma ApavuM dhaTatu nathI, paNa ulaTuM tene lIdhe jamInanI mahesula ane jamInanI mAlikI prathamanA jevIja anizcita rahe che. ane leAkeAnA upara sarakAranI

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prakaraNa 4 thuM. amaladAranI cikitsA ane daramiyAnagIrI evI ja rahe che, ke jenI nIce huM kaIpaNa khAnagI milakta AbAda thaI zake nahi. hiMdustAnanI jamInanI mahesulanA saMbaMdhamAM je abhiprAya ahIM ane IgleMDamAM hAlamAM baMdhAyelA che, temAM moTo taphAvata e mAluma paDe che ke IglaMDamAM evI dhAstI rAkhavAmAM Ave che ke lokonI saMpatti uparanA sarakAranA haka lokonI AbAdI sAthe vadhI zakaze nahi; paNa ahIM sarvane nirapavAda abhiprAya e che ke sarakAra hakane lIdhe lekanIdezanI-AbAdI eTalI ochI thaI gaI che ke atyaMta udAra ane nyAyazIla vahIvaTa vinA dezanAM sAdhano tvarAthI vadhaze to nahiM ja paNa ulaTAM cheka utarI jaze. amAro A abhiprAya jeTalA ane teTalA bhArathI atre ApanI samakSa mUkavA mAgIe chIe. ame ApanA DahApaNane, ApanI nyAyabuddhine, ApanI dayAnI lAgaNIne, A vacano kahIe chIe. enI sAthe ApanI sarakAranI rAjyavyavasthAnI phateha jeTalI joDAyelI che teTale ja daraje temAM eka vistRta dezanI AbAda ane saMkhyAbaMdha vasatinA kalyANane savAla samAyelo che. A deza upara kudaratanI kupA che. have, te aMdaranA tathA paradezIo sAthenA vigrahathI mukata che, ane je mAtra sarakAra potAnA haka mAphakasara kare to te zrImaMta ane AbAda thavAnI aNI upara che. A moTAM phaLanI prAptine mukAbale temane mATe je kAMI bhAga ApavA paDe te kAMija gaNatrImAM nathI. * raiyatavArI ane majevArI paddhatinA savAlano nirNaya thoDA vakhata sudhI have mulatavI rAkhavAmAM Avyo, kAraNa ke nyAyakhAtAnA ane vahIvaTa khAtAnA keTalAka sudhArAnI bAbatamAM tarata dhyAna ApavAnI jarUra hatI. sAta varSa sadhI hiMdamAM zrama lIdhA pachI mano sAta varSa iMglaMDamAM rahyA hatA, teTalAmAM nyAyapaddhatinA viSayamAM tapAsa karavA sArU eka kamizananA vaDA tarIke tene pAchA hiMdustAna mokalavAmAM AvyA. sane 1814 nA sapaTembaranI 16 mIe te madrAsa pahoMcyo. nyAyapaddhatimAM teNe kevA sudhArA karyA ane svadezI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 136 one javAbadArInI jagAomAM dAkhala karavAne teNe zuM zuM karyuM te AgaLa upara varNavAze. marAThA vigrahamAM potAnI bahAdurInI sAthe svadezIo upara vizvAsa mUkyAthI teNe kevuM parAkrama karyuM hatuM te A pustakamAM asthAne che. marAThA vigrahane aMta AvyA pachI 1819 mAM mane vaLI igleMDa gaye, ane have jamInanI mahesulano savAla nirNaya mATe Avyo. madrAsanI mahesulabha hajI mejedArI paddhatinA pakSamAM hatI. te bAbatamAM 1818 mAM eka noMdha karI che temAM nIce pramANe pratipAdana karyuM che ke - mojevArI paddhatimAM - mahesula vadhAre saraLatAthI ane niyamita rIte vasula thAya che. dezI amaladArone sattAno durupayoga karavAno avakAza nathI maLato. sarakArane paNa vArSika jamAbandInA TharAvomAM sarakArI dezAdhyakSa ane sabhAo dvArA je tasdI varSovarSa paDe che te bace che. vasulAtanA kAmamAM dagophaTakAnAM ane nANAM ucApata karavAnAM varSovarSa tehamato mUkavAmAM Ave che tenI cokasI karavAno prasaMga AvatuM nathI; uttara sirakAramAMthI nANAM vasula karavAnA sarakAranA keTalA prayatno niSphaLa nIvaDayA che, jamInadAro ane pALegAro nANuM na ApavA mATe keTalA prapa kare che, keTalIvAra jamInadArI ane polama jamInenA haka vasula karavA mATe sarakArane lazkarI madadanI jarUra paDe che, dezI nekaranAM pahelAnI aneka tarehanI apramANikatAnI TevAnA prasaMge hajI sudhI tAtkAlika jamAbandInA jIllAomAM kevA cAlu ja che; te badhu jotAM AnI sugamatA upara koInuM dhyAna kheMcAyA vinA rahe tema nathI. "prAcIna jamInadAra ane pALegAro A dezano umarAva varga hato; ane jo ke temAMnA keTalAkanA haka tapAsavA jaIe to TakI zake ema nathI to paNa lokanI sAthe temanAM badhUne evAM hatAM ke jene toDI nAkhavA karatAM majabUta karavAmAM DahApaNa samAyeluM hatuM. ApaNane je vakhate sirakAra maLyA te vakhate ApaNI sattA hAlanA jevI heta, te te vakhate ApaNe sirakAranA jamIna

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138 - prakaraNa 4 thuM. dAro pAse pALegAronI peThe jamInano kabajo choDAvI dIdhA hatA, ane temane ApaNI udAratA uparaja ApaNuM penazanara tarIke rAkhyA hatA paNa jyAre dezI saradAro upara lekonI mamatA, ane jamInadAronI sthAnika sthiti vicAramAM laIe tyAre AvI nIti jevI anudAra tevI ja DahApaNa vinAnI gaNAya. " raiyatavArI paddhatinA saMbaMdhamAM bolatAM te lakhe che ke "yatavArI paddhati 1792 mAM ApaNane maLelA bArAmahAla ane salemanA jIllAomAMthI janma pAmI che; ane kalareDa, karnala mane ane karnala meDaleDe te amalamAM mUkI che. ArakeTanA uttara vibhAgamAM mirAsadAranA tamAma hake rada karyA, ane te badhA sarakArI upajamAM dAkhala karI dIdhA. TuMkAmAM mApaNIno AkAra eTale te vadhArI dIdho ke vacalA jamInadArone mATe je kAMI rahe te sarakAra hakamAM samAI jAya. kheDuta ane sarakAra vacce kaI paNa vacale mANasa svIkAryo nahi. "yatavArI jamAbandI tahasIladAra ane zarastedAre ghaNe bhAge varSovarSa karatA; ane sAmAnya rIte mela Ave tyAM sudhI te pUrI thAya nahi ane pachI jeTaluM bane teTaluM vadhAre levAya tevI rIte jamAbadIno TharAva thato. je mAla sArA hoya te raiyata na ApI zake teTalo UMco kara tenA upara* naMkhAya. je mela moLA hoya to paNa pachI tenA gharamAM kAMI na rahe tevI rIte mAgaNI thAya. ane raiyata kaMIja ApI na zake tevI sthitimAM jyAM sudhI na hoya tyAM sudhI kaMI paNa mAphI ApavAmAM Ave nahi. A bAbato nirNaya karavA mATe raiyatanI zakitanI sakhta tapAsa karavA hukama thatA. eka jaNane mAphI Ape to tene amuka bhAga paDozIone ApavAnI pharaja hatI; tethI paDozIo paNa cekasIdAra banI jatA hatA. jeTalI jamIna kheDutanA khAtAmAM caDI hoya teTalI badhI jamInano kabajo rAkhavAnI tene vasulAtI adhikArIo pharaja pADatA, ane mi. thekare

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa 19 kahe che tema teNe jamIna kheDI hoya vA na kheDI hoya te paNa sarakArano bojo te tenA upara paDato ja. belArInA dezAdhyakSa mi. cepaline kahe che tema cAlatA kAyadAnI virUddha thaIne paNa riyatane tenA sAdhanonAM pramANamAM jamIna kheDavAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvatI; dezAdhyakSa ane tenA tAbAnA dezI nokaro* kheDUtone keda karavAnI ane zikSA karavAnI sattAno amala karIne Ama pharaja pADavAmAM phAvatA hatA. te spaSTa lakhe che ke je A julamathI te khetI choDIne cAlyA jAya jyAM jAya tyAM tenA upara marajI mujaba e AkAra nAMkhavAmAM Ave ke sthaLAtara kayone kaMI lAbha ene rahe nahi. e pramANe susthApita vahIvaTa hato. navA maLelA dezanI kharI sAdhana saMpattithI ane jamIna saMbaM. dhanA haka javAbadArInAM cekasa dhoraNothI ajANyA chatAM ApaNe paradezI talavArIAo gajaba karIe chIe. vizALa jamIne jotAMnI sAthe, prajAo judA rIta rIvAjavALI, judI belIvALI, chatAM ApaNe ApaNuM rAjyamAM ilAkA vAra nahi, jIllAvAra nahi, dareka khAtAvAra nahi; paNa khetare khetarane AkAra TharAvavAnuM kAma mAthe laIe chIe. je kAma yuropanA sahuthI vadhAre sudhArAvALA dezo ke jyAM jamInanI sthiti saMbaMdhI dareka mAhItI sahaja maLI zake che, ane jyAM rAjA ane prajA ekaja che, tyAM paNa rAkSasI mahenatanuM athavA havAI ja gaNAya. A eka mAnelA sudhArAnI pAchaLa ApaNe IrAdA vinA prAcIna saMbadhe ane hiMduonAM gAmonAM nAnAM nAnAM svasattAka rAjyo ne arasaparasa joDatA tamAma prAcIna rIvAjone toDI nAkhIe chIe. eka jAtano navo kheDutane kAyade karIne parApUrvathI grAma saMsthAonI samasta mAlikInI jamIne mAtra mIrAsadAro athavA kadImAM nahIM paNa halakA kheDu varga suddhAM. tamAM kakaDe kakaDe vaheMcI nAkhIe chIe. kevaLa ajJAnathI pitAnI khAnagI mAlikI svIkAravAnI nA pADatA ApaNe temane joIe chIe; ane temano nakAra svIkArI ApaNe te rada karIe chIe. ane tema karIne

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140 prakaraNa 4 thuM. . grAma saMsthAnI mAlikInI jamInane sarakAra dAkhala karI tene badale koI eka sakhasane pagArathI nabhAvIe chIe. ApaNe dareka khetara upara sarakAra hakanI maryAdA bAMdhavAno dekhAva karIe chIe, paNa tema karavAmAM vAstavika rIte, na pahoMcI zakAya evI bhAre hada sthApita karIe chIe; ane riyata upara marajI mujaba AkAra nAMkhIe chIe. ApaNA pahelAMnA musalamAna sarakAranI mAphaka kheDutane haLanI sAthe jorathI bAMdhIe chIe. spaSTa rIte vadhAre paDatA AkAra vALI jamIna kheDavAnI pharaja pADIe chIe. jo khetI choDIne nAzI jAya te pAcho tene tenA khetara upara ghasaDI lAvIe chIe. maila pAke tyAM sudhI sarakAra haka nakI karavAnuM mulatavI rAkhI Akhare paIe paI sudhI jeTaluM bane teTaluM tenI pAse laIe chIe; te eTale sudhI ke keTalIka vAra te baLada ane bI sivAya bIjuM kAMI rahevA detA nathI. ane, vakhate te tene potAne mATe nahi paNa ApaNe mATe khetI karavAnuM utsAhahIne kAma karAvavA sArU baLada ane bI paNa purAM pADavAM paDe che. sthAyI ane mAphakasara AkAra rUpI saMrakSaNa vinAnI raiyatavArI paddhatimAM raiyatanI A sthiti hatI. chevaTe grAmasaMsthAonA saMbaMdhamAM mahesulasabhA lakhe che ke:-"joke A paddhati dareka jIllAmAM sarakhI phateha meLavI zakI nathI te paNa belArI jevAmAM jyAM ceDAmAM DI phateha maLI che, tyAM paNa dezAdhyakSo eka matanA che ke tethI khetI upara nirvAha karanAra lekanI sthiti ghaNI sudharI che; ane grAmasaMsthAothI paTelIA ja sArA AzAmI thayA che, ema nathI paNa kheDutanA moTA vargane tenAthI ghaNo phAyado thayo che. raiyatavArI vasati dareka ThekANe kSaya pAmI che, ane paTelIAo raiyata upara julama karI zakatA nathI eTaluM ja nahi paNa temanI nabaLI paDelI sattAne tahasIladAronI madada ApavI paDe che. A kaDapA ane ArakeTanA

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 141 uttara bhAgamAM jyAM jamAbandIno baMdobasta sahuthI sArI rIte thayuM che tyAM, AkhA dezamAM koI ThekANe jovAmAM AvatI nathI, evI AbAdI daSTigocara thAya che." A chellI vinaMti paNa nakAmI gaI. raiyatavArI paddhatine mULa praNetA sara masa mane madrAsane gavarnara thaIne trIjI vAro Avyo, ane je jamInadAra ane pALegAro sAthe jamInadArI paddhatithI jamAbandInA TharAvo thaI cUkyA hatA, temanA sivAya AkhA IlAkAmAM chevaTane mATe raiyatavArI paddhati svIkArAI. eka saikA pachI A carcA upara ApaNe joIe chIe, tyAre ApaNane zoka thAya che. saraTamasa manAnA zIla svarUpane mATe ApaNane game teTaluM bhAna hoya paNa A bAbatamAM te mahesulasabhAne abhiprAya kharo hato. dezanI prAcIna saMsthAo jyAM sudhI navIna sudhArAne pratikUla na hoya tyAMsudhI temane ukheDI nAMkhavAmAM nahi paNa pALavAmAM ane sudhAravAmAM ja sarakAranuM DahApaNa raheluM che. ane emAM kaMI zaka nathI ke hiMdustAnanA gAmaDAMonI AMtara vyavasthA tahasIladAra, zirastadAra ane polIsa rAkhI zake tenA karatAM vadhAre phatehamindIthI ane pitAne vadhAre saMtoSa thAya tevI rIte gAmaDAnA leka pitAnI meLe ja rAkhI zake; ane jyAM banI zake tevuM hoya tyAM pitAno kArabhAra pitAne hAthe calAvavA devAmAM AkhI mAnavajAtine lAbha che. jo manAe bArAmahAla kAnaDA ane navA jIllAomAM grAmasaMsthAo cAlatI joI hatI te te pote ja teno moTo vakIla thAta, paNa A chalAomAM kheDute sAthe parabArI jamAbandI TharAvIne, madrAsa sarakAramAM ane hAUsa oNpha komansamAM e ja paddhatinI himAyata karyA pachI, kampanInA adhiSThAtAo pAse madrAsa ilAkAnA AkAryA vinAnA tamAma bhAgomAM eja paddhati maMjUra karAvyA pachI, te potAno abhiprAya badalavAne ane 1812 thI 1818 daramiyAna mahesulasabhAe sAcavI rAkhelI grAmasaMsthAo dvArA jamInanI mahesulanA vadhAre IcchavA lAyaka vahIvaTanI yogya kiMmata karavAne, azakta

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142 prakaraNa 4 thuM. hite. madrAsanA gavarnara tarIke sara se grAmya saMsthAone puSTa karavA tenAthI banyuM teTaluM karyuM. teNe paMcAyata sthApI, temane nyAyano adhikAra Ape, ane hiMdanI grAmasattAne jIvatI ane sughaTita rAkhavA mATe tenAthI banyuM teTaluM teNe kahyuM; paNa A badhA yatno niSphaLa gayA. junI saMsthAomAMthI jyAre kharI sattA laI levAmAM Ave che, tyAre mAtra upara uparano sattAne DoLa TakI zakatA nathI. gAmaDAMonA lake mahesula ane polisanA rUzvatI A adhikArIonI kanaDagatamAM prathamanI peThe vyavasthita maMDaLa tarIke eka kAma karI zakayA nahIM. briTiza rAjyanA AvavAthI ApaNA dezamAM je moTA pheraphAro thayA temAM ghaNAkharA sudhArAne anukUla hatA, keTalAka vakhoDavA lAyaka thayA, paNa ApaNI grAmasaMsthAomAM samAyaluM svarAjya-je pRthvI upara ApaNe pahela vaheluM saMpAdana karyuM hatuM teno vinAza e sahuthI vadhAre zokajanaka pheraphAra thayo. mahesulasabhAe sUcavelI grAmapaddhati choDI devAi e bAbatamAM A jamAnAne mAtra aitihAsika rasaja che. paNa je vicAravAnuM che te e che ke mane vALI raiyatavArI paddhati paNa pUrepUrI rahI zakI nahi. masa manee 1807 ane 1813 mAM spaSTa abhiprAya Apyo hato, ke raiyatavArI paddhatinuM sarva acaLa AkAramAM ja che ane paDatara jamIna sivAya bIjI badhI bAbatamAM raiyatavArI paddhati baMgALanI jamInadArI paddhati jeTalI sthira ane acaLa che. 1820 mAM madrAsanA badhA nahIM AkArAyelA jIllAomAM raiyatavArI paddhati dAkhala thaI; paNa AkAranI acaLatA hajI sudhI dAkhala karavAmAM AvI nathI. pratyeka navI jamAbandI vakhate leka ne samajI zake tevA kAraNothI AkAra pharatA hovAthI sarakArahakanI aniyatatAne lIdhe, leke hamezAM anizcita rahe che, ane dAridrayanA bhoga thaI paDayA che. '

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 143 madrAsanI rayatavArI jamAbandI. 1860-1827 sara Tomasa mane 1820mAM madrAsane gavarnara thaIne Avyo ane teja varSamAM AkhA madrAsa ilAkAmAM raiyatavArI jamAbandI dAkhala karavAnuM jAheranAmuM kahADayuM. vArasanA abhAvathI athavA kharIda karIne paNa jyAre prasaMga Ave tyAre jamInadArIo sarakAra dAkhala karavAmAM AvatI ane raiyatavArI paddhati zarU thatI. AkhA gAmanA paTAkAIne heAya te te rada karavAmAM AvatA. jyAM sahIyArI jamIna hoya tyAM bhAgIdAranA hake chuTA pADI devAne ane sAmAnya rIte kheDuto sAtheja vyavahAra karavAnA hukamo dezAdhyakSa (collector) upara chuTI gayA hatA. sarakAra haka paNa kula pedAzanA 45 thI 55 TakA jeTalo AkAravAmAM Avyo hato ane tethI paNa besumAra julama thatuM. paNa sara Tomasa manonA vicArazIla amala daramiyAna sarakAramAM sarva sAdhAraNa ghaTADe karavAmAM Avyo hato. A arasAmAM madrAsanA lekanI Arthika sthiti zI hatI tene khyAla ApavA sArU nIcene sAra saMkhyAbaMdha dataromAMthI tAravI kahADavAmAM AvyA che. nelera, 1818 mAM nelaranA dezAdhyakSe mApaNI ane vargavArI karIne AkAra nakakI karavAno prayoga gAma upara karyo hato. mahesulasabhAnA roja kAma uparathI nIcenI hakIkata mAlama paDe che. pItajamIna. ahIM dANAnI kiMmata khAMDI ekanA rU. 20 vecANa kiMmatanI sarerAza upara TharAvyA. tenA rU. 34374 thAya. temAMthI savA che TakA bAda karatAM rU. 22139 sarakAra ane kheDu vacce rahe che.

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144 prakaraNa 4 thuM. kheDute vIzamAthI nava bhAga eTale 45 TakAno bhAga ApatAM temanA bhAganA rU. 14462 thAya. ane sarakArane rU. 176 67 rahe. AkAzIA jamIna-AkAzIA jamIna ane vADInI upaja eja dharaNe gaNIne ane pedAzanI kiMmata khAMDI ekanA rU. 28 nA hIsAbe gaNatAM AkAzIA jamInanA sarakAra hakanA rU. 768 thAya ane vADInA rUpIA 205 thAya che. kheDutoe dezAdhyakSanI gaNatrI ane vecANa kiMmatane dara je teNe TharAvela tenI sAme vAMdho lIdho. tyAre thoDIka chuTachATa karI, ane mahesulasabhA evA TharAva upara AvI ke te gAmanI vArSika sekAra hakanI upaja rU. 156 00) Avaze. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to gAmanI aMdAjI pedAzanA ardha bhAga eTale sarakAra haka A navI jamAbandImAM TharAvavAmAM Avyo. tricinApalI. A jIllAmAM eka gAma pasaMda karavAmAM AvyuM. enI jamIna mApI vargavArI karI tyAMnA AMkaDA TharAvavAmAM AvyA. aMdAjI upaja 5816 kalamanI AvI. sarakAra ane loka vacce zarastA mujaba sarakhA bhAga karI nAMkhatAM sarakArane bhAge 2808 kalama thAya. tenI dezAdhyAkSanI gaNatrI pramANe kiMmata TharAvatAM rU. 3232 thAya che. te pachI thoDAka saravALA bAdabAkI karIne Akhare rU. 3211 sarakAra bhAganA nakkI TharyA. jamIna upara sarakAra haka aradho aradha TharAvAya te drAridrayakaraja kahevAya; paNa madrAsanI mahesulasabhA eka tRtIyAMzanuM pramANa mukarara karavAmAM paNa acakAtI hatI, chatAM sarakAranI mAMgaNI mAphakasara hovAne dA rAkhatI hatI. lakhe che ke kula pedAzane trIjo bhAga

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itiAsa. 145 e, sarvotra jyAM ki`mata karIne AkAra TharAvavAneA che tyAM te mATenA, dhAraNa rUpe t svIkArI zakAya, paNa dezAdhyakSete niyamamAM rAkhavA mATe te dhAraNa kAma lAge. koImbatUra. A jIllAmAM jhulamI AkAranI sAthe lAMca rUsvatanI sAmIlagIrI thai hatI. A bagADAne tapAsa karavAne eka kamizana nImavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mizane rIpera karyo ke ahIMne khajAnacI-kaeNAsI ciTI khAnagI vepAra kare che ane kampanInA dareka mANusane ane pase paisAnA petAnA vepAramAM lAbha le che. dezAdhyakSa mi. gerA te paNa evAja rUzvatIA hatA. AnA saMbaMdhamAM adhyakSasabhA sara masa manAne 1821 mAM nIce pramANe lakhe cheH-- " A badhA bagADA dhaNA gaMbhIra che. ane jyAre ApaNI vyavasthAenI khAmI tarIke enA upara vicAra karIe chIe tyAre dhaNuM duHkha thAya che, jema keImbatUramAM thayuM tema aa jIllAmAM nahIM thAya ema mAnavAne kaja kAraNa nathI. eka dezAdhyakSa jevA darajjAtA mANasa mahesula sabhAnA vizvAsane pAtra na heAya, ane jyAre te eka dagAkhAra dezIthI chetarAya ane tenI sAthe sAmIlagIrI kare tyAre tenA vahIvaTa nIcenA tamAma mulaka sarakArane amala bhAgavatA thADA mANaseAnA zIkAra rUpaja thai paDe. sAta sAta varSa sudhI dezAdhyakSanI nabaLAi athavA apramANikatAne lIdheja kAmbatUramAM banyA tevA banAve ane, sarakAranA halakAmAM halakA nAkaranI mAja upara vasatinAM jAna mAla AvI paDe, ane uparI adhikArIe jemane ame rAjyanI tamAma bAbato upara dekharekha rAkhavA ane tAbAnAM mANasAnAM kukarmone zodhI kahADavA ane aTakAvavA sArU rAkhyA che, temane tenI khabara paNa na paDe; te sthiti jotAM AvI tarehanI apramANikatA dhaNI ane ghaNe ThekANe hAvI joie, evA bhaya rahe che: ane vadhAre asarakAraka upAyeA levAnI jarUra che, 10

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146 - prakaraNa 4 thuM. evuM anumAna thAya che. mi. gero marI gayA che, tethI have temane ApaNI nokarImAM rAkhavA saMbaMdhI nirNaya karavAnI kAMI jarUra nathI, temaja temanI gaphalata kevA prakAranI hatI, tene paNa nirNaya karavAnI jarUra nathI; chatAM eka uparI amaladAranI AMkha nIce lAMbA vakhata sudhI meTAM kukarmo cAle ane tethI tAbAnA mANasane ghaNe naphe thaye heya; ane te badhuM jarAka jagRti te amaladAre rAkhI hatI te aTakAvI zakAya evuM hoya, tevA saMyoga te amaladArano paNa temAM hAtha have evuM sAbIta karavAne amuka daraje purAvA rUpa che." te pachInA varSanA bIjA patramAM kaImbaturanA AkAranI bAbatamAM lakhe che ke "kheDavANa jamIna e vADInI nahIM evI kheDavA lAyaka, eTale tevI kheDelI ane paDatara paDI rahelI jamIna; te badhI jamIna upara pUro AkAra jene kahevAmAM Ave tevo AkAra rIvAja pramANe karAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. viDInI jamIna upara A pUrA AkArano trIjo athavA cotho bhAga TharAvavAmAM AvyuM ane vADI mATe pUrA AkAra karatAM kAMI vadhAre karAvyuM hatuM.......... 1816 nA sapTembaranI sAtamI tArIkhanA patramAM dezAdhyakSa mi. salivAna lakhe che ke jyAre koI ramata be varSa sudhI amArI jamInane kabaje begave ane tenI sAtha Ape, tyAre te jamInano te mAlika gaNAya che. ane jyAM sudhI tenAmAM sAtha ApavAnI sattA heya tyAM sudhI teTalI jamInano AkAra tenA uparaja paDe. A uparathI jaNAya che ke sarakAre mAlikI haka kheDutane Apela te pitAnA naphAne mATe Apelo, kheDutanA naphA mATe nahi. pata jamIna upara athavA vADInA mAla upara je vadhArAne AkAra levAya che, te dezAdhyakSa kahe che te pramANe "sudhArA" upara kara che. kuvA bAMdhavA te te dezamAM saTAmAM moTo sudhAro che. hiMdustAnamAM varasAdanI RtunA nukasAnakAraka akasmAtothI be paravA rahevAne mATe jamInane pAchuM pAvAsArU

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 147 kuvAnI jarUra che. kuvAthI jeTalI jamIna pANI pI zake teTalI jamInane varasAdanI tamA rahetI nathI; tethI kuvA bAMdhavAne uttejana ApavuM tenA karatAM vadhAre upayogI pagaluM bIjuM kAMIja nathI. ane uttejana eTale ATaluM ja ke lokone potAnI majurInuM phaLa laNavA devuM; kAraNake dezAdhyakSa ema batAve che ke teonuM kuvA bAMdhavA tarapha svAbhAvika valaNa che, paNa sarakAra hakathI Dare che." A varSonA tamAma tumAremAM atizaya AkAranI phariyAda jovAmAM Ave che. te paNa adhyakSasabhA mi. geranAM pApone vakhoDI kahADavAmAM AvI chaTAdAra bhASA vApare paNa pitAnAM pApAnA upAya levAmAM tevA tvarita paNa nahatA ke tevA spaSTavakatA paNa na hatA. tricinApallInA dezAdhyakSa lakhe che ke -atizaya AkAranI nizAnIe rUpa kaSTa ane dAridraya tricinAlImAM sarvatra dekhAya che. ane jamInanI kiMmata ghaTI javAmAM khetInI pAyamAlI spaSTa dekhAya che. je mirAsa dAranA hAthamAM prathama hajAro vighA jeTalI jamIna hatI, teonI pAse have teTalA seMkaDA paNa nathI. ane A paNa cAlu varSamAM ke AvatA varSamAM vecAI jaze, je, AkAramAM pheraphAra nahi karavAmAM Ave athavA bakAta bAkI rAkhavAmAM nahi Ave, te. paNa huM sabhAnA dhyAna upara je vAta mukhyatve karIne mukavA mAMgu chuM te e che ke mArI khAtrI che ke hAlanI AMkaNI cAlu rAkhavI azakya che." "A tAtkAlika kaSTa mATe Apa ema yogya dhAro cho ke paTA rada na karatAM dareka khAtA upara dezAdhyakSane yogya lAge teTalI mAphI ApavI. vAstavika rIte A vArSika jamAindIja thaI. ame dhArIe chIe ke A rIta cAlu karIzuM te yogya cokasI vinAnA varSovarSanA TharAvanA rUpamAM, A rIta badalAI jaze ane tene aTakAvatAM Apane mahenata paDaze. eTale dezAdhyakSonI ulaTa ke dayAvRtti ke gaphalata ke sakhtAI, je jyAM raMga heya tyAM te raMga

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148 prakaraNa 4 yu. pramANe cAlaze; eTale, keTaleka ThekANe raiyata upara vadhAre paDatA khAjo thai jaze ane keTaleka ThekANe sarakAranA hakAnA vadhAre paDatA bhAga apAi jaze. " khIjA zabdomAM AkAranA dara atizaya rAkhavA, ane kheDuta pAse varSovarSa jeTaluM lai zakAya teTaluM levu'. ane A adhyakSasabhAne leAkanI AbAdIne anukUla lAgyuM ! taMjAzera. ta jAUranI paNa evIja hakIkata che. e paNa eka vAra AtmAda deza hatA, paNa taMjAIranA jamAyandInA peTA 1820 mAM khalAsa thayA. paNa pedAzanI ki`mata bahu ghaTI gayelI tethI ane tevAja nIcAbhAva ghaNA vakhata sudhI rahevAnA saMbhava hovAthI AkAra bahu bhAre thai paDayA hatA. ane te e che karavAnI jarUrIAtane puratA purAvA ApavAmAM AvyeA hateA. tr lokeAnI vRtti jInI bhAMgavaTInI rIta upara che, te paNa sarakAra haka nANAMmAM levAnI rItane vaLagI rahevu e vadhAre sArUM che. AvI sthiti Ave temAM dhoraNa nakkI karyuM che te kharAbara che. pedAzanI kimatamAM dasaTakA jeTalA vadhArA thAya tyAM sudhI AkAramAM vadhAro karavA nahi paNa jo pAMca TakA jeTalA bhAva utarI jAya te teTalA pramANamAM mAphI ApavI. A Dha. ahIMnI vAta paNa evIja zAkajanaka che. '"mahesulasabhA dezAdhyakSanI bhalAmaNa pramANe AkAramAM dhaTADA karavA ArjethI vina Mti kare che. A bAbata upara amArUM khAsa dhyAna kheMcAyu che. dezAdhyakSa ane mahesulasabhAnI ApaNe TharAvelA AkAra svIkAravAnI marajI nathI. te kahe che ke khAlI thai gayelA dezamAM pAsANanI parisImA jeTalA UMcA AkAra che. paNa amane barAMsA che ke te te vasula thaI zakaze, chatAM teo kahe che ke AvI jamAba *

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika pratidvAsa ndIthI deza AbAda thaI zakaze nahi. ane AbAda thavAnI anukUlatA karI ApavA mATe te sAtathI daza TakA jeTalA ghaTADA sUcave che. ' " 149 A uparanI Apa ( madrAsa sarakAra ) atizaya AMkaNInA kAnA saMbaMdhamAM majamuta abhiprAya Ape che. ane umere che ke ArkeTanA uttara vibhAgamAM AkAra ghaTADavAnuM kAMi kAraNa nathI. paNa tevI sthiti bIje ThekANe nathI. eTale dareka ThekANe AkAra ghaTADavAnIja jarUra che. ema Apa kahe che ane te premANe sAdhAraNa dhaTADA karavAnu Apa yogya dhAre che. ane Apa ekaMdara evI darakhAsta kare che ke sarakAra bhAga tarIke eka dara pedAzane trIjo bhAga gaNavA.' .. paNa trIjA athavA game te bhAgane acaLa dheAraNa tarIke svIkArI zakAze ke kema tene amane bahu zaka rahe che." ATalA utArA basa che. sthAnika adhikArInI sakhtAithI ane kampanInA adhiSThAtAonA lAbhathI ogaNIsamA saikAnA pahelA bhAgamAM lekone keTaluM kaSTa paDatu tene khyAla uparanA utArAthI maLI zakaze. sara TAmasa manAe A badhA jIllAonA AkAra halakA karavAnI peAtAnI sAta varSanI kArakIrdi daramIyAna mahenata karI ane Akhare AkhA ilAkAmAM AkAranA dara eba karyA paNa kharA. 1824 DisembaranI 31 mI tArIkhe lakhelI nedhamAM peAtAnA hetu ane yatnene hevAla prAsAdika ane vajanadAra bhASAmAM ApyA che. AvI vicAravanta noMdha lorDa kArnavAlesanA amala pachI A vakhata sudhImAM bhAgyeja lakhAi duze. A kiMmatI dastAvejanA pure sAra ApI zakAze nahi tethI lokanI sthitinA saMbadhamAM je bhAgAmAM vivecana karyuM che temAMthI AADAka utArA hAla ApIzuM.

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15 prakaraNa 4 thuM. mananI miniTa niyata ane mAphaka mahesula. jamInane vecANe lAyaka karavA sArU, lokane khetImAM sudhAro karavAmAM ane tene sthAyI milakata mAnavAmAM uttejana ApavAnA hetuthI sarakAra hakano AMkaDo mukarara karele have joIe ane te e to sunirNata have joIe ke ajJAna athavA AvezathI vadhArI zakAya nahi. raiyata kharI mAlika che; kAraNa ke je jamIna rAjyanA hAthamAM nathI, te tenI ja che. sarakAra hakanI UMcAi nIcAInA pramANamAM kheDutane bhAga jude jude ThekANe ane jude jude vakhate UMce nIce rahe che; paNa enI cokhkhI upaja game teTalI rahe, paNa enI muDInA naphA purata athavA te uparAMta kAMI paNa rahe tene te kharo mAlika che, ane sarakAra potAnI mahesula tarIke je mAMge te Ape che te uparAMtanuM badhuM temanuM ja che. AkAra hamezAM pharato rahe che, tene lIdhe ja jamInamAM sudhArA thatA aTakyA che ane jyAM sudhI te pramANe pharato raheze tyAM sudhI te pramANe aTakaze ja. kAraNa ke jyAM atyAre AkAra ochAmAM ochA che tyAM paNa te game tyAre vadhI zake evI buddhi hevAthI jamIna vecavA lAyaka thatI aTake che. jyAM sudhI sarakAra haka jamInanA dareka bhAga upara prathamathI niyata na thAya tyAM sudhI jamInanI kharI kiMmata AMkI zakAya paNa nahIM. tema te khAnagI milakata paNa thaI zake nahi. jyAre jamA nakakI thAya tyAre badhI anizcitatA dUra thatAM je jamIna upara vadhAre paDatI jamA nathI te jamInamAM kiMmata Ave che. jema jema sudhArA thatA jAya che tema tema te kiMmatamAM vadhAro thato jAya che, ane niphe kheDutane rahevAthI sudhArA karavAnuM paNa kheDutane ThIka paDe che."

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika vahIvaTanA kAmamAM dezIenI sAmIlagIrI. "yAre ApaNe dezIone dareka mATI jagAemAMthI bAtala karIe ane hamaNAM sudhI jema kahetA hatA tema-ema kahIe ke A kareADA mANasanI vasatimAMthI kAi paNa dezIne eka sATI mAravA jeTalI paNa sattA sepI zakAze nahi, tyAre ApaNuM rAjya ' mAbApa ' che e ApaNe kevI rIte kahI rAkIzu ? A pramANe emane bAtala karavAthI AkhI prajAne adhogatinI zikSA thAya che, jene kAMi paNa badA nathI. AkhI duniyAmAM eka AkhI prajAne AvI adhAti ApanArI zikSA karyAneA dAkhalA nathI. Ama karavAmAM hetu te nabaLAi ane bhUla ja che; paNa te A leAkeA kadI samajI zakaze nahIM. ApaNe emaneA utkarSa siddha karavAnu dhArIe chIe paNa pagalAM virUddhanAM bharIe chIe. utkarSanA himAyatIo utkarSatA AdhAra zA che te jANatA nathI. emanI darakhAsta evI che ke dezIo upara kAMi vizvAsa na mUkavA; temane kAMi sattA na ApavI; ane jema bane tema pratyeka adhikAramAMthI temane bAtala karavAH paNa jJAnanA sAmAnya vistAra karIne temane prakAza ApavAne te bahu umaMga dharAvatA jaNAya che. aMdhAra yugamAM paNa AvA uddhRta ane ayathArtha vicAra kAine paNa ye nahi hoya. kAraNa ke kAi paNa kALamAM ke kAi paNu dezamAM, dhana, kArtike adhikAranI prAptinI AzA vinA jJAna sa MpAdana karavAne khIjuM zuM uttejana thayuM che ? ane khIjI rIte joie te! jJAna sapAdana karyAneA artha zeA che, je te jJAnane, prajAnI sevAmAM, dezanI rAjya vyavasthAmAM sahu sahunI yAgyatA pramANenI judI judI pUrajo bajAvavAmAM upayoga na thAya te 66 ApaNAM pustakA ekalAM kAMija karI zakaze niha. sukuM sAdu` sAhitya kAi paNa prajAnuM zAla kaMdI sudhArI zakatuM nathI. A phaLa prApta karavAne mATe teA sArvajanikakAryabhAra dhana ane kIrtinA daravAjA udhaDavA joie.

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para prakaraNa 4 zuM. AvA badalAnI AzA vinA game teTalI vidyA prApta karI hoya paNa tethI eka prajAnI zaoNlAnnati thatI nathI. 4. A siddhAMta dareka prajAne mATe sAcA che, te hiMdustAnane mATe paNa cheja. dhAro ke briTana kAle para prajAnA hAthamAM jAya, lekane rAjyavahIvaTamAMnI sarva satAmAMthI, jAhera mAna akarAmamAMthI,vizvAsa ane UMcA pagAranA dareka adhikAramAMthI, bAtala kare, ane dareka jagAmAM vizvAsane mATe tee nAlAyaka manAya, te temanuM badhuM pavitra temaja sa MsArI sAhitya, temanuM badhuM jJAna temane, eka e jamAnAmAM halakA mananI, luccI ane aprAmANika prajA thatI aTakAvI zakaze nahiM. ` nAnA moTA badhA adhikAramAM dezIonI madada lIdhA vinA dezanA tamAma kAryabhAra ekalA yurApIyanathI cAlI zakaze ema kadAca ApaNe dhAratA haie tA paNa tema karavu e rAjyanItithI ane dharmathI kheTu che. mATI meTI ghaNI jagAomAM atyAre dezIo ApaNI nekarImAM che te vAta ApaNA upara temane anurAga hAvAnuM eka mukhya kAraNa che. jema ApaNe temane AmAMthI bAtala karatA jaIzuM tema ApaNA haka temanA upara nabaLA thatA jaze, ane jo temane tadana bhAtala karavAmAM AvyA te anurAgane badale aprIti thaze. te vRttie AkhI prajAmAM phelAze, dezI phAja sudhI pahocaze, ane pariNAme evI edIlI utpanna karaze ke jene tAbe karavI athavA jenI sAme thavu te ApaNane bahu bhAre paDaze. ane ema mAnIe ke teo sAme thayA vinA ane melyA cAlyA vinAja sahu sahana karaze te te ulaTu vadhAre kharAba che; te zIlasvarUpamAM DubatA jaze; adhikAra ane mAna AmarUnI AzA naSTa thaye temanAmAMthI prazasya kIrtine lAbha paNa nAkhuda thaze; te eka ALasu ane nIcI prajA thai jaze; ane bhUkha tarazanA sa MtoSa sivAya koipaNa UMcA prakAranA abhilASe tRpta karavA nAlAyaka thaI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 153 - - - - jaze. mArA abhiprAya pramANe te ApaNane A dezamAMthI samuLagA kahADI mUke te-ApaNA amala nIce eka AkhI prajA adhagatine pahece-enA karatAM vadhAre sAruM che." kara ane kAyadA "dareka svataMtra dezamAM lekanI marajI pramANe ja temanA upara kara naMkhAya che. lekane A haka agatyane gaNAya che. A haka ghaNuM mANasane hamezAM ciMtAmAM nAkhe che ane svataMtratAnA rakSake hamezAM te prakaTa kare che. je dezomAM svataMtratA nathI tyAM paNa kara grahaNa e rAjya amalanuM eka moTAmAM moTuM kAma che; kAraNa ke tenAthI lokanAM sukha ane sagavaDa upara vadhArAmAM vadhAre asara thAya che. tenAthI ghaNIvAra sarakAranI sAme thavAnI uzkeraNIo paNa thaI che, ane tenAthI bhaya ane artha ubhavadhArA prajAnA huMzIyAra mANasane amaladArImAM sAmela karavAnI agatya Apakhuda rAjyane paNa samajavAmAM AvI che. bIjA dezomAM rAjya ane amaladAro prajAnAM ja aMga hoya che; teo dareka rAjyaprakaraNanI zI asara thaze, ane tenA saMbaMdhamA lekano ze abhiprAya che, tethI vAkepha rahe che; paNa ahIM sarakArane A lAbha maLato nathI. te lekene mATe kAyadA kare che, ane lokono temAM kAMIpaNa hAtha nathI. lokanA saMbaMdhamAM teo kaMI jANatA nathI; ane tethI jyAM sudhI cAlAka ane buddhizALI sthAnika amaladArone lekanI sthitinI puratI tapAsa karI temanA abhiprAyo jANI levAnuM kAma soMpavAmAM na Ave ane te pramANe maLelI cekasa mAhItI pramANe kAyadA racavAne sarakAra pravRtta na thAya, tyAM sudhI, lekanI sthitine anukULa thAya tevA kAyadA temanAthI racI zakAze nahi. paNa A adhikArIo dezI nekaro dvArAja AvI mAhItI meLavI zake, kAraNa ke bIjA badhA karatAM temane ja AvI mAhitI meLavavAnAM sAdhano sarvathI sArI rIte maLI zake tema hoya che.

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154 prakaraNa 4 thuM. briTiza rAjyanA phAyadA ane geraphAyadA briTiza rAjyanA phAyadA ane geraphAyadAne saravALo karIe te mane lAge che ke tenuM pariNAma jevuM joIe teTaluM briTiza rAjyanA lAbhamAM Avaze nahi. kharI vAta che ke teo prathama karatAM paradezI sAthenA yuddha ane aMdara aMdaranA vigrahothI have nirbhaya thayA che, temanAM jAnamAla have jorajulamathI mukta thayAM che; amalavALA mANase have temane vinA kAraNe zikSA karI zakatA nathI, tema temanI milakata japta karI zake tema nathI. paNa, bIjI tarapha pitAnA kAyadA karavAmAM temane hAtha nathI, cheka tAbAnA darajajA sivAya vahIvaTamAM kaMI adhikAra nathI; dIvAnI ke lazkarI khAtAmAM moTA adhikAra upara teo caDI zake tema nathI. badhAja temane eka utaratI kema mAne che. ane ghaNIvAra dezanA prAcIna mAlika ane rAjA tarIke temane na gaNatAM ApaNuM mAMDalika ane nekaronA jevA gaNavAmAM Ave che. ApaNe dezIonA zIla svabhAvane unata karavAno prayatna na karIe te temane insAphI dhArA ApyA ke temanI pAse kara mAphakasara levA mAMDe, te kaMI basa nathI; paradezI rAjyanA amalamAM dezIonAM zIlane adhogatie pahocADanArAM eTalAM badhAM kAraNo hoya che ke tethI adhogati thatI aTakAvavI muzkela che. eka junI kahevata che ke jenuM svAtaMtrya gayuM teno ardhI sadguNa paNa gayo. A kahevata samasta prajAo temaja vyasta manuSyane paNa lAgu paDe che. manuSyane kaI milakata na hoya te jeTaluM avanAtakara nathI, teTaluM prajAnI milakta potAnA kaMIpaNa hAtha vinA, kevaLa pararAjyanI vyavasthA nIce hoya te, prajAne mATe ghaNuM ja vadhAre avanati karanAruM che. gulAma banelI prajA, praja tarIkenA tamAma hako, eka svataMtra mANasa gulAmagIrImAM gayAthI jema potAnA hako khue che tema-khue che. pitAnA karane nirNaya karavAne

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 155 haka, pitAnA kAyadA racavAno haka, rAjya kArabhAramAM ke samasta rAjyataMtramAM bhAga meLavavAne haka; e tamAma haka te AkhI prajA khue che. briTiza InDiyAne AmAMnA koI paNa haka nathI. "ApaNA amalane eka moTAmAM moTo geraphAyado e che ke janasamAjanI UMcI paMkitaono nAza karavAnuM ke halakI pADavAnuM, temane badhAne vadhAre paDa tI rIte eka sarakhI sthitimAM lAvavAnuM, ane temanuM parApUrvanuM vajana ghaTADIne dezanA rAjya kAryabhAramAM temane ochA upayogI karavAnuM, tenuM valaNa che. sva. dezI rAjyamAM eka jAgIradAra ke InAmadAra ane rAjyanA vahIvaTI temaja lazkarI khAtAnA UMcA amaladArono eka zrImaMta vaga hato. A ane moTAmoTA vepArIo ane raiyatamAMnA mANaso maLIne eka dhanavAna athavA to khAte pIne moTo varga hato. eka rAjAe ApelAM jAgIra athavA inAmo ghaNI vakhata bIje khuMcAvI leto, ane vahIvaTI temaja lazkarI amaladAro vakhato vakhata dUra thatA hatA paNa temane badale bIjA thatA; tethI, ane navAM kRpApAtra mANasone navI jAgIre ane navAM inAmo apAtAM hatAM tethI, A pheraphAronI asara e thatI ke vakhate vakhata janasamAjane evA gRhastho pUrA pADavAmAM AvatA hatA ke jemanI zrImaMtAithI dezanI khetI ane bIjA uchegene sArUM uttejana maLI zake. A phAyadA briTiza rAjyamAM lagabhaga tadana baMdha thayA che, tamAma agatyanA vahIvaTI ane lazkarI adhikAro have yuropiyanonA hAthamAM che, jemanI bacata temanA dezamAM jAya che." hindanuM bhaviSya. "ApaNI badhI goThavaNamAM eka moTo savAla ApaNe hamezAM dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe. lokenA zIlasvarUpa upara enI chevaTanI asara zI thaze? enAthI e unnata thaze ke avanata thaze ? ApaNe te ApaNI sattAne nirbhaya

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156 prakaraNa 4yuM. karIne ane dezanA lekonuM rakSaNa karIne, teonI lisaMpatti atyAranA karatAM paNa halakI dazAmAM AvI jAya tenI darakAra na karatAM, saMtoSa mAnavAnuM che! ke ApaNe te temanA zIlasvarUpane unnata karavAnA, temanA pitAnA rAjyanA vahIvaTanI uMcI jagAone lAyaka banAvavAnA ane temanA sudhArAne mATe yojanAo karavAnA prayatno karavAnA che? dezIonA manane unnata karavAM ane jyAre ApaNo hiMda sAthe saMbaMdha chuTe te vakhate ApaNuM amalanuM phaLa temane vadhAre halakA ane potAnuM saMbhALavAne ApaNe AvyA te vakhatanA karatAM vadhAre nAlAyaka banavAnuM ja AvyuM, ema dekhAya nahi, tenI kALajI rAkhavI e niHsaMzaya ApaNuM nizAna hovuM joIe. temanA zIlasvarUpane sudhAravAnI ghaNI yojanAo sUcavI zakAya tema che. paNa, jyAM sudhI e sudhAro kareja joIe, e ApaNuM rAjyanItinuM mukhya sUtra na thAya, tyAM sudhI koIpaNa yojanA saphaLa thavAnI nathI. A sUtra ekavAra svIkArAya te pachI tene hetu pAra pADavAne mATe ApaNe kALa ane khaMta upara paNa vizvAsa rAkhavo joIe. dezIonA sudhArA kayA upAyo lIdhAthI saraLatAthI thaze e bAbata nakkI karavA purato ApaNane anubhava nathI temaja te puratuM ApaNuM dezIonuM jJAna paNa nathI; thoDA ghaNAM saphaLa thAya evA ghaNA upAya sucavI zakAya tema che, paNa temanAmAM vadhAre vizvAsa mUkIne, temane jokhamanI jagAo ApIne sarakAranI lagabhaga pratyeka jagA mATe temane lAyaka banAvIne, temane pitAne pitAne mATe vadhAre UMce abhiprAya thAya, tevA yatna karavA te sivAya bIjo saphaLatAne mATe saMzaya rahita upAya mane jaNAtuM nathI. emanI A lAyakInI hada mukarara karavAnI atyAre jarUra nathI. paNa ApaNI pitAnI sattA jokhamamAM na Ave eTaluM sAcavIne je jagA mATe lAyaka hoya tevI keIpaNa jagAmAMthI temane zAmATe bAtala karavA te huM samajI zakato nathI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 157 ApaNe joIe chIe ke rAjyanA zIlasvarUpanI prajAnA zIlasvarUpa upara asara thAya che-rAjA tevI prajA evo niyama che. keTalIka prathama atyaMta sudharelI prajAo jaMgalI dazAmAM utarI gaI che, ane bIjI prathama atyaMta jaMgalI prajAo sudhArAnI UMcAmAM UMcI Toce pahoMcelI che. A bAbatane vicAra karatAM, jo ApaNe yogya pagalAM laIe, ane eka cittathI tene amalamAM mUkatA jaIe, te vakhata gaye hiMdanA loko pote potAnuM rAjya calAvI zake tevI zIlasaMpattivALA thAya eTale sudhI ApaNe emane bezaka sudhArI zakIe." A samaya pachI madrAsamAM jamAbandInA savAlanuM nirAkaraNa zuM thayuM te bAbata yogya sthaLe vivecana thaze. ahIM eTaluM ja kahevuM basa che ke mananA vicAra mane pAse rahyA. ane atyAre madrAsanA kheDutanA hAthamAM ani. yamita sarakAra hakanI sAme ke geravAjabI vadhArAonI sAme, kaMIpaNa aMkuza nathI. ane tethI tene karakasara karavAnuM kAMIpaNa-prayajana nathI, ane pitAnI sthiti sudhAravAnI kaMIpaNa sattA nathI. madrAsa ilAkAnI Arthika sthiti, sane 1800nA phebruArInI 14mI tArIkhe haiDe veslIe DaoN. kAnsesa bukanana nAmanA vaidyaka amaladArane dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM pharIne lokonI Arthika sthitinI tapAsa karavAnA kAma upara nI hate. Do. bukanana madrAsathI nIkaLI karNATaka, sara, keImbatUra, malabAra ane kanArAmAM pharyo. tenI nitya noMdha ane tenI tapAsamAM mAluma paDelI hakIkata lanDanamAM 1807nI sAlamAM prasiddha thayelI che. tene sAra A nIce pramANe. madrAsanI jAgIre. sane 1800nA eprIlanI tevIsamI tArIkhe DA. bukanane madrAsa che.

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148 prakaraNa 4 thuM. te vakhate madrAsanI AsapAsanI jamIna paDatara nahatI, ane je purate varasAda paDe te DAMgara sArI upajatI. keTaleka ThekANe pAnAM taLAvamAMthI jamInane pANI pAvAmAM AvatuM; ane jyAM te pramANe pANI maLatuM, tyAM mAMgarane pAka sAro thato hato. dharmAtmAoe rastA upara dharmazALAo bAMdhI hatI. "pazcima tarapha AgaLa cAlatAM tenA jevAmAM verAna mulaka Avyo paNa nALIerIo vAvIne keTalAka sudhAro karavAmAM Avyo hato. kenDatura AgaLa ramaNIya dekhAva jovAmAM Avyo. ahIM AgaLa DA. bukanane ApaNuM dakSiNa hiMdustAna jene mATe prasiddha che tevuM eka moTuM jaLAzaya joyuM. be TekarIo vacce eka baMdha bAMdhIne A taLAva banAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. jaLAzayano vistAra laMbAImAM sAta ATha mAila ane pahoLAimAM traNa mAIla hatA. ane temAMthI khetaromAM pANI pAvA mATe aneka nAnI nAnI nahere kahADavAmAM AvI hatI. varasAdamAM nadInAM pANIthI A taLAva bharAtuM hatuM. judI judI jagAe vIsathI tIsa phITa pahoLAM garanALAM hatAM. te DhoLAva upara paththarathI bAMdhelAM hatAM ane vadhArAnuM pANI temAM thaIne cAlyuM jatuM hatuM. A taLAvamAMthI batrIsa gAmanAM khetaromAM aDhAra mAsa sudhI pANI pahoMcatuM hatuM. Do.bukanana lakhe che ke varasAdanI achatathI dukALa paDe tevA mulakamAM AvAM jaLAzayonI kiMmata thaI zake tema nathI. pazcima tarapha AgaLa kenDAturU ane zrIparmaturU vacceno mulaka halake ane tharathI bharelo che. tyAM khetI bahu thoDI che ane vakhate pAka thAya te bI puratI paNa upaja thatI nathI. paraMtu A jamInamAM tADa ane jaMgalI khAre. kanA jhADe svataH uge che, ane tADamAMthI taDI jagArI e pe maLe che." zrIparmatarU AgaLa eka bIjuM junuM taLAva che. jemAMthI be hajAra ekara jeTalI DAMgaranI jamIna pANI pIe che. AnI pAchaLa jamIna vaLI verAna ane ujaDa Ave che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika pratihAsa. paTe kaeNnDjhavaramamAM paNa eka meTuM jaLAzaya hatuM, temAMthI paNa DAMgeranI jamInanA dhaNA ekarAne pANI paheAcatuM hatuM. navAba mahaMmada allInA dIvAne ahIMAM eka bIjI meTuM taLAva bAMdhyuM hatuM. tene paththaranI pharasabaMdhI hatI ane DeDa sudhI pagathI bAMdhyAM hatAM. taLAvanI pALa upara musApharane mATe nakasIdAra thAMbhalAovALI keTalIka dharmazALAo bAMdhI hatI. " kaeNAjIvarama e eka meTuM niyamita bAMdhaNIvALu zahera che. makAne mAtra ekaja mALanAM che, paNa ghaNAM khAlI che. dIvAle mATInI, ane chAparAM upara nevAM; dhara ceAsa ane vacamAM vacamAM ceAkavALAM; zerIe paheALI svaccha ane kATakhuNe. dareka bAjue nALIerInI hAre che. brAhmaNA zaMkarAcArya ke rAmAnujAcAryanA anuyAyio che. zaMkarAcArya-navamA saikAmAM thaI gayA ane rAmAnujAcArya agIAramA saikAmAM thai gayA." kaeNnDjhavarama pachI DA. bukananane mulaka vadhAre verAna lAgyA, madrAsa jAgIranI hada upara Damaralu-nAmanuM gAma che tyAM sudhI te AvI pahAcyA. Damara3 ane ulura vacce eka mATI nahera che te DAMgeranI jamInane pANI pAya che ulluranI jamIna sArI che, paNa tyAM Agatara mAleAja thAya che. khetaranI vacce meTAM jhADA uge che. eka dara madrAsanI jAgIra je isTa inDiyA kampanInA hAthamAM pacAsa varSathI che te AbAda sthitimAM nathI. vAraMvAra laDAi thavAthI, jamInanA verAnA bhArathI, ane upaja, jamInanI sthiti sudhAravAnA kAmamAM vaparAvAne badale kampanIne mATe mAla kharIdavAmAM vaparAtI hovAthI, leka garIba thai gayA che, vasati AchI thai gai che. keAnDAturumAM dezAdhyakSa mileie tyAMnu jItu taLAva samarAvyuM che paNa jamIna uparanA kara dhaNeAja vadhArI dIdhA che" khetaranAM khetara pANI vinAnAM, kheDANa vinAnAM ane vasati vinAnAM hatAM. DaoN. zukanananI bhASAmAM * verAna ' hatAM. . "L

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160 prakaraNa 4 thuM. karNATaka, che. bukanana jyAre karNATaka gayA tyAre te khAlasA thayeluM na hatuM. eTale vAstavika rIte kaMpanInA vahIvaTamAM chatAM nAmamAM te AkorTanA navAbanuM ja lekhAtuM hatuM. ArkoTa jatAM bukanane eka bIjuM bhavya junuM hindu taLAva joyuM. "A taLAva Azare ATha mAIla lAMbu ane traNa mAIla pahoLuM che ane te ghaNA vistAranI jamInamAM pANI pahoMcADe che." A sArvajanika bAMdhakAma joIne tene apUrva saMtoSa tha; kAraNa ke te "ghaNA lokone temanI sthitimAM je sukha bhogavI zakAya temAMnAM ghaNAM sukha purAM pADe che." ahIMthI ATane rasto kharAba hatA, gADAM paNa cAlI zake nahi. chatAM lake baLadanAM gADAmAM musApharI karatA ane musalamAna strIo vakhate dhaLI cAdara oDhI baLada upara savArI karatI. ArkaTa zahera moTuM che. tyAM jaDAM sutaranAM kapaDAM bane che. gharonI bAMdhaNI madrAsa jAgIranA jevI; AsapAsanI TekarIo verAna che ane jaladI nAza pAmatA paththaranI banelI che. AkoTa ane pazcimanI TekarIonA mulakanI keTalIka jamIna sArI che, tyAM vakhate bagIcA thAya che ane AkAzI mola paNa thAya che. bAkInI tamAma jamIna ujajaDa che." ArkiTathI velorane ane velerathI palIgaDAne rasto pAra nadInI khINamAM cAle che. A deza lIle ane phaLadrupa che. velarane kIle moTo che, suMdara che. ane zahera paNa moTuM ane hiMdu rIte bAMdheluM che. paNa rastA uparanAM gAmaDAM duHkhI ane daridra che. ane keTalAMka te cheka pAyamAla thayelAM che. pAlIgeDAnA loko paNa nadImAMthI cha sAta phITa uMDI Dera dhArAe

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, 161 pANI meLave che. bIjI vherAmAMthI te pANI jamIna pIe che, ane tethI veleAranI khANunI jamIna AkhA karNATakamAM sudaramAM suMdara che. bhArAmahAla. pachI DaoN. kSukanana pUrvadhATa upara caDavA ane bArAmahAlamAM AvelA vekansagiri paheAMcyA. A dezamAM ceDAM varSa upara manAe jamAbandI karI hatI. A dezanA caDhANu DhALAvAthI DA. bukananane IMgleMDanuM smaraNa thayuM. tenA abhiprAya pramANe A dezanA ardha bhAgamAM khetI hatI. bAkInI jamIna vIDInI hatI ane temAM DhAra caratAM. kAcI mATImAMthI ane kALI retImAMthI letuM kahADavAmAM AvatuM ane ghaNA bhAgeAmAM mIThuM maLI AvatuM. jamIna ratAza paDatI hatI ane GranitenA mizraNavALI lAla ferruginous mATInI banelI hatI; gAmaDAMomAM ane zaheramAM dIvAle A mATInI banAvelI hatI; ane rAtA ane dheALA paTAthI ene ra MgIne zaNagAravAmAM AvelI hatI. keTaleka ThekANe agAzImAM paNa Aja mATI vAparelI jaNAtI hatI. pUrva hai sUra have DaoNkaTara bukanana haimUranI hadamAM dAkhala thayA. tyAM TipusulatAnanA paDyA pachI lADavesalIe khesArelA navA rAjAnuM rAjya hatu. vallurU karIne meTA gAmamAM sAptAhika meLeA bharAtA hatA; ane jADuM sutarAu kApaDa banatuM, je paradeza paNa jatuM hatuM. paDAzanAM gAmemAM kAMbaLIe paNa banatI hatI. dasamAMthI sAta bhAga jeTalI jamIna kheDavANa hatI; ane Ane vIsame bhAga pIta jamIna hatI. pannAranA kinArA upara DAMgara thatI. khetarAmAM zrI khAtara nAMkhI, ane huLa, pADA ane baLadothI cAlatAM hatAM. 11

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162 prakaraNa 4 thuM. dasamI mee bukanana beMgalora Avyo. A zahera haidaraallIe potAnI sarahada upara eka suMdara musalamAnI zi85paddhati upara lazkarI kalA tarIke bAMdhyuM hatuM; paNa Tipu sulatAne briTizanA baLa sAme nakAmuM gaNI teno nAza karyo hato. ahIMA corasa takatIovALA vizALa bagIcAo hatA. A havAmAM drAkSa puSkaLa thatI, nAraMgI ane pIcane sArAM phaLa besatAM ane kepaphaguDahApathI ANelA pAIna ane okanAM jhADo sArI hAlatamAM hatAM. beMgalaranI najIkanI kheDavANa jamIna cAra dazAMza jeTalIja hatI. ane pUrve je jamInamAM vADIo hatI te have ujajaDa paDI hatI, kAraNa ke taratanA yudhdhAne lIdhe taLAvanI keIe darakAra rAkhI nahatI. haidaraalI e rAjya AbAda rAkhyuM hatuM. tamAma loke DaoN. bukananane moDhe haidara alInAM vakhANa karatA hatA paNa TipunA julamathI athavA tenI laDAIonA pariNAmamAM dezamAM kaSTa ghaNuM hatuM ane kheDutano cAra dazAMza gharagAma choDIne nAsI gayo hato. 18 mIe DAkaTara zrIraMgapaTTaNamAM dAkhala thayo, ane khAtrIpatra rajukaryA, vaLate dahADe teNe puNaA pradhAnanI mulAkAta lIdhI jenAM janarala vesalI ane je je aMgrejonI sAthe te saMbaMdhamAM Avyo hato te badhA bahu vakhANa karatA hatA. Tipu sulatAnanA vakhatamAM paNa puNA nI sattA puSkaLa hatI, ane je Tipue enI salAha mAnI hatI te Tipu uryo hata. Tipu paDyA pachI navA rAjAnA rAjyamAM te mahesUrano vAstavika rAjA thaze. Tipu sulatAnanA vakhatamAM zrIraMgapaTTaNanI vasati 150000 mANasanI hatI. paNa TipunAM yuddha pachI hAla te 32000 nI saMkhyA thaI gaI hatI. kAverInA uttara kinArA taraphanA mulakanuM nAma paTTanaaSTagrAma hatuM. ane dakSiNa kinArA taraphanA mulakanuM nAma mahAsUaSTa grAmahatuM. nadInI be bAjue mulaka uMcANuM hatuM. ane svAbhAvika rIte phalapa hato. cAre tarapha heronI yaMjanAthI jamInone pANI ApavAnI sArI goThavaNa hatI. kAverInuM pANI ThekANe ThekANe ghaNe kharace baMdha bAMdhIne A naheramAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvyuM

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 163 hatuM. A upayogI ane gaMjAvara kAma haidare bAMdhyAM hatAM ke pUrvanA hiMdu rAjAoe bAMdhyAM hatAM te bukanananA hevAla uparathI nIkaLatuM nathI; paNa TipunA yudhdhonA arasAmAM bahu nukasAna thayuM hatuM. moTAM maMdire, gAmaDAMo ane baMdho toDI nAMkhavAmAM AvyA hatA, ane here purAI gaI hatI. paraMtu, pUrvIAnI vyavasthA daramIyAna vepAra udyoga punaH sajIvana thatAM hatAM; "dareka ThekANe uddhAranAM cinho dekhAya che; gAmaDAMo pharIthI baMdhAya che; nahero sApha thAya che, ane haraNa ane jaMgalanA darogAone badale have garIba ane zAnta baLado khetaromAM majurI karavAmAM maMDI paDyA che." mahesUramAM DAMgara kApavAnI ane sAcavI rAkhavAnI rItanuM DA. bukenane savistara varNana ApyuM che. kApatAM pahelAM eka aThavADIA agAu khetaromAMthI pANI kahADI nAMkhavAmAM Ave che; pachI jamInamAMthI cAra IMca UMDAM dUDAM kApe, ane dUDAM, nIce rAkhIne tene Dhagale kare. eka aThavADIA pachI ene khaLAM mAM pAthare; ane te upara baLado pheravI-tenA 60 kanDaka athavA 334 muzaLanA DhagalA kare che. dareka DhagalA upara mATInI nIzAo karI parALathI chAI nAMkhe che. ane je bhAga hecAya tyAM sudhI te teja sthitimAM rahe che. pachI kheDuto potAno bhAga aneka rIte saMgharI rAkhe che. keTalAka sAMkaDI khANa karIne temAM rAkhe che. te khANe kaThaNa patharAu jamInamAM hoya che, 24 phUTa uMDI hoya che ane tenI cAre tarapha bhoMyataLIye temaja bAjue ane upara parALanuM astara nAMkhe che. dareka khANamAM 84 thI 168 buzala jeTalI DAMgara mAya che. bIjA, pATIyAnI jamInavALI vakhAramAM bharI rAkhe che. keTalAka mATInI koThIomAM bhare che. tenA mahA upara eka vAsaNa uMdhuM mUkIne chAMdI de che; ane jyAre joIe tyAre nIce eka bAkoruM pADeluM hoya che temAMthI DAMgara kahADavAmAM Ave che. keTalAka te parALanA kothaLAomAM DAMgara bharI rAkhe che. DAMgara sIvAya maga, tala, zelaDI paNa zrIraMgapaTTaNa AgaLa uge che.

