Prachin Bharat Varsh Bhag 04

Author(s): Tribhuvandas Laherchand Shah
Publisher: Jain Shwetambar Conference
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034580/1

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itihAsa 21 | 2 3 prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga cAthA lekhaka : DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha gAyA geITa roDa, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vaDA darA. AH! prakAzaka : zazikAnta enDa kuAM. rAvapurA TAvara sAme, www.umerc 2402 bhandar.com

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i. sa. pU. 900 thI i. sa. 100 sudhInA eka hajAra varSaneA prAcIna itihAsa, pAMca bhAgamAM, darekanA pAMcasa lekhe, 2500 pRSTo, Azare cArasA citrA, zilAlekhA, sikkAo, vidvAnAnAM pustakA tathA sarakArI daphtarAnA AdhArasahita pAnepAne navIna hakIkata ApI che. darekane pAkuM pUruM ane jekeTa upara khAsa citra. kiMmata mATe A pustakamAM pR. 4 upara jue. cAra bhAga bahAra paDI gayA che. bheTane pAMcame bhAga TUMka vakhatamAM bahAra pADavAmAM Avaze. pahelA bhAgamAM--te samayanA bhAratanA sALe rAjgyAnuM TUMka varNana che. temAM mukhya gaNAtA magadha sAmrAjyanA zizunAgava'zI nava, naMdavaMzanA nava maLI aDhAra rAjAonAM vRttAMta vistArapUrvaka apAyAM che. trIjA bhAgamAM--mAryavaMzanA prathamanA cAra rAjAonAM vRttAMteA che. atyArasudhI jaNAvAyAM che tenA karatAM tadna jUdI ja bhAtanAM te che. jema ke--(1) azAka ane priyadarzina eka nahi paNa bhinnabhinna che; jethI azeAkanA zilAlekha te mAddhadharmanA nathI paNa priyadarzina je jainadharmI hatA te dharmanA che. tathA (2) seMDekoTasa te caMdragupta nathI paNa aze|kavana che. I. I. adyApi sikkA citrA ke tenu... varNana-samaja, Adi koIpaNa gujarAtI grantheAmAM nathI apAyuM te A bhAganI khAsa khAsa viziSTatA che. trIjA bhAgamAM--morya vaMzanI paDatInuM,AkhA zuMgavaMzanuM tathA AkramaNa karatI paradezI pAMce prajAnuM varNana che. A pAMce prajA-ceAna, kSaherATa, pArthiansa,

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caraNapAdukA (amarAvatI stUpa) AkRti 1. 2] caraNa-pUjA (amarAvatI stUpa) AkRti na. 3] [ A bannenA varNana mATe citraparicayamAM tathA pustakanA aMte pariziSTa pRTa 372 juo. ] Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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yA sampatsividhAyinI vijayinI vijJAnasandAyinI / yA divyAJjanadAyinI nayanayoryA mArgasandarzinI // pA sadbrahmavicArasAdhanakarI yA dharmasambodhinI / sA vidyA paramezvarI naravaraiH sAdhyA samArAdhanaiH // 1 // - - Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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. . . ...s lage 1 mudrAlekha 2 viSaya saMkalanA 3 nAmAbhidhAna 4 mudrakSu nivedana 5 graMthanI Adi TUMkAkSarI samaja graMthanI prazasti viSaya saMkalanA degdegvaat ... cha 8 citrAvalI paricaya krU graMthanA khaMDa, pariccheda tathA viSayenI sUci Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ... 000000000 . . . 000000deg 00000Y. . . . . 000. ( ......... .... pRSTha 1 r sukha pRSTha DO 3 5 - 22 37 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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I. sa. pU. 900 thI Isa. 100 sudhInA eka hajAra varSane prAcIna bhArata varSa cAra bhAgamAM cAjelA paNa have pAMca vibhAgamAM pragaTa thata bhAga cotho ati prAcIna zilAlekhe-sikkAo ane pramANabhUta itihAsattAonA AdhAra ApI aitihAsika daSTie lakhela taddana navIna hakIkata sAthe [A pustaka para sarva prakAranA haka prakAroe pitAne svAdhIna rAkhyA che.] lekhakaH tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha ela. ema. enDa esa. prakAzaka : zazikAnta enDa ku. gAyogeITa ) vAdarA rAvapurA ... roDa ! TAvara sAme } vaDodarA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama khAvRtti prata 1250 cca kiMmata prathama bhAga rUA. mu dvitIya 3. tA tRtIya rUA. dA caturtha paMcama "" 39 .. 33 3] rUA. kula rUA. 36 ma. saM. 2464 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vikrama saMvata 1994 p. sa. 1938 AkhA seTanA prAhaka thanArane za. rA pAMcamA bhAga pragaTa thatAM sudhI te bAda rUA. 2jI muddatyusthAna : AdityaM mudraNAlaya * rAyakhaDa roDa * amadAvAda mudrakaH maNuilAla yu. mistrI, bI. e. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha vibhAga khaMDa sAtamA khaMDa AThamA khaMDa navamA khaMDa dazamA ***************......................................................

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TUMkAkSarI samaja a. adhyAya A. A. AkRti I. ItyAdi I. sa. IsavIsana . sa. pU. IsavIsananI pUrve upo. upaghAta khe. khaMDa gu. va. so. gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAyaTI - amadAvAda TI. TIkA athavA TipaNa naM. naMbara pari. pariccheda, pariziSTa A pAri. pArAgrApha, pArigrApha pupustaka pR. pRSTha 5. paMDita praka. prakaraNa prastA. prastAvanA ma. saM. mahAvIra saMvata mi. misTara vi. vigere saM. saMvata, saMvatsara vi. saM. vikrama saMvatsara A. D. IsavIsana B. C. isavIsananI pUrva P. N. (phUTanoTa) TIkA Intro. (InTroDakSana) prastAvanA, pravezaka P. (peIja) pRSTha PI. (leITa) paTa Pref. (propheIla) prastAvanA Prof. (prophesara) adhyApaka Vol. (vailyuma) pustaka, vibhAga, bhAga je je pustakonA AdhAre TAMkyA che temanA TUMkAkSaronI samaja pu. 1 thI 3 sudhImAM je aneka pustako nihALavA paDayA che temanI yAdI tyAM Apela che. A cothA vibhAgamAM je viSayonuM nirUpaNa karatAM pu. 1 thI 3 sudhImAMnA havAlA ApavA paDayA che, tyAM te asala pustakonAM nAmane nirdeza na karatAM, prAcIna bhAratavarSa pu. 1, 2, 3 juo evA TUMkA isArAja karyA che; kemake asala nAmo jaNAvavAthI nAhaka pustakonI nAmAvaLI moTI thaI jAya temaja je carcA, dalIle ke samajUti ame amArA taraphathI pu. 1, 2, 3mAM raju karI ne nirNaya bAMdhyA heya, tenI sahAya levAnI nirarthakatA ubhI thaI jAya che. A be kAraNathI atre raju karelI nAmAvaLI kadAca TUMkI paNa dekhAze. (4) TUMkAkSaramAM lakhyAM che tevAM pustakanAM nAmanI yAdI a. hi. I. ) ala hisTarI opha InDiyA i. e. inDiana enTIrI E. H. I. | vinsenTa smitha I. A. (mAsika) A. rI. sa. I. AkalojIkala rIporTa opha sadharna inDiyA I. hi. kavai. inDiyana hisTorIkala karvo I. H. 9. raTarli nAmanuM trimAsika A. sa. sa. I. AkalojIkala sarve Ina sadharna inDiyA (nyu ImpIrIala sIrIjha) e. I. juo uparamAM i. ka. e. I pe enzanTa Ijha e. I. ). I. ka. | sara kaniMgahAma E. I. J epiprAphikA inDikA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ezi. rIsarca ' ' | eziATIka rIsacIjha o. hi. I. ) okasapharDa hisTarI opha 0. H. I. I InDiyA ke. su. su. | kalpasUtranI sukhabAdhikA ka. su. su. } TIkAnuM bhASAMtara.paM. hirA ka. 4 lAla haMsarAjakuta jAmanagara ke. hi. I. ) kembrIja hisTarI opha C. H. I. J IDiA ke. za. hi. I. ) kembrIja zorTa hisTarI K. S. H. I. J oNpha InDiyA ke. . re. keInsa oNpha dhI AMdha C. A. R. I DInesTI che. resana ke. e. I. ) . ke. i. e. ke. ( keInsa oNpha enTa C. A. I. J inDiyA, sara kaniMgahAma ke. e. I. | | kAInsa oNpha enzanTa | | InDiyA je. sI. brAuna (sI. je. brAuna) | kRta 1922 laMDana pho. 5 ] kanolojI opha inDiyA pho. I. ! C. I. ] misisa meka Dapha ja. A. hi. rI. se. ne dhI jaranala opha dhI AMdha J. A. H. R. S. J hisTorIkala rIsarca sosAITI ja. e. bi pI che ] dhI_jaranala opha dhI orisA bihAra rIsarca J. 0. B. R. s. / J sAITI ja. . eN. ro. e. se.dhI jaranala oNpha dhI be be J. B. B. R. A. S. 3 phreiMca opha dhI raeNyala - eziyATika sosAITI ja, ro. e. sa. ) dhI jaranala opha dhI ]. R. A. S. / royala eziATika sosA R, A. S. J ITI opha laMDana ja. ra. e. sa. opha dhI greTa briTana enDa AyarlAMDa ja. e. e. beM. ) dhI jaranala opha dhI royala ja. re. se. beM. (3 - eziyATika sosAITI J. B. A. S. ( che. ne. . ! ] jenIjhama Ina dhana J. J. N. InDiyA, sI. je. zAhakRta U leMgamensa ku. je. sa. I. ] dhI sTaDIjha Ina jenIjhama J. S. . } Ina sadharna InDiyA (be * ) bhAga) che. rAva, ema.e. je. sA. saM. [. | jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, } trimAsika, chanavijayajI je. sA. saMze *) saMpAdaka, punA nA. ma. sa. nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA, banArasa prA. bhA. ) prAcIna bhAratavarSa che. prAcIna bhA. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAhata bu. I. | dhI buddhisTIka inDiyA B. I I che. rIsa DevIjha bu. pra. buddhiprakAza (guvo ) bhA, prA. rA. bhAratanA prAcIna rAja vaMza be bhAga) vizva rAya rAu, ema. e. bhAM. a. azokacaritra; DI. Ara. bhAMDArakara kRta bhA. saM. i. bhAratanuM saMkSipta itihAsa kAMgaDI gurukuLanA pro. bAlakRSNaema.e. lAhera 1914. pA. ka. pATarsa DAInesTIka lisTa opha dhI kalI eIja dhI bhitsA TopsaH janarala kaniMgahAma kRta mau. sA. I. maurya sAmrAjyakA ItihAsa kAMgaDI gurukulanA AcArya zrI vidyAbhUSaNa alaMkAra 1930, alahAbAda re. . . ] rekarDajha opha dhI vesTarna | varDa (be bhAga) revaraMDa R. W.W.| esa. bI. R. A. S. B. ) epha beMgAla Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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hisTarI opha dhI inDi yana enDa IsTana ArkI Tekacara. jemsa pharagyusana kRta (khe bhAga) (A) anya pustako, je pUrAM vAMcyAM hoya ke jemAMthI mAtra avataraNA ja lIdhAM hoya temanAM saMpUrNa nAmavALI yAdI hiM. hI. H, H. dhI hiMdu hisTarI opha inDiyA, kalakattA 1920 e. ke. majamudAra kRta amarakASa ekaTA orIenTeliyA anekAMta (mAsika) pu. 1, 1930; dIlhI (baMdha paDI gayuM che) ArkIMleAjIkala rIpeTa sa Avazyaka vRtti; haribhadrasUri enzanTa egrAphI ek inDiyAH De dhRta (zeDa) aMbAlAla nAnAbhAI pustakabhAra (vaDAdarA) 'kalyANa' patranA zivAMka : 1990, zrAvaNu bhAga 8 kuvalayamALA : dAkSiNyacinhari kharAthI inkrIpzansa : sTena kAnAu gaNapata kRSNA kRta zaka paMcAMga gAthA saptazatI gujarAtI--patra (sAptAhika) muMbainI bheTa 1913nI; jagannAthanI mUrti ane bhAratanuM bhaviSya "gaMgA" mAsika khAsa aMka 1933 janyuArI gauDavaheA pre|. hAla kRta inDIyana enTIvITIjha : prinsepsa upaniSada jainadharma prakAza (mAsika) bhAvanagara jaina jyaMti (mAsika) 1988 amadAvAda (baMdha paDI gayuM che) jaina yuga (mAsika) muMbai jaina kALagaNanA munizrI kalyANavijayajI vi. saM. 1920 jaina patrane ropya mahAtsava aMka : 1930 jaina Agama sUtreA tathA graMthA joDaNI krASa sAthe gujarAta vidyApITha TADa rAjasthAna (sastu sAhitya vardhaka : 1913 pahelA) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat graMtha hiM. I. che. A++. H. I E. A. TADa rAjasthAna : vyaMkaTezvara presa purANA prinsepsa jarnala enDa yurAjIla Tesa pariziSTa parva pharistAha : Deinsa kRta, bhASAMtara pu. 1 presIDIMgjha opha dhI Aryana sekSana ekTa dhI sevantha erIenTala keMgresa, DA. loTane lekha mAMe gejheTIara bRhaspati tra bhArahuta stUpa : janarala kaniMgahAma madrAsa gavarameMTa kAmyunIka; 30-12-29nA bhAvanagara sTeTanA saMskRta ane prAcIna zilAlekha : preA. pITarasana kRta bhagavAna pAnAtha : mudrita surata 1987 merUtuMga vicAra zreNI mathurAnA zilAlekhA : gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda jhA kRta mathurA lAyana kepITala pIlara tIrthamALAnuM stavana : kavi samayasuMdara kRta mAlavikAgnimitra mathurA enDa ITsa enTIvITIjha : 1901 meAhana jADerA (chUTuM chavAyuM) mudrArAkSasa kRti abhadattane tileAyapannati graMtha rAjataraMgiNa phelasa empha inDiyA sIrIjha--azAka zatruMjya mahAtmya--dhanezvarasUrinu vIra caritra-hemacaMdrasUri samarAditya kathA-haribhadrasUri 'sudhA' (mAsika) 1990 mArgazIrSa (?) hIsTarI opha erIssA : be bhAga : Ara. DI. benarajI kRta. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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graMtha prazasti AkhuMya prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM pustaka navIna zilIe ja taiyAra thayuM hovAthI tenA prathama bhAgamAM ja tenA sarjana vize khulAso karavA Avazyaka lAgyuM hatuM. uttarottara traNa vibhAgo pragaTa thaI gaela hevAthI, tevA khulAsAnI have apekSA rahetI nathI. jethI prathama vibhAge je pR 28, bIjAmAM 10 ane trIjAmAM chA rekavAM paDayAM che te mATe A caturtha vibhAge to tethI paNa kamatI karavAM raheta; paraMtu bIka rahe che ke kadAca te niyama ahIM na paNa sacavAya; kemake jema vibhAga vadhatA jAya tema vAMcananAM kSetra ane vizALatA paNa vadhe; eTale vivecakonA matabheda paNa vadhAre pramANamAM bahAra paDe te svAbhAvika che. AvI rIte bahAra paDatA vivecanane uttara vALavAnuM A sthAne nathI, tema jarUra paNa na gaNAya; paraMtu tema karatAM be sthiti ubhI thAya che. je matabhedane khulAso nathI apAte, te ame raju karelA vicAra khoTA che ema ame poteja svIkAra karI lIdhAnI mAnyatA prasare che ane khulAso ApavA prayatna karAya che te, jema eka bhAIe jaNAvyuM che tema "paDyA paNa taMgaDI uMcI" athavA ahaMkAra ane abhimAnanuM ALa mAthe ceTe che. bIjA prakAranI sthitimAM je koI jAtanI hAni pahoMcatI hoya te amane ekalAne ja che; jyAre pahelI sthitimAM te AkhA ItihAsane hAnI pahoMce che. A vastusthitimAM jAti viSayaka hAnine gauNa lekhI, ItihAsane thatI sarva sAmAnya hAnIne bacAvI levI te kartavya che. jethI thoDI ghaNI paNa atre upayogI lekhAya teTalI samajUti ApIzuM. AvI samajUtI AlekhavAnuM dhoraNa ApaNe "bhUmikA "nA zirSaka taLe rAkhyuM che. (a) bhUmikA samarthana ApanAra je aneka abhiprAya, avakano ke abhinaMdana patro maLyAM hoya tene ullekha karavo te AtmazlAghA kahevAya mATe tenI saMkhyA game teTalI vipula hoya teye jatI karavI ja ucIta gaNAya che. jyAre virUddha paDatI game tevI nAnI TIkA hoya te paNa tene lakSamAM laI temAMthI grAhya heya tene amala karavAthI Apa ne majabUtI maLe che. AvAM thoDAMka TIkAsyAne amArI najare paDyAM che; (1) zrIyuta durgAzaMkara zAstrIjIe prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM "prasthAna" mAsikamAM avelekana lIdhuM che, temAM tathA karAMcI mukAme maLela sAhitya pariSadanA eka vibhAgIya pramukha tarIke vAMcela Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhASaNamAM, kADhelA uddagAramAM (2) 1976nA "gujarAtI sAhitya sabhAnA rIporTamAM tenA samIkSaka rA. rA. prophesara mAMkaDe amArA pustaka viSe pragaTa karelA vicAramAM (3) "muMbaI samAcAra" nAme dainikamAM zrIyuta mi. jhaverIe koI paNa jAtanI dalIla ApyA vinA TAMkelA pitAnA aneka nirNayomAM (4) ane pU. A. . zrI. Indravijaya sUrie bahAra pADela aneka kRtiomAM. uparanA cArenAM samAdhAnane prayAsa have eka pachI eka karIe. (1) zrIyuta durgAzaMkara zAstrIjInA pramukha tarIkenA bhASaNamAM kAMI dalIlonI apekSA na ja rakhAya; tema te sthitimAM pite game tevAM vizeSaNe vApare toye sarvane maunaja sevavuM rahe; eTale te bAbata ApaNe jatI karavI rahI; bAkI avalokanamAM paNa dalIlo jevuM thoDuM ja dAkhavyuM che; mAtra potAne abhiprAya darzAvatAM amane dhamadhapaNAnA, ahaMbhAvanA I. I. IlakAba chUTe hAthe Ape gayA che, paraMtu te IlakAbe pitAne lAgu paDe che ke amane, te te bhAvI nakakI kare te kharUM. atra temanI eka zikAne uttara ApavuM jarUrI che. pariziSTakAra zrI hemacaMdrasUrie avaMtipationA samaya bAbata traNa gAthA TAMkI che, tenA artha che. zAMtilAla nAmanA vidvAne cAlI AvatI mAnyatA pramANe karI batAvyuM che. jyAre ame judI ja rIte karI batAvyuM che. eTale zrImAna zAstrIjIne te bahu AkaruM paDayuM che ane te mATe potAnA taraphanI saMgIna dalIla ApavAne badale (1)mAtra bole che ke "AdhAra eka ja hovA chatAM nirNaya judA judA"; A vAkyane paNa je eka dalIla ja gaNAtI hoya te jaNAvavuM rahe che ke kAyadAnI korTe hAlamAM aneka darajajanI gaNAya che. sauthI nAnI munasaphanI, tenA upara sezansa jaja, tenA upara hAI keTe, tenI upara labeMca ane chevaTa provI kAunsIla; eka kesa je munsaphanI korTamAM cAlyuM hoya ane tenuM pariNAma saMtoSakAraka na hoya te phariyAdI tene teja kAgaLa laIne eka pachI eka uparanI korTamAM jAya che. ane pAMca korTomAM keI vakhate judA judA nirNaye paNa Ave che. A pramANe sarve pAse "kAgaLa-AdhAro eka ja hovA chatAM nirNaya judA judA" kAM AvatA haze tene kAMI khulAso che ke? (2) rA. rA. pro. DolararAya mAMkaDa, temaNe rIporTamAM amArA pustaka vize abhiprAya darzAvatAM evI te zabda ane vAkaya racanA karI che ke gujarAtI bhASAnA niSNAta tarIke te tarI Ave ane bIjA pakSe ApaNane temanA hAtha taLe besIne ja gujarAtI bhASAnuM jJAna meLavavAnuM mana thayAM kare; temane be bAbatane deSa mukhya paNe lAge che. eka to aitihAsika pustakomAM na dAkhala karavA jevI bAbatone samAveza karyo che jethI pustakane zuddha ItihAsa na kahevAya; ane bIje, dalIla karavAnI tathA (1) amane eka anya vidvAne kahela zabdo atre yAda Ave che temanA kahevAne sAra e hato 2 zrImAna zAstrIjIne gujarAtanA itihAsano abhyAsa haju haze paranta prAcIna bhAratavarSane nahIM hoya. nahIM te rItasaranI dalIlo Apata.

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sArAsAra tAravI kADhavAnI paddhati bAbata che. pahelI bAbata vize ema uttara ApavAnuM ke, ItihAsa kene kahe te prazna matamatAMtara che. te vize amArA keTalAka vicAre pu. 1 nI prastAvanAmAM jaNAvyA che. vizeSamAM "prasthAna' mAsikamAM 1994 nA kAtika mAsanA aMkamAM "ItihAsanuM parizIlana" nAme je vidvatApUrNa lekha atranI kolejanA adhyApaka rA. rA. kezavalAla himatarAma kAmadAre lakhyo che te upara dhyAna kheMcavA rajA laIe chIe. bIje deSa je teozrIe mUkayo che te jANavA tathA vidyArthI tarIke temAMthI zIkhavA yogya ta grahaNa karavA, teozrIne amadAvAdamAM ja eka vakhate ame rUbarU maLyA hatA. tyAre thoDIka carcA thaI hatI tene sAra e hatA ke, temaNe amAruM prathama pustaka temaja tenI prastAvanA vAMcI nathI; banavA joga che ke je vAMcyuM hota te temane dekhAtI bUTIo vizenuM samAdhAna temAMthI maLI rahe eTale nirUpAye bIjI vakhata sarva pustako sahita maLavA upara mulatavI rAkhyuM. te bAda karAMcI mukAme temanA nivAsasthAna upara be vakhata ame maLyA paNa samayanA abhAve te muddAo carcA zakAyA nathI. tyAMthI AvyAbAda be traNa vakhata patradvArA tenA javAbanI ugharANI karI paNa che. paraMtu uttara maLyo nathI eTale have jyAre vaLI bane tyAre kharUM. (3) muMbaI samAcAranA eka lekhaka zrIyuta jhaverI-temaNe lagabhaga aDhI Dajhana jeTalA pitAnA nirNaye ja kevaLa jaNAvI dIdhA che. te nirNaya upara AvavAne temane zuM zuM kAraNe maLyAM hatAM tene ulekha sarakhoye nathI. balake pU. A. ma. IndravijayasUri mahArAjanA ja sarva prazno ane nirNaya kema utAryA na hoya athavA kema jANe temanI nizrAmAM rahIne ja AkhAye lekha lakhAye na hoya te AbhAsa ubhe thAya che. A sthitimAM temane svataMtra javAba na ApatAM, IndravijayasUrijI mATe nIce jaNAvela uttara vAMcI javA vinaMti che. (4) pU. A. ma. IndravijayasUri amArI kRtimAM apUrva rasa letA mAlama paDyA che. I. sa. 197nA me mAsa sudhImAM temaNe je pravRtti AdarI hatI ane temAM kayAM kayAM temaNe udhe raste vAcakone daryA che tenuM digdarzana pustaka vibhAga 3 nI prastAvanAmAM pR. 10 thI 14 sudhImAM TUMkamAM dorI batAvyuM che. te bAda temanA taraphathI traNa pustaka pragaTa thayela ame nihALyAM che (1) prAcIna bhAratanuM siMhAlakana (2) mathurAne siMha vaja ane (3) mahAkSatrapa rAjArUdradAmA. pAchaLanA be pustake dekhItI rIte ane sparzatA nathI paraMtu amoe jAhera karela mAnyatAnA khaMDana mATenA temAM vAraMvAra isArA karAyela hovAthI tenAM nAma atre utAryA che. A uparathI je eka be vidvAnoe te sarve jayAM-vAMcyA haze temaNe pRcchA paNa calAvela ke, DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa upara idravijayasUrine ATalo badhe verabhAva thavAnuM kAraNa zuM? amArA kAne te vAta AvI tyAre tyAre ame (2) siMha ja nAma temaNe zA mATe ApyuM haze te teozrIe kayAMya jaNAvyuM nathI. mULa zabda te Lion-capital Pillar che, jeno artha siMhastaMbha thaI zake. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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12 eTalo ja javAba Apelo ke amAruM pustaka bahAra pADayuM te pahelAM temaja pachI paNa, jayAM sudhI gujarAtamAM-kAThiyAvADamAM teozrI vicaratA hatA tyAMsudhI ame sArI rIte temanA samAgamamAM AvyA chIe. eTale tyAMsudhI verabhAva te eka bAju rahyo paNa kaIrIte aprItine bhAva paNa darzAvAyo nathI! bAkI to jenI pAse je vastu vadhAre hoya tenuM te dAna Ape che, athavA svabhAva paDe hoya tenuM nivAraNa zuM? te temanAM traNe pustake dhyAnapUrvaka vAMcI joyAM che. te vize belavA jatAM aneka IlkAbonI navAjeza AvI paDaze ja, chatAM hiMmatapUrvaka saMkSiptamAM kahI zakAya tema che ke, eka be nAnI vigata sivAya, anya ke I paNa mahatvanuM tattva temAMthI grahaNa karavA jevuM nIkaLyuM nathI. savistara to uttara ApavAne te avasara jyAre prApta thAya tyAre khare, paraMtu eka be muddA je vAcaka vargane khAsa jaNAvavA yogya che te atra raju karIzuM. vastu saMgraha karavAne temaNe bhagIratha prayatna karyo che, vaLI aneka AdhAro ane pramANe DhAMkIne pAnAne pAnAM bharAya teTaluM lakhANa paNa upajAvI kADhayuM che. A badhAMthI ame paNa ghaNA pramANamAM mAhitagAra chIe, chatAM amoe je navAM nirNaya ke anumAna bAMdhyAM che ane tema karavA mATe kAraNe ane vigata darzAvI che, temAMnI eke pite vAMcatA nathI, vicAratA nathI, khaMDana karatA nathI, paraMtu je vastuo kayAranI jANI cUkAI che, cavicUrNa thaI gaI che, te vAraMvAra gAyA ja kare che tene artha zuM? pite saMgrAhakane pATha bhajave che paNa sAthe sAthe raju karAtI dalIla upara vicAra karI, saMzodhakanA mArge vaLI jAya te ghaNuM ghaNuM navuM jANavAnuM ApI zake. eka ja daSTAMta ApIzuM. mathurAnA sihadhvajavALI pustikAmAM ItihAsanA viSayamAM vartamAnakALe sattAsamAna gaNAtA mahAdhuraMdhara evA be pAMca ke dazapaMdara nahIM, paNa trevIsa trevIsa vidvAnonA abhiprAya meLavIne temaNe raju karyA che; te sarvane eka ja dhAre abhiprAya vAMcatAM te bAbatamAM ApaNe hAtha ja dhoI nAMkhavA rahe che. paraMtu te abhiprAya meLavavAmAM temaNe evI siphatathI kAma lIdhuM che ke, itihAsanA viSayathI apara rahela vAcaka vargane te sahelAIthI khabara ja na paDe. temaNe prathama te 15-7-37nI mitine eka chApela paripatra, uparanA trevIse vidvAnane pAThavyuM lAge che, ane te paNa evA rUpamAM ke cAlu AvatI mAnyatAnuM svarUpe raju karatA vAkomAM ja; ke jene uttara, hA ke nA, jevA thoDA zabdomAM ja athavA te tevA mItAkSarI vAkomAM ja AvI jAya. paripatramAM je temaNe thAlu mAnyatAthI ulaTa javAmAM amArI zuM zuM dalIla che athavA amane zuM zuM saMge che teonuM varNana karyuM hota ke TUMkamAM paNa tene citAra Ape hota, te te jarUra te upara vicAra karIne ja teo potAno abhiprAya Apata (A hakIkata vadhAre spaSTatA pUrvaka jarA AgaLa varNavI che te vAMcI juo) eTale svabhAvika che ke amArA pustakathI je kaI aparicita che, te jema bhArapUrvaka kahI zake che ke, azaka ane priyadazina eka ja che eTaleke bhinna nathI, tema AmaNe paNa adyApi paryata mAnya rahelI sthitine ja saMmati darzAvI lIdhI dekhAya

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13 che. matalaba ke, trevIse vidvAneAnA abhiprAya A siMhastUpa vizenI kevaLa saMgrAhaka sthitidarzaka che. have jyAre A gujarAtI pustakanA anuvAda thaine iMgrejImAM mahAra paDe che (prathama bhAga taiyAra paNa thai gayeA che te vize AgaLa juo) tyAre umedra rahe che ke, aneka vidvAnAnAM karakamaLamAM te paheAMcaze, te upara vivAda-carcAe bahAra paDaze ane pariNAme je zuddha haze teja tarI Avaze. bAkI rUdradAmAvALI pustikAmAM jUnI praNAlikAe, ke kANu jANe kayA sAdhanAdvArA (kAMca mahu AdhAra jevuM Apela na heAvAthI) samaya paratve temaNe kAma lIdhuM che, ke jAhera karela vigateAmAM, pAne pAne, pArIgrAphe pArigrAphe ane keTaleka ThekANe teA vAkaye vAkayamAM paristhiti sudhAre| mAMgI rahI che. kharI vAta che ke paradezI vidvAneA pAsethI prArabhamAM ApaNane ghaNuM ghaNuM zIkhavAnuM maLyuM che, paraMtu hamezAM tenuM ja mArgadarzana svIkAravuM ane ApaNAmAM te parAlaMbana sivAya kAMI cheja nahIM, evI lAcAra sthiti senyA karavI te kayA prakAranuM mAnasa kahevAya? uparamAM kahevAmAM Avyu che ke praznonA uttara meLavavAmAM temaNe eka prakAranI sita je vAparI che tenuM varNana spaSTatA pUrvaka AgaLa ApyuM che. te atra have samajAvIzuM. temaNe paripatramAM zuM zabdo lakhyA che te ApaNe jo ke jANatA nathI paraM'tu, temanA patranA javAba, kalakattA myujhIama vALA prA. rAmacaMdramajIe tA. 24-7-37nA rAje ApyA che temAMthI kAMIka mAhitI maLI jAya che ja. temanA zabdo A pramANe cheH-- With reference to your letter of the 15th Inst, inquiring if the Mathura Lion Capital inscription contains any reference to Jaina affairs or names of Nabapana, Bhumak or Nanaka, I have to give you a reply in the negative= Ape je patra tA. 15 mInA lakhela che ane jemAM pUchavAmAM AvyuM che ke, mathurA siMhastUpamAM jainadharma paratve kAMi hakIkata che athavA te nahapANa, bhramaka ke nanakamAMthI phAInAM nAma temAM Ave che; te uttaramAM mAre nakAra ja bhaNavA rahe che. matalabake banne praznanA uttara temaNe nakAramAMja dIdhA che. A patralekhana pU. A. ma. zrI. e amArA pustakamAM darzAvelA vicAra paratve karela che. eTale pAte amArA nAme ema kahevAne mAMge che ke, kema jANe ame evuM kahyuM che ke, te mathurAstUpamAM jainane lagatI hakIkata darzAvI che tathA temAM nahupANu ane bhUmakanAM nAma lakhAyala che. (nanaka nAma kayAMthI teoe utAryuM? te te| hajI A prathamavAra temanA ja taraphathI sAMbhaLavAmAM AvyuM che eTale te vize ame saiAna ja sevIzuM) te amArI teezrIne vinamrabhAve vinaMti che ke, ame kAM AvuM vidhAna karyuM che te maherabAnI karIne te jaNAvaze. bAkI ame jarUra eTaluM teA kahyuM che ja, ke kSaherATa nahapANa pote siMhastaMbhamAM darzAvela mahAkSatrapa rAjIvulane samakAlIna che. te mATe ja. che. che. rA. e. se. navI AvRtti pu. 3 pR. 61nuM avataraNa paNa TAMkI batAvyuM che (juo pu. 3 pR. 234 TI.

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14 1. 93) f " It is obvious that Nahapana was a contemporary of Rajuvula* the Mahakshatrapa of Mathura-dekhItuM che ke, mathurAne mahAkSatrapa rAjupula ane nahapANu samakAlIna che." A uparAMta anya aitihAsika hakIkata maLavAthI, te sarva paririthatine guMthIne ame anumAna tAravI kADhayuM che, jene cAre taraphathI samayanA AMkaDAvaDe rAmarthana maLavAthI satya ghaTanA tarIke jAhera karI che. paraMtu pote muddo na samajavAthI, je ame tyAM paNa na hoIe tevAM vidhAna amArA nAme karIne, vAcakane bhramamAM ja nAMkhavA dhAryuM hoya, tyAM doSa kone? agAu paNa aneka vakhata A ja pramANe temaNe pagalAM bharyA hatAM ane te vakhate paNa duHkhita hRdaye amAre jAhera vartamAnapatramAM tenAM daSTAMta ApIne tenuM satya batAvavuM paDayuM hatuM. uparamAM lekhita sAhityanI vAta karI, tevoja eka mikhika prasaMga varNavIza. ApaNA gujarAtanA eka nAmAMkita vidvAnane ame bahAra pADela pustaka laIne khAsa maLavA jatAM nIce pramANe praznottarI thaI hatI. prathama amArAM pustake temanI pAse raju karyA. (1) prazenAM pustako che? u. "prAcIna bhAratavarSanAM : temaNe vaLate javAba Ape ke te vize meM sAMbhaLyuM che. (2) pra7 ? u0 haM, AgaLa calAve. (3) pro--Ape pustaka vAMcyAM che. u0-nA, (4) prave-ApanI pAse A pustaka mUkI jau chuM. avakAze joI jaze; u0-vAMca vAne avakAza nathI tema jovAM paNa nathI. AvAM pustaka pragaTa paNa thavAM na joIe. (5) Ape pustaka vAMcyAM nathI, joyAM nathI to A abhiprAya zA uparathI bAMdhe che ? u-te vize bIjAo pAsethI khUba sAMbhaLyuM che eTale have jevAM ja nathI. A pramANe jyAM pUrvabaddha vicArenuM sAmrAjya pravartI rahyuM hoya tyAM bIje upAya kyAM rahyo? vivekapUrvaka salAma karI chUTe paDa. A pramANe purataka mAMhelI hakIkatanI virUddhatAnI sthiti jyAM sudhI jANavAmAM AvI tyAM sudhI varNavI che. tyAre be sthAne vaLI judAja svarUpe te nihALAI che. (eka) kAzIthI pragaTa thatI nagarI pracAraNa sabhAnI pratrikA bhA. 16 aMka 1. vizAkha 1981nA aMkamAM lagabhaga 65 pRSThane ujjainanA zrI. e sUryanArAyaNa vyAse potAnA nAme "padagruta mahArAjA azeka athavA saMpratinA zilAlekha" vALo amAre AkhIya lekha utAryo che. patrakAre athavA lekhaka mahAzaye AvA prasaMge mULa lekhaka pratye je sojanyatraNa batAvavuM joIe te batAvyuM nathI. alabata kayAMka kayAMka (cAra-pAMca sthAne amAruM nAma levAI gayuM che. * temanI mAnyatA ema che ke (juo temanuM pustaka, mayurAne siMha dhvaja . 19 paMkti 23) vAstavamAM siMhAjanI pratiSThA vakhate nahapAnI hatI ja hatI nahIM, te te se varSa pachI thayo che. koI vidvAna tene ullekha karato nathI. (te pachI ja. ba. che. ra. e. so nA lakhANano artha zuM?) AvI to keTalIye ajJAna pUrNa TIkAo temaNe karI dIdhI che. paraMtu te ahIM asthAne kahevAya eTale jaNAvIzuM nahIM, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tenA yathAmati agAuthI khulAsA ApyA ja che. chatAM je kAMI deSa jaNAI Ave te mATe ame potAne ja javAbadAra lekhIe chIe, te mATe vAcakavarganI kSamA yAcIe chIe. have A cothA bhAganI prastAvanA upara AvIe. () prastAvanA AkhA pustakanA cAra bhAgane badale have pAMca bhAga karavA paDayA che tathA karavA dhArelA agIyAra khaMDamAMthI prathamanA cha khaMDanuM vRttAMta, pragaTa thayelA traNa bhAgamAM apAI gayuM che. tyAM sudhInI sthiti sarvanI jANamAM che. eTale bAkI rahetA be bhAgamAM sAtathI agIyAra sudhInA pAMca khaMDanuM varNana karavuM rahyuM gaNAya. A pAMcamAMthIye sAtamA tathA AThamA nuM sthAna pheraphAra thayA vinA kAyama rAkhyuM che. paraMtu cedivaMzane navama, zatavahanavaMzane dazame ane kuzAna tathA caThANuvaMzanI hakIkatane lagato agIAramo khaMDa, ema je krama TharAvyo hato temAM pheraphAra karIne varNanane saMbaMdha ane samayane lagatI samajUtI barAbara saraLatAthI magaja mAM utarI jAya te hetuthI, kuzAna-caThaNavaMzane navamA khaMDe ane cedivaMzane dazamA khaMDe goThavI, temane A cothA bhAgamAM samAveza karyo che, jyAre zatavahana vaMzane Akheye agiyArame khaMDa svataMtra rIte pAMcamA bhAgane mATe bAkAta rAkhe che. eTale A cothA bhAganA pUrvArdhanA varNanamAM keTaleka ThekANe cappaNa-kuzAna vaMza ke cedivaMzanI vigata jovAnA AdhAra batAvatAM pustaka pAMcamAmAM juo evuM lakhAI gayeluM dekhAI Ave che te sudhArI levA vinaMti che. khaMDa sAtama - AkhA gardabhIla vaMzanuM varNana apAyuM che. tene traNa pariccheda pADyA che. kharI rIte gardabhIla vaMzanA beja paricheda kahevAya; paraMtu vacce sAta varSa sudhI zaka prajAne avaMtI upara amala thavA pAmyuM hatuM eTale te prajAnA adhikAranuM varNana eka paricchedamAM ApI tene A gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAonA khaMDamAM ja sthAna ApavuM paDayuM che. traNe paricachedamAM atyAra sudhI bhAratIya ItihAsanA pustakomAM na jaNAyelI hakIkatene ja mukhya aMze nirdeza karAyo che. eTale AkhIye vastu navIna ja lAge che. khaMDa AThamo-samayanI kALagaNanA-eTale bhAratIya itihAsamAM keTalA saMvatsare kayAre jaNAyA che, temanI utpatti, temane sthApaka keNa, sthApanAne samaya karyo tathA kayA kAraNathI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI te sarvanI savistara nedha lIdhI che, temaja vidvAnanAM kathananAM avataraNe TAMkI TAMkI, temAM raheluM rahasya, dAkhalA dalIla tathA ulaTA sulaTA prazno ubhA karIne, eka pachI eka muddA laI samajAvavA prayatna karyo che ane chevaTe pAkA nirNaya karI batAvyA che. temaja kSaharATa saMvata, mahAvIra saMvata, caThaNa saMvata AdinAM nAma je kadApI nahIM saMbhaLAyala, te saMvate paNa zilAlekha, sikkAo temaja sarakArI dastAvejo suddhAtamAM paNa vaparAyA che te daSTAMtasahita sAbita karI batAvyuM che. vikrama saMvata eka vakhata gatimAM AvyA bAda keTaleya vakhata tenuM pAchuM nAmanizAna jatuM rahyuM che ane vaLI amuka saMjogomAM purnajIvana pAme che tenuM varNana Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ApyuM che, je vaLI ora navIna ja vRttAMta puruM pADe che. temaja "zaka saMvata' ne lagatA che prakAranA artha, temane Akhoye ItihAsa, utpatti, sthiti tathA vikAsa taddana navIna peja sArAye ItihAsamAM dekhA de che. vaLI AzcaryamAM garakAva karI de tevI aneka vigato A khaMDanA banane paricchedamAM bharelI che. khaDa nava -kuzanavaMzane lagate che. tenA cAra pariccheda pADayA che, traNamAM khAsa kuzAna vaMzanuM ja varNana che. ane cothAmAM te vaMzanA kSatrapa, eTale caThaNavaMzI pazcima hiMdanA kSatraponuM khyAna karyuM che. AmAM cakka| saMvata kema ane kayAre ubhe tha, kSatrapa mahAkSatra5nA adhikAra kevA hoya che; caThaNane zaka kahevAya che te vyAjabI che ke kema? nahapANa ane caThaNanI jAti, samaya tathA anya prakAre je bhinnatA che te badhuM bahu ja rasabharyuM vAMcana raju kare che tathA adyApi paryata cAlu AvelI mAnyatAne ghaNIye rIte uthalAvI nAMkhatI najare paDe che. kuzAnavaMzI rAjAnA varNana mATe traNa pariccheda zekavA paDyA che. prathama paricchede temanuM utpattisthAna, nAmAvaLI ane vaMzAvaLInI carcA upADI te badhuM yathocita, spaSTAkAre goThavI dIdhuM che. temAM mukhya khUbI be traNa bAbata vize tarI AvatI dekhAze. atyAra sudhI eka kaniSka thayAnuM jaNAyuM che, jyAre be kaniSka thayAnuM puravAra thAya che. temaja rAjA havike je juSka nAmathI oLakhAvI tene adhikAra hAtha lIdhe hovAnuM zIkhavAya che tene badale have rAjA vaSka nAmanI taddana navIna vyakti dAkhala karAi che ane tenuM nAma ja juSka hatuM jyAre haviSka te kaniSka bIjAnI sagIra avasthA daramyAna rIjaTa tarIkeja hata; ane kaniSka bIje gAdIe AvatAM, teNe pitAnA kAkA haviSkane temanI jIdagI sudhI keTalAka vizeSa adhikAra ApI eka svataMtra rAjakartA tarIke potAnA sAmrAjyanA amuka bhAga upara hakumatane bhagavaTe karavA dIdho hato. A prakAranI ghaNI ghaNI nUtana vigate zilAlekhe AdhAre zodhI kADhI sAbita karI ApI che. uparAMta ATha navIna prazno ubhA karIne sarvenuM vigatavAra varNana ApyuM che tathA aitihAsika banAvonI guMthaNI karI batAvI che. sauthI AzcaryabharyuM eka tava te e che ke, je zaka saMvatane prAraMbhika samaya adyApi paryata I. sa. 78 ne manAya che tenI sAla kayAMka AghI ja nIkaLI paDe che. te AkhuMye prakaraNa navInaja svarUpa dhAraNa karatuM dekhAya che ane nizcitapaNe TharAvI Apela A navIna samaya pramANe, have pachI banI rahelI etihAsika ghaTanAo, jene samajavAmAM keTalIya muzkelIo, gUMcavaNa, zaMkAo ane anizcitatAo udabhavatI AvI che te sarvenuM samAdhAna kevI saraLatAthI AvI jAya che te dRSTAMtapUrvaka batAvI apAyuM che. eTale te TharAvI Apela navIna samayane koTIe caDAvI tenI satyatA paNa puravAra karI ApI che. ' dazamo khaMDa-divaMzane che. teNe pAMca paricacheda rokyA che. prathama paricchede pustaka pahelAmAM jyAMthI cedivaMzane ItihAsa choDI dIdhuM che tyAMthI mAMDIne, hAthIguphAmAM nirdiSTa rAjA kSemarAja gAdIpati thaye tyAM sudhInuM anusaMdhAna jeDI batAvyuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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e che. te khAi tenA tathA tenA putra vRddhirAjanA zajaamalanA saMpUrNa vRttAMta ApyA che. khIjA paricchedamAM itihAsakAroe hAthIrguphAmAM darzAvela magadhapati puSyamitra-zrRhaspatimitrane je puSyamitra TharAvyA che ane tema karI puSyamitrane khAravelanA samakAlIna TharAvI AkhA itihAsanuM caNatara ghaDI kADhayuM che, te sa` hakIkattanI pAkaLatA lagabhaga vIsa jeTalI sakhyAmAM Negative, Positive and Affirmative-nakArAtmaka, huMkArAtmaka ane pUraka purAvAo ApIne siddha karI ApI che. eTale ke khAravelanA samaya puSyamitra zuMgava'zInA samasamayI tarIke I. sa. pU. 180nI AsapAsane je manAyeA che tene badale tenI paNa pUrve Azare aDhIsadInA haiAvAne tathA lekhamAM vaparAyala 103nA AMka nathI mauryasavatane ke nathI naMdasaMvatanA, te paNa sAbita karI ApyuM che. hAthINuMkAnA lekhanI sattare paktienA anuvAdamAM rahelI kharAkhara traNa Dajhana jeTalI gerasamajUtionA ukela karI, tenI satyatAnI khAtrI mATe teja lekhamAM varNavelI aitihAsika ghaTanAnA kevI rIte sumeLa saMdhAtA dekhAya che te batAvI ApyuM che; temaja rAjA khAravelanA dharma saMbaMdhI je vigata darzAvAI che tenuM vivecana karI keTalIye hakIkata upara navIna prakAza pADace che. eTale te lekha rAjakIya dRSTie ghaDAyA heAvAnI je mAnyatA che tenA karatAM dhAmika dRSTie kAtarAvAye| hAvAnuM spaSTa karI ApyuM che. A uparathI zilAlekhanI lipinA ukelamAM keTale darajje bhUla thaI jAya che te have spaSTa samajAtuM jAya che; temaja bhUtakALanA vidvAneA bhUla khAya ja nahIM; tee je vaDhe che athavA vayA che te sarvadA jaDamezalAka ja rahevuM joIe; I. I. prakAranuM mAnasa have palaTA mAMge che. temaja zilAlekha ane sikkAnA purAvA upara ja kevaLa AdhAra na rAkhatAM tene gaNitazAstranI ritIe paNa cakAsI jovA joie ane te pachI ja tene nizcayapUrvaka svIkArI levuM rahe che. ceAthA paricchede lekhamAM vaparAyala e traNa zabdo vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa mAMgatA hAvAthI tenu vivecana karyuM che. te zabdomAM eka, pustakaddhAra tathA duSkALane lagate, bIjo mahAvijaya prAsAdane lagatA ane trIne kaliMgajIna mUrtine lagatA che; prasaMgeApAta A sthAnamAM AvI rahelI jagannAthapurInA vizvamaMdira tathA temAM rahelI zrAkRSNa, subhadrA ane khaLarAmajInI trimUrtionuM varNana ApI te sabaMdhInI pracalita mAnyatAmAM parivartana karavI paDe tevI hakIkatA dAkhalA dalIleApUrvaka samajAvAI che; tathA mUti ane mUrtipUjA, hiMdu ane jaina, eka ke bhinna te prazna carcyA che. paMcama paricchede trikaliMganuM svarUpa samAvI temAM kayA kayA dezeA gaNAtA tene rasapUrvaka itihAsa upajAvI kADhayA che. tathA hiMdI A pelegAmAM pazu kevI rIte hiMdI saMskRtinuM saraNa thavA pAmyuM hatuM te sAbita karI batAvyuM che; chevaTe khAravelanuM sAmAjIka jIvana cItarI batAvI samrATa priyadarzinanA jIvananI sAthe tulanAtmaka varNana karyuM che ane tenA maraNukhAda je e rAjAe thayA che tenA rAjye banelA banAvAnuM vRttAMta ApI cedivaMzanI samApti karI batAvI che. A pramANe dazamAkhaMDanA pAMca paricchede paNa AgaLanA maMDAnI peThe ghaNI

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19 ghaNI vastuo tadna navIna AkAramAM ja pIrasavAmAM AvI che. ATalI TUMka noMdha itihAsanA varNana sabaMdhI che. citra mAkhatamAM--jaNAvavAnuM ke dareke dareka khaMDamAM temAM puravAra karAyalI hakIkatane samajAvanArAM citrA ze|dhIkarIne raju karyA che. badhAMye purAtattvanA bhaMDAramAMthI bahAra kADhayAM che. ekke kalpanAthI upajAvI kADhela nathI. alabatta temane raju karavAnI zailI ane paddhati amArI che paraMtu te te samajUti saraLa thAya teTalA darajje anurUpa banAvavA pUratI ja che. A kathananI satyatA te te citranA varNana mATe TAMkela pRSTha vAMcavAthI khAtrI thaI jaze. chatAM eka che je khAsa viziSTatAo upara dhyAna doravAnI jarUra che tenA ullekha karyA sivAya rahevAtuM nathI; jene ApaNe have kuzAna (jevAke kaDasIjhavALA vaMzanA rAjAe), kSaharATa ( jevAke nahapANa, rAjIvula, pAtika I.), caNuvaMzI ( jevAke caRNu, rUdradAmana i.) tathA hUNa (jevAke tAramANu, mihirakuLa I.) tarIke oLakhAvyA che temAMnA ghaNAkharAne athavA bahudhA moTA bhAgane sarve itihAsakAroe zaka tarIke varNavyA che; banavA joga che ke ekalI zakastAnanI prajAne ja zakanA viziSTa nAmathI je, kharI rIte oLakhavI joie, te ghaNA dUra pUrvanA samaye kadAca uparanI anya prajAnI sAthe mizrita thaI gaI haze ane te AdhAre bhale te sarvane zakanA sAmAnya nAmamAM samAveza karAya paraMtu tethI karIne je samayanuM ApaNe varNana karI rahyA chIe, te samaye te te vyAkhyA kAI rIte svIkArI zakAya tevI nathI ja; te prathAe jo kAma levAya tA te sarva vizvanI prajAne eka ja nAmathI oLakhI zakAya tema che; ane tema lekhIe te vidhavidha prajAnA itihAsa AlekhavAnI AvazyaktA ja naSTa thaI jAya che. matalakha ke, uparanI sarva prazvane zaka tarIke saMmeAdhI zakAya tema nathI; ane sa bhinna bhinna che te darzAvavA te darekanA akeka rAjAnI kahe| ke akeka prajAjananI-chakhI, caherA-pAse pAse gAThavI batAvyAM che. jethI temanA caherAnI AkRti, rekhA i. kai rIte eka khojAne maLatA Ave che ke kema tenI tulanA karI levAya. bIjI viziSTatA jagannAthapurI ane bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranI racanA saMbaMdhI che. tenI tulanA karavI sugama paDe mATe, mULe je dharmanAM te mAnI zakAya ane puravAra karI zakAya tema che te dhamanAM tevAM svataMtra ane purAtattva saMbaMdhI dasya zeAdhIne sAthe sAthe mUkayAM che. ATaluM vivecana citra khAkhatamAM navIna samajI levuM rahe che. nakazAo--pUnA bhAgeAmAM jema raju karAyA che tema AmAM paNa parAkramI ke nirmaLa dareka rAjAnA rAjya vistArane khyAla turatamAM AvI jAya tevI rIte navAja ubhA karavAmAM AvyA che; darekanA rAjaamalanI sImAdarzaka mAhitI maLe te mATe vartamAna prAMtAnI hada paNa sAthe sAthe khatAvI che; te te samaye anya prAMtA upara

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20 konI sattA jAmI paDI hatI te paNa khyAla ApI dIdho che, jethI te samaye banI rahelA sarva banAvonI vihaMgadaSTie turata samaja AvI jAya. cAre khaMDamAMnA varNavAyalA vaMzanI nAmAvalI cAlu rIta pramANe, pustaka purU thatAM ekatra karIne utArI che. jyAre temanA samakAlInapaNe kayA vaMzanA kayA bhUpatio hatA te jovA mATenA vaMzavRkSanA koThAo pu. 3mAM apAyA che eTale tyAMthI najara pheravI levA vinaMti che. A pramANe pustakanI samApti thAya che. pustakanA lekhanamAM tathA citro raju karavAmAM je je graMthakartAo, lekhake athavA anya vastuonA mAlike vagerenI madadano upayoga karavo paDyo che te sarvene upakAra mAnavA rajA laIe chIe. vikramArka 1994 aSADha zukala navamI vaDodarA vidyopAsaka tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(6) prakAzakanuM nivedana karavAthI cAra bhAga (6 A vakhate paNa A bhAganuM prakAzana dhAryA pramANe samayAnusAra karI zakAyuM nathI eTale darajje kSamA tA jarUra mAMgavI ja rahe che; paraMtu vAcakagaNa taNIne khuzI thaze ke temAM amArA pramAda kAraNabhUta nathI. kemake AgaLa jaNAvyA pramANe have IMgrejI AvRtti bahAra pADavAnuM hAtha dharAyuM che ane tene prathama bhAga pragaTa paNa thaI cUkayA che. gujarAtI vibhAge pustakanA pAMca bhAga thayA che, paraMtu IMgrejI vibhAge vastu tene teja mukhyatve hAvA chatAM, keTalAka jarUrI pheraphArA thayA che eTale have tenA traNa bhAga pragaTa karavA rahe che. A uparAMta suvAsa " nAmanuM sarva sAmAnya mAsika kADhIne sAhityanI sevAmAM ame jha MpalAvyuM che. tenA traNa aMka bahAra paNa paDI cUkayA che. A e kAraNane laIne gujarAtI pustakane traNeka mahinA asura thaI che. vAcakavargane prArthanA karIe chIe ke temanA taraphathI sarva zakaya sahakAra, sahAnubhUti ane sahAya amArA sAhasamAM temanA taraphathI maLatI raheze. AkhAye pustakanA have pAMca bhAga thayA che eTale bhale amane kharcanA kheAjo vadhe che chatAM je je grAhakAe peAtAnAM nAme noMdhAvI amArA sAhasanI kadara karI che temane te cAra bhAganI je kiMmata rAkhI hatI tene teja kiMmate eTale rUA. 20)vIsamAM ApavAnA chIe; je pheraphAra karyA che te eTaleA ja ke AgaLamAM jAhera karI gayA pramANe vadhArAnA bhAganI aMdhAI ane paracuraNa kharca maLI nAmanA eka rUpIA levAnuM TharAvyuM che. eTale ke pAMce bhAga temane rUA. 21) ekavIsamAM maLe che ema gaNavuM. jyAre havethI navA thanAra grAhaka mATe paNa ADuM avaLuM kAI dheAraNa na rAkhatAM eka ja rIta TharAvI che ke temane AkhA seTa rUA. rA sADIbAvIse ApavA; matalakha ke jema cAra bhAga hatA tyAre chUTaka kiMmata rUA. 25) hatI ane AkhA seTa lenArane te upara 20% kamIzananA kApI ApI rUA. 20) letA hatA tema have pAMca bhAganI chUTaka kiMmata rUA. 30) che ane uparanA hisAbe 20% kApI ApatAM rUA. 24) thAya tene khadale 22aa mAM AkhA seDha ApavAnuM TharAvyuM che. alamata eTalI sarata sAthe ke, teoe pAMcamA bhAga pragaTa thAya tyAMsudhImAM nAma noMdhAvI levuM joIe; tyArabAda dheAraNu pramANe rUA. 24) cAvIsa gaNavA raheze. A sivAya vizeSa kAMi kahevA paNuM nathI. atamAM je je pustakanA, sAdhanAnA, -vyaktigata ke saMsthAonI mAlikInA-kiMcita yA mATA pramANamAM A prakAzana parave upayAga karAyA che te sarvenA aMtaHkaraNa pUrvaka AbhAra mAnIe chIe, eja vinaMti. vaDAdarA : rAvapuza 1994 azADa sudra 9 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat sevakA zazikAnta enDa kuM. nA snehavaMdana www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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citra paricaya nIcenA varNanamAM prathama AMka citranI saMkhyA sUcaka che, bIje AMka te citrane lagata adhikAra kyA pAne A pustakamAM utAryo che te batAvavA pUrato che; sarva citrone saMkhyAnA anukrama pramANe goThavyAM che. tethI kayuM citra kayA pAne che te sahelAIthI zodhI kaDhAya tema che. keI citra tenI koI viziSTatAne aMge ADuM avaLuM mUkavuM paDayuM hoya ke eka karatAM vizeSavAra raju karavuM paDayuM hoya te te hakIkata tene paricaya ApatAM jaNAvyuM che. AgaLanI peThe A pustakamAM paNa citrone traNa vargamAM goThavavAmAM AvyAM che. (1) sAmAnya citro (2) paricchedanAM mathALAMnAM zelanacitro (3) ane rAjya vistAra batAvatA tathA anya padezika nakazAo. prathama ApaNe sAmAnya citronuM varNana karIzuM. (5) sAmAnya citra AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha kavara kalpavRkSa athavA ka9pa6manuM citra che, tenI hakIkata pu. 2 pR. 28 mAM saMpUrNa jaNAvI che te tyAMthI joI levA vinaMti che. hisTarI opha InDIyana enDa ITarna ArkITekTara mi. jemsa pharagyusana kRta pu. 1 pR. 223 ane pR. 49 mAMthI anukrame lIdhAM che. banne nice teo sAhebe "From a bas-relief at Amravati=amarAvatInA netarakAma uparathI" evI neMdha karI che. matalaba ke A banne citro amarAvatI TopanAM aMze che. temanuM varNana cheka chelle hovA chatAM mukhapRSTha levAnuM kAraNa e che ke maMgalAcaraNamAM khAsa viziSTatAsUcaka ane pUjanIya vastu hoya te raju karavAnuM durasta gaNAya che. A banne vastu te bane muddA pUrA pADe che. amArI mAnyatA pramANenuM tenA khAsa adhikAra mATe varNana pR. 37ra thI jevA vinaMti che. jyAre pharagyusana sAhebanuM asala pustaka ke jemAMthI ame A citro lIdhAM che temaNe bIjuM vizeSa varNana che ke ApyuM nathI paraMtu citradarzananA sthAna uparathI temane hetu baddhadharmanAM pirANika mArake raju karavAne ja mAtra heya ema samajAya che. 372 372 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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thI sAtamA khaMDe prathama parira chedanuM mathALAciva che. vizeSa mATe zabhacitronA adhikAranuM varNana juo. sAtamAkhaDe dvitIya parichedanuM bhacitra che. adhikAra varNana mATe zebhAnacitramAM juo. bhisA pradezano nakazo che. vizeSa adhikAra mATe nakazAnA varNanamAM juo. sAtamA khaMDanA trIjA paricchedanA zIre bhAganuM zobhanacitra che. vizeSa adhikAra mATe paricheda citra juo. AThamA khaMDane prathama pariccheda-tenuM zenacitra che. samajuti mATe tene adhikAra-vaNune juo. AThamA khaMDanA dvitIya pari chedanuM zobhanacitra che; adhikAravarNana te ThekANe apAyuM che. A pustakanI varNana maryAdAmAM nava saMvatsaro vaparAyAnuM amArI najare 106 paDayuM che. temAMnA cha saMvatsarenA pravartakenA athavA te jenAM smaraNamAM te pravatavAnuM manAyuM che temanA je caherA amane labhya-prApta thayA che te atra raju karyA che. naM. 10 11, 12 anukrame buddhadeva, mahAvIra ane IsubhagavAnanA mukhAraviMda che jemanA prAtaH smaraNIya saMvata te te dharmanA pravartaka uparathI anukrame baiddha, mahAvIra ane IsavInA nAmathI ApaNane sarva rIte jANatA thaI gayA che. eTale vizeSa kAMI na lakhatAM mAtra ATaleja ullekha karavAnI jarUriyAta dekhAya che. bAkI rahela traNa, rAjakaratI sattAnA mahorAMcitra che. temanAM nAme-nahapANa, kaniSka pahela ane caThaNa che. pR. 106 mAM kSaharATasaMvatanA vartaka tarIke nahapANanA pitA bhUmakanuM nAma lakhyuM che paraMtu kharI rIte te kSaharATanA saMvatane pravartaka te nahapANaja che. kemake bhUmake nathI kotarAvya koI zilAlekha, ke nathI paDA keI sikako, alabata eTaluM kharuM che ke tenA rAjyakALe ke jIvaMta avasthAmAM tenA putra zilAlekhamAM te saMvatane upayoga karyo che ja. eTale upayoga karanAra bhale nahapAyuM hatuM paraMtu upayoga bhUmakanI haiyAtImAM ja temaja tenA rAjyakALanI AdinA samayanI gaNatrIthIja karavAmAM AvyuM che; tethI sthApaka tarIke bhUmakanuM nAma ame ApyuM che. paraMtu tenI jAtinA aneka rAjakartAoe (mathurA pati rAjulula, seDAze, takSilA pati lIeka ane pAtike) tene upayogamAM lIdhuM hovAthI bhUmakanuM nAma te saMvatane na ApatAM, te sarvanI jJAti uparathI kSaharATa saMvata nAma ApyuM che.

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AkRti traNana naMbara pRSTha 24 kaniSka pahelAe je zaka pravartAvyeA che tenuM nAma ame kaniSka saMvata na lakhatAM kuzAna saMvata pasaMda karyuM che. niyama pramANe te pravartakanuM nAmaja joDavuM joituM hatuM. vaLI teNe paNa pAtAnA rAjyAraMbhathIja tenI Adi gaNI che. eTale A e kAraNane lIdhe kaniSka saMvatanA nAmathI te saMvatane eLakhAvavA, te vadhAre sakAraNa kahevAtaH paraMtu ame kaniSkane badale je kuzAna zabdane pasaMdagI ApI che te itihAsanuM Alekhana saraLa banAvavA puratA AzayathIja che, kemake sarve itihAsakArone kaniSka karatAM kuzAna zabda vizeSa paricita che; vaLI kaniSka zabda joDavAthI, tene kuzAnavaMzI hiMdI sattAnA Adya praNetA kadAca lekhI javAmAM Avata. jayAre kharI rIte hiMdamAM sattAdhAraka rAjakartA tarIke te te kaniSkanA pitA, jene vema-kaDasIjha khIndra tarIke oLakhAvAya che teja hatA. temaja pitAnA nAmanA ullekhamAM putrane samAveza paNa saheje thaI jAya cheja; vaLI kuzAna zabda temanI samasta jAtisUcaka che te paNa samajI levAya che tema vemanI rAjakIya adhikAranI mahattA paNa jaLavAI rahetI samajAya che. AvA trividha hetuthI ame kaniSka saMvata ne khadale ' kuzAna saMvata' nAma ApyuM che. . chelluM mhArUM caNunuM che. ANe sthApela saMvatanuM nAma caNu saMvataja ame pasaMda karyuM che. teNe jo ke saMvatane gatimAM mUkayeA che, paraMtu tenA prAraMbha kaniSka pahelAe jema peAtAnA rAyanI zarUAtathI gaNyA che tema na karatAM, peAtAnA pitA meAtike sattA adhikAra dhAraNa karyA-bhale kSatrapa tarIke, eka tAbedAra jevI sthitimAM hatA chatAM pitAnuM bahumAna jALavavA teNe rAjasUtra dhAraNa karyu-tyArathI karyAM che eTale, 'kuzAna saMvata' upara je dheAraNe ApaNI pasaMdagI utarI che te niyame caoNanI jAtinuM nAmaja tenA savata sAthe joDavuM yeAgya lAgata athavA chevaTe, teNe jema peAtAnA pitAnA nAmane AgaLa ANI batAvavA prayatna karyAM che tema ApaNe paNa tenuM anukaraNa karI 'meAtika saMvata'nuM nAma rAkhI zakata. paraMtu te banne saMjoge paDatA mUkavA paDayA che. kemake jo jAti viSayaka nAma joDayuM hota teA, caRNu pAte kuzAna jAtineAja nakhIrA hatA eTale kaniSkanA vaMza ane cadNunA vaMza ema je be bhAta paDI jAya che te dekhAvamAM na Avata; khIjuM rAjakIya mahattA te bannenI jUdI che te na samajAta (jIe A pustake pR. 205 mAM sarakhAmaNI); uparAMta sAthI pramaLa kAraNa tA e che ke, saMvata pravartaka tarIke sArvabhAma sattAnA bhAgavaTA jevuM prakhara

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AkRti varNana naMbaeNra pRSTha 25 16 117 18 19 122 thI 124 parAkrama ane sattA dhArakatA joIe te kSatrapa mAsikamAM hatI ja nahIM. eTale A kissAmAM paNa AvAM vividha kAraNuthI "caThaNa saMvata" nAma ApavAnuM amane vyAjabI lAgyuM che. uparanAM cha citramAMnA keTalAM vaNa, ame te te saMvatanA pravartakenA mAlUma paDelA sikakA uparathI ubhAM karyA che. vaLI nIce AkRtti ne 29 31 mAM juo; jyAre prathamanA traNa dharma pravartake hAI temanI pratimA uparathI nIpajAvI kADhayAM che. navamA khaMDanA prathama paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. hakIkata mATe zobhana citramAM juo. kRNa saradAra, kaniSka pahelo kuzAna, kSaharATa nahapANa ane caThaNa, A pramANe anukrama vAra temanAM citro che. pAse pAse raju karavAnuM kAraNa e che ke, sarva ItihAsakAro temane zaka che tevI ja bhaLatI jAtinA nAma ApIne varNana kaye gayA che; jyAre kharI rIte te judI judI jAtinA ja che. teonA caherA paNa koI koIne maLatA nathI. A pramANe ughADA pheraphAra temanA caherA mAtrathI paNa jaNAI Ave tema che. matalaba ke temanI bhinnatA puravAra karavAnA hetuthI A pramANe karavAmAM AvyuM che. hRNa prajAne koI cahero amane maLela na hovAthI, te prajAnI khAsIyata che (juo pu. 3. pR. 390 TI. 21 tathA A pustake pU. 123 nuM varNana) jANavAmAM AvI che te uparathI eka niSNAta kaLAkAra pAse cItarAvIne utAryo che. jyAre bAkInA traNa temanA sikkA uparathI ubhA karyA che. (sikkAcivanAM varNana mATe pu. 2 mAM temanA sikakA juo) naM. 19 ane 20nI arasaparasanI sarakhAmaNInA varNana mATe pR. 198 thI 202 jue. kaDaphasIjha pahelAnuM sikkAcitra, kaDapha sIjha bIjAnI mUrti, tathA tenuM sikakA citra; ema vaNa anukramavAra dekhAze. kuzAnavaMzI rAjAonuM varNana AlekhatA hovAthI temanAM citro bane teTalAM meLavIne batAvavAno hetu che. kaDaphasIjha bIjAnI mUrti maLI AvI che kharI, paraMtu mAtra te dhaDarUpe ja hovAthI, caherAno dekhAva ke anya khUbIo temAMthI nIkaLI zakatI nathI. mAtra temane paheraveza kevo hato tathA rAjA tarIke zuM rAjacinha dhAraNa karAtAM hatAM tene khyAla meLavI zakAya che. eTale caherA jevI vastunuM jJAna levA mATe temanA sikkA-citrothI ja 21 137). 22 140 4 23 146] . Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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26 28 182 AkRti varNana nabaMra pRSTha saMteSa le rahe che. sikakAnA varNana mATe pu. 2 mAM sikkAcitra naM. 87, 88, juo. 24 147 navamA kheDe dvitIya paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. te mATe te viSaye juo. 25 167) anukrame vika, kaniSka bIjo ane vAsudeva pahele te traNenA sikakA citro che. pratyekanA varNana mATe pu. 2 mAM temanA sikakA varNana juo. 27 177) teo rAjakartA thayela hovAthI temane zaherA raju karavAno ja mAtra hetu che, uparAMta vizeSa varNana temanA jIvanacaritra joI levuM. vAsudeve pitAne kuLadharma palaTaye hatuM te tenA sikakAciva (avaLI bAjunuM juo) thI spaSTa tarI Ave che. navamA kheDe tRtIya paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. tenI hakIkata mAM juo. 29 197) naM. 29 kaniSka bIjAnI mUti-kevaLa dhaDaja cheH caSThaNanuM sikkA 30 198 citra naM. 30 mAM che jyAre naM. 31 caThaNanuM dhaDa che. kaniSkanI sAthe ubhI 31 198). rAkhela caThaNanI mUrti je mATa gAmethI maLI AvI hatI te atre raju karI che. bannene cahero raju karyo hato, paraMtu bannenI mUtinAM kevaLa dhaDa ja maLI AvyAM che, eTale AkRti naM. 22 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe pizAkane tathA rAjadvArI cihno dhAraNa karavAnI paddhatine ja citAra maLI zake che. khUbI e levAnI che ke A prajAne lagatI rAjAomAMnI jeTalI mUtio prApta thaI che te sarve (vema-kaDaphasIjha AkRti naM 22. kaniSka bIjo AkRti naM. 29; adyApi paryata evuM jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI-kahoke nizcita paNe sAbita karAyuM nathI--ke be kaniSka thayA che eTale vidvAnoe Ane sAmAnya rIte kaniSkanI mUrti tarIke ja oLakhAvI che. jyAre have ApaNe puravAra karI batAvyuM che ke kaniSka nAmanA be rAjAo thayA che. temAMye A mUrti kaniSka bIjAnI ja hevA saMbhava che tethI ApaNe tenI sAthe te vizeSaNa joDayuM che) tathA caThaNa AkRti naM. 31; ema traNa ja mUrti sAMpaDI che. ane te traNe uparathI mAthAM uDI gayAM hoya evI sthitimAM ja maLI Avela che. eTale jema ApaNe pu. 1nA mukhacitra, sarasvatI devInA dhaDa upara te te samayanI anya devInA mukhacitro uparathI eka cahere cItarI kaDhAvI tenA upara besate karI, akhaMDa citra banAvI kADhayuM che tema A rAjA vema ane kaniSka bIjAnA sikakAcitra uparathI temanA caherA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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AkRti varNana naMbera pRSTha. 32 207 koI sArA kaLAkAra pAse citaravI te dhaDa upara goThavI daI rahyuM karavAnuM hatuM paraMtu te vastu labhya na hovAthI temanI saMpUrNa caherA sAthenI mUrtio upajAvI kaDhAya tema nathI; jethI atyAre te AvAM dhaDathI ja saMteSa dhara rahe che. caSThaNanA pitra rUdradAmananuM sikkAcitra che. tenuM varNana atyAra sudhI bahAra paDI gayela traNamAMthI ekake pustakamAM karavAmAM AvyuM nathI. kemake atyAra sudhI caThaNanA vaMzanA koi sattAdhIzane rAjyAdhikAra ALekhavA ja dhAryo nahoto; je goThavaNa karI rAkhI hatI te eTalA ja puratI ke caThaNa saMvatane samaya nakkI paNe prathama sAbita karI batAvavo ane pachI tenA samarthanamAM aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAene meLa jAmI jate siddha karI Apa (juo pR. 220 thI 223 sudhI varNavAyelA ATha muddAo ); have eka pagaluM AgaLa bharavA vicAra thaI AvavAthI temanAM jIvanacaritra dAkhala karavAmAM AvyAM che. paraMtu navI AvRtti karavAno samaya Avaze te temAM sikkA citranA varNanane rItasara sthAna ApavAmAM Avaze. bAkI atyAre te sikkAcitra najare joIne ja tathA te sarva rIte caThaNanA sikakAne maLatuM Ave che eTaluM jANIne ja, aTakI javuM rahe che. uparamAM navakhaMDa sudhI lagatAM citrono samAveza thaI jAya che. have dazamAkhaMDane prAraMbha thAya che. temAM hAthIguMpha ane rAjA khAravelanuM varNana Ave che. jema temAMnI aneka gerasamajUtio dUra karavAne vistAra pUrvaka vivecana karavAnI jarUra paDI che tema te kathanane sAbita karanArAM aneka prakAranAM prAcIna zi95-da paNa raju karavAnI AvazyakatA dekhAya che ja. eTale temAM keTalAMka A rAjA khAravelanA cedi vaMzanA samaya sivAyanAM citro paNa dekhAze eTaluM jaNAvI daIe. dazama khaMDe prathama pariSada) dazama kheDe dvitIya pariccheda - A traNe mathALAcitranAM varNana mATe dazama khaMDe tRtIya paricacheda) paricacheda citranI hakIkata juo. hAthIguphAnuM citra che. je vastune lIdhe A guphAnuM nAma paDI gayuM che ane jene guphAnA pravezadvAre ja khaDakamAMthI kotarI kADhI ubhe karI batAvavAmAM Ave che te hAthI paNa sApha dekhADavAmAM A che. temAM kaLAnI daSTie khAsa kAMI seMdhavA jevuM nathI paraMtu te jamAnAmAM paNa AvaDA moTA kadanAM prANu, AvI moTI gaMjAvara khaDamAMthI 33 227 34 252 35 275 36 275 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha 37 316 38 369 39 40 41 369 4ra 33 jarApaNa khADakhApaNa vinA suDALa kAtarI kADhanAra kArIgaro paNa astitva dharAvatA hatA eTaluM teA A uparathI turata samajI zakAya che ja, A hAthI kANe kAtarAvyA che tathA tyAM ubhA karavAnA hetu zuM che te mATe pu. 2, pR. 363-4 mAM dheAlI-jAguDAnA lekhanuM varNana jue. vaLI gukAnI aMdaranA lekha mATe A pustake rAjA khAravelanA vRttAMte hakIkata lakhAI gaI che. A hAthI samrATa priyadarzinanA paiAlI zilAlekhanA mathALe ubhA karAyala che. 28 mahAvijaya prAsAda; amarAvatI tupa. Ane lagatuM saMpUrNa varNana A pustake apAyuM che. atre te mAtra eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM rahe che ke A amarAvatI stUpa vALA AkhAya dhanakaTaka pradeza IsavIsananI pUrve be traNa sadI sudhI jaina dharmAMnuyAyIothI bharacaka vasAyalA hatA eTale je je purAtattvanAM avazeSo te samayanAM tyAMthI maLI Ave che, te save aiAddhadharmAMnAM nahIM paNa jainadharmanAM ja sabavI zake che. anukrame pArzvanAtha ane caumukhanau pratimAo che. A banne mUrti e jainAnI che. naM 37 vALA dhanakaTaka pradezamAMthIja te paNa khAdI kADhavAmAM AvI che. vaLo naM. 37 nA jevA eka stUpa i. sa. 1929 mAM tyAMthI maLI Avye che ema madrAsa gavarameTa phomyunIka tA-30-12-ra9 thI jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che. AthI ApaNA dorelAM anumAnane vizeSa puSTi maLe che. Ane lagatuM keTaluMka varNana pu.1,pR. 153 mAM AkRti na. 20, 21nA zISa kamAM apAyalu che. caraNa pAdukA ane caraNapUjA mukha pRSTha uparanAM hAsika rahasya A phIne raju karavAmAM AvyAM che. saMpUrNa lakhela che eTale vizeSa lakhavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. jagannAthapurImAM vizvamadira tarIke (jue nIcenI AkRti naM. 45) je oLakhAI rahyuM che temAM padharAvelI trimUrtino chabI che. maMdiranI khAMdhaNI tathA mAhya racanA nIcenI AkRti na. 44mAM darzAvela bhujanezvaranA maMdirane maLatAM Ave che jyAre mUti che te bhisATApavALA pradezamAMthI maLI Avela trimUrti (jue kaniMgahAma kRta dhI lisATopsa pustake pleITa naM. 22nuM citra)nI Abehuba pratikRti rUpa che. tene sarva adhikAra vistArathI A pustakamAM varNavAyA che te tyAMthI vAMcI levA. atre te sArarUpa jaNAvavAnuM ke te maMdira vartamAnakALe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat A be citrA che temanuM aitisthAne AvatuM heAvAthI atre vigatanA nirdiSTa pRSTha upara www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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AkRti varNana nakhara pRSTha 43 327 44 325 45 329 46 334 47 35 29 vaidika dharmonuM manAya che paraMtu tenA prAcIna itihAsamAM utaratAM te anyathA mAlUma paDe che. triratna tarIke je oLakhAvAya che te cinhA rantu karyA che. teneA artha vidvAnAe AddhadharmanAM pratIkasamA The Buddha, the Law and the Order buddhadeva, cakra ane saMgha; ema karyAM che. paraMtu temane kAtarAvanAra anya matAnuyAyI hAvAthI te pramANe tenA atha karavA vAstivika lekhAze nahIM. bhuvanezvara gAmamAM AveluM bhuvanezvara tarIke oLakhAtuM maMdira che. bAhya dekhAvamAM uparanA naM. 41mAM raju karelA trimUrtivALA jagannanAtha purImAMnA vizvamadirane (AkRti na. 45 jIe) maLatuM Ave che; A sthAna pAse ja rAjA khAravelanA lekhavALI hAthIzukra Avela che. naM. 41vALI trimUrti je maMdiramAM padharAvavAmAM AvI che ane jyAM dareka varSe, TharAvela amuka divase, bharAtA meLAmAM sArAye bhAratavarSamAMthI yAtrike darzanArthe Ave che te vizvamaMdiranuM citra che. tene traNa maMDapa che, tathA pravezadvAre siMha geAThavyA che; jenA cAgAnamAM yAtrikA bhegA maLe che tadhA mahA prAda vaheMcavAmAM Ave che; jene yAtrikA vinAsaMkoce nAta jAtanA bheda sivAya AnaMdapUrvaka AregIne peAtAne pavitra thayelA-jIvatarane dhanya thayeluM-mAne che. A ceAgAnamAM eka arUNastaMbha ubhA karelA najare paDe che. A maMdiranI racanA, trimUrti nA itihAsa, tathA staMbha ubhA karavAnI prathA tathA tene lagatI anya mAhitI vize khUba vistArapUrvaka varNana A pustake apAI gayuM che te vAMcI javuM ( staMbha mATe vizeSa adhikAra nIcenI A. naM. 46 jue ). arUNastaMna : AkRti na. 45nA prAMgaNamAM je staMbha ubhA karazayala najare paDe che te arUNustaMbhanA nAme oLakhAya che. tenA jevA staMbhe, dakSiNa hiMdamAM Avela khastI nAme oLakhAtAM jainamardAnA ceAkamAM paNa I. sa.nI pAMcamI sadI AsapAsanA samayathI ubhA karAtA AvyA che. tene mAnastaMbha kahetA, temAMnA eka (jue AkRti na. 47) atre sarakhAmaNI karavA hIsTarI opha inDIana enDa IsTana ArkITekacaramAMthI utAce che. mAnarataMbha : AkRti naM, 46nI sAthe vigatavAra sarakhAmaNI karI zakAya te mATe anna darzAvyA che. naM. 46 tathA na pheraphAranuM varNana rR. 334mAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. 47nA dekhAtA

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AkRti varNana nakhara pRSTha 48 314 49 344 50 345 51 da 362 para 53 54 55 AgaLa 56 thI 13 56 3 thI 28 14 30 dazamA khaMDe caturtha paricchedanuM mathALA citra che. zAzana citra jue. dazamA khaDe paMcama paricchedanuM mathALAcitra che. zAbhana citre jue. trikaliMga dezanA nakazA ApyA che. rAja khAravezcanA rAjyAdhikAre jeTale pradeza hatA ane jene trikaliMganA nAme vidvAnAe oLakhAvyA che tene kAMIka khyAla ApavA mATe khAsa banAvyeA che. vAstavikamAM te rAjA khAravelanA trikaliMga A nakazAmAM darzAvela kRSNAnadInA taTa pAsethI na aTakatAM, vartamAnanA TheTha dakSiNe Avela madurA zahera ke khalke tethI paNa dUra dakSiNa sudhI lakhAyala hateA. (jue AgaLa uparanI AkRti naM. 63 ) rAta khAravelanA jIvanacaritranI aneka kSetrIya sarakhAmaNI priyadazinanA taddezIya sthiti sAthe karela hovAthI, bannenAM maheArA rajI karavA icchA hatI. paraMtu temAMnA ekanuM ja mahepha maLI AvatuM hAvAthI teja mAtra rajI karIne kRtkRtya banyAnA sateSa dharavA rahe che. 1 saMkisApIlara : tirasphuTapIlara nahupANupIlara ane gAtamIputra pIlara; ema cAra staMbheA anukramavAra darzAvyA che. temanuM varNana chevaTanA bhAge joDela pirizaSTamAM vistRtapaNe ApavAmAM AvyuM che. te tyAMthI joI letrA vinati che. : AThe nakazA navA banAvIne joDayA che. tenA adhikAra mATe nakazA citronI samajUti vALI hakIkata jue. (ba) nakazA vizenI samajUti bhilsAne stUpapradeza khatAnyeA che. AnuM keTaluMka varNana pu. 1 mAM pR. 188 upara apAi gayuM che. (jIe pu. 1, prastAvanA pR. 46 uparanA nakazA; AMka 4nuM varNana). atra vizeSamAM eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM ke te sthAnamAM jaina dharmanA aMtima tIrthaMkara zrImahAvIranA jIvanane sparzatI aneka ghaTanAo banI gaI che tethI te sthAnane jainadharmI mATe eka tIrthadhAma che ema kahIe te paNa cAle. rAjA gaMdharvasena gardabhIle sarasvatI sAdhvIne herAna karavAthI AcAya kAlikasUrie pArasakuLa (paziomAM) jaI zaka praznane teDI lAvI tene zikSA karavA mana upara lIdhuM hatuM. te zaka prajAe siMdha ane saiArASTramAM thANuAM nAkhI tene kabaje karI lIdhA hatA. cAmAsu pUruM thaye avaMti jIjye

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AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha 3. 57 40 hato. rAjA gardabhIla kyAMya nAsI gayo hato. aMtima zakapatie, gabhIlane madada karanAra ariSTakarNa zAtakaNInI pAchaLa paDatAM, nIjhAmI rAjyanA koIka jaMgalamAM prANa gumAvyA che. AthI karIne uttarahiMdamAM InDopArthIana zahenazAha ajhIjha pahelAnuM, pazcima hiMdamAM zakapationuM ane dakSiNa-pUrvahiMdamAM zAtakaraNIonuM rAjya sthApita thayAnuM najare paDaze. navAI jevuM e che ke ajhIjha pahelAne gadaMbhIla avaMtipati upara phateha meLavavAne mekko thayo hovA chatAM teNe kAMIja hilacAla karI nathI; jyAre hiMda bahArathI zaka prajAe AvIne madhyama tathA pazcima hiMdane kabaje laI prajApIDananA kAryamAM avadhI karI dIdhI hatI. zakAri vikramAdityane rAjya vistAra batAve che. jyAM jyAM zaka prajAnuM rAjya hatuM tyAM tyAM zakArine davaja pharakavA mAMDe che eTale vistAranI dRSTie naM. 5danA nakazAnI ja sthiti jaLavAI rahe che. je phera thavA pAmyo che te mAtra lekamAnasa paratvene ja che. te bhAganI prajA, je rAtrInA ujAgarA jevI sthitimAM tathA hatheLImAM jIva laIne pharyA karatI hatI. te have zAMta mane ane sthira citte rahetI hatI; kudaratI uMghanA samaye nirbhaya thaIne sUe che tathA ullAsamAM jIvanagALI potAnA tAraNahArane saMvata calAve che. zakAri vikramAdityanA patra ane paMjAba taraphanI daMtakathAmAM jANItA thayela vikamacaritra-gadaMbhane rAjya vistAra batAvela che. koNa jANe tenA nazIba hoya ke pArthiane prajAne nazIbe hoya; paraMtu IDo pArthIana zahenazAha gAMDApharanesane hiMdamAMthI ucALA bharavA paDelA hovAthI je bhUmi upara pathAro karIne te paDa hato te sarve A vikamacaritranI hakumatamAM AvI paDela dekhAya che. dakSiNapati caMdravaMzIo te gabhIlavaMzanA mitro-zubhecchako ane sAcA sahAyaka hovAthI temane mulaka teTale ne teTale eka sadI sudhI nirbhaya sthiti anubhavate, emane ema AbAdI bhogavI rahyo che. uparAMta nahapANu kSaharATanA samaye tenA jamAI rUSabhadatte temane rAjagAdIne tyAga karavAnI, je pharaja pADI hatI te kalaMkane bhUMsI nAMkhI, temaNe potAnI rAjagAdI pAchI piThaNanagare lAvI mUkI hatI. eTale ke sArAye hiMdamAM hiMduprajA A samaye jeTalI sukhI ane AnaMdI hatI tevI AgaLa pAchaLanA pacAsa pacAsa varSa sudhI nahatI ja. 58 53

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AkRti varNana nakhara pRSTha 59 150 60 17ma 61 197 3ra uttara hiMdanI pravtae aDadhI sadI sudhI mukti meLavI, punaHparadezI rAjakartAnI aMsarI anicchAe svIkArI lIdhI dekhAya che. temAM temane pazcAtApanuM kAraNa maLyuM lAgatuM nathI; kemake rAjA kaniSka khar3A sAhasika, kaDaka mIjAjI temaja dRDha nizcayI heAi, tenA rAjya amale hiMdI prajA pUrvanI peThe ja sukhI banI rahI che. teNe avaMtinA ja pradeza mAtra rahevA daI gardabhIla vaMzIonA hAthamAMthI sarva mUlaka paDAvI laI, te upara kSatrapa meAtikanA hAthamAMsattAsUtra sAMpyAM hatAM.teja pramANe peAtAnA mitro-gabhIla vaMzInI nakhaLAineA lAbha aMdhrapatiee paNa gheADA lIdheA che. kahevata che ke ugatAne sarva kAi name ane AthamatAnI avagaNanA kare; te anusAra aghrapatie sArva bhAga sanAdarzaka, vikramasaMvatane tyAga karI peAtAnA zaka saMvata paNa calAvavA mAMDayeA che. kaniSka bIjo, tenA dAdA kaniSka pahelAnA jeve parAkramI te naheAtA ja; paraMtu zAMticAhaka tathA ekadama udAravRttinA hovAtho raiyatane te nirbhayapaNuM ja khakSAyuM hatuM. sAthe sAthe peAtAnA saradAro upara paNa rahemIyata batAvI, svataMtratA arpI hAvAthI, kSatrapa caNDaNa je have mahAkSatrapa banavA pAmyA hatA teNe avaMtinA gardabhIleAne haThAvI karI pote 'rAjA' pada dhAraNa karI lIdhuM hatuM. temaja dakSiNApathapatienuM gumAna teDI nAMkhavAne paNa vAra lagADI naheAtI. eTale sudhI ke temane peAtAnA rAjanagara vaiNanA tyAga karI dakSiNamAM haThI javuM paDayuM hatuM ke je samaya bAda tee pAchuM mAthuM ucakavA ja pAmyA nathI. jethI AkhA hiMdamAM beja sattAnI kaDedhaDejare dekhAya che. uttaramAM kuzAnAnI; ane madhya, pazcima tathA pUrva hiMdanA mATA bhAga upara caSThavaMzIonI. A pramANenI sthiti rUdradAmananA samaye paNa jaLavAI rahI che eTale tene mATe svataMtra noA cItarI batAvavAnI AvazyakatA rahI nathI. paraMtu kaniSka bIjAnuM ramaraNa thatAM tene putra vAsudeva pahele mathurApati thayA ke pAchI raiyata upara manAtI beThI che. himAlayanI taLeTIvALA pradezamAMthI guptavaMzIe doDI AvyA che ne pagadaMDo meLavavA mathI rahyA che. tathA paMjAba kAzmira kuzAnanI sattAmAMthI khasI jaIne svataMtra thai gayA che. bIjI khAju rUdradAmananA maraNa bAda tenA vaMzajo, jo ke jhaLakayA teA nathI ja, chatAM ekadama nirya paNa nIvaDyA nathI. eTale prajAne

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AkRti vana naMbera pRSTha 33 62 243 herAnagatI jevuM paNa nahotuM. paraMtu sarva divase koInA sarakhA jatA nathI. te ukti pramANe kuzanavaMzIone nirmULa karI nAkhI guptavaMzI e avaMtino kArabhAra hAthamAM lIdho che; jyAM jyAM teo gayA che tyAM tyAM dharmakrAMti upajAvI che. paraMtu temanA kAMDe baLa hevAthI zAMti sthApatA gayA che. temane samaya ApaNI kSetramaryAdA bahAra jate hevAthI ApaNuM mATe te apazya rahyo che. A pramANe Isa.nA prAraMbha sudhI pahoMcI gayA pachI vaLI, I.sa. pU. nI pAMcamI sadImAM pravartI rahela rAjyasthitinAM darzana karavA utaravuM paDe che. magadhapati naMdivardhana-naMda pahelAne, potAnA saradAra-svAmI muMdanA samaye aMdhAdhUdhI je prasaravA mAMDI hatI tene sabaLa hAthe dAbI devAnI pharaja paDe che. paraMtu jema pate naMdavaMzanI sthApanA karI che temaja eka cerIvaMzI kSemarAja nAmanA saradAre mAthuM ucakIne teja samaye potAnA vaMzano uddhAra karI kaliMgapati tarIke udghoSaNA karI che. naMdivardhane lagAma hAtha karI te pahelAM, je keTaloka mulaka kSemarAje magadhanI sattAmAMthI jhuMTavI lIdhuM hatuM te pAcho meLavavA teNe kaliMgajina mUtine bahAne mathAmaNa te ghaNI karI hatI paraMtu kSemarAja bhAre mAthAne dekhAvAthI kevaLa mUrtinuM ja apaharaNa karI, potAnA nAkanuM TeravuM uMcuM rAkhI teNe potAnuM dhyAna uttara, pazcima ane madhyahiMdamAM ja zAMti sthApavA tarapha rokI rAkhavuM paDayuM hatuM. eTale pUrva hiMdanA kinArAnA moTA bhAga upara tathA kaliMga orisAnA prAMte upara kSemarAjanI sattA jAmI paDI hatI, jemAM tenA putra vRddhirAjanA samaye vRddhi thayA karI hatI jyAre hiMdanA bAkI rahetA bhAga upara naMdivardhana pahelAnuM eka chatrI rAjya tapI rahyuM hatuM. magadhapati naMda pahele tathA bIje; te benuM rAjya zAMtipUrvaka cAlyA bAda, pAchuM tyAM aMdhera vartavA mAMDayuM hatuM. te vakhate dakSiNa hiMdamAM vRddhirAjanA putra khAravelanuM rAjya sthApita thaI gayuM hatuM. teNe pitAnA dAdA kSemarAjanA samaye harAI gayelI kaliMgajIta mUtine pelA naMdIvardhananA vaMzaja AThamA naMda bahaspatimitra pAsethI pAchI meLavI hatI ane tene potAnA page namAvI, samrATa gaNAtA magadhapatinuM pANI utArI nAkhI pite cakravatI khAravela banI, kaliMgapatine ke vagaDAvyuM hatuM. pachI te dakSiNa hiMdamAM paNa TheTha kanyAkumArI sudhI mulako jItI, zAMti prasarAvI trikaliMgAdhipati paNa banI beThe hate. 67 354 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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AkRti varNana naMbara pRSTha 34 bhUmikRSNAne pite tAbe na thayA hovAthI, paraMtu ulaTI tene gulAma banAvI dIdhI hovAthI, uttara hiMdamAM keTaloka samaya bhale geravyavasthA jAmI gaI hatI temaja pote sarva zaktimAna thaye hato chatAM te tarapha mITa paNa mAMDI nathI; eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu potAnA hAthe ja jItI lIdhela, caMdravaMzI, celA, pallava ane paDaya rAjAone paNa, temanA svaadhikAre pAchA sthAyI temanA upara pitAnI ANa besArI dIdhI hatI. eTale te samaye uttara hiMdamAM magadhapati navamAnaMdanI ane dakSiNamAM khAravela trikaliMgAdhipatinI, ema beja mukhya rAjasattA hatI. tenA samaya bAda pAchuM banne ThekANe parivartana thavA mAMDayuM che ane sarva hiMda upara Arya samrATa caMdraguptano zAsanakALa tapate hovAne divasa hiMdI ItihAsane neMdha paDa che. rAjA khAravelane zAsanakALa, tenA rAjya vistAranI agatyatAnA karatAM hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM varNavAyela kaliMgajInI mUrtinA ItihAsa mATe vadhAre prakhyAtIne pAmyo che tathA khAsa yAdagAra banI gayA che eTalI neMdha je na levAya te tenI dhArmika valaNane anyAya karyo kahevAze. (6) zobhana citronI samajAti sasama khaMDa prathama paricheda -jyAre avadazA gherAya che tyAre manuSyavRttio bahera mArI jAya che. sarasvatI jevI sAthvIne rAjA gardabhIlanA mANaso bada dAnatathI upADI jAya che. kAlikasUri mUMjhAIne zaka nI madada le che. zake kAlikasUrinI sUcanAthI gadaMbhIla je bhUkaNa avAja kADhI tenI maMtrasiddhithI duzmanane mArI zakato tenuM moTuM baMdha karIne tene harAve che. chevaTe rAjA salAha mATe mAMgaNI kare che. dvitIya pariccheda -rAjA udAyane jainadharma aMgIkAra karI potAnI gAdI pitAnA bhANejane ApI sAdhu jIvana lIdhuM. tenA bhANeje rAjyakartAne na zobhe te prajA sAthe vartAva sAthe. udAyana sAdhu rAjadhAnImAM sodha karavA AvelA temane teNe khorAkamAM jhera ApI mArI nAkhavA prayatna karyA. gadaMbhIlano nAza karanAra zake chevaTe paradezIo hatA teo prajA sAthe bahu ja kUratAthI vartatA. eTale vikamAditye temanI sAme thaIne teone nAza karyo. zrI mahAvIranA smaraNa, dravya dIpakanI goThavaNI karavAmAM AvI hatI. tRtIya paricheda -vikamAditya zANe ane vidyApriya rAjavI hatA. te prajAnA sukha mATe bhayaMkaramAM bhayaMkara sthAnomAM pharato. bhale bhayaMkara bhUtAvaLo hoya ke kALI rAtri hoya. teNe vedhazALAnI paNa sthApanA karI hatI.

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aSTama khaMDa paricheda pahelo -vijayI rAjA vIravikama gAdIpatI che. kALanA vaheNamAM mUkAelI saMvatsara dIpikA vIravikramanuM hajIya smaraNa karAve che. mahAvIra svAmInA nirvANa pachI zarU thayela saMvata, zaradatrAtamAM vikasatA, ziziramAM karamAtA kamaLa puSpa jema dekhA de, adabdha thAya tema ItihAsamAM dekhAya che. dvitIya paricheda-samrATa priyadazine ghaNuM deza jItI laIne tyAM potAnI sattA prasArI hatI. bhUtakALanI gUphA ujALanAra dIpaka jevA ghaNAya saMvate eka savatamAM bhaLI jaI jyoti pragaTAvI jAya che ane prajA tene samAne che. navama khaMDa prathama pariccheda-paradezamAM rahetI DuMgarALa prajA ane hiMdamAM vasatI zAMti priya prajA, baMne vacce cAlu vikhavAda thayA ja karatA hatA. teo svabhAve temaja khAsI yate dareka bAbate judA ja hatA. dvitIya paricheda -rAjA kaniSka pitAnA rAjyane TheTha himAlayanI uttara sudhI laI jAya che. cInAonI talavAra tene asara nathI karI zakatI. chevaTe vijayI thayA chatAMe te koI ajANyA sinikanA hAthe mRtyu pAme che ane te paNa pitAnI rAjadhAnIthI ghara. tRtIya pariccheda -caThaNa avaMti jItI le che ne rAjAnuM birUda dhAraNa kare che. mULa tene mulaka to madhya eziyAne DuMgare hatA jenI baMne bAjue susaMskRta phaLadrupa mulaka hate. dazama khaMDa prathama pariccheda -vAMsanA vananA chedanathI chedi zabda cedimAM rUpAMtara pAmyo hoya ema kahevAya che. rAjA karakaMDu bhAgyanA baLe rAjya pAme che, hAthaNuM ja tenA bhAgyane aMjali Ape che. jainadharma prajAmAM pracAra pAmato jAya che. dvitIya paricheda -magadhapati naMdarAjAe rAjA khAravelanA vaMzajene priya evI jana mUrtinuM haraNa kareluM tene prayatna karIne chevaTe meLave che ne pote kRtakRtya thAya che. tRtIya paricheda -rAjA khAravele kRSNA nadInI pAra Avela sAtakaraNI rAjAne harA ne pIcho pakaDayo. duSkALathI pIDAtI prajAne bacAvavA naMda rAjAe baMdhAvela gaMgAnI naherano vikAsa karIne rAjA khAravele TheTha pitAnI rAjadhAnI sUdhI lAvI dIdhI che.

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36 caturtha pariccheda -duSkALanA vakhatamAM paNa rAjA khAravele pustakedvAranI pravRttithI lokomAM jJAnanuM mahatva vadhAreluM. je mUti viSe khaTarAga thayA karato hato te jagannAthajInI mUti hovAnuM manAyuM che. dharmasthApanA mATe teNe amarAvatImAM stUpa paNa baMdhAvyo che. paMcama paricheda -viSakanyA vaka grIvane maLe tevI cANakaya goThavaNa kare che tenA hAthanA sparzathI ja vakagrIva mRtyune zaraNa thAya che ne maiye vijayI thaIne TheTha laMkA sudhI ke gajAve che.