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164 prakaraNa 4 thuM. AkAzIA khetaromAM ragInuM vAvetara khuba thAya che, garIba loke tenA upara nirvAha calAve che. A sivAya bAjarI ane javAra paNa puSkaLa thAya che. zrIraMgapaTTaNanI AsapAsa dareka kheDune bethI traNa sAMtI jeTalI jamIna heya che. eka sAMtI vALA garIba hoya che paNa cAra pAMca sAMtIvALA mAtabara kheDu kahevAya che. pAMca haLathI eka mANasa lagabhaga 25 ekara AkAsIA ane sADAbAra ekara vADInI jamIna kheDe che. kheDu jyAM sudhI mAmulI rIta mujaba sAMta ApyA kare tyAM sudhI tene kahADI mUkavAmAM AvatuM nathI. TipunA rAjyamAM paNa AvuM kRtya to vismaya ane pharyAdanuM kAraNa thaI paDatuM. bIjI tarapha sAtha levAnI sAthe taLAva tathA hera sArI sthitimAM rAkhavAnI pharaja sarakAra upara che. zrIraMgapaTTaNa AgaLa khetIvADInA majurone mahIne 6 zIlIMga 8 pensa (rU. 3-6-5) ne pagAra che. paNa bahAra gAmaDAMo 5 zIlIMga 4 pensa (rU. 2-11-0 ) che. strIo vakhato vakhata khetaromAM kAma kare che, ane mAthA upara khAtara khetaramAM laI jAya che. teo sAmAnya rIte pozAka ThIka pahere che, ane dekhAvamAM suMdara che. A dezanI satata majurI karatI strIonAM jevAM suMdara zarIre meM bIje kaMI joyAM nathI. temanA kaMTha ane hAtha khAsa karIne sughaTita che. tA. 6 ThI junane divase bukanana zrIraMgapaTTaNathI pAcho beMgalora tarapha ravAnA the. muMDIyamamAM DAMgaranI jamIna taLAvathI ja pANI pItI tene mAluma paDI. madarAmAM eka moTuM taLAva teNe dIThuM. je sAtameM varSa upara viSNuvardhana rAye bAMdheluM kahevAtuM hatuM. pAsenI nadImAMthI baMdha bAMdhI ane re kahADI. ne temAM pANI levAmAM AvatuM; ane barAbara sthitimAM hoya tyAre tenAthI AsapAsanI badhI jamIna bAre mAsa pANI pItI. cinApaTTama jyAM pahelAM jasadevarAya nAmanA eka pALegAra rahetA hatA tyAM kAcanI vIMTIo, baMgaDIo, taMburA, sAraMgI vagerenA loDhAnA tAra, svaccha sapheda sAkara, ane e citravicitra mAla banate hato. AgaLa cAlatAM rAmagirI AvyuM. paNa

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~ ~ ~ briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 15 1792 nI kornavolisanI caDhAIthI tyAM bahu nukazAna thayuM hatuM, ane vastino moTo bhAga bhukhamarAthI maraNa pAme hato. magadI AgaLa thaIne nIcI nIcI TekarIo ane khImAM thaIne rasto pasAra thato hato, jenA upara AkAzIAmola ugatA hatA. savanadUrgA AgaLa sAga ane vAMsa pedA thatA hatA paNa A gAma oNrDa kornavaeNlise sara karyuM hatuM, ane te pachIthI te vasyuM na hatuM. pAsenA DuMgaromAM le kahADavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, ane tene zuddha karI temAMthI khetInAM ojAre banAvavA ane laDAInAM hathiyAro mATe gajavela banAvatA hatA. tyAM AgaLa vaLI sukhaDa ane bIje sAgavAnI kATa pedA thato hato ane hiMdustAnanA suprasiddha raMgane mATe lAkhanAM jIvaDAM tyAM ucheravAmAM AvatAM hatAM. tArIkha 21 mI june bukanana beMgalora pahoMcyo. haidaraalInA vakhatamAM beMgaloramAM baheLo vepAra ane puSkaLa kArIgarI hatI. tripu sulatAne mUrkhAIthI nIjhAmanA rAjya ane karNATaka sAtheno tamAma vepAra baMdha karyo hato ane tethI beMgalorano vepAra cheka utarI gayo hatuM. paraMtu hiMdu rAjyanuM punaH saMsthApana thayuM te pachI A zahera pAchuM AbAda thayuM hatuM. punAnA vepArIo kAzmIrI zAle, kesara ane kasturI lAvatA, ane suratathI motI lAvatA hatA; burAnapuranA vepArIo chAMTa, maLI, kApaDa ane kasaba lAvatA; nijhAmanA rAjyamAMthI sunerI rUperI buTTIvALuM lAla sutarAu kApaDa AvatuM ane karNATakamAMthI mIThuM, kalaI, sIsuM, tAMbu ane yurepano mAla Avato, temaja beMgaloramAMthI sopArI, sukhaDa, marI, elacI ane AMbalIno nIkAsa thato hato. uparAMta kAMbaLIo ane rU ghaNuM AyAta thatuM hatuM. mAla, pazuo upara piTha nAMkhIne eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe laIjavAmAM Avato hato. eka varSamAM 1500 piThe rUnI, 50 sutaranI, 230 kAcA rezamanI, 7000 piThe mIThAnI ane 300 paradezI mAlanI AyAta karavAmAM AvI hatI. ane 4000 poThe sopArInI ane 400 marInI nIkA

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'prakaraNa 4 thuM. " sa thatI hatI. vaNakaro dezanA baranuM kApaDa vaNatA, ane rezamanA vaNanArAo umadA ane majabuta rezamI kApaDa banAvatA. rezamane lAkho lAla raMga, kapIlIpeDIthI kesarI raMga, ane tumeric no pILo raMga caDAvAta. rezamI kera vALAM sutarAu kapaDAM banAvanArAone rejanA cha AnA maLatA, ane rezamI kApaDa banAvanAra majurane rojanA sADAcAra AnA maLatA hatA. vaNakarane zAhukAro nANAM dhIratA, ane teo khAnagI rIte potAno mAla vecatA. paNa jAhera bajAramAM kadI laI jatA nathI. judIjudI jAtanAM masalIno paNa banatAM hatAM, ane tenuM puSkaLa vecANa thatuM hatuM. brAhmaNa sivAyanI judI judI nAtanI strIo sAptAhika bajAromAMthI rU laI AvatI, ghera kAMtatI ane vaNanArAone sutara ApatI; ane Ama badhI nAnAM strI purUSone kAMtavA vaNavAno phAyadAkAraka rojagAra hato. raMgavAnA kAmamAM gaLI bahu vaparAtI. cAmaDuM keLavavAno dhaMdhe ThIka napho Apata. ane eraMDIyuM, keparela ane mIThuM tela jathAbaMdha taiyAra thatuM ane vecAtuM. beMgalora pAsenA eka gAmaDAmAM che. bukananane tapAsa karatAM mAlama paDayuM hatuM ke tyAM agADI zAhukAro sAtha bharI devA mATe kheDutone nANAM dhIratA ane tenA badalAmAM vyAja ane muDI be maLIne aradho mAla upADI jatA. grAmapUgemAM mAlanI hecaNI zI rIte thatI hatI, tenuM varNana De. bukanana A pramANe Ape che. 2400 zera-athavA 2800 ratalanA DhagalAnA nIce pramANe bhAga paDatA. nAma. zera. nAma. gAma goraNa 5 mAro varataNuo jozI 1 mukhI brAhmaNa 1 paTavArI jhAMpe

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. hajAma kuMbhAra luvAra pagI kAmadAra paTela pANIvALA 65 dhobI 2 0 kula 169 A rIte khetaranI kula pedAzanA sADApAMca TakA jeTaluM anAja vaheMcyAthI vALaMda, kuMbhAra, luvAra, gera jozI vigere tamAmane lAbha AkhA gAmane maLata. sivAya dezamukha athavA jamInadArane daza TakA maLatA, ane bAkI rahe te sarakAra ane kheDuta vacce sarakhe hisse vaheMcAtuM. haidaraallIe dezamukho nAbuda karyA ane temane bhAga sarakAra dAkhala karyo. uttara mahesUra, tA. 3 jI julAIe beMgalora choDI DA. bukanane uttara plesUramAM musA karI karI. kolaranI AsapAsanA mulakamAM keTalAMka, gRhasthoe khodAvelAM taLAva joyAM. jemAMnAM moTAM moTAM sarakAre khedAvelAM hatAM. te taLAvamAMthI jamInone pANI pAvAmAM AvatAM. hiMdudharmazAstramAM rAjya bhAga , , mukarara karela hato; paNa jyAre dakSiNa hiMdustAnanA rAjAoe rU sudhI UMce bhAga levA mAMDe tyAre temaNe moTAM jaLAzayonAM kharaca karyo ane teo rAjabhAga nANamAM letA nahi paNa vaje bhAgaja letA hatA. ' kAlAranI pIta jamInamAM DAMgara, zelaDI, sopArI, zAkabhAjI ugatAM hatAM. ane DAMgera lagabhaga rAgInA jeTalI ja upajatI hatI. khasakhasa paNa ghaNI thatI, tenuM aphINa banatuM ane te mIThIroTalI banAvavAmAM upayogamAM AvatI. ghauM DAgara karatAM aradhA thatA hatA. khetIne majurone 29 buzela dANe

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168 prakaraNa 4 thuM. ane lagabhaga 7 rUpIA varSe dahADe majurInA maLatA hatA. majuromAM rojIda reja purUSone savAbe AnA, ane strIone deDha Ano hato. . TIpusulatAnanAM yudhdhanA samayamAM ane tenA niraMkuza rAjya amala daramiyAna kalAra ane zilAguttane bahu nukazAna pahoMcyuM hatuM, paNa te have dhIme dhIme AbAdImAM AvatAM hatAM. tarehatarehavAra sutarAu kApaDa e sahuthI agatyanI pedAza hatI. pazcima tarapha jatAM Do. bukanana nandIdurga pahocyA. A prasiddha zaheranI najIkamAMthI uttara pannAra, palAra ane dakSiNa pannAra nAmanI nadIo nIkaLe che. DuMgarAonI pelI pAsano mulaka ujajaDa che. prathama karatAM trIjo bhAga paDatara che. lorDa kornalisanI caDAI pachI gAmaDAo bhAMgI gayAM che. leka kahetAM ke amArA upara pAMca judI judI Aphato AvI hatI. anAvRSTi, traNa pasainya (duzmananAM lazkaro ) ane (eka mahaisuranuM) svasainya. tA. 18 mI julAIe DA. bukanana balapura AvyA. soLamAM saikAmAM vijayanagaranuM rAjya jyAre bhAgyuM tyAre A, nArAyaNa svAminAmanA pALegAranA hAthamAM eka svataMtra rAjya thayuM hatuM. paNa pAchaLathI te mogala, marAThA, nijhAma ane haidaraallInA hAthamAM paDayuM hatuM, ane Akhare haisuranA punaHsthApita vaMzanA hAthamAM AvyuM. te rAjya chIMTa ane majhalIna AyAta karatuM ane khAMDa nIkAsa karatuM hatuM. pazcima tarapha AgaLa jatAM madhugiri Ave che. tyAM paNa vijayanagaranA rAjyanA paDI bhAgyA pachI eka svataMtra pALegAra rAjya karato hato. te pAchaLathI haisuranA hAthamAM paDayuM hatuM. haidaraalIe TekarIo uparanA kIllAo samarAvyA hatA; ane ekaso vaNakarene vasAvyA hatA. Tipu sulatAnanA amalamAM e zahera paDatImAM AvyuM hatuM, ane lorDa kornavolisanAM haisUra ane marAThAnAM yudhdhothI tenI pAyamAlI thaI gaI hatI. jyAre DA. bukanana ahIM AvyA tyAre tyAM DAgara, rAgI, zelaDI, ghauM, kapAsa, kaThoLa, ane tala-tathA tarehatarehanAM zAkabhAjI thatAM

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 169 hatAM. rAgIne lAyaka AkAzIA jamIna rU. 0-9-0 thI rU. 1-11-0 sudhI sAMtha ApatI hatI. kheDutaneA peAtAnI jamIna upara haka hatA, ane varSo vItI gayA pachI paNa te jamInane kabajo lai zakatA hatA. daramiyAnamAM jo Aga tuka kheDute ka Mi sudhArA karyA hAya teA mULa kheDutane tenAM nANAM ApavAM paDatAM. majurI, mANusa mahInAnA rU. 2-0-0 raLatA ane strIne 1-11-0 maLatI A dezamAM vakhate vakhata anAvRSTine lIdhe taMgI paDatI paNa mANasamarakI thAya tevA dukALA bhAgye paDatA hatA. paNa jyAre taMgInI sAthe laDAi Ave ane dANAneA vyavahAra (vaNujhAra) baMdha thAya tyAre duSkALanAM sarva saMkA utpanna thAya. lArDa kArnavAlisanI caDAienA samayamAM AvelAM AvAM saMkaSTA devaLa aSTapUrva hatAM. te vakhate dezanA upara cAre taraphathI duzmaneAnA gherA hatA, ane dezanI aMdara duzmanenAM lazkareA temaja teTalAMja vinAzakAraka peAtAnAM lazkarA pesI gayalAM hatAM tyAre kevaLa durbhikSane lIdhe aradhearadha mANasane brANu nIkaLI gayA hatA. tA. 31 mI julAie DA. bukanana sIra paheAcyA. meAgalAnA vakhatamAM A zehera meTuM ane AbAda hatuM. temAM pacAsa hajAra dhara hatAM ane aDhIlAkha mANasanI vastI hatI. pachI te haidaranA hAthamAM gayuM ane marAThAnI caDhAiethI ane TIpunA julamathI pAyamAla thaI gayuM. tyAM DAMgera-rAgI ghauM, zelaDI kaThoLa, kapAsa vigere thatAM hatAM. sarakAranI sAMtha kAivAra nANAMmAM ane kAi vAra vajethI apAtI. tyAM seApArI, marI, sukhaDa ane tejAnA AyAta thatA hatA, ane kAMbaLI, kApaDa, tela, dhI, Adu ane nALIera bahAra mekalAtAM hatAM. jhINApAtavALI paNa sAvinAnI majhalIna ane jADAM kApa hatI keTalIka tareha; e mukhya pedAza hatI. tyAMthI pAchA madhugiri jai DA, brukanane tyAMnA prasiddha DhArA saMbaMdhI keTalIka tapAsa karI. tyAM teNe joyu ke dareka zaheramAM ane dareka gAmamAM DhAra ucheravAne mATe khAMDAM che. mAvALa lAphA ja galanA nAkA upara rahe, thoDIka jamIna

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170 prakaraNa 4 zuM. kheDe ane DhAranAM dUdha vagere zeheramAM vece. dareka kuTuMba verAnA rU. 2] Ape. gira ane tenI paDozanA mulakamAM lahu gaLAtuM ane gajavela banatI. tyAMthI dakSiNa tarapha jatAM taLanA karAImAM DA. bukAnanane khetI ThIka jaNAi paNa tuMmakusamAM te jamIna ujaDa hatI. ane gAme kIllAbaMdha hatAM. ahIMAM rAgI puSkaLa thatI, tema DAMgeranA kayArA paNa ghaNA hatA. tyAMthI dakSiNa gukhIkAMika ThIka zahera hatu tyAM 154 dukAneA hatI ane AThe dahADe bajAra bharAtuM. jADuM sapheda ane raMgIna sutarAu kApaDa, kAmaLI, guNapATa, seApArI, nALIera, AmalI, dANAH lAkha, leDhu ane gajavela tamAma cIje AsapAsanA mulakamAMthI ahIM vecAvA sArU AvatI. _1 DeArAguDAmAM leDhAnI khANeA hatI. tavInAkarAya paNa kaMi agatyanu zahera hatu. tene eka bahAra ane eka a Mdara e kIllA hatA, ane kIllA bahAra sAtase dharanuM parU hatuM. prathama te te pALegAranA moTA kuTuMbanA hAthamAM hatuM. jemAMnA mAtra eke cAra meTAM madirA ane jamIna pAvA mATe cAra meTAM jaLAzayo bAMdhyAM hatAM. AsapAsanA mulakamAM prathama kaTake kaTake khetI thatI hatI, paNa parazurAmabhAunI saradArI vace marAThAonI caDAi thai temAM te pAyamAla thai gayu hatuM. tyAMthI dakSiNe bhelusa che. jyAM DAMgaranA baranI sudara jamIna che ane moTuM taLAva che. elusa ane zrIra'gapaTTaNa vacce cALIsa mAilane mulaka 1792 nI kaoNrnavAlisanI laDAithI ujjaDa thai gayA hatA. ane TipusulatAne lokone medAnanA mulaka cheDI ja galamAM rahevAnI pharaja pADI hatI. tyAM te khIcArA jhuMpaDAMmAM rahetA ane jema tema karIne nirvAhna karatA. temAMnA keTalAka to bhukhamarAthI maraNa pAmyA hatA. ane jyAre bukanane enI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre aradhI vasati paNa bharAi na hatI. melusanI najIkamAM nAga magaLanA mulaka hato. tyAM gAmaDAnA mukhI kaika peAtAnI jamIne sAMthe Ape che, bAkI leAkeA pAsethI udharAve che. leAkeAne jamInanI mAlikI hoya che, ane jyAM sudhI jUnAM dhAraNa pramANe sAMtha ApyuM

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 171 jAya tyAM sudhI teone kahADI zakAtA nathI. DAMgaranI jamInamAMthI je bhAga levAya che ane AkAzIA jamInanI sAthe nANAmAM apAya che. zrIraMgapaTTaNanI dakSiNe Azare paMdara mAIla upara melaDaTe che. te eka uMcI TekarI upara suMdara jagAe bAMdheluM che. tyAMthI kAverInI khINane ane masuranI dakSiNamAM mahesuranA DuMgarAonA pazcima ghATano ane pUrvamAM savanagaMgA ane zivagaMgAne ramaNIya dekhAve najare paDe che. tyAM eka vizALa suprasiddha hiMdu maMdira che. tenI AsapAsa staMbhanI racanA che, ane vacamAMnA moTA taLAvanI AsapAsa yAtrALuone mATe meTAM makAna bAMdhavAmAM AvelAM che. ema kahevAya che ke A maMdiranA dAgInA kheMcI levAmAM Tipu sulatAnane paNa bhaya lAgyo hato. pachI te zrIraMgapaTTaNanI trIjorImAM rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA, ane aMte briTiza senAe jyAre te rAjadhAnInuM zahera kabaje karyuM tyAre te dAgInA bacAvyA hatA. malAyakoTAnI dakSiNe Tonara che tyAM DA. bukanane yAdavanidhi nAmanuM moTuM sarovara joyu, je agIAramA saikAmAM prasiddha sudhAraka rAmAnujAcArya baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema kahevAya che. "be meTI TekarIo vacce be pahADI dhodha vaLatA hatA; TekarIo vaccenA A mArgane rAmAnuje 78 kayubiTa uMcI, 150 kayubiTa lAMbI, ane pAyAmAM 250 kayubiTa pahoLI eka dIvAlathI bAMdhI lIdho. vadhArAnuM pANI ghaNI mahenate kahADelI eka seramAMthI vahI jAya cheane te eTalI lAMbI che ke tenAthI traNa cAra mAIla dUra sudhI AsapAsanA khetare pANI pIve che. A sarovara jyAre pUruM bharAya tyAre kheDutone be varasa sudhI cAle eTaluM pANI temAM thAya che." tA. 1 lI sapTembare DA. bukAnana zrIraMgapaTTaNa pAcho Avyo. dakSiNa mahesUra, DA. bukAnane zrIraMgapaTTaNa tA. 5 mI sapTembare cheDayuM ane tyAMthI dakSiNa mahesUra tarapha cAlyo. pahelAM te pAlahulI AgaLa te gaye. tAjI laDAI

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- 17ra prakaraNa 4 thuM. thI tadana nAza pAmyuM hatuM paNa tyAM teNe kAverI nadImAMthI kahADelI be hero joi, je mahesura aSTagrAmanA AkhA jIlAne pANI pAtI hatI. AmAMnI ekamAM eka jIvato jhare hato je kadI sukAto nahIM ane tethI karIne sukI mosamamAM paNa kheDuto DAMgarano pAka karI zaktA hatA. - kAverInI eka zAkhA lakSmaNatIrtha nAmanI nadI nandI dUrganA DuMgaromAMthI nIkaLe che. A nadImAMthI cha nahero kahADavAmAM AvI che. ne badhI jamIna pAya che. A heronA baMdha bahu suMdara bAMdhaNInA che ane enA uparathI paDatA dhodhano dekhAva bahu ramaNIya thAya che. A herothI pahelAM Azare 18000 ekara jamIna pANI pItI. A mulakamAM vaMzaparaMparAnA gADa-athavA gAmanA mukhIo nathI. ane upaja ijAradAro vasula kare che. teo pUrvanA mahaisuranA rAjAoe TharAvelA vahIvaTathI vadhAre, kheDuta pAsethI laI zake nahi. haidaraallIe harakAra eTale jamInanI mehesulanA tajavIjadAro nImyA hatA temanuM kAma ijAradArone aMkuzamAM rAkhavAnuM ane lokanI phariyAdo sAMbhaLavAnuM hatuM. TIpusulatAne hakArA kahADI nAkhyA tenI asara e thaI ke lokenA upara julama thayA, ane rAjyanI upajamAM dagA thayA. AgaLa, pazcima taraphano mulaka badhe ujajaDa thayo hato; 1761 mAM bAjIrAva ane tenA marAThA saradArothI ane rahyuM sahyuM 1792 mAM kaoNrnalisanI caDAIthI. priyapaTTana eka moTuM zahera hatuM ane nadIrAja nAmanA eka pALegAranA hAthamAM hatuM. A pALegAranA kuTuMba pAse uttaramAM kAverIthI ane pazcimamAM kUrganI sarahada sudhIno mulaka hatA, ane teo kUrganA rAjAne ekalAkha rUpiyAnI vArSika pezakazI ApatA. ema kahevAya che ke A kuTuMba banA eka pALegAre 1640 mAM mahaisuranI hAme bahAdurIthI potAnI jAgIranuM rakSaNa karyuM hatuM. ane jyAre ema mAluma paDyuM ke have bacI zakAze nahIM tyAre pitAnAM bairAM chokarAne mArI nAMkhyAM ane pachI talavAra sAthe zatruonI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa, 177 vacamAM paDaze ane mAryo gayo. te pachI priyapaTTana kUrma ane mahesUra vaccenI sarahadanI laDAIonuM sthaLa thaI paDyuM. TipusulatAne kurga jItyuM tyAre tene nukazAna pahocyuM hatuM, ane briTiza sAthenA TIpunA yuddhamAM pAyamAla thaI gayuM hatuM. DA. bukanana kahe che ke "te zaheranA khaMDeromAM vAghono vAsa thayo che; ane mane vAghanA vasavATavALA te zaheranAM maMdironI mulAkAta levI durasta lAgI nahi." priyapaTTananI AsapAsanI pIta jamIna sarovaramAMthI pIe che. paNa A mulakanA dakSiNa bhAgane lamaNutIrthanI naheramAMthI pANI maLe che. temAM DAMgara, zelaDI, rAgI, caNuM kaThoLa, tala vagere mola upaje che. khetInA majurane varSa divasanA 1 pAuMDa (10) rUpiyAthI 13 rUpiyA sudhI pagAra ane eka TaMka jamavAnuM maLe che. ane strIone varSa divasanA traNa rUpIyA ane be vAranuM maLe che besAMtIvALA mANasa pAse ghaNe bhAge cALIsa baLada, pacAsa gAya, cha sAta bheMza ane soeka gheTAM bakarAM hoya che. pIta molanI upaja gAmanA kara apAI rahe te pachI rAjya ane leka vacce sarakhe bhAge veMcAya che. laDAI pahelAM tADanA bagIcA puSkaLa hatA ane caro paNa sAro hato. jaMgalanA kAMThA upara sukhaDanAM jhADe thatAM. - priyapaTTaNathI naiRtyamAM nagoDu AgaLa DA. bukanane lakSmaNatIrthane eka baMdha joye. tenuM varNana ApatAM lakhe che ke nadInI vacamAM paDelA DuMgarAono lAbha levAmAM Avyo che. jyAM uMcAinI khAmI che tyAM patharAthI pUrI daI sarakhuM karavAmAM AvyuM che. te atyAre eka suMdara baMdha jevuM thaI rahyuM che. te uparathI so vAra lAMbo ane cAra phITa uMce eka dhedha paDe che. te ArapAsa lIlotarI ane jhADIvALo mulaka hevAthI bahu ramaNIya dekhAya che. A baMdhane lIdhe pANInuM veNa pUrva taraphanuM thayuM che, AnAthI Azare ra678 ekara jamIna pAchuM pIe che.

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174 prakaraNa 4 thuM. ~ ~ ~ hanagoDuthI agni koNamAM hegaDadevanuM junuM rAjya AveluM che. ema kahevAya che ke paMdaramA saikAmAM A rAjAe A mulaka vasAvyo hato. cheka haidaraalInA vakhata sudhI A gAmamAM Azare hajAra ghara hatAM paNa jyAre bukanane mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre mAtra eMzI hatAM. A mulaka sukhaDanAM lAkaDAM mATe prakhyAta che. tenAthI AgaLa pUrva tarapha moTA beTa nAmane chelle leDhAnI khANe mATe prakhyAta che. tA. 1 lI akabare DA. bukanana kAverInI eka zAkhA kApinI nadI upara AvelA taipha AgaLa pahocyA. A mulakamAM keTalAMka gAmaDAMomAM gaDa ke vaMzaparaMparAnA hatA. leka temaja sarakAra jAradAra karatAM A lokone vadhAre pasaMda karatA. vaMzaparaMparAnA geDe khethI vadhAre vAkepha che. temane kheDuta prItithI mAne che ane sAhukAro sAthe temanI AMTa ijAradAra karatAM vadhAre che. je vakhatasara sarakArahaka na bharAya to gAmane sarakArI kAmadAra kendra upara japtI kare; sarakAra hakane je mola Avyo hoya te vecI nANuM karavAnuM kAma tenuM. taipha ane narasiMgapura benI AsapAsa sAiMdarya manahara che. dareka khetaranI AsapAsa sArI vADa nAMkhavAmAM AvelI che, khetI paNa sArI che, jamIna badhI uMcI che. DAMgaranI khetI nathI. narasIMgapura kAverI upara AveluM che, temAM be maMdiro ane Azare baseM ghara che. tenI najIkamAM umadA kALI jamIna che jemAM kapAsa puSkaLa thAya che. ghaUM ane vaLuM paNa teTalAja thAya che ane rAtI jamInamAM rAgone pAka utare che. kaImaTura. okTobaranI zarUAtamAM DA. bukanane mahesura cheDyuM ane kaImaTura jatAM briTiza hadamAMthI pasAra thayA. keligalA jIllAmAM khetI sArI hatI. sumAre cALIsathI pacAsa moTAM taLAvo hatAM. je eMzI varSa upara mahesuranA

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 175 rAjyakartAoe samarAvelAM hatAM. ane te mulaka kampanInA hAthamAM AvyA pachI kampanInA nekaroe paNa kaMIka samArakAma tenA upara karAvyuM hatuM. samarAvyA vinA paDI gayelAM taLAvanI jamInamAM thaIne cAlatAM DA. bukananane tamAma jamIna paDatara mAluma paDI; A mulakamAM jaLAzaya upara khetIne ATalo badho AdhAra hato. dezAdhyakSa mejara mekalAuDe-gauDenI sattA nAbuda karI hatI. ane temane mAtra pagAra mukarara karI sarakAra taraphathI ugharAtadAra tarIke rAkhyA hatA. A rItathI bezaka jamInanI mahesulamAM vadhAro thaye, paNa tethI hiMdanI junI grAmasaMsthA nabaLI paDI. gaMganacekIno bhavya dhodha ane zIvanasamudrana TApu-e bene joIne . bukananane vismaya the. birA cokIne dakSiNane dhodha ene vadhAre rama NIya lAgyo. tyAM tene kahevAmAM AveluM ke zivasamudranuM rAjya Azare 1200 nI sAlamAM sthApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM paNa tene pitAne 1pa3nI sAla vadhAre zakaya lAgI hatI. AsapAsanI sattAonA saMyukta AbhighAtathI traNa peDhI pachI te rAjya paDI bhAgyuM hatuM. kolagelA ane sAtagelAnA mulake ahIMthI pazcimamAM AvyA. tyAM pUrva ghATanA DuMgarAo UcANa sapATIthI 2000 phuTa UMcA hatA. pAlIA sudhInA mulakanI khetI sArI hatI. paNa tenI pelI pAsa aradha karatAM vadhAre jamIna paDatara hatI, ane taLAve nAza pAmyAM hatAM. pUrva tarapha AgaLa jatAM DA. bukanane mathulI AgaLa ghATamAM praveza karyo ane parvatamAM ne parvatamAM kAverI nadImAM AvelA kAverIpura sudhI pahoMcyA. ahIMA AgaLa parvatanA mArganuM rakSaNa karavA pALegAre eka kIle bAMdhyo hato. - kAverIpura AgaLa eka prAcIna jaLAzaya hatuM. tenAthI 2500 ekara jamIna pANI pItI. pacAsa varSa upara te taLAva phuTI gayuM hatuM ane pachIthI tene koIe samajAvyuM nahatuM. kAverIpura AgaLathI upalA ane nIcalA mulaka vacce ghaNo vepAra cAlato, ane DA. bukananane hamezAM cALIsathI

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176 prakaraNa 4 thuM. pacAsa peThe rastAmAM maLatI hatI. kAverInI eka zAkhA tumbulane kAMThe kAMThe pAMca prAcIna sarovare hatAM te pacAsa varSa upara phuTayAM hatAM paNa koIe samarAvyAM nahotAM. upara kahyuM che te pramANe gaDa-lokone navA rAjyamAMthI bAtala karyA hatA. ane mejara mekalAuDanA vahivaTamAM A dezamAMthI 10293 pAuMDa ane 16545 pAuMDa vacce vArSika upaja AvatI; je, pagAradAra tahasIladAronI mAraphata ugharAvAtI. A tahasIladAranA hAthamAM mahesulI-phojadArI nyAyA dhIzanI ane polisanI sattA hatI. khetInA majurane ra thI 3 rUpIyA varSe dahADe pagAra, rahevAne ghara ane mahIne 1buzela (?) dANo maLatA. temanI strIo je kAma karI zake tevI hoya temane dADI maLatI. ghATa uparanI khetInI sAmagrI karatAM ahIMnI sAmagrI vadhAre daridra hatI. 19 mI akabare DA. bukanana bhavAnI nadI upara naLarAyana sudhI Avyo. rastAmAM je mulaka je tene piNe bhAga paDatara hato. bhavAnInI vacce bAMdhavAmAM AvelA ekabaMdhe nadInuM veNu be bhAgamAM vahecAI gayuM hatuM. A naheromAMthI pItI jamIna varSa divasamAM eka pAkato avazya ApatI. bIjI thoDI jamIna je taLAvamAMthI pANI pItI hatI temAMthI be pAka paNa maLatA paNa tyAM pANIne Aga anizcita hato. kampanInA rAjyamAM upaja game te thAya paNa kheDUtone pUrepUro kara Apavo paDato. A temane bhAre paDatuM ane pUrva pramANe karavAnI temanI IcchA hatI. - annAmodAvarI AgaLa bhavAnI nadImAMthI kADhelI heremAMthI pANI pAIne DAMgarano pAka levAmAM Ave che. ahIMne baMdha ekaso vIsa varSa upara najayarAje baMdhAvela che. jyAM pANI pahocatAM nathI. tyAMnI jamInane cho bhAMga paNa kheDavANa nathI. jamIna sArI che paNa janarala meDojhanI caDAI pachI khetI baMdha thaI che; kAraNa ke vasati badhI DuMgarAomAM bharAI gaI ane tyAM ghaNe bhAge maraNa pAmI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 177 salemane kaMpanIne vepArI ADatIyAe De. bukanananA AvatA pahelAM thoDA mAsa upara A mulakanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI; ane kampanInI kharIdIne mAla pedA karavA vaNakarone nANuM dhIryA hatAM. temane baMgALAnA bAstAne maLatuM sAkAra nAmanuM kapaDuM vaNavAnuM soMpyuM hatuM. te 36 yuniTa lAMbu ane 2 yubiTa pahoLuM thatuM dakSiNa tarapha hoLI khetIvALA mulakamAM musApharI karatAM karatAM DA. bu. kanana tA. 28 mI akaTobare kAITura pahae. tyAre rAjA te rAjyanA mULapurUvathI trIsamI peDhIe hata. AraMbhamAM te kuTuMba madurAnA rAjAne khaMDaNI ApatuM paNa pAchaLathI mahesuranI dhurA nIce AvyuM. mahaisuranA yuddhomAM A jagAne ghaNuM nukazAna pahoMcyuM hatuM; paNa hAlamAM te pAchuM ThekANe AvatuM hatuM ane A vakhate 2000 ghara temAM hatAM. paDozamAM DAMgaranI jamIna ghaNI hatI, jene noyala nadImAMthI kahADelI heromAMthI pANI pAvAmAM AvatuM hatuM. A jamIna upara rAgI ane evA bIjA maulo levAtA hatA. keTaleka ThekANe kapAsa ane taMbAku thatAM; ane zrImaMta kheDuto sopArI ane nALIeranI vADIo karatA. koI TurathI pAMca mAIla upara Topana beTa AgaLa laDhe gALatA hatA. A jIllAmAM 459 sALo kAma karatI. halakI komonI strIo moTI kAMtanArI hatI. sutara upara lAla athavA AsamAnI raMge jarUra pramANe caDAvAtA. kaITuranA vaNakarone salemanA ADatIAe bevAra nANAM dhIryA hatAM. vaNakara pahelAM dareka sAla upara 4 zIlIMga eTale be rUpiyAno vero ApatA. kampanInA rAjyamAM A kara kahADI nAMkhI "TAMpa " vere nAMkhyo hato. vaNakarone A vadhAre samra lAge hato. ane dezAdhyakSane mULano veLo cAlu rAkhI A navo vero baMdha karavA araja karI hatI paNa temAM teo phAvyA nahatA. kAiTuranI pUrve tripura-eka khulluM zahera che. temAM 300 ghara che ane aThavADIe AThavADIe bajAra bharAya che. paDozanI DAMgaranI kayArImAM varSadahADe 10

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178 prakaraNa 4 thuM. ekaja maMla levAya che. ane kaMIka taLAmAMthI ane kaMIka nayala nadInI naheromAMthI pANI pavAya che. samAravAnI khAmIne lIdhe pahelAMnI jamInanA trIjA bhAga karatAM vadhAre atyAre paDatara che. nabaLAmAM nabaLI jamIna cArAne mATe rAkhavAmAM AvI che ane tenA upara juja sAtha levAya che. tenI pUrve cInAmAlI AgaLa letuM gaNAya che. gALelA leDhAne trIsame bhAga sarakAra hakane apAya che ane bhaTTI mATe lAkaDAM jaMgalamAMthI kapAya tene vero de. cInAmAlImAM mAtra 125 ghara che. DA. bukanane gayA tyAre tyAM zitaLAno rAga cAlato hato. A jIllAmAM kApalI nadImAMthI pANI pAvAmAM AvatuM paNa DAMgarane pAka utarato nahate. cInAmAlInI uttare pare3mAM 118 ghara che. te jIllAmAM 800 sAle hatI. kAverInA kAMThA upara iraDu che temAM haidaalInA vakhatamAM traNa hajAra ghara hatAM, paNa TIpu sulatAnanA vakhatamAM te zahera paDatImAM AvyuM hatuM. janarala meDejhanI caDAimAM te zahera pAyamAla thaI gayuM hatuM, paNa salAha thayA pachI pAchuM ThekANe AvatuM hatuM. ireDa pAsethI nIkaLatI heranuM kAma bahu umadA che. te 400 varasa upara kaliMgarAya nAmanA koIke bAMdhela che ema kahevAya che. hajI te vaDe 34pa0 ekara pANI pIve che. - kAverIne kAMThe kAMThe AgaLa jatAM keDamuMDI nAmanuM gAma Ave che. temAM eka prAcIna maMdira che ane 118 ghara che. kAverImAMthI eka hera kahADIyala nadI uparathI pAgalora gAma sudhI lai javAmAM AvI che ane temAMthI ghaNI jamIna pANI pIe che. tyAM agADI TIpu sulatAne upajanA sAMtha mukarara karI hatI. paNa 1799 nI sAla mATe briTiza sarakAre tene eka ekane 3 thI pa pa. nakkI karyA hatA. 1800nI sAlane mATe bukanana gayA tyAM sudhI kaMI nakkI karyuM nahotuM. koImpharanA uttarabhAganA dezAdhyakSa mejara mekalAuDe DA. bukananane

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, 178 kahyuM hatuM ke " ahIM evA rIvAja che ke jyAM sudhI kheDu sAMtha Ape jAya tyAM sudhI tene kahADI zakAya nahi. dezAdhyakSanI samajaNa evI hatI ke briTiza sarakAra vaje bhAga levAnA zarU kare paNa temAM atizaya mAla ucApata thaI jAya. jyAre kampanInA hAthamAM salemaneA mulaka AvyA tyAre DAMgaranI kyArI jene kAverInI herAmAMthI pANI paheAMcatu, temAMthI vajebhAga levAteA hateA. lokeA barADatA rahyA ane kampanInA nAkarAe vajebhAgane badale rokaDa huka harAvI dIdhA, ane khetIne vistAra vadhArI rokaDa upaja dhaNI vadhArI dIdhI. jamInadArI karatAM raiyatavArI pasaMda karavAnuM kAraNa eTalu` hatu` ke tethI upaja vadhAre AvatI. karnalarIDanA dhArA evA che ke vakhatasara jamInadArA pAsethI je lai zakAya tenA karatAM vadhArenI rekaDa rakamanI udharAta jarUra thaI jAya. ane jo temAM cUka rahe teA mate te khAtrI che ke kAMte kAinI gaphalata thavI joie athavA dezAdhyakSe apramANika heAvA joe. jamInadAranA sa dhamAM mArU ema mAnavu che ke khetInA sudhArAnA mATe te upayogI che. "" karUpha eka ThIka zahera che. te kAverInI eka zAkhA amarAvatI nadI upara Avelu che. eka hunnara dhara che. tyAMnA vepArIe mAtra haTANuM karanArA che ane vaNakaranI saMkhyA paNa maTI nathI, kacerImAMthI kADhelI e herA ane amarAvatInI ghaNI hairA A dezamAM pANI pahoMcADe che. zelaDI DAMgara ane Agatara mAla nIpaje che. 17 mI navembare DA. brukanana dharmapUra paheAMcyA. A kAiTuranA dakSiNa vibhAganA dezAdhyakSa pI. harpIsanu mukhya sthaLa che. dezAdhyakSa caMcaLa, buddhimAna ane sArI niSThAvALA eka juvAna amaladAra che, te leAkA sAthe haLe maLe che, temanI nAtAnAM kajI patAve che, ane temane sArI rIte jANe che. mI. harpIsa dhAre che ke hamaNAMnI sAMtha bahu vadhAre paDatI bhAre che. ane ahIMAM temaja hiMdustAnamAM badhe ThekANe kheDu lekA atyaMta garIba che.

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180 prakaraNa 4 thuM. * hiMdustAnamAMnA ghaNA bhAgomAM kheDunI garIbAInuM ane tethI karIne meMlanI nabaLAInuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke jemanI pAse khetInAM sAdhana na hoya temane paNa parANe jamIna ApavAmAM Ave che. badhI jamIna dekhAvamAM kheDavANa hoya che paNa te aDadhA karatAM vadhAre bhAgamAM to evI hoya che ke tevI kheDavANa karatAM paDatara hoya te vadhAre sArUM. kampanInI icchA badhI jamInamAMthI kheDAya na kheDAya to paNa pedAza levAnI hatI. rokaDa haka asAdhAraNa bhAre hatA. pAnanI jamInanA eka ekara upara pAuMDa 3-16-9 (38 rUpiyA) rokaDa hakanA TharAvelA; kayArInI jamIna upara 1-15-93 (18 rUpiyA) thI te pAuMDa 1-52 (rU. 13) sudhI TharAvelA hatA. pazcima tarapha AgaLa cAlatAM DA. bukanana 24 mI navembare palAcI pahoMcyA. ahIM eka ThekANe khodatAM eka vAsaNamAM romana sikkA nIkaLI AvyA. A uparathI A pAMDavavaMzanA rAjAonA mulakane ogasTasa ane TAIbIryanA vakhatamAM roma sAthe vepAra hatuM ema samajI zakAya che. A jIllAmAM nabaLAmAM nabaLI jamIna baicara mATe rAkhavAmAM AvelI che. tenA upara kAMIpaNa haka levAto nathI. bAkInI badhI kheDavANa gaNAya che ane te tamAma jamIna upara 2 zI. 13 pensa thI te 7 zI. 3 pensano AkAra besADavAmAM Avyo che. "kheDu loka pharyAda kare che ke jamIna temane parANe ApavAmAM AvI che, ane temanAM sAdhana uparAMta khetI karavAnI temane pharaja pADavAmAM Ave che. je mANasa 17 balAM (4 thI 6 ekaranuM eka balluM thAya che ) jamIna sAthe che te nava ballAMja kheDavAnI zakita dharAvato hoya che. enI pAse puratAM sAdhana hoya to paNa trIjo bhAga te paDatara rAkhavAno ja vahivaTa che to paNa keTalAka bhAgamAM AkAra kamI karyA che. ane e rIte jamIna kheDI na zakAya tene lIdhe je sAtha bharavI paDe tenI nukasAnIno kaMIka badalo apAya che, AvI rItanI jamIna sAMthavAnI rIta eka moTuM dUSaNa che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa, rer malakhAra. tA. 29 mI navembare DA. bukanana malabAramAM dAkhala thayA. A prAMta gheADAja vakhata upara mubai sarakAra pAsethI madrAsa sarakArane sAMpAyA hatA. AyurepamAM jhAmeArIna nAmathI oLakhAyalA tapura rAjyane mulakadakSiNa taraphanA UMcA parvata uparathI UMcA jaLadhodhA paDatA hatA. ane bhavya jaMgalo ane phUlajhADAnI vADIe vacce vacce dANAnAM khetA hatAM. paNa AkAzane A jamInanI kAMi paNa darakAra nahatI. DAMgaranI jamIna jhAjhI na hatI. keAlangeDumAM 1000 dhara hatAM. tyAM vaNukarenI vasti hatI tee kArmDaramAMthI kapAsa magAvatA. pAlIghATaneA mulaka bahu suMdara hatA. baMgALanA sAthI ramaNIya bhAgane maLatA hatA paNa tyAM UMcANunI jamInamAM khetI thatI nahatI. tyAM AgaLa malabAra jItyA pachI haidaraahlIe phIllA bAMdhyA hatA. prAcIna rAjAenA vakhatamAM jamIna upara kAMi kara levAtA nahate. paNa haidaraalIe nIcANunI laTTupa jamIna upara nAgaDI nAmane kara nAMkhyA hatA. UMcANunI jamIna karamAMthI bAtala rAkhI hatI. TapusulatAnanA julame ghaNA jamInavALAe dakSiNamAM trAvaNukAra tarapha jatA rahyA hatA. pAlIghATamAM sarakAra haka bahu bhAre hate. upajanA lagabhaga sATha TakAthI paNa vadhAre. mi. snAnI gaNatrI pramANe jamInadArI upara mUla upajanA 84 TakA jeTale bhAre AkAra hatA. vArSika varasAda DAMgaranA eka pAka utAravA mATe puratA hatA, ane jamInadArAne kharace baMdhAyalAM ane samA rahetAM taLAvAthI bIjo pAka levAtA. ahIMnAM DhAra kadamAM bahu nAnAM ane dezane joie teTalI sa MkhyAmAM paNa nahIM. kAlangeADumAM leTu ghaDAtuM. : 6 ThThI Disembare DA. bukanana kocInanA rAjAnA mulakamAM dAkhala thayA. te isTainDi kampanIne khaMDaNI Apato paNa pAtAnA rAjyanI hadamAM vahIvaTI ane lazkarI hakumata tenA peAtAnA hAthamAM hatI. ene deza kampanInI vadhAre

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182 prakaraNa 4 thuM. sattA nIcenA deza karatAM e suvyavasthita che ke mopalA athavA nera leke kAMI tarehanuM tephAna karavAnI himmata dharatA nathI. kakaDu AgaLa TekarIo upara khetI nathI. paNa gaucara ThIka che. Dhera sArI sthitimAM che. khINamAM dANe ThIka thAya che; sImAo upara vasatinAM ghare AvI rahelAM che ane phUlajhADanAM kuMjonI chAyAthI chavAI rahelI che. najIkamAM eka krizciyana gAmaDuM che. tyAMnA pAdarIe DA. bukananane kaheluM ke ahIM krizcayAniTi dAkhala karanAra I. sa. 60 mAM madrAsanI mulAkAte AvelA senTa TaoNmasa che. malabAranA mepalA loko aDhAramA saikAnI vacamAM zrImaMta vepArIo hatA. teonAM vahANa surata ane madrAsa sudhI jatAM. khagone pradeza ramaNIya che. TekarAnA DhoLAva upara agAzIo jevuM karIne khetI kare che. paNa DuMgarAnAM zIkhara paDatara che. kheta jamInanA verAnI pharyAda kare che ane malabAramAM je kAMI duHkha paDe che tenuM kAraNa teja manAya che. tIrUvana ane parUpanAda vacce khetI bahu nabaLI hAlatamAM che. tenuM kAraNa tyAM vasati ghaNI kamatI che, ane jeTalI che te garIba che. parUpanAda A gaLanA darIA kinArA upara umadA nALIerInA bagIcA che. nAtAlane divase DA. bukanana malabAranI prAcIna rAjadhAnI kAlIkaTa pahoMcyA. ahIMAnA vepArI AratIA mi. Tarina ahIMA AgaLa lazkathanuM kArakhAnuM kADhavAno prayatna karatA hatA. 7ra kayubiTa lAMbA tAkA kaDhAvavA; ane kheDutone tene mATe tAkA dITha 18 zI. 6rU pensathI 16 zI. 4 pensa ApavA. A gAmamAM 344 vaNakara hatA. te trAvaNakora ane kocInathI AvelA hatA. teo 237 zALo upara kAma karatA ane mahinAnA 468 tAkA kADhatA. mi. DhaurIne eka kArakhAnuM pAlIghATamAM kahALyuM hatuM, je. AnA karatAM vadhAre sAruM ane sastuM hatuM.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 183 De. bukanane A pradezanI upaja ane sAthanA pramANano aMdAja kahaDo che te nIcenA koSTaka pramANe. nabaLA khetara mATe. pA. zi. 5. ) jamInano sarakAra che. 0-12-9 aMdAje kAmadArI bAbata. 0- 1-3 ziliMga. bI. 0- 9-43 sarakAra haka 0-14-0 khetInuM khaca. 0- 8-3 khetInuM kharca, 0-18-0 jamInadArane haka. 0- 1-11 jamInavALAonI vyAja. 0- 1-3 kheDutane rahe. 0- 7-8 0 0 cokhI pedAza, 0-10-0 0 - kula. 3-3-5 UMcA khetara mATe. 4. S. P. ) aMdAje sarakAra haka ane kAmadArI 0-16-10 pA. zi. pe. bI. 0- 9-4 sarakAra haka. 0-17-0 khetInuM kharaca. - 9-43 khetInuM kharaca. 0-1900 vyAja, jamInavALA enI) jamInadAra. 0- 8-64 khI upaja. 1-14-0 1- 5-6 1801 nI 1 jAnyuArIe DA. bukanane hamarAzarI pahocyA. ahIMnI badhI jamIna mepalAonA hAthamAM gIrohakathI AvI gaI hatI. TipusulatAnanA hiMduo uparanA julamathI ane mopalAonI laDAIothI kurbArAnI cothA bhAganI kayArI paDatara paDI hatI, ane upara jhADavAM ugI gayAM hatAM. keTalAka moTA kheDUtone daza sAMtI vIsa baLada vIsa strI purUSa gulAma dasa kare, 25 dudhaNI gAyo hatI. paNa AvA kheDUtanI saMkhyA ghaNI kheDuta. Joi)

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prakaraNa 4 yu. invers gheADI hatI. gulAmanI bhADAnI ki Mmata zi. 6 pensathI 28 thI 8 pensa AvatI ane strIonI tethI ardha ki mata. 14 dezAdhyakSa mi. kAvarDanA evA abhiprAya hatA ke A dezanI jamIna paikI ceAthe| bhAga kayArIne lAyaka che; ardho bhAga AkAsIA mAla athavA vADInA kharA che. ane bAkInA kharAkhe che. mi. kAvarDa dhAre che ke, verA eTalA bhAre che ke khetIne aTakAva kareche. tA. 5 mI jAnyuArIe mi. kAvarDanI rajA lai DA. bukanana kepTana sabaneMnI sAthe kuMtIpura gayA. ahIM eka rAjyanI rAjadhAnI che. te kampanIne khaMDaNI Apeche ane peAtAnA mulakamAM tene kula sattA che. ahIM jamIna uparanA kara pedAzanA 40 TakA che. jamInano mAlika 27 TakA leche. ane kheDutane 33 TakA maLeche. kaeNpTana sabarna sAthe hatA te paNa ApaNA pUjya musAne dezanI strIoe mAyALu AvakAra ApyA nahi. te phariyAdI kareche ke tera lokeA yurepayananA duzmana hAvAthI temaNe temanI strIone eTalu samajAvyuMche ke IMgrejo te eka prakAranA lAMbI puchaDI vALA hebgoblins che, ane strIe evA zvetAnI sAthe doDI jAya che. TelIcerI mahe ane dharmapaTTam mi. sTrecinA amala nIce hatAM. mi. sTreci eka juvAna ane bahu huzIyAra amaladAra hatA. mi. sTreci dhAratAke temanA vahIvaTanA badhA mulakamAM phUlanAM jhADAnA bagIcA thaI zake paNa ghaNA bhAga paDatara hato yArI upara sAMthanA 25 TakA jeTalA kara hatA. ahIM vepAra bahu agatyanA hatA ane marI sukhaDa elacInA vepAra ghaNA hatA. kanAnAra pahAcyA tyAre DA. bukanana malabAranA uttara vibhAganA dezA dhyakSa mi. hAnasananA mIjamAna thayA eka meApalA umarAvajAdI je khIkhI e nAmathI oLakhAtI ane jenA pUrvajoe Daca pAsethI kanAnera mULa kharIda karyuM hatuM, teNe DA. bukanane eka bhaLakAdAra mIjamAnI ApI hatI. bIbI sAheba kampanIne rAMthanA 14000 rUpIA ApatAM. ane kanAnera ane leDiva

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 185 TApuomAM ghaNuMkharA TApuonAM mAlIka hatAM. ahIMA neranA vahIvaTa pramANe vAraso strI vargamAM utare che. cerIkala pahADI mulaka che. khetI vinAne che. kanAnora ane cerIkala benAM maLI 10386 ghara che. jAnyuArInI adhavacamAM DA. bukanana malabAra choDI uttaramAM kanArA tarapha cAlyA. kAnaDA. upara jaNAvyuM che ke 1798 mAM Temasa mane bArAmahAlanI jamAbaMdI pUrI karyA pachI kAnaDAmAM mokalyA hatA. te vakhate kAnaDAne rAjA mAM hato paNa teno bhANeja ane vArasa banI sarabharAmAM hAjara rahyA, ane manAe sAvadhAnIthI temane kahI dIdhuM hatuM ke temanA haka kampanI sarakAra rUbarU raju thaze. daramIyAna tyAM tahasIladAro nImI dIdhA, rAjAnI sattA khuMcavI lIdhI, ane tenA nirvAha mATe tenI khAnagI mIlakata upara jamAbadInI kAMIka mAphI karI. A goThavaNamAM briTiza amaladAronI sanniSThA bAbatamAM nera lokonI pharyAda hatI. mane e TipusulatAnanA daphataranA 32000 ne badale 24000 no AMkaDo mukarara karyo, paNa AthI vadhAre A deza ApI zake ema hatuM ja nahIM ane A rakama paNa A jamInanuM AkhuM bhADuM ja hatI tahasIladAra trimularAva ArkaTa karatAM ahIMno AMkaDo bhAre dhArato. DA. bukanana mAMgaloramAM eka aThavADIuM rahyA. A zahera dariAkAMThe retIne kInAro mUkIne AvelA eka talAva upara vaseluM che. tyAM ekavAra te baMdara hatuM paNa baMdaranuM UMDANa ochuM thavA mAMDayuM hatuM ane bukanana gayA te vakhate daza phuTathI vadhAre aMdara jatAM vahANo bArAmAM AvI zakatAM nahatAM. meMgalorano killo TipusulatAne nAza karyo hato. maMdirane dharmAdA ApelI jamInomAMnI keTalIka TipusulatAne khAlasA karI hatI; paNa keTalIka chupI rahI hatI. Tomasama ane tenA uttarAdhikArI revanoe

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186 prakaraNa 4 thuM. hatuM temaja rAkhyuM. mukhya hiMdu maMdiranI vArSika upaja sumAre 2000 rUpIyAnI hatI. manane AMkaDe lokone bhAre lAgyo hato ane pharyAda thaI hatI. mAlIko kahe che ke "sarakAra haka jamInanI guMjAsa karatAM vadhAre che sarakAranA haka adA karavA mATe temane nANuM uchInAM levAM paDe che. athavA pitAnA mAlathI kheDelI jamInanA naphAnA kaMIka bhAgane bhoga Apavo paDe che. paraMtu hiMdustAnamAM dAridyanI buma sarvatra che tethI ane lAMbA kALanA julamathI kene vastu chupI rAkhavAnI Teva paDI gaI che tethI, kheDutanI kharI sthiti jANavI azakya che. paNa jamInane mATe kAnaDAmAM je ugra Agraha thAya che tethI ema samajAya che hajI lekane jamInamAM potAnA mAlathI je khetI thAya tenA naphA uparAMta puSkaLa phAyado che ane ATaluM aMtaHkaraNathI IcachavA jevuM che ke A sthiti lAMbA vakhata sudhI AbAda rahe; kAraNa ke jyAM tamAma mIlakata rAjyanA ja hAthamAM che te deza kadI paNa AbAda rahI zakaze nahi." kA. bukananane khabara nahatI ke jamIna upara AkAra vadhAre paDatuM hoya te paNa jamInane mATe te hiMdustAnamAM hamezAM Agraha rahevAnAja kAraNa ke AkhI prajAne jamIna e ekaja nirvAhanuM sAdhana che. game te sarate paNa kheDutanA hAthamAM jamIna rahevI joIe; nahiM to tene bhukhe maravAnuM. nIcANanI jamInomAM DAMgaranI khetI harothI thatI hatI, ane UMcA mAM jaLAzayonI yojanA hatI. ane atizaya UMcANamAM mAtra varasAda upara pAkane AdhAra raheto. zelaDInI khetI ghaNuM karIne khrIstI lokonA hAthamAM hatI; ane sopArI ane marInI vADIo hatI. malabAranA leka mIThuM pakavatA. paNa pAka joIe teTalo utarato nahIM. DAMgara, sopArI ane . marI nikAsanI mukhya cIja hatI. kapAsa, rezamI kApaDa khAMDa ane mIThuM AyAta karavAM paDatAM hatAM. meMgalorathI dasamAIla alA Ave che. tene phiraMgI-paTTaNa kahe che kAraNake tyAM pahelAM kokaNanA krizciyana lake rahetA hatA. A Akho mulAka

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 187 malabArane maLato che; DuMgarAonI bAjue khetIne mATe agAzIo pADelI che, paNa ahIM malabAra karatAM mahenata ochI levAya che. TipusulatAna ane durganA rAjAe tAjetaranI laDAImAM A mulakane ghaNuM nukasAna karyuM che. rastA upara TipusulatAne meMgalarathI zrIraMgapaTTaNa maMgAvelI ghaNI to pahelI joI. malA nadI ADe eka baMdha nAMkhele hato, jethI khetIne pANI pAvA mATe eka moTuM sarovara banyuM hatuM. tA. 5 mI phebruArIe DA. bukanana inurU AvyA tyAM temaNe ATha jaina maMdiro ane eka bhavya jaina mUrti dIThI. A mUrti eka paththaranI banelI hatI ane medAnamAM sthApelI hatI. haidaraalInA vakhatamAM jaina maMdironI nIce jeTalI jamIna hatI, temAM TipusulatAne ghaNo ghaTADe karyo hate; manoe, e pAchI soMpI dIdhI hatI; ane vaLI revajoe pAchI kheMcAvI lIdhI hatI. karakulA AgaLanI gautamarAjanI mUrti nakara paththaranI 30 phITa uMcI, hatI, ane tenA uparanA lekha pramANe bukanananI mulAkAta pahelAM 369 varSa upara eTale sane 1434 mAM banAvavAmAM AvI hatI. AgaLa pazcime haryaDIka Ave che. tyAM DA. bukanane 10 mI phebruArIe pahoMcyA. ahIM jamInanI mahesulanA pramANanA saMbaMdhamAM, teNe kaMIka tapAsa karI. te cokhI pedAzanI ardha hatI. paNa A loka kahe che ke jyAre DAMgara sastI hoya che tyAre AkhI pedAza AkAra jeTalI thatI nathI. vaLate divase udIpu-AgaLa arabI samudranAM darzana thayAM. ahIM caudamAM saikAmAM prasiddha thaI gayelA sudhAraka madhrAcAryanA nAmanuM puNya smaraNa hajI thatuM hatuM. ane teno paMtha ThIka cAlato hato. ahIM saMnyAsIonAM traNa maMdira ane 14 maTha hatA. udIpathI te darIA kAMThA sudhI DAMgaranI khetI. "AnI paDozanAM pAMca gAmanI AMkaNa uparathI mane mAlama paDe che ke 2048 pAgaDAnI kula kAcI upaja paikI 1295 pAgaDA kheDutanA hAthamAM rahe che. sarakArane bhAga kula upajane cotho bhAga sAdhAraNa rIte heya che."

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ree prakaraNa 4 yu. uttara tara' jatAM DA. bukanana kundapUra paheAMcyA ane nadI oLaMgI kAnaDAnA uttara vibhAgamAM dAkhala thayA. ahI A vakhata mi. rIDa amaladAra hatA; je mi. revanazeAvALI tarehanI keLavaNI pAmyA hatA. uttaramAM aidurU Ave che tyAM eka meTuM zivamadira che. pachI baTukula nAmanu zahera che. jemAM 500 dharanI vasati che. pachI uttara tarapha jatAM mAIla doDha mAilanA paTa vALA medAnamAM DAMgaranI khetI thAya che. mahAdezvaranu madira eka UMcA jIllAvALI TekarI upara AveluM che tyAMthI AgaLa the|De dUra kapAtadvIpa che jyAM kapAtanI vasati ghaNI che. tyAM paravALAM ghaNAM thAya che. tA. 21 mI phebruArIe DA. bukanana Anera pahoMcyA. A eka meTuM zahera che ane tyAM teja nAmanuM sarAvara che. pahelAM enAra eka moTuM zahera hatu, vepAranuM mathaka hatuM; ane haidaraakSIe ahI' yuddhanAM vahANeA banAvavA mATe eka gAdI banAvI hatI. enA bevakupha ane ApakhudI dIkarAe me galeranA taDu pachI te tene pAchuM maLyuM te pachI annarane nAza karyo ane yukanana AvyA tyAre zahera paNa pAyamAla thai gayuM hatu. vepArane mATe gAyethI machavA AvatA, ane vepArI sarovaranI Asa pAsa chuTA chuTA rahetA, ane DAMgara-marI, nALIera, sApArI ane macchI-nIkAsa mATe kharIdatA. dareka mANusa jeTalI jamIna tenI pAse hAya tene mATe bhara AkAra ApatA paNa TekarA ane jaMgala sarakArane svAdhIna hatAM. sAdhAraNa sthitinA kheDuteAnA hAthamAM cArathI cha haLa hatAM; paNa ghaNAne te ekathI vadhAre haLa nahotuM ane daridra hatA. kheDUtone jamIna cArathI daza varSane paTe maLatI teo jamInadAre ne sAMtha ApatA ane jamInadAro sarakArane AkAra bharatA. - DA. kSukanana lakhe che ke-jamInadAra upara jamInanA AkArane mATe jAmIna ApavAnI pharaja hatI. jo vakhatasara jAmIna rajI na thAya teA pAka upara dekha rekha rAkhavA mATe eka amaladAra mAphalAtA, te mAla vece; ane je upaje temAMthI AkAra kApI lai bAkInuM jamInadArane ApI de. ArIta bahuja

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika itihAsa. 189 kharAba che; te khare kharI hiMdustAnI zodha che. kAraNa ke dekharekha rAkhavA mokalela mANasane kheDu pAsethI bAbata maLatI, ane tevI rIte moTA mANasanI Asa pAsanA aneka cIMtharehAla mANumAMnA koI ekane bhukha chIpAvavAnuM thoDuMka sAdhana maLI AvatuM. paNa jayAre jAmIna Apyo hoya ane te nANuM ApI zake nahIM to mudata bAda traNa divasa vityA pachI te jamAnane nANAM bharI devAne hukama thAya ane jayAM sudhI nANAM bharI na de tyAM sudhI tene keda karavAmAM Ave. je jamIna upara AkAra vIsa pAgaDAno zreya tenI vecANa kiMmata 100 pAgoDA Ave ane 50 pADe gharANe mUkAya. bApanI mIlakata dIkarAo vacce sarakhe bhAge vahecAya che. paNa jeSTha bhAI tamAma vahIvaTa kare ane badhA ekaThA rahe. jyAre pitrAI bhAIo vacce vaheMcaNa thAya, tyAre jamIna ghaNe bhAge IjAre apAya ane rakama beMcI levAya. sArI jamInamAM dara ekare 20 thI 33 buzela DAMgara upaje che, ane nabaLI jamInamAM 6 thI 16 buzela. zelaDI, marI, sukhaDa, elacI, sopArI, ane nALIerane vepAra che. AranI uttare eka gokarNa nAmanI prasiddha jagA che. tyAM mahAbalezvara nAmanuM prakhyAta zivaliMga che. ema kahevAya che ke silenano rAjA rAvaNa A liMga uttaranA parvatomAMthI laI jato hato, teNe ahIM vizrAnti levA mATe A liMga ahIM mUkyuM ane pachI te uMcakAyuM nahi. A zaheramAM 500 ghara che, jemAMnA ardhamAM brAhmaNo rahe che. ahIM eka moTuM taLAva che. tenI AsapAsa maTha che. ane eka maMdiramAM zaMkaranArAyaNanI mUrti rAkhavAmAM AvI che. "DA. bukanana rAkhe che ke ziva ane viSaNuM ekaja paramezvaranAM be judAM judAM nAmo che te siddhAnta ghaNuM kALathI cAlyo Ave che teno A majabuta purAve che. " aMkelAnI vArSika upaja ra9000 pAgaDA onaranI 51000 ane kundapuranI 5000 pAgaDA hatI. sArI jamIna paikInI trIjA bhAganI jamIna paDatara hatI. aMkelAnuM bajAra ghaNIvAra luMTArAoe bALI nAMkheluM, paNa

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10 prakaraNa karyuM. briTiza rAjyanI nIce dhIme dhIme ThekANe AvatuM hatuM. TaeNAmasa manAne AkAra Tipu sulatAna karatAM dekhAvamAM halakA hatA, paNa udharAta vAstavika rIte vadhAre bhAre hatI. " mahesulAtI adhikArIe kahe che te pramANe mejara manrAe AkAra che. bahu karyo, paNa ugharAtamAM je kALajI ane sakhtAi rakhAtI teNe karIte, je mahesula vasula thatI te prathama koivAra vasula thaelI rakamanA karatAM ghaNI vadhAre hatI. " hiMdustAnanA dhaNA bhAgeAmAM Aja pramANe banyuM che. kampanInA nekarA keTalIka junI mahesulamAM keTalIka vAra vadhAre kare, keTalIkavAra ghaTADe kare, paNa temanI udharANI hiMdustAnamAM prathama kASTha divasa nahIM joyelI evI sapta hatI. uttara vibhAganA kundapura-enera ane anyuAlA-nA traNa jIllAonI jamInanA mATeA bhAga, kharAbAneA hate; mi. rIDe nIce pramANe tene adAja kahADayA che. kheDelI 0.32 36pura * 60 nAra 62 anyAlA 0 puSTa ATalI badhI jamIna paDatara chatAM mamtAnA vahIvaTanA pahelAja varSamAM prathama keAIvAra nahi AvelI eTalI upaja AvI hatI. mi. rIDa ema dhAre che ke kheDelI jamIna upara AkAra vadhArelA tethI ATalI upaja vadhI gaI haze paNa haiM|. bukanana lakhe che ke mane te kharUM lAgatu nathI. DAM. bukanana sUramAM thane tA. 6 ThThI julAie madrAsa pAchA AvyA. uparanA sAra je teAMdhamAMthI kahADayA che te eka bahuja kImatI neAMdha 026 kheDavANa .... 020 0.12 kharAme 0.20

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 191 che. temAMthI isTa inDiyA kampanInA amalamAM ApaNA dezanI Arthika sthiti A kALe kevI hatI tene kharo khyAla ApaNane maLe che. dareka ThekANe kampanInA rAjyanA AvAgamananI sAthe laDAIo ane tephAna baMdha paDe che; ane zAtinuM punaH sthApana thAya che. paNa tenI sAthe jamInano AkAra atizaya baMdhAya che, lekonI sthiti tadana daridra thAya che. mahaisuranA svadezI pradhAna purNa AnA vakhatamAM mahesuranA dezI rAjyanI sthiti hatI tenA karatAM paNa loka sthiti vadhAre kharAba hatI. prakaraNa 5 muM. uttara hiMdustAna, uttara hiMdustAnano mulaka atyAre je saMyukata prAtonA nAmathI oLakhAya che te aMgrejonA hAthamAM jude jude vakhate AveluM che. 1775 mAM ayo dhyAnA eka navAba marI gayA pachI tenA uttarAdhikArInI sAthe karelA saMdhi thI vorana hesTiMgsa banArasa ane tenI AsapAsano keTaloka mulaka meLavyo hato. alAhAbAda ane bIjA keTalAka prAto lairDa velIne dabANathI 1801 mAM navAbe Igrejane saMpyA hatA. AgrA ane gaMgA, jamanAnA pradeza 1803 mAM marAThA prAsethI lerDa leIke jItI lIdhA hatA. ayodhyAne bAkIno bhAga 1856 mAM leDa DehAusIe khAlasa karyo hato. korna volisa ane zAra banArasamAM paNa "acala jamAbaMdI' sthApavAne IMtejAra hatA. banArasanA rAjA sAthe A bAbatanA saMdezA 1787 thI 1794 sudhI cAlyA ane Akhare 1794 nA okaTobaranI 27 mI tArIkhe kelakarAra

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192 prakaraNa 5 mu. paNa thayA. tene anusAra peAtAnA khAnagI gAmeA upara jamInadArInA hakka svAdhIna rAkhIne banArasanA rAjAe peAtAnA rAjya uparanA tamAma hukA iMgre janA lAbhamAM cheDI dIdhA. A kAlakarAra sahI ziA thayA pachI te vakhatanA gavarnara janarala sarajonAre cheDI dIdhelA mulakanA gAma dhaNI sAthe jamA bandI mukarara karI, ane keTalIka jamIneA junA jAgIradAre jemanA hAthamAMthI rAjAnA rAjya daramIyAna jamIneA chUTI gai hatI temane pAchI seAMpI dIdhI. sarakAra ane kheDu vacce upajatI vheMcaNu je pramANamAM thatI temAM prAnta prAnte kIM sahejasAja pheraphAro chatAM te upara jamAbandItI rakamanA AMkaDA bAMdhavAmAM AvyeA. ane 1795 mAMAkhA banArasa prAntane mATe acaLa jamAnandI mukarara thai. baMgALA khIhAra ane erIsAnA kAyadA jarAtarA pheraphAra sAthe banArasane lAgu pADyA ane dIvAnI phAjadArI amala paNa teja rItaneA zarU thai gayA. 6 mi cha varSa pachI ayodhyAnA navAme alAhabAda ane bIjA prAntA isTa inDiyA kampanIne ravAdhIna karyAM. A prAntA hajI seAMpelA prAntA ' nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. je divase lerDa veslIe A prAntAnA keMlakarAra upara potAnI sahI karI teja divase teNe AnA rAjya vahIvaTane mATe eka zana nImyu. traNa sadagRhastheAnI eka sabhA banAvI ane potAnA bhAi henrI vessIne lephTenanTa gavarnara ane sabhApati banAvyeA. henrI veslIe jamInadAra ane ijAradAro joDe traNa varSa mATe jamAbandInA TharAveA karyA; ate tenA pahelA jamAndIne riporTa tA. 10 phebruArI 1803, ne * enI e vadhu paDatI jamAbandInI vAta ' nA purAvA Ape che. lakhe che ke:- huM barelI paheAMcyA te pahelAM dezAdhyakSAe jamAbandI nakkI karI hatI. ane navAba vajhIre je AMkaDA banAvyA hatA. teja AMkaDA TharAvyA hatA. ane huM jANatA hatA ke A geAThavaNa dezanI sthitinI bhUla bharelI gaNatrI upara karavAmAM AvI che, ane TharAvelI jamA vasula thavI muzkela che,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. tApaNuM dezAdhyakSAe tarataja karelI gAThavaNa rada karavAnuM mane durasta lAgyuM nahi; kAraNa ke mane dhAstI lAgI ke evI rIte tarataja vacamAM paDavAthI teonI sattA jene A vakhate Teko ApavAnI jarUra hatI te nabaLI paDI jaze.' 18. mAdhala sarakAranA vakhatanI vasulAtanA je dastAvejo mane maLyA che te uparathI jaNAya che ke A prAntonI vArSika upaja aDhI kareDa rUpiyA hatI. briTiza rAjyanI narama ane vAjabI paddhati nIce huM dhArUM chuM ke A mulakamAM jyAre pUrepUrI khetI thaze tyAre aDhI kareADanI upaja vasula thai zakaze. 24. ApaNe hamaNAMja je dhArA dAkhala karyo che, te pramANe AbakArI khAtAnI upaja paNa patrakamAM batAvelI rakama jeTalI teA ochAmAM ochI Avaze. ' 193 te pachI mIThAnI kharIdI ane vecANanA ananyAdhikAra mATe karelI gAThavaNutA hevAla Ape che. A riporTanI sAthe TAMkelA patrakamAM nIcenA AMkaDA jovAmAM Ave che. navAbanI jamAbandIne AMkaDA 2. 13523474 briTiza sarakAranI jamAnandI pahele 15619627 .. , 16162786 ,, 1827,063 ,, varSe khIje varSe trIje varSe ,, uparanA AMkaDAo uparathI jaNAze ke baMgALA ane madrAsa hAthamAM AvyA pachI tarataja je bhUlo karI hatI teja bhUlA pAchI ahIM paNa karavAmAM AvI. uparA uparI laDAie ane sakhta vasulAtathI herAna thai gayelA mulaka eka meTI ane sudharelI sattAnA hAthamAM AvyA che. zAntine cAhanArI ane udyogo prajAne ka Mika dhAraNa ApavAne temane khejo eche karavAnI ane sAdhanene sudhArA karavAnI taka ApavAnA A vakhata che. chatAM henrI veslInA amalanA pahelAja varSamAM navAbanI jamA karatAM kampanInI. jamAmAM vIsa 13

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- 194 prakaraNa 5mu lAkhanA vadhAre thAya che, ane traNa varSa pUrAM thayA pahelAM bIjA daza lAkha umerAya che. ane jyAre navAbanA AMkaDA teA kuraMta nAmanAja hatA, ane vasulAta mAlanI sthitine AdhAreja thatI, tyAre kampanInI rakamo teA hiMdustAnanA lokAe pahelAM kadI nahi jANelI evI sakhtAithI vasula karavAmAM AvatI. mi. DambelaTana nAmanA eka dezAdhyakSa 1802 nI jamAbandInA saMbaMdhamAM *ryAda kare che ke-'te vAjakhIpaNAnI hada bahAra' che ane briTiza sattA navAba sarakAranA bhAre dara-vasulAtanI sthiti sthApakatA vinA ' jArI rAkhe che. mIjI khAtAmAM A dezane sudharelI rAjyapaddhati nIce lAvavA baMdhA prayatnA thayA. tA. 24 mI me 1903 te rAja bIMgALAnA dhArA dAkhala karyo. dezanA sAta jIllA pADyA. dareka jIllAmAM eka 'sivila sarvanTa ' nImyA ane tene mejIsTreTa ane nyAyAdhIzanuM kAma soMpyuM. barelImAM eka apIla ane dekharekha rAkhanArI kArTa sthApI ane jamInadAra ane tehasIladArAne banAra sanI peThe luTArUone pakaDavAnA ane potAnI hakumatamAM suleha rAkhavAnA adhikAra ApyA. eka khIjo agatyanA dhArA paNa A vakhate dAkhala karyAM temAM cAlatI traNa varSanI jamA sarakAre majura karI. te pachI eka traNanI pachI eka cAranI ane te mudata pUrI thayA pachI acaLI jamAbandI' Tharaze evuM jAhera karyuM. hAusa Arka komansanI silekTa kamiTi kahe che ke A zabdomAM henrI velInI jamAbandI pachI daza varSe acaLa jamAyandI ' nA TharAva karavAnuM jamInadArAne spaSTa vacana ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sane 1803 mAM janarala veslIe ( gavarnara janaralane khIje bhASa je pachIthI Dayuka Apa veliMgaTana thayA ) marAThAnI sattA dakSiNamAMthI nAbuda karI; ane lArDa leIke uttaramAM gaMgA ane jamanA vaccenA pradezeA khAlasA :

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 195 karyA. A dezanuM nAma " vichata prAnta " pADyuM. buMdelakhaMDa ane kaTaka 1803 mAM khAlasA karyo. vichata prAne prathama oNrDa leIkanA vahivaTamAM sepyA. paNa 1805 mAM tenA pAMca vibhAga pADyA. ane nikSipta prAtonI peThe tene paNa gavarnara janaratanI sattA nIce mUkyA. badhA kAyadA kAnune tyAM paNa dAkhala karyA. je vacane tenA jamInadArone ApavAmAM AvyAM hatAM te ahIM paNa apAyAM. jamAbAdI pahelI eka varSane mATe, pachI traNa ane pachI cAra varSane mATe uttarottara karavAnI hatI. ane chellI jamAbandI je jamInadAro kabula thAya te hamezane mATe "acaLa" karavAnI hatI. be varSa pachI vaLI A vacananI punarAvRtti karavAmAM AvI, paNa A vakhate evI sarata umerAI ke acaLa jamAbAdI karavAnuM adhyakSasabhAnI maMjurInI sarate. hiMdustAna 1803 nA marAThA yuddhathI pAyamAla thaI gayuM hatuM. ane kampanInI sakhta jamAbandIthI potAnI sthiti sudhAravAno lekone bIlakula vakhata maLe nahate. phaLa e thayuM ke 1804 mAM moTo dukALa jaNAyA. te vakhate sarakArane jamAbandImAM moTI rakamonI mAphI ApavAnI jarUra paDI. kheDutone tagAvI ApavI paDI. ane banArasa, kAnapura alAhabAda ane phatehagaDha dANuM mokalavA mATe lAlaca ApavI paDI. 1807mAM cAra varSa mATenI jamAbandInA kAma upara dekharekha rAkhavA mATe eka khAsa kamizana nImavAmAM AvyuM. A cAra varSanI jemAbandInA AMkaDA dAkhala karelA dhArA pramANe hamezane mATe nakkI thavAnA hatA. ' have ApaNe uttara hiMdustAnamAM acaLa jamAbandIne mATe je moTo vAdavivAda thayo te viSayamAM AvIe chIe. mi. kesa ane heniseMTarja je Takare acaLa jamAbandInA saMbaMdhanA lAbhamAM riporTa karyo, paNa nikSipta ane vijIta prAtamAM tarataja te dAkhala karavAnI virUdhamAM temane mata paDaze. lakhe che ke - ''

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prakaraNa 5 mu 230 " jamInanI mahesulanI maryAdA bAMdhavAthI thatA phAyadAnu amane pUrNa bhAna che. amane khabara che ke kAcI jamAnandIthI lAne ghaNI aDacaNa cAya che ane ghaNA dagATakAne avakAza maLe che. jyAre karA uparAuparI vadhatA jatA hAya ane leAkane peAtAnA udyAganA vadhArAne lAbha levAnI taka na maLatI heAya tevA sa yeAgeAmAM kAi paNa deza AbAdImAM AgaLa vadhI zake ke nahi teja savAla che. paNa * acaLa jamAbandI 'nA pakSamAM dareka valaNa chatAM amArA pukhta ane nirvizeSa mata che ke A kSaNe "acaLa jamAbandI' jAhera karavI e vAjabI nathI. atyAre te dAkhala karavA javAthI rAjya kAzane bhAre nukazAna thavA saMbhava che ane keTalAka khAtedAreAnA sa MbaMdhamAM teA pAkA pAyA upara A paddhati dAkhala karIne jene kAyadA karavA ApaNe mAgIe chIe. temaneja atyAre dAkhala karavA javAthI nukasAna thaze ema amane jaNAya che." 196 acaLa jamAnandI virUdhdha uttara hiMdustAnamAM A pahelA svara hatA. rAjyakAzane bhAre nukazAna ' nA bhaye A svara upajAvyo paNa A khAsa kamizananI dalIlane khAtrIlAyaka javAba mi. kAlluke ApyA. 3. 1802 nA pamI julAinA ane sane 1805 nA 11 mI julAinAM jAheranAmAMthI jamInadArA sAthe je jamIne ghaTatA sudhArAthI 'acaLa AkAra' te mATe lAyaka thai hoya tevI jamIneA mATe amuka mudata pUrI thayA bAda vAjI saratA sAthe acaLa jamAbandI TharAvavA mATe sarakAra boMdhAi cUkI che; te vakhate pukhta vicArathI ane hamaNAM je bAbateA rajI karavAmAM Aveche, tevA bhAnanI sAye muddatA pahelethI mukarara karavAnuM vAjabI dhAravAmAM Avyu hatuM, ane te mATe 1807 nA jInamAM gavanara janarale 1807 nA dazamA dhArAthI jamInadA| ane khIjA bhUmiAne cokhkhuM jaNAvI dIdhu hatu ke te pachI tarata amalamAM AvatI jamAbandInA chellA varSanI jamA jo te

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. 197 kabula haze ane adhyakSasabhA mAra karaze te humezane mATe ' acaLa ' karavAmAM Avaze. 4. AvI rIte ga MbhIratAthI ApeluM vacana teDavAthI lakAne ApaNA uparathI vizvAsa avazya jaze. 9. huM bhUlatA na houM teA kamizanara sAhebanI dalIla evI che ke sarakAra AvI meTI jAgIranA eka rIte dhaNI che; mATe jamInanA mAlika tarikenA bhaviSyamAM sudhArA thAya tenA lAbha levAne haka temaNe choDI devA joie nahi. 26. baMgALA bihAra ane kAremenDala kinArA uparanI jamIneAnA AkAra mukarara thayA te vakhate A prAntAnA kamizanarAe je pramANa kADhayuM che tenA karatAM vadhAre pramANamAM te vakhatanI paDatara jamInanA bhaviSyamAM sudhArA thAya te upara bhAga levAnA haka sarakAre pukhta vicAra karIne cheDI dIyeA che. 27. A pagalAnAM zubha pariNAme amALAmAM dekhAvA lAgyAM che. te dezanI sajIvana thatI AbAdI, vadhatI dolata ane jhaDapathI thatA sudhArA te badhuM acaLa jasAbadI'thIja thAya che, enu dhoraNa evu DahApaNa bharyuM che ke vigatamAM keTalIka gaMbhIra bhUlA thayelI che, chatAM tenAM pariNAmAmAM Apate chevaTe nAsIpAsa karaze nahi. 32. tarka karatAM anubhavane vadhAre vajana ApavAnI mArI vina Mti che ema AzA ja rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI ke paDatara jamIna sudhAryothI jamInadAnI upajamAM prAyado thaze ane tethI dukALa ane jamInane lagatAM bIjA sakaTA jamAmAM mArI ApyA vinA te leAka utarI zakaze. 33. A dhAraNAo saphaLa thache. 38. ema jaNAyache ke kaMika evuM samajAyu che ke, briTiza rAjya padhdhati sAmAnya rIte hiMduone anukUla paDatI nathI. A abhiprAya

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194 prakaraNa 5muM. pAyAdAra che ema mAnI laIe to ema nIkaLe che ke jyAre pratikUla jaNAtI rItabhAtaneja emane anubhava maLe che, ane je varadAna teo cAhe che te ApatAM ApaNe hAtha dhrujAvIe chIe, tyAre jamInanA mAlika ane temanI sAthe loka varga paNa je AzAo ApaNe temane ApI hatI ane jene mATe nairAzya anubhavavAno temane vakhata Avaze, te AzA nirAzAnA pramANamAM vidhAre ne vadhAre sarakArathI aparata raheze. . . huM kamizanaranA A abhiprAyane maLuM chuM ke daDhatA, nirlobhatA ane nyAya e sarakAranAM vahivaTanAM khAsa lakSaNo hovAM joIe. paNa huM mAnuM chuM ke pukhta vicAra pachI nakkI kareluM raiyatane phAyadAkAraka pagaluM choDI devAthI ApaNI daDhatA ApaNe sAbita karI zakIzuM nahi. UMcAmAM UMcA daranI lAlaca rAkhyAthI ane kheDuta pAsethI vadhArAmAM vadhAre sAthe levAthI ApaNe ApaNI nibhatA siddha karI zakIzuM nahi. tema ApaNA tAbAnA jamInanA mAlikanA dIkarAonA laIne avatarelA hake paDAvI laine ApaNe ApaNI nyAya buddhinI khAtrI karI zakIzuM nahi. A miniTa temaja tevA arthanI bIjA sabhAsada mi. lamsaDananI miniTa lorDa minTo je te vakhate gavarnara janarala hatA temaNe adhyakSasabhAne mokalAvI dIdhI. laoNrDa minToe paDe paNa A bAbatamAM spaSTa abhiprAya nidhyo hate. . . . - acaLa jamAbandInA saMbaMdhanA judA judA prAntanA tamAma kAgaLo vAMcIne mane te nItinA saMgInapaNAnI athavA tenI anivArya AvazyakatAnI khAtrI thaI che. paNa adhyakSasabhAe pitAne abhiprAya bAMdhI dIdho hato. saMyoga baLathI ja eka prajAnA kalyANa mATe bhAva sudhArAnA lAbhano bhoga ApavA , ekavAra teo pravRtta thayA hatA. lorDa kornavolisa behastanazIna thayA hatA,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 199 ane adhyakSasabhA phrIthI audArya batAvI gunhegAra thavAnI nahatI. have te " UMcAmAM UMcI upajanI lAlaca rAkhavAnI ane leAkA pAsethI vadhArAmAM vadhAre sAMya levAnI " temanI rAjyanIti hatI. teo lakheche ke, " kaTaka athavA bIjA koi prAntamAMnA jyAM sudhI te bAbatanA tamAma kAgaLe amArI rUbarU raju karavAmAM Ave nahi ane tamArA te khAkhatanA TharAvAnI amArA taraphathI maMjurI maLe nahi, tyAM sudhI kAi paNa jamAnandIne ' acaLa ' jAhera karavI nahi, " nava mahinA pachI temaNe prIthI lakhyuM ke A kharItAne amAre artha e che ke amArA navA prAntAmAM bagALAnI peThe acaLa AkAramAM tamAre amane badhI devA nahi ' evI tamane tIvA zabdomAM sAvacetI ApavI. lekanA A kharItAothI gavarnarajanarala camakyA. Ane artha evA thayA ke kalyANa mATe eka atya Mta Avazyaka pagalu cheADI devu, eTaluM ja naha paNa 1803 ane 1805 nA dhArAomAM dAkhala kareluM lAkane babbe vAra ApeluM bInasaratI vacana paNa teADavu. nikSipta prAntA mATenA 1803 nA 25 mA dhArAnI 29 mI kalamamAM nIcenuM jAheranAmuM hatuM. r A daza varSa pUrAM thayA pachI AnA A lokA ( jo te rAjI haze ane temanA karatAM vadhAre haka vALA bIjA kAi AzAmI nIkaLI Avaze nahi te ) sAthe je jamIna ghaTatA sudhArAthI acaLa jamAnandIne lAyaka jaNAze te jamInanA saMbadhe sarakArane yeAgya ane vAjakhI lAgaze tevI sarate acaLa jamAvyandI ' nA harAvA karavAmAM Avaze." vijIta prAntA mATenA " 1805 nA navamA dhArAmAM evA jAheranAmAmAM evA eja zabdo hatA. A qhInasaratI vacanA kampanInA javAbadAra tAkare ane pratinidhiee hiMdanA leAkAne ApelAM hatAM. te kampanIne baMdhanakAraka hatAM, 1807 mAM--1807 nA dasamA dhArAthI ( nikSipta tema vijIta prAnto mATe ) A vacana rIthI ApavAmAM AvyuM hatu; ane A vakhate evI sarata

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- - prakaraNa pa muM. - pahela vahelIvAra vadhAravAmAM AvI hatI ke " je mAnavaMta adhyakSasabhAnI maMjurI haze te" acaLa jamAbandInA TharAva karI ApavAmAM Avaze. 1811 mAM adhyakSasabhAe kADhelA hukamathI A vacane kevI rIte nAbuda thAya ? 1812 mAM InDiyA sarakAra lakhe che ke "1803 ane 1805 nA dhArAothI sthApita karelI goThavaNanI adhyakSasabhAnI nApasaMdagI te dhArAo ghaDAyA pachI tarataja jAhera thaI hatI to te sabhAnI sattAno temaNe amala karyo te kAraNathI te nAmaMjurIne Teke maLata paNa have jyAre nikSipta prAntamAM badhA jamAbAdI paTAnI badhI mudata ane vichata prAtamAM be bhAganI mudata khalAsa thaI gaI che, te vakhate e sarata rada karavAmAM nIti ane nyAyanAM dhoraNonI bedarakArI thAya che ema amane jaNAya che," ane svahaste lakhelI eka miniTamAM lorDa minToe, adhyakSasabhAnA tAjA hukamono zabdazaH artha karavAthI sarakAranAM jAhera ane gaMbhIra vacano'nI sAthe baMdhabesatuM na hovAthI saMkucita artha karavA yatna karyo hate. sane 1813 mAM laoNrDa minTa pAcho vilAyata gayo te pahelAM eka vAra pharIthI pitAne vAMdho teNe jAhera karyo. eNe batAvyuM ke "acaLa jamAbandImAM upajano kAMI paNa bhega ApavAno nathI. jamIna upara pharate kara sudhArAne pratikUla hevAthI eDamasmithe veltha opha nezansamAM vakhoDI kahADyo che. paDatara jamInano samAveza karyA vinA kheDavANa jamInane saMbaMdhe ja uttara hiMdustAnamAM acaLa jamAbandI thaI zake tema che," ane chevaTe lakhyuM ke "je mArA rAjya vahivaTane hetu dezIonI sthiti sudhAravI e heya te mAruM ni:saMdeha mAnavuM che ke te agatyanA hetu tvarAthI ane phatehamaMdIthI pAra pADavA mATe "acaLa jamAbaMdI" nA jevuM bIjuM rAjya kRtya amane jaNAtuM nathI." paNa kaMpanInA adhiSThAtAo haThIlA thayA hatA. hiMdanA lekanA kalyANanI temanI prasiddha icchA hoya te paNa temanA potAnA naphA mukI devA e

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briTiza hiMdustAnane emane yogya lAgyuM nahIM. 1803 ane 1805 mAM ApelA vacanemAMthI nIkaLI javAnI eka yukti temaNe ghaDI kahADI hatI. teo lakhe che ke - abhaMga kabaje ane sarakAra haka vakhatasara ApI de e jamInadArone traNa varasanA paTA vakhate sarakAre ApelAM vacanonI 'sara' hatI. eka vadhAre agatyanI sarata e hatI ke daramiyAnamAM jamIna evA sudhArAnI sthiti upara lAvavI joIe ke ApaNA hakanI maryAdA bAMdhavI yogya gaNAya. 1803 ane 185 nA dhArAomAM A sudhArAnI hada mukarara karelI nahatI. ane kharekhara koipaNa, bhaviSyamAM amalamAM mUkavAnA, dhArAmAM mukarara karI zakAya paNa nahi. A savAla bhaviSyano gaNa sarakAranA bhaviSyanA nirNaya uparaja pUrNa rIte mUkavAmAM Avyo hato, temaja A dhArAomAM evuM kAMI nathI ke jethI sarakAranA nirNayane kaMI paNa pratibaMdha pahocI zake athavA pahoca joIe. je A dalIla zudabuddhithI ane pramANikatAthI karavAmAM AvI hatI te keTalIka AgaLa vadhelI jAgIromAM "acaLa jamAbaMdI thaI jAta; ane keTalIkane mATe vilaMba karavAmAM Avata. paNa A dalIla ApeluM vacana teDavAnI eka yukti mAtraja hatI. ane vacana tUTayuM. 1813 mAM koI paNa jAgIranI jamAdI "acaLa thaI nahi. ane te pachI hajIsudhI paNa thaI nathI. | lerDa minTo pachI lairDa meyarA (pAchaLathI mArvesa opha hesTiMgsa) hiMdustAnano gavarnara janarala thaze. tenI kArakIrdimAM nepAlanI laDAI, piMDArInI laDAI ane chevaTe chellI marAThA laDAI jenA pariNAmamAM 1817 mAM muMbaI ilAke khAlasA thaze te prasiddha bInA che. A banAvA upara dhyAna ApavAnI jarUra hevAthI oNrDa hesTiMgsa thoDA vakhata sudhI uttara hiMdustAnanI jamAbandI upara dhyAna ApI zake nahi. 2. uttara hiMdustAnanI mahAlavArI jamAbaMdI (1815-1822) sane 1818 mAM chelluM marAThA yuddha samApta thayuM; ane chelle pisvA kaba

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202 prakaraNa 5 mu ja thayA. te pachI lArDa hesTiMgsane dezanI jamInanA vahivaTane savAla hAtha dharavA paDayA. eDavarDa kAOka ane mi. TrAnTa nikSipta prAMtA ane vijIta prAMtenA mArAdAbAda, barelI zAhAjAnapUra ane rehilakhanDa e jIllAonI jamAandI bAbata je riporTa karyAM hatA, temAM paNa temaNe jamAbaMdI acaLa karavAnI bhalAmaNa karI hatI. temaNe lakhyuM hatuM ke " sarakAre amArA upara maherabAnI karIne amane, je adhikAra soMpyA che tenuM kartavya pUrepUrUM bajAvavAnA aMgatI amArA abhiprAya batAvavA e eka ja che ema ame samajIe chIe, amAre dRDha abhiprAya che ke A prAntanA leAkeA jenI dhaNA vakhatathI AturatAthI rAha jue che te acaLa AkAranA lAbho lokAne hiM ApavAthI A taraphanA 'ApaNA mulakanA saMbaMdhamAM ApaNane meDhu nukazAna thayA vinA raheze nahi. jo ke amane khAtrI che ke sarakArI kAzane paNa tethI dhaNA lAbhA che tepaNa te dRSTibiMduthI tenA lAbheAnuM vivecana ame karavA nathI mAgatA. kAraNa kru upara TAMkelA e dhArAthI sarakAra vacana ApI cUkelI che; ane A dhArA edhyakSa sabhA sAthe 'acaLa jamAnandI' sabaMdhI pUrI carcA thayA pachIja ghaDAi bahAra pADavAmAM AvelA che, tethI, ahI nA temaja yurApanA adhikArIone e chevaTanA nirNayaja hatA ema gaNavu joie. : . ame pharIthI amAre pRthak ane sayukta nizcaya jaNAvavAnI rajA laie chIe ke A prAntAmAM jamAbandInA TharAveAnI sAmAnya ' acaLatA sivAya bIjI kAMi gaThavaNu jamInadArAne gaLe utare tema nathI kAraNa ke te ema mAne che ke sarakAra tema karavA gabhIra vacatAthI badhAi gayelI che." 1819 mAM mi. DAuDasavele vAnaprastha letI vakhate eka miniTa lakhelI che temAM paNa eja sUra pUrA nizcaya sAthe cAle che. lakhe che "tyAre sthiti e che ke upara khatAvelI maryAdA sAthe sarakAranu vacana nikSepa ane vijaya pachI darA varSa vItyA khAI jamAyandInA TharAvo acaLa karavAnuM lokAne apAi gayu che, ke: *

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 203 2. " jenA dhyAna upara A nIcenI hakIkata mUkavAnI che tene apriya lAge tevI hakIkata ane tevA abhiprAya lakhatAM mane bahu duHkha thAya che. paNa mane khAtrI che ke mAnavaMtI adhyakSasabhA bhArA hetune gerainsApha nahi kare. je huM chuTo chuM e mAre mata heta te je kAmamAM huM guMthAyo chuM te mUkI deta. paNa mArA vicAro batAvavAnI mane asAdhAraNa jarUra jaNAyAthIja huM te daphatara upara mUkuM chuM. . - "huM ema batAvavA dhAruM chuM ke dezanI khetI saMbaMdhI sthitimAM sudhAro karavAthI ane khAsa karIne jAhera sAdhana saMpattino kaI asAdhAraNa bhoga ApyA sivAya briTizanA nAmanI ane sattAnI sAthe leke anurAga sudaDha karavAthI, acaLa jamAbandIno prabaMdha briTiza sarakAranAM zubhanuM ja piSaNa kare che. mane khAtrI che ke jamInanA mAliko potAnA paragaNAmAM athavA majhAmAM athavA koI kaTakAmAM kheDavANa jamInanI sAthe je phulaguMthaNIyA paDatara jamIno paDI haze teno sudhAro karIne potAnAM gujarAnanAM sAdhanono. vadhAro karIne saMtoSa mAnaze ane bAkInI badhI jamIna bezaka kAyadAthI ja sarakArane svAdhIna raheze. - " bIjI taraphathI sarakAre jamInamAMthI nIcovIne mahesula levI te huM DAhyuM, InsArI ane nItisara mAnato nathI. huM mAnuM chuM ke sAmAnya rIte bolatAM hAla je AkAra karyA che te kheDuta varga jamInanA dhIme dhIme sudhArA karI zakavAnI sAthe jeTaluM ApI sake teTalA UMcA te cheja. have huM A viSaya choDuM chuM. ghaNuM karIne haMmezane mATe dezanI AMtara zAnti ane suvyavasthA tarapha meM kAMI paNa karyuM che. meM mArI zakti pramANe divAnI pharajadArI nyAyanA vaMhivaTanA saMbaMdhamAM ane temAM sudhArA karavAmAM mahenata karI che, ane rAjya vahIvaTamAM mane je bhAga soMpelo che, tenAthI rAjyakezane sAmAnya rIte kaMI nukazAna nathI thayuM te joIne mane abhimAna sAthe sateSa thAya che. ATaluM joke ghaNuM che te paNa adhikAra choDyA

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- prakaraNa pa.' pahelAM A prAMtimAM je " acaLa jamAbandI' sthApita thayelI huM joI zakyo hata te mArI koI paNa IchA atRpta raheta nahi." - AnAthI paNa vadhAre prakhyAta adhikArI sara eDavarDa kAbuka betALIza varSanI nokarI pachI hiMda choDavAne taiyAra thayA te vakhate temaNe paNa adhyakSasabhAne lebhamAMthI lokane bacAvavAno ane bhaviSyamAM jamInamAMthI je napho maLe tenAthI kaMI sukhI thavAne avakAza ApavAne eka prayatna karyo. 1820 mAM eNe eka miniTa lakhI tenI sAthe 1707 thI 1818 sudhImAM A prAMtanI mahesula uparA uparI vadheja jatI e batAvanAruM eka patraka raju karyuM. ane potAnA sudhArA ane udyamanuM phaLa lokone rahe tevI rIte " jamAbandInI hada mukarara karavAnuM je vacana prathama apAI gayeluM te pramANe vartavAnI vaLI ekavAra bhalAmaNa karI. sara eDavarDa kobrukanA patrakamAMthI nIcenA AMkaDA lIdhA che. varSa. jamInanI mahesulaH rUpIA. kula upaja rU. 1807 20089550 20653960 . 1808 20423470 2304040 1809 22547910 25799490 1810 23924520 27826430 1811 2447370 27417280 1812 22747080 26468587

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1813 1814 1815 181} 1817 1818 briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 25086810 25022230 24831330 2665667 2626761 2892789 29319060 2815590 28910450 31308530 29269230 3262366 te pachInI eka miniTamAM pUrNa lAgaNI vALA zabdomAM hiMdustAnanA lAkAmAM AkhI jIMdagI gujAryAMthI utpanna thayelA premathI ane temanA sattananA satAthI prerAine leAkane ' acaLa jamAbandI ' ApavAnI vakIlAta kareche, paNa te badhuM niSphaLa jAyache. hiMdustAnanA leAkAnuM vAdArI ane sulehane cAhanArUM sattana sarakAranA hukAmAMthI eka pAi paNa kamI karavA azakata nIvaDayu che. ane briTiza rAjyane lIdhe sthApita thayelI zAntimAM, nirbhayatA chatAM leke karakasarIA ane udyAgI chatAM, jamIna umadA ane Ladrupa chatAM, leAkeA cheka daridra ane sAdhanahIna thaI gayA tyAM sudhI sarakAranI mAgaNIo vadhatIja gai evI ulaTI asara ghaNIvAra camelI che. uparanA kamizanarezanA, DAuDasavela sara er3avarDa kenruka temaja sTuarTa, eDama, ane phrenDAlanA riporTo ane miniTAthI sajja thaIne gavarnara janarala lArDa hesTiMgse acala jamAbandIneA prAdha jete mATe briTiza sarakAre gaMbhIratAthI vacana Apyu` hatu`', ane je leAkeAnI AbAdI mATe jarUrane hateA tene mATe eka. chellI vina Mti karI.

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'pada - 1 prakaraNa 5 ma. ' lakhe che ke atyAre amAro A ekamata che ke niyata jamAnA gheraNathI, athavA niyata ane acaLa bhAvathI mukarara thAya tevA AkAranA dhoraNathI, A prAtamAM acaLa jamAnI paddhati dAkhala karavI." paNa eka vepArI kampanInA adhiSThAtAo jeo have eka moTA sAmrAjyanA mAlika thayA hatA temaNe lairDa hesTiMgsanI darakhAsta nAmaMjura karI ane te evA avinayanI sAthe ke tethI jyAM pitAnAM nANAM saMbaMdhI lAbhanI vAta AvatI hoya tyAM lokanA sukhethI teone keTalI bedarakArI hatI te spaSTa jaNAI jAya. teo lakhe che ke - Apa je bAbatamAM ekamate abhiprAya upara AvyAnuM kaho cho eTale 'A prAntomAM acaLa jamAbandI Ape batAvelAM koI paNa dhAraNa upara dAkhala karavI te bAbatamAM, ApanA abhiprAyanI sAthe ame maLI zakatA nathI. enI amAre khAsa karIne Apane khabara ApavAnI che. sane 1819 nA 15 mI jAnyuArInA patranI 86 mI kalamamAM ame acaLa jamAbandI viraha je hukama Ape che te hukamanuM spaSTatAthI punarAvartana karIe chIe ane ame evI IcchA rAkhIe chIe ke AvI acaLa jamAbandInA TharAva karavAthI Ape dUra rahevuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa lokonA manamAM evI tarehanI AzA utpanna thAya tevA paNa koI kRtyathI hamezAM dUra rahevuM. A rIte A pachI cALIsa varSa sudhI A vivAda baMdha paDo. grAma saMsthAo, daramiyAna mahesula sabhAnA maMtrI-heTa mekenjhIe 1819nI prakhyAta miniTa lakhI hatI. jemAM uttara hiMdustAnamAM prAmasaMsthAonI hayAtInI vAta bahAra ANI hatI ane paddhatisara mApaNI karIne tamAma tarehanI tapAsa karIne grAmasaMsthAo sAtheja jamAbaMdInA TharAva karavAnI bhalAmaNa

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika pratihAsa. 207 karI hatI. A miniTamAM judA judA jIllAenI mukhya hakIkata ApI hatI. ane evI sUcanA karI hatI ke have A gAmonI mApaNI karavI, hUkanAM patrake banAvavAM, grAmasa sthAnA pratinidhi tarIke ' lambaradAra ' nAmanA mukhIe nImavA, jeo mahesula ApavAne pAtra gaNAya ane jemanAM nAma dezAdhyakSanA daphtaramAM ' mahesula ApanAra ' tarIke rahe. ema paNa sUcavyu hatu` ke AkAranA dara vadhAravAne badale sarakhA karavA ane mahesula bharanArAonA je haka heAya te hakamAM temane kAyama karavA. 87. ema jaNAyache ke prAcIna hiMdu zAstramAM rAjAne mATe upajanA amuka niyata ane mArkasa bhAga mukarara karavAmAM AvyA che. paNa jo ApaNe pUrvanA vahivaTanuM anumAna hamaNAMnA rAjyAnA vahivaTa uparathI kuhADIe teA ema dhArI zakAya ke niyata maryAdAnuM baMdhana amalamAM nathI. 88. temaja mi. grAnTanA kahevA pramANe meghala paddhatimAM paNa rokaDa rakama upajanA ceAthA bhAgane hiMsAme mukarara karavAmAM AvatI. 93. ekaMdara dezI rAjye potAnA haka mukarara karavAmAM prAcIna rivAjone puSkaLa vajana ApatA ane chevaTanA bhAgamAM peAtAnA vAjabI hakA levA jeTaluM paNa baLa temanAmAM na hetu, tepaNu potAnA haka mukarara karavAno sarakAranA adhikAra che e vAtanI kadI paNa zaMkA levAmAM AvI nathI. " 101. sarakAranA saMbadhe ati ' na thAya tene mATe khAsa kALajI rAkhavAnI jarUra che. kAraNa ke haMmezAM ApaNe ApaNA manathI ceAkhkhI upajane amuka bhAga letA huie paNa vAstavikarIte majurInA ane mAlanA vaLatara upara ApaNA pagapesArA heAya evA hamezAM bhaya raheche. 129. kheDutoe cokhkhI upajane ze| agna ApavA e nakkI thAya, te pachI vacalA mAsA vahIvaTa karanArAo jamInadAra jevAonero lAbha ApavA ane aeTale lAbha ApavA e mukarara karavAnu eTale sarakAranA hakanI

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208 prakaraNa 5 muM. hada bAMdhyA pachI je cokhkho napho rahe te kevI rIte vaheMcavo e savAla rahe che. A TharAva karyA pachI eka aThavADIA bAda A prAtamAM ane kaTaka, paTAsapura ane tenA tAbAnA mulakamAM jamAbandInA dhoraNa saMbaMdhI 1822 na 7 mo dhAro pasAra karyo. - mahAle mahAle pharI khAsa gAme gAma ane mahAle mahAle jamAbAdI karavAnI hatI. tethI, uttara hiMdustAnanI jamAbadInI paddhati mahAlavArI jamAbandI kahevAya che. evo spaSTa niyama karavAmAM Avyo hato ke jamInadArano naphe sarakAra haka karatAM pAMcamA bhAgathI vadhAre hoya te sivAya sarakAra haka vadhAro nahi. evI sthitimAM jamA evI rIte niyata karavI ke sarakAranI jamAne pAMcame bhAga jamInadArane cokhkho napho rahe. A pramANe 12000 rUpiyAnI cokhkhI upaja hoya tyAM 10000 rUpiyA sarakAranA ane 2000 jamInadAranA eTale cokhkhI upajanA 83 TakA sarakAranA gharamAM jAya. dezAdhyakSene jeTalI rakama bharavAnI hoya teTalI rakama bharavAnI sarate kheDutone paTa ApavAnI sattA ApavAmAM AvI hatI. jyAM jamInadAra vacamAM na hoya ane jamIna saMyukta hovAthI kheDutonAja kabajA bhogavaTAmAM hoya tyAM cokhI upajanA 95 TakA sudhI sarakAra haka bAMdhI zakAya ane 5 TakA mAlIkAnAnA athavA bIjA sarakAra je haka TharAve tene mATe, ochAmAM ochA pAMca TakA bAda ApavA; AvA prasaMgomAM saMyukata jamInanA bhAgo pADavAne ane dareka kheDUtanAM judAM khAtAM pADI ApavAne dezAdhyakSane adhikAra ApavAmAM Avyo hato. kheDu ane jamInadAra vaccenA dAvA cUkavavAne temanI sAtha nakakI karavAne, temanA hisAbanI cekha karI ApavAno ane jamIna sAMtha paTA ane ekamekanA TharAva bAbata tamAma vAMdhA patAvavAno adhikAra dezAdhyakSone ApavAmAM Avyo hato. dezAdhyakSa-kalekTaranA nirNaya upara vasulAtI sabhAne

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika pratihAsa. apIla ApavAmAM AvI hatI ane chevaTe divAnImAM dAvA lAvIne vAMdhA patAvavA haka Apyo hateA. 207 uttara hiMdustAna briTizanA hAthamAM gayA pachI A pahela vahelA jamInane! dhArA ' hatA. tenI kalame jotAM tenI khAmIo tarata jaNAi Ave che. A dhArAmAM kheDUtone ApavAnI sAMthanu kAMI paNa vAjaLI pramANa dezAdhyakSanA nirNaya sivAya mIjI nakkI karyuM nathI. temAM jamInadArane ceAkhI upajanA 17 TakA zivAya kAipaNa vAjakhI nAne mATe avakAza rAkhavAmAM Avyo nathI. atizaya mAgaNI na karavAnAM ane cokhkhI upajane bhAga levAnAM vacanA sAthe sarakhAvatAM sarakAra tamAma cokhkhI upaja upADI gai ane kheDuta ane jamInadAra bannene sarakhI garIbAimAM mUkI dIdhAM. dhanate sa Mgrahu thavAnu, ane lokonI sthiti sudharavAnuM, azakya thai paDayuM. ane pahelI jamAbandInI TUMkI muddata pUrI thAya te pachI navI jamAbandImAM rAjya hukanA vadhArAnI kaMi paNa maryAdA niyata karI nahi. ' A rIta tenI potAnI krUratAthIja paDI bhAgI. kampanInA zreSTha ane meTAmAM meTA gavarnara janarala lorDa viliyama benTike 1833 mAM uttara hiMdustAnanA lokAnuM kaIka samAdhAna karyuM. DA. jInananA hevAla ( uttara hiMdustAna saMbadhe ). paraMtu te upara AvatAM pahelAM ApaNe mukanane A arasAmAM ApelA uttara hiMdustAnanA citra taraphathI najara karIzu. kampanInI adhiSTAtrI sabhAe DA. bukanananI madrAsanI musApharImAM jaNAyalI hakIkatanI kiMmata samajIne temane uttara hiMdamAM tevI musApharI karavAne AjJA karI. A musApharI bukanane 1807 mAM RRrU karI ane sAta 14

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210 prakaraNa 5 muM. varSa sudhI sAvadhAnIthI tapAsa karI. A tapAsanuM sarakArane traNa lAkha rUpiyA kharaca thayuM hatuM. DA. bukanane lakhele hevAla hiMdI sarakAre vilAyata sarakAra upara mokalAvI dIdhe, paNa ghaNI vakhata sudhI te vaparAyA vinA ja paDyo rahyo. DA. bukanane skoTaleMDamAM eka moTI jAgIra lIdhI. pitAnuM nAma badalI hemilTana nAma dhAraNa karyuM ane pitAnI mahenata saphaLa thAya te pahelAM zAntimAM maraNa pAmyA. te pachI briTiza saMsthAnA ItihAsakAra manTa gemari mArTine DA. bukanananA kAgaLo jovAnI paravAnagI mAgI, ane teNe sane 1838 mAM AmAMthI eka saMgraha prasiddha karyo. A saMgraha uparathI ogaNIsamA saikAnA pahelAM be dasakAomAMnI uttara hiMdustAnanI sthitine khare citAra ApaNane maLI Ave che. tenA A graMthanA ucita bhAgane sAra A prakaraNamAM ApIzuM. paTaNA ane bihAra challe. (kSetraphaLa 5358 corasa mAila; vasati, 33,64,420). A jIllAmAM DAMgarano pAka sauthI agatyane che. DAMgaranA sarerAsa bhAva rUpiyA 1 nA 70 zera, athavA ziliMga ekanA sumAre 70 ratala rahe che. ghauM ane java agatyatAmAM te pachI Ave che. keTalIka vAre te maeNla ekaThA ugADavAmAM Ave che; leTanI roTalI banAve che athavA ghauMne zekI daLI tene sAthuo kare che. maravA unALAmAMja pakave che. makAI ane jara gaMgAnA kinArA upara thAya che. vaTANuM, aDada, maga ane zAkabhAjI kherAka mATe ane tela mATe tala vigere pakavavAmAM Ave che. baTATA yurapamAMthI dAkhala thayA che. ATha hajAra ekaramAM kapAsa thAya che. te kSetraphaLanA cAramAMthI traNa bhAgamAM bIje

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 211 kaMi meMla ugato nathI; zeraDI 7000 ekaramAM thAya che; gAmonA paravADAnI vADIomAM aphINa thAya che. 160 ekaramAM taMbAku pakave che, bihAranAM pAna sarvotkRSTa gaNAya che ane kalakattA banArasa ane lakanai sudhI teno nikAsa thAya che. gaLInI khetI utaratI dazAmAM thAya che, kAraNa ke jamInadAro tethI virUddha che paNa kasuMbA bahu pakavAya che. kheDuta jamInanA mAlIka ne la levAnuM tamAma kharca uparathI kahADI je rahe teno ardha bhAga Ape che, paNa jamInanA mAlIkaja pANI pAvA mATe nahero ane sarovaro khodAvavAnuM ane samAravAnuM tamAma kharca Ape che. eka mAIla athavA tethI vadhAre laMbAInAM sarovaro khodAvavAnuM kharca 500 rUpiyA lAge che, paNa nAnAM nAnAM talAvaDAM jenI saMkhyA moTI che tenu 25 thI 100 rUpiyA sudhI kharca lAge che. ghaNI hera laMbAImAM keTalAka mAilanI che, ane ghaNIvAra te nadInA veNamAM sUkI mosamamAM jeTaluM pANI rahe tenA karatAM vadhAre pANI tenA veNamAM rahe che. ziyALu mailane moTo bhAga zAkabhAjI ane zelaDIne-kUvAmAMthI pANe pAya che. gocara mATe jaMgala vADI DuMgarAnI jamIna kAMThAnI jamIna ane bAbANa gayelI jamIna sudhdhAMta badhuM maLIne 1673 cerasa mAIla jeTalI jamIna che. pATaNa ane gayA e zahero zivAya bIje ThekANe kheDutone ghara dhaNIne mATe kaMIja ApavuM paDatuM nathI. khetI karavAvALA pAsethI gharanuM bhADuM levAtuM nathI. kArIgaro majuro ane vepArIo jamInanuM kaMIka bhADuM rokaDamAM agara kAma karIne Ape che. A uparathI jaNAze ke kheDUtanI sAMtha mala levAnuM kharca bAda karyA pachI je rahe tene ardha bhAga hatI paNa temAM rahevAnA gharanuM ane jamInanuM bhADuM, ane kUvA, taLAva vagerenuM kharca ane maphata caro e badhAno samAveza thaI jato. temaja A upajane ardha bhAga sakhtAIthI vasula thato nahi. bhAga pADavAnuM kAma evuM muzkela hatuM ke hamezAM maeNla pAkavA upara Ave eTale kheDu ane jamInadAra

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212 prakaraNa 5 muM. amuka maNa dANa ke amuka rokaDa ApavA levAnI goThavaNa kare. "eka jAgIra zivAya bIje ThekANe kheDuta pAse caData bahuja jUja raheluM che ane jyAM raheluM che tenuM kAraNa e che ke mAladhaNI kheDutane ghaNI nANuM dhIre che. jamInanA mAlika pAsethI khetI karavA sArU tagAvI levAno rivAja bahu sAdhAraNa nathI, joke thoDe ghaNo to che ja. DA. bukanananI musApharI vakhate eka sAmAnya pheraphAra e thato hato ke, upajanA bhAgane badale rokaDa sAtha levA devAmAM AvatI'. sAthIne vArSika pagAra varSa 1 nA 16 thI 22 rUpiyA che, jamInane upara nIce karavA, DAMgaranA pU ropavA athavA ziyALu malane pANI pAvA je dADIyAM rAkhavAmAM Ave tene rojanA cAra paisA ApavAmAM Ave che. strIone paNa purUSanA jeTalI ja dADI maLe che. khetI pachI kAMtavA vaNavAno dhaMdhe hiMdustAnamAM sArvatrika che. kAMtanArIo badhI strIo hoya che, ane A jIllAmAM DA. bukanananA aMdAja pramANe lagabhaga 330426 jeTalI temanI saMkhyA hatI. " AmAMne moTo bhAga pAchale pahere thoDo vakhata kAMtatI. " sarAsarI dareka strI varSa dahADe rU. 7-2-8 pAInuM kAMte che. je Asare 2367277 rUpiyA thavA jAya che. ahIMnI gaNatrIthI kAco mAla 128672 rUpiyAno thavA jAya che, eTale kAMtanArIone 1081005 rUpiyA na maLe; tethI mAthA dITha varSe dahADe rU. 3-4-0 thavA jAya che. hAlamAM thoDA varSathI jhINuM mAlanI mAgaNI ghaTI gaI che tethI strIone ghaNuM nukasAna thayuM che. kapAsanA vaNanArA saMkhyAbaMdha che. cAdara vaNavAnA kAmamAM 750 zALo kAme lAgelI che. varSa dahADe taiyAra thatA mAlanI kiMmata 540000 pAMca lAkha cALIsa hajAra rUpiyA thavA jAya che temAM sUtaranI kiMmata bAda karatAM rU. 81400 no napho rahe che. AthI dareka sAla jenA upara traNa mANasa kAma kare che te dITha rU. 108-0-0 napho Ave che eTale mANasa dITha rU. 36-0-0.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 213 paNa vaNakarAnA moTA bhAga dezanA vaparAza mATe khAdI banAve che. tenI kiMmata 2438621 rUpiyA jeTalI thAya che ane temAMthI sUtaranI kiMmata bAda karatAM rU. 667242-0-0 rUpiyA naphA rahe che, jethI zALa dIDa rU. 28 nA nAnA Ave che. isTa inDiyA kampanIe dhAraNa karelI rItanuM A prakAre DA. bukanane varNana ApyuM che. kampanInI sAthe baMdhaNImAM AvyA pachI dareka AsAmIne e rUpiyA kampanI Ape che. te kampanIne joie teTalA mAla vAi rahe tyAM sudhI khIjA kAine mATe kAma na karavAnI zarata kare che, ane A sivAya bIjuM kAMi kampanInAM AratI AMga upara ApatA nathI. AratIe dareka AsAmIne amuka prakAratuM ATaluM kApaDa banAvavu evA hukama Ape che; te taiyAra thai mAla AratIAnA hAthamAM Ave tyAre tenAM nANAM patrakamAM lakhyA pramANe vaNakarane maLe che. * TAsAra rezamanuM zudhdha athavA bheLavALu kApaDa banAvavAvALA vaNakara ghaNuM karIne kacuA gayA ane nAvaDAmAM rahe che. A mAlanI vArSika upaja rU. 4ra1710 jeTalI thAya che; dareka zALA dITha eka strI ane eka purUSa kAme lAge che ane temanA vacce varase dahADe rU. 33 thI 90 sudhI napho rahe che. kAgaLa, cAmaDAnuM kAma, attara gulAba, lokhaMDanu kAma, senA rUpAtuM kAma, patthara kApavAnuM kAma, ku MbhAra kAma, I TA ghaDavA pakavavAnuM ane cuneA pakavavAnuM kAma, raMgavAnuM, dhAbaLA vaNavAnu, seAnA rUpAnA kasabanu kAma ane kasabI kApaDa vaNavAnuM kAma, A paNa agatyanA udyAge che. dezanA mulakI vepAra ghaNuM karIte baLadIyAthI vepArI calAve che, eka baLada ane pAMca rUpiyAthI eka vepArI vepAra zarU karI zake che. maddhine dahADe sahelAithI rU. 50 nA mAla vecI zake che, temAM 6 thI 12 TakA naphA kare che. eTale

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214 prakaraNa 5 mu. bAra mahine rU. 32 nI kamANI karI zake che. paTaNA ane kalakattA vaccenA vepAra machavAthI cAle che. 100 maNa dANA lai javAnuM bhADuM 12 thI 15 rUpiyA levAya che. pAse pAsemAM dANA lai javAnuM kAma gADAvALA kare che; ane 12 thI 15 maNa dANA paTaNAthI gayA sudhI 36 gAumAM laI javA lAvavAne traNathI huM rUpiyA bhADu ese che.' seA varSe uparanA hiMdustAnanA vepAra ane udyAganI A yAdI jotAM ApaNane A jamAnAmAM upajanAM A badhAM sAdhanA kevAM sa`kucita thai gayAM che te tarata samajAya che. kAMtavA vaNavAnuM vAstavika rIte naSTa thayu che; kAraNa ke ApaNA dezanA leAkeAnA vaparAzanu ghaNu kharUM sUtara ane kApaDa lenkezIyar pUrUM pADe che. kAgaLa banAvavAnA dhaMdhA paNa paDI bhAgyA che. uMcA prakAranI cIjo banAvavA mATe have cAmaDAM paNa yurapa mekalavAmAM Ave che ane dezanA rgAne badale enilaina ra geA vaparAvA mAMDyA che. vepArI ane temanI pAThA have bhUtakALanI cIjo thai gai che ane lAvavA lai javAnA vepArane naphA have mavA vALAone maLatA nathI paNa paradezI dhanADhayAnI mAlikInI relve lai jAya che. huve vAstavika rIte lokAne mATe khetI e ekaja ATalA badhA vepAra ane udyAgone nAza thaI javAthI-ekaja upavikAnuM sAdhana thai rahyuM che. zAhAbAda lA. ( kSetrakLa 4087 cerasa mAila; vasati 1419520) ahIMAM DAMgerA pAka sahuthI merA hatA, paNa keTalAka jmInadAre e taLAvA samarAvavAmAM pramAdda karelA tethI tenI khetI hAlamAM ghaNI ghaTI gai che. lagabhaga aDadhA kSetraphaLamAM DAMgeranI khetI che. je jaLAzayAne vistAra

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika itihAsa. 215 thAya te zAhabAda, paTanA ane bihAra jeTaluM ja phaLadrupa thAya paNa tyAMnI DAMgaranI jAta eTalI uMcI nathI. laNavAvALA dADIyAne 3 TakA jeTaluM mApu dADImAM apAtuM ane vadhArAmAM vadhAre 8 TakA. sarerAza eka mANasa eka divasamAM 195 ratala anAja laNI zake; jene mATe je te dADI ja hoya to tene 6 TakA uparAMta kAMIka maLe, ane sAthI hoya te 7 TakAthI kaMIka ochuM maLe. bI mATe dANA mATInI koThIomAM rAkhI mUkavAmAM Ave che. sAdhAraNa rIte dANa bharavA sArU vAMsanI keDIo-jevI skalaMDamAM thAya che tevI athavA kAthInA koThA kare che. AmAM 29360 ratala dANA mAya che. moTI kAThIo cokamAM rAkhe che ane tenAM mhoM mATIthI chAMdI le che. nAnI koThIo jhuMpaDIne paDakhe paDI rahe che. A jIllAmAM AkArelI jamInanA ghaNA mAlike pharyAda kare che ke " kampanIne AkAra ghaNe bhAre che, eTale badhA ke tethI kAMI na rahetuM nathI, athavA rahe che te jAja napho rahe che. keTaleka ThekANe te jamInanI kiMmata uparAMta kara che. AnI puSTimAM teo evA dAkhalA Ape che ke ghaNA kakaDA vecavA kahADelA paNa AkAra ghaNo hovAthI koIe mAgaNI karelI nahi, ane pAchalI caDatanuM sarakArane nukazAna thavAthI pachI dara ghaTADIne pAchI sAthe ApI. teo ema paNa pharyA kare che ke AkAra ghaNe bhAre hovAthI mAlikane kAMIpaNa naphe rahetA nathI tethI teo taLAve vagere samAM karAvI zaktA nathI, ane svAbhAvika rIte deza upaja ApavAne vadhAre nAlAyaka banato jAya che. uMcANanI jamIne bAda karIe te zAhAbAdamAM 3151 corasa mAIlanA kSetraphaLanI jamIna upara sarakArI upaja 1132677 rUpiyA thAya che, paNuM ane bihAramAM 5051 corasa mAIlanA kSetraphaLa upara 1412269 rUpiyA jeTalI upaja Ave che." zAhAbAdamAM kAMtavA vaNavAno moTo uga cAle che. 159500 strIo kAMtavAmAM kAme lAgelI che, ane varSe dahADe 1250000 rUpiyAnuM sUtara kAMte

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216 che. rUnI ki Mmata bAda karIe to kamAtI. Avaka jUja che paNa Avatu. prakaraNa pa mu. dareka strI bAra mahine 1 thI 3 rUpiyA ATaluM paNa kuTuMbanI upajamAM bheLavavAmAM vaNakarA sutaraneAja vaNATa karatA. zAhAbAdamAM rezama vaNavAvALA koi nahetA. vaNanArAonA gharanI sakhyA 7-25 nI ane temanI zALAnI saMkhyA 79pa0 hatI. zALa dITha bAra mahine rU. 20-12-0 jeTalI upaja paravaDatI. dareka zALa upara eka mANasa ane eka hekare athavA eka karI kAme lAgatAM paNa kuTuMbanu poSaNa 4 rUpiyAthI eche thai zake tema na hovAthI DA. kSukanana zakA kare che ke upara ApelI zALa dIThe upaja ochI batAvelI hovI joie. zAhAbAdamAM kAgaLa, attaragulAba, vividha mIThThu ane dArU bane che. DAMgera AyAta thAya che ane nikAsa thAya che. java banArasa mokalAya che, aDadanI dALa murrirAbAda jAya che, chaparAthI taMbAku Ave che, mIrajApurathI khAMDa, rAmagaDhathI lAkhaDa ane paTaNAthI sIsu, tAMbu, jasata, ane phalai Ave che. kAcu rezama, kApaDa, mIThuM, ane tarehavAra cI-te ratanapura-marAThAnA mulakamAM meAkalAya che. ahI'AM bihAranAM jeTalAM sAptAhika bajArA bharAtAM nathI tepaNa ghaNAkharA badalA mAlanI kharIdI ane vecANa A bArAmAM thAya che. calaNI nANAmAM hajI ' benka neTa ' te pracAra nathI ane sAnuM rUpuM calaNumAMthI bihAramAM je kAraNAne lIdhe adRzya thai gayu che teja kAraNeAne lIdhe adRzya thai gayuM che. kampanInA tAMbAnA karakarI kinArIvALA sikA kRta AgrAmAMja cAle che; aMdaranA bhAgamAM te gorakhapuranA aNughaDa tAMbAnA sikakA ane madhuzAi ane rageragu paisAnuM calaNa che, ane kArDiyA paNa cAle che. bihAranA karatAM machavA ochA che. bahulIyAthI banArasa sudhI 540 mAIla dUranuM se; maLyu mAlanuM bhADuM rU. 1ra che. A jIllAmAM e ahI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 2017 dherI rastA che, eka kalakattAthI banArasa sudhIno lazkarI raste je sarakAra taraphathI sacavAya che; bIje gaMgA nadInA kAMThAne raste je jIllAnA eka TakAnA karanI upajamAMthI samarAvAya che, paNa A banne rastAo varasAdanA dahADAmAM nakAmA che. bhejapuranA rAjA-haradArasiMga, jAte kAyata, abadula sura eka musalamAnI jamInadAra, bIbI asmAna eka musalamAna umarAvajAdI, ane lAlA rAjarUpa ane lAlA kAnangA, banne kAyasto e tathA bIjA keTalAka paradezInI sarabharA karavAthI ane sudhArthine annadAna ApavAthI prasiddha thayA hatA. A hiMduono Atithya dharma, sadAvrata-( paramAtmAnI avicchinna bhakita)nAme oLakhAto. bhAgalapura kale. (kSetraphaLa 4225 corasa mAIlavasati 201900) ahIM paNa DAMgarane pAka moTAmAM moTo hate. 60 zera DAMgaramAMthI 37 zera cokhA paravaDatA. tethI utarata pAka ghauMno hato ane java, khetarAu vaTANAnI sAthe vavAtA. uMcANa jamInamAM makAI ane marUA (?) thatA. te sivAya kherI, koDa, sanA, jAnerA, bAjaro te paNa vavAtAM. kalAI, aDada, khesarI paNa thatAM, tala ane bIjA tela nIkaLe evA mila paNa puSkaLa vavAtA. vaLI ada, zAka bhAjIpAle, ane tejAnA paNa sthAnika upayoga mATe je e teTalAM ahIM thaye jatAM hatAM. cAra hajAra ekara kapAsa vavAto. ane DuMgaranI vasati paNa pitAnA DuMgaromAM vakhate kapAsa vAvatI. nadIone kaMThe kAMThe pANI pAvAnI sagavaDa pUratI hoya tyAM zelaDI vavAtI. taMbAku ropAtI, paNa A jIllAmAM teno pUrato pAka nahote. kula upajanA aDadha bhAga jeTaluM khetInuM kharaca thatuM hatuM.

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218 prakaraNa 5 mu. ane jamInadArane ApavAnuM te bAkInA ardhe karatAM ochu hatu. nANAM dhIravAnI rIta aprasiddha hAvAthI lAkA karajamAM DUbelA na hatA. upaja rokaDamAMthI hate hate vasula levAtI ane vaje bhAga mAla laNAya tyAre vasula thatA. DhagalAmAMthI bhAga paDyA pahelAM keTalIka bAbate uparathI kADhI levAmAM AvatI; khAsa karIne lANInuM kharca ane A pramANe DhagalA cokhkhA thAya te pachI jamInanA mAlikane aDadhA aDadha ane keTaleka ThekANe rura mA lAga maLatA. paNa upara kahevAi gayuM che te pramANe. heranu tamAma kharca, mAlane pANI pAvA sArU taLAvA vagerenuM kharaca temaja lANInu kharca je bhAremAM bhAre-te tamAma kharca jamInanA mAlikane mAthe hatuM. uttaranA bhAgamAM sAthI haLa hAMkanArAe mezamanA karAre, tAkara rahetA ane temane rUA. 5 thI 20 sudhI agAuthI apAtA, ane ATalI rakama pUrI thAya tyAM sudhI teAkarI karatA. dakSiNa bhAgamAM mAlanA bhAga vilana kSaNa rIte pADavAmAM AvatA. jamInanA mAlika pahelAM khI eva uN le, ane bAkI je rahe tene OM nA bhAga; dahADIAne bAkIne trIjo bhAga. DuMgaramAM vasati jAte hiMdunA karatAM khetInI kALajI rAkhavAmAM ane udyogamAM kamatI, ane pIvAmAM vadhAre AsativALI che. paNa A DuMgarI jAtAmAM uttaranA le! jo ke strI purUSa banne pIvAmAM bahu jabarAM tApaNu dakSiNanA leAkeA karatAM udyAgamAM caDhIyAtAM. A leAkeAmAM mAla upA vavAnI rIta paNa vilakSaNa che. DuMgarAnA addharamAM ahvara DhaLAva upara paththa rAnI vaccenI mATImAM be traNa AMgaLa uMDAM ghara pADe. A dareka daramAM seLabheLa karelA dANAnA DhagalAmAMthI je Ave tenA dazakhAra kaNa nAMkhe; ane mahine mahine jema jema ane je je dANA ugatA jAya tema tema te te laNAtA jAya; paNa kapAsa ta uttaranA lokeAja pakavatA, dakSiNanA leAkeA nahi.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 19 badhI nA kAMtavAne baMdha karatI. 16000 strIo kAMtavAnuM kAma karatI, ane dareka strInI cokhkhI pedAza (kapAsanI kiMmata bAda karatAM) rU. 4-8-0 sarerAsa thatI. A upaja kuTuMbanI AvakamAM umerAtI. mAtra rezama vaNavAnuM kAma koI karatuM nahi. bhAgalapuranI AsapAsamAM rezama ane sUtaranA mizraNanuM rAsAra kApaDa banatuM. temAM 3275 zALo kAme lAgelI hatI. "bAphatA ane namunA" nAmathI oLakhatA kApaDa mATe kampanInA AratIAo bAre mahine rU. 10000 daza hajAra agAuthI ApatA, mizraNanA dhaMdhAmAM rokAyelA vaNakaranI vArSika pedAza mAthA dITha rU. 46 thatI. A sivAya strIonI pedAza jUdI, sUtarAu kApaDa vaNavAne 779 zALA hatI. 1 zALa dITha rU. 20 thI 40 nI upaja thatI hatI. bIjI gaNatrIe A dhaMdhAmAM eka strI purUSanI upaja rU. 32-0-0 jeTalI AvatI. sutarAu zataraMjIo, kinArIo, taMbunAM deraDAM, chIMTa ane kAmaLIA jIllAmAM banatI hatI. A jIllAnA bIjA dhaMdhA nIce pramANe jADA kAcanI baMgaDIo, cAmaDuM keLavavAnuM, lakhaMDa kAma, sutAra kAma, kuMbhAra kAma, paththara kApavAnuM, kAma, sonA rUpAna kAma ane kalainuM kAma. yuropiyana khetIvALA gaLI vAvavAne baMdha karatA; pedA thatuM te badhuM kampanI kharIdI letI. baMgALA karatAM bajAranI rIta ahIM ochI jovAmAM Ave che. leke dukAnadAro ane vepArI sAthe sIdhe vahevAra karatA, sonuM te tadana adazya thaI gayuM hatuM. kalakattAnA kaLadAra rUpiyAnuM sAdhAraNa calaNa hatuM, ane jUdI jUdI jAtanA tAMbAnA sikkA paNa vaparAtA. "A dezanA dakSiNanA pazcima bhAgamAM 'sikkA kvacit jovAmAM Ave che, ane ghaNuM kharo vepAra mAlanA adalA badalAthI ja cAle che." A chalAmAM nadIthI bahu mAla AvajA karato nathI. meM dhIrathI

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20 prakaraNa 5 mu kalakattA sudhI traNaseM mAila cheTe 100 maNanuM bhADu rU. 10 thI 14 che. ghaNAMkharAM mulaka vepAra baLadanAM gADAMthI ke baLadanI poDhAthI cAle che. A jIllAmAM mAtra ekaja dhArI saDaka che. kalakattethI paTaNA ane banArasanI, paNa te varasAdanA dahADAmAM pADAne mATe paNa nakAmI che. baLakriyAvALA vepArI ghaNA che. musApharA ghaNu karIne page cAlIne musApharI kare che ane rAtre koinI dukAnomAM rAta dITha rAMdhavA suddhAMtanA paisA be paisA ApIne ArAma le che; sIdhuM sAmAnanA paisA jUdA Ape che. musalamAna musA ne mATe bhaThIyArA pAse khAsa rasAi karAvavI paDatI hovAthI temane bamaNu Apavu paDe che. jIllA gArakhapura, (kSetraphaLa 7423 cArasa mAila; vasati 1385495. ) A jIllAmAM keTalAka bhageAmAM DAMgerA pAka thatA nathI teApaNuM ekadara DAMgeranA pAka A jIllAnA mukhya pAka che; ane eve ThekANe thAya che ke jyAM kRtrima rIte pANI pAvAnI jarUra nathI. ahI A sauthI vadhAre jaththA ghauM nA thAya che ane keTaleka ThekANe to DAMgera karatAM paNa vadhAre thAya che. ghauM ane javanu mizraNa ghaNuM sAdhAraNa rIte vavAya che. keTaleka ThekANe ghauM ane telanAM bInu mizraNa ane keTaleka ThekANe java ane vaTANAnuM mizraNa kurIte vavAya che. ziyALu mAlamAM aDada, caNA, maga, masura, ane vaTANA sAdhAraNa che. keTalAka bhAjIpAlA ane tisI, tala, rAi vagere paNa tela mATe vavAya che. kapAsa ghaNA gheADA vistAramAM. khAreka ane mauDA khAMDanA rasa mATe ane zelaDI 1600 ekaramAM pakavAya che. taMbAku ane pAnane pAka dhaNA che. paNu kampanIe aphINanA jIMDavAnuM vAvetara baMdha karyuM che. khetareAmAM nadIomAM, nherAmAM, taLAvo ane khAmeAcIyAMmAMthI DALa vaDe pANI pavAya che. daza mANusA maLI rAjanAM traNathI pAMca hajAra cArasa

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihuAsa. 221 phITa jamIna pAi zake che. keTaleka ThekANe DhArathI kheMcAtA kAsa vaDe pANI pAya che. sAMtha mATe bhAga rAkaDathI apAya che, ane keTaleka ThekANe va bhAga paNa kaDhAya che, jyAM bhAgavaTI che tyAM jamInanA mAlekane khetInuM tamAma kharca bAda karatAM je rahe temAMthI ceAthe| bhAga apAya che. gArakhapura jIllA sujAuddIlAnA vakhatamAM AbAda sthitimAM hatA, paNa asAdelAnA vakhatamAM karnela leTanI pAse vasulAtaneA adhikAra AvyA tyAre jakharAi ane hulaDathI pAyamAla thai gayA hatA. chevaTe 1801nA tahathI te jIlllA kampanIne seAMpI devAmAM AvyA hRtA. A vAta upara AvI gai che; temaja ahI nA leAkeA temaja A prAntanA bIjA ThThAe sAthe acaLa jamAbandI karavAnuM vacana lArDa velllInI sarakAra ApI cUkI hatI te paNa upara jaNAvyuM che. DA. bukanane I Mgreja sarakAranA hAthamAM A jIlle gayA pachI daze varSe enI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI tenI nIce pramANe hakIkata Ape che. ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke sujAudIllAnA vakhatamAM A jIllA AbAda sthitimAM hatA. atyAranA karatAM ghaNI vadhAre sArI sthitimAM. paNa jyArathI karnala henrInA hAthamAM iArAnA hakathI hivaTa AvyA tyArathI te gRhasthe vasulAtane mATe evAM sakhta pagalAM bharyAM ke dezanI vasati badhI bhAgI gai. ane mane paNa atyAre jyAM ujaDa ane jaMgala che tyAM prathama sArI khetI haze evAM cinhA mAlama paDe che. jyAre A derA IMgrejane ApI devAmAM AvyA tyAre prathama vahivaTa mejar rUTaleja nAmanA eka amaladArane soMpavAmAM AvyA hatA. te gRhasthe bahu DApaNu ane tejathI kAma lIdhuM. tarataja teNe tamAma kIllA tADI nAMkhyA, ane te rIte kAyadAnuM sAmrAjya vartAvyuM. halakI kAmanA leAkeAne zAnti a|, je temaNe pahelAM kadI jANelI nahIM; ane tethI dareka prAntamAMthI vasati AvavA lAgI. prathama te| A gRhasthe vasulAtanI mAgaNI bahu mAkasara rAkhI hatI, paNa bhUla e thaI ke teNe jamAbandInA TharAva bahu TuMkI mudatane mATe karyAM.

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222 " prakaraNa 5 muM. ekaMdara mane ema jaNAya che ke A jIllAnA jamInanA mAliko upara bahu sakhtAI gujare che. jyAM agADI tamAma jamIna kheDavANa che, tyAM baMgALa bihAra ane banArasanI peThe kAyamanI jamAbandI karavI evo mAro abhiprAya che. ahIM pAchuM enuM eja ApaNuM jUnuM nANuM. kampanIne jyAM jyAM amala thayA tyAM zAnti ane kAyadAnuM sAmrAjya paheluM sthapAyuM, paNa jamIna upara bhAre ane vadhatA jato kara paze. uttara hiMdustAnamAM keTalAka dasakAthI vakhate vakhatanI paradezIonI savArIo ane jAnA vakhatanI luMTaphATanA karatAM Igreja vasulAtI adhikArIne hAtha vadhAre sakhta jaNa hatA. 175600 strIo kAMtavAne baMdha karatI. dareka varSa dahADe ra rUpiyA raLatI. vaNakaronAM 5434 kuTuMbe hatAM temanAmAM 6114 zALA hatI ane dareka zALa upara rU. 23-8-0 cokhkhI kamANI thatI. DA, bukananane ema lAgyuM hatuM ke A gaNatrI khoTI che, ane ema mAnatA ke sAla dITha rU. 36 te maLavA joie. navAba gaMjamAM chIMTa thatI ane sthAnika khapa mATe dhAbaLo paNa vaNAtA. anAja ayodhyAnA navAbanA mulakamAMthI ghaNuM AvatuM, ane nepALanA mulakamAMthI paNa kaMI AvatuM. khAMDa ane taMbAku sarAna jIllAmAMthI ane bIje ThekANethI maMgAvAtAM. hAthIdAMta ane tAMbAnA ThAma nepALamAMthI AvatAM. ane paTaNAthI pittaLa ane kAMsAnAM vAsaNo AvatAM. mAla lAvavA laI javAno dha sthitivALA vepArIo karatA athavA piThavALAo ke gADAvALA karatA. khAparI A vepArIo kApaDa maMgAvI tene vepAra karatA, vaNajhArAo mIThAne vepAra karatA ane nunIyA loko tene chuTaka vepAra karatA, vANIyA dANAne chuTaka vepAra karatA. kapAsanA vepArIo pAsa maMgAvatA ane vecatA ane mahAjana leke kheDune sAtha bharavA mATe nANuM joIe te, ane jamInadArone sarakArane jamA bharavA mATe nANuM joIe te, dhIratA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 223 - -- - - zAhAbAda, lakhane ane banArasamAM eka sAptAhika bajAra bharAtuM. calaNa rUpiyAnuM hatuM paNa kalakattAne rUpiye bahu javAmAM Ave te mATe sthAnika tAMbA nANuM baMdha karyuM hatuM. nepALanuM tAMbA nANuM paNa baMdha karyuM hatuM nepALanuM tAMbA nANuM sAmAnya vaparAsamAM hatuM ane keDI paNa calaNamAM kAma AvatI. gorakhapuranA eka sAdhue lokanA upayoga mATe keTaleka ThekANe sArA pu bAMdhyA hatA. gerakhapura, bhAvapura, lAlagaMja, mAdharamAM ema cAra sadAvrata hatAM. dInAnapura jIlle. (kSetraphaLa 5374 cerasa mAIla; vasati 3000000) A jIllAmAM paNa sahuthI agatyane pAka DAMgerano hato. keTalIka jamInamAM DAMgaranI be phasale levAtI. eka unALAnI Akhara ane bIjI phiyALAmAM. eka berI nAmanI trIjI jAtanI DAMgera gheDI thoDI vavAtI ane tenI phasala vasaMtamAM levAtI. unALu DAMgera vAvI uMcANa jamInamAM khAtara nAMkhavAmAM AvatuM, ane rAI vagere ziyALu mAla paNa thatA. nIcANanI jamInamAM khAtarane khapa paDato na hato, ane temAMthI mAtra eka phasala levAtI. strIo gheNakIe vatI DAMgera khAMDatI ane 40 zera DAMgaramAMthI 20 zerakhA nIkaLatA. | dInAkapuramAM ghauM ane javane pAka cheDe hato; ane halakI jamInamAM bharUo thato. kalaI, khesarI, masura, vaTANuM ane dALa e paNa thatAM. rAI sarasava vagere tela kADhavAnA padArtho paNa thatA. kerI AMbalI vagere phala jhADanA bagIcAmAM lagabhaga 37000 ekara jamIna raMdhAyelI hatI. ane 83000 ekara jamIna zAkabhAjImAM hatI. zaNa 13000 ekara jamIna, kapAsa 8000 ekaramAM, resA 5000

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224 prakaraNa 5 muM. mAM ane zelaDI 8000 ekaramAM vavAtI. pa00 mAM taMbAku ane 200 mAM pAnanuM vAvetara thatuM. raMgane mATe gaLI ane kasuMbAnAM vAvetara thatAM. gaLImAM pa000 ekara kAyalA ane gaLI pakavavAnI rIta atyAre baMgALAmAM je cAle che teja hatI. dareka kheDutane pitAnA kaTakAnA eka bhAgamAM gaLI vAvavAnI yuropiyana bagIcAvALA pharaja pADatA. mahA nadInA kinArAthI eka mAIlanI aMdara AMbA, vaDa ane pIpaLAnI umadA jhADIonI vacce rezamanA kIDAne mATe malaberInAM vAvetara thatAM. kampanInA vepArI AratIyA kezeTAne mATe agAuthI nANAM ApatA. pItanI khetI sAdhAraNa hatI, topaNa jeTalI joIe teTalI sAdhAraNa nahi. taLAnI saMkhyA paNa A jIllAmAM moTI hatI. ghaNAomAM pANInAM veNu hatAM tethI pANIno jaththo hamezAM pUrata rahe. jyAre jyAre varasAdanI taMgI hoya tyAre A taLAvanuM saraNa levAtuM. A chalAmAM 480000 cAra lAkha eMsI hajAra haLa hatAM eTale 960000 baLada ane gAya thaI cUkI ane te uparAMta 336 000 bIjI gAyo paNa hatI. 261 corasa mAIla jeTalI comAsAmAM boLANa jatI jamIna gocarane mATe hatI. A jamInamAM ziyALAmAM jADuM ghAsa thatuM. te sivAya 221 mAIlanuM jaMgala, 300 mAIlano kharAbo ane 650 mAIla jeTalI jamIna vakhate kheDAya vakhate na kheDAya. pAMcamAMthI cothA bhAganI te hamezAM paDataraja rahe. A badhI vyAvahArika rIte gecaranI jamIna hatI. gocarane mATe kAMI paNa sAtha levAmAM AvatI nahi, tema jyAM maMla na hoya tevA kaI paNa kaTakAmAM jatAM aTakAvAtI na hatI. keTalAka kheDuto pAse 55 ekara sudhI jamIna hatI. paNa temanI khetI bahu kahevAtI. 15 thI 20 ekara vALA sukhI sthitimAM rahetA ane kheDutonA jhAjhA bhAganI 5 thI 10 ekara

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa.* 225 ekaranI ja khetI hatI. khetInuM kharaca upajathI aradha karatAM vadhAre ApavuM paDatuM. A jIllAnA moTA bhAgamAM kheDutone jAthakanA paTAthI jamIna ApavAmAM AvI hatI, ane ghaNe ThekANe to je dasa varSane avicchinna kabaje thayo te mAmulI hakathI hamezane mATe te jamIna rAkhavAne teo haka karatA. sutara kAMtavuM e A jIllAnI moTI kArIgarI hatI ane temAM moTA gharanI strIo ane kheDutonA gharanI strIo navarAzane vakhata gALatI. pAchale pahore rU kAMtavAmAM dareka strIne traNathI cha rUpiyAnI vArSika upaja thatI. kAMtanArIo A jIllAmAM ekaMdara 250000 aDhI lAkha rUpiyAnuM rU kAMtatI. tenuM je sutara thatuM tenI kiMmata 1165070 agiyAra lAkha pAMsaTha hajhAra rUpiyA thatI, eTale strIone naphe ekaMdara 915000 nava lAkha paMdara hajAra athavA lagabhaga dasa lAkha rUpiyA thavA jAya. mAladAi kApaDa mAladAmAM thatuM mATe mAladAI kahevAtuM. vANe rezama ane tANe sutara hoya che. A kAma upara cAra hajAra sAla hatI. dareka sAla upara mahIne vIsa rUpiyAnI kiMmatanuM kApaDa thatuM. DA. bukanananA dhAravA pramANe A gaNatrI ghaNI moTI hatI. Aphrio sALAmAM elAyacA nAmanA kApaDanA tAkA thatA ane kampanInA nokaro Ane mATe agAuthI nANuM ApatA. tamAma rezamanuM kApaDa mAladAnI AsapAsamAM thatuM. temAM vaNakaranAM 500 gharanI rojI hatI. kula mAla 12,000 eka lAkha vIsa hajArane nIpaja. sutarAu kApaDa vadhAre agatyanuM hatuM. AkhA jIllAmAM maLIne 1674000 seLa lAkha ste ra hajAranuM sutarAu kApaDa pedA thatuM. koca, pile ane rAjavaMzI leka pitAnI vaparAza mATe-zaNanuM kApaDa kADhatA. ghaNAM kharAM kuTuMbamAM sALa hoyaja ane te upara strIo pAchalA pahAramAM kAma karatI, 15

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221 prakaraNa 5 muM. sutarAu kApaDa upara bharata kAma karavAnuM kAma musalamAna strIo karatI. kApaDa upara cAlatI vele athavA cIkaNanI buTTIo bharavAmAM AvatI. keTalIka musalamAna strIo pAyajAmAnAM athavA keTIA ane kaDAne mATe nADa banAvatI. vaNavAnA dhaMdhAnI sAthe raMgano agatyano dhaMdhe joDAyeluM hatuM. gaLI, lAkha, kasuMba, maskI, haritakI, ane majITha vigere phulane raMga taiyAra karavAmAM upayoga thato. ghara bAMdhavAnuM kAma, kuMbhAra kAma, caTAInuM kAma, sanInuM kAma, mecIkAma, sutAra kaDIAnuM kAma, tAMbA kalaInAM vAsaNanuM kAma, lakhaMDa kAma, khAMDa banAvavAnuM kAma, ane gaLI banAvavAnuM kAma e A jIllAnA mukhya dhaMdhA hatA. chellA dhaMdhAnI bAbatamAM yuropiyana bagIcAvALAo sAme pharyAdane prasaMga AvyA hatA. temanA upara lokanA aNagamAnAM De. bukanane nIcenA ATha kAraNe Ape che - . (1) bagIcAvALAo mALIone pitAnA gulAma jevA gaNe che, ane jyAre jyAre temanA upara nArAja thAya tyAre tyAre temane mAre che ane keda kare che. (2) mALIone temanI jamInanuM mApa karavAmAM ane melanuM mApa karavAmAM chetare che. (3) khetaranI tamAma upaja je devuM paDe tenA karatAM vadhAre thatI nathI. (4) bagIcAvALAo uddhata ane ugra mijAjanA che. (5) vasulAtanA kAmamAM teo vacamAM paDe che. (6) teo rAjyakartAnI nAtanA che. (7) jamInadAronI vasulAta teo aTakAve che, ane (4) kheDuta khetInA kAmamAM harakata kare che. De. bukanananA abhiprAya pramANe A de che ke ghaNIvAra atiza. ekita bharelI hatI paNa pAyA vinAnI hatI ema nahi hatuM; paNa emano abhi

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 227 prAya evo hato ke yuropiyanane navA paravAnA na ApavA, ane jeo pitAnI vartaNuMka mATe kampanIne javAbadAra na hoya tevAone mukhya zahera ane baMdaromAMja rahevAnI pharaja pADavI. A bAbatamAM vadhatI jatI ane aniSTatAne aTakAvavA mATe kampanI sarakAre je pagalAM bharyA tene ahevAla have pachI ApavAmAM Avaze. A jIllAno ghaNe kharo vepAra svadezI vepArIonA hAthamAMthI kampanI sarakAranA hAthamAM jato rahyo che. atyAre pUrvanA jevo eka paNa sodAgara A jIllAmAM nathI. e dhaMdhAmAM eka kuTuMbe ghaNI mIlakata pedA karI hatI, ane navI peDhI sudhI vaMghanAtha maMDaLanA bApadAdAo, moTI AbarU sAthe paMthe kheDatA hatA. e peDhInA atyAranA vaDAe e dhaMdhe choDI dIdho che, ane jamInanI bhAre kharIdI karI che tethI enA bApadAdAonI jeTalI AbarU hatI teTalI ja enI atyAre nAlezI thAya che. ' mahAjana leka-be hajArathI pacIza hajAra sudhInI muDIvALAo-je A jIllAmAM rahe che teo cokhA, khAMDa, goLa, tela ane taMbAku bahAragAma mokale che, ane mIThuM, kapAsa, tAMbApitaLa ane tejAnA maMgAve che. AkhA jIllAmAM Azare 2000 dukAno che, paNa khullAM bajAra saMkhyAbaMdha bharAya che. AthI nAnA vepArIo paikAra kahevAya che. tenuM AchuM thaI gayuM che. kalakattAnA kaladAra rUpiyAnuM jhAjhuM calaNa che ane keDI paNa calaNamAM vaparAya che. varasAdanA dahADAmAM ghaNAM kharAM gAmaDAMo sAthe machavAthI vahevAra cAle che. paNa lAvajA karavAne vepAra te vakhate bahu na hatuM. sukI mosamamAM baLadaAnI poThethI vepAra cAle che, kAraNa ke rastAo bIlakula nathI. machavAemAM 100 maNa mAla rU. 13 nA bhADe kalakate laI javAya che. gADAMonuM cha gAune mATe aradhA rUpiyAthI kaMIka ochuM bhADuM paDe che.