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viSaya samama khaMDa prathama pariccheda gardabhIla vaMza nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLI jANavAmAM AvelI zodhIne sudhArelI vaMzanI utpatti tathA kuLa (1) rAjA gaMdharvasenanuM jIvana vRttAMta dvitIya pariccheda InTareganama-aMtarkALa thaka prajA-khAsiyatA, I. temanA rAjAe tathA rAjaamala vidizA, bhissA tathA ujjainI vize puSpapura nagara vizenI mAhitI tRtIya pariccheda ga bhIla vaMza (cAlu) (ra) rAjA zaMku ane zakAra vikramAditya; tenA saMvatsaranI AdinI vicAraNA vedhazALA tathA sikkAnA AraMbha tenuM rAjadvArI jIvana; vidhavidha dRSTie (7) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) vikrama caritra temanA rAjyavistArane vivAda (6 thI 10) zeSa rAjAone! TUMka hevAla ama khaMDa prathama pariccheda samaya-kALagaNanA (1) mahAvIra saMvata (2) kSaharATa saMvata (3) cedi saMvata (4) vikrama saMvata Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat anukrama pRththaka 3 7 10 12 1 *** 32 36 38 42 viSaya pRSThazaMka 65 zakAri vikramAdityanI vicAraNA paMdara vikramAdityanAM tAravaNI tathA cAlaNa 79 saMvatsaranI gaNatrImAMnI keTalIka viTaMbaNA 85 dvitIya pariccheda samaya-kALagaNanA(cAlu) kara (5) mAlava saMvata (6) zaka saMvata-zabdanA bhinna bhinna artha 95 tenA sthApaka ane samaya vize 98 judA judA saMvatanI tulanA saMvatsara|nI pherabadalI karavAnI rIta navama khaMDa phaeNzAna vaMza prathama pariccheda nAmAvaLI tathA samAvaLI hiMda bahAranA rAttAdhArI tarIke phaDasIjha pahele kaDasIjha bIjo; vema 51 (3) viSNu pa dvitIya pariccheda (4) kaniSka bIjo (5) vAsudeva pahelA (6 thI 13) anya ATha rAjA OM tRtIya pariccheda caNuvaMzI kSatra temanA zakanI samajUti 10 109 (1) kaniSka pahelA 142 tenI rAjanIti, dharma tathA rAjyavistAra 1para vicAravA yeAgya tAravI kADhelA ATha muddA| 159 Arya anAryanA bhedanI samajUti (2) vAsiSka; vaseSDa, jISka 164 16 167 tenA samaya vizenI muzkelIonI vicAraNA 169 170 177 150 120 130 41 1kv www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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viSaya pRSThaka viSaya pRSThaka (1) bratika 193 temAM thatI gerasamajUtione samajAvela marma 279 (2) cakaNa 194 caturtha paricheda nahapANa tathA cakraNanI sarakhAmaNI 198 kSatrapa, mahAkSatranA adhikAra vize 202 rAjA khAravela (cAlu); hAthIguphAnA lekhanI carcA 314 cazaka ane kuzAnakano taphAvata 205 duSkALane prasaMga ane pustakeddhArane saMbaMdha 315 (3) jayadAmana (4) rUdradAmana 207 mahAvinyaprAsAda vizenI mAhitI 316 sudarzana taLAvanA artha vize 208 kaliMgajInI mUrtine ItihAsa ane te upara prakAza 321 jaina dharmanAM tIrthasthaLo vize kAMIka 228 sAta tIrthadhArmonI vyAkhyA 338 keTalIka cAlu AvatI ghaTanAo 339 dazama khaMDa cedi vaMza paMcama pariccheda prathama paricacheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) cedi vaMzanI utpatti tathA vibhAge 229 trikaliMganuM svarUpa 345 (1) kSemarAja 238 tenuM sAmAjIka jIvana ane rAjyavistAra 351 rAjyavistAra tathA rAjadhAnInI carcA 24ra priyadarzina sAthenI tenI karelI tulanA 361 (2) vRddhirAja (4) vakragrIva parvetezvara 363 dvitIya paricheda (5) malayaketu makaradhvaja 365 (3) rAjha khArela bhikhurAja: dharmarAja para pariziSTa puSyamitranA samakAlIna5Na vizenI cacI; purAtattvanAM dazyo saMbaMdhI ApelI samajAti 369 lagabhaga 24 purAvAthI lIdhela tapAsa 253 vaMzAvaLIo khAravelane nakkI karAyela samaya 267 samayAvaLI tRtIya pariSada viSaya zodhavAnI cAvI rAjA khAravela (cAlu) zuddhipatraka hAthIguphAnA lekhane anuvAda 271 zuM? ane kayAM ? 374 ooo Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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.... Wan G. . . END jI sakSama khaMDa }0000:0000EE Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat F @) GEE0000/00000 H ed****(c)sedo //////// www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tA . :::: ore peop or one ::::: ina :: sa sa ma khaMDa prathama pariccheda gadaMbhIla vaMza nAmAvalI, tathA samayAvaLI (1) rAjA gaMdharvasena dvitIya pariccheda ITagamana; aMtarjhALa zaka prajAnuM rAjya tRtIya pariccheda gadaMbhIla vaMza (cAlu) (2) zakAri vikamAditya aMtargata rAjA zaMku ane bhatRharI (3) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) vikrama caritra (6 thI 10) zeSa rAjAone TUMka hevAla Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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* * * * * prathama pariccheda gadaMbhIla vaMza TUMka sAra-gardabhIla vaMza nAma kema paDayuM tenuM kAraNa-te vaMzanA samaya vize tathA tenA rAjAonI saMkhyAnuM lisTa ApI te vize, anya vidvAnonAM maMtavya TAMkI, te upara calAvelI carcA ane bAMdhI Apela nirNaya-ane chevaTe vizeSa zuddha svarUpamAM raju karelI temanI nAmAvaLI tathA vaMzAvaLI- te bAda A vaMzanA sthApaka rAjA gaMdharvasenanA kuLa vize utArelAM avataraNa ane te uparathI dorAtA nirNayanI karelI rajuAta rAjA gaMdharvasenanA jIvana caritranI AchI samAlocanA-AmaMtrita zahenazAhI zaka prajAnA hAthe tenuM hArI javuM tathA aMte tene kare paDele avaMtine tyAga- gadaMbhI vidyAnA prabhAvanuM ApeluM varNana

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gadaMbhIla vaMzI rAjAnAM [ saptama khaMDa nahapAnuM maraNa I. sa. pU. 74 mAM nIpajyuM hovAnuM mAne che. paNa temaNe pitAnI mAnyatA che hatuM temaja te aputrIo hatI; jethI avaMtinI gAdI hakIkata upara racI che ane je ApaNe akSarazaH upara tene jamAI rUSabhadatta ahIM TIpaNamAM utArI che, temAM te tevuM vidhAna nAma samaya birAjamAna thavAno hato. paNa kAMI spaSTapaNe uccAryuM ja nathI. temAM mAtra eTaluM ja tathA saMkhyA te samaye tenI umara 80 jaNAvAyuM che ke vikramanA rAjye 17 mA varSe saMvata uparanI thaI gaI hatI. temaja saranI sthApanA thaI, ane tethI 15ra varSamAMthI te te bahu dUra hatA eTale avaMtinI gAdI rAjA darpaNa 17 bAda karatAM 135 varSa je vikrama saMvatanA rahyA urpha gaMdharvasenanA hAthamAM AvI paDI hatI. A te samaye amuka banAva banyo hato. AmAM 15ra nA kSatriya rAjA bahu parAkramI hatuM tathA teNe gardabhI AMka sAthe te vaMzanA aMtane kAMI saMbaMdha che ke kema nAmanI vidyA sAdhI hatI. te gardabhI vidyAne mahimA te vize kAMI isAra paNa nathIH ba9ke itihAsanA evo hato ke, jyAre tenI sAdhanA kare tyAre tene jJAnathI ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke te AkhuM sAdhaka purUSa pitAnuM mahe ughADIne eka jAtane kathana zaka saMvatane samaya nirNaya mATeja vadeluM che. gardabha-kharanA bhaMkaNa jevo avAja kare, ane te eTale temAM kahevAnI matalaba evI che ke, vikrama sUra jenA jenA kAne pahoMce te sarva maraNane zaraNa saMvatanA 135 varSa gayA bAda zaka saMvatanI sthApanA thaI jAya. vaLI A vidyAnI sAdhanA amuka divase ja thaI hatI. bAkI to vikrama rAje 17 mA varSeja te karI zake evI paNa vidhi hatI. A gardabhI vidyA vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA thaI te hakIkata paNa mAnya tene sAdhya hovAthI tenuM kharuM nAma upara pramANe nathI; vaLI 15ra no AMka kayAMthI ubhe karAyo che jo ke darpaNa hatuM chatAM, tene koIke gadharUpa (gaddhAnA te je ke jaNAvyuM nathI chatAM 135+17 = ema jevuM svarUpa che jenuM te) nAma paNa ApyuM che. tathA karIne 15ra joDI kaDhAyo hoya to te paNa mAnya tenA vaMzanuM nAma gardabhIla vaMza pADayuM che. eTale A nathI ema AgaLa upara samajAze. A kathanamAM vaMzanI sthApanA I. sa. pU. 04 mi. saM. 453 mAM 15ra nA AMkanI utpattinA meLa mATe bhale kazeye thayAnuM gaNI zakAze. udagAra maLato nathI chatAM anya ghaNe ThekANe thI A vaMzanA prAraMbha mATenA samayano nirNaya te vastune samarthana karatI hakIkata te maLe che ja; karavAmAM jema ghaNuMkharA saMmata che tema tenA aMta ane te uparathI te vaMzanI AkhI ne AkhI nAmAvaLI vizenA samaya mATe nathI. eka pakSaka tene aMta tathA samayAvaLI goThavI dIdhela paNa najare paDe che; i. sa. 78 mAM gaNIne ekaMdare te 15ra varSa cAlyo chatAM kahevuM paDaze ja, ke jyAM sudhI te AMkanI (1)nIcenI TIkA naM. 47, 48 sarakhAvo. (2) prIsa jaranala 4, pR. 188: ja, e. raso. be 5. 49 bhAga 1:- The father of Vikrama is calle! Ghosh Raja or the king of thickets; which is another name for Gan'harup or Gaddharaj in the west=vikramanA pitAne ya rA athavA jhADIne rAjA kahevAya che; jene pazcimamAM gadharU5 u gaddArAja paNa kahe che. vaLI juo eziyATika rIsacIMga 5. 9, pR. 145 (3) nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10, bhAga 4, pR. 724: saptadaza varSe vikrama rAjyAnaMttaraM vatsara pravRttiH / ko'rthaH / nabhovAhana rAjyAt 17 varSe vikramAdityasya rAjyam / rAjyAnataraM ca tadaiva vatsara pravRttiH / tato dvi paMzAzadadhika zata (152) madhvAt 17 varSeSu gateSu a RArAvAI rAta (12) ma1i roSa unnatrarAvika rAta (131) vikrama mATe veIm II (4) nIcenA sthAnethI A vaMzanA rAjAonI AMka saMkhyAne lagatI hakIkata maLe che. paNa keImAM 15ra AMka vize Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama paricheda ] nAma, samaya tathA saMkhyA utpatti ne ja patto na lAge athavA pramANikapaNe paDI jatAM jaNAya che; chatAM atyAra sudhI ApaNe te puravAra karI na batAvAya, tyAM sudhI te pAyA anubhava zIkhave che ke, prAcIna graMthakAranAM kathano te upara ubhI karAyelI sarva hakIkta kAcIja gaNavI vAstavikatAmAM lagabhaga satyaja che. paraMtu temanI rahe che. te paNa je je mAhitI upalabdha Alekhana paddhatimAM dRSTikoNa judAM rakhAyelAM hovAthI thaI che-thAya che temAMthI je kAMI nizcaya upara ApaNane te bhinna dekhAIne muMjhavaNamAM utArI AvI zakAtuM hoya te tevo prayatna karavo nAMkhatAM jaNAyAM che. eTale temanI uDANamAM utaraagatyane gaNAze. vAnI kAMIka jarUra jaNAya che. sarvathI prathamamAM masya, vAyu ane viSNu (kembrIja menyuskrIpTa) kAMIka pAyA rUpa thaI paDe te mATe eka nAmAvalI purANomAM gardabhIla vaMzI rAjAnI saMkhyA sAta" tenA samaya sAthe utArIe ane pachI tenA upara heyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. jyAre bhAgavata purANamAM vicAraNuM tathA vivecana karIe te kAMIka mArga dazanI saMkhyA kahI che. A badhAM kathane bhinna nIkaLI Ave paNa khare. ma. saM. thI ma. saM. i. sa. pU. thI i. sa. pU. varSa (1) darpaNa: gadharUpa; gaMdharvasena 453 463 = 74 (2) inTareganama athavA zakaprajAnuM rAjya 463 470 = 64 (3) vikramAditya-zakAri 470 530 = 57 (4) vikramacaritra dharmAditya 570 = (5) bhAIla 581 = (6) nAIla 581 595 = 55 (7) nAhaDa 595 605 = 69 57. 6nA 530 570 14 dA 152 bahu spaSTatA nathI, paraMtu pa. kamAM kAMIka vizeSapaNe hakIkata (7) buddhiprakAza nAmanuM guxxse. nuM mukhapatra 5.76 chaNAI che te ApaNe AgaLa upara tapAsIzuM. (a) pA, ka. pR. 72. pR. 90 mAM 7 varSa lakhyA che jyAre jaina graMthomAM (juo (ba) ja. . . . e. se. pu. 9, pR. 147 thI 1pa7. prAcIna bhAratavarSa pu. 1. pR. 202. TI. naM. 33 mAM (ka) ke. A. re. prastAvanA pR. 19, kareluM avataraNa; gAthA trIjIne aMtabhAga) cAra varSa kahyAM (Da) merUtuMga vicArazreNi patra 3 no utAre, jaina che. paNa vastusthiti vicAratAM bu. pra. ne abhiprAya sumahotsava aMkamAM pR. 46 TI. naM. 31. saMgata dekhAya che. tethI te pramANe ahIM meM sAta varSa (5) jeke saMkhyA sAta lakhI che. paNa temAM utArelI viga lekhyAM che. [ athavA jaina graMthakAranuM ema mAnavuM thayuM te bArIkAIthI tapAsatAM te saMkhyA che hevAnuM paNa gaNI hoya ke gaIbhale gAdi tyAga karyo ane zakanuM rAjya paNa zakAya che. jemake nIcenI TIkAmAM (Da)nuM avataraNa vAMcI juo, ma. sa. 463 mAM thayuM juo AgaLa zakarAjyanI hakIkata) () uparanI na, 4 TakAmAM (a) (jAo: jyAre chatAM gadaMbhIlanuM maraNa te bAda traNa sADAtraNa varSamAM thayuM che, (3) mAM A pramANe lakhyuM che. "vikramaca the 60 tethI zakAya teTaluM dhaTADIne cAra varSa ja lakhavAM joIe. agrLa, tatataputrI vimAtrA: nAno pari. A sthiti vizeSa kAraNabhUta lAge che. kemake jema purANarayastha sAthe 40 varSana. tato mAInnarAka varSa kArAe sarva hakIkata sAcI lakhI che tema pariziSTAra 11 | tataH zrI nAra rALe varSa 14 | tataH ja paNa sAcI ja lakhI che. mAtra daSTikeNu badhAMnA bhinna vAhara rAtre 10 varSanA gAtA ane (ba)mAM tAravaNI hatAM eTaluM ja ] karatAM cha rAjA thayAnuM jaNAya che. (8) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 6, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAjAonAM nAma [ saptama khaMDa uparamAM karela varNanathI jaNAya che ke gardabhIla large kingdom. After some years vaMzI rAjAonI saMkhyA judI judI gaNatrIthI cha, leaving the reins of government to sAta ane dezanI karavAmAM AvI che. temAM prathama his younger brother Bhartruhari the cha saMkhyAne vicAra karIe. te be traNa prakAre noted poet, he himself went out in saMbhavI zake che. eka prakAraH-uparanA lisTamAM sAta disguise to study India and the Indian AMka bharI batAvyA che. paNa temAMne AMka naM. 2. politics. Several years after, Bhartrite zaka rAjAono che. eTale zuddha gardabhIla vaMzI to hari disgusted with the world, through bAkInA cha ja rahe che. bIjo prakAra-TIpaNa na. 4 a family calamity, let Raj to his (ba) mAM lakhyA pramANe temaja TI. naM. 5 (Da) mAM ministers and passed into religious jaNAvyA pramANe paNa cha thAya che. chatAM AmAMnI retirement. Hearing this, Vikrama 318 3191517 H67721 $2412 41 of 2191211 hastened to his capital, organized a uparanuM lisTa, nAma ane samaya banI bAbatamAM powerful army, beat back the Scythians kAyama ja rahe cheH and the l'arthians and made ample have sAta ke tethI vadhArenI saMkhyA kema hAI conquests in North India=prasaMga maLatAM, zake te tapAsIe eka rIte, te lisTamAM sAtanI gadharvasene 10 ujainInI gAdI hAtha karI. tenI pachI ja saMkhyA batAvI che te ja pramANe sAta batAvI tene yeSTha putra zaku gAdIe beThA hatA. teNe thoDA zakAya: bIjI rItaH lisTamAMnA sAtamAMthI zaka prajAnuM samaya rAja karyuM. teTalAmAM pitAnA bhAI vikramano rAjaya-inTareganama-bAda karIe ane tene badale bhoga thaI paDe. A vikrame keTalIka jIta meLavI dhI hiMdu hIsTarI"nA lekhake je jaNAvyuM che ke ThIka ThIka moTuM sAmrAjya banAvI dIdhuM. keTalAMka varSa "At some opportune tine Gandharvasen bAda potAnA nAnA bhAI ane prakhyAta kavi seized the throne of Ujjain. He was bhatRharIne rAjanI lagAma soMpIne, bhArata deza tathA succeeded by his eldest son Sanku, tenI rAjadvArI carcA nihALavAne chupA veze te who ruled for a short time and then nIkaLI paDyo. ane keTalAMka varSa vItyA bAda kauTuMbika fell a victim to the ambition of his upAdhine lIdhe saMsArathI virakata banI te bhatRharIe brother vikrama; who made some rAjakAja pradhAnane soMpI sanyAsa lIdho. 11 conquests and consolidated a prety A khabara vikramane maLatAM, te utAvaLe rAjanagare | (9) dhI hiMdahisTarI: kartA e. ke. majamudAra: kalakattA sena, vikramAditya, rAjA bhartuharI (rAjA gopIcaMda) vigerenI I. sa. 1920 (I. sa. pU. 3000 thI I. sa. 1200 sudhI) vAte (Folk-lore) lokakathA tarIke pazcima hiMdamAMja ane te pustakamAM pU. 638 ane AgaLa; tathA pR. 649 ane mukhyatve karIne gujarAta kAThiyAvADamAMja-vadhAre pracalita che. AgaLa juo. paraMtu pUrva hiMdamAM tene agatyanuM sthAna maLyuM nahIM hoya. . (10) gabhIlavaMza sthApaka ane zakAri vikramAdityano chatAM jyAre A "hiMdanI tavArIkha" nA kartA baMgALI pitA; pR. 2. nA lisTamAM jeno AMka 1 lakhyo che te vyakti. gRhastha hovA sAthe itihAsa rasika purUSa che. temaNe ja A tenAM bIjAM nAme tarIke darpaNa ane gadharUpe ApaNe joyA che. hakIkta utArI che. ane te paNa evA svarUpe ke, tenA (11) A hakIkatane lagatuM vivecana jene ItihAsa sAthe uparathI keTalAka ItihAsa upajAvI zakIe chIe; vaLI saMbaMdha che te temanA jIvana caritra lakhatAM jaNAvavAmAM temaNe paNa itihAsa sarjAyo che. eTale anumAna karAya ke khAvo, paNa atre ema kahevAnI jarUra che ke, A gaMdharva. temaNe aneka pustakano AdhAra lI he joIe ja, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama paricheda ] samaya tathA saMkhyA Avyo; jabaruM lazkara ekatrita karyuM ane zaka tathA vaMzI mahIpationI nAmAvalImAM kare paNa rahe pArthiaone harAvI uttara hiMdamAM teNe puSkaLa vijaya ane tema thatAM tenI saMkhyA nava ke dazanI thAya prApta karyo. " A vAkyamAM je anya aitihAsika jema nAmanI saMkhyAmAM cha sAtathI mAMDIne daza banAvo raju karAyA che teno paricaya yathAsthAne ApaNe sudhane sudhAro karavo Avazyaka lAge che, tema te sarvenA ApIzuM, paNa atra te saMkhyAne aMgeja mAtra vicAra rAjatvakALa mATe paNa vidvAnonAM maMtavyamAM pheraphAra karavAno hovAthI te bAbata letAM, eka rIte zakuneja hovAthI tenA samayamAM paNa pheraphAra kare ja paDe che; rAjAnI nAmAvalImAM umerI zakAya ane tema karatAM ane kadAca rAjatvakALa mATe sarve sahamata hoya to chanI saMkhyAmAM ekanI vRddhi thatAM pAchI sAte sAta paNa jyAre bhUpationI saMkhyA vadhe, tyAre te pramAthaI rahe che. paNa je zaMku, bhartuharI ane vikramA mAM AkhA vaMzane samaya-(Adi samaya tene teja dityane be vakhata gAdIe besato gaNIne AMka saMkhyA kAyama rAkhavAno che eTale aMta samaya) te pheravavo ja gaNavAmAM Ave, to prathamanA cha sAthe gaNatAM temanI rahe. jethI te vaMzano aMta uparanA lisTamAM jaNAvyA saMkhyA nava ke dazanI thaI jaze. vaLI uparanAja pramANe I. sa. 78 thI khaseDIne Aghe laI ja baMgALI saMzodhanarasika vidvAna jave che ke - paDaze te svabhAvika che; ane tema karavuM te vyAjabI "He (Vikramaditya) was succeeded by thaI paDaze; kemake te prazna paNa ApaNe vicAra his son Madhavsen, who married rahe che. vastusthiti sUcave che ke te samaya I. sa. Sulochana, daughter to the king of 78 thI haThAvIne ghaNo Aghe laI javAthIja badhI an island of the Arabian Sea=vikramAdityanI ghaDa maLI raheze; kAraNa ke gardabhIlapatie avaMtimAM pachI tene putra mAdhavasena gAdIe Avyo che ane gAdI bhegavatA hatA eTaluM to cokkasa che ja. te arabI samudramAMnA eka TApunA rAjAnI kuMvarI eTale ApaNe ema vicAravuM raheze ke, itihAsamAM sucanAne paraNyo hato." eTale ke temanA mata evA kayA bhUpatio najare caDhI zake che ke jeo pramANe vikramAdityanA putranuM nAma mAdhavasena che; pite I. sa. 78 bAda vahelAmAM vahelA samaye jyAre TI. naM. 4 (3) ane naM. 6 mAM TAMkelA avaMtipati banI beThA hoya athavA te evA prabaLa zrImerUtuMga vicArazreNinA avataraNanusAra ema jaNAya pratApI teo thayA hoya ke A gardabhIlone avaMtiche ke vikramAdityanI pachI tene putra vikramacaritra mAMthI hAMkI kADhayA heya. itihAsane ApaNe u dharmAditya gAdI upara beThe che. Ama banne abhyAsa AvI be traNa sattA upara ApaNuM dhyAna graMthakAronAM vacano bhinna thaI jAya che. eTale kheMcI laI jAya che. uttara hiMdamAMnA sattAdhArI cho mAdhavasenane ane dharmAdityane bhinna bhinna vyakti pArthiyansa, kuzAna vaMzI ane ca%Nu kSatrapavaMzIo tathA mAnI laIne kadAca te bannene samAveza gadaMbhIla dakSiNa hiMdamAMnA aMdhrapatio; ema kula cAra vaLI baMgALI sAhitya, gujarAtI sAhitya karatAM vizeSa (12) juo hiM. hi. pR. 639. samRddha che. ane temAM paNa A vidvAna lekhakanA vicAre (3) I. e. pu. 10. I. sa. 1881 5, 2223te patharAyelA sAMpaDayA ja mAtra kahI zakAya. eTale nakkI The Gandabhillas were the rulers of Ujjain mAnavuM rahe che ke uparanI manAtI AvelI bAbato daMtakathAo gabhIla rAjAo ujjainanA zAsako hatA ema eN. olDananathI, paNa janatAnA jahuvAgrahe sacavAI rahelI kharI banuM pAnuM kahevuM thAya che (vaLI juo ke, A re. aitihAsika ghaTanAo ja che. prastAvanA mR. 19)

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rAjAonAM nAma [ sakSama khaMDa na nAme sattAo ApaNI AMkhe caDe che. temAM InDe pArthi kadAca viMdhyA parvata oLaMgIne avaMtinI bhUmi upara ansanA chellA zahenazAha gaphAranesane I. sa. paNa-paga mAMDe che khare, chatAM te avaMtipati te 45 AsapAsa (juo pu. 3 mAM tenuM vRttAMta) hiMdane banavA pAmyo nathI ja. jo tema thayuM hota to, rANI tyAga karI IrAnamAM gAdIpati banyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che; baLazrIe pitAnA patranI yazagAthA gAto je zilAtema kuzAna vaMzamAMnA pahelA be purUSoe te hiMdamAM lekha kotarAvI mUkyo che temAM "dakSiNApathapati"=LorAjyaprApti karI nathI. jyAre trIje jene kaniSkanA rd of the Deccan lakhyuM che te sthAne "anaM. nAmathI itihAsakAre e oLakhAvyo che teNe hiMdamAM tipati=Lord of Avanti"jevA zabdo umeravAne gAdI karI che kharI, paNa tenI rAjasattA mathurAnI teNI ghaDIbhara paNa vilaMba karate kharI ke? matalaba ke dakSiNe laMbAIja nathI. eTale tene paga avaMti sudhI avaMtinA saMbaMdhamAM aMdhrapatine vicAra karavAnuM paNa Avyo hoya te kalpanA paNa karavI rahetI nathI. A durlakSaja karavuM rahe che. eTale cAra rAjasattAmAMthI pramANe uttara hiMdanA traNamAMthI be vaMzanI vicAraNA harIpharIne have mAtra ekaja sattAno-caSThavaMzIneja choDI devI kare che. jyAre trIje vaza je cappaNano prazna vicAro rahe che. rahyo temaNe avaMtinI gAdI meLavI paNa dekhAya che A caNDaNavaMzamAM tene ja patra rUdradAmana tema teo kaDedhaDe paNa thaI gayA che eTale temane eka mahA pratApI rAjavI thayo che. teNe sairASTanA vicAra ApaNe jarUra kare ja rahe che. uparAMta cotho rAjapATa samA junAgaDha zaheranI pAsenA revatAcaLa vaMza je dakSiNane aMdhapationo che temAMnA koIe parvatanI taLeTImAMnA sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti paNa, je dakSiNa hiMdanA svAmitva uparAMta uttara hiMdamAM kotarAvavAmAM potAno kAMIka hisso pUryo che. temAM paNa pagapesAro karyo hoya, te mAtra be bhUpatio 52 (bAvana)nI sAlano AMka che. tene zaka saMvata mAnIne nAMja nAma haju laI zakAya tevAM che. eka vasiSTha teno samaya 785ra=I. sa. 130 ne vidvAnoe putra zAtakaraNa urpha bIjo zAtakaraNaH ane bIje TharAvyo che. ane te prazasti kAtarAvavA pUrve Azare rANu baLazrIna pautra gautamIputra zAtakaraNaH AmAMnA daseka varSe avaMtipati te (eTale tene Adi purUSa pahelAnA samaya I. sa. pU. 224 ne TharAvAyo che ane teno dAde cakkaNa mahAkSatra5) banyo hoya ema (juo pu. 3 mAM pR. 73) eTale te ApaNI gaNI te samaya I. sa. 120 manAve che. jyAre mArI vicAraNAnI bahAra jato rahe che, jyAre bIjo je gaNatrImAM te I. sa. 142 Ave che. 15 vaLI te autamIputra zAtakaraNa-rANI baLazrIne patra che tene samaye teNe je avaMtinI gAdI meLavI che te, ApaNe samaya vidvAnoe bhale i. sa. 78 gaNuvyo che je gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAonI carcA karI rahyA chIe (jo ke teno khare samaya te anyathA che je temanI pAsethIja; matalaba ke gardabhIla vaMzano aMta ApaNe pu. 5 mAM jovuM rahe che, paNa teNe uttara I. sa. 142 nI AsapAsamAM AvyuM hatuM ema hiMdamAM rAjakAja karyuM hoya ema koI jAtane purA noMdhavuM rahe che. jyAre A rAmaya paNa have nakkI nIkaLatA nathI. teNe je ke saurASTranI bhUmi upara-are thaI gayo tyAre, tenA prAraMbhanI sAla je I. sa. pU. (14) geDaphAranese uttara hiMda I. sa. 45 mAM khAlI varSano che. temAM kaI sattA te pradeza upara rAja karatI rahI karyuM ane kazAnazI kanike kabaje karyuM teno samaya hatI te prazno ukela mAMge che. te ApaNe A saptama vidvAnoe i. sa. 78 manAve che; jyAre mArI gaNatrI khaDe ja vicAravuM rahe che. te mATe AgaLa upara A gabhIla i. sa. 103 che. jenI carcA pu. 5 nA aMte karavAnI che vaMzanI hakIkata juo. tyAM juo. A be maMtavyanI vaccene gALa 103-5=58 (15) A hakIkata ApaNe pu. 5mAM sAbita karI,

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prathama pariccheda ]. samaya tathA rAMkhyA 74 nI kahI che te hisAbe, A AkhA vaMzano sattA, akhaMDita paNe avaMti upara pravartI rahI hatI rAjyakALa 14ra74=16 varSane ApaNe kahI ema niHsaMdehapaNe kahI zakAya. vaLI te vaMzanA zakIzuM; temAMthI vaccenA sAta varSanuM zaka rAjya bAda rAjAnI saMkhyA dazanI TharAvAya che jyAre uparamAM te karatAM tene samaya 209 varSane kahevAya; ane temAM ApaNe cha lakhI cUkyA chIe. eTale bAkInAne yathA paNa prathamanA daza varSa rAja darpaNanA je che, te sthAne goThavI temanI samasta vaMzAvaLI nIce pramANe bAda karIe te bAkInA 199 varSa paryata te vaMzanI ApIe te ThIka ThIka svarUpamAM te darzAvI lekhAze. ma. . ma. sa. varSa I. sa. pU. I. sa. pU. (1) gaMdharvasena 6 darpaNa: gadharUpa 453 463 10 74 64 zaka prajAnuM rAjya (463 thI 470 = 64 thI 57 = 7 varSa) I. sa. (2) vikramAditya 470 530 60 57 1 aMtaragata zaMku 470 - 470 6 mAsa; 57 56 bhartuharI: zukrAditya 470 thI keTalAMka varSa. I. sa. I. sa. (3) mAdhavAditya 8 500 570 40 3 43 (4) dharmAditya 8 570 580 10 43 53 (5) vikramacaritraH mAdhavasena 20 - 580 620 40 53 93 (6 tathA 7) be rAjAo 620 634 107 (8) bhAIla 645 (9) nAIla 645 * 659 14 118 132 (10) nAhaDa 659 669 132 142 634 107 118 kula varSa = 209 (16) juo. pR. 4 upara hi. hi. pR. 638 nuM A vikamacaritrane mAdhavasena gaNAvavo paDayo che. vaLI aMgrejImAM avataraNa mAdhavAditya ane mAdhavasena banene samaya 40 varSane (17) juo AgaLa temanA vRttAte. hovAthI prAcIna lekhakee, bane ne eka gaNIne naM. 3,4 (18) naM. 3 thI 10 sudhIno ekaMdara samaya 139 uDAvI daIne naM. 5 ne ja naM. 2 nA putra tarIke manAvI varSane (, sa. 3 thI 142 sudhI) sAcA samajaH dIdho che. A pramANe aneka gUMcavaNe karI nAMkhI che. rAjAnAM nAma paNa sAcAM samajavA. paNa temane anukrama darekano ukela na. 2, 3, 4 ane 5 ema cAre vyakti bhinna tathA pratyekane rAjyakALa kalpanAthI goThavyo che ema samajavuM. dhArI levAthI AvI jAya che. temaja AkhA vaMzane samaya ' (19) naM. 2 ane 3 nAM rAjya lAMbAM che; ane eka paNa turata goThavAI jAya che. vaLI je eka gUMca rAjataraMgiNisiddhAMta e che ke, pitA putra gaNAtA hoya tevA traNa rAjAe kAre ubhI karI che tene nicoDa paNa AvI jAya che. eka pachI eka gAdIe besIne lAMbo samaya rAjya calAvI (juo te mATe AgaLa trIjA paricachede vikramAdityanA na zake. (juo pu. 1 pR. 88.) mATe naM. 4 nuM rAjya rAjaya vistAranA varNanamAM) nAnuM TharAvavuM paDayuM che ane na, 5 nuM pAchuM dIrdha samayI (20) na', 8, 9, 10nA gAdIpati tarIke zuM nAma hatAM karyuM che. vaLI eka rIte vikramacaritrane vikramAdityano putra te jaNAyuM nathI. gaNAve che tyAre bIjI bAju vikramAdityanA putra tarIke | (21) mAdhavAditya (naM. 3) ane mAdhavasena (na. :) mAdhavAdityane lekhave che. mATe mAdhavAditya kAyama rAkhI banne nAma sAdarA lAgatAM hovAthI tathA bannenA rAjaya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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gardabhIlonI [ saptama khaMDa rAjA nahapANanA maraNa pachI avaMtinI gAdI tale is prevalent in north-west India, tene jamAI rUSabhadattane na jatAM gardabhIla vaMzamAM A Gandabha marrying a daughter of | gaI che. A gaIbhIla vaMzane a king of Dhar (Asia. Res. Vol. VI. temanI utpatti Adi purUSa rAja darpaNa u p. 38; & Vol. IX. p. 149) = hiMdanA vAyavya viSe gaMdharvamena koNa hato? zI rIte tene prAMtamAM 24 eka vicitra vArtA pracalita che. (ka) hakka pahoMcyo ? tathA zI rIte caDI eka gardabhaneraghAranA rAjAnI kuMvarI paraNAvI hatI. Avyo? vigere koI paNa mAhitI eke pustakamAM spaSTa- (ezi. rI. pu. 6. pR. 28 tathA pu. 9, pR. 149) paNe tenA saMbaMdhI jaNAvavAmAM AvI nathI. paraMtu vaLI teja graMthamAM eka sthAneraka lakhyuM che kechavAyuM je mArA vAMcavAmAM AvyuM che te saMkalita karIne " Before their (ancestors of VikramatenA vize je anumAna meM deryuM che te atre jaNAvIza. ditya) occupation of Malwa, they eka graMthamAM lakhyuM che ke-tene vikramAdityano) probably lived in Anandapur27 near janma khaMbhAtamAM thayo hato. te nagarIne te samaye Udaipur (Mewar)=(vikramAdityanA vaDavAoe) taMbAvaTI paNa kahevAtI hatI. jyAre eka bIjA mALavA kabaje karyuM te pahelAM teo ghaNuM karIne pustakamAM 23 ema jaNAvAyuM che ke-" A strange (mevADanA) udepuranI najIkanA ANaMdapuramAM 28 rahetA kALa paNa cAlIsa varSa sudhI laMbAyala hovAthI vidvAnoe che. prathama to udepura najIka keI AnaMdapura hovAnuM ja te bannene ekaja rAjA tarIke lekhIne kAma lIdhuM che; vaLI jaNAyuM nathI. tema thatAM saMkhyA paNa kamI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. AnaMdapura nAme traNa zahera hovAnuM meM sAbita karyuM (22) eziATIka rIsarcIjha pu. 9, pR. 82. che. (juo bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatuM "jaina dharma prakAza" (23) hiM. hiM, pR. 649 (paNuM A graMthakAranuM kathana nAmanuM mAsika, pu. 45 aM. pa. pu. 16 thI 174 uparanA ezi.rI. 5. 9 ne AdhAre ja lakhAyeluM che). u5ra vardhamAnapUrIne lekha; vase. nuM buddhiprakAza (24) avaMtinA rAjAonI A jIvanakathA vAyavya 1934. pR. 58 tathA 318 thI 323; Anartapura, AnaMdaprAte sudhI DeDa kema javA pAmI haze tenAM kAraNa mATe pura, saurASTa I. lekha; amadAvAdanuM " jaina ti" AgaLa u5ra vikramacaritranA vRttAMtamAM juo. pu. 1 paoNpa aMka 4. saM. 1988 ANaMdapuranuM sthAna (25) gardabha zabda saMrakata che ane tene artha "gadheDA nAme lekha; muMbaInA gujarAtI sAptAhikamAMnI te nAmanuM prANI" thAya che. vAyavya prAMtomAM rahetA mANasene vizenI carcA. khabara nahIM hoya ke ahIM gardabha te paza nathI paNa () eka ANaMdapura kAThiyAvADanA jhAlAvADa prAMtamAM, gabhIla vaMzI eka rAjAnuM nAma che. nahI te te manuSyanI Avela coTIlAnA DuMgaranI taLeTImAM vasela che. jyAM mULarAja kanyA gardabha vere paraNavA jevI hakIkatane vicitra kathA selaMkInA samaye I. sa. 998 mAM gharasena nAme rAnI rAjya tarIke lekhata nahIM ja, karatA hatA; tene A mULarAje harAvyo hato ema haDALAnA (26) juo hiM. hiM, pR. 638 tAmrapaTa uparathI jaNAya che. (27) ANaMdapurane sthAna vize nIcenuM TI. naM. 28 juo. (2) bIjA ANaMdapuranI hakIkta ema che ke kADiyAbAkI udepura najIka ( Near Udaipur ) ane dhaNuM karIne vADamAM Avela ghoLakAne vaDanagara kahetA; ane vaDanagaranuM (Probably) zabdo je vAparyA che te A hi. hi. nA bIjuM nAma ANaMdanagara hatuM; paNa ANaMdapura ane lekhAneja abhiprAya lAge che ema mAruM mAnavuM thAya che. ANaMdanagara judAM hovAM chatAM eka gaNuI gayAM che. (28) lekhake ANaMdapurane bhale udepura najIka mAnyuM che (juo nIce naM. 3). ( juo uparanuM TI. 27) paNa te temanI gera samajaNa gujarAtamAM Avela hAlanuM vaDanagara tene paNa ANaMdapura Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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E prathama paricheda ]. rasaMkhyA vigere hatA." upara TAMkelAM A traNe kathanano tathA tene bhUmi upara pitAne hakka kAMika ADakatarI rIte paNa lagatAM TIpaNano sAra kADhIzuM te ema phalitArtha pahoMce che evI tenI mAnyatA baMdhAI haze. (2) nIkaLaze ke, koI gaIbhIlavaMzI rAjA, jenuM nAma temaja tene pradeza TheTha khaMbhAta sudhI eTale ke gaMdharvasenaH gardabha hatuM ane jenuM rAjya kAThiyA- avaMtinI aDoaDa AvIne rahe che. tethI ja vADamAM Avela hatuM tathA rAjagAdI ANaMdapura gAme tyAM kAMI bakheDA jevuM thAya ke aMdhAdhUnI pravartatI hatI; tenuM lagna dhAranA30 (mevADa-avaMtinI hadamAM hoya te pitAne caDAI karavAnI sagavaDatA paNa Avela che) rAjAnI kuMvarI vere thayuM hatuM; A rANIe (3) temaja caDAI laI jAya te pitAnA zvazura khaMbhAtamAM eka putrane janma Ape hatA. tenuM pakSanI paNa madada maLI zakazeja. (4) tathA avaMtinI nAma vikramAditya hatuM. A khaMbhAta nagarIne te samaye gAdI upara nahapAnuM rAjya bhale sulehazAMti bhareluM taMbAvaTI paNa kahevAtI hatI. A pramANe je gaNAI gayuM hatuM chatAMye te paradezI to hato ja ne ? vastusthiti tAravI kaDhAI che te satya hevAnuM vaLI tene badale have pote ja avaMtipati thAya te tyAMnI puravAra thaI zake che. kemake (1) jyAre dhAranA rAjAnI prajA paNa pitAnA dezanA-vatanIne-rAjA tarIke kuMvarIne te gardabhavaMzI kumAra paraNyo che tyAre te vadhAvI leze ja. (5) tema nahapANu aputrio maraNa kahevAyuM che; paNa gujarAtanA A vaDanagaranI sthApanA selaMkI (30) dhAra athavA dhArAnagarInI sthApanA te paramAra karNadevanA samaye (I. sa. 11-12 saikAmAM) thaI che. jayAre vaMzI bhejadeve I. sa. nI dasamI sadImAM karI che ema ApaNI A hakIkata I. sa. pU. nI che eTale te manAya che. kemake tyAM teNe rAjadhAnI banAvI hatI. kadAca asthAne che. tyAM AgaLa, pUrva kALathI nagara vasI rahyuM ja hoya ane pachI (3) kAThiyAvADanI dakSiNe Avela keDinAra pAse prakhyAta havAmAna joIne rAjapATa banAvyuM hoya ema paNa mAnI kavi narasiMha mahetAnA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM eka zakAya. game te saMjoga hoya; ApaNe to ahi ema samajavuM ANaMdanagara hovAnuM manAyuM che tenI carcA gujarAtI sAmA- rahe che ke te pradezano te rAjA hatA. hikamAM AvI hatI (juo naM. 2 ne lagatI hakIkata) (31) khaMbhAta ane ANaMdapara banane ekaja jAnI paNa te sthAna barAbara nathI ema meM teja sAptAhikamAM hakumatamAM Avela mAnI zakAya che; ane A rAja kAMte jaNAvyuM che (juo uparamAM TAMkela TI. naM. 28mAMne mArA rAjA nahapANane khaMDi hoya ke pachI teTalA daravAje lekhanAM po). svataMtra paNa hoya uparAMta saurASTrapati paNa hoya. jo ke, A sadhaLI etihAsika paristhitino vicAra karatAM prastuta uparamAM to A saurASTra upara rAjA nahapANI ane pachI ANaMdapara te upara naM. 1 mAM jaNAvela roTIlA DuMgaranI rUSabhadattanI sattA hovAnuM meM jaNAvyuM che. paNa gaMdharvasana taLeTIvALuM AnaMdapura samajAya che. ane te khaMbhAtanA rAjAne rAjAnI hakumatamAM je te bhAga hovAnuM vadhAre mAnya rahe tAbe paNa haze. khaMbhAta baMdara dhIkatuM hoIne rAjA tyAM paNa te pachI ema samajavuM raheze ke, rAjA gardabhale jyAre avaMtI amuka samaye raheto haze. game tema, paNa ANaMdapura tathA laI lIdhuM tyAre rUSabhadatte tenuM saurASTra laI lIdhuM hatuM khaMbhAta bane ekaja rAjAnI ANamAM hovA joIe jethI joIe. bAkI rUSabhadattanuM rAjya saurASTra upara hatuM eTalI te rAjAnI garbhavatI rANIe khaMbhAtamAM vikramAdityane janma vAta mAnya rAkhavI ja rahe che. bemAMthI kaI sthiti vadhAre Apyo che. saMbhavita che te saMzodhakee tapAsa calAvI puravAra 4 (29) gardabhI vidyA teNe sAdhI hatI (AgaLa u5ra * karavuM rahe che. tenI hakIkata Avaze) te uparathI A vaMzanuM nAma ja gardabhIla (32) ApaNe taMbAvaTInI sthApanA vize keTalIka carcA vaMza pADavAmAM AvyuM che; ane A gaMdharvasena tene pu. 3 pR. 192 mAM karI che. temAM vaLI A eka sthaLanA sthApaka hovAthI gardabha nAme paNa oLakhAya che. have umere karavo rahe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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10 rAjAonAM nAma pAmyA che eTale tene jamAI rUSabhadatta gAdIe AvavAne hakka dharAve che; chatAM te ati dUra paDyo che. uparAMta khakhaDadhaja jevA thaI gayA che. eTale yuddha karavAnI jarUra paDaze tA paNa te ja temAM phAvI jaze. AvI AvI aneka vidha kalpanAo ane murAdechari khAMdhI, A gabhIla kumAre avatinI gAdI meLavavA sa` cakra jo gatimAna karI dIdhAM hoya te badhuM banavA joga che. eTale sa saLaMga jotAM A gIla vaMzI rAjAzmenI utpatti saMbaMdhI ApaNe derelAM anumAna, upara TAMkelAM vidvAneAnAM kathanane anupaja che ema samajavuM paDaze. uparamAM tenI utpatti vizenA khyAla ApI cUkayA chIe. have tenA kuLa vize paNa thADuMka jaNAvIe. mi. prinsepse tene tenuM phaLa tuAra ( Tuar ) nRtinA kSatriya tarIke lekhyA che.33 paNa pAte A anumAna upara kevI rIte AvyA che te jaNAvyuM nathI. jyAre eka bIjA graMthakAra, jo ke lagabhaga tevAja abhiprAya upara AvyA che paraMtu temaNe je dalIlA ane hakIkatA upajAvI kADhI, bhaLatI vAtA gADavI dIdhI che, te uparathI ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke temaNe teA purANAne AdhAra khatAvIne, uccAramAM sAdaza paDatA eka zabdane khIjA tarIke mAnI laI, AkhI vAtanuM vaTesaraja vATI nAMkhyuM lAge che. te zabdo eka rIte te| avagaNanA karavA yAgyaja che; chatAM bIjI rIte zodhakhALanI AkhI imArataja AvI AvI vastunA pAyA upara ubhI karAya che, te khInA paNa vAMcakavarganA khyAlamAM AvI zakaze. uparAMta anya itiDhAsa upara keTalAka prakAza paNa paDe che. tema keTalIka aitihAsika ghaTanA paNa khAra Ave che. prajAnA (33) prinsepsa InDIana enTIvITIjha yusaphula Tebalsa nAme pustakamAM pR. 157:-This prince ( Vilkranmaditya) was of the Taar Dynasty; A kumAravikramAditya-tuAra vaMzanA hatA, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sIma khaMDa eTale te graMthakAranAM vAkyA4 atre utAravA icchA thai che. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke: " Kushan rule in India-Their two dynasties (1) Kadphisis Dynasty and (2) The To<< Dynasty. Hindu Puranas called them (Kuchan-Tochari people) Tush aras or Tukharas=hiMdamAM kuzAna prajAnuM rAjya temanA e vaze che. (1) kaDIsIjho vaza ane (2) TAcarI vaMza; hiMdI purANamAM temane ( kuzAnaTAcarI prazna) tuzAra athavA tukhAra tarIke oLa khAvyA che." A uparathI samajAze ke kuTTAva zI kaDaDDIsIjhanI jAtivALAne purANakAree tuzAra athavA tukhAra kahyA che; A tuzAra zabda uccAramAM tuArane maLatA Ave che.eTale saMbhava che ke purANakAranA "tuzAra" ane mi. prinsepsanA "tugAra" te bannene eka gaNIne A gra'dhakAre nIcenAM vAkyA joDI dIdhAM lAge che. " Kadphisis in local Prakrit was uttered as Gaddabhas, which the Brahmins sanskritized as Gardabha, Gardabhin, or Garddabhilas. A strange tale is prevalent in N. W. India. A Garddabha marrying the daughter of a king of Dhar, was changed into an Ass, skr. Garddabha. That Garddabha is the sanskritized form of Kadaphisis. The sanskrit word Garddabha means an ass. Hence through mis-naming, the foreign dynasty was afterwards known as ass-dynasty Old Gadhai-Pysa or ass-money have been found in various parts of Western India (J. A. S. B. [mArUM TIppaNa dilhInI gAdIe tuAra vazI-tumAra vaMzI kSatriye| thayA che. temane ane A kSatriyAne kAMI saMbaMdha haze ke!] (34) tu hiM. hi. pR. 649 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] Dec. 1835 p. 683). It was certainly the coinage of Garddabha princes. In the sanskrit drama entitled " The Little Toy-Cart ''of the first century A. D. mention is made of Gaddhi-sr. Garddabhi-explained by commentators as coin ( WVilson J. R. A. S. III. 385). Of the ten Garddabha rulers of India, hitherto we know only two==DIsIjha (rAbda|) sthAnika prAkRta-5 (bhASAmAM) gadA uccAra thatA; brAhmaNoe tenuM saMskRta rUpa gardabha, gardabhina athavA gardabhinna (harAvyuM) che. hiMdanA vAyavya bhAgamAM eka vicitra vAto pracalita che. (ke) dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarIne paraNanAra ( eka kumAra )ne gadheDe-saMskRta gardabha-banAvI devAmAM36 AvyA hateA. te gardabha zabda kaDIsIjhanuM saMskRtamAM rUpAMtara che. saMskRta gardabha zabdanA artha gadheDuM thAya che. teTalA mATe, paradezI samaya tathA rAkhyA (35) vAyavya prAMteAmAM kheAlAtI prAkRta bhASAmAM DIsIjha rAbdane gadheDA thAya che ke kema te te tyAMnA vatanIo jANe: paNa A lekhaka mahAzaye tapAsa karI hazeja ane te uparathI A kathana utAryuM haro ema ApaNe mAnI levuM rahe che. (36) A vAta to geADhavavI paDI lAgI che. kemake nahIM te manuSyane pazu tarIke kema batAvAya? (ntue uparamAM TI. naM. 25) bAkI gardabha rAbdanuM upanAma A vazane zA mATe lagADayuM che te mATe AgaLa upara ga MdharrasenanA vRttAMte jue. (38) jIe pu. 2. sikkA na. 38, 39nuM varNana tathA tenuM citra: paTa naM. 2, ane 5. eTale A gadhaiyAM gabhava zI rAjAnA TharyA kahevAro ane tene samaya i. sa. pU. nI pahelI sadIne kahI rAkAro. (39) neka kaDIsIjhaneA mulaka, pannama ane kArimara che ane tenA vAstene, uttarahiMdanA pAMcAla ane sUrasenavALA prAtA che. jayAre ahIM tA mAtra ' pazcima bhArata mAthIja te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 13 (praznana) vaMzane khATuM nAma devAyuM che; je kALAMtare 'gardabhavaMza 'tarIke oLakhAyA che.7 prAcIna (kumayanA) gadha-paisA athavA gadhaiyAMka 8 pazcima bhAratanA ja aneka bhAgeAmAMthI maLI Ave che. (ja. e. se. beM. I. sa. 1835 nA Disembara aMka pR. 688 ) gardabha vaMzI rAtanA ja te sikkA che te cAsa che. I. sa. nI pahelI sadInAM mRtiiTaka nAme40 eLakhAtA saMskRta nATakamAM gI-saMskRta gardau-nA ullekha maLI Ave che; jene vivecakAe sikkA ( tarIke oLakhAvyA ) che, (ja. rU|. e. se. pu. 3 pR. 385: vilsananA lekha ) hiMdanA gardabhIla vaMzI daza rAjAe mAMthI41 adyApi paryaMta meneja4ra ApaNe . pIchAnIe chIe. ' [mArM TIppaNa-mAtra nAmeAcAranI sAmyatAne lIdhe temaNe tuAravaMzI kaDIsIjhane ane turavaMzI gardabhIlane eka mAnI laI dhe! khIcaDA bArI mA che. ApaNe pu. 5 nA aMte A kaDaphIsIjhanA kuzAna (37) A kaDIsIjhanA varAne koi paNa lekhake gabha-mATInu varA tarIke oLakhAvyA che ke uddezyo che, tevA dRSTAMta ApyA heta te, peAtAnA yanane jarUra samarthana maLata, sikkA maLI AvyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. te pazcima hiMdane (k. India) thAya prAMtA (N. I India) zA mATe mAnI levAya! che ? eka khAraMgI mAnI lyA ke, evA gadhaiyAM vAyavya prAMtemAMthI paNa maLI Ave che-AvyAM che-tA tyAM paNa gardabhIlavaMzI rAntaenI sattA jAmI hatI ema puravAra tharo. ( tue AgaLa upara vikramacaritranuM vRttAMta) paNa tethI te sikkAne kaDIsIjhanA varAnA mAnI levAne zuM kAraNa maLe che? (40) mRtAkaTika: mRta=mATI. ane zakaTikanAnuM gADuM': nAnu gADuM athavA mATInA khanAvelA gADA jevuM ramakaDuM (clay-cart); pachI saMskRta vyAkaraNanA niyame mRcchakaTika rAkhta thayA che. (41) jIe pR. 7 uparanuM lisTa (42) eTale lekhaka mahAzayanI gaNatrI kaDIsIjha pahelA ane banne, ema be vyakti kahevAnA thAya che. (temaNe peAtAne graMtha i. sa. 1920mAM mudrita karyA tyAre kadAca A che nAma" haze. paraMtu have te| kuzAnava'zanA paNa ghaNAM nAme maLI AvyAM che; temaja gada bhIlava`rAnA paNa ghaNAM nAmeA maLI AvyAM che. ) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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12 vaMzane madhya eziyAnI tukhAra jAtImAMthI utarI AvelI prajA tarIke puravAra karIzuM. matala ke tukhAra te turkI prajAnA varga che. jyAre tuAra te hiMdI kSatriyane aMza che; enI vacce kAI jAtanA kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI ] ahIM te| tAtparya eTale ja grahaNa karavAnA che ke gardabhIla vaMzI rAjAe tuArI kSatriya jAtinA hatA. have ApaNe te vaMzanA pratyeka rAjavInuM jIvana vRttAMta lakhavA udyama karIzuM. rAjAonAM nAma (1) darpaNa: gaMdharvasena: gadharUpa tenuM kharUM nAma darpaNa lAge che. paNa atinI gAdIe AvyA pachI gaMdharvasena nAma dhAraNa karyuM lAge che. teNe kevI rIte atinI gAdI prApta karI te vRttAMta uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale punarUkti karavA jarUra nathI. je uparathI mAnavuM rahe che ke te sAhasika vRttivALA temaja parAkramI hatA. vaLI teNe gardabhI nAmanI vidyA sAdhI hatI 3. eTale taMtrajaMtramAM paNa pravINa haze ema samajAya che, A vidyAprAptine lIdhe tenuM nAma gadharUpa44 paDI gayuM dekhAya che. temaja tenA vaMzanuM nAma paNa gardabhIla TharAvAyuM che. pote melI vidyAnA sAdhaka hevAthI, temaja nAnA rAjyanA svAmI maTI, meTA sAmrAjyanA (44) gadheDA jevuM jenuM maheAM arthAt rUpa hoya teH athavA gadheDAnA mahAM jevuM rUpa je dhAraNa karI zake te, evA arthamAM A rAkhyuM vaparAtA thayA lAge che. jIe uparamAM TI. na. (43) A vidhAnA prabhAva zuM hatA te mATe nue eka)ne samaya i. sa. pU. 74 che. pR. 2 nI hakIkata. (45) A AkhIye vArtAne prasaga bahu rasika ane bASaprada cheH atra te mAtra ApaNA khapannegIja hakIkata zvetArI che. sa pUrNa vAMcavAnu. jene mana hAya teNe ja. khe. cheM. ra. e. se. pu. 9 pR. 14thI 157 vAMcavAM. (46) A kAlikasUrI tudA ane zuMgavazI rA aLamitra bhAnumitranA mAmA je kAlisUrI hatA te paNa judA. khaLamitravALA kAlikasUri ne! samaya i. sa. pU. 155nA che tyAre A gaI bhIlava'rAnI sAthe sabaMdha dharAvanAra (gardabha>=A Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sakSama khaMDa dhaNI banI kheThe| heAvAthI, maTThAnmatta ane vyabhicArIpaNe vicaratA thayA hatA. have pachI varNavavAnA tenA vRttAMta uparathI jenI ApaNane pratIti thAya che. 45baMgALa taraphanA kAI kSatriya kuTuMbanA bhAI khar3ene jaina dIkSA laI, vihAra karatAM karatAM vi tavyatAnA yeAge avaMtimAM eka cAturmAsa karyuM hatuM: temanAM dIkSita nAma kAlikasUri46 ane sarasvatI hatAM. kAlikasUri vidvAna ane zAstra vizArada hAI yugapradhAnapadane pAmyA hatAH sAdhvI sarasvatI ati svarUpavAna ane lAvaNyamayI hatI. ekadA teNI geAcarI arthe bahAra nIkaLI hatI. tyAM rAkha gardabhIlanI dRSTie paDI gaI. rAnna mehAMdha banI bhAna bhUlA thayA ane sAdhvIne rAjapurUSA mAraphata pakaDAvI peAtAnA aMtaHpuramAM haDaselI dIdhI. A jIma ane niMdya AcArathI prajAmAM hAhAkAra thaI rahyo. nagarajanee bahu bahu vinaMti karI rAjAne samajANye, paNa keAInuM kahyuM mAnyuM nahIM. chevaTe kAlikasUrie pe|te paNa ArjavabharI prArthanA karIne sAdhvIne choDI devA marmamAM temaja khullI rIte samajAvyuM; paNu rAjA jyAre eka TaLIne khIjo naja thayuM| tyAre, svadharma rakSaNArthe te prasaMgane Apad dharma mAnI laI teNe vadhAre spaSTa samajavA mATe pu. 3, pR. 107 tathA AgaLa ane khAsa karIne TI. na. pa. pR. 107 jI. (47) jaina sAhitya graMthAmAM temano samaya ma. sa. 400-453=4. sa. pU. 127thI 74 ApyA che. jyAre ga bhIlane samaya ApaNe I. sa. pU. 74 thI 64 gaNAvyA che. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, temaNe jevA sAdhuverA tyAga karyA ke yugapradhAnapada jatuM rahyuM gaNavuM: ane sAztrIne pakaDavArUpa prasaMga paNa rAkha gAdIe AvatAne vAra thADA samayamAMja banyA haze. jayAre yuddha thavAnA ane gardabhIlane gAdI tyAga karavA paDayA che te I. sa. pU. 64mAM che; jethI vaccenAM daza varSoM ke eche.vadhatA vakhata je lAgyA gAya tene, sAdhvInuM pakaDAvuM thayuM tyArathI mAMDIne rAja hAryA tyAsudhIne samaya tarIke gaNave, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] sAdhuvezane tyAga karI, gAMDA mANasanI mAphaka AkhA zaheramAM karavA mAMDayuM. chatAM rAjAne sAna na AvI eTale prajAe paNa gAma khAlI karavA mAMDayuM. teNe te zaheranA tyAga karyuM tathA rAjAne potAnA kRtyanuM bhAna karAvavA ane ghaTatI zikSAe paheAMcADavAtA vicAra karI te dezATana mATe nIkaLI paDayeA. vATa vItADatA vItADatA rastA kApI siMdhu nadInI pelIpAranA zaka prajAnA dezamAM te paheAMcyA. tyAM ekAda varSa rahI, peAtAnI jyAtiSazAstra Adi vidyAthI teNe leAkAne sArA cAha ane mamatA meLavI lIdhAM. prasaMga sAdhIne te zaka prajAnA aneka sAmaMtanepa1 meTIka meTI jAgIra meLavI ApavAnuM vacana ApIne hiMdamAM teDI lAvyo. tee sarve IrAnI akhAta ane si~dhu nadInA taTa pradeze thaI saurASTramAM prathama utaryo. tyAre ceAmAsu AvI javAthI yuddha mATe nirUpayegI samaya jANI avaMti javAnuM mulatavI rAkhI saurASTramAM gheADA vakhata theAbhyA. te samaye temanIja zakajAtinA rAjA rUSabhadattanuM zAsana A saurASTra upara cAlatuM hatuM. eTale tenA taraphathI paNa sArI rIte Azraya samaya tathA sakhyA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (48) uparanI TI. na. 47 jue. (49) juo AgaLa upara dvitIyakha'DaeN TI. na. 9. (50) zA mATe ahIM gayA tenA kAraNa mATe AgaLa dvitIyakha'De TI. na'. 17 tathA TI. na', pa, jIe. (51) ja. i. hi. kA. pu. 12. pR. 17 (lekhaka prA. sTena kAnAra che.) I am inclined to agree with Mr. Jayaswal that the Sakas left Seistan during the reign of Mithradates II in consequence of the increasing pressure he was bringing on themHmigreDeTasa khInnanA rAjaamale rAka prazna upara je uparAsAparI dabANa karyuM` javAtuM hatuM tethI teo zistAna cheADI gayA hatA, ema je mi. jAcasvAlanuM ma'tanya che te sAthe hu` maLatA thavAnI IcchA chuM. [mArUM TippaNa-kAlikasUrinuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaina gra`dhAmAM ema lakhyuM che ke, je zaka sarakArI pAse madada mATe te gayA hatA te saradAromAM temanA zahenazAha taraphathI amuka prakAre mAMgu thatuM hatuM tyAre teee peAtAnA putrane bhAga ApavA mADha mekalI devA paDate hateA-A badhI hakIkta dezanI 13 ane AzvAsana maLI rahyAM. tyArapachI rUtu sAnukULa thatAM, gujarAtadvArA arvata upara teo hallA laI gayA. prathama teA rAjA gardabhIla potAnA bAhubaLa upara mustAka banIne yuddhamAM sAmA utaryA ane khUba jhajhumyA. paNa zaka prajAnAM zaurya ane tiraMdAjI13 tathA yuddhakaLAmAM nipuNatA joI aMte akaLAye. potAnI mUrkhAI najarA najara dekhavA lAgyA. paNa kare zuM! lAcAra banI, zaheranA daravAna baMdha karI dIdhA. ane amuka divase peAtAnI gardabhI vidyAnuM zaraNuM levAne nizcaya karyAM. zaheranA daravAjA rAjAe baMdha karAvyAnA samAcAra zakasainikAe kAlikasUrine paheAMcADayA. eTale have pachI rAjAe ramavAnI gata tathA zakasainikA mAthe jhajhumI rahelA bhayaM turata te samajI gayA. temaNe sarve saradArAne pAse kheAlAvIne jaNAvI dIdhuM ke, rAjA amuka divase vidyA sAdhaze ane sAdhanAnA aMte bhU'kaNunA avAja karaze. jethI te avAja tamArA kAne na paheAMce mATe kAnamAM rU Adi padArthoM nAMkhI zravaNa rUMdhana karavuM4 tathA jee tIra pheMkavAmAM ati nipuNa heAya tevA zahenazAha mithreDeTasa khInnanA samaye (I. sa. pU. 123thI 88=35 1: jue. pu. 3 pR. 145 uparanA kAMThA) khanI heAvAnI gaNavI rahe che.] zaka prajAnA A saraNane trI gaNavuM (jue pR. 3mAM zaMkaprajAnI hakIkata.) je rAjAne tyAM A kAlikasUrie Azraya lIdhA hatA tenuM nAma sAdhanasiMha hatuM ane tene 'zakrakularAnta kahIne saMkhAvyA che. jainagraMtheAmAM tene 'pArasakula rAtna' kahela che, (sarakhAve| pu. 3. pR. 294, 342. nI hakIkata). (5) jue pu. 3 mAM tenA vRttAMte (53) A AkhIye zakrapA (hiMdamAM temanAM traNa DhAMLAM AvyAnu` noMdhAyuM che) tira MdAjImAM niSNAta hatI. te mATe dharAvuMjIe pu. 3 mAM bhAnumitra vRttAMte pR. 110 ane bhUmaka vRtta te pR. 184 thI AgaLanI hakIkta tathA tenI TIkAo, (54) ane bAkInA khadhA lazkara, koTanI dvAlI eTale dUra tA rahevuM ke tethI te bhU'kaNanA avAja kAne sabhaLAya nahIM; jo sabhaLAya teA sAMbhaLanAra maraNa pAme evI te vidyAnI rAkti hatI. (sarakhAve| pu. 2 nI hakIkata) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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14 sainikAe ja mAtra killA upara caDI jaI, jene rAjA bhU kaNa karavAne pAtAnuM mhAM udhADe ke turatA turata ane uparA uparI evAM te bANa cheDavAM ke sarve tenA mhAMmAM ja AvIne sIdhA bhAMkAya55 tathA tenA jaththAyI evuM te mhAM bharI devuM ke pAchA avAja paNa bahAra nIkaLI na zake. A pramANenI saveLAnI cetavaNI maLI javAthI te bahu prasanna thayA ane kAlikasUrine AbhAra mAnatA temanI AjJAne zirAdhArya caDhAvI, TharAvela divase ane samaye killAnI rAMga upara caDhI taiyAra thaI beThA. tathA tIra kAmaThAM susajjita karI rAkhyAM. jevuM rAjA gardabhIle bhUMkaNa karavA mhoM udhADayuM ke satvara ane TapoTapa bhAthAmAMthI tIrA kADhI, jANe kema varasAda na varasatA heAya tema, kAmaDAM upara caDAvI caDAvIne kheDavAM ja mAMDayAM ane rAjAnuM mhoM bharI dIdhuM. dhAryA pramANe pariNAme AvyuM. rAjAe dInamukhA thaI sAme AvI salAhasamAdhAna mAMgyu. kAlikasUrine khIjAM tA kAMi joItuM naheAtuM ja; temane vera vALIne kAMI khadalA paNa levA naheAtA. eTale potAnI bahena sarasvatI sAdhvIne baMdhikhAnethI cheADI devAnI prathamA prathama mAgaNI karI. pachI sarve zaka saradArAne je vacana ApIne atra sudhI laI AvyA hatA te pramANe vacana pALI mATI meTI temane nIrA ApI ane rAtna gardabhIlane jIvatA rAkhI pAtAnA putra parivAra sAthe deza tyAga karavAnuM saMbhaLAvI dIdhuM. A banAvanI tArIkha ma. saM. 463=I. sa. pU. 64 neAMdhavI rahe che. ga bhIla vazanA aMta (55) A kriyA teA najarathI karavAnI hoya che. tene kAMi avarNapriya sAthe sa MbaMdha na kahevAya. (sarakhAve TI. na'. 54) (56) eka rIte ema anumAna upara javAya che ke gAdityAga pachI te kAIka ajJAta sthAne rahyo haze ane tyAM (ju uparanI TI. naM. 7) sADAtraNa varSa bAda maraNa pAmyA haro; tema thayuM heAya te tenuM maraNu ma, sa466= 4. sa. 1. 61mAM thayuM lakhavuM rahe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sakSama khaMDa A pachI rAjA gardabhIlanuM zuM thayuM te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paNa tenA putroe17 dakSiNamAM 818 te vakhatanA avaMtipati ariSTakarNanA AzarA lIdhe hatA. A rAnna kAMIka parAkramI te temaja jainadharmI paN hatA. eTale tyAM javAmAM gardabhIla putrone ArAya e hAI zake ke eka te svadharmI rALa che eTale Azraya paNa maLaze, temaja prasaMga paDaye jo avaMtimAM havenA rAjakartA zakarALa sAme mAthuM uMcakavuM paDaze, te temane hAMkI kADhavAmAM tathA pharIne avaMtinI gAdI hastagata karavAmAM tenI sahAya bahu madadarUpa nIvaDaze. temanI A gaNatrI pAchaLathI sAcI paNa paDI hatI je ApaNe AgaLa upara joIzuM. hAla teA avaMtinI gAdI upara zakaprajAnuM rAjya pravartatuM thaI cUkyuM che. mATe temane adhikAra kevA cAlyA hatA tenuM ja kAMIka digdarzana karAvavuM rahe che. tenA aMta tathA rAjya vistAra nahANanA rAjyamAMnA aravallInI pazcimanA pradeza upara tathA saurASTramAM, rUSabhadattanI ANu jAmI hatI ane tApInI dakSiNanA mulaka upara aMtrapatinI sattA cAlatI hatI. athavA kadAca geAdAvarI nadInA mULavALA pradeza sudhI jo gardabhIlanI sattA hatI ema gaNavuM heya te paNa te nAmazeSarUpa hatI ema ja lekhavuM raheze. eTale ema sAra rAjya mAtra avaMtinA pradeza rahyuM hatuM. nIkaLe che ke tenuM upara ja jaLavAI (57) vizeSa putrA hatA ke kema te jaNAyuM nathI paNa kramamAM krama traNa tA hatA: AgaLa upara temanuM vRttAMta Avaze. (58) A vakhate aprapatinI gAdInu' sthAna pratiSThAnapure nahotuM; paNa nahapANanA jamAi rUSabhadatta sAthenA yuddhamAM hArI javAthI temane vara'guLanA pradezamAM rAjagAdI lai javI paDI hatI. eTale gabhIlaputrA tyAM gayAhatA ema samajavuM, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda InTareganama---- aMtarkALa saMkSipta sAra --aMtarkALa zabda je bhAvArthamAM vAparyAM che tenI samajUti-- zakaprajAnI khAsiyatA tathA temaNe hiMda tarapha karelAM aneka saraNanA itihAsa--je saMjoga vacce temane hiMdamAM AvavAnuM nimaMtraNa thayuM hatuM tenuM varNana--A AmaMtraNa kevuM bhAre paDI gayuM hatuM tenA TuMka khyAla--zakarAjAonI vaMzAvaLI tathA temanA adhikAra samayanuM varNana-- zakAra vikramAditya tathA aMdhrapati zAta sAthe temaNe karelA yuddhanA hevAla ane temAMthI nipajeluM pariNAma vidizA, bhinnA ane ujainI nagarInA zAsaka evA aneka vaMzI avaMtipatinA samaye thaI rahela te nagarIAnA aitihAsika prabhAva tathA vikAsa-puSpapura nagara keTalAM ane kyAM hoI zake tenuM kareluM pRthakkaraNa--jaina saMpradAyavALAe avaMtinA pradezane keTaluM mahattva ApI zake te mATe te sthAnanuM aitihAsika temaja sAhityika dRSTie kareluM nirUpaNu--

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InTareganamanAM [ saptama khaMDa InTareganama (InTa=vaccagALe ane reganama= mukhyataH jaina sAhitya graMthanA AdhAre jaNAvelI rAjyAbhiSeka) eTale ke koI rAjA gAdIe bese samajavI. paNa vaidika AmnAyanA garga saMhitA nAme khare paraMtu vidhipUrvaka tene tiSu vidyAnA jUnA pustakanA graMthanA che yugapurANu artha, samaya tathA rAjyAbhiSeka na thAya tyAM sudhInA nAmane je adhyAya joDe che temAM paNa tathAsvarUpe ja nAma kALaje InTareganama kahI zakAya. te hakIkata mAlUma paDe che. A pramANe banne svataMtra AvA banAva banyAnuM jema purAvA hevAthI ApaNe te narA satya tarIke ja svIkAravI prAcIna samaye (juo azokavardhana mauryanuM dRSTAMta) rahe che. vaLI A bAbata upara bibliothIkA seMdhAyuM che tema sAMpratakALe paNa banatuM ApaNe joie inDikA (Bibliothera Indica) nAme graMthAvaLImAM chIe (juo mAjI samrATe sAtamA eDavAnA ane bRhatasaMhitAnA aMgrejI upoddaghAtamAM che. jene kAMIka pacamanA tathA tatra vAna ApaNe vartamAna ullekha karIne zodharasika purUnuM dhyAna te tarapha samrATa chaThTha rjanAM daSTAMto). A pramANenA AzayamAM kheMcyuM che. A uparathI prasiddha purAtattva vizArada InTareganama zabda meM vAparyo nathI. paNa prAcIna samaye paMDita jayasvAlajIe paNa keTalAka prakAza pADI, dhI silenamAM (juo pu. 2 pR. 264 TI. naM. 71) ane jaranala oNpha dhI bihAra enDa orissA rIsarca vartamAnakALe aphaghAnistAnamAM pelA baMDakhora baccAnA sosAITI nAmaka sAmAyika patramAM 1928nA sapTembaranA amala aMge keTaloka samaya je aMdhAdhUnI cAlI rahI aMkamAM aMgrejI anuvAda ane TIpaNa sAthe te chapAvyo hatI ane kema jANe rAjAnuM astitva ja na hoya tevI che. eTale dareka rIte A prakaraNa have te itihAsanA paristhiti vartI rahI hatI tevA bhAvArthamAM A zabda eka svIkArAyelA satya tattva jevuM ja banI gayuM che. vaparAya che ema samajavuM. A zaka prajA jyAre have hiMda upara rAjakarNo kema AvI sthitine samaya keTalAka graMthakAroe cAra tarIke jaNAI gaI che tyAre temano itihAsa vizeSapaNe varSano jaNAvyo che. jyAre anyoe sAta sADAsAta ApaNe jANuM ja rahe che. * varSane paNa darzAvyo che. A pAchalI hakIkata vizeSa chaThThA khaMDamAM eka zaka prajAnuM varNana ApaNe vyAjabI jaNAya che. jo ke temaNe je nAmAvalI karI gayA chIe. paNa teo rAjyasattA upara AvyA noMdhI che te uparathI te te samaya lagabhaga sADAATha te pahelAM temano vasavATa hiMdamAM thaI gayo hate varSa jeTalA paNa labA dekhAya che. tethI temane ApaNe hiMdI zaka-inDasithiansatarIke A aMdhAdhUnInA samaya daramyAna avaMti upara saMbodhyA che. jyAre A prajA temanAja dezanI hatI zakaprajAne amala hatA. temaNe kevI aMdhAdhUnI calAvI kharI, eTale temane zaka te kahevAyaja; paNa hiMdamAM hatI te AgaLa upara jovAze. paNa A prajA kyAMthI temaNe rAjya karavA mAMDayuM te pUrve tAjetaramAM ja caDhAI AvI che temanuM Agamana zA kAraNe thavA pAmyuM? vigere laI AvI ne vijaya meLavyo hato tethI temane te TUMka hakIkata, gata paricchede rAjA gaMdharvasenanuM vRttAMta taphAvata darzAvavA ApaNe teone zaka-zahenazAhI zakalakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. tene havAle ApIne athavA aMgrejImAM Scythians, True Scythians atre eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM ke, tyAM utArelI hakIkata sithiansa tarIke ja oLakhAvIzuM (1) jIo pu. 1, pR. 202 TI. naM. 33; tathA uparamAM thIki vIra nivANase 46 varSa ke bAda 462meM ka rAja saptamakhaMDe prathama paricade TI. naM. 7nI hakIkata. utpanna huA(A gaNatrIe 8aaaa varSane kALa thayo kahevAze. (2) nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 bhAga 1, pR. 732 TI. vaLI sarakhA nIcenI TI. na. 3.). 104mAM jaNAvyuM che ke "mata vikalpame eka mAnyatA yaha (3) jue uparanI TI. na. 2.

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- * 17 dvitIya pariracheda ] artha, samaya tathA nAma prathama temanI khAsiyate kAMIka aMze jANI laIe. rAjya IrAnanI hakumata AvI. te lagabhaga doDhathI be temanuM vatana zistAna gaNAya che ema jaNAvI gayA saikA sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. eTale A prajA pitAnI chIe. pUrvamAM te siMdhanI, pazcime pUrvanI keTalIka hiMdI khAsiyata bhUlI paNa gaI. A temanI khAsiyata IrAnanI ane uttare kSaharATa pramANe temanI saMskRtinA be prastAra thayA gaNI zakAya prajAnI sAthe nikaTa vyavahAramAM (1) siMdhupati udAyananA amala taLene (2) ane AvavAthI te traNe prajAnI rItabhAta ane AcAra bIje irAnanI zahenazAhatane; (3) uparAMta, eka ToLuM vicAre temaNe potAnAmAM utArI lIdhAM hatAM. prathamanA I. sa. pU. pAMcamI sadInI madhyamAM, raNa oLaMgIne siMdha upara, jyAre udAyananuM svAmitva bahuja prabhAvavaMtu hiMdamAM vyApArArthepa AvI caDayuM hatuM temaNe vartamAna nIvaDayuM hatuM tyAre tenI asara A zaka prajA upara jodhapura rAjyanI hadamAM eziyA nAmanI nagarI sauthI vizeSa paDI hatI. te eTale sudhI ke udAyananI vasAvI tyAM vasAhata banAvyuM. (juo pu. 3 pR. 386 prajAmAM pradhAnapaNe je jainadharma paLAto hato temAM nI vigata) (4) teTalAmAM vaLI temanA upara dUra A prajA ekadama saMlagna ane anurata-ekAkAra thaI dUrathI bIjI navIja hakumata utarI AvI; A gaI hatI. paNa jyArathI rAjA udAyane vRtta aMgikAra satA pelA yuvana bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhanI jANavI. karI jainadIkSA lIdhI hatI ane potAnA uttarAdhikArI jo ke A sattA te mAtra 25-30 varSa ja TakavA tarIke bhANejane gAdIe besAryo hate; temaja te navA pAmI hatI, paNa jyArathI tene saradAra selyukasa rAjAe pitAnA maMtrInI udhI salAhathI prajA upara nikeTare pitAnI putrIne magadhapati azekavardhanane julma tathA sattAne dara pADavA trAsa vartAvavA mAMDe paraNAvI ane dAyajAmAM A mulaka ApI dIdhe hato tyArathI te te prajA trAsI gaI hatI. teTalAmAM (5) tyArathI te prajA vaLI AryAvartanA hiMdI rAjAnA adhurAmAM pUruM jyAre te ja rAjA udAyana, sAdhunA amala taLe AvI gaI. A amala paNa lagabhaga vezamAM pAcho potAnA pradezamAM, prajAnA temaja bhANeja piNI sadI sudhI samrATa azoka ane tenA pautra rAjavInA kalyANa arthe upadeza ApavA utarI Avyo priyadarzinanA rAjyanA aMta sudhI laMbAyo hato. te hatA, tyAre te bhANeja rAjavIe temano satkAra karavAne bAda mauryavaMrAnI sattA nabaLI paDI ane (6) te badale maMtrInI salAhathI AhAramAM viSa bheLavIne mulaka hamezane mATe ahiMdI rAjakartAnI mukhatyArImAM rAjarSine mArI nAMkhavAno prayatna karyo hato tyArathI cAlyo gayo. pachI te IrAnamAM zahenazAha miDeTasanA A hiMdu rAjAnI paDatI thavA mAMDI hatI. ane thoDAja rAjyakALe thayela dabANane lIdhe temaja madhyadeza uparanA kALamAM te rAjA temaja pradeza, devakepanA bhoga thaI zaharATa bhUmakanA samaye tenI rAjanItithI AkarSAIne paDayA hatA. jenA pariNAme tenuM rAjanagara daTAI je be nAnAM ToLAM hiMdamAM utarI AvyAM hatAM tenI gayuM ane vartamAna jesalamIranA moTA raNano uddabhava ApaNe pu.3.pU.348mAM noMdha lIdhI che. (7) tathA chevaTe thayo tathA purANAtatvanA vizAradanA abhyAsanuM eka eka ToLAne hiMdamAM AvavAne prasaMga pAchA upasthita kAryakSetra ughaDayuM. A pramANe A mohanajADerAne pUrvabhUta thayo hato. A pramANe dekhItI rIte sAteka vakhataitihAsa pu. 1 pR. 225 thI AgaLamAM jaNAvavAmAM paNa vAstavika rIte traNa cAra vakhataja, mAtra cArathI Avyo paNa che. tyArabAda A mulaka upara pADelI pAMca sadImAM ja, temanA upara keTalIye rAjakata sattAne (4) siMdhadezamAM Avela mohanajAranAM je avaze hAlamAM purAtatva khAtAne maLatAM rahyAM che te uparathI A hakIkatanI satyatAnuM mApa kADhI zakAze. (5) dhaNuM karIne irAnI zahenazAhanA trAsathI kaMTALIne A hijarata thaI haze ema samajAya che.

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18 zaka prajAnuM rakSaNa [ saptama khaMDa adalabadale thaI gayo hato. jethI keTalAka aMzo je jainAcArya taka sAMdhI hatI'; kemake e te dekhItuM ja jamAnAne anusarIne temanAmAM pravezavA joitA hatA thaI gayuM hatuM ke, zuMgavaMzI rAjyaamale rAjAmAM athavA kaho ke te pramANe temaNe sudharavuM joItuM hatuM tathA prajAmAM strIlaMpaTapaNane lIdhe atyaMta zithilAcAra tene badale teo emane ema rahI gayA hatA. eTale praveza thavA pAmyo hato. temAM kAMIka aMze nahapANanA zakasthAnamAM utarI AvyA pahelAM, eziyAI turka amala daramyAna, (te temaja tenA jamAI rUSabhadattamAM stAnamAMnI temanI mULa khAsiyate je pUrapaNAnI, paNa zaka prajAne A saddaguNa taravarato hate ) je DharacAravAnI, ghoDesvArInI, tiraMdAjInI I. I ke sudhAro thayo hato kharo, paNa gardabhIlavaMzanI hatI te emane ema jaLavAI rahI hatI. chatAM sattA thavA bAda, ane teno mULa sthApaka rAjA rAjakatI koma-prajAnA vahevAramAM paNa sAthe sAthe gaMdharvasena pote ja vyabhicArI hevAthI, pAchA tenA teo thoDAghaNA ghaDAtA jatA hatA. te divaso ja prajAne te jevA rahyA hatA. temanAmAM jema keTalAka avaguNa ke durguNo hatA paNa pAchaLathI thayela anubhave bedhapATha Apo tema keTalAka saddaguNo paNa hatA. sAdhAraNa rIte AvI che ke, A rakSaNa te prajAne bahu bhAre paDI gayuM hatuM. rIte ardhajaMgalI luMTArU ane DhoracArU prajAmAM strI kAraNa ke A zaka lekanA sAtathI cAritrya ane zAla mATe bahu sanmAna hoya che. jene A rakSaNa aMte ATha varSanA rAjazAsanamAM IsAra ApaNe pu.pR.357mAM karI gayA chIe.te mujaba bhAre paDI gayuM temane ghaNuM ghaNuM zoSavuM paDayuM A prajAmAM paNa te naitika saguNa khIlela hato. hatuM. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa temanA jethI karIne ja A prajAnI madada levAne kAlikasUri julma sAme je vastImAMthI koI mAthuM uMcakatuM te (AgaLa ApaNane khabara ApavAmAM Avaze) nAme temane bAnamAM pakaDI laI jatAM tathA luMTaphATa karI, (6) A rakSaNa meLavavAmAM kAlikarie zAnA mAtra [saMbhava che ke upaniSada ane zratikArano samaya I. sa. A ekaja saguNane vicAra karyo hato ema nahIM. paNa 5. nI ATha thI dasamI sadI gaNAya che, tyAre cAritrayazIanya muddA paNa vicAryA haze; jevA ke, temanA zauryane latAne bahuja mAna apAtuM haze. paNa te bAda jyAre buddhatathA janadharma pratye temanA pakSapAtapaNAne; A traNe muddA deva ane mahAvIrane udabhava thaye tenI pUrveja vaidika madhyadezanI prajAmAM bhUmaka ane nahapAnA lagabhaga 80 matane 3pa pharI gayuM haze; ane temAM cAritranI avanatI varSa uparanA amalane lI-jANItA thaI gayA hatA. paNa thaI haze- sarakhAvo paritrANAya sAdhUnAmu-saMbhavAmi | (sarakhA nIcenI TI. naM. 21) poyaNe vALa kanAM gaurava ane gAMbhirya.. (7) zuMgavaMzI rAjAo upara, pataMjalI mahAzayanA 10 zaka prajA, zIla ane cATiyamAM kAMIka uccapada upadezanI temaja kanyavaMzI amAtyAnI prabaLa asara hatI dharAvatI hatI ja. paNa teo avaMtinI jUnI vastInA te to nirvivAdita che ja. vaLI 5taMjalI mahArAya tathA saMsargamAM AvavAthI, saMgatiSanI vadhatA ochA kharI ? kAtyAyana vaMzI pradhAne, upaniSada ane zratikAranAja anu- bhAga thaI paDI hatI. jenAM daSTAMta ApaNane AgaLa upara A yAyIo che. temaja A upaniSadakAronI janmabhUmi paNa gabhIlavazI rAja bhatRharIna jIvana caritre vAMcavI paDI. zakasthAna che: teja zikasthAnanI prajA-je A zaka prajA-jyAre (9) ja, ba, i. je. e. se. pu. 9 pR. 139 strI maryAdAne athavA zIlane bhaMga ke anAdara thate sahana (ka. e. I. pR. 104) In fact the Jaina ChrokarI zakatI nahatI tyAre te ja upaniSadakAranA anuyAyI nicles live 17 years to a Saka rule at Ujjain pataMjalI mahArAya vigere pitAnA samayamAM strIlaMpaTapaNuM from B. c. 57 to 74 when satigani was je kAryathI prajAmAM praverA thAya tevAM pagalAM kema bharatAM Raja of Paithan=kharI rAta I. sa.5. thaI gayAM haze te aNaukelyuM ukhANuMja gaNAze! sudhInA 17 varSanA gALAmAM ujaina upara zaka prajAnuM rAjya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] aMte bhAre paDI gayuM gAmaDAMne gAmaDAM, zaherone zahere ke pradezanA pradeza mahAbaLavAna ambATa thaze. jenI sAme kaI raNa ujjaDa karI detA hatA. ATalI TUMka mudatanA temanA mAMDI nahIM zake evo e rAtI AMkhano zaka, puSpapura12 rAjyavahIvaTamAM paNa prajA to trAhI trAhI piokArI uThI upara caDAI karaze. e nagare te AvI pahoMcatAM hatIH vidizA ane ujanIno A pradeza vastIhIna zahera khAlI thayeluM che. pachI te rAtI AMkhano banI gayo hato ane AvA julmamAMthI kaI rakta vastradhArI maleccha aglATa anAtha vastImAM tAraNahAra AvI maLe te ThIka evI varSARtunA kala calAvI zahera ujADaze. e rIte te rAjA mevanI peThe hiMdI prajA rAha jotI divase gALI e zaheramAM cAturvarNano nAza karaze. pachI cAra rahI hatI. varNathI nIca kene zaheramAM vasAvato chato rAtI ATalI TUMkI mudatamAM paNa A zaka prajAnA AMkhano e aslATa ane enA bAMdhava nAza pAMca rAjAo thaI gayA hatA. temanuM kAMI paNa pAmaze. tenA julmI amalano aMta AvatAM rahIsahI varNana ApaNI kalamathI lakhavA karatAM je varNana raiyatane 18 pachI gopALade evA nAmano zaka rAjA yugapurANamAM ApeluM che te ja sadAbarU atre thaze. e gopALa eka varSa rAja bhogavI puSpaka utArIzuM jethI vAcakavargane tene saMpUrNa khyAla AvI sAthe laDatAM tenA hAthe mAryo jaze. pachI te adharmo zakaze. " e zakAmAM jenI mUDI dhanuSa haze evo puSpaka nAmane oNra0 rAjA thaze. te paNa eka hatuM ema jaina tavArIkhamAM jaNAveluM che. ane te samaye (13) zaka prajA A nagaramAM dAkhala thaI tyAre paNa piThaNamAM zAtiganI rAjA hato (mArUM TIppaNa-zAtiganI nagara khAlI jevuM ja hatuM, kAraNa ke prajA hijarata karIne nahIM paNa zAtakaraNI rAjA hatA. A hakIkata aMdhavaMzanA bahAra nIkaLI gaI hatI. ane thoDI ghaNI vasatI rahI hatI vRttAMtamAM pu. 5 mAM apAzeH vaLI A 17 varSanA Ake je tenI kala calAvavAmAM AvI hatI. nIce TI. naM. 14 khIcaDe ubho karyo che te A ja pustakamAM vikrama tathA gata paricchede TI. na. 49 nI juo. saMvatasaranI hakIkata jaNAvavAmAM Avaze.) (14) uparanI TIkA naM. 13 jue. (10) A viSaya gujarAtanA eka mahAna sAkSara zrI (15) eTale koI varNane bhedabhAva rAkhyA vinA sarva divAnabahAdara kezavalAla harSadabhAI dha vyAkhyAna rUpe hiMdI prajAne nAza karyo hate ema samajavuM. Apela che je guxxsenA buddhiprakAzamAM pu. 76 pR. 88 (16) eTale pitAnI jJAtanI zaka prajAne ke jemAM upara chapAyala che temAMthI udadhata (juo tenuM pR. 90). kAMI varNa jevuM hatuM ja nahIM. (11) upara 'temanI khAsiyate" vALa pArigrApha (17) A prajAnI, temAM paNa khAsa karIne ambATanA sarakhA. svabhAvanI pichAna karAvI che. (12)maLa pustakamAM gAmanuM nAma khAlI hatuM paNa bhASAMtara (18) upara je naM. 13 mAM zaherane khAlI thayeluM kahyuM kAre magadha dezanuM pATaliputra nagara jANIne pu5pura nAma che, tene artha samajAvatAM ema jaNAve che ke, thoDI ghaNuM goThavI dIdhuM che. vaLI jyAM jyAM nagaranuM nAma A pAri vastI bAkI hatI to kharI ja, grAphamAM AvyuM che tyAM tyAM teja nAma darzAvAyuM che. bAkI tene (19) A bhale zaka prajAne rAja che. paraMtu temanAmAM artha A pramANe karavAno che, khIlelA pApothI che bharapura ApaNA hiMdI jevAM nAme hatAM te batAve che ke temAM, evuM zahera te pupapura kahevAya. matalaba ke A nagaramAM Arya saMskRtinAM bIja hatAM ja, sarakhA naravAhana, uSabhadhaNA bAgabagIcA, udhAna, vigere hatAM. jema khIlelAM papa datta vigere nAme. manane AnaMda Ape che tema A zahera paNa vepAra udyogathI (20) pleccha ane yavananA taphAvata mATe juo 5, 3 khIleluM hoI manane AnaMda ApatuM hatuM e paNa bIje pR. 246 TI. naM. 1, tAtparya e che ke, yupI prajA nahIM artha thaI zake che. ahIM bane artha A nagarane lAga tevAne athavA malIna IcchAvALAne, 7; mala+IcchA mala paDatA hatA, kahetAM malina che IcchA jemane te maleche,

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20 varasa rAja bhagavI mAryA jaze. pachI jenI sAthe kASTa paNa raNa mAMDI na zake evA ati ghaNA khaLavAna zarvila rAjA thaze te paNa traNa varSa pRthvI bhAgavI mAryA jaze. te pachI brAhmaNAnA dveSI 1 tarIke duniyAmAM jANItA kAI badanAma rAjA cazeH enuM bhUMDuM rAjya traNa varSa paheAMcaze. pachI te dhanate leAbhI, bhUMDAI nA bharelA, pApI mahAbaLavAna zaMkapati, kaliMgarAja zAtanI2 bhUmine bhUkhyA, kaliga deza para caDAI karI jIva khAze. ane bhAlADAMthI23 saMgrAmamAM aMga vaDhAI jai sarve thrIya adhama zakAne saMhAra vaLaze te niHsaMzaya che. pachI te zAntimAM uttama rAjA24, potAnI senAthI pRthvI hastagata karI dasamuM vaSa~ jIvatAM maraNa pAmaze. sarva mahAbaLavAna zaka rAjAe dhanalAbhI haro. zaka rAjya ucchinnapa thaze. tyAre [magadhanI] (avaMtinI joie) bhUmi zaka rAjAo (21) brAhmaNanA dUSI eTale vaidikadharmImAM nahIM mAnanAra tevA. A hakIkata paNa dekhADe che ke rAkaprAmAM jaina dharmAMnA aMzA hatA ja: pAchaLathI priyadarzine te pAzcA hatA ane tethI ja jainAcA' kAlikasUrie temanA Azraya levAne lalacAvelA hatA (sarakhAve| upara prathama paricchede TI. naM. 50) tathA A paricchede TI. na, 6. (22) zatavahanava'zI rAjyane TUMkamAM rAta paNa kahetA (jIe pu. 5 temanuM vRttAMta) ane zatakuLanA je rAna tene zAta kahevAya. ahIM tevA arthamAM vaparAyeA che. vaLI A uparathI sAbita thAya che ke te samaye kaliMga deza adhapati rAtavahanavI rAntanA tAbAmAM hatA. (23) kAI jAtanuM zasra ke asra haro. vadhAre sa'bhava astranuM che. tIranuM pAnuM, (24) save adhrapati rAtavahuneAmAM A rAnnanuM sthAna ekadama UMcuM gaNyuM che. (sarakhAvA pu. 5 mAM tenuM vRttAMta) vaLI A jIta meLavyA pachI te daza varSAM ja jIvata rahyo che. ema paNa kahI dIdhuM. (rapa) ahIMthI rAka prazna unni thaI (sarakhAve| gautamIputranI mAtA rANI khaLazrInA zilAlekhanI hakIkata) (21) puSpapuranA nArA tathA tenI pAra ja kAi bIjI nagarIne vasavuM thayuM hatuM ema samajavuM. sarakhAve uparanI TI, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sakSama khaMDa ujjaDa haze. tyArathI puSpapura6 jUnuM raheze. ane janArane khAvA dhAze. bhaviSyamAM te kAI navIna vaMzanA 27 rAjAnI rAjadhAnI thaze e AziSa che." zaka rAjAo vize vizeSa yugapurANanA uparanA kathanathI temanI vaMzAvaLI A pramANe gADhavI zakAya che. ma. sa. 463-46 3 (1) amlATa (2) geApALa29 463-464 (3) puSpaka (4) zarvila (5) ajJAtaH 44-465 4650467 467-470 badanAma I. sa. pU. va 64-63 vA 63-63 nA 63-62 1 62-60 rA 60-57 sA varSA thI cha na. 12. tathA nIcenA 'apApA nagarI ' vALA pArigrAphanI hakIka (27) navInava'za eTale bIjo vaMza, zaka praznanuM rAjya paNa nahIM tema zAtava zanu paNa nahIM. vaLI jIo TI. na. 280 (28) rAjadhAnI eTale rAjanagara. te zaheramAM navIna vazanA rAjA peAtAnI gAdI sthApaze. sarakhAve 'apApA nagarI' vALe! nIcenA pArigrApha eTale ke je rAjana zaka prajAneA nAza karaze te rAna peAtAnI gAdI tyAM sthApIne navInavarA calAvaze. (ra) A nAma sa MskRta jevAM che. jyAre paDita jAyasvAlajI temane grIka saradAre sAthenA sabaMdha hevAnuM (jue ja, bI. e. vI. seA. 1928 sapTeMbara aka pR. 142) jaNAve che. A upara chu. pra. pu. 76 pR. 100 mAM di. kha. kezavalAla hadabhAi dhruva sAhebe jaNAvyuM che ke, emanAM sa MskRta nAmathI jaNAya che ke siMdhu nadInA be mAtrunA pradezamAM vasI hiMdI banI gayelA zakeAnA e va'zaja che. ane dinA (ga`gA yamunA vaccenA) pradeza zakAe te vakhate jItI lIdheleA jaNAtA nathI: (kahevAnI matalaba ke, (1) A zAne inDasithiansa sAthe saMbaMdha hatA. (2) tathA AzA uttara hiMdamAMthI Avela nathI temaja temanI sAthe temane kAMi sabaMdha paNa nathI, (keTalAka vidvAne www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricheda ] vize vizeSa uparanI hAramALAmAMnA aMtima rAjAnuM rAjya teNe zaka prajAne saMhAra vALyo te mATe havethI rAzinuM cAlatuM hatuM tyAre eTale ke I. pU. 57nA pahelA birUda teNe prApta karyuM. temaja zakaprajAnA trAsathI caraNamAM jadeg, marahuma gardabhIla-gaMdharvasenanA je putro luMTaphATanI nItirItithI tathA vAraMvAranI kaleAmathI dakSiNamAM Azraya mATe cAlI gayA hatA temaNe avaMtinI prajA eTalI badhI to trAsI gaI hatI, ke tyAMnA aMdhapati ariSTakarNanI saMpUrNa sahAyatA laI tevA asahya saMkaTamAMthI temane mukti apAvanAra A zapati-avaMti upara humale laI javAnuM prayANa vikramAdityanA saMvatasarane te yAdagAra jItanA smaraNa AdaryuM. vacce narmadA nadInA taTa pradezamAM kArU33 mATe te divasathI prAraMbha karI dIdha34. eTale ApaNe mukAme jabaradasta-bhISaNa saMgrAma jAgyo. A bhayaMkara paNa te divasane vikrama saMvatsara 1 nA prathama dina ane khUnakhAra yuddhamAM zaka prajAno borakUTo vaLI tarIke jaNAvIzuM jethI ma. sa. 15470=I. sa. pU. gayo ane gardabhIla kumAra vikramAdityane jaya thayo. 57=vi. saMvata 1 jANa. A zaka prajAne uttara hiMdamAMthI AvelI mAne che teo (31) jIo prathama paricchede pR. 14. A uparathI vicAra karaze). (32) keTalAka vidvAno A laDAInuM sthAna udepura 5. jAyasvAlajI A azloTa vigerene grIka saradAronI pAsenuM maMdAra gaNAve che. paNa te na hoI zake. sAthe paTAvavA Icche che. te banavA joga nathI ema abhi- te bAbata AgaLa u5ra saMvatasaranI carcA vALA prAya ApI potAnI dalIlamAM jaNAve che ke, (1) vAyupurANa- paricachede jue. nA mate A rAjAone se kahyA che: temane yavana kahA (33) ke. hi. I. pR. 533 (TI. naM. 1) These nathIne teo grIka heta te vAyupurANamAM temane yavana kings (Gandabhillas) appear to have been, zabda vAparata (2) yavane parAkramI na hatA jyAre zake according to the Furanas the successors of jaMgalI luTArA hatA: mahAna alekajhAMDaranI peThe grIkavIro Andhras) (See Kali Age pp. 44-6, 72) from sAmAM thanAra AryAvatIonI, kala karatA hatA eTale aMze the account which represents Vikramaditya temanuM parAkrama kalaMkita lekhAya. jyAre zako to kaleAma as having come to Ujjain from Pratisthanpur calAvatA hatA ane dhananA dhanera hatA, e badhuM dhyAnamAM purANa graMthanA AdhAre pramANe A gadaMbhIlavaMzI rAjAo letAM vidvAna saMsRtAe (paMDita jAyasvAlae sUcavelI AMdhranI pachI gAdIe AvanAra gaNAya che. ane je pramANe ekatA saMbhavatI nathI. paM. jAyasvAlajI ambATanI tamaNe 1Nane lakhyuM che te vAlaja asthAnI temaNe varNana lakhyuM che te uparathI dekhAya che ke, vikamAAmyntas sAthe, gopAla bhAmanI Apollophanes nI ditye pratiSThAnapurathI ujaina tarapha Agamana karyuM haze. [mAra. sAthe, puSpakanI Penkelaos nI sAthe, tA zarvilanI zo- TIpaNu-AMkanI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra nathI ja: gAdInAM ilos nI sAthe ekatA dharAvavA mAge che, te barAbara nathI. sthAna ja judAM cheH 5zuM ApaNe je pramANe hakIkta AlekhI miAruM TIpaNa ApaNe to yavana ane zaka prajA vaccenA che te pramANe sarva vastusthiti hatI. kevA ThekANe vidvAnoe prakRti guNa vaccenuM aMtara ja jANavuM rahe che: ane jANitA purANakAra ne samajavAmAM bhUla khAdhI che te ApoApa vidvAno tarka bAMdhavAmAM kevI kevI ane kayAM sudhI kalpanA samajI zakAya tema che.] doDAve jAya che te paNa nihALavuM rahe che.] (34) juo uparanI TIkA naM. 30. (30) eTale ke 57nI sAla beThAne traNeka mAsa thayA hatA (35) gardabhIlavaMzanA sthApaka samaya ma. saM. ane 56 ne nava mAsa bAkI hatA tyAre. sara kaniMgahAma, 453 gaNAvyo che; jyAre vikrama saMvatasaranI sthApanA buka opha InDIyana IrAjha pustakanA pR. 8 mAM lakhe che ke, 470 mAM gaNAvI che. eTale benI vaccenuM aMtara 17 "The initial point of this (Vikramaditya's) varSanuM che gabhIlavaMzanA A mahatvapUrNa be banAva era ought to be B. C. 57 or 563 instead of vaccenA aMtarane lIdhe saMvatasaranI gaNatrImAM keTalIka 56 A vikrama saMvatasaranI Adine samaya I. sa. pU. guMcavaNo ubhI thavA pAmI che tenuM kAMIka varNana 57 athavA 56mAM joIe, nahIM ke 56, AgaLa saMvatasaranI carcAmAM ApavAmAM Avaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vidizA, bhilasA [ rAhama khaMDa A bAju vikramAdityanA hAthathI zakapati ajJAta- darzine tyAMja rAjagAdI karI, tyArathI te te ja keMdra badanAma rAjAe mAre-mAra-khAdhAthI tenI sAme banavA pAmyuM hatuM. te bAda uttarottara zuMgavaMzI rAjAo thavAnuM choDI dIdhuM. paNa tene evA vAvaDa maLyA hatA ke, tathA anya paradezI vasAhatanA bhUpatioe tenuM A badhAM kArasthAnanuM mULa te aMdhapati ja che. teNe gaurava vadhArI mUkayuM hatuM eTale sudhI ke, rAjakAja je A kumArone madada na karI hota te tenI sivAyanAM eTale vidyAnAM tathA anya sAmAjIka ane pitAnI A phajetI thAta nahIM. eTale pitAnA lakepagI kAryomAM paNa te sthAnane ja agrapada apAtuM parAjayathI utpanna thayela krodhAgnine zAMtvana arthe te rahyuM hatuM. atyAre ApaNe zakaprajAnA ane gardabhIlayuddhanA sthAnathI parabAreja dakSiNa dizAe cAlo, vaMzI rAjAonA amalanI vAta karI rahyA chIe. ane aMdhapatinI pUThe dhAyo. pitAnA upara zaka patine te samaye tene aneka lIlIsUkI jevI paDI hatI. te dhasI Avato sAMbhaLI, aMdhrapati zAtirAjAe dAvapeca vAyupurANanA AdhAre uparanA prArigrAphe Apela AdaryA. teNe pAsenA keI jaMgalane Azraya lIdhe hAya varNanathI ApaNe joI zakIe chIe. eTale teNe ema mAruM dhAravuM thAya che. tyAM bane duzmanonA daLano mahattva prApta karavA mAMDayuM tyArathI te zakAri bheTo thatAM, yuddha maMDANuM ane yugapurANanA kahyA pramANe, vikramAditye tene rAjagAdI banAvI, tyAMsudhInI tenI ariSTakarNanA koIka sainike phekelA bhADAnI tINa caDatI paDatI ane jAherajalAlInuM kAMIka citra jANI dhArathI zakapatinuM maraNa nIpajyuM. A banAva levAnI jarUra che. mane je jaNAyuM che teja raju karIza. pachI eTale i. sa. pU. 56o pachI zAtakaraNa rAjA keTaluMka varNana pu. 1 ane pu. ramAM apAI gayuM che: daza varSa jIvIne I. sa. pU. 46-47mAM maraNa pAmyo che. temAMthI je bInAonuM smaraNa atra karAvavuM paDe che te ahIM AgaLa zaka rAjyanI samApti ane nIce pramANe jANavI - gabhIlavaMzanI punaHsthApanA thaI kahevAze. eTale ke (1) avaMtinuM eka nAma vizALAnagarI tema Inter-regnum nA kALano aMta Ave che. jethI bIjuM puSpapuraka paNa hatuM. vikramAdityAdi gardabhIlavaMzI anya bhUpationuM varNana (2) avaMtinA pradezanA be bhAga pADavAmAM ApavuM paDaze. paNa te pahelAM ujenI-avaMtinagarIne AvyA hatA. pUrvabhAganI rAjadhAnI vidizA urphe keTaluMka viziSTa varNana je tAravI zakAya che te bhillA hatI ane pazcimanI ujenI-avaMti hatI. atre ApIzuM. (3) vidizAmAM caMdragupta rAjamahela baMdhAvI vasavA vartamAnakALe sarva pravRttionAM aneka kendromAMthI mAMDayuM hatuM. te bAda azakavardhane potAnI sUbAgirinA jema laMDana zahera sArI duniyAmAM sarvanuM dhyAna prathama kALa daramyAna tyAMnA vaizya dhanavAnanI putrI sAthe darajaje kheMce che tema pUrva samaye lagna karyuM hatuM. vidizA, bhillA magadhadezanI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI (4) A vidizAnA eka bhAgane besanagara kahevAtuM ane urjanI ane pATaliputra keMdra banyAM hatuM. bemAMthI kayo bhAga pahele vasyo te jaNAyuM nathI. hatAM. paNa pAchaLamAM jyArathI (5) vidizA nagarIvALA pradezanA amuka bhAgane caMdragupta maurya avaMtine paNa mahattva ApI varSane sAMcI nAma apAyuM hatuM ane te pradezane jainadharma De bhAga tyAM rahevA mAMDayuM tathA samrATa priya- sAthe mahatvane saMbaMdha che. (36) rANIzrI baLazrIe potAnA pautra gautamIputranI ApavAnuM rahe che. prazasti gAte nAzikano je zilAlekha kAtarA che tenI (37) AnA khulAsA mATe nIcenuM hakIkta sAthe sarakhAve, A vRttAMta ApaNe pu. 5 mAM 18 juo. TI, ne,

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dvitIya pariccheda ] ane ujjainI 13 A pAMce binA avaMti pradezanI--eka yA khIjAte nIcenA svataMtra perAmAM AlekhIzuM eTale ahIM te bhAganI rAjadhAnI vizenAM sthAna ane prabhAva vizene kevaLa bhAratIya itihAsanI dRSTieja vivecana karIzuM. lagatI che. eTale darekane chUTI na pADatAM samagrapaNeja aze|vardhana jyAre atyaMtanA sUbApade hatA, tyAre vana karIzuM. teNe vidizA nagarInA eka mahA dhanADhaya viNakanI putrI vere lagna karyuM hatuM ke je rANIne peTe kumAra kuNAlanA janma thayA hatA vigere vigere. A sa jANItI minA che.39 tema rAjA caMdragupte tyAM rAja mahela baMdhAvyA hatA. tyAM sUtAM sUtAM ekadA tene aneka svapnanI hAramALA khaDI thai hatI.40 A hakIkatathI spaSTa thAya che ke caMdraguptanA samaya pahelAMthADA kALe ke dIrghakALe te vAta alaga rAkhIe-te samRddhivALI eka mahAna nagarI te| hatIja. vaLI caMdraguptanA samaya pUrve ane caMDapradyotanA rAjaamale, vatsapati rAjA udayanane amuka kAraNe je vera A caMDanI vacce baMdhAyuM hatuM tenA vAraNa mATe tene peAtAnI rAjadhAnI vatsapaTaNa-kauzAMbIthI avaMti nagarInA mArgamAM AvatAM jaMgalamAM hastikhelananI krIDA karatA tathA caMDapradyotanI rAjakumArI vAsavadattAnuM haraNa karI jatA paNa ApaNe vAMcI gayA chIe.41 eTale tAtparya ema thayuM ke, caMDanA jIvaMta kALasudhI avaMti ane kazAMnI vacce meTuM ane gIca kAI jaMgala42 AvI rahyuM hatuM: ane tenI gIcatAne lIdhe hasti jevA moTA pazue sAthe krIDA karavAmAM sukha sagavaDatA paNa jaLavAtI hatI. A pachI caMDanuM I. sa. pU. parachamAM maraNu nIpajyuM te bAda keTalAka kALaparyaMta te vaheMzanI sattA te pradeza upara rahI hatI. paraMtu I. sa. pU. 467mAM tyAM magadhapati naMdivardhana pahelAnI43 ANu pravartatI thaI. A samaye te sthAnanI kevI dazA hatI . puSpapura nAma sAMbhaLatAMve'ta,prathama smaraNa magadhanI rAjadhAnI pATaliputranuMja vartamAnakALanA abhyAsakeAne thAya che. ane tethIja divAnabahAdure te nAma AgaLa dharI dIdhuM che. bAkI te temaNeja vAyu purANamAMnA upara TAMkela karAthI have spaSTa thAya che ke ujjainIne paNa prAcInakALe te nAmathIja saMmeAdhAtI hatI. vaLI A atyaMta pradezane jaina saMpradAyanA eka ati mahattvanA bhAga gaNavAmAM AvyeA che. eTale samajAya che ke, puSpapura nAma sAthe (pachI magadhanuM hAya ke avaMtinuM haiAya)-sthAna paratve-kAMika jainadharmanI viziSTatA saMyukta thayelI cheH AnA purAvA puSpapura eTale vartamAnakALanuM pezAvara-takSilAnagarIvALA pradezanA itihAsa uparathI (jIe pu.3.pR.265-282 tenA pariziSTanuM varNana)-ApaNane jaDatA rahe che; vaLI ujainInuM nAma vizALA nagarI paNa kahevAyuM che paNa vizALAnagarI teA jainadharmAMnA tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIranuM janmasthAna che. eTale A badhI vastusthitine paraspara saMbaMdha jo joDIe teA ema bhita sAra nIkaLe che ke, A be nAma sAthe-puSpapura ane vizALA sAthejainadharmanAM sthAna tarIke pakSapAta joDAyalA che. jethI te me nAmeAte vizeSanAme na gaNatAM, vyutpatti pramANe tenA artha esArI vizeSarUpamAM, temane sAmAnya nagarInAM nAmeA samajIe teA paNa vAstavika lekhAze. A sthAnanuM te dharmanI dRSTie vizeSa kayuM mahattva che (38) puppuranA a mATe uparanI TI. naM. 12 jIe: jyAre vizALA nagarInA a` mATe pu. 1. pR. 183 jue. (39) jue pu. 2 mAM azeAkanuM vRttAMta, (40) A hakIkata mATe pu. 2 mAM rAjA caMdraguptanu vana jue. (41) A hakIkata itihAsanA abhyAsIene sArI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat rIte jANItI che: tema AnuM TUM varNana pu. 1 mAM vatsapati udayana ane pradyotanava'zI caMDanA vRttAMtamAM paNa apAyuM che. te jue, (42) sarakhAveA pR. 1. pR. 212 TI. na. 5mAM TAMkelI kaDI 'saMdha catuvidha sthApavA, mahasena vana AyA.' (46) jue pu. 1. pR. 217 tathA teja pustake na6ivananA vRttAMtanI hakIkta. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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24 vidizA, bhilasA [ saptama khaMDa te jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paNa eTaluM to cokkasa ja uttara samrATonA rAjyakALe vidizAnagarI pUrabahAramAM che ke I. sa. pU. para7 paryata che te sthAne jaMgala khIlI nIkaLI hatI. temanI rAjagAdI paNa te nagare jevuM ja hatuM. tema I. sa. pU. 372 athavA te arasAmAM hatI; ane tethIja mauryavaMza pachI avaMtipati bananAra caMdraguptanA samaye te sthAne moTuM vistAravALuM ane zuMgavaMzI samrATonuM rAjanagara te vidizAne gaNavAmAM aneka zAha sodAgarathI dhamadhamI raheluM vyApAra kheDatuM AvyuM che. eTale ke. hi InA lekhake je jaNAvyuM eka nagara AvI rahyuM hatuM. eTale puravAra thayuM ke che ke "Agnimitra, the ruler of Vidisha 57-37=155 varSe jeTalA gALAmAMja A sthAna vidizAne rAjakartA agnimitra" hatA te tadana upara te nagarIne ugama thayo hovo joIe. A satya hakIkata che. ahIM eka saMzaya ubho thAya che. deDha varSanA gALAmAM jyArathI I. sa. pU. 467thI zuMgavaMzI samrATa vaidika hoIne jenadhamAM mairyonA mAMDIne 372 sudhInA 95 varSa daramyAna jyAM sudhI dharmaSI hatA. tethI pUrvanuM je kAMI hatuM te A te upara magadhapati naMdavaMzIono rAjamArya tapato zuMgavaMzIoe bhAMgI toDI nAkhavAja mAMDayuM hatuM. hate tyAM sudhI to, te rAjAone eTalI badhI paDI eTale je temaNe vidizAnI paNa teja dazA karI naja hoya ke potAnI rAjadhAnI pATaliputrane mUkI nAMkhI hoya to temanuM pATanagara ujenImAM hatuM ema daIne tenIja barAbara spardhAmAM utare tevuM-babbe tethI samajavuM ane tenuM nAmaja vAyupurANamAM sUcavAyeluM caDI jAya tevuM koI bIjuM nagara vasAve ane tene pupapura samajavuM.paNa pu. 3 pR. 79 TI. 48mAM jaNAvyA khIlave. tema banavuM asaMbhavita che. eTale samajavuM rahe pramANe sthiti jo banI rahI hoya te, A che ke te 95 varSanA gALAmAM te meTA nagaranI vidizAnuM ja bIjuM nAma puSpapura samajavuM. ane utpatti thaI nahIM ja hoya. paNa I. sa. pU. pa7thI samrATa agnimitranI rAjagAdI paNa tyAM ja samajavI. 467 sudhInA 60 varSanA gALAmAM eTale ke jyAM sudhI paraMtu vaLI jyAre samrATa agnimitra ne puSpapura lUMTIne te pradeza upara pradyotavaMzI rAjAono amala hato*4 khedAnamedAna karI nAMkhato vAMcIe chIe tyAre A tyAM sudhImAMja kadAca te nagarI vasI jaIne pUrabahAramAM vidizA-puSpapura-naja nAza teNe karI nAMkhyo hoya khIlavA pAmI hoya. AnuM anusaMdhAna ApaNane nIcenA ema ghaDIbhara kalpavuM rahe che. chatAM sAthe sAthe tenA pArAmAM maLI zake che. atre te eTaluMja mAtra vinAzanuM kAraNa jyAre suvarNatUpanuM 47 dharavAmAM jaNAvIzuM ke I. sa. pU. pa27nA aMtabhAge je rAtrInA Ave che, tathA sena nadIne ane varSo thavAne tathA rAjA caMDanuM maraNa thayuM hatuM teja rAtrInA jainadharmanA zaherane nAza pAmavAne-evA sAphasApha zabdomAM chellA tIrthakara zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa thayuM hatuM ema karAyelA ullekho-vicAra karIe chIe, tyAre te itihAse neMdha laI rAkhI che. ane ema paNa puSpapura to pATaliputra ja hovuM joIe ema nakkI banavAjoga che ke A banAva pachI thoDA samayamAMja karAya che. ane tema TharAvAya te, pachI puSpapura eTale te nagaranI sthApanA thaI hoya. vidizA ane teno ja rAjA samrATa agnimitra hato. eTaluM to sAbita thaI gayuM che ke, maryavaMzI eTale darajajo vAta khIle baMdhAI jatI gaNAze. vaLI (44) jue pu. 1mAM avaMti dezanA ItihAsanuM vRttAMta. (47) naMdarAjAe sUvarNastu pATaliputramAM ubhA (45) jue pu. 1, pR. 202 u5ra TAMkelA traNa le- karAvyAnuM haju jaNAyuM che. paNa vidizA pAse tema thayAnuM kane bhAvArtha. kayAMya noMdhAyuM nathI tyAM stUpo che ane hatA paNa kharA, (46) juo pu. 3, pR. 93, TI. naM. 38 ke. hi. chatAM kaImAM dravya saMgraha thayAnuM ke karAyAnuM jANavAmAM I. pR. 21 nuM avataraNa. AvyuM nathI.

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dvitIya paricheda ] artha, samaya tathA nAma 25 agnimitrano zuMgavaMza khatama thatAM nahapANe paNa te ja thayAnuM lekhavuM ucita manAze. eTale gabhIla sthAne gAdI karela. tema gardabhIle paNa te ja sthAnane gaMdharvasenanI rAjagAdI ane zaka prajAe karela nagarIne mahattva Apela. vaLI zaka prajAe AvIne gardabhIlane nAza, te banne banAva vidizAne lAgu paDatA ja harAvyA tyAre nagarane je khAlI joyuM hatuM ema gaNavA paDaze. vAyupurANanuM lakhavuM thAya che te A vidizAnagarI A pramANe vidizAnuM sthApana thavuM I. sa. pU. gaNavI. eTale gardabhIlanA jorajulamathI prajAe je para7nA arasAmAM ane tene nAza-(vinAza nahIM hijarata karelI te paNa vidizAnagarIno ja tyAga paNa ujajaDa banavApaNuM) I. sa. pU. 57mAM gaNatAM hata ema lakhavuM. pachI hijarate gayelI prajAne tenI jAherajalAlIne kALa sADIcAraso varasane gaNAze. vidizAno tyAga karIne pAsenuM ja besanagara vasAvatI uparamAM jaNAvyuM che ke puSpapurane jainadharma lekhavI ke ujainI nagarIe jatI gaNavI, te nirALo sAthe pakSapAta che. te praznano vicAra karIne A prazna che. temaja zakAri vikramAditye potAnI rAjadhAnI pariccheda pUrA karyA bAda A tarIke je nagaranI jamAvaTa karI che, te mULa nagara puSpapura jaina pArAnI hakIkata bhale jenasaMpradAyaujjainanA sthAnanuM samajavuM. AkhI carcAne sAra e daSTie vALAne vizeSa upayogI che, chatAM the ke, mauryavaMzanI, zuMgavaMzanI ane chevaTe nahapANanI bhAratIya ItihAsanA abhyAsIne, koI vastunA rAjadhAnI vidizAmAM ja hatI ane tenuM ja bIjuM paricayathI anabhinna rahevuM na hoya, te temane paNa nAma puSpapura hatuM 8. pachI gardabhIlanA tathA zaka temAMthI kAMIka jANavAnuM te maLI rahezeja. prajAnA samaye kayAM gAdI hatI te nakkI thatuM nathI. samrATa priyadarzinanA varNane darzAvI gayA chIe ke kadAca vidizAmAM paNa te heya athavA ujainImAM paNa teNe pitAnA dharmanA pracAra mATe aneka prakAranI heya. bemAMthI game te sthAne hoya, to paNa eka nagarI yojanAo ghaDIne amalamAM mUkI hatI; jemake pitAnA te samaye bhAMgI che ane bIjI tejavaMta banI che dharmanA pravartake gaNAya tevA tIrthakaronI nirvANa bhUminA eTaluM nakkI che. chatAM vikramAditye ujainIne samRddha sthAnera (1) moTA khaDakalekha3; potAnA kuTuMbIo banAvI che te hakIkata vicAratAM, to vidizAno ja nAza vigeranA svargasthAna jagyAe (2) nAnA khaDakalekhe; (48) upara TI, naM. 37 mAM ApaNe ujainInuM nAma aSTApada, giranAra, caMpApurI ane pAvApurI (juo 5.1 puSpapura lakhyuM che. paNa te vyutpattinA arthamAM sAmAnya pR. 77 TI. naM. 13 tathA teno artha) A sthAne te "nAma tarIke lekhavuM. vizeSa nAma tarIke nahIM. samaye dhaulI-jAgaDA, kAzi, junAgaDha ane rUpanAtha tarIke (49) nIcenI TI. naM. 50 juo. anukrame oLakhAvAyAM che. AmAMnA keTaleka ThekANe khaDaka te (50) bIjI bAju ema vicAra thAya che ke, A zaka nAnA kadanA che, paNa tenuM mahattva vadhAre che, te sUcavavA * prajA kAlikasUrinA AbhAramAM hatI ane vidizA te kAlika- samrATa priyadazine pitAnI sahI tarIke potAnuM sAMketika sUrinA dharmanuM sthAna che tema zaka prajA pote paNa te ja cinha je hasti che (juo pu. 2 priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta) te dharma upara prema dharAve che. eTale vidizAno nAza te prajA katarAkhyo che. uparanA pAMca sthAnomAMnuM je chelle pAvApurI jANI joIne na ja kare, jethI gabhIla vaMzanI rAjagAdI che, te sthAna haju zodhI kaDhAyuM nathI. paNa AgaLa jatAM ujanamAM mAnya rAkhavI paDe che. (juo pR. 28) meM anumAna bAMdhI batAvyo che ke te (51) sarakhA nIce TI. naM. 61. sthAna vidizA-bhillA-sAMcI vALo pradeza ja che. hAla to (52) moTA eTale moTA kadanA nahIM paNa mahatvanI te anumAna ja rahevAnuM che. paNa saMzodhanakhAtAne priyadaSTie moTA: sarakhAvo nIcenI TIkA 53. dazine kAtarAvela khaDakalekha che hAthInA cinha sAthe maLI (53) tIrthaMkaranA nirvANasthAna pAMca che: sametazikhara, Ave che te mAruM anumAna eka satya sthiti sUcavato Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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puSpapura ( [ saptama khaMDa zAsana upakArI carama tIrthakara zrI mahAvIrane upasargo gALyA hatA, jemAMnA traNeka mAsa gALyA bAda kAnamAM nAvyA hatA tevA sthAne (3) staMbhalekho; (4) khIlA ThekAvAne ane ku caMdanabALAe amanA pAraNe pitAne upakArI thayelA hoya tevA pUjya munivare aDadanA bApuLA varAvyAne prasaMga thayo hato. eTale mATenA sthAna sUcaka kAusagna avasthAmAM temanI ema sAbita thAya che ke, temane kaivalajJAna utpanna pracaMDakAya mUrtio (5) tathA anyarIte tIrthadhAma thayAnI bhUmi-jene jenanI paribhASAmAM kaivalya kalyANaka gaNatA sthAna upara5 Topsa-dhaTAkAra moTAM caNatara kahevAya che te, A kauzAMbInI AsapAsanA pradezamAM ja kAme ubhAM karAvyAM che. A pAMca prakAranAM smArakamAMthI, hevuM joIe; A pramANe bIjI vastusthiti. vidizA nagarIvALA pradezamAM mAtra chelle prakAra ja vaLI zrI mahAvIranA jIvana caritrathI khule che ke, najare paDe che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke te sthAna kaivalya utpanna thatAM ja temaNe vAcAra pramANe koIka rIte tIrthadhAmanI gaNanAmAM mUkI zakAya tevI dezanA dIdhI hatI. paNa te aphaLa thaI hatI. eTale koTInuM haze; A eka sthiti thaI bIjI bAju, rAtorAta vihAra karIne lagabhaga deDha gAune vihAra teja eka gaMjAvara Topa madhya prAMtanA jabalapuranA karIne apApA nAmanI nagarIe pite padhAryA hatA. tyAM IzAnakhUNe, kaTanI ane satanA zaheranI pAse nAgoDa gautama IdrabhUti Adi agiyAra vidvAnane temanA 4400 rAjya bhArahuta nAmanA gAmaDA pAse najare paDe che, je ziSyo sahita jaina dIkSA ApI hatI ane te mukhya sthAna asalamAM vatsadezanI hadamAM AveluM che, jene vidvA- 11ne potAnA ziSya banAvI gaNadhara pade sthApyA nee "bhArahuta Topa" nAma ApyuM che. eTale kalpanA hatA; eTale ke gaNadhara svAkhAnuM sthaLa apApA nagarI karavI rahe che ke, A banne-avaMtideza ane vatsadezanA- hatuM. te bAda aneka dezavideza pite vicarIne chevaTanA TenuM mahAbhya eka ja prakAranuM haze. vaLI A banne comAse apApA nagarImAM ja sthiratA karI hatI ane TopanAM sthAna vaccenA aMtarane aMdAja kADhe te tyAMja nirvANa pAmyA hatA. Azare aDhIsoeka mAila thAya che. A eka varatusthiti. avaMti pradeza sAthe jainadharmane mahimAM saMkaLAyela vaLI zrI mahAvIranA jIvana caritra uparathI samajAya che ane temAMya, vidizA ane sAMcIvALA bhAgamAM che ke, dIkSA lIdhA pachI bAramuM comAsuM saMpUrNa thayA aneka pe-sArI temaja bismAra hAlatamAM AvelA bAda lagabhaga cha mAse temane kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM najare paDe che. A TepanAM smArake tIrthadhAmanA che; ane bAramuM comAsuM kauzAMbIe karyuM hatuM tathA sthAna tarIke ubhAM karAvavAnuM ApaNe joI gayA chIe. te pachInA chae mAsa tenI AsapAsanA pradezamAM vaLI A sthaLe Avela aneka TepamAM sAcavI pAka nirNaya ja thaI jAya. saMzodhana khAtuM A dIzAe 2 mAIla, 1 gAu = 2 mAIla lekhe che. paNa ApaNe prayatna Adare eTalI khAsa prArthanA che. ahIM aDhIse traNa mAIlanI vaccene kayAsa laIzuM. (54) uparanA cAre prakAranAM smAraka cinho ubhAM karavAnAM koI zaMkA kare ke eka rAtrImAM zuM AvaDuM cAlI zakAya ? kAraNa vizenI carcA pu. 2 mAM priyadarzinanA vRttAte karI ane te paNa rAtrInA samaye ? vaLI rAtrInA sAdhuthI vihAra che. paNa A pAMcamI kRti vize spaSTapaNe carcA karI nathI. thAya khare? A traNe zaMkArUpI praznanA javAbamAM jaNAvavAnuM tenuM varNana priyadarzinanA svataMtra jIvana vRttAtanA pustake ke kevaLajJAna prApta thayA pachI te jIvane anaMta zaktio khAla ApavAnuM che. ahIM tenuM kAraNa jaNAvI dauM chuM bAkI carcA che temaja tIrthakare ane kevaLIone kampAtIta kahevAya che te uparanA pustake ja lakhAze. eTale ke teone kaI AcArano pratibaMdha ja heta nathI. (55) doDhaso gAu che ke graMthomAM lakhAyuM che, paNa jethI tevI traNamAMthI eke zaMkAne sthAna rahetuM nathI. gAhanuM mApa vidhavidha rIte gaNAya che. keIka 1 gAya = (56) A vistAramAM Avela nAnA meTA TepanI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricacheda ] jainadaSTie rakhAyelA kaDake uparanA lekhamAM, je je mahAtmA- vastusthiti e che ke, eka lekha mauryavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta enAM temAM avazeSo saMgrahita thayela che temanAM ane bIjo lekha aMdhrapati kAIka zAtakaraNIe ketagotrAnAM nAmo aMkita karelAM che. tevAM gotrone rAvela che. pahelAnI matalaba, te Topa upara dIpamALA je abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave to jaNAze ke, zrI pragaTa karavAnA kharcane pahoMcI vaLavA mATe cAlIsa mahAvIranI pATa paraMparAe thayelA aneka AcAryonAM hajAra rUpiAnA dAnanI che. tema nirdiSTa zAtakaraNI gotranAM te nAme dekhAya che. khAsa karIne eka Topa karyo che te temAM jaNAvyuM nathI paNa ApaNane itihAsa upara "mahAkazipa' zabda lakhAyela che te Topa kadamAM zIkhave che ke, te vaMzanA aneka rAjavIo jenadhama sauthI moTo che tema tene "siddhakAsthAna' tarIke hatA. bAkI caMdragupta maurya to jenadhamaja hato. eTaluM ja lake oLakhatA AvyA che.58 matalaba ke, A nahIM paNa teNe pitAnI uttarAvasthAmAM rAjakAjano TopIvALo pradeza jene saMpradAyanA tIrthadhAmano che. temAM tyAga karIne jenasAdhutva aMgIkAra karyuM hatuM.' aneka mahAtmAonAM avazeSo temanAM gotronI tAtI matalaba ke amuka Topa upara kotarAyela lekhathI sAthe sacavAyelAM najare paDe che. AvAM gotrovALA spaSTapaNe sAbita thAya che ke te jenadharma sAthe saMbaMdha mahAtmA zrI mahAvIranI pATa paraMparAe thayela dharAvatA amuka banAva sUcavatI sthitinAM smArakasthAno mAluma paDe che. vaLI temAM eka viziSTa kadane ane che. A pramANe pAMcamI vastusthiti. viziSTa daMtakathA dharAvate paNa Topa che. A pramANe chaThThI ane chellI vastusthitimAM ema samajAcethI vastusthiti. vavAnuM ke, jema caMdragupta dIpamALAnI agatyatA uparAMta sarvane Takkara mAre tevI eka pAMcamI pIchANI tene kAyamIrUpa ApavA rAja taraphathI uttejana saMkhyA nIce pramANe nakkI karavAmAM AvI che (juo lisA Tosa kaniMga hAma kRta) moTA nAnA sAMcI satadhAra senArI aMdhera thI vadhAre bhejapura 2 20 | 20 48. thI vadhAre (57) temAMnA keTalAMka gAnAM nAme mAM nIce utAruM chuM. sAMcImAM senArI keDInI putra keTiytasa kAsapagAtasa gAriputra sapuriyasa kesiddhiputasa megaliputra aMdhera vAccIputra vAcciputa satadhAra keDIne gatasa sAriputasa magalikAsa mahAmegalAsa gatiputa bhojapura haritiputa upahitakasa asadevasa (58) A AkhIe vastusthiti samajavI hoya temaNe sara kaniMgahAma kRta dhI bhilsa Tepsa nAmanuM pustaka vAMcI javA vinaMti che. [mAruM TIppaNa: A badhA lekhene tathA gotrano kayo kA artha ghaTAvI zakAya tema che. tene patto mArA taraphanI ATalI sUcanAnA AdhAre utsAhI vAcaka lagAvI zakaze. chatAM te viSaya ahIM na hovAthI samrATa priyadarzinanA jIvananuM je svataMtra pustaka huM lakhavAno chuM temAM tenI carcA karavAmAM Avaze.] (59) nIce jaNAvelI vastusthiti naM. 6 nI hakIkata sAthe sarakhA. (60) A bane lekha mATeno isAre ApaNe pu. 2 mAM caMdraguptanA vRttAte karI gayA chIe (juo pu. 2. 5. ) vizeSa adhikAra mATe dhI bhisA TasanuM pustaka juo. (6) A badhA adhikAra mATe pu. 2 mAM caMdragrasane varNana juo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[ sakSama khaMDa AvelAM saMkhyAbaMdha TApA uparanA lekhA tathA temAM aMkita thayelI hakIkata sAthe bhArahuta TApanI ekAkI jevI sthitinI tulanA karIe chIe, tyAre zuM ema nathI samajAtuM ke, te viziSTadhAma zrI mahAvIranA nirvANanuM sthAna hAya ane peluM ekalaDeAkala bhArahtavALuM sthAna temanuM kaivalya kalyANasUcaka tIrthadhAma hoya ? kemake te banne vaccenuM aMtara paNa jaina sAhityagra MthAmAM jaNAvyA pramANe maLI rahe che, temaja temAMthI sphuraNa pAmatI zrImahAvIranA jIvanane sparzatI aneka ghaTanAone paNa paraspara meLa khAtA dekhAi jAya che. upara pramANe jyAre upara TAMkelI chae vastusthiti, tathA te uparathI dAhana karIne raju karelI matalaba tathA te sarvemAMthIsa vastusthiti tenA yathAsvarUpe samajAI gaI che, tyAre ApaNe khulaMda avAje dheASaNA karI zakIzuM ke, vidizAnuM sthAna te zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa kalyANaka che ane bhArahu sthAna te temanuM kaivalya kalyANaka che. ane A sthiti jyAre spaSTa thaI tyAre kahevuM paDaro ke puSpapura nagara te jaina sAhityanI dRSTie vidizAnuMja nAmahAvuM joie. 28 ApI, sadAne mATe te yAda rahe te sArU lekha tarIke kAtarAvI rAkhI che, tema jaina sAhityagra'thAmAM paNa jaNAvAyuM che ke, zrI mahAvIra nirvANa pAmyA tyAre temanA anuyAyI aDhAra bhakta rAjAe ekatra thayA hatA; ane bhAvadIpaka (zrI mahAvIra) asta pAmatAM, tenI yAdagIrI jALavavA dravyadIpaka (dIpakAnI kaTAra) pragaTAvavAnIkara gaDhavaNu karI hatI. eTale ke pAMcamI ane chaThThI vastusthiti ekabIjAnI pUraka ane sAmarthya ApatI ghaTanAo che. nIkaLatA sAra-A badhI ghaTanAnuM samIkaraNa karavAmAM Ave te, zuM ema temAMthI tAtparya nathI nIkaLatuM ke, vidizA ane bhArahatanA pradezanA TApeA kevaLa jainadharmanuM sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatAM sthAnake che ? temAM paNa vidizAnuM dhAma viziSTa che? A viziSTatAnI sAthe temAM bhilsA ane tenI AsapAsanA stuponuM sthaLa darzana sAdhAra Alamapu vidizA, bhisA INS . . . . sonArI najhara kanakharA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (62) A dIpakanI kaTAra-garane lagara-pragaTa thavAthI mATI dIpamALA lAge. te rekhItuM ja che, jethI laukIka zabdomAM sa udayaurI. kAtakherI bhikSA masena lohaMgIroka chIpAyA aola saiyA nI pura sAMthala 110 tene dvIpeAsavInA parva tarIke oLakhAvavAnI prathA pratha lita thaI che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricchedra ] paNa vidizAnuM--zrI mahAvIranA nirvANanA sthAnanuM nAma madhyamaapApA vizeSapaNe kahevAyuM che: jethI te nAmanA paNa vicAra karI laie. ema kahevAya che ke, mULe te nagaranuM nAma apApA-pApa jemAM nathI tevI nagarI hatuM. paNa jyArathI te nagarIe zrI mahAvIra jevA puNyAtmAne bhAga lIdhe, eTale ke te bhUmi upara temanA dehavilaya thaye| tyArathI tenuM nAma, apApA maTIne pApA--eTale pApathI bharelI evI- purI paDayuM ane kALAMtare tenuM apabhraMza thatAM thatAM "pAvApurI" nAma pracalita thaI gayuM che. 63 pAvApurI ke apApApurI zabdanI sAthe, jyAre madhyama zabda joDAyA che tyAre temAMthI be prakAranA artha niSpanna thaI zake che. (1) eka ema ke, apApA nagarI te ekaja hAya paNa tenAM traNa parAM hAya (pUrva, madhyama ane pazcima) jemAMthI madhyabhAge Avela parAmAM zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa thayuM hAya; eTale vidizAnAM traNa parAM thayAM, jemAMnA madhyamabhAgane khesanagara athavA vidizA, pazcimane sAMcI ane pUrvane brisA kahI zakAya. (2) ane khIjI rIte jo dhaTAvIe te| apApA nAmanI nagarInI saMkhyA ja traNa levIH temAMnI madhyama(madhyama eTale tenI jAheAjalAlI ke vaibhavanI dRSTie ane ujainI (63) pUrva deza pAvApurI, rUddhe bharIre, mukti gayA mahAvIra, tIratha te namuMre! AmAM pUrva dizi pAvApurI' tenA artha aneka rIte paTAvI zakAya tema che. jema ke:(1) pAvApurI laie te (a) pU+dizi+pAvA=pAvApurInA je pUrvI bhAga rUddhithI bharAI rahyo che (je pAvApurInA pUrva bhAgamAM dhanavAna varga vasI rahyo che) te pAvApurI. (ba) pUrvAM+dizie+pAvA teA paNa upara pramANe a nIkaLe athavA A gAthAnA tAM samayasuMdara peAte avatimAM sthita thaine te banAvI hoya te sthAnanI pU dizAmAM pAvApurI AvI hAya mATe te sthaLanA nirdeza che ema ghaTAvI zakAya che. (2) apApApurI laIe te (a) pU+zi+apApA=pUrva dizya pApAM vaMcAya. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 19 nahIMja; paNa sthAna nirmANanI sthitinI apekSAe) nagarImAM zrI mahAvIranA deha paDayA hatA. te uparAMta pUrva ane pazcimano paNa bIjI apApA nagarIthyA te vakhate hatI. tene je apApA-pApahiMta eTale puNyavaMtI-nagarInI upamA ApavAnA hatu hAya, teA pUrvanI apApA nagarI eTale bhArahata TApavALI nagarI samajavI ke je paNa eka puNyavaMta nagaraja kahevAya ane pazcimanI apApA nagarI, te kharI athavA asala ujjainI samajavI rahe. kemake, saMbhava che ke te sthAne zrI mahAvIre mahusena64 vanamAM-caMDapradyota u mahAsena rAjAnA adhikAramAM AvelA vanamAM samAsarIne gaNadhara padanI sthApanA karI hatI tethI te sthAnane paNa eka pavitra-puNyavaMta nagaraja gaNavAnuM kahI zakAya. A pramANe 'madhyama apApA 'vALA padanA artha khe rIte dhaTAvatAM, sthArnanarmANavALA artha tarIke, tenI gaNunA pUrva graMthakartAoe karI hAya te vadhAre saMbhavita che, kemake jo traNa parAMnA arthamAM lai e te ekabIjAnI apekSAe pUrvanuM purUM te aMtimaja kahevAya, madhyama na kahevAya; ane peluM pada tA kahe che ke pUrvanA parAmAMja zrI mahAvIra muktine pAmyA che; eTale, madhyama athavA pUrva te bemAMthI eka zabdane khATAja mAnavA paDaze. pazu - (ba) pU+ddhizie+apApA=pUrva dizapApA va'cAma game te rIte gAThavA paNa a tA upara pAvApurImAM jaNAvyA pramANe ja thatA rahero, eTale ema kahevA mAge che ke, te nagarIneA pUrva bhAga (nahIM ke madhya bhAga) jemAM aneka zAhukAra lAkA vasatA hatA te bhAgamAM zrI mahAvIra nirvANane pAmyA che. pu. 1. pR. 186 TI. naM. 108 mAM meM anya sUcanA karIne 'pUrva vizi pAvApurI' tarIke te pada hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che; tema levAthI paNa arthAMmAM te pheraphAra thatA nathI ja. (14) ujjainI nagarIne vaizALI nagarI tarIke paNa oLakhAvI che (jue pu. 1 pR. 183. tathA munizrI kalyANavijayacha sa MpAdita " jainakALa gaNanA " sa. 1987 pR. 31 TI, na, 28 tenA A pramANe zabdo che.) " zrIvIra nirvANAt vizAlAyAM pAlaka rAjya 20 varSANi " www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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30 sthAnasthiti paratve vicAratAM te kaDInuM hArda barAbara maLatuM AvI jAya che ja. ane temA svIkArIe te eka pheraphAra je ApaNe have karavA raheze, te A vidizAnA udgamanA samaya vizene anaze. ApaNe tenI sthApanA I. sa. pU. paracha bAda ke te arasAmAM eTale ke zrI mahAvIranA ane rAjA caMDapradyotanA maraNa bAda-kalpI hatI tene badale te samaye te te nagarIne saMpUrNa smRddhivALI gaNavI paDaze. pa videizA, bhilsA (ahI` avati dezamAM pAlaka rAjAnuM rAjya vIra nirvANathI 20 varSe ema kahevAneA hetu che.) te hakIkata batAve che ke te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat { sakSama khaMDa [TippaNa:----A pArAmAM zrI mahAvIranA kaivalya ane nirvANa prAptinA sthAna vize carcA karIne je AnumAnika nirNaya meM bAMdhI ApyA che, te adhunA pracalita ane mAnya rahelA sthAnathI bhinna paDI jAya che khare. paNa tethI ema mAnI levAnuM nathI ke te aMtima nirNAyaja che. A vize tajjana vidvAne peAtAnA vicAra| darzAvaze evI prArthanA sAthe viramuM chuM. ] sthAna sAthe zrI mahAvIra-vaizAlikane sabaMdha haze kharI. (65) sarakhAve| uparanI TI. na'. 53. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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' . :: s 5 . . H . | Thaja tRtIya pariccheda gadaMbhIla vaza (cAlu) TUMkasAra -rAjA zaMkunuM jIvanavRttAMta tathA tenuM maraNa nIpajeluM ke khUna thayeluM te saMbadhInI karelI carcA- vIravikama, zakAri vikramAdityanAM vividha nAmonI lIdhela tapAsa-tene janma, kuTuMba tathA AyuSya upara pADela prakAza-vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanAnAM batAvela kAraNavidvAnoe te mATe kapela vividha anumAne-tenA pATanagara vize ApelI kAMIka samajUti teNe vedhazALAnI karela sthApanA tathA paDAvela sikkA saMbaMdhInI ApelI mAhitI-aitihAsika purAvAha tenA rAjya vistAranI batAvelI sImA-tenA dharma saMbaMdhI karela vivAda-vikama saMvatsarano vaparAza keTaleka samaya je baMdha paDyo che tenAM kAraNe sahita batAvelI samaja-chevaTamAM tenA rAjadvArI tathA naitika cAritryanI karelI samAlocanA tathA tenI sAthe keTalAka samaya sudhI rAjavahivaTa calAvela tenA baMdhu ane rAjA bhartuharInuM saMkSipta jIvana (3) mAdhavAditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) vikamacaritra uphe mAdhavasena-te traNenAM jIvanamAMthI maLI AvatA, moghama pAMceka banAvenI karelI carcA ane pariNAme te darekanuM sthAna, kenA samaye hoI zake tene karI Apela nirNaya-naM. 5 vALA vikrama caritrane Apela rAjya vistAra- (6 thI 10 ) sudhInA pAMca rAjAonA samaye pravartI rahela rAjyanI sthitine Apela citAra tathA gardabhIlavaMzanuM chevaTa kema ane konA hAthe AvyuM tene Apela saMkSipta hevAla-chevaTe kuzanavaMzanA prAraMbhanI keTalIka navIna hakIkata vizenI ApelI TUMkI samIkSA-

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31 rAjA zaMku rAjA zaka gAdIpatI tarIke teNe zuM nAma dhAraNa karyuM haze te jaNAyuM nathI. paNa rAnna gaMdharvasenane te jyeSTha putra hAvAthI atinI gAdIe tene sthApita karavAmAM AnyA hatA. thADA ja vakhatamAM tenA rAjyane aMta AvI gayA dekhAya che. te bAda tene bhAI vIra vikramAditya atipati thayA che. jethI zana zaMkunA samaya ApaNe . pu. pU. 64 thI 63 sudhInA cha mAsane nAMdhA paDayo che. mULe te tenuM nAma ja avaMtipatienI ke gardabhIla vaMzIonI nAmAvalImAM kayAMya mAlUma paDatuM nathI. kevA saMjogAmAM te geAvavuM paDayuM khUna ke maraNa che tene khyAla prathama paricchede apAI gayA che. 1 eTale tenI carcAmAM na utaratAM je khIjuM kAMI jaNAvavA yeAgya lAge che teja atre lakhIzuM. tenuM rAjya mAtra cha mAsa ja cAlyuM che. eTale prazna thAya che ke, tenuM khUna thayuM haze ke kudaratI rIte maraNa pAmavAthI ja vikramAditye rAjyalagAma hAthamAM lIdhI haze ? athavA khUna thayuM hoya teA kAnA hAthathI ? anya kAInI bAbatamAM Ave prasaMga banyo hai|ta tA A praznane kSullaka gaNI ApaNe AgaLa calAvye jAta; paNa vikramAditya jevA rAjA, jete saMvata cAlu rAkhIne, sArAe bhAratavarSanI prajAe, pAtA upara teNe karela upakAranA badalAmAM jenuM nAma prAtaHsmaraNu cihna tarIke jALavI rAkhyuM che, tevI eka adbhUta vyaktinA kissAmAM AvA muddAne taddana jatA karavAmAM Ave tA, itihAsane paN anyAya thAya tema vikramAdityanA cAritrane paNa zaMkAmaya rAkhAvI dIdhuM kahevAya jo khUna thayuM heta ke karavAmAM AvyuM hota te te kALanA, ke thADe kALe turatamAM thayela kAI ItihAsakAre, (1) brue pR. 4 TI. na. 9 mAM hiM, hiM, mAMnA pR. 638 tathA 649 nA avataraNe. (2) are chevaTe, je lekhake ATalI paNa hakIkta lakhavAnI hAma bhIDI che. ( te avataraNAnA asala Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sakSama khaMDa rAjA vikramAdityanA anya upakAranI zehamAM dakhAI ne te prasaMgane iitahAsapaTTa upara citaravAne bhale AMkha ADA kAna karyA hoya, ema haju bane; paNa te khAda lAMbA kALe thayela kAI paNa lekhakane zuM vikramAdityanI potAnI ke teNe karela upakAratI paDI hoya ke, amuka banelI kharI hakIkatane dabAvI rAkhe ?2 matalaba ke itihAsa lekhanamAM kASTha divasa ghAlamela cAlI zake nahIM. kadAca kAMya lakhAyuM haiAya ane prakAzamAM ja na AvyuM hoya teA vAda jUdI kahevAya. paNa sarva sulabhya sAdhana sAmagrImAM A bAbatane lagate eka haravaTIka paNa rAA vikramAdityanI virUddhamAM lakhAyala mAlUma paDatA nathI; te eka ja nirNaya upara AvavuM rahe che ke, rAjA zaMkunuM mRtyu kudaratI saMjogAmAM ja nIpajyuM daze tathA vikramAdityanA hAtha paNa taddana cokhkhA ja rahI gayA haze. A pramANe sthiti TharatAM e anumAna karI zakAya che. (1) zakarAjya samApta thatAM rAjA gaMdharvasenanA je aneka putrA haiyAta hatA temAM te sAthI jyeSTha hAvAthI, tenI lAyakAta ke bInalAyakAtane prazna alaga rAkhIne, vIra vikramAditye potAnA vaDIla baMdhu taraphanA pUjyabhAva ane sanmAna batAvIne tathA prajAjanene sarva hakIkata samajAvIne rAjA zaMkune gAdInazIna karAvyA haze. ( 2 ) athavA to zaka prajAne harAvavAmAM A zaMku rAntae ja mukhya phALA ApyA haze; jethI peAtAnA bAhubaLa ane parAkramane lIdhe ja te avaMtipati banavA pAmyA hoya. ne A bemAMthI khIta anumAna pramANe ja vastusthiti heta tA,zakAra vikramAditya tarIke je nAma gAjI rahyuM che tene badale zakAra thUMku evA dhvanija ApaNA kAne athaDAyA karata; paNu tema nathI banyuM eTale prakramanA anumAna pramANe saMyegA badhA banavA pAmyA hatA ema svIkAravuM rahe che. zabdo mATe nu uparanI TIkA 1) te teNe tA lakhI hetane ! chatAM temaNe paNa jyAre mauna ja se che tyAre samAya che ke, rAjA vikramAdityanuM cAritra niSkula jja hatuM. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] zakAri vikramAditya 33 rAjA zika vRddha hevAthI kadAca nAmane ja rAjA che. te vikramAditya bIjo koI nahIM paNa gabhIla haze; ane badhe rAja kArabhAra vikramAditya calAvato rAjA gaMdharvasenaH darpaNane kumAra, A vikramAdityaja haze. paNa tene maraNa bAda vikramAditya rAjamukuTa samajavo. temaja prajAnuM nikaMdana kADhI nAMkhI, pitAnA zire dhAraNa karyo haze. jethI A sarva zakArinuM upanAma meLavanAra bhAgyazALI, narapuMgava samayane itihAsakAroe vikramAdityanoja rAjyakALa kezarI samAna rAjavI purUSa paNa Aja vikramAditya lekhAvI dIdho hoya. Ama banavA yogya paNa che. hato. vaLI e dekhItuM ja che ke A avaMtinI prajA tethI ApaNe te vikramAdityanA caritramAM tenA aneka kacarAtI, rIbAtI, muMge moDhe aMtarvedanA anubhavatI tathA saguNonI hAramALAmAMja ora ekanI vRddhija rAtadivasa mAnasika yaMtraNuM sahana karatI, sAta sAta lekhavI rahe che. varSa jeTalA lAMbA kALanAM vahANAM ugatAM ane (2) zakAri gardabhIla: vikramAditya uphe AthamatAM sudhI muktine mATe jyAre aharniza prabhu vikramasiMha athavA vikama na prArthanA karI paDI rahI hatI, tyAre upara pramANenI pitA vartamAnakALe bhAratavarSamAM vasatI hiMdI prajAnA upara rAja calAvatI zakaprajAnA sitama ane jahAMrImoTA bhAgane je nAma puNyaka banI rahyuM che tathA gImAMthI temane mukti meLavI ApanAra maLI Ave, te je nAma sArIe vepArIAlama tevA upakArI purUSanuM nAma potAnA aMtaHkaraNanA uMDAmAM tenAM nAma potAnA vyApArI daphataramAM uMDA bhAgamAM sadAne mATe kAtarI rAkhe tathA te purUSane niraMtara lakhI rahI che, te nAma mahAna uddhAraka narapati tarIke lekhI, tenI yazakirtine mahApratApI, baLavAna, pratibhAsaMpanna rAjA vikramAdityanuM vizvadigaMta karI mUkavA mATe, tenA nAmano saMvatsara (3) vikramAditya zabdanA arthanI samaja ke.hi. I. . (5) ahIM bhale, zaka prajAnA julamanI ja noMdha karI che. 533 mAM nIce pramANe ApI che. vikama=Might, parAkrama eTale tene kALa sAta varSane lakha paDayo che. bAkI Aditya The Sun, sUrya eTale ke vikramAditya=The kharI rIte te samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNathI mAMDIne Sun of the might parAkramane sUrya, parAkramamAM sUrya atyAra sudhIno sarva samaya "mAre tenI taravAra' je ja samAna, gayA che. A vikramAditye gAdIe besIne badhuM zAMta pADavuM, tyAre ja prajAnA mana zAMta pAmyAM che. ane eTalA mATe ja nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 bhAga 4 pR. 72 TI. 44 mAM saMvatsaranI kharI rIte sthApanA thaI che. paNa upara pramANe ja artha ghaTAvyo che ane jaNAvyuM che ke (lekhaka muni zrI kalyANuvijayajI mahArAja che) zuMgavaMzI priyadarzina bAda jozo, te badhA rAjAne samaya pAMca baLamitra bhAnumitranA amalane 60 varSa AkhyAnuM pAMca ke cha cha varSa ja cAlyo che. tenA maraNa pachInA 29 pariziSTa kAre jaNAvyuM che. (juo pu. 1, pR. 202 varSamAM pAMca maurya, 90 varSanA zuMgavaMzamAM 10 zuge, 40, TI. na. 33 mAM TAMkela gAthAo) eTale A gabhIla varSamAM eka nahapANa (A eka apavAda rU5 gaNI zakAza), vikramAditya te pelo zuMgavaMzI baLamItra ja jA. pachInA 10 varSamAM gabhIla darpaNa, te bAda sAta varSamAM vyutpatti uparAMta A vikramAdityanuM rAjya paNa 60 pAMca zaka rAjAo: te pramANe 29, 90, 40, 10 ane 7 varSa cAlyuM che. [mAruM TippaNa:-kharo bheda kayAM samAyalo malI 174 varSamAM 5, 10, 1, 6 ane 7 malI 24 che te mATe pu. 3 pR. 106 thI 108 nuM lakhANa tathA TIkAo rAjAo avaMti upara rAja karI gayA che. eTale prajAnAM juo. khAsa karIne pR. 108 TI. naM. 7.] mana te agAu je zAMti bhogavatAM te ApaNAbaso varSamAM (4) A vikramAditya ja zakAri TharAvI zakAya tema che. gumAvI dIdhI hatI. kharI vAta che ke vacce zuMgavaMzIne tenI carcA bahu vistArapUrvaka AgaLanA khaDe karavAmAM samaya dIrdhakALa Take che. paNa temAMye temanI dhanatRSNa, AvI che te joI levI. paradezI prajAnuM caDI AvavuM tathA tenI sAthenA vAraMvAra Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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== == = = = = == = 34 vikramAdityanuM [ saptama khaMDa calAve temAM Azcarya pAmavAnuM kAMI kAraNa nathI. near Karur and established his eras teTalA mATe te prasaMganI khuzAlI jaNAvavA tathA mALavAnA zakone I. sa. pU. 58 mAM harAvIne pitAne RNamukta thayelI samajavA mATe, A banAva A zake (vikramAditye)12 pitAne vikrama saMvata banyAnI tArIkhathI te prajAe zakAri vikramAdityane calAvyo che ema gaNAya che. kivadaMti (paNa) saMvata pitAnA dareka kAryamAM joDavAnuM nakkI karI dIdhuM. prabaLapaNe pikAre che ke vikramAditye kAphara najIka zaka zakAri sivAya tenAM bIjAM paNa be traNa nAmo jevAne parAsta karyA hatA ane pitAno saMvatsara jaNAyAM che. temAMnuM eka vikramasena che tathA bIjuM calAvyo hato." vikramasiMha paNa che.amarakoSamAM tenuM nAma zudraka jaNAvyuM rAjA gaMdharvasena : gadharUpa; gabhIlano te putra thatA che ema kahIne eka lekhaka pitAnA vicAro Take hato.13 A gadaMbhIla rAjAne mULa mulaka khaMbhAtanI che ke "This Sudraka may be said to AsapAsano pradeza hato. te have founded the Vikrama Era in B. janma kuTuMba sivAya anya vistAramAM te sattA C. 58, by defating the Sakas of Malwa, tathA AyuSya bhagavato hato ke kema te nakkI paNe Tradition is strong in asserting that jaNAyuM nathI. paNa tenuM lagna Vikramaditya defeated alien Sakas dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarI vere thayuM hatuM ane khaMbhAtamAM ane lAMbA kALa sudhI cAlatA yuddhane lIdhe, prajAne je zAMti virAma nirarthaka che. te kADhI nAkhavuM, eTale zudraka hAla joI e te maLI ja nahotI. vacce nahapANanA rAye lAMbA vaMcAze ane tevA rUpamAM ja kharuM vAMcana thAya, to yogya kALanA vahIvaTane aMge jarA chuTakArAne dama maLyo hato, khAya che. vaLI zadraka eTale vikramAditya eTaluM ja AmAM paNa te to, avyavasthAmAMthI vyavasthita thavAmAM ja nIkaLI sucana che. paNa teja vikramAditya zakAri hase ema temAM gayo hato. eTale je kharI majA mANavI rahe ane tenAM lakhyuM nathI. aneka vikamo thayA che eTaluM te emAMthI mIThAM pariNAma bhogavavAM rahe te anubhavavA jevo samaya jarUra spaSTa thAya che ja. A Akho viSaya aSTama khaMDe temane maLyo nahato. camyuM che tyAMthI je.] (6) A saMvatsara vize ane vigato jANavI rahe (1) A samaye "mALavA' zabdanuM astitva thayuM che. vidvAnonuM ema mAnavuM thatuM rahyuM che ke saMvatsara pravartaka nahotuM ema mAruM mAnavuM che, te zabda to A lekhake kharo vikramAditya to vaLI bIjI ja vyakti che. tema tene potAnI mati anusAra lakhyo dekhAya che. samaya paNuM judo ja che. A badhI carcA ThIka ThIka pariNAma (12) amarakeSa jevA graMthamAM lakhAyelI hakIkata sadA dAyI nIvaDe, mATe teno adhikAra eka svataMtra khaDeja lakhavAnI goThavaNa karI che. (AgaLa juo). pramANabhUtaja gaNAya. paNa eka vikramAdityane tevAja nAma dhArI vikramAditya sAthe kevI rIte bheLavI devAya che ane (7) A banAvanI nIti kaI hatI, vigerenI carcA AgaLa itihAsamAM gUMcavAge ubhI karAya che te viSaya AkhA upara "samaya noMdhanI prathA"nA khaMDamAM karI che, te jevI. "kALa gaNanA-Dating of events"vALA khaMDamAM lakhAyA (8-9) jIo eziyATIka rIsacaga pu. 9, pR.122. che te jovAthI spaSTa samajAze. (10) ja. a. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 5.64- (13) bhillA Tosa pR. 142:-"It is said in 44: From Amarakosa we learn that Sudraka, Agni-Purana (Princeps Journal, iv, 688) that Hala and other kings had the title of Vikra. Vikrama the son of Gadharupa should ascend maditya amarazathI samajAya che ke, zaDhaka, hAla ane the throne of Malwa agnipurANamAM (juA abhianya rAjAone paNa vikramAdityanuM birUda lagADavAmAM sa jaranala pu. 4, pR. 688) kahyuM che ke gaMdharaSa pura AvatuM hatuM" (mAruM TIpaNu-zataka, hAla' vaccenuM alpa vikrama mALavAno gAdIpati thaze."

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tRtIya pariracheda ] kuTuMba ItyAdi 35 teNIne peTe eka putra avataryo hate. tenuM nAma kAMIka aMze thaI gaI hatI. rAjA bhartuharinI rANI zakAri vikramAditya hatuM eTaluM jyAre jaNAyuM che tyAre piMgaLAnA dAMtathI ApaNuM uparanA kathanane Take anumAna karavo rahe che ke gaMdharvasena rAjA kAMIka moTA maLato gaNAze. vistAranA bhUpradezano svAmI hatA tathA dhAra rAjAnI A vimAdityane keTalAM putraputrIo hatAM te kuMvarI je tenI rANI hatI teNanA peTe A vikramAdityane paNa kayAMya vAMcavAmAM AvyuM nathI. paraMtu tenI pAchaLa janma thayo hovo joIe. A gaMdharvasenane ekaMdare je kuMvara gAdIe Avyo che tenuM nAma mAdhavasena hatuM. keTalA putra hatA te mAlUma paDayuM nathI.paNa vikramAdityathI tenuM AyuSya keTaluM hatuM te haju sudhI aprakAzita eka meTa, nAme zaMku ane eka nAne, nAme bhatRhari che. paraMtu ema nirdhAra karI zakAya che ke, jyAre teNe u zukAditya-ema traNa te hatA ja eTaluM spaSTa yuddhamAM ATaluM badhuM kauzalya ane parAkrama batAvI, zAka sUcana maLI Ave che. 5 AmAMnA rAjA zaMka vizenuM jevI jorAvara prajA upara vijaya meLavyo che tyArevarNana uparamAM lakhAI gayuM che. jyAre bhartuharine gAdIe beThe tyAre-tenI umara kamamAM kama 25-30 paricaya have pachI Apo rahe che. varSanI te hazeja; tema tenuM rAjya 60 varSa paryata A vikramAdityanI mAtAnuM nAma jema jaNAyuM nathI laMbAyuM che. eTale tenuM AyuSya 85 thI 90 varSanuM tema tene keTalI rANIo hatI tathA temanAM nAma zuM te saheje kalpI zakAya che. paraMtu ja. e. se. beM. pu. hatA te paNa haju aMdhakAramAM ja che. paraMtu bhartuhari 49 bhA. 1 mAM je lakhyuM che ke The first nAmaka nATaka je hiMdu prajAmAM jANItuM che ane prAcIna Vikramaditya is mentioned in the samayanA. eka aitihAsika banAva tarIke raMgabhUmi Kumarchhanda in which it is declared upara bhajavI batAvavAmAM Ave che te uparathI samajAya that after 3020 years of Kaliyuga had che ke A rAjA bhartuharine piMgaLA nAme eka rANI elapsed then would Vikramaditya hatI. teNInuM cAritra kalakita nIvaDavAthI bhatRhari appear-kumAra chaMda (nAme pustakomAM prathama vikramA mana saMsAra uparathI khATuM thayuM hatuM ane uttarAvasthAmAM dityane ullekha thayuM che. temAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke, teNe sAdhujIvanane svIkAra karyo hato. te samayanA kaliyugamAM 3020 varSa vItyAbAda vikramAditya dekhAva zuMgavaMzI rAjAonuM temaja rAjA gaMdharvasenanuM jIvana- deze." A vAkyamAM darzAvela "dekhAva deze ' zabdane vRttAMta lakhatI vakhate ApaNe isAro karI gayA chIe artha janma thaze e samajAte hoya te, 31017ke A sarve rAjAo vyabhicArI hatA. ane "yathA 3020=I. sa. pU. 81 mAM tene udbhava thayo kahevAya. rAjA tathA prajA'nA nyAye prajA paNa tevIja nItibhraSTa ane vikrama saMvatano prAraMbha I. sa. pU. 57 mAM (14) juo gaMdharvasenanA vRttAte. ezi. rIsa, 59 pR. 145 ane AgaLa. (15) juo eziyATika rIsacI 4 5. 9. pU.122, miAre rI:-57 thI kAMIka vadhAre hoya te paNa 58 (16) naM. 4nA rAjA tarIke AgaLa juo tathA uparanI kahevAya. ane 56 thI kAMIka vadhAre (kaniMgahAma sAhebane TIkA naM. 2 sarakhA. mata 56 che mATe) hoya te 57 kahevAya. A banne vidvA(1) kaliyuga saMvatane prAraMbha I. sa. pU. 3101 nAnI gaNatrImAM ekane phera rahe che. paNa ApaNe jANIe hamaNavAmAM Ave che (juo. pI. ke. tathA kaniMgahAma kata chIe ke cAlu varSa-Year current, ane pUruM thaela benzanTa IrA) ApaNuM pu. 1, pR. 96 varSa-Year past e benI gaNatrI karatAM hamezAM eka (18) ke. hi. I. pR. 155: pro. kArpenTIaranA mate varSanuM aMtara raheja, uparanA banne vidvAnoe kaI rItanI vikrama saMvatsarane AraMbha i. sa. pU. 58 mAM che; ane gaNatrI mATe uparanA AMka sUcagyA che te jovuM. nigahAmanA mate i. sa1. 56 varSa che; vaLI e rahe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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36 gaNutAM, tenI umara gAdIe besatI vakhate 81-57=24 varSanI rI zakaze. jethI ApaNA derelA anumAna paNa vyAjabIja Dare che. vikramAdityanA zAtavahana vaMza je dakSiNa hiMdanA pradeza upara sArvabhaumapaNe rAjya amala calAvI rahyo hateA te vaMzanA eka nRpati-ariSTakarNa zAtakaraNIe, rAka prajAne harAvavAmAM gardabhIla vikramAdityane madada karI hatI ema uparamAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe. ariSTakaNune eka putra nAme hAla, ati prakhyAta rAjA thayA che. teNe gAthA saptazati nAme eka graMtha racyA hatA, je sAhitya viSayaka graMthAmAM anupama gaNAya che. te graMthanA prakAzanamAM tenA prakAzake eka vikramAdityanA ullekha karyo che19 eTale sAbita thAya che ke vikramAditya rAkhta, hAlanI pUrve thaI gayeA heAya athavA rAjA hAla ane vikramAditya khanne samakAlIna heAya; ane samakAlIna heAya tApaNu, umaramAM temaja adhikAramAM athavA chevaTe sAhitya poSaka vRttimAM teA, te hAlarAjA karatAM meATA hovA ja joie. nahIMtA rAjAhAla jevA samrATa, peAtAne vikramAdityanI sAthe tulanAmAM mUkavAne lalacAta nahIM. rAjA hAlanA samayane jema 'gAthAsaptazati' graMthathI sAbitI maLe che, tenA samaya tathA saMvatsara vize (19) jue pu. 5 mAM tenA vRttAMte. tathA uparanI TI. na. 10mAM TAMkeluM amarakAzanuM vAkaya paNa, sAthe rAkhIne vAMcaro! te jaNAro ke, rAnna hAlanuM nAma paNa vikramAditya hatuM. eTale ke gAyAsasarAtikAranuM nAma jema vikramAditya hatuM tema teNe ullekha karela rAjAnuM nAma paNa vikramAditya hatuM. (20) eka vakhata zatrujaya parvata upara chaIdvAra karAyeA che tathA khIjI vakhate, tyAMnA madira upara dhvajadaMDa caDAvyA che. temAM chaIddhAra samaye, kAThiyAvADa saurASTranA mahuvAmadhuvaMtIneA mULa vatanI paNa vepAra arthe arabastAnamAM jaI ne amApa lakSmI meLavanAra, zeTha jAvaDazAhe sAya ApyA hatA. AmAMnI gheADI hakIkata prasaMgeApAta ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe. (21) a. hi. i. trIjI AvRttimAM tene samaya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sakSama khaMDa tema jaina sAhityamAM paNa jaNAvAyuM che ke, pAdalipta, nAgArjuna ane AryakhapuTAcArya ema maLI traNe dhuraMdhara dharmAtmA purUSo, rAjA vikramAdityanA samakAlIna hatA. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa A rAnna vikramAditye tathA aMdezapati rAnna hAle, uparanA traNe AcAryAnA sAnidhyapaNAmAM zatruMjaya parvata upara amuka amuka dhArmika kriyAra. paNa karAvI che. matalaba e thaI ke rAjA hAla tathA vikramAditya ema be rAjAe tathA uparanA traNa jainAcAyeluM, ekadA samasamayo hatAja. majakura AcAyaeNnA samaya vi. saM. 470-484 gaNAvAya che. jyAre rAjA hAlanA samaya vidvAnoe21 I. sa. 70nI AsapAsa bhinna bhinna AMkayA cheH paNa pu.pamAM ApaNe sAbita karI batAvIzuM ke tene samaya i. sa. pU. ne che. tAtparya e thayA ke uparanI ye vyaktio aitihAsika paNa che temaja kharA svarUpe pahyu che. tathA TIkA naM. 19mAM jaNAvyA pramANe A banne rAjAnAM nAma paNa vikramAdityaja che. A pramANe tenA samaya vizenI carcA thaI. tuve tenA saMvatsaranA vicAra karIe. sAmAnya rIte kAI paNa saMvatsaranI sthApanA kAI viziSTa prakAranA banAvanI yAdagIrI mATe thAya che. ane tevA banAva hamezAM kAMI amuka rAjAnA rAjaamalanA prAraMbhe ja banavA joie evA niyama sa. 68 lakhyA che: A samaya temaNe i. sa. 78 mAM thayela rAka pravartaka rAAtakaraNI rAjyanA samayanI sarakhAmaNI karIne geAThavyeA che. paNa jyAM zAtavahanavazI rAjAe 36 nI saMkhyAmAM thayA heAvA chatAM, ekenA samaya nizcitapaNe batAvAyA nathI, tyAM upara pramANe AnumAnika samayane AdhAra majabUta gaNAya nahI. pu. 5 mAM ApaNe A rAnna hAlanA samaya i. sa. pU. 40 thI i. sa. 15=55 varSInA TharAjyeA che. nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 bhA. 4 pR. 736 mAM gAyA saptazatinA rAjA hAla vize lakhANa che ane te pRSThamA TI. naM. 107 mAM jaNAve che ke, "saptarAtime vikramAditya kI prarAsA me lakhI huI gAyA eka upalabdha hetI. (vaLI jIe pu. 5 hAlanA vRttAMte kavi guNADhayanA ullekha karIne hakIkata ApI che te), www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] te| TharAvI zakAya ja nahIM. eTale te yAdagIrInA samaya mATe te banAva banavAnI tArIkhanuM22 nirmANa na karatAM, je rAjAnA samaye tema banyuM heAya tenA rAjaamalatA AraMbhanI sAlaja, te nUtana saMvatsaranI lekhavAmAM Ave che. samaya vigere te mATe mi. repsana sAcuMja kahe che 23 The foundation of an era must be held to denote the successful establishment of the new power, rather than its first beginning or the downfall of any=krAI vaMzanI paDatInA samayathI kekAInA AraMbhakALathI saMvatsaranI gaNanA karavA karatAM, te phatehamaMda thayela navA rAjakartAnA prAraMbhakALathI24 tenI sthApanA thavI joie. athavA te rAkhtane ke prajAne jo peAtAnA pUrvajo mATe bahuja sanmAna hoya tA viveka ane vinayanI khAtara tevA pUrvajanA rAjyAraMbhanA kALathIpa paNa tevA saMvatsaranI gaNanA karavAnuM dhAraNa karAve che. A banne prathAnAM aneka daSTAMtA itihAsamAM mAjIda paDayAM che. A vikrama saMvatnI sthApanA vize eka vidvAna lekhake potAnA vicAra, nIcenA zabdomAM jaNAvyeA che. 26 zakase 135 varSa pUrve, aura vIra nirvANase 470 varSa pIche, eka saMvata calAcA, yahu khAta lagabhaga sarve mAnya hai. merUtuMgane jo nirvANu aura vikrama saMvat ke khIca 470 kA aMtara likhA hai, (22) dhArmika mAnyatAnA savatsara hAca te te khanela khanAvanI tArIkhathI hajI gaNavAmAM Ave che kharA, paNa rAjakIya bAbatane aMge thatI saMvatsaranI sthApanAnuM dheAraNa judA ja prakAre che. (sarakhAveA nIcenI TI. naM. 24-25) (23) jIe ke, AMOM, prastAvanA pR. 162 pAra. 135 (24) kurAna va'rAnI sthApanA AvA dAkhalA tarIke gaNAze; tenA AraMbha te vaMzanA trIjA purUSanA rAjyAra bhathI gaNAya che; zaka savatsaranI sthApanA zAlivAhana vazamAM leye dura thayela rAjanA samaye thayelI gaNAya che; atra prastuta vikrama savatsaranuM paNa temaja samajavuM. tenI sthApanA tenA trIna purUSathI gaNavAmAM AvI che, nahIM ke prathama puruSathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 37 usakA tAtparya, daSThi saMvatsarake aMtarase hai. cAhe saMvat, vikramase calAhA yA dUsare kisIse "=eTale ke, mahAvIra nirvANane ane ane vikrama saMvatanI sthApanAne 470 varSanuM aMtara che-(pachI te saMvata vikrame calAvye ke khIAe te bhale saMdigdha hAya) tathA zaka saMvatanI pUrve 135 varSe te thayeA che. A kathanane jo pR. 2 upara lisTamAM, mahAvIra nirvANanA Apela AMka sAthe ApaNe sarakhAvIzuM te mAlUma thaze ke 470nA varSe rAjA vikramAdityanuM tA gAdInazIna thavuM thayuM che. eTale tenA rAjyanA AraMbhakALathI te saMvatsaranI gaNanA zarU thaI gaNavI raheze. paNa tenA pitA ane ga bhIla vaMzanA sthApakanA samayathI-eTale ke gabhIla vaMzanIja AdithI--o saMvatsaranI gaNanA karAya, te| 453thI gaNavI paDaze. matalaba ke banne gaNanAnI vacce 17 varSanuM aMtara paDI jAya che. A uparathI spaSTa samanaze ke uparanI TI. naM. 2 mAM je, nA. pra. pa. pR. 724nA avataraNamAM samAvAyuM che ke, vikramarAjye 17mA varSe vikrama saMvatnI sthApanA thaI hatI, te vastu mAnya rakhAya tevI nathI.27 (jIe pR. 2mAMnuM lakhANu). uparamAM darzAvela sAhityakathanane dUra rAkhIne itihAsanI dRSTie eka vakhata pharI tene vicArIe. rAjA darpaNe avaMti upara rAjya calAvavAnI zarUAta 453 mAM karI che eTale te vaMzanI zarUAta te samayathI thayelI nAMdhAya. paNa tenuM rAjya daza varSa cAlyAbAda sayAgAe gAdI (25) dA. ta. caRNuvaMzI kSatrapAnA saMvatanI sthApanA karI che, khIjA purUSa caNe, chatAM tenA samaca tenA pitA meAtikanA rAjyAra'bhathI gaNyA che. gupta sa MvatanI sthApanA karI che trIjA purUSe, chatAM samaya noMdhAyA che prathama purUSanA rAjyakALathI: trikUTa 'vatsarane dRSTAMta paNa A krissAnA che. (jue pR. 3mAM ane ekAdazama pariccheda) (26) jue nA. pra. patri, pu. 10 bhAga4 pU. 737 (27) A pramANe vikramasa'vanI sthApanAnA samaya vize, be mata thayA-eka mate 453, khIjA mate 470: A 17 varSanA aMtarane lIdhe kevA guMcavADA ubhA thayA che tenI kAMIka jhAMkhI ApatAM chAMta, AgaLanA kha ApavAmAM Avaze. te jue, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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38 tyAga karavAnI tene pharaja pADI hatI. pachI sAta sAta varSa sudhI narI aMdhAdhUnI cAlI raho hatI. ane te khAda aMdhAdhUnI calAvanAra jumI rAjasattAnI jhU'sarImAMthI prajAne mukti maLI hatI. eTale prajAne teA AnaMdanA viSaya ane saMvatsaranI sthApanA karavA mATenuM kAraNa, te vaMzanI sthApanA thayA bAda, 10+3=17 varSe428 prApta thayuM che; ke je samaye rAjA vikramAditye zakaprajAne harAvIne zakAranuM birUda prApta karI,avaMtipati tarIke rAjalagAma hAthamAM lIdhI che. eTale nirvivAdita paNe have sAbita thayuM ke, vikramasaMvatanI sthApanA avaMtinI prajAeja, rAjA vikramAditye karela upakAranA smAraka tarIke, te rAjaamalanA prAraMbhakALathI ja karI batAvI che; nahIM ke tenA29 vaMzanI sthApanAnA kALathI vikramAdityanA jIvanamAM jema ghaNI pravRttiee navIna svarUpa dhAraNa karyA che tema gAdIsthAna vize paNa kalpavuMja paDaze. A viSayanI gAdIsthAna tathA carcA gata paricchedanA aMtamAM vedhazALA ane karAI gaI che eTale ahIM tA kALagaNanAnuM taMtra mAtra tene isArA karIne je aMtima nirNaya baMdhAyeA che teja jaNAvI daIzuM; ke vidizA nagarIne badale have ujainI nagarIe te garvayukta pada zAAvavA mAMDayuM haze. eTale eka tIrthadhAmanA mahattva sAthe, hiMdI sAmrAjyanA pATanagara tarIkenuM temAM gaurava umerAyuM. vaLI eka trIjA prakAre paNa tenI mahattA vadhI heAya ema anumAna karavAne gAdIsthAna tathA (28) A vize nA. pra.pa. pR. 10 bhA. 4 pR. 730 mAM lakhe che ke:-vimarJAnaMtara terasa cAlepu yara pavitA| (vikrama rAntanA teramA varSe) usane apanA sAMvatsara calAyA (pR. 728) A leAkranA AdhAra temaNe TAMkayA nathI, paNa pR. 730 TI. naM. 102mAM jaNAve che ke, threDedarAnA zeTha aMbAlAla nAnAbhAinA pustaka bhaMDAramAM prAcIna aa pAnAmAMthI A bAbata maLI che. (29) sarakhAve uparanI TI. na. 27. (30) jene imejImAM leATayuDa ane leTITayuDa kahevAya che te; vartamAnakALe A leAMTayuDanI gaNatrInA sthAna tarIke laDana zaheranu eka paN jene 'grInIca' kahevAya che tyAMnI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ saptama khaMDa kAraNa maLe che. hiMdI jyAtiSa ane khagALazAstrIoe pRthvInA mApatI-rekhAMza ane akSAMzanI gaNatrInA sthAna tarIke A samayathI A pATanagarane pasaMda karyuM hAya ema dekhAya che. Ama mAnavAne sabaLa kAraNa e che ke, A vikramAditya rAjA poteja kSatriyAcita zaurya dharAvavA uparAMta, bahu vidyAvilAsI hatA. tenI khuddhi ane cAturyanI aneka daMtakathA vArtArUpe guMthAne AmaprajAnA hastakamaLamAM-vizeSe karIne gAmaDAmAM vasatI prajAnA nivRttinA samaye kALakSepa karavAnA ane nirdoSa AnaMda meLavavAnA sAdhanarUpe- vAraMvAra najare paDatI dekhAya che. A kathAmAMnI krAIkamAM, rAjA vikramane daivIzaktineA dhAraka, tA krAIkamAM vaLI tevI zaktinA upAsaka teA vaLI krAIkamAM tene niDaratApUrvaka bhUta, vetALa, pizAcAdinI sAthe agamya ane gUDha rIte kAma pADanAra tarIke-matalaba ke dareke darekamAM-eka mahA bhaDavIra ane karmavIra tarIkeja cItarI batAvAyeA che. eTale leAkane raMjana karI AzcaryamAM lIna karI nAMkhe tevI sarva zAkhAmAM nAmAMkita thaI paDela AvA rAjavInA rAjyakALe, jyotiSa ane khagALavidyAnA dedAra paNa navAja lekhAsa dhAraNa kare ema zuM mAnI zakAya nahIM? khIjo eka muddo paNa atre jaNAvI devA upayAgI thai paDaze. teNe athavA tenA rAjyaamala daramyAna ujjainImAM vedhazALA sthApana thayAnuM jo nakkI32 thAya vedhazALA" gaNavAmAM Ave che. rekhAMzalezansTaTayuDa='ttara ane dakSiNa dhruvamAMthI pasAra thatI, pRthvInA gALA uparanI lITI; te 360 che. akSAMrA leTITayuDa=viSuvavRtta (Equator)thI samAMtare uttara dakSiNe dorelI geALa rekhAomAMnI koI paNa; te kula 180 che. (31) AvI vArtAomAM mukhyapaNe sUDAbahe terInI vArtA (72 pepaTanI), maDA paccIsInI (25 muDadAMnI) vArtA, ane batrIsa putaLInI vArtA i. i che. (32) jIo ane sarakhAve| samrATa priyadarzinanA vRttAMte pu. 2 pR. 349 TI. na, 87, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] tA, kALagaNanAmAM paNa jabarA palaTA thayAnuM ja mAnI levuM paDaze. kAraNake atyArasudhI pUrNimAMta mahinA gaNavAnI rUDhI pracalita hatI. tene badale caMdranI gati upara mahinAne krama niyata karavAnuM TharavAthI, amAsAMta mahinA gaNavAnI zarUAta paNa A samayathIja dAkhala thaI gaNAya.37 AnA purAvAmAM ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke vikrama saMvatsaranA nirdeSakaravAmAM,pratyekamahinA amAvAsyAnA divase purA karI, zukalapakSanA pratipadAne nUtana mAsanA prAraMbhika divasa tarIke lekhavAmAM Ave che.74 jyAre tenI pUrve-daSTAMta tarIke mahAvIra saMvatanI gaNanAmAM-pUrNimAnA divasane mAsAMta lekhI, kRSNa pratipadAneja navIna mAsane! prAraMbhika dIna gaNavAmAM AvatA hatA. joke vikramanA samayabAda kAtarAyalA keTalAka zilAlekhamAM, Rtu anusAra paNa kALagaNanA karAI hAya ema najare paDe che. A bAbata mahattvanI che; jethI te viSayamAM krAMka lakhavAnI IcchA paNa thAya che; paraMtu te viSaya ApaNI maryAdAnI bahAranA hAi lAcArIthI cheADI devA paDe che. bAkI keTalAka prasaMge jyAM samayane niNaeNya karavAmAM kAI prakAre vedhazALAnI mAhitI (33) 4. ka. pR. 31 mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke--In We* stern India, Kartika beginning Thursday Sept 18th. B. C. 57.: In Northern India, Purnima nta begins with full-moon Chaitra, making epoch Sunday February 23 rd. B. C. 57 or Ka liyuga 3044 expired=pazcima hiMdamAM (vanI rAta) krArtika mAsamAM i. sa. pU. 57 nA sapTembaranI 18 tArIkha ne gurUvArathI thai che. ane uttara hiMdamAM caitra pUrNimAMtanA dinathI eTale I. sa. pU. 57nA phebruArI 23 ne ravivArathI athavA kaliyuga 3044 varSa sa'pUrNa thayA bAda gaNavAmAM Ave che. (vaLI tue bhA. prA. rAja, pu. 2 pR. 390 tathA A pustakamAM AgaLa upara jIe) eTale ke uttara hiMdamAM saMvatane prAraMbha cha mAsa agAuthI thayA che ane pazcima hiMdamAM pAchaLathI thayA che. A hakIkata sAbita kare che ke, vikramAdityanuM rAjya pazcima hiMdamAM lakhAyeluM hatuM paNa tenI sattA uttarahiMdamAM eTale yuktaprAMtA, paMjAba ke kAzmiramAM phelAi naheAtI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 38 saMzaya ubhA thAya che, tyAM kALagaNanA te samaye krethI cAlatI hatI tenA pattA lagAvI, te AdhAre tene samaya kAMika cAkkasa karI zakAya che. ane tema thavAthI keTalAye vivAdagrasta aitihAsika muddAone ukela AvI jAya che. eTale A viSayanuM khAsa jJAna dharAvanArAe, svataMtra rIte ane saMpUrNatAthI A AkhAye prazna vicArapUka RNI levAnI AvazyakatA cheja. jema sarva khAtAmAM pragati thatI dekhAi che, tema A zAkhA paNa bAkI tA nahIMja rahI hAya ema rAhu anumAna karI zakAya che. tenA sikkAo Azrarya jevuM te e che ke A vikramAdityanuM rAjyatA sATha sATha varSa jeTalA dIrghakALa sudhI joke cAlyuM che; paraMtu tenAthI kayAMya alpasamayI ane keTalAya aMze uNA evA rAjAe nA sikkAo jyAre ghaNI saMkhyAmAM pAyalA maLI Ave che, tyAre AvA tejasvI ane kIrtizALA rAjAnA eka paNa sikko hajI sudhI maLI AvyAnuM saMbhaLAyuMja nathI. vaLI tenI pUrvanA (eTale i. sa. pU. (34) pUrNimAMta=pUrNimAnA divasa jene aMte che teve; eTale ke pUrNimAnA bIje divase=kRSNapakSanI ekramathI je navA mAsa gaNavAmAM Ave te paddhatinI gaNanAne pUrNimAMta mAsa kahevAya; tenAthI ulaTI paddhati eTale jemAM amAsane chellA divasa gaNI, zula prathamAthI navA mAsa gaNAya tene amAsAMta mahinAnI paddhati kahevAya. vadhAre spaSTa karIe tA.-- amAsAMta Azvina vada 1 Azvina vada -)) kArtika suda 1 krArtika suda 15 kArtika vade matalakha ke bannemAM sune! mAsa eka ja hoya che paNa vadamAM te pUrNimAMtamAM je hoya tenI purvAnA mahinA amAsAMtamAM hAya. pUrNimAMta kArtika vada 1 kArtika vada 0)) kArtika suda 1 kArtika suda 15 mAzI` vada 1 A viSaya AgaLa upara samayagaNanAnA khaMDamAM cavAmAM Avaze. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vikramAdityanA sikkA [ saptama khaMDa 57nI agAunA) ane tenI pazcAhanA (eTale I. sa. che. te ema che ke unInA koI kAI sikkA evA che 4 pachInA) teja avaMti pradezanA aneka rAjavInA ke jemAM, ujainInI vedhazALAnA cihna uparAMta caMdranuM sikkAo jyAre oLakhI zakAya che tyAre A rAjAnAja ke svastikanuM cihna paNa paDAyuM che. A sikkAo na hoya ema mAnI levuM jarA vadhAre paDatuM kahevAya. kadAca vikramAdityanA hoya. jyAM sudhI nizcita na thAya eTale kalpI zakAya che ke te sikkAo purepurA tyAM sudhI A bAbatamAM vizeSa lakhavuM nirarthaka gaNAze. oLakhI zakAyAja nahIM hoya. kAraNake sikkA pADanAra miAruM TIppaNa:--A pramANenA mArA vicAre, anumAna hiMdu rAjAomAM, haju sudhI koIe pitAnuM nAma ke karIne noMdhI rAkhyA hatA. paNa tene mudrita karavAne cahere, sikkA upara kotarAvyo hoya ema mAlUma paDatuM prasaMga pu. 2mAM Alekhela sikkAne lagatuM prakaraNanathI. ekadama prAcInakALe te mAtra pitAnA vaMzanA upalabdha thaze. te arasAmAM vizeSa vAMcananA pariNAme dhArmika cihna tarIke amuka citra chApatAM;35 te pachI jaNAyuM hatuM ke, prAcIna samayanA je sikakAone koIka mahatvano prasaMga pitAnA rAjyaamale banyo gavaiyA tarIke oLakhAvAyA che, te A gaMdabhIlavaMzanAja heya te tenuM smaraNa cihna chApavAno rIvAja Deka hevA saMbhava che. vaLI sikkAcitro jotAM, eka vakhata cAlyo hato. pachI videzI prajAno sahavAsa bAju gadheDA jevuM prANI ane bIjI bAju ujainInuM thatAM, dharmAbhimAna ane kuLAbhimAna ochAM thavAM lAgyAM cihna dekhAya che. prANInuM cihna gardabhIlavaMza sUcave ane tenI jagyAe jAti abhimAna pragaTa thayA che ane ujenI cihna te vedhazALA batAve che. ] mAMDayuM. eTale rAjAoe pitAnuM sAMketika cihna rAjA vikramAdityane lagatA anya muddAvize jema dAkhala karyuM.37 chatAM keIe nathI paDAvyuM pitAnuM anumAna karavA ane kalpanAnA ghoDA deDAvavA paDyA mahoruM 8 ke nathI chapAvI koIe pitAnI sAla.39 che tema A viSayanuM paNa samajI AvAM AvAM aneka kAraNone lIdheja vikramAditya jevA rAjya vistAra levuM. kemake koI paNa hiMdu, baudha parAkramI ane mahimAzALI rAjAonA sikkA, vinA ke jaina saMpradAyika sAhityamAM parakhAye paDI rahyA haze ema kahI zakAya. te bAbata eka koI hakIkata spaSTa rIte A bAbatane jALavI rAkhatI kalpanA-alabatta kalpanAja che-mArA manamAM ugI prApta thatI nathI. haju kAzmirane lagato rAjataraMgiNi (35) zizunAgavaMzI (moTe nAgavaMza) ane naMdavaMzI nRpationI ja vAta karI che. (nAno nAgavaMza) rAjAoe anukrame mATe nAga ane nAne (39) juo uparanI TIkA naM. 38 nAga potAnA sikkA upara katarA che (juo pu. 2 mAM (49) A cihnane sikkA zAstrIoe caMdranuM nAma ApyuM sikkA citro naM. 44 thI 46) te uparAMta dhArmika cihyo che, paNa jenasa pradAyamAM tene siddhazillA athavA nivaNa, che: kauzAMbIpati-vAdezanA-sikAo paNa A kisamanA mukita (absolute salvation from the fetters of samajavA (sikkA naM. 23-24-26). this world=jene bauddha dharmamAM parinirvANa kahe che te (36) mahAnaMda athavA dhananaMde, pitAne je vidhithI sthiti)nA cihna tarIke oLakhAvAya che, (jue pu. 2 pR. 12) gAdI prAptI thaI hatI te sthitinuM eTale ke hAthaNIe kaLaza sarakhAvo 'sUryacaMdra' vizenI mAnyatA (ke. . jemAM 8nyo hate tenuM cihna kotarAvyuM che.(tuo sikkA naM. 29,30) pR 113 pAri. 92; ApaNu pu. 2 citra naM. 42 pR. 59 (37) samrATa priyadarzine pitAnA sAMketika cihna tarIke tathA 62 Ti. naM. 54). hAthI kotarAvyA che (juo sikkA naM. 21, 22, 33,34 I.) (41) juo 5, 9nuM varNana tathA TI. na. 32-33nI (8) kSaharATa nahapaNe sauthI prathama pitAnuM mahoruM hakIkta: sikrAcitra naM. 38, 39 tathA 82, 83 jI. sikkA upara tarAvyuM che. sAla paNa teNeja prathama katarAvI (42) vedhazALA saMbaMdhI uparamAM upara yaMkela vicAra che. paNa te to videzI nRpati che jyAre ApaNe ahIM hiMdI sAthe sarakhAve.