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228 prakaraNa 5 muM. puNyA le. " A jIllAmAM caitrI DAMgara, unALu DAMgara ane zIyALu DAMgara e traNa jAtanI thAya che. 70 zera DAMgaramAMthI ukALyA vinA cokhA kahADe te 40 zera cokhA nIkaLe che. jyAre DAMgerane bAphIne cokhA kahADe che tyAre 65 zeramAMthI 40 zera cekhA jaDe che. DAMgera khAMDavA mATe strIo ahIM paNa gheNakI vApare che. * dInajapura karatAM ahIM ghauM bahu vaparAya che. java kheDyA vinA vAve che ane garIba leke te ja vApare che. marUo paNa bahu vaparAya che. khAsa karIne kesanI pazcime makAI, vagere paNa uge che. kaThoLamAM masakalAI khasarI aDada bhUta kalathI ane maga ghaNo vaparAya che. rAI tIsI, seraDI paNa pAke che. 28000 ekaramAM zAkabhAjI uge che. " zaNuM resAne mATe vAve che. kapAsa bahu thoDe thAya che. zelaDI kAnakAI nadIne kAMThe kAMThe vadhAre thAya che. jIllAmAM je taMbAku pAke che tene aradhe bhAga te mukhya zaheranA paravADAmAMja pAke che. pAna paNa eka agatyanI vastu che paNa dInajapuranA karatAM ahI eno upayoga ocho che. * A jIllAnA agni koNamAM mI. IgaraTananA tAbAmAM 17 satara gAmanAM kArakhAnAM hatAM ane bIjA bhAgomAM bIjA pacAseka kArakhAnAM haze. pUrvanA jIlAo karatAM AMhI kasuMbo vadhAre upagano che. malaberI A jIllAnA agni keNamAM ja ugADe che. - maicarane mATe A jIllAmAM 234 cerasa mAIla uMcANanI paDatara jamIna, 482 mAila kheDavANa vinAnI bIjI jamIna ane 186 mAila khuNuM khacakA ane vATanI jamIna che. A sivAya 389rasa mAIla bIjI jamIna jALonI ane vIDInI che. uparAMta DIsembara ane jAnyuArImAM DAMgara

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 229 pAka laI lIdhA pachI tenA khetaronI DAMgaranI pALa eka umadA sAdhana che, to paNa A jIllAnA Dhorane mATe ATalI jamIna basa nathI; ane nepAla - sarakAranuM meraMganuM jaMgala paNa upayogamAM Ave che, ane ahIM pAMcasethI chasenA eka ToLA mATe gurakhA amaladArane eka vAchaDo carAI tarIke Apavo paDe che. keTalAka bhAgamAM jamInadAra bIjI rIte custahiMdu che te paNa carAI kheDutanI sAthe judI judI rIta pramANe judA judA pramANamAM levAya che. paNa aradha khetInA bhAga mATe juduM kADavAmAM Ave che, ane bAkInA adhibhAMthI aradha khetIne cekhA naphA mATe kADhatAM jamInadArane mATe zuM rahetuM haze te ApaNe samajI zakIe ane, ATaluM paNa tene maLatuM nathI. ' - DA. bukanana kula upajane cotho bhAga yogya sAMtha gaNutA, paNa pUrNiyAnI jamInadAro baMgALAnA bIjA jamInadAranI mAphaka ghaNuM thoDuM letA; ane Aja arasAmAM kampanInA nekaro madrAsanA loko pAsethI upajanA aDadha jeTaluM sarakAra haka tarIke vasula karatA. kAMtavAnuM kAma koIpaNa nAtamAM halakuM manAtuM nahIM ane A jIllAnI strIone moTo bhAga navarAzanI vakhate kAMtavAnuM kAma karatI. AmanA naphAno aMdAja kADhave DA. bukananane bahu muzkela paDyo hato, paNa emaNe ema aTakaLa karI hatI ke varSe dahADe teo traNa lAkhanuM sutara kAMtatI hatI. kAMtelA ataranI kiMmata teralAkha thavA jatI eTale temane mATe daza lAkhano naphe raheto. tadana rezamanuM kApaDa 200 sAlomAM vaNatuM. temAM mAla 48600 rUpivA. AmAM kAcu rezama rU. 34ra00 nuM khapatuM eTale vaNakaromAM 14400 rUpiyAne na rahetA. Ama dareka sAladITha rU. 7ra varSe dahADe napho raheto. garabhasutara kApaDa vaNanArAonI sthiti lagabhaga dInajarUranA sara bIja hatI.

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230 prakaraNa 5 muM. sutaranuM vaNanAra ghaNA hatA ane teo ghaNuM karIne jADuM kApaDa gAmaDAMenAja upayoganuM kahADatA. 3500 sALo jhINuM kAmamAM kAma karatI ane temAM 506000 nuM kApaDa banatuM teno cokhkho napho 14000 no eTale sAladITha rU. 43 thatA. jADA kApaDanI dasa hajAra sALAmAM rU. 1089500 nuM kApaDa tene khe naphe rU. 324000 eTale sAladITha varSe rU. 32-8-1, segaMjI vaNanArA mukhya zaheramAMja maLI AvatA. zaNanuM jADuM kApaDa ghaNuM pedA thatuM ane pUrva taraphanI ghaNI strIo paheravA sArU A kApaDa vaparAzamAM letI. dhAbaLA ane unanuM kApaDa jADuM hatuM, paNa te garIba lokone varasAdamAM ane ziyALAmAM bahu kAma AvatuM. sonI, suthAra, kaMsArA, luvAra, raMgareja e mukhya dhaMdhAdhArIo A jIllAmAM hatA. khAMDa banAvavAvALA narama paDI gayA hatA. pAMcase kuTuMba mIThuM pakavatAM. 3, pazcima hiMdustAnamAMthI AvatuM. khAMDa dInapura ane paTanAmAMthI AvatI. pUNiyAnA zarAphenI sAta peDhI hatI. teo huMDAo ApatA ane letA. sone rUpano moTo jatho je kAIne joIto hoya to te A peDhIomAMthI maLI zakati. jagatuM zeThanI peDhI lAkha rUpiyA sudhInI eka huDI zikAratI. bIjI peDhIo ethI aradhI rakamathI vadhArenI huMDI zIkArI zake nahi. jUnA karakarI vagaranA sikkA paNa kalakattAnA kaladAra sikkA jeTalA vaparAtA. " AvA atyaMta garIba mulakamAM sonA nANuM garIba lekene bahu herAna kare che ane mArA namra abhiprAya pramANe ekadama baMdha karavuM joIe. A dezamAM eka rUpiyo paNa moTI rakama che. sAre bhAgye nuM tadana adazya thaI gayuM che ane have pharIthI tene bajAramAM calaNI nANA tarIke AvavA devuM joIe nahi. A jIllAnA moTA bhAgamAM rUpAnuM ane keDInuM calaNa che pazcima tarapha paisA-eka rUpiyAne rAThame bhAga- tenuM zaheLuM calaNa che paNa

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 231 je dezamAM be paisA eka mANasanA khorAkane mATe basa thAya che tevA dezamAM A nANuM paNa bhAre che." A jIllAmAM pANI dvArA lAvavA laI javAnuM ThIka hatuM ane dInajapura karatAM machavAno upayoga vadhAre thato. semaNa mAla kalakatte laI ja hoya to tenA rU. 14-0-0 paDatA. mukhya zahero pAse ane gaLInA kArakhAnAnI AsapAsa thoDIka saDake bAMdhavAmAM AvelI hatI. bhAra lAvavA laI javAmAM Ta6 ane baLada kAme lagADAtAM. zrImaMte musApharone mATe AzrayanI soi karI ApatA. muDI athavA kadanI dukAnamAM rahevAnuM ane bhajananuM maLatuM. upasaMhAra. A sivAyanA raMgapura ane AsAmanA hevAla apUrNa che; ane temAM khetI sAMtha, ane vepAra dhaMdhA saMbaMdhe mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI nathI. uparanA hevAlathI jaNAze ke leke bahu garIba hatA paNa vairana hesTiMgsanA vakhata pachI khetI sajIvana thaI hatI; ane jAthukana dara nakkI thayA pachI ghaNI jamIna eDavAmAM lIdhI hatI. jamInadAre je kheDu pAsethI sAtha jeTalI laI zakAya teTalI levAne rAja hatA te paNa teo aMgreja sarakAra madrAsamAM jeTaluM letA teTaluM temanI pAsethI letA nahIM. apavAda rUpe kadI teo cAkhI upajane eTale khetInuM kharaca bAda karatAM rahe tene aDadha bhAga levAnA dAva rAkhatA paNa temAM teo pANI kAmanuM tamAma kharaca ApavAne pite baMdhAyelA che, ema mAnatA. sAmA. nya rIte baMgALAmAM upajano tho bhAga jamInadAro sAMtha tarIke letA ane sarakAranI mahesula hamezane mATe mukarara thaI gayelI hatI. ane ghaNe ThekANe sAMtha rIvAjathI niyata thayelI hatI, eTale sudhArA karavAne ane varasa ja te paDatara jamInane khetI nIce lAvavAne joie teTaluM pretsAhana hatuM. .

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prakaraNa 5mu . paNa lAkanI pedAzane khare| bhaya vepAra dhaMdhAnI dazA utaratI jatI hatI tenAthI hatA. DA. bukanana je je jagAe gayA che tyAMnI ghaNI jagAmAM AnI asara jaNAvA lAgI hatI. te pachI te sa kaMTa vadhavA mAMDayuM hatuM. A hakIkata upara ApaNe AgaLa AvIzu. mI. barDa ane uttaraha damAM jamAmantrI 1822-1835. 232 laeNnDarDa viliyama enTinyu 1828 mAM hiMdustAnanA gavarnara janarala tarIke AvyeA. AnA jevA hiMdanA sArce mitra isTa inDiyA kampanIe kadI mekalyuM! na hatA. teNe uttarahadanI mulAkAta lIdhI ane je joyuM tenu adhi chAtrI sabhAnA eka patramAM nIce pramANe varNana Ape cheH 2. ApanI mAnavaMtI sabhA jANe che ke pazcimanA mulakAnI mulAkAta levAnA mArA mukhya hetu 1882 nA dhArA pramANe cAlatI jamAba ndInu kAma kevI rIte cAleche te mArI jAte joine te kAma jhaDapathI calAvavAnuM bane ke kema athavA A5nAmadAranI sabhAe nirdhArelI leAkeAnI AbAdI soMpA dana karavAne bIjuM kaMi thai zake ema che ke kema tenI khAtrI karavAnA hatA. 4. " je amaladArA A kAma upara goThavavAmAM AvyA che temanAmAM uma'manI ke buddhinI khAmI mArA jovAmAM AvI nahiM tepaNu mAre Apa nAmadArane jaNAvavu. joSTae ke kAraNa game te hoya paNu jamAbandInuM kAma jarApaNa AgaLa vadhyuM nathI, 51 66 8. ApanA tA. 9 mI phebruArInA kharItAnA 58 mA peregrAph vAMcIne mane ghaNA sa tASa thayAche. temAM Ape lAMbA paTAnI jarUra svIkArI che ane jamAkhandInu kAma jaladIthI pAra pADavAne tathA kheDuta varganA hakakAnuM saMrakSaNa karavA mATe Ape je rasto matAvyo che te mArA abhiprAyane ghaNe aMze maLatA che,

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a briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 233 Aja varSamAM mahesula sabhAne lakhelA eka patramAM lorDa viliyama benki 1822 nI jamAbandI niSphaLa javAnAM kAraNe vistArathI batAvyAM che; eMzI TakA jeTale haka teNe nApasaMda karyo, ane kharI hIMmata dharIne temAM ghaTADo karavAnuM teNe sUcavyuM. te lakhe che ke dhArAmAM sarakAra jamAnA vIsa TakA jeTalI rakama jamInadArane mATe rahevI joIe e TharAva che paNa amArA samAjanA pramANe A kAma uparanA tamAma amaladArono abhiprAya che ke sarakAra jamAnI ochAmAM ochA trIzathI pAMtrIsa TakA jeTalI rakama te jamInadArane rahevI ja joIe ane chevaTe ATaluM te che ke A 2kamamAMthIja jamInanA sudhArAnI muDI to nIkaLavAnI." vaLI sAMtha ugharANInuM kharaca kApIne A AMkaDo kADhavAmAM AvyuM che. cokhI upaja upara enI gaNatrI mUkavAmAM Ave che. jamInadAranA lAbhamAM je je rakamo bAda karavAnI hoya te mukarara karavAno amAro irAdo che. ane je pramANagya gaNAya te hisAbe paNa je rakama khetInI upajamAMthI jamInadAranA lAbhamAM bAda karavAnI yogya jaNAya te badhI ekatra karavI ke jethI atyAre judA judA amaladAronI marajI pramANe bAda karavAmAM Ave che tenA karatAM eka dhAraNa rahe ane sarvatra sarakhI rIte sarvane bAda apAya e vadhAre iSTa che. te uparathI jaNAze ke 1831 nI sAlamAM te benTika navI jamAbandInAM mukhya dhoraNe samajI gayo hate. te e ke (1) lAMbA paTA je jamInadAra ane kheDutane sudhArA karavA mATe taka Apa-ane (2) mAphakasara sarakAra haka ke jethI jamInanI upajanuM kaMIka pramANa emanA hAthamAM rahe. bIjI je bAbata gavarnara janarale hAthamAM lIdhI hatI te uttara hiMdustAna nanI grAma saMsthAonA saraMkSaNanI hatI. A bAbata sara cArla meTakA je gavarnara janaralanI sabhAnA sabhAsada hatA, ane jeo pAchaLathI kAmacalAu gavanara janarala thayA hatA temaNe 1930 nI sAlanI prakhyAta miniTamAM bahu bhAra mUkIne pratipAdana karI hatI, A miniTanuM pramANu vAraMvAra apAya che. -

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234 prakaraNa 5 mu. sara cArlsa meTakAphanI miniTa, grAmapUgA e nAnAM prajAsattAka rAjya jevA che. dhaNuM kharU je beie te badhuM temAM maLI Ave che ane paranI sAthe saMbaMdhanI ka! jarUra nathI. jyAM kaMipaNa TakI na zake tyAM te TakI rahetA jaNAya che. eka pachI eka vaMze gagaDatA jAya che. eka pachI eka rAjyaparivartI thaye jAya che. vArApharatI hiMdu, paThANu, meghala, marAThA, zIkha, IMgrejonI bAdazAhatA thAya che paNa grAmapUgA enA eja che. sa`kuTanI vakhatamAM tee hathIAra dhAraNa kare che, zatrunuM lazkara temanA pradezamAM thaIne cAlyuM jAya. grAmapUrgA peAtAnAM Dhora peAtAnA gAmanA gaDhamAM pUrI de che ane duzmanane khIjavyA vinA tene raste javA de che. jo temanA sAme lUTaphATa calAvavAmAM Ave ane duzmananA baLa sAme TakI zakAya tema na hoya teA teo dAstIvALAM gAmeAmAM bharAi jAya che; paNa jyAre tAkAna jatuM rahe tyAre pAchA potAnA gAmAmAM Ave che, ane sahu sahune dhaMdhA saMbhALI le che. jo koi deza ghaNAM varSo sudhI lUTaphATanA pajhAmAM rahe te te gAmeAmAM jaladI vastI na bharAya paNa Akhare jyAre tAkAna zAnta thAya tyAre leAkA peAtAnAM gAma vasAvyA vinA rahe nahi. eka jamAne jatA rahe te khIjo jamAnA paNa AvIne rahe, zakarA bApanI jagA le. gAmataLIuM tenuM teja rahe, gharanI jagAe paNa tenI teja. jamIneA paNa tenI teja. je vakhate gAma ujajaDa thayuM' te vakhate ghara bAra sImanA saMbadhamAM jemanI je sthiti hAya tenI te sthiti temanA vaMzajone mATe phAyama rahe che. najIvAM kAraNeAthI te temA gAma ujjaDa kare paNa nahi, kAraNake ghaNIvAra te teAphAnanA vakhatamAM potAnu dhara sAcavI rahe che ane lUTADha ane julamane haThAvI zake teTalI satithI sAmA thai jAya che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. - 265 A nAnAM nAnAM prajAsattAka rAjyo jevAM grAmapUgonI ekatAne lIdhe hiMdanA leka ATalAM badhA tophAne ane rAjyaparivarte seMsarA nIkaLI gayA che. A lokasaMsthA ghaNe aMze svataMtratAno upabhoga ApavA ane sukhI rAkhavAne zakitavAna nIvaDI che, tethI mArI evI IcchA che ke A grAmapUgone jarApaNa koI divasa herAna karavA nahi. je kAMi A grAma saMsthAone teDI pADe evuM hoya te badhAnI mane vhIka lAge che. mane dhAstI che ke AkhA grAmapuganI sAthe mukhInI mAraphata mahesulano baMdebasta karavAne badale pratyeka kheDuta sAthe baMdobasta karavAthI grAmapUga tUTI jaze. Aja kAraNa mATe ane A eka kAraNa mATe pazcimanA jIllAomAM yatavArI jamAbandI dAkhala karavAne huM rAjI nathI. madrAsa ane muMbaImAM gAmAtanI saMsthA baMdha paDavAmAM raiyatavArI jamAdI kAraNa hatuM ema mAnavAmAM sara cArlsa meTApha kharo hatA. jyAre jamAbandIno baMdobasta dareka kheDu joDe thAya tyAre grAma saMsthAno mukhya hetu enI meLe baMdha paDI jAya. gAmAtAnuM mukhya projana baMdha karIne temane jIvana tI rAkhavAnA mana ane ophisTananA yatna niSphaLa gayA hatA. uttara hiMdustAnamAM paNa chellAM sittera varSamAM tevA kAraNathI gAmAte baMdha paDI gaI che. briTiza sarakAre pazcimanA vicArone vaza thaIne jamInadAra athavA mukhIonI jAtane mahesula bharavA mATe javAbadAra gaNI-ane kALe karIne teo jamInadAra ane javAbadAra mahesula bharanArA thayA ane gAmAte naSTa thaI. pazcimanI rItane anusarIne ane tamAma nyAya ane kAryabhArane pitAnA amaladAronA hAthamAM rAkhavAmAM gAmAtAnI pAsethI te sattA laI lIdhI ane tene lIdhe gAmAte mULamAMthI kApI nAMkhelAM jhADa jema paDI bhAge tema paDI bhAgI. A svarAjyanA prAcIna ravarUpane sAcavI rAkhavAnI aMtaHkaraNanI IcachA chatAM mane epharaTana ane meTApha temAM saphaLa thayA nahi; kAraNa ke A

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236 prakaraNa 5 mu. . nAnAM prajAsattAka rAjyamAMthI temaNe svarAjyanI sattA khuMcavI lIdhI ane tamAma satA pitAnI dIvAnI korTomAM ane kAryabhArI amaladAronA hAthamAM mUkI ane lekamAM kaMi vizvAsa rAkhe nahi. hiMdamAM briTIza rAjyanuM je atyaMta duHkhadAyaka pariNAma thayuM te e ke grAma svarAjyanI paddhati je hiMdamAM pahela vahelI upacaya pAmI hatI ane jagatamAM sahuthI vadhAre vakhata sudhI TakI hatI, te nAbuda thaI gaI. | daramiyAna lorDa viliyama benTike potAnA maMtrIo ane ravinya sabhA vagerenI sAthe masalata karIne pitAnI yojanA taiyAra karI; ane pitAnA pramukhapada nIce alAhabAdamAM amaladAronI eka pariSada bharI, 1833 no navamo dhAro e A pariSadanuM phaLa hatuM. uttara hiMdustAnanI jamAbandIne A dhAro mULa pAyo che. A dhArAthI nyAya khAtAmAM paDI rahelA makadamAone moTo bhAga jamAbandI khAtAmAM mokalAvI dIdho. upaja ane jamAnA aDasaTTA karavAnuM sAdu dharaNa svIkAryuM, ane judA judA magaranI jamIna mATe judA judA dara TharAvavAnuM dhoraNa dAkhala karyuM. khetaranA nakazA ane kSetrapothIne sAmAnya upayoga paNa A dhArAthI ja zarU thayAM. sarakAra hakka kula upajamAM be bhAga jeTalo TharAvyo. 1833 thI 1849 nI sAla sudhI A jamAba-dI TharAvavAnuM kAma cAlyuM; ane A vakhate 30 varSanA paTA karavAmAM AvyA. - A moTA kAmane adhikAra eka bahuja lAyaka gRhasthanA hAthamAM mUkAche hato. te gRhasthanuM nAma robarTa mArTisabarDa hatuM. teo prathama eka nyAyAdhIza hatA, ane nyAyAdhikArI tarIke temane maLelI tAlIme jamAbandInA vyavasthApaka tarIke temane vadhAre lAyaka banAvyA hatA. 184ra mAM te lakhe che ke A nibaMdhanA moTA bhAganI yojanA mArI pitAnI ja hatI. mULa te te nyAya khAtAnA eka nibaMdhanA rUpamAM hatI ane mane pitAne A kAma eNpavAmAM Avaze ema kadI mArA dhAravAmAM na hatuM,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 237 eka nyAyakhAtAnA amaladArane vyavahAramAM upayogI thAya tevI yojanAo ghaDavAno adhikAranI rUie thoDAja prasaMga Ave che, tethI gorakhapura vibhAganI jamAbandInuM kAma karavA sArU je vakhate mane ravinyu kamIzanaranI jagA ApavA mAMDI te vakhate atyaMta utsAhathI te jagA svIkArI lIdhI; kAraNake mane mArA pitAnA abhiprAyone prayogathI karavAnuM ane mArA pitAnA hetuone amalamAM mUkavAnuM A sahaja sAdhana hatuM. tamArA manamAM khAtrI hatI ke jamAbaMdI karAvavAnI sAthe khAnagI hade paNa evI rIte nirNata thaI zake ane evAM dhoraNo dAkhala karI zakAya ke jethI khetIvADInI paDI bhAgelI sthiti sudharI zake. AvA hetuthI meM gorakhapuramAM kAma zarU karyuM. bIje varSe mahUma lerDa vilyama benki mArA jIllAmAM AvI gayA. mArI yojanAonA saMbaMdhamAM mArI sAthe khulAsA sAthe carcA karI ane pitAnA hukamathI A bAbatamAM meM temanI sAthe sIdhe patravyavahAra paNa rAkhyo hato. enuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke 1832 mAM vAyavya prAMtanI jamAbandIne uparIpaNAnuM tamAma kAma mArA upara AvyuM. ekaMdara huM ema dhAruM chuM ke, samatola, vAjabI ane sarakhI jamAba-dI, lekanA hAthamAM nANuno sa graha thavAmAM harakata na Ave ane khetI. vADInI AbAdI vadhatI jAya tevI jamAbandI, je laI zakAya ane jeTalI levI joIe tevI ja TharAvavAmAM AvI che. ahIMyAM agADI vAyavya prAntanA judA judA jIllAomAM cAlelA ja. mAbandInA kAmane savistara itihAsa ApavAnI jarUra nathI, paNa tenuM phaLa nIcenA mi. barDana patraka uparathI mAlama paDe che.

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238 "9 jIle ,, "D "" dIlhI-vibhAga .. jIllAnu nAma ile .. .. 13 hariyANA dilhI rAhataka mirata vibhAga * prakaraNa 5 mu kula kSetraphaLa kheDavANa jamIna ekara ekara 1657975 364534 84468; guragAma 1160437 saharAnapura 118705 mujaphranagara 691706 bhArata 1776430 bulandazahara 102502} aligaDha 1119278 rAhilakha'Da vibhAga jIlle bijanApura 1027533 surAdAbAda nathI. 696147 174605 474465 }47353 103401} 52630 900562 * kheDavANa jamIna upara sarakArane dara 459409 nathI 0-14-4 -1-3 1-5-2 606847 1-10-6 392307 1-11-2 1-9-0 2-1-2 1-9-2 1-410 2-2-10 nathI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. chale divAna badavAna 1450418 752103 1-7 pilabIra nathI nathI 2-0-1 1-15-7 barelI || 1116 174 639579 zAhajAnapura | 1309211 651502 1-9-0. AgrA vibhAga ulle, mathurA nathI nathI , AgrA 935815 646818 - 2-5 1247288 614253 pharakAbAda , maithanapurI | | 1280927 613422 2 4-0 ITAvA 1071756 4778 01 1487,795 782271 | 2-1 alAhAbAda vibhAga >> jale kAnapura * phatehapura che, alAhAbAda 980584 506905 2-12-9 1790244 1 997508 2-2-6

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244 prakaraNa 5 muM. banArasa vibhAga chale gerakapura Ajhama gaDha 41152 14 1927234 1- 1-3 1-15-4 | 16pa293 773616 oNbarTa be hiMdustAna choDayuM tyAM sudhInA temanA kAmane A sArAMza hata. daza varSa pachI jyAre temanI hAusa oNpha komansanI silekTa kamiTI rUbarU jubAnI lIdhI tyAre temaNe nIce pramANe khulAse ryo hato - pahelI jamInanI mApaNI karavI zarU karI; te pachI khetaranA nakazA karyA, te pachI eka sArA keLavAyelA amaladAra pAse sImAonI rItasara mApaNI karAvI. AthI kheDavANa ane kharAbAnI khabara paDe ane rItasara sAmAnya mApaNuthI gAma sImane AkAra kevo che tenI paNa khabara paDe. te pachI te tamAma pradezanA upara sarakAra haka kevI rIte TharAve te vicAra karavAmAM Avyo te pachI e AkhA pradeza upara sarakAra hakakeTalo mUko tene nirNaya thAya tyAre gAma dITha keTale TharAva tene vicAra thAya, e pachI lekenI rajuvAta thAya. ghaNuM karIne tyAM lokonI sAthe khetaramAM ja ke jhADa nIce ja masalata thAya. ghaNI vakhata vAMdhA levAmAM AveH "A bahu bhAre che," "mArUM gAma ATaluM ApI zake tema nathI," "A gAma garIba che" vagere. pachI teone kahevAmAM Ave ke "amAre te A AkhA pradezamAMthI ATaluM levAnuM che temAM tamArA bhAge je Ave che te tame ApI zake tema nahota kayuM gAma vadhAre ApI zake ema che ema tamAre batAvavuM joIe." A uparathI pachI teo pitapotAmAM te bAbatanI carcA kare.... AkhA pradeza upara je jamAbandI mukarara karI hoya tene custa thaIne vaLagI rahevAnuM nathI,

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika ItihAsa. amAro e hetu paNa nahatuM. je kAraNa mAlama paDe te te rakama ochI karavA ame taiyAra hatA paNa AkhI rakama eka sAmaTI mukarara karavAne hetu e hatuM ke lekone ja pitAnI bAbatamAM tapAsa karavAnuM mana thAya ane temane satevAkAraka thAya tevI goThavaNa upara teo potAnI meLe ja AvI jAya. A barTa baDe pite varNavelI rIta kheDa khAMpaNa vinAnI che ema te kahI zakAya tema nathI, paNa muMbaInI rIta karatAM te vadhAre sArI hatI. muMbAImAM te golDaphinca kahe che tema sarakAra dareka khetara upara jamAlandI TharAve ane kheDue kAMti te jamAdI upara e khetara rAkhavuM athavA kADhI nAMkhavuM. upaja ane sarakAra hakkanuM pramANa zuM che? e praznanA javAbamAM mi baDe kahyuM ke mAruM sAmAnya mAnavuM evuM che ke dazamA bhAga karatAM vadhAre nahIM ane temaNe vadhAre umeryuM ke madrAsa ane bIjA bhAgamAM suprasiddha che ke jamALandI pahelethI bahu uMcI mukarara karavAmAM AvI che ane tethI loko nirdhana thatA jAya che. robarTa baDe hiMdustAna choDyuM te vakhate teNe AraMbheluM kAma lagabhaga pUruM thayuM hatuM, ane tenI dekharekha eka bIjA lAyaka amaladArane seMpavAmAM AvI hatI. 1843 thI 1853 sudhI jemsa Tomesana vAyavya prAMtanA ve. gavarnara hatA. teo ghaNAja mAyALu ane paropakArI hatA. temaNe 1844 mAM seTalamenTa adhikArIone mATe sUcanAo ghaDI kahADI ke je A bAbatanA dhArAono pahelavahele saMgraha che. ghaNAM varSa sudhI A dhAro mukhya pramANe manAte, tenI prastAvanAmAM nIcenAM dhoraNo niyata karavAmAM AvyAM che. - 1. dezamAM tamAma vasativALA mulakanA cokasa sImAovALA mahAla pADavAmAM AvyA che. dareka mahala upara vIsa athavA trIsa varSane mATe jamAnA eka rakama mukarara karavAmAM AvI che. tenI gaNatrI evA dhoraNe karavAmAM AvI che ke jamInanI khI upajamAMthI amuka naphe rahI zake. ema dhAravuM ke 16.

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prakaraNa 5 muM. A ja vaikhatasara ApavA mATe jamIna sarakArane hamezane mATe maMDANa che. 2. na levAne kANu hakadAra che te paNa nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM che. AvI rIte mukarara karelo haka vecI zakAya tevuM ane vArasAmAM utare te che. te haka jemane heya-te jamInanA mAlIka gaNAya che, ane temanI pAse mahAlanI jamA varSa niyamasara Ape javAnA karAra karAvI levAmAM Ave che. : 3. mahAlanA dareka mAlIke-ekAju te ekAmate sarakAranI jamA ApavAne baMdhAyelA che ema gaNavAmAM Ave che. uttara hiMdustAnamAM lerDa vilyama benTijenuM zarU kareluM A mahAna kArya pUruM karavAmAM mesanane daza varSa lAgyAM. benkine jema meTakApha, Trevelyana ane mekole jevA madadagAra hatA, tema mesane paNa jene lerensa, robarTa menTagemAre ave vilyama mura jevA, sahAyaka taiyAra karyA hatA. temane badhAne lokanAM hita mATe zrama levAnI leDa vilyama benTikanI sidicchA rahetI hatI. mesananA daza varSanA zubha zramanI iMglaMDamAM kadara thaI ane 1853 nA sapTembaranI 27 mI tArIkhe tene madrAsane gavarnara nIkhe, paNa A kadara bahumeDI thaI. teja divase tA. 27 mI sapTembara 1857 ne reja mesana je mulakanA lokonI sevAmAM potAnA jIvanano eka bhAga arpaNa karyo hati teja mulakamAM behastanazIna thayo. be varSa pachI sarakAra haka kamI karavAnI beTinkanI nItinA sArApaNAne purA maLe. teNe ekhI upajanA be bhAga trIja eTale sarakAra haze karAvyuM hatuM. paNa ATale dara paNa Akaro ane avyavahArya jaNAya hate. leDa DelAhasInA amala daramiyAna prasiddha saharAnapuranA niyamothI khI upaja aDadha bhAga jeTalo sarakAra haka rAkhavo ema mukarara karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. - - "eka mahAlanI magadUra ekasAIthI mukarara thaI zake nahi, paNa sarAsarI paSmI upaja keTalI Ave che te prathama kastAM have nirNata thaI zake tema che.

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briTiza hidustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. 2. AnAthI vakhate vadhAre paDatA AkAra TharAvAya kAraNa ke lAMbA varSoMnA gALAmAM upajanA chAsaThe TakA loka ApI zake nahi. ATalA mATe sarakAra evA TharAva upara AvI che ke sarAsarI ceAkhI upajanA 50 TakAe sarakAra hadanI maryAdA bAMdhavI, Ane arthe evA nathI ke sarAsarI ceAkhkhI upajanA pacAsa TakAe sarakAra hu mukarara karavA, paNa bIjI badhI bAbate dhyAnamAM levAnI sAthe A vAta paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavI ke sarakAra hu je thAya te sarerAza cAkhkhI upajanA aDadhanI AsapAsa hovA joie. chAsA TakAnI AsapAsa nahi. "" "" ardhA saikA sudhI vAraMvAra bhUleA karyA pachI sarakAre Asare cAkhI upajanA pacAsa TakAnI hada TharAvI atyAre A dhAraNa jyAM yAvaccandradivA kare| jamA nathI tyAM sArvatrika che. madrAsa ane muMba%0mAM sara cArlsa vuDanA 1864 nA kharItAthI Arthika renTa nA aradha pramANa jeTalA sarakAra haka mukarara karavAmAM AvyA che. saharAnapuranA niyamekramAM paNa 1855 nA niyamA pramANe aradhane TharAva thayA che. A dhAraNane sakhtAithI ane pramANikapaNe vaLagI rahevAmAM Ave te hiMdustAnanI sarakArane dhA lAbha thAya. . . paNa jyAM leAkAne kAM avAja ja nathI ane mahesulanA adhikArIonA hAthamAM mahesulI nIti che, tyAM spaSTa hukamAnA athA tANI kheMcIne karavAmAM Ave che athavA khATA artho thAya che ke jethI niyamA kArANe mUkAya che. madrAsa ane muMbaimAM A kevI rIte thayuM hatuM te khIje ThekANe varNavyu che, leDa kaini Mge te| AkhA hiMdustAnamAM yAvaccandra divAkara jamALadI karavAnI darakhAsta 1862 mAM karI hatI. tene lerDa lerensa, sara cArlse vuDa ane sara sTe narthakArTa TakA ApyA hatA, paNa Akhare 1884 mAM te ra6 gai. saharAnapuranA dhArA paNu revinyu adhikArIe amalamAM AvavA detA nathI. te dhArAonA artha tA spaSTa che. sarAsarI ceppI upa janA pacAsa TakAthI vadhAre sarakAra hakka na hovA oie evu te dhArAonuM

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EY prakaraNa . ceAkhkhu dheAraNa che; paNa amala karatI vakhate A dhArAneA arthe bhaviSyanI lekhkhI upaja evA karavAmAM Ave che. kAi mahAlanI cokhkhI upaja 12000 rUpiyA hoya teA sarakAra hu 6500 ke 7000 sudhI AkArAya kAraNa ke jate dahADe mahAlanI upaja bhaviSyamAM 13000 ke 14000 rUpiyA sudhI pahoMce. vaLI jamInane AkAra cokhkhI upajanA 50 TakA jeTaleja hAvA joie ema che chatAM, keLavaNI, pAsTa ApIsa vigere addala navA kareA nAkhavAmAM Ave che ane te AkAranA pramANamAM AkAravAmAM Ave che, ane tethI karIne jamIna upajatA sarakArano bhAga vadhe che. A zuM kahevu judu ane karavuM juduM evI rAjanIti nathI, ? prakaraNa 6 huM. ~~*030:0 udyoganI paDatI. 1796-1813 ogaNIsamA saikAnA pahelA dasakA sudhI te hiMdustAnanA lAke tareha tarehanA dhadhA rAjagAra karatA hatA te ApaNe pAchaLa joi gayA. vaNavAne dhaMdhA sarva sAdhAraNa hatA. lAkhA strIe sutara kAMtIne gujarAna calAvatI; ane ra'gavAne, cAmaDAM keLavavAnA, kasArAnA, e badhA dhaMdhA lAkhA mANase ne rAjI ApatA hatA. paraMtu isTa inDiyA kampanInI rAjyanIti hiMdanA udyAgAne khIlavavAnI na hatI. cheka 1769 nI sAlamAM isTa inDiyA. kampanInA adhiSThAtAoe rezamu

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. ra4 mAla pedA karavAnuM maMda pADI nAMkhavAnI ane kAcu rezama pedA karavAne udyoga vadhAravAnI icchA batAvI hatI ane temaNe evI paNa IcchA batAvI hatI ke rezama vIMTanArAone sarakAranA hukamathI sarakArI kArakhAnAmAM ja kAma karavA pharaja pADavI ane bIje kaMI kAma karavA manAI karavI. A hukamanI dhArelI asara thaI. rezama ane sutaranA mAlanI pedAza hiMdamAM maMdImAM paDatI cAlI, ane je leke prathama A mAla purepa ane eziyAnA bajAramAM mokalatA hatA te have tyAMthI kharIdavA lAgyA. nIcenA patraka uparathI vIsa varSomAM IMglethI je sutarAu mAla Avyo te jaNAI Avaze. 1794... pAunDa 156 1404, pa06 1785 17 179 1797 112 2501 1798. .. 4436 1788 7317 1805, 31943 140 485ra 5 1807, 46549 188 69841 189.... 118408 1810 . 74695 1811 - 114649 1812 107306 1813 19824 1800 19575 21200 1801 1802 16191 1893 27896 !

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upakaraNa . kampanIne paTe 1813 mAM tAjo karavAmAM AvyuM, paNa tAjo karI ApatA pahelAM tajavIja karavAmAM AvI hatI, ane ghaNuM sAkSio tapAsyA hatA. A vakhate vaeNna hesTiMgsa, Tomasa mane ane sara jona mAlakama jevA sAkSionI jubAnIo thaI hatI ane AmanI sabhAe hiMdanA lekone mATe ghaNu lAgaNI batAvI hatI; paNa hiMdustAnanA ugenA saMbaMdhamAM tene badale briTiza mAla kevI rIte dAkhala thAya ane hiMdanA udyogonuM game te thAya paNa briTiza udyoga hiMdane mATe kevI rIte khIle te zodhI kADhavAnI temane mukhya darakAra hatI. * pAchalA ardhA saikAmAM hiMdamAM bhayaMkara duSkALo uparAuparI AvI gayA hatA. A tajavIja thaI te ja varSamAM eka dukALa muMbaI ilAkAne ujajaDa karate hate. baMgALa ane madrAsamAM tamAma dhaMdhA rojagAra naSTa thaI gayo hato. paNa hiMdI prajAnI AbAdI thAya tevAM dhananAM sAdhano sajIvana karavAnI bAbatamAM eka paNa prazna keIe pUcho hoya ema A moTAM thothAMomAM jevAmAM AvatuM nathI, paraMtu briTiza mAla hiMdustAnamAM kevI rIte baLathI paNa dAkhala kare tenI pharI pharIne zodha thatI jovAmAM Ave che. vairna hesTiMgsane savAla pUchyuM hato ke - - "hiMdustAnanA lekenA svabhAvathI ane rItabhAtathI tame vAkepha che; te tame ema dhAro cho ke hiMdustAnanA leke potAnA upayoga mATe yurepanA mAlanI mAgaNI karavA taiyAra thavAno saMbhava che? ' javAba-vepAranuM mukhya prayojana lokonI jarUrIyAta ane temanA mojazekhanI cIjo pUrI pADavAnuM che. hiMdanA garIba lokone kaMI jarUrIyAtaja nathI ema kahI zakAya. temanI jarUrIyAto mAba-rahevA mATe ghara, zarIra nirvAha mATe anna, zarIra DhAMkavA mATe kaMIka kapaDAM-eTalI ja che ane A badhI vastue te je jamIna upara teo hAla cAle che temAMthI temane maLI zake che."

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. raNa sara jona mAlakama je ApaNe dezanA lekemAM ghaNuM rahyA hatA ane jemanA jeTaluM ApaNuM saMbaMdhe jJAna bIjA koI aMgrejane bhAgyeja haze te ApaNuM zIla svabhAva sadaguNane mATe uMco purAvo Ape che. uttara hiMdustAnanA saMbaMdhamAM belatAM te lakhAve che ke, "hiMduo sAmAnya rIte UMcA kadane mATe jeTalA prakhyAta nathI teTalA keTalAka uttama mAnasika guNone mATe prakhyAta che. teo bahAdura, udAra ane dayAvALA che, ane temanuM satyavaktava temanI hIMmatanA jeTaluM ja avadheya che." pachI teo briTiza mAla vAparaze ke kema te saMbaMdhe savAla pUchatAM sara jaina mAlkama javAba Ape che ke "teo yuropIyana mAla vApare evo saMbhavana kAraNake emanI sAdI rItabhAta chatAM teone kadAca jarUra paDe ema mAnIe tepaNa temanI pAse te kharIdavAnAM sAdhana nathI." grIma mara-jemaNe isTa inDiyA kampanInI DAkaTara tarIke ane ravinyu ane poliTikala khAtAmAM nokarI karI hatI, teo bhAratavarSanA lekanuM Ama varNana Ape che - teo svabhAve narama che. rItabhAtamAM saphAIdAra che, adhikArIonA AjJApAlaka che, potAnA dharmazAstranA paramabhakata che, ane temAM upadezelAM vratAdika karmo karavAmAM teo gaphalata karatA nathI." ane yuropIyana mAla dAkhala thavAnA saMbhavanI bAbatamAM teo lakhAve che ke lorDa vesalIe rohIlakhaMDamAM briTiza mAla pradarzita karavA sArU meLA bharIne-ane haradvAranA meLAmAM tevAja hetuthI briTiza resiDanTane hAjara thavAne hukama karIne tema karavA prayatna karyo hato. paNa sahuthI vadhAre agatyane sAkSi sara Tomasa mane hato. A prakhyAta skoca gRhasthanA purAvAmAM pahelethI chelle sudhI 27 varSanI kArakIrdi daramiyAna

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prakaraNa 6 huM. je lekA-rAdhana parAyaNatA ane bIjA saddaguNe dekhAyA hatA te zabdezabda ApaNane jaNAya che. mane kahe che ke, khetIvADInA daDIAnI dADI sarAsarI mahinAne 4 zAlIMgathI 6 zIlIMga che. ane nirvAhanuM kharaca sarerAza mAthA dITha varasa dahADe 18 zIlIMgathI 27 zIlIMga thavA jAya che laMDane unane mAla hiM, kamAM khapavA kAMI saMbhava nathI, kAraNake leke pitAnAM banAvelAM jADAM unanAM kapaDAM vApare che, teo mAla pedA karavAmAM bahu huzIAra che, ane briTiza hAlanuM anukaraNa karavAnI temanAmAM zakti che. hiMdu strIo temanA svAminI gAma che ke kema? te savAlanA javAbamAM manAe kahyuM ke "ahIMnI strI ne pitAnA kuTuMbamAM jeTalo pratApa che eTale ja temane paNa temanA kuTuMbamAM tyAM AgaLa che." ane pachI hiMduone sudhAre khullAM bajAra karyo vadhavA saMbhava che ke kema-tenA javAbamAM prasiddha javAba Ape che ke "hiMduone sudhAro e zabdathI tame zuM kahevA mAge che te huM samajato nathI. padArthavidhAnI hacI zALAomAM, rAjyanItizAstra ane rAjayavyavasthAnA vahIvaTamAM, ane mananA vahema ane bhAtio dUra karI game te dvArethI jJAna saMpAdana karavA rUpa keLavaNImAM teo yuropiyanathI utaratA che; paNa khetInI sArI paddhati, mAla pedA karavAnI anupama kuzaLatA, sagavaDa athavA mojazokhane mATe je joIe te utpanna karavAnI zakita, lakhavA vAMcavA ane lekhAMnuM jJAna ApavA sArU dareka gAmaDAMmAM sthApavAmAM AvelI zALAo temanI ane dharmAdAnI vRttinA AtithyanI ane dharmAdAnI vRtti ane strIo, sukumAra vartaNuka e badhAM je sudharelA lokenAM cinha hoya to hiMduo yuropanA lake karatAM utaratA nathI, ane je be dezo vacce sudhArAne vepAra thaI zake te heya te huM dhAruM chuM ke Izvene tyAMthI AyAta karavAmAM vadhAre phAyado thaze

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika ItihAsa 24ha pitAnA vakhatanI hiMdanI kArIgarI mATe mane bahu UMce abhiprAya hato. briTiza mAla hiMdamAM phelAto aTake che tenuM kAraNa pUchatAM te khulAse kare che ke tenuM kAraNa " lokonI dhArmika ane sAMsArika vyavahAranI rItabhAta-ane bIjA badhA karatAM vadhAre sabaLa huM dhAruM chuM ke temanA pitAnA bhAvanI sarasAI hindI eka zAla meM sAta varSa sudhI vAparI hatI, ane teTalA lAMbA vaparAza pachI meM temAM kAMI paNa phera ja na hatA ane iMglaMDamAM thatI tenA anukaraNanI zAlonA saMbaMdhamAM teNe kahyuM ke, mane maphata Ape te paNa mane vAparavAnuM mana thAya tevI yuropiyana zAla hajI meM joI nathI. ' A sivAya eka bIjA sAzinA purAvAnI paNa noMdha levI joIe. sara jona cinI: isTa inDiyA kaMpanIne nyAya khAtAnA nokara hatA, baMgAlAnA anDara sekreTarI Tu gavarmenTa hatA. temaNe purAve Apyo ke "hiMdI majura mahIne sADAtraNa zIlIgathI sADAsAta zilIMga kamAya che. AvI prajA briTiza mAtra zI rIte vAparI zake ! huM nathI dhArate ke teo sAmAnya vaparAzamAM koI vakhate anAyAse sastAM maLI jAma-tevAM halakAM unanAM kApaDa banAta vagere sivAya kaMIpaNa yuropanI cIja vAparatA hoya. " AvI tarehanI tajavIjano hetu cha samajAI jAya che. bIjAne mATe pitAnA svArthano tyAga kare e manuSya svabhAva nathI; ane ogaNIsamA saikAnI zarUAtamAM briTiza rAjapue bhAratavarSanA udyogonI pAyamAlI karI potAnA dezanA uge utkRSTa karavA jeTaluM banyuM teTaluM karavA cUkyA nathI. kampanInA gavarnara janarala ane AratIyA mAraphata hiMdustAnamAM briTiza mAlane vaparAza parANe dAkhala karyo ane iMglaMDamAM atizaya bhAre jakAta nAMkhIne hiMdI bhAlane dAkhala thavA dIdhuM nahi. jaina renkinga nAmanA vepArInI jubAnI upara A bAbata spaSTa samajI zakAya che. sa. "IsTa InDiyA hAusa' mAM je mAla vecAya che tenA upara keTalA TakA jakAta che te tame kahI zakaze?

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- - prakaraNuka huM. - ja. (1) kelIkonA upara AyAta jakAta 3 pAuMDa 6 zi. 8 pensa che ane je dezamAM vaparAzane mATe levAmAM Ave te seMkaDe 68 pAuMDa 6 zi8 pensa jakAta che. (2) maslIna upara AyAta jakAta daza TakA che, paNa dezanA vaparAzane mATe levAmAM Ave te, 27 pAuMDa 6 ziliMga 8 pensa che. (3) raMgelo mAla A dezamAM vAparavAnI ja baMdhI che. te phakta bIje deza caDhAvavAne mATe ja ahIM Ave che. tenA upara paNa 3 pAMDa6 ziliMga 8 pensa jakAta che. pArlAmenTanI A beThakamAM vaLI AnA upara bIjI vIsa TakA jakAta nAkhavAmAM AvI che. A jakAta jethI have keliko upara 78 pA. 6 zi. 8 pa. ane mastIna upara 3 pA. zi. 8 pe. jeTalI jakAta thaze. A jakAtane khare hetu chUpAvavAne koI kAraNa na hatuM. teja sAkSI AgaLa jatAM kahe che ke-A jakAta ApaNuM pitAne mAlane uttejana ApavA mATe anugrAhaka jakAta che ema huM mAnuM chuM. bhAratavarSanI kArIgarI upara A bhAre jakAtanI zI asara thaI ? hani ena jena Takara, jenuM nAma uttara hiMdustAnanI jamAbandInA saMbaMdhamAM pAchaLa AvI gayuM che te IgleMDa gayA pachI IsTa InDiyA kampanInA adhiSThAta maMDaLamAM adhikAra pAmyA hatA. teNe iMglaMDanI hiMdutAna taraphanI vyApArI rAjyanItinAM prayojana ane asara khullAM karIne batAvI ApyAM hatAM. uparanI pArlAmenTanI tajavIja pachI dara varSe 1823 mAM lakhatAM te kahe che ke - - A dezamAM hiMdustAna tarapha je vyApArI rItI ApaNe dAkhala karI che te zI che? tyAMne rezamana ane garabhasutarU mAla ghaNAM varSathI ApaNuM bajAramAMthI bAtala thaI gayo che. ane hAlamAM, 67 TakA jeTalI jakAtane lIdhe, temaja UMcA prakAranI yAMtrika pejanAthI, ApaNe sutarAu kApaDa je atyAra

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briTiza hiMdustAnane sudhI inDiyAnA mukhya mAla hatA te, A dezamAMthI bAtala karyoche eTalu ja nahi paNa ApanA mAla keTalAka jathAmAM hiMdustAna meAkalAvIe chIe, AvI rIte bhAratavarSa eka kArIgarIne mulaka maTI khetIvADIne mulaka thai gayAche, AthI vadhAre bhAradAra abhiprAya hiMdustAnanA itihAsakAra heresa vilsana sAhebane che. "ApaNA Azraya nIce AvelA hiMdustAnane karelA nukazAnanA A paNu eka bahu zeAkajanaka dAkhalA che. 1813 nI tajavIjamAM evI jubAnI paDI hatI ke hiMdustAnaneA sutarAu ane rezamI mAla iMglaMDamAM banelA tevA mAlane mukAbale pacAsa sATha TakA eochI kiMmate IMgleMDanA bajAramAM vecI zakAtA. AthI tenI kiMmata upara 70-80 TakA jakAta nAMkhavAnI athavA tevA mAlane tadana pratibaMdha karavAnI jarUra paDI. jo A pramANe na thayuM hata, AvI pratibaMdhaka jakAta nAkhavAmAM na AvI hata te| pejhalI ane mencesTaranI milela zarUvAtamAMja aMdha thai hata, ane pAchaLathI varALanI madadathI paNa ubhI thavA pAmI hata nahi. hiMdanI kArIgarIne bhAge tenI utpatti thai hatI. je bhAratavarSa svataMtra hata te! teNe briTIza mAla upara pratiba dhaka jakAta nAMkhI sAmeA dAva vALyA hata, ene tevI rIte peAtAnI kArIgarInI pAyamAlI aTakAvI hata. A AtmarakSaNanuM kRtya tenAthI khanI zake tema nahatuM. te deza paradezInA hAthamAM hatA. kaMi paNa jakAta vinA briTiza mAla parANe tenA mAthA upara mAravAmAM AvyA hatA ane paradezI vepArIe je harIpha sAthe dharma yuddhathI phAvI zakAya tema nahatuM tene dAbI nAkhavAne mATe ane pariNAme gu MgaLAvavAne mATe rAjakIya anyAyanuM hathiyAra vAparyuM." hiMdustAnanA mAlane dAkhI devA mATe iMglaMDamAM A rAjyanIti hAtha dharavAmAM AvI hatI tyAre hiMdustAnamAM svIkArelI paddhati paNa. kaSTa sudhAro kare tevI na hatI. dezanI upaja kampanInI kharIdImAM vaparAtI; nIcenI yAdI

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52 prakaraNa huM huM. uparathI keTalI rakama AvI rIte krAMipaNa tarehanA nA vinA yuropa mokalavA mATe mAla kharIdavAmAM vaparAtI te jAI Avaze -- varSe kharIdInI krimata. varSa kharIdInI kiMmata 1793-4 pAunDa 122010 1794-pa....12880pa9 1791-6...821512 1026-0... 1708379 1097-2,... 1025204 1792-9.....2019265 109-1800 16589 1800-1,... 2013972 18012... 1425168 1802-3,.....113352} 1803-4......1187097 1804-1......1088700 1805-kaeN......133146 * 1806-cha...* 986310 1807-2, 380119 1208-...1013740 1909-1* .1240315 1810-11 .96342 1811-12 ...1110909 ogaNIsa varSanuM kula 25134672 vArSika sarerAza. 13228077 A kharIdInI rIta nIce pramANe hatI. DirekaTarone keTalu joie chIe tenI khabara Ave, eTale hiMdustAnanI vyApArI rAjyasabhA jyAM jyAM mAla banetA hoya te kArakhAnAM upara te khabara mAkalAvI Ape. A kArakhAnAMonA sukhI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. ra53 o tAbAnAM kArakhAnAomAM te vehecI nAMkhe ane vaNakarone amuka divase te pramANe mAla taiyAra karavA sArU agAuthI nANAM levAne mATe bolAve. dareka vaNakarane je rakama apAya te tene khAte maMDAya ane je mAla te Ape te tene khAte jame thAya. je vaNakara bhAvamAM vAMdho nAMkhe te vepAra sabhA pitAnI buddhi pramANe nirNaya kare. 1813 nI kamiTie karelI tajavIjamAM paDela purAvAthI A rItamAM keTale durUpayoga thato hato te jaNAI Ave che. Tomasa mane kahI gayuM che ke bArAmahAlamAM kaMpanInA nekare badhA vaNakarone ekaThA kare, ane jyAM sudhI teo phakata kampanIne ja ApIzuM evo karAra na kare tyAM sudhI temane perAmAM rAkhe. ekavAra vaNakare aMga upara rakama lIdhI eTale javAbadArImAMthI te kadI mukta thAya nahi. je mAla ApatAM vilaMba thAya to tenA upara pera (mozala) mUkAya, ane tenA upara kerTamAM kAma paNa cAle. paTAvALAno pera (mozala) mUkAyo eTale vaNakara upara hamezanA eka AnAne daMDa; ane paTAvALAnA hAthamAM netaranI soTI ApavAmAM Ave, jene ghaNIvAra sadupayoga paNa thAya. ghaNIvAra vaNakaronA daMDa thAya ane daMDanI vasulAta sArU temanAM pItaLanAM vAsaNa japta thAya. AvI rIte vaNakaranI tamAma vasati kArakhAnAovAbAnA tAbAmAM thai gaI hatI. mi. kokasa lakhAve che ke je kArakhAnAM upara tenI dekharekha hatI temanA kuTuMba ane saMbaMdhIo sivAya-1500 vaNakara tenA ekalAnA tAbAmAM hatA - vaLI A vaNakara upara je amala calAvavAne tene AdhAre mAtra vahIvaTa upara na hatuM paNa teno kAyadAne paNa AdhAra hatuM. e kAyado ghaDavAmAM Avyo hato ke (1) koI vaNakara kampanI pAsethI agAuthI nANAM le te teNe kampanI sivAya bIjA koi dezI athavA yuropIyanane kampanI sAthe karAra karyo hoya te mAla Apa nahi, athavA tevA koIne mATe kaMI paNa mA

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54 - prakaraNa 6 . jurI paNa karavI nahi;(2) je mukarara kareluM kApaDa ApavAmAM gaphalata kare te mAla jaladI taiyAra karAvavA mATe AratIne tenA upara mozala mUvAne adhikAra ApavAmAM Avyo hata; (3) je te bIjA koIne mAla vece to tenA upara dIvAnI adAlatamAM phojadArI kAma calAvavuM. (4) je vaNakara pAse eka karatAM vadhAre sALa hoya, ane te eka athavA vadhAre majura rAkhIne kAma karAvate hoya te je karAra pramANe mAla na ApI zake te mukarara karelI kiMmatanA 35 TakA jeTale daMDa ApavAne te pAtra thAya. (5) tamAma jamInadAra ane kheDutene hukama karavAmAM Ave che ke temaNe kampanInA mANasone sALavI pAse javAmAM kaMIpaNa harakata karavI nahi. (6) ane kampanInA presiDanTa AratayA tarapha apamAnanI vartaNuMka kadI paNa calAvavI nahi, jyAre koI paNa kArIgarInA upara kAMIpaNu julama heya tyAre te AbAda thatI nathI, paNa AnuM mAThAmAM mAThuM pariNAma e hatuM ke kampanInAM mANase jyAre AvI sattA vAparatAM, tyAre bIjA yuropIyane AnA karatAM vadhAre sattA koIpaNa prakAranA aMkuza vinA vAparatA hatA. vaeNna hesTise kaheluM ke hiMdustAnamAM aMgreja eka judA ja mANasa che, eka aMgreja je gunhA IgalAMDamAM aMgrejanuM nAma karavAnI himmata paNa na dhare te gunhAne rakSaNa rUpa thAya che. - lorDa na mathe kaheluM ke yuropiyanane dezamAM vadhAre pracAra ane dezIo sAthe vadhAre saMvyavahAra thavAthI eka pariNAma e AvavAno saMbhava che ke temanAthI dezIonA zIlamAM kaMI sudhAro thaze nahi ane dezIonA manamAM yuropiyanane mATe je abhiprAya haze te halake thaI jaze.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. rUpa Tomasa manoe kaheluM ke, je vakhate A dezamAMthI inDiyA tarapha AvavA nIkaLe te vakhate vepArIonI rItabhAta zAnta hoya ke game tevI hoya temAM kAMI taphAvata paDatuM nathI, paNa jyAre teo hiMdustAnanA hAmAM thavAnI Teva vinAnA loko jemanA upara teo amala calAvI zake che, teonA samAgamamAM Ave che tyAre teo citaja zAnta rahe che. hiMdustAnamAM dareka vepArI, sarakAra sAthe kaMika saMbaMdhavALo gaNAya che. meM chellAM be traNa varSamAM sAMbhaLyuM che ke baMgALAmAM 1810 nI sAlamAM gaLInA vepAra karanAra khAnagI vepArIoe tyAMnA vatanIone keda karyA hatA. pitAnA mANasone bolAvI temanI sAthe laDAI karelI ane temAM ghaNuM ghAyala paNa thayelA. Tomasa siDanahema kahe che ke meM joyuM che ke aMgrejone bIjI raiyata karatAM bIjA dezomAM julama karavAnI Teva che; ane huM dhAruM chuM ke inDiyAmAM paNa temaja che. Igreja vepArIo eTalo badhe julama karatA ke sarakArane te saMbaMdhI hukama kADhavAnI jarUra jaNAI hatI. sane 1810nA 13 mI julAIne eka sarakayulara A pramANe che nIcenA cAra prakAranA gunhAo keTalAka upara sAbIta thaI cUkyA che. 1. julamanAM kRtye-je khunanI vyAkhyAmAM na Ave paNa jenAthI dezIenAM maraNa nIpajyAM heya. - 2. devuM patAvI levAnA ke evA koI hetuthI dezIone geravAjabI ane TakAyatamAM rAkhavA. . pitApitAnA kArakhAnAnA lokone ane bIjAone tephAna karavAnA IrAdAthI ekaThA karIne bIjAo sAthe mArAmArI karavI.

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prakaraNa } . 4. kheDu ane khIjA dezIone netaranI soTIthI kTakA mAravA athavA bIjI zikSA karavI, 25 ane A sarakyularamAM evA hukama karavAmAM AvyA hatA ke mejIsTreTa e haiDAneA nAza karavA, kheDuta upara phaTakA athavA khIjI gerakAyade zikSA thAya tenA riporTa karavA; ane sarakAranA hukamanu mAna na rAkhe to yurApiyana lekAne dezanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM vasavA devA nahi. eka bIje sarakayulara tA. 20 mI julAi sane 1910 nA rAjane evI matalabanA kADhavAmAM AvelA hatA ke je vepArIo gaLIyArA lokone prathamathI nANAM ApI temanI marajI virUddha maLI vAvavAnI pharaja pADe tevu kAMI khate te tenA riporTa karavA. paNu gaLAnA vepArIone julama khIjA pacAsa varSa sudhI cAlye ane jyAre bagALAnA leAkeA sAmA thayA tyAreja zAnta paDayA. 1859 nA gaLInA hulaDa pachI yurepiyana vepArIe gaLI vAvavAnA dhaMdhA karatA badha thai gayA. baMgALA meTeya nATakakAra dInabandhu mitre gaLI paNa nAmanuM nATaka cIne A dhaMdhAdArIone julama ughADA pADayA hatA. A graMthanu IMgrejImAM bhASAntara karavA mATe re. jemsa leAMgane kalakattAnI hAIkorTe daMDa ane kedanI zikSA karI hatI, ane pAchaLathI bUMgALAnA le. gavarnara thayelA ezalI iDananu nAma A julama aTakAvavAne mATe hajI upakAranI sAthe saMbhArAya che. . AsAmamAM cahAnu vAvetara karavA mATe majurA pUrA pADavAnA eka kAyade jene hiMdustAnanA lokeA ' gulAmI kAyado ' kahe che te hajI hiMdustAnamAM pracalita che. ajJAna strI purUSonI nukazAnInI kalameA sAthenA karAra upara sahIo karAvIne . amuka varSa mATe bAMdhI levAmAM Ave che. sa. 1901 mAM asAmanA eka cik kamizanara atyaMta Agraha chatAM cahAnA bagIcAmAM e leAkA rahe te daramiyAna vAjabI pagAra apAvavAmAM saphaLa thayA nathI; paNu have 1813 nI sAla taraph pAchA AvIe.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa, 257 1813 nI tajavIjathI hiMdustAnane kaMI paNa phAyado thayo nahi. pratibaMdhaka jakAto ochI thaI nahi. kampanInI kharIdI baMdha thaI nahi, ulaTuM AkhI sabhAnI kamiTie e maMjura karI. " uparanI upajamAMthI kharaca bAda karatAM kAMI vadhe te kampanIe kharI ! dImAM, kharIdI sArU nANAM mokalavAmAM, hiMdustAnamAMnuM karaja kamI karavAmAM, athavA kamizanaronI sabhAnI pasaMdagI sAthe DirekaTaronI sabhA je rIte vakhato vakhata hukama kare te pramANe vAparavuM." horesa visana lakhe che ke 1813 nI tajavIja daramiyAna hiMdustAnanA hitane mATe ciMtAnA zabdo puSkaLa vaparAyA hatA; paNa je pakSe A carcAmAM bhAga lIdho tenI moTI saMkhyA bhAratavarSanI prajAnA kalyANa mATe koIpaNa prakAranA svArtha vinA pravRtta thaI hatI ema kahevuM muzakIla che. saMyukata rAjyanA vepArIo ane kArakhAnAvALAonI mAtra potAnAja naphA upara najara hatI. 1813 nI pArlamenTanI tajavIja kharo hetu IMglaMDanAM kArakhAnAMvALAnA hitanI vRddhi karavAne hate. nepoliyana bonApArTa yuropa khaMDanA baMdaromAMthI briTIza mAla bAtala karyo hato, iMglaMDanA vepArIo ane kArakhAnAvALAo bhAre muzkelImAM AvI paDyA hatA jyAM sudhI iMglaMDanA mAlane mATe navI bajAra zodhI na kaDhAya tyAM sudhI te deza upara moTI Aphata AvI paDavAno saMbhava hato. A sthitimAM isTa inDiyA kaMpanInA ananyAdhikAra sAme aMgreja prajAno moTo pokAra ubho thayo, ane 1813 mAM jyAre temano paTo tAjo karyo tyAre kampanIno ananyAdhikAra rada karyo. A pramANe briTiza vepArIone bhAratavarSanA moTA khetaramAM chUTathI hAlavAno prasaMga prApta thayo. hiMdustAnanA mAlanA saMbaMdhamAM teo bahu ciMtA rAkhe te manuSya svabhAva jotAM banI zake tevuM ja na hatuM. 17

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5 prakaraNa 6. 1813-1835 * upara pramANe isTa inDiyA kampanInA bhAratavarSanA vepArane ananyAdhikAra 1813 mAM rada karavAmAM AvyA. ekavAra dAkhala thayA eTale khAnagI vepAra vadhavA mAMDayA ane kampanInA vepAra ghaTavA mAMDayA ane jyAre 1833 mAM paTA tAjo karavAne vakhata AvyA te vakhate kampanInA vepAra taddana baMdha karavAneAM savAla ubhA thayeA. iMlAMDane prajA mata evA hatA ke rAjya karavAnI pUrajo sAthe vepAra asa Mgata che mATe, hiMdustAnanA vepAra khAnagI vepArIonA hAthamAM rahevA joie; eTale rAjyakaranAra kampanInI sAthenI harIphAI jemAM khIjAone gera insApha thAya te dUra thAya. A dalIla laMDananA ane khIjA meTA vepAranA mathakanA vepArIo josabhera karavA lAgyA. kAraNa huM temanAmAM kampanIne je nyAyahIna lAbhA maLatA hatA tenI pRrSyA utpanna thai hatI; ane kampanInA vepAra baMdha thAya teA peAtAne vepAra vadhe evI temane AzA baMdhAi hatI. ATalA mATe 1833 mAM kampanIne vepAra tadana rada karyAM, ane te tArIkhathI teo hiMdustAnanA vahIvaTadAra rahyA, ane hiMdustAnanI upajamAMthI peAtAne naphe levA lAgyA. 1830-1831-32 mAM uparanI carcA cAlatI hatI, te daramiyAna hiMdustAnanA vepAra saMbaMdhI dhaNA purAve nAMdhAyA che. 1830 mAM umarAnI kamiTI rUbarU ki MmatI purAvA paDelA che. enA karatAM paNa vadhAre ki MmatI purAvA 1830-1831 nI AmanI kamiTI rUbarU paDelA che. vaLI 1872 nI AmanI kamiTI rUbarU navesara purAvA levAyA che. A purAvA 6000 phAlIe pAnAnAM 6 meTAM pustakAmAM prasiddha thayelA che. AmAM vepAra rAjagAra bAbatanA purAvA kaMika eka taraphI che. umarAvA ane nAmanA sabhAsade briTIza muDIthI cAlatA rAjagAranI sthiti khALata

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 259 tapAsa karatA hatA; hiMdustAnanA lokonA rojagAra ane temane temAMthI maLatI rojI naphe vigereno sababa temanI pAse nahatA. teone tapAsa karavAnuM e hatuM ke kampanIne vepAra rada thAya te briTIza prajAne vepAra vadhe ke nahi ane iMglaMDanA khAnagI vepArIo ane kArakhAnAvALAone napho thAya ke nahi. 1813 athavA 1832 nI tajavIjamAM hiMdustAnanA svakIya vepAra rojagAranI puSTi bAbatamAM tajavIja karavAnuM temane kAraNa nahatuM, ane te pachInA zira varSamAM paNa tevI tajavIja temanA taraphathI karavAmAM AvI nathI. chatAM pahelA purAvAmAMthI ApaNane ghaNI mAhItI maLe che. A prakaraNamAM tene Tuka sAra ApavAmAM Avyo che. hiMdustAnanuM rU amerikAnA kapAsa karatAM TuMka tAranuM che, vadhAre kacarAvALuM che ane teno mAla banAvavAmAM kuca vadhAre paDe che. ghaNuM karIne jADA kApaDamAM te vaparAya che, athavA unanuM kApaDa banAvavAmAM mizraNa karavAmAM te kAmamAM Ave che. suratanuM rU sahuthI sAruM gaNAya che. hiMdustAnamAM banatI DAkA mastInanA je mAla IgleMDamAM banatuM nathI. tinevalImAM mAnasAnA TApumAMthI maMgAvelA bImAMthI sArI jAtanuM rU utpanna karavAmAM Ave che. lAMbA tAranuM rU-darIA kInArAnI pAsenA pradeza sivAya bIje ThekANe thatuM nathI, ane pitAne mATe mAla banAvavA sArU lokone tenI jarUra nathI. hiMdustAnamAM tamAma rU hAthathI ke tAya che. amerikana rUnI harIphAIthI hiMdustAnamAM AvatA rUne ja ghaTI gaye che. iTa InDiyA kampanInA mulakamAMthI AvatuM rU briTIza bajAramAM je rU AvatAM te badhAmAM sahuthI utaratuM che. muMbainuM sApha rU ane amerikAnA rU vacce dazathI paMdara TakA kiMmatane phera rahe che. suratanuM rU jADA kApaDamAM va5

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26 prakaraNa 6 ThuM. rAya che, ane jhINuM kApaDa mATe mizraNa karavAmAM paNa te kAma Ave che. hiMdustAnamAM kapAsamAM sudhAro karavAnA prayatno saphaLa nIvaDyA nathI. keTaleka ThekANe ulaTuM rU utarI jAya che. keTaleka ThekANe ropAoja barAbara ugI AvatA nathI. kapAsa hiMdanAja leko vAve che, tyAMthI muMbaI Ave che, ane yuropiyane kharIde che. yuropiyananA hAthamAM kapAsanI jamIna nathI, tema tenI khetImAM temano bhAga paNa nathI. kapAsa sApha karavAno yaMtra eka nAnuM hAtha-jIna che, ane te parApUrvathI vaparAtuM Ave che. tenI kIMmata 6 pensa che, te hAthathI cAle che, kaMI baLa joItuM nathI ane saphAI vinA rU sApha kare che. isTa inDiyA kaMpanInI rUnI kharIdI ghaNuM karIne trinevelI A gaLa temanA AratIA leke kare che. 1823 mAM 250 ratalanA 8000 ghAkaDAM kharIdAyAM hatAM ane te badhAM cIna mokalyAM hatAM. baMgALA yuropiyanone kapAsa, ugADavA lAyaka che, paNa DAkA AgaLa uMcu kapAsa dezIoja ugADe che. uttama kapAsa gujarAta ane kacchamAM thAya che. hiMdanuM rU prathama iMglaMDamAM 170 mAM gayuM, ane amerikAnuM 1791 mAM. 1827 mAM hiMdustAnamAMthI aDasaTha lAkha ratala rUIMgleMDa gayuM hatuM. tenI kiMmata dasa lAkha pAuMDa jeTalI hatI. te vakhate amerikana rU 294 be karoDa corANuM lAkha ratala hatuM. kalakattAmAM eka rUnI kAMtavAnI gIranI ubhI thaI hatI. kampanInuM rU muMbaI ane baMgALAmAMthI nikAsa thatuM. madrAsamAMthI paNa jyAM sudhI kArakhAnAM rahyAM tyAM sudhI caDhAvAtuM. dezamAMthI machavAmAM kapAsa kala kare laI javAmAM AvatA hatA. machavA upara kaMI rakSaNa na hatuM. ane vakhate cAra pAMca mahInA sudhI temAM paDI rahetuM. pachI tenI gAMsaDIo baMdhAtI ane IglaDa mokalavAmAM AvatuM. A sthitimAM AvatuM rU sArI sthitimAM IMgla. DamAM naja pahoMcI zake. .