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tRtIya paricheda ] tathA rAjya vistAra nAmane je aitihAsika graMtha che temAM kAMIka IsAre vaccagALe ane te paNa saurASTranI bhUmi upara ja thayela najare paDe che kharo; (jene vicAra ApaNe laDAyuM dekhAya che. A yuddhamAM vikramAditya ane tenA A pArigrAphamAM ja AgaLa upara karavAnA chIe). sahAyaka aMdhapatie, zaka(hiMdI temaja mULavatanIone) rAjA nahapANanuM rAjya, uttarahiMdamAM mathurAne tathA kSaharATa prajAne khoDo kADhI nAMkhyo hato tathA sUrasena ane pAMcALadeza; temaja paMjAba kAzmira chaDI potAne maLela vijaya mATe keTalAMka dharmakAryo paNa daIne, lagabhaga sarvatra pharI vaLyuM hatuM tema dakSiNa te bannee A pradezamAM karyAM hatAM. A pramANe pazcima hiMdamAM aMdhavaMzIonuM sAmrAjya jAmeluM paDayuM hatuM. hiMdane agatya gaNAte bhAga mukhyapaNe teNe meLavI paraMtu pUrva hiMdanI agatyatA, jyArathI hiMdIsamrATanI lIdhA hatA. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM te tene upakAraka, gAdI magadhamAMthI pheravAIne avaMtimAM lAvavAmAM AvI sahAyaka ane mitra je gaNe, tevA AMdhrapatinuM rAjya tyArathI te ghaNIja ghaTI gaI hatI. temAM have te, hatuM eTale tyAM te te dizAmAM kAMIpaNa karavApaNuM tenA upara kenI sattA hatI ke nahatI te upara hatuM ja nahIM; tema pUrva hiMdano bhAga vastutaH rAjadvArI bahu lakSa paNa rakhAtuM nahotuM. chatAM avaMtimAM gAdI kakSAmAMthI bAkAta thaI gayo hato. eTale pachI jItaAvyA pachI je avAranavAra chUTaka banAve tyAM vAne kaI pradeza bAkI rahyo hoya te te uttara banavA pAmyA che te uparathI mAnavAne kAraNe maLe hiMdano ja bhAga kahevAya. eTale teNe zaka prajA sAthe che, ke te bhAga paNa avaMtinA zahenazAhane tAbeja be vakhata mahAna yuddho khelyAM hatAM. prathamanuM gAdI he joIe. (kadAca khaMDiyA tarIke ke ardhakhaMDiyA meLavatI vakhate ane bIjuM pitAnA dharmanuM mahAna tarIkeja haze, bAkI pazcima hiMdana Akho siMdha, tIrtha zatrujya je saurASTra prAMtamAM AvI rahyuM hatuM saurASTra ane kekaNanI lAMbI paTTAvALA pradezano uttara tenA upara Adhipatya meLavatI vakhate-ahIM AgaLa bhAga-punA AgaLa jyAMthI pazcimano ghATa zarU thAya upara darzAvela rAjataraMgiNikAnuM varNana vicAravuM paDe che tyAM sudhI sarvabhAga-avaMtipati rAjA naravAhana- che. te vizeSa vajanadAra ane vizvasanIya gaNAya tema che. nahapAnA rAjya vistAramAM AvI jato hato. A kemake te graMtha kevaLa kAzmiranI tavArIkhane ja che ane vistAramAM keTaleka bhAga nahapANanA mRtyu pachI tenA lekhake te dezanA saghaLAM sAdhano, jeTalAM jeTalAM gardabhIla ane zakarAjAonA amalamAM avaMtinI (rAjakIya suddhAM paNa) te samaye prApta thaI zakayAM ANamAMthI khasI gayo haze.44 vaLI je bhAga temAMthI haze teTalAM meLavIne tenA dehana-sArarUpeja graMthanuM zaka prajAe bacAvI pADayo hato te te avaMtinI lakhANa karyuM haze. eTale temAM je ema lakhyuM che ke, gAdI maLatAMja vikramAdityane AdhIna thaI gayA hatA, rAjA vikramAditye kAzmira chatI tyAM potAnA sUbA paNa saurASTrane Akhe bhAga tathA aravallInI tarIke maMtrIguptane nImyo hato te hakIkatane satya pazcima bhAga, je upara zAhI rAjA-hiMdI zakapati tarIke lekhavI paDaze. A vikramAditya kayo he joIe rUSabhadattanI sattA jAmI paDI hatI te mATe te muddha tene nirdeza karyo nathI. joke prathama daraje zakAri laDIne ja jIta meLavavI rahI hatI. A yuddha vimA- vikramAditya mAnI levAya tema che. paNa tema karatAM eka ditya gAdIe beThe (I. sa. pU. 57) ane zAMta muzkelI e Ave che, ke jo vikramAditye kAzmira kabaje ariSTakarNa maraNa pAme (i. sa. pU. 47) te benA karyuM hoya te teNe pitAnA samaya (I. sa. pU. 57 (43) ja, je. e. se. pu. 12 pR. 14nuM avataraNa je ApaNe AgaLa upara aSTama khaMDe samayagaNanA vizenA paricchedamAM karyuM che te juo. (44) jIo rUSabhadattanA vRttAte. (45) sarakhA rANIzrI baLazrIne nAsikano zilAlekha. (46) AgaLa upara tenA dharmavALo pAra juo. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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42 vikramAdityane [ saptama khaMDa thI I. sa. 3) daramyAna keIka kALe kAzmiranA vinA ja te bhUmi na dhaNiyAtI paDI rahI haze? kaI rastAmAM AvatuM paMjAba sara karI levuM ja rahe. jyAre anya rAjAe tyAM hakumata sthApI hatI tema paNa inDopAthiane zahenazAha mejhIjhathI mAMDI gAMDAkAranesa jaNAyuM nathI, temaja dhaNI vinAnI jamIna paDI rahe sudhInA pAMcenAM vRttAMta jotAM mAlUma thAya che ke, te paNa banavA joga nathI. e uparathI caMdragupta bIjAnI paMjAba ane mathurAnA saLaMga pradeza upara i. sa. kalpanAne paNa tyAga karavo paDyo. pachI ekaja pU. 85 thI I. sa. 45 sudhInA samaya sudhI vicAre AvavuM paDayuM ke je koI rAjA vikrama nAmaapratibaddhapaNe teo hakamata bhogavya gayA che. eTale dhArI hoya tathA I. sa. 45 thI 78 sudhI ke kuzAnatene vicAraNAmAMthI alaga karavA paDe. vaLI uttara vaMzIonA hAthamAM te mulaka AvI paDayo tyAMsudhInA hiMdamAM je paddhatie kALagaNanA thatI hatI, te uparathI samayamAM, je rAjA prabaLa parAkramI thayo hoya, tene ja paNa sAbita thaI zake che ke te prAMto vikramAdityanI pradhAna te kAzmirane sUo maMtrIguma hovo joIe; sattA taLe48 AvyA nahIM ja hoya; pachI bIjI kalpanAmAM, A hakIkata jotAM, mAtra avaMtipatie ja evA maMtrIne kaI guptavaMzI pradhAna mAnI lai, caMdragupta dekhAyA ke jemanI sattA. uttara hiMdamAM haju vistarI bIje jene ItihAsakAroe kavikuLa ziromaNI zake. tema uparanI avadhimAM vikramacaritra nAme eka kAlIdAsanA AzrayadAttA ane vikramAditya tarIke rAjA A zakAri vikramAdityanAja vaMzamAM thayela najare oLakhAvyo che, tene vicAra dhara paDe. tyAre vaLI paDe che. vaLI tene sattAkALa dIrghakAlIna che; eTale bIjIja muzkelI ubhI thaI; te e ke, I-pArthiane tene parAkramI ke sattAzALI paNa lekha ja rahe che. zahenazAha geDekAranese I. sa. 45 mAM hiMdane uttara A pramANe badhA saMjogone ukela maLI rahetA hovAthI, bhAga khAlI karIne (juo pusa.) pitAnI gAdI IrA- kAzimaranA vijetA tarIke taraMgiNikAranA lekhana namAM karI, tyArathI te A guptavaMzI caMdragupta uttara hiMda pramANe, vikramAdityane nahIM, paNa tenA pautra vikramakabaje karyuM, tyAMsudhI paMjAba ane kAzmira upara caritrane ApaNe mAnavo paDaze. A te ApaNe anukeeNe vahIvaTa calAvyo hato te vicAravuM joIe. mAna doryuM che. chatAM svataMtra rIte jyAre samarthana maLI itihAsa to ema jaNAve che ke guptavaMzIoe te rahe che. tyAre tene nizcita tarIke mAnI levAne paNa sarva bhAga kuzanavaMzI pAsethI meLavyA hatA. paNa ApaNe lalacAIe chIe. uparamAM pR. 7 TI. 18 kuzanavaMzanI sattAmAM te prAMte prathamamAM prathama te ane pR. 9 TI. 28 mAM hiM. hi. pR. 649nuM avataraNa I. sa. nI pahelI sadInI Akhare (vidvAnanI je ApyuM che te hakIkata sAkSI Ape che ke, keIka mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. 78mAM) jyAre kuzanavaMzI gardabhIlavaMzI 8 rAjAnA parAkrama vize, vAyavya prAMtomAM rAjA kaniSka hiMdanA uttara prAMte chatI pitAne zaka (paMjAba ane kAzmiravALA bhAgamAM) eka daMtakathA pravartAvyo, tyAre ja AvyA che; te pachI uparanA I. pracalita thaI hatI. vaLI samajAya che ke, te rAjAne sa. 45 thI 78 sudhInA 35 jeTalA varSanA gALAmAM, vasavATa temanAthI ati dUra paDI gayela hovAthI, tene te bhUmi upara konI sattA rahI haze?ke rAjAnI ANu lagatI satya hakIkta temane pUrepUrI samajAI nahatI. (47) juo pu. 3 pR. 145 uparano kAThe. gaIbI zabda vaparAyo che, ema je temane samajAyuM (48) juo upara TIka naM. 33. hota to? (49) gardabha-gadheDA jevuM 5zu, manuSya natinI strI A sthiti sUcave che ke, te pradezanI prajA potAnA sAthe lagnagraMthIthI joDAya te hakIkata vicitra lAge ja; rAjane gabhIlavaMzI rAjapurUSa dhAravAne badale, vicitra paNa gadheDAne sthAne gabhIlavaMzI purUSane udezIne, te rItano mAnavI hevAnuM dhAratI hatI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] rAjya vistAra tethIja te AkhI vArtAne eka AzcaryakAraka dhaTanA tarIkepa.-Astrange tale-svIkArIne temaNe calAvye lIdhI hatI. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, kAzmira upara gardabhIlavaMzInIja rAjahakumata sthApita thavA pAmI hatI; ane te ye zakAra vikramAditya karatAM vikrama-TekA caritranA saMbhava vizeSapaNe mAnanIya gaNAze. rAjya vistAranA ATalA TreMka varNana uparathI samajAze ke, rAjA vikramAditya kAMI mATA pradezanA svAmI nahAtA. tenA karatAM te vizeSa vistAravaMta bhUmi dharAvanArA bhUpatie, A bhAratadezanI dharA upara thaI gayA che. chatAM kASTanA saMvatsara cAhyuM| nathI. jyAre A rAjAneA saMvatsara prajAe je calALyeA che eTaluMja nahIM paNa hAMzathI tene vaLagI rahI che tenuM kAraNa kevaLa te rAjAneA prajAprema ja hatA. spaSTapaNe kAI zilAlekhI purAvA A bAbatanA nathIja. paNa aitihAsika dRSTie je mAnanIya gaNI zakAya, tevA sikkAI tathA sAhityIka daSTAMtAthI jarUra kahI zakAya tema che ke te (athavA tenA vaMza) vaidika ke bauddha matAnuyAyI naheAtA; eTale kahevuM paDe che ke jaina matAnuyAyI hatA. tenA dharma temanAja sikkA che ema te| hajI cAkkasapaNe sAbita nathIja thayuM, paNa jenuM varNana ApaNe upara karI gayA chIe, te temanAja kare teA caMdra (7) tathA svastika (6)nAM cihno uparanI hakIkatane sAmarthya Ape che.11 (50) uparanI TI. na. 49 nI hakIkata vAMcA, vicAra| ane hRdayamAM utAre; eTale kharI vastusthiti Ape|Apa samajI jayAro, (51) A cihnonAM varNana vize pu. 2 jI. (para) jIe uparamAM pR. 4AnI hakIta; tathA nIce 4. 42 ane 55 nI hakIkata sarakhAve, (53) jIvatA che|DI dIdheA che ane te bAda te krAI ajJAta sthaLe, cAreka varSe maraNa pAmyA hAya ema samajAya je ( nue pU. 3 TI, na, 7 tathA pU, 12 DI, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 43 vaLI vikramAdityane aMdhrapatiee rAjya meLa vavAmAM madada ApI che. uparAMta aneka vakhate yuddhamAM paNa temanA pakSe UbhA rahyA che. tethI anumAna thAya che ke tene sAdharmikapaNuM hAvuM joie. A vAtane ApanArI hakIkata e che, ke te banne e jainadharmAMnA tIrthAdhirAja gaNAtA zatruMjya parvata upara aneka dharmakAryApa2 sAthe rahIne karyA che. vaLI zaka rAjAe,jainAcArya kAlikasUrinA kahevAthI vikramAdityanA te pitA rAjA gaMdharvasenane jIvatA choDI dIdho chepa, hakIkata paNa kAMIka emaja kahevA naya che ke te svadharmAnuyAyI haze. temaja AMdhrapatinA sikkA, te upara nAma kAtarAyalA heAvAthI temanAja kahI zakAya che; te uparanAM cihno te dAMDI pITIne pAkAre che ke teo jainadharmAMja hatA.14 matalaba ke A pramANe aneka purAvAthI te jainadharmI heAvAnuM sAbita thaI jAya che. mAtra prAcIna sAkSI ane purAvAja, upara pramANe jaNAve che ema nathI; paNa vartamAnakALanA saMzodhakoe paNa te vAtane samarthana ApyuM che. DaoNkaTara bhAu dAjI jaNAve papa ke: "I believe that the era (Vikram) was introduced by the Buddhists or rather the Jains=mArUM ema mAnavuM thAya che ke (vikrama) saMvata bauddhoe--aka jaitAe dAkhala karyo che." eTale vikrama saMvata calAvavAmAM uparI hAtha jainadharmIoneAja hatA. ane tema hAvAnuM kAraNa A gaI bhIlavaMzI rAjAe peAte na. 47 ). (54) A bheMzanI sthApanA thai tyArathI gautamIputra zAtakaraNI (na.. 26 mA rAja) rAjA thayA, tyAMsudhI mukhyapaNe sarve rAjAe jainadharmI hatA. vacce pataMjalI vaicAkaraNInI sattA jyAre jAmI hatI, tyAre e cAra rAjA vaidika mata tarapha DhaLyA hatA kharA; bAkI naM. 26 mA rAntanA samaya bAda te te udhADe chega vaidika matAnuyAyI ja thai gayA hatA. (55) juo, ja, khAM. e rA, e, sA, pu. 8 4, 233, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vikramAdityanAM [ saptama khaMDa jenadhama hovAnuM vizeSapaNe dekhAya che. vaLI bIjA bhAu dAjInA kathana sarakhIja che. vizeSa purAvAmAM vidvAna pajaNAve che keH "Vikram Samvat teja vidvAna lekhakanuM eka anya vAkaya TAMkavAnuM 58 is used by the Jains only, and was atre jarUrI manAya che. " In whose (Vikramafirst adopted by the kings of Anahil ditya's) time the great temple of Shri pattan in Gujarat=vikrama saMvatane upayoga Mahavira named Yaksa-Vasati was kevaLa jenoeja karyo che, ane gujarAtanA aNahila- built on the top (horn) of SuvarnapaTTaNanA rAjAoe ja prathama teno vaparAza karyo giri, near Jalaurapara, by a merchant hatA."57 A hakIkata paNa upara Takela DaoNkTara of 99 lacs wealth=(vikramAdityanA) vakhatamAM 59 (56) ja. ba. . . e. sa. pu. 9 pR. 145. ha; eTale te vaidika dharmAnuyAyI hato (jo ke temane (57) tene vaparAza te te pUrve kayAranoye thato rahyo utAra tathA dharma kAMIka zaMkAspada prazna che) tenI pachInI hato paNa vacce baMdha thayo hato. eTale tene pAcho sa. cAra peDhI sudhI eTale cAmuMDa, vallabhasena, darlabhasena ane vana karanAra A rAjAo hatA ema kahevuM vadhAre vAstavika bhImadeva, ema cAra vaidikadhamanuyAyI manAya che () paNa te gaNAze. pachIne karNadeva urpha yamala, jayArathI gokarNapurIvikrama saMvata vacce baMdha paDavAnAM kAraNa mArI gaNa govAnA kadaMba rAjA jayakezInI bahena mayaNallAdevIne trImAM nIce pramANe jaNAyAM che. (1) tene vaMza lagabhaga para, tyArathI te rAjA potAnI rANInA dharma pALato 200 varSa cAle che. te kALane dIrdha tarIke gaNAya ke nahIM thayo hato. eTale A karNadeva tathA mayaNallAdevIno putra te prazna jIda che. (2) te bAda caSaNa kSatrapa vaMza I. siddharAja jayasiha, bhale ughADI rIte kadAca vedikadhamAM sa. 319 sudhI hiMdanA samrATa banI avaMtipati tarIke rahyo dekhAto haze, paNa aMdarakhAnethI te jainadharmane pakSapAtI che. teoe pitAno zaka calAvyo hato. (3) te bAda guma hato ja; vaLI tenI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra rAjA kumAravaza gAdIe AvyA. temaNe paNa pitAno zaka calAvyo pALe to eTalo badho jaina dharmane Dake vagaDAvyo hato hate. (4) te bAda paramAravaMzI kSatriAnuM rAjya thayuM. ke tenuM nAma jainadharmIomAM gharagata thaI paDayuM che. temaNe avaMtinuM nAma mALavA pADI potAno mALava saMvata (58) ja. be. . ra. e. sa. pu. 9 pR. 149. calAvyo hate. (jo ke vikrama saMvata ane A mALava saMvatane (pa) vikramAdityanA samaye baMdhAvAyuM tethI teno dharma vidhAnee eka mAnya che paNa kharI rIte tema nathI; jaina hato ema bhArapUrvaka bhale kahI na zakAya; paNa jyAre juo AgaLanA pariA badhAM kAraNe thI samajAro ke badhI vastusthiti ane saMyoge, tevI hakIkatane puSTi Aje prana potAno saMvatsara calAve, te kaI bIjanA saMva- 5nArAM hoya, tyAre sahaja khAtA ane nAnAM nAnAM banAve sarane upayoga kare nahIM ja, paNa pachI jyAre hiMdutvanI paNa vizeSa upayogI nIvaDatA lekhI zakAya che; vaLI te athavA eka rASTriyatAnI lAgaNIne janma thaye, tyAre vikrama samaye AkhAye bhAratavarSamAM keIhiMdudharma-rAjadharma tarIke saMvatsarane punarUddhAra thayo hovo joIe. A banAva hato ja nahIM. vaidika dhame rAjadharma tarIke kharuM svarUpa jyAre ArabAnA ane muslIma prajAnA humalA, hiMda dhAraNa karyuM hoya, to A vikramAdityanA samaya pachI lagabhaga u5ra thavA mAMDayA tathA teo uttara hiMdanA zAsake thavA 135 varSa bAda che juo AgaLanA parichede gavaMzI mAMDayA, tyAre banavA pAmela ane tyArathI ja A pravRttine amale vaidikadhama rAjadharma hato ja, paNa tene samaya I. vizeSapaNe uttejana maLyuM lAge che. sa. pU. 204 thI 14 sudhI che, jyAre ApaNe atyAre te pUrve gujarAtamAM cAvaDAvaMzane amala thaI gayA che. i. sa. 5. pa7 ne eTale zuMga pachI Dhase varSa teo jainadhamI hatA. (juo uparanuM ja. be. baM, ra. e. bAdano samaya vicArI rahyA chIe) eTale ke tyAM sa. pu. 9 pR. 145 nuM lakhANa) temaNe vikama saMvata sudhI to jaina dharma ekalo ja bInaharIpha te samaye thAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. te bAda caulukaya vaMza;-tene sthApaka pravatI rahyo hato. vaLI juo nIcenI TI. naM. 10-12 maLAja, dakSiNanA calaya vaMzamAMthI utarI Avela tathA 63), Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paricheda ] dharma tathA cAritrya jAlaurapura najIka, suvarNagiri parvatanA eka IMga vikramanuM ja che. te mATe mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che ke, upara, yakSavasati nAme zrI mahAvIranuM eka moTuM jyAre jyAre prajAne ema lAgatuM ke amuka rAjAne 99 lakSa (naiyA)nI muDI 13 dharAvatA eka vepArIe64 rAjaamalA, satyasvarUpe prajAnA pitA tarIkane tathA baMdhAvyuM hatuM. prajAnA saMrakSaka-prapati tarIkeno nIvo che tyAre uparanA saghaLA--sikkAI tathA sAhityIka - tyAre tevA bhUpALanA pa nAma joDe vikramAdityanuM aitihAsika pramANathI spaSTa thAya che ke, zakAri upanAma' lagADatA; eTale te rAjAne rAjyaamala vikramAdityano tathA tenA AkhA gaIbhIlavaMzano khatama thaI gayA bAdaja te upanAma lAguM paDayuM che, tathA rAjadharma jainadharma hate. ApaNe niyama pramANe tevuM birUda tenI prajAeja joDayuM che7 ema bahudhA dharmasaMbaMdhIne A prazna te vaMzanA varNananI samApti mAnavuM rahe che. karyA bAda paricchedanA aMte jaNAve hato. paNa tenAmAM te nAma pramANe guNo hatA. dareke dareka sAkSIpurAvAnAM TAMcaNe truTita thaI javAnI bhItithI mAnuSI sadaguNomAM te eka Adarza rAbati hato ema ahIMja te lakhI kADhayo che te mATe vAcakavarganI koI paNa jAtanI atizyokti vinA kahI zakAze. kSamApanA mAMgI lau chuM. pitAnI prajA upara jema te vAtsalyabhAva dharAvate chellA be hajAra varSa sudhInA kALamAM, hiMdanI hato, tema prajA paNa, teNe karelA upakAranA badalAmAM bhUmi upara judA judA pradeza upara rAjavahIvaTa tenA upara teTalIja anugrAhI banI rahI hatI. te calAvatA keTalAye nRpatio thaI bhUpatinA moMmAMthI paDatA bola, pran ekazukane ane rAjadvArI tathA gayA che. paNa te sarvemAM je koI khaDe page upADI letI hatI. prajA eTale badhe naitika cAritrya paNa narapatinuM nAma kharA prajA- saMpUrNa vizvAsa tenAmAM jAmI gayo hato ke, tenA vize pati tarIke prajAnA hRdayamAM svapanAmAM paNa koI vyakti e khyAla nahetI sadaiva kotarAI rahyuM hoya, te te ekalA A vIra karatI, ke te rAjA kaI rIte ApaNuM aniSTa karaze. (60) A jAlaurapurane jAlauranagara, jalArapurI, jAlera (64) caitya baMdhAvanAra bhale vepArI che; paNa je rAjAnA vigere nAmathI paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. te eka prAcIna vAjape te baMdhAvAyuM tenI sahAnubhUtine eka purAvo to jaina tIrtha gaNAya che. vizeSa hakIkata mATe jana patranA khereja ne? sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 59, 60 tathA 12) rakhya mahotsava aMkamAM pR. 4 thI 55 sudhIno pU. (65) sarakhA nIcenI TIkA naM. 66 tathA 67 nuM munizrI kalyANavijayajIe lakhela nibaMdha juo. lakhANuM. (61) A suvarNagiri parvatane (TI. naM. 60 mAM (66) A prathA hiMdu rAjAonI hiMdI prajAe akhadarzAvela pU. munizrI kalyANavijayajIe gujarAtamAM Avela tyAra karelI hatI ema samajavuM rahe che. ane tethI karIne hAlanA DIsAkaMpa ane bhIlaDIyAjInI AsapAsanA pradezamAM jevI muslIma adhikAranI hiMda upara jamAvaTa thaI ke te hovAnuM TharAvyuM che. (jainayuga nAmanuM mAsika; vi. saM. bAda te naSTa thaI gaI che. 1985 no aMka juo). (17) pR. 34 TI, naM. 10 From Amarakosa we (ra) zrI mahAvIranuM citya baMdhAvyuM che eTale te learn that sudraka, Hala and other kings baMdhAvanAra jaina hovAnuM siddha thAya che (sarakhAvo uparanuM had the title of vikramaditya=amarakeSanA lakhArI. naM. 59). NathI samajAya che ke, zudraka, hAla ane bIjA rAjAoe (13) 99 lakSa senaiyA jeTalI saMpati dharAvanAra vepA. vikramAdityane IlakAba grahaNa karyo hato. (rAjAe pote vIo hatA. A hakIkatathI te samayanI aDhaLaka samRddhine AvuM birUda nahIM grahaNuM karela, paNa temanI prajAe ja temanA mAla bAve che, sadaNathI AkarSAIne te lagADayuM hovuM joIe.). Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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46 jethI karIne te potAnA haramezanA vyavahAramAM, vepAramAM tathA sAMsArika jIvananA darekedareka kAryamAM, nizcitapaNe, meAkaLAmane ane nirbhayatAthIja AnaMdamAM divase| gujAryA karatI hatI. raiyatanA naisargika ane mAmulI hakkonI vyAkhyA paNa vicAravI rahetI naheAtI. strIvargane paNa sArI rIte, nIcA zvAsa mUkIne nirAMta dharavAnA avasara maLyA hatA. durAcAra, vyabhicAra ke strInnati pratyenuM kicit amaryAdita vartana athavA anya kASTha prakAranA anIcchanIya prasaMge| ubhA thatA, to tajajanaka sarve kAryoM para turataja ghaTatA aMkuza, rAja tarI mUkI devAmAM AvatA hatAM.68 A pramANenI sthiti pravartatI hovAthI, sarve manuSyaprANI, purUSa yA stro, vRddha yA khALa, sarve tapeAtAnAM kauTuMbika ane sAmAjIka jIvanamAM, yatheccha rIte amanacamana karye jatAM hatAM. jema teNe prajAnAM AvA prAthamika hakkonuM paripAlana karI batAvyuM hatuM, tema teonI Arthika viSamatA TALavAne paNa teNe khUba prayAsa karyAM hatA. Arthika upAdhi ane viSamatAnA mULa kAraNabhUta, cArI, luMTaphATa, dhADa, khUna vigere durguNI-gunhAo i. i. je bekArI bhAgavatA mANeseAmAM jIvananirvAha calAvavAnA bahAnA heThaLa praveza thavA pAmyA hatA, te paNa teNe vicArapUrvakanI rAjanIti gAvIne mULamAMthIja DAMbhI dIdhA hatA. 69 chatAM rAjanItithI je dakhAi zakayA naheAtA, tene vinAza kAyadAnA aMkuza dvArA karI nAMkhyA hatA. AvAM kAryane mATe tenA vize ema kahevAya che ke, te pote rAtrInA samaye paNa sukhethI nidrA letA nahIM. madhyarAtrIe chupA veSe kALo aMdhera pozAka paherIne, gheADAka vizvAsa vikramAdityanAM (18) sarakhAvA upara mAM rAnta bhartuharInI rANInA lakata cAritra vALeA banAva. (19) A uparathI samajAze ke cerI, luMTaphATa vigere gunhAonA nivAraNa mATe kevaLa kAyadAnuMna alakhana upayogI nathI; paraMtu rAjanItine paNa amuka raste vALavI paDe ke jethI tevA dhaMdhA tarapha praznanu` mana dorAya nahIM. (70) jue uparano TIkA na', 19, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ sakSama khaMDa pAtra aMgarakSakA laine, pote jAteja janacaryA tapAsavAre nIkaLI paDatA.71 keTalAka prasaMge pote bahurUpI banIne prajAvargamAM bheLAI jateA tathA temanAM kAryo nihALatA. vaLI jarUrIyAta ubhI thatI, te jaMgalamAM ke khaMDiyera jevI dekhAtI jagyAemAM bharAi rahevA mATe, tathA bhutAvaLa ane pIzAca jevA jIvAtmAe je manuSyajAtinA dveSI ane lehI tarasyA kahevAya che, temanI sAme paNa khela ramavAnera, te taiyAra thai jatA hatA. temaja bhara aMdhakAramaya rAtrImAM athavA kAlImA ane smazAna jevA verAna ane ujjaDa banI gayelA sthaLAmAM paNa nirbhIka banIne javAmAM, te lezamAtra paNa pAchI pAnI karatA nahIM. AvI rIte bahAdUrI bharyA kAme karavAne te ekkoja hateA. teTalA " mATe prajA tene vIravikrama '' tarIkeja saMmeAdhatI hatI. prazna kalyANanA mArgo yAjavAnuM, te peAtAnuM parama kartavya samajateA hateA. tema potAnA jIvanI jokhamanI paNa kanavAra karatA nahIM. A badhuM peAtAnI vAhavAha kahevarAvavA karatA hatA ema paLavAra paNa kAie mAnavuM nahIM. te te je karatA hatA, te mAtra peAtAnI eka rAjavI tarIkenI parama pavitra pharaja jaganniyaMtAe tenA upara mUkI che ane te teNe adA karavI joI e, evA vicArathI ja karatA hatA. eTale niSkAma bhAveja te sarva kArya karye jatA hatA. pariNAme je kAI rAjavI, peAtAnI yazaHkIrti digaMta vyApI ane evI abhilASA sevI, prajA kalyANanAM kArya karatA rahe che tevA rAjavI karatAM paNa adhikAMze A bhUpatinA yaza ane guNagAna dIpI nIkaLyAM hatAM.73 nahIM teA adyApi paryaMta, kema kAI samrATa (71) sarakhAvA pR. 4 upara hiMhi.nA lekhanuM iMgrejImAM He himself went out in disguise vALA rAkhyuMna avataraNa. (72) sarakhAvA pU. 38 TI. na'. 31 nI hakIkatA. (73) khIjA paNa aneka guNA tenAmAM hatA, temAMnA eka mATe nue 25 pu. mAM "khUna ke maraNa' vALA pArimAn www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] dharma tathA cAritrya 47 zakAya tevA kahI naja zakAya`. paNa tenA vaDIlabaMdhu zakAra vikramAdityanA rAjyakALa daramyAna, rAjyanA eka mahAna staMbharUpa te gaNAtA hatA. ane amuka athavA rAjarAjezvaranuM nAma hiMdIprAnAM aMtaHkaraNamAM dhara karI na rahyuM? paNa ekalA A rAjavInuM nAmaja temaNe hradayamAM dhArI rAkhyuM (?) tenuM kAraNa upara jaNAvyA pramANe, sarva prakAre teNe prajAnAM dila raMjanasaMjogAmAM, tene rAjyanI kula lagAma paNa sAcavavI karIne jItI lIdhAM hatAM teja che. tenA manamAM sAceA paDayAne mekko ubhuM thayeA hateA. ATalA darajje prajAprema jAgyA hatA ane teNe te prema eka bhUpa-purANakAree tene paNa avaMtipatinI nAmAvaLImAM tinI sarve zaktie amalamAM mUkI, manuSya tarIke gaNavAnuM munAsa" dharyuM dekhAya che. tethI ApaNe paNa khajAvyA hatA. TUMkamAM kahevAnuM ke harakeAi temaja samUcita te rItinuM anukaraNa karIzuM. prakAre, praznaprema jItavA teja tenA jIvanavahananI4 cAvI manI gaI hatI. hakIkata ema banI hatI ke, rAjA vikramAdityane nyAya tALavA eTaleA badhA priya lAgatA hatA, ke jema samrATa priyadarzine upara te mAtra prajAnA sAmAjika jIvananI hADamArInA, teNe karela ukela vizeja jaNAvAyuM che. paNa tethI ema nathI samajavAnuM ke prajAsaMbaMdhI anya kSetrI kAryomAM-rAjakIya, Arthika ke dhArmika-temane joitA hakko saMteASavA, jALavavA ke vRddhi karI ApavA tarapha te durlakSa rAkhatA hatA athavA beparavA batAvatA hatA. tema banavA pAmyuMja nathI. ulaTuM, peAtAnI buddhi pahAMcI, te pramANamAM teNe kAMchane kAMi sudhArA dharma pracAra mATe bhekha laine amara nAma karyuM che, paMDita cANakayajIe rAjAne barAbara amalamAM mUkavAnI dhUnane pAra pADI amarakIrti karI che, tema A zakArane paNa nyAya utAravA AkAza pAtALa eka karavAnI dhUna lAgI hatI. eTale jyAre nyAya chaNatAM, kAI aTapaTA prazna ubhA thatA tyAre, tenA amaladArAnAja kathanamAtrathI saMteASa na pakaDatA, pote chupAveze aMdhAra pIDA eDhI, rAtrI carcA vadhArA karyAja karyAM hatA. TUMkamAM upara jaNAvyAnIhALavAne utarI paDatA; ane aneka guhya khAtamI meLavato. peAtAnA te niyamAnusAra, ekadA evAja prasaMga ubhA thayA hovAthI6 tene rAjapATanI bahAra amuka samaya sudhI javAnI jarUrIAta lAgI hatI. ane teTalA vakhata sudhI rAjyane sArAye kArabhAra potAnA vizvAsu laghubhrAtA bhartRharInA hAthamAM soMpyA hatA. A sthiti keTalA vakhata cAlu rahI hatI te kahevAne kAI sAmagrI ApaNI pAse nathI. pramANe, te eka Adarza rAjavI ane narapuMgava tarIkenuM jIvana jANI zakayA che; temaja AcAramAM paNa teNe te mUkI batAvyuM che. tenI kIrti je jaLavAI rahI che, te tenI IcchAneA paripAka nathI, paNa teNe AdarelAM pUNyakarmanAM bahumUlI kLAnuM pariNAma mAtraja che, ema samajavuM. rAnta bhartRharI paNa peAtAnA vaDIla baMdhunI peThe bha urI-bharatharI : zukAditya A rAjAne adhikAra svataMtra rIte teA gaNI (74) A AkhA pArigrAphaja tenI sAkSI rUpe samajavA. (75) kavitAmAM, duhAomAM i. lAgIteAmAM tene 'rAjA bharetharI' tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. paNa kharI rIte te rAjapadavIe AvyA lAgatA nathI. tene ane tenA vaDIla badhu vikramAdityane, eTalI badhI prIti hatI ke vikramAditya rAjapade hatA ane pAte phaMTAyA hateA; chatAM eTalI badhI sattA ane hakka te bheAgavate hateA ke, kANu rAnna ne kANu nahIM, te pArakhavuM kiThana thai paDatuM hatuM. temaja rAjA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vikramAditya avAra navAra rAjyamAMthI gerahAjara rahetA hevAthI, kulakulAM rAnna bharatharIja manAtA hateA. jIe nIcenI TIkA naM. 77 (76) Ave prasaMga zuM ubhA thayA hatA te hajI jaNAyuM nathI, paNa ati mahatvanA haze ema sahaja anumAna karI zakAya che. (7) jue pR. 4 TI. 9 nuM iMgrejI avataraNa tathA sarakhAvA uparanI TIkA 75. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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48 gardabhIla vaMzanA [ saptama khaMDa -- - -- - prajAvatsala rAjA hatA. teNe TuMka vakhatanA kArabhArAmAM A pramANe teNe rAjyalagAma je samaya mATe grahaNa paNa, prajAno cAha sAro jItI lIdho hato. ane purA karI hatI te sarva rAjA vikramAdityanA samayanI aMtaramAM e che ke jyAre teNe saMsAra tyAga karI bhekha laI samAviSTa thatA hatA eTale svataMtra rAjavI tarIke jaMgalavAsa karyo, tyAre prajAe pitAne je zoka tenI gaNanA karAya nahIM. teNe saMsAra tyAga karyA pachI, (leka kathAmAM gavAI rahela che te pramANe) vyakta pAchI gAdi vikramAdityaja saMbhALI lIdhI hatI. have karyo hate te uparathI maLI zake che. prasaMga ema pachI keTalA varSa te ja che tene patto nathI. paNa banyo hato ke, prajAmAM je vyabhicAra ati moTA A vikramAditya zArinuM maraNa I. sa. 4 mAM thayuM pramANamAM TheTha zuMgavaMzI rAjAonA amalathI cAlyo hatuM eTaluM nakkI che. te pachI tene putra mAdhavAditya AvatA hatA ( juo uparamAM pariccheda pahelAnuM avaMtinI gAdIe Avyo hato. varNana keTaloka samaya thayAM praveza karI gayo hate- (3) mAdhavaditya (4) dharmAditya ane (5) tenuM meTA bhAge nikaMdana te thaI javA pAmyuM ja hatuM. vikramacaritraH mAdhavasenA chatAM ekadama vinAza thayo nahoteja. A durguNane sAmAnya praNAlikA evI che ke, pratyeka rAjavInuM bhoga, rAjA tRharInI rANI piMgalA bano heya vRttAMta pRthaka pRthakapaNe AlekhavuM joIe. chatAM ahIM ema nATaya pustake uparathI samajAya che; ane tenI traNa traNa vyaktionAM vRttAMta ekI sAthe lakhavAnuM khAtrI saMpUrNapaNe rAjAne thatAM, tenuM mana saMsAra uparathI sAhasa UThAvavuM paDayuM che; kemake (1) pustaka pahelAmAM udvigna thayuM hatuM, jethI pote bhekha laI rAjyane varNavAyelA, prAcIna samayanA AkhAne AkhA aneka tyAga karI, jaMgalamAM nIkaLI paDayo hatow. pAchaLathI bhAratIya rAjavaMzo vize80, jema itihAsa taddana te samAcAra rALa vikramAdityane kAne paDatAM teNe AvI aMdhakAramaya hato, tema A gabhIlavaMza vizenI sthiti rAjakAja saMbhALI lIdhuM hatuM. paNa che, ema kahevuM atizyoktibharyuM nathI. jethI rALa bhatRharI pote vidyAvilAsI hatA. kavitA ati prayAsavaDe tAravI kADhelAM anumAno, ghaNIghaNI racavAne paNa zokhIna hatA. je teNe pitAnA nAma sAvacetI rAkhyA chatAMye, keIne nAme caDI javAno zukAdiya uparathI-zukasati nAme racela graMtha uparathI saMbhava rahI jata jaNAya che. vaLI (2) A traNe samajI zakAya che. temaja jaMgalavAsI banyA bAda rAjAono samagra sattAkALa, bhale 90 varSa jeTale prasaMgane chAjatAM aneka kAvyo racyAM che te uparathI paNa TharAva paDe che ane vartamAnakALanA ItihAsanA samajAya che. bhartuharIne sAdI bhASAmAM, rAjA bharatharI, lekhaka, to teTalA kALanuM aneka pRSThonuM vAMcana ApI kahIne saMbodhavAmAM Avyo che. pote kyAre maraNa zake teTalI sAmagrI upajAvI zake che; jyAre ApaNuM pAmyo te jaNAyuM nathI. kSetre hAtha dharela samayanA te mAtra cArapAMcaja (8) sarakhA pR. 4 uparanA IMgrejI lakhANa vALo lIdhI hatI ema kahI zakAya. bhAga "Younger brother Bhartruhari, the noted (80) AvAM nAmomAM nIcenA rAjavaMze gaNI poet,--several years after, Bhartrihari disgu- zakAze. sted with the world, through a family calamity kezaLadezano rAjA prasenajItavALe; let Raj to his ministers and passed into kAzIdezane rAjA bahAthane; religious retirement. vatsarAnA rAja udayanane; (79) bhagavA dhAraNa karI jaMgalavAsa sevyo hoya e avaMtipati pradhotavaMzI rAjAo: phalitArtha daMtakathAmAM nIkaLe che. paNa tenA kuladhamanI hakIkata cedipati mahAme vAhana rAjAne; tapAsIzuM te te jaina dharmAnuyAyI hoI, teNe jaina dIkSA siMdhu-sauvIrapati udaya. rAjAne; I. I.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] khunAva1 hAtha lAgyA che. temAMye tenuM varNIna teA gaNyAgAMThayAM pRSThamAMja samApta thai jAya tema che; ane teTalAne pAchuM bhinna bhinna rAjavInA nAma taLe vaheMcI nAMkhatA AkhA dekhAvaja karI jatA hAya, tevuM dazya khaDuM thai javAnI bhIti utpanna thAya che. mATe te sarvene hAla te| ekatrita karIne rajI karavAnuM yeAgya lAgyuM che. anya rAjAo je cAra pAMca banAvA noMdhAyalA najare paDayA che te A pramANe cheH (1) rAjataraMgiNikAranA kahevA pramANeja kAIka vikramAdityane maMtrigupta nAme A traNene anukrame ApaNe 40, 10 ane 40 varSAM arpaNa karyAM che. ane tema karavAnAM kAraNeA tathA dalIlA prathama paricchede jaNAvI gayA chIe, eTale ahIM pAchA temAM utaravAnI jarUra jaNAtI nathI. para`tu atre eTaluM jaNAvIzuM, ke temanA nAmanA anukramamAM pheraphAra kadAca hAya kharA. eTale ke naM. 5 nuM nAma je vikramacaritra urphe mAdhavasena jaNAvyuM che tene khadale kadAca naM. 3 nuM nAmaja te hoya athavA mAdha-sUkSmA kAzmiravALA pradeza upara rAjavahIvaTa calAvI vasena nAma naM. 3 nuMja hAya ane naM. 5 vALo gayeA che. (2) ja. mAM. seM. . e. sA. pu. 9 pR. vikramacaritra mAdhavAditya kahevAi gayeA hAya; jo ke 142mAM jaNAvyA pramANe In a Marwari naM. 3 ane naM. 5 nA sthAna athavA nAma vize manuscript of 121 pages without date, zaMkAzIlatA udbhave che, paraMtu naM. 4 mATe te te emAMthI Gardabhila is said to have 84 Samantas eka zaMkAne sthAna nathI rahetuM; kemake vikramAdityanI =samaya ne MdhyA vinAnI 121 pRSThonI eka mAravADI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAranuM nAma mAdhavasena ( pachI hastAikhata pethImAM ga`bhIlane 84 sAmaMtA heAvAnuM mAdhavAditya paNa hAya ) jaNAyaluMja che; jyAre naM. kaheluM che. (3) vikramAdityanA putra mAdhavasene arakhI 4 nuM nAma te| ApaNe dharmAdityaja eTale ke mAdhavA-samudramAMnA eka TApunA kAI rAjAnI sulAcanA nAmanI ditya ane mAdhavasenathI taddana bhinna paDI jAya tevuMjakuMvarI sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM.85 (4) hiMdanA vAyavya TharAvyuM che. eTale tenuM sthAna tathA nAma nizcita lAge prAMtAmAM pelI je daMtakathA pracalita thayelI hatI ke che. uparAMta traNenA samayanA AMkamAM paNa gheADAM ghaNAM dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarIne krAi gardabhavere paraNAvI varSanI heraphera rahevA saMbhava che, chatAM eTaluM nakkI hatI.81 (pa) tathA jaina sAhityamAM ema lakhela hI zakAya ke naM. 3 ane naM. 5 ema bannenA rAjyamAlUma paDe che ke,87 temanA aMtima tIrthaMkara zrI (81) A manAvAnu vistRta varNana AgaLa upara lakhavAmAM AvyuM che. (82) A badhI hakIkrRta prathama paricchede jaNAvAI gaI che. (83) A niyamanA AdhAra ane rAjava"zI nAmAvaLI gADhavavAmAM ane vakhata pu. 1 mAM ApaNe levA paDayA che; ma keH kAzInA rAjInAga vazanI 7 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 49 kALa, vacalA naM. 4 karatAM dIdhaMkAlInaja haze. kemake maiM. 2 vALA vikramAdityanA rAjyakALa jyAre cAsapaNe 60 varSa jeTale jaNAyeAja che tema tenI pAchaLa AvanAra naM. 3teA rAjyakALa paNa saMyeAgAnusAra ThIkaThIka lAMkheA rAjyeA che tathA tene naM. ramA putra hovAnuM paNa jaNAvAyuM che; eTale pelA niyamAnusAra83 kalpanA karavI rahe che ke naM. jateA zAsanakALa alpa samayIja hAvA joie. A pramANe traNenAM sthAna, nAma tathA samaya khAtamAM paraspara sthiti vizenI saMbhAvanA jANI levI. have temanA saMbaMdhamAM jAyalA banAvAnI paryAle!canA karIe. vatsadezanA zatAnikanI ava'tinA ca'DaprathotanI i. jI. te niyama pramANe jANavA. (84) uparamAM pR. 41 jI. (85) uparamAM pR. 5 jue. (86) uparamAM pR. 8 jue. (87) pariziSTa parva jIe. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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50 gaIbhIlavazanA [ saptama khaMDa mahAvIranI paMdaramI pATe thayela zrI svAmi nAmanA te anumAna baMdhabesatuM thatuM nathI. tyAre bIje kayo AcArya zatruMjya parvata upara tIrthoddhAra karAvyo hate. vikramAditya gaIbhIlavaMzI hoI zake? te tapAsavAnuM rahe te samayanA arasAmAM avaMtipati rAjA vikramAditye che. itihAsa ApaNane zIkhave che ke, InDa pArthiana tathA zatavahanavaMzI rAjA hAla-zAlivAhane paNa zahenazAha geDe phArane sana hiMdezano rAjyavahIvaTa zatruMjya parvata upara keTalAMka dhArmika kAryo ujavyAM I. sa. 4pamAM khatama thayo che ane paMjAba tathA hatAM. A pAMca banAvo konA samaye banyA hevA uttarahiMdamAM kuzanavaMzI rAjAone amala da. sanI joIe tathA tene saMkalita bIjI kaI kaI ghaTanA thavA pahelI sadInA uttarArdhamAM vidvAnonI mAnyatA pramANe pAmI hatI teno vicAra karIzuM. te pAMce anukramavAra I. sa. 78 che. 89 mArI gaNatrImAM te samaya i. sa. tapAsIe. 103 Ave che.) thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. eTale ke prathama kAzmira upara maMtriguptanI sUbAgIrIvALo . sa. 45 thI 103 sudhInA 50-60 varSanA gALAmAM mudo tapAsIe.--pR. 4 mAM carcA karatAM jaNAvI je kAI gaIbhIlavazI rAjA parAkramI nIva hAya gayA chIe ke A maMtrigupta te gardabhIlavazI vikra- tenoja rAjaamala te pradeza upara hoI zake. ane mAdityane hAkema haze. paNa A vikramAditya karyo te pR. 7 uparanI vaMzAvaLI jotAM tenuM nAma vikramacaritra: tyAM jaNAvyuM nathI. sAmAnya rIte zakAri vikramAditya mAdhavasena dekhAya che. jethI saMbhava che ke vikramacaritrane te hevAnuM mAnI levAyaja, paNa aitihAsika sthiti paNa vikramAdityanA nAmathI prAcIna itihAsakAroe tapAsatAM te mAnyatA TakI zake tema lAgatuM nathI. oLakhAvI dIdho hoya. eTale vizeSa saMbhavita e kemake jo tenI sattA kAzmira upara sthApita thayAnuM mAnavuM rahe che ke, vikramacaritra gaIbhIlanI sattA svIkArI levAya te phalitArtha e thayo ke, tenI avaMtithI mAMDIne TheTha kAzimara sudhI phelAvA pAmI rAjagAdIvALA prAMta avaMtithI mAMDIne kAzimara sudhI hatI ane tyAM vahIvaTa calAvavA teNeja pitA taraphathI vacce Avate sarva pradeza tene tAbe ho evI maMtrigupta nAmanA pradhAnane nImyo hate. ema paNa sthitino svIkAra karyo kahevAya. have vikramAdityane prazna utabhavI zake ke, gaMDeraphAranesano amala I. sa. samayakALa I. sa. pU. 57 thI i. sa. 3 sudhIne 60 45 mAM baMdha thayo che, te samaye avaMtipati te naM. 4 varSane hevAnuM sAbita thayuM che. (juo pR. inI vALa dharmAditya hatuM. eTale 45 thI 53 sudhInA vaMzAvaLI) ane te samaye paMjAba prAMta utara te I- pitAnA samaya daramyAna koI kALe teNe te pradeza chatI pArthiana zahenazAha ajhIlIjha ane ajhIjha bIjAnI lIdhuM hoya ema zuM na banI zake? saMbhavita che. paraMtu hakumata cAlu hatI (juo pu. 3 mAM temanA vRttAMte) tene rAjyaamala mAtra 10 varSaja cAlyo che eTale eTale te samaye zakAri vikramAdityanI ANa tyAM hatI te sthiti dhyAnamAM letAM, naM. 5 vALAnuM rAjya je (88) AnI keTalIka hakIkata uparamAM apAI gaI uttara hiMdanA A prAMtamAM mAsanI gaNatrI pUrNimAMta che te juo. paddhatieja cAlu rahI dekhAya che. jyAre madhya hiMda, ane (89) I. e. pu. 37 pR. 33:-Prof. Oldenberg pazcimamAM amAsAMta paddhati (vikrama saMvatanI) dAkhala put forth the statement that Kanishka thaI gaI hatI. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, uttara hiMdamAM bhale founded the Saka era and this theory has rAjadvArI hakumatane pheraphAra thayo haze paNa te bahu TuMka been generally accepted by the majority of samaya mATe ja hevA jaIe. kemake AkhA kuzanavaMzI rAja oriental scholars=pro. elDanabarge sUcana karyuM ke, amalamAM paNa teja paddhati pAchI mAlama paDI che. (juo kanike zakasaMvata sthApyo hato. ane pItya vinenI AgaLanA parike According to Dr. Kielborn bahamatie te pakSa sAmAnya rIte svIkArI lIdhuM hata. himself vALuM avataraNa.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anya rAjAo pA 40 varSa cAlyuM che tene vizeSa parAkramI hAvAnuM mAnI pAMcamA muddAmAM kevaLa jaina sAhityaneAja saMbaMdha zakAya tema che. tethI tenA phALe te chata caDAvavAnehAvAnuM manAyu che. TuMkamAM te sthiti sthA pramANe vadhAre munAsIba lAge che. tema tenuM nAma paNa vikramane jaNAvAya che. zrI mahAvIranI paMdaramI pATe thayela maLatuM Ave che, nahIM ke dharmAdityanuM. AcArya zrI svAmie (temanA samaya vikrama saM 78 thI 114=4. sa. 21 thI 57=36 varSa gaNAya che) zatruMjaya parvata upara tIddhiAra karAvyeA che. temAM mukhya bhAga lenAra ane dravya kharcanAra tarIke jAvaDa zAha zenuM nAma dharAyuM che. A zeTha mULe saurASTra dezamAM dakSiNe Avela mahuvA-madhuvatI nagarI-nA vatanI hatA. temanA pitAnuM nAma bhAvaDazAha hatuM. te zeTha vahANA dvArA aneka padezA sAthe vepAra kheDatA hatA. temAM dravya prApti thatAM, jyAM hAla aramastAna Avela che, te pradeza upara svAmitva meLavI te jamInane bhogavaTA karatA hatA. te karADapati gaNAtA hatA, sAmAjIka prasaMge peAtAnI janmabhUmi-saurASTra tarapha utarI AvatA hatA. tevA eka prasaMga, upara nirdiSTa thayela zrI vajrasvAminA samaye zatrujayanA tIrthoddhAra nA kAraNe banavA pAmyA hateA. A vRttAMta uparathI samajAya che ke jAvaDazADu zeTha, arakhI samudramAM Avela arabastAna nAme dvIpakalpa upara athavA tenI AsapAsanI krAi jamIna-TApu-upara Adhipatya dharAvatA hatA; ane dharmakArya nimitta athavA anya sAmAjIka kAryane aMge, vAraMvAra peAtAnI janmabhUmi saurASTramAM AvatA hatA. tee dhamaiM jaina hatA tema dharmabhakta paNa hatA tevIja rIte ApaNane mAhitI maLI che ke ( jue pu. 3mAM ) gabIla vaMzI ane trIjo muddo--kAIka vikramAdityanA putra mAdhavasenanuM lagna, arabI samudramAMnA TApunA adhipatinI kuMvarI sulecanA sAthe thayuM hatuM te muddo; sulAcanA nAmaja ema sUcave che ke te kAi Arya ane hiMdu . rAjAnI kuMvarI haze. te rAjA kANu ? kayA TApune svAmI ? tathA tenuM nAma zuM? te vize temAM kAI ullekha sarakhA paNa karavAmAM Avyo nathI; eTale keAI prakAranuM anumAna karavA jevI sthitimAM ApaNe nathI. paraMtu vicAratAM mane ema lAge che ke, pAMcamA muddAnI hakIkata pa saMdhAI zake tema che. eTale ceAtheA muddo mulatavI rAkhI prathama pAMcamAnI tapAsa levAnuM hAtha dharIzuM. jo sAthe sAthe vicArI levAya to kadAca tenI TizakAra vikramAditye tathA tenA mitra evA aMpati hAla zAlivAhane, sAthe maLIne jainAcAya pAdalisasuri, nAgArjuna ane AkhapuTanI vidyamAnatA jo muddo--kAI gardabhIlane tAbe 84 sAmaMte hAvAnI mAnyatA vizeneA laI e-vaMzAvaLI jotAM AvA parAkramI gardabhIlemAM teA naM. 2, 3, ke pa vALAne mUkI zakAya tema che. joke naM. 2 vALeAjate gabhIla hAya te mAnyatA taraph valaNa dekhItI rIte vizeSa jatuM kahI zakAya. paNa jyAre naM. 2 vALAnA rAjya vistAramAM paMjAba ke kAzmira na heAvAnuM, paraMtu te tA (uparamAMneA prathama muddo jIe) naM. 5 vALAnI ANumAMja AvyAnuM sAbita thAya che. tethI nirvivAda puNe mAnavuM paDaze ke naM. 2 vALA zAri vikrama karatAM naM. 5 vALe vikrama gardabhIla vizeSa gauravavaMtA ane prabhAvazALI hAvA joIe. tathA 84 sAmaMtAnA adhipati tarIke teneja lekhavA paDaze. (90) arakhastAnamAM atyAre muslima prazna vase che eTale kAine Azcarya tharo ke zuM AvA muslima pradezamAM hiMdu vasI rAke ane temAMye vaLI te rAjakartA tarIke rahI zake? temanI zaMkAnA nivAraNamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, islAma dhanI utpatti i. sa.nA sAtamA saikAmAM thayAnuM manAya che; jyAre ApaNe ahIM vAta karI rahyA chIe te te I. sa. nA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pahelA saikAnI che eTale ke islAma dharmanA hradaya thayA te pUrve chaseA varasanI che. vaLI ApaNe pu. 24, 63, TI. na'. 54 upara sikkAnI carcA karatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke A pradeza upara paNa jaina rAjAenI sattA hatI tema tyAM te dharmAM pracalita paNa hatA. (91) A pAdaliptasUrinA nAma uparathI pAkSitANA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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para gardabhIlavaMzanA [ saptama khaMDa mA2 zatruMjaya upara keTalAMka dhArmika kAryo karAvyAM te banne hakIktanA samayane meLa khAte jarUra kahI che. eTale ema anumAna bAMdha rahe che ke, teo zakAya. eTale te ja pramANe vastusthiti hoya te ema sarve jaina dharmAnuyAyI hatA. A hakIkata ApaNane nakkI thAya che ke na. 3 vALe gaI bhIla teja jAvAevA sAra upara laI jAya che ke, gabhIla vaMzI zAha zeThane jAmA thatuM hatuM. rAjAo jainadhamAM hatA. ane jainadharmanA pavitra eka bIjI saMbhAvanA paNa vicArI levI rahe che. tIrthadhAma zatruMjaya upara, dhArmika kAyI karI dhanyata vajAcAryane samaya i. sa. 21 thI 57 no che ujavaLa karavAmAM temaNe pitAne saMgIna kALA nAMdhAvyuM eTale temanA samakAlIna tarIke naM. 4 ane naM. 5 hato. eTale saMbhava che ke gaIbhIla rAjAo potAnI nA gardabhIla rAjAo paNa kahI zakAya. ane te dhArmika vRttine lIdhe, jAvaDazAha jevA svadharmI dhanADhayA - bemAMthI paNa ekAdane saMbaMdha, zAmATe jAvaDazAha jAgIradAra sAthe avAranavAra gADha samAgamamAM AvyA che bliA zeThanI sAthe sagapaNathI na baMdhAye hoya? banavA hoya ane te saMsarga kuTuMba saMbaMdha joDavAne pariNamyo joga che. paNa tIrthoddhAranAM je kArya karAyAM che tene hoya. A paristhiti pramANe je banavA pAmyuM samaya zrI vajAcAryanA purvAddhamAM che eTale te hoya te kuMvarI sulocanAne A saurASTravAsI ane hisAbamAM letAM . 4 ane ne. 5 nA karatAM naM. 3 arabastAna jevA pradeza upara bhAgavaTa dharAvatA zahi nI sAtheno saMbaMdha ane paricaya jAvaDazAhane vizeSa sodAgara zeTha jAvaDazAhanI putrI ja samajavI rahe che. paNa have joIe ema mAnavuM rahe che. tapAsI rahelA lagnamAM, kanyA pakSanAonI bhALa uparanAM anumAna ja satya kare te naM. 3 ane ATale darajajo meLavI zakAI che, te have vara pakSe na. 5 vALA banAvo gardabhIlavaMzI naM. 3 nA rAjyane paNa pattA meLavavA prayatna kare rahe che ke te ko lagatA TharAvavA paDaze. gabhIla vaMzI rAjA hoI zake? lekhaka mahAzaye te cotho mudo jenI tapAsa karavI mulatavI rAkhI spaSTa nirdeza karyo che ke vikramAdityane putra mAdhava- hatI te have vicArIe. dhAranA rAjAnI kuMvarIne sena te sulocanAno pati hato. ane vikramAdityano koI gaI vere paraNavyAnI vAyavya prAMtamAM cAlI putra eTale pR. 7 nI vaMzAvaLImAM naM. 3 vALI rahelI daMtakathAne lagato te che. vAyavyaprAMtamAM prathamamAM vyakti kare che. te kathana vyAjabI che ke kema te have prathama je koI gardabhIlanI sattA jAmavA pAmI hAya ApaNe kasI joIe. naM. 3 ne rAjyakALa I. sa. te te uparamAM sAbita karI gayA pramANe naM. 5 8 thI 43 che. jyAre zatruMjayanA tIrthoddhArane samaya vALAnI ja che. ane jyAre daMtakathAmAM koI gardabhavere ane AcArya zrI vajIravAmine zAsanakALa uparamAM paraNAvavAnI-nahIM ke ApaNuM rAjAvere paraNAvavAnI jaNAvyA pramANe I. sa. 21 thI 57ne che. eTale -hakIkata che tyAre ema nakkI ja thayuM kahevAya ke te gAmanuM nAma paDayuM che eTale samajAya che ke te samayathIja 12) nuM maraNa I. sa. 6 ( juo pu. 5 mAM aMprapatinI rAtrajya parvatanI taLeTI, junAgaDhathI khaseDIne te sthAne vaMzAvaLI)mAM che; jyAre vajasvAminA netRtvamAM jAvaDazAha ANavAmAM AvI haze. zeTha zatrajayane tIrthoddhAra karela che teno samaya I. sa. (92) A banAvane samaya jainasAhitya graMmAM vikrama 50 lagabhaga che eTale sAbita thaze ke vajasvAminA pUrve saMvatanI aAdine jaNAvyuM che eTale ke I. sa. pU.pa7 bAda rapa-50 varSe rAjana vima, zAlivAhana tathA jainAcAryo daza paMdareka varSamAM te sarva banyAnuM gaNI zakAze. tema gaI. pAdalipta, nAgAna ane AyaMkhapuTa thaI gayA che. bhIla vikramAditya rAkArinuM maraNa i. sa. 3 mAM ane hAla (93) uparamAM pR. 4-4 jue. zAlivAhana-vikramAditya (jIo pU. 84 nI TI, na, 10 tathA (94) A sthiti sUcave che ke, te samaye lagna Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paricchedra ] daMtakathA pracalita thavAnA samaya vahelAmAM vahelA naM. 5nA samaye thaye| hAvA joie. eTale gardabhavere dhAra rAjAnI kanyA paraNAvavAnI hakIkata tA naM. pa nI pahelAnA kAi rAjAnA kALe banI gai hAvI joI e ane itihAsanA paricayathI ApaNe jANI cUkayA chIe ke te gabhIlarAjA anya kAi nahIM, paNa A gardabhIlavaMzanA AdipurUSa ane zakAri vikramAdityanA pitA gaMdharvasena urphe darpaNa rAjA hatA. anya rAjAo A pramANe have ApaNe pAMce banAvanI tapasIla tapAso lIdhI kahevAya. teonuM pariNAma TraeNMkamAM ema neAMdhI zakAya ke temAMnA prathama, dvitIya, ane caturtha muddA gardabhIlavaMzI naM. 5 vALA rAjAne lagatA che; jyAre tRtIya ane paMcama muddAe gardabhIlavaMzI naM. 3 vALA rAjAnA samayanA che. A sivAya khIjuM kAM, AmAMnA kAI rAjavIe viSe jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI eTale ApaNe temanAM vRttAMte samApta thayAM lekhIzuM. ApaNA sthApita niyama pramANe gardalIlavaMzanA varNananA aMteja temanA pratyeka rAjAonA rAjya vistAranA khyAla Apata. paNa vikramacaritranA temane lagatI vizeSa hakIkata rAjya vistAra jyAM upalabdha na thatI hoya tyAM svataMtra paricche te mATe na rAtAM yathAsthAne te hakIkata jaNAvI devIja rahe che, tethI atra te lakhIzuM. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 53 rAjyavistAravA jevA avakAza paNa tene maLyA naheAtA. jyAM kAMIka rAjagAdI upara TharIThAma khesavAnA vakhata AvyA hatA tyAM te potAnAja avicArI kRtyane lIdhe tene AMtarakleza mATe taiyAra thaI javuM paDayuM hatuM. pariNAme zaka prajAnuM rAjya avaMti upara nirmANu thayuM hatuM, je sa` hakIkatathI ApaNe paricita thaI gayA chIe. A zaka prajAnI ati julmabharI rAjanItine lIdhe temanA hAthamAMthI teA, ulaTuM temaNe rAjA gardalIla pAsethI meLavelI bhUmimAMne paNa mATeA bhAga sarI gayA hatA. eTale ke teo nAmazeSa jamInanAja sattAdhArI rahyA hatA. paNa jevI zakAra vikramAditye avaMtinI gAdI kabaje karI, ke teNe Aste Aste rAjyanI hada vistAravA mAMDI hatI. ane sauthI meTA pradeza te teNe zAhIvaMzI rUSabhadattanA putra devaNukane harAvI karIne peAtAnI ANumAM meLavI lIdhA hatA, eTale pariNAma e AvyuM hatuM ke, rAjA nahapANunA maraNu samaye jeTalA pradeza atinI sattAmAM hatA, teTalA sadhaLA vyavahArUrIte A vikramAdityanA khAmAM AvI gayA hatA. athavA TukamAM ema kahIe ke AkhA madhya hiMdustAna-pUrvathI pazcima sudhI--tenI ANumAM hatA tA te vAstavika kahevAze. A uparAMta anya bhUmi tene meLavavA jevuM rahetuM nahetuM; kemake dakSiNa AkhAmAM gardabhIlavaMza sAthe parama maMtrI dharAvatA aMdhapationI hAka vAgI rahI hatI jyAre AkhAye uttara hiMdamAM InDA-pArthiansa zahenazAhano jhaMDA pharakI rahyo hatA. tema peAtAnI hakumatamAM Avela pradezanI vastI, pUrA thayela zaka prajAnA rAja amalathI eTalI badhI trAsIne behAla banI gai hatI. ke prathama te tene AMtarika suleha ane zAMti tathA vyavasthA karavAnIja jarUrIAta hatI; eTale te kAmamAMja teNe peAtAnI sarve zakti ane samaya rokI dIdhAM hatAM. pariNAme tene rAjakALa joke bahuja dIrdhakAlI nivaDayA hatA, are kahe ke ApaNI maryAdAmAM aMkita catA sarve bhAratIya rAjAomAM tenA naMbara pahelA rAjA gaI bhasenaH darpaNa, kSaharATa nahapANunI pAchaLa turataja avaMtiti thayA heAvAthI, svabhAvika rIte tenI sattAnA sarve pradeza tene vArasAmAM maLI gayA gaNAya. paNa nahapANanA kharA gAdIvArasa tene jamAI rUSabhadatta hatA; eTale tenI sattA taLe je je prAMtA hatA te sarve teNe pacAvI pADayA hatA; jethI gaMdharvasenanA hisse bahu jIja pradezaja rahyo hatA. tema tenA rAjyakALa eTalA badhA apasamayI nIvaDayA che? graMthathI neDAvAne varNabheda khADA Avate nahIM, vaizya ane kSatriyA lamathI neDAi rAtA hatA, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vikramacaritrane [ saptama khaMDa ke bIjo paNa mUkI zakAya tevo hatuM, chatAM te bahu sAmarthyavAna nahotA. eTale hiMdanI rasImA bahAra bhUmivistAranI sAdhanA keLavI zake nahato ja; tema aTakIne rAjya calAvavAno temane saMtoSa dhAraNa kare vaLI je zAMti ane samRddhine vAraso teNe potAne paDayo hato. teTalAmAM I. sa. 93mAM rAjA vikramacaritranuM putrane soMpyo hato, te teNe nibhAvye rAkhyA hatA maraNa nIpajayuM. te pachI zuM zuM banAva banavA pAmyA eTale tenA samaye paNa vistAravRddhi te thavA pAmI hatA te ApaNe nIce jaNAvelA gardabhIlapationAM nahotIja. A pramANenI sthiti naM. 5 vALo gadabhIla vRttAMte utArIzuM. atipati banyo tyAMsudhI jaLavAI rahevA pAmI hatI. naM. 67nA be rAjAo tathA naM. 8 bhAIla teTalAmAM tenA naziba jora karyuM dekhAya che. tAjetaramAM ja naM. 9 nAIla ane naM. 10 nAhaDa inDe pArthiane zahenazAha gaphArane potAnI hidI A pAMca rAjAone rAja amala kule I. sa. rAjadhAnI mathurA tathA tazilA khAlI karIne IrAna 93 thI 141 sudhI 49 varSa sudhI cAlyo hovAnuM tarapha upaDI gayo hato eTale te prAMte kharI rIte rAja nIkaLe che. eTale pratyekano amala daza daza varSa paryata vihIna banI gayA hatA. tethI vikramacaritra gadaMbhIlane Taka kahI zakAze. AvA alpakAlI rAjAonA uttarahiMda tathA paMjAbanA prAMte potAnA avaMtinA samayamAM ghaNuM mahatvanA ke parAkramanA banAve nedhAsAmrAjyamAM bheLavI letAM bahu muzkelI paDI nahIM. yAnI bhAvanA ApaNe sevI zakIe nahIM. paNa teo je hakIkata ApaNe uparamAM aneka vakhata puravAra pitAnA pUrvajonI kArakIrdIne ja saMbhALI rAkhe te thayelI lekhAvI gayA chIe. have teNe paMjAba upara teTaluMye ganImata lekhAya. chatAM kahevuM paDe che ke prabhutva jamAvI dIdhA pachI, hiMdanA svarga tarIke teonA bhAgyamAM teTaluM nirmANa thavAnuM paNa sarajAyeluM oLakhAtI kAmiranI bhUmi upara padasaMcAra karavAnI hoya ema dekhAtuM nathI. IrachA thaI ane te paNa meLavI lIdhA hatA. bAda tyAM kAsmaravALA trigupta sUbAnuM zuM thayuM hatuM te pitA taraphathI vahIvaTa calAvavA eka maMtrigumanAmanA vize kayAMya ullekha dha vecAyo nathI; saMbhava che ke sUbAnI nimaNUka karI ApI hatI. sArAMza ke, vikrama- upara jaNAvelA kuzanavaMzI saradAranA hAthe ke temanA caritranA rAjakALanA aMte sArAye bhAratavarSamAM mAtra vArasadAronA hAthe parAjaya pAmIne te A pRthvI beja sAmrAjya astitva dharAvatAM hatAM. viMdhyAcaLanI uparathI adazya thavA pAmyuM haze. kuzAna saradAra uttare gabhIlavazI ane tenI dakSiNe zatavahanavaMzI kaDakasIjha bIjAnuM maraNa thatAM lagabhaga i. sa. 100 sAmrAjya. A samaye hiMdanI uttare aDoaDanA pradeza nA arasAmAM tene yuvAna ane mahattvAkAMkSI putra upara kuzAna nAmanI eka prajAne udaya thaI gayo kaniSka tenI gAdIe beTho hato. te mahattvAkAMkSI hovA hatA. temanA saradAra kaDakasIjha pahele tathA bIje sAthe parAkramI paNa hatA. tema vaLI pitAne cInanA ema bannee maLIne hiMdukuza parvatane pharate pradeza zahenazAha jevo sattAzALI lekhAvavAnI IcchA kabaje karI lIdhuM hatuM temaja aphagAnistAnane je paNa dharAvatA hatA. teNe hiMdamAM praveza karI daIne bhAga InDopArthiane tAbe hato temAM pUrva taraphane paMjAba ane kAzimara upara svAmitva meLavI AgaLa keTaleka bhAga-eTale kAbulana ane citrAlanA prAMte vadhavA paNa mAMDayuM hatuM, ane pitAnA pacIseka paNu jItI lIdhA hatA. have teo pitAnA kadama hiMdamAM varSanA amalamAM Akho uttara hiMda tathA rAjaputAnA laMbAvavAne talapApaDa banI rahyA hatA. paNa vikama jItI laI, InDa pArthiansanI peThe mathurAmAM gAdI caritranI sattAnI sAme jhajhumavAne teo pUratA paNa sthApI dIdhI hatI. eTale teTalA pramANamAM (5) A hakIktanI pratIti pu. 4mAM tenuM vRtAMta lakhatI vakhate thaze ke je pUnamane pUnamAM te potAnA prayAsa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] gardabhIla rAjAenI rAjyada saMkucita khatI gai kahevAya. ane khIjApakSe kuzAnavaMzI mATe ema kahI zakAya ke yeAnapati minenDaranA samaye je je pradeza upara tenI sattA jAmI paDI hatI teTalI-balke kAzmiranA vadhArA sAthe-sarva jamIna upara A kaniSka pahelAnI hakumata jaDabesalAka thaI gaI hatI. temaja minenDare je pradeza upara ( rAjaputAnA-madhyadeza ) peAtAnA kSatrapa tarIke kSaharATa bhramakane nImyA hatA tevIja rIte A kaniSka peAtAnA kSatrapa tarIke bamAtikane nImyA hatA. kALa jatAM kaniSka pahelAnI gAdIe tene bhAi vasiSTha, haviSka, i. AvyA hatA. A bAju kSatrapa kSamAtikanA sthAne tene putra caNu AvyA hatA. tevAmAM I. sa. 142 nI sAla AvI pahoMcI;96 ane kuzAnavaMzI rAjAonI sattAmAM te rAjya vistAra AdarI rahyo hatA tevAmAM tenuM khUna thavA pAmyuM hatuM. (96) kadAca A AMkane eka be varasa AdhepAae karave Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 15 mahattvanA pheraphAra thavA mAMDayA hatA. te takane lAbha lai mahAkSatrapa caNe peAtAnI sattAvALA rAjaputAnA pradezanI pAsenA avaMti deza upara AkramaNa karyuM ane avatipati gabhIlavazanA aMtima bAdazAha nAhaDane mArI karI pete avaMtipati banyA. A pramANe gabhIlavaMzanI samApti dhai gaI. vRttAMtanAM paricchedanA aMte temanA dharma vize mAhitI jaNAvatA rahIe chIe. eTale ahIM te mATene svataMtra pArIgrApha lakhI zakata; paNa vikramAditya zakArinuM vRttAMta lakhatAMja tenA dharma vize carcA thai gaI che ( jue pR. 43) ane temAM prasAre| karI devAyA che ke AkhA gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAene dharma paNa teja hatA. eTale have karIne tenuM punarAvartana karavA agatyatA rahetI nathI. paNa paDe. vadhAre salAmata nIvaDe tevA AM hamaNAM tA nakkI karIne kAma levAnuM TharAvyuM che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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BF aSTama khaMDa UR - - - Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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......................... aThThama khaDa prathama pariccheda samaya-kALa gaNanA (1) mahAvIra sa Mvata (2) di saMvata ---- (5) mAlava sa'vata Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat --------- dvitIya pariccheda samaya-kALa gaNunA (cAlu) (3) kSaharATa svata (4) vikrama sa'vata (6) zaka savata www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda +--- kavio TUMkasAra H--te samayanA traNe dharmanA sAhitya graMtheAmAM kALagaNanA mATe akhatyAra karelI paddhatinI ApelI samIkSA, tathA hiMdamAM dezIparadezI bhUpatioe te mATe karelI rItanA Apela sakSipta itihAsa-- Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA vize vidvAnAnuM rajI karela maMtavya-saMvata sthApaka zakAri vikramAditya kahevAya che chatAM te vyakti kANu ? ne kayAre thai hatI? te hajI sudhI nakkI karAtuM na heAvAthI, lagabhaga dazeka vidvAneAnA vicArAnuM akSarazaH avataraNu rajI karI, te upara calAvela vivAda ane temAMthI tAravI kADhela rahasya-chevaTe temaNe rajI karela zaMkA paratve i. sa. pU. 57 thI eka hajAra varSa sudhImAM vikramAditya ane le!jadeva nAmanI thayela khAreka jeTalI vyakitae tathA temanA samaya zeAdhI kADhI, temAMnA kAne zakAri vikramAditya kahI zakAya tenI karI peTTI saMpUrNa khAtrI tathA tenA samayane pAke pAye karI ApelA niradhAra-- vikrama saMvatsara amuka vakhata sudhI vaparAtA baMdha paDayA che tenAM kAraNeAnA anumAnanI lIdhela tapAsa tathA prAcIna graMthakAroe saMvatanA nAmaThAma ApyA vinA tenI sAthe mAtra joDela AMkaDA uparathI nIpajatI muzkelIno Apela khyAla temaja khuda vikrama saMvatanI Adi mATe raju thayela e AMka vaccenA bhedano Apela khulAsA~ www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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kALagaNanA [ aSTama khaMDa samaya-kALa gaNanA-Dating of Events pragatimAna tarIke AgaLa tarI Avyo hato. te pravezikA sivAya anya rAjavInA haste tene protsAhana maLyuM amuka hakIkata ke amuka banAva kayAre banavA nathI. tema tene pracAra viziSTa prakAre silenamAM pAmyo hato ema moghama varNavavAmAM Ave tenA ja thavA pAmyo hate. eTale bhAratIya prajAne tene lAbha vizeSa maLyo nahote. AvA saMyogomAM ApaNe karatAM te amuka rAjAnA rAjya ke amuka varSamAM banyo hato ema je lakhavAmAM Ave to te hakIka te dharmanuM nAma, A paricchedamAM varNavavAnA viSaya tanI satyatA vize vAMcanAranA mana upara vadhAre paratve na jaNAvIe, te te viSayane anyAya karavA vizvAsapAtra chApa paDe che. AvI rIte banatA banA jevuM thaI paDaze nahIM. eTale jaNAvavAnuM ke beja dharma vonI kALa-nirNayasUcaka paddhati, judAjudA samaye temaja AgaLa paDatA hatA. eka hiMdudharma ane bIje judA judA rAjya bhinnabhinna hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. jainadharma. A hiMdudharmanA mULapraNetA brAhmaNe prAcIna bhAratIya ItihAsamAM AvI kALagaNa manAya che ane temane dharma mukhyataH vedagraMthane nAne saMvatsara zabda lagADavAmAM Avato hato. hiMdI anusaratA hoI temanA dharmane vaidika nAmathI saMbodhAyA zAstromAM, tevA eka be saMvatsaranAM nAme ItihAsa che. eTale ke I. sa. pU. no AThamI sadImAM eka AlekhatAM vaparAyAM hoya ema dekhAya che. temanAM vaidika ane bIje jainadharma-ema beja dharmanuM nAma yudhiSThira saMvata ane laukika saMvatsara che. yudhiSira astitva hatuM. saMvatanuM bIjuM nAma kaliyuga saMvata paNa che; paraMtu uparamAM je be saMvatanAM nAme ApaNe jaNAvI A saMvate eTalA badhA prAcIna samaye vaparAzamAM gayA chIe te sAdhAraNa rIte vaidika dharmanA pustakamAM, hatA ke ApaNuM A pustakanA varNananA samayanI vaparAzamAM hatAM ane tenuM kAraNuM mArI dhAraNamAM sAthe teono saMbaMdha joDI batAva ucIta lAgato A pramANe Ave che. kaliyuganA samayano prAraMbha nathI. jethI temane lagatI mAhitI atre ApavAnI temanI mAnyatA mujaba mahAbhAratanuM mazahura yuha jarUra rahetI nathI. zarU thayuM tyArathI thayo che. vaLI A mahAbhArata A pustakanA ItihAsa varNananI kALa maryAdA yuddhanA yoddhAone-pAMDava tathA kauravo-temaja temanA I. sa. pU. 900 thI I. sa. 100 sudhInI ApaNe sahAyaka naravIra yAdavane teo vaidika matAnuyAyI mAne karAvI che. te samaye bhAratamAM mukhyapaNe prajAmAM be che. vaLI A yuddhamAM je pakSa vijayI nIvaDe che ja dharma jANatA hatA. alabata vaccagALe I. sa. te pAMDavo hatA; ane temAnI eka vyakti je vizeSa 5. nI chaThThI zatAbdithI bauddhadharma nAme trIjA dharmane viziSTatA dharAvatI mAlama paDI che te dharmarAjA je udaya thayo hato ane prajAno keTaloka bhAga tene yudhiSThira mahArAja hatA. eTale A yuddhane AzrayIne anuyAyI banyo hato paNa azokavardhana nAme eka je saMvata calAvavAmAM Avyo che tenuM nAma temaNe rAjAnA amale ja mAtra te rAjadharma tarIka vizeSa yudhiSThira saMvatsara pADayu. athavA te samayathI kaliyugane (1) jue nIcenuM TI. na. 2. bhAratIya prajAmAM te dharmane prabhAva keTaleka aMze pApa (2) ahIM savasaranI carcA karavAnI che. A bauddhadharma hato tethI karIne prajAe upagamAM paNa lIdhuM hatuM. paraMtu uparathI buddha sa vata calAvAya che. paNa tenuM mahatva silo- te sAmAnya banAva na lekhAya. nanA rAjaprakaraNamAja jovAmAM Ave che. bhArata dezamAM je (3) A dharmano mudo-eTaleke teo kayA dharmanA anuyAyI te jaNAyuM hoya te kevaLa azokavananA rAjyakALaja hatA. tenI carcA A pustakanI maryAdAkSetranI bahAranI banyuM che, vAta gaNAya. te vAtane ApaNe sparza karavAno nathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = = prathama paricacheda ]. ne itihAsa prAraMbha thayela hovAnuM mAnI, tene kaliyuga saMvatsaranuM pustakanA varNanano prAraMbha karAya che te i. sa. pU. nAma paNa ApyuM. A pramANe vaidika pustakamAM nI 8mI sadImAM te temanA bAvIsamA tIrthaMkara nemikALagaNanAnA kArya mATe yudhiSThira saMvatane upayoga nAthane vAre cAlatuM hatuM, te bAda ekAda sadIe vizeSataH karavAmAM Avyo che. AvI sthitine lIdhe vIsamA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthane vAra zarU thayo hate. vaidika AmnAyanA prathAmAM to mA saraLa thaI gayo tyAMthI mAMDIne te TheTha, temanA chellA eTale evI samA jaNAya che. paNa jene saMpradAyanA graMthamAM sthiti tIrthakara zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa thayuM tyAM sudhI je je ati viSama che. aitihAsika ghaTanAo banavA pAmI che te sarvane, jainadharmanAM pustakamAM sAmAnyataH koI saMvata uparamAM batAvelA temanA niyama pramANe zrI pArzvanAthanA vAparavAnI pRthA astitva dharAvatI jovAmAM AvatI vAramAM te banAvo banyA hovAnuM jaNAvIne noMdha nathI, bahumAM bahu te je kAMI samayanI noMdha teo lIdhI che. ane mahAvIranA nirvANabAda temane saMvata batAve che, te eTalA puratI ja ke temanA phalANuM calAvavAnuM yathArtha vicAryuM che. jo ke A paddhati (mahAphalANuM tIrthaMkaranA vArAmAM amuka banAva banyo vIra saMvatanA vaparAzanI ) paNa haju, graMtha vizeSamAM hatA. AvA akeka tIrthaMkaranA vArAno samaya paNa varNana karatAM karatAM vaparAtI hoya ema sarvathA jovAmAM keTalIye saMkhyAnA varSane hoya che. jethI AvA medhama AvatI nathI; tema rAjanItinA aMge ke rAjavahIsamayamAM banelI hakIkatane, bhale pachI te tadana aiti- vaTanA daphataramAM, tavArIkha sAcavI rAkhavAnI hAsika tattvapUrNa ane satya hoya chatAM, vartamAnakALanA bAbatamAM paNa te vaparAI hoya te, tene patta ItihAsakAre tene te sthitimAM tene svIkAra karI meLavavAnuM keAI sAdhana prApta thayuM nathI. chatAM te levAne jarA AMcake khAya che. teTalA kAraNathI samayanA je kaMI chUTAchavAyA zilAlekha maLI Ave itihAsanI daSTie jene ItihAsanA AlekhananI A che, temAM A mahAvIra saMvatane nirdeza kAMIka kAMIka khAmI ja rahI gaI dekhAya che. je samayathI A thayela vAMcavAmAM Ave che; eTale ApaNane pratIti () vAre eTale samaya, veLA; jema atyAre koI ekane vidvAnoe mauya saMvatsara hevAnuM mAnyuM che. paNa saMsthAnA kAryavAhaka tarIke tenA vidhamAna pramukhane, pharIne te vAstavika nathI te ApaNe te te prasaMgenuM varNana karatAM khIne pramukha na nimAya tyAM sudhInA samaya mATe, te jaNAvIzuM. (2) mahArAja priyadarzine ketarAvela sahastrAmane saMsthAnA kAyamI pramukha gaNavAmAM Ave che; tema eka tIrtha zilAlekha paNa, A prakAraneja lekhI zakAya (kAMIka khyAla karane nirvANakALathI, te pachInA anya tIrthaMkarano samaya na mATe pu. 2 mAM tenuM vRttAMta jue; vizeSa adhikAra samrATa AvI pahoce tyAM sudhInA kALane "pUrvanA tIrthakarane priyadarzinanuM jIvana caritra je mArI taraphathI pragaTa thavAnuM vAra" e zabda vaparAya che ( vaLI vizeSa mATe TI, naM. che temAM ApavAmAM Avaze). (3) zrI. gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda 6 juo.) ojhAe bahAra pADela mathurAnA zilAlekhamAM 5. 2 u5ra lakhela gAmanA lekhanuM varNana jue, jema uparamAM zilAlekhI (5) jue pu. 3 pR. 137 tathA mathurAnagarInA pari. purAvA che tema sikkAthI paNa mahAvIra saMvata cAlu thayAnuM ziSTamAM zrIkRSNa ane zrIneminAtha saMbaMdhI vivecana sAbita karI zakAya che. ( juo pu. 2 pR. 1 thI 93 (6) athavA vadhAre spaSTapaNe kahevAnI jarUra lAge sudhInuM varNana tathA TIkAo; khAsa karIne TI. naM. 70-71) to jaNAvavAnuM ke, mahAvIrane jJAnaprApti thaI ane dharmo5deza temaNe rAsa karyo tyA sudhInA rAmane "zrIpA. (8) "mahAvIra saMvata' evA zabdo temAM spaSTapaNe nAthane vAre" evI saMjJAthI oLakhI zakAya. lakhAyala nathI paNa sarva hakIkatane sabaMdha meLavatAM te (7) AvA zilAlekhamAM be traNanAM nAme jaNAvIzuM pramANe hovAnuM nakkI thAya che. (jyAre TI. naM. 7 mAM (1) cakravatI khAlane hAthIguphAne zilAlekha; jemAMnA nAdhela na. 3 nI bAbatamAM vadhAre spaSTa che.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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kara maLe che ke tevA kAi saMvata vaparAzamAM levAtA te hatA ja. paraMtu tene eka niyama tarIke dareka zikSAlekha ubhA karanAre vAparyA hrAya ema banyuM dekhAtuM nathI. eTale khApaNI muzkelI to pAchI jevI ne tevI ubhI rahetI ja mAlUma paDe che. paraMtu eTaluM hajI vhevAmAM Ave che ke, keTalAka rAjakartAee, peAtAnA rAjaamalamAM banatA banAvAte, peAtAnA rAjye mATalAmAM varSe te banyA hatA. ema jaNAvyuM che. 10 eTale keTaleka darajaje samaya vize nirNaya upara AvavAne te hakIkata sahAyaka thaI paDe che kharI. paNa jyAM sudhI amuka paddhati sarvamAnya na thAya ane suthA tene anusaravAmAM na Ave tyAM sudhI ApaNA mArga taddana saraLa thaI zakatA nathI. pUrvanA jainadharmI rAjakartAoe AvI kArya paddhata grahaNa karI lAgatI nathI. tenuM kAraNa ema dhArI zakAya che ke, teo eka tA potAnI kIrtinI A pramANenI jAherAta, vizeSapaNuM bahAra gavAyA kare te icchatA nahIM hAya; tema vaLI khIjuM, te samaye AvA aiti hAsika kAnI mattvatA pIchANavAmAM paNa AvI nahIM hAya. kALagaNanA AvI sthiti mahAvIra pachI lagabhaga traNu sadI sudhI te| jaina dharmanuyAyIoe calAvI lIdhI jaNAya (*) C. A. R. pref. CXC:-With the silver coins of Chasthan, begins the use of patrony mics which is the chief characteristic of this dynasty and which together with the regular practice of dating the coins, has made it possible to restore the outlines of its geneology and chronology with remarkable cornpleteness=kA. AM. re. prastAvanA pR. 1906 cakSaNanA rUpAnA sikkAmAM pitRkuLanI vaparArAnA AraMbha thayA che. te (paddhati) A vaMza mATe khAsa lANika che. sAthe temaNe je niyamapUrvaka sAla noMdhavA mAMDI che, tethI te te, vazA vaLI tathA samayAvaLI banne acuka rIte sapUrNa banAvavAmAM upayAgI thai paDI che. ( mAruM TIpaNaH-AthI svaccha samanaca che ke A lekhakanA mata pramANe caDhanA samaya sudhI eTale OM I. sa. nA AraMbha samaya sudhI, DhAI vaze pattAnA saMvata Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aSTama khaMDa che. paNa jema jema kALa AgaLa vadhatA gayA ane hiMdustAna upara paradezI AkramaNa zarU thayAM tathA ANaMde tevI prajAnA sahavAsamAM hiMdIene AvavuM ja paDayuM, tema tema tArIkha neAMdhavAnI ane tene mATe tArIkhane nirNaya karavAnI jarUriyAta ubhI thavA lAgI. AvA paradezI AkramaNakArAmAM sauthI prathama yavana yAdazAha alekajhAMDara hatA. jo ke hiMdanI sarahada upara te IrAnanA rAheAnA humalA A alekajhAMDara pUrvenI e traNa sadI upara thaI gayA hatA. paNa tene hiMdanA AMtarika vahIvaTanI sAthe saMbaMdha ke nisabata na hovAthI ApaNe tene gaNutrImAM lIdhA nathI. alekajhAMDara pachI tenA sahadharmI keTalAka AvyA che. paraMtu temane hiMdI tavArIkha jALavI rAkhavAnI agatyatA kadAca lAgI paNa na hAya, eTale temaNe kAI tArIkha DhAMkI ja nathI. chatAM je temane tevI jarUrIyAta lAgI hAta, teye temanA dezamAM vaparAtA kAI sAMvatsaraja temaNe vAparyo hAta. eTale prathamamAM prathama je kAI hiMdI pradezanA rAjakartAe-pachI te hiMdI hai| ke ahiMdI hA-saMvatsa raste| kharI rIte ane sAmAnyapaNe upayega karavA mAMDavo hAya, te mArI najaramAM te bhramaka harATa ane tenA putra nahapANa dekhAI Ave che. temaNe calAnyA nahIM hoya. mAtra dharma prayatnAja savata cAlata haze, jema vikramAditye savatanI rarUAta karelI, tema tenI dekhAdekhImAM caRNe tathA gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe paNa AraMbha if haro. kadAca dveSamAne dveSamAM vikrama savata nAkhudR paNa karI nAMkhyA hoya, eTale savata calAvavAnu` prathama mAna jema vikramane khAte nedhavuM paDaze; tema dharma pravartaka ke tenA sa'vatsaranI mahattAne e7pa ApavAnu rArU karyAnuM ka paNa tene zIreja cAMTaze. vikrama saMvatsara je keTaleka vakhata vaparAtA adRzya thayA che tenuM kAraNa paNa AvI rIte anya sasarAnI utpatti thayAne lIdheja samajI zakAya tema che. (AgaLa jIe) (10) zilAlekhamAM samrATa priyadarzine tayA hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM samrATa khAravele AvI paddhati vAparI che. sigrAmAM traikUTava'zI rAnaoe paNa A paddhatino upayoga karyA che (tuo pu.3 pR.403 na.103-104 sikkAnuM varNana) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] no ItihAsa 63 pitAne kSaharATa saMvata 1 zarU karyo hato. vaLI te bAda prajAne kevA kevA prakAranI hADamArIo ane saMvatsarano upayoga tenA jevA anya ahiMdI hAlAkIo veThavI paDI hatI tenuM kAMIka darzana ApaNe kSatrapae,12 ke jemaNe hiMdanA judA judA bhAga AgaLa karI gayA chIe. eTale sAmAnya prajA je upara adhikAra bhogavyo hato. temaNe paNa karyo che avasara prAptinI tItikSA dharAvI rahI hatI te ema ApaNe joI gayA chIe.13 chatAM kahevuM paDaze svabhAvika rIte AvI caDI; ane tenA suyazane kaLaza ke sArvabhoma jevI sattA dharAvato kaI avaMti- rAjA vikramAdityane zIre heLA. tyArathI te zakAri pati je rAjA thayo hoya ane tevA rAjavaMzIe 5D 2 sevA rAjavIe vikramAditya kahevAze ane tenA nAma uparathI je niyamita rIte saMvatsarane upaga karye rAkhyo hoya, saMvatsarane prAraMbha thaze tene saMkSiptamAM vikrama saMvatanuM te kaI paNa dRSTAMta ItihAsane pAne ma. sa. nAma apAyuM. A pramANe bhAratavarSamAM saMvatsara 470 =I. sa. pU. 57 sudhI noMdhAyo hovAnuM zodhI calAvanAra je kaI bhUpina prathama pAko hoya te te zakAtuM nathI. A vikramAditya gabhIla ja samajavo rahe che. je ATaluM lAMbu vivecana karavAnI matalaba e che ke De. kIharna A bAbatamAM satya ja vade che ke, ke vaidika graMthomAM jema ItihAsa Alekhana paratve Samvat (saMvata) and Sam (4) may be used yudhiSThirAja ke kaLiyuga vA laikika saMvatsarane nirdoSa for the years of any era, and only karAyo hato, tema jainagraMthomAM kaI mAge niyamatarIke in quite modern times are those terms akhatyAra karAyo ja nahe. A sthiti I. sa. by the Hindus themselves employed pU. pa7=ma. sa. 470 sudhI cAlu rahI hatI; paNa to distinguish the Vikram from Saka have te aneka jAtanI prajA-AryAvartanI temaja years. In fact the words varSa and saMvara bahAranI-hiMdamAM AvIne vasavATa karI rahIM hatI. temaja are synonymous and such differenbanAvo paNa eka pachI eka evA jhapATAbhera baje tiation can hardly be exactI paNa jatA hatA ke te darekane jALavI rAkhavAnI AvazyakatA saMvatanA varSa darzako mATe saMvata ane le. vAparI zakAya; paNa dIsatI jatI hatI. eTale navA yuga pravartakanI jo ke vartamAnakALe khuda hiMduo ja zakasaMvatathI vikrama kema jANe rAha ja jovAtI na hoya, tema paradezI evI saMvatane bheda pArakhavAne te zabdo vAparatA thayA che. zaka prajAnuM rAjya avaMti upara nirmANa thayuM. te vAstavamAM te parva ane saMvaraHda baMne samAthI zabdo (11) juo. pu. 3 temanA vRttAMte. dIdhI che. (juo pu. 3. pR. 238-9) eTale jANa thaze ke (12) bhUmake, nahapANe, potAnA sattApadeza nAsikanA te saMvata paNa kSaharATa saMvata ja te zilAlekhomAM rAjuqle,pAtike mathurA ane takSiAnA pradezamAM (14) zuMgavaMzI rAjAo je ke vaidika matAnuyAyI hatA (juo pu. 3, mathurAlAyana pIlara kepITalano zilAlekha.) temaja temanA prakhyAta rAjapurohita mahAzaya patajavI 1) naM. 12mAM inDopAthIana zahenazAhanA nAma jevA prakhara vaidika bhUSaNunAlaMkAranI vidyamAnatA hatI, chatAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyAM nathI. tenAM be kAraNo che. eka to temane temaNe yudhiSThira saMvatane upayoga karyo hoya ema itihAsa samaya bhamaka, nahapANa vigere pachIno che tethI temane prathama uparathI jaNAtuM nathI. tethI mAnavAne kAraNuM rahe che ke vAparanAra tarIke lekhAvI na zakAya; vaLI bIjuM kAraNa e rAjA yudhiSThira ane pataMjalI bhinnabhinna matAnuyAyI hovAnuM che ke temaNe koI saMvata vAparyo ja nathI. tazilAnA tAmra te samaye paNa dharAtuM haze (rAja kalika-agnimitre mathurA patramAM je AMka vaparAya che te bhUlathI vidhAnae mejhIno vaDavAstUpa toDI nAMkhyo hovAthI tene paNuM viSNu-kaNamAnI lIdho che. bAkI kharI sthiti zuM hatI ane te AMka bhakta athavA vaidikamatAnuyAyI hevAnuM, dhArI nahi levA kama ane koNe vAparyo che tenI carcA meM 5.3 mAM jaNAvI viSenuM anumAna sarakhA pu. 1, 5, 2 ).

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vikrama saMvata [ aSTama khaMDa che, ane te upara jaNAvyA pramANeno) athe bheda je samayanuM Alekhana A pustaka mATe ApaNe bhAgye ja vyAjabI gaNI zakAya. anya vidvAne A TharAvyuM che te eka hajAra varSanA kALamAM hiMdanI bhUmi bAbatanuM spaSTikaraNa karatAM jaNAve che ke " The upara cAreka saMvArano upayoga karavAmAM AvyAnuM term Samvat does not apply exclusi. mane jaNAyuM che. temanAM nAma A pramANe che (1) vely to the era of Vikramaditya, Cole- mahAvIra saMvata (2) cedi saMvata17 (3) kSaharATa brooke first corrected this erroneous saMvata ane (4) vikama saMvata. A nAmo temanA supposition in regard to the Bhupal vaparAza mATe samayanA anukramavAra pramANe goThavyAM dynasty, the Samvant of the Gour che. temAMne naM. 1, 2, ane 4 ema traNa saMvatsaro Inscriptions, Col. Todd in regard to hiMdI prajAnA che. jyAre mAtra naM. 3 eka ahiMdI Vallabhi Samvat and Kiripatrick in prajAne che. vaLI nuM 1 ane naM. 3nI utpatti tathA regard to Newar era ( A. D. 880 ) of vaparAza viSenI mAhitI kAMIka aMze uparamAM jaNAvI Nepal=saMvata zabda khAsa khAsa kAMI vikramAdityanA gayA chIe. temaja te viSenI anya koI vizeSa saMvata mATe ja vaparAto nathI. gaira zilAlekhamAMnA jaNAvavI bAkI rahetI nathI. bAkInA naM. 2 viSe bhUpAla vaMzanA saMvata saMbaMdhInI bhrAmaka mAnyatA pratha- jayAre cedivaMzane itihAsa lakhIzuM (je AgaLa upara mamAM mi. kabuke bhAMgI hatI; teja pramANe karnala AlekhavAne che) tyAre jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. eTale TADe vallabhI saMvata paratvenI ane mi. karkaTIka naM. 4 vALA vikrama saMvatsarane lagatuM ja varNana karavuM nepAlane nevAra (I. sa. 880 saMvata paratvenI) saMvata atra bAkI rahe che, bhUla bhAMgI hatI. vikrama saMvata upara pramANe vikrama saMvatano prAraMbhane itihAsa A vikrama saMvatsaranA sthApakanA nAma viSe jANu. samasta bhAratavarSanA uttara bhAgamAM-eTale je ke bahu matabheda te nathI ja, chatAM kici aMze uttara hiMdamAM-jyAM jyAM hiMdI rAjane amala hatA che te kharo ja. vaLI alpa samaya sudhI cAlu rahIne tyAM tyAM lagabhaga sarvatra A saMvatsarano upayoga te lupta thaI gayAnuM ane pAcho punarjIvana pAmyAnuM thavAnI zarUAta thaI gaI. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM jaNAyuM che eTale tenI satyAsatyatA viSe paNa vaLI judI ja sthiti pravartatI thaI hatI te ApaNe aneka vibhrama pedA thayA che. uparAMta tenI AdinA AgaLa upara joIzuM. samaya mATe paNa matamatAMtaro pracalita thayela najare (15) jI. I. e. pu. 20, 5. 404; I. e. pu. kAma calAvye rAkhyuM che; jethI ghaNI kadarthanA kabhI thavA 7. 5. 46: prInsesa InDiyana enTIkavITIjha yusakula pAmI che; AvAM dAMta aneka che, paNa eka be atra mAtra basa pu. 1 5. pa25. | darzAvIza; devaTTIgaNI kSamAzravaNane kALa 510 ane harindra (16) eTale ema artha samajavo che je bhamimAM je sUrine kALa 585 vikrama saMvata teoe gaNAvyo che saMvatsara cAlatuM hoya tene nidepa karavA mATe mAtra jyAre te che bIja saMvatasara-te pachI hAthIguphAmAM saMtarara zabda ja jaNAvAya. paraMtu tho saMvatsara te kahevAya ane saharatrAmanA khaDakalekhamAMnA AMkane "mahAvIra saMvata' (eTale ke tenuM vizeSanAma je hoya te, te adhyAhAra rAkhe. mAnavAmAM kAMI harakata naja AvI zake ]. [A paddhatinI vaparAza jaina saMpradAyanA lahiyAoe paNa vaLI AgaLa upara TI na. 32 juo. pAthI lakhavAmAM karela che; chatAM teno ukela karanArAo ajANa (17) udAharaNa mATe hAthIgaMphAnA lekhamAMnI mI hevAthI tevA savatsaranA AMkane vikrama saMvat mAnI laI paMkti jue.

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prathama pariccheda ] paDe che. keTalAka tene vikramAdityanA rAjyAraMbhathI ja gaNAtA zarU thayAnuM mAne che, tyAre keTalAkAe te khAkhatamAM zaMkA upasthita karI che. A pramANe viSaya eka chatAM, tenA aneka aMzeA viSe bhinnabhinna mata noMdhAela che; jene vistRtapaNe vicAra karavAnI jarUra dIse che. tethI te te viSayamAM paDela aneka vidvAna zeAdhAnuM ane ItihAsavittonuM A saMvatsaranI utpatti viSe temaja tenA pAlana ane anusaraNa viSe zuM maMtavya che te raju karavuM paDaze; tathA te upara ApaNA vicArA-vivAda ane carcArUpe-jaNAvavA paDaze. tema kAI vakhata temanI bhrAMtinuM nirasana paNa karavuM paDaze; ke jethI AkhA viSayanA nirmaLa sphoTa AvI rahe; ane pariNAme vAcakavarganI khAtrI thaI jAya ke vikrama saMvatanA upayAga karavAmAM pUrvanI prajAe kAI jAtanI-vidvAnAe mAnI lIdhI che tevI--gaphalatI paNa karI nathI tema samayavartIne vyavahArU DahApaNa vAparavAmAM uNupa paNa AvavA dIdhI nathI. nA sthApaka vize khIjI vAta-A vikramasavatsaranI sAthe khIjA eka e savatsarA evI rIte samAgamamAM AvIne aMdara|aMdara guMcavAI gayA che ke tenI paNa mAhitI jo ApI hAya, te te sarvene eka bIjAthI chUTA pADavAnI ane kharUM tAratamya samajavAnI vAcakavargane saraLatA thaI paDe, evuM lAgavAthI tenI paNa gheADIka hakIkata ApavA IcchA thaI che. jo ke tevA saMvatsaza ApaNA A pustakanA varNanakSetranI maryAdA bahAra jAya che ja; chatAM uparanA Azaya baLavattara dekhAvAthI teTalI chUTa levA mATe kSamA cAhuM chuM. A e saMvatsa rAmAMnA ekanuM nAma mAlavasavata che ane khIjAnuM nAma zakasaMvatsara che. tethI karIne A banne vize sAthI chevaTe ane te paNa bane teTalI Traka hakIkata ApIneja saMtASa dharIzuM. A uparAMta eka bIjo saMvatsara paNa (18) kA, AM. re. prastAvanA pR. 162, pArA, 135 The foundation of an era must be held to denote the successful establishment of the new power rather than its first beginnings or 9 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 65 uttara hiMdamAM i. sa. pU. 80 nI AsapAsa zahenazAha mejhIjha athavA tenA vArasadAra ajhIjha pahelAnA samaye praryAM hAya, evI mAnyatA keTalAka vidvAnA dharAve che. paraMtu tenuM nAma paNa zakasaMvatsara hAvAthI atre te ATalA aMgulInirdeza karIne, te vizenI vizeSa mAhitI zakasaMvatsaranuM varNana karatAM ja lakhavI ema ucita dhAryuM che. have ApaNe vikrama saMvatsaranI kharI vigata upara AvI jaie. tapAsa karIzuM te mAlUma thaze ke, dareka saMvatsaranI sthApanA kAIpaNa mahattvapUrNa banAva banyAnA smaraNa tarIke18 karavAmAM Avela hAya che. pachI te banAva bhale rAjakIya hAya, dhArmika hAya ke sAmAjIka hAya, tene aMge kAMI pheraphAra rahetA nathI. A saMvatanuM nAma jyAre 'vikrama saMvatsara ' rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. tyAre spaSTa thAya che ke te saMvatsarane kAI vikrama- vikramAditya nAmanI vyaktisAtheja sabaMdha hAvA joie; ane tenI sthApanA, te vikramAdityanA jIvanamAMnA krAI mahattva bharelA banAva sAthe saMkalita thayela hAvI joI e have ApaNuM kartavya che ke, te vikramAditya koNa hatA ? kayAre thayA ? ane tenA jIvananA te mahattvazIla banAva kaco hatA ? te sarva hakIkata zeAdhaka buddhi ane paddhatie vicAravA jevI che. te vikramAditya koNa hatA te prathama vicArIe. sarva koI eTale darajje tA sahamata che ke vikramAdityanuM te koNa? tyAre thayA athavA te| tevI nAmadhArI koI vizeSa te| temAMthI kaI vyakti A te bAbatanI adyApi paryaMta birUda zakAri hatuM tethI tene zakAri vikramAdityanA nAmathI paNa itihAsakArA oLakhAve che.paraMtu kayA vaMzanA hatA athavA vyaktie thaI gaI hAya saMvatasthApaka hAI zake, nizcitapaNe abhiprAya the down-fall of any=keAI navI rAjasattAnI zubha zarUAta ke anyanI paDatI sthiti sUcavavA karatAM, te (navI) rAjasattAnA phateha pUrNa kAryanuM darzana karAvavAja kAI saMvatsaranI sthApanA lekhAvI joIe. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa uccArAyo nathI; jethI ApaNe te praznanA ukela mATe finally crushed the Salka power of UMDANamAM utaravA pUrve, bhinna bhinna vidvAnanAM maMtavya Ujjain-India tradition does not make raju karIzuM ane te uparathI carcAne uhApoha karI any distinction between the first VikkaI paNa tAratamya zodhI kaDhAtuM hoya te tema karavA ramaditya and the second. It regards prayatna karIzuM. ane tema karyA pachI, je judIjudI the supposed founder of the era, vyaktio vikramAditya nAmanI thaI gaI che, tenI which began in B. C. 57, and the samAlocanA karIzuM. te bAda chevaTe saMvatanI sthApanA royal patron of Kalidas, who lived mATe mahattvapUrNa banAva ko heI zake tathA te more than four hundred years later saMvata hiMdanA kayA bhAgamAM vizeSa pracalita che tenI as one and the same person=caMdragupta bIjAsAmAnya carcA karIzuM. vikramAdityara (i. sa. 380-414) ujaina mukAme zakAri sivAya tenA bIjA paNa be traNa nAme zaka sattAne hameza mATe kacarI nAMkhI-prathama ane jaNAyAM che. eka vikramasena che. bIjuM vikramasiMha18 dvitIya vikramAditya vaccenA taphAvatanI kAMIja oLakha paNa che. jyAre amarakoSamAM tenuM nAma zakakara0 hiMdI daMtakathAmAM darzAvAI nathI-tenA nAmane je saMvata jaNAvAyuM che. ATaluM kahIne ApaNe have aneka vidvAnonA I. sa. pU. 57mAM AraMbhAya che tenA saMbhavita sthApaka, abhiprAyanI samAcanA karIzuM. tathA je kAlIdAsa tenI pAchaLa cArase varase thayA (1) eka lekhaka jaNAve che ke 21-Chandra- che tenA AzrayadAtA, ema banne vyakti ekaja gupta II Vikramaditya A. D. 389-414 dekhAya che." eTale A kathananA lekhakanI mAnyatA (19) eziATika rIsacIjha pu. 9, pR. 122. (22) vikramAditya zabdano artha karatAM ke. hi. che. nA (20) ja. A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 ATha 1 pR.14- lekhake teja puSTa upara jaNAvyuM che ke94 "From Amarkosha we learn that Shudr Vikramaditya "The sun of Might", It is aka, Hala and other kings bad the title of hopeless to attempt to discriminate between Vikramaditya=2472144 B414 adet 44B!, the elements, which may be historical and zadraka, hAla ane anya rAjAonuM birUda paNa vikramAditya others which are undoubtedly romantic in hatuM. (mAruM TIpaNu--eTale sAbita thAya che ke rAjA hAlanuM the great cycle of legends, which has gathered nAma paNa vikramAditya hatuM ja). round the name or rather the title of VikrabAkI zraddhaka vize amarakeSakAranA pitAnA zabdo A maditya. The sun of the Might may be kings 12 D. This Shudraka may be said to have at different periods and in different countries founded the Vikraina era in B. C. 58 by of India may have been so styled, while it defeating the Sakas of Malwa. Tradition is is possible-nay even probable that there may strong in ascertaining that Vikramaditya have been a Vikramaditya, who expelled the defeated alien Sakas near Karur and established sakas from Ujjain vikramAditya=vikama : parAkrama " his era A zadraka vize kahI zakAya che ke, teNe mALavAnA Aditya-sUrya = parAkramane paMja : parAkramane sUrya : vikamAMrakane harAvIne I. sa. pU. 58 mAM vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA dityanA nAmanI balake te birUdanI sAthe daMtakathAne je mahAkarI hatI --kAphara najIka zikane vikramAditye harAvyA ane pravAha lAgI paDe che, temAMnA romAMcaka to eka bAjI, pitAnA saMvatanI sthApanA karI evI khAtrI ApatI daMta. ane bIjI bAju etihAsika tatta, te baMne pArakhI kADhI kayA bahu jozabhera cAle che. TA pADavAno prayana kare nIrarthaka che. "parAkramanA sarya" (21) ke. hi. I. 5. 533. tevA nAma dhArI, dinA judA judA bhAgamAM judA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariracheda ] vizenI vicAraNA ema che ke (a) caMdragupta bIjo urphe vikramAditya, gaNAya ane jene ItihAsakAroe isIthIansa je guptavaMzI samrATa che ane avaMtipati paNa che, teNe tarIke oLakhAvyo che, teno vinAza, rANIzrI baLazrInA I. sa. 380 thI 414 sudhI rAjya karyuM hatuM ane patra maitamiputra zAtakaraNIe karI nAMkhe che. 21 A teNe ja zakaprajAne hamezane mATe kacarI nAMkhI hatI. te ja pramANe be vakhate maLIne, zakaprajAnuM nAma suddhAMta vikramAdityathI kharI rIte vikramasaMvatsaranI sthApanA ItihAsamAMthI bhUsI jaine hamezane mATe adazya thaI karavAmAM AvI che (ba) paNa hiMdI prajAe eka gayuM che. eTale I. sa.nA cothA saikAmAM zakaprajAnuM punaH tevoja nAmadhArI bIje vikramAditya, je I. sa. pU. astitva kalpavuM te, vaMdhyAne putra hovAnuM kahevA samAna 57mAM thaye che tenA nAme vikramasaMvata zarU karAyAne gaNAya. A uparAMta bIjI to ghaNI dalIle guptavaMzI yaza apa dIdho che ane tema karIne (ka) A be caMdraguptanI virUddha jAya tevI che. paNa uparanA phakarAmAM vikramAditya vacceno bheda hiMdu zAstro pUrI rIte pIchANuM TakelA zabdothI te para hovAne lIdhe, tenI carcAmAM zakyA nathI. utaravuM durasta gaNAya nahIM. eTale sAbita thaI zake [mAruM TINa-guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta bIjAnuM tema che ke, guptavaMzI caMdragupta bIjAne, na kahI zakAya nAma vikramAditya hatuM te kharI vAta che. temaja teNe zakAri vikramAditya ke na kahI zakAya vikrama saMvatane avaMtipati caNavaMzI kSatrapane harAvIne avaMtinI sthApI. tema hiMdI prajAe pitAnA upakAraka puruSane gAdI meLavI hatI te paNa kharI ja vAta che. A pitAnA hRdayamAM dhArI rAkhavAnA kAryamAM bhUla khAdhI uparathI lekhaka mahAzaye te ca9NavaMzI kSatrapone zaka che che ema paNa nahIM kahevAya ] praja lekhI kADhI hoya ema samajAya che. paNa itihAsa (2) eka bIjA lekhaka pitAnuM maMtavya nIce kahe che ke zaka prajAnuM nikaMdana te maitamIputra zAta- pramANe raju kare che. ra7 This Aziz the first karaNueja I. sa. 78mAM kADhI nAMkhyuM hatuM eTale has been placed in about B. C. 58; prazna e thAya che ke, te pachI I. sa.nA TheTha cethA and it appears therefore that the era saikAmAM pAchI zaka prajA AvI kyAMthI ? te lekhakanuM referred to, in the Taxilla inscription kathana sAcuM mAnavuM ke zilAlekhanI hakIkata sAcI is the Vikram era, beginning in 58 mAnavI ? bAkI kharI vAta te ema che ke, cakaNa B. C., which was founded perhaps to pote ja zaka nahotA.24 tema zaka prajAnA paNa be commemorate the accession of Aziz Is vibhAga hatA. temAMnI kharI zakaprajAnuM nikaMdana gardabhIla A ajhIjha pahelAne samaya Azare I. sa. pU. 58 vaMzI vikramAditye i. sa. pU. 57mAM kADhI nAMkhyuM che5 karAvAI che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, takSilAnA lekhamAM jyAre bIjI zakaprajA, je zakaprajAne hiMdI vibhAga jaNAvela saMvata, vikrama saMvata che. jenI kri samaye aneka rAjAo thayA haze, chatAM saMbhava che-bake zakaya ane cakaNanI jAtinI sarakhAmaNIvALI hakIkta. paNa che ke, eka evo ja vikramAditya thayuM haze ke jeNe (25) juo u5ramAM saptama khaMDe trIja parika ujainImAMthI zAkane hAMkI kADhayA hoya. [mAruM TIpaNu-A pR. 33-34 nI hakIkta. bAbata ApaNe AgaLa vicAravAnI che eTale hAla turata te (ra6) jue pu. 3 pR. 369 upara rUSabhadattanA zAhI upara kAMI vivecana karavA jevuM rahetuM nathI.] vaMzanA aMtavALuM nivedana. (23) jIo raNIzrI baLazrIe katarAvela nAsikano () ja. be. be'. . e. o. 1928 navI AvRtti zilAlekha (pu. 3, 5. 202). 5. 3, pR. 18 : tathA A parike AgaLa upara DhAMkelI (24) jIo 5, 3, 5 257 thI 212 upara nahapAnuM. lIla naM. 10 jIe,

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa i. sa. pU. pa0mAM thaI che ane tenI sthApanA zakAya vikramasaMvatane sthApaka; vaLI tenI potAnI ajhIjha pahelAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA smaraNacihna tarIke kArakIda kadAca, i. sa. pU. pa0nI AsapAsamAM bhale kadAca karavAmAM AvI heya." A pramANe lekhaka zarU thaI hoya ane teTalA daraje teTalA pUratI mahAzayanA kathana viSe, pitAnuM maMtavya raju karatAM hakIkata sAcI TharAvI zakAtI hoya, chatAM tema paNa mi. kaeNsana kahe che ke-"The interpretation may banyuM nathI; kemake I. sa. pU. 58mAM te tenA rAjyane well be correct, inspite of the tradition, AraMbha thavAne badale aMta AvyAnuM noMdhAyuM che. 28]. that the era was founded by Vikram- (3) eka bIjA vidvAna lekhakara kahe che keH aditya of Ujjain to commemorate the In general, the Hindus know but of defeat of the Sakas=15411 41074) 418- one Vikramaditya, but the learned gIrImAM, ujainInA vikramAditye te saMvatanI sthApanA acknowledge four; and when written karI hatI ema jeke daMtakathA cAle che, chatAM te authorities examined, they were found samajUtI satya hevA saMbhava che. eTale A banne no less than eight or nine. Those, vidhAna itihAsakAronA matathI ema dekhAya che ke who reckon four heroes of that name, (a) zakaprajAne harAvanAra jeke ujenapati vikramAdityaja agree only about two. The first hate kharo paNa (ba) vikrama saMvata je I. sa. pU. Vikramaditya was he, after whom the pa8thI zarU thayAno manAya che ane jenI neMdha period is demonstrated; the second tamilAnA zilAlekhamAM karavAmAM AvI che. tenI is Raia Bhoia-sAmAnya rIte hiMdaone ekaja Adi to ajhIjha pahelAnA samayanA prAraMbhathI vikramAdityano paricaya che. paNa vidvAnone cAranI gaNavAnI che. (ka) vaLI kadAca te ja sAlamAM ajhIjha jANa che; paraMtu jyAre graMtha tapAsIe chIe tyAre pahele gAdIe beThe haze tethI, tenI yAdagIrImAM A te te nAmanI vyaktio ATha ke navathI ochI sAlathI te saMvatsaranI Adi karavAmAM AvI haze. dekhAtI nathI. A (vikramAditya) nAmanA, cAra vIra [mAruM TIpaNu-prathama najareja, e Azcarya pUrvaka purUSa thayAnuM jeo svIkAre che teo be vize te lAge che ke, zakaprajAne harAvanAra je ujenapati heya ekamata cheja. temAMno pahelo te vikramAditya che, ke tenA nAme saMvatsara cAlu thAya ke ajhIjha pahele, jenA uparathI saMvatanI oLakha thavA pAmI che; jyAre je mAtra mathurA pati ane takSilA patija hate (paNa je bIjo (vikramAditya) te rAjA bhoja che." eTale ke avaMtipati kadI banyA ja nathI) tenA nAme ane tenA A lekhakanA abhiprAya pramANe (a) hiMduprajAne mana smaraNa mATe te saMvatsara zarU thAya? vaLI ajhIjha te ekaja vikramAditya thayela che. (ba) jyAre vidvAno pahelAnuM rAjya jyAre avaMtinA pradezamAM kadApi thayuMja ane paMDite tevA cAra vikramAditya thayAnuM mAne che. nathI tyAre zaka prajAne harAvanAra avaMtipatine (ka) paNa graMthanuM saMzodhana karavAthI to vaLI ATha ane mathurA patine levAdevA paNa zuM hoI zake? temaja ke nava vikramAdityo thayAnuM nIkaLe che. (3) chatAM ajhIjha pahele jyAre avaMtipatija banyo nathI jeo cAra vikramAdityo thayAnuM mAne che, temaNe tyAre tene phALe zaka prajAne harAvyAnuM mAna paNa kema ApelAM temanAM vRttAMte je meLavIe, te A cAramAMthI noMdhI zakAya? A badhA praznone tAtparya eja che ke, A be jaNanI hakIkata ja ThIkaThIka meLa khAtI jaNya che. ajhIjhane paNa, na kahI zakAya zakAri, ke na kahI temane eka, vikrama saMvatane sthApaka vikramAditya pote (28) juo pu..varAvaLanA koThA pIpatathA pa.406 (29) eziA irIsarca . . 5, 157

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prathama paricheda ]. vizenI vicAraNA che, ane bIjo vikramAditya, te je rAjAbhoja tarIke rangini, this happened in A. D. 433. oLakhAya che te che. The Satrunjaya-mahatmya also places [mAruM TIppaNa-A vidvAna mahAzayanuM kathana haju (Wiford Researches A, S. Bengal IX vicArapUrvaka ane bahu ja bArIka avalokanathI tAravI 156 : and Wilso Res. A. s. Beng Xv kADheluM dekhAya che. temaNe nathI koIne khoTA paNa 39 note) the third Vikramaditya in TharAvyA, tema nathI sAcA vikramAdityanI sAla paNa Samvat 466: A. D. 409=saMvata 1093 batAvI, tema nathI bIjI vizeSa oLakha paNa ApI; athavA I. sa. 1036nA udayagirinI guphAnA eka chatAM aneka vikramamAMthI je rAjA vikramabheja tarIke zilAlekhamAM vikramAdityanA rAjyanI sAthe caMdraguptanuM oLakhAI gayo che tenI pUrve keTalAka samaye vikrama nAma joDAeluM mAluma paDe che. rAjataraMgiNimAM paNa saMvatsarane khare sthApaka thaI gayo che; eTaluM evI hakIkata maLe che ke, ujjainInA vikramAditye temanA kathanamAMthI gabhita sUcana nIle che kharUM. kAzmiranI gAdI upara maMtraguptane niyukta karyo hato. uparAMta temaNe ema paNa batAvyuM che, ke kulle rAjataraMgiNinI meM zuddha karelI vaMzAvaLI pramANe A cArathI ATha ane navanI saMkhyAmAM vikramAditya nAma- banAvanI tArIkha I. sa. 433 noMdhI zakAya che. dhArI rAjAo hIMdanA bhUmitaLa upara thaI gayA zatrujya mahAbhyamAM paNa (juo vIleDa kRta e. dekhAya che. temane kayo puruSa saMvatsarane sthApaka se. beMgAlanuM rIsarcIjha pu. 9, 156 : ane vilsana gaNI zakAya te bAbata potAno abhiprAya uccAravAthI kRta e. sa beMgolanuM pu. 15. TI. naM. 39) trIjA cUpa ja rahyA che. kadAca garbhita abhiprAya ema tadana vikramAdityano samaya, saMvata 466 eTale Isa. 409 dharAvatA paNa hoya ke, sarve vikramAdityamAM je prathama batAvAyo che." eTale ke kanIMgahAma sAhebanA mata thayo che te ja saMvatsarano saMcAlaka heya. pramANe (a) udayagiri pahADanI guphAmAM je vi. saM. | vikramAditya nAmanI vyaktio keTalI thaI che 1093ne zilAlekha che ane jemAM vikramAdityanA rAjya ane kyAre thaI che tathA rAjAja paNa keTalA ane keI caMdragupta thaI gayA hovAno ullekha che te (ba) kayAre thayA che te badhu ApaNe A paricachede AgaLa temaja rAjataraMgiNimAM unInA je vikramAditye upara jaNAvavAnuM che. eTale ahIM te ATalethI ja potAnA taraphanA pratinidhi tarIke maMtriguptane kAzmiranI patAvIne AgaLa vadhIzuM.] gAdI upara besAryAnuM varNavyuM che te (ka) temaja je (4) sara kaniMgahAma sAhebane mata 30 ema che vikramAdityanA rAjya amale zatrujyamahAmya nAmanuM ke, A cave inscription at Udayagiri of pustaka racAyuM hatuM teH ema kula maLIne A traNe the samvat year 1093 or A. D. 1036, vikramAditye eka ja vyakti lAge che. kAraNa ke rAjacouples the name of Chandragupta, taraMgiNimAM kAzimaranA zAsanakartAonI je vaMzAvaLI with the kingdom of Vikramaditya. pote zedhI karIne zuddha karI batAvI che, temAM vikramAditye In the Raja Tarangini also it is men- nImela maMtriguptane samaya I. sa. 433ne Apela tioned that Mantrigupta was placed che. tathA te hakIkatane samarthana ApanArI ane svataMtra on the throne of Kashmir by Vikra- sAdhana tarIke gaNI zakAya tevI vastu e che, ke mi maditya of Ujjain. According to my vizva ane mi. vilsana nAmanA be vidvAnoe paNuM corrected chronology of the Raja Ta- zatruMjaya mahAmya nAmanuM pustaka je vikramAdityanA (30) jIo temaNe pite raceluM pustaka nAme bI jillA kepsa pu. 14 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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70 rAjye lakhAtuM hAvAnI nAMdha nIkaLe che temAM tenA racanAkALa che. sa. 409nA khatAvyA che; eTale ke je e vyaktie eka nAmadhArI ane eka samayeja vidyamAna hAya te baMne vyaktie ekaja hAya evA sabhava che. A dalIle vaDe te sAheba, upara varNavelA traNe prasaMgeAnA vikamAdityane ekaja vyakti tarIke mAne che. ane tene samaya I. sa. 409430nI ArApAsane harAve che. zakAri vikramAditya [mArUM TIppaNu-prathama te temaNe je siddhAMta rajI karyA che, ke eka nAmadhArI e vyakti jo ekaja samaye vidyamAna hAya, teA te ekaja vyakti DhAvA sa'bhave che; te siddhAMtaja bhUla khavADanAra che. A upara vizeSa vivecana na karatAM pu. 1, pR. 186nA TIppaNamAM Apela vaMzAvaLI taraphaja vAcakavarganuM dhyAna derIzuM. te jovAthI khAtro thaze ke, bheAjadeva nAmanA e rAjAe ekaja vakhate thayA heAvAthI, itihAsa kArAe ekanA jIvana banAvAne bIjAnA mAnI laIne keTalA badhA goTALA UbhA karI dIdhA che. chatAM temaNe te siddhAMtane nizcayapUrvaka kharA nahi mAnatAM, mAtra sa`bhavita haivAnuM jaNAvyuM che eTale te upara vivAda karavAnuM cheADI daIzuM.have temanI khIjI dalIlA tapAsIe, rAtrujyamahAtmyanI racanAnA samaya ( temanI je traNa dalIlA che te) jema temaNe TAMkI batAvyA che tema i. sa. 409 nathI ja. A khAbatamAM maiM aneka purAvA ApIne sAbita karI ApyuM che? ke te I. sa. 409=vikrama saMvata 466 nathIja. jo ke graMtha kartAe tenA racanAkALa 477 jaNAvela che te AMka (31) jIe, bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatuM mAsika : nAme jaina dharmAM prakAza pu. 43 saMvata 1984, phAlgunanA ' 12 me, pR. 420 thI 424. (32) uparamAM Apela TI. na. 16 nI hakIkata sarakhAvA eTale A bAbatamAM paNa kema ane keTalA ana thavA pAmyA che tenI samajaNa paDI jaze. (33) sAlakI vazanA gUjarezvara kumArapALanA samaye zrI hemaca'drAcA'nuM sthAna je hatuM te sthAna mAlavapati sAjadevanA samaye A dhanezvarasUrijInuM DevAnuM samajavuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat huM aThThama khaMDa vikrama saMvatane lekhIe te i. sa. 419 lekhAya, nahi ke 409) paNa vAstavamAM te te 477nA AMka te vakhate te pradezamAM cAlatA mAlava saMvatane che, nahIM ke vikramasaMvatane;32 ane tenI gaNatrI karatAM tene samaya vi. saM. 1066nI AsapAsamAM Ave che, ke je kALe mAlavapati bhAjarA deva ( jIe pu. 1. pR. 186nI TIkAmAM ApeluM vaMzavRkSa) urpha vikramAdityanuM rAjya pravartI rahyuM hatuM. ane temanA rAjadarabAre zatruMjyamahAtmyanA kartA jainAcArya zrI dhanezvarasUrIjI pote, temanA rAjagurU tarIke vidyamAna hatA. eTale ke A graMthanA racita samaya vi. saM. 1066= sa. 109 nI AsapAsanA che. nahI ke i. sa. 419 ne, ke 409 ne; tevI ja rIte temanI dalIla naM. 2 nI khakhatamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, te sAhebe rAjatara giNinI je vaMzAvaLI zeAdhI karIne maMtriguptane samaya i. sa. 430 nA TharAvyA che,35 temAM te ujainapati vikramAdityane " zakAra vikramAditya ' evuM cokhkhuM upanAma ApIne sodhela che; eTale vikramAditya vizenI bIjI kAI paNa kalpanAne sthAnaja rahetuM nathI. vaLI uparamAM varNavelI naM. 1, 2 ane 3nI dalIlAmAM ApaNe carcA karIne spaSTikaraNa karatAM sAkhita karyuM che ke, zakAra vikramAditya te bIjo kAI nahi, paNa gabhIlavaMzI vikramAdityaja che. eTale sarakaniMgahAma sAhebanI traNa dalIleAmAMnI chellI khe, A pramANe bhulI paDI jAya che. ane prathamanI je dalIla che temAM te mAtra caMdragupta nAmanI vyakti, vikramAditya rAjye thaI hatI eTaluMja batAvyuM che. rahe che. (34) AsapAsa zabda eTalA mATe lakhavA paDayA cheke, mAlava saMvatanI Adi kayAre thavA pAmI che tenA niya hajI barAbara karI rAkAyA nathI. ( nrue AgaLa upara Aja khaDe tenuM varNana.) (35) A maMtrigupta vize uparamAM pU. 40-4aa jue. tyAM tenA samaya I. sa. pU. 57 thI 97 sudhInA zanyA che; tathA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa pR. 71 upara dalIla na', pamAM ke te juo. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] paNa te caMdragupta rAjA hatA ke kAi sAmAnya-sAdhAraNa purUSa hatA, temaja te baMnene, eTale ke vikramAdityane ane caMdraguptane kAMI sabaMdha hatA ke kema, te viSe jarApaNa prakAza pADayA nathI. eTale te dalIla upara bahu meATA madAra bAMdhIne AgaLa vadhavuM salAhakAraka lAgatuM nathI. ] vizenI vicAraNA (5) mi. theAmasa nAmanA vidvAna lakhe he36 ke - As there were many Vikramadityas; so probably there were many Sakaris, Every frontier encounter with the Scythians, which did not result in absolute defeat of the Indian forces, would under the usual terms of oriental hyperbole, entitle the local monarch to the honorary appellation of "Foe of the Scythians; and whatever may have been the real effect of the vaunted success of Vikramadityas' arms against the Sakas-now conclusiApaNe vely dated in A. D.78-jema vikramAditya aneka che tema zAkira paNa aneka hAvA saMbhava che.77 zaka le sAthenI dareka sarahadI laDAi, ke jemAM hiMdI lazkaranI saMpUrNa hAra thaI nathI heAtI, temAM sthAnika rAjavIne, paurvAtya atizyoktinI haMmezanI sAmAnyapaddhati pramANe 'zakAri'nuM mAnavaMtu birUdaja lagADavAmAM Ave che.---- ane zaka sAmenI laDAI, je have nakkIpaNe i. sa. 78 mAM banyAnuM gaNAya che, temAM vikramAdityanA lazka ranI bhapakA bharelI kuMtehanuM game te pariNAma AveluM gaNAya, tAye...vaLI teja lekhaka anya ThekANe peAtAnA (36) ja. ra. e. e. pu. 12. 'pR. 14. (37) ghaNA vikramAditya thai gayA che te krayana satya che. paNa zAkara ghaNA thai gayA che te satya nathI lAgatuM. te mATe temaNe je purAvA raju karyA heta te vicAravAnuM hIka sAdhana maLata, bAkI itihAsamAM hajI sudhI eka ja zakAra vikramAditya noMdhAyA hoya ema jaNAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 1 vicAra jaNAvatAM lakhe che ke--The Raja Ta rangini, the only Sanskrit Indian history extant, though avowedly local in its purpose, gives promise-could we rely on its chronology-of unexpect ed illustration of the present subject of inquiry, in as much as, it notices a Vikramaditya of Ujjain, specified particularly as Emperor of India, who nominated Mantrigupta to the throne of Kashmir, moreover to extend the coincidences, this Vikramaditya is cited as having previously expelled the Mlechhas and destroyed the Sakas= rAjataraMgiNi, je eka ja saMskRta hiMdI ItihAsanuM bacata pustaka che ane jene Azaya cAkhkhI rIte sthAnika (varNana karavAnA) che-temAM varNavelA banAva ne vizvAsanIya lekhI zakAtA hAya tA--jenI tapAsa karI rahyA chIe, te prastuta viSayanA eka aNudhAryAja-alakSita dRSTAMta Ape che; kemake temAM ujainInA eka vikramAditya, jene khAsa karIne hiMdanA zahenazAha tarIke eALakhAvyA che teNe kAzmiranI gAdIe maMtriguptane nImyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. vaLI tene vizeSa sammati-samarthana-ApatAM jaNAve che ke te vikramAditye agAu mlecchone hAMkI kADhayA hatA ane zakanA kaccaraghANa vALI nAMkhyA hatA. " A AkhAye lekha lagabhaga 90 varSanA prAcIna che. temaja te lakhAyA pachI keTalIye zeAdhakhALa thaine temanA vicArAmAM sudhArA vadhArA thaI gayA che. eTale vikramAditya keTalA thayA che te sarve ApaNe A paricchedramAM AgaLa upara carcAvAnA chIe tyAMthI joI levuM. (38) ja. ra. e. sA. pu. 12. pR. 13. (39) juo His des. Roi's du Kachmir II vIlsana ( Troyer ) ezi rIsa pu. 38. 76 15, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaDa te upara vizeSa carcA na karatAM je muddAo ApaNane mukAme paradezI zake ne vikramAditya zAlivAhane harAvyA upayogI che, paNa haju sudhI chapAyA vinA athavA hatA ane zAlivAhana zakAda nAme pitAne saMvatsara asparyAja paDI rahyA che, tenA upara ja mAtra ApaNe sthApyo hato. eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke (a) vivecana karIzuM. temanuM kahevuM ema che ke vikramAditya aneka zAlivAhana vikramAditya nAme eka rAjA thaI gayo thaI gayA che ane zakAri paNa ghaNuM thaI gayA che; che (ba) teNe zakaprajAne kArUra mukAme harAvI hatI; ke te vize temaNe koI purAvo ke AdhAra TAMka (ka) teNe te prasaMganI yAdagIrImAM pitAnA nAme nathI. eTale te vize ApaNe kAMI paNa carcA-vivAda- zAlivAhana zakAbda calAvyo hato tathA (3) daMtakaravA jevI sthitimAM nathI jatethI te muddo choDI kathAo A pramANe bhArapUrvaka khAtrI ApatI jaNAI daIzuM paNa eTaluM tAtparya te temanA lekhamAMthI che ema te kahe che. nIkaLI zake ja che, ke saMvatsarane sthApaka je vikramAditya [ mAruM TIpaNuM-AmAM be traNa bAbatanuM mizraNa che te "zakAri te hatA ja; temaja bIjo muddo e paNa karI naMkhAyuM che. lekhaka mahAzaya pite vikrama saMvata nIkaLe che ke, teo rAjataraMgiNinA pustakanI hakIkata mATe vivecana kare che ke zakasaMvata mATe te spaSTa thatuM te mAne che ja, paNa temAM ApelI sAla mATe temane nathI. kAraNa ke pite "zakAda" zabda cAkhe vizvAsa besatuM nathI. ane trIjo muddo e che ke, lakhe che, jyAre kArUnI laDAIne havAlo Ape che te ujainIne nRpati hatA tema hiMdane zahenazAha paNa te te vikrama saMvatanA sthApakane lagate che. chatAM hatuM ane maMtriguptane pAThavanAra paNa te pote ja hate. ApaNe te nyAya taLavA mATe banne saMvatsarane A sarva mudAo uparamAM carcAI gayelI naM. 4 nI vicAra kare ja rahe che. dalIlamAM batAvyA pramANe gardabhIla vikramAdityane ja je "zakAbdI uparaja temanI dalIla kaMkita thatI lAgu paDe che. eTale naM. 4 ane ne. panI dalIlomAM hoya che, eTalI vAta te ApaNe jarUra svIkAravI ja ekaja vikramAditya mATe lakhAyuM che, ema samajI levuM. rahe che ke, koI zAlivAhanavaMzanA rAjAe zakanAmane (6) eka anya lekhake, vaLI juduja anumAna saMvatsara pravartAvyo che ja. ane teNe zaka prajAne harAvI uThAvIne ema dalIla karI che ke, Traditions paNa che.41 chatAM zuM te uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke tenuM are strong in asserting that Vikram- nAmaja zAlivAhana vikramAditya hatuM? te temaNe aditya Salivahan defeated the alien spaSTapaNe sAbita karI batAvyuM te nathI jatema Sakas near Karur and established zAlivAhanavaMzanI vaMzAvaLI (pahelethI chelle sudhI his era, Salivahan Sahabda=daMtakathAmAM lagabhaga chatrIsa rAjAo thayA che temAM) AkhIye - khAtrIpUrvaka ane bhAra daIne jaNAvAyuM che ke, kArUra tapAsI jatAM kAInuM nAma vikramAditya heya ema (40) ja. A. hI. pI. se 5. 2. bhAga 1 pR. 15. jene hAlamAM maMdasara kahevAya che, te sthAnane kAraNe (41) vizeSa abhyAsane pariNAme A kathanamAM sudhAro tarIke oLakhAve che. A maMdasera vartamAnanA ratalAma zahera karavo paDaze tema lAgyuM che. juo zatavahana vaMzanA varNana. pAse AveluM che; eTale ke avaMtinI uttaramAM. paNa mArI (42) A gautamIputranuM birUda vikramAditya je jeDAyuM mAnyatA evI che ke, kArUra zahera te avaMtithI dakSiNa che te tene rAjyakALe thayela kavi guNADhaye, potAnA rAjAnA dezamAM javAnA rastA upara, kayAM AveluM hovuM joIe, nahI zurAtananuM varNana karavA mATe ane tenI pUrvanA vikramAdityanI ke avaMtinI uttaramAM; (jema maMdiranuM sthAna hAla batAvAya oLakha karAvavA mATe vAparela che (Ao temanAM jIvana che tema)-A bhedane khulAso paNa ApaNune AgaLa jatA catrei pu. 5). samajAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] jaNAtuM nathI. alabatta amarakAzakAranA varNana uparathI samajAya che ke temAMnA hAlanAme rAjAnuM khIjAM nAma vikramAditya hAvA saMbhava che kharUM (jIe uparamAM TI. naM. 20 ) jyAre zaka prajAne harAvanAranuM nAma tA rANIkhaLazrInA nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM teNInA pautra gautamIputra zAtakaraNInuM jaNAvAyuM che. A pramANe cAre taraph aceAsatAnuM tattva patharAyeluM najare paDe che. vaLI temaNe kArUra mukAme yuddha thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che. A kArUra zaheranuM sthAna haju kAI rIte cokkasa thayuM nathI. paNa ghaNA kharA vidvAnenI ema mAnyatA che ke, te hAlanA mALavA prAMtamAM Avela hevuM joIe.43 jyAre itihAsathI ApaNe jANIe chIe ke te samaye mALavA prAMta, nahAtA zakaprajAnI sattAmAM, ke nahAtA gautamIputra zAtakaraNInI sattAmAM; paNa ava'tipati ga bhIlavaMzI bhUpatieAnI mAlikImAM te bhUmi hatI. tA zuM zakaprajAnuM ane gautamIputranI vaccenuM A DhArUravALuM yuddha, kAI trIjA bhUpatie peAtAnI bhUmi upara laDavA dIdhuM hatuM ema mAnI levuM kaiM? tevI mAnyatA te| yuddhanA sAdhAraNa niyamanI virUddhuja jAya tema che;44 kemake yuddha haMmezAM be pakSakAramAMthI ekanI bhUmi uparaja laDavAmAM AvI zake. vaLI dhArA ke A kArUra zahera, jema vinsenTa smithanuM mAnavuM thayuM che tema, dakSiNa hiMdamAM Avela kAcIna rAjyanuM prAcIna samaye rAjadhAnInuM zahera hatuM tA tyAM paNa pAchA, upara pramANeja vAMdhA AvIne * ubheA rahe che; kemake AMdhrapati zAtavAhanava'zanI sattA vizenI vicAraNA (43) vartamAnakALe yuropanuM mahAyuddha (Isa. 1914thI 18 sudhInuM) khelajIgmamanI bhUmi upara laDAtuM hatuM. je bhUmi, be pakSe laDanAra ekapaNa prajAnI nahetI ane tethI tene yuddhanA niyama virUddhanI gaNAtI hatI. kAraNake trIjA pakSanI prajA je taddana nirdoSa heAya ane jene laDAinI hAra chatamAM krAMIja svArtha nathI. te prazna zA mATe yuddhanA okhamamAM pAtAne utAre? (44) jIe aze! (vinseTa smitha kRta) pR. 157. rI. 5 temAM lakhyuM che ke-The ancient capital (of 10 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 73 kAI kALe, tuMgabhadrA nadInI dakSiNe ke tenI pelI pAra ane hAlanA maisura rAjyanI uttara sImA sudhI pazu paheAMcIja nathI, tema zaka prajAnuM rAjya paNa narmadA nadInA dakSiNa kAMThAthI, ane bahu bahutaeN nAsika jIllAmAM gAdAvarI nadInA mULathI, dakSiNa dizA tarapha laMbAyuM ja nathI. te pachI banne pakSakAranA rAjyanI hadanuM jyAM svapnuM paNa Ave tema nathI te jagyAe yuddha thayAnuM zI rIte saMbhavI zake ? jyAre kharI rIte te A gautamIputra ane zaka prajA vaccenI laDAi saiArASTra prAMtamAMja5 thaI che. A pramANe zAlivAhana rAjAnI mAnyatA ane kArUranI laDAImAM tenuM joDANa, te banne hakIkatAnuM asaMbhavitapaNuM siddha thAya che. vaLI jo zAtavAhanavaMzI rAjA hAlane, vikrama saMva tanA sthApaka tarIke lekhavA mAMgatA hai|, te khIjI muzkelI e Ave che ke, prathama tA tenuM rAjya che. sa. pU. 57 mAM hatuM ja nahIM. tenA rAjyanA prAraMbhaja i. sa. pU. 57 pachI lagabhaga dazeka varSe thavA pAmyA che.46 chatAMye ne vikramAdityane kAranI laDAImAM yuddha karanAra ane zaka prajAne harAvanAra tarIke gaNI, zaka saMvatsarane sthAne vikrama saMvatsaranA sthApaka gaNavA, ema jo lekhaka mahAzayanA kathananA hetu hAya tA uparanI dalIla naM. 1, 2, 3mAM ApaNe puravAra karI gayA chIe te pramANe ahIM paNa teja gabhIlavaMzI vikramAdityane zakAri tarIke lekhavA paDaze. (7) anya vidvAna vaLI peAtAnI mAnyatA nIce pramANe jaNAve cheY=%0--"He was called Keralputa) was Vanji, Vanchi or Karur (TirurKarur) about 28 miles E. N. E. of Kochin= keralaputranI prAcIna rAjadhAnI vajI, vaheMcI athavA rUra hatuM: jene hAla tirUra-kArUra kahevAya che ane prAcInathI IzAna khUNe lagabhaga 28 mAIla upara Avela che. (45) jIe pu. 3 mAM rUSabhadatta zAhIva`zanA rAjyAdhikAranuM vRttAMta. (46) jIe zatavahana vaMzanI vaMzAvaLI pu. 5 muM. (47) De'jha enzanTa jIegrApI epha inDiyA rR. 59, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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74 zakAra vikramAditya who Vikramaditya II the Great, founded Samvat era A. D. 515 to 550, who revived Hinduism and introduced Shiva-puja=tene vikramAditya bIje (mahAna) kahevAtA hatA, teNe I. sa. 515-550 sudhImAM saMvatanI sthApanA karI che, vaLI teNe hiMdu dharmane punarUddhAra karIne zivapUjA dAkhala karI che." eTale ke temanI gaNatrI ema che ke (a) A purUMSane vikramAditya khIjA tarIke saMmAdhavAmAM Ave che. (ba) tene' samaya I. sa. 515 thI 550 teA gaNAya che ane (ka) teNeja hiMdu dharmanA udghAra karIne zivapUjA dAkhala karI mahimA vadhAryo che. [ mAruM TIpaNu--prathama te| A rAjA kayA vaMzanA hatA tathA kayA pradezanA bhUpati hatA vigerlR kAI prakAranuM temaNe vivecana ja karyuM nathI. eTale tene patto lagAvavAja bhAre che. mAtra sAla uparathI je tenI kheALa kADhavI te te| . ghUmADAmAM bAcakA bharavA jevuM gaNAya. eTale te vize prayatna karavAnuM ApaNe cheDI devuM ja rahe che. paraMtu eka vAta yAda Ave che ke, kadAca lekhaka mahAzayanA IrAdo, mihirakuLa ane tAramANunI sAthe je yuddha mALavAnA rAjapUtane thayela che, te saMbaMdhI prasAra karavAne hoya te te mata paNa keTalA khATA che, te ApaNe nIcenI dalIla naM. 8 mAM batAvavAnuM che eTale tyAMthI joI levA vinaMti che. (8) eka lekhaka mahAzaya jaNAve che 348 mAlavati yazeAdharmAe kArUra mukAme i. sa. 544mAM mihirakulane harAvyAnI vAta haiM|. haeNArnele ane DA. kIlaGAne karI che. paNa te vAtanA inkAra rA. kha. vaidya mahAzaye karyo che. kAraNa ke uparanA banne vidyAnAe mi. aljharUnInA kahevAneAja AdhAra lIdhA che. vaLI te upara vicAra karatAM te kArUranuM yuddha aa i. sa. 544nI pahelAM dhaNA varSe thaI gayuM che ema (48) jIe, bhAratakA prAcIna rAjavaMza pu. 2 pR. xthI AgaLanAM pUcho. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ ama kheDa vNAve che. eTale lekhaka mahAzayanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke (a) abhanInA kahevAthI DaoN. dArnela ane DaoN. kIGArnanI mAnyatA ema thaI che ke, kArUra mukAme yuddha i. sa. pa44mAM thayuM che. A yuddhamAM eka pakSe mALavAnAM rAjapUtA hatA ane sAmApakSe mihira kuLa tathA teAramANunI jAtavALA hatA. (kha) paNu rA. kha. vaidya sAhebanI mAnyatA pramANe mi. akSmarUnInuM kathana barAbara nathI lAgatuM. (ka) tathA A banne muddA upara vicAra karIne peAtAnuM maMtavya rA. kha. vaidya tarapha DhaLatuM heAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che. [TIppaNa-prathama tA mi. albernInA samayaja I. sa. nI bAramI sadIne che. eTale ke kArUranI laDAi (jo I. sa. 544mAM thayAnuM te kabUlIe te) thayA bAda cha ane ( ne tene i. sa. pU. pAM thayAnuM gaNIe te) khAra sadInA samaya tene kahevAya. vAmi. alberUnInA lakhavAnA sarvAM AdhAra paNa kevaLa daMtakathAo ane tevAja anya khIna vizvasanIya sAdhana upara racAyalA che, ema tenAM pustakAnAM vAMcanathI khulluM dekhAI Ave che. eTale paNa rA. kha. vaidya mahAzayanuM maMtavya sAcA jevuM gaNI zakAya. vaLI mi. balbarUnInA maMtavya sAme paDakAra jhIlanAra, amarakAzakAra jevI49 samAnya thayela sattAne che. tema amarakAzakAra, eka hiMdI hAvA upadAMta hiMdu paNa che eTale hiMdu vanA tathA hiMdane hatI hakIkatA, te jeTalA jANakAra hAI zake teTale| mi. alberUnI jevA eka ahiMdu naja heAI zake. vaLI mi. albarnI karatAM amarakoSakAranI ke kAi paNa kASakAranI, ekaThI karelI hakIkatamAMthI kharI vastu cALI kADhavAno ane pachI tenuM pRthakkaraNa karI nihALI jevAnI zakti, paNa vizeSa aMze khIlelI hAya ema gaNI zakAya che. eTale paNa amarakASakAranuM vacana vadhAre vizvasanIya dekhAya che. bIjuM, kArUranI chata meLavanArane te, zakAra vikramAditya kahevAya che, jyAre (49) amarakoSamAMja vikramAdityane zakAra kahIne sakhASAyA che. (juo uparamAM TI. naM. 27. ) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] mihirakula ane tAramANune te| zakAtinA nahIM paNa dUSNu jAtinA gaNAvAyA che, eTale temanA harAvanArane zArkara na kahetAM ri kahI zakAya. vaLI ghRNu prajAnuM nivAsasthAna, himAlayanI uttare tibeTanA pradezamAM, athavA tenAthI paNa bahu cheTe ane uttare eziyAI turkastAnamAM gaNAya che, jyAre zaka prajAnuM nivAsasthAna balucistAna, agAnistAna ane IrAnanI sarahadA jyAM saMlagna thAya che tyAM Avela zakastAna nAmavALA pradezamAM AveluM che. eTale ke kUNa prajA ane zaka prazna koI rIte ekaja prajA tarIke mAnI levAya tema paNa nathI. A pramANe sa vastusthiti eka bIjAthI dhaNe darajje bhinna bhinna che. matalaba ke sa` hakIkata jotAM, kArUranuM yuddha amarakoSakAranA kahevA pramANe I. sa. 544 pahelAM ghaNAM varSo pUrve, eTale . sa. pU. 57 mAM je dhAravAmAM AvyuM che temaja banyuM hAvuM joie. ane te yuddhamAM atipati gaI bhIlavaMzI vikramAdityane ja hAtha hAvA joie. vizenI vicAraNA (9) vaLI prakhyAta vidvAna mi. kgyusananI mAnyatA evI che 350: "Hienn Tshang is generally so careless about his dates -Shree Harsha Vikramaditya Sakari lived and defeated the Sakas at the battle of Karur in the first half of the sixth century of our era, and the Hindus for the sake of adjusting their eras, placed these events in the first century before Christ=mi. hyuena zAMga sAmAnya rIte tArIkha darzanamAM bahu khedarakAra dekhAya che; kemake, zakAri vikramAditya zrI harSavardhana je ApaNA saMvatanI chaThThI sadInA pUrvAhamAM thaI gayA che ane kAranA yuddhamAM jeNe zakrAne parAjaya pamADayeA che; temaja je hiMduee mAtra potAnA saMvatsarano tArIkheA baMdhabesatI karavAne A banAvane i. sa. (50) ja, ki. e. sA. ceTabrITana enDa AyalA pu. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 75 pU. nI pahelI sadImAM banyAnuM gAThavI kADhayuM che. I. I." eTale ke temanA mate (a) mi. hyuena zAMge hakIkatAnI tArIkheA nAMdhavAmAM bahu khedarakArI vAparI che. (kha) zrI harSavardhana samrATa ke jenuM bIjuM nAma vikramAditya hatuM teja zarkara che ane kArUranA yuddhamAM teNeja vijaya prApta karyAM che. (ka) vaLI A yuddha I. sa. nI chaThThI zatAbdinA pUrvAddhamAM thayuM che temaja (ka) hiMdu prajAe A banAvane peAtAnI vRtti saMtApavAnI khAtara i. sa. nI chaThThI zatAbdine badale I.sa. pU. nI pahelI zatAbdimAM te anyAno gaNAvI kADhayeA che. I. I. [ TIppaNa-- alabatta vidvAna saMzAdhaka tarapha saMpUrNa mAna dharAvatAM chatAM paNa kahevuM paDe che ke, bIjA upara TIkA karavI te jeTaluM saheluM che tenA karatAM te sAbita karavuM te vizeSa kaThina kArya che. peAte TIkA karavA bahAra teA paDayA che paNa pAte vicAra karyo che ke (1) zrI harSavardhananuM nAma te zilAditya hatuM ke vikramAditya hatuM ? (2) ane zrI harSane samaya te te I. sa. 634 eTale isvInI sAtamI sadIne pUrvAddha che ke temanA kathana pramANe chaThThI sadInA pUrvAhanA che? (3) zuM hiMdu prajA evI ajJAna ane ajANa hatI ke eka hakIkatane sAtasA sAtase varSa jeTalI AgaLa pAchaLa hAMkI lai jAya ane aitihAsika tattvA jevI jIvatI jAgatI ane nakkara satya siddha thayela vastune nAnA bALakanAM ramakaDAM jevI vastu TharAvI, svecchApUrvaka Amane tema gabaDAvye ja jAya ? (4) vaLI zaka prajA ja jyAM te samaye ( 4. sa. nI chaThThI ke sAtamI sadI, game te dhyeA ) asti tvamAM nahAtI tyAM pachI zAri nAma ja zI rIte upasthita karI zakAya ? koI paNa itihAsakAre zrI harSavardhanane zakAra upanAma lagADayuM heAya ema hajI sudhI te jAyuM nathI ja; chatAM jaNAvyuM hoya te te tene AdhAra TAMkavA joItA hatA, athavA peAtAnI ekalAnIja te mAnyatA thatI hAta tA 12. 1. 279, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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76 zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa vigatothI ane dalIlethI te puravAra karI batAvavuM nInA vikramAditye A (vikrama) saMvata sthApyo che hatuM. paNa tema karavAne badale pitAnI kalpanAmAM evI daMtakathA cAle paNa che chatAM A zilAlekha satya jema Ave tema goLA gabaDAbe javA te itihAsanuM havA saMbhava che. vaLI A saMvatanI sthApanAnuM mULa caNatara caNavAmAM te jarA paNa Ucita nahIMja game te kare, toye bIjI vastusthiti vicAratAM ajhIjha gaNAya. (5) vaLI hyue-zAMga je (bIjI bAba- pahelAno samaya te A kALe TharAvavAnuM vyAjabI temAM-tenA dharmanI mahatvatA gAvAmAM-kadAca ati- gaNAya che. eTale lekhaka mahAzayanA kahevAne bhAvArtha cokti kare te mAnI zakAya, paNa AmAM te kAMI e che ke, (a) je vikrama saMvatano I. sa. pU. 58nI tene svArtha jevuM paNa nathI tethI), taTastha purUSa AdimAM prAraMbha thayo che tene pravartaka bAdazAha pitAnA ja samayanI banela hakIkatanI tArIkhamAM ajhIjha pahelo hate (ba) vaLI takSitAmAMthI je pheraphAra kare che ema kAMI paNa purAvo TAMkyA sivAya zilAlekha sara jona mArzala sAhebane maLI Avyo che jAhera karavuM te zuM zobhAspada che? game tema che, te temanA matatya pramANe ajhIjhanA saMvatanA 136nA paNa pharagyusana sAhebanA kathananI satyatA vize AMkano che. (ka) tathA zakAri vikramAdityane te ApaNuM manamAM ThIka chApa paDatI nathI ja. saMvata bhale gaNAte Ave che, chatAM badhI hakIkatanuM (10) vaLI eka pramANabhUta gaNAtA pustakamAM nirIkSaNa karatAM, tenI sAthe ajhIjha pahelAnA samaya lakheluM che ke -"To Aziz I has been barAbara maLato Ave che kharo. attributed the foundation of Vikrama [ TIppaNa-(1) prathama te ajhIjha pahelA ane Era, beginning in B. C. 58 and vikamAditya te banne samakAlina ja nathI. hA, haju eTaluM according to Sir John Marshall, an banavA yogya che ke, ajhIjha pahelAnuM maraNa jyAre inscription discovered by him at thayuM che tyAre, ke tyAra pahelA athavA te pachI thoDA Taxilla is actually dated in the year varSe vikramAditya gAdIe Avyo che. eTale ke 136 of Aziz. This inscription may well ajhIjhanA maraNa samaye vikramAdityanI haiyAtI te be correct, in spite of the tradition A pRthvI upara thaI cUkI hatI, paNa rAjApade vibhUthat this era was founded by king Sita thayA hoya vA na paNa thayo hoya. eTale daraje. Vikramaditya of Ujjain to commemo- bane samasamI kahI zakAya. bAkI to ekanuM maraNa rate the defeat of the Sakas, and a 24a eflon for 242H1HISLERY y el whatever may have been the origin che ema banavA pAmyuM che. te pachI zuM I. sa. pU. 58 mAM of this era, the assignment of Aziz I ajhIjhanuM maraNa thayuM che tenI yAdagIrImAM teNe pitAnA to this period is justified by other saMvatanI sthApanA karI haze ema mAnavuM? (2) prazna considerations=I. sa. pU. 58mAM zarU tha e thAya che ke ajhIjhane ane vikramAdityane arasavikrama saMvata, ajhIjha pahelAe sthApyAnuM kahevAyuM che parasa eTaluM badhuM zuM lAgatuM vaLagatuM hatuM, ke heta tathA tazilAne je zilAlekha sara jaoNna mAla sAhebe ubharAI jatuM hatuM, ke ajhIjha jevA zahenazAha uThIne zodhI kADhayo che te ajhIjhanA (eTale ajhIjha vikramAdityanA nAmane saMvata calAve? ane temAM paNa saMvatanA) 136mA varSamAM lakhAya che ema pitAnuM khUbI e che ke, je banAva bhaviSyamAM banavAne che kathana che. zaka lekAnA parAjayanI yAdagIrImAM uche. (kAraNake ajhIjhanA maraNa bAda ja vikramAditya (pa) ke, hi. iM. 1, pR. 57.

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prathama pariccheda ] vizenI vicAraNuM 77 gAdie Avyo chetenA upara te gaNatrI kevI rIte vALA praznomAM lagabhaga samAviSTa thaI jAya che, eTale karI zake ? vaLI te bane nathI eka nAta jAtanA vizeSa vistAra thaI javAnA bhayathI ApaNe AgaLa ke nathI benI vacce koI jAtanI mitrAcArI ke cAlIzuM. uparanA muddAonI chaNAvaTa karIne je sAra bhAIbaMdhI, ke te teno saMvata calAvavAne prerAya. (3) ApaNe tAravI zakayA chIe te saMkSiptamAM A pramANe temaja 136nA AMkane je ajhIjhane gaNave che che. (1) vikrama saMvatsarane sthApaka tenA nAma pramANe te mATe AdhAra zuM che ? chatAMye te 136no AMka vikramAditya ja hatuM ane hovo joIe (2) temaja ajhIjhane ja che ema sAbita thatuM hoya te tene teNe kArUra mukAme zaka prajAne harAvIne zakAri nAmanuM artha e thayo ke takSilA zilAlekha jyAre ajhIjhe birUda prApta karyuM hatuM (joka kArUranuM sthAna nakkI karI kAtarAvyuM tyAre kAIka e saMvata cAlato hato zakAyuM nathI). bAkI vikramAdityanA nAmavALI aneka ke jeno Azraya levAnuM ajhIjhe munAsiba dhAryuM hatuM; vyaktio thaI gaI che. temAMthI kone zakAri tarIke ane te samaye te saMvatanuM 136 muM varSa cAlatuM hatuM. oLakhAvI zakAya te prazna ja sarvane muMjhavanAre thaI te uparathI te ulaTuM ema siddha thayuM, ke te 136nA paDyo che. eTale kayA vikramAdityane zakAri kahI zakAya AMkavALo saMvata, na Tharyo ajhIjhane ke na karyo te rahasya jo samajI javAya te pachI pAka nirNaya vikramAdityano; paNa ajhIjha gAdIe Avyo te pahelAM upara AvavAne jarApaNa zaMkA ke bhrAMtinuM sthAna rahe Azare savAso varSa upara thaI gayela koI anya nahIM. teTalA mATe vikramAditya nAma dharAvanArA keTalA parAkramazIla vyaktie tenI sthApanA karI hovI joIe; rAjAo thayA ane teo dareka kayAre thaI gayA, tema vaLI te 136no AMka ajhIjhanA pitAnA rAjyano tene eka kaThe je vAMcaka mahAzayanI samakSa dharavAmAM hovAnuM paNa saMbhavita nathI kemake tevaDuM moTuM dIrdhakAlIna Ave, to ApaNuM kArya ghaNuM sughaTa ane saraLa thaI rAjya ke AyuSya koI bhogavI zakatuM nathI. matalaba ke jAya ema mAruM dhAravuM thAya che. eTale tevo prayatna A sarva dalIla ane carcAothI ema siddha thAya che. have AdarUM chuM. ke I. sa. pU. 57nI sAlamAM je saMvatsaranI Adi thaI mi. prinsesanA kahevA pramANe vikrama saMvatane che tene ane pArjiana zahenazAha ajhIjha pahelAne, pracAra-pradeza, mukhyatve uttara hiMdamAMja che. temane kaI rIte koI saMbaMdha ja nathI. (A ajhIjha pahelA vicAra temaNe A zabdomAM vyakta karyo che: "The vizenI keTalIka hakIkata upara naM. 2 nI dalIlamAM era of Vikramaditya is in general use ApaNe vicArI gayA chIe te tyAMthI joI levI). throughout Telengana and Hindustan A pramANe bhinna bhinna vidvAnonA temaja bhinna properly so called, it is less used bhiga muddA upasthita karatA praznovALA daza abhi- although known in Bengal, Tirhut and prAyone lagatI carcA ApaNe uparamAM karI gayA Nepal, and according to Warren, is chIe. te uparAMta haju aneka mate TAMkI zakAya nearly unknown in the Peninsula tema che. paraMtu temAMnA sarve muddAo, uparanI carcA vikramAdityane sevata telaMgaNamAM ja temaja kharI (pa) kharI rIte takSazilAnA zilAlekhamAM AMka to 79 karI cUkayA chIe te joI levI. naja che: paNa te AMka I sa. pU. 57nA koI saMvata- (5) jIo prInsesa sAhebanuM raceluM inDiyana sarano TharAvIne 57+79=36 hovAnuM temaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM enTIvITIjha enDa yusakula Tebalsa nAmanuM pustaka pR. 157 che. matalaba ke zilAlekhamAM 130ne AMka ja nathI. A (54) AmAM koI telagaNa deza vize kahevA mAMge che paNa nA AMka vizenI carcA pR. 3mAM pR. 240 upara ApaNe te spaSTa nathI: saMbhava che ke jene hAla ApaNe telaMga

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaDa rIte oLakhAtA hiMdustAna bharamAM, sAmAnya rIte sadhIne 15 samaya tapAsI laIzuM. kemake "vikramasaMvata" pracalita che. beMgAla, tirahuTa ane nepAlamAM te lakhela e pahelA zilAlekha vi. saM. 811= I. jANIto che paNa bahu vaparAzamAM nathI. ane mi. sa. 75456, ane vi. saM. 826= I.sa.769mAM paNa vairinanA kahevA pramANe (hiMdanA) dvIpakalpamAM te te ke vi. saM. 897 = I. sa. 840mAM paTakAtarAyala lagabhaga aparicita ja che." A sthiti ane saMge adyApi paryata maLI Avela che. jo ke kAThiyAvADavicAratAM, vikrama saMvatanA sthApakane uttara hiMdamAM thayela mAMthI maLI Avela eka lekhamAM 59 I. sa. 738= bhUpationI hAramALAmAMnA eka tarIke ja ApaNe 794 nI sAla vikrama saMvatamAM lakhela che. paNa tenAM lekha rahe che. chatAMye dakSiNa hiMdanA rAjavIomAM tithi, vAra, nakSatra barAbara maLatAM nathI AvatAM paNa je kAI vikramAditya nAmadhArI rAjAo thaI eTale tene sapramANa kahI zakAya nahIM. gayA jaNAyA che temanAM nAme paNa tapAsI joIzuM. upara pramANe tapAsavA yogya (ApaNe TharAvelA jethI zaMkAne kiMcid aMza paNa ApaNA hadayamAM eka hajAra varSanA gALAmAM I. sa. pU 1 thI pAchaLathI rahI jAya nahI, ke kayo zakAri rAjA vikrama- I. sa. 900 sudhInA) je rAjAo uttara hiMdamAM ditya hoI zake? tema vaLI je savAla ubho thayo che thaI gayA che temAM keTalAka hiMdI olAdanA che ne te I. sa. pU. 57thI AraMbhIne bahumAM bahuta I. sa. keTalAka ahiMdInA paNa che. jyAre ApaNe te ahIM 650 sudhInA sAtaso varSanA gALAmAM thayela vikramA, vikramAdityanA nAmanI sAthe ja levA devAnuM che. eTale ditya nAmanA rAjAonI vaccene nirNaya karI levA ahiMdI olAdanA rAjAonAM nAme alagaja mATeno ja che; nahIM ke te pachInA samayanA; chatAM vaLI pADI daIzuM. pachI je bAkI rahyA te A pramANe che. keInA manamAM zaMkA na rahI jAya, mATe I. sa. 900 avaMtipatine eka gardabhIlavaMza, bIje guptavaMza, ane bhASA bolatA deza tarIke oLakhAvI rahyA chIe te ja haze; early as 826; Arch. Dep Vol. Il p. 266; thor kemake A vAkayanuM uttarA je che temAM sApha jaNAvyuM che ugh somewhat inconsistently he says in ke dIpakapamAM to tenuM nAma taddana ajAyuM che ane the same volume that the earlist inscription dIpaka5 eTale dakSiNahiMda. temAM ja upara telaMgu deza he news dated in the Vikram Era is 811 vartamAnakALe ApaNe mAnya che. chatAM, te vAkaya mi. vArananuM or A. D. 754 (Arch. Dept I p. 68)=IsavInA che ane te tenAthI ja mata dharAve che ema je temane agiyAramA saikAnI pahelAMne ane jemAM vikrama saMvata vaparAya heluM thatuM hoya, te telaMgaNune dakSiNa hiMdamAM ja samAveza hoya te kaI zilAlekha temanI jANamAM nathI ja. sara karavo paDaze, nigahAma paNa teja hada Ake che. temanuM kahevuM te ema (55) vaLI vimAditya evuM nAma pADavAnI prathA thAya che ke (A. DI. pu. 2 5. 266) I. sa. 826 nI musalamAna rAjya hiMdamAM sthApita thayA pachI-khAsa karIne pUrve vikrama saMvata vaparAtuM ja nathI. chatAM te kathananI uttarahiMdamAM nAbuda thai gaI lAge che (sarakhAva vimAdiya virUddha jaIne teja pustakamAM pAchuM pate jaNAve che zarinA cAritramAMnI hakIkata.) (A. DI. pu. 2, pR. 18) vikrama saMvatamAM lakhela ha. (pa) AkalAikala rIporTa bIje . 18mAM ja, lAmAM vahele zilAlekha je pote jANutA hoya te te . e. sa. pu. 2 pU. ra71no havAlo ApIne huM. vi. saM. 811 I. sa. 754ne che. bhAla dAjIe jaNAvyuM che ke, He knows of no inac. (57) A. DI. pu. 2. 5. 266 (u5ra TI. naM. 51 ription duted in the Samvant, before the Hi ad facud ol.) eleventh century of the Christian Era, General (58) bhA. prA, ra. pu. 2. 5. 386 : I. e, pu. Cunningham goes nearly so far. He says the 19, pR. 35 (dholapuranA mahAsana cahaNanA samayana), Samvat of Vikramaditya was not used 60 (59) i. e. 5, 19, 5, 75, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] sthApaka hovA vize trIje paramAra viza. uparAMta kane jane eka pratihAra uttara hiMdanA cha ane dakSiNa hiMdanA traNa ema maLI vaza ane bIjo parihAravaMza ane saurASTrane vallabhI nava rAjavaMzamAMthI, uttaranA vallabhI ane dakSiNanA vaMza. A sivAya koI hiMdI rAjAo, uparanA eka AMdha0 tathA rASTrakUTavaMzamAMthI kaI vikramAditya hajAra varSanA gALAmAM, uttara hiMdanI koI bhUmi upara nAmadhArI rAjA ke nathI eTale te traNa bAda karatAM sattAdhIza banyA nathI; jyAre dakSiNa bhAratamAM, bAkInA chamAMthI keTalA vikramAditya thayA che tenI ja praveza, cAlukyavaMza ane rASTrakUTavaMza; te nAmanI noMdha levI rahe che. te tapAsatAM nIce pramANe hakIkata traNavaMzaja rAjAdhikAre AvI gayA che. A pramANenA sAMpaDe che. vaMza sAla (a) gardabhIla (1) vikramAditya : vikramasiMha I. sa. pUrve 57 thI I. sa. 3 = 60 (ba) guptavaMza (2) caMdragupta pahelo vikramAditya pahele I. sa. 19 thI I. sa. 330 = 11 (3) caMdragupta bIjeH vikramAditya bIje I. sa. 375 thI , 414 (4) kumAragupta H vikramAditya trIje I. sa. 480 thI , 495 () paramAravaMza (5) yazadharmane 1 vikramAditya zilAditya. i. sa. 515 thI 550 35 thI vikalpa che 540 thI 500 I 50 (6) devazakti (vikramAditya nAma "bhavita che) I. sa. 720 thI 780 = 60 (3) caulukyavaMza. (7) vikramAditya pahelo zaka. 55-681 = i. sa. 733-759 = 26 (8) vikramAditya bIje 63 , 681 , 59 thI A pramANe cAra vaMzamAM ATha vikramAditya thayA che. vaLI keTalAka graMthakAranuM 4 ema 5NuM mAnavuM thayuM che ke vikramAdityane koI koI ThekANe rAjA bhoja tarIke hiMduoe gaNI kADhayo che. eTale tevA bhajedeva keTalA thayA che tenI paNa ApaNe tapAsa karavI ja rahe che. tevI vyaktio karnala ToDanA maMtavya pramANe che vizamAM maLIne traNa thaI che tema mArI tapAsamAM paNa traNanIja saMkhyA thayela nIkaLe che. alabatta (10) pAchaLathI mAlama paDayuM che ke AMbavaMzanA 36 (14) jIo uparamAM dalIla naM. 3 tathA ezi. rIe, rojAomAM me, 20 vALA rAja hAlanuM nAma paNa vikramA- pu. 9. 5. 177: ja, . e. . pu. 12 pU. ra5mAM ditya hatuM (juo uparamAM TI. naM. 20) paNa tene zakAri lakhela che ke Bhoja is the name of Persians kahI zakAya tema nathI (juo uparamAM naM. 6 vALI dalIla) given to Vikramaditya's son and often con eTale atra te nAmanI gaNanA karela nathI; chatAM ApaNA found the acts of the one with those of the viSayanI chaNAvaTa karavAmAM koI doSa rahI jato nathI other; Farishtah Danes translation vol. Ip. 13, eTalA mATe atra te jaNAvI lIdhuM che. =IrAnI loko vikramAdityanA putrane bheja nAmathI saMbarSei (61) jue geDavahe pustakanI prastAvanA pR. 219. che ane vAraMvAra ekanA jIvana banAvane bIjAnI sAthe (12) ja. . . . . . 5. 8 pR. 17. bheLavI de che-kariztAha DensI, bhASAMtara pu. 1 pR. 1). (13) juo uparamAM dalIla na. 3: ezi. rIsa. pu. (15) te traNane samaya karnala ToDa A pramANe noMdhe 9 pR. 177. che. (1) 671 (2) 72 ane (3) 10eo A pramANamAM

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zakAri vikramAditya [ aSTama khaMDa temAM eTalI viziSTatA che ke, te traNamAMnA be bhojadeva te eka ja samaye vidyamAna hatA. te sarvene samaya nIce pramANe che. (4) paramAravaMza (avaMtipati) (8) vRddha bhajadeva-dikamata pramANe kavi bANa ane I. sa. 550nI AsapAsamAM mayUravALA-ane jaina mata pramANe bhakatAmara rAjyakALa Azare 60 varSa strotranA kartA mAnatuMgasUrivALA. (10) bhojadevaH AdivarAha: upamiti bhavaprapacAnA I. sa. 800 thI 915 = 45 kartA siddharSivALA, vi. saM. 960. varSa Azare (11) bhojadevaH zilAditya : pratApazIla; muMjarAjA I. sa. 996 thI 1055=59 u pRthvIvalabhane bhatrije, tathA vAdivetAla zAMtirine prabodhita, (I) parihAravaMza-kaja pati (12) bhejadeva-te uparanA naM. 10 ne samakAlIna tathA je rAjA Amadeva (bappabhaTTa sUrivALA)ne naM. 10 ne samaya pautra thatA hatA te upara pramANe ATha vikramAditya ane cAra vALA vikramAdityanA amalamAMja TharAvI zakAya, nahIM bhojadeva thayA che. te darekanI sAthe temanAM upa- ke naM. 9vALA bhojadevanA samaye. matalaba e thaI nAme-birUde-paNa TAMkI batAvyAM che. te upa- ke, traNa athavA cAranI saMkhyAmAM je deva thayA rathI joI zakAze ke je cAra bhojadeva thayA hovAnuM gaNe te sarvene vikramasaMvatsaranA sthApaka tarIkenI che temAMthI naM. 10-11 ane 12 mAM te koinuM gaNatrI karavAmAMthI ApaNe te bAtalaja rAkhavA rahe che. nAmaja vikramAditya nathI. eTale te bAda karavA rahyA have vikramAdityano prazna vicArIe-ke temanI bAkI naM. 8 vALe haju saMbhavI zake khare. vaLI je AThanI saMkhyAmAMthI kaI vyakti zakArinuM birUda vikramAdityanAM nAma tapAsIzuM te naM. 5 vALa je dhAraNa karavA yogya che? A mATenI tapAsa ApaNe che tenuM rAjya I. sa. 550mAM khatama thAya che ane be traNa niyamonA AdhAre karI zakIe tema che. naM. 9 vALA bhojadevanuM zarU thAya che (A sAle sAdhAraNa rIte eka evo niyama hoya che ke koIpaNa meM aTakaLe goThavI che. kadAca pAMca daza varSa ekanI nRpati potAnA vaMzane saMvatsara cAlato hoya to tene bAbatamAM AgaLa mUkavA paDe te bIjAnI bAbatamAM te tyAga karIne, bIjA koie sthApita karela saMvatsara pramANe sudhAro karavo paDe teTaluM ganImata lekhavuM. bAkI hoya te vAparavAnI IcchA pote kare nahIM. bIjI bAju naM. 5 vALA vikramAdityanA pachI turataja na. 9 vALo eTale te itihAsa prasiddha bInA che ke, gupta saMvata bhojadeva avaMtipati banyo che teTaluM te eka ja nAmanA saMvatsara guptavaMzI rAjAoe calAvyo hato. samajavuM). have je zakAri vikramAditye laDela kArUranA eTaluM ja nahIM paNa tene sArI rIte vaparAzamAM paNa yuddhanI sAla I. sa. 134 TharAvAya to te naM. 5 lIdhe che. jyAre A pramANe vastusthiti hoya athavA sAla ApI che. paNa te kaye saMvatsara che ema lakhyuM Avaze (ju karnala ToDanuM rAjasthAna.) nathI. saMbhavita che ke vikrama saMvata haze jethI karIne te (66) kharI rIte tenI sAla I. sa. 53 traNenI sAla anukrame I. sa. 575, 665 ane 1035 saMbhava che. hovA

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prathama paricacheda ] vize vicAraNuM che, tyAre te naM. 2, 3 ane 4 vALA vikramA paradezI prajA sAthe yuddhamAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM. temAM ditya, zuM pitAnA vaMzane gupta saMvatsara mUkI daIne (1) eka muddo-e ke naM. 5 vALAne dUNa prajA vikrama saMvatsara grahaNa kare kharA? haragIja nahIM. sAthe bAkhaDavuM paDayuM hatuM (juo uparanI dalIla temaja uparamAM naM. 1 nI dalAle ApaNe sAbita naM. 8 ane 9). jyAre naM. 1 vALAne zaka prajA karI gayA chIe ke naM. 2 ane 3 vALA vikramAditya sAthe khAMDAnA khela khelavA paDayA hatA. eTale naM. 5 te zikArI paNa kahevAyA nathI, eTale je dalIla A vALAne haju hRNAri ApaNe kahI zakIe paNa guptavaMzI vikramAdityone lAgu paDe che te ja dalIlo naM. 1 ne zakAri kahI zakAya. (2) bIjo muddonaM. 7 ane 8 vALA cAlukyavaMzI vikramAdityane paNa itihAsakAroe jyAM jyAM zakArinuM nAma joDAyuM che lAgu paDe che; kAraNa ke temane saMvata zaka saMvatsara hato. tyAM tyAM naM. 1 vALAnI sAthe svayaM joDI dIdhuM che. eTale teo paNa tene tyAga karIne vikrama saMvatsara jyAre naM. 5 vALA sAthe te amuka kAraNasara ja vAparavAnuM munAsiba dhAre nahIM. A pramANe naM. 2, 3, ( vikrama saMvata kema cAlatuM baMdha thaI gayo ane pAcho 7 ane 8 ne bAda karatAM, mAtra naM. 1, 5 ane kema zarU thayuM tene meLa utAravAnA hetuthI ja) te 6 vALA traNa vikramAdityane ja vicAra karavo rahyo. nAma joDavAne prerAyA che. (3) trIjo muddezaka A traNe avaMtipatio che ja. tema kAranuM prajAne itihAsa tapAsatAM tenI utpattinA ane sALa paNa mALavA prAMta-avaMtinA pradezanI hadamAM ja vinAzanA samaya sAthe vicAratAM naM. 1 ne ja Avela che. eTale pradezanI gaNanAthI paNa, te traNene kArinuM birUda sarvathA lAgu paDI zake tema che. eTale lAgu paDe tema che. paNa samayanI gaNatrIe tema thatuM A dRSTie jotAM kAri tarIke to naM. 1 vALAne ja nathI. have je kAranuM yuddha I. sa. pU. 57mAM lekhAvI zakAya tema che. jyAre naM. 5 vALAne hari karAve te naM. 1 vALAne te lAgu pADI zake tema che tarIke ja gaNa rahe che.8. baMne I. sa. 130nI AsapAsa TharAvo te naM. 5ne have temanA yuddhanA sthAna para vicAra karIe. lAgu paDI zake. bAkI naM. 6ne samaya te I. sa. amarakeSakAra je suprasiddha vidvAna jyAre ApaNane 57ththI bahu dUra cAlyo jAya che. eTale eka pachI eka ema jaNAve che ke, zakAri vikramAdityane kArUra mukAme vikramAditya ane bhejadeva, ema pratyekanA saMjogone zaka prajA sAthe vigrahamAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM. tyAra vicAra karatAM, ane te pramANe eka pachI ekanuM ApaNe te mane mAnya rAkhyA vinA chUTake thato TALaNuM karyuM jatAM, ApaNe bIjA sarvene bahiSkAra nathI. ane naM. 5 vALA dUNArinA saMgrAma sthaLa karI nAkhyo che. have mAtra naM. 1 ane naM. 5 vALA mATe anya sthAnakanuM nirmANa karavuM paDaze. atrami. ema kevaLa be ja vyaktinI tapAsa levI rahe che. pharagyusananA zabdo ApaNane mArgadarzaka thaI paDe tema AmAM sthaLano vicAra karatAM tene kAra mukAme lAge che. temaNe lakhyuM che ke&, Battles of suha khelavuM paDayuM hatuM te bhale vivAdagrasta prazna Karur and Mansheri freed India from rAkhIe, chatAM eTale te cokkasa che ja ke, te bannene the Sakas and Huns, who had long (17) rANI baLazrIne nAsikano zilAlekha juo. (18) A viSaya paratvenI keTalIka carcA mAlavasaktane temAM rAka prajAne nAza karyAnuM lakhyuM che. vaLI tene samaya lAgu paDe tevI che. eTale atra karavI ucIta na lAgavA thADAmAM meDa I. sa. nI pahelI sadIno gaNAya che. choDI devI paDe che. Icchaka janane AgaLa upara tenuM zatAMta matalaba ke te samaya bAda zakamananuM nAmanizAna rahevA lakhyuM che te vAMcI javA bhalAmaNa che. * pravyuM nathI. (19) ja. ra. e. sa. pu. 21 5. 284 zr

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itihAsakArone [ aSTama khaMDa held her in utter subjection; that (a) zakAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha zaka prajA sAthe these two battles were fought between I. sa. pU. 57mAM ane kArUra mukAme thayuM hatuM, te A. D. 524-544; or I feel inclined to vikramAditya pote gabhIlavaMzI hato tema ja avaMtifancy that they may be only different pati banyA hatI. names of the same battle. At all (ba) dUNAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha [Na prajA sAthe events they almost certainly represent I. sa. 531 AsapAsamAM ane maMzerI mukAme thayuM tracts of the same campaign; which hatuM; te pote paramAravaMzI rAjapUta hatA ane freed India in that age from the mAlavapati banyo hate. Yavanas: and that it was to com: vikrama saMvata vize je lakhavAnuM hatuM te ahIM memorate the glories of these struggles puruM thAya che jyAre te saMvatanI aMdara aTavAI that the Vikramaditya Samvat was jaIne guMca ubhA karatA mAlava afterwards instituted=zaka ane duza prajAe ne saMvata ane zaka saMvatane lagatI hiMdane lAMbA vakhatathI tadana gulAmI dazAmAM rAkhI naDelI muzkelIo hakIkata, taddana chUTI pADI. mUkyo hato. temAMthI kArUra ane morInI AvatA paricchede judI ja laDAIthI tene mukti maLI hatI. A laDAIo i. sa ApavAnI che. eTale kharI rIte te atre jaNAvavAnuM 524-544 vacce thaI lAge che. athavA ema kAMI rahetuM nathI ema kahevAya. chatAMye A pariccheda mAnavAne mAruM mana lalacAya che ke te eka ja laDAInA pUrI karIe te pahelAM je keTalIka muzkelIo lekhakane banne judAM judAM nAma paNa heya; game tema he, paNa vikrama saMvatane aMge naDI che tene te khyAla ApavAnuM te banne kharekhara eka ja yuddhanA mArgo te batAve jarUrI lAge che ja. te atre jaNAvI daIe. che ja; je yuddhane aMge te kALe yavanathI hiMda muktine vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA thai te pUrve tema ja te pAmyuM; ane A yuddhanA vijayanI yAdasmaraNanI bAda paNa te te kALe pracalita traNe saMpradAyanA edhANImAM pAchaLathI vikrama saMvatanI sthApanA lekhake te hatA ja, chatAM muzkelI te mAtra eka ja karavAmAM AvI che." A abhiprAyamAM keTalAka saMpradAyanA lekhakane ubhavI dekhAya che. kAraNa ke vivAdAtmaka prazno upasthita thAya che kharA, paNa te bIjA be saMpradAyanA lekhakane potapotAnA samaye sAthe ApaNe nisbata nathI. mAtra eTaluM ja jaNAvavuM ItihAsa sAmagrInI guMthaNI karavAmAM upayogI thaI atra Avazyaka che ke A dUNAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha paDe tevA kALa darzAvatA saMvatsare hatA ja, eTale morI mukAme thayAnuM je gaNu levAya te khoTuM nathI. temane jyAre kAMI paNa varNana karavA athavA tene ( A pramANe AkhAye guMcavADAbharyA praznane samaya TAMkavAno muddo ubho thato, tyAre teo te nIkala AvI gayuM gaNAze. eTale ke: tene Azraya laI letA; paNa jaina dharmavALAnI sthiti (7) A marI je hAlanuM maMdasera kare te keTalAka kAra mukAme ane hArinuM yuddha ne dasera athavA morI vidvAne kAraNe je maMdasara TharAve che te khoTuM gaNAze. mukAme thayuM hatuM. bAkI kArUnI laDAI zakAri vikramAditye laDI kADhI che, te (71) ke. hi. I. pR. 155:-Initial point of this amarakoSakAranA zabda jotAM ThIka lAge che. (mAro abhiprAya era ought to be B. c. 57 or 56 instead of zuM che te mATe pu. 5 juo. tyAM jaNAvyuM che ke A B. c. 56. (Book of Indian Eras by CunningkAranuM sthAna mALavA ane dakSiNahiMdanI vacce narmadAnA ham pre. viii)=I. sa. pU. pa0ne badale A saMvatanI dakSiNa pradezamAM kayAMka haze ema mAnavAnuM kAraNa che) Adi I. sa. pU. pA athavA 57 gaNu joIe. hAla tarata te ApaNe ema ja TharAvIzuM ke kArinuM yuddha (kaniMgahAmakRta buka opha InDIyana IrAjhanI prastAvanA pR. 8).

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prathama paricheda ] naDelI muzkelIo 83 nyArI hatI. jo ke vikrama saMvatanI Adi thaI te agnikUlIya kSatrIyonI sAthe athaDAmaNamAM AvI pUrve teo mahAvIra saMvatano upayoga haju karatA hatA. paDayA. temAM A rAjapUtone vijaya varavAthI temaNe paraMtu jyAre A saMvata gatimAM Avyo ane te rAjasUtro hAthamAM laI potAne saMvata sthAya. rAja paNa jainadharmAnuyAyI ja hato tyAre te dharmanA vaLI temane vahIvaTa deDha be sadIo cA lekhakanI muMjhavaNamAM ora vRddhi thavA pAmI hatI; ne muralIma dharmanA anuyAyIomAMnA Arabo, kemake temaNe pitAne dharmanA praNetAne eTale mahA- gIjanIo, garIo, I. I. AvI caDyA. A vIrano saMvata vAparo ke pitAnA rAjAno-eTale pramANe sAta ATha sadInA gALAmAM uttarottara vikramane-saMvata vAparavo te pasaMda karI levAnuM hatuM. pAMca cha sattAone vahIvaTI hAtha badale thaI javA vaLI vikramane gabhIlavaMza sattA upara hatA tyAM pAmyA. temAMnI dareka sattAne potAne saMvatsara sudhI te te saMvata vAparyo jAya te paNa cAlyuM jatuM. calAvavAno moha hatA. eTale pariNAma e AvyuM ke paraMtu lagabhaga doDha varSa te cAlyA pachI avaMtimAM rAjadvArI sthitinA palaTAthI jema prajAne amuka caThaNuvaMzI rAja amala tapavA mAMDayo hato tema avaMti- samaye amuka prakAre herAnagatimAM utaravuM paDatuM hatuM nI uttaranA hiMdI prAMtamAM kuzanavaMzInI sattA che ane avadazA bhogavavI paDatI hatI tema sAhityakayAranI cAlu hatI ja. vaLI A baMne vaMzanA rAjAoe kSetranI viTaMbaNAomAM paNa teja prakAranI sthiti pitAne saMvata calAvyo hovAnA dAkhalA paNa mojuda uparithati thatI cAlu rahI hatI. AvAM kAraNane lIdhe che. te bAda A rAjavaMzIonI sattAnI oTa thatAM rAjakAraNanA kSetre jema vikrama saMvatano upayoga karAte gupta veze dekhAva dIdhA hatA ane te vaMzanA nRpatioe ghaNIe sadI sudhI baMdha paDyA hatA, tema sAhitya vaLI pitAno ja saMvata cAlu karIne muzkelInI hAra- kSetre paNa te saMvatane vaparAza baMdha paDI gayo hate. mALAmAM eka maNake umeryo hato. kALAMtare temanuM eTale je kALe je sthAne je graMtha lakhavAmAM rAjya paNa khatama thatAM, dUNa prajA avaMtimAM utarI Avato, temAM te samaye te sthAna upara pravartatA paDI. teo paNa pitAnA aDadhI sadInA kArabhAra saMvatane upayoga karAte rahyo hato. eTaluM ja nahi pachI hiMdIomAMthI navasarjana pAmI rAjapUta banelA paNa e saMvatanuM nAma kadAca lakhavAmAM AvatuM te vaLI (72) have samajAze ke vikrama saMvatanI Adi thayA nAmano ati prakhyAtI pAmelo sAhitya graMtha che; jene pachI tene vaparAza je keTalIye sadI sudhI baMdha paDI gayAnuM aMgrejImAM anuvAda aneka vidvAnoe karyo che. A jenAcArya vidhAne jaNAvatA rahyA che tenuM kAraNa kayAM chapAI rahyuM che. paNa vallabhI rAjaye vasatA hatA. eTale temaNe potAnI (73) A kathananAM becAra daSTAMto ApIzuM eTale sthiti vidyamAnatA mATe vAparela 585nA AMkane che ke vidvAnoe barAbara samajAze. vikrama saMvata mAnI lIdho che paraMtu temane khare samaya 585 (1) devagaNi nAmanA jaina AcAryanA samaye valI- 375=960 vikrama saMvata che. puramAM graMtha Alekhana vipula pramANamAM karAyuM che. tene (3) jainAcArya zilAMkasUri, dAkSiNacihesUri, jInasamaya lahIAee 510 lakhe che. vidvAne tene vikama bhagaNi kSamAzramaNa ityAdi ghaNuM pUrvAcAryonA samayamAM saMvata mAnI lIdho che jyAre kharI rIte, valabhIrAjAo je upara pramANe ja mAnyatA patharAyelI che. A AkhAya viSaya gupta sa vata vAparI rahyA hatA te gupta saMvatanI ja 510nI aneka dalIlo pUrvaka bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thatA jainadharma prakAza sAla temanI hatI. eTale ke pa1 0+35=vikrama saMvata 885 nAmanA mAsikamAM nIcenA aMkamAM ApIne meM sAbita ne te samaya kahI zakAya. karavA prayatna karyo che tenI vigata mATe juo: (2) upara pramANane bIjo dAMta zrIharibhadrasUrina che. saM. 1983 pu. 43 aMka 6 pR. 196 thI 204 temaNe 1444 graMthe ramyA kahevAya che jemAM 'samarAditya kathA' , , 47 5 7 ba 229 231 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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itihAsakArone [ aSTama khaMDa ghaNI veLA emane ema tene adhyAhAra rAkhI samajI ke rAjAja I. I. 75 nI upamA Apate ja. A levAmAM paNa AvatuM. athavA te saMvatane artha prathA hinda upara musalamAnI rAjyahakumatanI asara samajAvatA je " zaka' zabda che te mAtra tene thaI tyAM sudhI vizeSa pramANamAM hatI. ane ApaNe AMkanI pUrve mUkAto. eTale adhyAhAra mAtrathI je jANIe chIe ke uttara hinda karatAM, dakSiNa hinda gucavADe ubho thavAnI bhIti hatI temAM vaLI vizeSa upara musalamAnI rAjya sattA bahu moDethI dAkhala vRddhi thavAnI taka ubhI thai. kemake " zaka' zabdathI thaI che. eTale tyAMnA hindu rAjAomAM "vikramAditya uttara hiMdanI prajAnA manamAM te mAtra "saMvatsara' zabda birUdarUpe-upamAnA rUpamAM temaja kharA-vizeSa e ja artha74 karAte hate; jyAre dakSiNa hiMdanI nAme paNa bahu moDA samaya sudhI cAlu rahyo che. prajAmAM zaka nAmane eka svataMtra saMvatsara ja cAluM AvAne AvA kisamanA upara varNavAyelA aneka thayela hatuM. eTale have samajI zakAze ke uttara prakAranA saMyogomAM traNe saMpradAyanA, temAM mukhyapaNe hidamAM ane dakSiNa hindamAM "zaka ne artha tadana jaina sAhityakAra tathA lekhakone-dareke dareka pradezamAMjudI ja rItathI karavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. bhAtabhAtanI muzkelIo saMvatsaranA nirdezAmAM naDayA temAM vaLI jyAre rAjAnA nAmanI sAthe AMka karI che. matalaba ke, viSaya eTale badhe aTapaTa thaI joDavAmAM Avato tyAre te tethI paNa vizeSa muzkelI paDe che ke, te mATe eka sthApita niyame sarvanI anubhavavI paDatI hatI. kAraNa ke manuSya svabhAvanI bAbatamAM kAma laI zakAya tema nathI. eka khAsiyata che ke koIne pitAnuM jarApaNuM DhIluM ATaATalI muzkelIo potAnA mArgamAM paDelI kalAnuM athavA paNuM seLa AnA belAya te gamatuM hovA chatAMye temaNe te pitAnI buddhi pramANe ja nathI. jethI koi graMthakAra pate, je rAjyanI sAhitya sevA karavAmAM kayAsa majA hoya ke je rAjAno Azrita hoya athavA koI chatAM oLakhI AvavA dIdhI nathI; eTale have paNa prakAre karyuM hoya te bhUpatinuM varNana karatAM, kADhavAnI rIta ApaNI pharaja rahe che ke te hamezAM tenI prazastimAM veDa ghaNuM pramANamAM guMcamAMthI kAMIka mArga kADhavo. atizayokti gAyA ja kare te svAbhAvika che; eTale ukela mATenI sarva sAmAnya cAvI zodhI kADhavI te te graMthakAra pitAnA upakAraka purUSane vikramAditya muzkela che ja, chatAM manuSya yatna karIne rastA sUjhe te ka 1984 43 / 9 317 323 temaNe potAnA dAdAgurU tarIke zilAMkarine jaNAvIne tenI , , , 43, 10, 346 , 349 racanA "zaka 790' mAM jaNAvI che; tene vidvAnoe zaka tevI ja rIte mAlavapati rAjA muMja ane tenA bhatrIjA saMvata 90 lekhI vikrama saMvata 790+13525 jaNAvyo mAdevanA rAjagurU zrIdhanezvarasUrie zatruMjaya mahAtpa racIne che. paNa tene zaka saMvatane badale, zaka eTale saMvata, tevA kacchane AMka mUke che. jene vikrama saMvata mAnI lIdhe bhAvArthamAM lekhavAno che; tenI carcA paNa uparanA pu. 43nA che; paNa te AMka mAlava saMvatane hAI vi. saM. 1066 aMkamAM karI batAvI che. Azare Ave che. te viSayanI carcA mATe upara pramANe (5) AnAM dRSTA mATe upara carcAI gayela "vikramAditya saMvata 1984nA jainadharma prakAzamAM pu. 43 phAlgaNa aMka 12 tathA "bhAjadeva' kayAre ne keTalA thayA che tenuM vRttAMta jIe 5. 420thI 424 meM lakhela nibaMdha juo. AvA te eTale khAtrI thaze. aneka dAkhalAo ApI zakAya tema che, (76) uttara hiMdamAM bahu te I. sa. nI 8 ke 9 sadI (74) uparanI TI. naM. 73mAM daSTAMta 3mAM zilAMkasUri sudhI AvAM nAmo vaparAtAM najare paDaze jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM ane dakSiNayacihnasarinA nAmo jaNAvyAM che. temAMnA caulayavaMzIomAM to tethI paNa moDe sudhI te birU dakSiNa ciharie kuvalayamALA nAmanA graMtha ra che. vaparAtuM dekhAze.

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prathama paricheda ] naDelI muzkelIo prathama derI kADha; janatA pAse raju kare ane traNa dharmamAMthI mAtra jenadhamAM sAhityakArane temAM sudhArA vadhArAnI IcchA dharAvavI te vizva ane rAjAone jema saMvatanA AlekhanamAM muzkelIo niyama kahevAya. te kAnUnane anusarIne jaNAvuM chuM - veThavI paDI che, tema khuda kAri (a) ekadama pahelAM (1) sthAnano nirdeza vikrama saMvatanI vikramanA saMvatsara mATenI A thayo che ke nahI te zodhI kADhavuM. tene patto lAgyo viTaMbaNAo dine nirNaya karavAmAM paNa temane te tyAM (2) kayA kayA vaMzanA rAjapurUSane amala anizcitatAono sAmano karavo thaI javA pAmyo che tenI zodha karavI (3) ane pAyo che. jethI uparanA parigrAphamAM jema rena pachI te rAjavaMzano sthApita koI svataMtra saMvatsara prajAnAM daSTAMte raju karavAM paDayAM che, tema A pArigrApha hatuM ke kema athavA te teo je kaI sArvabhauma paNa temanAM ja udAharaNe pAchAM noMdhavAM paDaze. sattAne tAbe heya te te sarvoparI sattAvALA- zakAri vikramAditya gardabhIlavaMzI hatA te te ne koI saMvatsara hato ke kema -A pramANe ApaNe uparanA pRSThamAM sAbita karI gayA chIe. traNe mudA saMpUrNapaNe athavA jeTalA ochAvadhatA vaLI gardabhIlavaMzanA AdipuruSa tarIke kharI rIte jAya che te pramANamAM-kAkaDAne ukela AvI zakAri vikramAdityanA pitA rAjA gaMdharvasenane ja gayo samaja. gaNavo joIe. jyAre keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema che ke (ba) saMvatsara AlekhavAnI aneka rItio bhale gaMdharvasenathI te vaMzanI sthApanA thaI kahevAya jovAmAM Ave che. A viSaya bahu ja lAMbo che ane kharI, chatAM teNe rAjagAdIno tyAga karI dIdho che te upara khAsa abhyAsIonA vicAro bahAra paDe tevI ane vacce sAta varasano rAjaamala zaka prajAne agatyatA paNa che. eTale teTalI sUcanA ja karIne AvI gayo che. jyAre zakaprajAe rAjalagAma hAtha AgaLa kalama laMbAvatAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, tevI prathAo dharI tyAre rAjA gaMdharvasenane ke tenA vArasadArone svapna aneka mArA jovAmAM AvI che. temAMnI theDIno paNa khyAla nahetuM ke, pite pAchI gAdIe Avaze ullekha mAtra anna karIsa. jyAM jyAM banyuM tyAM tyAM ke kema? ane Avaze te kayAre? mATe vAstavika rIte cAra vastu lekhake @AvatA rahyA che. sAla, atu, mAsa jyArathI zakArie avaMtinI gAdIe birAjamAna ane tithi. temAM prae pakSa ane divasa vaLI vadhAro thaIne rAjyavahivaTa calAvavA mAMDayo, tyArathI ja te karyo che, te vaLI koie prathamanI cAramAMthI koIka vaMzanI sthApanA thaI gaNavI joIe; kemake te samaya saMkhyA ochI paNa karI che. paraMtu ekaMdara cArathI thI ja prajAmAM navA yugane prAraMbha udayamAM A vadhunI vigata jaNAvI nathI, tyAre keTalAke pUrNimAMta kahI zakAya. temaja te pachI ja te vaMzanI sattA ke amAsAta mAsanI paddhatie mAsanuM darzana karAva- akhaMDita rIte cAlu rahI che. eTale ke A mata vAtuM yogya dhAryuM che. game te prakAre rajuAta thaI dharAvanAranA maMtavya pramANe ma. sa. 470=I. sa. 5 heya, te paNa ekaja rIte kAma laI zakAya tema che; pachathI te saMvatanI Adi gaNAya. jyAre prathamanA mata ke tyAM jyAM AvA dAkhalA banyA hoya tyAM tyAM, dharAvanArAe tene samaya ma. sa. 453=I. sa. evAja dAkhalA anya sthAne jaNAyA heya e pitAnA 74thI gaNavA mAMge che. temanI dalIla e che ke, bhale sAnathI zodhI kADhavA ane tyAM je saMvatsara nakkI saMvata sthAyI karavA mATeno meko, zakArinA rAjya thayo hoya te pAcho aMhI vaTAvI javo. udabhavyo che, paNa jema anyakALa-dA. ta. cakaNa A be riyA kAma levAthI moTA bhAge vaMzanA saMvata vakhate, AbhIrapationA vakhate, guma sarva saMvatsaranA AMkone nikAla AvI javA saMvata I. I. nA vakhate, prasaMga banyo hema anya kALe, chatAM saMvatsaranI sthApanA te tene maLI paNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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r jyArathI gAdIpati banyA hAya, tyArathI ja te saMvataneA prArabha thayA gaNAya che, te pramANe vikrama saMvatanI Adi paNa gaNavI joIe. A pramANe be mata thayA. te uparAMta vaLI eka e anya mata paNa che. temAMnA ekanuM maMtavya ema che ke, gardabhIla vaMzI rAjAoneA amala bhale truTaka thaI gayA che, paNa pAche| cAlu thaI gayela hAvAthI, tenI Adi te te vaMzanA mULa puruSanA rAjyAraMbhathI gaNIzuM. vaLI vacce cAreka varSa77 sudhI, je rAjyaamalathI teo alaga paDI gayA che, tene hisAba paNa majare levA joIe; jethI tenA samayamAM, uparanA e matanI vaccenuM jema aMtara 74-5=17 nuM rahe che, tema cAra varSa paDataranA bAda karI 13 varSanuM rAkhavuM te paNa bahetara che. jyAre ceAthe| mata ema jaNAve che ke, cAra varSane khadale sAta varSanuM zakarAjya che. mATe khe vaccenuM aMtara 17 ne badale sAta bAda karatAM daza varSI rahe che tethI teTaluM aMtara rAkhavuM joie. paraMtu A mata vaidika matavALAnA hAI ane temane peAtAne vikrama savatane vaparAza karavAnA na heAvAthI tenI upekSA karAI che. eTale bAkI traNa mata rahyA ane te sarve jaina matAnuyAyInA ja gaNavA rahe che. have tenAM dRSTAMta ApIzuM eTale tene kSitArtha samajAze. vikrama saMvatanI jaina saMpradAyamAM e meTA vibhAga che: ekanuM nAma zvetAMbara ane khIjAnuM nAma digaMbara. prathama zvetAMbara mAnyatAnI tapAsa laIe. temanA sAdhuemAM jema atyAre vidvatAnA pramANamAM vAcaka, gaNu, upAdhyAya, mahApAdhyAya ane sari--AcArya ItyAdI birUda-padavI che tema, eka samaye taduparAMta mahattara, kSamAzramaNa Adi padavIo paNa hatI. ApaNe je samayanI ahIM vAta karavA mAgIe chIe te samaye devaiNa kSamAzramaNa nAmanA eka mahAn (77) A matamAM pariziSTakAra kalikALa sarvajJa hemacaMdrAthAya lAge che; kemake temaNe rAkaprAnuM rAjya cAra varSanuM gaNAvyuM che (jIe pu. 1. pR. 202 neTa na, 33 jemAM ava MtipatinI nAmAvalInI traNa kaDIe ApI che). Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aThThama kheDa AcArya thaI gayA che. temanA mATe ema kahevAya che ke teoe saiArASTranA vallabhIpura nagarathI pustakA mATI saMkhyAmAM lakhAvIne aneka zaheranA pustaka bhaMDAramAM meAkalAvI dIdhAM hatAM ane te pramANe pustake athavA temanI sAMpradAyika bhASAmAM kahIe teA zrutajJAna sAcavI rAkhavAnuM mahat puNya upArjana karyuM hatuM. temaneA samaya 510nA noMdhAyA che. paNa A AMkanI pAse te kayA saMvataneA che te darzAvavA koI akSara joDela na hAvAthI ane manuSya svabhAvanI khAsiyata pramANe peAtAnA dharmanI vizeSapaNe prabhAvikatA batAvavA mATe, pAchaLanA kALanA lahuiAoe tene mahAvIra saMvata mAnI lIdhe; jethI tene AMka je kharI rIte 510 gupta saMvataneA hateA (kemake vallabhopuramAM te samaye gupta saMvatsaranuM ja calaNa hatuM)" tene vikrama saMvatsaramAM pheravI nAMkhIe te| 510+375=885 lakhavA joie. tene khale vIra saMvata mAnavAthI., je mata vikramanA saMvatanI AdithI-vikramanA rAjyAbhiSekathI-gaNe che temaNe 470+510=980ne! AMka mUkaye; paNa jee rAjA gaMdharvasenanA samayathI tenI Adi gaNavAnA matavALA che temaNe 17 varSe umerIne 980+17=997 mUkayA; ane trIjA matavALAe (17nuM aMtara gaNavavavALAe 993 mUkayA). eTale ke devaDhDhIgaNi kSamAzramaNunA pustakoddhAranA samaya mATe vikrama saMvata 989, 997 ane 997 ema traNa AMka mUkAyA. A uparathI samajAze ke traNe pakSo vikrama saMvatanI apekSAe sAcA che, chatAMye potapotAnA daSTibiMduthI kAma lIdhuM hAvAthI ekakhIjAthI bhinna dekhAya che; jevI rIte vaidika matAnuyAyI purANakAreAe peAtAnA dRSTibiMduthI aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa karyuM che ane je aneka rIte bhinna paDI jatuM heAvA chatAM vAstavamAM / te sarva kharUM ja ThAvAnuM ApaNe aneka vakhata (78) A mata vAyupurANakAranA che. (jhue uparamAM pR. 2 TI. na. 6) (9) A mATe uparanI TI. naM. 73 peTA na'. 1 jue. (80) uparamAM jue. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] viTaMbaNAo adyApiyata jaNAvI gayA chIe. AnAM daSTAMto bannemAM 980, 993 ane 998nA AMka maLatA Ave vipulapaNAmAM te zuMgavaMzanI hakIkata ja najare paDe che. baMne prasaMgo mutajJAna saMbaMdhe ja che ane baMne prAcIna che; kemake te vaMza vaidika dharmanA anuyAyI hatA; jethI samayanA che tathA ati prabhAvavaMtA ane mahatvapUrNa temanAM zAstragraMthamAM-purANomAM-te rItIthI kAma levAyuM prasaMgo che, eTale keTalAka vidvAnoe te bannene che. A pramANe eka daSTAMta thayo. vadhAre spaSTIkaraNa ekaja prasaMga tarIke mAnI lIdhA che. jyAre vAstavika mATe vaLI eka daSTAMta ApIe. paNe jozo te prathama samaya 510 gu. saM=vi. saM. jema upara dazAvela banAve. pustaka-zrata jJAnanA 885 che tyAre bIjAne samaya" vi. saM. 989 ne uddhArane che tema atre TAMkavA dhArela bIjo prasaMga che; eTale ke banne prasaMgo vacce 95 varSanuM aMtara paNa mutajJAnanA vAcana paratvene che. ane te paNa che. A pramANe vikrama saMvatsaranA AMko para saurASTranI bhUmi upara ja banavA pAmyo che. temanAmAM matamatAMtara dharAvatA anya prasaMge aneka noMdhI kalpasUtra nAmano ati pavitra manAte eka graMtha che. zakAya, paNa Alekhana vistAranA bhayathI atra vikrama saMvata 980nI sAla sudhI tenuM vAcana, mAtra aTakI jaIzuM. sAdhu varga ja karI zakatA hatA. paNa te sAlamAM have digaMbara saMpradAyano ekAda daSTAMta ApIe. saurASTranA ANaMdapura-vaddhamAnapuranA rAjA dhruvasenane te paNa uparanA kapasUtranA vAcananI hakIkata aMge ja putra maraNa pAmyA hatA ane te svadharmanuyAyI hovAthI che. ane tene marma paNa uparanA nivedana pramANe samatenA zekanivAraNa sArUM te samayanA jainAcArya uparanA javo rahe che. paNa te saMbaMdhI je khulAso teo kare kalpasUtranuM vAcana sabhAsapakSa 13 karyuM hatuM. A banAva che te judA prakArane hAIne ja te atre jaNAvIrA. vikrama saMvata 980mAM banyo che ja845Na eka mate temanAmAM mULe cAra saMgha levAnuM manAyuM che temAMnA ekanuM 980 kahevAya tyAre bIjA mate tene 993 ane 998 nAma sarasvatI saMdha che. te saMdhanA AcAryonI eka paNa kahevAya ja. ane A traNe AMka upara TakelA paTTAvaLI che tene sarasvatI saMdhanI paTTAvaLI kahevAya che. te devadrogaNikSamAzramaNane daSTAMtanI peThe satya ja che. saMbaMdhI vivecana karatAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke vikrama paraMtu A banne banAva vaccenuM-buta jJAnanA pracAranuM rAjA 18 varSano thayo, tyAre temane rAjyAbhiSeka thaye ane kalpasUtra sabhA samakSa vaMcAyAnuM-eka kAkatAlIya hato. eTale teno saMvata tenA janma divasathI je sAdathapaNuM ubhuM thayeluM batAvavAnI jarUra dekhAya che: gaNavAmAM Ave te A aDhAra varSano phera nIkaLI jAya. (81) AnAM daSTAMte vipulapaNAmAM te zuMgava zAnI kahevAya? te samaye saurASTra upara ke gujarAta upara kenI hakIkate ja najare paDe che kemake te vaMza vaidika dharmane aNa cAlu hatI? te sarva hakIkata zilAlekhanA AdhArathI meM anuyAyI hatA; jethI temanAM zAstragraMthe-purANomAM te puravAra karI batAvI che te mATe juo jaina dharmaprakAza rItIthI kAma levAyuM che. nAmanA mAsikamAM pu. 45 aMka 5 pR.161-174 sudhIne (82) A 980nA AMkane keTalAke vIra saMvatane mAne mAre lekha che. tenA khulAsA mATe nIcenI TI. naM. 83-84 jAo. (85) uparanI TI. naM. 82 juo. (83) juo vinayavijayajIkRta kalpasUtranI sukhabAdhikA- (86) juo muni kalyANavijayajIe lakhelI jaiina vRttinuM bhASAMtara pR. 7 kadAca temAM 980 (vikrama saMvata) lakhe kALa gaNanA', mudrita 1976, pR. 156 ( A Akhe nibaMdha heya paNa lahiAoe vI. 980 (vIrAta eTale vIrane kAzInI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhAnI patrikA pu. 10 bhAga sa vata) lakhI vAnya hAya. 4mAM prasiddha thaI gayo che). (84) A AkhAye banAva kayAre banyo hato? A bhravasena (87) tene rAjyAbhiSeka 18 varSe nahi paNa 24-25 rAja koNa ? tenuM nagara ANaMdaparavardhamAnapura kayAM AvyuM varSanI umare thayo che (juo uparamAM pR. 28 ).

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vikrama saMvata vize raTa phera paraMtu vAstavika rIte A 17 ke 18 varSane krama thavA pAmyA che tene khulAsA uparamAM kathAranA apAI gayA che. te uparathI vAcakagaNu samajI zakaze ke teo je khulAsA rajI kare che te vAstavika che ke krama ? A pramANe vikrama saMvatsaranI samayagaNunA viSe ubhavatI muzkelIenI vicAraNA samApta thAya che; temaja A pustakanI maryAdAmAM AvatA cAra saMvatsara|nI hakIkata paNa saMpUrNa thaI jAya che, eTale Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat { aSTama khaMDha ApaNe te viSaya cheDIne AgaLa vadhavAnuM ja rahe che. chatAM uparamAM uDatA IsArA karI javAyeA che ke vikrama saMvatsaranI sAthe bIjA be saMvatsareza--mAlava ane zaka saMvatsarA aTavAI gaela che jethI te sarvanI sthiti spaSTa karavAne A khe savatsaranI ApaNI vicAraNA paNa karI levAnI AvazyakatA rahe che. te mATe AvatA AkhA pariccheda ja phAjala pADIzuM. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - - EPIL tha I li * : * dvitIya pariccheda samaya-kALa gaNanA (cAlu) TUMka sAra-mAlava saMvatanI utpatti tathA vikrama saMvata ane mAlava saMvatanI sAbita karI ApelI bhinnatA, ane tethI temanuM siddha thayeluM bhinnatva vikrama saMvata eka vAra cAlu thayA pachI je baMdha paDI gayo hate tenAM kAraNanI lIdhela tapAsa-mAlava saMvatane vikAsa ane aMte vikrama saMvatamAM thatuM tenuM lInapaNuM-chUNaprajAvize kAMIka navIna mAhitI zaka saMvata-zaka zabdanA batAvela cha artho, tathA te uparathI ubhI thatI muzkelIne Apelo khyAla-zaka saMvatanA sthApaka vizenI karelI carcA-uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdamAMnA zaka saMvatanI sthApanA tathA tenA sthApaka bAbatane, zilAlekha, sikkA tema ja sAhityAdhAre karela nirNaya ane tethI tarI AvatI te bannenI bhinnatA-zaka saMvatanI anya viziSTatAo sarve saMvatsaronA vividha aMgenI keDArUpe karelI neMdha-vidhavidha saMvatsaranI uttamatA vizenI karelI carcA-oMdha rakhAtA traNa saMvatenI cokkasa gaNanA karavA mATe sUcavela samaya, tathA te sarvenI aMdara aMdara pherabadalI karavAnI batAvelI cAvI-vikrama ane IsunA saMvata vizene eka bhrama ane tenuM kareluM nivAraNa 12 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mAlava saMvatanAM [ aSTama khaMDa (a) mAlava saMvata ( I. sa. 5310vi. saM. 590nI AsapAsamAM durNa A pachidamAM varNavavAnA saMvatsarone ApaNe prajAne saMhAra karI, hindI prajAne temanA trAsamAMthI pustaka mATe nirmita karAyelI samayamaryAdA sAthe mukta karI, te banAvanI yAdagIrImAM vikrama saMvatsarane bIlakula saMbaMdha nathI, chatAM kevA AzayathI te hAtha maLatA evA mAlavasaMvatanI sthApanA karI hatI te dharavA Avazyaka lAgyuM che te me upara jaNAvI dIdhuM ayukata gaNAze nahi. kemake jema naM. 1 no vikramAditya che. eTale atra te vize kAMI bolavAnuM rahetuM nathI. avaMtipati hatA tema naM. 5 vALo paNa mAlavapati mAruM ema dhAravuM thAya che ke, ItihAsakAroe ja hato, ane prAcIna samayane avaMti deza teja vikrama saMvatsaranA samayane nirNaya karavAmAM samayA- arvAcIna mAlavAno prAMta che, eTale vAstavamAM nusAra pramANika prayatna karIne te te banne eka ja pradezanA adhikArI hatA Utpatti tathA aneka tavonuM zodhana ema thayuM. paNa prathamavALo pitAne "kSatriya ja karIne je abhiprAya pragaTa kahevarAve che jyAre bIje potAne 'paramAravaMzI karyA che temAM paNa kAMIka satya che tevuM ja joIe. rAjapUta" kahevarAve che. prathamavALAne hindu zAstrakAroe teo kAMI potAne kALa khoTI bAbatamAM lamaNAphoDa "avaMtipatija kahyo che jyAre bIjAne mAlavapati' karIne vyatIta kare tevA nahatA ja. eTale ke gata kahyo che. vaLI ApaNe itihAsa uparathI jANIe paricchedamAM TAMkelI dalIlenI vicAraNAmAM A chIe ke rAjapUtanA je cAra moTA vibhAgo - muMjhavatA praznamAM sarve vidvAnee naM. 1 ane naM. 5 athavA zAkhAo che (paramAra, cauhANa, cAlukya vALA vikramAdityane saMbaMdha hovAnuM mAnyuM che. te athavA selaMkI ane pratihAra athavA parihAra ) bAbata ApaNe kAMIka vizeSa uMDANamAM utarIne jevA tene samaya paNa AnI lagabhagano ja che. eTale jarUra che. tyAM ApaNe jaNAvyuM che ke naM. 1 vALo tAtparya ema nIkaLe che ke, A samayanI pUrve zakAri vikramAditya che ane naM. 5 vALo dRNAri kSatrie sarve pitAne eka ja nAmathI oLakhAvatA vikramAditya che. have A dUNari vikramAdityanA hatA. paNa huNa prajAnI sAthenA A yuddha pachI sabaMdhamAM ApaNe ema nirNaya karIe ke, teNe ja temanI zAkhAo utpanna thaI che. ane judI judI (1) bhA. prA. rAja. pu. 2. pR. 386 ane AgaLa. vaparAvA mAMDayA hoya. (vaLI nIcenI TIkAo jue). mi. smitha tathA bhAMDArakaranA mata pramANe mAlava saMvata (3) A cAra zAkhA mATe kAMIka vizeSa jANavA sArU badalIne vikrama saMvata calAvanAra guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta pR.3. pR.351 tathA A pustakamAM khaDa navamAMnA aMte juo: hato, jeNe vikramAditya nAma dhAraNa karyuM che. eTale te ema (4) caulukya ane saMlakI banne eka ja nathI lAgata matalaba thaI ke mAlava saMvata prathamathI cAlyo AvatA hatA kAraNake caulukaye hamezAM zaka saMvatane upayoga kare che paNa caMdragupate tenuM nAma vikrama saMvata pADayuM hatuM. A jyAre solaMkIe te nathI vAparatA. vaLI te enA ekSaeka kheTI kalpanA ja che; kemake prathama te mAlava saMvatanI lekhana ke nAmeccAra sAthe paNa saumya dekhAtuM nathI. kadAca sthApanA ja caMdraguptanA samayabAda keTalAye kALe thaI che. solaMkI rAjapUte te caulukayanI ekAda peTA zAkhA jevI vaLI guptavaMzI rAjAoe te gupta nAmane saMvatsara calAvyo hoya te saMbhave kharuM. nahIM te bIjI aneka rIte bhinnatA che te anya saMvatsarane AdhAra zA mATe ? tarI Ave che. (juo 5. 3 pR. 391nI hakIkta tathA . (2) ema paNa kadAca banyuM hoya che, jema kSatriya zabdamAMthI TIpaNo ). rAjapUta zabdanI utpatti thai, tema A samayathI ja, mAravADa, (5) pu. 3 pR. 39thI AgaLa. te ThekANe meM I. sa. mevADa ane mALavA zabdanI vaparAzane prAraMbha thayo hoya; 533ne samaya jaNAvyo che. paNa tapAsa karatAM te 531ne eTale ke A badhA zabdo eka bIjAne AzrayIne atyArathI ja vadhAre saMbhavita gaNAya tema che.

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dvitIya paricacheda ] utpatti, vikAra, I. zAkhAvALA judA judA pradezamAM vikharAyA-phaMTAyA pUrve jema dhaDamULathI uthala pAthala karanAra yuga pravartI che. temaja dareke potapotAnuM rAjya sthApyuM che. jethI rahyo hato tema atyAre paNa tenuM ja punarAvartana thaI te samayathI "kSatriya" zabdane paDato mUkI "rAjapUta" rahyuM hatuM. (rAjakartAnA putro) evuM sarvamAnya nAma kabula karI hiMduprajAmAM kahe ke, bhAratavarSamAM kahe, paNa temaNe vyavahAra calAvavA mAMDayo che ema kahI zakAze. ujainI nagarInI-avaMti dezanI rAjadhAnInI pavitratA A rAjapUtanI eka mukhya zAkhA, je paramAravaMzI temaja mahattvatAnuM sthAna kAMIka aneruM ja gaNAya che. kahevAtI hatI temaNe mALavAmAM rAjya karavA mAMDayuM eTale A sarve rAjapUtee mAlavasaMvatanA pracAra hevAthI teone "mAlavapati' karavAnuM jhIlI rAkhyuM hatuM. A rAjapUtanI cAra tene vikAsa tarIke prajAe oLakhAvA mAMDyA zAkhAmAMnI traNa zAkhA uttara hiMdamAM rahI temaNe ane kSati hatA tathA pUrvakALe zaka prajAnA trAsa mAlavasaMvatane satkAryo rAkhyo hato jyAre dakSiNa bhAratamAM mAMthI avaMtinI vasatIne mukti cothI zAkhA je cAlukya gaI teNe te pradezamAM apAvanAranuM nAma je vikramAditya hatuM te uparathI tene vaparAtA "zakasaMvata" ne grahaNa karye rAkhyo hato. jema zakAri vikramAditya'nuM birUda arpaNa karyuM hatuM, tema zakAri vikramAdityanA vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA A samaye kUNu prajAnA upadravamAMthI mukti apAvanAra jeke avaMtimAMja thaI che ane amuka vakhata sudhI A paramAravaMzI yazodharmanane "hUNari vikramAditya'nuM eTale ke i. sa. 150 sudhI=baso varSa sudhI birUda temaNe lagADavA mADayuM-are kahe ke joDI dIdhuM. lagabhaga cA paNa che; paraMtu te bAda ca9NavaMzI vaLI zakAri vikramAdityanA nAma uparathI jema vikrama kSatrapa avaMtipati thatAM temaNe potAne ja zaka, gatimAM saMvatsaranI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI hatI tema A mUkayo hato jene ApaNe "cakaNasaMvata 12 tarIke mAlavapatinA nAma uparathI mAlavasaMvatanI yojanA oLakhAvIzuM. temanA vaMzanI samApti thatAM, I. sa. ghaDI kADhavAmAM AvI. matalaba ke lagabhaga chaso varasa 319mAM avaMtipati tarIke guptavaMza rAjapade Avyo (6) uparanI TIka naM. 2 juo. sthApanA zI rIte thaI che te hakIkta mATe A parika () A badhI hakIkatanA varNana mATe gabhIlavaMzanuM AgaLa upara juo). varNana juo. (11) sAmAnya rIte sarva vidvAno ca9NavaMzI zakanI (8) A uparathI samajAya che ke, caulaya rAjapUtane Adi I. sa. 78mAM gaNe che. jyAre mArI gaNatrI tenAthI je agnikaliya rAjatenI cAra zAkhAmAMnA eka tarIke nadIja paDI che; jethI meM ahIM I. sa. 150 aMdAje gaNAvye javAya che te barAbara nahIM hoya (juo 5, 3, mUkI che. jenI nizcita sAla mATe pu. 4mAM cajhaNavaMzanI 5. 390 ane AgaLa) vaLI juo nIcenI TI. naM. 9, hakIkata juo. (9) A zabdathI siddha thAya che ke tyAM zaka saMvatsara (12) A nAma meM mArA taraphathI ApyuM che. kAraNa ke kayArano vaparAzamAM hato ja; ane kadAca ema paNa mAnI tene samaya, zakasaMvatathI bhinna che. (juo uparanI TIkA rAkAya ke caulukyu rAjapUte paNa tyAM kayAranA sthAyI thaI naM. 10 ane 11) eTale tenAthI te judo paDe tathA - cUkayA hoya. LakhI zakAya te mATe tenA sthApaka uparathI A nAma (10) ja, ba. bra. je. e. so. pu. 14, pR. 22 ApavuM durasta vicAryuM che. tathA gaNapata kRSNAjIe raceluM zaka 1800 nuM paMcAMga pR. (13) ava tinA itihAsane saMkalita karanArA judA 2 juetemaNe 135 varSa jaNAvyA che. evI gaNatrIthI judA rAjavIonI saMkSipta samAcatA A khaMDanA aMtamAM ke A thagNu kSatrapae ja te rAkasaMvata pravartAvela che ane ApavAnI che tyAM A prakaraNa kAMIka vistAranI samAnava temanI Adi I. sa. 78mAM thai che. (paNa zakasaMvatanI vAmAM Avaze,

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92 mAlava saMvatanAM [ aSTama khaMDa hato. temaNe vaLI potAno ja zaka athavA saMvata calAvyo che. pariNAme viTha6 varganI muMjhavaNane viSaya banI hato, jene itihAsavidoe "guptasaMvata'nA nAmathI rahyo che. oLakhAvyo che.kALe karIne te vaMzane rAja amala khatama eka bAju, upara jaNAvyA pramANe vidvAnonI thatA temaja te pUrve thoDAMka varSe, eTale ke I.sa.nI pAMcamI muzkelI ubhI thaI che-jo ke tenA mULa sthApakane te sadInA aMtamAM tathA chaThThI sadInA prathamanA cAramAMnA bhaviSyamAM ubhI thanArI muzkelIne khyAla paNa zeneja prathama caraNanA samaye, avaMtinA tathA AsapAsanA heya? -paraMtu bIjI bAju temanA zAsana taLe rahelI pradeza upara hUNa prajAnI sattA jAmavA pAmI hatI. janatAne ema lAgyuM hoya ke old is gold=je paraMtu teo barAbara sthira thaIne dIrdhAyu bhogavavA jUnuM che te senA samAna che; vaLI uttara hiMdamAMnI sAmarthyavAna thAya te pahelAM te, uparamAM jaNAvyA rAjapUtanI traNe zAkhAnA rAjavIone paNa kadAca pramANe agniliya kSatriya-rAjapUtae tene saMhAra manamAM ema ugyuM hoya ke, zAmATe ekalA mAlavavALI nAMkhyo hato. ane paramAra jAtiya yazodharmana1 patino ja saMvata cAle ane amArA nahI? jema dUNa rAjAe avaMtipati tarIke rAjalagAma grahaNa karI hatI. prajAne harAvavAmAM mAlavapatinA pUrvajoe bhAga uparAMta tenA pUrvaje paradezI prajAnI dhUMsarImAMthI lIdho hato tema amArA vaDavAoe paNa temAM banatI dezane choDAvIne pitAnuM nAma saMvatsara je calAvyo sahAya ApIne potAne hisso pUrAvyo haze ja; te pachI hatuM, paraMtu jene prAraMbha thayA bAda uparamAM nirdeza karyA amAre paNa amAre rAvata calAvavo joie ja. A pramANe bhinnabhinna jAtinA rAjakartAoe, potapotAnA pramANe kheMcAkhaca thatI aTakAvavA tathA temanA bhAgalA saMvatsarI calAvela hevAthI je atyAre tadana luptaprAya paDI jaI teo sarve durbaLa ke nabaLA paDI na jAye15 banI gayo hato, tene sajIvana karavA IcachA thaI te hetuthI, traNe zAkhAnA rAjavIo ekaThA thayA hoya hatI. paraMtu A samayathI kSatriAmAM vagaukaraNa karavAnI te banavA yogya che (ane ema anumAna paNa karI je paddhati ubhI thavA pAmI hatI ane pitAne kSatriya zakAya che ke A pramANe banavuM kAMI anucita nahetuM ja) ne badale rAjapUtra tarIke oLakhAvavA maMDayA hatA ane te sarve muzkelIne ema nIkAla A dekhAya tene anulakSIne temane svamAna jALavavAnI phuraNA che ke. mAlava saMvatanuM nAma paDatuM mUkavuM ane mULa paNa sAthe sAthe thaI AvI hatI ema samajAya che. avaMtipatino je vikramasaMvata cAlyo Avato hato jenA pariNAme temaNe, temanAmAMnI mukhya zAkhAnA tene punaroddhAra karavo. AvuM mahata kArya keNa karI rAjapradeza-mAlavA prAMta-uparathI, mAlavasaMvata nAme zake? uttara eTaleja maLI zake che, je rAjavI DAhyo, eka jude ane svataMtra ja zaka pravartAvya lAge che. vidyApremI, prajApriya, raNavIra temaja dharmavIra ane A pramANe ekaja pradezamAMthI, temaja lagabhaga ekaja vyavahArane oLakhanAra heya teja. eka kALe traNe AzayanA saMsmaraNa tarIke ane ekaja nAma tathA zAkhAnI gAdI upara AvA guNa dharAvatA rAjavIo guNa dharAvatA rAjavIe, pita pitAnA saMvate ubhA rAkhyAsane Ave te suyoga te zI rIte ja bane? karyA dekhAya che. ane tethI karIne ja eka saMvatanA A sumeLa saMdhAva ke te prasaMga sAMpaDavAnI samaya sAthe, bIjAnA saMvatanuM mizraNa thaI gayela dekhAya sAphalyatA thAya te sthiti ApaNu manuSyanI kalpanAmAM te (14) jene dharmaja yaza prAptino che, tevo rAjA: A (15) A sthiti mAlavasaMvatanI sthApanA thayA bAda nAma guNaniSpanna hoya ema jaNAya che. A rAjAnA samaya baso aDhIso varSe musalamAnonA humalAo thavA mAMDayA mATe tathA tenA vaMzanA rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI mATe pu. 1, hatA te vakhate ubhI thavA pAmI haze ema saMbhavita 5. 187 jI. dekhAya che(sarakhA nIcenI TIkA naM. 17)

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dvitIya paricheda ]. utpatti, vikAsa ItyAdi durdhaTa ane viSamaja lAge che. chatAM kudarata icche che bhojadeva pratihArI gvAliyara pati8 hato. A banne te ghaDIvAramAM tevuM banAvI zake che ema ApaNe bhojade eka sarakhA vidyApremI, dAnezvarI tathA sarva sarvane vyavahAramAM ghaNI vakhata anubhava maLyo paNa saguNI hatA; vaLI temaNe dezaparadezanA vidvAnane che. tevAja aNadhAryA be suyoga A rAjapUta kuLa- pitAnA rAjadarabAre bolAvI, sanmAnyA che tathA dIpakanA bAbamAM banyA hatA ema samajAya che. ekane keTalAkane te hamezane mATe Azraya ApI itihAsamAM samaya 7 i.sa.750 tathA bIjAno I.sa.875nI Asa- suvarNAkSare pitAnAM nAmo aMkita karyA dekhAya che. te pAsa nodhI zakAze. prathama suga prApta thayo tyAre samaye cauhANuvaMzI kaye rAjaputra-kuLadIpaka ajamerano rAjavIone parAkramI ane sadaguNa ja hatA. paNa temanAM gAdIpati hate? te huM jANatA nathI. paNa ka9pI zakAya jIvana caritra vize taddana aMdhakAraja prasarela hevAthI che ke te paNa zANeja rAjavI haze ane kadAca temanA vize eka zabda uccAravA jeTaluM paNa adhikAra uparanA be jevo te vidyApremI na hoya ke jamAnAnI ApaNane raheto nathI. paNa dvitIya prasaMge avaMtinI pragatino izka kAMIka oche aMze heya, to paNa gAdIe bhojadeva paramAra urphe zilAditya u pratApazIla pitAnA be moTA pitrAIo je bAbatamAM sahamata hate; ane lagabhaga te ja samaye te ja nAmadhArI thaI gayA, tyAM pitAne virodha ke vAMdhI nirarthaka (16) A kathananI khAtrI (pu. 1, pR. 187nA TIpa- I. e. nA teja 19 mA pustakamAM pR. 35 upara ema NamAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI ane temane samasamayI banAvIne paNa noMdha dekhAya che ke kAThiyAvADanA eka lekhamAM vi. saM. je rIte chapAvavAmAM AvI che te uparathI samajAze, ke je samaye 794 I. sa. 738nI sAla dekhAya che. te uparamAM pR. 78 paramAravaMzI (5) devazakti avaMtipati hatA te ja samaye, TI. naM. 55 juo). parIhAravaMzI yazovarmana gvAlicarapati hatA. temaja je (18) A pratihAravaMzI bhajadeva kharI rIte vAsamaye (9) mo paramAravaMzI bhAjadeva hato te ja samaye licarapatija hatA paraMtu vidvAne tene kanejipati tarIke. gvAliyarapati paNa teja nAmadhArI eka bhAjadeva hato. oLakhAvya gayA che. kharI ghaTanA nIce pramANe banelI che. A avaMtipatinI ane gvAliyarapatinI be mukhya parihAravaMzI samrATa harSavardhana, je ItihAsa prasiddha zAkhA gaNAya che. ane temAMthIja uparanA ane samaye che temanI gAdI kAjamAM hatI; tene eka mATe bhAI tathA zANA rAjavIo rAjapade hatA. eka bahena hatI. A baMne bhAIo aputriyA maraNa uparanA ane samaya bAdaja mAla vasaMvatane badale vi. pAmavAthI temanI gAdI temanI bahenane gaI hatI. A masaMvatanI vaparAza pAchI sthApita thavA pAmI che. tenAM bahenane gvAliyaranA pratihAravaMzI gRharmana vere paraNAvelI date AgaLa upara juo. hatI. eTale A gRhavanane vaMza je maukharI rAjapUtone (1) A samaya bAdaja zilAlekhAmAM vikrama saMvata kahevAto hato tenI sattAmAM kanejinuM rAjya AvyuM hatuM. vaparAyo hovAnuM vidhAnAnI naNumAM AvyuM che. Aka- ahIM je pratihArI bhejadevanuM nAma meM jaNAvyuM che te lochala rIporTa. pu. 2. pR. 68mAM jaNAvyA pramANe vikrama uparanA gRharmanane cothI-pAMcamI peDhIe vaMzaja che. saMvatsarano ullekha vahelAmAM vahele I. sa. 754nA (juo pu. 1, pR. 187nI vaMzAvaLI: paNa pratihAra ane (vi. saM. 811) eka zilAlekhamAM thayo dekhAya che. jyAre parihAra vaMza e bane nAmo eka sarakhAM, tema banne rAjanAM teja graMthanA pR. 26-18mAM jaNAvyA pramANe tevI sthiti nAmo bhAjadeva paNa eka sarakhAM, uparAMta te banneno samaya vi. saM. 826=I. sa. 69mAM thavA pAmI hovAnuM jaNA- paNa eka ja, eTale vidvAnoe anya hakIkatanI gerahAjarImAM vAyuM che; jyAre bhA. prA. rAjavaMza pu. 2, pR. 386 ane bannene ekaja mAnI lIdhA che. inDiana enTIkarI pu. 19, pR. 35 (juo dhaulapura (19) A kAraNane lIdhe paNa vidAnee bhUlo khAdhI che mahAsenA cahaNanA samayano lekha)mAM lIdhela noMdha pramANe ane gvAliyarapatinAM keTalAMka kAryo paramAravaMzI avaMtipatinAM tevA samaya vi. saM. 87=I. sa. 840 no che; tyAre ane paramAranAM kAryo pratihArI tarIkenAM gaNAvI kADhayAM che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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94 javAne; mATe rAjI khuzIthI saMmata thaI javuMte lAbhaprada gaNAze ema vicArI te paNa saMmata thaI gayA heya. A pramANe traNe jaNAe ekaThA maLI vikramasaMvata 20 cAlu karI dIdhA hAvA joie. Ama zarUAta thayA pachI paNa, the|DA samaya sudhI teA jUnA saMvata-mAlava saMvata-bhUlacUkathI vaparAI gayA. kadAca dekhAtA haze ( evuM te A vartamAna kALe paNa kayAM nathI banatuM dekhAtuM ? jemake, sTAnDarDaTAima jyAre prathamaprathama zarU thayA tyAre teA jUnA ane navA TAima, ema geTALe caDI jatA hatA; je ApaNane jANItI vAta che. ) paNa pachI thADA kALa gaye, navA saMvatanI vaparAza thatAM ane tema karavAnI dhATI khesI jatAM, mULaneA je vikramasaMvatsara hatA tenIja vaparAza sarvathA cAlu thaI gaI che; je prathA adyApi paryaMta cAlu ja AvI che. paNa zaka zabdanA vikrama saMvatasaranI ane mAlava saMvatsaranI utpatti, khIlavaTa, temaja vacce amuka samaya paryaMta ekaneA abhAva ane khIjAnI vizeSatA, ema je khanatuM 1 dekhAyuM che, te sarvanA ukela mArI samajamAM te upara pramANe AvyA che ane te pramANe meM raju karyA che. A viSaya paratve vidvAnA potAnA vicArA jAhera karaze evI vinaMti che. [tA. ke. vikramasaMvataneA vaparAza amuka varSa sudhI cAlIne je baMdha thayA che ane navamI dazamI sadImAM tenuM je punarzana thayuM che te viSe keTalAka vidvAne ema paNa dhAre che ke, mAlava saMvata ane vikrama saMvata ekaja hera2 ane tethI evI kalpanA goThavI kADhI che ke " pUrve hI yaha (mAlava) saMvatabhI pahele, vikramake nAmase poMhacAnA jAtA heAgA, para likhaneme kevala (20) AnAM dRSTAMtA mATe uparanI TI. naM. 17 tathA pR. 79 TI. naM. 55 jIe, (21) ja, khAM. che. raoN. e. se. pu. 9, pR. 145, The Vikrama Samvat does not, strange to say, appear to have been adopted till after the loth century=hetAM Atha thAya che ke, dasamI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ azruma kheDa ' saMvata ' likhA jAtA heAgA; Ara jabase zakasaMvata, gupta saMvata, Adi aneka sevAnA apane vizeSa nAmAM ke sAtha le liyA haiAgA, takhase isa mAlava saMvatanelI mAlavA ke prasiddha rAjA vikramAdityakA nAma Apane sAtha le liyA hAgA 27 eTale ke A lekhaka mahAzaya evI mAnyatA dharAvatA jaNAya che ke vikrama saMvata tA dhaNA prAcIna kALathI cAlyuM AvatA hAvA joie paNa tenI sAthe kevaLa 'saMvata' zabdaja lakhAte heAvAthI, jyArathI anya saMvate vaparAtA thayA ane te sarvene oLakhAvanArAM vizeSaNA, jevAM ke kSaNurATa, zaka, gupta, Adi lagADavAmAM AvyAM tyArathIja, mULathI vaparAtA vikramasaMvatane paNa 'mAlava' zabda joDavAmAM AvyA saMbhave che; kAraNa ke A saMvatane sthApaka vikramAditya te ' mAlavapati 'ja hatA. A pramANe temane dalIla karavAnuM kAraNa eja che ke temaNe vikramasaMvata ane mAlava saMvatane ekaja gaNyA che. jayAre vAstavamAM te te banne judAja che ane judAja samaye tathA judIja vyaktioe te pravartAvyA che. te sadhaLuM vRttAMtta have ApaNe samajatA thaI gayA chIe eTale te banne saMvatsarAnA pravartakA ekaja vyakti haivAnuM maMtavya ApaNane asvIkArya thaI paDe che. vaLI khIjI rIte paNa temanI mAnyatA khATI TharAvI zakAya tema che. temanuM dhAravuM ema thayuM che ke, anya saMvatsarAne jema vizeSaNeA lagADavAmAM AvyAM che tema A vikramasaMvatane paNa, tenA sthApaka mAlavA dezane prajApati hAvAthI 'mAlava' nAmanuM vizeSaNa joDavAmAM AvyuM che. te pachI prazna e udbhave che ke, jema te mAlavapati-eTale avaMtiti thayA che tema te kSaharATa, ane gupta prajAe I. paNa atipati banyA sadI pUrI thai tyAM sudhI vikrama saMvatanA upayAga karavAnuM pasaMdagI pAmyuM nahatuM. (purAvAmAM uparanI DhI. na. 17 jIe, tathA pR. 12 mAMnI TI. na. 9 sAthe sarakhAveA) (22) jIe i. e. pu. 19, pR. 316, (23) nA. pra. sabhA patrikA pu. 10, bhAga 4, 1. 736 TI, na, 108, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] che; tyAre eka avaMtipatie 'guptasaMvata' khIjAe 'kSahAra saMvata' trIjAe ' vikrama saMvata ' ceAthAe 'mAlava saMvata' tyAre vaLI pAMcamAe' Nu saMvata ' ema bhinnabhinna nAma ApI vividha racanA zA mATe karI? jo sarve ekaja pradezanA-mAlava dezanA-svAmI hatA tA te sarvae ekaja saMvatane mAnya rAkhavA hatA. temaja bhAvAtha vigere jo te sarve ekaja lakSaNavALA heta, te te saMvatsarAne ane kALagaNanAne samaya paNa ekaja rAkhyA hAta. te pramANe vastusthiti te najare dekhAtI nathI. matalakha ke, temaNe ubhAM karelAM anumAne! kevaLa kAlpanika ja che. khAkI dareka saMvata ravayaM ekabIjAthI bhinna ane svataMtra che tathA ApaNe sUcavI gayA pramANe ja temanA bhava vigere vastusthiti haze ema pratita thAya che] A pramANe 'mAlava saMvata'nI vicAraNA pUrI thaI. have tevIja aTapaTI dharAvanAra je bIjo saMvatsara zaka' che te vize vicArIe. (A) zaka saMvata uparamAM tA mAtra ekaja kAraNa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke mAlavasaMvatanI peThe zaka saMvata paNa aTapaTI dharAvanAra hAvAthI tenI vicAraNA karavI Avazyaka lage che. uparAMta anya viziSTa kAraNeA paNa dekhAyAM che. eka aa svataMtra 'saMvata' tarIkeja te udbhavyeA che. taduparAMta pahelAnA-mAlava saMvatanA-karatAM te ati ma|TuM AyuSya bhAgavatA adyApI paryaMta meAjuda rahyo che. vaLI tene zabdoccAra24 Akasmika saMjoge maLavAthI evA prakAranA banI gayA che ke, je vikrama saMvatsaranI carcA mukhyapaNe ApaNA viSaya banI rahyo che tenA upara tenuM AkramaNa AvI paDe che; uparAMta ApaNI vivecananI samaya maryAdAmAM na heAvA chatAM tenI aMdara dhasaDAI AvInepa eka svataMtra saMvatsara kema jANe pote na heAya tema 'zaka saMvata'nA nAmathI (24) 'zaka'zabdanA artha zuM hAi zake te mATe AgaLa vivecana karavAmAM AvyuM che te jIe. eTale A TIkA karavAnA atha samajI javAze. (25) tene a` kAika ThekANe 'vikrama saMvata thaI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 1 praveza karI jAya che. 'zaka saMvata' evA zabdonA jyAM jyAM prayAga thayela vAMcavAmAM AvyA che tyAM tyAM sarve vidvAne e tene bhAvArtha 'zaka nAmanA savazaka zabdanA artha bhara' hAvAneAja karyAM dekhAya che, eTale je bhAvArthamAM te zabdavALA dAnapatramAM tenA dAtAe ke lekhake kAtaranAre) je 'zaka saMvata'ne upayAga karyA che tene meLa khAya nahIM te dekhItuM - ja che ane meLa na khAya eTale vidvAnee sva kappAnusAra te mATenI darla leA UbhI karI vALa che. A viSamatAnA ukela karavA mATe prathama ApaNe " zaka saMvata'' zabdanA bhAvArtha kayA kayA hAI zake te vicArI levA rahe che te nIce pramANe jANavA. (1) zaka=saMvata, ( The Epoch ); evA sAmAnya arthamAM vaparAya che paNa zaka nAmanA ja tene savatsara kahevA evA vizeSa nAmadarzaka saMvatanA nAma mATe nahIM. eTale ke it is used to denote "The Epoch, or the year, or the Era, in general but not the particular "Saka Era itself : jemake .. 26. "yudhiSThiro, vikrama, zAlivAhanau tatI nRpaH syAdvijayAbhinaMdanaH / tatastu nAgArjuna bhUpati: kalau kalkI SaDete zakakArakAH smRtAH // In the Kali age, come Yudhisthir, Vikram and Shalivahan; afterwards will be the king Vijayabhinandan; then the king Nagarjun and the sixth Kalki. These six are stated to be the makers of Sakas or Eras=slet yugamAM, yudhiSThara, vikrama ane zAlivAhana thaze; te jAya che ane tethI guMcavADA ubhA thaI jAya che. te lakSaNa sUcavavA mATeja A zabdo vAparavA paDayA che (tenAM dRSTAMta mATe AgaLa upara juo). (26) jue. ja, khAM, che. ra. e. sA. pu. 10 pR.28 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rAka rASTranA [ Ama kheDa bAda vijayAbhinaMdana rAjA thaze; pachI rAjA nAgA- 1353nI sAla Ave che, tenA karatAM vizeSa spaSTa anna ane chaThTho kalI. A chae zaka athavA bIjI nivedana hoI zake nahIM. chatAM e paNa tadana saMvatanA pravartaka gaNAze. A pramANenA arthamAM te satyaja che ke "ka" zabda te " zakasaMvata"nA zabda vaparAyAnA aneka daSTAMto ApaNane maLI paNa bhAvArthamAM vaparAya thIja, kemake citrabhAnu te bRhaspati Ave che. jemAMnAM keTalAMka pR. 82 upara TI.. 0ramAM nakSatranA cakramAMnuM soLamuM varSa che ane te vikrama saMvata ApaNe ApyA 5Na che. 1276mAMja AveluM che."eTale ke A prastuta 1275nA (2) " zaka" zabda lakhyA chatAM "vikrama AMkane, zakasaMvatsarano AMka levo joIe ema pite saMvata"nA arthamAM paNa te zabda vAparavAmAM Ave jaNAve che. vaLI potAnI mAnyatAnuM samarthana karatAM che. tenuM daSTAMta ApatAM sara kaniMgahAma jaNAve teo sAheba teja pustakamAM teja pRSTha TI. naM. 21mAM daSTAMta Ape che ke, "I have since found an "In the Saka year twelve hundred inscription dated in " Vikrama Saka "= and seventy five called Chitrabhanu, " vikramazaka" evA zabdamAM samaya dazAvatA eka in the light fortnight of Margashirsha, zilAlekha mane te pachI maLI Avyo che. A its fifth day and Saturday=citrabhAnu sarva kathanathI spaSTa samajAya che ke, ahIM "zaka' zabda nAmanA 1275nA zaka saMvatanA varSe mArgazIrSanA je che te zakasaMvatanA arthamAM vaparAyo nathI paNa zukala pakSe, paMcamInA divase ane zanivAre" A "vikramazaka" eTale vikrama saMvata'nA arthamAM vAparavAmAM pramANe lekhanA mULa zabdo che. AmAM " zaka saMvata" Avyo che. tevA spaSTa zabda hovAne lIdhe aneka vidvAnoe teno (3) zaka zAlivAhana zAlivAhana rAjAne zaka artha zaka saMvatsara karIne 1275 zaka=I. sa. 1353 athavA saMvata; eTale ke The Era founded (1275+78=1353)ne varSane citrabhAnu nAma levAnuM by the king named Salivahan=zAlivAhana jAhera karyuM che. paNa teonA matathI bhinna paDatAM pote nAmanA rAjAe pravartAvela saMvata; or it is used jaNAve che ke " Nothing can apparently shortly as Saka so and so=athavA tene be clearer than this date which corres- TUMkamAM ema paNa jaNAvAya che ke, zaka saMvata phalANe ponds to A. D. 1353 and yet it is phalANo; daSTAMtamAM jaNAvIzuM ke29 That the absolutly certain that the word Saka dates of the Western Kshatrapas are cannot be intended for Saka Era, as actually recorded in the years of the the name of Chitrabhanu, which is Saka Era beginning in 78 A. D. There the 16th year of the Jovian Cycle, can be no possible doubt=4191761141914101 corresponds exactly with 1273 Vikra- je samayanI noMdha karI che te kharekhara zaka saMvatanA maditya=A samaya jenI gaNatrI karatAM I. sa. varSomAMja karI che. ane tenI Adi I. sa. 78 thI (27) juo. sara kaniMgahAmakRta, buka epha enTAnTa ApaNe carcavAnAM chIe te juo. IrAjha pR. 21 tathA beMgela eziyATika sosAITInA jara- (29) juo ke. A. re. prastAvanA pAri. 83; ja. nala naM. 28 pR. 4,5 (Da. haila) re. e. sa. 1899 pR. 365. (28) "zaka zAlIvAhana" nAmane prayoga vyAjabI che (30) pazcimanA kSatrapAe je zaka calAvyo che tenI ke kema, tathA tenAM kAraNa vigere AgaLa upara pu. 5mAM Adi I. sa. 78 thI vidvAnoe mAnI che. paNa te tema