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa 261. rezama, rezamano kIDo baMgALAmAMja hato.uttara hiMdustAnamAM te uchare na hatA. ane muMbaInI bhUmi malaberIne mATe nAlAyaka hatI. kampanI mATe vepArI AratI A kharIdI karatA. teo agAuthI nANAM ApIne kozeTA ucheravAvALA pAsethI kharIdI karatA. kampanIne bAra kAThIo ane saMkhyAbaMdha kArakhAnAM hatAM paNa rezama vaTavA sivAya bIju teo karatA nahIM. keTalAMka kArakhAnAmAM paTaNI rezamamAMthI kaMI kApaDa banAvatA. jhINuM rezamanI kArIgarI ghaNI ghaTI gai hatI ane IgrejI rezama utAravAmAM AvatuM. ghaNA yurepiyana lekone paNa kArakhAnAM hatAM, paNa te kampanInAM kArakhanAM jeTalAM meTAM na hatAM; ane bajAra kampanInA ja hAthamAM hatuM. hiMdustAnanuM rezama TuMkA tAMtaNAnuM ane asvaccha hatuM. hiMdanuM uttama rezama uttama ITAliyana rezama jeTalI uMcI kIMmate vecAtuM, paNa ghaNe bhAge hiMdI rezama utaratA vaDanuM hatuM. vepAra badhA kampanInA hAthamAM hato ane kampanI uMcuM rezama banAvavA mATe joitI dekharekha rAkhI zakatI na hatI. paradeza caDhAvavA mATe hiMdI rezamanI kharIdI thatI nahIM te mATe cInanuM rezama pasaMda karavAmAM AvatuM, hiMdustAnamAM traNa jAtanAM mAberI thatAM. yuropavALo gheLo, cInavALo ghere jAMbuDA raMgano, ane hiMdustAnane khAsa. kIDA paNa be jAtanA svadezI ane ITAlI ane cInathI varSo varSa lAvavAmAM AvatA te. paradezI kIDA uMcuM rezama banAvatA. malaberInI khetI ane kozeTAnI banAvaTa lokonA hAthamAM hatI. kampanI temane nANAM dhIre ane rezama ke kAzeTA hAthamAM Ave te pachI tenI kiMmata mukarara thAya. kampanInA AratIAne jeTalo mAla mokale tene upara seMkaDe rA TakA dalAlI maLatI ane pitAne hisAbe paNa teone kharIdI karavA devAtI. teo rezamanA sArA parIkSaka (pArekha) na hatA. baMgALAnuM kAcuM rezama vaDamAM utarI gayuM hatuM paNa tene ja vadhAre caDhata hato, kAraNa

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prakaraNa 6 . ke vepAranuM bAruM khulyuM ane jAkAta ochI karI nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI. 182 thI 1828 sudhI iglAMDa caDhatA rezamamAM 35 TakA jeTalo vadhAro ca hate paNa kampanInI kharIdImAM te mAtra 17 TakA jeTalo ja vadhAro thayo hato. malaberI ane eraDAnA ropA rezamanA kIDAne mATe baMgALAmAM vaparAtA. malaberInA ropA chathI ATha Icane cheTe hArabaMdha ropAtA; ane traNa phITa ucA thatA. jaladI utpanna thAya e lekina hetu hato. jethI temane tAtkAlika lAbha thAya, paNa je te dakSiNa yuropamAM cAlatI rIta aMgIkAra kare te phaLa vadhAre sAruM thAya. ropA vAve te pachI cAra mahine pAMdaDA toDavAmAM Ave te pachI dara ATha dasa aThavADiye pharI phAla Ave; pahelA varSamAM cAra phAla thAya, ane bIjAmAM che. eka vIghA jeTalI jamInamAM hameza 1000 kIDAne joIe teTale khorAka utpanna thAya. rezamanI jAtamAM kAMtavAnI RtunA pheraphArane lIdhe phera paDe. navembara e sArAmAM sArI tu hatI. te vakhate zarU kareluM kAma DIsembaramAM pUruM thAya. comAsu kharAbamAM kharAba. svadezI kIDA varasamAM cAra vAra thatA. paradezI phakata ekajavAra. kampanInA AratI A pArghakAra mAraphata nANAM dhIratA ane temanI mAraphata kozeTA lAva. tyAM temanA kArakhAnAmAM te kozeTA dezI majurone hAthe vIMTAtA, temane deDI paNa kArakhAnAvALAe ja ApatA, kampanInI bAra koThI hatI. AratIo mAla pahoMcyA pachI vepArasabhAnI maMjurInI sarate kiMmata mukarara karatA. A AratIAo moTA kArakhAnAnI dekharekha rAkhavAne lAyaka na hatA. 1815 thI 1830 sudhImAM kAcA rezamanI upajamAM sara vadhAre thaye ja ane kampanIno jathe paNa vadhata. kampanIe rezama vIMTavAnI iliyana rIta dAkhala karI hatI. vepAra kevaLa . hatA ane ghaNuM leke IgleMDathI hiMdustAnamAM AvIne mAthuM mAratA paNa phateha pAmatA nahi; paNa phrAnsanuM rezama ane ITAlInuM rezama sAruM hatuM. baMgALAnA rezamanI paNa mAgaNI eka

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 263 lIja hatI paNa te phrAnsa iTAlI ke hiMdustAnanA rezama jeTaluM majabuta ne hatuM. temaja ITAlInA rezama karatAM te jAtamAM paNa bahu halakuM hatuM; kAraNa ke leke jAta karatAM jathA upara vadhAre najara rAkhatA; ane ITAlI ane phrAnsa jeTalI kALajI rAkhatA nahIM, tethI baMgALAnuM rezama vadhAre asvaccha, gAMTha vALuM ane vacamAMvacamAM tuTeluM AvatuM. uparathI baMgALAnA rezamanA udyogamAM kampanInA sitera varSamAM asalamAM zo pheraphAra thaye hatuM te jaNAI Avaze. svataMtra vepArIone hAtha mAla banAvarAvavA tarapha dIlasojI na hatI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa temane keTalIka vAra pratyakSa rIte ane keTalIkavAra kampanInA AratIAnI lAgavagathI spaSTa pratibaMdha karavAmAM Avato. kApaDa vaNavAnuM to tadana baMdha paDI gayuM hatuM. je leke pitAnI muDI upara kAma karatA, ane potAnI hAthanI mahenatathI potAnAja gAmamAM ane potAnA ja gharamAM mAla banAvatA ane napho letA, teo have kampanInA Azrita thaI rahyA. teo have temane rU ane rezama Ape, ane AratIA mukarara kare te kiMmata le. rAjakIya svataMtratAnI sAthe temanI Arthika svataMtratA paNa naSTa thaI, ane je mAla pedA karavAnuM temane kahevAmAM Ave tenI temane kiMmata ane majurI maLe. hajAro mANase kampanInA kArakhAnAvALAo upara rono AdhAra rAkhIne besatA thayA, kAraNa ke jagatanI bajAre mATe potAnI javAbadArI upara mAla banAvatA teo aTakathA kArakhAnAvALAone kAcA mAlane khapa hate. leka kA mAla pUro pADavA lAgyA, tethI temanI prAcIna kuzaLatA teo bhUlI gayA, ane mAla pedA karavAno napho khoI beThA. iMgleMDanuM prajAsata yuropa ane hiMdanA vacce vepArano vadhAro thatAM tenI neMdha le, kAcA mAla tyAMthI vadhAre caDhe, ane taiyAra mAla tyAM utare; ane temAM hiMdanI AbAdI thAya che evI dalIlo kare. amIro ane AmanI sabhAna ra dUra

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214 - prakaraNa 6 huM. A vadhato jato vepAra isTa inDiyA kampanInA hAthamAM rahevuM joIe ke khAnagI vepArIonA hAthamAM, tenI tajavIja karavA lAgyA. paNa A vadhArAthI hiMdustAnanA udyamo nAza thAya che ke nahi, ane udhama nake hiMdustAnane maLatuM baMdha thAya che ke nahi tenI tajavIja karavAnI koIne ciMtA na hatI. hiMdustAnanA lokonA Arthika kalyANane mATe hiMdustAnano sALone udyoga sajIvana thavAno saMbhava che ke nahi tenI tajavIja karavAnI koIne IcchA na hatI. anAja. hiMdustAnanA kheDute ajJAna ane kALajI vinAnA che e bhrama iMgla. DamAM hamezAM cAle che, paNa je aMgrejoe khetIne abhyAsa karyo che temaNe e To vicAra khaseDavAne hamezAM yatna karyo che. DA. vaMlika je kalakattAnI vanaspati zALAnA IsTa InDiyA kampanInA suprInTenDenTa hatA, teo komansanI kamiTi rUbarU nIce pramANe kahe che. hiMdustAnanI khetInA saMbadha ghaNe aMze gerasamajutI thAya che. baMgALanI khetI je ke ghaNI sAdI ane junI che te paNa loko dhAre che teTalI halakI nathI, ane mane ghaNIvAra anubhava thayo che ke akasmAta pheraphAra karavAthI temAM kAMI phAyadA thayA nathI. baMgALAmAM yuropanAM lokhaMDanAM haLa dAkhala karavAno prayoga meM joyA che. hetu to e hato ke sAdhAraNa baMgALI haLathI bhUmi bahu upara uparathIja kheDAtI ane kaMTALo upajato tene badale jaladI ane UMDI kheDa karavI. paNa pariNAma zuM AvyuM ? jamIna atyaMta AchI hovAthI kheDa karatAM nIcenI halakI jamIna sAthe bheLaseLa thaI gaI ane ulaTo vaLa utarI gaye. bezaka hiMdustAnanI khetImAM ghaNA sudhArA thaI zake ema che, paraMtu sAmAnya rIte manAya che teTalo badho sudhAro karavA jevuM nathI. dAkhalA tarIke DAMgarane pAka. ApaNe eka hajAra varSa paryata rahIe topaNa dhAruM chuM ke temAM ApaNAthI kaMi sudhAro thaI zakaze nahi.

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika ItihAsa. 265 1830nI sAla Agamaja, IMglaMDamAM cokhA khAMDavAnuM yaMtra nIkaLatAM, baMgALAmAMthI DAMgarano photarAM sudhAMtane nikAsa 1000 Tana sudhI pahoMcI gaye hato. pahelAM DAMgara khaMDAIne jatI ane temAM ghaNI mATI bhaLelI hoya ane kaNakI paNa ghaNI hoya. uparanA yaMtranI zodha thayA pachI tarAM sutI DAMgara caDhavA mAMDI, ane iMglaMDamAM cokhA kheDAtA, amerikAnA cokhA jevA te paNa svaccha dekhAtA. je keliphorniyAnI peThe hiMdustAnamAM te pramANe svaccha thaI zakatA hatA. te vadhAre nikAsa thaI zakata; kAraNake petarAM suddhAMta caDhAvavAmAM te bhADuM paNa thatuM ane jagA paNa bamaNI rokAtI. gaLI. ' A bAbatamAM keTalAka pure anya virUddha che. rAmasee jAhera karyuM ke gaLInA kheDuto jeo IMgreja bagIcAvALAonI majurI kare che temanI sthiti sAdhAraNa raiyata karatAM nabaLI che. yuropIyana mAlIke temane teo pote ja je. TalI gaLI vAve tenA karatAM vadhAre jamInamAM gaLI vAvavAnI pharaja pADe che. ane tevI rIte te kheDutone pitAnI marajI pramANe pitAnI jamIna vAvavAnA hakamAM teo vacamAM Ave che. bIjA sAkSioe tenA virUddha purAvA Ave, paNa 1860 sudhI baMgALAnI sthiti jemaNe joyelI teo rAmasenI hakIkata kharI hatI ema tarata kahI zakaze. yuropiyana vepArIo AgaLathI nANAM bhare ane kheDuto mukarara karelI gaLI-amuka darathI ApavA baMdhAya. je bagIcAvALA julamI hoya te kheDune korTa sivAya bIje kaMIja zaraNa nahi, ane tyAM tenuM sAMbhaLavAno saMbhava bahuja thaDe. ghaNuM karIne baMgALAnA nIcANanA bhAgamAM julama bahu thAya che ke jyAM ghaNA yuropiyana ane saMkara jAtioe vasavATa karyo che. .

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- keTalAka svadezI khetI karanArAne tyAM paNa kArakhAnAM hatAM, paNa temanI maLI yuropiyananI gaLI jevI nIkaLatI nahi have svadezI gaLIne jo vadha. vA mAMDyo hato. 1500 yuropiyano gaLInA dhaMdhAmAM kAme lAgyA hatA. teo yuropamAMthI kaMI muDI lAvelA nahi kalakattAmAM dezIo pAsethI athavA kampanInA yuropIana nekare pAsethI ke bIjA AratIo pAsethI vyAje letA, ane te vaDe kArakhAnAM ubhAM karatA. koI muDIvALo vepArI gaLInuM kArakhAnuM kADhavA hiMdustAnamAM gayAno eka paNa dAkhale jANyuM nathI. ' hiMdustAnamAMthI gaLIno nIkAsa 1780 thI zarU thayo, ane cALIza varSamAM eTale badhe vadhI gayo hato ke bIjI badhI tarehanI gaLI baMdha thaI gaI. dhAkAthI dilhI sudhI gaLInuM vAvetara cAlatuM ane tevuM lAkha ratala gaLA paradeza caDhatI. briTIza vepArIo varSe dahADe jamInanA daranA ane majuronI dADInA meLa lAkha eMzI hajAra 1680000 pa. ApatA. kalakatte AvatAM gaLInI kiMmata 243000 paM. thatI ane iMglaMDamAM tenI 3600000 pi. thatI. baMgALAmAM traNasethI cAroM kArakhAnAM hatAM te jesara, kRSNanagara ane titamAM, gaMgA nadIthI relAtI jamIna sArAmAM sArI gaNAtI. DIka gaLI madrAsa ane muMbaImAM paNa pedA thatI. ghaNe bhAge vepArIo kalakattAnI peDhI emAMthI dasabAra TakAnA vyAjathI nANAM kADhatA ane pitAnI mIlakata ghareNe mUktA. jokhama vadhAre hovAthI vyAja uMcuM hatuM. svadezI kheDuto paNa yupiyana rItanuM anukaraNa karavA lAgyA hatA. gaLInA banAvaTa ane nikAsa te kAMI yuropiyanathI zarU thayelAM na hatAM, gaLI te eka raMga tarIke pUrvamAM ghaNAM varSathI jANItI hatI, ane hiMdustAnanI bahAra ghaNuM caDhatI. gaLI banAvavAnI prAcIna rIta apUrNa hatI. 1819 thI isTa inDiyA karmanI yurepiyanane nANAM dhIrIne temanI pAse gaLI banAvarAvatI ane ene uThaMDaphalatI. gaLIne vepAranI ekadama AbAdI thravAnuM kAraNa

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 267 seMTa DomiMga jyAMthI phenca revolyuzana pahelAM AkhI duniyAmAM gaLAM . pahocatI teno nAza thaze, ane tyAMnI kALI prajA naSTa thayA pachI tyAM eka ratala paNa gaLI thatI nahi, te hatuM. khAMDa, dakSiNanA ghaNA bhAgomAM zelaDIne pAka utarate. tene pANI pAvAnI jarUra hatI. khAMDa taiyAra karavAnI hiMdustAnanI rIta ghaNI sAdI. temanA aMgo apUrNa ane sudhArAne avakAza ghaNo. zelaDI vAvavAnI kapAsa ane gaLInI peThe pUrNa svataMtratA hatI. amerikAnAM vesTa InDiyana yaMtra dAkhala karyo, paNa tenAthI hiMdustAnanA sAdA sAMcAmAMthI jeTalo rasa nIkaLato eTale nIkaLavA na mAMDyo ane saTorIAone nukasAna thayuM. be yuropiyana malabAramAM moTA saTTAmAM paDyA hatA; ane bannee pAchaLathI te yojanA choDI dIdhI. gaMjamamAM zelaDInuM vAvetara karavAnuM vicAra 179 6 thI 1803 sudhImAM karyo hato, paNa tenuM phaLa asaMtoSakAraka evyuM - yurepiyananI najara jeTalI gaLInA upara hatI teTalI zelaDI upara na hatI. teo bajANyAMthI zelaDI letA athavA kheDutane agAuthI nANuM ApIne kharIdatA. vesTa inDisamAM je sAMcA vaparAtA tenA karatA ahIMnA sAMcA halakA prakAranA hatA. ane ahIM zelaDInAM moTAM vAvetara thatAM na hatAM. ahIMnI zelaDI paNa tyAMnI zelaDI karatAM halakA daranI hatI. baMgALAtI zelaDI vesTa, inDisanA jevI ja hatI. khAsa tajavIja pachI thoDI uMcI khAMDa paNa pedA thatI, paNa tenuM kharaca eTaluM bhAre avatuM ke pisAruM thAya nahi. baMgALAnI khAMDanI kiMmata upara 120 eTale beThela kharaca upara ra00 TakA jeTalI jakAta nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI. zelaDIne lAyaka jamIna hiMdustAnamAM puSkaLa che, paNa pedA karavAnI rIta bahuja apUrNa che. zelaDI pasaMda karavAmAM vadhAre viveka vaparAya, rasa

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268 prakaraNa : huM kADhavAmAM ane rasanI khAMDa banAvavAmAM jarA kasa vadhAre kaDhAya to mAgaNI vadhe. kampanIne banArasamAM eka khAMDanuM kArakhAnuM hatuM. AratIAo mulakamAMthI zelaDI kharIda karI AvatA paNa hAlamAM khAMDanI AyAta baMdha karavAno hukama kADhavAmAM AvyA che. tamAku, raMga, surokhAra, bunadANA ane cAha, hiMdustAnanI tamAku amerikAnI tamAkunA pramANamAM trIjA bhAganI paNa sArI nathI. kAraNake tene vAvavAmAM ane taiyAra karavAmAM caturAInI khAmI che, bI pasaMda karavAmAM bahu vadhAre dhyAna ApavuM joie, temaja jamIne pasaMda karavAmAM nIMdavAmAM, laNavAmAM, taiyAra karavAmAM jUDA bAMdhavAmAM paNa hiMdustAna amerikAnI sAthe harIphAI karI zake tema nathI; paNa je vadhAre kuzaLatA, vAparavAmAM Ave ane kaMIka muDI vadhAre nakhAya te hiMdustAnanI tamAkunI mAgaNI ghaNI thAya. yuropiyana tamAkune vepAra karatA nahi, ane mulakI vepAramAM temane hAtha ghAlavA detA nahi. muMbainA uttara prAMtomAM tamAkunI khetI bahu hatA. tyAMnI tamAku bahu uMcA vaDanI thAya che. teno eka ja IMgleMDa Avelo tenI kiMmata amerikAnI tamAku karatAM vadhAre upajI hatI, paNa prayAga khAtara mekalAvelI tamAku sarAsarI keLavavAmAM khAmIvALI nIvaDI. baMgALA ane muMbaithI je tamAku IgleMDa gaI te niSphaLa nIvaDI. gujarAtanI tamAkunI jamIna bahukhI ane sArI che. madrAsamAM keimaturanI tamAku bahu kiMmatI che. tamAkune svadezI nAma nathI, tethI te hiMdustAnane svadezI choDa nathI, paNa hiMdustAnamAM purANuM vakhatathI vavAya che. tenI khetI bahu ochI che ane ghaNuM karIne gharanA upayoga mATe taiyAra karavAmAM Ave che. hiMdustAnamAM goLa, mazAla ane phaLanA mizraNa sAthe te vaparAya che. bahu uMcI jamInamAM eka

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa 268 ranI 60 ratala nIpaje che. sarAsarI jamInamAM lIlI tamAku 80 ratala nIpaje to bahu ThIka gaNAya. sAmAnya rIte hiMdI tamAku kharAba gaNAya che. paNa temAM sudhAro thaI zake tema che. uttara sirakAranI tamAkunI masalIpaTanamAM chIMkaNI thAya che te iMglaMDamAM bahu vakhaNAya che. baMgALAmAM bhAgalapuramAM havAnAnI uttama tamAku ugADavAmAM AvI hatI. lAkhanA raMga ghaNuM jathAmAM vilAyata caDhAvAtA. guMdaranI aMdara jIvaDuM athavA IMDu hoya teno raMga thAya. raMganA rajakaNe judA pADI temAMthI raMga banAvAya, ane guMdaranI lAkha judI paDe. lAla raMganAM kApaDa karavAmAM A raMga vaparAto. paNa bahu sAro raMga karavAmAM te vaparAto nahi. lAkha-lAkha tarIke kAma AvatI. jIvaDAM dakSiNamAM madrAsamAM ekaThAM karAtAM, ane mekisakonA pramANamAM halakA darajjAnAM hatAM. AnI kiMmata 1820 pachI cothA bhAganI utarI gaI hatI. A pheraphAra lAkhanA raMgathI thayo haze. baMgALAmAMthI A jIvaDAM caDhAvAtAM nahi. IsTa inDiyA kampanIe 1814 mAM surokhAra 14000 haMdaveTa baMgALAmAMthI blaDa caDhAvyo hato. paNa 1832 mAM mAtra 37300 hadaraTa caDhAvyo hato. khAnagI vepArIo caDhAvavA lAgyA tethI enI kiMmata eTalI halakI paDI gaI ke pachI khAtara tarIke upayogamAM levAvA mAMDyo 1814 mAM tenI kiMmata 8 zI. 4 pensa phaMdaraveTa dITha hatI. 1872 mAM mAtra 32 za. hatI. 1814 pahelAM kampanIne te vepAramAM phAyado hato. te pachI napho maLato baMdha thaI gayo. 1823 pachIja budANAnI khetI puSkaLa thavA mAMDI te pachI sarakAre budANAnI khetI karavAnI rajA ApI ane vAvavAvALAone jamInane lAMbo paTo Ape. AvI rItanI maherabAnI bIjA koI kheDuta upara sarakAre

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270 karelI na hatI. baMgALAmAM budANAnA vAvetaranI 4000 ekara jamIna hatI. beMgaloranA bunadANa ghaNuM sArA hatA, ane je ke cokhA jevo te nahi te paNa tene pracAra vadhato hato. ArkaTamAM buna vAvavAne prayoga niSphaLa gayo teja pramANe gaMjAmamAM koke vAvavAno. baMgALAne tApa buna mATe bahu Akaro gaNAyo paNa koImaTuramAM budANAne pAka bahu sAre utaryo. hajI sudhI cAhanI khetI dAkhala thaI na hatI. paNa DokaTara vAlike A vakhate hiMdustAnanA DuMgarI bhAgomAM cAhAnuM vAvetara karavAmAM bahu phAyade bhaLavAno saMbhava che e bAbata eka nibaMdha raju karyo hato temAMthI keTalAka utArA nIce AvyA che. cInamAM 27 thI te 30 akSAMzanI vacamAM cAhanuM vAvetara thAya che teja pramANe dakSiNamAM kenTananA darIA kInArAnI najIka paNa thAya che. - mAma kALo cAha tyAMthI taiyAra thAya che. panAnsamAM mi. brAune te TApunI havAmAM cAhano choDa ThIka rahyuM hatuM tethI derAine cAha UgADavAno prayoga karyo hata; ekaMdara choDa ThIka ugyA. paNa jyAre laNavAno vakhata Avyo tyAre ema mAluma paDyuM ke cahA bahu nabaLA vaDanI nIvaDI. - jAvAmAM paNa evA prayogo ghaNA karyA, niSphaLa gayA ane pAchaLathI choDI devAmAM AvyA. te ja pramANe Daca sarakAre silonanA keTalAka bhAgomAM prego karelA paNa te vadhAre phatehamada thayA hatA. vIza varSa upara e janeramAM cAlu vAvetara zarU karyuM hatuM. paNa te pAka sugaMdhamAM e te kharAba nIvaDe ke pAchaLathI mUkI devuM paDa hate. brAjhIlamAM ugADele cahA jevAnuM mane maLyuM hatuM, paNa tene svAda atyaMta kharAba lAgyo.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika pratihAsa. 201 hiMdustAnamAM evA pradeza che ke je caDhAnA pradezAnI sAthe maLatA Ave che. tethI uMcAmAM uMcI cInAi cahA jevI uMcI cAha tyAM utpanna thai zakaro emAM zaMkA rahe tevuM nathI. kumAena, gaDhavA ane silarameAranA mulakamAM cIna ane japAnamAM jyAM puSkaLa cahA taiyAra thAya che tevI jamIna che. meM joyuM che ke kemelIyAnI eka jAta nepAlamAM uge che. 1818mAM tene hevAla ApatAM me... batAvyu` hatu` ke khaTama DunA eka bagIcAmAM cAhanA cheDa bahu AbAda jaNAyA hatA, ne daza pITa uMcA vadhelA, ane varSanA chellA cAra mahInAmAM tenA upara puSkaLa phUlakuLa beThelAM hatAM. keTalAka varSa pachI huM tyAM gayA tyAre meM te cheDa pAche joyA ane te vakhate mane khabara maLI ke tenuM khI gurakhA sarakAra dara trIje varSe cInamAM elacIe meAkale che emAMnA ekAdA elacI khAtAe paikIgamAMthI ANelu hatu. A badhA maLatA saMyogA ApaNe dhyAnamAM laie te jo rItasara gaDhavaNu karavAmAM Ave ane sArI dekharekha hAya tA ceADA vakhatamAM cahAnA kheDanu isTa inDiyA kampanInA mulakamAM puSkaLa vAvetara thavA sabhava che. ane tema thAya tA sudharelI jIMdagInI eka moTAmAM meATI prajAnA sabaMdhamAM ApaNe ApakhudI prajAnA tAra upara je atyAre AdhAra rAkhIne beThA chIe temAMthI mukta thai zakIe.' DA. vAlikane A patra 1832 nA phebruArInI trIjI tArIkhaneA hateA ane A gRhasthane cAnA udyAganA eka meATA AcArya jevA gaNAya. ezaka gurakhA elacIe je nepALamAM cahA lai AvyA temane 3. velipha uparaja mUkavA joie. sonu, lekha'OM ane tAMbu. nIlagIrImAM seAnuM mAluma paDayu hatu te zuddha jaNAyu hatu ane parvetRnI khINamAM vAinADanA jIllAmAMthI keTalAka jathA ekaThA pazu karyAM hatA.

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22 prakaraNa kahyuM. lekhaMDa hiMdustAnanA ghaNA bhAgomAM hatuM. rAmanAmAM briTiza athavA svIDIza lokhaMDanA karatAM tene bhAva uMce Avate. te bahuja narama hatuM. paNa taiyAra kareluM hiMdanuM lekhaMDa vilAyatI lokhaMDa karatAM utaratuM nIvaDatuM kAraNa ke mAla taiyAra karavAmAM kuca bahu paDato hato, eTale taiyAra karavAnI rItamAM phera hato. baMgALAmAM bardavAnanI paDozamAM UMcuM lokhaMDa mAlama paDatuM hatuM. paNa madrAsanA kInArA tarapha je maLatuM te tenA karatAM UMcuM hatuM. tenI gajavela karavAmAM muzkelI paDatI paNa jyAre banatI tyAre gajavela bahu UMcA prakAranI banatI. mi. hIthe madrAsa AgaLa eka lekhaMDanuM kArakhAnuM kADhayuM hatuM. teNe yuropiyana sAMcA ApyA hatA ane jyAM sudhI kampanIne paTo cAle tyAM sudhI tene ananyAdhikAra ApavAmAM Avyo hatA. A lokhaMDa bIjA koI svadezI lokhaMDa karatAM uMcuM hatuM eTaluM ja nahi paNa svIDiza lokhaMDa karatAM paNa uMcuM hatuM. kacchanuM lokhaMDa khAsa karIne UMcuM hatuM. tyAM te jamIna upara paDeluM jaNAtuM. TopalIomAM te vINIne eka karavAmAM AvatuM ane kAlasAmAM pakavavAmAM AvatuM. AkhA hiMdustAnamAM sArAmAM sArI gajavela kacchamAM banatI, ane temAMthI talavAra bastara vigere banatAM. hiMdustAnanA vAyavya prAMtamAM tAMbu jaDI AvatuM. kelarsa ane sAgavAna. baMgALAmAM barDavAnamAM kolasAnI moTI khANa hatI. ane 1832 mAM varSe dahADe 14000 thI 15000 Tana kolaso kADhavAmAM Avato. A khANo upayogamAM levAnI zarUvAta 1814 thI thaI paNa vizALa kArakhAnAM 1825 thI cAlavA mAMDayAM. sapATIthI 90 phITa nIce Azare nava phITano thara jaNAya hatuM. ane mahine 6 ziliMgathI ATha ziliMganI dADIthI bethI traNa hajAra bhANase kAme lAgyAM hatAM, kelasa ghaNe bhAge aMjInamAM vaparAto. siMgApura teja

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika tihAsa, upayoga mATe caDhAvAtAM, ane iMTA pakavavAmAM kAme lAgatA. pu delakhaMDamAM paNa kAlasA mAlama paDaze| hatA, ane kacchamAM puSkaLa 273 kacchanA kAlase enjIna mATe sArA nahatA. muMbaimAM vilAyatI kAlase sastA paDatA. bahU~vAnaneA kAlasA hiMdustAnamAM sahuthI sArA hatA, ane kalakattAmAM te teja vaparAtA. yuolanA dasa AnA enI ki`mata hatI. lokhaMDa pakavavAmAM te vilAyatI kAlasA jeTalA sArA gaNAtA na hatA. zreSTha vilAyatI kAlasA ane zreSTha baMgALAnA kAlasA, e vacce sarasAnuM pramANa 5 ane 3 tu hatu. hiMdustAnanAM jaMgalomAM jagatamAM jeTalAM sAgavAna lAkaDAM thAya che teTalAM athavA tene ThekANe kAma Ave tevAM thAya che. mukhya jAta, zeguNu, zAla, sisama, tuna, nIrUla, AMkheA-sAla dhara ane vahANa bAMdhavAmAM vaparAtuM, ane lazkarI kAmamAM upayAgamAM AvatuM paNa kharAba ane kharacALa vahIvaTathI zAla sisama ane vAMsa utarI gayA hatA. pAina ane eka paNa puSkaLa hatAM. hiMdustAnanAM sAgavAnane paradeza sAthe vepAra thai zake ema che. aphINa ane mIDuM. A be bAbatAmAM isTa inDiyA kampanI je atyAre hiMdustAnanI sarakAra jema anadhikAra rAkhe che tema te vakhate paNa rAkhI rahI hatI. hAlTa mekenjhI jemane purAvA 1832 mAM levAyA hatA te kahe che ke aNu ane mIThAne pAka upajane mATe levAya che, vepArane mATe nahi. mArA abhiprAya evA che. A banne cIjonA saMbaMdhamAM sUcavelA pheraphArAmAM eka paNa eve nathI ke jethI upajane nukasAna na thAya. mIThAnA pAkamAM huM nathI dhAratA ke jakAta nAMkhavAthI ApaNe atyAre jAhera vecANathI je upaja meLavIe chIe te upaja ApaNane maLI zake. 18

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274 prakaraNa 6 huM. ' aphINamAMthI paNa ApaNane mATI upaja maLe che; ane kharacanA pramANamAM vecANa eTale uMce bhAve thAya che ke huM nathI dhAro ke teTale na ApaNane bIjI koI rIte maLI zake. ane je ke vepAranI daSTie jotAM A rItanI sAme ghaNu vAMdhA che te paNa upajanI jarUra te badhA vAMdhA sAmI taLavA jevI che, ane mAro mata evo che ke bIjI koI rIte teTalI ja upaja ApaNane maLI zake tema nathI. upasaMhAra. A uparathI jaNAze ke 1830-32 nI tajavIja daramIyAna je purAvo ekaThA karavAmAM AvyA che te te vakhatanI ApaNI audyogika sthiti batAvavA mATe bahu kiMmatI che. 1800 ane 1815 nI vaccenI sthiti mATe mi. bukAnano purAve eTaleja kiMmatI che; paNa pArlAmenTane purAvo che. bukanananI tajavIja karatAM bahu adhure che. lorDasa ane komansanI kamiTIne te IgrejI muDI jemAM rokAyelI hatI athavA rokAvAne saMbhava hatA, tevA udyoga saMbaMdhe tajavIja karavAnI jarUra hatI. hiMdustAnanA garIba loka jemAMthI rojI kamAtA hatA te dhaMdhA, jevA ke kaDIyA sutAranAM kAma, pathara vaDavAne, vahANa bAMdhavAne, gharano sarasAmAna banAvavAno, tAMbA pItaLanAM vAsaNe banAvavA, lokhaMDakAmane, sonA rUpAnA kAmane, raMgavAne, cAmaDA keLavavAne, ane hiMdustAnanA gagaDI paDatA vaNavA kAMtavAnA vadhAo; te saMbaMdhe A kamiTIne kaMI levAdevA nahatI. paDelA purAvA uparathI spaSTa jaNAya che ke khetIvADInI bAbatamAM igrejo ApaNane kaMI zIkhavI zake tema nahatuM. paNa anAjane sApha karavAmAM ane khAMDavAnI bAbatamAM, kAMtavA vaNavAnI bAbatamAM, gALI, tamAku ane khAMDa taiyAra karavAnI bAbatamAM, bunavANuM ane cAhe ugADavAmAM, lokhaMDa ghaDavAmAM

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. ra7pa kesA ane sonAnI khANonA udyogomAM, matalaba je badhAne sAMcAkAma upara AdhAra hoya te badhA dhandhAonA saMbaMdhamAM 1430 mAM yurope vadhAre pUrNa rIte dAkhala karelI hatI. je ApaNI sarakAra ApaNI prajAnAja lAla tarapha najara rAkhIne kAma karatI hoya te hiMdustAnanA svAbhAvika kauzalyavALA lakAmAM temaNe A uMcI rIta dAkhala karI hata, ApaNA pitAnA vakhatamAM jApAnamAM dAkhala thayelI ApaNe pote joI tema. paNa eka paradezI, pitAnA lAbha mATe manthana karatA vepArI ane harIpha baMdhAdhArIo pAse AvI AzA rAkhavI e phekaTa hatuM. ulaTuM enAthI ulaTI ja nIti, hiMdustAnanA mAlane badale pitAne mAla dAkhala karavAnI nIti aMgikAra karavAmAM AvI hatI. 183ranI pArlamenTanI tajavIja pachI tarataja monTagomari mArTina lakhe che ke ApaNuM lebha ane kvArthIpaNAthI je lekene nukasAna thayuM che temane kaMI lAbha ApavAne mATe A badhI bAbatanI khabara paDyA pachI Iache kaMI pagalAM lIdhAM che ? kaMija nahi ulaTuM ApaNA vepAranA sUra sAthenA amala nIce AvelI A kamanasIba prajAne vadhAre daridra karavA mATe jeTaluM banI zake teTaluM ApaNe karyuM che. A pustaka uparathI sutara kAMtavA vaNavAthI nirvAha calAvanArA lokonI saMkhyA keTalI che te jaNAI Avaze. apratibaMdha vyApAra "ne bahAne IMglaMDe hiMduone lenkezIyara yorkazAyara ane glAsagonI varALathI cAlatI sALono mAla, nAmanI jakAta nAMkhIne levAnI pharaja pADI che. ane baMgALA ane bahArano hAthakArIgarIne mAla-suMdara, sAro ane TakAu, tenA upara vilAyata utaratAM pratibaMdhaka jakAte nAkhavAmAM AvI che ! kemansanI kamiTie holTa kejhIne savAla karele ke je bhAgamAM briTiza lokonI vadhAremAM vadhAre saMkhyA jovAmAM Ave che tyAM lekamAM vilAyatI rItabhAta, vilAyatI zokha ane vilAyatI TevomAM vadhAre thayelo

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276 prakaraNa } chuM. jovAmAM Ave che ? hAlTa mekenjhi javAba de che ke kalakattA uparathI jotAM te tevA vadhArA thayelA che. emAM kAMi zaka nathI ke vilAyatI meAjazekhanI cIjemAM mIThAza mANavA tarapha leAkeAnu N valaNa spaSTa dekhAya che. temanAM dharAmAM sArA zaNagAra dAkhala thai gayA che, ghaNA dhaDIALeA rAkhe che, gADIone zAkha vadhatA jAya che ane dArU pIe che, ema sarva mAne che. hiMdustAnamAM pazcimanA sudhArAnA pracAramAM A arthagarbha purAveA sAMbha LIne iMgleMDanA ga MbhIra ane pUjya kaeNAmanarsanA caherA upara Asura sASane Ananda phelAi rahyA haze ! paradezI vepAra. sana 1813 mAM isTa inDiyA kampanIne mulakI hisAba vepArI hIsAbathI judo rAkhavAnA eka kAyado karavAmAM AvyA hatA. temAM mulakI hIsAbamAM lazkarI kharaca (2) vahIvaTa ane vepArI teAkarAnuM kharaca (3) hiMdustAnanA karajanA vyAjanuM kharaca e traNane samAveza karvAnA vepArI nakA je Ave temAMthI huMDImaNunuM kharaca ane khIjA karaja peTe vasula ApavuM, ane kampanInuM vyAja ane inDiyAnuM ane vilAyatanu karaja Apavu : Ave! baMdobasta karyAM hatA. 1813 thI 1828 sudhI mulakI upaja nIce pramANe hatI. aMgALA PS 196, 121, 983, madrAsa 82 042 967. muMbai 30 986 870. ayeAdhyA ane khIjA tAbAnA prAMtA 1931 480. kula. 3110, 83, 300, .

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. 277 A uparathI mulakI upajanI sarAsarI vArSika be karoDa pAunDanI Ave che. A mulakI upajamAMthI vilAyatanuM kharca sarAsarI 169347ra sALa lAkha tANu` hajAra cArase mhotera pAunDanuM Ave che; ane kula mulakI upaja ane mulakI kharcanA hisAbamAM PS 1227343 pAunDane tA dekhAya che. paMdara varSanA A arasAmAM mulakI karaja traNa karoDathI vadhIne suDatALIsa karoDa thayuM che. nIcenA kAThAnA AMkaDA uparathI te karajanA vadhArAnI gati samajAI jaze. PS sa. 1792 1809 1814 1829 ', ,, .. ,, .. 9142720 30812441 30919620 47255394 vesalI ane hesTiMgsanI yuddhapradhAna kArkIrdimAM karaja dhaNuM thayaluM che. vepArI upajanA vadhArA hiMdustAnanuM ane bIjuM dastAvejI karaja ApavAmAM vAparavAne hatA. paNa A nakA je prathama daza lAkha pAunDa sudhI pahAMcatA hatA te jema jema kampanIne mulaka vadhatA gayA tema eche thatA gayA ane Akhare 1928-30 mAM 3000 thI 4200 pAunDa jeTalA thai gayA hatA. 1824 pachI kampanI hiMdustAna taraph mAla caDhAvatI baMdha thaI hatI. mAtra lazkarI ane rAjyanItinA saMbadhamAMne ka Mika sAmAna caDhAvatI. hiMdustAnanA vepAra baMdha karavAnuM kAraNa e hatu` ke tyAMthI kAMi badalAmAM le evI cIja maLI zakatI na hatI. hiMdustAnanA udyAgeA naSTa thayA hatA, ane hiMdustAnamAM kAcu rezama, kAMika rezamI kApaDa ane gaLA sivAya bIjI kaSTaja vilAyata caDhI zake tevuM na hatuM. gaLInI kharidI kalakattAmAMthI thatI, rezama vagere potAnAM kArakhAnAmAM taiyAra thatuM hatu; ane rezamI kApaDa sALavI leAkeA pAsethI agAu nANAM bharIne taiyAra karAvAtA hatA. hiMdustAnanI khAMDa paNa vilAyata taraph caDhatI baMdha thai hatI, Ama krame krame utaratA

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278 prakaraNa 6 ThuM. Avele vepAra 1833 mAM kampanIne paTe tAje thayo te vakhate kevaLa naSTa thaI gayA hatA. phampanIne vepAra jema jema kamI thatA gayA tema tema khAnagI vepArIonA hAthamAM jate gaye. sane 1813 mAM khAnagI vepArIone mATe hiMdano vepAra khulluM mukAyo hato. te pachI paMdara varSanA arasAmAM kampanInA vepAranI vArSika sarAsarI 1882718 nI hatI tyAre khAnagI vepArIonI 5451452 nI Ave che eTale kampanInA karatAM khAnagI vepArIone vepAra traNa gaNe thayo eTale khAnagI vepArIo vepAra calAvavAne kampanI karatAM vadhAre lAyaka nIvaDyA. paNa kampanInA vepArano kSayaja vadhato cAlyo. 1813 kalakattathI vIsa lAkha pAunDano sutarAu mAla caDhayo hato; 1830 mAM kalakattethI vIsa lAkha pAunDano sutarAu mAla vilAyata utaryo. 1823 mAM paheluM briTiza sutara InDiyAmAM AvyuM.1824 mAM 121000 pAunDanuM ane 1828mAM te te 40000000 cALIsa lAkha sudhI pahoMcI gayuM. Unano mAla, tAMbu, sIsuM, lokhaMDa, kAca, ane mATIne sAmAna paNa vilAyatathI caDhate hato. hiMdustAnamAM vilAyatI mAla upara 2 TakAnI nAmanI jakAta hatI, ane vilAyata sArU hiMdustAnane mAla je caDhe to tenA upara kiMmatanA 400 TakA sudhI pahoMcelI pratibaMdhaka jakAta nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI. nIcenA keThAmAM te pratibaMdhaka jakAtane pheDa ApavAmAM Avela che. | kiMmata upara TakA. 1812 netarakAma-zaNagAranuM. [ 71 majhalIna. 27 [ 37 kelIko. | 71 | ka | 10 mAla. 1824 1832 50

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briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika ItihAsa. 278 | 1824 [ 1832 mAla bIjo sutarAu mAla. bakarAnA UnanI sAle. lAkhoTelo sAmAna. 1812 27 71 71 sAdaDI. rezama kAcuM. pA. zi. pe. | 2-13-4 kiMmata u4 ziliMga 1 penI ratala para ane te uparAMta ra- ratala upara. upara. tala upara 4 ziliMga.] rezamI mAla. pratibaMdha. pratibaMdha. | 20 TakA [kiMmata upara daphATI athavA bIjoAna viA nakasI mAla. pratibaMdha. | pratibaMdha. | 30 TakA | kiMmata upara. rezamano bIjo mAla. | pratibaMdha. | pratibaMdha. | 20 TakA kiMmata upara pA. zi. ] pA. zi. ' pA. zi. khAMDa kharaca 1 hadaveTI 1-13 uMdaraneTa upara, 3-3 suMdara 1-12. uMdara ne 1 pAunDa, viTa upara. raveTa upara.

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28 prakaraNa 6 ThuM. mAla. 1812 arka. 1824 1832 1 zi. 8 pegelana dIThIra zi. 1pa. 15 ziliMga uparAMta 19 zi. 15. uparAMta 17 gelana. ekasAIja jakAta. zI. rUpensa eikasAIja. 1. 1 20 TakA, 16 zi. 11 pensa | 6 TakA. se pAunDa upara. A anyAyI ane asAdhAraNa jakAta mATe hAusa opha komansane arajIo karavAmAM AvI hatI paNa keNa sAMbhaLe ? khaMDa ane arka uparanI jakAta saMbaMdhI arajI upara to 400 yuropiyana ane InDiyana vepArIonI sahIo hatI; sutarAu ane rezamI kApaDa uparanI jakAtanA saMbaMdhamAM eka arajI ghaNuM AbarUdAra vepArIonI sahInI hatI, paNa badhuM niSphaLa che. nIcenA koThA uparathI A jakAtanI hiMdustAnanA vepAra upara zI asara thaI te jaNAze. sALa ane sAla. sutara. rezamI sutarAu sALoTI, gaLI peTI. mAla. mAla. mAla. | rezama. 1800 12811 9928 1801 182 / 2072 14817 | 8864

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 281 1803 | 24203649 | 1232 12968 1804 | -631 | 1926 18339 2453 1327, 13486 7315 17542 1807 3717 1945ra 18 08 2016 19122 1809 40781 104 1124 885ra 1810 | 3477 | 1167 149 13264 1811 , 160 | 955 14365 1812 | - 1471 1370 3 1813 11705 557 26672 1814 21587 919 | 1786 16544 1728 3842 2096 26221 85024 2711 8884 15740 1817 50176 | 1904 2260 15584 1818 | 127124 666 | 2066 1304

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282 prakaraNa karyuM. 30683 LI 6998 mAM 468 | 16 670 12939 3186 6805 12526 5415 2130 6977 12635 6544] 1668 7893 19751 1823 11713 | 1354 6357 | 15878 1824 12415] 1337 7068 1105 17607 22472 1825 15800 / 1878 | | 8061 1558 3491 21837 15101 | 1253 [ 6856 14804 735 541 | 7719 30761 1828 41 05 1 736 10431 550 15379 | 19041 1829 433 | u000 | '! - | 8251 | ra7000 uparanA AMkaDA uparathI jaNAze ke yuropIyana vepArIne gaLInA mAla vadhavA mAMDayo. kAcA rezamane mAla caDhate kAyama rahyA, paNa rezamana pAke mAla gagaDI paDaye. rUnI ravAnagI paNa gagaDavA mAMDI, paNa sutaranuM paDa atyaMta gagaDI gayuM. ogaNIsamA saikAnAM pahelAM cAra varSomAM badhA pratibaMdha chatAM kalakattAthI IMglaMDa upara paMdara hajAra dhokaDAM caDhatAM hatAM. paNa 1813 thI A AMkaDA gagaDavA mAMDayA. vaLI khAnagI vepArIone mATe vepAra

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 263 khulluM mukAyAthI vaLI AMkaDA caDhavA lAgyA, paNa te thoDo vakhata ja cAlyuM. 1820 pachI sUtarAu mAlane dhaMdho ane vilAyatanuM caDhANa krame krame utaravA mAMDayuM te pAchuM vadhavA pAmyuM nahi. te ja pramANe amerikA, DenmArka, spena, porTugala, morizyasa ane eziyAnAM bIjAM bajAromAM hiMdustAnanuM sutarAu kApaDa caDhatuM tenA AMkaDA paNa gagaDavA lAgyA. amerikAmAM jyAre 1801 mAM 13633 dhekaDAM mokalyAM hatAM, tyAre 1829mAM 258 dhokaDAM thaI gayAM. DenmArka 1800 mAM 1457 kaDAM letuM hatuM, tenA 1820mAM 150dhakaDAM thaI gayA. porTugala 1789 mAM 1714 kaDAM letuM hatuM, te 1825 pachI eka hajArathI vadhAre kadI letuM nahIM. ane 1810 ane 1820nA gALAmAM arebiyA ane irAnI akhAtano vepAra jyAre cArathI sAta hajAra dhokaDAM sudhI pahoMcyo hato te 1825 pachI be hajAra upara caDhaja nahi. bIjI tarapha jema hiMdustAnane uga paDI bhAgyo, tema vilAyatI ane bIjA dezano paracuraNa mAla vadhAre ne vadhAre AvavA mAMDyo. nIcenA AMkaDA uparathI te jaNAI Avaze. madrAsa IlAkAmAM AvelA paradezI sAmAnanI yAdI. 1824] 1825 1828 1830 LI + + 35ra. 372 + + 348 + + 598 224 | 9T 536 58 | 74 [ 1121 + +

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4 + + + + + + + + 181 920 1159 anAta tAkA. 31 1813 3381 + 1814 4635 1815 3902 1816 37.7 1817 2355 1818 5633 + 614 835 2176 915 sutara paiAMDa. ... : ... : prakaraNa . ... 637 ... + 601 754 1115 : ... 915 1310 ... kalakattA mAraphata baMgALAmAM utarelA briTiza ane paradezImAla, kATana | myula TvI varSa. TvIsTa. sTa. : 193 : ... + : ... 481 ... 8.0 : ... ... ... 813 ... 644 1417 409 581 844 sutarAu tAkA. ... : ... ... 574 ... 136 1158 476 365 457 dArU. 52253 50201 5462 56411 13157 36712

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika ItihAsa, 285 1818 | 9244 2988 1820, 5546 26048 1821 | 750 3038 1822 | 5108 46235 1823 | 7346 1824 5401 43030 30129 22439 14223 1825 13981 158076 1826] 4629 | ** 178481 5058. 80595 1827 5430 82738 43283ra34 raha6107 1828 | 769 490714234647 275837 182811838 | 9815439883118646 1e7290 41142 31311 1813 mAM kemansanI kamiTi rUbarU purAvo ApatAM TaeNmasamAe hiMdustAnanI zALone badale vilAyatI zAle dAkhala thai zake -e savAla hasI kahADe hato. 1824 mAM jyAre te madrAsane gavarnara hato, tyAre yuropiyana zAle hiMdustAnamAM utaratI joI ane hiMdustAnanA mAlane badale maslIna banAta ane bIjo unano mAla dAkhala thatA joI te ghaNuM Azcarya thayuM hevuM joIe. 1830 mAM sarajena makama-muMbaInA gavarnara temane paNa hiMdustA

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Let prakaraNa 6 ke. nanI kArIgarInA nAza ane hiMdustAnanA lekAnI vadhatI jtI daridratA joine bahu ciMtA thai hatI. 66 greTabriTanane kAcA mAla mATe pararAjya upara AdhAra rAkhavA paDe che te maTADI tevA bhAla hiMdustAnamAMthIja maLI zake evI sthiti saMpAdana karvAnI bahu jarUra che; kAraNa ke tevA kAcA mAla upara greTabriTananAM ghaNA kiMmatImAM ki MmatI kArakhAnAMone AdhAra che. A bAbata upara kArTa opha Dire phaeNTareAnu dhyAna kheMcAyalu' amArA jovAmAM Ave che. mAre umeravu joie ke, rezama jevI cIjoneA udyoga dAkhala karavAthI, rUnI jAta sudhAravAthI ane khAMDa sApha karavAnA udyogamAM teDu meLavavAnA yatnA karavAthI ApaNe ApaNA dezanA hRdayane kaiMka satya ApI zakIzu. ane ApaNA maheALA mulakanAM sAdhane nabhAvI zakIzuM. dANAdguNI sivAyanI upara gaNAya tevI uMcI pedAzone uttejana ApavAthI, vyApArane sajIvana pharvAthI, ane zrImaMta ane haeNtsAhI raiyatane aMdaranA bhAgeAmAM vasavAnI athavA dhaMdhA karavAnI lAlaca ApavAthI ApaNA dezane ApaNe satva ApI zakIzuM ane ApaNI upaja udharAvI zakIzuM. ApaNA rAjya ane amala nIce rahetI dezI raiyatamAM buddhi ke satva emAMthI ekenI khAmI nathI, paNa te bahAra kaDuADavAnI jarUra che. ApaNe ApaNI potAnI vibhUti ApaNI sattA nIce rahetI prajAnA abhyudayanI sAthe kevI rIte joDavI te samajIe chIe, ane te sArUM ApaNuM vizALa nIti, utsAha ane pravRtti hAtha dharavAnI jarUra che. sara jAna mAlkamane paNa eTalI samajaNa na paDI ke je tAbAnA dezanA rAjyakartAonI nIti-peAtAnA dezanA udyAgAne mATe joitA kAcA mAla pUrA pADavA sArU te dezanA upayAga karavAne hAya te dezanI AbAdI kASTha divasa thai zake nahi. hiMdustAnamAM hAtha dharAyelI A nItinA sa MbaMdhamAM iMgleMDanA jAhera rAjyapuruSo athavA lekhakA kaMi paNa kheAlatA vA baLatA nahi. rIkArDa vagere

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. moTA meTA arthazAstravettAone paNa A sambandhamAM ka Mija khAlavAnuM nahatuM. karnaleAsa virUddha laData calAvanArA agresara-jemaNe iMglenDanA jamInadAre virUddha kRteha sAthe laData calAvI IMgleMDanA majura varga mATe roTalA sastA karyAM, teo paNa hiMdustAnanA lAkhA sALavI ane bIjA kArIgarAne roTale khu'cAvI lenAra A rAjyanIti sAme kaija khelyA nathI. kobDana ane brAITa kAnalAsanI virUddha laData calAvI teha meLavI sara rAkhaDhe pIle te kAyadA rada karI lAkane sapte ane nyAyapuraHsara hovAthI vadhAre mIThe lAge tevA roTale! saMpAdana karI Apyo; paNa ApaNA dezanA kArIgarInA roTalA upara hajI anyAya cepaDelA che, ane koi paNa rAjapuruSe te savAla hAtha dharyAM nathI; hiMdustAnanA pAyamAla thayelA hunnaronu rakSaNa karavA, keLavavA ane sajIvana karavAnA udyAga karyo nathI. rAha kRSNa yuropa khaDanA bIjA bhAganA arthazAstrIe A bAbatamAM vadhAre nyAyI vicAra bAMdhI zakayA hatA, ane chUTathI kheAlatA hatA; 1844 mAM jarmanImAM lakhAyalA arthazAstranA eka moTA graMthamAM A bAbatanuM nIce pramANe vivecana karyuM che. jo IMgrejoe hi MdustAnanA sutarAu ane rezamI mAlanuM nirSoMdha Agamana maMjIra rAkhyuM hata te iMgrejanAM sutara ane rezamanAM tamAma kArakhAnAM tarata ja avazyameva baMdha thayAM heAta. hiMdustAnane sastI majurI ane kAcA mAlanuM sAnnidhya e e lAbhA teA hatA ja ane tenI sAthe seMkaDA varSane anubhava ane kuzaLatAne paNa tene saraMgIna lAbha hatA. nirbodha harIphrAinI paddhatimAM AvA lAbhAnI asara jaNAyA vinA kadI rahe nahi. paNa pAkA mAla banAvavAnA udyAgamAM hiMdustAnathI halakI sthitimAM rahevA mATe iMglaY eziyAmAM mulaka karyAM nahAtA. ane vyApArI adhiSThAtApaNa... joituM hatu; ane te barAbara samajAtuM hatuM ke nirbhrAdha harIA

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288 prakaraNa 6 DuM. vALA be dezomAM je deza kAco mAla puro pADe te hamezAM tAbAmAM rahe ane je pAko mAla taiyAra kare te sarvopari thAya. uttara amerikAnAM saMsthAnamAM IglaDe A dhoraNe kAma letAM te saMsthAnomAM eka ghoDAnI nALa sarakhI paNa cIja banavA dIdhelI nahi, eTaluM ja nahi paNa tyAMnI eka nALa paNa iMglaMDamAM utaravA dIdhI nahi. evI kema AzA rAkhI zakAya ke pitAnI bhaviSyanI mahattAnA pAyA rUpa potAnA mAlanI bajAra hiMduo jevA saMkhyAbaMdha, karakasarIA,anubhavI ane mAla banAvavAnI prAcIna rItiomAM pUrNatA pAmelA lekanA tAbAmAM rahevA de ! tethI IMgla je mAla potAnAM kArakhAnAMmAM banato te-eTale sutara ane rezamanAM kApaDa-hiMdustAnamAMthI iMgleMDa AvatAM baMdha karyA. A bAdha pUrNa ane acUka hato. A suMdara ane sasta mAla tene bIlakula joIe nahi, ane potAne halako ane vadhAre me mAla vAparavAnuM teNe pasaMda karyuM hatuM, paraMtu yuropanI prajAne halakI kiMmate hiMdustAnane suMdara mAla puro pADavAmAM ane te sastApaNAne lAbha yuropanA lokone rAjI thaIne ApavAmAM tene harakata nahatI. Ama karavAmAM IMglaDa mUrkhAI karatuM hatuM ? eDasmitha, ane se, vage2nA siddhAnta pramANe to bezaka ja. kAraNa ke te pramANe to IMglaMDe je joIe te sastAmAM sastI bajAramAMthI ja levuM joItuM hatuM. potAne mATe je mAla bIje ThekANethI sasta maLe tevA mAlanA pote vadhAre paisA kharacavA ane sastApaNAne tamAma lAbha bIjAne ApI devA te mUrkhAI ja che. amArA siddhAnta pramANe ulaToja prakAra che. A siddhAntane ameM "pedAzanI sattA " evuM nAma ApIe chIe; ane Aja siddhAnta aMgreja pradhAnamaMDaLe zAstrasiddha karyA vinA paNa vyavahAramAM hiMdustAnanI sAthenA saMbaMdhamAM-kAco mAla utAravA ane kApaDa caDhAvavuM-e nIti svIkAramAMgrahaNa karyA hatA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnano Arthika ItihAsa. 289 Igreja pradhAnamaMDaLane halakI kiMmatane nazvara mAla saMpAdana karavAnI darakAra na hatI paNa vadhAre kiMmata ApIne "mAla taiyAra karavAnI sattA " saMpAdana karavAnI jarUra hatI. uparathI jaNAze ke briTiza arthazAstrIo nibaMdha vyApAranI nItinI himAyata ghaNA vakhatathI karatA AvatA hatA chatAM briTiza prajAe hiMdustAnanI "mAla pakavavAnI sattA 'ne nAza karyA pachI ane pitAnI tevI sattA ucheryA pachI ja te nIti svIkArI. te pachI briTiza prajA nibaMdha vyApArI banI ane bIjI prajAone te nibaMdha vyApAra svIkAravAne AmaMtraNa karyo. bIjI prajAo temaja briTiza saMsthAne pitAne svArtha vadhAre sArI rIte samajatAM hatAM, teo atyAre pitAnI sattA " rakSaka nIti (Protection) nItithI uchere che paNa hiMdustAnanI te sattA prathama bAdhaka nItithI naSTa karavAmAM AvI che, ane tenuM saMjIvana thatuM aTake tevI rIte tenA upara nibaMdha vyApAranI nItinI pharaja pADavAmAM AvI che. mulakI vepAra nahera ane re. 1813-1835. pAchalA saikAmAMthI cAlI AvelA cIlAne lIdhe mulakI vepAra hajI maMdaja hate. atre yAda karavuM joIe ke isTa inDiyA kampanIe mulakI vepArane je jakAto lAgu hatI temAMthI pitAnA vepArane bAtala karavAnI maherabAnI meLavI ApaNA dezamAM pitAne pAyo ropyo hate. ApaNe e paNa yAda karavuM joIe ke baMgALAmAM jyAre kampanInA nekaroe pitAnA khAnagI vipArane mATe A haka mAgyo tyAre navAba mIra kAsIme udAratAnA toramAM tamAma calAvero ekadama baMdha karyo; ane A udAratAne lIdhe teNe pitAnI gAdI eI. ane Akhare jyAre 1765 mAM isTa inDiyA kampanI baMgALAnI 19.

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prakaraNa 6 kuM. dhaNI thai te vakhate navAba mIra kAsImanuM anukaraNa karIne mulakI vepArane kacarI nAMkhatA A cIlAvere| kADhI nAkhI vepArane mukta karavAnI kampanIne taka maLI. paNa A verAthI theADI paNa upaja AvatI hatI; ane iskra inDiyA kampanI jarA paNa upaja khAvAne taiyAra na hatI. 280 cIlAvere briTiza amala nIce prathama karatAM vadhAre julamI thayA. kAraNa kampanInI sattA vadhAre gherI svacchaMdI ane niHsa deha hatI, ane cekI uparanA dareka halakA pagAranA mahetAne vadhAre julama karavAnAM sAdhana ApanArI hatI. A aniSTatA 60 varSa sudhI vadhatI cAlI, paNa Akhare 1825 mAM hAlTamekenjhIe te verA peAtAnI nApasaMdagI jAhera karI. teo lakhe che ke, "keTalIka cIjone dasa dasa ceAkIomAMthI pasAra thavuM paDe che. ane A desanI mukhya pedAzamAMnI koi paNa cIja evI nathI ke jenI vAraMvAra A kAraNathI aTakAyata nahi thatI hoya. ema mAnIe ke A cekImAM kai aTakAyata thatI nathI tema kAMi paisA kADhavA paDatA nathI tepaNu dezanA vyApArane AthI ghaNI aTakAyata thAya che, kAraNake cAkIrUpI dIvAlavALA dezeA vacce, 5 thI 7 TakA jeTalI sarakArI jakAta ane lAvavA laijavA vagere vANijyanA khIrjA kharce- te badhAM pAsAI zake teTalA bhAvanA phera na DhAya to, vepAra sa MbhavI zake ja nahi. bIjI AthI bhAvanA svAbhAvika pheraphAramAM vadhArA thAya che ane upaleAga bilanA dhAraNa virUddha, je lokone upabhAgane mATeja, jakAta bAda karatAM paNu, sahuthI vadhAre ApavuM paDe che, temanA upara A vere| paDeche. " vaLI sarakArI jakAtamAM jyAre ApaNA cAkIvALAnAM pAnaseApArI umerIe tyAre ApaNane khAtrI thAya che ke thoDI muDIthI cAlatA tamAma vepAMr aTakatAja hAvA joie. zrImaMta vepArIne bhAre pAnaseApArI ApavAmAM aDacaNa Ave nahi; kAraNa ke tenA jathAbaMdha vepAranA pramANamAM kharca pAsANa jeTaluM ja Ave, ane tenI pAtAnI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa 291 pratiSThAne lIdhe tenI pAsethI julamI pAnasopArI levAya paNa nahIM. paNa nAnA vepArIne te saheja sAja pAnasopArImAM paNa tenA sAhasane napho hajama thaI jAya, ane tenI pAse vivekathI pAna sopArI levAze tene mATe kaMIpaNa khAtrI nahIM." "atyAra sudhI IglaMDamAM sattAdhIzenuM temaja vyApArI maMDaLanuM citta yunAiTeDa kiMgaDamanA mAlane mATe bajAra zodhavAmAM ja rokAyuM hoya ema jaNAya che. tethI temaNe hiMdustAnanA AyAta vepAra upara nikAsa vepAra karatAM vadhAre najara rAkhI jaNAya che. 1810 nA navamAM dhArAthI je jakAta nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI tethI igleMDathI ahIM Avato keTaloka mAla baMdha thaI gayo che, ane nikAsamAM gaLI, kapAsa, una, ane zaNueTalAne nibaMdha karyo che, te paNa huM dhArUchuM ke InDiyAnA hita karatAM igleMDanA hita mATe. kalakattAnA vepAranI cIjo upara kALajIthI vicAra karatAM mane ema jaNAyuM che ke mulakI vepAra uparano vero lAMbA nukasAna vinA ApaNe kADhI zakIzuM, je ApaNI pazcimanI sImA upara mIThA upara je kara nAMkhavAmAM AvyA che te kAyama rAkhIe te. " AyAta nikAsa jakAtamAM koI pheraphAra karyA vinA-je ApaNe mulakI vero kADhI nAMkhIe te 37 lAkhanuM nukasAna thAya che ane mIThAne vere kAyama rAkhIe te bAvIsa lAkhanuM huM dhAruM chuM. A tamAma nukasAna darIAI vepAra upara navI jakAta taratamAM nAMkhavAthI purI zakAze nahIM, paNa keTalAka te khADe nizcayathI purI zakAya; ane A sUcanAthI vepAra vadhaze, ane kharaca ochuM thaze tethI saravALe nukazAna nahIM Ave ema huM dhAruM chuM." paNa haeNlTameDenjhInuM kahevuM keie sAMbhaLyuM nahIM. isTa inDiyA kampanI hiMdustAnanA vepAranI AbAdI mATe bAvIsa lAkhanuM paNa nukazAna taratane mATe ke nahIM. hiMdustAnanA lekanI AbAdI mATe amane ghaNI ciMtA che ema heDethI kahetAM chatAM eka pAInuM paNa nukazAna khamavAne kampA

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282 prakaraNa che huM. taiyAra thAya nahIM. je mulakI jakAta rada karavAnuM kampanInA ja hAthamAM hoya te temanA amala daramIyAna te kadI paNa rada thaI na hota. paNa saddabhAgya kampanInA potAnAja nAkaree pharaja pADI. kampanIe pitAnA moTAmAM moTA ane sArAmAM sArA gavarnara-janarala lorDavilyima benkine mokalyA. temaNe saracArlsa velyanane A cIlA verAnA saMbaMdhamAM tapAsa karavA upara nImyA. velyane eka prakhyAta riporTamAM te rItanAM aniSTo dayAvinA khullAM kya. temAM batAvyuM hatuM ke baMgALAnA navAbanA vakhata karatAM A vakhatamAM A cIlA verAnAM du:khomAM vadhAro thayo che. cokIdAranA pagAra eTalA halakA che ke teo pAna sepArI vinA nathI zake ja nahIM. tene lIdhe tamAma pedAza marI gaI che ane mulakI vepAra pakSAghAtamAM paDelo che. musApharone herAna karavAmAM Ave che ane cekIethI pasAra thatI strIonI AbarU paNa nirbhaya nathI; ane julamanI A vizALa paddhati najIvI upaja mATe dezamAM rAkhavAmAM AvI che. levilyama benki velyanano riporTa prasiddha karyo ane mulakI vepAra uparanI jakAtanA bAra vagADyA. IgleMDamAM leDa elanabaroe A riporTa upADI lIdho ane 1835 mAM A rItanI aniSTatA vajanadAra bhASAmAM IsTa InDiyA kampanI AgaLa raju karI lakhyuM ke - "igleMDanA sutarAu mAla upara hiMdustAnamAM phakta rAA TakA jakAta levAya che, tyAre hiMdustAnanA mAla upara nIce pramANe jakAte levAya che. kAcA rU upara 5 TakA sutara che 7 , kApaDa upara ane je paravAne sapheta kApaDano laIne pachI tene raMgavAmAM AvyuM hoya te bIjA 2 ,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 293 ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ Ama ekaMdara hiMdustAnane hiMdustAnamAM ja sutara-kApaDa upara 17 TakA dANa levAya che. vagara keLavelAM cAmaDAM upara pAMca TakA jakAta che tene keLavIne taiyAra kare tyAre bIjA pAMca TakA, ane jyAre tenA joDA bane tyAre bIjA pAMca TakA; Ama hiMdustAnamAM cAmaDAnA mAla upara hiMdustAnamAMja vaparAya chatAM 15 TakA jeTaluM dANa che. ane emanI pitAnI khAMDa ? zaheramAM Ave tyAre 5 TakAnuM dANa ane pAMca TakA pAchI te upara jakAta ane je gAmamAMthI bahAra jAya tyAM pAchA pa TakA Ama hiMdustAnanI khAMDa hiMdustAnamAM ja vaparAya tyAM paNa 15 TakAnuM dANa levAya che. Ama kaMI theDIne ghaNI 235 cIje upara dezadANa che. emanA pitAnA gharanA vaparAzamAM AvatI dareka cIja upara dANa che ane te tathA jaDatI levAnI rItathI upajamAM kaMIpaNa vadhAre na thatAM lokane ghaNI herAnagatI ane duHkha che. jaDatInI sattAne je dareka dhaNI amala kare to tenA vilaMbathIja mAtra dareka tarehano vepAra paDI bhAge paNa jabarAIthI nANuM kaDhAvavAM heya tyAre ja tene amala karavAmAM Ave che. ApaNe ApaNI sattAthI kareDa mANasane mulakI vepAramAM pUrNa svataMtratA ApI zakIe chIe. huM dhAruM chuM ke A prAtanA loko uMghamI che, jamIna phalakUpa che, naikAne saMcAra thaI zake tevI nadI tenA eka cheDAthI bIjA cheDA sudhI AvelI che; ane niSpakSapAta kAyadAothI temanA mAlanuM rakSaNa thAya che. te, jo sarakAra potAnI rAjyanIti UMcA prakAranI rAkhe te jagatanI koI paNa prajA karatAM baMgALAnA lekone AbAdInAM vadhAre sAdhane maLI zake." paNa lerDa elanabarone koNa sAMbhaLe ? adhiSThAtrI sabhAe javAba dIdho ke A bAbatanI aniSTatAo hiMdustAnanI sarakAra samaje che, ane

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294 prakaraNa 6 DuM. jyAre anukUla jaNAze tyAre A mulakI jakAta kahADI nAMkhavAnI temanI icchA che. sthAnika sarakArane AvA viSayamAM jahAMgIrI hukama ApavA, e amane kavakhatanuM ane aniSTa jaNAya che. bIjA zabdomAM isTa inDiyA kampanIe hiMdanI sarakArane AgaLa dharIne sudhAro karavAnI potAnI pharajanI avagaNanA karI. A rIte durbhAgye bahu sAdhAraNa thaI paDI hoya ema jaNAya che. paNa bhAvInI vakratAthI A vakhate emanuM cAlyuM nahi. TrevelyananA riporTathI hiMdustAnane prajA mata hAlI uThayo hato; ane uttara prAMtamAM mi. rese pitAnI hakUmatamAM pitAnI javAbadArIthI mulakI jakAta kahADI nAMkhI ane lorDa vilyama benTikanI pachInA adhikArIe eja pramANe 1836 nA mArcanI pahelI tArIkhe baMgALAnI dANunI cekIo baMdha karI, ane e mahInAthI daravAjAnI jakAta paNa kahADI nAMkhI. adhiSThAtrI sabhAne A pagalAM pasaMda karavAnI to pharaja paDI paNa "upajanA nukazAnano badale levAnI kaMi paNa yojanA ghaDyA vinA Apa nAmadArane A kAma ekadama karavAnI jarUra paDI" tethI potAnI dIlagIrI batAvI. have ApaNe mahArANI vikaTerIAnA rAjyArohaNanA samaya sudhI AvI pahocyA chIe, paNa mulakI dANanI bAbata purI karavA sArU jarAka AgaLa jaIe. lorDa kalaMDa 1836 mAM mahArANInA pahelA gavarnara janarala thaine AvyA. paNa Ano amala eka moTA mumbaInA kAmathI AraMbhAyo. lorDa vilyama beTikanI zAnti karakasara ane sudhArAnI rAjyanItino anAdara karIne ApaNe aphaghAna yuddhamAM jhaMpalAvyuM. pariNAma e AvyuM ke eka mitra jevI laDAyaka prajAne zatru banAvI. 1842 mAM 4000 sainiko ane 12000 anuyAyio khAIne ApaNe pAchA AvavuM paDayuM. ane hiMdustAna nanI sarahada bahAranI laDAimAM hiMdustAnanI upajano bhoga apAyo.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 295 pachI lorDa elanabaro jemaNe ApaNe upara joyuM te pramANe deza dANa kahADI nAMkhavA prathama mehenata karI hatI teo 184ra mAM gavarnara janarala thaIne AvyA. temaNe 1843 mAM siMdhamAMthI, ane 1844 mAM eka kAyade karIne madrAsamAMthI deza dANa rada karyuM. 1853 mAM hAusa opha komansanI silekaTa kamiTimAM lorDa elanabaro. je eka sabhAsada hatA temaNe mi. velyana jeo sAkSi thaIne AvyA hatA temane A bAbatamAM savAla puchayo hato. javAbamAM temaNe kahyuM ke je mAro riporTa prasiddha na thayuM hatuM ane hamezanI rIta mujabaja tenI carcA thaI hatI te huM dhAruM chuM varSonAM varSo nIkaLI gayAM hata; paNa te riporTa prasiddha thayA ane sahune A deza dANanI rIta siMgha jaNAI, A vakhate hiMdustAnamAM eka sarakho siddha na hate kalakattAnA sikkA madrAsanA karatAM 6 TakA jeTaluM vadhAre kiMmatI hatI. mahera seLa rUpIA . mATe levAtI. paNa sonAnA bhAva rU. 18 sudhI pahoMcatAM teno upayoga baMdha thaI gayo. benka opha IgleMDanA gavarnare 1832 mAM potAnI jubAnImAM kahyuM hatu ke - hiMdustAnamAM vAstavika calaNa rUpAnuM hevAthI senAne siko cAlato nathI tema cAlaze paNa nahi. senAnu calaNa hiMdustAnamAM amalamAM mukavAnI bAbatamAM huM virUddha chuM. rAtA samudra dvArA IgleMDa ane hiMda vacce AgaboTane vahevAra zarU thaI gayA hatA. paNa hajI temAM kharaca bahu paDatuM. te vakhate muMbaIthI svejha jatAM tetrIsa divasa thatA. atyAre tenA cothA bhAgane ja vakhata lAge che, baMgALAnI nadIomAM AgaboTanA vahevAra zarU karavAnI ane prayAga

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281 prakaraNa 6 huM, ane kalakattA vacce eka prayogayAtrA karavAnI carcA cAlI hatI. mi. pinsepe A bAbatamAM cheka 1828 mAM eka yojanA raju karI hatI. teNe lakhyuM che ke cInanI nadIo sivAya AkhA jagatamAM bIjI kaI nadI nathI ke jyAM gaMgA nadI jevo vyavahAra cAlato hoya. 1780 mAM mAtra A nadImAM vahANa calAvavAnA dhaMdhAmAM trIsa hajAra mANasone nirvAha thato hato. te pachI A saMkhyAmAM vadhAre thayo hato. eka kSaNa paNa evI nathI jaNAtI ke je vakhate A nadImAM vahANonI paraMparA AvajA karatI na hoya. A vyavahAra musApharI ane vepAranI keTalI sevA kare che tenI gaNatrI paNa thaI zakatI nathI." atyAranI relave vepAranI vadhAre saMgIna sevA bajAve che. paNa te paradezI muDIthI baMdhAyelI che, ane paradezI bhAgIdArone vyAja Ape che. ane lAkho khalAsIo vahANa bAMdhanArAo gADAMvALAMo ane baLadanI poThA rAkhanArAeno pitAne dhaMdhe guma thayela che. A arasAmAM nahera relvenA savAlanI carcA thaI hatI. nahera ane eka saDakanI re ve bAMdhavAnuM kharaca sarakhu thaze evI gaNatrI karavAmAM AvI hatI. Azare mAila ekanA 900 pAuMDa. ane naheramAMthI 190 pAuMDa upaje ane relavemAMthI 175 pAuMDanI upaja thAya. vyavahAranI naheramAM pANI pAvA mATe hera bAMdhavI paDe tenA jevA kAmanI jema jarUra nathI tema te kAma tethI bahu judA prakAranuM paNa nathI. paNa jAnavarathI cAle tevI relave bAMdhavI e sAdAmAM sAdu kAma che; ane temAM herenA pramANamAM kaMI muzkelI nathI. temaja reve hera karatAM vadhAre pasaMda karavA lAyaka che, kAraNake temAM pANI joituM nathI. paNa savAla e che je aMdaranA vyavahAra sudhAravAmAM je kharaca karavAmAM Ave tenA karatAM pANI pAvAnI je nahero atyAre che te athavA navI bAMdhavAmAM Ave tene upara kharca karavAmAM vadhAre phAyado che ke nahi te jovAnuM che. ahIM je

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 297 rela rastAonI vAta karIe chIe te jAnavaranI zaktithI vAparavAnA rastAoneja mATe. kAraNa ke enjinanA vaparAzanA ratAnI vAta karIe temAM te kAmano phera paDI jAya che. ane kharaca paNa ghaNuM ja vadhI jAya che, kemake je DhoLAva ane vAMka jAnavaranA rastAmAM rAkhI zakAya te enjinamAMrAkhI zakAya nahi. mencesTara ane lIvarapura vacce enjinanI relamAM mAIlanA 25000 pAuMDa kharaca thayuM hatuM. jyAre iMglaMDamAM jAnavaranI relavenI bevaDI saDakamAM mAtra 5000 pAuDaja kharacanA AvyA hatA. hamaNAM taLAva khAtAmAM je kAma cAle che temAM thoDAMka gADAM ane salepATa mokalI dIdhA hoya te mane yogya jaNAya che. eka hajAra vAra jeTalA bevaDA salepATa tAtkAlika upayoga sArU IglAMDamAM jevA vaparAya che tevA 250 pAuMDamAM mokalAvI zakAya." * relave ane hera vaccenI jabarI carcAne AmAM AraMbha thAya che. A carcA pachInA dasakAomAM cAlI hatI. ane relavene pasaMda karavAmAM AvI, ane hiMdustAnanI khetIne phAyado kare tevI nahera baMdha rahI. briTiza vepArIonI hiMdustAnanI sarakAra upara eTalI vaga hatI ke hiMdustAnanI sarakAre hiMdamAM relave bAMdhavA sArU jAmInagIrIo ApI. 1900 nI sAla sudhI 225000000 pAuDa relave pAchaLa kharacAyA temAM hiMdustAnane kAMIpaNa nake te maLyo nahi, paNa ulaTo 40000000 nuM nukasAna lakhAyuM. ane hiMdanI khetInA hitanI tulanA eTalI theDI hatI ke nahero pAchaLa 1900 sudhI mAtra 25,000000 pAuMDa kharcAyA hatA ane hiMdustAnamAM jyAre vIsa karoDa ekara jamIna varSovarSa kheDAya che tyAre AvI rItanI herathI mAtra be karoDa ekara jamInanuMja rakSaNa thAya che.

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298 prakaraNa 7 mu'. prakaraNa 7 su'. rAjyavyavasthA. vArana hesTiMgsa ane lA kArnavAlise vahIvaTI ane insArI khAtAnA rAjyakArabhAra mATe je pagalAM bharyAM hatAM, te sabaMdhI vivecana pUrve AvI gayuM che. emAM dhaNuM sArU hatu. paNa tenI sAthe keTalAMka dUSaNA paNa hatAM ane te dUSaNA vakhata jate vRddhi pAmyAM. nyAyakhAtAnI je racanA karI hatI te ka nInI dasa karoDa raiyata mATe puratI na hatI; temaja A meTI sudharelI vasatinA jAnamAlanA rakSaNanI gaThavaNamAM temanI potAnI sahAyatAne asvIkAra paNa tenI niSphaLatAnuM kAraNa hatuM, yurepiyana nyAyAdhIzone leAkanI bhASAnuM jJAna na hatuM temaja temanA rItavAjanI paNa khabara na hatI. temanA tAbAnA dezI adhikArIe halakA pagAranA hatA tethI rUsvatIyA hatA ane insApha vecAvA lAgyo. adhurAmAM purU mukaddamAnI saMkhyA eTalI badhI vadhI paDI ane niya ApatAM eTalA vilaba thavA mAMDayA ke insAphanAM dvAra baMdha thai gayA jevu ja thai paDayu, sAkSIenAM lazkarAne dUranI korTamAM hAjara rahevA sArU kheMcAvuM paDe, ane te eTale sudhI ke Akhare hiMdu musalamAna, sahu sAkSI tarIke kAi khelAve teA peAtAneja eka meTI zikSA thai ema mAnavA lAgyA. insApU vadhAre kharcALa karavA mATe judI judI tarehanI rIe levA mAMDI. nyAyAdhIzone vadhArAnI sattAe ApavAmAM AvI ane kAma ochu karavA mATe apIlanA hukkA ochA karavAmAM AvyA, AvI aniSTatA dUra karavA sArU dareka saMtApajanaka upAyA ajamAvI joyA. jyAre upAya mAtra ekaja hatA ke leAkAnI sahAyatA svIkAravI ane insAphanu kAma temane potAne sevuM, milanA itihAsanA anusaMdhAnamAM vilsana lakhe

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika pratihAsa, 299 che ke-yurepiyA AvyA pahelAM seMkaDA varSoM sudhI nyAyavyavasthA leAkeA poteja pharatA; samAja ekaTho rahI zakayA hatA ane musAphare ane itihAsakArA jaNAve che te pramANe evA paNu vakhata hatA ke jyAre hiMdustAnamAM puSkaLa vastI hatI, leAkeA bAda ane sukhI hatA. . ogaNIsamA saikAnI zarUAtamAM dIvAnI insAphanA khAtAmAM AvI khAmIo hatI; paNa pheAjadArI insAphanA khAtAnI khAmIe ethI paNa vadhAre hatI. baMgALAmAM DaMkAiTa e nAmanA luTArAnI TALIo ubharAtI hatI, ane halakA pagAranI ane rUsvatIA polIsanI madadavALA mAjIsTreTA temane aMkuzamAM lAvI zakatA na hatA. meTA zahezamAM ane vepAranA mathakAmAM mAthA vinAnA thaIne A leke lUTA calAvatA gAmaDAMotA satata trAsamAMja rahetAM, ane lUTArAonI ToLInA prakhyAta mukhIne pALa ApatAM. sane 1800 thI 1810 sudhI A dezamAM avicchinna trAsa vartI rahyA hatA. baMgALAnA rAbarAyanAM parAkramAnAM bajAromAM varNana thatAM. mejIsTreTa ane polIsa azakta hatI ane lokA daivane zaraNa thayA. lorDaminTenTe eka miniTamAM lakhe che ke sarve -parisattAnI najara nIceja temanI rAjadhAnImAMja, jyAM lAkA rakSaNanI sahuthI vadhAre AzA rAkhI zake, tyAM, AvI rAkSasI ane atyanta avyasthita vastusthIti cAlatI hatI. A avyavasthAne dUra karavA dhImA upAyeA kAme lagADavAnuM banI zake tema na hatuM. ApaNI najara nIceja lAkA maratA hatA. jeTalA vilaMba thAya che eTalA puSkaLa vasativALA dezeAnA rakSaNahIna lokeAnA duvane najIka lAve che. A duHkha dUra karavA je upAye! yeAjavAmAM AvyA te darada karatAM vadhAre kharAba hatA. gunhAne dAkhI devAmAM e mejIsTreTAnI sAthe rahIne kAma karavA sArU e yurepiyana polisa suprinTenDenTa nImyA; lUMTaphATa baMdha pADavA sArU khAsa sattAvALA khAsa mejIsTreTane nImavAmAM AvyA. temaNe zakadAra mAbrusa virUddha bAtamI ApavA sArU bAtamIdArA nImyA, ane ArIte gunhAnI

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prakaraNa 7 muM. kharAbImAM bAtamIdAronAM duHkho bhaLyAM. khoTI pharIyAdo uparathI gAmaDAonA lokone vivekavinA pakaDavA mAMDavA; mahInAo sudhI ane vakhate varSonAM varSo sudhI jelamAM rahe te pachI temanA upara kAma paNa cAlatAM ane keTalIka vAra te jelamAM pUrI thatA. baMgALAnI pratyeka jelo seMkaDe ane hajAro nirdoSa mANasothI ubharAtI hatI; ane gAmaDAnA lokone mAjIsTreTanA karatAM bAtamIdAranA TheSane vadhAre bhaya rahe. 1813 mAM adhiSThAtrI sabhAe IMglaMDamAM vasatA adhikArIone nyAyakhAtA saMbaMdhe keTalAka prazno pUchyA temAMno moTo bhAga hajI dezIo insAphanA kAmane mATe nA lAyaka che e jUnA vicArane ja vaLagI rahyA. A vicAramAM eka guNa e hato ke insAphanI meTI jagAo potAnA bhAI bhatrIjA ane sagAMvahAlAM mATe beTAI rakhAtI hatI. paNa kampanInA karamAMnA DAhyA ane vicAravAna nekare A matanuM pikaLapaNuM samajI zakatA hatA, ane teoe spaSTa abhiprAya Ape ke hiMdustAnane lekanI pitAnI sahAyatA vinA vyavasthAmAM rAkhavuM muzkela che. A abhiprAya te vakhate hI manAto hato. baMgALAvALA sarahanisTreci, madrAsanA Tomasa mane ane muMbaInA karnala vaikaranAM mubArakanAma A abhiprAyane mATe smaraNamAM rAkhavA jevAM che. ma-madrAsa, A abhiprAyonI asara IgleMDanA prajAmata upara thaI, ane hiMdustAnanA insArI khAtAmAM sudhArA karavAno adhiSThAtrI sabhAe vicAra karyo. temaNe A bAbatanI tapAsa karavA saraTomasa mananA pramukhapaNa nIce eka khAsa kamizana nImyuM te sane 1814 nA jUnamAM iMgleDathI cAlyo, ane cAra mahInAmAM madrAsa utaryo. nAtAla zarU thatAM pahelAM te teNe potAnI sUcanAo sarakAra AgaLa rajupaNa karI, je nIce mujaba hatI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane 1 kalekTarane mejIsTreTanI sattA ApavI; ane gAmaDAMonI polisanI vyavasthA gAmaDAMomAMnA mukhIone ja soMpavI. (2) grAma paMcAyatanuM punaH sthApana karavuM. (3) dezI DisTrikaTa jaje ane kamizanaro nImavA. (4) piTA kAyadAono amala karavAnI kalekaTarane satA ApavI. (5) jamInadAranI mAla japta karavAnI sattA upara aMkuza mUkavA. (6) sImAnI takarAronA nIkAla kalekaTare karavA. A cha sUcanAomAM be mukhya tara jovAmAM Ave che. paheluM e ke nyAya khAtuM, gAmanA mukhI, DisTrikaTa jaja ane kamizanara tarIke dezIonA hAthamAM rAkhavuM. ane bIju ke vasulAtI adhikArInuM mejIsTreTanuM ane polIsanuM e traNe kAme eka adhikArInI eTale DisTakaTa kalekaTaranA hAthamAM ekatra karavuM. pahele vicAra mAtra aMzataH amalamAM mUkAya che ane hajI DisTrikaTa jUnI jagAo yuropiyanane mATe beTI rAkhavAmAM AvI che. ene bIje vicAra te vakhatanI avyavasthA ane arAjyane mATe nyAyayukta haze, paNa te durbhAgye atyAra sudhI amalamAM che. A kamizane keTalI mahenata ane patravyavahAra pachI madrAsanI sarakAra AgaLa sAta kAyadAo raju karyA. adhiSThAtrI sabhAnA patro paNa 1815 nA Disembara sudhImAM AvI pahoMcyA, madrAsa sarakAranI ane mukhya adAlatanI sUcanAnusAra keTalAka pheraphAro karavAmAM AvyA; ane Akhare 1816 mAM seLa kAyadAo pasAra thayA. A kAyadAonI tAtkAlika asara e thaI ke madrAsamAM dezIone moTI saMkhyAmAM javAbadArInI nokarIo maLI ane nyAyakhAtAnuM ghaNuM kAma emanA hAthamAM AvyuM. A sudhAre kampanInA vicAravaMta mekaree ghaNuM varSathI dhArI mukyo hato. ane te rAjya vahIvaTane sArA pAyA upara mUkavA mATe jarUrane hati. Tomasa mane e pahelavahelee amalamAM mUkyo.

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302 prakaraNa 7 mu. A sevA bajAvavA mATe kaiM opha DirekTaroe madrAsa sarakAra rUbarU saraTAmasa manAnI ghaNI praza MsA karI ane hi MdustAnanA prajAmate te prazaMsAne pUrNa anumedana ApyuM. tApaNa kahevu joie ke maneAnA keTalAka hetu hajI saphaLa thayA nathI. gAmaDAMonI polisa grAmaNIonA hAthamAM mUkavAne tene yatna cheDI devAmAM AvyA ane atyAre AkhA hiMdustAnane mATe pelisanu eka juduja daLa che. temaja paMcAyatanI yAjanA sajIvana karavAnA yatna paNa niSphaLa gayeA. tenAM kAraNe khIje ThekANe ApyAM che vadhAre sArI tajavIjathI gAma pAMcAnI yeAjanA karavAne vakhata have AvI paheAMcyA che jyAM sudhI sarakAra e yojanA amalamAM nahI mUke tyAM sudhI leAka sAthe iSTa saMbaMdhamAM AvI zakaze nahI. bIjI tarapha manAe karelI bhUla-kalekaTara mejIsTreTa ane peAlIsanA AdhakAra ekaja hAthamAM mUkavAnI bhUla-kAyama thai gai che. A bhUla thai te vakhata sane 1815-16 mAM paNa madrAsanI sarakAre sakhta vAMdhA lIdhe hatA te saMbaMdhe madrAsa sarakAranA sabhAsada mi. jhularaTana e bAbatamAM spaSTa zabdamAM lakhe che keH-- " mane khAtrI che ke kalekaTaranA hAthamAM mejIsTreTane adhikAra mUkavAthI evA sayAga Avaze ke je nyAyapaddhati dAkhala karavAthI je phAyado thaze tene rada karaze. kAraNa ke tethI vahIvaTI adhikArIonA hAthamAM vadhAre paDatI sattA Avaze ane nyAyakhAtAnA rakSaNamAM lekane je zraddhA besavA mAMDI che te ochI thaze. " madrAsa sarakAranA paNa eja abhiprAya hatA. temanu dhAravuM evuM hatu ke kalekaTaranA hAthanAM peAlIsanI dekharekha rAkhavAmAM vAMdhe nathI paNa mejIsTreTanA adhikAra te tenA hAthamAM rahevuM naja joie. A savAla cheka adhiAtrI sabhAnI pAse gayA ane temane madrAsanI sarakArane mata rada karI vahIvaTI ane mejIsTreTanI sattA eka hAthamAM rAkhavAnuM majura karyuM.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. madrAsanI sarakAre A hukama mAnya to rAkhyo paNa bahuja dIlagIrI sAthe robarTa phularaTane pharIthI noMdha karI ke, mane bahu zoka thAya che ke mArA abhiprAya uparI sattAnA hukama ane abhiprAyothI jUdA nIvaDe che; paraMtu te kAraNathI huM te badalI zakatA nathI. vacamAM vicAra karavAnI taka maLatAM ane te pachI maLelA dastAvejonuM manana karatAM mArA pUrvanA abhiprAya daDhatara thAya che. ane mane vadhArene vadhAre khAtrI thatI jAya che ke eka jIllAnI tamAma mejIsTreTane adhikAra ekalA kalekaTara nAja hAthamAM rAkhavAthI-jemAMno ghaNo bhAga dezI madadanIzane saMpa paDaze ane jenA upara jIllAnA jajajanI koIkavAra mulAkAta thAya te prasaMga sivAya bIjI rItane aMkuza rahevAno nathI-pariNAma e Avaze ke vahIvaTI khAtAmAM eTalI badhI sattA Avaze ke jenA durUpayoga sAme koI paNa kAyade sara ane asarakAraka upAya raheze nahi." muMbaI have ApaNe muMbaI, tarapha vaLIe. muMbaI,baMgALA ane madrAsabriTiza sarakAranA hAthamAM AvyAM te pachI ardhA saikA pachIthI AvyuM hatuM. 1757nA plAsInA yuddha pachI baMgALAmAM briTiza sattAne daDha amala besI gayA hatA, ane 1761 mAM vaeNnDivaMzanuM yuddha thayA pachI madrAsamAM paNa pazcima hiMdustAnamAM hajI vorana hesTiMgsa ane loDa veslInAM yuddha chatAM marAThAo potAnI mahattA jALavI rahyA hatA. briTiza AyudhanI madadathI 1802 mAM chellA pezvAne punAnI gAdIe besADavAmAM AvyA hatA, ane tahanAmAnI rUie pitAnA rAjyanI hadamAM eka briTiza sainya te rAkhatA hatA. ahIMA pezvAIna aMtanI zarUAta thaI. pitAnA navA maLatIyAnuM sattAnuM baLa pezvAne tarataja jaNAyuM; ane tenA aMkuza nIce asvastha rahevA lAgyA. Akhare teNe burakhe kahADI nAMkhyo. eka laDAImAM temaNe hAra khAdhI; ane 1817 mAM pezvAne mulaka briTiza khAlasA karyo..

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prakaraNa 7 mu madrAsane rAjyavahIvaTa susthita karavAmAM je kAma manrAe kareluM' te subainA saMbaMdhamAM elphinsTane. elphinsTana sattara varSanI umare 1796 nI sAlamAM hiMdustAnamAM AvyA hatA. sAta varSa pachI pAchaLathI Dayuka ek veliMgTana tarIke prasiddha thayelA sara ArtharaveslInA khAnagI kArabhArI tarIke nAkarI karavAnI tene taka maLI. sane 1803 mAM esenA yuddhamAM te DayukanI tahenAtamAM hatA. ane nAgapuranA resiDanTa tarIke 1804 thI 1808 sudhImAM tene marAThA kArabhAranuM rahasya samajavAnA prasaMga maLye hateA. te pachI tene kAbula meAkalavAmAM AvyA hatA ane te prasaMgamAM tyAMnA leAka ane sa MsthAe saMbaMdhe eka bahuja sArU pustaka teNe racyuM. tyAMthI pAchA AvyA pachI 1916 mAM tene punAnA resiDanTa tarIke nImavAmAM ANye. ane tyAM je rAjyakrAnti thai temAM tene agatyane bhAga bajAvavAneA hateA. 1817 mAM A rAjyakrAnti AvI; chellA pezvA bAjIrAvane urADI mUkce; ane dakSiNa briTiza hAthamAM sara thayuM . 304 cyA navA mulakanA ekinsTanane hebA anubhava hovAthI tenA vahIvaTa sArU te sarvathI vadhAre lAyaka hatA. 1818 nA jAnyuArImAM tene dakSiNanA kamIzanara tarIke nImyA. 1819 mAM te muMbainA gavarnara nImAyA. A adhikAra teNe ATha varSa sudhI bhAgabyA ane te daramIyAna teNe pazcima hiMdustAnanA briTiza vahIvaTanA pAyeA nAMkhyA. A udAra rAjapuruSa traNa meATAM kAmethI prakhyAta thayA che. kAyadAnA sa Mgraha, te vakhate jeTaluM zakya hatu teTale sudhI bhAratavAsIone rAjyavyava sthAnA adhIkAra ApyA te, ane lekemAM saMgIna phaLavIne pasAra, te evA hetuthI ke bhaviSyamAM tee pAtAnI bAbatamAM vadhAre javAbadArIvALA bhAga lai zake, paheluM kAma teNe bahu sArI ane sASakAraka rIte bajAvyuM. muMbainA

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* briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 705 mannammmmmmmm tamAma kAyadAono viSayavAra goThavaNavALo eka saMgraha karyo. A saMgrahamAM 27 nAnA moTA kAyadAo che temAM prakaraNe pADelAM ane kalame ghaDelI che. te baMgALAnA kAyadA jevAja viSayonA kAyadA che paNa phera eTale che ke temAM jadArI kAyadAne samUha AvI jAya che. A uparAMta elaphinsTane lokonA pitAnA kAnuno ane rItarivAjone saMgraha karAvyuM. teNe eka ThekANe lakhyuM che ke jene ApaNe "hiMdu zAstra" e nAma ApIe chIe te mAtra brAhmaNone ja lAgu paDe che. dareka nAtanA kAyadA ane rivAje judA judA che. pratyeka jJAtisamudAya ane kemekemanA kAyadA kAnune saMgraha karavAna elaphinsTanane irAde hato. A irAde tenA svabhAvane anusAra hatuM, paNa tene amalamAM mUkavAnuM asaMbhavita hatuM. ane te saMgraha apUrNa rA. hiMdustAnamAM uttama rAjya puruSa IgleMDanA UMcAmAM UMcA vicAro ane vidyAnA saMbaMdhamAM hamezAM rahe che tenuM eriphansaTana eka daSTAnta che. ahIM jyAre kAyadAone saMgraha karAvato hato tyAre jeremi benyAmanA pustakone te abhyAsa karato hato, tenA saMbaMdhamAM te sTrecine lakhe che ke - jeremi benjAma saMbaMdhe tame je hevAla Ape che tethI mane ghaNo AnaMda thayo, ane temanA saMbaMdhamAM maTI jIjJAsA hatI te Aje tapta thaI. kharekhara te pahelA varganI buddhino mANasa che paNa tenI sAthe pahelA varganI vilakSaNatAne paNa te mANasa che ane huM dhAruM chuM ke tene siddhAMto ane tenI rItabhAtamAM A asthiratA AvavAnuM kAraNa jagata sAthe teno saMbaMdha bahu a9pa che e haze. teNe mane pitAnAM pustaka bheTa mokalyAM tethI mane ghaNuM sAruM lAgyuM hatuM. kharekhara A mAna bIjA kyA graMthakAra pAsethI maLyuM hoya to tenI vadhAre kiMmata karavI tenI mane khabara nathI. Aja patramAM te lakhe che ke, jyAre meM tamane prathama lakhyuM hatuM tyAre baMgALAnA kAunselarone 20

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306 prakaraNa 7 mu. kAme lagADI brAhmaNonA vakhatanA hiMdu kAyadA ane mahArASTranA rivAjone saMgraha karavA mATe irAde hatA paNa maLe tevA kAma karanArA maLyA nahi, ane A rAdo bara lAvavAnA meM jema jema vadhAre vicAra karyA tema tema mane te vadhAre ne vadhAre bhAre jaNAyA. hiMdanA itihAsakArAe A vAta spaSTa karIne tAvI nathI ke chellA 150 varSamAM hiMdustAnanA rAjyavahIvaTanI gati huMmezAM yuropanA itihAsanA prabhAvathI racAye gai che. kreDrika dhigreTanAM yuddothI ja iMglaMDa ane phrAnsa vacce laDAio thai, jenA pariNAmamAM phrencanA paga hiMdamAMthI TaLyA. nepeliyananA yudghAeja vellI ane lerDa hesTIMgse vherI lIdhelAM yuddheAne janma ApyA hatA. te pachI iMglaMDamAM nyAyanA vahIvaTI ane khInna AMtara sudhArAonA yatne zarU thayA, ane teNe hiMdustAnamAM tevA sudhArAone janma Apyo; ane madrAsa muMbai ane baMgALAmAM leAkane rAjyakAryamAM vadhAre bhAga maLyA. te pachInA 70 varSanI daramiyAna paNa iMglAMDamAM jyAre jyAre zAnti ane sudhArAnA yuga pravarto hatA, tyAre hiMdamAM paNa kASTha prakAranA sudhArA thatA hatA, ane jyAre jyAre tyAM yuddha tarapha valaNa dekhAtuM tyAre ahIM paNa mhArI tRSNAvALI ceAjanAe ane vakhate mUrkhAibharI laDAine janma maLatA. ApaNA dezamAM lokapratinidhi jevuM kAMi na hAvAthI deza aneka arthamAM iMgleMDane AdhIna rahe che; ane hiMdustAnanA leAkeAne ghaNI vAra IMgleMDanA leAkanI kSaNika dhelachAne lIdhe akuzala rAjya kArabhAra ne mUrkhAka bharelI laDAinAM kharacAne tAbe thavu paDayu che. je samayanI vAta A prakaraNamAM cAle che te vakhate iMglAMDamAM bahu tandurasta prakAranI nIti cAlatI hatI; ane tene laine manA, elphinsTana ane enTinkane hiMdustAnamAM kAyadAonA sudhArA karavAnuM mana thayuM eTaluM ja nahi paNu rAjya vahIvaTamAM yeAgya bhAga mAgavAnA lokonA upakrama upara anugrahanI dRSTithI jovAyuM; elphinsTananA abhiprAyA paNa manAnA jevAja sa`gIna ane talasparza

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 3.0 hatA, ane te vicAre jyAre tyAre te savAlanI carcA thatI tyAre tyAre teNe padmAmAM ane noMdhAmAM batAvyA che. 1882 mAM manA upara lakhelA patramAMnA nIcenA utArA eka udAharaNa rUpe ahIM ApyA che. 46 meM sAMbhakhkhu` che ke tame eka svadezI sabhA jevu kAMika madrAsamAM sthApyuM che. te ye|janAnA svarUpatI. mane mAhitI . Apaze te tamAza ghaNA upakAra mAnIza. mane tene eka lAbha e jaNAyA che. ke tethI dezIAne UMcI ane javAbadArIvALI jagyAonA adhikAra ApavAnI taka apAya che; e yeAjanA nyAya athavA khIjA koi khAtAmAM amalamAM mUkI za krAya evI che ke kema te bAbatamAM tamAre abhiprAya jANavAnI mane icchA che. dezIo upara rAjya calAvavA sArU sArA dezI salAhakArA Avazyaka che te ne spaSTa che, paNa te uparAMta dezIone peAtAnA dezanA rAjyavahIvaTamAM kAMI bhAga ApavAne rasto saraLa karavA te paNa jarUratuM che. A pramANe karavAtI ApaNane pharaja paDavAne hajI vakhate pacAsa varSanI vAra che, paNu rAjyanI ane keLavaNInI je paddhati ApaNe sthApita karI che, te lenA manamAM kAika dahADA paNa evA pheraphAra karaze ke jethI mAtra tAbAnI nekarIomAM temane pUrI rAkhavA e vakhate sa Mbhavita nahi rahe; ane jo ApaNe prathamathI temanA sAmarthya ane abhilASAne mATe yAgya ddAra nahi pUrAM pADyAM hoya tA evA dhaDAkA thaze ke je ApaNA rAjyane vakhate uthalAvI nAMkhe, cAra varSe pachI henri elisa upara lakhelA eka patramAM elphinsTana A bAbatamAM pariva thayelA potAnA abhiprAya vadhAre joradAra bhASAmAM lakhe che. haMmezAM mane ema sUjhe che ke ApaNe jevA cInAo ane TArTAranA sabaMdha che tevI rItane saMbadha, hiMdustAnanI raiyata sAthe hAvA joie. sarvopari rAjyasattA ane lazkarI sattA ApaNA hAthamAM rAkhavI ane AkhA ya trane gati ane teja ApI zakAya eTalA kAbu rAkhIne bAkInI *

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8 prakaraNa 7 muM. badhI vahIvaTI sattA dhIme dhIme cheDI devI. A sthiti evI dhImI dhImI AvavAnI ke tethI peAtAnA lAgatAvaLagatAone jagAe ApavAnA sa dhamAM DAirekaTarone khavAne kAMi kAraNa nathI paNa A dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joie ane ApaNe je pagalAM laie te badhAnI gati te tarapha hAvI joie. ,, elphinsTane A abhiprAya peAtAnI jIMdagI paryaMta kAyama rAkhyo ane upadezyA. hiM dustAnamAMthI uparAma lIdhAne vIsa varSa thai gayA pachI jyAre te saremAM peAtAnA makAnamAM peAtAnAM pustakAnA sahavAsamAM zAnta ane nivRttiparAyaNa jIvana gALatA hatA te vakhate paNa tenA patramAM Aja abhiprAyaH dRSTigocara thAya che. A vakhate hi MdustAna saMbadhI bAbatamAM temane pramANa gaNavAmAM AvatA hatA ane anekavAra gavarnara-janaralanA adhikAra upara javAne temane dabANe karavAmAM AvI cUkyAM hatAM.'ApaNA temaja temanA ane mAkInA badhA jagatanA svArthane lAbha thAya tevI rIte dezI rAjya calAvatA cAya teTale sudhInI sthitimAM temane lAvI mUkavA tarapha ApaNe zrama karaveza joie, ane ApaNA zramanA phaLa tarIke A meTuM parAkrama karyAneA yaza ane ApaNI karaja bajAvyAneA sa tASaja gaNavA joie"; A temanA mata hateA. peAtAnA rAjya vahIvaTa daramiyAna A siddha karavA mATe elphansTane enAthI banyuM teTalu karyuM hatu. ane manAe madrAsane dAkhalA khesADaye hatA tene laine muMbai ilAkAmAM nyAyakhAtAmAM dezIone mATe bhAga ApavAne te zaktivAna thayA hatA. elphinsTananA rAjya vahIvaTane trIjo ane sahuthI meTa hetu lekamAM keLavaNInA pracAra karavAnA hatA. A vakhate muMbaI keLavaNInI bAbatamAM sarva karatAM vadhAre pachAta hatuM. isTa inDiyA kaMpanInA dharmagurue theADI dharmAdAnI zALA upara dekharekha rAkhatA, ane mizanarIonA prayatna paNa 1814 mAM je thADA mizanarIe muMbaimAM AvelA temanA hAthamAMja samAI rahyA hatA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 38 eliphansTane 1820 mAM eka jAhera sabhAnuM pramukha pada svIkArI nirdhanane keLavaNInuM uttejana ApavAne mATe eka sabhA sthApI. teNe pustako chapAvavA ane inAmo ApavAmAM 50000 pAuMDanI bakSisa ApI ane te pachInAM soLa varSa sudhI Aja sabhA mAraphata dezI bhASAmAM keLavaNI apAI. prAthamika keLavaNInA saMbaMdhamAM paNa savistara tapAsa karavI zarU karI ane A tapAsanuM pariNAma je 1872 mAM prasiddha thayuM hatuM temAMthI mAlUma paDI AvyuM ke muMbaI ilAkAmAM 1705 zALAo hatI ane 35143 vidyArthIo vidyAbhyAsa karatA hatA. tyAre vasati lagabhaga pacAsa lAkhanI hatI. UMcI keLavaNIno pracAra karavAnA yanamAM elphinsTanane potAnI ja rAjyasabhAnI ane adhiSThAta maMDaLanI pratikULatA hatI. jAvAna sivilyAne mATe ane dezI amalarone keLavaNI ApavAnA khAsa hetuthI muMbaImAM eka moTI pAThazALA sthApavA elphinsTananI icchA hatI. enI rAjyasabhAe A khAsa hetunI bAbatamAM pratikUlatA batAvI; ane AkhI yejanA adhiSThAtu maMDaLe maMjura karI nahi. sAmAnya keLavaNI mATe elphinsTane evI darakhAsta karI ke - (1) dezI nizALo sudhAravA ane vadhAravI; (2) temane mATe zALA graMtho pUrA pADavA; (3) halakI kemene keLavaNu levAne uttejana ApavuM (4) yuropIyana vidyA zIkhavavAne navI zALAo sthApavI; (5) dezI bhASAmAM nIti ane zArIrika vidyAnAM pustaka taiyAra karavAM; (6) IMgrejI bhaNAvavA sArU navI nizALo sthApavI. . (7) ane lekone dareka rIte vighAnI bAbatamAM uttejana ApavuM. adhiSThAtR maMDaLanuM samAdhAna karavA mATe eliphanTane evI dalIla karI ke A navI nizALonuM kharaca ghaNuM veDuM thaze ane tenA bhAga gAmaDAMo

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- 1 prakaraNa 7 muM. uThAvI leze. paraMtu A yojanAone paNa teNe hiMdustAna choDayuM te pahelAM maMjurI maLI nahi. muMbaImAM pahelI aMgrejI nizALa 1828 mAM ughaDI. A vakhate eliphansTanane muMbaI che eka varSa thaI gayuM hatuM. te ja varSamAM pUnAnI saMskRta pAThazALAnI sAthe eka aMgrejI khAtuM jeDayuM ane muMbaIvALI mahAna eliphansTana pAThazALA to 1834 pahelAM sthapAI na hatI. eliphansTananA A kAryanA hevAlane aMte. 1824 nA tenA daphatarI lekhamAMthI thoDAka phakarA ApIe. te lakhe che ke - ApaNA hiMdI rAjyanA saMbaMdhamAM ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke ApaNe pUrvanAM rAjyane uthalAvI nAMkhyAM ane dezanI dhanADhayatAnAM sarva sAdhano baMdha karyA; ane tenI sAthe ApaNe pote eka paNa kAma upayoganuM ke bhapakAnuM karI batAvyuM nathI. paNa huM dhAruM chuM ke A nyAyasara nathI, vadhAre nyAya pura:sara to ema kahI zakAya evuM che ke ApaNe tadezIya janasamAjanA buddhinA jharA sukAvI nAMkhyA che, ane ApaNA vijayane svabhAvaja evo che ke jJAnanA vadhArAnuM sarva prakAranuM uttejana naSTa thayuM che eTaluM ja nahi paNa A lekanI vidyamAna vivA paNa guma thaI javAne ane pUrvanA medhAvI purUSonAM pustake bhulAI javAno saMbhava che. A ThabakAne dUra karavA kharekhara kAMIka karavAnI jarUra che. teja varSamAM teo lakhe che ke je rAjAnI nokarIo mATe taddezIya lokone yogya karavAnI saMbhALa rAkhavAmAM Ave ane pachIthI temane nokarI levAne uttejana ApIe to A citra tarataja palaTAI jAya. paNa thoDI mudatamAM je rIte atyAre yuropiyana jIllAnA vibhAgo upara dekharekha rAkhe che te pramANe dezIone rAkhatA paNa ApaNe joie. AgaLa jatAM teo rajIsTrAra ane sabakalekaTara ane leTaraane jajaja suddhAMtanA adhikAra upara AvI zake ane rAjyataMtra ane

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. lazkarI sattA yurepiyanenA hAthamAM rahe ane vahIvaTI vagere khAtAnI jagAone moTe bhAga, ane lazakarI khAtAnI tAbAnI jagAomAMnI ghaNI dezIonA hAthamAM rahe evI, sthiti cinAo ane tArtarIne loko vacce jevI che tevI, aMgrejI ane dezIo vaccenA saMbaMdhanI sthitino vicAra karavo e kevaLa svapnavatuM nahi gaNAya. e jamAnAnA be moTAmAM moTA rAjapuruSa ekaja varSamAM hiMdustAnamAMthI lupta thayA. sara Tomasa mane 1827 mAM maraNa pAmyA ane eliphansTane cAra mAsa pachI hiMdustAna cheDyuM. te ja varSamAM levilyama benTika gavarnarajanaralanA pada upara nImAyA, ane mane ane eliphansTane zarU kareluM kAma pUrNa karavAnuM temane hAtha AvyuM. lerDa vilyama benki, - je vakhate lorDa vilyama benki hiMdustAnamAM Avyo te vakhate nepananA vigraha pachI baMdhAtA. tandurasta lokamatane tejasvI pratApa yuropamAM vartate ho. benTika ogaNIsamA saikAnA prathama bhAgamAM madrAsano gavarnara hatA, ane tyAM baLavo thavAthI tene pAcho bolAvI levAmAM Avyo hato. te pachI te yurepanA rAjya pravAhamAM paDyo. eka vAra te sisili ane ilimAM Dayuka opha eliyAnI sAthe TalinI svataMtratAne mATe pejanA karavAmAM sAmela ha; ane 1814 mAM ne A sara karyA pachI teNe neijhane temanuM jUnuM rAjya baMdhAraNa punaH sthApI ApyuM, ane liyanane eka svataMtra prajA thavAnA yatno karavAne AmavyA. tera varSa pachI jyAre phrAnsamAM rAjyaparivartananI taiyArI hatI, ane IMglAMDamAM riphorma enI caLavaLa thaI rahI hatI te vakhate 1828mAM lorDa vithama benTika hiMdustAnanA gavarnara janaralanA adhikAra upara AvyA,

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312 prakaraNa 7 mu enA vahIvaTI ane keLavaNI saMba MdhanA sudhArA manA ane enkri nsTananA mArgo uparaja hatA. InsArI kAmamAM dezI adhikArIone mega bhAga ApyA, ane sadaraamIna e hAddAthI dezI jannenI eka UMcI pAyarI A khAtAmAM sthApI. kArAbArI ane mhesulanA khAtAmAM paNa keTaluM ka kAma temane sAMdhyuM, ane DepyuTi leTara e heAddAthI A khAtAmAM paNa eka UMcI pAyarI sthApI. te pachI 70 varSanA arasAmAM hiMdustAnanA keLavAyelA lAke kaThaNa ane javAbadArIvALA kArobArI kAmane mATe peAtAnI zakita prAmANikatA ane lAyakAta sAkhIta karIche. uttara hiMdustAnamAM 1822 nI sAlamAM thayelI jamAbaMdI jemAM upajanA (cAramAMthI) traNa bhAga jeTalA rAjyahu harAvavAmAM AvyA hate, te lokone atyaMta julamI lAgyA hatA. lerDa vizvama benTike te rIta pheravI nAMkhI, ane rAjya hakka kamI karIne jeTalA karyo. 1833 mAM barDanI dekharekha nIce navIna jamALadI karavAmAM AvI tethI lokone bahu karAra thayA, ane jamInanI upajamAM vadhArA thayA. emanAja amala daramiyAna rAjA rAmameAhanarAye satInA rivAja baMdha karavAmAM madada karI ane slImAne ThaMgIne naSTa karI, kampanInA cArTara 1833 mAM tAjo thayA, ane kampanIneA vepAra nAbuda thayA. havethI teo hiMdustAnanA vahIvaTa karanArAja mAtra rahyA ane leDu vi thama menTika A kAma mATe bahu samartha madadagAra nIvaDayA, Aja vakhate gavarnara janaralanI sabhAmAM vyavahAramatrInI eka jagyA navI sthApavAmAM AvI ane vikhyAta mekAle hiMdustananA pahelA vyavahAramantrI nImAyA. leArDa vilyama anTinkane jevA utsAhI mantrIeA hatA tenA karatAM vadhAre utsAhI mantrIe khInna kaiAi gavarnara janaralane nahAtA. upara AvI gayuM' che ke Trevezyanane hiMdustAnanA vepArAne ATalA badhA vakhata sudhI rokI

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31 briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa rAkhanAra mulakI jakAta rada karavA tarapha paheluM niyata pagaluM bharyuM. mekele tamAma vyavahAranA kAmamAM madadagAra thayA ane pInala koDa je duniyAnA sAhasa kozomAM uttama gaNAya che teno musado ghaDo. leDa vilyama benTinkanA uparAma pachI meTakAphe tenIja nItinuM anukaraNa karyuM ane pitAnA TuMkA amalanI daramiyAna hiMdustAnane chApAnI svataMtratA bakSI. kharA sudhArAthI hamezAM kharacamAM karakasara thAya che te pramANe lerDa viyama benTinkanA samayamAM ghaNA vakhatanI junI Tane badale vadhAro jaNAya. 1814 thI 1828 sudhImAM be karoDa pAuMDa jeTalI kula khoTa thatI hatI; ane chellAM cha varSamAM varSe dahADe trIsa lAkhanI khoTa AvatI hatI. lorDa vilyama benTinkane hAthe kheTa te gaI ane ulaTo be karoDano vadhAro thaye. hiMdanA rAjyavahIvaTano kAMI kharo sudhAraka nindAthI bacI zakyo nathI. hiMdI amaladAronI sattAmAM vadhAre karyo tethI yuropIyanone mAThuM lAgyuM ane je kAyadAthI temaNe dIvAnI apIle kalakattAnI suprima korTa AgaLa lAvavAno haka kheMcI levAmAM Avyo tenuM nAma " kALo kAyade"pADayuM. ane mekole ane benTinka upara gALono varasAda vaLyuM. ItihAsakAra thornanTana paNa A jAtipakSapAtane vaza thayo hato. je briTiza rAjapuruSoe hiMdanA lokonA svArthamAM sudhAro karyo che te badhAnI AvIja dazA thayelI ApaNe joie chIe. keninga ane ripana e tAjA dAkhalA che. muMbaI karatAM kalakattAmAM IMgrejI keLavaNIno pracAra vadhAre hatuM. kalakattAnA eka ghaDIALI DeviDa here eka aMgrejI nizALa mAMDI tenuM nAma IMgrejI keLavaNInA pitA tarIke hajI baMgALAmAM mazahUra che. te pachI 1817 mAM mAvisa opha hesTiMgsa kalakattAnI hiMdu koleja sthApI. te pachI tarataja hiMdustAnamAM aMgrejI bhASADhArA keLavaNuM ApavI ke saMskRta arebika ane dezI bhASAo dvArA ApavI te savAla upasthita thaye. emAM prAca paMDita

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314 prakaraNa 7 muM. jemane A taraphanA sAhityanuM sAruM ane UMcuM jJAna hatuM temaja udAra tulane hatI temaNe dezIone potAnI bhASA dvArA keLavaNI ApavAnI bhalAmaNa karI paNa mekele ane Teveyana jevA vadhAre vyavahAra purUSoe e vicAra bAMdhe ke arvAcIna vidyAnI keLavaNI arvAcIna bhASAhArAja ApI zakAze. mekolenI samartha yAdI je eka aitihAsika dastAveja thaI paDe che teNe A carcAne nirNaya karyo. temaNe saMskRta sAhityanI tulanA karavAmAM te bhUla karI hatI te paNa tene nirNaya sAco Avyo hato. teNe lakhyuM che ke, "ApaNe eka evA janamaMDaLane keLavaNI ApavAnI che ke jemane atyAre temanI mAtRbhASAmAM keLavaNI ApI zakAya tema nathI. temane keIka paradezI bhASA te bhaNAvavI ja paDaze. ApaNI pitAnI bhASAnA hakka saMbaMdhe pharIthI kAMI bolavA jarUra nathI. pazcimanI bhASAomAM paNa e sarvottama sthiti bhogave che eTaluM ja nahi paNa hiMdustAnamAM aMgrejI bhASA rAjyakartAnI bhASA che. rAjyapAnIonA zaheramAM UMcA vargane dezIo paNa teja bhASA bole che. pUrvanA tamAma samudramAM vyApAranI paNa eja bhASA thaze e saMbhava che. be moTI yuropIyana prajAo je eka dakSiNa AphrikAmAM ane bIjI osTreliyAmAM utpanna thAya che tenI paNa te bhASA che. ApaNA mAhityanI kharI kiMmata upara vicAra karIe ApaNA dezanI vizeSa sthiti upara vicAra karIe to paNa bIjI badhI paradezI bhASAo karatAM ApaNI igrejI bhASA ApaNI dezI raiyatane vadhAre upayogI thaI paDaze ema mAnavAne baLavAna kAraNo che." " mekolenI yAdInI apratitatAethI prAcya paMDitone nasADI mUkyA. e nirNaya thayo ke hiMdavAnone igrejI bhASA dvArA keLavaNI ApavI. A banAva pachI ogaNIsame varSa 1854 mAM keLavaNI saMbaMdhI kharatAthI A vicAranI ye paripUrti thaI temAM evuM zAsana kADhavAmAM AvyuM ke prAthamika keLavaNI dezI bhASAodvArA ApavI, ane temAM thaIne iMgrejI bhASAdhArA

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 35 UMcI keLavaNI tarapha javAya. atyAre hiMdustAnanI keLavaNInA saMbaMdhamAM A rAjyanIti varte che. sAta varSanA paragaju ane phatehamaMda amala pachI 1875 nA mArcanI 20 mI tArIkhe lerDa vilyama benkei hiMdustAna choDayuM. melee benTinkanI pratimAnI pIThikA upara lakhyuM che te pramANe-"prajAnuM sukha e rAjyanuM sAdhya che "e e kadI cUkyo nahato. hiMdustAnamAMthI uparAma lIdhA pachI benki 1837 mAM libarala pakSano pArlamenTane sabhAsada glAsago zahera taraphathI nimAye hatuM paNa teNe pitAne ghaNe vakhata phrAnsamAM-tyAM te vakhatano rAjA lyui philipa-ene mitra hatuM-tyAM gALe ane 1839 mAM te pArisamAM maraNa pAme. yuropIyane taraphathI enA upara je nindAnA varSAdo varasAvyA hatA te bhUlAI gayA, ane cAra varSa pachI velyane nIcenA zabdomAM benTinkanA amalanuM varNana ApyuM che jene hiMdustAnamAM sArvatrika anudana apAya che. , "leDa vithama beTinkanA saMbaMdhamAM mAre sAkSI pUrvI joIe ke joke hiMdustAnamAM ApaNuM rAjya sthApana karavAnuM mAna bIjAone ghaTe che to paNa te rAjyane kharA pAyA upara mUkavAne moTo yaza benTinTane ghaTe che. A pAye e ke hiMdanuM rAjya hiMdavAnA bhalA mATe calAvavAnuM che, ane emAMthI je lAbha ApaNane maLe te tene AnuSAMgika lAbhoja levA joIe." mane eliphansana beTika velyana meTApha mekele emanA jevA purUe hiMdustAnanA rAjya vahIvaTanA saMbaMdhamAM bahu uMcI bhAvanA dhAraNa karI hatI ane je eka prajA bIjI prajAnA lAbhasArU mahenata kare evuM zakya heta te Aje hiMdustAna upara hiMdavAnA hita mATe rAjya karAtuM hota, paNa manuSyasvabhAvamAM ja eka kAma bIjI mATe mahenata kare e asaMbhavita che. ane, atyAra sudhI hiMdustAnanA tamAma svArtho vyApAra viSayaka aigika

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316 prakaraNa 8 muM. Arthika ane nANAM saMbaMdhI, tamAruM svArtho IgleMDanA svArthane poSaka karI nAMkhavAmAM AvyA che e vAtane na svIkAravI e eka prakArano pramAda che. manuSyajAtie hajI sudhI evI koI paNa rAjyapaddhati zodhI kahADI nathI ke jemAM AdhIne prajAne pitAnA vahIvaTamAM yogya bhAga-kAMIka pratinidhionI sagavaDa ane kAMIka svarAjya-ApyA vinA eka para prajA tene lAbha thAya tevI rIte tenA upara rAjya calAvI zake. ane jyAM sudhI hiMdustAnamAM A nIti svIkArAya nahi tyAM sudhI hiMdustAna upara "hiMdavAnone lAbha thAya tevI rIte rAjya calAvavuM joIe ' e zabdo vyartha nahi te dUra mazkarI jevAja raheze. prakaraNa 8 muM. muMbAImAM eliphansTana (1817 thI 18ra7.) chellA pezvA bAjIrAvanuM rAjya 1817 mAM briTiza khAlasA karyuM, ane vaLatA varSamAM tene pitAne paNa ghaNI muzkIlI pachI keda karyo. pachI tene penzana ApI vAnaprastha karyo, ane tenuM rAjaya te hAlano muMbaI ilAkAne sahuthI vadhAre satvavALo bhAga che. A pradezanI jamAbaMdhI nakkI karavAnuM kAma kampanInA eka uttamattama nokaranA hAthamAM AvyuM. agIAramAM lorDa eliphanTananA eka putra mAunTaTuarTa eriphansTana 1796 mAM hiMdustAnamAM AvyA ane vividha anubhava meLavyA pachI 1811 mAM punAmAM temanI nimaNuka thaI. 1818 mAM AjIrAvanA khAlasA karelA mulakanA kamizanara tarIke teo nImAyA.

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briTiza hiMdustAnanI Arthika itihAsa. 310 AnA karatAM vadhAre sArI pasaMdagI thai zakata nahi, elphinsTana maneAthI lIsa varSe nAnA hatA; tenAmAM mhesulI kAma karavAnI temanA jevIja zakti hatI; lekeAne mATe emanA jeTalAja anurAga hatA, temanA jevIja sAkSaravRtti ane bhAratasAmrAjyanI AbAdI vadhAravAnI vizALa ane eka rAjapurUSane chAje tevI abhilASA hatI. ogaNIsamA saikAnA pahelA bhAgamAM hiMdustAnane sadbhAgye leAkAnurAgI ane kAryadakSa rAjyapurUSA maLI AvyA hatA paNa madrAsamAM mA ane muMbaimAM elphinsTana e banne kaMpanInA khIjA nAkarAne mukAbale ghaNAja UMcA hatA ema kahevAmAM te nAkarAne gerainasAk nathI thatA. ogaNIsamA saikAnA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM A varganA rAjyapurUSe TI gayA ethI dareka vicArazIla purUSane zeAka thAya che. pezvA pAsethI jItelA mulaka sabadhI elphinsTane 1819 mAM eka yAdI gavaranara janaralane mekalAvI hatI te yAdImAM te dezanA eka kuzala kalame lakhAyalA hevAla che; ane temAM jamAbaMdhI vagerene mATe lIdhelAM pagalAMnuM varNana che. te yAdI ghaNI lAMbI che. ahIMAM temAMthI gheADAka utArA laie, grAmasa sthA. ApaNe je dRSTibinduthI dakSiNanA svadezI rAjyanuM avaleAkana karIe temAM pahelI agatyanI vAta grAmasa MsthA ane nagaratvanA vibhAganI yAjanA che. A saMsthAemAM eka nAnI rAjyaracanAnAM sarva sAdhatA vidyamAna jaNAya che; ane temane bahAranA rAjyataMtra adazya thAya tepaNu potAnuM rakSaNa karavAne te zakti dharAve che. joke ghaNe aMze eka sArI rAjyaracanAne te anukUla na heAya, tApaNa naThArI rAjyaracanAnI khAmIone mATe te te uttama upAya che. tenI bhedarakArI ane nabaLAinI kharAba asarene te aTakAve che ane vizeSamAM tenA trAsa ane julamane sAme ka iMka TakAva paNa karI zake che.

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318 prakaraNa 8 muM. dareka gAmanI pAchaLa amuka jamIna nirmANa karelI hoya che, jenI vyavasthA te gAmanI vasatine soMpavAmAM AvelI che. sImAonAM nizAna bahu kALajIthI ubhAM karelAM hoya che, ane bahu saMbhALathI tenuM rakSaNa thAya che. te hadamAM judAM judAM khetaro pADelAM hoya che, ane te khetaranA zeDhAo paNa barAbara jANI zakAya che. dareka khetarane potAnuM nAma hoya che, ane temAM khetI ghaNA varasathI na thatI hoya to paNa te bIjAthI juduM ja rAkhavAmAM Ave che. gAma vAsIo ghaNuM karIne tamAma jamInanA kheDutoja heya che; ane temanI jarUrIyAta purI pADavA temAM keTalAka dukAnadAro ane kArIgare. paNa hoya che. gAmane eka pATIla-nAmano mukhI hoya che, tene cAgulA e nAmano eka madadagAra hoya che ane kulakarNa e nAmano eka kArakuna heya che. te sivAya bIjA bAra kAma karavAvALA hoya che jemane bArAbalotI e nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. gAmanA jozI gora, suthAra, hajAma vagere paNa gAmanA vahIvaTa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanArA adhikArI te sonAra athavA poTadAra che je tenI ane nANuMne pArakhanAra che; ane mahAra jene bIjAM keTalAMka kAma sAthe gAmanI cokI karavAnuM kAma karavuM paDe che. A badhAmAM mUla kuTuMbanA vistAranA pramANamAM eka athavA vadhAre vyaktio hoya che. hAranI saMkhyA cAra athavA pAMca karatAM ochI kavacit heAya che, ane temanA sivAya jyAM rAmozInI saMkhyA vadhAre hoya che tyAM temane paNa cokInA kAmamAM sAmela karavAmAM Ave che, paNa teone mahAranAM bIjAM kAma karavAM paDatAM nathI. pATIla-e gAmanA sahuthI vadhAre mahatvanA adhikArI che ane teone varga te dezamAM paNa sahuthI vadhAre agatyane varga che. temane adhikAra rAjayanA (moghala bAdazAhanA ) pharamAnanI rUie maLela che, te adhikArane aMge temane amuka jamIna ane kaika rakamo maLe che, te sivAya temane bIjAM nAnAM moTAM hoya ane AbarU che, jene mATe teo jamInanA jeTalAja custa che. temane adhi

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 31. kAra ane te adhikAranI rakamo vaMzaparaMparAnI che. sarakAranI maMjurIthI teo te vecI zake che; paNa bahu jarUra vinA teo te vecatA nathI, chatAM ghaNIvAra teo bhAgadAra tarIke koIne rAkhe che. paraMtu junA kabajedAranI mahatAne khAmI na Ave tevo baMdobasta karavA teo cUkatA nathI. pATIla e pilisane mukhI che, ane pitAne gAmamAM nyAyanA kAmakAjane mATe paNa teja javAbadAra che, paNa ahIM te mahesulI adhikArI tarIkaja enuM. oLakhANa karAvavA jarUra che. A darajajAmAM te kalekaTara athavA mAmalatadAra moTA pramANamAM je kare che te ja kAma TuMkA pramANamAM kare che. je kheDutane pitAnI jamIna na hoya temane te jamIna saMpI Ape che, ane dareke zuM ApavuM te te TharAve che. tamAma reyata pAsethI sarakArane ApavAnI mahesula te ugharAve che. sarakAra . ane temanA vaccenI tamAma goThavaNe teja calAve che, ane gAmanI khetInI ane sAmAnya AbAdIne mATe zrama le che. joke AraMbhamAM te te sarakArane pratinidhi hato paNa have te te retano paNa pratinidhi lekhAya che, ane sarakAranA hukamane amala karavAmAM te jeTalo upayogI che teTaluM ja te raiyatanA hakakonuM rakSaNa karavAmAM athavA lekanI pharyAde raju karavAmAM sarakAra AgaLa paNa upayogI thAya che. mIrAjhadAra, kheDuteno moTo bhAga sarakArane temane haka ApavAnI zarate jamInanA mAlIka che. temanI milakata vaMzaparaMparA utarI zake che ane cahakka vALI che. jyAM sudhI teo sarakAra Ape jAya tyAM sudhI temane kabaje laI zakAte nathI ane eTaluM ja nahi paNa kadAca na bharAya topaNa trIsa varSa sudhImAM sarakAranI lAgata bharIde te pitAnI jamIna pharIthI kabaje levAno temano haka ubho

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prakaraNa 8 muM. - ~ rahe che. A sarakAra haka niyata che, paNa marAThA rAjya tenA upara bIjA eTalA bajA mukyA che ke jethI A lAbha have nAmano ja rahyA che. chatAM AnAthI temanI mIlakatanI kimata ghaTI nathI. joke sarakAre jamIna japta karavAnA hakano amala karIne temanI pAsethI nANAM levAmAM bAkI rAkhI nathI ane ghaNA mirAjhadArone bIjAnI vatI nANAM ApavAM paDyAM che to paNa temanI mIlakata vecANa thaI zakI che, ane te daza varSanI upaja jeTalI kimate, mahArASTramAM eka evo abhiprAya phelAyo che ke prAcIna hiMdurAjyamAM tamAma jamIna mirAjhadaronA hAthamAMja hatI ane jyAre jUnA mAlakA musalemAnanA julama nIce AvyA tyAre uzrI dAkhala thaI hatI. A vAtane ATalAthI Teko maLe che ke uThIthI kheDAtAM ghaNAM khetaro gerahAjara mAlIkonAM nAma upara che ane AnI sAthe jyAre ApaNe bIja saMyogono vicAra karIe ane joIe ke manue ghaNoja thoDe kara mukarara karyo che tyAre hiMduone rAjyamAM (je eka sarakhI rIta sarvatra hoya te) jamInamAM khAnagI mAlikInA dhoraNe jamInano kara mukarara karavAmAM Avyo haze evuM sabaLa anumAna thAya che. briTiza rAjya nIce thayelA pheraphAra. ApaNA hAthamAM A mulaka AvyA pachI mahesulane mATe je paddhati aMgIkAra karavAmAM AvI che te mArA julAI daza ane julAI caMdanA patramAM jaNAvavAmAM AvI che. AnA mukhya dhoraNo e che ke ijAro baMdha karavA paNa te sivAya bIjI tamAma dezI rIta kAyama rAkhavI. vAstavika rIte jeTalI khetI thaI hoya tenA uparaja mahesula levI; mahesulano dara halako rAkha; navA kara nAMkhavA nahi; ane junA dekhItI rIte geravAjabI hoya te ja rada karavA, nahito nahi; ane sahu karatAM vadhAre agatyanuM che ke koIpaNa navInatA karavI nahi, paradezIya rAjya ane paradezI rAjAone lIdhe ghaNuM pheraphAra thayelA che,

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briTiza hidustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. 321 paNa mhesulI khAtAmAM te dhaNAkharA lAbhAyaka nIvaDyA che. prathama A deza judAda judA pramANunA tAlukA upara dekharekha rAkhanArA ghaNA mAmalatadmasanA tAkhAmAM hateA tene badale meM have pAMca gaNI vadhAre javAbadArI ane AbarUvALA mukhya amaladArAnA hAthamAM sAMpI dIdhA che. have mukhya adhikArI jIllAmAMja rahe che tenA AkhA vakhata te jallAnA kAmakAjamAMja gALe che ane tenA tAmAnA tamAma mANasAne tevu anukaraNa karavuM paDe che. marAThAonA chUTA chUTA mhesulI vibhAgAne badale have meM ekaThA tAlukA karI nAMkhyA che je darekanI vArSika upaja cAsathI sIttera hajAranI ane te mAmalatadAranI dekharekhamAM sAMpyA che. che pararAjyanI aniSTatAo. A deza hajI sudhI ghaNI aniSTatAomAMthI bacI gayA che, paNa pararAjyanA AvAgamanane lIdhe have te tenA upara AvyA vinA raheze nahi; to paNa kadAca enA mATe bhAga barAbara kALajI rAkhyAthI dUra rAkhI zakAze. uparanI ghaNI kharI jAtA mukAbale garIba thai javAnI ane je leke| darabAramAM ane lazkarAmAM neAkarI karI khAtA hatA temAMnA ghaNA rATalA vinAnA thaI javAnA. A be duHkhA bAjIrAyanA rAjyanA AraMbhamAMja AvyAM hatAM, paNa rAjyatatranu N cAkaDuM tenuM te kAyama heAvAthI AnI kharAba asaro keTaleka aMze naSTa thai zakI hatI. ApaNe teja ceAkaThuM kAyama rAkhI zakIzuM ke nahi te savAla hajI carcavA bAkI che. gAmaDAnA saMbaMdhanI cAkInI paddhati to sahelAithI rAkhI zakAze; paNa te kAyama rAkhI mAmalatadAranA tAbAmAM sAMpavAthI ceAgya thaze ke kema te bAbatamAM mane zaka che. paTelanI AbarU ane lAgavaga enA gAmamAM sAcavI rAkhavI joie; ane tema karavA sArU kharcanI bAbatamAM ane nAnA nAnA gunA upara aMkuza rAkhavAnI ka4 21

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322 " prakaraNa 8 muM. sattA tene ApavI joIe. badhA gunAonI tapAsa yuropiyana amaladArone hAtheja thavI joIe evI mArI icchA nathI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa mArI ema icchA che ke mAmalatadAre paNa te keTalAka te paTelane mAthe nAkhavA joIe ke jethI je sattAnI madada upara ApaNA rAjyacakrano ghaNo AdhAra che te banI rahe. paTelanI umaMgI madadanI mahesulanA mukhyAdhikArIne jarUra che teTalIja dIvAnI phojadArI InsApha ane polisa khAtAne paNa jarUra che; ane hareka rIte te madada saMbhALI rAkhavI joIe. temanI pharaja kaThaNa na thaI paDe, ane temanI lAgavaga vAraMvAra uparIonI daramiyAnagirIthI nabaLI na paDI jAya tene mATe puratI saMbhALa rAkhavI joIe. temanI sAme julamanI phariyAda thAya te tarataja sAMbhaLavI, paNa amuka rItabhAta upara dhyAna na ApyuM teTalA mATe temane herAna karavA e mane ThIka lAgatuM nathI; eTaluM ja nahi paNa nAnI phariyAda-je kaMipaNa pakSakArane gaMbhIra prakAranI zikSA karavAmAM na Ave te teo potAnI rIta pramANe cUkave evI chUTa paNa huM emane ApuM. keLavaNI copaDIo bahu jUja che, ane sAmAnya vaparAzanI copaDIonI pasaMdagI paNa ThIka nathI; te paNa hiMduonI bhASAmAM vArtAonI evI ghaNI copaDIo che ke je sAmAnya rIte vAMcI zakAya ane sArI nIti zIkhavI zake. e uparAMta teja artha vadhAre pratyakSa rIte sAdhI zake tevI dhArmika copaDIo paNa joIe. jo AvI paDIo chapAIne saste bhAve vecAya athavA maphata vaheMcAya te bezaka bahu moTI ane sArI asara thAya; paNa eTaluM avazyanuM che ke te zuddha hiMdu pustaka hovAM joie. zakapaDatI nItinA upadeze ApaNe mUkI daIe, 5Na dhArmika viSayamAM vivAdAspada viSayane jarApaNa samAveza karavAmAM Ave che AkhI janA rada jaze.