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dvitIya paricheda ] bhAvArtha vigere thAya che. te viSe kaI paNa jAtane zaka uThAvI zakAya karatA hovAnuM manAyuM che, tenuM nAma jema sAdhAraNa rIte tema nathI." dhAravAmAM Ave che ke tenA mULa sthApaka zaka rAja (4) "zaka saMvata" eTale zaka prajAe calAvelo hatuM tethI tene zaka saMvata kahevAya; ema bhale na saMvata athavA zaka prajAne je mAnya hato te saMvata- banyuM hoya, chatAM eTaluM te satya che ja, ke A zaka "It may mean, the Era of the Saka rAjAoe ghaNo lAMbA kALa uttara hiMdamAM tene vApa nation themselves, or the Era used rAkhyo hato, tethI te nAma paDI gayuM hoya". eTale by the nation who call themselves temanA kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, ca9Na kSatrapavALI sakas. e. p. "But whatever their prajAne zaka kahevAI che ane tethIja, temaNe je zaka nationality may have been, it seems saMvatane upayoga karyo che, tenuM nAma zakasaMvata che. extremly probable that in later times, A zakasaMvatanA artha be rIte thaI zake che. eka to they western kshatrapas) are actually zakarAjAe sthApela saMvata ane bIjo artha. zaka called "Sakas" and it may be sug prajAe ghaNe lAMbo kALa je saMvatano vaparAza karyo gested that the name which was gene rAkhyo hato tevo saMvata. A be arthamAMthI bIje rally accepted at a later date for the vadhAre saMbhavita hoya ema temanuM maMtavya thatuM jAya era used by them, may not have been che. game te arthamAM ghaTAve paraMtu tene zaka prajAnI derived from the fact that it was sAthe saMbaMdha che ema kahevAno matalaba che. originally founded by a Saka king, (5) "zaka-nRpa-kAla' e zabda paNa vAMcaas is generally assumed but from the vAmAM Ave che. te A zabdane pacheda karatAM temAM fact that, it became best known in kyA kayA artha samajI zakAya tema che te tapAsavAnI northern India, as the era which - jarUra che. temAM traNa zabdano samAsa thaye dekhAya was used for so long a period by these che. eTale traNa artha sAmAnya rIte temAMthI nIpajAvI Saka kings (saka-Nrupa-kala )= zakAze; (a) zakatRpa-kola (ba) zaka-tRpakAla (3) teo game te jAtanI prajA heya, chatAM eTaluM ane zaka-tRpa-kolaH te traNe zabda eka pachI eka savasA cokkasa ja che ke, teo (ca9NavaMzI kSatrapa)ne laIe. temAMne (a) prathama zakatRpa-kAla; eTale ke AgaLa jatAM zaka tarIkeja 32 kharekhara rIte oLa- zaka prajAno je rAjA che tene saMvata; pachI te rAjA khavAmAM AvyA che. ane (tethI) ema sUcana karI pote zaka hoya ke na paNa hoya. vadhAre saMbhavita zakAze, ke je zakane teo sAmAnya rIte upayoga ema dekhAya che ke te pote zaka jAtino nahato ja nathI, tenI carcA A pustakamAM navamA khAte karavAmAM nahapANanA vRttAMte)paNa vizeSa adhikAra AgaLa upara caSaNanI Avaze. ahInA rAka zabda te saMvatsaranA bhAvArthamAM hakIkate lakhavAmAM Avaze. chatAM ane zaka tarIke vaparAya che eTaluM batAvavA puratuM ja A daSTAMta che ane vidvAnone kathana je meM aMgIkAra karyuM che te eTalA mATe ke te satya che ema samajavAnuM che. ahIM te saghaLA rAjAonI jAti vizenI carcA karAtI (31) jue ke, A. re. pAri. 84. nathI tethI ja ahIM to "zakatRpakALa' zabdanI ja carcA (32) A caSaNakSatrapone vidvAnoe zaka tarIke oLa- thAya che mATe aMgIkAra karavAmAM kAMija pheraphAra thai khAvyA che. paNa kharI rIte teo zaka nathI ja. tene ApaNe jato nathI. 5. 3mAM avAra navAra ullekha karI gayA chIe (juo (33) upara DhAMkeluMja vAkya juo.. 13 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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98 =the king of the Saka nation; mean ing he is the king of the Saka people but it does not ensessary follow that he himself is a Saka; rather it clearly denotes that he himself was not a Salka; ane kAla=time. eTale AkhAye samAsanA artha e thaze ke, During the time of the king, who ruled over the Sakas = zaka prajA upara je rAjAnuM rAjya sthApita thayuM hatuM tevA rAjAnA rAjya amale-i. I. (ba) zaka-nRpakAla temAM zaka te rAjAnuM vizeSaNuja che. eTale je rAjA Ateja zaka jAtinA hatA tenA rAjya amale evA artha tho=it means, he himself was a Salka; paNa je prajA upara tenuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM, te prA zaka DrAya vA na paNuM hAya. balke naDDAtI evAja bhAvArtha nIkaLI zake che=but it is not necessary that the subjects, over whom he ruled, were also the Sakas and not others; or probably they were not the Sakas. (3) zaka-nRpa-kAla H temAM zazna=saMvata the Year; nRpa = rAjA the King ane kAla= samaya the reign, eTale te AkhA samAsane arthe ema karI zakAya ke te rAjAnA rAjya amalanA amuka varSe- AvA bhAvArthavALA tharo=in so many years of the king's reign athavA sAmAnya rIte ItihAsamAM je ema jaNAvavAmAM Ave che ke, te rAjAnA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA bAda amuka varSe=or what we generally find mentioned as, in so many years after his coronation. A pramANe A zabdanA chUTAchUTA bhAga pADIne vividha rIte gAThavavAthI traNa prakAranA vividha artha thaI zake che. tenA sthApaka uparanA sarva kathanane TUMkamAM guMthIe tA 'zaka' zabdanA A pramANe artha thayA kahI zakAze (1) zaka nAmane saMvatsara [jIe! naM. 3]. (2) zaka nAmanI mAkhI prajA [jIe| naM. 4 tathA naM. 5 (a) ]. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aSTama khaMDa (3) pAte jAteja zaka heAi zake [jIe naM. 5 (kha) ]. (4) zaka eTale sAmAnya rIte kAI paNa saMvata [jIe naM. 1]. (pa) mAtra 'varSa'nA bhAvArthamAM [jIe naM. 5 (ka)] ane (6) kavacit vikrama saMvata jevA arthamAM [jIeA. naM. 2]. upara pramANe zaka zabdanA jyAre cha cha jeTalA artha nIkaLI zake che, tyAre te zabda lakhavAmAM lekhakane zuM Azaya rahelA heAvA joIe te barAbara rIte samajavAmAM keTalI muMjhavaNu thavAnA tathA tene lIdhe bhUla khAi javAnA temaja bhAvArtha samajavAmAM kavA anartha thaI javAnA saMbhava che tene ApaNane sahaja khyAla AvI zake che. ATale darajje tenA arthe vicAryA pachI have tenI sthApanAnA viSaya hAtha dharIe. tenA be bhAga pADI zakAze. eka teteA kartA ane bIjo tene samaya. prathama ApaNe tenA kartA=sthApaka vize vicAra karI laie. pachI samayane muddo vIcArIzuM. upara jaNAvela cha arthe uparathI tenA sthApaka vize kAMi khyAla bAMdhI zakAya tema che ke kema te muddo NI laie. chamAM naM. 2 ane 3, zaka nAmanI prajA ane tenA rAjA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. naM. 1 ane naM. 4 kAi viziSTa ke sAmAnya saMvata sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe che. jyAre naM. 5 mAtra varSa sUcaka ja zabda che ane naM. 6 vikrama saMvatane sthAne vaparAtA zabda che. naM. 6 bAbatamAM te| ApaNe atre kAMi vicAravAnuM rahetuM ja nathI kemake te gata paricchede vistArathI carcI lIdhA che. tema naM. 5 te sparze karavA nirUpayeAgI che. te khe khAda thavAthI prathamanA cAra arcanIja tapAsa karavI rahe che. temAMthI naM 2 ane 3 nA arthe, zaka jAtanI prajA ane rAjA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA jaNAvyA che. tenA vicAra karavA kAMIka sUtara che. kemake pu. 3 mAM hiMda upara caDI AvelA je paradezI AkramaNakArInuM varNana ApaNe karI gayA chIe, temAM zaka nAmanI eka prajA paNa hatI eTale tenI khAtrIpUrvaka mAhitI ApaNane prApta tenA sthApaka koNa hoi zake? www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] ke heI zake? thaI gaI che, jethI tenI vicAraNA nizakapaNe karI hakIkata upara daSTipAta karI laIe. zakAya tema che. temanA vRttAMte sAbita karI gayA I. sa. pU. bAda ane A pustakanA samayanI chIe ke, temanA be vibhAga pADI zakAya tema che. maryAdAnI vaccenA kALamAM, prathamamAM je kAI zaka eka zaka, ane bIjo hiMdIzake. temAMye zaka prajAnuM ke tevI paradezI prAna rAjasattA upara AvavA pAmI rAjya mAtra 7-ga varSa 14 cAlyuM che ane hiMdI- heya, te temAM ApaNe kuzanavaMza ane caNavaMzazakaprajAnuM 22 varSa cAlyuM che. eTale AvA TUMka vALA ja lekhAvI zakAya tema che. A banne rAjavaMzanAM samaya sudhI rAja karI gayelI prajA ke temano koI rAjA vRttAMto ApaNe je giLa ApavAnA chIe; eTale kAMI evA prabhAvavaMtA hoI na zake, ke jethI tene atre to mAtra eTaluM ja jaNAvI daIzuM ke te bemAMthI saMvatsara sthApana thayuM hoya, temaja temanA samaya bAda koIne paNa zaka tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya tema nathI. paNa ghaNo ghaNo lAMbo kALa cAlato rahyo hoya. chatAM keTalAka vidvAnoe, saharATa ane I-pAthaeTale te arthavALI sthitine paNa ApaNe vajI devIja ansamAMnA zAsakone jema zaka mAnI lIdhA che, tema rahe che. chatAM eka hakIkatane paNa ApaNe khyAlamAM A be vaMzanA rAjakartAone paNa zaka mAnI lIdhA che. levI ghaTe che, ke AgaLa varNavAI gayelA zake ane eTale bIjI hakIkatane vicAra paNa ApaNe kare hiMdI zakane samaya mAtra I. sa. pU. nA samayano che. rahe che. A sarva bhUla bharelA khyAlanA nirasananI paNu kAi zakaprajA te bAda kAM thavA na pAmI heya vicAraNuM prathama karI levI paDaze. te mATe bhinnabhinna ane temaNe potAnA nAme zaka calAvyo hoya ? vaLI vidvAnonA maMtavya tapAsI javAM paDaze. eka bIjI bInA dhyAnamAM levI rahI jAya che. pu. I. e. nA pu. 37 mAM pR. 33 upara sarva 3 mAM je paradezIone ApaNe kSaharATa prajAnA sAmAnya mata evo raju karAyo che ke "Prof. zAsake-jevAke bhUmaka, nahapANa, rAjulula, soDASa, Oldenburg put forth the statement lIeka ane pAtika-tathA InDopAtha ane prajAnA that Kanishlka founded the Saka Era rAjakartAo-jevAke mejhIjha, ajhIjha pahele, ajhI- and this theory has been generally lIjha, ajhIjha bIja ane gAMDaphArane -lekhAvyA che accepted by the majority of Oriental che temane aneka itihAsakAroe zaka tarIke gaNI scholars= kaniSka zakasaMvata sthApyo hato tevI lIdhA che. te tevI gaNatrI paNa najara bahAra javA kalpanA kaeN. olDanabarge raju karI hatI ane tene devAnI jarUra nathI. kemake, teoe pitA pAse aneka praurvAtya vidvAnomAMnA meTA bhAge sAmAnya vastuo upalabdha na thayAne lIdhe, bhale galatI karI rIte mAnya rAkhI che." A kathanane maLatoja, nAMkhI hoya, chatAMe jyAre ApaNe saMzodhana karI paraMtu vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa batAvate je abhiprAya nagada satyaja tAravI kADhavAno prayAsa karI rahyA chIe. eka vidvAne A bAbatamAM anya saMzodhakonA ane tyAre jarA jeTalI paNa bAtamI pAchaLathI maLI rahI vizAradonA kathanane abhyAsa karI, temAMthI sArarUpe heya, te tenI avagaNanA kema karI zakIe? A kADhe che, te temaNe nIcenA zabdomAM vyakata karyo che. hakIkatone vicAra karI levAya, to pachI mAtra che:-zakasaMvate, kaI leke (1) purUSNa eTale kurAna naM. 1 ane naM. 4 vALA arthanIja vicAraNA karavI vaMzI rAjA kaniSkane juo temanuM pu. 1, pR. 3); raheze. te sthitie pahoMcIe te pUrve, uparanI be (2) sava5 nahapAne (3) zakarAjA vensakIno athavA (36) jue bhAratane prAcIna rAjavaMza bhAga che. (34) juo A pustake uparamAM pR. 15. (35) jIo pu. 3, 5, 405nI vaMzAvaLI,

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100 [ aThThama khaMDa tenA sthApaka (4) zakarAjA aya--aja (Aziz) nA pracalita thayela zabdomAM kathana karI rahyA che. jyAre mi. raeNpsana nAmane mAne che. khArIka tapAsa karatAM A cAre vastusthiti vidvAna teA sAphasApha zabdomAM saMbhaLAvI de che 338 asaMbhavita che; kemake naM. 1 vALA kuzAnavaMzIe peAte "One of the main objections brought zakaprajA nathI te hakIkata ApaNe AgaLa upara sAbita against the...theory, that is Saka Era karI ApIzuM. tema naM. ra te kSatrapa nahapANu te was founded by Kanishka was that, kSaharATa hatA eTale ke zaka nahAtAja. vaLI naM. 3 vALA Kanishka was not a Saka but a vensakI bAtamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, prathama te AvuM Kushan=zakasaMvatane sthApaka kaniSka che te muddAnI nAmaja itihAsamAM ApaNe sAMbhaLyuM ke vAMcyuM nathI. virUddha jatuM sauthI mukhya kAraNa te e che ke, kaniSka eTale tenI satyAsatyatAnuM tAla karavAnuM azakaya che. paNa pote zaka nathI paNa kuzAna che. " eTale temanI dalIla e temanA hetu vImAkaDasIjhane uddezIne kahevAne samajAya che ke, kaniSka pota kuzAna heAvAthI tene zakasaMvata (zakaprajA che.ane temaja hoya te te kuzAnavaMzI che. eTale te saMbaMdhI ke zakarAjA taraphathI pracAramAM mUkela evA saMvata)nA sthiti uparanA naM. 1mAM jaNAvyA pramANe samajI pracAraka tarIke kabUla rAkhI na zakAya. [ mArUM TIpaNulevI. jyAre naM. 4 vALA ajhIjha vize pu. 3mAM yAda rAkhavAnuM ke temaNe A vAMdhe zakasaMvata eTale ApaNe spaSTa karI batAvyuM che, ke te inhe pArthIana zakaprajAne saMvatsara ke zakarAjAe calAvela saMvatsara. hatA; ane teNe kAI paNa zaka calAvyeA ja nathI. tevA bhAvArthamAM tenA sthApaka kaniSka hAI na zake te matalaba ke temaNe dorelA A AkhAe dAhananA khAtara raju karyo che, nahIM ke zakanAmanA kAI cAre muddA asatya Thare che. A uparAMta prAcIna prati-viziSTa saMvatsaranA sthApaka tarIke; eTale ke zaka zabdatA je naM. 1nA artha thAya che te bhAvArthamAM ke, zaka eTale kAI sAmAnya rIte saMvata gaNAya tevA naM. 4 vALA bhAvArthamAM ] A pramANe zaka zabdanA je cha artha thAya che temAMnA naM. 2, 3 ane 5, 6 varlDa nAMkhavA haryo; eTale pachI naM. 1, ane 4 rahyA. temAM te zaka nAmI saMvatsara ke zaka eTale kAI sAmAnya saMvata evAja artha thAya che; ane te te ceAkkasa dekhItuM ja che ke, A samaye kAIka saMvatsara A kuzAnavaMzI ke caNuvaMzI rAjAoe gatimAM mUkayo ja hatA. [ jue uparamAM hAsamAM rasa letA anya vidvAneAnA abhiprAya paNa ApaNe svataMtra rIte vicArI laIe. sara kaniMgahAmanA mata paNu emaja che, ke zaka saMvata kuzAnavaMzI kaniSka sthApyA che. jyAre mi. vinsenTa smitha temanAthI bhinna paDatAM jaNAve che677 " I do not affirm as a fact that the Saka Era of A. D. 78 was established by Kanishka=i. sa. 78 vALA zakasaMvata kaniSka sthApana karyAM hatA te hakIkata satya tarIke huM svIkAratA nathI. '' A vAkayamAM samAyalI khIja hakIkata sAthe ApaNe ahIM nisbata nathI; eTale tenI carcAmAM utarIzuM nahIM. pazu mi. smithanA kathanamAMthI eTalu teA phalita thAya che ja ke, rAjA kaniSka pote zaka nahIM ja hAya. A pramANe vidvAneAnAM rajI karelAM maMtavya uparathI ApaNe joI zakayA chIe, ke te sadhaLAeA zakasaMvatanA kartA tarIke kuzAnavaMzI rAjAone mAne che . kharA, paNa te jAte zaka hoya ke nahIM, te mATe zaMkAvALA heine, gALagALa (37) jIe a. hiM. iM. trIjI AvRtti pR. 254. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat tathA A pustakamAM te vaMzanA vRttAMtamAM-pachI te I. sa. 78 vALA saMvata che ke anya che athavA kAI khIjA zakane maLatA che, te vastu nyArI che. temaNe eka saMvata calAvyo che eTaluM te satya che ja ] eTale sarva dalIla ane carcAnuM pariNAma e AvyuM gaNAze ke, kuzAnavaMzIee athavA caRNuvaMzIee uttara hiMdamAM kAIka saMvata calAvyA hatA. tene zaka eTale saMvata evA (38) jIo / . AM. re. pAra, tapa, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] sAmAnya arthamAM, athavA tenuM nAmaja zakasaMvata evA viziSTanAmathI saMme|dhI zakAze-paNa zakaprajAe ke zakarAjAe calAvela saMvata evA artha te tene thatAja nathI. A pramANe uttara hiMdamAM (nahIM ke dakSiNu hiMdamAM) pravartI rahela zakasaMvatanA sthApaka vizene vivAda pUrA thai rahyo. jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM je zakasaMvata vaparAtA najare paDe che, tenA sthApaka vizenI tapAsa, dakSiNa hiMda upara sAmrAjya bhAgavatA aMdhapatienuM varNana karavAnA chIe, tyAre te ThekANe karIdyuM. A kathanathI ema paNa samAze ke zakasaMvata che e jAtanA; paNa te banne ekaja che, ke bhinna bhinna, te ApaNe nIcenA pAritrAmAM sAbita karIzuM. have tenA samayane lagatA muddo athavA anya je kAMI viziSTatA che te vicArIe. sAmAnya rIte jyAM jyAM ' zakasaMvata " evA * zabda uccArAya che ke vAMcatAM vAMcatAM najare paDe che, tyAM tyAM turata ja, dakSiNa hiMdamAM pravartI rahela zakasaMvataja ApaNI dRSTimAM taravaratA dekhAya che. te zaka saMvata vizeSapaNe vaidaka matAnuyAyIo vAparatA jaNAya che. temanA graMthAnusAra A zakasaMvata ane vikramasaMvatanI vaccenuM aMtara 135 varSanuM gaNAya che. ane vikramasaMvata tathA isvIsana vacce, ApaNe sadhaLA jANIe chIe te mujaba, 57 vaSa~nuM aMtara che. eTale A traNa prakAranA saMvatAmAM prathama vikramasaMvata che. tene samaya IstrInI pUrve 57 varSa hAvAthI i. sa. pU. 57mAM tenuM calaNa thayuM hatuM ema . kahI zakAya che. te bAda " tenA samaya tathA anya viziSTatAo kANa hAI zake ? (39) jIe saptamakha De, prathama para. TI. na. 2. (40) jue vikramasa MvatavALA pariccheda tathA vikramAditya rAjAnuM vRttAMta. (41) tu ke, A re. pAri. 83: tathA ja. o. e. sa. 1899 pR. 365. sa (42) dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke A kathana temaNe vidvAnanuM je sAmAnya matanya che tene anulakSIne karyuM che; Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 101 isubhagavAnanA smaraNamAM calAvAyale| saMvata jete ApaNe IsvIsananA nAmathI eLakhI rahyA chIe te, ane sAthI chellA zakasaMvata cAlu thayA che ema kahevAya. eTale tenA samaya 135-57=4. sa. 78 kahI zakAya. mi. repsana paNa ThIka ja kahe che ke, 41 The years of the Saka Era, bginning in A. D. 78. There can be no possible. doubt=zakasaMvataneA prAraMbha I. sa. 78mAM thayeA che. te vize lezapaNa zaMkA nathI.42 jainagraMthamAM paNa teja matalabanuM lakhANa maLI Ave che 43 " vIra nirvANathI 605 varSa ane 5 mAsa bAda zakarAjA hAIgA." khIjA gra MthAmAM paNa teja AzayanuM kathana che.44 ti rUSabhanA samaye nIce pramANe traNa mAnyatA pravartatI hatI. (1) vIranirvANuthI 9785 varSa 5 mAse zakarAjA huA (2) 5 14793 (3) 19 "" 23 601 5 A mAnyatAmAM darzAvelA prathamanA be rAjA sAthe hAla ApaNe nIsbata nathI tethI te upara vicAra karavAnuM cheADI daIzuM. jyAre trIjAnA saMbaMdhamAM je 605 varSa lakhyAM che te ' vIranirvANa'thI gaNyAnuM ceAkhkhuM kathana che. ane vIranirvANune samaya vikrama saMvata pUrve 470 athavA I. sa. pU. 470+17=527 manAyeA che.45eTale te hisAbe gaNutAM 605-470 =135 vikramasaMvatanA ane 605-527=78 I. sa. AvI rahe che. ane upara vaidikagraMtheAnA AdhAre paNa te ja samaya batAvAyA haiAvAnuM ApaNe jaNAvyuM che, matalaba e thai ke, vaidikamatathI, jainamatathI, temaja vartamAna vidvAnAnI mAnyatAthI, zakasaMvatanI sthApanAnA w sAmAnya matanya e che ke, uttara hiMdanA ane dakSiNa hiMdane zakasaMvata ekaja che. (43) nA. pra. patrikA pu. 10 aMka 4, pR. 722-236 nemicaMdrajInA tile kasAra temaja yatirUSabhadattane tileAyapannati (44) nA. pra. pu. patrikA pu. 10, aMka 4, pR. 732 TI. na. 4. (45) jue pu. 2, pari. 1. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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102 samaya I. sa. 78=vikramasaMvata 135=ma. saM. 605mAM manAyA che. ane sarve ekamata che, eTale vizeSa carcAnI te mATe jarUra rahetI nathI. A te dakSiNahiMdamAM cAlI rahela zakasaMvatanI vAta thai. paNa uttaraviMdamAM cAlI rahela zakasavatanI teja sthiti hatI ke kema te ApaNe drujI tapAsavuM rahe che. gata pAritrAmAM uttarahiMdanA zakasaMvatanA sthApakanI carcAnI aMte ApaNe eTaluMja sAbita karI zakayA chIe, ke te kuzAnavaMzIee ke caNuvaMzIe calAvyeA hateA, tathA eTaluM jaNAvavA puratIja mAtra noMdha karI che ke 'zakasaMvata' e nRtanA (uttara hiMdanA ane dakSiNa hiMdanA ) che. paNa te banne ekaja hatA ke bhinnabhinna te puravAra karavAnuM vizeSapaNe have pachI te rAjAmanAM vRttAMta lakhavA upara cheADI dIdhuM che. jyAre pu. 3, pR 381nA TI. naM. 46mAM te tene samaya I. sa. 78 nahIM paNa i. sa. 103 che, ema sAsA nirdeza paNa karI dIdhA che. eTale A pramANe jo dakSiNa hiMdanA saMvatane samaya i. sa. 78 hAya ane uttara hiMdanA saMvatane samaya 103 neAja hAya-sAbita thAya--tA te spaMja kahI zakAya ke banne zakasaMvata eka khItathI bhinnabhinna ja che; ane bhinnabhinna Are eTale te bannenA sthApaka paNa bhinnabhinnaja kahevAze. paraMtu jyAM sudhI ApaNe te muddo, pramANe ApIne puravAra karI ApavA jeTalA sthAne paheAMcyA nathI, tyAM sudhI pu, 3, pR. 381 nI TI. naM. 46 mAM Apela mAtra nivedana uparaja avalaMbana rAkhIzuM. chatAM te bAbata upara prakAza pADatuM ekAda kiraNa, je atra varNavavA yogya lAge zaka saMvatanI (46) jue. IM. e. pu. 37 pR. 46. (47) so`mAsamAM (pUrNimAMta mAsamAM) kRSNapakSathI mahinAnI rarUAta gaNAtI lAge che ane caMdramAsamAM (amAsAMta mAsamAM) jyArathI caMdranuM darzana thAya tyArathI eTale zukala pakSathI mAsanI zarUAta gaNAya che. (kAMika vizeSa khulAsA mATe uparamAM pR. 39 TI, na'. 34 jI.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aSTama khaMDa che te jaNAvIzuM. DaoN. kIGArna nAmanA eka vidvAnanA asala zabdo TAMkIne eka lekhake jaNAvyuM che 346 'According to Dr. Kielhorn himself, the solar month is also used in Saka dates (first appears so late as in the year 944=8. D. 1022)......It may be said that the use of the lunar month -dates in Saka-era, is the result of its long resilence in southern India, and that the use of the solar month -names, is the result of its northern & civic origin; or may it not be that the Buddhists of the earlier centuries of the Christian era used solar months in the reckonings, while the Brahmins used the lunar months, as their religious ceremonies and festivals are always connected with Tithis & Pakshas=si. kIlhAne pote noMdha karI che ke zaka saMvatanI tavArIkhamAM, saurya mAsa47 paNa vaparAye che. ( tevA prakAranuM prathama darzana TheTha vikrama saM. 944 ='). sa. 1022mAM mAlama thAya che48). ema kahI zakAya ke, zaka saMvatamAM cAMdramAsanI paddhatithI je tArIkheA lakhavAmAM Ave che, tenuM kAraNa dakSiNahiMdamAM dhaNA lAMbA kALathI te vaparAzamAM che tene lIdhe che. jyAre saurya mAsanAM nAme najare paDe che, te uttara hiMdamAM tenuM asala sthAna che tenuM pariNAma che. athavA ema navA ceAgya nathI ke, IsunA (48) mArI samaja ema che ke, sau mAsanI vaparAza te dhaNA lAMkhA kALathI jaNAvelI che: paNa jema vikrama savatanI vaparAza tenI Adi thayA pachI keTalIye sadI sudhI (tue uparamAM pR. 94) baMdha paDelI che hatI tema A sau` mAsa vAparavAnuM baMdha paDI gayuM hazeH athavA te vi. sa. 944mAM je paddhatie te darzAvAI che tenA karatAM judIja rIte darzAvAi ho www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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anya viziSTA dvitIya pariccheda ] 103 saMvatanI prAraMbhanI sadIemAM thayelA bauddha lekA, temanI peAtAnI gaNatrImAM sau mAsanI paddhatine Azraya letA? jyAre chANA cAMdramAsanI paddhati grahaNa viSayane khapa jogA eTalA tAtparya temAMthI nIkaLe che ja ke, uttara hiMdamAM sauryamAsa eTale pUrNimAMta paddhati pramANe samayanI gaNatrI thatI hatI ane dakSiNa karatA? kemake temanAM dhArmika kriyAkAMDo tathA utsAhiMdamAM cAMdramAsa eTale amAsAMta patie dhatI hatI. tethI ApaNe kahI zakIzuM ke uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdanA zake savAreAnI gaNanA paddhatimAM pheraphAra hatA ja.49 uparAMta uparamAM, ApaNe temanI AdinA samayamAM paNa pacAseka varSanA taphAvata hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. matalaba e ca! ke, je saMvatAnA samaya tathA tithi ane pakSAne anusarIne haMmezAM gaNavAmAM Ave che." eTale DaoN. kIlhAnanA mata pramANe (1) zakasaMvatamAM saurya mAsa pUrNimAMta) vaparAyo che; chatAM (2) cAMdramAsa (amAsAMta) vaparAtA je najare paDe che tenuM kAraNa e che ke, te zakasaMvata dakSiNa hiMdamAM dhaNA dIdhakALathI cAlu rahyo che; (3) ane tyAMnA eTale dakSiNa hiMdanAM hmaNo potAnAM sarva dhArmika kriyAkAMDA tathA saraavasare, tithi ane pakSanA AdhAre eTale ke cAMdramAsanI-amAsAMta mAsanI gaNutrIe kare che tenuM te pariNAma che. (4) jyAre i. sa. nI prAraMbhanI sadInA (ke kadAca te pUrvenA samayanA) khAddo tA sAryamAsanI--pUrNimAMta mAsanI paddhatie kAma letA hatA. (5) kemake pUrNimAMna-sAthe-te sau mAsa paddhatinuM utpattisthAna uttara hiMdamAMja raheluM che. A pAMca sudAmAMthI ahIM ApaNane je vize lAgatuM vaLagatuM nathI tenI carcA mUkI daizuM (jo ke temAM keTalIka taddana navIna hakIkatA samAyalI che eTale cheka tene jatI teA karI nahIMja zakAya; tema karavAmAM Ave te aitihAsika dhaTanA aMdhakAramAMja rahI jAya tema che. eTale, grahaNa karela viSayane insApha ApIne chevaTe, TIppaNa tarIke tenI noMdha laIzuM.) paNa ApaNA (49) ApaNe te ahIM DA. kIloA'nI sAkSI ApIneja hakIkata rajI karI che. paNa sara kaniMgahAma jevAe paNa teja hakIkata pAte racela dhI buka ek inDiyana harAjImAM pU. 31 upara bhArapUrvaka jaNAvela che. (50) juo nIcenI TIkA na". 51. (51) OMA, kIlhAne vi. sa. 944mAM prathama noMdha manyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. jyAre ApaNe ahIM lakhyuM che ke te pratite TheTha kurAAnava zI rAjaamalathI uttara hiMdamAM dAkhala thai cUkI hatI eTale te be vaccenA aMtaramAM zuM sthiti pravartI rahI hatI tenI noMdhathI ApaNe ajJAta heAvAthI A zabdo vAparavA paDayA che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pati eka khIthI alaga alaga che. tethI ja temanA sthApA paNa nna bhinna che. ane tema che tA te bannene ekaja saMta tarIke na mAnatAM50 judA tarIke ja ApaNe mAnavA paDaze. uttara hiMdanA zakasaMvatanA sthApaka ane pravartakamAM kuzAna ane caNa vaMzaja mukhya aMze che. te bAda keTalA samaya-teja svarUpamAM ke the|DANA pheraphAra cAlyA haze tenI khAtrIpUrvaka noMdhapa1 laI zakAya tevI mAhitI maLatI nathI. paNa eTaluM te jarUra kahI zakAya tema che ke vartamAnakALe to te khIlakula vaparAzamAM najare paDatA nathI eTale tene mRtaprAya: thayelA ApaNe tahera karavA rahyo. hAla je zasaMvata vaparAI rahyo che te teA dakSiNa hiMdanI gaNatrI pramANene amAmAMta pati vALeAja che. jethI vartamAnakALanA zaka saMvatanI sthApanAmAM te mAtra dakSiNa hiMdanA samrATa evA aMdhapati zAtavAhana vaMzanejapara paNa mArI khAtrI che ke vizeSa sAdhana ane tapAsa karavAmAM Avaro te uparanuM aMtara bahuja kAcAi javA pAmaze, (52) zAtavahanavI je rAjAoe Azaka pravartAvyA che ane mAnyA che. te vaidikadharmI hatA. (juo temanAM vRttAMte-rI. kITasAneM paNa temaja kahyuM che ke te vaidika dhanI asaranuM pariNAma che) eTale dakSiNa hiMdane rAka saMvata te vaidika che: jyAre uttara hiMdanA zaka saMvata kurAna vaMzI rAjAe sthApana karela heAvAthI te jainadhama pramANe che. pariNAma ema kahI zakAya ke, uttara hiMdanA zaka te jainadharmI rAnanA che ane dakSiNaviMdanA rAka te vaividharmI rAntanA che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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104 lAgatuM vaLagatuM che paNa caNu ke kuzAna vaMzane nathI53 ema ahesAnIthI kahI zakAze zaka saMvatanI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ aSTama kheDa temAM mAtra sAlaneja AMkaDA lakhAte AvyA che. chatAM kayAMya mAsa, Rtu ke dina I. nI nedha samaya gaNanAmAM jo karAi hAya to tyAM pUrNimAMta pati grahaNa karAi hoya ema pasiddha rIte jAhera thayuM nathI dekhAtuM, jyAre jainamrathAmAM pUrNimAMta mAsa pramANe samayanirdeza thayAnuM aneka vAra noMdhAyuM che. (2) tema zilAlekhI purAvAnA AdhAre mi. repsana jevA vidvAneAnA kathanathI pu. 2. pR. 395 upara sAbita karI ApyuM che ke vyavaMzI kSatrapa jainadharmI hatA. ane teee paNa je samaya gaNunA pUrNimAMta mAsa vAparavAnI jainadharmamAM te samaye pravartI rahI hatI tene ja upayega karyA hatA. tethIja DaoN. kIhena jevA ananya abhyAsIne spaSTapaNe te jAhera karavuM paDayuM che. (3) jema zilAlekhI purAvAthI cane jainadharmI TharAvAyA che. tema sikkAnA purA vAthI (jIe pu. 2. ri. 3mAM tenA sikkAnuM varNana) paNa tene jaina dharmI batAvI zakAyA che. matalaba ke, sAhityanA, zilAlekhanA, temaja sikkAnA, ema aneka vidha purAvAthI A sarva muddA sAbita thai zake che ane karI zakAyA che. eTale temAM zaMkA karavAnuM ke vivAda ubhA karavA jevuM sthAnaja rahetuM nathI. kAi ema paNa prazna kare ke, zuM kuzAna ane caNuvaMza jevI ahiMdI prajA, jainadharmI je bhAratadezamAM udbhavyA che, tenI anuyArthI prajA khate kharI ? athavA te| hiMdanI bahAra rahIne te jainadharmI zI rIte banI haze ? teA javAkhamAM jaNAvI zakAya ke, je samayanI A vAta che te i. sa. nA pahelA saikAnI hakIkata che. te samaye ane te pUrve, sArA hiMdamAM (te vakhate bhAratadeza kahevAtA hatA) te zuM paNa sArI duniyAmAM paNa mAtra traNaja dharmo jANItA hatA. vaidika, aiAddha ane jaina; ane chelle chelle IsAI dharma, te kALe ugatA hatA; eTale tenA pracAra tenI utpattinA sthAnathI ( jene ApaNe siriyA-pelesTAina kahIe chIe ) vizeSa AgaLa vadhyA naheAtA. tema bAddhadharmI rAjAe (azeAkavardhana mArya [ mArUM TIppaNa-atra je noMdha karavAnI che te zaka saMvatanA saMbaMdhanI nathI". paNa uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe, tenAthI para, paraMtu aitihAsika ghaTanA upara prakAza pADatI hakIkataja che; DA. kIlasAneM karelo teAMdhamAM pAte ema jAhera karyu che, ke uttara hiMdamAM baddo te pahita vAparatA hatA. paNa ApaNe pu. 2 mAM mA` samrATanA varNana karatAM ane temAM paNa priya darzananuM jIvana caritra lakhatAM sAbita karyuM che ke, atyAra sudhI zilAlekhAmAM kAtarAyalI dharmalipi, jene azokanI kRti lekhAvI bauddha dharmanA saMskAra jhIlatI vidvAne e varNavI che, te havethI-azeAka ane priyadarzina anne bhinna bhinna vyaktie hAvAthI- samrATa priyadarzinanIja lekhavAnI rahe che ane te samrATa pAte jaina dharmI hAvAthI, teNe kAtarAvela sa` zilAlekhA mAMhenI dhalipi paNa jainadharmanAja siddhAMteAnI udghASaNA kare che. A kathanane samarthana ApatI aneka mAhitI teja pu. 2 nA prathama paricchede mahAtmA buddha ane mahAvIranA jIvana saMbaMdhI keTalIka ghaTanAnA varNana karatAM karatAM apAi gaI haiM; tathA tene vizeSa puSTi ApatI hakIkatA te pachInA dvitIya ane tRtIya paricchede siAcitronA varNanamAMthI paNa maLI Ave che. eTale nivivAdita paNe sAbita thAya che ke, jyAM jyAM atyArasudhInA vidvAnAe Adya zabda vAparyA karyAM che tyAM mukhya aMze have jaina zabda samajIne ja ApaNe kAma levuM rahe che. te mATe uparanA IMgrejI avataraNamAM DaoN. kAlahAne je khAd leAkeAmAM pUrNimAMta paddhatinI kALagaNanA hAvAnuM mAnI lIdhuM che, te temanI pati nathI paNa jainapati che. ane A ApaNuM anumAna sAcuM paNa che. tenA purAvA tarIke ApaNe kahI zakIzuM ke (1) bAhudharmIo sAdhAraNa rIte peAtAnA dharmapravartaka zrI muddabhagavAnaneAja savata vAparatA AvyA che ane (53) nu uparanI TIkA na. pA. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - - - : dvitIya paricheda ] anya viziSTatAo 105 sivAya)oI rAjakartA tarIke sattAmAM Avela na hovAthI dharmanuM ja pAlana karyuM jatI hatI. jethI kuzanavaMzIo te dharmanI asara bahuja juja pramANamAM dekhAtI hatI. hiMdamAM jyAre utarI AvyA tyAre jainadharma pALatA eTale bAkI rahyA che; vaidika ane jena; temAM vaidika hatA, emaja kahI zakAze. A hakIkata sAMbhaLIne ke Ie dharmanAM prabhutA ane gaurava, zuMgavaMzI amala daramyAna bhaDakI javAnuM paNa nathI tema Azcarya pAmavAnuM paNa -eka sadI jeTalA kALasudhI-jarUra pradIpavaMtAM thayAM nathI. vaLI vizeSamAM A hakIkata jema ApaNe upara hatAMja hatAM; paraMtu temane amala asta thatAM, pAchuM Takela mi. kaeNsana jevA sikkAzAstrInI sAhedata ApI. jainadharmaja jhagamagavA mAMDayuM hatuM. vaLI bhUlavuM joItuM zilAlekha AdhAre jaNAvI che tema cakaNanA pautra nathI ke, jyAre samrATa priyadarzinane rAjaamala rUdradAmanane zilAlekha paNa teja kathanane puSTi ApI tapati hatA, tyAre teNe jema aneka dezomAM prajAne rahyo che. kemake te lekha giranAra jevA jenadharmanA kendra dharmatvanuM zikSaNa ApavA pitAnA dhammamahAmAtrAo gaNAtA parvatanI taLeTImAM samrATa priyadarzine je moka9yA hatA, tema te pote hiMdanI uttare nepALa, zilA upara utarAvyo che teja zilA upara teNe paNa tibeTa, kheTAna ane ziAI tUko sudhI jIta meLa- ketarAvyo che tathA tema karavAmAM tenI matalaba vavA caDAIo laI gayo hate (juo pu. mAM tenuM paNa priyadarzinanI sAthe tulanAmAM pitAne ubhA rahevAnI varNana)ane te chatI laI tyAM pitAne jaina dharma phelAvyo hoya ema dekhAya che. have ApaNe Do. kalahane hatA. uparAMta bIjI vAta; tenI jIvaMta avasthAmAM jaNAvelA eka bIjA muddA vIze lakhIzuM. temaNe teNe kAzmira upara potAnA putra jAlaukane 54 ane jaNAvyuM che ke dakSiNa hiMda karatAM uttara hiMdane nepALa upara potAnA jamAI devapALane, tathA tibe- zaka lakhavAnI paddhatimAM je phera dekhAya che, te TamAM pitAnA putra kazyanane, te te dezanA sUbApade dakSiNa hiMdamAM vasatA brAhmaNonA dharmanI asanImyA hatA.55 jeo samrATa priyadazinanA maraNa 2nuM ja pariNAma che. alabata eka bIjAnA ghATA bAda te te pradezanA svAmI banI beThA hatA. A badhA sahavAsane laIne arasaparasa asara te thAyaja ane banAvane samaya I. sa. pU. 200 no che. vaLI te tethIja vartamAnakALe paNa jainadharmanA ane vaidika pradeza hiMdanI bahAra ja che. jyAre kuzanavaMzI kaDa- dharmanA anuyAyIonA dhArmika temaja sAmAjIka rItakasIjha pahele, bIje, vigere vigerenA udabhavane samaya rIvAjo maLI jatA dekhAya che; paraMtu te samayanA i. sa. nA prAraMbhamAM ja che ane temanuM vatana tibeTa taphAvatanA kAraNa vize jevuM De. kalahaineM anumAna derI -khoTAna vALA pradezamAMja che (juo AgaLanA khaMDa lIdhuM che tevuM nahotuM ja. paNa jema saghaLA vidvAnoe temanuM varNana). eTale kahevAnI matalaba e che ke be zakasaMvatane-uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdanA zaka saMvataneI. sa. pU. 200 thI I. sa. nA prAraMbha sudhInA eka mAnI lIdhA che tema temaNe paNa te kathanane base aDhI varSanA kALamAM paNa upara nidezelA kala rAkhIne, bane saMvatanI paddhatine meLa batAtraNe rAjAonA-samrATa priyadarzinanA sUbAo ane vavA ane teo kADhavA mATe ja anumAna joDI kADhayuM pratinidhio jAlauka, kasthAna ane devapALanA-putra che. paraMtu have ApaNe joI zakayA chIe ke temanuM ke vaMzavAraso ja tyAM rAjapade hatAH athavA tema nahIM te anumAna khoTI kalpanA upara ja goThavAyuM che. ne bIjAo kadAca gAdIe AvyA hoya, to paNa te atre De. kIernanA avataraNa uparanuM mAruM TIppaNa pradezanI prajA to temaNe dAkhala karela ane prabodhela pUruM thAya che. ] (55) jue pu. 2 mAM priyadarzinanA vRttAMta (54) juo pu. 2 nA aMte rAja jAlaukane lagatuM pariziSTa. 14 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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to saMvatsarInI [ aThThama khaMDa eTale sarve saMvatsarAne lagatI mAhitI eqIja sAthe joI zakAya te kAje temane kAThAnA rUpamAM rajI karI daI e. nAma 1/ mahAvIra saMvata bauddha saMvata 3 saharATa 4 kuyAna 5 RNu $| IsavI vikrama TA mAlava "2 " "" " " " sthApaka saMvatsaronI uttamatA prajA prajA sthApanAnA samaya i. sa. pU. nI gaNatrImAM parava para0 bhUmaka 159 mahAkSatrapa banyA tyArathI kaniSka pahelA i. sa. 10316 gAdIe AvyA tyArathI RNu " prajA i. sa. 1 prajA i. sa. pU. 57 rAjapUta I. sa. 53 1-33 lI zaka prajA-rAna i. sa. 18 atyAra sudhI ApaNe pratyeka saMvatsara saMbaMdhI pRSakapaNe vicAra karavAnA muddA vizeja vivecana karyuM gayA chIe. uparAMta keTalAka muddA evA paNu che ke jemA vicAra samasta saMtrasarAne sparzIne paNa karI zakAya tema che. temAM tenI upayAgItA saMbaMdhIne eka gaNAya tevA che. atyAra sudhI je zakasaMvatA vize ApaNe vicAraNA karI gayA chIe temanAM nAma A pramANe levAyAM che. (1) mahAvIra (2) kSaharATa (3) vikrama (4) mAlava (5) kaniSka (6) caNu ane (7) zaka zAlivAhana; A pramANe sAta che. eka AThamA saMvatsara paNa ApaNe nirdhArIta karela samayanI maryAdAmAM AvI anya hakIkata tathA sthApanAnA prasaMga. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat temanA nirvANu bAda sadara caDhaze te zaka cAlu karyo che, paraMtu tenI Adi peAtAnA pitAM mAtikanA rAjyanakSatrapa tarIkene-AraMbha thaye| tyArathI gaNI che, jema traikUTaka vaMzanI bAbatamAM banyuM che tema (jIA pu. 3 pR. 384) Isu krAIsTanA janma pachI DhA varSe zakAri vikramAdityanA rAjyAre gunA divasathI dUSNu prajAneA temaNe saMhAra karI rAjasattA hAthamAM lIdhI tyArathI ardhuM dhArmika kAraNapa jAya che. paraMtu tenA ullekha kAI zilAlekha ke sikkA upara thayela devAmAM Avye nathI tethI atiSThAsika banAva tarIkenA tenA nirdeza ApaNe karyAM nathI. alabatta te savatanA upayAga rAjakIya dRSTie thaye nathI, kemake te saMvatane kAi rAja taraphathI vadhAvI levAmAM AvyeA nathI. tathApi ema samajavAnuM nathI ke tenI mahattvatA kAI darajje echI hatI, ke che. te A!mAnuM nAma 'bauddhasaMvata' che. A saMvatane ullekha ne kAI paNa samaye ItihAsanA pAne nAMdhAyAnI apekSA ApaNe rAkhI zakIe, te| te dharmanAnugAmika mauryasamrATa rIkavardhananA kevaLa eka rAjye ja banI zake tema che. paraMtu tene kAI sikko ke zilAlekha hajI sudhI ApaNI jANamAM AvyeA nathI. eTale ja A saMvatanI hakIkata ApaNI OU (56) temanA vRttAMte Ane lagatI hakIkata jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricheda ] 'uttamatA vize 107 noMdhamAM kyAMya levAI nathI. bAkI baddha graMthamAM tathA rAjakIya hetusara thayelI dekhAya che, jyAre keTalAkane anya daMtakathAonAM varNanamAM te te vAraMvAra vaparAto kevaLa dhArmika kAraNe thayelI dIse che. rAjakIya rahyo dekhAya paNa che. agatyatA eTalA mATe kahevI paDe che ke tenA utpAatra to ApaNe bhinna bhinna saMvatsarAnI che eTale rANI baLathInA pAtra gamatIputra zAta uttamatA ja vicAravAnI che eka siddhAMta e che ke karaNIe-zaka prajA upara pote meLavelI jI kArya ane kAraNane hamezAM paraspara nIkaTa saMbaMdha utsava ane khuzAlI nimitte te pravartAvyo hovAnuM hoya che. eTale koI saMvatsaranI uttamatA siddha keTalAkoe mAnI lIdhuM che, jyAre keTalAkanuM ema karavA mATe, tenA uddabhavanuM kAraNa athavA tenI paNa mAnavuM thAya che ke, te gautamIputre uparanI chata utpAdaka vyaktinA manabhAva Adi saMyogo vize meLavyA bAda potAnI rAjagAdI pheravIne pAchI ApaNe vicAra karavo ja rahe. paiThaNanagare je lAvI mUkI hatI59 tenI khuzAlImAM upara darzAvelA ATha saMvatsArAmAMnA, mahAvIra te zakanI pravRtti AdarI hatI. A pramANe be rAjaane bauddha saMvato, te te dharmanA pravartakenAM nirvANa- kIya banAvane tenA utpAdana-nimitta kAraNu-tarIke mukti prasaMgane AzrayIne pravartAvAyA che. eTale temanI raju karAya che. paNa te banne banAve mAtra kalpita uttamatA vize saheja paNa vicAra darzAve che te ubhA karavAmAM AvyA che te ApaNe tenuM varNana prayatna seva te nAnA moMe moTI vAto karavA karatAM sAbita karI ApIzuM. eTale ane te upara jevuM sAhasaja gaNAya, mATe te mUkI daIzuM. tema vizeSa laMbANathI vivecana karavAnI jarUra nathI. uparAMta mAlava saMvatanA nAme oLakhAtA je zakanuM nAma keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke, te zakanuM utpAdana ApaNe atra dAkhala karyuM che te to mAtra anusaMgika kAraNa kevaLa dhArmika biMdu ja raju karanAruM che. paraMtu prasaMgane lIdheja banavA pAmyuM che. nahIM te tenuM nAma dhArmika kAraNunA aMtaramAM utaravAnuM ApaNe niSpayopaNu ApaNe gaNavAnI jarUra nahotI, kemake A jana gaNIe chIe eTale te cheDI daIzuM; chatAM pustakanA Alekhana samayathI te ghaNaja para che. te eTaluM jarUra jaNAvI zakIzuM ke te kathanamAM ardha sivAya bAkI rahyA pAMca. temAMno eka jene zaka satya 10 jevuM che kharuM. teTalA mATe tenuM nAma bAda karatAM ( dakSiNa hiMdano) zAlivAhanaY7 tarIke oLakhAvAya bAkI cAra saMvate vicAravAnA rahe che. temanI utpache tenI utpatti tathA tene lagate ItihAsa bhale rinAM kAraNo tapAsatAM te darekanI sAthe khuzAlIne prasaMga ApaNe pu.5 mAM varNavavAne che chatAM te saMvata joDAyelAja'mAlUma paDe che. pachI phAve te te khuzAparatve ane je jaNAvavuM jarUrI che te jarUra kahI lIne prasaMga, rAjyanI ke rAjyakartAnA vaMzanI Adi zakAya tema che. tenI agatyatA keTalAka vidvAnone sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvato hoya ke pachI koI mahatvatAbharyuM (57) A zabdaprayoga vyAjabI che ke kema tenI dharAve che. " carcA te rAjAnuM varNana karatI vakhate pa. 5 mAM karavAnuM che. nAsikanA zilAlekhamAM 5NuM rANuM baLIe uparanA (58) ja, be. bra. je. ese. pu. 9. pR. 145 muddAvALuM ja lakhANa ketarAvyuM che. 3. bhAu dAjI lakhe che-Gautamiputra, the son of (59) ja, be. bra. je. e. se. 1928 navI AvRtti Padmavi and king of Dakshinapath or the . 3, mi. baplene A lekha che temAM A bAbata Deccan boasts of having destroyed the Sak- upara bahu bhAra mukayAnuM jaNAya che. es,Yavnas,Pahlavas,etc. 5damAvInA putra ane dakSiNa- (10) juo nIcenI TI. na. 12 5ya athavA dakSiNa hiMda)nA svAmI gautamI putra zaka, yavana, (61) A cAre saMvatasaranA pravartakone zuM zuM kAraNe pahadavANa vi. prajAne saMhAra karyA mATe abhimAna maLyAM hatAM tenAM varNana mATe te pratyekanAM pattAMta juo, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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108 traNa saMvatsaronI [ aSTama khaMDa kAma te rAjavInA hAthe banavA pAmyuM hoya. tethI gaI ja hatI, te pachI uparanA AThanI saMkhyA sAthe karIne dareka saMvatanI utpattimAM AvI che je tenI gaNatrI kema karavAmAM AvI nathI. uttara eTale naimittika kAraNoe bhAga bhajavyo hoya te te kAraNonI ja che ke, utpatti thaI gaI hatI te kharuM, paNa tene jeTalA jeTalA aMze uttamatA, teTalA teTalA aMze te vaparAza bhArata dezanA keI paNa pradezamAM ApaNuM zakanI uttamatA paNa siddha thaI samajavI. vaLI varNananA samaye thaye jaNAyo nathI. tethI ApaNe paNa khuzAlIne prasaMga ujavavAne te darekane sarakheja tenI gaNanA karI nathI. paraMtu vartamAnakALe itihAsa hakka che ema mAnavAnuM che. paraMtu rAjA pote ujave AlekhanamAM enI gaNanA levI ja paDe che. tethI te te jAdI vAta kahevAya ane temanA prajAjananI svayaM. saMbaMdhamAM jarUrI thaI paDe tevA prakAranA jharaNAthI te ujavAvAya te jAdI vAta kahevAya. prajA nIcenA pArAmAM darzAvavAmAM AvyA che. je Apa meLe ujave te tenI mahattvatA kAMIka eraja vartamAnakALe itihAsanA abhyAsIo kayA zaka lekhAya. A prakAranAM kATalethIja je uttamatAnuM saMvatane mukhyataH vaparAza kare che, te bAbata ja A pramANa patra arpavAnuM TharAvAya te kahevuM paDaze ke te pArigrAphamAM carcavAnI che, jethI cAremAM prathama naMbara zakAri vikramAdityano ja AvI noMdha rakhAtA traNa uparanA pArigrAphamAM jaNAvela raheze. kAraNa ke tenA saMvatanuM calana prajAe ja AdaryuM saMvanI tArI. A uparAMta eka vadhArAne che. jyAre bAkInA traNe saMvata, rAjAthI ke rAjadaphatara khenI cokkasa IsAI maLIne kula nava zakane khAtAnA pharamAnathI, zarU thayA hovAnuM anumAna tAravI kANanA vicAra kara rahe che. navamAMthI zakAya che. teTalA mATe je te pharamAna karanAra kSaharATa, mAlava, caSThaNa ane zAsana baMdha thayuM te ja te zakano paNa aMta ja AvI kuzAna te taddana lupta ja thaI gayA che. bAkInA gaye ApaNe nihALIe chIe. A kAraNane lIdhe pAMcamAne baddha che te paNa bahu vaparAzamAM sAmAnya cAra saMvatsaramAMthI kSaharATa, cakkaNuM ane kaniSkanA rIte nathI ja; vaLI dakSiNane zaka saMvata che te paNa je traNa bAkI rahe che, tene vaparAza, te te vaMzonI lagabhaga teja kaTimAM mUkAya tevo che. eTale te bene samApti sAthe ja adazya thaI gayo che. teja siddhAMta paNa carcAno viSaya tarIke laIzuM nahi. chatAM uparanA pramANe dakSiNa hiMdanA zakano paNa tevo ja pheja thavAne parichedamAM tenI khUba vistArapUrvaka je ApaNe nedha sarajAyelo hato. chatAM vikrama saMvatsaranI peThe lIdhI che te eTalAja mATe ke vidvAno vacce te viSenI lAMbu AyuSya bhogavate te adyApiparyata TakI rahyA che. keTalIka samajaphera pravarte che tenuM nirAkaraNa meLavI zakAya. tethI temAM kAMIka anya aMza bhaLela hovuM joIe ema eTale bAkI rahelA kevaLa traNa saMvatsare vize ja ApaNe svabhAvika kalpanA thaI jAya che. ane te aMza te ja balavuM rahe che. temAMnA be, prAcIna ItihAsanI va5kahI zakAze ke temAM ardhadhArmika hetu joDAyala che12 rAzamAM AvelA che ane trIje arvAcIna yugane aMge A pramANe dhArmika pravartakenA be saMvatsarone jeDa paDayo che. bAda karatAM bAkI rahetA chamAMthI uttamatAnI koTie A traNamAM paNa saithI prAcIna, mahAvIrasavata prathama darajaje vikrama saMvata ane dvitIya daraje che. pachI vikramasaMvata che ane sauthI chelle IsvI dakSiNa dine zaka AvavAne lAyaka Thara che. saMvata che; te traNenuM pArasapArika aMtara ema TharAvAyuM eka prazna e karAze ke, ApaNuM samayavarNananA che ke mahAvIra saMvata ane vikrama saMvata vacce 470 kALa daramyAna IsAI saMvatanI utpatti te thaI varSanuM ane vikrama tathA IsavInA saMvata vacce 56 (62) uparanI TIkA naM. 10 juo,

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dvitIya pariccheda ] cokkasa gaNanA 19 varSa uparanuM (56 varSa) paNa 57nI aMdaranuM aMtara vikramanA nUtana saMvatano prAraMbha paNa te samaye zudI gaNavuM. temAMnA mahAvIrasavatano prAraMbha temanA nirvANa pakSathI thato hato; chatAM bane paddhatinuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM (maraNa)nI tArIkhathI, vikrama saMvatane te rAjA te sAra e thaze ke, baMne saMvatsarane prAraMbha te gAdInazIna thayo tyArathI, jyAre IsavIne Isu kArtika sudI 1 thIja thayo che, paNa pahelAmAM eTale bhagavAnanA janma pachI cothA varasathI thayela che. mahAvIra saMvatamAM pUrNimAMta mAsanI gaNatrIe kAma ATalI hakIkata ApaNI pAse sAbita thayelI taiyAra levAyuM che, jayAre bIjAmAM eTale vikrama saMvatamAM amApaDI ja che. eTale vizeSa jhINavaTamAM UtarIne te traNenA sAta mAsanI paddhati grahaNa karAI che. tethI karIne be samayane moghamanAM dhoraNamAMthI khaseDIne makkama ane saMvatsaranI cokara tArIkhanI gaNanAmAM eka paNa niNata tArIkhanA dhoraNe TharAvavAno prayatna ApaNe divasane pheraphAra thato nathI ja. matalaba ke te baMne A prakaraNamAM karIzuM. saMvatsaranI vaccenuM aMtara barAbara 470 varSanuM ja prathamamAM, pahelA be zaka vaccenA aMtarano mUkavuM paDe che. hA, eTalo svIkAra ApaNe atre kareja nirNaya karIe. mahAvIra nirvANa jaina matAnusAra paDaze ke mahAvIranA nirvANano samaya temanI kArtika vada 0))nuM gaNavAmAM Ave che ane tenA pUrvenI koI anya ghaTanAnI sAthe saMkalita jo karAyo nUtana saMvatsarano prAraMbha kArtika sudI 1thI gaNAya heta te vikrama saMvatsaranA prAraMbhika divasanI gaNanA che. matalaba e thaI ke te samaye, dareka mAsamAM karatI vakhate te mAsanI gaNavI (pUrNimAMta ane sudInA pakSa-zukala pakSa--pahelAM kRSNapakSa gaNavAmAM amAsAMtanI) ApaNe jarUra dhyAnamAM levI ja paData; AvatA hatA (The dark half of the month ane baMnenI tArIkha mukarara karavAmAM paMdara divasane preceded the bright half of the same eTale ke eka pakhavADiyAne pharaka, A bAju ke bIjI month)je tema na heta te, kArtika sudI 1nI bAju mUka paData. paNa jyAre prathama saMvatsaranA pUrvanI rAtrIne kArtika vada )) badale vartamAna gaNa prAraMbha divasane anulakSIne ja bIjAnA AraMbha divasanI nAnI peThe Adhina vada 0)) tarIke lekhIne te mitie gaNatrI karAya che, ane baMnenI zarUAta ekaja divase mahAvIranuM nirvANu thayAnuM graMthakAre lakhyuM hata.17 (zukalapakSanI pratipadAthI) gaNavAmAM Ave che tyAre jyAre vikrama saMvatane prAraMbha paNa kArtika sudI 1 thI ja eka pakhavADIAnI (paMdara divasanI) vadha ke ghaTa gaNavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu temAM zudI pakSa saMpUrNa thatAM, karavAne muddo tadana nimULa ja thaI jAya che tathA baMne teja mAsanuM kRSNapakSa sArUM thatuM gaNe che eTale ke vaccenuM aMtara pUrepUrA 470 varSanuM ja svIkAravuM rahe che. (13) sara kaniMgahAmanA "buka opha InDIyana IrAjha' 4 years between the Christian Era and the nAmanA pustake 5. 8 mAM jaNAvela che ke-The initial birth of the Christ = IsunA janma ane IsavInA point of this (Vikram) Era ought to be B. Hotell 492 2112949 j2447 D. c. 57 or 56 instead of 56 B.C=vikrama saMvatanI [mArUM TIpaNu-I. sa. nA AraMbhane Isa bhagavAnanA Adi I. sa. pU. 56 ne badale I. sa. pU. 57 athavA janma ke maraNa sAthe saMbaMdha nathI ja, jyAre bIjA saMvatemAM 56 3/4 lekhavI joIe. jo dharma pravartakane hoya, to temanA maraNa sAthe ane rAjakato (64) uparanA paricchedomAM tathA pu. 2 nA prathama hoya to tenA rAjayanI ke vaMzanI Adi sAthe hamezAM paricchede juo.. saMbaMdha hoya che. A eka muddAne aMge sarve anya (65) juo tenA vRttAMta saMvate karatAM A IsavIsanano saMvata jude paDate 16) ja, bAM. bra. je. e. se. pu. 8 pR. 223 (De. gaNAya che. ] ila cha lakhe che ka) There is a difference of (17) jue u5satranI sukhANiM DIDa

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110 traNa saMvatsarenI [ aSTama khaMDa have bIjA ane trIjA saMvatsaranA vaccenA gaNe che. eTale ke so jhumakhAMmAM 99ne 366 divasanA aMtarano vicAra karIe. uparamAM kahI gayA chIe lakhe che ne 10muM 365 divasanuMja lakhe che. Ama ke vikrama saMvatsaranI Adi kharI rIte, isvI anekavidha prayogo karIne, baMne gaNatrIvALAo dekhItI sananI Adi karatAM 56 varSane badale eka rIte bhale kAMIka aMze bhinna paDatA dekhAya che, chatAM varSe thaI che. vaLI tenA TIppaNamAM jaNAvyuM che tatva jotAM amuka varSe-kahe ke dareka pAMca pAMca varSake IsavInA zakanI Adi Isu devanA janma pachI teo lagabhaga evA te nikaTa AvI jAya che ke cothA varase eTale ke trIjA ane cothA varSanI baMne vaccenI bhinnatA naSTa thaI jaIne baMne vacce vaccenA samaye thaI che. A be satra ApaNI pAse kema jANe aikyatA-sAmyatAja maMDANa 2 pAyArUpe raju thayAM che. te upara vicAra karIne tenI na hoya, tevuM jaNAyA kare che. kahevAnI matalaba tArikhanA nirNaya upara AvavAnuM kAma have ApaNe e che ke, IsvIsananA zakanA AraMbhana divasa karavuM rahe che. hAla je jAnyuArInI pahelI tArikhe gaNAya che: | vikrama saMvatsaranuM dareka varSa ApaNe jANIe ane teno divasa, vartamAnakALe jema vikramArkanA trIjA chIe ke caMdranI gati pramANe 354 divasa ane upara mAsamAM (pauSamAM Ave che, tema prAcIna samaye paNa keTalIka ghaDInA mApanuM gaNAya che. jyAre IsvIsananuM teja (paNa) mAsamAM AvatA hatA. eTale ke vikamArka varSa sUryanI gati pramANe 365 divasa upara keTalIka saMvatano AraMbha, vartamAna kALanI mAphaka okaTobara paDIne mApanuM gaNAya che. A pramANe eka ja varSamAM, nI paMdaramI tArIkhathI naveMbaranI paMdaramI sudhImAMja baMnenA varSamALanA samayamAM lagabhaga agiyAra divasano prAcIna kALamAM paNa thatuM hatuM. have sAbita thayuM taphAvata paDI jAya che. te taphAvata vimAnI kALa- kahevAze ke vikramArkano AraMbha prativarSe okaTobaragaNanAmAM pAMca pAMca varSe be adhika mAsa umerIne navembaramAM ja thato ane IsavInA zakano prAraMbha tathA amuka varSanA aMtare eka mAzano kSaya karIne jAnyuArImAM ja thato; jethI banenA AraMbha vaccenuM eTale ke agiyAra mAsanuM eka varSa gaNIne-badho aMtara aDhIthI traNa mALanuM ja gaNI zakAze. te phera kApI nAkhavAmAM Ave che. tema karIne tene sUryanI hisAbe, kaniMgahAma sAhebane je mata uparamAM TAMko gati pramANe gaNutAM varSonI kALagaNanAnI samIpe che ke, bane saMvatsara vaccenuM aMtara 56 varSa che lAvI mUke che. jyAre sUryanI gati pramANe kALamAna te Ta Tharaze paNa tene badale 56 varSa (56 gaNuvAtA IsvIsanamAM, cAra cAra varSe eka lIpa varSa ane ra thI traNa mAsanuM) athavA bahuta 57 (Leap) varSa lekhI temAM 366 divasa gaNe che. varSanuM te hatuM ema kahevuM paDaze; sivAya ke IsvIsanane uparAMta cAraso varSanA kALamAM, AvAM cAra cAra varSanAM prAraMbha kALa, vartamAnamAM je jAnyuArInI pahelI se jhumakhAMene je kALa Ave, temAMne chello guNaka, tArIkhathI gaNAya che, tene badale anyathA gaNAtA je zatAbdine Ave che te varSamAM pAchA 365 divasa ja hoya 70. A bAbatamAM kevI sthiti che te vize ApaNe (68) ema kAMIka yAda Ave che ke, IsavIsananI gaNa (18) kAI kaheze ke 56 barAbara ja che, kheTuM nathI; trImAM paNa prAcIna samaye kelenDara mAsa tarIke je gaNanA kAraNa ke pa7 pahelAM traNa mahine vikrama saMvatsarane prAraMbha karatI hatI temAM madhyakAlIna samaye pheraphAra karavAmAM Ave thayo che eTale pA ne phera rahyo. paNa tema samajanAra che. chatAMye eka varSanI je 365 divasanI gaNatrI atyAre bhUlI jAya che ke vikrama saMvata okaTobaramAM zarU thayo che ane che temAM to phera nathI ja paData. AvI dhAraNAthI ja meM te bAda traNa mahine jAnyuArI Ave che. eTale ke traNa mAsa ahIM vivecana karyuM che. bAkI vizeSa prakAza te te viSayanA 56 ke 57 mAM umeravA joIe, nahIM ke bAda karavA joIe, je jJAtA hoya te pADaze evI vinaMti che, (70 paranI TI, naM. 18 juo,

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dvitIya paracheda ]. cokkasa gaNane 111 kAMI paNa uccArIe tenA karatAM te viSayanA abhyA- varSanuM gaNavAne badale 56 varSanuM che ema siddhAMta sIeja ajavALuM pADI batAve te vizeSa uccIta tarIke svIkArIne kAma levuM rahe che. gaNAze. chatAM ApaNe kAMIka hiMmatathI kahI zakIe upara jaNAvI gayA chIe ke pratyeka nutana chIe ke mi. kaniMgahAma jevA jhINavaTamAM utaranAra vikramAne prAraMbha okaTobarathI naveMbaranA madhya ane zodhakhoLanA aThaMga abhyAsIe, je kAMi mata sudhImAM thaI jAya che ane tene trIje eTale paNa uccAryo haze te pAkI tapAsa vinA ke pitAne mAsa cAlatuM hoya tyAre IsavInA tana varSane pUrAvAnI khAtrI thayA vinA te nahIM ja ucAryo hoya. AraMbha thAya che. eTale ke jyAre jayAre vikramavarSanA eTale temaNe je 56 varSanuM aMtara jaNAvyuM chepahelA traNa mAsamAM banelI hakIkata samaya, IsachatAM ApaNI gaNatrIthI pA-pA nuM ja Ave che vInA zakamAM darzAve che, tyAre tyAre jUnuM varSa ane tethI cha mAsa ke aDadhA varSane je phera gaNavuM, athavA jene itihAsakAro so many paDe che tenuM kAraNa ApaNe zodhavuM rahe che. have years expired1 ema kahI batAve che te je 56 Ave che te teno artha e thayo ke, dareka samajavuM; ane pauSa mAsa pachInA bAkI rahetA nava pUrNakanI sAthe 3 varSa joDavAnuM che. vaLI ApaNane mAsane samaya batAvavA mATe navuM varSa gaNavuM; athavA ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke krAIsTadevanA janma pachI aitihAsika bhASAmAM jene such and such trIjuM varSa pUruM thaIne cothuM cAlatuM hatuM te samaye year current ema kahe che te lakhavuM. IsavIsananI zarUAta thaI che. te pachI uparanA teja pramANe Vice versa=ulaTuM sulaTuM samajI sUtranA AdhAre, traNanA AMka sAthe 3 varSane apUrNaka levuM. eTale ke IsavInA zakamAM je banAvane samaya meLavI, nizcayapaNe te samaya batAvavA mATe savAtraNa jAnyuArIthI sapTembara sudhIno hoya, tene vikamArkamAM varSanuM aMtara hatuM ema kahevuM paDaze. ane tema karIe darzAvo heya te tyAM vikrama saMvata "cAlu" lakhavo, te mi. kaniMgahAmanI gaNatrImAM je cha mahinAno ane okTobarathI DIseMbarane samaya darzAva hoya phera Ave che tene upAya ApaNe be rItathI karI te vikrama varSa "jUnuM athavA gata" ema lakhavuM. zakIe chIe (1) kAM te isavInA zakanA prAraMbhane tevI ja rIte mahAvIra saMvatane IsavIsananI cha mAsa Agho laI ja (2) athavA krAIsTa devanA tArIkhamAM tathA isavIsananI tArIkhane mahAvIra janmane cha mAsa vahelo TharAva. eTale ke naM. 1no saMvatamAM pheravI zakAya che; phera mAtra eTalo ja ke upAya letAM, vartamAnakALa IsavIsanane prAraMbha je 1lI vikrama ane IsavInA zaka vacce 5kAnuM aMtara che ane jAnyuArIthI lakhAya che tene badale 1 julAIthI tethI pa6 ane 57 no AMka vAparavo paDe che tene gaNuM ane naM. 2 no upAya kabUla rAkhIe te badale mahAvIra ane IvInA zaka vaccenuM aMtara krAIsTa devanA janma pachI varSe (traNa varSa ne parA (470+56) varSanuM hovAthI pa26 ane nava mAse) IsavIsanano prAraMbha thayo hato ema pa27 nA AMkano upayoga karavo paDaze. tevI ja gaNavuM. kayuM satya che te saMzodhake zodhI kADhaze. bAkI rIte vikrama saMvatsarane mahAvIra saMvatamAM pherava jyAM sudhI te binA nizcitapaNe sAbita na thaI zake che athavA mahAvIra saMvatane vikramamAM pherave heya tyAM sudhI, benI vaccenuM aMtara, hAla turata tA 56. te uparanA jevuM te muzkela nathI. kAraNa ke te () A. D. darzAvavAne hoya tyAre expired (7) lakhAya paNa B. c. (i. sa. 5) darzAvavAno hoya tyAre To come' or `in store' = have pachI AvatuM, ema lakhavuM paDe. (72) mahAvIra ane vikrama vaccenuM aMtara 470 varSanuM che ane vikrama tathA isanI vaccenuM aMtara 56 che e

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- - - - - - - - - - - eka bhrama ane [ aSTama khaMDa be saMvatsara vaccenuM aMtara pUNuMkanI saMkhyAmAMja A pramANe niyamanuM sthApana karyuM gaNAya. paNa che; ane te AMka 470 ne che. eTale arasaparasamAM tenuM barAbara pAlana karI batAvI AMkaDAmAM utArI teja AMkanI vadhe ke ghaTa karavAthI badhe meLa barAbara batAvAya te vAcaka janatAnI samajaNamAM vizeSa besI jaze. daDhatAthI ThasI jAya; mATe tenAM daSTAMta ApIzuM. | vikrama varSa isvInuM varSa (1) 1 lAnA kArtika mArgazIrSa ane pauSa = i. sa. pU. 57 okaTe. na. DIse (2) 57 mAnA , ,, , = - 1 , " " (3) 58 mAnA , , , = I. sa. 1 , , , (4) 1 lAnA mAgha mAsathI Adhina sudhI = I. sa. pU. 56 nA jAvu thI sapTe (5) pa7 mAnA , ,, , = I. sa. 1 nA , , (6) 58 mAna , , = I. sa. 2 nA , jyAre tene uthalAvIne darzAvavuM hoya te IsvInuM varSa | vikramanuM varSa (7) i. sa. pU. 57 nA re, na, DIse = 1 lAnA kArtika, mArga ane pauSa (8) I. sa. pU. pa7 nA jAnyu thI sapTe = 1 lAnA mAgha thI Adhina . (9) I. sa. pU. 1 nA okTa, na, DIse = 57 nA kArtika, mArga ane pauSa (10) I. sa. 1 ne janya thI sapTe = 57 nA mAdha thI Adhina (11) I. sa. 1 nA okaTo, na, DIse = 58 nA kArtika, mArga ane paiSa (12) I. sa. 2 ne jAnyu thI sapTe = 58 ne mAgha thI Adhina ItyAdi ItyAdi. vikrama ane isavInA sananuM aMtara 55 ke 5chA thatAM, tene putra tenI gAdIe beTho che. A pramANe varSanuM gaNAya che. temaja IsunA janma pachI te bane banAvone AMka 60 ne thatuM hovAthI traNa varSane kALa gayA pachI koInA manamAM ema vibhrama thavA pAme che, zuM eka bhrama ane temane zaka cAlu thayo hovAnuM vikramAdityanA maraNane ane IsunA saMvatanA prAraMbhane tenuM nivAraNa jaNAyuM che, te hakIkata ApaNe ke isunA janma divasane kAMI saMbaMdha che kharA ? te jaNAvI gayA chIe. A eTaloja uttara ApavAnuM ke te mAtra vibhrama ja che: bannene saravALe karavAmAM Ave te 5643 tene khulAse nIce pramANe jANo. athavA 5643=60 sAThanA AMkaDe pahoMcI prathama IsunA janma sAthe vizvama tapAsI laIe. javAya che. jyAre bIjI bAju zakAri vikramAdityanuM isunA janma pachI 35 varSe temanA zakano prAraMbha rAjya paNa sATha varSa ja cAlyuM che ane tenuM maraNa thayo che eTale temano janma te i. sa. pU. 4 mAM te banne vaccenA aMtarano saravALo karavAthI 470+56= parAM bAkI che uparAMta 57 mA varSanA chellA traNa mAsa 526 mahAvIra ane Isa vaccenuM aMtara Avaze. bAkI hatA tyAre, ema samajavAnuM che. jethI ahIM pannA (73) 56 varSane sAmAnya artha karIe te 56 pUre pahelA traNa mAsanAM nAma na lakhatAM, chellA traNa mAsanAM thaIne 57 muM cAlatuM hatuM tyAre, ema lakhAya che. paNa atre nAma lakhyAM che) I. sa. lakhavuM hoya te prathamanA traNa mAsa che. Isa. pU. nI vAta che. eTale tene artha pa6 varSa lakhavAM paDe..

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dvitIya pariccheda ] thayA hatA ema kahevAya. jyAre vikramanuM maraNu tenA peAtAnA saMvatsaranA sAThamA varSe che. vaLI eTaluM paNa cAkkasa karyuM che ke teneA saMvata tenA rAjyanA prathama divasathIja ArabhAyA che. eTale jo A be tArIkhAne upara batAvelI arasaparasa pherabadalI karavAnA niyame lakhavAmAM Ave, te vikramane rAjyAbhiSeka athavA vikramasaMvatane prAraMbha i. sa. pU. 57 mAM lakhAze ane tenA rAjyanA aMta athavA tenuM maraNu 4. sa. 4 mAM lekhAze. tA pachI isuteA janma jene ApaNe I. sa. pU. 4 mAM banyA haivAnuM jaNAvyuM che tene ane vikrama saMvatanA prAraMbha dinane 53 varSanuM [i.sa. pU. 57 mAMthI I.sa. pU. 4 bAda karatAM 53]aMtara dekhAze jyAre vikramanA rAjyanuM aMtara cha varSanuM [I.sa.pU. 3+. sa. 4] aMtara Avaze. eTale ke bemAMthI eka pazu AMka 60 varSanA thatA ja nathI; paNa lagabhaga mATheka varSoMnA phera rahI jAya che. tenuM nivAraNa have bIjo vibhrama tapAsIe. temAM IsunA zaka sAthenA saMbaMdha vize vicAravAnuM che. tenA prAraMbha I. sa. 1mAM thayAnuM ane vikramanuM rAjyAreAhaNu i. sa. pU. 15 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 113 57mAM thayAnuM gaNAvyuM che; kemake isunA zakanA prAraMbha kALanI agAu 57muM varSa ghaNuMkharUM utarI gayuM hatuM ane 56muM vaSa~ gaNAvAne mAtra chellA traNeka mAsaja bAkI rahyA hatA tyAM vikramasaMvatane AraMbha-kaDA ke tene rAjyArUDha thavAne prasaMga-banyA che; ane tenuM rAjya tA sATha varSa cAlyuM hatuM ema jaNAvAyuM che. eTale I. sa. 4 (i. sa. pU. 57mAMthI 60 varSa bAda karatAM i. sa. 4 Ave che ) besI gayAne cha thI ATha mAse tenuM maraNa thayAnuM lekhAze. matalaba ke A khIjA banAvanI sAthenuM aMtara paNa nathI 60 nA AMka vALuM: paraMtu 57 ane 4 nA AMkanuM che. eTale tenA sa`baMdha pazu asaMbhavita ja gaNAya. A pramANe banne pakSo vicArI jotAM, prathamamAM AMka 53 ane 7 Ave che ane bIjAmAM te AMka 57 ane 4 Ave che, jyAre ApaNe te te AMka 6ntA hAya tAja baMne banAvAne saMbaMdha haiAvAnuM kAMI e vicAravuM rahe che ane tema teA nathIja, te spaSTa che. eTale tApa e thayeA ke, je prazna udbhaLyA che te mAtra vibhrama ja che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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OMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOMOM navama khaMDa nara %%*OMOM OMOMOM SUSM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mamarAva - - - me o na va ma khaMDa H bAbA ramAvAI prathama pariccheda kuzAna vaMza kuzanavaMzanI nAmAvalI tathA samayAvaLI kuzanavaMza; hiMdabahAranA sattAdhArI tarIke kaDaphasIjha pahele kaDaphasIjha bIje out our website - - - - khAkha dvitIya pariccheda kazAna vaMza (cAlu); hiMdamAM sattAdhArI tarIke (1) kaniSka pahele (2) vAsiSka-vaSkaH jhegya, zuSka (3) haviSka (4) kaniSka bIje (5) vAsudeva tathA aMtima rAjAo - - - - ka . tRtIya paricacheda kazAna vaMzanA sUbAo paratvenIja metika ane caThaNa nI samajUti . - - - - - - - - - remix - - Join u opposite Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda kazAna vaMza TUMka sAraH--kuzAnavaMzanA samaya I. sa. 100 bAdanA che eTale ke A pustakanI samaya maryAdA TapI jAya che, chatAM tenuM varNana ApavuM paDe che te saMbaMdhI pravezakamAM Apela khulAsA----hUNa ane kuzAna prajAnA Arya tarIkenA Apela paricaya tathA te menI vaccenA batAvela taphAvata--kuzAnanI sattAnA ane rAjyakALanA karI Apela nirNaya-- judAjudA vivAda karI, upajAvI Apela temanI nAmAvaLI tathA temane anukrama-- aMtamAM temanA saMbaMdhI atyAra sudhI cAlI AvatI dUra karelI bhramaNA--tema karavA jatAM vacce vacce ubhI thatI muzkelIonA Apela khyAla ane chevaTe geADhavI mApela sAlavArI-- kuzAna prajAmAM samAyalI jAtionuM Apela varNana tathA udbhava--kuzAna prajAnA phaDasIjha pahelA sAthenA saMbaMdha kevA prakAranA hAI zake tenI karela carcA--tathA tenA rAjakIya jIvanane Apela Ache khyAla kaDIjha bIje hiMdanRpati thaye| hAvA chatAM, tene bahAranA kema gaNavAmAM Avye che tenuM patAvela kAraNa--tenA jayaparAjaya tathA rAjyavistAra saMbaMdhI lIdhela lakhANapUrvaka tapAsa--uttara hiMdanAM e mATAM zaherA, takSilA ane mathurA, tenA rAjakIya jIvana sAthe keTale darajje saMkalita hAI zake tenI praznottarI karIne batAvI Apela nirNaya--kuzAna saMvatanI sthApanA vizenA Apela thADAka ghaTasphoTa,

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118 "prAcIna bhAratavarSa" nAmanA A pustakamAM samasta bhArata dezanA pratihAsa lakhavAnA IrAdA che ema ApaNe jAhera karyuM che. vaLa varNana AlekhanamAM muMjhavaNa pravezaka urjA na thAya te mATe bhArata dezanA-hiMdanA ApaNe e bhAga pADayA che. uttara hiMdu ane dakSiNuM hiMda. temAMthI prathama ApaNe uttara hiMdanA itihAsa lakhavAnuM hAtha dharyuM hatuM, kAraNa ke te vizeSa sulabdha che. temaja vizeSapaNe paricita paNa che, uparAMta vizeSapaNe mahattvapUrNa paNa che. A pramANe uttara hiMdanuM varNana lakhatAM, tenA prAraMbhamAM, ati prAcIna samayanI sAthe A pustakanA samaya varcyunanI maryAdA khAMdhI, te enI vaccene saMbaMdha joDI batAvavAnA sAthI prathama prayAsa karyA che. te bAda eka pachI eka je rAjavaMzeAe pratApavaMtA ane sAnAnA akSare lakhAI rahe tevA mahattvazIla rAja kAryabhAra calAvyA hatA te darekane itihAsa kramAnukrame dArI batAvyeA che. temAM eka magadha sAtrAjya ane khIjI avaMti sAmrAjya-te khenI hakIkateAe ati moTA bhAga rokI lIdhA che; kemake te sthitine sarvarItIe te lAyaka ja che. sAthe sAthe je paradezI sattAoe hiMda upara caDI AvI, tenA itihAsamAM je kAMI kALeA pUrAvyA che. tenuM paNa vismaraNa thavA dIdhuM nathI. alakhatta te jeTalA darajje paradezIpaNuM jALavI rAkhatA dekhAyA che, teTalA darajje ApaNe paNa temane dUraja rAkhyA che. eTale ke tevI hakIkatAne mAtra aMgulI nirdeza ja karI gayA chIe; jema ke IrAnI zahenazAha sAIrasa ane Deriasa, bekaTrIana saradAra yuthIDImAsa, Adie hiMdu upara caDI AvI mAtra peAtAne dravyalAbha saMtASAtAM, tenI tarapha pITha pheravI dUrlakSa karyuM hatuM, teja pramANe ApaNe paNa temanA nAmaneA atrataMtra chUTAchavAyA ullekhaja karye rAkhyA che. jyAre temanA je vArasadAra| ane saradAre| hiMdane potAnIja mAtRbhUmi gaNIne, hiMdamAM ja vasavATa karI rahyA temanAM jIvana caritra jeTalAM jeTalAM maLA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat suzAna vaMza [ navama khaMDa teTalAM teTalAM yathAzakti varNavI batAvyAM che. jemake, DimeTrIsa, minenDara, bhUmaka, nahapALu, meAjhIjha, ajhIjha I. I. sAthe sAthe je keTalAMka nAnAM nAnAM hatA zakayAM rAjye khUNe khAMcare uttara hiMdamAM rAjya calAvI rahyAM hatAM tene paNa khanatAM sudhI visAmAM nathI ja-jevAM ke saiArASTra dezanA zAhI rAjAo, kAzmi ranA jAyAka ane dAmeAdara, magadhanA dazaratha ane zAlizuka Adi, matalaba ke kAI paNa rAjasattAne bhUlyA sivAya svakti anusAra, sArAye uttara hiMdanA rAjakartAonA itihAsa atyAra sudhI A pustakamAM dAkhala karI dIdhA che. eTale te pradeza kheDIne ApaNe have dakSiNa hiMda tarapha vaLIe teA yeAgya gaNAze nahIM. chatAM tema karatAM pahelAM, itihAsamAM mazahura thayelI pelI prajAne-kuzAna vaMzane-kAMIka paricaya karAvavA jarUrI lAge che. kAraNa ke (1) temane samaya-athavA te temaNe pravartAvela saMtsaranA samayavidvAnoe i. sa. 78te mAnyA che. eTale temanA mate A vaMzane lagatI hakIkata A pustaka mATe DarAvelI maryAdAnI aMdaraja AvI jatI gaNAya. (2) temanA zakanI Adi vizenA vidvAneAnA matathI judA paDIne mArI mAnyatA tenAthI laMbAvIne jarA AvI laI javI paDe che, eTale I. sa. 100 nI hrada vaTAvI devI paDe che. te kAraNathI siMddhAMta pramANe te temane kiMcit sparza karyA vinAja mAre AgaLa vavuM joI e; paraMtu temanA samaya te maryAdAnI (I. sa. 100 nI ) bahuja lagAlaga AvI jatA heAvAthI temaja temaNe bhAgavela sattAne lIdhe AkhA hiMdanI saMskRti upara je bhinna prakAranI chApa paDI gaI che te uparathI, temanA vize vistRtapaNe nahIM tA, chevaTe jeTaluM AgaLa upara agatyanuM thaI paDe tevuM heAya athavA teA itihAsanI racanAmAM kAragata thatuM lAgatuM hAya, teTaluM te ApaNe jANavuM ja rahe che. (3) vaLI keTaleka ThekANe evI mAnyatA pracalita thatI jaNAI che ke, hiMdanI Arya prajAnI utpatti Na prajAmAMthI (je raMge sapheda heAvAthI The whites tarIke pazu oLakhAya che) thaI che ane www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] temanA janmapradeza hiMdanI bahAra himAlayanI uttaramAM gaNAya che. uparAMta A Nu prajA ane atra vavavA dhArelo kuzAna prajA, banne eka khIjAnI zAkhA rUpa hovA saMbhava che athavA tA ekbIjA sAthe ati nikaTanA saMbaMdha dharAvatI manAI che. eTale A prakAranI mAnyatAnI satyAsatyanA tapAsavAnI paNa jarUra lAge che. hUNa ane kuzAnAnI A prajAmAM thatI gaNanA uparanAM traNa kAraNAmAMnAM pratharatAM e evA prakAranAM che ke temane jo sAthe graMtha mAM Ave te temanI vicAraNA ekaja vivaraNamAM thaI zake tema che. temaja te bahu lakhANa pUrvaka carcavA yAgya viSaya che. eTale te muddA hAtha dharavApUrve prathama teA trIjo suddo ja vicArI levA vyAjakhI gaNAze. vizenI vicAraNA prAcIna AryaprajAnA eka bhAgane gUrjara prajAnA nAmathIra oLakhAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. te prajAnuM mULasthAna jyA` A prAMta (uccAranA sAmyapaNAne lIdhe) haze ema kalpanA karavAmAM AvI che. vaLI te jyA A prAMta, hAlanA kALA samudra ane kAspiane samudra vacce ane eziyAI turkastAnanA IzAna khUNe athavA IrAnanA vAyavya khUNe AvelA krokresasa parvata vALA4 pradezamAM hAine, AryaprajAnI utpattinuM sthAna tyAMja rahevuM joie evI kalpanA` karAI che. tyAra pachI tyAMthI, te prajAnAM TALeTALAM maLIne jIvananI jarUrItA meLavI levA cAre bAju vikharAvA mAMDI haze (1) jIe pu. 3 pR. 392 mATe pu. 7 pR. 297 nu varNana tathA TIkA jIA) tema keTalIka vakhata ADe raste dAravanAra paNa nIvaDamAM che (jemaka (2) jIe pu. 3 pR. 385thI AgaLa. (3) uccAranA sAmyapaNAnAM viparIta pariNAma vize seDrekeTasa te caMdragupta nathI paNa zevana che. jIe nIcenuM TIpaNu naM. 6 jue. pu. ramAM tenu vRttAMta: A deza te driAki samudranA to pradeza nathI paNa akhastAna deza che. jIe pu. 1 p 20, 265) (4) pu. 3 pR. 392 (5) eka vakhata ema paNa kalpanA thaI hatI ke eziAI turkastAnamAM Avela yukreTIsa ane TAigrIsa nadInA vaccenA pradezamAMja tenuM utpattisthAna haiAvuM joie. (jIe nIcenI TIkA naM. 13) (6) uccAranA sAmya upara racAyalAM anumAnA keTalIka vakhata sAcAM ane kA sAdhaka paNa nIvaDacAM che ( dRSTAMta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 119 e prakAranI mAnyatA bAMdhavAmAM AvI che. paNa te bahu vizvAsanIya dekhAtI nathI. kemake eka te tene pAyeAja, uccAranI mAtra sAmyatA upara racAyA che, eTale taddana kAlpanika che. temaja khIjuM eka sabaLa kAraNa tenI virUddhamAM jatuM e batAvI zakAya tema che, ke AryaprajAnA hiMduzAstromAM temanI utpatti jaMbUdrIpamAMthIja thaI hAvAnuM haMmezAM jaNAvAyuM che. ane zAkadvIpanI prajAne anAya lekhavAmAM AvI che. jyAre A kArkasa parvatanuM sthAna prAcIna samaye te zAkadvIpanI aMdaraja samAviSTa thayeluM ApaNe joI gayA chIe. eTale bhArapUrvaka kahI zakAze ke kaoNMgresasa paryaMtavALA pradeza anArya prajAnuM sthAna heAIne Arya prajAnA utpattisthAna tarIke mAnI zakAya nahi. haju ema khanI zake kharuM ke, Arya prajAnuM utpatisthAna anya je heAya tyAMthI te khasatI khasatI amuka vakhate A kAkrasasa parvatanA pradezamAM peAtAnuM thANuM jamAvIne TharIThAma meThI heAya. A kAraNane lIdhe kadAca teTale darajaje A pradezane pazu A home of the Aryans Arya saMsthAna kahI zakAya kharUM. jema vaidika dharmanA zruti-smRti ane upaniSad jevA graMthAnA kartAneRSi munione ApaNe zasthAnanA vatanI hAvAnuM jaNAvI gayA chIe" ane te zamyAna te kAI khIjuM sthAna nahiM paNa vartamAna samaye agAnistAnanA naiRtya khUNAmAM Avela hamama sareAvaranI AsapAsanA pradeza ke jene zistAna kahevAmAM Ave che (7) nue pu, 3. pR. 133 (8) A praznanuM utpattisthAna ane mA prajAnuM sasthAna te be zabdo vaccenA taphAvata A upasthI samartha zakAze. sarakhAvA nIcenI TIkA na, 10 (9) jIe pu. 3 pR. 137-132 2: www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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--- - - - - -- -- 120. huNa ane kuzAna [ navama khaMDa teja che, ema ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe. eTale laI hiMdamAM praveza kare paDyo hato. eTale ke jyAre te apekSAthI te sthAnane paNa A home of the paNa teone hiMdamAM utaravuM paDayuM hatuM tyAre upara Aryans kahI zakAya tema cheja. A uparathI ema sUcavyA pramANenaja raste le po hate. ane paNa sAbita thAya che ke Arya prajAnI utpatti A pradeza paNa jaMbudvIpamAMja (juo pu. 3mAM pR. bhale kaI amuka sthAne ja thaI gaNe, chatAM tyAMthI 120thI AgaLanuM varNana) Avela hovAthI prajAne tenAM judAM judAM ToLAM baMdhAIne judI judI dizAmAM paNa AryaprajAnA eka aMza tarIke ja ApaNe lekhavI vikherAvavA mAMDela hovA joIe, ema lakhavuM paDaze. rahe che. temAMnuM eka kaoNkesisa parvatavALA pradezamAM gayuM haze. kuzAna prajAnuM mULasthAna kyAM hatuM te haju sudhI vaLI bIjuM yukreTIsa nadIvALA pradezamAM jamAvaTa cakkasapaNe jaNAyuM nathI paNa tenuM saraNa je mA, karI paDela haze tema trIjuM A zasthAnavALA pradezamAM thaIne hiMdamAM thayuM che te uparathI nizaka kahI zakAya paNa utarI paDela haze ema kahI zakAze. tema che ke hiMdukuzanI pelI pAra te sthaLa hovuM joIe. ATaluM vivecana AryaprajAnA eka be vibhAganuM pachI te madhya eziyAnA turkastAna tarapha paNa hoya jaNAvI gayA bAda have ApaNe kuzAna ane hUNa ke himAlayanI uttare khoTAna ane tibeTanA pradezamAM prajAnA janmasthAna bAbatanI vicAraNA karavA vaLIe. paNa hoya. keTalIka hakIkatathI ema anumAna cokkasa A kuNu prajAne hiMdukuza parvata taraphanI prajA paNe baMdhAya tema che ke te tibeTanA pradezamAM ja heI tarIke lekhavAmAM Ave che. ane upara jaNAvI gayA ke jyAre keTalIka hakIkta ema paNa sAbitI Ape pramANe AryaprajAnAM traNa TALAM judI judI dizAmAM che ke, himAlayanI uttarane badale te madhya eziyAmAM jema patharAI gayAM hatAM tema A prajA paNa hiMdukuza vasatI prajAja haze. vizeSa zodhakhoLathI game te parvatanI uttara ane pUrva dizAmAM vasatI hovAthI tathA sthAna nirNita thAya paraMtu eTaluM te nakkI thAya che ja te parvatanuM bhItara cIrIne hiMdamAM AvavAno koI mArga ke kuNa prajA ane kuzAna prajA banne judI judI ja na hovAthI prathama tene pitAnA sthAnathI pazcima dizAe che. ( vaLI AgaLanA pArigrAphe varNana vAMco) ane vaLavuM paDayuM hatuM ane te bAda dakSiNa taraphano mArga jyAre judI judI ja che tyAre temanAM vastI sthAna (10) utpattisthAna eTale, tyAMthI temano janma thaye, pahelAMnAM vRttAMte. temAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, temane cInAI te pahelAM tyAM vastino sarvathA abhAvaja hato ema nahIM; zahenazAha sAtha hI saMbaMdha bAMdhavAnI vRtti utpanna paNa utpattisthAna eTale hiMdu dharmanI mAnyatA pramANe thaI hatI. je pralayakALa kahyo che tevo kALa saMpUrNa thaye, pharIne pAchI (12) caSaNane lagatI keTalIka hakIkata AgaLanA eka thatI zarUAta, tenuM nAma u5tti. paricchede ApavAmAM AvI che. tyAM ema sAbita thayuM che ane jainadharma pramANe kALacakrano eka bhAga, jene ke, ca9Ne A kazAnavaMzI prajAne kSatrapa tarIke pitAnuM utsapiNi ane avasarpiNikALa kahevAya che (juo 5. jIvana zarU karyuM che ane te kuzAna prajAnA zAkane anusaryo 1 paricheda pahelAmAM varNana) tevA pratyeka kALanI samApti che. matalaba ke te pote kema jANe kazAna prajAnA sabhya heya. thaIne, bIjAno prAraMbha thAya che te vaccenA aMtarano samaya pu. 2 pR. 57thI 63mAM kayAMka kayAMka caNune haNa prajAne tenuM nAma utpatti. hovAnuM meM jaNAvyuM che temAM have pheraphAra karavA jarUra lAge che. bAkI to duniyA poteja anaMta gaNAya che. eTale kadApI vaLI caSaNanA sikAone AdhAre te prajAnuM sthAna madhya tene aMta Avyo nathI ane AvavAno paNa nathI emaja eziyAnA turkastAnavALA bhAgamAM meM jaNAvyuM che. (juo kahI zakAya. eTale tenI utpattino savAla ja rahe te nathI. pu. 2 pR. 57 thI 63 tathA 5.3 5. 402 upara At (1) AgaLa u5ra juo vImA kaDaphasIjha ane kanika naM. 102 nA sikAnuM varNana) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] paNa judAMja hAvAM joie. paraMtu te sthAna jaMbUdvIpamAM hAvAthI te prajAne paNa Arya tarIkeja kala rAkhavI paDaze. AryaprajA tarIke ATaluM vivecana karIne have mULa praznane vicAra karavA upara vAcaka vargane mAre laI javA paDe che. pu, 3 mAM jaNAvAI gayuM che ke jaMbudvIpa ane zAkadvIpa vaccenuM joDANa, kAspIana samudrathI sIdhI lITI deratAM, jyAM AgaLa te IrAnI akhAtanA gvAdara baMdara (jIe pu. 3 pR. 136 sAme ceADela nakaze1; AkRti naM. 22mAM a jja nAmanI lITI) te maLe che te pradezanA sthAnane13 kahI zakAya; ane eTaluM te ceAsaja che ke Arya praznanuM mULasthAna jaMbUdrIpamAMja hatuM, nahi ke zAkadvIpamAM. eTale sAra e thayA ke mULasthAna tarIke ApaNe zodhIne je sthApita karavuM rahe che te, upara dArelI lITInI pUrva tarapha ja, eTale ke jaMbUdbIpanI dizAmAMja-hevuM joe. ATalI vastusthiti nakkI karI nAkhyA bAda ApaNe uparanA muddAemAM jaNAvI gayA pramANenA-Arya prajAnAbhinna zinna utpatti sthAnanI (Homes of the Aryans) hakIkatane joDIzuM, teA turata ja ApaNA praznanA ukela maLI jaze. Arya prajAnAM cAra pAMca TALAnAM sthAna ApaNe atyAra sudhImAM sUcavyAM kahevAya; jevAM ke, 1. kaeNkisasa parvatanA pradeza 2. yukreTIsa-TAigrIsanadI vALe| (13) athavA kAspIna samudrathI lITI derI, irAnI akhAta uparanA khasA ane kArneTa baMdarane meLavA ane te lITIvALA pradezane te sthAna he| (jIe pu. 3 pR. 136 sAmenI AkRti na. 22mAM OM vALI rekhA): A banne ekaja sthAna lagabhaga gaNAya tema che. eTale A praznanA niya upara AvavAmAM bahu phera paDavA saMbhava nathI. 4 lITIne pradeza no gaNavAmAM Ave te yukreTIsa ane TAigrIsa nadInA mukhavALe! bhAga ke jyAM bagadAda ane khasarA nAmanAM zaherA AvyAM che tene paNa AnI utpattinuM sthAna gaNI rAkAze (jue uparanI TIkA naM. 5 ). keTalAka vidvAneAnA mata pramANe SemeticOrigin-semeTIka erIjInane bhASAne lagatA siddhAMta je A utpatti tarIke 16 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 121 pradeza 3. zakasthAna-zistAna 4. hiMdukuza parvatanI uttara-pUrva dizAvALA pradeza ane 5. madhya eziyAnA pradeza. A pAMcamAMnA prathamanAM enA mULapradezanI gaNanA, zAkadvIpamAM ane chellA traNanI gaNanA, jaMbUThThIpamAM karI zakAya tema che. eTale te traNa vizeja ApaNe te prazna vicAravA rahe che. A traNe pradezane jo utpattinAM sthAna (athavA vadhAre spaSTapaNe kahIe te| Arya prajAnAM saMsthAna) tarIke svIkArI laI e, te ApaNI pharaja eTale AvIne aTakI paDatI gaNAze, je ApaNe kAI eka evuM sthaLa sAmAnyapaNe nakkI karavuM ke jyAMthI te prajAnA vibhAgA bhinna bhinna dizAmAM prayANa karI, uparanAM traNe sthAne upara pAtapAtAnAM saMsthAnA vasAvavA gayAnuM kahI zakAya. sahajapaNe uccArI javAya che ke, te sthAna madhya eziyAnA turkastAnanA je bhAgamAM, kheAkhArA ane mavuM nAme zaherA AvyAM che ane jyAM mIThAM pANIthI bharacaka erala samudra-sarAvara14 Avela che tathA jemAM ekasasa ane Amu nadInAM pANI ThalavAya che, te pradeza hAvA saMbhava che. vaLI prAcIna samayanA jaMkhUThThIpanI madhyamAM AvI rahela (vaidika tathA jaina dharmanA maMtavya pramANe) merU parvatanuM sthAna, A marve zaheranI AsapAsanA pradezamAM ja hAvAnI je mArI mAnyatA baMdhAI che ane te pramANe tene sAkhita karI che (jue pu. 3 mAM jaMbUdvIpane lagatI hakIkata pR. 128 thI AgaLa) te paNa gaNAya che te A kalpanAnusAra gaNI zakAya. (14) vyAkhyA pramANe te tene sareAvaraja kahI rAkASa tema che, kemake samudranu' pANI kadApI paNa mAThuM ha|I zakatuM nathI. paNa sAmAnya saravA karatAM enA vistAra ati meTA heAvAthI keTalAka tene samudra tarIke oLakhAve che. jyAre pANI mIThuM che (te eka viziSTatA thai) temaja sarovaramAMthI sAmAnyapaNe nadIe nIkaLe che paNa tene maLatI nathI, tyAre ahI te be meTI nadIe A erala sareAvarane maLe che. (A bIjI viziSTatA thaI). A prakAre bebe tenI viziSTatA hevAthI ema sAmAnyapaNe dhArI zakAya ke te sthAna kAMika viziSTa mahattvanuM hAvuM joie. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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131 A prakAranI vicAraNAmAMthI ja udbhava thavA pAmI che. temaja hiMdu hisTarI (i. sa. pU. 3000 thI I. sa. 1200 sudhInA samayanI)nA lekhakanA maMtavyathI A mArI mAnyatAnuM samarthana thAya che. temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke "Bactria, now Rusiatic Turke stan was our Balhika or Bakshu Desa a home of the Aryans in Central Asia= hAlamAM ziAI turkastAna kahevAtA, ekaTrIAvALA bhAgane aqhalamAM khAlhIka athavA azru deza kahevAtA, ane madhya eziyAmAMnI Aya prajAnuM saMsthAna te ja hatuM." AkhIye carcAne tAtpa e thayeA ke, (1) jaMbRhrI~panuM madhya biMdu jene prAcIna zAstrakArAe merU paryaMtanuM nAma ApyuM che tenuM sthAna madhya eziyAmAM Avela erala sarAvara vALA pradezamAM AvyuM saMbhave che.11 (2) te pradezamAM ma` ane khAkhIrA jevAM zahera! AvI rahela che. (3) te pradezane A prajAnuM mULa utpatti sthAna gaNAI zakAya tathA (4) tyAMthI te samaya jate peAtAnI AjIvikA meLavI levA mATe judAM judAM TALAM khanIte cAre dizAmAM phelAI gayela hAvAM joie. mArA A nirNaya acaLaja raheze ema huM kahetA paNa nathI. paraMtu A dRSTibiMdu raju karUM chuM te evI umedathI ke tenI virUddhamAM jatI dalIlA bahAra pADavAmAM Ave17. eTale jyAM sudhI te pramANenuM virUddha jatuM maMtavya sAbita na thAya tyAM sudhI meM batAvela niya hAla turata ApaNe strIkArIne kAma lIdhe jaI e te| anucita nahIM gaNAya. hUNa ane kuzAna jyAM ante mATe judA judAja sameAdhana vaparAya che tyAM temane eka hAvAnuM mAnI levuM te behuduja (15) jue hiM. hi. pR. 628 (16) A sa` hakIkata pustaka trInamAM sapUrNa paNe samAvI che tenA adhikAra mATe tyAM pR. 132thI AgaLanuM varNana jue. (17) vicAramAM levA jevI AvI eka be hakIkta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDa gaNAya, chatAM nIce jaNAvela keTalIka hakIkatane AdhAre temane eka prajA heAvAnuM hUNa ane kuzAna thoDo vakhata meM mAnI lIdhuM hatuM. eka ke bhinnabhinna? (1) kemake temanA vize kaI prakAranI vizeSa mAhitamAM te upalabdha thayela nathIja chatAM je thaiDuM ghaNuM ApaNA naNavAmAM AvyuM che, temAM te Nu ane kuzAna atrenAM vasatI sthAna himAlayanI pelI pAra hai|vAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. temaja baMnenA zarIreAnA vAna sapheda raMganA manAyA che. tema aMte laDAyaka ane zUravIra prazna hAine hiMdu upara caDhI Avo temaNe bannee rAjasattA hAtha karI lIdhI che. (2) uparAMta khIjuM eka sabaLa kAraNa e maLyuM hatuM ke caNune ma kuzAnavaMzI nakhIre! mAnI lIdhA hatA, kemake caNanAM siAcitrane AdhAre te praznanuM vatana paNa madhya eziyAmAM sAbita thaela cheH vaLI rAjatara`giNikAra jevA prakhara ane pramANika ItihAsavide kuzAnavaMzI prajAne ( kAzmIrapati kaniSka, haviSNu ane jISkanuM varNana karatAM karatAM ) Turushka i. e. Turkish nationalitynA jaNAvyA che18. eTale ke kuzAnavavaMzI prajAne madhya eziyAnA turkastAnamAMnI kAI prajAmAMthI utarI AvyAnuM manAvyuM che. matalaba ke ekaja pradezamAMthI baMne prajA [ caSNavALI ane kuzAnavaMzanI] uddabhavelI hAine temane eka tarIke mAnI lIdhI hatI.temAM vaLI(3) kuzAnavaMzI bAdazAGa kaniSkanI sAtheja, caNunI eka mUrti mathurA pAsenA mATa nAme gAmamAMthI19 maLI AvI che te) (4) tathA kaniSka je saMvata calAvye che teneAja Azraya cakhkhaNuvaMzIe lIdhA che20 tethI; A pramANenA be prasaMgAnI smRti jyAre joDavAmAM AvI tyAre te anumAnane vizeSa puSTi mAre kAne AvI che jenA ullekha A pustakanI prazastimAM kraryA che. (18) jIe pu. 2 pR. 403 (19) AgaLanA paricchede jI. (20) AgaLanA paricchede jI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] maLI gai hatI. te uparathI caNu ane kaniSkuvaMzIone kuzAnavaMzI harAvI dIdhA.vaLI upara darzAvelI naMbara 1tI dalIlamAM Na ane kuzAna prajAne paNa eka hAvAnI mAnyatA baMdhAI hatI. eTale siddhAMttanA pelA prasiddha niyama pramANe (By rule of axiom) caNane keTaleka ThekANe (juo, uparanA TippaNu naM. 12 mAM TAMkeluM pu. 3 pR. 63 nuM pramANa) dUNa prajAnA eka saradAra tarIke me varNavyA che. paNa have vizeSa abhyA sathI tathA saMzeAdhananA pariNAme jaNAya che ke caoSNunA sikAe 21 kuzAnavaMzIesanA sikkAethI taddana 2 judAMja citro raju kare che. temaja kuzAna vaMzIone bhale amuka ItihAsakAroe turkastAnanI elAdanAra kahyA hAya, paraMtu temanAM jIvanacaritro uparathI te|24 taMe cInanA zahenazAha sAthe ja vizeSa ne vizeSa leAhI saMbaMdhamAM joDAi gaela hAya evuM dekhAya che. tathA temanAM sikkA[catro anya krAi citrAne maLatAM haze ke kema te kahevuM jo ke hAla kaThIna tA heja, chatAM sAmAnya dRSTithI ema AbhAsa AvI jAya tevA cheja, ke te cinAI rakhaDhakhane kema jANe vizeSapaNe maLatA thaI jatAM hoya nAM ! tyAre pUrva khAMdhela anumAna pheravayeAja rahe che ane evA vicAra upara AvavuM rahe che ke (1) caNuvaMzI prajA madhya eziyAmAMthI utarI AvI haze . (ra) kuzAnavaMzIo tibheTa athavA te cInanI sAthe bahuja nikaTa saMpaka mAM AvatI praznanA pradezamAMthI utarI AvI haze (3) tathA phNu prajA himAlayanI pelI pAranA paNa hiMdu kuzanI lagAlaga Avela pAmIra athavA khATAnavALA prarkazamAMthI AvI haze. eka ke bhinna bhinna ? A pramANe traNene ahiMdI-himAlayanI pelI pAranA pradezanI-vatIyANu tathA pArvatIya, zItapradezI kahI zakAze, teo sarva parvata-pradezI hAvAthI temanAM zarIranAM (21) nue pu. 2 siAcitra paTa 2 AMka naM 42 tathA tene sikkA citro paTa naM. 5mAM AMka nI 85 thI 90 sAthe sarakhAvA, (22) uparanI TIkA na. 20 ntu, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 123 bAMdhA tathA kaivata tene anusarIne baMdhAyalAM hAvAM joI e, temaja te sarvenA keTalAka AcAra vicAra paNa kadAca arasaparasa maLatA AvatA heAvA saMbhava che. tethI tee eka khIjAne vizeSa maLatA thaI jatA ApaNane dekhAI Ave tevuM paNa banavA yAgya che. A sarva vastu paristhitithI ApaNe kadAca ema anumAnadArI jaie ke, kuzAnavaMzI saradAra kaDasIjha pahelAne yucI sahita25 je pAMca prajAnA saradAratarIke itihAsa lekhakoe26 eLakhAvyA che, te pAMca prajA A pramANe banelI haze. eka cinanI yucI, khIjI tibeTa athavA AsapAsa pradezanI kuzAna, trIjI pAmIra ane khATAnanI Nu, cothI madhya eziyAmAMnI caNavALI, ane pAMcamI khekaTrI rAjyanI nAmazeSa prazna yAnaH te tevuM anumAna bahu asaMbhavita gaNAze nahIM. upara pramANenA sayeAga AdhAre jyAre te sarve bhinna bhinna prajA haiAvAnuM ApaNe anumAna derI zakayA chIe, tyAre bIjI bAjuthI Nu prajAnI keTalIka khAsiyatanuM varNana, ApaNane je upalabdha thAya che, te uparathI paNa ApaNe tAravela anumAnane puSTi maLatI jAya che. te varNana pu. 3 pR. 390 nI TIkA naM. 21 mAM uSkRta karela che. chatAM yAda dAsta tAjI karavA, atra te pharIne utArIzuM. te zabdo A pramANe che. "hiMdanI badhI praNAlI kathA mihiragulane ( te Nu praznaneA saradAra che tethI dgu prajAnuM varNana che ema ApaNe samajavuM) lAhI tarasyA ane sItamagara tarIke varNavavAmAM saMmata thAya che. teo khetara ane gAmaDAM AgathI khALatAM ane kAI paNa jAtanA viveka vagaranI katleAmathI lehIthI relAyalAM jotAM, bhayavismRta thayelA leAkAne e tenAM sakhyA, baLa, jhaDapI gati tathA nivArI zakAya (23) uparanI TI. na. 18 jue, (24) temanAM vRttAMta AgaLanA paricchede jIe (25) pu. 3 pR. 142 tathA 329 (26) a, hi. iM. 4thI AvRtti pu. 213 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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124 kuzAna sattAne tathA [ navama khaMDa evI karatAno anubhava thayo. A badhA kharA bhAmAM zarIranA varNanamAM paNa teo bhinna ja tarI jatA temanA tINA avAja, jaMgalI cALA, tathA IsArAo dekhAya che. ane temanA vicitra beDoLapaNAthI nIpajatAM vismaya kuzAna prAnA samaya tathA temanI rAjasattAnI ane tIvra aNagamAnI lAgaNIthI umero ho, tulanA nirNaya karavAmAM saraLatA thaI paDe te mATe bAkInI manuSya jAtithI teo temanA pahoLA khabhA, temanA itihAsano prAraMbha karatAM capaTAM nAka tathA mAthAmAM uDI utarI gayelI nAnI kuzAna sattAne pahelAM, uparanA prakaraNamAM kALI AMkhothI judA paDatA hatA ane lagabhaga tathA rAjya sAbita thaI cUkelI keTalIka nahIM jevI dADhI hovAthI temanAmAM javAnInI mardAnagI kALano nirNaya prastAvika hakIkata vAcakagaNanI bharI zebhA ke ghaDapaNane AdaraNIya dekhAva nahotA smaraNa zaktine tAjI karavA jovAmAM Avate " jema A dUNa prajAnA zarIranA lakhI jaNAvavAnI jarUra dekhAya che. ItihAsa sAkSI caherAnuM ane bAhya dekhAvanuM varNana maLI AvyuM che Ape che ke temanI sattAno madhyAnhaDALa uttarahiMdanA tema caThaNavaMzanuM ke kuzanavaMzanuM che ke maLI AvatuM sUrasena dezamAM tha hato ane tenI rAjadhAnI nathI ja, chatAM temanAM je sikkAcitro maLI AvyAM mathurAnagarImAM hato. eTale temanA mULasthAnathI che, te uparathI te spaSTa paNe mAluma paDI Ave che. mathurA sudhI pahoMcavAmAM, vacce AvatA pradeza upara, atre te sarvenAM citro upajAvI kADhI sAthe sAthe kayA kayA samaya sudhI kaI kaI prajAno-pachI te joDI batAvyAM che te uparathI vAcakavargane sahaja hiMdI hoya ke ahiMdI haiya tevI bannene-rAjaamala khyAla AvI jaze ja ke, dRNa prajAnI brAhyAkRti cAlI rahyo hato, teno khyAla najara AgaLa nathI koI prakAre maLatI AvatI caThaNa jAtivALA rAkhIzuM te A kuzAna prajAno amala hiMdamAM sAthe, ke nathI AvatI kuzanavaMzI vALA sAthe. mata- kayArathI baLavAna thavA pAmyo hato te turata zodhI laba ke, AgaLa varNavI gayA pramANe jema nivAsa kaDhAze, eTale te vizeno TUMka paricaya ApaNe ApI sthAnane aMge teo judA paDI jAya che, tema daIe. te A pramANe che - samaya sattAdhikArI pradeza (1) i. sa. pU. 327 thI 2 ( 317 sudhI = 10 varSa : grIka bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhanA sUbAo paMjAba upara hiMdu rAjavIo-temAM samrATa priyadarzinanA paMjAba tathA (2) i. sa. pU. 317 thI putra jAlauka ane tenA vaza kAzmira upara - I. sa. pU. 190 sudhI > savAso varSa samrATa priyadarzina, jAlokanA vaMzajo ane sUrasena upara chevaTe zuMgavaMzI samrATa kSaharATa ane bekaTrIana nAme praja; temAM khuda paMjAba ane (3) I. sa. pU. 190 thI bAdazAha tarIke, yutheDInesa, DimeTrIasa sUrasena I. sa. pU. 70 sudhInA ane minenDara; uparAMta temanA sUbAonAM upara 120 varSomAM nAme gaNe te, hagAma hagAmAza, rAjuvula, saMDAsa, lIaka ane pAtika (4) i. sa. pU. 70 thI inDe-pAthaana rAjA mejhIjha tathA tenA paMjAba ane - I. sa. 45 sudhInA 5 vaMzajomAMnA, ajhIjha pahelo, ajhIlIjha, sUrasena 115 varSamAM ajhIjha bIje, tathA geDephAranesa upara

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prathama pariccheda ] i. sa. pU. 327thI i. sa. 45 sudhInA lagabhaga 375 varSanA gALAmAM uttara hiMdanA sattAdhArI rAjAe kANu kANu thavA pAmyA hatA te A uparathI joI zakAze; A eka hakIkata che. jyAre khIjI hakIkata ema che ke, kurAAnavaMzIe pAtAnI sattAnA zikhare mathurApati banavA pAmyA hatA. A pramANe e vastusthiti ApaNI pAse rajI thayelI che. tema e paNa nirvivAdita che ke, te mULavatanI hiMdanA tA nathIja. eTale e paNa nirvivAdita paNe sAbita thayuM gaNAze ja ke jyAre tee mathurAti anavA pAmyA che tyAre temane hiMdanI aMdara praveza karavA ja rahyo. ane hiMdamAM praveza karavAne, uttara dizAe te himAlaya ane hiMdukuza parvata paDayA che. eTale hiMdukuza karIne ja temane AvavuM rahe che. tema pu. 3 mAM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, jene mathurA ke dilhI AvavuM hAya tene (phAve tA kAzmiramAM pahele Ave ke sIdheAja paMjAbamAM utare te paNa) paMjAbamAM thaI ne ja pasAra thavuM paDe, te vinA chUTakA nahIM. ATalI vastusthiti sAthe upara batAvelA cAra samayapatraka upara najara pheravI jaIzuM, tA mAlUma paDaze ke, te saghaLA dezeA upara, kAI ne kAI prajAnI sattA avicchina paNe cAlu ja che; vaLI eTaluM paNa nakkI ja che ke eka samaye eka pradeza upara ekanI ja hakumata hAI zake. eTale tepaNa cokkasa thayuM ke, I. sa. 45 sudhInA kALamAM te| kuzAna prajA hiMdamAM pagaluM sarakhuM mUkavA paNazaktivAna thaI nathI. bhale pachI teo hiMdanA sImA prAMtamAM game teTalI majabUta sattA jamAvIne paDAva nAMkhI.kheDA hAya te jAdA ja prazna kahevAya, paraMtu hiMdamAM te| temanuM nAma nizAna naheAtuM ja, te zaMkArahita che. tA prazna e upasthita thAya che ke, teo hiMdamAM AvyA te pahelAM, temanI sattA kayA pradezamAM hatI ane rAjyakALanA nirNaya (27) hiM. hi. pR. 653 (28) te kaniSka, haviSNu vagerenAM nAmaja temaNe lakhyAM heta te teA vicAra thayAM karata ke, kurAna ane tuzArane kAMI sabaMdha haze ke kema ! paNa nAma spaSTa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 125 ( tenA samaya kayA hatA ? eTale ApaNe hiMdanI vAyavya sarahadanI lagAlaga Avela dezane vicAra karavA paDaze. tevA dezamAM agAnistAna, tenI uttare ekaTrI ane tenI pUrva tarapha khATAna tathA tenI paNa pUrvamAM tibeTanA pradezA Avela gaNAya; have jo A prAMte upara kANu kANu rAjya karatuM hatuM tene vicAra karIzuM te naNu thaze ke, A cAramAMnA pahelA e deze! upara eTale aphagAnistAna ane bekaTrIA upara) uparanA cAra samaya patrakamAM darzAvela prathamanI traNa rAttAvALA bhUtine ja amala pradipaNe i. sa. pU. 75 sudhI te khIlI nIkaLyA hatA, eTale te samaya sudhI paNa kuzAnaprAnuM nAma nizAna te pradeza upara nahetuM ema siddha thayuM. tyAre pachI rahyA vicAravAnA bAkInA e pradezA, khATAna ane tibeTa. te zuM A kuzAnaprajA A e dezamAMnA kASThanI vasAhata hatI ke kema ? te tapAsanuM rahe che. N ahIM ApaNune eka e itihAsa lekhakAe je kAMika vicAra| darzAvyA che temanA zabda uparathI khAtamI maLe che. temAMnA eka graMthakAre lakhyuM che ke27 Hindu Puranas called them (KushanTochari people) Tushars or Tukharas; of the 13 or 14 Tushara kings, we know the names of only four:-Kanishka Huvishka, Juska and Vasudev or Vasushka=hiMdu purANAmAM temane ( kuzAna-teAcarI prajAne ) tukhAra tarIke oLakhAvyA cheH 13 ke 14 tuzAra bhUpatimAMthI mAtra cAranAMja nAmothI ApaNe paricita chIe. jevAM ke kaniSka, tuviSka, jIska ane vAsudeva urphe vasuSya. eTale ema thayuM ke, kaniSka, haviSNu vagerene purANakArAe tuSAra athavA tukhAra jAtinAra TharAvyA che. vaLI khIjA graMthakAra prakhyAta mi. vinsenTa smitha jaNAve che ku29 darzAvyAM che eTale ApaNI te muMjhavaNa naSTa thaI jAya che. ane tuzAra teja kuzAna ema nizcita mAnI levuM rahe che. (29) jue a. hiM. IM. 4thI AvRtti pR. 293 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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kuzAnasattAnA tathA [ navama khaMDa Formation of five Yue-chi-principa- II... Kadphasis II died in Sir B. C. lities including Kushan & Bamiah... 110 and Kunishka Kushan accession consolidation of the above five king- Cir B. C. 120... pArthIana sattA doms into one Kushan Empire under nAza ane uttara hiMdanI kaDaksIjhe dhIme dhIme Kadphisis I''=3zAna ane miyAhu sahita karelI jIta...kaDasIjha pahelAnuM I. sa. pU. yucI prajAnA pAMca saMsthAnAnI upasthiti...kaDasijha 110nI AsapAsamAM maraNa ane kaDasIjha bIjAnuM pahelAnA jhaMDA nIce kuzAna sAmrAjya takIke uparanA gAdIe besavuM; tathA kruzAnavaMzI kaniSkanuM i. sa. pAMce saMsthAnAAnuM saMgaThThana thavAthI...vinsenTa mizanAM pU. 120nI AsapAsa gAdIe besavuM...." A be vAkayeAthI vastusthiti vizeSa spaSTa thai jAya eTale ke banne samuhA (eka kaDasIjha pahelA ane che. prathama tA yu-cI prajAnAM pAMca vibhAgeA ubhAM bIjAne samudra: ane bIjo samuha kaniSka, jIska thayAM hatAM. te pAMcamAMnA e vibhAganAM nAma kuzAna vigerenA ) che to kuzAna prajAnA ja; paNa ekanI ane khAmiyAha hatAM; ane kALa vyatita thatAM, A samApti ane bInanA AraMbha vacce Azare dazeka pAMce vibhAge| ekatrita thane, eka majabUta sAmrAjya varSanuM aMtara paDeluM ho1 ema temanI mAnyatA khatI gayuM hatuM; tathA te upara kaDasIjha pahelAne thAya che. jyAre khInna graMthakAra mahAzaye mAtra eTaluMja mattAdhikAra thayA hatA. A uparathI kuzAna prajAnI medhamamAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke2 " Kushan rule utpatti jema mAlUma paDI jAya che, tema tenA amuka in India (45 to 290 A. D.)=245 years: amuka rAjAe|nAM nAmeA (be samuhamAM) paNa jaNAI Their two dynasties in India were (1) jAya che. chatAM te e samuheA vacce samayane kAMI Kadphisis dynasty and (2) The TochagALeA paDayA hatA ke kema, athavA te lAgaloja eka ri dynasty=hiMdamAM kuzAna vaMzanuM rAjya (I. sa. pachI khIe samuha gAdie birAjIta thayA hatA ke kema, 45thI 290 sudhI) 245 varSanuM che; temanI be zAkhA te jANavAmAM AvatuM nathI. eTale tyAM sudhI te sarvane hRdamAM thai che. (1) kaDasIjha vaMzanI ane (2) samaya geAThavavAmAM muzkelI ubhI thayA ja karavAnI. TAcArI vaMzanI." A baMne graMthakAranA matanuM ekI atre paNa gU*caneA ukala lAvavAmAM keTaleka aMze teja karaNa karatAM eTaluM nizcita thAya che ke, banne samuhe graMthakAra mi. smithanuM kathana madadarUpa thAya tema che. ekaja prajAnA teA hatA, paNa bannenI vacce aMtara temaNe jaNAvyuM che ke ' Destruction of Indo- hatuM ke kema te nakkI kahI zakAtuM nathI; ane kadAca parthian power and gradual conquest aMtara hoya te te dazeka varSa jeTaluM navuM ja hovuM of North India by Kadphasis...Kadphoie. tenuM nirAkaraNa nI zake te ApaNe poteja asis I died, & accession of Kadphasis karI levA prayatna karIzuM. te prayatna AgaLa upara " 126 (30) AmAM pahelAne I. sa. pU. 110 kahe che tyAre khIjane 120 kahe che eTale enI vaccenuM aMtara dasa varSanuM kahe che, tyAM sudhI te mAnavA ceAgya che; paNa pahelA khanAvane jo i. sa. pU. 110 kahevAya te bIjo banAva je dasa varSa pachI khane tene I. sa. pR. 120 nahIM paNa i. sa. pU. 100mAM banyAnuM lakhavuM oie: eTale kAMtA I. sa. pU. ne balle I. sa.mAM banyAnuM gathAranuM maMtavya heAya. A Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat pramANeja hatuM ema A graMyakAranA AgaLa DhAMkela kADhAmAM Apela AMkaDA uparathI paNa kahI zakAya tema che. jue nIce pR. 128 uparaneA kAThA) athavA tA 100ne badale bhUlathI 120 lakhAI jatrAyuM heya. game tena heAya, ahIM te te e vacce dasa varSanuM aMtara hatuM eTaluMja ApaNe mAnavuM rahe che, (31) tu uparanI TIkA na. 30 (32) hiM. hi. pR. 649 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda 1 rAjyakALane nirNaya 127 karavAmAM Avyo che te juo). vinsenTa smithanA mata pramANe te A kuzAna vaMzane. temane rAjyakALa keTale laMbAyo hato te vize prAraMbha (hiMdanI daSTie vicAratAM) I.sa. 12mAM kAMI anumAna bAMdhI zakAya tema hoya te prathama ane aMta I. sa. 26 0 mAM thayo gaNAya che; paraMtu bAMdhI laIe; jo ke te viSaya paratve bahu laMbANamAM te mata bahudhA svIkArya thaI paDe tema nathI te ApaNe utaravA jevuM te nathI ja, kemake te prazna A AgaLa upara vaLI jeIzuM. eTale vizeSa carcA atre pustakanI samaya maryAdA bahAra cAlI jAya che. karavI rahetI nathI. hAla te eTale ja sAra levA paraMtu aMdAjI samaya je nakkI karI levAto heya rahe che ke A vaMzanI Adi i. sa. 50mAM ane aMta te karI levA jarUra che; kAraNa ke je nirAkaraNa I. sa. 290mAM thayo hato, jethI tene sattAkALa ApaNe meLavavuM che, te zodhavAmAM kadAca te upayogI Azare 240 varSane kahI zakAya. paNa thAya. A pramANe eka pachI eka muddAne khIle bAMdhatAM uparanAM pRSThamAM jaNAvyA pramANe temanuM rAjya, jatAM, have temanAM nAmo tathA te sarvane anukrama hiMdamAM je vahelAmAM vaheluM thavA pAmyuM hoya te te evI zakAto hoya te te mATe I. sa. 45 pachI ja che. kemake I-pAthIM ane temanI nAmAvalI prayatna karIe. upara pR. 125 mAM zahenazAha geDaphAranesa te sAlamAM potAnA deza IrAna TAMkela vAkaya uparathI samajAya tarapha sIdhAvyuM che. ane turata ja kAMI kuzAna vaMzanI che ke purANakAronA mata pramANe A vaMzamAM ekaMdara sattA hiMdamAM jAmI paDe nahIM. kamamAM kama pAMceka 13 ke 14 rAjAo thayA che. temAMnAM cAra nAme varSane samaya tene mulaka jItavAmAM gALavuM paDe. eTale bIjA (latter) samuha tarIkenAM tathA kaDapha sIjha te hisAbe A kaDakasIjha vaMzanI Adi, 50 ke te bAda pahelo ane bIje-te be nAma pahelA samuhanAM thayAnuM gaNI zakAya. tema ja tenI samApti thaI hoya to darzAvyAM che. kula maLI cha nAmano patto lAgyo kahete upara TAMkela eka graMthakAranA maMtavya pramANe i. sa. vAya, eTale te hisAbe pachI sAta ke ATha bAkI 290mAM thaI che; kemake temanuM kahevuM evuM thAya che ke 23 rahyA kahevAze. ane te sarve, temaNe jaNAvela cheluM " The IKushanas held E. India till 280 nAma je vAsudevanuM che te pachI ja gAdI upara AvyA to 20 A. D., when the Guptas over hovAnuM ApaNe TharAvavuM rahe che, kemake te vaMzanA threw them=pUrva hiMdamAM kuzAna sattA I. sa. sthApaka tarIke te kaDaphasIjha pahelA ja karI cUka 280 ke 290 sudhI rahevA pAmI che, te bAda gupta che. eTale tenI pahelAM te kaIne mUkI zakAze nahIM vaMzI prajAe temane parAjaya karI nAkhe che" ja. tema be samuha vacce keTaluM aMtara che te nakkI temaja ApaNe paNa itihAsanA jJAnathI jANIe thayuM nathI-hoya te vizeSamAM vizeSa daza varSanuM saMbhave chIe ke guptavaMzI rAjAoe prathama nepALa taraphathI che. eTale teTalA samayamAM ATha rAjAne amala pasAra I. sa. 20nA arasAmAM utarI AvI, uttara hiMdane thaI jato mAnavuM te asaMbhavita che. te mATe je raste tathA magadha taraphane pUrva hiMdane keTaleka bhAga chatI khullo rahyo te sauthI chevaTe te nAma umeravAne ja lIdho hato. ane pachI te vaMzanA trIjA purUSa caMdragupta rahe che. ane te kAMIka suyogya paNa dekhAya che; kemake urpha vikramAditya pahelAe I. sa. 319mAM guptavaMzanI mi. vinsenTa smitha jevA abhyAsIne mata paNa te sthApanA karI hatI. eTale A graMthakArane mata dizAnuM ja sUcana karatA mAlUma paDe che. temaNe lakhyuM ApaNuM kAma purato mAnya rAkhIzuM. jo ke mi. che ke "Later Kushan Kings = pAchaLanA (33) hiM. hi, pR. 158

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128 kuzAna sattAne tathA [ navama khaMDa kuzAna rAjAo". eTale nAnI nAnI mudata sudhI te sarvene ekaMdara rAjya sattAno samaya, AkhA vaMzanI rAjya karanArAo ke baLahIna te sarva rAjAo haze samApti sudhInA samayanI maryAdA parvatanI gaNatrI karavA ema temanuM kathana thAya che. uparAMta ema paNa sUcave che ke mATe ApaNe laI ja joIze. ATale sudhInuM kArya te haju bahu saheluM hatuM. paNa have nAmAvalI goThavavAmAM ja keTalIka muzkelI ubhI thAya tema che. mi. vinsenTa te anukrama sAthe jaNAvyA pramANe goThavyo che. 34 temAM pahelAM be nAmano anukrama sarva saMmata che. te pachI kayAM I.sa. I.sa. varSa (1) kaDaphasIjha pahele (cir) 40 - 78 = 38 kayAM mataphera thAya che te tapAsI joIe. temaNe kaniSka, haviSka, ane vAsudeva (2) kArUsIjha bIje (cir) 78 - 110 = 32 ema anukrama mUkayo che. jyAre rAjavacce gALe varSa 110 - 120 = 10 taraMgiNikAre35 tathA maurya sAmrAjyakA (3) kaniSka 120 - 160 = 40 ItihAsane lekhake, huvika juska ane (4) huviSya 160 - 182 = 22 kaniSka e pramANenuM trika te batAvyuM che (5) vAsudeva 182 - 220 = 38 paNa tenA anukramamAM, kaniSka ne upara (6) anya rAjAo 220 - 26 0 = 40 mUkavAne badale sauthI chele mUka che. uparAMta haviSka ane kaniSkanI vacce eka juska nAmano, keI tRtiyAMga rAjA, ghusADI dIdhuM che. ane te bAda vAsudevanuM nAma mUkyuM che. A bemAMthI kene mata vizeSa mAnanIya thAya tema che te tapAsIe. mi. vinsenTa smiya jema eka aThaMga ane uDA viThTha hiMdu hisTarInA lekhakanA matano Take maLI rahe abhyAsI hovA sAthe khUba jhINavaTathI avalokana che tema taraMgiNikAranA kathanane paNa tevAja kamasevaka karanAra che tathA temanA kathanane vartamAnakALanA aiti- maurya sAmrAjyakA ItihAsanA lekhaka vidvAna mahAzayane hAsika viSayanI zodhakhoLamAM maMDI rahenAra lagabhaga ke che eTale ke banne madhane anya vidvAnonAM samarthana sarva vidvAne ati ucca sthAna Ape che, tema rAja- paNa che. tyAre kAno mata vadhAre svIkArya gaNavo te taragiNikArane paNa eka vyakti tarIke bharUsAdArapAtra phUTa prazna emane ema ubheja rahe che. A pramANe gaNavAmAM Ave che. uparAMta tenI tarapheNamAM eka eka sthiti che. tyAre bIjI hakIkata ema nIkaLe sabaLa kAraNa e umerAya che ke A kuzanavaMzI rAjAo che ke, vinsenTa smitha sAhebanA ane temanA matane jema kAzimarapatio hatA tema rAjataraMgiNinA samarthana ApanAra hiMdu hisTarInA lekhaka mahAzayanA lekhaka mahAzaya pote paNa kAzmiranA ja vatanI hatA,ane ema banne vidvAnonAM pitAnAM maMtavyathI ulaTuM sUcana e to svayaMsiddha che ke, koI paNa lekhaka anya dezanI karanArAM vA temanA pitAnA ja graMthamAMthI labdha hakIkata lakhavA karatAM potAnA ja derAnI hakIkata thayAM kare che. jemake mi. smithe upara TakelI nAmAlakhavA bese, te sarva mAhitI vizeSa paNe temaja vaLImAM kaniSka, haviSka ane vAsudeva e pramANene vizvasanIya sthaLethI te meLavI zake che. eTale tare. krama batAvyo che tyAre temaNe pote banAvela anya giNikAranuM kathana teTale darajaje vadhAre majabUta bane pustaka nAme "mathurA enDa iTasa enTIkavITIjha"mAM99 che. vaLI jema vinsenTa smithane anya itihAsa "Six bases of Buddha statues inscrib (34) a. hi. I. jethI AvRtti pU. ra93 upara Apela kaThAnuM avataraNa. (35) rAjataraMgini taraMga pahelo pari. 74 5, 76 (36) mau. sA. I. pR. 654 (37) jue majakura pustaka, chapAyA tArIkha 1901 alahAbAda pR. 3

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prathama paricheda ] rAjyakALane nirNaya 129 ed and dated in the regnal years of pitAnAM kathanamAM heraphera jatA dekhAya che, chatAM the Indo-Scythian rulers Huvishka, audi sual Pacuatry 0141 HEADL 2419131a Kanishka and vasudev=InDasithiAna laIne ghaDAyAM che. jethI te maMtavyo tarachoDavA yogya rAjakartA haviSka, kaniSka ane vAsudevanA rAjyanA ke avagaNanA karavA yogya te lekhI zakAya tema amuka varSe banAvela evA zabda kotarela buddhadevanA nathI ja. eTale A badhI gUMce ane bhUlabhUlAmaNIne pUtaLAMnI i pAdapITha" e pramANenA zabdo vyakta eka rIte teDa nIkaLate haju sUcavI zakAya tema che. te karIne haviSma, kaniSka ane vAsudevano anukrama, maMjura ema ke, eka kaniSkane badale be kaniSka thayA hatA ema karyo che. eTale ke eka vakhata, kaniSkane prathama mUkIne TharAvavuM ane temAMnA ekanI pAchaLa haviSka thayo haviSkane bIjo mUke che jyAre bIjI vakhata haviSkane hatA ane bIjAnI pAchaLa vAsudeva thayo hato evuM prathama mukI kaniSkane bIje gaNAve che. matalaba ke temanAM nakkI karavuM; tathA juska nAma najare paDe che, tene pitAnAMja be maMtavyo niranirALAM paDI jatAM jaNAya eka vidvAne jema haviSkanuM bIjuM nAma 9 TharAvI che. tevI ja rIte hiMdu hisTarInA lekhakanA maMtavyonuM dIdhuM che tema lekhI, prathamanA kaniSka pachI gAdIe paNa banyuM che. temaNe eka ThekANe pitAnA pustakamAM AvanAra tarIke tene svIkArI levo. athavA te pR. 656 upara lakhyuM che ke, "Kanishka who tene eka svataMtra vyakti gaNIne, banne deDakAM (eka probably succeeded by one Vasishka= bAju kaniSka haviSkanuM ane bIjI bAju kaniSka kaniSkanI 5chI koI eka vAsiSTha gAdIe Avyo vAsudevanuM) nI vacce goThavo. A pramANe goThavaNa thAya heya te vizeSa banavA gya che." jyAre AgaLa te sarve vidvAnane satya TharAvavAne ApaNe anumAnIka cAlatAM pU. 658 upara jaNAve che ke "Kanishka athavA vyavahArika teDa sUcavyo kahevAya. paraMtu jyAM sudhI was succeeded by Juska, about whom tene pramANika ane sabaLa tathA atUTa purAvAthI we know very little=kanikanI pachI ska38 sAbita karI na zakAya tyAMsudhI siddhAMta tarIke kabUla gAdIe beThe che, jenA vize ApaNe bahuja gheDI naja karI levAya. eTale te prazna AgaLa upara mulatavI mAhitI dharAvIe chIe" matalaba ke eka vakhata rAkhI hAla te taraMgiNikArano mata vajanadAra gaNIne kaniSkanI pAchaLa gAdIe besanAra tarIke vasiSka lakhe temanI nAmAvalI A pramANe goThavIzuM.(1) kaDakasIjha che, tyAre bIjI vakhata haviSkane lekhe che. A pramANe pahelo (2) kaDaphIsIjha bIjo u vImA kaDakasIjha temanAM banne maMtavyo paNa heraphera paDI jatAM dekhAya () kaniSka (4) julka (5) kaniSka (6) vAsudeva che. jethI karIne eka pakSamAM ubhA rahetA banne ane te bAda, nAma nahIM jaNAyelA sAtathI ATha vidvAno-mi. smitha ane hiMdu hisTarInA lekhaka- rAjAo; A pramANe karAvIne kAma letAM badhuM ThIka pitAnAM ja vacanamAM anizcita rUpa dhAraNa karatA dekhAya te lAge che. chatAMye keTalIka muzkelIo tathA asaMgatatA che. jyAre bIjA pakSanA vidvAno vize, tevI sthiti ubhI thayAM kare cheja ane tene ukela jyAM sudhI na mAluma nathI paDatI. teTalA mATe A bIjA pakSane mata karAya, tyAMsudhI TharAvelI A nAmAvalIne 5NuM sAcA vizeSa vajanadAra lekho paDaze. chatAM ApaNe eTalo dIlathI to svIkAra karI ja zakAya; eTale te te svIkAra karavo ja rahe che ke, mi. smithe bhale muzkelIo dUra karavAno prayatnazIla thavuM ja rahe che. (38) ahIM juka eTale temano lakhavAne muddo huvi- juka tarIke temaNe lakhyo che. bane che, kemake pR. 150thI 158 sudhI badhuM varNana temaNe (39) juo uparanuM TIppaNuM naM. 38 havikanA nAme ja lakhe rAkhyuM che. matalaba ke haviSyane ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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130 k je muzkelI 3 asaMgatatA mArI najare caDI AvI che te A pramANe cheH-- (1) " sTena dhrAnAunA khATTI bhASAnA lekhA" nAmaka pustakanAM pR. 162mAM ArA gAmanA zilAlekhanuM varNana che temAM mahArAjasya raajaatijJasya meSaputrasya sasya kSesya putraNa niva=mahArAja rAjAdhirAjadevaputra kaisar vapreSDanA putra kaniSkanA " AvA zabdo che eTale ke vakeSDanA putra tarIke kaniSkane oLakhAvyA che. jyAre ApaNe te upara gAvela nAmAvalImAM naM. 3 kaniSka naM. 4 jImmu ane naM. 5 kaniSka ema geAThavIe chIe. ane tenA artha ema thAya che ke jISmanI pachI kaniSka gAdIe beThA che eTale ke zuSka ane kaniSkanI vacce kAM te pitA putrane saMbaMdha hoya vA anya kAi saMbaMdha paNa hAya. jo putranA sabaMdha hAya ! pachI zuSkanA putra kaniSka caye, ane jI' eTale huviSka ema lekhAyuM che41 eTale tA, kaniSka te vAsiSThane putra na thayA paNa haviSNune putra thayAH ane pitA putrane bale anya saMbaMdha lekhIe te prazna e thaze ke lekhamAM darzAvela kaniSkanA pitA je vAsiSTha che, te krANu ? temaja tene putra jyAre gAdIpati thayA che te te pete kayAM gayA ane tenuM nAma zA mATe kAI nAmAvalImAM geAyuM nathI jaDatuM? (ke pachI TI. naM 37mAM jene zuSka tarIke lekhAvyA che ane haviSNu TharAvI dIdhA che tenuM nAma ja vAsiSka hatuM ?) bIjI muzkelIo ane tenA ukela. bIjI muzkelI [ navama khaMDa khAvAce che. eTale ke kaDasIjha khIjAne ane kaniSkane saMbaMdha, kAM pitAputraneA hAya ke anya rIte paNa DhAya; game te prakAranA hAya, paNa jyAre tene vicAra karIe chIe tyAre uparanI dalIla naM. 1mAM uDAvelA zilA-vAMdhA karIne atra paNa upasthita thAya cheja. (3) ArAnA zilAlekhamAM ( uparanI dalIla naM. 1 mAM TAMkela che te) vAsiSTa mahArAjAdhirAjanI udha pAtAne lagAvelI che; ane te zabdo zilAlekhamAM kAtarAyalAae eTale zaMkArahitanA purAvA gaNavA rahe che. rAjA pe!te ja jyAre mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI dhAraNa karyonuM ullekhe che, tyAre vastusthiti ema sUcave che ke, peAte gAdIpati banyA hAvA ja joie; ane tema hAya te| . ApaNA dharma ja che ke, tenuM nAma kuzAna vaMzanA rAjAnI nAmAvaLImAM alaMkRta karavuM joI e ja. (4) rAnta kaniSkanA kAtarAvela sarve zilAlekhA tapAsIzuM te, tenA nAma sAthe joDelI nAnAmAM nAnI AMka saMkhyA traNanI che.42 ane meTAmAM meATI sAThanI che.43 eTale ema sAra thayeA ke, kaniSka nAmanA rAjA, traNathI mAMDIne sA varasa sudhI haiyAta hatA ja. jyAre AkhA kuzAna vaMzanI vaMzAvaLA tapAsI jozuM jyAM sudhI jANavAmAM AvI che tyAM sudhInI ) te temAMnA koI paNa rAjAne rAjyakALa teTalA badhA dIrdhakALa cAlyeA heAvAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. lAMkhAmAM lAMkhA 40 varSanA ja jaNAye che. eTale te nAmanI eka ja vyakti je thaI hoya tA, 60 varSa jeTalA kALa sudhI teNe rAjya calAvyuM hoya ema mAnI levAne hRdaya jarA acakAya che. sivAya ke, te ekadama nAnI umare gAdIe beThA hAya ane tenA nAmanI ANu karI rahI haiAya. (2) atyAra sudhI je nAmAvaLI kuzAna vaMzanI vizeSa mAnanIya thaI paDI che temAM, kaDasIjha khIjAnI pachI gAdIe AvanArane kaniSTha nAmathIja eLa (40) vasezvanuM bIju nAma ke upanAma kaisara hAvAnu A uparathI phalita thAya che. A hakIkatane AgaLanA pariccheda kaniSTha khIntanI hakIkata sAthe sarakhAve, (41) jIe uparanI TI. na. 38 (42) e. hi. IM. pR. 131, jIe sAranAthanA lekha. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (pa) vaLI je je zilAlekhAmAM44 kuzAnavaMzI rAjAnAM nAmeA prakAzita thayelAM dekhAya che, tene (43) e. hi. IM. pR. 131, jIe mathurAnA lekha. (44) kaniSkanA zilAlekhAmAM mahArAdhirAjanI upA SivALAmAM AMka sakhyA 41 ane 60 paNa che: tevIja rIte (juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 45-46) haviSnA nAma sAthe paNa 33 thI 60 sudhInA A che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] ane tene nikAla 131 kALakrama jo goThavIzuM to eka anya vastusthiti ja dekhAya che ja. A badhIne ukela pR. 129 mAM sUcavyA najare paDe che; rAjA kaniSkanA samayamAM (eTale pramANenI yuktithI ANa zakAya che. ane te mujaba uparanI dalIla naM. 4 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe 3 thI TharAvavAnuM mana thayA ja karatuM hatuM, tevAmAM eka 60 varSanA rAjya amalamAM) rAjA haviSkanuM nAma mAsikamAM lakhANa vAMcavAmAM AvyuM. tethI mArA paNa aMtargoLe AvI jAya che. ane te paNa sAduM vicArane puSTi maLI gaI. eTale manamAM rahI jatI eTale kAMI paNa upAdhi vinAnuM heta, te to ema gUMcane keTaleka darajaje ukela thaI gayA ane lAMbA paNa mAnI levAta ke huviSka nAme, rAjA kaniSkane vicAra karI magaja kasavAno bojo ocho thaI gayo. kaI saradAra haze. paNa temAM te haviSkane paNa A yukti pR. 129 upara jaNAvI dIdhI che ke, mahArAjAdhirAja' vigere zabdothI navAjela che. kaniSka nAmanI be vyakti karAvavI ane te benI eTale ke huviSka paNa svataMtrapaNe gAdIpati ja banavA vacce vaSka (vAsiSka)ne ane haviSkane goThavavA pAmyo hato ema temAM sUcavyuM che. te zuM be rAjAo (kevI rIte goThavI zakAya te mATe AgaLane pArieka ja samaye gAdI upara birAjyA hatA ema grApha juo. jemAM teonA samayakALanI carcA karI mAnI levuM! batAvI che.) (6) jema naM. 5 nI dalIlamAM, haviSkanI sAle ATaluM jaNAvyA bAda have ApaNe temanI samayAtapAsatAM, keTalIka AMka saMkhyA eka bIjAne DhAMkI vaLI goThavavAnuM kAma hAtha dharIzuM. tema karavA mATe prathama de che, tema vaLI varjhaSka ane kaniSkanI bAbatamAM to ApaNe kekanizcita biMduja paNa thayAM kare che, ane temAM paNa vaSkane temanI sAlavArI (settled point) hAtha dharavuM mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAdhithI alaMkRta karela che. paDaze; ane te, rAjA kaniSka eTale ke varSo (vAsiSka)ne paNa eka gAdIpati thaI (havethI ApaNe tene kaniSka pahele ja kahIzuM)nA gayo ja gaNa rahe che. tyAre te vaLI naM. 5 nI rAjyAbhiSekanI sAla che. te ApaNe uparamAM I. sa. dalIlanI peThe ahIM paNa muzkelI AvI UbhI rahe che! 103nI hevAnuM jaNAvI gayA chIe. eTale tenI A pramANe nAnI moTI agavaDo ubhI rahelI pahelAnA be rAjAne eka vibhAga ane tenI pAchaLanA (4) jAo . hi. I. pR. 137, jene mATe mi. zilAlekhamAM 24nI sAla (A) sAMcInA lekhamAM 28 (joke vinseTa smitha (mathurA enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjhamAM) lakhe che ke, AmAM vapnanuM puruM nAma nathI lakhela) ane (I) mathurAnA Havishlka's years overlap those of his lekhamAM 28nI sAla che. A badhI sAlo kaniSkanA 3thI 60 predecessor from the year 33 to the year 60 varSanA gALAmAM DhaMkAI jAya cheja. of Kanishka's regnal era vinA samayanA varSo (49) jue "sudhA" nAmanA hiMdI mAsikano 1990nA tenA puragAmI kaniSkanA rAja amalanA varSone 33thI 60. mArgazIrSa mAsanA aMkane lekha; zIrSaka "mathurA kA yajJIya sudhI-DhAMkI de che." staMbha" lekhaka zrIyuta vAsudeva zaraNu agravAla ema. e. vaLI nIcenI TIka naM. 46 juo. ela. ela. bI. (A aMkanAM paNa huM ApI zakato nathI (46) varaDaka gAmano zilAlekha juo. temAM pAnI tema kadAca mArgazIrSane badale bIjA keAI mAsano paNa aMka sAla che ane mathurAne zilAlekha che temAM 60nI sAla che. hoya; kemake mArI pAse to te aMkanAM mAtra keTalAMka RAM phATela vaLI uparanI TIkA naM. 44, 45 sarakhA. pAnAM ja gAMdhInI dukAnanI pastImAMthI hAtha AvelAM che. (47) nIcenI TIkA naM. 48 sarakhAvo. vAcakavarga saMpUrNa tapAsa karI zake mATe ATalo khAdhAra (48) pR. 130 upara dalIla naM. 1mAM ArA gAmanA batAvyuM che) lekhaka mahAzayane huM RNI chuM, zilAlekhanI hakIkata lakhI che te, temaja (a) isApuranA (pa) jue 5, 12,

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132 sarve rAjAene khIjo vibhAga. A pramANe sAlavArI geAThavavAnA be vibhAga paDI gayA. temanI [ navama khaMDa kaDasIjha pahelAe Azare 40 varSa ane khIjAe Azare 32 varSa rAjya bhAgavyuM che. jyAre vidvAne meTA bhAga A pramANe sahamata che tyAre tene svIkAra karI levAmAM zaMkAne bahu sthAna rahetuM nathI. chatAM kahevuM paDe cheja ke, kAMI evA niyama paNa na ja hAI zake, ke sahamata thayela sarva hakIkata sarvathA satyaja hAya. sivAya ke te hakIkata, samayanA AMka athavA zilAlekhI ke siAI jevA abhaMga gaNAtA purAvAnA AdhAre sAbita thaI cUkI hoyapaNa. je muddo ApaNe atra vicArI rahyA chIe te AvA siddhAMtanA AdhAre nizcita thaI cUkelI hakIkata teA nathI ja, paNa ApaNA dhyeya pUratA tene svIkAra karI levAmAM kAI muzkelI ubhI thatI dekhAtI nathI. eTale A banne rAjavInA samaya kula maLIne 72 varSanA thayA gaNavA rahe che. uparAMta keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema paNa thAya che ke, kaDasIjha khIjo ane tenI pAchaLa AvanAra rAnna kaniSka pahelA, te benI vacce dazeka varSanA gALA paDayA hevAne saMbhava che.54 te binAne paNa jo hisAbamAM laie tA 72+10=maLIne 82 varSanA kALa, kuzAna vaMzanI sthApanA thayAnI ane I. sa. 103mAM kaniSka pahelAnA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA te khetI, vacce gaNavA paDaze. paNa mArI samaja ema thAya che ke, A daza varSonA gALA paDaye| hAvA na joIe; kemake kaDakasIjha khIjAnI sihAsana-sthita mUti (eTale sAbita thAya che ke te pote te pradezanA adhiSThAtA banI cUkayA hatA )15 mathurA zaherathI kaida mAIla ja dUra Avela mADha nAmanA gAmathI maLI Avela che.56 vaLI caRNunI prathamanA vibhAga nAnA hAine tene prathama tapAsI laie. uparamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, kaDasIjha pahelAe hiMdukuza parvatanI pelI pAra peAtAnuM saMsthAna prathama jamAvyuM hatuM ane teja vyakti A vaMzane Adi purUSa hatA. vaLI inDe|pArthiana zahenazAhanA hiMdu uparanA adhikAra vizenuM varNana karatAM pu. 3mAM ApaNe ema jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, temanA zahenazAha gAMDAkArane te IrAnanI gAdI maLavAthI i. sa. 45nA arasAmAM tene hiMda choDavuM paDayuM hatuM.para eTale nakkI thayuM ke, jyAM sudhI A zahenazAha gAMDAkAranesa hiMdamAM hatA tyAM sudhI teA, paMjAba, agAnistAna vigere je je dezeA, IrAna ane mathurAvALA sUrasena dezanI vacce AvelA hatA te sarve upara, tenI ja ANu vartI rahI hatI. ane tenI ANu hrAya tyAM sudhI kaDasIjha ke kAI khIjAnI rAjasattA na hoya e paNa svayaM sAbita thaI gayuM kahevAya. bhale pachI kaDasIjhanI sattA hiMdanI bahAranA aneka dezeA upara jAmI paDI hAya; paraMtu te prazna ApaNane lAgatA nathI. eTale sAra e thayeA ke, kuzAnavaMzI saradArAnI rAjasattA jo hiMdu upara thavA ja pAmI heAya te, tene samaya I. sa. 45thI mAMDIne i. sa. 103 sudhInA 58 varSanA gALAmAM ja gaNavA rahe che. pachI te rAjasattA I. sa. 45 khAda, turataja thavA pAmI che ke keTalAka samaya gayA bAda te ApaNe nakkI karavuM rahe che. dhaNAkharA itihAsakAranuM maMtavya ema thayuM che ke, (51) jIe uparamAM bhrUNa ane kuzAneAnI A prAmAM thatI gaNanAvALe pArigrApha (52) pu. 3 mAM tenA vRttAMte jue. (53) AthI karIneja azenI ane priyadarzinanI ane hakIkatA vize, adyApiparyaMtanA sarve vidvAne sahamata heAvA chatAM, temane samayanA AMthI tathA sikkAI purAvAthI majabUtapaNe sAbita karI zakayA nathI. ane tethIja te pheravAI jatI ApaNe dekhIe chIe (jIe te mATe pu. 2mAM maurya sAmrAjyanAM vRttAMte,te te zahenazAheAnAM jIvana caritro). (54) nue pR.128 upara gAThavelI temanI nAmAvaLI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (55) DasIjha khIjAne mulaka kadAca A mATa sudhIja thayA haze. ane mathurA sara karI zakAyuM nahIM heAya; athavA haze. (vaLI jue nIce TI. naM. 56; tathA sIgra mathurA caDAI laI jatAM vacce rastAmAMja te maraNa pAmyA khIAnuM vRttAMta). (56) kadAca te samaye, mathurA zaheranA vistArana krAM evaDe meTA na banyA hAya ke, A 14 mAila aMtare Avela mADha gAma, te mathurA zaheranuM eka paruM banI rahyuM heAya ? paraMtu tema khanavA yAgya nathI te mATe AgaLa upara kani pahelAnuM vRttAMta jIe. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama paricacheda ] sAlavArI 133 mUrti67 rAjA kaniSkanI sAthenI paNa teja pradezamAMthI pahelo, te banne ekaja vaMzanA che. eTale sarva parimaLI AvI che. eTale sAra e thayo ke mathurAnA tathA sthitine vicAramAM letAM, ekaja nirNaya kare rahe che tenI AsapAsanA pradeza upara kAphasIjha bIjAne ke kaDapha sIjha bIjA pachI turataja kaniSka pahelAno amala zarU thaI gayo ja hato. vaLI kaniSka rAjyAbhiSeka thayo che joIe. sarva dalIlano sAra pahelAnI gAdinuM sthAna paNa teja pradeza che. eTale e thayo ke kuzAna vaMzanA prathamanA be saradArane te benI vacce-kaDaphasIjha bIjo ane kaniSka pahelo samaya nIce pramANe TharAvo yogya che. te benI vacce-samayanuM koI aMtara saMbhavita nathI. (1) kaDasIjha bIjAnuM rAjya 32 varSanuM gaNatAM kemake sAdhAraNa rIte e niyama hoya che ke (1) i. sa. 71 thI 103 sudhI ane (2) kaDakasIjha ekaja pradeza upara ekaja vaMzI rAjAone rAjya pahelAnuM rAjya 40 varSanuM gaNatAM I. sa. 31 thI amala hoya te te benI vacce ( kAraNa ke kaDapha sIjha 71 sudhI59. bIjAnI ane kaniSkanI ema bannenI mUrtio ekaja have bIjA vibhAganI vicAraNA karIeH-kaniSka gAma-pradezamAMthI maLI AvI che ) kAMI paNa samayanuM pahele; tenA nAmanA je aneka zilAlekhamAM AMka aMtara hoI zake nahIM, sivAya ke te be rAjAnI vacce saMkhyA jaNAvavAmAM AvI che te mAMhenA sArateja pradezamAM koI navIna prakAranI rAjyakrAMti thavA nAthavALAmAM 3, mathurAmAM 9, mANikyAlamAM 18, pAmI heya teja; paraMtu tema banavA pAmyuM hoya ane ArAmAM 41nI sAlanA AMka ketarAyelA che. ema dekhAtuM nathI; kemake je koI prakAranI rAjyakrAMti jyAre vAsikanA zilAlekhamAMnA IsApuramAM 24. thavA pAmI hatI te rAjataraMgiNikAra potAnA deza sAMcImAM 28 () ane mathurAmAM 29nA AMka najare puratI kIkata to jarUra lakhI kADhata ja. eTale paDe che. eTale kaniSkane lagatI moTAmAM meTe AMka bahu te ApaNe teTalA samaya mATe InTarareganama58 41 no che tyAMsudhI te tenuM rAjya laMbAyuM hatuM (Inter-regnum) athavA aMdhAdhunI jevuM banyuM ema mAnI zakAya. paraMtu vAsiSka mATenI nAnAmAM hevAnuM phakta mAnI levuM rahe. paraMtu tema paNa banyuM nAnI saMkhyA je 24 nI che tenA lakhANamAM paNa hevAnA jyAM sudhI koI purAvA ApaNane na ja maLe tyAM pote mahArAjAdhirAjane IdrakAbe dhAraNa karI lIdhAnuM sudhI tenI kalpanA karI levI te paNa dhorI mArgane jaNAya che. eTale ema mAnI zakAya che ke, tenuM rAjya tyAga karI apavAda mArga upara utarI paDyA barAbara kamamAMkama 24mAM zarU thaI gayeluM hovuM ja joIe; vaLI gaNAze. athavA (2) te benI vacce tyAreja aMtara temanA zakano prAraMbha kaniSka pahelAthI ja thayA gaNAya hoI zake ke te banne rAjAo bhinnabhinna vaMzanA che. teTalA mATe kaniSka pahelAnA rAjyanI aMdAjI sAla hoya chatAMye je ekaja pradeza upara hakumata bhogavanAra ApaNe 1 thI 23 sudhInI TharAvavI rahe che tathA uparamAM thayA hoya teja. paraMtu aMhI to nizaMkapaNe siddha ArAnA lekhanI je 41 nI sAla jaNAvI che, te thayelI ja binA che ke, kaDaphasIjha bIjo ane kaniSka kaniSka bIjAnI hovAnI karAvavI paDaze. temaja vAsiSThane (57) A uparathI caNaNa pote, kuzanavaMzI rAjAo sAthe (59) J.I. H. 9. Vol. xii Prof.sten Konow joDAyela hato ema riddhi thayuM. te samaye teno darajajo zuM pp. 29:-Kujula Kadphesis must have been gaNAto hato te mATe A khaMDamAM AgaLa upara trIjA a young man in A, D. +5=ja, IM. hi. karve. paricchede juo. 5. 12, Do. sTena konA pR. 29-I. sa. 45mAM kujIla (58) A zabdanA artha tathA tevA banAva kaDaphIjha yuvAvasthAmAM have joIe. (mAruM TIpaNukayAre banyA hatA tenAM dharAte mATe A pustaka teno janma temaNe . sa. 1pathI kAMIka vahelo gaNIne A 5, 16 juo 5nI sAla gaNI che).

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134 temanI _ navama khaMDa samaya 24 thI 20 sudhInA cha varSano TharAvavo zakAya te vicAravuM rahe che. tenuM jIvana vRttAMta lakhatI paDaze. A pramANe na 3jA ane naM 4thA rAjAone vakhate joI zakAze ke tenuM rAjya lagabhaga 95 sudhI samaya nakkI thaI gayo kahevAze. cAlyuM hatuM ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe che. kemake have AgaLa calAvIe. temAM haviSkanA zilA- tene putra vAsudeva je tenI pachI turata ja gAdIe lekhamAMhelA mathurAmAM 33, vakamAM 51 ane mathurAmAM beThe che tenA nAmane eka zilAlekha mathurAmAMthI 6e pramANe traNa AMka saMkhyA maLI Ave che. 98 nI sAlano maLI Avyo che. vaLI A lekha temAMthI chellA be mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAdhi sAthenA teNe gAdIe beThA pachI gheDA varSanA ja gALAmAM che ane prathamane 33 vALo AMka, sAdA nAma katarAvyo hoya ema mAnavAne kAraNa che, eTale tene sAtheno che. eTale te hisAbe vAsikanI 20nI rAjyAbhiSeka 98 nI pahelAM pAMceka varSe je thayo sAla pachIthI mAMDIne 33 sudhI haviSkane sAdA ho ema gaNue te tenI sAla 93 nI mUkavI saradAra tarIke ja oLakhavo paDaze ane 51 thI 60 paDaze. ane tenuM rAjya 38 varSa lagabhaga cAlyuM che sudhInA varSo mATe, mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIvALo ema ghaNuMkharA vidvAnonI mAnyatA thayelI che. jethI eTale gAdIpati tarIke mAnya rAkhavo paDaze. paraMtu karIne A bApadIkarAno-kaniSka bIjo ane vAsu33 thI 51 vaccenA kayA varSe tene gAdI prApta thaI devane-samaye AsAnIthI ApaNe karAvI zakIzuM ke hatI te te na ja kahI zakAya; paNa sAthe sAthe kaniSka bIjAe 40 thI 93 = 53 varSa ane vAsudeva jayAre kaniSka bIjA mATeno vicAra karIe chIe, 93 thI 11=38 varSa sudhI rAjya karyuM hovuM joIe. tyAre ArAnA zilAlekhamAM 41 ane mathurAmAM 6. te bAda koNe, keTalAM varSa rAjya karyuM te kAMI jaNAyuM nA AMka sAthe mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI yukta tene nathI. paNa tevA rAjAonI saMkhyA upara pR. 129 mAM nihALIe chIe. eTale ema sAra ApaNe kadAca jaNAvyA pramANe ukeTanI che.vaLI A kuzanavaMzI rAjAderI zakIe ke, haviSyanI mahArAjAdhirAja tarIkenI enI pAsethI uttara hiMdanuM rAjya guptavaMzI rAjAoe padavIne adhikAra, kamamAM kama 40 nI sAlamAM kaniSka jItI lIdhAnuM sAbita thayuM che. jo ke A guptavaMzanA bIjAe laI lIdho he joIe. jethI vi. Adi purU, kayAre temanI pAsethI rAjya laI lIdhuM te kane te padavIne kALa 40 thI 60 sudhIne gaNAze cokkasa kahI zakAya tema nathI, paraMtu te gupta rAjAane sAdA padavIdhAraka tarIke tene samaya 29 thI one samaya lagabhaga I. sa. 275 thI 290 sudhImAM 40 sudhInA lekhAze. temaja kaniSka bIjAnI sAla AraMbha thatA gaNAya che. eTale ApaNe sahIsalAmapaNa 40 thI 60 sudhInI te nakkI ja thaI cUkI tInI khAtara kuzanavaMzane aMta lagabhaga 280 mAM kahevAya. chatAM tenAthI vizeSa kayA samaya sudhI gaNI AvyAnuM lekhIzuM ane i. sa. 280 = kuzAna saMvata (10) eka zilAlekhane laIne A samaya bAbata kAMika (12) atyAra sudhI AkhAye pradeza upara eka ja vyaktinI zaMkA ubhI thAya che kharI, paNa te vajanadAra lAgatI nathI, ane te paNa mahArAjAdhirAja tarIkenI ANa cAlI rahI te mATe juo nIcenuM TI. naM. 6 hatI, jayAre A samayathI pradezanI vaheMcaNI karI nAMkhI, (6) kahevAya che (1) ke, tenA haviSkanA) nAmano ane upara be judI judI vyaktinI ANa karAvAI hatI. mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI sAtheno 28 AMka (3) zila'. eTale bhale padavInI daSTie haviSka, haju paNa mahArAjAlekha maLI Avela che paraMtu tema banavA yogya nathI, kemake dhirAjaja kahevAta, paNa pradezanI daSTie tene rAjya vistAra mayurAnA ra9 AkavALA zilAlekhamAM (upara juo) vasiSkanA kamI thaI gayA hovAthI ane mULa gAdIpati rAjA kenika nAma sAthe mahArAjAdhirAjanI upAdhi ketarAyalI spaSTapaNe bIjAne ja gaNAto hovAthI, rAjA haviSka pAsethI te prakArane najare paDe che. eTale te vizeSa mAnanIya gaNavI rahe che. adhikAra laI levAyo hato evA zabdo mATe vAparavA paDayA

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prathama pariccheda ] sAlavArI 135 177 thaze; jethI karIne vAsudeva pachInA sAta ke ATha rAjAene rAjyakALa ekaMdare 131 thI 177 sudhInA 46 varSaneA gaNavA rahe che. A pramANe banne vibhAge nA samaya vicArI lIdhA pachI, AkhA kuzAnavaMzane ApaNe nIce pramANe saLaMga geAThavIne lakhI zakIzuM. kuzAna saMvata (1) kaDasIjha pahelA 63 (ra) kaMDaksojha khInne (3) kaniSka pahelA vAsiSka (5) viSNupa sAde rAjakartA mahArAjadhirAja i.sa. 31 71 103 1 6 132 143 132 143 (6) kaniSka bIjo (7) vAsudeva 196 (8 thI 14) sAta rAjAe 234 kurazAna prajAmAM konA konA samAveza thatA hatA thI 1 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat - 1 1 (63) kaDasIjha pahelAnA 40 ane bIjAnA kara va ahIM gaNyA che: paNa pahelAnA 32 ane bIjAnA 40 ema paNa gaNI zakAze. kayuM sAcu' che tenI carcA kaDasIjha bIjAnA vRttAMte karavAmAM AvI che. (64) A agIAra varSAM sudhI keAnI ANu vatI rahI hatI (keANa mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke hatuM) te mATe jue nIcenI TIkA naM. 65 (65) rAjA kuviSNunA A agiyAra varSImAM rAnna kaniSkanuM pada kayA sthAne gaNI zakAya te mATe tenA vRttAMte jue. i.sa. 1 103 126 132 143 16 3=2 0 143=1166 196 234 280 varSa 40 32 23 } 164 13 38 4 - 1 23 28 40 4. 93 131 thI 23 28 -- II - 249 eTala ke AkhA kuzAnavaMza Azare 249 varSa cAlyA che ane temAM ekaMdare cauTeka rAjA thayA che. tathA 40 thI 60 sudhInA 20 varSamAM kherAjAe mahArAdhirAja tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. samrATa priyadarzine jyAre nepALanI mulAkAta deza kabaje karI,67 tyAM paNa peAtAnA putra jAlaukane lIdhI hatI tyAre tyAMthI ja tibeTa dezamAM utarIne nImyA hatA. A sarva hakIkata pu. 2 mAM samrATa te jItI lIdheA hateA tathA peAtAnA priyadarzinanuM rAjyavRttAMta lakhatAM ApaNe jaNAvI eka putrane tyAM zAsaka tarIke gayA chIe. eTale te banne ThekANAM, mairyaprajAnImyA hatA. vaLI tyAMthI pAchA saMtriji licchavI-nAmanI kSatriya varganI prajAnAM pharatA khATAnane jItI laI, nivAsasthAna banavAM pAmyAM hatAM. hiMdamAMnI Arya tibeTanA ja zAsakane te prAMta prajAnuM saraNa, hiMdanI bahAranA pradezamAM jo kAI paNa suprata karyAM hatA ane tyAMthI AgaLa vadho kAzmira samaye thavA pAmyuM hoya te| A prathamamAM prathama samaya 4 60 - 93 - 131 177 (66) naM. 5 ne na'. 6 vALA banne rAjAe 143thI 163 sudhI kema mahArAnadhirAja pada bhogavI rahyA hatA, tathA rAjataraMgiNikAre jhukanuM nAma je jaNAvyuM che tenuM zuM thayuM hatuM, te banne muddA tuviSThanA jIvanacaritra lakhatI vakhate samAyA che te tyAM jevuM. (67) A vakhate kAzmira dezamAM mleccha prajA hatI ema rAjatara MgiNikAranuM kahevuM thayuM che (nue tenuM pu. 1 leAka 107, jeneA utArA ApaNe pu. 2 pR. 493mAM lIdhe che) te zabdo A pramANe che. As the countries www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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136 kuzAna prajAnI [ navama khaMDa kahI zakAze. jo ke eka itihAsakAranuM mAnavuM ema saMbaMdhI che tathA cinAI hariphe te saradArane harAvyo. thAya che ke The connection of Asoka with hatA te saMbaMdhI khyAlamAM rAkhavA pUratuM ja che. kemake the ancient Khoran kingdom, appears azokanA saMbaMdhane badale priyadarzinane saMbaMdha hovAnuM to have been close. It is said that Asoka ApaNe have sAbita karI cUkyA chIe. eTale temaNe had banished scene nobles of Taxilla te azokane putra tyAM kevI rIte javA pAmyo hoya te to the north of the Himalayas as a hakIkatane meLa kADhI batAvavA, kadAca kuNAlanI vAta punishment for their complicity in the joDI kADhI hoya ema paNa samajI zakAya che. kemake wrongful blinding of Kunala. One of kuNAlanuM aMdhatva pAmavuM te te avaMtimAM ja banyuM the nobles was elected king who reign- hatuM ane te tyAM ja sUbe nImAyo hato. eTale tene ed till he was defeated by a Chinese AMdhaLo karavAmAM jo koI gunhegAro banyA hoya te rival=prAcIna samaye kheTAna rAjayanI sAthe azokane teo avaMtimAMnAja hoI zake, nahIM ke takSilAnA; saMbaMdha bahu ghA hovAnuM jaNAya che. kuNAlane tema kuNAle koI divasa tazilAnuM ke paMjAbanuM meM beTI rIte AMdhaLo banAvavAnA kAvatrAmAM sAmela suddhAMta joyuM hoya ema ItihAsamAM kyAMya pramANa paNa thavAnI zikSA tarIke, takSilAnA keTalAka amIrone maLatuM nathI. jethI tazilAnA mANasane tibeTa ke himAlayanI uttare azake kADhI mUkyA hatA ema khoTAnamAM vasavAnI pharaja paDI hoya te kalpita kahevAya che. te amIre mAMne eka rAjyapade Avyo banAva dIse che. atyAre ApaNe muddo amuka saMyehato; ane cInAI harIphe harAvyo tyAM sudhI tenuM ganI satyatA pUravAra karavAnI nathI paNa eTaluM ja rAjya cAlyuM hatuM." A vidvAna lekhakanA kathana karatAM jaNAvavuM rahe che ke, priyadarzinanA samaye hiMdI prajA ApaNuM maMtavya bhale ghaNI bAbatamAM juduM paDe che, beTAnamAM javA pAmI hatI. te bAda thoDA samaye, paNa atra je batAvavAnuM che te, priyadarzinanA samaya cIna taraphanI yuvI nAme oLakhAtI prajAnAM were overrun by the Malechchas etc=te pradeza dharma paNa AryasaMskRti pramANe hatA ema kahevAya. je viSaya upara myucacha loke patharAIne paDayA hatA. [mAruM TIpaNa- A prakaraNe AgaLa upara ApaNe carcavAnA chIe.] zlecchano artha, AryanI saMskRtithI bhinna saMskRtine mANasa (68) jue hiM. hi. (majamudAra kRta) 5. 530 thAya che. (1LI vizeSa khulAsA mATe tathA yavana zabdane javana (69) sarakhAvo nIcenI TI. naM. 71 sAthe je bheLavI naMkhAya che te kevI bhUla kahevAya, te bannenI (70) kadAca kAmirapati rAjA jAlaukane putra dAdarane hakIkata mATe pu. 3, 5. 146 TI. naM1 temaja te pustake ke tenA vaMzamAMnA koIkane A cinAI saradAre harAvIne 5. 148nuM lakhANa juo) eTale rAjataraMgiNikArane oNracha rAjya hastagata karI lIdhuM hatuM ema A kathanamAMthI garbhita kahevAno artha yavanaprajA tarIke le: A yavana (Greek) sUcanA maLe che. (vaLI juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 71nuM lakhANuM). tathA yena (Bactrians) prajAnI saMskRti, A samaye Arya (71) sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. 69 prajathI bhinna paDI gaI hatI; jyAre turkastAna (madhyaeziyA) (72) sarakhAvo uparanI TI. naM. 70; pu. 3mAM ApaNe ane kheTAna prajAnI khAsiyata Arya saMskRtine anurAratI jaNAvyuM che ke, (juo pu. 3 5. 142) gheDe bhAga je pUrva hatI. tethI rAjataraMgiNikAre temane AryamAM gaNI che. A tarapha vaLe jatA hatA. temane cInanA pUrva kinArAne dariye kuzanavaMzI prajA atyAranI daSTie bhale hiMda bahAranI ADe AvatAM, pAchA pazcima tarapha teo haDaselAyA hatA prajA tarIke-ApaNane anArya jaNAtI haro, paraMtu te prajA ane tibeTa tathA kheTAnamAM vasI rahelI prajA sAthe teo AryasaMskRtine bhajanArI hatI ane tethI ja A prajAne athaDAmaNamAM AvyA hatA. temAMthI A yu-cI prajAne (tathA caSaNa kSatrapavALA paNa teja prajAne aMza hevAthI) uddabhava thayo haze ema samajAya che.

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prathama paricacheda ] peTA jAtio 137 TALAM A baTAnamAM ubharAI AvyAM hatAM ane te-sarva prajA jaMbudvIpavAsI hevAthI te saghaLI prajAne temaNe tibeTa tathA khoTAnanA upara rAjya calAvavA Aryaja lekhanI raheze. mAMDayuM hatuM. eTale ke, A mulakanI prajAmAM nIce eka rIte kahIe te, kaDaphasIjha pahelAe hiMdanI pramANe mizraNa-khIcaDo thavA pAmyo hato. (1) bhUmi upara rAjya karyuM ja nathI, ema kahI zakAya tema cInanI yu-cI (2) khATAnanI (3) ane madhya cheane tethI tenuM nAma hiMdI eziyAmAMnI kaDakasIjhavAlI asalanI tuSAraprazya kaphasIjha pahe- ItihAsamAM ApaNe dAkhala karI (4) hiMdamAMthI AvIne vaselI licchavI kSatriyovALI lAne kuzanavaMza nathI zakatA. chatAM tenA mATe je tathA (5) kAzmiranA mlecchow; jene keTalAkee bhUla- sAthe saMbaMdha kAMI be zabdo lakhavA atre thI javana95 nAma ApyuM che. A pramANe pAMca jAtanI prerAyA chIe te mATe nIcenAM prajA kahe, ke teonA darekanA pradezane saMsthAnanuM nAma be kAraNa che (1) te vaMzane te Adi purUSa hatA ApI pAMca saMsthAnanI prajA tarIke temane oLakhAvo, tethI (2) temaja tenA sikkA hiMdanI bhUmi mAMhelA te sarva hakIkata samajavI. A pAMce prajAne, naM. 3 evA paMjAbamAMthI maLI AvatA dekhAya che tethI. vALI tuSAraprajAnA te samayanA eka kAphasIjha nAmanA A bane muddA have jarAka vistArathI joie. yuvAna saradAre, saMgaThita karIne rAjahakumata potAnA A kuzanavaMzI prajA jema hiMdanI uttare Avela hAthamAM lIdhI ane pote te sarve mulakane svAmI himAlayanI pelI pArathI utarI Avela che, temaja banyo. A uparathI samajAze ke kaDasIjhanA teramANa ane mihirakula nAme itihAsa prasiddha thayela rAjadvArI jhaMDA nIce ekatrita thayela prajAmAM mukhyatve saradArovALI prajA, paNa himAlayanI pelI pArathI karIne Aryatvaja hatuM. (jyAre svecchanA aMza jeTaluM utarI Avela che. vaLI pahADI pradezamAM janmela mAtra anAryatva hatuM.77) bAkI pre-historic hevAthI kudaratI rIte ja kuNaprajAnA zarIrane raMga sapheda samayanI daSTie-jaMbudvIpa ane zAkapanA hisAbe hevAthI temane itihAsamAM The whites=sapheda dUrNa (73) pR. 12 u5ra TI. naM. 32 mAM TAMkeluM hiM. hi. nI ke I. sa.nI sadImAM saMbhavita ja kayAM che! chatAM pAchaLathI pR. 14nuM avataraNa jue. pavana ane kavana zabda gaNAvIne kAma lIdhe rakhAyuM (74) ahIM rahelA pheone te jAlaune hAMkI kADhayA samajAya che. hatA paNa je lene keTalAka bhAga, pAsenA bekaTrIAmAM pu. 2, pR.12, tathA tenA TI.naM. 54mAM evo IzAre meM vasI rahyo hato, temanA saMsargamAM rahIne je prajA have karyo che ke, arabastAnamAM paNa jainadhamI rAjAnuM rAjya hatuM harimaramAM AvatI jatI thaI rahI hatI tene paNa ple (juo gabhIla vikramacaritranuM vRttAMta pR.51 tathA TI. naM. tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya, mATe ahIM te zabda 90nI hakIkta) te vAMcI dhaNAone vismaya pAmavAnuM thAya vAparyo che. che. paNa jyAre have gabhIlavaMzInI hakIkata teo jANI (75) hi, hi. pR. 505-The word Javana cukayA che tathA tuSAra prajAmAMnA kuzanavaMzI rAjAe Arya applied to Turks or Mohomecans) is often hatA ane temAM paNa mukhyatve teo jainadharmI hatA, evuM wrongly confounded by scholars with Yavan sAbita thatuM teo jue che, tyAre temanuM Azaya eAsarI (The Greeks) juA pu. 3, 5. 146 TI. naM. 1mAM jatuM jaNAze.] spaSTIkaraNa. (76) jue pu. 3 pR. 329 . [mAruM TIpaNu-paramAM je yavana, tarka ke mehamadana (77) buo uparanI TI. naM. 5 temAM paNa khAsa lakhyuM che te bhUlabhareluM che kemake muslIma dharmanI utpattija karIne mArA TIppaNamAMnI hakIkata; eTale A kathananI yathArtha. i. sa. 111mAM thaI che. eTale temanuM astitva I. sa. 5. tamane khyAla AvI jaze. 18 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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138 kuzanavaMza sAthe [ navama khaMDa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kuzAnaprajAnAM zarIra vAtano meLa utAravAne ja temaNe kalpI lIdhela saMbhave che. kevA raMganAM hatAM te jeke kayAMya varNavAyuM jaNAtuM mArI tapAsamAM te nIce pramANe samajAya che. nathI; chatAM mAnI lo ke teo pArvatIya ane ati mathurA pAsenA mATa gAmamAMthI vema urphe kaDasIjha kaMDA mulakamAMthI utpanna thayelI prajA hovAthI raMge bIjAnI siMhAsana sthita eka mUrti maLI AvI che. sapheda hatI. A pramANenI sAmyatAne lIdhe, ane temAM "mahAna rAjAti sevaputra tuSA-putra rAma" anya paradezI prajA peThe AmanI paNa ApaNane bahu evA zabdo chetarAyela dekhAya che. eTale ke te potAne mAhitI nahIM hovAne lIdhe, eka vakhata evI mAnyatA kuzANuputra tarIke oLakhAvI rahela che. tene artha thaI paDI hatI ke A baMne prajAo ekaja zAkhAnA ema karavAnuM nathI ke te kuzANu prajAmAne hato. phaNagArUpe haze athavA vadhAre nahIM te, ekamekane paraMtu spaSTapaNe eja artha thaI zake che ke, tenA atighATA saMbaMdhavALI haze. chatAM have vizeSa uMDANamAM pitAnuM nAma ja kuzANa hatuM, ke jene ApaNe kaDaphasIjha utaravAnA jema jema prasaMge vadhatA jAya che, tema tema pahelA tarIke vizeSapaNe oLakhI rahyA chIe. ane je khAtrI thatI jAya che ke teone bahu lAgatuM vaLagatuM tenuM nAmaja kuzANa kare che tathA te vaMzane te Adi nahIM ja hoya. kemake kuNaprajAnAM caherA ane khAsiyata purUSa che, te pachI tenA nAma uparathI ja tenA vaMzanuM vize, keTalIka mAhitI ApaNe pu. 3 pR. 390 upara nAma " kazANavaMza " pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ema varNavI gayA chIe tenI sAthe A kazAnavaMzI sara. mAnavA mATe kAMI zaMkA uThAvavA jevuM rahetu dAronAM je sikkAcitro ApaNane prApta thayAM che temanI eTale ke kuzAna te vyaktigata nAma che paNa prajAnuM sarakhAmaNI karIzuM te vizeSataH eja anumAna upara nAma nathI. te prajAnuM nAma te anya ja hevA saMbhava javAze, ke te banne prajAnA caherAnI sAmyatAmAM leza che, jene ApaNe uparanA pArigrAphamAM jaNAvyA pramANe paNa aMza dekhAtA nathI. A pramANe jyAre sthiti hAla te tuSAra nAmathI ja oLakhatA rahIzuM. vaLI mAlUma paDe che, tyAre pAcho prazna eja AvI ubho A pramANe banatuM AvyAnA itihAsamAM aneka rahe che ke, A kuzAna prajA che ke? daSTAMta paNa mojuda paDayAM che. jemake, zizunAga je pAMca prajAnI saradArI A kazAna saradAre rAjA uparathI zizunAgavaMza, naMdarAjA uparathI naMdavaMza, upADI lIdhI hatI, tenuM AchuM rekhAcitra AgalA gardabhIla rAjA uparathI gardabhIlavaMza I. I. kahevAyA pArigrAphamAM ApaNe dorI batAvyuM che. temAM ekanuM che. alabatta prajA uparathI oLakhAtA vaMzanAM dRSTAMte nAma kuzAna mAluma paDatuM nathI. chatAM itihAsakAroe paNa ItihAsamAM aneka najare paDe che ja. jevAM ke; te temane kuzanavaMzanA nAmathI ja oLakhAvye rAkhyo cAvaDA vaMza, gorIvaMza, megalavaMza i. i. uparanI carcAne che. temaja zA mATe tema karavAmAM AvyuM che tenuM sAra e che ke, A kuzanavaMzanuM nAma tenA Adi kAraNa kayAMya batAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya evuM mArA purUSanA nAma uparathI paDayuM che. jyAre te prajA te khyAlamAM nathI. je kAMI anumAna koI kaI taraphathI tuSAra ke tevA koI anya nAmanI jAti hevA saMbhave batAvAyuM che te eTaluM ja ke, A prajAnuM nAmaja kuzAna che. A kathanane sara kaniMgahAma jevA vidvAnanA prajA hatuM. vAstavika rIte te kAraNe saMbhavita lAgatuM ugArathI puSTi maLatI dekhAya che. temaNe jaNAvyA nathI. kemake je tevuM hota to vidvAno te AdhAra pramANe78, kAphasIjhanA sikkAmAM " kujula kaDakasIjha" banAvavAnuM cUkata nahIM. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, te evA zabda che. AmAMne kujula zabda khareNI (78) jue pu. 2 pR 120 upara sikAomAM AMka naM. 85nuM varNana (%) juo ja, . hi. karyo. 5. 12 pR. 27

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prathama pariracheda ] kaDasIjhanA saMbaMdha vize 130 bhASAne che ane tene samAcI zabda, grIka bhASAmAM hevAthI, bhale kaDaphasIjha pahelAnA sikkA paMjAbamAMthI Kozolo=kSatrapa evo thAya che. eTale ke kaDakasIjha maLI AvatA hoya chatAM tyAM tenI sattA sthApita te keIka rAjAne eka saradAra yA kSatrapa athavA pAmI ja hatI evuM bhArapUrvaka te kahI na ja zakAya.' ApaNI hiMdI bhASAmAM kahe te sUbo ja mAtra hatuM jeke purANanA AdhAre mi. majamudAre je abhiprAya evuM kare che. A bAbatanI khAtrI, eka bAjuthI bAMdhyo che te uparathI phalitArtha ema nIkaLI zake teNe pAMca prajAnI saradArI lIdhI hatI, e hakIkata che ke, kaDasIjha pahelAnuM rAjya hiMdamAM thavA pAmyuM uparathI jema ApaNane maLatI jAya che tema AgaLa nathI. temAM teNe koInuM nAma spaSTapaNe jaNAvyuM te upara vema-kAphIjha bIjAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM anya nathI ja, paraMtu ItihAsanA jJAnathI ApaNe te pramANenI hakIkata uparathI paNa maLI rahe che. vaLI A kuzAna gaNatrI jarUra karI zakIe chIe. teo lakhe che ke, kAphasIjha jyAre kheTAna ane tibeTa taraphathI utarI "The Puranas mention & Greek rulers Avela che tyAre mAnavuM rahe che ke te pote A of India=hiMdanA ATha grIka rAjA havAnuM purANomAM pradezanA keI jabaradasta cInAI zahenazAhane ja80 jaNAvAyuM che." A kathana mauryana sAmrAjyanI sUbe paNa kadAca heya. paDatI thayA bAda ane muMgavaMzI vaidikamatanA rAjAo - have bIjuM kAraNa, je tenA sikkA paMjAbamAMthI maLI avaMtipati thayA hatA te samaya bAdanI sthiti AvavAnI saMbhAvanA che te vizenI tapAsa karIe-haju varNavatAM temaNe ucAryuM hoya ema manAya che. eTale cekasa thatuM nathI ke, teno amala te paMjAba upara zabda joke mAtra "grIka rAjA' batAvavA mATe ja jAmyo hato ke kema ? jo ke tyAMthI sikkAo maLI vaparAyo che, chatAM temAM sarva paradezI prajAnA rAjA AvatA jAya che; chatAM tethI karIne nakkI paNa te (foreigners) kahevAno bhAvArtha rahyo dekhAya che. na ja kahI zakAya ke te prAMta tenI hakumata taLe kharekhara ane te hisAbe je AThanI saMkhyA temaNe kalpI che te Avyo ja hatuM. kemake, tenA putra kaDasIjha bIjAnA A pramANe batAvI zakAze. prathama grIka rAjA je hiMda vakhate, te prAMta bhale prathamavAra ja hakumatamAM Avyo heya upara caDI Avyo hato tenuM nAma yuthIDimasa cheja, chatAMye kaDaphasIjha pahelAnA sikkA tyAMthI paNa maLI paNa teNe te mAtra luMTaphATa calAvIne maLyuM teTaluM Ave kharA. temaja kaDapha sIjha bIjanA samaye paNa tyAM dhana pitAnA vatana laI gayA sivAya bIjuM vizeSa pracalita rahyA hoya ema paNa mAnI zakAya kharuM kArya karyuM nathI. eTale tenuM nAma ApaNe paNa hiMdanA kAraNa ke eka rAjAnuM rAjya baMdha thatAM ja, tenA rAja tarIkenI gaNanAmAM lIdhuM nathI (juo pu. sikkAonI vaparAza kAMI turata ja baMdha thaI jatI 3, pR.148). te bAda tene putra (1) DImeTrIasa (2) nathI. alabatta eTaluM kharuM ke, gatarAjAnA navA sikkA ane saradAra minenDara ema be yavana patio tathA te paDAtA baMdha thaI jAya, paraMtu je cAlu thaI gayA bAda pAMca InDe pArthiansa, nAme (3) mejhIjha (4) heya te te upayogamAM levAtA ja rahe. uparAMta ajhIjha pahele (5) ajhIlIsIjha (6) ajhIjha bIje pAse pAsenA pradezanA vepArIonI levaDadevaDamAM paNa (7) ane geDeDaphAranesa maLI, pAMca zahenazAhe AvI te vaparAyA kare. AvI sthiti sikkAo saMbaMdhamAM gayA che; ane chelle (8) vema kaDaphasIjhane gaNu rahe (8) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 68mAM "he was varNana te uparathI te ema dekhAya che ke tenuM rAjya kAbulanA defeated by a Chinese rival=tene cinAI harIphe prAMta sudhIja le bAyuM hatuM. harAvyo hato " tevA IMgrejI zabdovALuM mULa avataraNa. (82) jue hi. hi, . 552 | (81) jue tenA sikkAnuM (5, 25.20 AMka naM. 85).

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140 kuzAnavaza sAthe [ navama khaMDa che, kemake teNe paNa hiMdamAM keTalAMka varSo sudhI rAjaya potAnI jIdagInA pAchalA bhAgamAM ja tema banavA karyuM che. ane tenA pachI, bhale tenA vaMzajo gAdI upara pAmyuM hoya. paraMtu ApaNe ema te jarUra kahI te rahyA che ja, chatAM temaNe hiMdI rAjAonAM ane zakIe ja ke, jevI goMDaphAranese pITha pheravI hiMdu jevAM nAmo dhAraNa karI lIdhela hevAthI, temanI teja te mulaka kAMI dhaNI vinA na banI gaye gaNanA paradezI tarIke karavAmAM AvI nathI lAgatI. heya ke kaDasIjha je bahArane mANasa AvIne uparamAM je ATha nAmo purANakAranA maMtavya pramANe turata te pradeza hAImAM karI jAya. temaja, geDaphAranesa paradezI rAjA tarIke ApaNe kalpI batAvyAM che temAM jevo maTI zahenazAhatane ghaNI paNa, AvaDe moTe kaphasIjha pahelAnuM nAma dekhAtuM nathI. A pramANenA mulaka rajhaLate mUkI de te bhaLabhaTAka paNa hoI aneka vidha aitihAsika kalpanAnA baLathI mAnavuM na ja zake. (ulaTuM teNe te kaDaphasIjhane pitAnA hAthane rahe che ke, kAphIjha pahelAnuM rAjya hiMdanI bhUmi paraco batAvyo hoya ema samajAya che. (juo pu. upara thavA pAmyuM nahi heya. aitihAsika kalpanAnI 3 pR. 329). eTale samajAya che ke mathurAnA pradezapaDe, atihAsika paristhiti paNa teja vastusthiti mAMthI je keTalAka kSatraponAM nAmo (jene vidvAne sUcave che je nIcenI hakIkatathI siddha thatI jaNAze. pArthiana bhASAnAM hovAnuM dhAre che te) maLI InDopArthiana zahenazAha goDaphAranerAne rAja Ave che, te kSatrapa A geDaphAranesanA athavA IrAnI amala i. sa. 45-46 mAM hiMdamAMthI baMdha thayo zahenazAhata taraphathI nimAyelA saradAraja hevA che. 83 (juo pu. 8 mAM tenuM vRttAMta) jyAre joIe ema mAnavuM paDe che. ane jyAre AvA kaDakasIjha pahelAnuM gAdIe AvavAnuM I. sa. 31 mAM saradAranAM traNa cAra nAma jaNAyAM kare che tyAre ane tenuM maraNa I. sa. 71 mAM sAbita thaI cUkayuM sahajapaNe anumAna karavuM paDaze ke te sarvene samuche (juo uparamAM pR. 132 ane 133) eTale ke ya zAsanakALa kamamAMkama 25-30 varSane te je kaDaphasIjha pahelAe hiMda upara kaI paNa prakAranI vyatIta thaye hazeja; ane tema hoya te kaDakasIjha pahehakumata bhogavI heya (jo ke tema paNa banavA lAnA zAsanane-uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANene-uttarapAmyuM ja nathI je AgaLa upara jevAze) teye kALa paNa, teNe hiMdanuM meM joyA sivAyaja pUro thaI (83) hi, hi. 5, 647:-He died about 60 A. phAranesanI pachI je perIjha AvyA hatA tene I. sa. D.=I. sa. 60nI samAre tenuM maraNa thayuM dekhAya che. eTale 45 ane 64nI vacce, kuzanavaMzI bIjA rAjA vema kaDakasIjha samajavuM rahe che ke te I. sa. 45mAM hiMda choDayA bAda gAdI uparathI uThADI mUkayo hovo joIe. [(mAre TIppaNuM) lagabhaga paMdara varasa sudhI IrAnanI gAdI upara bAdazAha A vAkyamAMnI bIjI vigate sAthe bhale ApaNe saMmata tarIke rahyo che ane tyAM sudhI IrAnanI hakumata paNa hiMda thatA nahIM hoIe, chatAM paMjAbadeza vimAkaDaphasI chA upara rahI haze ja. te bAda irAnI zahenazAhe pitAnI sattA che tathA goDaphArane sanI pachI, tenI vatI tenA sUbAo upADI lIdhI haze. juo pu. 3 pR. 329, TI. naM 65. tyAM rAja calAvatA hatA; te be hakIkata cekasa mAnavIne (84) ke. e. i. (sI. je. brAuna ema. e. laMDana rahe che. AvA saradArene svataMtra zAsaka tarIke je ke lAkoe gaNI lIdhA che te vyAjabI nathI. te ja pramANe successor of Gondopharnes to the Pahlva DimeTrIasa ane minenDara nAmanA bekaTrIanapatinA samaye Kingdom of Taxilla must have taken place paNa judAjudA prAtamAM temanA saradAre rAjya calAvavA between the years A. D. +5 and 14, and was nimAyA hatA. temane paNa keTalAe savataMtra zAsaka tarIke efected by Vima Kadphases, the second manAvavA prayatna karyo che te paNa vyAjabI thayuM nathI. jIe Kushan KingtakSilAnI pArjiana rAjagAdie geDe che. 3mAM temanA nAte)..

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prathama paricheda ] kaphasIjhanA saMbaMdha vize 141 javA pAmyo hoya ema mAnavAmAM jarAya kheTuM kaDakasIjha pahele eka subA tarIke kAma karato hato nahi ja kahevAya. ema samajAya che. teNe A samaye pAMca judI judI eTale ApaNI te mAnyatAne, virUddha puravAra karI olAdanI saMyukta banelI prajAnI saradArI lIdhI88 ApanAra pramANabhUta anya purAvo jyAMsudhI na maLI ane bakha tathA bakharAnA mulakane pite svAmI Ave, tyAMsudhI kaDakasIjha pahelAne paMjAbapati svIkArI banI beThe. pite eka vIra ane sAhasika ho levA mATe te ApaNe AMcake ja khA rahe che. hAI dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhI aphaghAnistAnavALo tethI karIne hAla turata te ApaNe tene hiMda bhAga paNa jItI lIdho. tenA vize eka ItihAsabahAranA 85 rAjA tarIke lekhIzuM ane tema gaNI vide lakhyuM che ke 89 "His empire extended tenA jIvana vize mAtra khapapUratuM ja vivecana karIzuM. from the frontiers of Persia to the - pu. 3 mAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke aleka- Indus (?) and included the kingdoms jhAMDara dhI greITanA maraNa pachI selyukasa nIkeTaravALA of Bukhara and Afghanistan..He yavana1(Greeks) saradArae tenI mukhyagAdI pacAvI died at the age of 80, after a vigorous pADI hatI. ane temanA ja lehIthI mizrita banelI reign=tenA rAjyane vistAra irAnanI sarahadathI yona prajAe,87 bekaTrIAnA pradezamAM juduM ja rAjya mAMDIne, siMdhu (6) nadI sudhI phelAyo hato temAM bacAvI pADayuM hatuM. A bekaTrIana prajAnuM rAjya paNa bukhArA tathA aphaghAnistAnanA pradezano samAveza thoDe vakhata kaDedhaDe cAlIne nabaLuM paDavA mAMDayuM thato hate.zuravIra paNe rAjaya calAvIne 80 hatuM. eTale temane pazcima taraphano bhAga je IrAnI varSanI umare te maraNa pAmyo hato." ATaluM jaNarAjyanI lagolaga AvI rahyo hato tene IrAnamAM vIne have vImA kaDakasIjha vize je jANavAmAM AvyuM bheLavI devAyo hato ane tenA upara mejhIjhane hakumata che te atre lakhIzuM. calAvavA nImavAmAM Avyo hato. jyAre pUrva taraphane tenuM ekaMdara rAjya I. sa. 71 thI I. sa. bhAga hato tenA upara, eka navIna prajA jeNe pUrva 103 sudhInA batrIsa varSa dizAethI cIna taraphathI AvIne vasavA mAMDayuM hatuM teno vema uphe kaDa- cAlyuM che (juo pR. 171) kabajo thaI paDayo hato. jo ke A prajAnA te vakhatanA kasIjha bIje temane prathamane lagabhaga 3 bhAga saradAranuM nAma ItihAsamAM jaNAyuM nathI, paNa tenI teNe hiMdanI bahAra rahIne hakumata pachInA lagabhaga se eka varasanA vArasadAra pAse, calAvI che, jayAre pAchale ru jeTalo samaya hiMdamAM (85) hiM. hi. pU. pa05:-The Greeks were lekhAvyA che. ema kahevAya che ke dhImedhIme teoe pazcima Aryan colonists of the Mediterranean islands, tarapha prayANa karyuM hatuM. grIka bhASAno AyanIyana ane hiMdane called the lonians. The Hindu tradition yavana zabda bane ekaja che. vaLI sarakhAvo pu. 3mAM pR. makes them of Hindu origin, being the de- 297 upara sAhitya nAmanA mAsika uparathI kareluM keTaluMka scendants of Turvasu, a rebellious son of avataraNa tathA misara ane IrAna dezanA keTalAka zabdonI Yayati. It is said that these Yavans gradually karelI sarakhAmaNIvALuM lakhANa. marched towards the west. Greek lonian, (86) jue uparanI TIkA naM. 84 and Hindu Yavan is the same word=grIka (87) cena ane yavananA taphAvata mATe pu. 2 mAM loke te bhUmadhya samudramAM Avela AthAnIyana TApunA Arya priyadarzinanA vRttAte juo. tathA pu.3 pR. 141, 48 I. vasAhate hatA. yayAti rAjAne baLavAra putra turavasunA (88) jIo uparamAM pR. 136-7nI hakIkta teo vaMzane levAthI temane hiMdu daMtasthAmAM hiMdI olAdanA (89) hiM, hi, 5, 650-1

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142 tema urpha [ navama khaMDa rahI Adhipatya bhogavyuM che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa te kAraNe A pramANe che. gardabhIla vaMzI rAjA 'mahArAjAdhirAja' tarIke potAne jaNAvI rAjakAra- vikrama caritranuM rAjya ( juo pR. 7) I. sa. 53 bhAra paNa calAvyo che. eTalA mATe ApaNuM niyama thI 93=40 varSa cAlyAnuM noMdhAyuM che ane teNe mujaba tene hiMdanA bhUpati tarIke svIkArI, have TheTha kAzmIra sudhIne deza jItI laI tyAM pitAnA pachInA paricchedamAM, jema tenA vaMzanA zeSa nRpati- sUbA maMtriguptane rAja calAvavAne nIco hate (juo onAM vRttAMta lakhavAnAM chIe, tema tenuM sthAna paNa pR. 50 ) eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, kAzimara ane tyAMja nirmita karavuM raheta. chatAM A paricchedamAM, bina paMjAba upara A vikramacaritranI ja ANa cAlu rahI hiMdI nRpationAM jIvana jema saMkSiptamAM AlekhavAmAM hatI athavA ema kahe ke kaDaphasIjha bIjAe (I. AvyAM che tema A kaDaphasIjha vize paNa TUMkamAM ja sa. 71mAM gAdIe AvyAnuM gaNe te gAdIe patAvavAnI goThavaNa rAkhI che; tenuM kAraNa eTaluMja che AvyA pachI 22 varSa sudhI athavA te ( I. sa. ke tenI pachI gAdIe AvanAra kaniSka rAjAe potAno 63nA varSamAM gAdIe AvI 40 varSanuM rAjya saMvatsara cAlu karyo che. eTale saMvatsara vinAno ane bhagavyuM hatuM ema gaNe te ) gAdIe AvyA pachI saMvatsara vALA rAja amala judo paDI jate darzAvI 30 varSa sudhI paMjAba ke kAma upara sattA jamAvI zakAya, te hetusaraja A pramANe vibhAga pADayA che. nahi hoya. athavA uparanI sthitine rUpAMtaramAM kaDasIjha pahelAnA maraNa pachI tenA putra vema, gaThavIe te ema kahI zakAya ke A 22 athavA kaDasIjha bIjo evuM upanAma dhAraNa karI gAdIe vikalpa 30 varSa sudhIno samaya teNe hiMdanI bahAra Avyo hato. te paNa potAnA pitAnI jema zuravIra rahIne ja rAjya calAvyuM hovuM joIe. vaLI ema ane sAhasIka hate. bake sAhasikapaNAmAM tenAthI paNa ApaNe jANI cUkayA chIe ke tenA pitAne eka Toca jarA AgaLa vadhI jAya tevo hato ema mulaka paNa hidanI bahAra, kAbula ane aphaghAnistAna paNa kahI zakAya. teNe je ke 32 varSa ja rAjya sudhIja phelAyo hato. eTata spaSTa thayuM ke, eNe calAvyuM che ane lagabhaga 80 varSanI umare te maraNa pitAnA pitAnI gAdIe beThA pachI keTalAya kALa pAmyo che. chatAM tenA vize aneka vidvAnonI peThe, sudhI te pradezamAMja ghumyA karyuM haze. e kALa keTalA janarala kaniMgahAmano mata jaNAvatAM eka graMthakAre varSa sudhI Azare laMbAyo hovo joIe teja ApaNe lakhyuM che ke Cunningham gives 35 to zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. te mATe ApaNane bIjI kAMI is long and victorious reign to mAhitI te nathI ja, paNa je eka be hakIkata chUTI chavAI this monarch kaniMgahAma A rAjAne kALe 35 maLI AvI che te uparathI thoDuMka anumAna derI thI 40 varSanuM lAMbu ane parAkramI rAjya noMdhe che. zakAya che. temAMnI eka hakIkata A pramANe che-eka AvA atigahana abhyAsInA matathI paNa mAnapUrvaka lekhake jaNAvyuM che ke, " ladAkha ke pAsa ke chUTA paDavAnAM ApaNane kAraNu maLe cheane tethIja khalatsa gevakA zilAlekha-Isa lekhame. mahArAjA tenA phALe 32 varSa ane tenA pitAnA phALe 40 vama kaphasIjha dvitIya ke samaya ke 187 vaeN varSa meM hai" varSa noMdhI, te bannene ekaMdara rAjyakALa 72 varSa eTale tene artha ema nIpajI zake che ke, te samaye TharAvo paDe che. ve jyAre pitAne mahArAjanA padathI vibhUSita (90) hiM. hi. pR. 152 (91) uparI TIkA naM. 13 ie. (92) jue uttara hiMdamAMthI pragaTa thatA mAsika sudhA ane 1990no mArgazIrSa aMka, . 5 lekha zrIyata vAsudeva zaraNu agravAla ema. e. ela. ela. nI "mathurA kA cIya staMbha' nAmano lekha (93) vaLI jue. pu. 2. sika naM. 86; temAM paNa potAne mahArAdhirAjanI padavIthI vibhUSita thayela jaNAve che Shree Sudhammaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama paricacheda ] kaDaphasIjha bIje 143 jAhera kare che, tyAre teNe rAjakAraNamAM atimahatvanuM ke A sarva banAvane samaya i. sa. pU. 110-15 sthAna meLavI lIdhuM hovuM joIe. jayAre bIjI bAju Azare che. eTale je tene pAyArUpa gaNIe te, teNe sAladarzanane je AMka mAMDavo che te 187ne te cInAI olAdanA saradAranA vaMzane sthapAyAne paNa che; eTale ema sUcana kare che ke pote potAno saMvata uparane zilAlekha karAyo hato, tyAre 187 varSa ke sAla vAparavA jevI sthitie paheo nahe. thayA hatA gaNAya. ane te samayane kALagaNanAmAM paraMtu te AMka pitAnA vaMzanA keAI mahApurUSe gatimAM utArAya te I. sa. pU. 110-187=I. sa. 77mAM mUko hoya athavA te pite je kAInI ANamAM- banyAnuM tene seMdhI zakAya. eTale vastusthiti e ardhakhaMDiyA tarIke ke sUbA tarIke-rahIne kAma karyuM thaI ke, vema kAphasI uparanA sthaLane pitAnI sattAmAM jo hoya tenI vaparAzane heya-AvI be sthitimAMthI 14 varSe (je I. sa. 63 mAM gAdIe AvyAnuM ekane te AMka94 saMbhavita hovAnuM kahI sakAya. ApaNe gaNIe te) athavA vikalpa 6 varSe (je i. sa. ema te sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, vema kaDaphasIjhane 71 mAM gAdIe AzAnuM gaNIe te) laI lIdhe pitAne naMbara, pitAnA vaMzanI apekSAe bIje ho hatA. ane mahArAjapada jevI sthiti ubhI karI ane tenA prathamanA rAjAnuM rAjya 40 varSa cAlyuM hatuM. dIdhI hatI. A pramANe eka hakIkata thaI. jyAre eTale je tevA hisAbe A AMka kotarAvAyo haoNta bIjI bAju, okasapharDa hisTarI opha inDiAmAM te tenI maryAdA bahu bahu te 72 sudhIja pahoMcata, pR. 146 upara jaNAvAyuM che ke, teNe pitAnA paNa zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyA pramANe 187 sudhI te amalanA navamA varSe cinanA zahenazAhane tenI naja pahoMcata. matalaba e thaI ke pitAnA vaMzanA dIkarI potAne paraNAvavA mAguM me kahyuM hatuM. svabhAvika purUSa sAthenA saMbaMdhavALo te AMka dekhAto nathI. eTale rIte samajAya che tema, A zahenazAhe pitAnI prajAnA pachI bAkI vicAravAnI rahI tenI akhaDiyA tarIkenI eka nAnakaDA jevA saradArane-pachI bhale te saradAra athavA sUbA tarIkenI ja bIjI sthiti. ApaNe uparamAM hamaNuM keTalAya deze chatI karIne moTo rAjA banya jANI cUkyA chIe ke enA pitAe paNa amuka hoya, are bhalene pitAnA karatAM paNa moTA pradezane amuka pAMca prajAnAM ToLAnI saradArI lIdhI hatI, ke rAjavI thaI paDayo hoya chatAMye, tenA kuTuMbanuM gairava je rAjyano uddabhava bekaTrIana sAmrAjyanA nAzamAMthI te turatane turata vadhI jatuM nathI ja ne! tevI thavA pAmyo hato, jemAMne cheDe bhAga IrAnI zahe- gaNatrIthI-pitAnI kanyA ApavAne badale, sAme nazAhatamAM bheLavI levAyo hato ane te upara rAjazAhI tiraskAra karIne yuddhanI mAMgaNI karI hovI joIe. kuTuMbanA eka nabIrA jhIjhane hakumata calAvavA cInAI zahenazAhanA sainyapatie kaDakasIjhane A yuddhamAM nImavAmAM Avyo hato tathA bIjo pUrvano thoDo bhAga evI te sakhta hAra khavarAvI hatI ke tenA pitAnA kaI cInAI olAdanA saradAre jItI lIdho hato. sainyane moTe bhAga ( kahevAya che ke, A laDAImAM bekaTrIana sAmrAjyanI nAza karanArI krAMtino samaya kaDaphasIjhanA lazkaramAMthI 70000 mANasa kapAI jo ke siddha thayo nathI paNa mejhIjhanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM gayuM hatuM) maraNa pAmI gayo ane te samaya pachI (juo pu. 3 pR. 314) sAbita karI gayA chIe keI kALe paNa kaDapha sIjhe pAchuM cIna sAmuM joyuM (94) vidvAnoe tene bIjI ja sthitino kalpI lIdho te mATe khulAse pu. 3 mAM pR. 238 jue. che. AvI ja rIte, takSilAnA eka zilAlekhamAM je 78 (95) sarakhAvo nIcenI TIka naM. 96. AMka che te kSatraya pAtikanA samayane hovA chatAM mojhIjhana (96) mA, . . pR. 231; tene 70000 mANasanI mAnI laIne te banAvane vikata karI devAmAM Avyo che. khuvArI khamavI paDI hatI. hiM, hi. pR. 15 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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144 OU nahi ke tenuM nAma suddhAM paNa lIdhuM nahi. eTaluMja nahi, paNa je khATAna ke anya bhUmi teNe meLavI hatI te paNa ekI kADhavI paDI hatI. A pramANe khIjI hakIkata aI. dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke cIna sAthenuM yuddha tA potAnA rAjyanA navamA varSe zarU thaEte khatama thayuM che. ( athavA laMbAyuM hoya te| pazu-navamA varSa bAda ) eTale jo cIna pratye tene tiraskAra vyApta thayeA hAya teA, navamA varSa bAdaja thayA kahevAya. chatAM jyAre tene ApaNe teja cInAI zahenazAhanA savrata vAparate! najare dekhIe chIe, tyAre te ema kabUla karavuM ja rahe che ke, te zilAlekha kAtarAvyA tyAM sudhI tene ane cInAI zahenazAhane sArasArUM ja cAlye jatuM hatuM. matalaba e thai ke te zilAlekha kAtarAvAyAneA samaya, peAtAnA rAjyanA navamA varSe cInAI zahenazAha sAthe kaDasIjha bIjo yuddhamAM utaryAM te pUrvenAja gaNavA paDaze. A kAraNathI tenA rAjye 14 mA varSane badale 6ThThA varSe te kAtarAye hAvAnuM ApaNe gaNavuM joI e. ane tema thatAM Ape| Apa e paNa siddha thai gayuM ke, tenA rAjyanA AraMbha I. sa. 63 ne badale I. sa, 71 mAM ja thayeA hAvAnuM gaNavuM rahe che. eTale samuccaya tene rAjyakALa 32 varSaAAja kahevAya. (jue pR. 132 tathA rR. 135 TI. naM. 63) jema urphe uparanA varNanathI eka vastusthiti e spaSTa thaI gaI ke teNe potAnA sAhasikaNAthI ane kAMDAnA baLathI jamInaneA mATe vistAra jItI lIdhA hatA, ane vijyaprAptinA dhamaMDamAMne dhamaMDamAMja, potAnA ziratAja evA zahenazAhanI kuMvarInuM mAguM hatuM.97 pariNAme peAtAne pastAvuM paDayuM che. vaLI kAMIka karyuM (97) zahenazAha pAteja tenI jItathI khuzI thaine peAtAnI zubhecchA ke AnaMda pradarzita karavAne peAtAnI putrI tene paraNAve te judI vAta che ane pAte sAmA uThIne tevI mAMgaNI me|kalAve te judI vAta che. benI vacce teTalA phera gaNAya. (98) jue a. hiM. I. (smitha) AvRti 272 nuM TIpaNu 4 pR. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama kheDa e AbarU paNa banyA che. eTale te khAjI-hiMdanI bahAra parAkrama karavAnuM mAMDI vALI teNe potAnuM lakSa have hiMda tarapha doravAnuM durasta vicAryuM hatuM. cIna sAthenuM uparanuM yuddha thayA bAda i. sa. 71+9=80 sudhI thoDAka vakhata teNe susthita thavAmAM gALyo hatA ema samajAya che. te bAda dhIme dhIme paMjAba ane kAzmira jItI lIdhAM hatAM. sara jona mArazala sAhebanuM mAnavuM ema che 38 Kushanas obtained Taxilla_in_60 A. D.= kuzAneAe I. sa. 60 mAM takSilA jItI lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre gaeN|. raTena keAnA evA mata dharAve che 69 Sirkap ( the capital of Khaharatas, Saka and Parthian rulers of Taxilla=page 2) was sacked by Kushanas about 70 A.D= sIrakaeNpane100 (takSinnApati kSaharATa, zaka ane pArthianeAnI je rAjadhAnI hatI te=jIe pR. 2 ) Azare I, sa. 70 mAM kuzAnee bALI nAMkhyuM hatuM. eka hakIkata takSilA jItyA bAbatanI che. temAM I. sa. 60nI sAla che. jyAre bIjImAM i. sa. 70 nI sAla che. paraMtu temAMthI jIta meLavIne bALI nAMkhyAnI sthiti thai che, ke jIta ane nAza karavA te banne ekaja sthiti sUcaka che. te kAMka spaSTa thatuM nathI. eTale samAdhAna khAtara ema svIkAra karI zakAya ke, prathama jIta hatI ane pachI vinAza thayA hatA; ane tenA samaya mATe 70 nI sAla hatI.101 A samayanI badhI gaNatrI vidyAnAe je mUkI che te zaka saMvata ( uttara hiMdamAM cAlatA saMvata; jete have pachI ApaNe kuzAna saMvata tarIke eALakhAvavAnA chIe te) i. sa. 78 mAM sthapAye (99) jue. ja. i. hi kA. pu. 12 pu. 32 (100) ja. iM. hi. kA. pu. 12. pR. 2 (101) ne ke ApaNe pu. 3 5. 275-kramAM takSilAnA nArA vize ntudIja sthiti kalpI kADhI che. eTale tyAMnI ane ahInI-ema banne vastusthiti sarakhAvIne kha tAtpa zodhI kADhavAnI jarUra che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama paricheda ] kaDakasIjha bIje to evA hisAbathI karI che. jayAre te saMvatanI hiMdamAM TheTha banArasa sudhI jIta meLavyAnuM noMdhAyuM Adi te I. sa. 103 mAMja thaI che ema AgaLa che. te bAbata jaNAvavAnuM ke, tema banavA pAmyuM upara ApaNe sAbita karIzuM. eTale 103-78=25 nahIM hoya; kemake mathurAthI 12-14 mAIla dUra mATe varSane je taphAvata paDe che te, upara TharAvela 70 nAmanuM eka gAma AveluM che. tyAM AgaLathI sAMprataI. sa. mAM bheLavatAM, tazilAnA nAzane kharekhara kALe tenI siMhAsana upara birAjIta karelI mUrti samaya te ApaNe I. sa. 70+25=95 mUka maLI AvI che. eTale tyAMsudhIne mulaka te teNe paDaze. bIjI bAju ApaNe batAvI gayA chIe jItI lIdheluM hatuM ema samajAya che. paraMtu pote ke gardabhIla rAjya vikramacaritrana sabe maMtrigupta mathurA upara koI jAtanuM AkramaNa lAvI zako I. sa. 93 AsapAsanA samaya sudhI kAzmira upara nahIM hoya. jo tema thayuM hota to tenAM kAMIka cihe hakumata calAvI rahyo hato. A banne sthitinuM te mUkyA vinA raheta nahIM ane tenI siMhAsanAsIta ekIkaraNa karatAM ema phalitArtha kADhI zakAze ke, mUrti, je mathurAthI mAtra 14 mAileja nIkaLI che vikramacaritra gardabhIlanA rAjyanA aMtamAM ke tenA tene badale mathurA zaheramAMthI maLI AvI hata; maraNa pachI turataja, vema kaDakasIjhe hiMda upara caDAI athavA te tene saMvata je tenI pachInA vaMzaja karI hatI ane paMjAba tathA kAzmira jItI lIdhAM kaniSka pahelAe calAvyo che, te tenA samayathI ja hatAM. te bAda teNe potAnA kadama dhImedhIme uttara hiMdamAM gatimAM mUkAyo hota. eTaleja zaMkA uddabhave che ke, laMbAvavA mAMDayA hatAM. vaLI vikramacaritra 5chInA be mathurA sudhI tene rAjya amala pahoMcI zake nahIM rAjAo nabaLA hovAthI, tene AgaLa vadhavAmAM koIne heya03 paNa mAtra 14 mAila cheTeja rahyo haze jabarajasta sAmane karavo paDyo hoya ema mAnI ane tyAM tenuM maraNa nIpajyuM haze. kadAca dalIla zakAtuM nathI. vaLI tenA vize eka nUdha nIkaLe che, ke'02 khAtara ema paNa kahI zakAya ke, mATe te mathurAnuM Kadphisis next attacked India. All eka paruM haze. eTale104 pite mathurA pati te thayo North-west India, as far as Benares haze, chatAM tenuM maraNa mATe nAmanA gAmanuM sthaLa (except perhaps Sind) passed to him= jyAM atra che tyAM thayuM haze ane aMtima kriyA tyAM te bAda kaDaphasIe hiMda upara caDAI karI hatI ane karavAmAM AvI haze tenAM smAraka tarIke sihAsanAbanArasa sudhI A uttara hiMda tathA (kadAca sIta tenI mUrti goThavavAmAM AvI haze; athavA siMdha sivAyana) pazcima hiMdustAna tenA hAthamAM te sthaLaja tenA dharmanuM kaI tIrthadhAma haze. athavA AvI paDe hato." atra ApaNe pazcima hiMdanI ema paNa uttara goThavI zakAya ke, te mathurApati te chata vize prazna carcavAne nathI, paNa teNe uttara banyo hato, paNa cInAI zahenazAha sAthenA yuddhamAM (102) juo hiM. hi. pU. 652 je samayathI avaMtinI gAdI meLavI che te samayathI te saMvata (103) jema mamra hiMdamAM avaMtinuM sthAna anupama calAvyA nathI, paNa pitAnA vaMzanA AdipurUSathI (je lekhAtuM hatuM ane tene vijetA potAnA jIvatarane dhanya banene kisAmAM temanA pitAja hatA) tene prAraMbha mAno hato tema uttara hiMdamAM mathurAnuM sthAna gaNAtuM hatuM. gaNAvyo che]. tethI karIne ja, paradezI AkramaNakAromAMnA nahapaNe avaMti (10) A uparathI ema paNa siddha thaI jAya che ke, chatI laIne, tathA ca4Ne paNa avaMti chavI laIne mAtra nAmanuM sthaLa che. te mathurAnuM paruM nahotuM ja; ane ema pitAne "rAjA" parathI vibhUSita karyA che ane potAnA siddha thayuM te e paNa ApoApa siddha thaI gayuM che te vaMzanA saMvata calAgyA che. alabatta eTaluM kharSa ke temaNe samaye mathurAne vistAra, mATa sudhI laMbAya naheAte. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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146 tene je zikasta khAvI paDI hatI tathA peAtAnA pUrvajanA meLavelA keTalAka prAMtA gumAvI devA paDayA hatA, te kalaka tenA hRdayamAM eka zalya tarIke khUMcyA karatu hatuM. pariNAme peAtAnA vijayadarzaka saMvata calAvavAnA vicAra teNe paDatA mUkI dIdhA haze. game tema hAya, paNa kuzAna saMvatanA prAraMbha tenA rAjyathI thayA nathI eTaluM cokakasa cheja. kAi ema paNa bacAva lAvI zakaze ke teNe mathurA te sara karyuM hatuM paNa turata maraNa pAmyA hatA. eTale te samayathI ja tenA zakanA AraMbha thayA che. paraMtu kAI saMvatanI Adi tenA pravartakanA maraNanA samayathI gaNuAvAnI prathA cAlu thaI heAya tevuM jANuvAmAM AvyuM nathI. teTalAmATe vesa phaMDasIjha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDa tenA maraNanA smAraka tarIke, tene saMvata na calAvatAM tenA putre peAtAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA samayathIja saMvatane Arabha gaNAvyA che. teA vaLI savAla e thaze ke zuM kaniSka eve naguNA banyA hatA ke peAtAnA pitAnA parAkramanI avagaNanA karI de? paraMtu vAstavikatA e kahevAta ke, tenA pitAnA rAjyAra`bhathIja te zakanI Adi teNe gaNAvavI raheta. A badhI kalpanA tenAthI zaka je pravartamAna thayeA nathI te ekaja vastu sthitithI dharAzAyI thaI paDe che. ane jyAre mathurA sudhI paNa te paheAMcI zakayA nathI tyAre mathurAnI pUrve keTalAye mAIlanA AMtare Avela khanArasa sudhI te te pahoMcyA heAvAnuM mAnIja kema zakAya ? www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda kuzAnavaMza (cAlu) TUMkasAraH--(1) kaniSka paheleA-kuzAnavaMzamAM A kaniSka ja rAjApada prathama grahaNu karyuM hatuM tenuM Apela kAraNa-vesa sAthe tenA saMbaMdha kevA prakArane hAya tenuM Apela varNana -tenI chata ane rAjya vistAranA Apela citAra-tenI rAjanIti, kuTuMba ane umara vizenI karela carcA-tene dharma tathA te AdhAre ghaDAyala tenA jIvanavRttAMtanA karela vivAda-khAddhadharmanA prasAra khAkhatamAM vidvAnAnA matayaiAnAM karelAM TAMcaNu-kuzAnaprajAnA itihAsamAMthI jANavA yAgya ATha muddAnI karela tAravaNI-temAMnA pAMcanuM, cAgya sthaLe vivecana karavAnuM jaNAvI, A prakaraNe saMbaMdha dharAvatA mAtra traNanuM karela vivaraNatemAM paNa AryaanAryanI samajUti vizenI viziSTatA-- (2) vajheSTha, jheSTha, jIskaH--tenuM Apela jIvana vRttAMta-- (3) haviSka--jhuSka--tenA vize ubhI thatI keTalIye muzkelInuM yathAzakti khulAsA ane carcA karI ApeluM nirAkaraNa-tenI umara tathA rAjakuTuMba sAthenA saMbaMdhanuM karela varNana(4) kaniSka bIjo--tenA rAjyakALe thayela sAmAjIka tathA dhArmika banAvAnuM varNana ApI, tenAM nAma tathA umara vize pADela prakAza-aMte khanne kaniSkanA guNNAnI karela tulanA-- (5) vAsudeva pahelA--tenA samaye Avela dharmakrAMtinI khatAvI Apela zakayatA (6thI13) kuzAna vaMzanI thayelI samApti-vidvAnAe tenAM kapela kAraNonI lIdhela tapAsa