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa 33 hiMduone sudhAravA sArU temanA vahemano upayoga kare ane dharmanA baMdhanathI temanA durguNa upara aMkuza mUke te vadhAre sAruM che; kAraNa ke kAyadA karatAM te vadhAre balavAna che. emanA hamaNAMnA siddhAnta sAcavI rAkhyAthI ane zuddha karyAthI ane tenI sAthe temanI buddhine prakAza ApyAthI ApaNe pUrNatAnA dhoraNa upara temane lAvavA icchIe chIe tenI najIka ApaNe lAvI zakIzuM; paNa temanA dharmanA siddhAnta upara koI paNa prakArane humalo thAya ane te je phatehamaMda thAya te jema vyavahAramAM ApaNe joIe chIe tema siddhAntamAM paNa dharma mATe temanuM tamAma mAna naSTa thaI jAya, ane hemI siddhAte paNa kAma krodhAdika upara je aMkuza mUke che te upayogI aMkuzamAMthI teo kevaLa nirmukta thaI jAya e saMbhavita che." gAma paMcAta A badhI khAmIo chatAM marAThAne mulaka AbAda rahyA, ane ApaNA vadhAre sArA rAjyataMtramAM keTalAka dukAmAMthI leka paNa mukta hatA, tethI te paddhatinI dekhItI khAmInI sAme kaMI phAyadA hevA joIe. mane ema lAge che ke te phAyadA evA haze ke jeke rAjyataMtra lekane nyAya maLe tene mATe kaMI karUM nahi paNa te nyAya pote potAnI meLe meLavI le eTalI emane sTa ApatuM. Ane zAyado halakI jatomAM bahu jaNA; je jAto upara rAjyataMtra paheAMcI zake nahi ane pratyeka rAjyataMtramAM je jAte visarAI javAno saMbhava paNa che, temAM khAsa karIne. paMcAyatanA sAdhanathI teo pitatAmAM InsApha karI zakatA. A paddhatinI sAme je vAMdhA levAmAM Ave che te vAMdhAone temanA saMbaMdhamAM avakAza baDu thoDe jaNAya che.

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u24 prakaraNa 8 muM. eTalA mATe mArI darakhAsta che ke A dezI paddhati sAcavI rAkhavI; ane tene durupayoga baMdha kare ane tenA sattvanuM saMjIvana karavAnAM pagalAM levAM. A prayoga dezIone paNa koI moTA pheraphAra karatAM vadhAre pasaMda paDaze, ane jo te niSphaLa thAya to ApaNI adAlata dAkhala karatAM kaMI vAra nahi lAge. ApaNAM mukhya sAdhana tarIke paMcAyata rahevI ja joIe; ane tenA saMbaMdhamAM kAMI navA kAyadA kAnuna ke daramiyAnagirI ApaNA taraphanI have joIe nahiM." uparanA utAruo uparathI jaNAze ke elphinsTanano vicAra marAThA enI saMsthAomAM jeTaluM sAruM hoya teTaluM sAcavI rAkhavAno hate. elphira nTananI pachI AvanArA amaladAro pheraphAro dAkhala karavAmAM ATalAja sAvadhAna rahyA hota to ApaNA dezane mATe ghaNuM sAruM hatuM, paNa te pachInA adhikArIonA vahIvaTa nIce gAmAto adazya thaI gaI che ane vadhatI jatI mahesulanI mAMgaNIthI kheDuta mAlIkonA mukarara rAjyahakake Ape javAnI zarate potAnI jamIna dhAraNa karavAnA hakako nAbuda thaI gayA che. eliphansTananI moTI zaktine lIdhe rAjyacakranA sarvopari adhikArI thavAnI tenI yogyatA spaSTa jaNAI AvI; ane sara Tomasa mananI madrAsanA gavarnara tarIke nimaNuka thaI tenI agAu eka varSa upara eTale 1819 mAM muMbaInA gavarnara tarIke eliphansTananI nimaNuka thaI. enA ATha varSanA amala daramiyAna muMbaI ilAkAmAM vAjabI jamAbaMdI karavAnA tenA prayatnone TuMke hevAla ApavAnI jarUra che. bharUca, 1821 mAM gavarnare bharUcanI mahesulanA saMbaMdhamAM eka yAdI lakhI che

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briTiza hiMdusthAnano Arthika itihAsa 325 temAM briTiza sAmrAjya nIce jamIna mahesulane je vadhAro zarU thayo hato te bAbatano potAnI nAkhuzInI noMdha karI che. lakhe che ke - mahesulane aAMkaDe gAme gAma AkhA gAmane mATe mukarara thAya che ane vyakitaonI sthitinI tapAsa thatI nathI. varSovarSa, upaja levAne vakhate ekAda vaMzaparaMparAnA mahesulI adhikArIne molanI tajavIja karavA mokale che. te eka patraka banAve che. temAM jamInanI jAta pAka vagerenI noMdha karelI hoya che ane khetaravAra aMdAja upajanA AMkaDA bharyA hoya che. Ane saravALo karyo eTaze te gAmanI kula dANAnI upajano AMkaDo nIkaLI Ave che. sAdhAraNa dhoraNa e che ke dANAnA vecANanI je pedAza Ave tenuM aradha sarakAre levuM ane aradha raiyatane rahe. hamezAM koipaNa AMkaNI bhAre che ke halakI te samajavuM muzkela che. paNa ahIM je ejanA amalamAM che te uparathI te azakya che. A varSamAM sADA cAra lAkhano vadhAro thayela che ane A bAbatano vicAra karavAthI mane AnaMda thato nathI. amadAvAda, eja divase kheDA ane amadAvAdanI jamInanI mahesulanA saMbaMdhamAM teNe eka yAdI lakhI che, ane temAM paNa teja sAvadhAnI ane teja AnakAnI jaNAya che. amadAvAda jIllAmAM gAmaDAMnAM gAmaDAM sahuthI vadhAre mAgaNI karanA rane ApavAmAM Ave che. AthI upajanAM sarva sAdhanA medAnamAM Ave che temaja IjAradAranI sUcanAthI paMcAyata dvArA viTInA AMkaDA vadhArI devAmAM Ave che. A badhAthI mahesulano AMkaDo bahu bhAre thaI javA saMbhava che.

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prakaraNa 9 mu. surata. 1821 nA me mAsamAM elphinsTane suratanA saMbaMdhamAM eka yAdI lakhI che, temAM paNa jamInanI mhesulanA bhArepaNuA mATe eja dIlagIrI batAvI che. 326 A jIllAmAM leAkeAnI je sthiti che te upara jo mAre nirNaya karavAnA hAya te huM ema kahuM ke atyAre A jIlle atyaMta cUsAi gayele che. raiyata kapaDAM ane ghara bannemAM bahu duHkha veThe che, ane jo ke A jIllAnA keTalAka bhAgamAM bahu sArI upaja thai zake tema che. tApaNu khInna bhAgAmAM khetI ahuja apUrNa che ema kahevu joie. A duHkha atyAranI paddhatinAM che ema nathI. ethI ulaTuM atyAre je pagalAM levAmAM Ave che, tethI te tene bahu sukha thavA saMbhava che. meTAmAM moTuM vighna e che ke jamAbandI bahu bhAre che ane vakhate aniyamita che. kAkaNa, uttara kAkaNamAM paNa sthiti asvastha hatI. dezapatie evI bhalAmaNa karI ke rAjya hakaka kula upajatA eka tRtIyAMza jeTalA rAkhavA joie; halakA prakAranI jamInane mATe ethI halakA dara rAkhave.--jamInanA traNa athavA cAra prakAra pADavA; vajene rivAja kahrADI nAMkhavA kAraNa kru sarakArane emAM kharaca ghaNuM paDe che; ane halakA darajjAnA dezI amaladArane nANAM ucApata karavAnI taka maLe che. tene badale je rakama TharAvavAmAM Ave te cha varSane mATe mukarara karavI, ane jamAbandIne dura hamezane mATe na TharAvatAM khAra varSane mATe TharAvave. dakSiNa kAkane mATe teja varSamAM eka bIjI yAdI lakhAi hatI; temAM khATa ane kheDutanA sAmAnya hakakAnI nAMdha karelI che,

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa. 27 gAmaDAo kulArgo ke beTagI kahevAya che, pahelI tarehanAM gAmamAM kheDutane mukarara vajebhAga Apa paDe che, ane te sivAya tenI pAse bIjuM kaMi levAtuM nahi. paNa khoTI gAmamAM khoTa athavA mukhI amuka aneka prakAranI raiyata pAsethI amukaja laI zake paNa bIjA kheDuto pAsethI athavA pitAnI jamIna kheDavAvALA pAsethI teo najaramAM Ave te rIte sAruM karI zake che. ane tethI A jIllAmAM be ja prakAranA kheDa hakanI rIta che. dharakarI ane arjelI tene khulAse maLI zake che. pahelI tareha dakSiNanA mirAsI hakkanA jevI che; kAraNa ke jyAM sudhI dezarIvAja pramANe e ApyAM kare tyAM sudhI tene kabaje choDAvI zakAto nathI. ane jo ke te vecANa karI zakatA nathI te paNa te bezaka ghareNe mukI zake che. ane ema manAya che ke tene tenI vyavasthA karavAne sarva hakka che. ardhalI raiyata bIje ThekANe uprI che tenA jevA hakavALI che. te peTa athavA bIjA koI dhAraNa karanAranI kheDa heya che, tenAthI tenI jamIna vecI zakAya nahi, tema ghareNe mukI zakAya nahi; kAraNa ke te jamIna upara hakka te bIjAja che; ane e mAtra rajAmaMdIthI kabajo bhogave che. jo mAlIka pitAnA hAthamAM jamIna rAkhavAne vicAra kare athavA bIjA koIne sAMthavAno vicAra kare to te kabajedAranA kabaje choDAvI zake che. jo ke bIjAne ApavAmAM je kabajedAra niyamasara vasula Ape jato hoya tenA upara eka prakAranI kUratA thaI manAya, vasulanA karAra ghaNuM karI varSo varSa navA thAya che, eTale mAlIkanI je jamIna choDAvavAnI marajI hoya te tene hakaka eTale sudhI vadhArI muke ke jamIna kheDavI pisAya nahi. ardhalI hakaka vALI je yita kyArInI jamIna vAve che te ghaNe bhAge mAlIkane vajene aradha bhAga Ape che. A uparathI Apane jaNAze ke khoTa baMgALAnA nAnA jamInadAra jevA che.

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228 prakaraNa 2 muM. dakSiNa dakSiNamAM mi. ceplina elphinsTana pachI kamizanaranA adhikAra upara AvyA. tenA 1821 nA navembara ane 1822 nA ogasTanA riporTanAM bIjA pAMca pAnAM bharAyAM che. punA, ahamadanagara, khAnadeza, dhAravADa, satArA ane dakSiNanI jAgIronI vasti cALIsa lAkhanI aDasaTavAmAM AvI hatI. prathama je jamALandI thaI temAM mananI taiyatavArI ane madrAsa ravinya sabhAe yojelI grAmasaMsthAnI rItine saMyoga karavAmAM Avyo hate. je jamAbandI thaI te yitavArI paddhatinI kahevAmAM temaja vAstavika rIte hatI. paNa jUdA jUdA kheDutone vaheMcI ApavAnI bAbatamAM gAmanA adhikArIone sArI chUTa ApI hatI. nAnA phaDanavisanA vakhatamAM je rIta cAlatI hatI, tenAthI A navI rIta vastutAe judI na hatI; phera eTalo ja ke mAmalatadArane emAM vadhAre ghaTADe karavAno hakaka De hate. raiyata ApavAnI rakama, khetI tathA prathama je levAmAM AvatI rakama, e bene hisAbe mukarara karavAmAM AvatI; ane rAjyakaka vasula karavAmAM prathama karatAM sakhtAI vadhAre rahetI. 1817 mAM navA prAMtanI upaja 8,00,000 pAuMDa hatI, te 1815 mAM 1150000 pAuMDa jeTalI thaI ane te pachI thoDA varSanA arasAmAM 1500000 pAuMDa sudhI pahoMcI. gAmaDAMonA sthAnika adhikArIonI sattA kamI karavA mAMDI. kampanInA nokarone dareka zakhasa jeDe vadhArene vadhAre saMbaMdhamAM AvavAnuM gamavA lAgyuM; ane te pachI thoDA ja vakhatamAM madrAsanI peThe muMbAImAMthI paNa grAmasaMsthAo vastutAe nAbuda thaI gaI. khAnadeza, A chellA kepTana brigsanA vahivaTa nIce hato. A gRhastha te hiMdustAnanA nDa Tekasa" ( jamInane ha4 ) e pustakano kartA ane pAchaLathI pherIstAnA

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briTiza hiMdusthAnanA Arthika pratihAsa. karada hiMdustAnanA itihuAsaneA bhASAntarakAra. khAnadezamAM udAra ane tejasvI rAjyanItivALA prathamanA musalamAna rAjAonA vakhatamAM ghaNe kharace baMdhAyalA badhA ane nherenI pAyamAlInI nizAnIe A gRhasthane mAluma paDI paNa tenA vakhatamAM khAnadeza ujjaDa ane garIba thai gayA hatA. vAravAra thatI laDAkha, bhIla lakAnI lUMTaphATa ane adhurAmAM pUrU vAdhanA darADA-jenAthI traNa mahinAmAM pAMcase' mANasA ane vIrA hajAra DhAranA ghANa vaLI gayo hatA, tenAthI A jIllAnA du:khAnI avidha hatI, ane leAkanI sa MpattinuM pramANabhUta daphatara na hovAthI kepTana thiMgsane UMcA nIcA dara vacce nirNaya karavAnuM kaMI sAdhana nahatuM. punA punA jIlle kaeNpTana zabarDsananA vihavaTamAM hato. ane krumIzanaree pUchelA savAlenA javAthyAmAM dakSiNanA kheDtAnA rItarivAjo ane temanI sthiti upara puSkaLa prakAza paDe che. dakSiNanA mirAsI kheDU vAstavikarIte mAlI kavALA kheDUta ja che. sarata mAtra eTalI ke teNe sarakArane kara Ape javA kepTana robarTasana lakhe che ke tenA harSaka asala rIta pramANe iMgleMDanA krihAlDa kheDUtathI jarApaNa jATTo nathI. dakSiNanA atyAranA kheDUtanAM pUrvajomAMnA ghaNA kharA tA musalamAnonA praveza pahelAMnA kabajedAra kheDUto che ane te vakhatathI jamItanI upajanA chaThThA bhAga jeTalA rAjyahakaka Ape javAnI sarate temane banne cAljhA Ave che. dakSiNanA mirAsadAre zuM Ape che te bAbatamAM vAstavika rIte kaMi kahevAtuM hoya to huM ema kahuM chuM ke te kara Ape che; bhADuM naddhi, dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM kheDuteAnA jamIta uparanA hakaka ane uttaranA jamInadAranA tevA hakaka briTiza kAyadAnI rUie utpanna thayelA che ema je hAlanA rAjapurUSA kahe che temane jUnA vakhatanA rAjapurUSAnA sakhyALa dharaporTo vAMcavAthI khAtrI thaze ke briTizonA AvAgamana pahelAM vaMzaje bhAgavI zake ane veNu thaI

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prakaraNa muM. sake evA jamIna uparanA hako amArA kheDutone baLavAna bhogavaTo che. 'jamIna prajAnI che, rAjyanI nahi; ane rAjyane mirAsadAra pAsethI kara rUpe niyata rAjahaka levAne ja haka bIjA kazAne nahiM. kepTana rebana kuTuMbanA sahIyArA kabajA bhagavaTAnAM gAmaDAMo saMbaMdhamAM je lakhe che te paNa samajavA jevuM che. mizasI hakanI bAbatamAM je kAgaLa ane patrako mATe jovAmAM AvyAM che, te uparathI ATaluM niHzaMka jaNAya che ke, pUrvanA kALamAM gAmanAM gAma amuka kuMTuMbomAM vaheMcAyelAM hatAM. emanA vaMzajonA samUhane "jUtha' kahe che ane mULanI jamIna teo pote atyAre sahIyArI bhagave che, evuM anumAna thAya che. ane teo, saMyukata kabajedAra tarike, je jamIna temanA kabajAmAM hoya te uparanA rAjya ane bIjA hakka ApavAne pAtra che. sarakAra athavA bIjA jUthe eka jUthane sarakAra hakka vagere ugharAvavAnA kAma sArU, moTapanA dheraNasara pasaMda kare che; ane teja tamAma haka ApavAne sarakAra vagerene javAbadAra gaNAya che. ane A rIte teo hakka ane javAbadArI banne saMyukta vyavahArathIja bhogave che. AvI rIte pasaMda karAyelA jUthanA zakhasa pATIla e nAmathI oLakhAya che, ane mULathI e athavA bIjuM kaI oLakhANanuM nAma emane maLeluM heya che. ane A badhAmAMthI moTapanA hajhavALI zAkhAone je purUSa vastutAe adhikAra bhogavate hoya te mukAdama e nAmathI oLakhAya che, te, gAma lekanI marajIthI ane sarakAranI nimaNuMkathI eka mejIsTreTa che. IMglaMDamAM je kAyadAone eka kerIporezananA kahIe, tevA kAnunane amala karAvavAnI tenI sattA che; pahelAM te AkhA gAmarUpa saMsthAnA saMsthA tarikenAM je kharaca thAya te kharaca mATe ane paTela tarIke potAne mobho sAcavI rAkhavA mATe je rakama joIe, te bAbata ugharANuM karI

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika pratidvAsa. Th zakatA; AkhA gAmane naphe thAya tevA sudhArAnI te sUcanAo karatA; ane jAherazAnti sAcavI rAkhIne gAma leAkeAne ekaThA karI zakatA. hajI sudhI paMca tarike je leAka ene kAma sAMpe temanA divAnI kajIA pazu te cukave che ane prathama paNa cukavatA, athavA pote na cUkave te bIjA lAkAne pAMca tarike pote nImyA hAya athavA pakSakArAe nImyA hoya tenA pramukha tarIke kAma karate. A sivAya bIjAne mATe kepTana rAkhaTsane te mirAsadAra che evuM ghaNA dastAvejothI sAbita kareluM che. ane lakhe che ke, A jIllAmAM badhA gAmAmAM mirAsI rivAja atyAre cAle che, ane hamaNA nathI evAM gAma te thADAMja che. ' 1821 mAM A pramANe teNe lakhyuM hatuM. marAThA rAjyamAM mu MbainA kheDUtane meLe ane hu sA hatA tene A dastAveja ApaNane sArA khyAla Ape che. arhamadanagara. A jIllAmAM kaeNpTana pephrijarane vahivaTa hato. te lakhe che ke je kheDutA mirAsadAra che, te peAtAnI jamInanI jyAre najaramAM Ave tyAre ane jema najaramAM Ave te pramANe vyavasthA karI zake che ane dhareNe mUrchA zake che. hiMdustAnanA A bhAgamAM ( jema badhAmAM che tema) mirAsI haka parApUrvathI cAlyeA Ave che te e yArathI zarU thaye ema pUchavAmAM Ave te savAlane javAba jamIna kayArathI thaI e savAlanA javAba mAgavA sarakhuM che. huM jouM chuM ke mi. elisa mirAsInA sabaMdhamAM potAnA asa`khya javAkheAmAM eka neAMdha karIne lakhe che ke, 241 bhUminA kAyadA ghaDanArAoe jyArathI lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM. te vakhatathI mirAsI hu A dezamAM vidyamAna che, ane huI dhArUM chu ke emane AdhAra saMzaya rahita che.'

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prakaraNa 8 muM. dhAravADa, A jIlle mi. roTa senTa thekarInA vahivaTamAM hato. teo eka anubhavI revinyu amaladAra hatA, lekA sAthe bahu maLatA, ane temaNe pUchelA javAbanA keTalAka lAkSaNika uttaro mokalyA che. ravinyu amaladAre khetI sudhAravA sArU jAta mahenatathI zrama le che ke nahi, tenA saMbaMdhamAM mAro javAba evo che te teo kheDutane uttejana ApavAne badale herAna kare che, ane temane hatu kAgaLIo upara khetIno vadhAre batAvavAno hoya ema jaNAya che. dezanI sAdhanasaMpatti vadhAravA tarapha kaMi laya hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI. kheDu pitAnA naphA mATe kheDe che, ane jyAM A naphe pUrata hoya che tyAM tene bIjI AranI jarUra nathI. dakSiNa (sAmAnya) A ane bIjA jIlAonA riporTa sAmela rAkhIne mi. cepline dakSiNanI jamAbandI saMbaMdhI eka khulAsAvAra riporTa karyo hato tenA upara have ApaNe AvIe. dakSiNamAM pahelAM maleka ambare eka jamAbandI karI hatI te uttara hiMdustAnamAM ToDaramalavALI jamAbandInA jevI ja prakhyAta hatI; maleka ambaranI jamAbadI dareka gAma mATe niyata nANAMnI rakamanA rUpamAM hatI. ane tenuM dhoraNa prAcIna mirAsI hakkane kAyama karavA upara hatuM. jethI dezanI kheDavANa jamIna mAlikI hakanI milakatanA tamAma guNo vALI thaI zake. navA sthapAyelA briTiza rAjya sArU haka mukarara karavA upara AvatAM te lakhe che ke, "huM dhAruM chuM ke madhyama sthitinA kheDuta pAse daza ekara AkAzI ane ekAda vize vADInI jamIna hoya che; ane tenI pAse be haLa ane

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika ItihAsa 333 cAra baLada hoya che, jenI madadathI e varasa dahADe 12 pAunDa jeTalI upaja kare che,"tenA kharaca aDasaTTo nIce pramANe. pA. zi.pe. jamInane kara. . 4-4-0 baLadanuM kharaca-eka jeDa ATha varasa sudhI cAle e gaNatrIe. 1-5-0 haLa ane vakhato vakhata sAthI vagere majura rAkhavA paDe tenuM kharaca. -- bI. 0-12-0 adhikArIonI kAmadArI ane . gAma jhAMpA vigere. khorAkane mATe dANo. kapaDAM, paracuraNa jarUrI kharaca 2-4-0. 0-10-00 -12-0. kula. pA.zi.pe. 12-2-0 uparathI jaNAze ke bAra pAuMDanI arajI upajamAMthI 4 pAuMDa 4 zIlIMgane sarakAra haka nIpajanA 45 thI 50 TakA je mAsa ane muMbainA kheDUta pAse sarakAre mULa mAgeluM tenA karatAM ocho che paNa ATalA 4 pAuMDa 4 zI. nA kare paNa kheDutane kaMi rahetuM nathI; ATaluM spaSTa samajAya che ke adhikAta maMDaLane raiyatavArI rIte pasaMda paDavAnuM

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334 prakaraNa 8 mu. kAraNa e che ke sarakAra ane kheDUtanI vacce vacamAMthI naphe lai janAra kAi gAmakhAtu ke gAmadhaNI AmAM rahetA nathI. eka gulAmanA mAlIkane gulAma upara jeTalA kAbu hoya che teTalA ja kAmukampanIne peAtAnA kheDu upara hatA; jethI enA nirvAha mATe pUratuM thAya te uparAMtanuM tamAma kampanI lai zakatI. adhiSThAtR sabhAnA eka sabhAsada tA kaheche ke raiyatavArI rItanA hetu e che ke sarakAra raiyata pAsethI bhADAnA rUpamAM vadhAremAM vadhAre lai zakAya eTaluM laI zake. mirAsI hakkanA saMbaMdhamAM ceplina lakhe che ke A hakka navA jItAyelA pradezamAM kRSNAthI ghATa sudhI varte che. eka vAra kheDUtane kabajo maLyA eTale te vaMzaparaMparA vecANu bakSIsa ke ghareNAnA hakathI bhagavI zake che, ane dakSiNanA rivAja pramANe temAM sarakAranI agAuthI paravAnagI jotI nathI, mirAsadArane gAmanI bAbatanI dareka vAtamAM kheAlavAne hakka che, gAmanA gocaramAM temaja gAmAta jamInamAM ghara bAMdhavAne ane te dharanI vecANuthI vyavasthA karI nAkhavAnA hakka che. pUnAmAM mirAsadAra ane uprI ( mAlakI haka vinAnA ) kheDUtanuM pramANa traNa ane eka jeTalu haze. geAdAvarInI pelI pAsa uttara tarapha mirAsI du ochA thatA jAya che ane te ane uddhinI rItamAM bahu phera jovAmAM AvatA nathI. dakSiNu marAThA pradezamAM mirAsI hu khIlaphUla jovAmAM AvatA nathI. tApaNu yAvacca dradivAkarA vaMzaparaMparAne kabajo svIkArAya che. satArAnA mirAsadArAnA hakka dakSiNanA khIjA bhAgamAM jevA che tevAja che. jUnAnA klekTara mirAsI hakkanA bahu vyAjakhkhI rIte vakIla thaine beThA che. ane te Ne ThekANe A dhAraNa svIkAravAnI AgrahathI bhalAmaNa kare che. traNa A hukka upara humalA karavAneA kASThaneA irAdA cheja nahi, ane tethI A AAbatanI laMbANathI carcA karavI nirarthaka che. mi. ceplinane eTaluM agAuthI

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa 33 na saDeluM ke tenA pachInI briTiza sarakAra varasutAe dakSiNanA kheDUtone mirAsI hajata karaze. mi. cepline potAnA lAMbA riporTanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM loko sAthe haLI maLIne cAlavAnI bAbatamAM tAbAnA dhagreja amaladArone uddezIne eka moTuM bhASaNa karyuM che. A kimatI riperTa maLyA pachI muMbainA gavarnara mAunTaTuarTa elphinsaTane tamAma jItAyelA pradezanI mApaNI ane jamAbaMdI karavAnA hukama kahASA. dareka gAmamAM pATIlanI sattA sAcavI rAkhavAno Agraha karyo, jamAbandI halakI rAkhavAnI ane sarakhI rIte vaheMcI ApavAnI bhalAmaNo karI ane dareka prakAranA kabajA, bhogavaTA, kheDUta hake kAyama rAkhavAnI salAha ApI. sAmAnya mApaNI karavAnA hukame adhiSThAtamaMDaLane paNa satiSa Ape. dakSiNanA kamizanare 1824 mAM ane pachIthI 1825 mAM mApaNInA kAnanA musaddA mokalyA. madrAsamAM sara Tomasamoe jamInanA karanuM pramANa ghaTADIne upaja nIpajano trIjo bhAga nathI karyo hate; ane cepline dakSiNa mATe sudhArelA sarve kAnune sAthe ravAnA karelA sarakayularamAM te ja pramANa rAkhyuM. A sakhta sarakAra hakane lIdhe dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM khetInI AbAdInI pAyamAlI thaI che. madrAsamAM rAjya hakanI vadhAremAM vadhAre hada tarIke A niyama haju kAyama che. muMbaImAM hada mukarara karavAno vicAra ja mAMDI vALavAmAM AvyuM che, ane je jamAbaMdI bIjI gaNatrIthI TharAvavAmAM AvI che te ghaNIvAra upaja nipajanA trIjA bhAga jeTalI athavA vadhAre thavA jAya che. sAmAnya mApaNI karavAnI darakhAsta haju laTake che. mAIsyuarTa elphinTane dakSiNamAM gAmata rIvAja kAyama rAkhavAno prayatna karyo. upara jaNa

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336 prakaraNa 8 muM. vAyuM te pramANe raiyatavArI rIta ane gAmAtanI rItane saMga karavAne tene irAde hate. mApaNI karyA pachI dareka kheDUtane zuM ApavAnuM Ave che, te nakkI karavuM, ane pachI te pATIlanI mArkata dareka gAmamAMthI ugharAvavuM; Ave tene irAdo hato. "mApaNIthI pratyeka kheDUtanA hakka ane javAbadArI nakkI thaze, ane te pachI amuka varSane mATe gAma pATIlane IjAre ApI zakAze." kabUla karavuM joIe ke A darakhAstamAM eka AraMbhanI ja bhUla hatI. je mApaNI karIne gAmanA paTelano ane paMcane kheDUtomAM jamA badInI vaheMcaNa karavAne haka laI levAnuM hatuM te, paTela ane paMca kAyama rAkhavAno zo artha hate? pUrve seMkaDo varSothI cAlate Avela paTelano adhikAra laI levAnI icchA hatI te IjArA tarIke temane kAyama rAkhavAnI zI jarUra hatI ? madrAse A savAlanI bAbatamAM tAtvika siddhAntane ghAraNe laDAI karIne nizcaya karyo hato. madrAsanI ravinyasabhA ( Board of Revenue) tadana saMyukata vyavahAranA siddhAntane anumodana ApanArI hatI; ane gAmAta saMsthA ane tenI sattA tevI ne tevI baLavAna rAkhavAnI temanI icchA hatI. Tomasama tadana vyaktivAdI hatA, ane rAjyano dareka kheDUta sAthe pratyakSa vyavahAra rahe emAM AgrahI hatI. eTale jamInanI mahesulanA saMbaMdhamAM gAmAtanA adhikArIonI kaMIpaNa daramiyAnagirI joIe nahi evA abhiprAyo hato. TaeNmasamana phAvyo, ane madrAsanI gAmAte ekadama nirjIva thaI gaI ane temane bIjI sattA ApIne jIvatI rAkhavAnI mananI dhAraNA niSphaLa gaI. A prayoga ane pariNAmone bodha spaSTa hato. hiMdustAnamAM gAmAta kAyama rAkhavAnuM mULathI je sAdhana hatuM; te ja eka sAdhana hatuM eTale gAmanI aMdaranI mahesulanI vaheMcaNuM gAmapaMcanA hAthamAM ja rAkhavI. jamInanI upa

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa. 337. janA pramANamAM vadhAre paDatI mahesula keIne na ApavI paDe te bAbatamAM thoDAka kAnune saraLatAthI thaI zakata; ane te kAnunane tAbe rahIne gAmaDAMonA gharaDAone leka pAsethI chUTaka chUTaka ugharAvIne rAjyane samagra mahesula ApavAno temano mULa adhikAra kAyama rAkhI zakAya hota. A rItathI hiMdustAnanI prAcIna rIta satata cAlyA karata e eka oNTo phAyado dekhIteja thAta, ane dareka gAmamAM susthApita lekamaMDaLa banyuM raheta. paNa AvI goThavaNa kampanInA rAjyanA aMtastatvathIja viruddha hatI. kampanInI nIti dareka kheDUtanI sAthe pratyakSa saMbaMdha bAMdhavAnI ane te eTale ApI zake teTala kare tenI pAsethI levAnI hatI. A vicArathI elphinsTana paDe paNa eTale sudhI doravAI gayo hato ke teNe paNa sAmAnya mApaNI karI dareka kheDutanI javAbadArInA nirNaya karavAnuM maMjura karyuM ane ATaluM karyA chatAM jyAre paTelanI mAraphata samagratAthI kheData sAthe vyavahAra pADavAnI tenI IcchA thaI tyAre paTelano adhikAra naSTa thaye, e TIkAne tenI IcchA ughADI rIte pAtra hatI. eliphanTane 1827 mAM hiMdustAna choDayuM te varSamAM adhiSThAtasabhAe eliphansTananI darakhAstanI nabaLAI pakaDI kahADI ane tene lAbha lIdho. lakhe che ke, "jo mApaNIthI dareka kheDutanA hakkano ane javAbadArIno nirNaya kharekharI rIte thaI zake ane tenA hakkano bhaMga thatAM kheDUta tAtkAlika pratyakSa upAya laI zake, evI paddhati baMdhAya, te A lekhanA eka pUrvanI kalamamAM lakhyA pramANe paTelano upayoga thaI zake. mAjI pesvAInA vakhatamAM ijArA ApavAthI je aniSTo utpanna thayAM hatAM teno Apane anubhava che te Ape jemane sattAne durUpayoga karavAnI Adata paDI che, temanA hAthamAM durupayoga thaI zake. evI sattA soMpatAM pahelAM bahu sAvadhAnI rAkhavI joIe. temaja ijAradAra sAthe ApaNe mAphakasara mahesula levAno TharAva karIe tethI paNa te.loka pAse, julama karIne vadhAre nahi kaDhAve e paNa bharUso amane raheto nathI. gAmAtanA taMtranA aMtano A AraMbha hate. 22

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338 prakaraNa 8 muM. muMbaimAM raiyatavArI mahesula, - eliphansTana 1827 mAM vilAyata gayo te vakhate dareka prajAmAM mahesula AkarI che ema lokamAM sAmAnya rIte manAtuM hatuM ane kampanInA nokara tathA mahesulanA adhikArIo paNa temaja mAnatA hatA. madrAsamAM De. kAnsisabukananI tapAsa daramiyAna mahesulI adhikArIoe jamInano vero bahu bhAre hovAnuM ane tethI lokanI AbAdImAM harakata AvavAnuM kabUla karyuM hatuM ane tethI manAe aradhane badale trIjo bhAga sarakAra hakakane karI nAMkhyo hato; chatAM te paNa hajI bhAre ja hate. uttara hiMdustAnamAM saraeDavarDa kalAka ane eka pachI eka gavarnara janaraloe briTiza sarakAre ApeluM vacana pALIne jamInanI mahesulane acala AMkaDe karavAne mATe adhiSThAtR sabhA sAthe bahu mAthAkuTa karI, paNa temAM teo phAvyA nahi. A pramANe jamAba dI halakI karavAne temane hetu e hato ke lekane pase ekaThA karavAnuM ane potAnI sthiti sudhAravAnuM banI Ave. muMbaImAM paNa eliphansanane mahesula vadhatI jatI joine ciMtA utpanna thaI hatI ane cepline nIpajane eka tRtIyAMza sarakAra hakano mukarara karyo tethI raiyatane kaMika zAMti thaze ema manAyuM hatuM. AkhA hiMdustAnamAM jyAM yAvaccandradivAkara jamAbaMdI na hatI tyAM navA rAjAnA hakano beje raiyatane bahu bhAre paDe hate. adhiSThAtAo phariyAda sAMbhaLe ja nahi ane kampanInA je nakarone lokane thatA gerainsAphanuM bhAna hatuM teo potAnA abhiprAyo rItasara raju karatA paNa kaMi upAya karavAne teo azakata hatA. A vakhate prakhyAta aMgreja bizapa hebara hiMdustAnamAM hatA emaNe 1924-25-26 mAM AkhA hiMdustAnamAM musApharI karI ane A musApharI daramiyAna judA judA prAntanA lekenI sthitinI bArIkAIthI nirIkSA karI. tene lekanI nirdhanatA joIne ane IsTainDiyA kampanIe

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briTiza hiMdusthAnano Athaka ItihAsa. 3% temanA upara mukele mahesularUpI bhAre beje joine bahu dIlagIra thaI. temaNe A vAta spaSTa zabdomAM pitAnI naMdhamAM lakhelI nathI kAraNa ke te noMdha prasiddha karavAnA hetuthI lakhAI hatI. paraMtu khAnagI patramAM eNe potAnuM hRdaya khullA zabdomAM ane chUTathI khAlI karyuM che. rAITa onarebala cArlsa vilyama vinanA upara 1826 mAM karNATakathI lakhelo patra dAkhalA tarIke nIce TAMkIzuM. huM dhAruM chuM ke karanA A dare dezI ke yuropIyana kheDu AbAda thaI zake nahi. 'jamInanI nIpajane aDadha bhAga sarakAra mAge che, ane jyAM acaLa jamAbadI nathI tyAM A dara eTale to bhAre paDe che ke leka ATale karakasarIo che chatAM hamezanI cAlatI jarUrIyAto mATe paNa purUM thAya eTaluM tene rahetuM nathI. te to te loko jamIna bahu ja sastI ane sAdI rIte kheDe che. vaLI koI prakAranA sudhArAne mATe to A darathI pUrI aTakAyata thAya che. sArAM varSomAM paNa loko atyaMta nirdhana dazAmAM rahe che ane je jarAka paNa durmikSa jevuM jaNAya to te sarakArane lAkho rUpiyAnI upajanI nukazAnI ane tagAvI vagerenuM kharaca thAya che; ane te chatAM saMkhyAbaMdha strI puruSa ane bALake bhukhamarAthI maraNa pAme che ane zerIomAM rastA upara muDadAM rakhaDatAM rahe che. baMgALI atyaMta phalapa hovAnI sAthe acaLa AkAra vALe che tethI tyAM duSkALa ajJAta che bIjI tarapha uttarahiMdustAnamAM sarakArI nokaro sAmAnya rIte ema mAne che ane huM paNa emanI sAthe ekamata thAuM chuM ke kampanInA prAMtamAM raiyatanI sthiti dezI rajavADAMonI raiyatanI sthiti karatAM kharAba ane nabaLI che, ane ahIM madrAsamAM jyAM jamIna halakA daranI che tyAM to A pheraphAra bahu spaSTa mAluma paDI Ave che. hakIkata e che ke kaI dezI rAjya ApaNe jeTale hakka mAgIe chIe teTalo hakka mAgatuM nathI ane ApaNuM paddhatinA niyamitapaNAne mATe yogya mAna rAkhatAM paNa mane evA mANaso bahu thADA maLyA che ke jeo ema nathI mAnatA ke ApaNI raiyata upara majA

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* prakaraNa 8 mu. uparAMta be che ane te dhIme dhIme dhanahIna thatI jAya che. kalekaTarane A hakIkata jAhera rIte svIkAravAnuM gamatuM nathI. vakhato vakhata kaI bahu samarthe kalekaTara Ave che te loko uparathI bIje kamI karavAnI sAthe pitAnA udyoga ane huM zIArIthI rAjyane upaja vadhArI Ape che, paNa sAmAnya rIte zokaprada citra ApavAnuM teo dUra ja rAkhe che. kAraNa ke ema manAya che ke tethI temanI pitAnI nAlAyakI jaNAya che ane madrAsa ane kalakattethI sekreTarIonA ThabakAne teo pAtra thAya che. ane A kalakattA ane madrAsavALAone khu lAsA ApavAnI pharaja paDe che tyAre teo sarvAdhiSThAtAo vadhAre ne vadhAre paisAnI mAgaNI kare che e nimitta lAve che. mane khAtrI thaI che ke ApaNuM sAmrAjya sukhI ane TakAu karavA mATe leka pAsethI nANAM ochAM levAnI, je levAya temAMthI dezamAMne dezamAM vadhAre kharaca karavAnI, hiMduratAnanA udyogo mATe yuropamAM kaMI mAgaNI utpanna karavAnI, ane pitAnA ja loka upara adhikAra bhogavavAmAM lokone vadhAre bhAga ApavAnI jarUra che. uparathI jaNAze ke amaladAra varga lekanA upara gajA uparAMta bane che ema jANatA hatA, chatAM teo ughADI rIte te pramANe kahevAne nArAja hatA. paNa A amaladArone jyAre puchavAmAM AvyuM tyAre temaNe potAnA abhiprAyo spaSTa zabdomAM ane bhAra daIne kahI batAvyA, ethI emane mAna ghaTe che. AvA amaladAromAM eka robarTa rIcarDa hatA. temanA javAbomAMnA thaDA nIce ApyA che. jyAre hiMdustAnamAM levAya che te pramANe upaja nipajane aDa bhAga raiyata pAsethI rAjya le, ane jemanA upara aMkuza rAkhavAnuM azakya thaI paDe tevA saMkhyAbaMdha amaladAra A upaja ugharAvavAmAM nImAya, tyAre

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briTiza hiMdusthAnano Arthika itihAsa. 241 koIpaNa loka evo nathI ke jemanI sAthe sAro vepAra thaI zake evI temanI AbAdI thAya. "paradeza mokalavA jevI vastuo pedA karavAnuM tyAMja banI zake che jyAM Aje bhAre kare na hoya. baMgALA ke jyAM acaLa jamAbaMdI thaI che, ane jyAM prathamanI bhAre letarInI asara have dekhAtI nathI tyAM te banI zake.. paNa jayAM raiyatavArI kara levAya che, athavA jyAM upaja nipajanA 45 thI 50 TakA rAjya hakanA levAya che tyAM te banavuM atyaMta muzkela che. evA dAkhalAnI mane te mAhitI che ke jyAM leka pAse upajI nIpaja karatAM vadhAre mahesula levAI che. mane evI paNa khabara che ke keTaleka ThekANe mahesulano AkAra kayArInI jamIna, athavA bagIcAnI jamIna, ke mArI drAkSa ane bIjI uMcI pedAzanI jamIna tarIke mukarara karela hoya, ane tenuM kAraNa khAsa noMdheluM hAtha; paraMtu jyAM te jamIna ApaNe joIe tyAM ApaNane mAluma paDe ke je jagAnuM AvuM uMcuM varNana ApeluM hoya tyAM mANasanI yAdadAstamAM jaMgala karatAM bIjuM kAMI ja na hoya." hiMdustAnamAM mahesulanA AkAra saMbaMdhI A lAgaNI eka prasiddha pustakamAM Akhara prakaTa thaI. lephaTananTa karnala brise A bAbatanI prAcIna rIta rIvAjonI savistara tapAsa karI hiMdustAnanI jamInanI mahesulanuM svarUpa eka pustakamAM nirUpaNa karyuM che. atyAra sudhI isTa inDiyA kampanIe hiMdustAnane pitAnI mAlikInA mulaka tarIke ja lekhyuM hatuM, ane prAcIna hakka ane rIta rIvAjonI kaMIpaNa darakAra karyA vinA temAMthI jema bane tema vadhAre upaja levAnA yatno karyA hatA, A rIta viruddha jena brigsa moTuM yuddha upasthita karyuM. pitAnA mahAna ane pramANabhUta graMthadvArA teNe potAnA kALanA ane bhaviSyanA aMgrejone spaSTa samajAvyuM ke hiMdustAnamAM jamIna upara rAjyanI mAlakI kadI paNa na hatI. jamIna badhe ThekANe sudharelI prajAomAM che. .

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34ra prakaraNa 8 mu. te pramANe hiMdustAnamAM paNa khAnagI mIlakataja hatI; ane jema khIjI khAnagI mIlakata upara dara levAne sarakArane haka hatA; tema jamIna upara paNa dara levAne ja sarakArane haka hateA. pAMcase` pAnAnA meTA pustakanA sAra mAtra ApavA e paNa atre banI sUke tema nathI. paNa temanAM ceDAMka siddhAMtAnI neAMdha karavAnI jarUra che. kAraNa ke te vakhate paNa te kiMmatI hatA ane atyAre paNa teTalA ja kimatI che. jona brigse batAvyuM che ke prAcIna prajAemAM-eTale grIka, rAmana, parzvana, ane cInAomAM rAjya huka nIpajane dazAMza levAnA hatA. prAcIna hiMduemAM jamInanI guMjAsa ane paDatI mahenatanA pramANamAM dANAne AThame chaThThA athavA bArame bhAga levAtA hatA. ane te pachInA kALanA vyavahAranI vigatavAra tapAsa karIne brigsa lakhe che keH-- * jamInane kabajedAra ja tene svataMtra mAleka che. enA upara je rAjyana hUka levAmAM Ave te eka prakAranA upaja uparanA kara hato, eTale nIpajate amuka maryAdita aMza. A haka zAntinA vakhatamAM mukarara karele, paNu laDAinA vakhatamAM vadhArAi zakAya tevA; ane game te prasaMga hoya paNa temAMthI mAlIkane amuka naphe! raheteAja. je Rent kahI zakAya. huM ema mArU chuM ke uparathI huM eTalu` batAvI zakayA chu' ke ' rAjye ' kadI jamInanA mAleka hovAnA dAvA rAkhyA nathI; tete hamezAM niyata kara levAnA ja dhaNI che. upaja kheDutane bhAgye purU thAya teTalu` rAkhIne bAkInI lai javAmAM samAyalI isTa inDiyA kampanInI A mukhya dhAraNanI khedarakArI, jamInamAMthI jeTalI upaja thAya teTalI tamAma dhasaDI lai javAnA temanA prayatne, eja briTiza chatra nIce lAkanI thayelI nirdhanatAnuM jona brigsa mukhya kAraNa mAnatA hatA. y " jo huM ema batAvI zakyA hAu ke ApaNI pUrvanA vyavahArathI ApaNe judo vyavahAra dAkhala karyo che, ane te karatAM vadhAre sakhtAi

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa. vALI rIta ApaNe hAtha karI che, te| huM dhArUM chuM ke temAM sudhArA karavAnAM puratAM kAraNA che, ane tapAsa thaze evI AzA teA avazya rAkhI zakAya. jaya dharma pramANe vartanArI hiMdu athavA musalamAnI rAjya paddhatimAM ApaNA jevI, lekanI AbAdIne tadana uthalAvI rAkhanArI pati haze nahi. ApaNe dareka ThekANe kabula karIe chIe ke karanA kheAjAnA bhAra e emanA upara eka krUratA che, tepaNa eka paNa zakhasane te kheAjAmAMthI ApaNe chuTakAro karyo nathI. eTalu ja nahi paNu karatu dhAraNa paNa ApaNe khATuM dAkhala karyuM che; upaja ne badale nANAMnuM khIjA vargo uparanA nAnA kareA nAbuda karavAnuM ApaNe mitra karyuM che paNa te tamAma karIne kho jamInadAra varga upara ja ApaNe nAMkhyA che; ane dareka zakhasanI sthitinI bArIka tapAsa karIte, ApaNane peAtAne insApha karavAne mhAne, je sAdhanethI teo ApaNane bhAre kara ApatA hatA te sAdhane paNu ApaNe temanI pAsethI lai lIdhAM che; ane vadhAre ne vadhAre sakhtAi karIne ApaNe ApaNI upaja vadhArI che ane lokone majuranI sthitimAM lAvI mukayA che. ApaNA amana lanuM A udhADu dhAraNu che, ane te jamInamAMthI utpanna thatA tamAma napho dhasaDI javAnuM nizcita ane anivArya la che. 46 sarakAra jamInanA svata Mtra mAlIka che evA svIkAra karIne ApaNI sarakAra ema dhAre che ke jamIna e upajane mATe sarvathI vadhAre phAyadA ApanAra sAdhana che. tethI kheDuta upara dekharekha rAkhavAne te sarakArI teAkaranu eka lazkara rAkhe che; ane ughADI rIte tamAma naphA levAnuM kabula kare che. je prakAranI letarI ( jamInadAra pAsethI ) hamaNAM hiMdustAnamAM cAle che, tevI kadI paNa yurepa ke eziyAnAM kAi paNa rAjyamAM hoya evuM jANuM vAmAM nathI. '' jagamAM bIjA koi dezamAM AvA moTA ane vicAravALA pustake te

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344 prakaraNa 8 muM. kaMI uthala pAthala karI mUkI hota, paNa hiMdustAnamAM muMbaInA vasulAtI adhikAronA AcAra vicAramAM teNe kaMi paNa pheraphAra karyo nahi. eliphansTane AdarelI mApaNI ane jamAbandI 1824-28 mAM muMbaInA sivila sarvisa vALA mi. pringale zarU karI hatI ane jamInanI upajanA khoTA ane vadhAre paDatA aMdAja upara AMkaNuM karI hatI jethI bahu mAThAM pariNAmo AvyAM. kiMgalanI AMkaNIno pAyo jamInanI mApaNI, judI judI jamInanI upajano aMdAja ane khetInuM kharaca; e upara racAyo hato. ane sarakAra haka mukarara karavAnuM dhoraNa A rIte kADhelI khakhI upajanA 55 TakAnuM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mApaNInA pahelAM ja kAmamAM bahu bhale hatI ane upajano aMdAja je A kAmamAM mukhya bAbata hatI ane je bahu vicAra ane zrama pUrvaka kADhavAmAM Avyo hato, temAM eTalI to bhUlo hatI ke kaMI kasara nahi. pahelethI ja bhara AkAra jevuM kAMI laI zakAze e azakayaja mAlama paDayuM. keTalAka jIllAomAM aradha paNa vasula thaI zakyuM nahi. divase divase mAmale vadhato gayo. varSovarSa bAkAta vadhAre rahetI gaI ane TImala thate ja gaye. temane tema mahesula daramAM pheraphAro karavA paDyA ane mArIo ApavAnI jarUra paDatI gaI. lAcAra kheDuta pAsethI jema bane tema vadhAre nANuM kADhavAnA yatno kAyadesara, gerakAyade, ema thavA lAgyA. je teo Ape nahi athavA ApI zake nahIM to temane dehadaMDa thAya, ane tenA keTalAka dAkhalA to bahuja krUra ane avarNanIya. saMkhyAbaMdha leka pitAnAM ghara choDI paDozanA dezI rAjyomAM cAlyA gayA; pradezonA pradeza ujaDa thaI gayA, ane keTaleka ThekANe te kheDavANa jamInanA trIjA bhAganI jamIna atyAre kheDAya che. A paddhati chevaTe tajAI. muMbaInI sivila sarvisavALA mI. golDasa mIDe ane lephaTananTa vigeTe sana 1835mAM navI mApaNI zarU karI; A lephaTenanTa vigeTa pAchaLathI sarajarjavigeTa thayA.

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briTiza hiMdusthAnanA Arthika itihAsa, " jamInamAMthI keTalI upaja thAya che. teneA aMdAja kADhavAnA prayatna bAju upara mUkIne mApaNImAM kalAsa vArInI rIta dAkhala karI. eTale jamInane kasa ane mATInI UMDANa tapAsI te pramANe vargo pADavAmAM AvyA. A kAma sArUM nava varSAM pADavAmAM ane AkAranA dara mukarara karavAmAM jamInanA kasa upara ane jIllAnI sAmAnya sthiti upara ja temaNe najara rAkhI hatI. 35 A paddhati amaladAroe pasaMda karelI chatAM vAMcanAra joI zakaze ke te khATA dheAraNa upara ghaDAyalIche, khetaranI sarAsarI upajane hIsAbe AkAra mukarara karavA e dhAraNa dhaNuM junu che; ane emAM pringala niSphaLa thaye tenuM kAraNa e ke teNe te dheAraNa barAbara lAgu pADayu nahi. jamInanA kasa ane uMDANu upara AkAra doravA e dekhIte ja khATA rastA che; paNa AmAM vingeTa sala thayA kAraNa ke teNe peAtAnA svabhAvagata viveka ane naramAsathI e dhAraNanA upayAga karyAM; jamInanI bhUstarazAstranI rIte tapAsa karavAthI tenI upajatuM kharU dhAraNa hAtha na AvI zake; ane A dhAraNa upara ghaDAyelI hesula paddhatimAM uttarAttara hesulamAM je vadhArA thayA, teNe karIne atya Mta nirdhanatA ane kaSTa AkhA prAntamAM phelAi gayAM che. sane 1835 mAM je mApaNI zarU thai, tethI atyAranI muMbainI jamIna mhesulanI paddhatinI zarUvAta thai. ane te prAMtamAM, mahArANI viAriyA gAdIe beThAM teja sAlamAM pahelI niyamasara jamAndI AkArAI. A paddhatine bArIkIthI tapAsavAnI jarUra che, kAraNa teja paddhati pramANe mhesula levAya che, atyAra sudhI mukhaimAM jamAbandInu kAma ghaNAM varSa sudhI cAlyuM ane dhIme dhIme AkhAM ilAkAmAM phelAyu'. jema jema anubhava vadhatA gayA tema tema bhaviSyanI sagavaDa mATe kAnune bAMdhavAne mATe anubhava ekatra karavAnuM yeAgya jaNAyuM.

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346 prakaraNa 8 muM. 1847 mAM geisamiDa, vigeTa ane DeviDasananA saMyukta riporTathI A anubhava ekatrita thayo. saMyukta riporTamAM samajAvyuM che te pramANe A jamAindInAM nIcenAM dhoraNe hatAM. 1. A jamAindI khetaravAra AkArathI mukarara karavAmAM AvI hatI. AkhI sIma athavA khAtAnA samagra AkArathI nahIM. 2. tene AdhAre mukarara karelI sAthe trIsa varSanA lAMbA paTA karI ApavAmAM AvyA hatA; prathama je TuMkI mudatanA paTA hatA tene badale. 3. upajanA aMdAjanuM dhoraNa bAju upara mUkI jamInanA kasa ane guMjAranA dhoraNa upara jamInanI kiMmata AkArIne AMkaNuM thaI hatI. A bAbata saMyukta riporTamAMthI thoDA intakhAbathI spaSTa thaze. jyAM sudhI kheDUta pitAnA khAtAne AkAra bhare jAya tyAM sudhI tenA khAtAnI jamIna upara tene haka akSara che. enI sAthe sAthano karAra varSovarSa no thAya che e vAta che ke sAcI che te paNa ane khetara dITha AkAra mukarara karavAthI eka e sagavaDa thaI che ke jyAre tene jarura paDe tyAre je khetara mUkavAM hoya te mUkI zake che, ane vaLI IcchA thAya ne paDatara paDelAMmAMthI bIjA levAM hoya te laI zake che, eTale enI sthitinA pramANamAM pitAnA khAtAnI jamInamAM ISTa ghaTADe vadhAro karavAnuM tene banI Ave che. trIsa varSane mATe lAMbA paTA karyAthI ApaNI mApaNIe kheDutane phAyado eTalo karI Apyo che ke trIsa varSanA paTAne tamAma naphe tene maLe, chatAM khAtAmAM varSovarSa pheraphAra thaI zake; eTale je varSe jeTalI jamIna tenA hAthamAM hoya teTalI jamInane AkAra te varSe tene sarakArane bhAra paDe, te sivAya bIjI koI baMdhaNImAM tene paDavAnuM nahi.

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briTiza hidusthAnanA Arthika pratihAsa. jamInanA nava prakAra pADavAnA enA dheAraNanI vAta upara AvI gai che; anubhavathI ema mAluma paDayu` che ke vyavahAra mATe ATalA prakAra puratA che. paNa prakAra nirNaya karanAra amaladAranAja nirNaya upara AdhAra rAkhIne mesI rahevAne badale kevI jamIna kevA vargamAM mUkavI joIe e bAbatanA ame keTalAka niyamA bAMdhyA che. A prAntamAM athavA je prAMtAmAM ame mApaNI karI che te tamAma prAMtAmAM jamInanI laGgapatA, pANI cUsavAnI tenI zakti upara rahelI che ane A zakti tenI uMDANa upara AdhAra rAkhe che, tethI A uMDANane ame mukhya dhAraNu tarIke svIkArI che. jo sarakhI uMDANunI badhI jamIna eka sarakhI lakupa hoya te A eka dhAraNa basa thAya; paNa tema nathI. ame jamInanI lakrupatAnA dheAraNe tenA traNa mukhya varga pADayA che; ane uMDANunuM dhAraNa tenI sAthe joDathAthI amArA nava varSa upaje che. nIcenA kAkathI jaNAze. varga. 1 3 varganI AnAnI jhINI eka sara khIkALI yuniTa pahelAM karatAM jA uDANa. DI ane tsu kharI. kimata. 16 14 ra 10 4 1 1 1 13 a bIjA karatAM jADI ra Mge AchI sukha rI. ... ... 880 800 340 9.0

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348 prakaraNa 8 muM. dareka prakAranI jamInamAMthI je je rIte upaja AvI hoya te badhAnuM eka patraka banAvavuM joIe. AvI rIte mAhitI ekaThI karyA pachI te jIllAno pUrvano ItihAsa jevo ane tethI tenI pUrvanI sthitinI khabara paDaze. ane A badhAnA jJAnanI sAthe sAthenA jIllAone mukAbale tenI zuM jAsano paNa vicAra thAya tyAre ze AkAra mukarara kare tene saMtoSakAraka nirNaya thaI zake. paNa AkhA jIllAne mATe eka sAmaTI rakama nakkI karavAne badale, jumale te rakama thAya te rIte dareka khetaranI AMkaNI karavI te vadhAre sagavaDa paDatuM che. ane Ane mATe judI judI jAtanI khetIne mATe jUdA jUdA uMcAmAM uMcA dara nakkI karavA. eTale halakA dara vargadArInA ApaNuM dharaNa pramANe enI meLe nakakI thaI jaze. A uparanA IntakhAbathI muMbaI ilAkAnI mahesulanA dhoraNane khyAla ApaNane thAya che. te dhAraNa khetanI pitAnA khetara upara vaMzaparaMparAne mAlakI haka svIkAre che; paNa marAThA rAjya nIce mirAsI kabajedArane acala AkaDAno je prAcIna haka hato te laI le che. lAkho khetaromAMthI kyA khetara upara keTale AkAra le tene mATe bhAre zrama laIne eka dhoraNa nakakI kare che, paNa te AkAranI kaI hada te mukarara karatuM nathI. jamInanI upajanA

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa. 34 InsAphI dheraNane badale AkArane mATe kevaLa avyAvahArika-bhUstara zAstranuM dhoraNa dAkhala kare che ane jamInanI vargavArI karavA sArU dasa bAra ziliMganA pagAradAra kalAsaronAM ToLeToLAM kheDUta upara choDI mUke che. vaLI A rIte cekasa niyamo pramANe khetaravAra AkAra AkAra, paNa AkhA jIllA upara keTalI rakama mUkavI tene nirNaya te jIllAnI pUrvanI sthiti ane tenA pUrvanA ItihAsa uparathI kare. Ama je eka bAbatamAM loko sarakAra pAsethI trIsa varSa pachI zuM thaze te bAbatamAM tasallI mAge te bAbatamAM to temane kaMIpaNa tasallI maLI nahi. isTa iniyA kampanInA nekare pitAnI hakanI kAMI paNa maryAdA bAMdhe nahi. dareka navI jamAbandIne TAMkaNe lekenI sthiti pramANe potAno haka vadhAravA pheravavA teoe sattA rAkhI. dareka navI jamAbandIne TAMkaNe vasulAtI adhikArIone AkAra vadhAravAnI niraMkuza sattA ApavI enA jevI kheDUtane hamezane mATe garIba ane sAdhana rahita rAkhavAnI bIjI rIta yojavI muzkela che. jamInano kara mukarara karavAmAM kheDUtane kaMIja avAja nathI. kara mukarara karatI vakhate tene puchavAmAM AvatuM nathI. paNa te mukarara karyA pachI ene ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke ame mukarara karelo kara tAre Apa, athavA tArI bApa dAdAnI jamIna cheDI devI ane bhukhe maravuM. A jamAbandInA kAmamAM jemaNe bhAga lIdhe che temanA zabdothI A vAta jarApaNa vadhArIne karavAmAM Ave che ema nathI. ema sahaja samajAze. 1853 mAM kampanIne paTo tAjo karavAnuM hatuM, te vakhate hamezanI rIta pramANe pArlAmenTarI kamiTi nImAI, ane hiMdustAnanA rAjyanA dareka khAtAnI tapAsa thaI 1852 mAM divAne Ama ane divAne khAsanI sabhAonI kamiTie purAvo lai riporTa ghaDyo. vaLI 1853 mAM paNa temaNe bIje purAvo lIdhe; umarAvoe cha riporTo karyA, ane AmanI sabhAnI kamiTie traNa. A darIAmAMthI ApaNe mi. golDaphinca nAmane eka amaladArane

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prakaraNa 8 muM. purAvA TAMkIzu. emaNe mu MbainI jamAyandInA kAmamAM bhAga lIdhA hatA ane 1853 nA jInanI 20 mI tArIkhe potAnI jubAnI ApI hatI. savAla 6714. tame ema samajo ke eka khetara pAMca vIdyAnuM lIdhuM ane te kAIeka kabajedAranA kabajAmAM che; pachI te khetara upara kalekaTara pAtAnI marajI mujaba AkAra mukarara kare ! ke te mAlIka athavA kabajedArane tame ATaluM ApavAne khuzI che ke kema ? ema puche ? javAba. AkAra-sarje suprinTenDenTa kheDutane puchyA gAyA vinAja mukarara kare che. ane jyAre navA AkAra dAkhala thAya tyAre leTara dareka khAtAnA kabajedArane teDAvIne tene kahe ke havethI tamArA khetarane amuka AkAra vasula karavAmAM Avaze. jo e sarate rAkhavAne te kabula hoya te te tenA hAthamAM rahe nahi te te mAdhurI Ape. sa. 6720, te jIllAmAM cAkhkhI upaja ane AkAra vacce sarvatra eka ja pramANa che ke jajUdAM jUdAM ? ja. A savAlanA javAba huM ApI zakate nathI huM mAtra aTakaLa karI ku` ke ceokhkhI upaja ane AkAra vacce zuM pramANa rakhAya che. sa. 6722. AkhA jIllAnI mApaNI upara dekharekha rAkhavAnu kAma eka ja adhikArItu che ? ja. hA. sa. 6723. eTale ema kharUM te, ke AkAranuM dhAraNa AkhA ilAkAmAM eka sarakhuM' che ! ja. bezaka. sa. 6724. suprinTenDenTa opha sanheM,e amaladAra kayA khAtAmAMthI Ave che

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- briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika -- ja. te ijanerI khAtAmAMthI kepTana vigeTa. mi. goacine ema jaNAyuM hatuM ke jamInanI mahesula kheDUtane puchayA gAyA vinA mukarara karavI ane pachIthI te jamInane te sarate tene rAkhavA IcchA hoya te rAkhe, ane nahi to mAdhurI Ape; e rIta vAjabI hatI. tene ema nahIM lAgeluM ke jamIna to kheDutanA bApanI che, ane tenA pUrvajo cokasa kara ApIne vaMzaparaMparAthI bhagavatA AvyA che; ane mAdhurI ApavAnI taka ApavI ene artha te enI vaMzaparaMparAnI jamIna japta karavA barAbara che ane tema karavAthI ghaNuM karIne bhukhamare ane maraNa e ja pariNAmane avakAza rahevAne. kepTana vigeTane insApha karavA mATe eTaluM kahevuM joIe ke A kharAba paddhatine teNe bahu viveka ane rahemadIlIthI amalamAM mUkI ane isTa inDiyA kaMpanIne InsApha karavA sArU kahevuM joIe ke A rItamAM rahelo anyAya te samajatI hatI, ane AkAranI maryAdA bAMdhavAne temaNe yatna karyo hate. kampanIne paTe tAjo thayA pachI traNe varSe eTale 1856 mAM temaNe daphatara upara mUkayuM che ke sarakArane haka te jamInanuM bhADuM eTale khetInuM kharca ane khetIvADInAM sAdhano upara napho-e bAda karatAM je rahe te badhuM rAjyanuM, ema nathI; paNa mAtra jamIna upara amuka mahesula levAne haka ja che. ane IsTa InDiyA kampanI rada thayA pachI sekreTarI opha sTeTa saracArlavuDe (pAchaLathI leDaheliphikasa ) emaNe 1864nA prakhyAta kharItAmAM evo TharAva karyo ke bhADAne mAtra aMza ja ane te ardha aMzaja levAno amAro irAdo che. paNa A badhI dhArmika vRttione amala thaI zaka nathI. muMbaInI paddhatimAM khetaranI upaja ane upara kahyuM tevuM bhADuM-eno nirNaya karavAmAM Avyo nathI. mAtra leko bhUtakALamAM keTaluM ApatA ane bhaviSyamAM keTaluM ApI zakaze tene khyAla karIne ja tyAM agADI khAtAnI mahesulo A - kArAI che, jyAM kheDutone pUchavAmAM Ave nahi ane je AkAra mukarara thAya te

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para prakaraNa 8 mu. upara kArTane apIla karavAne haka nahi, tyAM dareka navI jamAbandI vakhate he sulatA AMkaDA vadhatAja gayA ane kheDu garIba ane sAdhanahIna thatA gayA. lerDa keninga jeo 1858 thI 1962 sudhI vAisaroya hatA temaNe muMbai ilAkAmAM acaLa AkAra dAkhala karavAnI darakhAsta karI; paNa 1883 mAM inDiyA esei e darakhAsta nAmaMjura karI. mArvesa ekpana je 1880-84 sudhI ApaNA vAisarAya hatA temaNe jamInanI hesula bhAvamAM amuka vadhArA thAya te| ja vadhAravI evA ceokhkhA niyama karavAnI darakhAsta karI. paNa te darakhAsta inDiyA ophise 1885 mAM rada karI. jamInanA karanA saMbaMdhamAM je nyAyI ane samajI zakAya tevI maryAM. dAe mUkavAnI darakhAsta vakhata vakhata thai te tamAma darakhAstA 26 gai; ane muMbainI paddhati kheDutane jANe daridra ane sAdhanahIna rAkhavAnA hetuthIja nirmAMi heAya tevI thai rahI che. ene lIdhe kheDuta zAhukAranA paMjAmAM vadhArete vadhAre sapaDAtA jAya che. ane muMbaimAM ogaNIsamA saikAnI pUrNAhuti eka sarvavyApI trAsadAyaka duSkALathI thaityArevivekI ane vicArazIla mANaso ema dhAratA ke lArDa haeNliphekasanI maryAdAne amalamAM mUkavAnAM lerDa ripananI darakhAsta pramANe maryAdA bAMdhavAnAM ka i pagalAM levAze. paNa tevAM kAMI pagalAM levAyAM nathI; ane ethI ulaTuM loDaeN karjhane hamaNAM eka evA navA kAyadvAne maMjurI ApIche, ke jethI marAThA rAjye paNa svIkArelA, ane elphinsTana ane vingeTanA vakhatamAM briTiza sarakAre maMjura rAkhelA mAlakI hakakA mhesulamAM na bharAyAnA kAraNathI jyAre kheDutanI jamIna japta karavAmAM Ave tyAre lai levA eve TharAva karavAmAM AvyA che. pariNAma e AvyuM che ke jyAre muMbainA kheDute rAjya hakkanI maryAdA bAMdhavAnI araja karI tyAre duniyAmAM tenI je kAMi mIlakata-jamIna-jenI je kAMi bajAramAM kimata hatI te lai laIne tene duHkhamukta karyAM.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 53 prakaraNa 9 muM nANAM prakaraNa ane Arthika apavAha isTa inDiyA kampajIne paTa 1833 mAM 1804 thI 20 varSa mATe tAje thayo. A vakhate nANAM saMbaMdhI je goThavaNa thaI te have samajIe. eTharAva karavAmAM Avyo ke te tArIkhathI isTa inDiyA kampanI epAra tamAma baMdha karavo, ane mAtra rAjyakartA ane kArabhArI tarIke ja rahevuM. kampanInA sarahadI temaja bInna karaje hiMdustAnanI jAhera upajamAMthI bharavI; ane kampanIne teja upajamAMthI bhAgIdAroe bharelI muDI upara dara varSe 10 pAunDa dare vyAja ApavuM; 184 pachI kampanIne vyAja levAne A hakka dara se pAu base pAuMDa ApIne sarakAranI marajI thAya te rada karavAne pAtra TharAvya; ane chevaTe ema karAvyuM ke je kapanI 1854 pachI baMdha thAya athavA pArlamenTanI sattAthI temanI pAsethI hiMdustAnane rAjyakArabhAra lai levAmAM Ave te uparanAM nANAM te tArIkhathI eka varSanI aMdara sarakAra pAse mAgavAne kampanIne haka thAya che; ane AvI rIte karelI mAgaNInAM nANuM traNa varSamAM purAM pADavAnI sarakAra ekavaNu karaze. sane 1833 nA kAyadAmAM A pramANe mukhya karAve thayA. A goThavaNanA saMbaMdhamAM TIkA karavAnI jarUra nathI. briTizaprajAe ja. zahUnA bIjA bhAgomAM rAjyo meLavavAne mATe karoDa nANAM kharacyAM hatAM, paNa hiMdustAnamAM eka sAmrAjya sAMpaDavuM, lAio laDAI, ane rAjayavahIvaTa cAze, te badhuM hiMdustAnane ja kharace briTiza prajAe eka kaTi badAma sarakhI RNa pelI nahi. vaLI je vepAranI kampanIe A rAjya meLavyuM teNe be 3

Page #365
314 prakaraNa 9 mu . jamAnA sudhI potAnI muDInuM vyAja ane naphe paNa A rAjyanI upajamAMthIja pedA karyAM. jyAre 1834mAM vepAra baMdha karyo tyAre paNa hiMdustAnanA leAkeAnA upara nAkhelA karanI upajamAMthI temanuM vyAja te| temane maLe evI geAThavaNu karI lIdhI ane chevaTe, jyAre 1858 mAM kampanI baMdha thai tyAre temanI muDInAM nANAM hiMdustAnane khAte karaja kADhIne ApI devAmAM AvyAM. A pramANe sAmrAjya kampanI pAsethI sarakAramAM gayu, paN aveja hiMdustAnanA lokoe ApyA; ane hajI Aje paNa hiM danivAsIoja karajanA vyAjanA svarUpamAM kailAsavAsI kampanIne vyAja Ape jAya che. 1792 thI mahArANI vikTerIyA gAdIe AvyAM tyAM sudhI sTaDa inDiyA kampanInA upajanA AMkaDA joie. prAMta. jamInanI mahesula. kula mahesula. da khagALA sAma subai kula 309161 742760 09025 3813401 1792-93 5512761 2476312 236555 8225628 kula kharcA da 3873819 2222878. 844096 6940833

Page #366
briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa 1783-84 baMgALA | 3177028 5871945 - 3714160 madrAsa, 789050 2110089 1972224 muMbaI 8250 284779 809745 kula 4048128 ( 8276770: che 6597129 1794-95 5937931 folkeho 3235259 3863566 madrAsa 891640 1775782 / 1880772 , Pohoda T: 70238 312480 : 8279 4197137 8026193 1. 256788 1795-96 . 5694184 Mollc. he 3130697) 3986744 madrAsa 8ra0ra00 , 1894304 211919 Pihak 64085. 277586 787057 kula 4123982 | 786694 - : 6888987.

Page #367
356 khamALA madrAsa mu banna kula baMgALA mAma muMba' kula bhagALA madrAsa mukhapru kula 3118556 200534 39724 4058814 3087443 732983. prakaraNa 9 mu 38872 3869298 3072743 5}}}} 37007 3966416 1796-97 5703906 1996328 315937 8016 101 1797-98 5782741 1938910 73813 8059880 1798-99 6153615 2123831 374587 8652033 4126644 2449000 2932394 * 7502038 4351926 2665232 258169 8015327 441954 3442094 1280315 9139363

Page #368
gALA madrAsa mukhama kula agALA madrAsa muMbaI kula baMgALA madrAsa muMbai kula briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 1094-1800 648473 3213270 883539 31364 4128133 3218766 957799 45130 4221695 3291303 1095972 5451 4446846 2422536 415663 973672 1800-1 658334 3540268 286457 1048505 1701-2 7127988 4729609 3592 12163589 5058661 3319540 1577182 9925390 35 24209}} 4614387 1432832 11468185 1647415 5347805 1414825 12410045

Page #369
358 gALA 3295761 833108 madrAsa muMbai kula magALA madrAsa muMbai kula bagALA madrAsa muMbai kula 8015 4296854 3252621 921646 305861 448128 3225436 293849 384740 4604025 prakaraNa 9 mu. 1802-3 8380027 4724904 359546 13464537 18034 8060993 4651744 55864 13271385 1804-5 8336707. 4857140 715548 14945395 5708858 5117769 1410253 12236880 193638 6306284 1885483 14395405 7464291 631213 2338279 16115183

Page #370
baMgALA sAsa muMbama kula ma gAvA madrAsa muMbaI kula gALA madrAsa muMbai kula briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 1805-6 331173 100416 471344 4880433 3296684 963440 382536 4648660 372905 1039671 417186 5185955 2542430 5014493 846486 15403429 1806-7 2160149 4602721 702869. 9291826 5742829, 2474209. 14535739 17508864 para 8931852 5728164 - 2761296 17421418 1807-2 2971695 Co6082* 4927519 770691 15669905 57172282 2372142 15850290

Page #371
prakaraNa 4 muM. 18-8-09 9816458 baMgALA 3851128 7888924 madrAsa 1057628 496832 5411pat muMbaI 4ra7033 740276 ra06ra814 kula [ 5335789 | 155555 15392889 - - - - - - - - 1809-10 baMgALA 370 1200 959880 7815675 madrAsa 1184253 5373 182 5647365 I muMbaI 396442 69114 2081671 para86935 ) 15655885 15534711 - - - - - - - 1810-11 baMgALA | 10682240 7241838 3285382 10666 madrAsa para38576 5110977 muMbaI 437108 758372 1557165 - kula : 4804156 16678187 13808981

Page #372
agALA madrAsa muMbai kula bhagALA mAsa muMba kula khagALA madrAsa muTTha kula briTiza hiMdustAnanA Arthika itihAsa. 3296905 14244 433785 477534 3310874 1159778 420323 48075 3310617 222793 40802 46042 2 1811-12 10706172 5156717 742726 16605615 1712-13 10390257 para58244 }9922 16336290 1813-14 11172471 5297088 359152 17228711 7058891 : 4619619 1542485 13220966 361 7222936 4099630 1493262 : 12815828 7135172 4893224, 1589329 13617725

Page #373
362 prakaraNa 9 muM. 1814-15 11155812 baMgALa 7370741 8145560 madrAsa 3889555 5322164 5134246 muMbaI 488988 818204 1675200 T - - 11749294 17297280 158papa006 --- ----- --- --- 1815-16 11312896 will ha 7566438 9833862 madrAsa 39 8158 5106107 5288476 - muMbaI 467777 818816 1937430 kula 1 11643884 17237818 17058968 1716-17 11856953 baMgALA 7875647 10200303 madrAsa 3826107 536 0220 para01399 - muMbaI 498102 * 860405 1902460 J. kula " | 12188856 / 18077578 17304162

Page #374
baMgALA madrAsa muMbai kula khagALA madrAsa muMbai kula aMgALA mAsa muMbai kula briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 76 39154 3856433 868047 12363634 8548138 3789410 1143041 13490589 2163919 3791931 107814 13034064 1217-18 11692068 1381307 13:2445 18375820 1818-19 12437385 5361432 1660200 19452017 1819-20 12245526 . 5407004 1577932 19230462 363 10685154 . 5475254 1885086 18046194 11925349. 5274-45 . 2492193 20396587 11598412 569484. 2395844 19689107

Page #375
ka64 - prakaraNa 7 muM. 1820-21 154723 baMgALA 8139415 | 12287387 : madrAsa 37384 5403506 papa72489 muMbaI 1818314 2401312 3197366 17696189 21352241 210572para 1821-22 Iblle ha 8258803 13390339 10841003 madAsa 3708404 5557028 pa4055Tara muMbaI 1 176 1910 2855740 3609894 13729217 21803108 19856488 ka -- 1822-23 baMgALA 8261843 1431204 10746301 bhakAsa 3718395 5585210 5072992 muMbaI | 1551592 0274447 I 4214448 kula | 13pa8284 23171701 | 20083741

Page #376
briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 1823-24 1299ra069 baMgALA 11397024 8211251 3741100 madrAsa 5448765 6228823 muMbaI 160788 2789550 3228150 * kula ! 13559439 21280384 U20853997 1924-25 [ 13524223 baMgALA 8081462 L13509810 mahAsa. 3765212 5440743 pa714848, muMbaI 12875 1785217 27938 ; sala 13055409 20750183 254156 - - 1825-26 [ 13151080 baMgALA | 8133625 | L14456164 madrAsa | 3978682 5714915 5704829, , muMbaI, te 1627237 1. 2262363 407020 kula | 13739544 J21128388 : 24168013

Page #377
.' A prakaraNa 9 muM. ' 1826-27 14812833 baMgALA 83558** 13824322 madrAsa 366932 5881681 5432562 muMbaI | 1873427 2188983 3975411 13898538 22383497. 23312295 baMgALA 1827-28 1487311 8331604 14-12763 madrAsa 3605226 5347828 | 6007597 muMbaI. 1817873 2542325 I 4033477 13754703 22863263 24053837 1828-29 14833840 baMgALA 8200779 1256355 madrAsa 3649012 papa75048 5502224 muMbai 1722335 2331802 365ra786 13572126 1 22740691 21718560

Page #378
briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 1829-30 13858178 baMgALA 8187563 11710870 bhadrAsa 3522100 5415587 5256647 * * muMbAI 1585432 2421443 3600041 - - - 13305085 21685208 20568358 1830-31 14119914 baMgALA 8228161 11532398 madrAsa 346328 5358260 517020 muMbaI 1650061 2541136 3584472 13338551 22019310 2273880 1831-32 . baMgALA | 694ra324 11748757 1346450 madrAsa 3252117 4472137 2167574 muMbaI 1395891. 2096343 146079 11590332 ) 18317277 7048173,

Page #379
368 prakaraNa 8 muM. 1832-33 | 12244523 10011c. La 7099249 10539527 madrAsa 40703 4108061 431245ra muMbaI 1441986 2125340 2662741 11481838 18477824 17514720 1833-34 11616954 lollow 6637961 9881927 madrAsa 3176708 4358207 4382368 muMbaI 1629580 2242207 2990037 | 16924332 11444249 [ 18267368 1834-35. 3234379 15290414 baMgALA 8470472 vAyavyaprAnta 2018344 4899274 1484027 mukAsa 3256855 4480025 4128753 muMbaI 1544183 2186934 2581244 - kula 12053718 | 26856647 1668449

Page #380
briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa 369 ~~ ~ 1835-36 8281287 baMgALa. - 7842501 1640478 4838133 vAvya prAnta madrAsa. muMbaI. 3304284 4317981 32976 2 1719885 3838758 4599261 24ra4444 2572067 kula. 12538772 20148125 15994804 8455287 baMgALA. vAvya prAnta. madrAsa. muMbaI. 3575058 4478417 3161490 1836-37 6818470 5056489 4618309 2705682 1735419 4172784 184ra75e 2999878 13057725 18188850 17363368 baMgALA. 36 15975 3765873 vAyavya prAtA. 1837-38 8081014 4369351 4819890 2588565 8536423 180729 4295036 2914857 madrAsa 3431200 muMbaI 1858525 12671673 20858820 1553525 - - 24

Page #381
370 prakaraNa 9 muM. A nIrasa AMkaDAonAkASTakamAM je ApaNe te kALane itihAsa vAMcIe te ghaNo artha samAyele mAluma paDaze. kampanI sarakAranI rAjyanItimAM jyAM jyAM pheraphAra thayA che, jyAre jyAre yuddha tarapha valaNa thayuM che, athavA zAnti ane karakasara tarapha valaNe thayAM che, tyAre tyAre hiMdustAnanA rAjyakoSa upara tenI asara jaNAyA vinA rahI nathI. uparanA AMkaDA kornavolisa ane bAleMthI-benTika ane meTAphanA vakhata sudhInA vahivaTI sudhArAnI sAkSI pUre che. 1793 mAM jyAre lorDa kornavolise hiMdustAna choDayuM tyAre teNe 70 lAkhanI aMdara kharaca rAkhI paMdara lAkhano vadhAre rahe evI goThavaNa karI hatI. A tArIkhathI bAra varSanI aMdara mArvasa AMpha velInI yuddhaparAyaNa rAjyanItithI kharaca doDha karoDa sudhI pahoMcyuM hatuM; ane 20 lAkha uparAMta daravarSa nukazAnI AvatI hatI. A sthitithI adhiSThAtRsabhAne mAThuM lAgyuM hatuM. eka vepArI peDhInA niyaMtAne jyAM sudhI naphe maLe jAya tyAM sudhI hiMdustAnamAM laDAI cAle che ke zAntino samaya che te jovAnI jarUra na hatI; rAjyavahivaTa ke cAle che tene khyAla je nANAM temanA upara bIDAtAM te uparathI ja teo karI letA ane jyAre saravaiyAmAM naphAne badale nukazAnI jaNAI tyAre te kadI zAnti rAkhI zakatA nahi. veslInI yuddhaparAyaNanIti teone nApasaMda paDI kAraNa ke tenI nIti kharacALa hatI; ane te moTA adhikArIne temaNe hiMdustAnamAMthI beAbarU karIne pAcho bolAvI lIdhe. 1795 thI 1810 daramiyAnanAM paMdara varSamAM baMgALAmAM na hato, paNa madrAsa ane muMbaImAM nukazAna hatuM. acaLa AkAranI paddhatithI niyata ane ekasarakhI upaja ApavAthI baMgALAe briTiza prajAne hiMdanuM sAmrAjya sthApI ApavAnI taka ApI ema kahevuM e vadhArIne kahyuM ema gaNAze nahi. uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdustAnanI kharacALa laDAIonAM nANuM baMgALAe purAM pADyAM ane A varSomAM madrAsa ane muMbaImAMthI vahivaTa puratAM nANAM

Page #382
briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 371 paNa vasula thatAM nahi ane hiMdustAnanuM sAmrAjya saMpAdana karavAmAM greTazciTane eka aradhI paNa ApI nathI. le slInA sidhAvyA pachI pAchuM saravaiyuM sarabhara thavA mAMDayuM. ane 1813 ane 1814 nI vacamAM hiMdustAnanA zAntine cAlanArA kAryabhArIoe eka karoDa trIsa lAkhamAM kharaca lAvI mUkayuM; eTale varSe dahADe vIsathI cALIsa jeTalI purAMta batAvAI; tethI niyaMtAonA AtmAne karAra thaye. paNa vaLI makasa oNpha hesTiMgsanA yuddhaparAyaNa kArabhAramAM A purAMta pAchI adRzya thaI ane 1818 mAM jyAre chelluM marAThA yuddha purUM thayuM, tyAre vaLI pAchI nukazAnI jaNAI. paNa 1822 mAM vIsa lAkhanI purAMta batAvIne hesTiMgsa niyaMtAone kaMIka zAnta karyA. hajI sudhI muMbAI pitAnuM kharaca ApatuM nahatuM. dasa lAkhanI khoTa pezvAno mulaka khAlasA karyo pAMca varSa thayAM pachI paNa muMbaImAM jaNAtI; ane baMgALAmAM trIsa lAkhanI sIlaka rahetI. eTale zuddha satya parAyaNatAthI kahI zakAya ke velInA yudhdhothI mAMDIne mAkernesa hesTiMgsanA yudhdhanAM nANAM paNa acaLa AkAra vALA baMgALAmAMthI purAM paDatAM. le eharTanA brahmadezanA yudhe vaLI saravaiyuM pheravI nAMkhyuM ane 1824 thI 1827 sudhI pAchI kheTa jaNAI. A vakhate hiMdustAnanI upaja be karADa vIsa lAkha sudhI pahoMcI hatI, kAraNa ke sAmrAjyanI sImAmAM vadhAro thayo hato, ane jamInanI mahesula sakhtAIthI ugharAvAtI hatI. paNa e arasAmAM kharaca paNa eka karoDa upara trIsathI cALIsa lAkha sudhI pahoMcyuM hatuM. te pachI laoNrDa vilyama benTike dAkhala karelI zAnti karakasara ane sudhArAnI rAjyanItinA AzcaryakAraka pariNAmo jaNAyAM. rAjyakoSanA sudhAraka tarIke paNa benki hiMdustAna AvelA kAryabhArIomAM ananya che. hiMdustAnamAM rAjyakoSanA sudhArAno samAveza karakasaramAM ja thAya che, kara levAnA sAdhana zodhavAmAM nahi; kema ke tevAM sAdhano vidyamAna nathI. jamInanI vadhu

Page #383
372 prakaraNa 9 muM. nonamna paDatI mahesula sarvatra kamI karavAmAM AvI, ane 1825 thI 1931 daramiyAnanAM cha varSamAM 1 karoDa trIsa lAkha uparathI khasIne eka karoDa sADA agyAra lAkha sudhI utarI AvI. paNa kharacamAM karakasara karavAthI A khATa purI paDI gaI. 1828 mAM jyAre benki hiMdustAnamAM Avyo tyAre be karoDa cALIsa lAkha jeTaluM kharaca hatuM; jyAre teNe 1835 mAM hiMdustAna cheDayuM tyAre eka karoDa sATha lAkha jeTaluM kharaca thaI gayuM hatuM ane cALIsalAkha jeTalI purAMta paDI rahevA mAMDI hatI. hiMdustAnamAM A tarehanA kAryabhArIonI paraMparA AvI hatI te hiMdustAnane bahu sukha hatuM. paNa kharcamAM jeTalI karakasara karavAmAM Ave teTalA badhAnI IMglaMDanA uparanA varga upara avaLI asara thavA lAgI; ane kapanI sarakAranI nIcenA koI paNa gavarnara janaralanI nindA nathI thaI tevI lerDa vilyama beTinkanI niMdA thaI. hiMdustAnanA lekanAM hita sAcavavAmAM potAnA dezabaMdhu. ono kopa herI le e manuSyasvabhAvamAM nathI. rAjyanA atyAranA taMtramAM kharacamAM vadhAro karavAne hamezAM dabANa cAlu ja rahe che, paNa karakasara karavA tarapha kAMI paNa sUcanA thatI nathI. lairDa vilyama benTikanA vakhata pachI jAhera karaja kudakA mAratuM vadhyuM che; ane Ane mATe lekane pitAnA vahivaTamAM kAMI bhAga ApyA sivAya bIjuM kAMI ja upAya nathI. jyAre kharaca karU nAranA hAthamAM ja tamAma lagAma hoya che tyAre svAbhAvika rIte kharace vacce jAya che. jyAre kara bharanArAone kaMI hAtha hoya che, tyAre avazya kharaca upara kaMika aMkuza mUkAya che. A pramANe AkhI duniyAmAM niyama che, ane hiMdustAna apavAda nathI . upara kahevAI gayuM che ke hiMdustAnanI laDAIonAM tamAma kharca temaja vahivaTanAM kharaca paNa hiMdanI trijorImAMthI ja kADhavAmAM AvelAM che. ahIMA eTaluM noMdhavuM joIe ke A badhAM kharaca kADhatAM mahArANI

Page #384
briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 373 vikaToriyA gAdIe beThAM te tArIkhe pAchalAM veMtALIsa varSanA hisAbamAM saMgIna vadhAro dekhAya che. upara je AMkaDA ApavAmAM AvyA che te uparathI jaNAze ke cAda varSa khoTanAM hatAM to batrIsa varSa naphAnAM hatAM; ane jyAre kula boTa eka karoDa zItera lAkhanI hatI tyAre napho cAra karoDa nava lAkhano athavA lagabhaga pAMca karoDano hato eTale A che tALIsa varSamAM traNa karoDa be lAkhane napho thayo hato. paNa A dhana hiMdustAnamAM saMcita thayuM nahIM, temaja jalAzaya ke evAM bIjA sudhArAnAM kAma pAchaLa vaparAyuM paNa nahIM. paNa kampanInA bhAgIdArone vyAjamAM ApavA mATe varSovarSa iMglaMDane jamA tarIke ApavAmAM AvatuM. vaLI vizeSamAM hiMdustAnamAMthI je nA AvI rIte jatAM te A vyAja puratAM na hovAthI hiMdane hisAbe karaja thatAM; jenuM nAma hiMdustAnanuM jAhera karaja' ane te paNa hiMdanI raiyata upara ja bojo, kAraNa ke te karaja,"nuM vyAja temane ja ApavuM paDatuM. hiMdustAnanA duHkhada nANAM prakaraNa itihAsamAM A bInA duHkhadamAM duHkhada che. A vyAja karaja 1782 mAM zittera lAkhathI saheja vadhAre hatuM; 189 mAM eka karoDa sudhI pahoMcyuM; veslInA yudhdhone lIdhe 1805 mAM to be karoDa eka lAkha sudhI thaI gayuM, ane temAM 1807 sudhImAM vaLI cha lAkha umerAyA; ane 182 mAM traNa karoDa sudhI pahoMcyuM. lorDa vilyama benTinkanA bhalA rAjya vahivaTathI A karaja dhIme dhIme ochuM thatuM gayuM, ane 1836 mAM be karoDa sAta lAkha sudhI AvyuM hatuM. hiMda ane IMglaMDanI prajAo vacce je nyAyI goThavaNa hoya te hiMdustAne tamAma vahivaTI kharaca ApavuM joIe; ane iMgleMDe sAmrAjya sthApavAnuM-jenAthI pitAnI sattA ane vepArane ATalo lAbha thaze, ane je pitAnA chokarAone mATe rojagAranuM eka moTuM sAdhana che te sthApavAnuM -

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374 prakaraNa - muM. tamAma kharaca bharI ApavuM joIe. je hiMdamAM briTiza sAmrAjyanI sthApanAthI banne prajAone lAbha thaye che ema dhArIe te bannee kharacanA hisso Apavo joIe. hiMdustAne hiMdustAnamAM je vahivaTI kharaca thAya te tamAma ApavuM, ane iMglaDe IMglaMDamAM je nANAM ApavAM paDe che te ApavAM. paNa hiMdustAnamAM briTiza rAjayanI sthApanAnA kALathI ja juduM dhoraNa hAtha dharavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ane pariNAme hiMdustAnamAMthI satata apavAha cAlyAM karyo. jema jema varSo jatAM gayAM tema tema vadhavA mAMDe ane teNe ekavAra A bAdI bhogavatI udyamI ane zAntine cAhanArI prajAne nirdhana karI nAMkhI. A pariNAma te vakhate paNa vicArazIla aMgreja dIrdha daSTithI joI zakyA hatA. 1839mAM monTagemarimArTina lakhe che ke "briTiza hiMdustAnamAMthI A apavAha je atyAre 30 lAkha pAuMDa jeTaluM che te bAra TakAne cakravRddhi vyAje trIza varSamAM be karoDa ogaNacALIsa lAkha sattANuM hajAra navase sattara pAuMDa jeTale thAya; ane vyAjano dara halake gaNIe to paNa pacAsa varSamAM ATha aja cALIsa karoDa jeTalo thAya. A satata ane vadhato jato arthazeSa IgleMDa jevA dezane paNa pAyamAla karI nAkhe to hiMdustAna ke jyAM eka majuranI rojI be pensathI traNa pensa jeTalI ja che, tyAM tenI kevI asara thatI hovI joIe ? pacAsa varSa thayAM ApaNe varSovarSa vIsathI trIsa ane cALIsa lAkha sudhI hiMdustAnamAMthI ghasaDatA cAlIe chIe; ane te IglaMDamAM vepArInI khoTo pUrI pADavAmAM, karajanA vyAja tarike, IMgleMDanA hiMdanA khAtAnA adhikArIonA pagAra mATe, ane jemanAM jIvano hiMdustAnamAM gayAM che, temanA saMcayane iMglaMDanI bhUmimAM viniyoga karavA mATe AvI rItano Avo mATe satata zeSa, je kAMipaNa AkAramAM hiMdane pAcho maLato nathI tenI mAThI asarane pratikAra kare azakaya che."

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. A arthazeSanA saMbaMdhe je je lakhAyuM che te badhuM utAravA jatAM graMthonA graMtho bharAI jAya, eTale hiMdustAnane cAre khuNe amala bhagavanAra cAra prakhyAta kAryabhArIonA abhiprAye TAMkIne ApaNe saMtoSa mAnIzuM. pahelo ApaNe e. jena zerane abhiprAya laie. A puruSa ItihAsaprasiddha che. temaNe hiMdustAnanA saMbaMdhamAM eka pustaka lakhyuM che temAM pitAnA avalokano spaSTatAthI ane vistArathI noMdhyA che. lakhe che ke "huM A dezamAM Avyo tene sattara varSa thaI gayAM che. paNa huM Avyo te vakhate ane te pachI eka varSa huM kalakattAmAM rahyA te daramiyAna aMgrejonA mananI hiMdustAnamAM briTiza rAjyanI sthApanA karyAthI hiMdIo upara ApaNe moTo upakAra karyo che, te vAtanI zAnta, sukhI ane nizcita buddhi mAra jovAmAM AvI te mane barAbara yAda Ave che. te vakhate je dezI rAjyone utthApIne ApaNe ApaNuM sthApana karyuM, te dezI rAjyone mukAbale ApaNI zreSThatA; ApaNe je nyAyapaddhati dAkhala karI che tenI uttamatA; ApaNo viveka; lokanuM bhalu karavAnI ApaNI ciMtA; TuMkAmAM ApaNA dareka tarehanA saguNonI susthApita satya tarIke ja vAta thatI ane tenA virUddha koTi karavI e pApa jevuM manAtuM. koIkavAra dezanA aMdaranA bhAgamAM rahenArA koIka pAsethI judo hevAla sAMbhaLavAmAM Avato; paNa evI vAta AvavAnI sAthe je tephAna uThatuM te jotAM atyaMta chAtIdArane paNa e kahetAM pAchA haThavuM paDatuM. AthI briTiza inDiyana rAjyapaddhatinAM dhAraNa ane rItarIvAjanI tapAsa karavAnI mane IcchA thaI AvI. ane jema huM AmAM AgaLa vadhato tema tema ApaNI sarakAra tarapha ane ApaNuM potAnA tarapha lekanI

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306 prakaraNa 9 mu. lAgaNI zI che te samajavAmAM mane kai muzkelI jaNAi nAMhe. mane je jaNAyuM tethI khIjI rItanuM heta to kharekhara mane Azcarya thAta. aMgrejane mukhya si dhAnta Ake dareka rIte hiMdI prajAne potAnA svArthane tAbe karavI, ane potAne lAbha thAya tevI rIte temane rAkhavI. temanA upara hada uparAMta kara nAkhavAmAM AvyA che; jema jema prAntA ApaNA hAthamAM AvatA gayA tema tema vadhArene vadhAre nANAM levAnAM te kSetre banyAM che; ane dezI rAjyAdhikArIe je nANAM laI zakatAM tenA karatAM ApaNe keTalAM vadhAre levA zaktimAna thayA chIe evu ApaNe hamezAM gumAna karIe chIe. dezIne nathI mAna, nathI adhikAra ane halakAmAM halakA iMgrejone khape tevI eka jagyA paNa nathI." khIje sthaLe arthazASanA sabaMdhamAM khelatAM zAra lakhe che ke " hiMdustAnane caDhatInA dahADA bharAi rahyA che. tenA dhananA ghaNA bhAgane zeSa thai gayA che; ane thADAnA lAbhane mATe lAkhAnA bhalAne bhega ApanAra durvyavasthAthI temane utsAha paNa DhIMgarAi gayeA che. jana sulivAna 1804 mAM inDiyAmAM AvelA ane 1841 sudhI rahyA hatA. te daramiyAna temaNe spaisUranA resiDanTaneA, kAmayuranA kalekTa rA, madrAsa ravinyu sabhAnA sadasyane, ane madrAsanA maMtrI maMDaLanA sabhAsadaneA, evA jokhamadArInA hAdAe bhogavyA hatA. kampanIne paTe tAjo karavA vakhate temanI juththAnI thai hatI; ane lokone uMcI nekarImAMthI khAtala karavAnI bAbatamAM te lAgaNIthI nIce pramANe khelyA hatA. sa0 503 briTiza sarakAra sAthenA saMbaMdhamAM dezIone zAM zAM nuka sAna jaNAya che ? ja. vizvAsa ane meTA pagAranI tamAma jagAemAMthI ane dezI rAjAenA vakhatamAM havaTI ane lazkarI khAtAmAM je meTA hAdA temane maLatA te badhAmAMthI temane bAtala karavAmAM AvyA che.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 377 sa, 509 je rAjyapaddhati briTiza sarakAre dAkhala karI che tenA phAyadA, e A moTI jagAo jene mATe teo prathama hakadAra gaNAtA temAMthI temane bAtala karavAmAM AvyA, tene, purata badalo nathI ? ja huM ema kahI zakuM chuM ke AvI rIte jyAM temane bAtala karavAmAM AvyA hoya tyAM badalAnuM kAma koI paNa vastu sArI zake nahi. " Aja sAkSInI vIsa varSa pachI 1853 mAM pharIthI jubAnI levAmAM AvI hatI. ane A vakhate temaNe vadhAre bhAra daIne jubAnI ApI hatI. sa0 4866 tame ema dhAre che ke temanAmAM evI karNa paraMparA cAle che ke prathama dezI rAjyAdhikAra nIce jyAre teo hatA tyAre temanI Arthika sthiti atyAra karatAM sArI hatI ? ja huM dhAruM chuM ke, sAmAnya rIte belatAM, A vAta itihAsa ja kahe che. itihAsa kahe che te pramANe cheka junA vakhatathI teo haTI AbAdI bhogavatA hatA. 4869 sara teo atyAranA karatAM vadhAre paise nirarthaka kharacatA hatA ane atyAranA karatAM yuddhamAM temanAM vadhAre mANaso mAryA jatAM hatAM, chatAM temanI laDAIo paramulakanI chata karavAnI nahi paNa potAnA dezamAMja thatI e vAta dhyAnamAM letAM, teo atyAre che tenAM karatAM vadhAre sArI Arthika sthiti bhogavatA hatA, ane Dero, kuvA ane taLAva pAchaLa nANAM kharacavAnI temanAmAM zakita hatI tene tame zuM khulAse Apa cho? ja ApaNuM vahivaTamAM eka kharacanuM moTuM khAtuM che jemAMthI teo mukta hatA. te khAtuM te ApaNuM repiyananuM tatva; je vahivaTI temaja lazkarI khAtAmAM upajane moTo bhAga gaLI jAya che te. te kAraNathI ApaNe vahivaTa vadhAre kharcALa che. ane teja moTuM kAraNa che.

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378 prakaraNa 9muM. jyAre tene pUchavAmAM AvyuM hiMdanA sAmrAjyano lazkarI kAbu briTizanA hAthamAM rAkhIne bAkInI badhI bAbatamAM tamAma mulaka dezI rAjAone soMpI devAnuM tame gya dhAra? e savAla jyAre tene pUchavAmAM Avyo. tyAre nyAya purasara javAba ApatAM temaNe AMcako khAdho nahi. 4890 sa insAphanA karavAnA hetu mATe tame ghaNekharo mulaka dezI rAjyAdhikArIone pAcho soMpI de ? ja hA. kAraNa ke ghaNekhare mulaka vAjabI hakaka vagara mAtra balAtkArathI ja ApaNe kabaje karyo che. huM insApha karavAne mATe temaja Arthika hetu mATe te mulaka pAchI soMpI dauM." na sulivAnanA samakAlInemAMnA keIe emanA jevo abhiprAya Apyo na hato. paNa ghaNAkharA hiMdustAnanA lekene rAjya vyavahAramAMthI tadana bAtala karavAmAM thato gera InsApha barAbara samajatA hatA. halTa mekenjhI-jemanA kAmanI noMdha uttara hiMdustAnamAM jamAbandInA prakaraNamAM ApaNe lIdhI che temaNe 1830nA nivedanapatramAM nIce pramANe lakhyuM che. (A lekha 1833nI silekaTa kamiTinA nivedanapatramAM sAmIla karavAmAM AvI che ). paragaju mANase paNa dezIonA upara tiraskAranI najarathI juve che, kAraNa ke jagata nirmAyuM tyArathI te Aja sudhI vahivaTI bAbatamAM AvI ApakhudIne dAkhalo hajI sudhI maLyo nathI. ApaNA rAjyane ApaNe bhale divAnI athavA vahivaTI kahIe paNa vAstavika rIte tenuM baMdhAraNa lazkarIdera upara ja che. lazkarI bAbatomAM te hajI sipAInI jarUra paDe che, paNa rAjya vyavahAramAM lekIne taddana bAtala karavAmAM AvyA che. Aja dhAraNa dareka kAmakAjamAM cAlyuM Ave che; cheka kAyadA bAMdhavAnI sattAthI te adhikAranI halakAmAM halakI jagA upara nImaNuka karavA sudhI.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika RtihAsa. sarakArI amaladArane lAkanA kAmakAjanI jhINI jhINI bAbatamAM vacamAM paDavAnI jarUra paDe tevI paddhati ApaNe ekavAra rAkhIe te pachI koipaNa kAyadA lAkane kanaDagata ane kharacamAMthI bacAvI zake nahIM. chatAM kamanasIbe ApaNe virUddha dheAraNe ja kAma lIdhuM che, ane lagabhaga dareka vastumAM ApaNe vacamAM paDIe chIe; lokAbhimata sa MsthAe jyAM che tyAM tenI bedarakArI karIe chIe, ane jyAM jarUrI che tyAM navI sthApavAnI paravA rAkhatA nathI." 309 paNa sahuthI vadhAre vajanadAra purAvA sarajjaina mAlkamanA che. A mAkas te teja ke jenuM nAma manA ane elphinsTananI sAthe hiMdanuM sAmrAjya sthA panAra tarIke jANItuM che. A gRhastha egaNIsamI sadInA pahelA bhAgamAM thai gayelA amaladArAmAM sAthI vadhAre samartha ane mAyALu amaladAra hatA. e marAThA yudhdhAmAM hiMmatathI phatehamada thaine te prakhyAti pAmyA hatA; ane vinaya ane mAyALupaNAthI hiMdI lazkara ane raiyataneA prema saMpAdana karavA te zaktivAna thayA hatA. ane e rIte pacIsa varSa sudhI neApharI karyAM pachI ensTinanI jagAe 1827 mAM muMbainA gavarnara tarIke nImAyeA hateA. eTale jyAre 1832 mAM divAne-AmanI kamiTi AgaLa tenI jubAnI thai tyAre briTiza chatra nIce rahetA. hiMdI raiyatanA saMbaMdhamAM teNe je jJAna ane prAmANikapaNAthI jubAnI ApI hatI te jJAna ane prAmANikatAmAM te vakhate ke mAM bIjA thADA sarakhAi dharAvatA haze, sarasAi tA kAIja karI zakyuM nathI. 278 tamArA abhiprAya pramANe pUrvanI dezIrAjAnI geravyavasthAne ThekANe ApaNe amala dAkhala thayAthI kheDuta ane vepArI vargane phAyado thayelA ke nahi ? ja. A savAlane uttara huM hiMdustAnanA dareka prAntane mATe ApI zakuM tema nathI. paNa mArA anubhava yAMnA che tenA sa MbaMdhamAM ApIza. huM

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380 prakaraNa 9 muM. nathI dhArato ke te pheraphArathI dezI rajavADAonI raiyatane, vepArI, zAhukAra ke kheDutane, keAIne, phAyado thayo hoya, ke thaI zake; vakhate te sivAya bIjAne thayo hoya. jyAre 1803 mAM nAmadAra (hAlanA) kuMka opha veliMgaTananI sAthe dakSiNa mahArASTramAM gaye hatA tyAre khetImAM ane khetInI upajamAM ke vepAranA dhanamAM mane e deza je samRddha lAgyo hato, tevo samRddha deza huM pharI joI zakyo nathI. vizeSa karIne kRSNa nadInA kinArA uparanA deze pezvAInI rAjadhAnInuM zahera pUnA-te bahu dhanavAna ane AbAda vepAravaNajanuM zahera hatuM, ane dakSiNa jevA sukA dezamAM jeTalI khetI hoI zake teTalI khetI tyAM jovAmAM AvatI hatI. mALavAnA saMbaMdhamAM paNa mane mAhitI che, kAraNa ke te dezano kabaje karavAnuM ane tyAMno divAnI lazkarI ane rAjya prakaraNI vahivaTa calAvavAnuM mane soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM eTale sarakArI daphatara vagere mAhitInAM bIjAM sAdhane mane upalabdha hatAM. meM jyAre adhikAra dhAraNa karyo tyAre mArA manamAM evI saMpUrNa khAtrI hatI ke ahIM to sarve vepArathI ajJAna ja haze ane AMTanuM nAma paNa nahi hoya; paNa jyAre meM joyuM ke ujajana ane bIjA zahero ke jyAM AbarUdAra zAhukAro ane zarAphe vepAra calAvatA hatA temanI sAthe rajaputAnA buMdelakhaMDa hiMdustAna (uttara) ane gujarAtanA vipArIo dhamadhekAra vepAra calAvatA; ane AkhA pradezamAM mAlanI Ava jA emane ema cAlatI eTaluM ja nahi paNa vImAvALAoe A bhayanA kAra thI dara bahu caDAvI dIdhA hatA to paNa temAMnA koIe vImAnAM nANAM ApavAM baMdha karyA na hatAM. ( hiMdustAnanA A AkhA bhAgamAM vImA suddhAMtanI goThavaNa che e vAta paNa noMdhavA jevI che.) huM nathI dhArato ke e pradezamAM, ApaNa pratyakSa amalathI-pUrvanA rAjA rajavADAonA vakhata karatAM, vepAra vANijyanA ane khetInA saMbaMdhamAM ApaNe kAMI paNa vadhAro karI zakIe.

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 381 dakSiNa mahArASTranA saMbaMdhamAM mAre kahevuM joIe ke paTavaradhana ane bIjA keTalAMka kuTuMbanA hAthamAM je mulaka che temAM khetI ane vepAranI je AbAdI che tevI meM bIje koi ThekANe joI nathI. AnuM kAraNa vahivaTanI paddhati che ema huM mAnuM chuM; A paddhatimAM jo ke keTalIka vakhate nANuM kaDhAvavAmAM AvatAM haze paNa te ghaNe bhAge mAyALuM ane vatsalatA vALI che. bIjA kAraNe mane e lAge che ke pheraphAra bahu ochA thAya che. khetInA kAmamAM hiMdu pUrNa jJAna dharAve che eTaluja nahi paNa tenI pAchaLa teo tanamanathI lAgelA che; vahivaTI kAmanI ane khAsa karIne ujajaDa thaI gayelAM gAmaDAM ane zaherone AbAda karavAmAM tenI samajaNa ApaNA karatAM vadhAre sArI che, ane vyAvahArika kuzaLatA te vadhAre che ja, paisAdAra mANasane uttejana apAya che ane muDIne upayoga thAya che; jAgIradAre pitAnI jAgIromAM ja rahe che; ane sAmAnya rIte tamAma vahivaTa ijata AbarU vALA adhikArIo calAve che, je pitAtAnA adhikAranA sthaLomAM jIve tyAM sudhI rahe che, ane jemanI pAchaLa te adhikAra temanA putra athavA najIkanA sagAMone ja maLe che. A leko kaIvAra marajI mujaba paisA kaDhAvatA haze te paNa temanA tamAma kharaca ane tamAma upaja teja mulakamAM rahe che. paNa AbAdInuM sahuthI vadhAre saMgIna kAraNa je mane mAluma paDayuM che te e che ke gAMmaDAone tema ja bIjI badhI vartamAna saMsthAone pUrNa adhikAra ApavAmAM Ave che, ane ApaNI paddhatithI jeno saMbhava ja nathI evI rIte tamAma varganI raiyatane rojagAra maLe che." . A rIte UcI nokarImAMthI lekane bAtala karavAmAM Ave che te ane varSovarSa moTI rakama hiMdustAnanI bahAra ghasaDAI jAya che, te be darada sara jona mAlkama ane bIjA sAkSIoe silekTa kamiTi rUbarU raju karyA hatAM. upAya bizapa hIbare prathama batAvyuM hatuM. te eja ke dezIone vadhAre

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382 prakaraNa 9 mu. saMkhyAmAM peAtAnA dezanA rvAhavaTamAM rojI ApavI; ane hiMdustAnanI sarve upaja hiMdustAnamAM ja kharcavI. pahelI bAbatamAM manrA, elphinsTana ane enTinyuM kaMika nivAraNa karyu hatu ane 1833 mAM kampanIne pA tAjI karatI vakhate briTiza pArlamenTe eka kalama evI umerI ke jethI nAta jAta ane dharmanA bhedane bAju upara mUkI hiMdustAnanI samasta raiyatane samasta adhikArane mATe yogya TharAvI; paN mIjI bAbatamAM pArlamenTe kaMi paNa nivAraNa karyuM nathI eTaluM ja nahi paNa 1834 thI temaNe kampanIne vepAra baMdha karyAM chatAM upara kahyuM che te pramANe sADA dasa TakA vyAja hiMdustAnanI triorImAMthI kampanInI muDI upara kampanIne ApavAneA TharAva karyo che. A hiMdustAnane eka gerainsA hatA; ane te sAme eka bIjA IMgreje jyAre 1858 mAM kampanInA hAthamAMthI tAjatA hAthamAM hiMdustAnanI mAlakI gai tyAre majabUta vAMdhA uThAvyA hatA. uparanA prakaraNamAM ApaNe joi gayA chIe ke sarajAna vigere mubainI jamAadhInA kAmamAM nAmanA meLavI hatI. temane khATI paddhati pramANe kAma karavAnuM hatuM, paNa mAyALupaNAthI ane vivekathI kAma laine temaNe te khATI patine paNa saphaLa banAvI hatI. trIsa varSa sudhI hiMdustAnanA lAkAmAM henata karI temaNe uparAma lIdhA hate; tene hiMdanA kAmakAjanI pUrI ane pAkI vAkephagArI hatI; te sarakAranAM mAna akarAma pAmyA hatA, ane muMbainI mhesula paddhatinA pitA tarIke temanI nAmanA thai hatI. paNa hiMdustAna ane iMglAMDa vaccenAM nANAM prakaraNI saMbadhathI temane ciMtA ane duHkha utpanna thayAM hatAM; ane jyAre hiMdustAnane vahivaTa kampanInA hAthamAMthI tAjanA amalamAM gayA tyAre temaNe te vakhate je navI gAThavaNu karavAmAM Ave temAM hiMdustAnane vadhAre insA karavA potAnA svadezI jatene vinati karI hatI. teoe lakhyuMche ke,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItihAsa. 383 tyAre je ApaNe hiMdustAna upara mAtra dezIone mATe nahi paNa ApaNuM pitAnA svArtha sArU paNa rAjya karyuM che ane karIe chIe, te tenA rAjya vahivaTanA kharcamAM kaMI bhAga ApaNe na ApIe te paramezvara ane mAnava jAtinI najaramAM ApaNe ThapakAne pAtra chIe. je briTiza svArthonI gaNatarIthI ApaNuM hiMda saMbaMdhI rAjyanIti ghaDAI hoya tenA pramANamAM ApaNe ApaNe vAjabI hisso nyAyanI rIte Apa joIe. paNa A hisso ApaNe kadI ApyuM nathI, ane atyAre ghaNA varSathI caDhaye jatuM eka moTuM karaja ApaNA sAmuM ekaThuM thayuM che. iMglAMDa sattAdhIza che, hiMdustAna tene page paDayuM che, ane sabaLA pAse nabaLAnuM kaMI jora cAle nahi e svabhAvika che. hiMdustAnane je jamA ApavI paDe che tenI Arthika asara upara vicAra karIe te te atyaMta vAMdhA bharelI che ema tarata samajAze. je dezamAMthI kara levAmAM Ave te dezamAMja te karo upayoga thAya e eka judI vAta che, ane te karane bIjA dezamAM upayoga thAya e juduM che. pahelA prasaMgamAM loko pAse ugharAvelAM nANAM sarakAranI nokarInA mANasonA hAthamAM jAya che, ane temanA kharaca khuTaNa dvArA te nANAM pAchAM ugI prajAnA hAthamAM Ave che. temAM mAtra mAlikIne pheraphAra thAya che, paNa samagratAe prajAne geralAbha nathI; ane tethI, sudhArAmAM AgaLa vadhelA deze ke jyAM yAMtrika yojanAo ane kudaratanI zakitaonA vivekI upayogathI dravyatpAdaka zakitamAM ghaNo vadhAro thayela che tyAM loka upara bhUja bojAthI karanI ghaNI moTI rakama pedA karI zakAya che. paNa jyAM je dezamAMthI kara levAmAM AvyA hoya te deza sivAya bIjA dezamAM te karatAM nANAM kharcAtAM hoya tyAM te jude ja prasaMga che. tyAM agADI eka varganI raiyata pAsethI raiyatanA bIjA varga pAse nANuM jAya che ema nathI, paNa kara ApanAra dezamAMthI keTaluM nANuM kevaLa

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384 prakaraNa 9 muM. adazya thAya che, eTale te dezane teTalu nuksAna ja che. samagra prajAnI dratpAdananI zakita upara AnI zI asara thAya che teno vicAra karIe to emAM ane e tamAma nANa darIAmAM nAkhI devAmAM Ave te bemAM kaMI ja phera nathI kAraNa ke e nANuno kaMI paNa aMza mULa dezamAM koI paNa AkAramAM pAcho AvavAno nathI. hiMdustAnamAMthI ApaNe je jamA ATalA lAMbA kALathI letA AvyA chIe tenuM A svarUpa che. A jamA insAphanA tAjavAmAM taLatAM, ke ApaNuM svArthanA daSTi biMduthI tapAsatAM, mAnava hitanI svabhAvika akalanI ane arthazAstranA susthApita sidhdhAntanI virUddha jaNAze. tethI hiMdI sarakArane mATe ApaNe ahIMA je kAMI kharaca karavAnuM hoya te igleMDanI bAdazAhI trijorImAMthI ApavAnI goThavaNa karavI emAM DahApaNa samAyeluM che. A kharaca ATalA prakAranuM che (1) isTa inDiyAnI muDInuM vyAja. (2) IglaMDamAM thayelA karajanuM vyAja. 3) hiMdI sarakAra saMbaMdhI kAmakAja karavA mATe iMgla. DamAM je adhikArIo ane temanA hAtha nIce mANaso rAkhavA paDe tenuM temaja makAna vagerenuM kharaca (4) hiMdustAnanA lazkarI ane vahivaTI adhikArIo ahIM rajA upara heya tyAre athavA uparAma laIne Ave te vakhate temane pagAra bhaththu vagere ApavuM paDe te (5) hiMdustAnamAM nokarI upara gayelA briTiza sainikone mATe iMglaMDamAM jene kharca karavuM paDe te tamAma ane (6) briTiza lazkarane hiMdustAnathI lAvavA laI javAmAM je kharaca thAya tenA amuka hI. je inDiA uparathI A krUra bojo ocho thAya ane hiMdustAnanI vita pAsethI je kara levAya te badhA te dezamAM ja kharacavAmAM Ave to te dezanI upajamAM evI sthitisthApakatA Ave ke jene ApaNane atyAre khyAla paNa AvI zake nahIM,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika ItikA paNa A vinaMti niSphaLa nIvaDI. A "kharaca "je mahArANI vikaTa. riyA gAdI upara beThAM te vakhate trIsa lAkha jeTaluM hatuM, te teo saddagata thayAM tyAre eka karoDa 7 lAkha sudhI vadhI gayuM hatuM. A arthazeSa dunIAmAMnA AbAdamAM AbAda dezane paNa pAyamAla karavA samartha che; teNe hiMdustAnane eka duSkALanI bhUmi banAvI mUkI che, jyAM, jevA vAraMvAra dukALa Ave che, jevA vistAramAM Ave che, ane jevA hAnikAraka Ave che tevA duSkALa hiMdustAnanA pUrvanA ItihAsamAM athavA jagatunA itihAsamAM ajJAta che. prakaraNa 10 muM. mahArANI vikaTeriyAnuM rAjyArohaNa, 1833 mAM kapanIno paTa tAjo karavA bAbata je kAyado thayo temAMnA nANAM saMbaMdhI TharAva upara AvI gayA, paNa te sivAya bIjI paNa keTalIka goThavaNo temAM thayelI tenA upara have AvIe. 18 02 ane 1803 mAM le velInAM uttara hiMdustAnanAM yudha ane mula khAlasA karavAnI nItithI baMgALAnI sarahadamAM moTo vadhAro thayo hato. uttara hiMdustAnanA mulakano have judo prAnta banAvyo. A vakhatathI traNane badale cAra mukhya ilAkAomAM hiMdustAna vaheMcAyuM ane teja kAra thI chelA prakaraNamAM je kASTaka ApavAmAM AvyAM che temAM traNane badale cAra pAnto A tArIkhathI batAvavAmAM AvyA che. mI. vorana hesTiMgsanA vakhatathI gavarnara janaralanI "baMgALAnA gavarnara 25

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346 prakaraNa 10 muM. janarala" e padavI hatI; ane tene bIjA prAto para dekharekha rAkhavAne adhikAra hatA. 1834 mAM A adhikArIne "hiMdustAnanA gavarnara janarala" e padavI maLI eTale lorDa vilyama benTinka hiMdustAnano pahelo gavarnara janarala thaye. atyAra sudhI dareka ilAkAomAM potapotAnA baMdobasta sArU judAjudA kAyadA thatA. have hiMdustAnanA gavarnara janaralane AkhA hiMdustAnane lAgu paDe tevA kAyadA pasAra karavAnI sattA ApavAmAM AvI. gavarnara janaralanA maMtrImaMDaLamAM atyAra sudhI cAra sabhAsado hatA temAM have eka umerIne pAMca karyA; ane A pAMcamA sabhAsadane vyavahAra (legal) maMtrI e saMjJA ApavAmAM AvI ane hiMdustAnanA pahelA vyavahAramaMtrI tarIke mekolene nImyA. vaLI gavarnara janaralane hiMdustAna mATe kAyadA ghaDavA sArU khAsa adhikArIo nImavAnI sattA ApavAmAM AvI. ane A adhikAravALI sabhAnA pramukha tarike kolee pInala koDa ghaDaze, jene prakhyAta mudde vIsa varSa pachI kAyado thayo. vaLI yuropiyanene hiMdustAnamAM vasavATa na karavA devAnA tamAma aMkuzo dUra karyA. kalakattAnA dharmAdhyakSanI jUnI jagAnA jevI bIjI be jagAo navI kahADI ane kampanInA niyaMtAoe pasaMda karelA hiMdanI sivila saravIsanA umedavArone keLavaNI levA sArU heIlibarImAM eka koleja sthApI. sane 1884 nA piTTanA prabaMdhe sarakArI adhikArIonuM je maMDaLa kapanInA vahivaTa upara dekharekha rAkhavA sArU nImyuM hatuM te - kAyama rAkhyuM. kampanInA vadhAremAM vadhAre samartha nokarone paNa lekenI sahAyatA vinA rAjya vahivaTa gya rIte calAvavAnuM azakya jaNAtuM hatuM, ane mane eliphansTana ane bekiTake upara jaNAvAI gayuM che te pramANe nyAyakhAtAmAM keTalIka javAbadArIvALI jagAo upara dezIone dAkhala karyA hatA. A

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briTiza hiM'dustAnanA Arthika itihrAsa. 327 uddAra nItinA A kAyadAnI eka kalamamAM sabaLa rIte udyASa karyAM, je nIce pramANe teH-- " ane evA kAyadA karIe chIe ke upara lakhelA mulakanA koI vatanI, athavA janmathI ja mahArAjAdhirAjanI raiyata thayelA te mulakamAM rahenAra, koIpaNa, mAtra dharma, janmasthaLa, kula, varNa ke emAMnA koi eka kAraNathI kampanInA tAbAmAM koI paNa jagA adhikAra athavA rAjagArI meLavavA mATe nAlAyaka gaNAze nahiM. A kAyado pasAra thayA te vakhata mekAle hAusa A kAmansamAM hatA; ane A kalama upara tenuM prakhyAta bhASaNa dhaNIvAra pramANa tarIke uccA ravAmAM AveluM che te paNa vaLI ekavAra ApaNe yAda karIe. paraMtu A prabaMdhane eka bhAga evA che ke jenA saMbadhamAM khIje ThekANe je vyApAra cAlI rahyA che tene laine e zabda mAlavAnA mArA vegane aTakAvavAne huM asamartha chuM. je kalama upara huM ApanuM dhyAna kheMcavA mAgu chu te e DAhI, parahitecchu, ane amIrI kalama che, jemAM ApaNe evA TharAva karyo che ke ApaNA bhArata sAmrAjyane kASTha vatanI tenA varNa, kula ke dharma mAtranA kAraNathI adhikAra meLavavAne nAlAyaka gaNAze nahi. svArthI hRdaya ane sAMkaDA sanavALA manuSyAne je nAma bahu apamAnakAraka lAge che tevu - vedIe ' evuM nAma paDavAnuM jokhama veThIne paNa huM kahuM chuM ane mAre kahyA vinA cAle ema nathI ke mArA janma paryanta A kAyado ghaDavAmAM huM sAmela hatA e vAtanuM mane abhimAna raheze. " "< bayare kahyu che ke, hiMdustAnamAM keTalAka julamI rAjAne evI Teva hatI ke jyAre peAtAnI raiyatamAMnA kAi meTA ane prakhyAta mANasanI zakti

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388 prakaraNa 10 muM. mannammann, ane tejano emane Dara lAge chatAM temane mArI nAMkhI zake nahi, tyAre teno hamezAM "pusta" e nAmanI aphINanI eka davA Ape,jenI asara evI thAya ke cheDA mahInAmAM e bIcArAnI tamAma zArIrika ane mAnasika zakita naSTa thaI jAya ane te pote eka lAcAra ghelA jevo thai rahe. A dhi kAravA lAyaka yukitanI sthitimAM eka AkhI prajAne mukatAM ApaNe AnAkAnI na karIe te. ApaNI ravataMtratA ane sudhAro kAMI ja kAmanAM nathI. ApaNe hiMdustAnanA lekIne ApaNA tAbAmAM rAkhI zakIe teTalA mATe zuM temane ajJAna rAkhIzuM ? athavA ApaNe ema mAnIe chIe ke emane jJAna ApyA chatAM temanAmAM adhikAra lebha jAgrata nahi thAya ? athavA ApaNe tevI rIte adhikAra lebhA jAgrata karIne tene mATe kaMI mArga nahIM karI ApIe ? AmAMnA koI paNa praznano uttara "ha kAramAM koNa ApI zakaze ? chatAM je loko hamezane mATe tyAMnA vatanIone UMcA adhikAramAMthI bAtala rAkhavAne mAge che temane AmAMnA ekAda praznano javAba hakAramAM ApyA vinA cAle tema nathI. mane koI paNa prakArano bhaya nathI. dharmane mArga ApaNI AgaLa spaSTa che ane teja DahApaNane mArga che, ApaNI prajAnI samRddhine ane ApaNuM prajAnI pratiSThAne paNa mArga che. ApaNA bhArata sAmrAjyanuM bhaviSya ghADha aMdhakAramAM vIMTAyeluM che. rAjakIya sRSTimAM navA prakAranA prasaMge rUpa, jenA sarakhuM itihAsamAM bIjuM eka sAmrAjya hajI sudhI thayuM nathI, tenuM bhaviSya zuM thaze tene tarka karo azakya che. enA adayanA niyame ajJAta che. ema paNa bane ke hiMdustAnanA jana maMDaLanuM AMtara jIvana ApaNI rAjya paddhati nIce vRddhi pAmatAM pAmatAM eTale sudhI vadhe ke pachI tene mATe ApaNI paddhati ayogya thaI jAya; temanA upara saddarAjya karyAthI ApaNe temane vadhAre sArA rAjyataMtrane mATe keLavI zakIe; temane yuropiyana jJAna ApyAthI temanAmAM bhaviSyamAM yuropiyana samAja saMsthAonI mAgaNIo karavAnI icchA thAya.

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briTiza dvi`dustAnanA Arthika pratidrAsa 389 AveA divasa kAi divasa Avaze ke nahi te hu' jANatA nathI. paNa evA divasane pAche vALavA ke vilakhita karavAno yatna huM kadI karavAneA nathI. e jyAre Avaze tyAre IMgleDanA itihAsamAM mhoTAmAM mhoTA divasa gaNAze. gulAmagirI ane vheMmanA UMDAmAM UMDA khADAmAM paDelI eka prajA upara evI rIte rAjya karavuM ke nAgarika tarIkenA hakakane mATe temane icchA thAya ane te hu bhogavavA teeA lAyaka thAya, evuM bane te te nirviroSa kannu kAraNa thaze. ApaNA hAthamAMthI kadAca rAjadaDa jatA rahe; rAjya nItinI gaMbhIra yAjanAe aNudhAryAM kAraNeAne lIdhe astavyasta thai jAya; ApaNAM AyudhAne hamezAM yaza na maLe; e badhuM bane; paNa keTalAMka evAM parAkrameA che ke jenA pachI kASTha viparIta prasaMga AvavA saMbhave ja nahi. eka evu sAmrAjya che ke jene kSayanAM kudaratI kAraNeA sparza karI zakatAM nathI. te sAmrAjya te ApaNI kalAonuM, ApaNA nIti siddhAntanuM, ApaNA sAhityanu ane ApaNA kAyadAonuM akSaya sAmrAjya che.' mekAlenI rIta pramANe uparanA bhASaNamAM raMga gherA pUrelA che. jyAre hRda bahAranI AkarI bhASA vaparAya che, tyAre ApaNe emaja mAnavuM joIe ke IMgrejonAmAM peAtAnA deza bahAranI prajAenAM sapattio ane rItarIvAjonI pUratI tulanAzakti nathI ane mekalA e khAmIne lIdhe ja meghalene niMdApAtra julamagAra kahe che, ane brAhmaNa varganI gulAmaMgarI ane vhemanA uMDAmAM uMDA gartanI vAtA kare che. tApaNu upara mekAlee je UcI rAjyanItinI himAyata karI che, teja rAjyanIti 1833 mAM IMgla MDanI rAjyanIti hatI; ane e ja rAjyanIti hiMdustAnamAM dAkhala karavAnI ane amalamAM mUkavAnI jaMgregnene icchA hatI. te vakhatanA IMgrejone ekalahaththA adhikAra ane ataDApaNuM gamatuM na hatuM. jemaNe pAte lokAnA pratinidhie mokalavAnA adhikAramAM DumaNAM ja vistAra

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* 380 prakaraNa 10 ma. karyo hato temane eka AkhI prajAne UMcA adhikAramAMthI bAtala karavAnuM gamatuM na hatuM; eka tAbAnI prajAnI sAthe paNa nyAyathI vartavuM e samagra sAcA sudhArakono temaja briTiza TApuonI vastino vicAra hata; ane upara je kalama ApaNe TAMkI che te te vakhatanA jIvanatatvanuM ja pariNAma hatuM, hiMdustAnane mATe briTiza prajAnI ISTa nItinuM dRzya svarUpa hatuM. ' te pachInA zIra varSamAM teja DahApaNabharI ane udAra nIti ekasarakhI rIte cAlI hatI te hiMdustAna atyAre ghaNuM sukhI heta. je vastine rAjya vahivaTamAM yogya bhAga ApyA hatA te briTiza sAmrAjya Aja vadhAre ( jokapriya ane vadhAre phatehamaMda heta. ane hiMdustAnanI rAjakIya upajane meTo bhAga lekonA vepAra udyogane phalita karavA sArU pAcho lekomAM ja vaheMcAyo hata te lekenI Arthika sthiti paNa ghaNI sArI hota. paNa je dezamAM lokone kAMI haka nathI te dezamAM anyAdhikArane nAza pAmatAM vAra lAge che; ane A zIttera varSamAM mekole jene "DAhI, parahitecchuM ane amIrI" kalama kahe che tene vAstavika rIte bAju upara rAkhavAmAM AvI che. A kalama ghaDAyA pachI pacAsa varSe hiMdustAnanA eka hAisaroya lakhe che keH-uparano kAyade pasAra thatAnI sAtheja sarakAra tene paripUrNa karavAnuM bAju upara rAkhavAnI bhAre janAo karavA lAgI. A kAyade, je, keLavAcalA varganI vRddhinA upAya batAve che paNa jemanA vidyamAna varganI icchAone paripUrNa karavAnI jenAmAM zakti nathI, tene hamezA vadhatA jatA keLavAyelA varga gekhI rAkhyo che ne hRdayamAM jaDI rAkhyo che; te kAyadA pramANe kebineTe nokarone mATe beTI mukelI jagAmAMthI koI paNa jagA upara koI dezI dAkhala thayo to pachI te nokarInI UMcAmAM UMcI jagA upara javAnI AzA vAjabI niyamo pramANe rAkhavAne hakadAra thAya che. ApaNe badhA jANIe chIe ke A dave ane A AzA kadI paripUrNa thavAnAM nathI,

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 31 A prasaMgamAM eka temane niSedha karavAno ane bIjo temane chetaravAne e be mArge ApaNuM pAse hAjara hatA; e bemAMthI aju mArga ApaNe pasaMda kare che. iMglaMDanI tIvra parIkSAnI paddhati dezIone lAgu pADavI, ane parIkSAmAM besavAnI umaramAM hAlamAM ghaTADo karyo che te A kAyadAne nirarthaka karavAnI pAkI ane pAradarzaka yukitao mAtra ja che. ane huM A khAnagImAM lakhuM chuM eTale mane kahevAne mATe kAMI sakeca nathI ke atyAra sudhI te IMgleMDa ane hiMdI sarakAre "bolavuM kaMIka ne cAlavuM kaMika" e tahematane pAtra thavAne je joIe te karyuM che, ane tene saMtoSakAraka khulAso ApI zake tema nathI." 1837nA kAyadAnI je kalamanAM ATalI vAgmitAnI hAusa opha komansamAM vakhANa thayAM hatAM, ane je briTiza prajAe ATalI sabaLa rIte pasaMda karyo hato, te kalama nirarthaka thaze ema koinA dhAravAmAM te vakhate na hatuM. ethI ulaTuM te vakhate hiMdustAnamAM keLavaNI vadhAravI ane keLavAyelA vatanIone potAnA dezanI nokarImAM vadhate vadhate bhAga Ape evI sabaLa IcchA hatI. aMgrejonyAyI thavAnI IcchA rAkhatA hatA, ane bhAratIya prajAne manamAM nyAyI ane satyAcaraNavALA sAmAjyanA chatra nIce samuka ane svarAjyanI UMcI AzAo AnaMda sAthe utpanna thaI hatI. A bInA pachI cAra varSe mahArANI vikaTorIA gAdIe beThAM. A vakhate iMglaMDana hiMdustAnano rAjya tatra jevo lekAnurAgI ane leka hitecchu hatA, ane lekanAmAM te rAjya mATe evuM mAna ane jevI rAjyabhakita hatI tenA karatAM vadhAre bIjI koI kSaNe batAvI zakAya tema nathI. lerDa velI, hesTiMgsa ane lorDa e maherTe AdarelAM yuddha pUrAM thaI gayAM hatAM ane bhUmimAM zAti patharAI hatI. kAryabhAranA vahivaTanI bhUlo paNuM ghaNuMkharI sudharI gaI hatI. kene, potAnA dezanA kAryabhAramAM kaMIka bhAga

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302 prakaraNa 10 muM. ~~~ ~~ ~ ApavAmAM AvyuM hata; madrAsamAM mananA muMbAImAM eliphansTananA ane baMgALAmAM beTinkanA rAjyonAM zubhasmaraNo hajI lekanA manamAM tAjAM hatAM. hiMdustAnamAM aMgrejI keLavaNIno pracAra karavAno nizcaya thayo hate. uDAu kharaca kamI karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, ane bajeTamAM vadhAro dekhAyo hato. krUra ane julamI jamInanI mahesula ghaTADI nAMkhavAmAM AvI hatI, ane uttaramAM barDa ane muMbaImAM vigeTa lAMbA paTAnI vadhAre mAyALu jamAdI karavAmAM guMthAyA hatA. isTa inDiDyA kampanI vepAra karatI baMdha thaI ane havethI vahivaTane kAbu dharAvanAra tarIke ja rahI. briTiza pArlamenTa nAta jAta ke dharmanA taphAvata vinA lokone rAjyanI UMcAmAM UMcI nokarIomAM dAkhala karavAnuM vacana ApyuM hatuM; eka bALa mahArANI briTiza sAmrAjyanA siMhAsana upara ArUDha thayAM hatA; ane nArIjAtinI mAyALa uparIpaNAthI jevI AzAo pUrva taraphanA lokomAM utpanna thAya che tevI UcI AzAo hiMdustAnanA lokonA manamAM te banAve utpanna karI hatI. vaLI vahivaTI sudhArAmAM jema A samaya tejasvI hato temaja sAkSaravyApAramAM paNa tejasvI hate. sAhitya ja mananI je vizALatA utpana karI zake che te vizALatA mekelee hiMdustAnamAM dAkhala karI hatI. heresa hemena vilsana AraMbhamAM eka prakhyAta prAcyavidyAnipuNa paMDita hatA, ane pAchaLathI prasiddha itihAsakAra thayo. eliphansTana paNa eka vidvAna hato ane pitAno "hiMdustAnano itihAsa" prasiddha karavAnI taiyArImAM hato. brigsa pitAnuM "jamIna mahesula" uparanuM mahAna pustaka prasiddha karyuM hatuM, ane te pherIstAne nAmI tarajumo taiyAra karato hato. karnala ToDa je anurAgamAM lagabhaga rajapUta ja hato, teNe rAjasthAnane karipatakathAnA karatAM paNa vadhAre hRdayasparzI ane cittAkarSaka eka rajapUtano ItihAsa lakhyo. grAnTa Dapha marAThAnA skRtihAsanuM acaLa mUlyavALuM moTuM pustaka racatA hatA. A vakhate hiMdustAnamAM AvelA je sAhityaparAyaNatA ane sAkSaratA batAvI hatI tevI kadI

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briTiza hiMdustAnane Arthika itihAsa. 393 paNa batAvI nathI. je sAce kAnurAga A vakhate teo batAvatA te lekAnurAga kadI jovAmAM AvyuM nathI. 1831-32 nI pArlAmenTanI kamiTi rUbarU paDelI jubAnI vAMcIne ApaNane evuM lAgyA vinA raheja nahi ke te leke te vakhate hiMdustAnanA lokone mATe mAna dharAvatA ane temanA saddaguNa ane lAyakAtanI tulanA karI zakatA. ceplina kahe che ke sAmAnya rIte bhAratavAsIne zilasvarUpano mane sAro abhiprAya che. huM dhAruM chuM ke dunIAnA koIpaNa dezanA vatanIo sAthe mukAbalo karIzuM to paNa teo caDhI jaze. A eplina te che ke jenA muMbaI IlAkAnA mahesulI kAmakAjanuM nirIkSaNa ApaNe pUrvanA eka prakaraNamAM karyuM che. madrAsa sivila sarvisavALA jona sulivAnane evo prazna pUchavAmAM Avyo hato ke tame tamArA svadezIo upara jeTalo vizvAsa mUke, teTalo vizvAsa hiMdustAnanA vatanIo upara mUke ke nahi ? sulivAne javAba dIdhe ke "hA. je teonI sAthe ApaNe teTalI ja sArAIthI vartIe te." ane jemsa sadhanDa je kalakattAnA eka uttama paMkitanA baMgAla nAmanA vartamAnapatranA keTalAMka varSa sudhI taMtrI hatA temaNe keLavAyelA hiMdIo mATe kahyuM hatuM ke teo jagatamAM koI paNa manuSya jeTalAja vizvAsapAtra che.' loka upara vizvAsa rAkhavAnI A vRttithI lokanAM mana bahu saMtuSTa thayAM. hatAM. bhAratIya jana samAjanA agraNIo, hiMdustAnanA sAMsArika ane dhArmika sudhArake, kalakattAnI hiMdu kolejamAM keLavaNI pAmelA prakhyAta vidyArthIo; e sarvenA manamAM iMgliza sAhitya ane IMgliza vicArasaraNIne mATe tulanA thaI, ane briTiza janasamAjanA zIlasvarUpane mATe ane briTiza sAmrAjyane mATe uDe bhakitabhAva utpanna thayo. rAjA rAmamohanarAya, te yuganA sarvathI vadhAre tejasvI puruSa, brahma samAja sthA, ane te kAlanA sarva sAMsArika ane dhArmika sudhArAomAM madada karI; ane "satI ne kara rIvAja nAbuda kara

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prakaraNa 10 mu. vAmAM emaNe karelI niSThApUrvakanI madadate mATe sara vilyama benTike temane sAre| satkAra karyAM. te pachI rAjA rAma meAhanarAya iMgleMDa gayA, ane leDuM vidhyama enTinyunA A pagalAnI sAmenI eka araja upara carcA thatI hatI te vakhate hAusa Aka kAmansamAM hAjara hatA, ane hiMdustAnanI sarakAranA TharAva upara briTiza pArlamenTane majurI ApatI najare jovAne tene sa MteSa thayuM. ane je sudhArakanrutti, pazcimanA sAhitya ane vicAratantrate mATe je prema ane briTiza sAmrAjya upara je zraddA, rAjA rAmameAhanarAyanA jIvanane preratAM hatAM, teja vRtti, teja prema ane teja zraddhAe aMgrejI nizALA ane kAlejAmAMthI tarataja nIkaLelA hajArA juvAna inDiyaneAnAM manamAM ghara karyuM. A pramANe jyAre mahArANI vikaTerIyA briTiza sAmrAjyanI gAdIe beThAM te vakhate temanI bhAratIraiyatanA manamAM temane mATe UMDA, vizALa ane bhaktiyukta prema hatA; kAraNa ke iMglaMDanI rAjyanIti udAra ane vizvAsu hatI. e mahArANIzrInA lAMbA rAjyanA aMta sudhI eja audArya ane vizvAsanI nIti cAlu rahI hata teA hiMdustAnane dhaNuM ThIka hatuM. hiMdustAnanA rAjya vahivaTanuM kAma briTiza prajAe mAthe lIdhelA kAmamAM sAthI vadhAre vikaTa ane agatyanuM che, ane te kAma leAkeAnI sahAyatA vinA, ane temanA upara vizvAsa mUkyA vinA kadI paNa pAra pADI zakAya tema nathI. 394 mahArANIzrI gAdIe AvyAM teja varSamAM briTiza vahivaTanu kAma keTaluM kANu che te pratyakSa thayuM. 1803 ane 1804 lArDa vessInA yughdhAnA riNAmamAM meTA dukALA muMbai ane uttara hiMdustAnamAM paDyA hatA. 1913 mAM eka khIjo dukALa muMbAimAM paDayA hatA ane julamI jamAbandIthI pIDAtA madrAsamAM 1807-1827 ane 1833 mAM meTA dukALA paDathA hatA. te atyAre mahArANInA amalanA pahelAja varSamAM temaja julamI jamAbandIthI

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briTiza hiMdusthAnane Arthika itihAsa. 375 pIDAtA uttara hiMdustAnamAM A badhA dukALo karatAM vadhAre sabaLa dukALa paze. barDanI navI jamAbandI hajI pUrI thaI na hatI. loko sAdhanahIna thaI gayelA ane karajamAM DubI gayA hatA, ane 1837 mAM varasAdanI khAmIthI trAsadAyaka duSkALanA paMjAmAM sapaDAyA. jona lorensa (jeo pAchaLathI lairDa lorensa thayA) lakhe che ke hADAla ane pAvalanA paragaNAmAM atyAre je pIDA jovAmAM Ave che tevI meM mArI jIMdagImAM kadI joI nathI. asaMkhya mANaso maratAM jenI gaNatrI paNa thatI nahi. kAnapuramAM, zaheramAM ane nadI upara muDadAM ThekANe karavA mATe mANasane pharatA rAkhavAnI jarUra paDI hatI. phatehapura ane AgrAmAM paNa evAMja pagalAM bharavAnI jarUra jaNAI hatI. lAkho mANasa aprasiddha gAmaDAomAM maraNa pAmyAM jenI koI darakAre karatuM nahi. je bAbata kAMI jANavAmAM paNa na AvatI. rastA upara vagara bALelAM vagara dATelAM muDadAM paDyAM rahetAM ane Akhare jaMgalI prANIo temane ThekANe karatAM. Ama navA amalanI zarUvAtamAMja hiMdustAnanI sarakAranI muzkelIonI, dezamAM phelAyela duHkha ane nirdhanatAnI, sUcanA ApavAmAM AvI hatI. mahArANI vikaTorIAnA rAjyamAM ghaNuM pheraphAro hiMdustAnamAM thayA che. siMdha, paMjAba, adhyA, madhyaprAnta, brahmadeza ane balucistAnanA pradezo khAlasA thayAthI sAmrAjyanI sImAno vistAra vadhe che. Akho bharatakhaMDa, relve ane tArathI chavAI rahyo che. judA judA prAtamAM hAI korTa ane yuniharsiTionI sthApanAo thaI che, zahero vadhyAM che, ane ghaNo mulaka kheDavANu karavAmAM Avyo che. lejIsTeTiva kAunsile, ane DisTrikaTa ane myunisipala sabhAonI racanAo thaI che. zaheromAM aMgrejI keLavaNI ane gAmaDAM ane karabAomAM svadezI bhASAmAM apAtI keLavaNIne vistAra paNa ghaNo thaye che, paNa A rAjyamAM be moTA sudhArA jovAmAM AvyA nathI. .

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- prakaraNa 10 muM. - A be sudhArA te A che, A rAjyamAM hajI kone rAjyanI kAryabhAra sabhAomAM bhAga apAyuM nathI. ane A rAjyamAM lokanI sAMpattika sthiti sudharI nathI, A lokonI sahAyatA vinA kadI thavAnuM nathI. jene TuarTa mila kahe che ke bIjAnAM hita sAcavavA game te sAco irAde hoya, paNa te irAdA sAme te bIjAonA hAthapaga bAMdhI levAnI rIta kadI sahIsalAmata ke sArI asara kare tevI nathI. jIvanamAM je kAMI sthAyI sudhArA karavA hoya te pitAnAja zramathI thaI zake che, paNa have mahArANI vikaToriyAnAamalane bhAratavarSanA Arthika itihAsa sAthe savistara paricaya karIe. ssss vibhAga 1 samAsa ha * hAla lorDa melenA rAjyakIya sudhArAmAM A agatyanA sudhArAne sthAna :yuM che, e bahu khuzInI vAta che.

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