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148 (1) kaniSka pahelA peAtAnA vaMzanI gaNatrIe tenA naM. 3 Ave che, paNa ApaNe atra hiMdI itihAsanA abhyAsI tarIke varNana AlekhatA heAvAthI tenA naM. 1 (pahelA ja) lekhavAnA che; kemake peAtAnA vaMzanA rAjAe mAMthI sAthI prathama teNe ja hiMdamAM gAdI sthApIne, pati pUrvaka rAjakArabhAra calAvavA mAMDayA hatA. kaniSka pahelA jema kaDasIjhanA maraNa bAda tenI gAdInI lagAma kaniSka pahelAnA hAthamAM AvI che. A benI vacce kAMI sagapaNa saMbaMdha hatA ke kema ? athavA te bannee rAjapada dhAraNa karyuM tenI vacce kAMI samaya pasAra thayA hatA ke kema ? A be praznonI vicAraNA ati mahattvanuM sthAna rAke che. temAM ce pAchalA prazna te te vaMzanI nAmAvalI ane samayAvaLI nakkI karIne gAvatI vakhate ApaNe pUravAra (jIe pR. 133) karI cUkayA chIe ke,ekanA maraNabAda lAgalAja khIjAneA rAjaamala zarU thayA hatA, eTale have te muddo karIne carcavA rahetA nathI. para Mtu te khenI vaccenA sagapaNa saMbaMdha vize hajI pUratI RNuAvaTa thaI nathI tethI tenI khAsa vicAraNA karavI jarUrI che. te mATe AgaLanA pArithrAphe carcA karI che. eTale tenA rAjyane lagatI anya hakIkatA upara ja atra ApaNuM lakSa krudrita karIzuM. "" tenA sikkAo je maLI AvyA che te uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke teNe 'rAjA'nuM upanAma peAtAne lagADeluM che. jema kSaharATa nahapANe (jIe pu. 3 mAM tenuM nRttAMta) avaMti chatI atipati tarIke potAnA sikkA paDAvatAM temAM " rAjA "nuM birUda kAtaravAnuM zarU karyuM. hAvAnuM ApaNe jANyuM che, tema kSatrapa caNe paNa, je aneka sikkAo paDAvyA che temAM paNa keTalAka upara 'rAjA'nuM khirUda jovAya che; ane te vize manAya che ke (AvatA paricchedamAM tene lagatI carcA karatAM ApaNe sAbitI ApIzuM) tevA sikkAe teNe paNa atinI gAdI hAtha karyA pachI ja paDAvyA (1) nu gata paoi TIkA na', 100 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navasa khaMDa che. eTale ke A banne paradezI rAjakartAoe, khuda hiMdamAM nivAsa sthAna karyAM chatAMe ane aneka mulaka upara rAjyasattA ane adhikAra bhAgavyA chatAMe, jyAMsudhI sakaLa hiMdane hRdayarUpa gaNAtA evA avaMtideza prApta karyAM naheAtA, tyAMsudhI ' rAjA ' pada jema dhAraNa karyuM nahatuM, paNa peAtAnA deza taraphanA adhikAra sUcaka kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa pade| je hatAM tene ja dhAraNa karIne saMteSa dharyo hatA, tema A kuzAnavaMzI saradArAne paNa, teo hiMda bahAranI ja paradezI prajA heAvAthI, uparanA rAjavaMzIonuM ja anukaraNa karavAnI salAha maLI hAya athavA temanA pagale cAlavAnuM temaNe ja dUrasta vicAryuM haeNAya evA anumAna upara ApaNe javuM paDe che. vaLI A kalpanAne e uparathI samarthana maLe che ke, kaDasIjha khIjAe sikkA teA paDAvyA che ane hiMdunI bhUmi upara adhikAra paNa bhAgavyA che, chatAM teNe ' rAjA ' padathI vibhUSita thaI ne ekapaNa sikko paDAvyA ha|vAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. kharUM che ke teNe 'rAjA' karatAM paNa vizeSa mahattvatAdarzaka, rAjAdhirAja athavA mahArAjA 'nA birUda jevA phikA peAtAnA nAma sAthe joDI teA dIdho hatA, paNa mathurA zaheramAM peAtAnA nAmanI rAjA tarIkenI udyeSaNA te gajita karI zakayA nahAtA (je ApaNe tenA vRttAMta lakhatAM ` gata paricchedamAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ). eTale eja vicAra upara anumAna deravAya che ke, jema sakaLa hiMdanuM madhyasthAna avaMtine gaNavAmAM AvatuM hatuM tema uttarahiMdanuM madhyasthAna mathurAne gaNAtuM hovuM joie; ane jyAM sudhI te bhUmine pote svAmI na bane tyAM sudhI peAtAnA sArvabhAmatvamAM teTalA aMze uNapa rahI che ema gaNAtuM hevuM joie. eTale ja, vema kaDasIjha peAtAne teTalA darajje enazIba rahelA samajatA rahI gayelA najare paDe che. jyAre kaniSkane te padathI vibhUSita thayela joIe chIe tyAre ema .. kaniSTha zA mATe rAjA kahevAyA. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] nizcaya karavA paDe che ke, teNe pAte mathurAne| svAmI banatAM ja, rAjA payukta sikkA paDAvyA haze; vaLI rAjA karatAM paNa adhika gaiAravavaMtu mahArAjAdhirAjanuM pada potAnA eka pUrvaje dhAraNa karyuM hAvAthI, peAtAne darajajo te samayathI bhinna paDI gayA che ema darzAvavA, temaja sAthe sAthe peAtAnA vaMzanuM nAma ujjavaLa akSare itihAsanAM pRSThe garvAnviSThapaNe uccArAtuM jaLavAI rahe te sArU, pAtAnA vaMzanA eka zakasaMvatsara paNu pracalita karI dIdhA haiAvA joie. itihAsakAre| atyAre tene uttaraviMdanA zaka tarIke eALakhAvI rahyA che. zAmATe rAjA kahevAyA upara jaNAvyA pramANe peAtAnA vaMzamAMthI teNe ja mathurA zahera jItIne prathama praveza temAM karyo TrAve joI e. A jIta teNe kayA varase meLavI hatI tenA samaya sAthe ApaNe bahu saMbaMdha nathI. game te vakhate meLavI hAya, paNa teNe ja meLavI hatI, eTale tenA ja rAjyAraMbhathI te zakanA prAraMbha thayA gaNI zakAya. A kuzAna vaMzanA dvitIya bhUpati vema kaDakasIjhane ane A trIjA bhUpati rAjA kaniSkane kAMI sagapaNa saMbaMdha haze ke kema te vize vema ane tenA vidvAnamAM matabheda rahela hAya samaya ema jaNAya che. keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke te e vacce kAMI ja saMbaMdha heAvA na joI e, kAraNa ke te enA rAjya amala vacce lagabhaga dasa varasanA gALe paDI gayelA che.2 ( jIe gata paricchede (3) jema A dasa varSanA gALAnI vAta paNa, pAte darelA anumAnane baMdhakhesatA karavAne geAThavI kADhavI paDI che, tema A vaMzanI sthApanAnA samaya mATe paNa I. sa. 78nA samaya temaNe oDI dIdheA che. bAkI te mATe pramANa ke AdhAra rajI thayA nathI ja. atre temane doSa devAne mAro hetu nathI, paNa saMzodhananA viSaya ja evA che ke aneka ThekANe anumAna ane kalpanAe nIpajAvI kADhavI paDe che ane pachI ja tene aneka purAvA sAthe kasI tevI paDe che. kahevAnu tAtparyAM e che ke kaseTIe caDAvyA pahelAM tene udbhava tA karavA ja rahe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 149 pR. 128 upara darzAvelI vaMzAvaLI ) je vAtane InkAra ApaNe teja paricchede AgaLa cAlatAM sAbita karI batAvyeA che. eTale temanI mAnyatAne AdhAre racAyala anumAnamAM ApaNe pheraphAra ja karavA rahe che. tethI karIne mArUM mAnavuM te ema cAya che ke, te khenI vacce sagapaNa saMbaMdha hatA eTaluM ja nahIM paNa ulaTuM temane saMbaMdha pitAputra tarIkenA ja heAvA joIe. kemake (1) te benI vacce samayanuM kAMI ja aMtara rahI gayuM nathI paraMtu abhaMgaApaNe temanA rAjyakALa cAlu rahelA dekhAya che (2) AgaLa upara varNavelA tenA rAjya vistAranuM vRttAMta vAMcatAM jaNAya che ke, tenA purAgAmI evA vema kaDasIjha sAthe cInAI zahenazAhe je prakAranA apamAnabharyuM vartAva karyA hatA, teneA javAkha teNe tevA ja kaDaka pagalAM bharIne athavA kahA ke tenA ja sikkA tene sAmA badalAmAM parakhAvIne vALyeA hatA. vicAra karA ke, je kAI e rAjA vacce kAMI saMbaMdha ja na hoya, to eke rAjA laDAI laDavAnuM jokhama mAthe uThAve kharA ? are kahevAya ke saMbaMdhanI vAta teA. eka bAju rahI. paNa te saMbaMdha ati dhaniSTha prakArane ane saheje ja eka khIjAne asara paheAMcADanArA hAvA jAie (3) dhArA ke, khenA samaya vacce kAMI gALeA paDayA hatA ja (A carcAnA anya kAraNAnI tapAsa tA AgaLa levAI gaI che. paraMtu je kAraNa tapAsyA vinAnuM rahevA dIdhuM hatuM. te ekalAnI ja carcA ahIM karI che.) te vAstavika AvI sthiti che; tenA je kAI nAmacIna ke chApadhArI vidvAna ArArA lye te tene sa` kAI svIkArI lye che eTaluM ja nahi paNa tenAM guNagAna suddhAM gAvA mAMDI paDe che. jyAre mArA jevA kAI ugatA ke nA nIzALIe tevuM pagaluM bhare che te tene mAthe kaMIne kaMI zI25Ava ApavA ma'DI jAya che. AvI jAtanI manedazAmAM sudhAro karavA rahe che. [A be khAkhate mAMnI eka te nirAdhAra heAvAnu' atra sAbita thayuM che: ane khIjInA paNa teja pramANe pheja thavAnA che te cANanA vattAMte samajAvyuM che.tyAMthI joI levuM. ] www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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150 nema sAthe [ navama khaMDa zuM che ke, vema bIjAnI gAdInuM sthAna ane kaniSkanI yu vikArathI ema sAbita thAya che ke, te samaye gAdInuM sthAna banne judA judA pradezamAM heta. paNa siMdhu nadInA nIcenA dakSiNa taraphanA pradeza sudhI tema te nathI ja, kemake bannenAM sthAne mATe ane kuzAna sAmrAjya laMbAyuM hatuM." A kathananI pratIti mathurA ja che, ke je mAtra bahu bahu to bAreka mAIlanA hiMdu hisTarI nAme pustakanA lekhaka mahAzayanA nIcenA cheTe ja AvelAM sthaLa che. paraMtu bhinna pradezanuM aMtara zabdothI ApaNane maLe che. His dominions indarzAvatAM sthAna nathI. dalIla karAya che, kAzmiranI cludes Kabul, Kashmir, Mattura and hakumatane aMge benA samayanI vaccenuM te aMtara darzAve che. Magadh (3) Practically he was the Lord kharuM che ke dezadezanI jItanA samayamAM aMtara te haMmezAM Paramount in North India= tenA sAmrArahe ja, paraMtu tethI ema nathI siddha thatuM ke te be yamAM kAbula, kAzmira, mathurA tathA magadhay () vaccenuM sagapaNa saMbaMdha ja nahato. ulaTuM jemane no samAveza thato hato-vAstavika rIte uttara hiMdane mata ema che ke, teo vacce koI saMbaMdha he na te eka chatrI samrATa hato. A jIta meLavyA bAda joIe teo paNa eTale te svIkAra kare che ja, ke hiMda bahAranI pitAnA vaMzanI jhAMkhI paDelI kIrtine teo eka jAtinI prajAnA ja hatA. ujavALavA tarapha teNe pitAnuM dhyAna doravyuM hoya uparanAM traNa temaja vaMzAvaLI goThavatAM karelI ema samajAya che. prathama teNe kAzmira dezamAM pitAnuM carcAmAM darzAvela anya kAraNone samagrapaNe vicAra sthAna majabUta karI, tyAM pitAnA nAme kaniSkapura karIe chIe tyAre eTalA ja sAra upara AvavuM rahe nAmanuM gAma vasAvyuM dekhAya che. ane tyAMthI sIdho ja che ke, te banne pitAputra thatA hovA joIe. eTale ke paibaraghATanA raste hiMdanI bahAra nIkaLI teNe 23 varSa rAjya karyuM hovAnuM ApaNe dhI hiMdukuza parvatane cakA mArIne javAne badale kaI vATa gayA chIe. eTale tenuM rAjya I. sa. 103thI 12 dvArA kheTAna ane tibeTamAM utaryo hoya ema mAluma sudhI laMbAyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM paDe che. te pradeze krame krame cinAI zahenazAhanA saratene rAjyavistAra rahe che. A sarva samaya teNe dAro pAsethI jItI levAnI kAravAI teNe racI hatI deza jItavAmAM tathA laDAIo ane temAM kAvyo paNa hatA. te eTale sudhI ke, lAvAmAM ja gALyo dekhAya che. tethI karIne uttara potAnA purogAmIne-have ApaNe sAbita karI cUkyA hidane pazcima rAjaputAnA ane siMdhavALo bhAga chIe ke te purogAmI eTale vema kaDaphasIjha tene lagabhaga sadhaLo jItI laIne teNe potAnuM sAmrAjya pitA ja thatuM hatuM tethI tenA pitAne-je zikasta ati vistRta banAvI dIdhuM hatuM. A bAbata ApI cInAI zahenazAhe 25-30 varSa upara mulaka kembrIja hisTarI opha InDiyAne lekhaka pitAno laI lIdho hato te sarve pradeza pitAnA sAmrAjyamAM abhiprAya jaNAvatAM uccAre che ke, "The Sue bheLavI lIdho tathA te uparAMta, te zahenazAhe pitAnA Vihara of the 11th year of Kani- pitA tarapha bhajavela apamAnajanaka vartAvanA vairarUpI shka proves that the suzerainty of badalA tarIke, te zahenazAhanA eka putrane potAnA the kushanas extended to the coun- darabAramAM-eTale mathurAmAM-laDAinA khAna tarIke try of the lower Indus at this date= eka pratinidhi rUpe mokalavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. kaniSka potAnA rAjyanA agiArame varSe baMdhAvela A jItanuM varNana lakhatAM eNkasapharDa hisTarI eNka (3) jue AgaLa u5ra TI. na. 2nuM mULa lakhANa. (4) jue majakura pustaka bhAga 1 5, 703

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dvitIya pariccheda ] inDiyAmAM lakhela che ke He avenged his predecessor's defeat in Chinese Turkestan=cInAI turkastAnamAM tene harAvIne potAnA purAgAmIne parAjaya pamADayAnA veranA teNe badale lIdhA hatA.' tyAre vaLI bhArata dezanA saMkSipta tihAsanA lekhake te! sAksAk zabdomAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che" ke "yArakhaMDa, khATAna ke prAMta jIta lIdhe aura cInI yuvarAja kaniSka ke darazmAe~ yAnata (pratinidhi) ke tArapara......(bheja dIyA thA)... ATalethI ja nahIM aTakatAM kadAca teNe potAnAM pagalAM AgaLa laMbAvI mAMgeAliyA nAmanA cInAi pradeza paNa teNe jItI lIdheA heAya ema samajAya che. jethI hiMdu hisTarInA lekhaka jaNAve che ke, The name and fame of Kanishka is cherished by tradition, not only in India, but also in Tibet, China, and Mongolia= daMtakathA pramANe, rAjA kaniSkanAM nAma ane kIrti ekalA hiMdamAMja nahIM, paNa tikheTa, cIna ane mAMgAliyAmAM paNa sAcI rIte harSabhera jaLavAi rahyAM che. matalaba ke teNe cIna dezanI uttara hada sudhInA prAMtA jItI lIdhA hatA. 'lAbhane nahIM theAla' te kahetI anusAra ATalethI saMtASa na dharatAM te AgaLa ne AgaLa jIta karatA dhasamasI javA lAgyA. eTale lAMbA samayathI peAtAnA vatanathI dUra dUra haDasAI gayela sainyadaLamAMnA kAika sipAIe, jema aleka jhAMDara dhI meITanuM khUna karI nAMkhyAnuM kahevAya che kaniSkanA saMbaMdha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (5) magadhadeza teNe jItyA hatA evA purAvA mane maLyA na hAvAthI ahIM meM sarAcadaka cinha mUkaryuM che. (6) jIe te pustakanuM pR. 130 (7) jIe te pustaka pR. 232 (8) jIe te pustakramAM pR. 653 (9) atyAra sudhI itihAsamAM A pramANe jaNAvAya che; paraMtu have teA alekajhAMDare hiMda upara karelA A lAnuM AkhuM ce vanaja navIzeAdhanA AdhAre kadAca phrI jatuM dekhAya tema lAge che tethI ahIye khUna karI nAMkhyAnuM kahevAya che ema lakhavuM paDayuM che. 151 tema A rAnta kaniSkanI bAbatamAM khanavA pAmyuM hatuM. jenI mAMdha Akasa hisTarI opha inDiAmAM nIcenA zabdAmAM levAI che.10 Tradition affirms that he must have been smothered, while on his last Northern campaign by officers, who had grown weary of exile beyond the passes=daMtakathA kahe che11 ke je saradArA ghATanI pelIpAra lAMkhe vakhata gALavAthI khUba kaMTALI gayA hatA temaNe uttara pradezanI (rAjAnI) caDAI laI jatAM tene raheMsI nAMkhyA haro," A badhA vivecanathI samajAze ke rAjA kaniSkanuM maraNa kudaratI saMjogAmAM nathIja thayuM, pachI ekAda sainika ja khUna karyuM hAya ke kaiAI asare paNa karyuM hAya; ekAde karyu hAya ke anekAe khaLaveA karIne karyuM DrAya; kadAca TheTha cInanI uttara hade thayuM hAya vaccenA pradezamAM thayuM hAya; game tema thayuM hAya paNa peAtAnAM sagAMvahAlAM ane kuTuMkhIjanAthI ghaNuM dUra ane peAtAnA rAjanagara temaja dharathI Adhe, kAI ajANI bhUmimAM te maraNa pAmyA che eTaluM te ceAsa samajavuM rahe cheja. atre eTalI nAMdha ja karavI jarUranI che ke, have tA tenuM maraNu nIpajI cUkela hAvAthI krarIte hiMdamAM te Ave ane mathurAnI dakSiNe Avela avaMtideza ke anya pradeze| jItavAnuM mana upara ye, te praznaja vicAravA rahetA nathI. khAkI te gAdIe kheDe te samaye jo hiMdanI bahAra javAne badale avaMtideza ke dakSiNa hiMda (10) jue te pustakamAM pR. 130 (11) jo ke ahIM te| mAtra daMtakathA tarIke ja jaNAvyuM che. paNa be traNa vidyAnA ekaja prakAranuM kathana karyA kareche. eTale ApaNe tene sAdhAraNu hakIkata tarIke mAnyuM che. chatAM banavA yeAgya che ke, sarve kathAnakA paNa peAtAne maLelI ekja hakIkta-athavA kahe| ku-daMtakathAne laineja tene te huma-vidhAna karyAM gayA DhAya. vaLI ema paNa banatuM jaNAyuM che ke, eka vakhatanI tathA lAMbe dahADe satya hakIkta tarIke paNa puravAra thaI jAya che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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152 kaniSkanI [ navama khaMDa jItI levAne teNe vicAra karyo hato, te tenuM parAkrama umaralAyaka be putronI sauthI prathama sahAya lIdhI ane sAhasikapaNuM jotAM, te sahelAIthI sarva mulaka hatI. te bemAMthI eka putranuM nAma vasiSka-vaSya jItI laIne, magadhapati thayela aneka samrATe karatAM vadhAre (TrakanAma greSma-jIka) ane tethI nAnAnuM nAma nahIM te teTaleja bhUmipradeza te jItI laI zakata; haviSka-duSka hatuM. vAsiSya yuvarAja pade niyukta kemake te samaye avaMti upara tathA dakSiNanA pradeza karAyo hovAthI tene pitAjeTalI-eTale samrATa upara, je rAjakartAo rAja karatA hatA te sarve baLa tarIkeno sarva adhikAra seMpI-rAjanagara rahI sarva vAna nahotA; je hakIkatanI AgaLa upara cakaNunuM kArobAra calAvavA uparAMta anya prAMtika sarva varNana karatAM ApaNane khAtrI thaze, eTaluM ja nahIM adhikArIo upara sAmAnya dekharekha rAkhavAnuM paNa cakkaNa jevo nAno kSatrapa je tenA gajA karatAM kArya niyata karyuM hatuM, jyAre huviSkane, kAzmira ane vizeSa baLavAna banI zake che, te paNa upara varNa tenI AsapAsane pradeza saMbhALavAnuM soMpyuM hatuM. temaja velA saMgenuM ja pariNAma hatuM tathA ApaNe TAMkelA rAjaputAnA (maMdeza te kahevAtuM hatuM ane tenI kathananA pratIkarUpa hatuM ema sahelAIthI rAmajamAM rAjadhAnIne madhyamikA nagarI kahevAmAM AvatI hatI utarI jaze. juo. pR. 3. bhUmakanA vRtAte) tathA siMdhavALA pradeza uparanA pArigrAphamAM sAbita karI gayA pramANe upara pitAnA rAjavaMzI kuTuMbane te nahIM ja, paNa tene rAjya vistAra hiMdamAM je pitAnI khAsiyatane anukULa paDe tevo ane kahyAmAM tevI rAjanIti, ho te karatAM hiMdanI bhUmi bahAra rahe te eka saradAra je dhatika nAme hatuM tene kadaMba tathA umara vizeSa hatA ema turata dekhAI kSatrapa pada arpaNa karI tyAM nImyo hato. A saradAra Ave che. paraMtu ApaNu maryAdA rAjA kaniSkanA samayamAM ja maraNa pAmavAthI te atra, mAtra bhAratadeza puratuM varNana karavAnI hoIne sthAna upara tenA ja putra caSmaNane teja adhikAra ApaNe tatsaMbaMdhI ja vivecana karavAnA adhikArI chIe. sAthe-kSatrapa pade, niyukta karavAmAM Avyo hato (je ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke, teNe jema jema hakIkata ApaNe tRtIya paricchede vistArapUrvaka darzAvI mulAke kabaje karI levA mAMDayA, tema tema tene che). A pramANe rAjyanA mukhya traNa adhikArIo AgaLa vadhavAnI AkAMkSA uttejIta thavA nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. uparanA traNamAMnA be mukhya lAgI hatI. pariNAme rAjavahIvaTa calAvavAmAM tenuM hoddAvize, oNkasapharDa hisTarI opha inDiyAnA lekhakanuM lakSa bilakula na hatuM, balake hoya te paNa pite dUrane kathana haju sAkSI pure che; jyAre trIjAnI bAbatamAM dUra hovAthI temAM caMcupAta paNa karI zake tevA koI ThekANe adyApi paryata ullekha thayo najare paDato saMjoge nahetA. tethI teNe potAnI agAu thaI nathI. paraMtu A pachInA paricchede darzAvelI hakIkata gayelA rAjavIone pagale cAlavAnuM yogya dhAryuM uparathI ApaNe goThavI kADhavI paDI che. uparanA hatuM. jemAM hiMdI samrATa priyadarzine, napati lekhaka mahAzaya jaNAve che ke -Kanishka meiTrIasa ane menejare tathA InDopArjiana samrA- spent most of his life, waging success e pitApitAnI hakumata taLe Avela pradezanA ful wars; whilst absent on his distant sagavaDa paDatA bhAgalA pADI, te dareka upara kArobArI expeditions, he left the government kArya mATe sUbAo nImI dIdhA hatA, tema rAjA of the Indian province in the hands kaniSka paNa karyuM hatuM. AvA kAmamAM teNe potAnA of, first of ,Vasishka, apparently his (2) juo okasapharDa hIsTarI opha inDiyAmAM 5. 130nuM avataraNa.

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dvitIya paricheda ] rAjanIti I. I. 153. elder and then of Huvishka ap bhogavI zakata. matalaba ke kema jANe dareka rAjA parently his younger sonkanike potAnI lagabhaga 70-70 varSanI umara lagabhaga lakhAvIne chadagIne me bhAga laDAio karavAmAM ane jItavA AvyA na hoya ? ATaluM chatAM e jyAre bIjA muddAno mAM ja gALe che. ane jyAre dUranI caDAIomAM eTale ke, maraNa samaye tene laDAI laData ane joDAye rahe, tyAre hiMdI prAMtanuM13 rAjayasukAna, uparanI gaNatrI sAcI ja kare te 68-70 jeTalI prathamamAM avasiSka je potAne mATe putra hatA tenA pAkaTa vaye paNa kuca upara kuca karate vAMcI rahyA , tyAre ema zaMkA utpanna thAya che ke, teTalI ane nAne putra hato tenA hAthamAM teNe mUkayuM hatuM." uMmara karatAM nAnI vaye ja tenuM maraNa thayuM tevuM laDAIo lAvI, sAmAne harAvavA ane tene joIe. chatAM te pradezamAM AvI rahelA parvatanI mUlaka jItI pitAnuM sAmrAjya vadhAravuM; ATalA muddA AhavAne lIdhe jaLavAI rahelI manuSyonI taMdurastI, sivAya bIjuM kAMI lakepagI kArya tenA phALe temanAM khaDatala zarIra, ghoDesvAranI jevI gaLAtI seMdhAyuM hevAnuM nIkaLatuM nathI. jIdagIthI kasAyalI avasthAmAM gaLAtuM jIvana, tathA - have tenA kuTuMba ane umara vize thoDuMka jaNAvI bharAvadAra kAyA sAthe khuTa UMcAInuM dehamAna jotAM, Ie. tenI umara keTalI hatI te jANavAmAM AvI tyAMnA mAnavIomAM teTalI umara kAMI vRddha paNAnI heya evo kayAMya ullekha thayo dekhAtuM nathI, chatAM sUcaka na ja lekhI zakAya. A pramANe saghaLA muddAo te viSayamAM anumAna karavA yogya keTalIka hakIkato teLI jotAM tenI umara 65thI 70 jeTalI lekhavAmAM ApaNI pAse mojuda paDelI che. eka, ema che ke kAMI bAdhA jevuM jaNAtuM nathI. teNe 23 varSa rAjya karyuM che. bIjuM, tenuM maraNa rAja- tene upara jaNAvyA pramANe be putro hatA. nagarathI ghaNe dUra Akasmika saMyogomAM nIpajyuM che jayAre khuda kaniSkanI umara 65 jeTalI lekhAya che ane trIjuM, tene pitA vema tathA pitAmaha kaDakasIjha tyAre tenA jayeSTha putra viSkanI umara lagabhaga 40pahele, lagabhaga 80 varSanuM AyuSya bhogavI maraNa 45 ane tethI nAnA haviSkanI pAMceka varSa kamI pAmyA che. A chellI cIjano vicAra karIe chIe eTale Azare 35-40nI gaNavI paDaze. prAcIna samaye tyAre sahaja anumAna karI zakAya che ke, tenA pitAnI adhyAtmika jIvananI agatyatA svIkArI, dareka rAjA umara 80 varSa sudhI pahoMcI che te tenA maraNa samaye tathA rAjya potAnA dharma vize pote kamamAM kama 45-50 varSane te haze ja. ane tene dharma ane te keTalI badhI prIti ane bhakti 23 varSa rAja bhegaLyuM che to te hisAbe Azare AdhAre ghaDAyela darzAvatAM hatAM tenuM varNana hAlanA 68-4nI umare maraNa pAmyo hovo joIe. paraMtu tenuM jIvana buddhivAdI ane tethI keTaleka je akasmAtathI maraNa na pAmyo hota to kadAca darajaje jaDa banI gayelA jamAnAMtenA pitA ane pitAmaha jeTaluM lAMbu AyuSya paNa mAM bhale nirarthaka jevuM lAgaze, chatAM te nirarthaka hatuM ke 13) ahIM ekaja prAMta hoya ema jaNAvyuM che eTale ke vasiSThane gAdI maLI che evuM, tathA vasiSTha ane harvika samasta hiMdamAM je tenuM rAjya hatuM, tenuM ekama kalpIne baMne eka ja vakhate bhinnabhinna mulakanA adhikArapade hatA lakhANa karyuM che. bIjI vyavasthAnI khabara nahIM hoya tethI evuM, haju sudhI manAyuM ja nathI. A zabdo uccAryA che. vaLI juo nIcenI TIkA 14-15) (15) jue uparanI TIkA naM. 14: athavA to hiMda deza puratuM ja varNana karatuM te pustaka che. paNa vasiSka ane huvikanuM vRttAMta je ApaNe AgaLa tethI paNa thayuM hoya. upara varNavyuM che te jovAthI khAtrI thaze ke, prathama ane pAchaLa (14) prathamamAM lakhavAnuM kAraNa ema banyuM lAge che te be zabdone pagaja nIrarthaka che.

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154 kaniSkanAM [ navama khaMDa savavALuM hatuM, tenI carcAmAM utaravAne ApaNo viSaya che ane jemAMnI ekane purAtattvavide kaMkAlItilA na hovAthI ApaNe te tenI aitihAsika daSTie nAmathI oLakhAvI rahyA che tyAM bedANakAma karatAM, nedha ja levI rahe che. aneka mUrtio, pada, zilAo ane taMbha I. kharI rIte te jene vartamAnakALe dharmanI vyAkhyA prAcIna samayanI vastuo maLI AvI che. temAMnI ane tenuM nAma apAI jAya che tevI prathA ja prAcIna keTalIka upara tene lagatA lekho paNa kotarAvela najare samaye nahotI. eTale teo kayA dharmanA kahevAtA hatA paDe che. A sarva hakIkatanuM varNana, dhI mathurA enDa athavA teo kayo dharma pALatA hatA tene nirdeza ITasa enTIvITIjha nAme pustaka AkAre alhAbAdateo karatA nahetA; paraMtu te vIzenAM spaSTa cihno tathA mAMthI 1901mAM sarakAre pitA taraphathI chapAvIne smArake je teo jALavI rAkhatAM gayAM che te uparathI prasiddha karela che. mathurAmAMthI maLI AvelAM kotarakAmanAM ApaNe jarUra kahI zakIe tema che. AvAM cihe do, sAMcI tarIke oLakhAI rahela sthaLamAMthI tathA smArake, zilAlekho ane sikkAomAM zabdorUpe maLI AvatA namunAonI sAthe sarakhAvIzuM, te te tathA sthApatyomAM kotarAvAyelAM dazyo tarIke hovAnuM banne mukhyapaNe sAdaza hevAnuM ja jaNAya che. eTale ApaNe neMdhI zakIe chIe. khAtrI thAya che ke, te banne sthaLonAM dazyo eka ja teonAM nAme vigere je zilAlekhomAM najare dharmanAM hovAM joIe. A be sthaLe sivAya eka paDayAM che tevAmAM keTalAMka daSTAMte A khaMDamAM prathama trIjuM bhArahuta stUpavALuM 16 sthaLa paNa evuM che ke paricchede temanI vaMzAvaLI ane nAmAvaLI goThavatAM jyAMnAM dazyo paNa uparanAM bene tAdazapaNe maLatAM ja ApaNe jaNAvI gayAM chIe. vaLI ApaNI smRtine Ave che; paraMtu temAM A kuzanavaMzI keAI rAjAnA tAjI karavA anya hakIkata choDI daI mAtra temanA nAmano ullekha sarakhe thayela na hovAthI tene nAme ja atre jaNAvIzuM. temAM mathurA, sAMcI, ArA, gaNatrImAM levAnuM vyAjabI gaNAya nahIM eTale tenuM IsApura, sAranAtha tathA varakanA sthaLe mukhyatve to mAtra nAma jaNAvIne ja AgaLa vadhIzuM. darzAvAyAM che. tema ja teonA sikkA vizeno khyAla ATaluM prAthamika vivecana karIne have te uparathI paNa, 5. ramAM tathA pu. 3mAM apAyo che. jyAre sAra jevuM kAMI nIkaLI zake che ke kema tenI tapAsa have te sthaLanAM sthApatya tathA temAM je do karIe. zilAlekhamAM A rAjAonAM nAma cokhA chetarAyelAM najare paDayAM che te vIze ja atre varNana zabdomAM lakhAyelA hovAthI kadAca temanAM te na hoya karavuM rahe che. evI zaMkA to uThAvI zakAya tema che ja nahIM. uparAMta uparanAM sthaLAmAMthI jema zilAlekhe, tema abhyAsa jyAre temaNe potAnA nAma sAthe levaputra zabda joDayo karavA yogya sthApatyanA namunAo paNa maLI AvyA che tyAre ema paNa nizaMkapaNe kahI zakAya che ke teo che. jyAMthI AvI vastuo thakabaMdha maLI AvI che tevAM Arya saMskRtithI ja raMgAyelA hovA joIe. pachI te be sthaLo vizeSa dhyAna kheMce che. tene mathurA ane saMskRti mAMhelA te samayanA mukhya traNa dharmo-vaidika, sAMcI tarIke jaNAvIzuM. temAMnA mathurA zahera ane tenI bauddha ane jainamAMthI game te eka te heya. atre AsapAsanI jagyA, jyAM aneka TIMbA TekarA AvelAM te eTaluM ja bhArapUrvaka jaNAvavuM paDe che ke, vidvAnoe (16) A dazyo mATe juo, janarala kaniMgahAmakRta thayAM che tyAre A kazAna prajanuM nAma nizAna paNa na hatuM dhI bhAratastupa" nAmanuM pustaka. temaja te pradeza temanI hakumatamAM paNa kadI Avyo na A daranAM eka benI sarakhAmaNI karIne keTaluMka hatA. nahIM to potAnA rAjyakAle tyAM jaIne keIka prakAranuM vivecana pu. 1lAmAM apAyuM che: juo pu. 1 pR. 191) smAraka teo jarUra UbhuM karata ema anumAna karI (7) kemake te bhArata sthaLavALAM samArake jyAre ubhAM zakAya che.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] A kuzAnaprajA ahiMdI heAvAthI temane hiMdI dhathI Itara dharmanI mAnI laine ema TharAvI dIdhuM che ke teomAMnA vAsudeve ja18 prathama hiMdutva, Aryatva-ema kahe! ke vaidika matapaNuM-dhAraNa karyuM hatuM ane te pUrvenA te vaMzanA sarva rAjAe hiMdutvathI para hatA; te maMtavya nirAdhAra che ema A uparathI samajavuM. paraMtu jyAre vidvAne e upara pramANenA mata uccAryA che tyAre temane tema karavAne kAMIka kAraNa te maLyuM hovuM ja joie. te bAbatane vicAra karatAM ema sthiti samajAya che ke, vAsudeva rAjAnA sikkA uparanAM cihno tenI pUrvenA rAjAonAM sikkAcihno karatAM judAM paDI jAya che te uparathI kadAca temaNe ema ni ya jAhera karyA hAya. ane tema banavA yAgya paNa che. chatAM te uparathI kAMI ema siddha karI nathI zakAtuM ke hiMdutva grahaNa karavAmAM te ja prathama hatA. cihnonA taphAvata uparathI te mAtra eTaluM ja siddha thatuM kahI zakAya ke peAtAnA pUrvajoe pALela dharmanuM teNe parivartana karela hatuM. eTale ke, tenA pUrvajo te samayanI traNa Arya saMskRtimAMthI bauddha ke jaina nAmanI kAI e saMskRtine anusaranArA hatA jyAre teNe tene tyAga karIne, trIjI saMskRti je vaidika kahevAtI hatI tenuM anusaraNa karavA mAMDayuM hatuM. ATaluM joI lIdhA pachI tenA pUrvajo emAMthI kaI saMskRtinA upAsaka hatA te paNa tapAsI laie. dharma tathA jIvana tenA pUrvajomAMno pahelA rAjA jene kaksIjha pahelA tarIke ApaNe eLakhAvyA che te te AkhIye jIMdagI hiMda bahAra ja rahyo che eTale tenA jIvana upara hiMdamAMnI kaI saMskRtie asara nIpajAvI hatI tenA teA vicAra karavA paNa rahetA nathI; paraMtu kaDasIjha (18) A rAjAnu vRttAMta te hajI AgaLa AvavAnu che. para Mtu te vakhate tenA dhavize jaNAvatAM A mAmana samajI zakAya te mATe ahI' ullekha karI devAyA che. (19) sAMcIne peThe AgaLanA pRSTha upara jaNAvela bhAradbhuta stUpanI paNa teja dazA karavAmAM AvI che. vaLI A mATe sarakhAne uparanI TIkA na'. 16-17, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 155 khIjAe hiMdamAM rahIne jIvana gALavuM zarU karyuM hatuM tyArathI mAMDIne, vAsudeve parivartana karyuM tyAM sudhI zuM sthiti hatI tene ja vicAra karavA rahe che. te mATe ApaNe mathurA ane sAMcInAM dasyA tarapha karIne ekavAra najara deravavI paDaze. AmAM sAMcI stUpanAM dRzyA vize19 sarvAM vidvAneAnI mAnyatA ema baMdhAI che ke, te sarva aidudharmane lagatAM ja che. ane jo tene baddhadharmanA kahevAmAM Ave te mathurAmAMthI maLI AvatI tevI ja vastuone tathA tenA raciyatAone aiAddhadharmI ja kahevAM joie. A siddhAMtane anusarIne, rAjA vema ane kaniSkane tathA tenA anugAmIone aiAddhadharmI TharAvavAmAM AvyA che. A pramANe badhI vastusthiti heta te, ApaNe kAine vAMdho uThAvavA jevuM ja nathI. paraMtu uparanA ja abhiprAya dharAvanArA ane tenA lakhanArAonAM vAkaye| vaLI ApaNane judI ja rIte upadezyA kare che. temAMthI, upara sUcayelA mathurA enDa ITasa enTIkavITIjha pustakanA kartA, zrIyuta mi. smithanA khudanA zabdo che ke, 20 Six bases of Buddha statues, inscribed and lated in the regulr years of the Indo-Scythian rulers, Huvishla, Kanishka and Vasudeva=huvi, kaniSka ane vAsudeva nAmanA InDAzithiyana rAjAonA rAja amale amuka samaye kAtarAvela evAM bauddha putaLAMnI 1 pAdapIThe-Ama lakhavAthI peAtAnI mAnyatA ema vyakta kare che ke te sarve bauddhadharmI hatA. jyAre pAchA peAte ja te pustakanI prastAvanAmAM anya rIte jaNuAvatAM mAMdha kare che ke, The objects found by Cunningham with the exception of (20) jue te pustakamAM pR. 3 (21) 'bauddhaputaLAM" eTale bauddha dharmIonAMja putaLAM che ema mAnavA kAje kAI spaSTa zabdo nathI ja; tenA a sAmAnyapaNe 'buddha'nA a+ jJAtA, saMskRta, vidbAna DAhyo, evA rUpamAM je thAya che te pramANe krAM atra na karI zakAya? (A pramANe mata uccArI zakyA mATenuM kAraNa paNa che te mATe jIe nIcenI TIkA na. 22-23), www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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kaniSkanAM [ navama khaMDa one ten-armed Brahmanical figure, are hIrekalIjha, sarapIjha, skaMda, vizAkha phera (A badhAM all jain=daza hAthavALI eka brAhmaNadhamara devanAM nAma dekhAya che) I. che. paraMtu buddhanI koI sivAyanI je sadhaLI mUrtio kaniMgahAmane prApta thaI AkRti ke nAma suddhAM paNa nathI." temanA kahevAnI che te sarve jainadharmane lagatI che. " eTale ke kani- matalaba e che ke te rAjAnAM sikkAcitromAM aneka gahAma jema mathurAmAMthI maLI Avela sarve mUrtione prakAranA devadevIonuM mizraNa karAyeluM che, chatAM jenanI mAne che tema pote paNa teja matanA che. eka citramAM buddhadevanI AkRti ke nAmanizAna paNa chatAM potAnA zabdo kaniMgahAmanA kathana upara TIkA nathI. eTale ke, je saghaLAo te rAjAne bahadhamAM tarIke utAryA che ema jo gaNIe to, te zabdone kahe che temAM pote taddana asaMmata che. chatAM vAcakonA bhAvArtha te pote kaniMgahAmanA matathI judA paDatA manamAM kAMIka vasavase utpanna thaI jAya tevI temane hovAnuM jaNAya che. A banne vidvAna graMthakAro bhIti rahelI hovAne lIdhe vaLI AgaLa cAlatAM teja dhakhoLa khAtAmAM hamezAM sattAsamAna lekhAyA che. pRSTha upara te jaNAve che ke, " Like Kanishka, chatAM temanA abhiprAya kiMcideze (jo uparamAM he was a liberal patron to Buddhist jaNAvela vikalpavALa bhAvArtha prahaNa karAya te) religious endowments. Probably he was bhinna paDayA kahI zakAya. jyAre eka baMgALI graMtha- growing a Hindu=kaniSkanI peThe te paNa bAhakAra te bAbatamAM lakhatAM jaNAve che ke "He dharmanI saMsthAo pratye udAravRttithI jenAra hato. also had a great liking for a curious sevA te hiMdutva tarapha DhaLatA jatA hatA." matalaba mixture of Greek, Indian and Persian ke tenI aneka kRtimAM zraddhadharmanI je kAMI chAyA gods. The types of his coins had paDI jatI najare dekhAtI hoya, te paNa te bauddhadharmI Heracles, Sarapies, Skanda, Visakha, ja hovo joIe ema keIe artha nathI karavAne; Pharro and others, but no figure and paNa eka rAjA tarIke potAnI prajAnA sarve dharmo name of Buddha grIka, hiMdI ane IrAnI pratye mIThI najare jovuM joIe te pramANe te guNa devatAonuM kautuka upajAve tevI rIte mizraNa karavAno dhAraka he joIe; ane te hatAja ema samajavuM tene 5 bhAre zokha hato. tenA sikkAnI bhAtamAM e garbhita sUra te saMbhaLAve che. uparAMta te rAjA (22) daza hAthanI che mATe brAhmaNa dhamanI ja hoya bIjAne nAme lakhAI javAI che. ane anyanI na hoya ema AmAM kayAM sAbita karela che (ra1) A pramANe banavAnuM kAraNa game te haze. pad (23) bauddhadharmanI eka paNa mati nathI e vastusthiti mArI kalpanAmAM nIce pramANe Ave che. (1) hiMdanI bahAra spaSTa kare che. eTale ke bauddhadhamI matio hovAno sApha jene hiMdI saMskRti kahevAya che tevI sApha InkAra thaI jAya che. mUrtimaMta thaI nahIM hoya; tethI paNa game te AkAranA deva(24) hiM. hi. pU. 656 devIo ketarI kADhayA hoya. (2) athavA te kuzAna prajAmAM (25) A zabda rAjA haviSyanuM varNana karatAM temaNe je aneka (pAMca prajanI banelI te hatI ja) to samAyelAM te lakhyA che. paNa atyAre jema te vaMzamAM eka kaniSka hatAM tenuM pratinidhitva jALavavA mATe paNa jAtajAtanAM thayo hovAnuM dharAya che, jyAre kharI rIte be kaniSka thayAnuM citro ketarAyAM hoya. have sAbita thAya che tema A graMthakAre pustaka lakhyuM che te A pramANe zarUAtamAM karavAmAM AvyuM hoya. paNa samaye, kaniSka pahela ke haviSka pahelo te yathArtha samajAyuM jema jema temano vasavATa hiMdamAM lakhAte gaye tematema nahIM hoya; kemake pahelA kaniSkanI pachI ane bIjA kaniSkanI temanI saMskRtie amaka svarUpa dhAraNa karavA parveja kavika thayela che. A pramANe enI hakIkata ane te temanA sikkAmAM spaSTa rIte chetarAvavA mAMDyuM che,

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dvitIya pariccheda ] dharma tathA jIvana 157 vaidika mata tarapha DhaLato 27 jato hate ema paNa Bengal, Hinduism flourished side by kahI de che. vaLI te samaye bauddhadharmanA pracAra ane side with Buddhism. The monks were feld Canal 24-4 Gala La aai G212 regular Buddhists, but the laymen dharAvatA haze, paNa pite te tene moghama rIte varNana were mostly Buddhistic Hindus i. e. karavAne badale spaSTapaNe ane bhAra daIne nIcenA zabda- men who followed some Buddhist mAMja vyakta kare che. jo ke temanA vicAro atra doctrines on the Hindu basis, having TAMkI batAvavA kAMIka aprAsaMgika lAge che, chatAM castes and Hindu manners. This is saMzodhana karanArane temAMthI aneka jarUrI to sAMpaDI why they could be won to Hinduism Ave tema dekhAya che eTale tene utAravA Avazyaka easily. There are some native Christians dhAruM chuM. teo jaNAve che ke ra8 No Buddhist in South India, who still follow the period in the Indian History. Some caste system and some other ancestral scholars have made much of Buddhism Hindu manners etc. The Buddhist in India. They think that at one time pilgrims of Ceylon & China of the (say from B. C. 242 to 500 A. D.) 4th century A. D. did not notice Buddhism had eclipsed Hinduism; Buddhism flourish in India= Sadlthat a great majority of the people samAM zraddhadharmanI bolabALA evA zabdo ja hAI had embraced Buddhism, and that, na zake. keTalAka vidvAnoe hiMdamAM baddhadharmanuM ati almost everything was Buddhistic in gauravabharyuM varNana karyuM che. temanuM ema mAnavuM thAya che. style etc. It does not appear that ke-(I. sa. pU. 24ra thI I. sa. 500 sudhImAM) there is much truth in it. Buddhism Thadharmane lIdhe hiMdudharma DhaMkAI gayA hatA, vastInA was no doubt prevalent in India. In moTe bhAge bauddhadharma aMgIkAra karyo hato, ane lagaother parts of India, it was rather bhaga dareka ThekANe-jyAM juo tyAM-sarva bauddhamayaja sporadic. The large province of Assam bhAsatuM hatuM. paNa samajAya che ke temAM ati satyAMza was entirely free of Buddhism. The nahoto. nizaMka bauddhadharma pracalita to hatA ja. (paNa) provinces about Hardwar, Canoj, hiMdanA anya (keTalAka) bhAgomAM te te chavAyo Allahabad, Benares had little Buddhi- ja hate. (daSTAMta tarIke) AsAma jevA moTA prAMtamAM sm. Carnal, Jaipur, Panchal etc. furnish to bauddhadharma taddana lupta ja hato. haradvAra, kaneja, no proof as to the prevalence of alhAbAda ane banArasanI AsapAsanA pradezamAM Buddhism there. Even in Magadh & kAMIka aMze te hate (jyAre) karanAla, jepura, pAMcAla (ra) A zabdo ema sUcave che ke, rAjA havi, pachI noe te sarva bauddhadharmanuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che paNa A je vAsudeva thaye che ane jeNe dharma palaTe karyo che tenuM pustakakArane tema hovAnuM mAluma paDayuM nathI tethI ja pitAne bIja, tenA A taratanA pUrvajanma samayathIja vavAtuM gayuM hatuM. virodha jaNAvyo che. paraMtu je vastu vidvAnoe bauddhadharmanI (28) hiM. hi. pR. 702-3 jaNAvI che te, jema have ApaNe jotA AvyA chIe ke () A sthiti to yAjabIja hatI, paNa lekhakane jaina dharmanI ja che, ema je lakhavAmAM Ave te, dhAre che che virAdha bhAsyo che te vidvAnoe karela vidhAna che. vidyA- je lekhaka mahAzayane virodha jAte ja karI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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158 kaniSkanAM [ navama khaMDa I. mAM bauddhadharma pracAranI kAMI nizAnI ja najare hiMdanA keTalAka anya bhAgamAM te prasArita thayo che. paDatI nathI. magadha ane baMgAlamAM paNadeg hiMdu ane tenA kAraNamAM hiMdudharmanAM hariphAI ane vAstavipaNuM bauddhadharma sAthe sAthe ja vRddhi pAme jatA hatA. havAnuM hisTarIansa hisTarI opha dhI varlDanA temAMno bhikSu varga yathAsthita dvadharmI hatA paraMtu taMtrInuM je kathana che te satya che" A pArigrAphanA prajAjana moTe bhAge te baddhadhama hiMduo ja hatA. koI bhAga upara TIkA karavI te nakAmI kahevAya. eTale ke hiMdu jJAti ane rItarivAjane mAna ApI chatAM eTaluM kahevuM paDe che ke A vidvAne uparane hiMdu praNAlikA pramANe bauddhadharmane anusaratA. teo mata jAhera karatAM pahelAM, khuda auddha yAtrikanAM varNane sahelAIthI hiMdudharmamAM bhaLI jatA, tenuM kAraNa paNa paNa nihALyAM dekhAya che ja. mAtra ekapakSI vastu Aja che. (atyAre paNa) dakSiNa hiMdamAM evA keTalAka joIne ja lakhe rAkhyuM nathI. hiMdu-khristIo che ke jeo jJAtiprathA tathA prAcIna uparanA traNa graMthakAronA (janarala kaniMgahAma, samayanA hiMdu vidhividhAne vi. vi. ne mAne che. mi smiya ane hiMdu hisTarInA kartA mi. majhumadAra) hiMdamAM bauddhadharma phAlyo phUlyo hevAnuM varNana I. sa. nI mata pacIsa pacIsa varSa uparanA jUnA samayanA che, cethI sadInA siMhaladvIpa ane cIna dezanA koI jyAre te pachInI zodhakhoLethI sAbita thaI cUkyuM yAtrikAe karyuM nathI. " vaLI A pramANe bolIne che ke, mathurAnI kaMkAlItilA nAme TekarI pAsethI maLI pitAnA samarthanamAM, hisTarIansa hisTarI opha dhI AvelI cIjo mukhyapaNe jenadharmanI ghAtaka che. varlDa nAmanA AdhArabhUta gaNAtA graMthanA zabdo TAMkI mathurAnuM A pramANe che, te pachI tAdA do dharAbatAve che ke, "The Editor of the Histori- vatI sAMcI stUpanI sthiti paNa teja kahevI joIe. ans History of the World is right in A badhA mudAnI-vistArapUrvaka carcA karIne, pu. 1mAM observing that owing to its abstractness avaMti dezanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM, temaja pu. mAM pahelA and rivalry of the Hindus, Buddhism traNa paricchede dhArmika cihnonuM ane sikkAcitronuM was a failure in India ; in modified varNana tathA samajUti ApatAM, temaja teja pustakamAM form it has however prevailed in other AkhA mairyavaMzI rAjAonuM khAsa karIne samrATa parts of India=hiMdamAM rajo ke bahadharma phatehamaMda caMdragupta tathA samrATa priyadarzinanuM jIvana AlekhatAM, thayo nathI chatAM kAMIka thoDA pheraphAra sAthe aneka purAvA ane dalIlo ApIne sAbita karI (30) hiMdanA badhA TATA prAMto laine te vakhatanI (33) phatehamaMda thayo nathI te vAkaya sAthe pu. 1 sthitinuM varNana ApyuM che. eTale mAnavuM ja rahe che ke lekhake pR. 44mAM baMgALa reyala eziATika sosAITInA vArSika sarva prateno abhyAsa karyo ja lAge che. meLAvaDAnA pramukhasthAnethI mi. hairnela sAhebe je bhASaNa (31) pite I. sa. pU. 270 thI I. sa. 500sudhInA ApyAnuM meM noMdhyuM che tenA zabdo sarakhA. ane pachI 750 varSanuM avalokana karyuM che temAMthI i. sa. 4 sadI nIcenI TIka naM. 34nI sAthe tulanA kare. sudhImAM eTale ke 150 varSa sudhI te A pramANe sthiti (34) gheDo pheraphAra eTale ke bauddhadharmanI mAnyatA je pravartI rahI hovAnuM cIna dezanA yAtrikonAM kathana AdhAre hatI temAM ane hiMdanA anya bhAgamAM je dharmI manAte sAbita karI detA jaNAya che. rahyo che, te benI vacce kAMIka taphAvata hatA. A zabdo zuM (2) chiMdamAM te A pramANe ja hatuM. hiMda zivAya sUcave che. 5. ramAM prathama paricchede ema puravAra karAyuM bahAramAM eTale ke siMhaladvIpa I. mAM kevI sthiti hatI che ke, buddhadeva prathama jaina bhikSaka hatA; temaNe sAta varSa tenuM aMhI varNana karela nathI. tyAM kadAca judI paNa sthiti te dharma pALe che ane te bAda temaNe dharmapalaTa karyo che; pravatI rahI hoya che. te hakIkatane A uparathI samarthana maLe che ke nahI te vicAro,

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E dvitIya paricheda ] dharma tathA jIvana 158 ApyuM che ke, atyAra sudhI je je vastuo bauddhadhamAM jANavAmAM je AvyuM hatuM te jaNAvI dIdhuM che eTale hAvAnI manAtI rahI che te te bAbatamAM vicAra pheravavAnI AgaLa vadhavuM Avazyaka gaNAta. agatyatA ubhI thaI che. kharI rIte ne sarva vastuo keTalAka muddAonI chatAM keTalAka muddA evA che ke, jaina dharmanA rahasyane samajAvanArI ja vastuo che. samajAtI je tenA jIvanane bhale sparzatA ahIM te vidvAnonA mata TAMkI TAMkIne carcA karI lIdhI nathI paraMtu atre na carcatAM jo che. uparAMta mArA taraphathI eka saiAthI vizeSa agatyanI anya ThekANe utAravAmAM Ave to te asaMgata dekhAI vAta upara vAcakavarganuM dhyAna kheMcavAnI jarUrIyAta javA saMbhava che. tema bAkInAne anyatra laI javAmAM kAMI lAge che. te bInA A kuzanavaMzI rAjAoe je vAMdhA jevuM nathI. pradhama te muddAonAM mAtra nAma zilAlekho kotarAvyA che tenA AlekhananI paddhati jaNAvIzuM ane te bAda te pratyekanuM vivecana karavAnuM vizenI che. je temanA zilAle tapAsIzuM te hAtha dharIzuM. jayAre anya sthaLe levA jevA je mAlUma paDaze ke temAM temaNe hamezAM sAla, Rtu, mAsa dekhAtA haze tenAM che. ApI te kyAM utAravA yogya ane divasa darzAve che (juo pu. 3nA aMtanA be che tene nirdeza karIzuM. AvA muddAo tathA temanI pariccheda) jyAre brAddha dharmavALAe te paddhatinuM anu- carcAnAM sthaLonI vahecaNI nIce pramANe karavA meM karaNa kadApi paNa karyuM dekhAtuM nathI. teo te mAtra TharAvyuM che. sAlano ja nirdeza karyA jAya che eTale zilAlekhI (ma) atra carcavA yogya paristhiti sUcave che ke teo baiddha hatA ja nahIM. (1) cakaNavALI prajA ane A kuzAnaprajA tAtparya e nIkaLe che ke kuzanavaMzI rAjAonA dharma eka che judI judI ? vize paNa mata pheravI paDaze te samaya have AvI (2) huSka, juSka ane kaniSkanuM trika bolAyA lAgyo che. ane keTalAka pUrvamatAgrahI vidvAnoe kare che tene khulAse -subhAgye ja ke gaNyAgAMThayA ja che-mane A prakArane (3) Arya, anArya vigerene kAMIka phoTaH sAthe mata uccAratAM, huM pote jenamatAnuyAyI hevAthI, te sAthe yavana, mleccha ane tu zabdonA dharmanI vAhavAha kahevarAvavA mATe ja A badhuM lakhe arthanI samajUtI jate hevAnuM mAnI laI aMdhazraddhALu I. I. aneka (gA) kaniSka bIjAnA vRttAMte carcavA yogya. navAjeze ane IdrakAbo Aye rAkhyA che. te sArva (4) bane kaniSka-pahele ane bIja-vaccenA sajajanone khAtrI thaze ke meM vinApurAvAe kAI guNa tathA svabhAvanuM varNana ane sarakhAmaNI cIja atra utAravA dhArI nathI. aMtamAM kahevAnI (2) cakaNanA vRttAMte-eTale ke have pachInA yAda ApavI paDaze ke, jema zaka rAjAo tathA kSaharATa tRtIya paricchede kSatra jenadhamAM hatA, tema A kuzanavaMzImAMnA paNa (5) cakaNanuM pUtaLuM kaniSka sAthe zA mATe? keTalAka teja dharmAnuyAyI hatA. eTaluM ja nahIM, paNa (6) kuzAnasaMvata ane cakaNasaMvatanA samaya vize caMNa jevA ajJAta pradezanA vatanIo paNa teja (7) cakaNa ane nahapANavALI prajAnI bhinnatA dharmane mAnanArA thayA hatA. ema mane te temanA (pu. 3 pR. 217mAM batAvyA sivAyanI) zilAlekhe, sikkAo ane aneka purAvAothI jaNAtuM (8) kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA hoddAnI carcA AvyuM che, je vastu prasaMgopAta yathAsthAne jaNAvavAmAM (pu. 3 pR. 164-7 sivAyanI). Avaze. eTale itihAsavidoe koI prakAranA bhinna A AThamAMnA je traNa muddA atre carcavA rahe paDatA moccArathI bhaDakI uThavAnuM kAraNa nathI. che tenuM eka pachI eka varNana karIzuM. kaniSka pahelAnA jIvanavRttAMta vize ApaNe mathurA pAsenA mATe gAmamAMthI eka mUrti je Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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cakaNu ane kuzAna [ navama khaMDa nIkaLI AvI che temAM kaniSka sAthe kSatrapa ca9Nane ApaNe AgaLanA pAnAmAM puravAra karI gayA ubho rAkhela che. eTale anumAna chIe ke, kuzanavaMzano Adi puruSa bhale kaI dharmane ca9Nu ane kazAna thAya che ke, te bene kAMIka saMbaMdha custapaNe bhakta thayo nathI dekhAte, chatAMye eTaluM prajA eka ke hevo joIe. temAM vaLI ca9NanI te nakkI ja che ke tenA vaMzajoe hiMdamAM vasavATa bhinnI sAthe kSatrapa zabda (pachI bhale karI lIdhA bAda amuka darajaje jainadharmane svIkAra mahAkSatrapa zabda hoya) joDAyala karI lIdho hato. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa mathurA zaheranI hevAthI te tene tAbedAra ke sUbo hoya evo paNa kaMkalItilA nAme TekarI pAsethI je saghaLI vastuo phalitArtha upajAvI zakAya che. matalaba ke te benI nIkaLI AvI che tenAM zilpakAma, zilAlekhe ke tevI vacce zeTha ane nokara jevA sabaMdhanI kalpanA vidvAnoe aneka vastu uparathI siddha thaI zake che ke, teo besArI che. ane te mATe kuzanavaMzI tema ja cakaNavaMzI pitAnA dharma pratye ghaNo ja prema dharAvatA hatA.38 rAjAonAM nAma sAthe jyAre jyAre koI saMvatane tevI ja rIte caSThavaMzI rAjAo vize paNa batAvI AMka lagADela najare dekhAya che tyAre tyAre te zakAya tema che ke teo paNa jenadhamAM ja prajA hatI. AMkane kuzAna zaka tarIke lekhI kADhavAmAM Avyo che. kema ke temanA darekanA sikkAo tapAsIzuM te turata vaLI kuzAna zakanI Adi i. sa. 78mAM thayAnuM jaNAI Ave che ke temanI avaLI bAjue je saghaLA vidvAne mAnya rAkhela hovAthI te hisAbe ja cihno chetarAyelAM che temane ApaNe jaina dharmanAM cihno saghaLI gaNatrIo karAvye rAkhI che. A pramANe sarva gaNAvyAM che (juo pu. 2mAM dvitIya paricchedamAMnuM hakIkata TharAvAI gayelI hovA chatAM, temAM evuM te sikkAciha varNana) vaLI temanA je zilAlekha kayAMya siddha kareluM najare paDatuM nathI ke te banne saiArASTranA junAgaDha pAsethI-raivatagiri nAmanA jaina eka ja prajA hatI. zeTha nekarane saMbaMdha te bhinna tIrtha pAsethI-maLI AvyA che teno ukela jo ke prajAnA hovA chatAMe baMdhAI zake che. A mATenI spaSTapaNe haju karAyo nathI chatAM mi. resana jevA nirNaya karavA mATe bIjI koI vastu itihAsamAMthI vidvAne paNa ema te kabUla karyuM ja che ke, temAM maLI AvatI hoya te tapAsIe. jenone lagatI hakIkatane samAveza thayela dekhAya che. (35) A badhAnuM varNana AgaLanA tRtIya paricchedamAM ITasa enTIvIjhanuM pustaka vAMcI jevuM. apAyuM che te juo. vaLI navamakhaMDe, prathama paricode varNavela sAMcIno (31) kSatrapa bhamaka kSaharATa jAtine havA chatA, na- zilAlekha paNa sAbitI Ape che ke, te pradeza sAthe kuzAnene bekaTrIana saradAra DimeTIasa ane minenDaranA kSetra tarIke saMbaMdha hato. ane sAMcI tathA avaMtino saMbaMdha jaina kAma karela siddha thayuM che (juo. pu. 3mAM temanuM vRttAMta) dharma sAthe ati gADha hovAnuM sAbita thaI gayuM che. eTale (37) kahevata che ke pazInA samAgamanI asara mAnavuM rahe che ke, kazAnaprana jaina dharma ja hovI joIe ane arasaparasa thAya che ja, A vaMzane Adipaka hiMdanI tema na hoya to chevaTa te pama tarapha vizeSa pakSapAtI te bahAra ke jyAM kharI rIte kaI dhArmika saMskRtinuM daDha svarUpa hovI joIe ja. sarjAyuM nahotuM, tyAM ja hamezAM rahela hovAthI tenA jIvanamAM vaLI sarakhA nIcenI TIkA 39 paNa kaI dhArmika saMskRti majabUtapaNe sthapAI nahatI. (39) A sadhaLI bInAne samAveza je ThekANe carSaNa tyAre tenA vaMzajone vasavATa hamezAM saMskRti custaprajamAM vaMzI rAjAonuM vRttAMta khAsa lakhavAnuM thAya tyAM ja karavAnuM ja thayuM hovAthI temanuM ghaDatara te pramANe banatuM AgaLa vyAjabI karI zake. chatAM pu. 3 pR. 395mAM temaja tyAMnA vadhyuM hatuM. AkhA paricchedamAM A bAbate prasaMgane laIne TIchavAI (38) A saghaLI vAtanI sAbitI mATe mArA enDa. carcA che te vAMcI jevAthI khAtrI karI zakaze.

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II dvitIya pariccheda ] prajA eka ke bhinna?. vaLI rAjA vaSka-juSyane eka zilAlekha (juo e hakIkatathI samarthana maLe che ke caThaNa prajAnA navamakhaDe prathama paricchede nAmAvaLI goThavatAM karela mULavatana tarIke ApaNe eziyAkhaMDanI madhyamAM varNana) tenI hakumata nahatI... tevA sAMcIvALA Avela tAskaMda-samarakaMdavALA pradezane gaNAvyo che, pradezamAMthI maLI Avela che ane sAMcInAM sthaLa ne jyAre kuzAnanA vatanane hiMdukuza pAsenA kheTAna -avaMtidezane-jainadharma sAthe ati nikaTa saMbaMdha ane pAmIranA pradezane gaNAvyo che. bAkI kuzAna hevAnuM paNa ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe. matalaba saradAre je pAMca prajA upara potAnuM Adhipatya kahevAnI e che ke, A baMne prajAne jainadharma upara jamAvyuM hatuM temAM caThaNuvALI prajAne samAveza thaI ghaNo ja anurAga hatA, chatAMye emato sAbita thayeluM jato hato teTalI vAta kharIja ane tethI ja kadAca naja kahevAya ke te baMne eka ja prajA hatI. ATaluM cakaNane tathA tenA pitA dazametikane kuzAna prajAe ATaluM banemAM sAmyapaNuM hovA chatAM, jyAre temanA kSatrapa padathI vibhUSita karIne potAnA hAthataLe nokarImAM sikkAo tapAsIe chIe, tyAre te upara darzAvela rAkhI lIdho hoya. temanA caherAnAM, temaNe paherelAM mukuTa I. Adi A pramANenA nAmadhArI traNa rAjAo thayA che vastrAbhUSaNanAM, tathA te upara kotarAyelAM aneka cinho teTaluM cokkasa che ja. paNa teonAM vigerenAM rekhAMkana, te eka bIjAthI bhinnaja paDI huka, puSka ane nAmane anukrama kema tevo jatAM jaNAya che. vaLI temaNe dhAraNa karela padonI kaniSkanA trikavIze joIe te bAbata ApaNe taddana sarakhAmaNI karIe chIe te paNa temanI bhinatA aMdhArAmAM ja atyArasudhI hatA. tarI AvatI dekhAya che. kuzanavaMzIomAM, mahArAjA- eTale vidvAnone te trika jyAM jyAM vAparavAnI jarUra dhirAja, kujula ke tevIja padavIo najare paDe che. paDI che tyAM tyAM temaNe kaI dhoraNa aMgikAra karyuM jyAre cakaNavaMzImAM kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa, rAjA ke svAmI hatuM ke kema te nizcayapUrvaka kahevuM atikaThina kArya hatuM. evAM birUda maLI Ave che. keIe mahArAjAdhirAja vaLI jyAM jyAM te trikanuM darzana karAvAyuM che tyAM tyAM tarIke pitAne saMbodhAyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. eTale paNa sarvee ekaja paddhati dhAraNa karyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. khAtrI thatI jAya che ke teo bhinna bhinna prajA eTale koNa sAcuM ne kazuM khoTuM te vize paNa mata hovA uparAMta, keTaleka darajaje bhinna bhinna rAharasamo uccAravA jevI sthitimAM ApaNe hatA nahIM. paraMtu pALanArIja hovI joIe. vaLI temanAM nAmonI have jyAre ApaNe te traNe rAjAnAM-athavA vizeSa sarakhAmaNI karatAM paNa A bhinnatva turata parakhAI spaSTapaNe kahevuM hoya to tyAre rAjAnAM (eTale ke Ave che. caNDaNavaMzI rAjAonAM nAmeAmAM ghaNuMno kaniSka pahele, juska, huSka ane kaniSka bIje) aMtyAkSara dAmana ke tathA prakAra che jyAre kuzAna- anukrama, samaya, saMyoga che. thI mAhitagAra thaI vaMzImAM tevuM kAMI che ja nahIM; paNa temane aMtyAkSara gayA chIe tyAre dareka jAtano nirNaya nizaMkapaNe karI ka ke uska' jevo che ane vAsudeva pachIthI te zakIe tema che. kema jANe tadana hiMduzAhIja nAmo temaNe dhAraNu A trika vadhAremAM vadhAre keTalI rIte goThavI karI lIdhAM na hoya tevuM jaNAI Ave che. A zakAya tema che te prathama joIe. eTale te bAda prakAranA purAvAthI sAbita thAya che ke te bane temAMthI kayuM sAcuM hoI zake ane zA kAraNathI, te prajA te bhinna ja hovI joIe. vaLI A vAtane ApaNe ApoApa samajI zakIzuM. A traNamAMthI (40) hakumata na hoya chatAM, tyAM ja zilAlekha ubho nonA dharma sAthe te sthAnane saMbaMdha che. vaLI sarakhA karAvyo che te muja vAre majabUta purAvArUpa che ke kazA- uparanI TIkA naM. 29) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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162 rAIpaNu eka nAma prathama lakhIe, eTale bAkI tenI sAthe ene lakhavAM rahe; temAM paNa jene eka vakhata prathama lakhyuM, tene khIjI vakhata khIne ( athavA chellA) lakhavA rahe. eTale dareka nAmanAM khekhe trika thaze jevAM keH- (1) kaniSka sAthe huSka ane jISka athavA (2) kaniSka sAthe jISka ane huSka karI zakAya; tevIja rIte huka, zuSka ane kaniSkanAM (3) huSTa sAthe kaniSka ane jISka athavA (4) hukhma sAthe jISma ane kaniSka karI zakAyaH tevIja rIte (5) zuSka sAthe kaniSka ane huSka athavA (6) jISma sAthe huSka ane kaniSka karI zakAya; A mAMthI kayuM sAcuM tenI tapAsa levA mATe, teo kevI rIte gAdI upara kheDA che tene khyAla dhyAnamAM rAkhavA paDaze. A hakIkata keTaleka aMze nAmAvaLI gAThavatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe. uparAMta vizeSa paNe temanuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvIzuM. atra TUMkamAM tenA khyAla ApI daI e ke, kaniSka pahelA bahu parAkramI hatA, tenA maraNa pachI tene jyeSTha putra vaeka-jhuSka gAdI upara41 AvyA hatA. tenuM maraNu nAnI umare thavA pAmyuM hatuM ane te samaye tene putra je kaniSka khIjAnA nAme pAchaLathI eLakhAye che te bahuja nAnI umaranA hAvAthI, tenA nAme rAjyanA kArabhAra tene kAA eTale jISkane nAne bhAI je huSka hatA te calAvatA hatA ane kaniSka bIjo umara lAyaka thatAM, pAte gAdIpati khanI kheThe| hatA. AvA saMyogAmAM ApaNe kahI zakIzuM ke uparanA mAMnuM kaniSka, jIjka ane huSkavALuM na ra nuM A zilAlekhanI hakIkata zuM che te evuM oie. (41) sarakhAvA nIcenI pR. 168 uparanI hakIkata ane TIkrA. tathA rAjya vaOMnuM karela varNana. (42) Atrika khATAM che ema kahevA karatAM te kAzmIranI ane mathurAnI rAjadvArI paristhitinI guMcavaNa-athavA tenuM aDhapaTApaNuM ja javAbadAra che ema kahevuM vAjakhI gaNAro. te [ navama khaMDa tathA jIjka, huSka ane kaniSThavALuM chelluM naM. 6nuM trika, te e sAcAM trika che. jyAre naM. pa vALuM juSka, kaniSka ane huSkavALA trikane jo temAMnA kaniSkane minor eTale nAnI umaranA rAjAnI gaNatrIthI tapAsIzuM te tene ardha sAcuM kahevuM paDeze. bAkInAM traNe trika khATAM chejara ane tethI vagara gaNutrIe ja lakhAI nAMkhelAM gaNavAM raheze. ATaluM vivecana thaI gayA bAda rAjataraMgiNikAre The continued existence of the three places Kanishkapur, Hushkapur and Jushkapur A pramANe je zabdo lakhyA che43 temAM zuM bheda rahyo che te vicAravuM ati saheluM thai jAya che. nAma uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke, tevA tevA nAmanA kAI rAjAee peAtapAtAnA nAma uparathI tyAM tevAM nAmavALAM zaherA vasAvyAM haze. vaLI A traNe zaherI kAzmira dezamAMja AvelAM hovAthI ema paNa siddha thaI jAya che ke, te traNe rAjAoe te deza upara peAtAnI rAjasattA calAvIja heAvI joie; kemake navuM zahera je vasAvI zakAya che te peAtAnI mAlikInI jamIna uparaja, nahIM ke parA jamIna upara; A che niyameA najara sAme rAkhIne, jo A kuzAna rAntaomAM thayelA kaniSka, huSka ane jISmanA vRttAMtane tathA adhikAranA vicAra karIe chIe teA turataja dekhAi Ave che ke, te traNu rAjAe khIjA kAi nahIM, paNa kuzAnavaMzI rAjAenAM je trika vize ApaNe atre vicAraNA calAvI rahyA chIe teja che. A pramANe sAbita thai gayuM te, have mAtra eja vicAravuM rahe che ke, AtrikamAMnA huSka ane zuSka kayA hAya, te vize te zaMkA jevuM rahetuMja nathI; kemake Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mATe jue AgaLa upara lakhAyaluM niSka bInanuM vRttAMta. temaja tenA anukramane lagate pArigrApha tathA tenI TIkAvALuM lakhANa. (43) jIe pu. 25. 403mAM TAMkela zabdo je rAja tara MgiNI pustakamAMthI tenA sa` pahele pR. 76 pAri. jamAMthI uddhRta karavAmAM AvyA che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] te nAmanA te eka ekaja rAjA thayA che. eTale te te cAsaja che. paNa kaniSka nAmanA tA e rAjA thayA che; pahelA ane bIjo. te A bemAMthI kaniSkapuranA vasAvanAra kaceA haiAvA joIe. te zeAdhI kADhavuM rahe che. trikanI vicAraNA ApaNe nAmAvaLI gADhavI cUkayA chIe eTale te AdhAre kahI zakAya che ke, huka, nuSyanAM nAma vacce rahI jAya che ane tenI agAu kaniSka pahelAnA samaya che tathA te bAda kaniSka bIjAne samaya che. eTale kayA kaniSkanA vakhatamAM te nAmanuM zahera vasAvAyuM heAvuM joie te zeAdhI kADhavuM paNa sUtara thai jaze. sivAya ke te zaherAnA nAmeAccAra, tenA vasavATanA anukrama pramANe gAThavAyA na hoya teAja, A anukrama goThavavAmAM kAi prakAranA niyama hoya ke nahIM hoya te bAbatamAM, ApaNe agAu jaNAvI gayA pramANe, bhale anya vidvAnAe durlakSa kadAca rAkhyuM hoya ema mAnI levAya, paNa rAjataraMgiNikArane te te sthitinI mAhitI hAvIja joIe. eTale teNe je krama lakhyA haze te kAMika vicArIne athavA khyAlamAM rAkhIneja lakhyA haze ema ApaNe svIkArI levuM paDaze. ane temAM te mathALe jaNAvyA pramANe prathama zabdaja kaniSkapura lakhAyA che. eTale sAbita thAya che ke, te kaniSkapurane vasAvanAra kaniSka paheloja hAvA joIe.44 have te traNe zaheranI sthApanAne samaya zodhI DhADhIe. kaniSka pahelAnA samaya i. sa. 103thI 126nA nirmita karI devAyA che. ane rAjA zuSka k vaseSkanA i. sa. 126thI 132 TharAvAyA che. temAM paNa kaniSka pahelAe potAnA rAjyakALanA prathama 12 varSa sudhI teNe hiMdamAMja rahIne rAjaputAnA taraphanA anyadeze| jItavAmAM gALyA che. ane te khAda kAzmIra tarapha najara pheravyAnuM sAbita karAyuM che. eTale te hisAbe 103+12-115 pachIja teNe kAzmIramAM paga dIdhe| gaNAze. pachI turatamAMja ke be cAra varSa (44) ane tethI ja uparamAM pu, 150mAM te pramANe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 13 bAda tema karyuM haze te prazna vicAravA rahe che. khIjI bAjI vaseSkane samaya pazu ceAsaja che. eTale jISkapura vasAvyAne samaya paNa cAkkasa thaI gayA. jyAre huSkapuranA samayaja vicAravA paDe tema che. huviSNu pAte be traNa vakhata kAzmIra uparanA adhikArapade rahyo che. eka, kaniSka pahelAnA amala daramyAna i. sa. 115thI 126, sudhI; karIne jISkanA maraNu khAda ane kaniSka bIjAnA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA te daramyAna eTale i. sa. 132thI 146 sudhI; ane trIjI vakhata te bhAda svataMtra kAzmIrapati tarIke vIseka varSa sudhI. eTale jo rAjataraMgiNikAre sUcavelA krama mAnya rAkhIe chIe te| te zahera teNe 115thI 126mAMja vasAvI dIdhuM gaNAya. paraMtu eka nagara vasAvavuM te pAte tAbedAra athavA parataMtra hAya tenA karatAM pote sarvAdhikArI DrAya tyAreja vasAvyAnuM karAvavuM vadhAre samIcIna gaNAya. eTale tenA samaya i. sa. 142thI 162 sudhInA tenA trIjI vakhatanA kArabhAra daramyAna gaNavA paDe. chatAM eka vAta ema paNa khyAlamAM rAkhavAnI che ke, mANusane moTA thavAnI umedra teA haMmezAM rahyAja kare, paNa te sthiti kayAre prApta thaze tenA aMdAja tA kAMI nakkI naja karI zakAya. eTale AzAmAM te AzAmAM raMgAI rahevA karatAM, je kAI zubhayeAga prApta thaI jAya tenA lAbha dareka mANasa uThAvI yeja. A hisAkhe huviSe peAtAnA prathamAdhikAranA samayeja te zahera vasAvI lIdhuM ema dhAravAmAM khATuM nathI. eTale keH kaniSkapura vasAvyAne samaya i. sa. 11pathI 126 sudhImAM athavA madhyama samaya gAThavavA hAya tA i. sa. 120. huSkapuraneA samaya i. sa. 120thI 126 ane madhyama tarIke 123 jyAre jIjkapuranA i. sa. 126thI 132 athavA madhya tarIke i. sa. 129, game tema paNu i. sa. 115thI 132 sudhInA 17 varSamAM A traNe zaherA vasAvAI gayAM gaNuAya. vikalpe haviSNupuranA samaya jo i. sa. 142thI 162mAM noMdha karavAmAM AvI che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Arya anAryanA [ navama khaMDa TharAvAya te 115thI 162 sudhInA 47 varSamAM tenI (kuzanavaMzanA vakhate) vRttAMta ApaNe cacI rahyA jamAvaTa thaI gaNAze. chIe te samaye paNa AryasaMskRtineja mAnanArI jaMbUdIpa ane zokaThIpanuM varNana karatI vakhate pu. hatI. paNa trIjo bhAga je eziAI turkastAna che 3mAM Arya, anAryanI utpatti kema thaI hatI tathA tenI prajA mukhyatAe bhale udabhava thaI hatI te temanAM ToLeToLAM kevI rIte ane Aryana saMskRtimAMthI ja, paNa kALe karIne ApaNe Arya, anAryanA kevA samaye udara pravRtti mATe vRttAMta lakhI rahyA chIe te samaye te pazcimanI bheda vize cAre dizAmAM phelAvA mAMDayAM yavana saMskRtinA saMsargamAM AvIne tene bhajanArI thaI samajAti hatAM temaja temaNe kevAM vidhavidha paDI hatI. teTalA mATe ApaNuM varNana pUrato tene nAma dhAraNa karyA hatAM, te badhuM samAveza anAryamAM kare rahe che. A uparathI jaNAvI dIdhuM che eTale ane tene mAtra nirdeza ja joI zakAze ke yavana, yena, tathA eziAI tune karavo rahe che. vaLI temAMthI zAka (sithiansa) hiMdI- saMskRti paratve te samaye anArya gaNavAmAM AvyA che. zaka (Indo-Scythians) pahavAjha (Parthians), A anAryomAMnI yonaprajA (Bactrians)ne keTaleka pArada (Indo-Parthians), saharATa, yavana bhAga, bhale atyAre kuzAna saradAranI hakumatamAM AvI (Greeks) yona (Bactrians) I. I. kema bheda gayo hato ane potAnI lagolaga Avela kAzmIra paDatA gayA, te paNa teo pratyekanA viSayane itihAsa dezamAM vyApArArthe jate Avato thayo hato temaja lakhatAM samajAvyuM che. tevI ja rIte pu. ranA aMte tyAM vasavATa paNa karI rahyo hato chatAM temanI sarakRti, joDelA kAzmIrapati rAjA jAlaukanA paricchede teNe Arya nahIM paNa anArya (athavA AryasaMskRtithI bhinna) je svecchene harAvyA hatA, tenuM paNa spaSTIkaraNa karI hovAthI tenI saMskRtinA upanAmathI- 7 nAmathIbatAvyuM che. temaja zleSTha ane javanano taphAvata paNa oLakhAtI hatI. rAjataraMgiNikAre je varNana paNa batAvAya che. eTale atra vizeSa carcA karavI karyuM che ke rAjA jAke (Azare i. sa. pU. ra25mAM) rahetI nathI. je atre jaNAvavuM rahe che te slecchone harAvyA hatA te paNa Ayana prajAmAMnI ja eTaluM ja ke, samajavI; temaja A kuzAnanI hakumatamAM AvI rahela eziyAkhaMDamAM turkastAna ke tuka nAme oLakhAtA pleccha (I. sa. 100) prajA te paNa A prajAja be traNa pradeza che. kaI praznanI bAbatamAM ekabIjAnI samajavI. alabatta eTale taphAvata samajavAne ke bheLabheLa thaI javA na pAme mATe jaNAvavAnuM ke, I. sa. pU. ra25nI heracha prajAmAM anArya saMskRtinuM eziyAkhaMDanI cheka pazcimamAM je turkastAna Avela che pramANa vizeSa hatuM jyAre i. sa. 100nI le cha tene ApaNe eziyAI turkastAna kahIzuM. hiMdukuza prajAmAM anArya tatva ochuM hatuM. ane tenuM kAraNa tathA kAzmIranI uttare ane lagolaga je pradeza Avela AryasaMskRti sAthe lAMbA samayathI karI rahelA vasavATane che ane jemAM kheTAnane samAveza thAya che tene aMge temAM thayela parivartananuM hatuM. cInAI kukIM; tathA kasasa nadIvALA pradeza ke jemAM A saghaLA vivecanathI samajI zakAze ke, Arya tAnkaMda samarakaMda vigere zahere AvyAM che tene ziAI anAryanA bheda te sthAna para nathI paDAyA paNa tuka" kahIzuM. A traNamAMthI be turkastAnanI prajA saMskRti paraja paDAyA che. ane jema saMskRtimAM Aryana saMskRtimAMthI uddabhavelI hatI temaja je samayane pheraphAra thavA pAme tema tenuM upanAma paNa pheraphAra (45) A bhAgane 5. 3 ka. 344 upara tene eziAI havethI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che eTale tene tastAna tarIke oLakhAvyo che: eziyAmAM Avela hovAthI ziAI tarkastAna kahevuM vAjabI karavA, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] thavA pAme che. eTale eka vakhate jene Arya kahevAyA che tene khIje samaye vaLI anAryuM paNa kahevAyA heAya teA vismaya pAmavA jevuM nathI. atre vaLI eka prazna ubhA thAya che. tenA khulAse ApI devAnI taka jatI karavI na joie. jema jema A samayanA itihAsa tapAsavAmAM uMDA utaravuM paDe che tema tema ema dekhAtuM jAya che ke, samasta hiMdamAM atyAre meTI sakhyAmAM je dharmAM najare paDe che te sarve i. sa. pU. nA samaye naheAtAja. balke ema kahevAya ke dharmanAma to pAchaLathIja lAgu pADayuM dekhAya che. vAstavika rIte temane dharma na kahetAM saMskRti nAmathIja saMmAdhavuM te bahetara gaNAze ane te samaye AkhA hiMdamAM mAtra traNaja saMskRtie hatI. jema jema kALa vyatIta thatA gayA tema tema bahAra paDatA vasatIpatrathI siddha thatuM gayuM che ke te traNamAMnI bIjI e saMskRtine anusaranArAnI saMkhyA, lagabhaga teTalI ne teTalIja rahetI cAlI AvI che, jyAre kevaLa jaina saMskRtine bhajanArAonI saMkhyAnA nipara dina hAsa thatA najare paDe che. Ama thavAnuM kAraNa game te avaMtimAM rahevA pAmyA che. vaLI kuzAna prajAne je Aya tenA nidAnanI carcA karavAnuM A sthAna nathIja pradezanA vArasA maLyA che te InDA-pArthIasa paraMtu atra teA eTaluMja jaNAvavAnuM rahe che ke, jaina pAsethI; eTale temanI saMskRti temaNe vizeSapaNe saMskRtine anusaranArAnI saMkhyA saMbaMdhI upara pramANe apanAvI che.46 jyAre caNune vArasA maLyA che sthiti thaI cheja. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke atyAre najare gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAne; eTale teoe temanI saMskRti paDatA sarva phrAMTA-upakAMTA mukhyatAe temAMthIja apanAvI che. matalaba ke uttarabiMdu ane madhyahiMdanI nIkaLyA haze. saMskRti bhale banne Aryaja che, chatAM gardabhIlavaMzI rAjAenI jaina saMskRtinuM mizraNa madhyahiMdavALI caNu prajAmAM vadhAre jAya jyAre kaniSkavALI kuzAna prajAmAM ochuM che. uparAMta kuzAna ane caNu banne jaina saMskRti tarapha DhaLelA hAvA chatAM, caNunuM uparAMta vizeSataH te e jaNAvavuM rahe che ke, kuzAna prajAnuM mULa vatana cInAI turkastAna-khATAna ane pAmIravALA pradeza che temaja te yu--cI nAmanI cInAi prajAnA aMza che (jIe pu. 3 pR. 144) jyAre caSaNavALI prajA mArI samaja pramANe rUziyA turkastAna-tAskaMda samarakaMdavALA pradezamAMthI utarI AvelI che. A banne prajA mULe, upara jaNAvI gayA pramANe AryasaMskRtineja bhajanArI hatI temaja A samaye paNa te pramANeja hatI. eTale ke temane pAzcAtya-anArya-saMskRtinA sparza bahu thayA nahAtA. jyAre sparza bahu thayeA nahAtA tyAre raMga lAgyAnI kalpanAja kayAMthI karI zakAya ? eTale ke tee bhALA, bhalA hatA. tethI temanAM hRdaya kamaLa, nikhAlasa ane nirlepa jevAM kumaLAM hatAM tathA AcAravicAra paNa AryasaMskRti tarapha DhaLelA hatA. eTale hiMdamAM temane vasavATa jema jema vadhatA cAlyA tema tema te dezanI traNa saMskRti-vaidika, auddha ane jena-mAMthI jene je kAvI te vadhAvI letA gayA. temAM paNu kuzAnavALA uttarahiMdamAM rahyA che, jyAre caNavALA madhyahiMda ane bhedanI samajUti (46) sarakhAvA pR. 156mAM TIkA na. 24mAM DhAMkeluM hiM hi nuM avataraNa, temAM bhAtabhAtanI AkRti sikkAmAM najare Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 165 mULasthAna ziI turkastAna heAvAthI, temaNe te sthAna upara ApaNe TharAvelAM-merUparvatanI nizAnIrUpacihno peAtAnA sikkAmAM kAtarAvela najare paDe che, jyAre kuzAnavaMzImAM tevAM cihno nathI dekhAtAM. A pramANe kuzAna ane caNu prajAnI saMskRti vize je kAMI kalpanAmAM utaryuM che te atra jaNAvyuM che. A kathanathI ghaNAne Azcarya lAgaze ane prazna pUchyA lAgaze ke saghaLI turkastAna, arabastAna, ak gAnistAna ke eziyAnA aneka prAMtAnI prajA atyAre je muslIma saMskRtimAM raMgAI gaI che tenuM mULa zuM AvuM hAI zake kharuM ? te temane jaNAvavAnuM ke jema, zruti paDatI hAvAnuM je lakhyuM che. A kAraNane lIdheja samajavuM rahe che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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163 ane upaniSaddhArAnA udbhavasthAna tarIke zakrasthAna eTale vartamAna agAnistAnanA eka bhAga gaNAya che, chatAM te hakIkatathI jema Azcarya udbhavatuM nathI te pachI mArA upara pramANenA kathanamAM evuM zuM che ke Azcarya ubhuM kare che? vaLI bIjo khulAse ema paNa ApI zakAya ke, muslIma saMskRtinA Adyapravartaka mahaMmada payagaMbara sAheba manAya che ane temane samaya i. sa. nI cha mI sadImAM mUkAya che. eTale eTaluM teA kabUla karavuMja paDaze ke temaNe te saMskRtinI udghASaNA karI, te pUrve teA temanA anuyAyIe! anya saMskRtimAM joDAyalAja hatA. vaLI ApaNe itihAsanA abhyAsathI (jIe pu. 2mAM samrATa priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta tathA pu. 3mAM pR. 33 sAme tenA rAjya vistAranA nakazA) jANI cUkayA chIe ke, I. sa. pU. nA trIna saikAmAM eziyAnA traNA dhaNA bhAgeAmAM jaina saMskRtine pracAra thavA pAmyA hatA. tema gardabhIlavaMTI vikramacaritranA vRttAMta varNana AlekhatAM paNa jaNAyuM che ke (jIe A pustake pR. 5, 49 tathA 51nI hakIkata) temanA samaye--eTale i. sa. nI pahelI sadImAM-khuda arabastAna dezamAMja temaja caRNuvaMzI jevI paradezI sattAnA rAjaamale i. sa. trIjI sadInA aMta sudhI uttarahiMdamAM paNu, jainadharma sArI rIte vyApta thaI rahyo hatA. A pramANenI badhI vastusthiti je vicArAya tA huM dhArUM chuM tyAM sudhI Azcarya pAmavAnuM kAraNa nirmULa thaI jaze. vAsiSTha-vacceSTa [ATaluM ATaluM nivedana karAyA chatAM paNa namratApUrvaka jaNAvavAnuM ke uparanuM kiMcit kathana paNa dharmabhAva taraphanA kAI pakSapAtapaNAthI meM karyuMja nathI, paraMtu je vastusthiti mane itihAsanA abhyAsathI samajavAmAM AvI te yathArthapaNe varNavI che temaja A pustakanA vAcakAmAMthI Azcarya vyakta karanArAonA mananuM samAdhAna karavA mATeja ATalA khulAsA paNu karavA paDayA che]. (47) A mATe pu. 117nuM lakhANa tathA tenI DhIkA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDa tenAM nAma (2) vAsiSka-vaseSDa-eka jIka kaniSka pahelAnuM maraNu thavAthI tenI gAdI upara tene jyeSTha putra vajheka AvyA hatA. tenuM nAma khe prakAre lakhAyaluM najare paDe che. keTaleka ThekANe vAsiSka--jheka paNa lakhAyala che. jyAre keTaleka ThekANe tene TUMkAvIne prathamAkSara va kADhI nAMkhIne ebjha paNa lakhAyala che. ane jema haviSNunuM nAma TUMkAvIne hu' lakhAya che tema huSka, zuSka, ane kaniSka evuM trika khanAvavAne mATe greSDate sthAne jIjka lakhAtuMrcha paNa thayuM che, eTale ke upara darzAvela cAre nAma eka ja vyaktinAM che. jyAre kaDasIjha paheleA, tene putra kaDasIjha khIjo ane tenA putra kaniSka pahelA; ema anukrame A kuzAnavaMzI traNe rAjAonI anya hakIkata umara 70 ane 80 sudhI paheAMcI che tyAre sAmAnya niyama pramANe emaja mAnI zakAya ke je ceAtheA rAjA Ave te, jo teneA putra ja hAya, te te nAnI umaranA hAvA joIe. ane ATaluM tA siddha ja thayela che ke, rAjA kaniSkanI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAra vase+- tenA putra ja thatA hatA. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, vacceSka jyAre gAdIe AbyA tyAre tenI umara nAnI hAvI joie. jo ke ApaNe te pR. 153 upara tenI umara 40-45 ane tenA nAnAbhAI haviSkanI umara 35-40 hAvAnI kalpanA karI batAvI che. paraMtu atra je jaNAvavuM paDe che te eTaluM ja ke tenI umara 30-35 thI mAMDIne bahu te 45nI vacamAM ja hAvI joie. "eTale tevI sthitimAM tenuM rAjya dIrdhakAlina nIvaDavAnuM dhArI zakAya. chatAM jyAre zilAlekhathI puravAra thayuM che ke tenA rAjyakALa mAtra cha varSaja cAlyA che, tyAre ema anumAna dArAya che ke te krAIka akasmAtanA bhAga thaI paDayA haze. temaja tenI peAtAnI na'. 50 jI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] urpha jhenka-zuSka umara nAnI che te tenA putranI paNa nAnI ja bIjI bAju evI sthiti hovAnuM puravAra thatuM hovI joIe, je AgaLa upara ApaNe puravAra jAya che ke, rAjA kaniSka je goThavaNa rAjakArobAra karIzuM ke tenI umara mAtra 3 ke 4 varSanI ja hatI. calAvavAnI karI hatI, tadanusAra huviSka kAzmIrapati ATaluM TUMka samaya tenuM rAjaya cAlela hovAthI banyo hato ane varjhaSka mathurApati banyo hato. prathama to mAnavAmAM ja nahotuM AvatuM ke A nAmano eTale ke mULa gAdInI be zAkhA thaI gaI hatI. koI rAjA thayuM haze ke kema ! vaLI tenA nAmane je te pramANe banne zAkhA svataMtra ja pravartI rahI kaI sikko paNa haju sudhI maLI AvyuM nathI eTale hoya te vaSkanuM nAma kAzmIra patinI vaMzAvaLImAM te mAnyatA majabUta banavA pAmI hatI. tethI eka bilakula mUkI zakAya nahIM, paraMtu jyAre rAjataraMgiNiviThAne tenA vize lakhatAM evA zaMkAspada zabdomAM kAre pote ja jukavazkanuM nAma kAzmIrathatimAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che ke48 Huvishka was gaNuvyuM che tyAre samajAya che ke huviSka bhale pitAne probably succeeded by one Vasishka kAzmIramAM mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavI tulya mAnate hato whose name appears from inscription chatAMye, mULa gAdI pratye-mathurApatie taraphanuM-mAna te though not varified by a coin = saMpUrNa rIte jALavI rahyo hato, ema sthiti darzAve che. saMbhava che ke haviSkanI pAchaLa koI vasiSka nAme have jyAre sAbita thaI gayuM che ke te nAmano rAjA gAdIpati thayo che. jo ke tenuM nAma zilAlekhamAM te thaI gayo che tyAre tenA vize koI anya mAhitI maLI Ave che paNa tene ke Apato kAI sikko maLe che ke kema te tapAsavuM ja rahe che. tenA nAmanA maLI Avyo nathI." ahIM haviSkanI pAchaLa gAdIe zilAlekho je maLyA che temAMthI kAMI tatva sAMpaDatuM AvanAra tarIke vasiSkane je ke jaNAvyo che nathI. banavAjoga che ke, tenuM rAjya mAtra alpapaNa ApaNe atre je vAkaya utAravuM paDayuM che kAlina hovAthI tenA phALe kAMI mahatvapUrNa banAva te tene anukrama batAvavAnuM nathI paNa te rAjAnuM banavA pAmyo nahIM hoya, tema bIjI bAjuM ema astitva svIkArAtuM hatuM ke kema te batAvavA puratuM paNa che ke, tenA pitA eTale badhe mulaka vArasAmAM ja che. vaLI teja graMthakAra AgaLa vadhIne kahe che ke 49 mUkI gayuM hatuM ke tene mATe vizeSa laDAI laDI "He (Huvishka) was succeeded by tenAM jokhama kheDIne jamIna prApta karavA jevuM rahetuM Jushka about whom we know very nahatuM. eTale jyAM sudhI vizeSa sAmagrI sapramANa little=tenI (haviSkanI) pachI zuSka gAdIe beThe upalabdha na thAya tyAMsudhI te eTaluM ja uccAravuM che, jenA vize ApaNane bahu ja theDI, balake viMcita rahe che ke, teNe pite zAMtimaya jIvana ja pasAra karyuM paNukAMIja mAhitI nathI": matalaba kahevAnI e che tevuM joIe. vaLI teNe pitAnA samaye rAjya calAke, haviSka pAchaLa takhuzIna thanAranuM nAma vasiSka eka vavAnI tAlIma tathA anubhava meLavela hovAthI potAnA vakhate jaNAve che, jyAre bIjI vakhate teja lekhaka TUMka samayanA rAjaamale paNa, lekakalyANanAM kAryo tenuM nAma zuSka lakhe che. eTale vasiSThanuM ja bIjuM karI prajAno sAro cAha meLavI lIdho che joIe. nAma zuSka hevAnuM ke ApaNe pR. 166mAM anumAna (3) haviSka-hukkA karI jaNAvyuM che50 tene A lekhaka mahAzayanA kuzanavaMzI rAjAo vize bahu ja alpamAhitI kathanathI samarthana maLe che. ApaNane adyApi sudhI prApta thayelI hovAthI ghaNI (50) jIo upara TIkA naM. 47. (48) hiM. hi. pU. 656. (49) majakura pustaka pR. 658, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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168 be guMcavaNane [ navama khaMDa ghaNI bAbato aMdhakAramaya dIzAmAM ja paDI rahI che. bannemAM tene paNa mahArAjAdhirAjanuM pada apaNa temAMthI raphate raphate mArga nIkaLato jAya che. uparanA karAyeluM che. paricchede, temanI nAmAvaLI ane vaMzAvaLI goThavavAno matalaba ke haviSkane 51 thI 60 sudhI mahAprayatna karatAM, temAMthI eka be bAbatane nirNaya ApaNe rAjAdhirAja tarIke, ane 33 sudhI kAMIpaNa padavI kADhI zakyA chIe. te e ke, je kaniSka nAmanI eka vinAne oLakhAvyo che. jyAre kaniSkane te 41 ja vyakti hevAnuM atyAra sudhI dhArI levAyuM hatuM thI 60 sudhI mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke ja saMbo tene badale have be vyakita thayAnuM mAnavuM. tathA kaniSka che. eTale ke 1 thI 60 sudhI kema jANe be mahApahelAnI pachI tene putra varjhaSka thayo che ema mAnavuM. rAjAdhirAja hoya, ane te pahelAM, sAdA rAjA tarIke chatAM haju eka vizeSa guMcavaNabharI sthiti nikAla ekale haviSkaja hoya evI sthiti hovAnuM temAMthI karAvavA mATe rAha jotI ubhI che. tene ApaNe nIkaLe che. athavA bIjA zabdomAM tene goThavI vicAra karavAne che. jo ke thoDeka aMze tene ukela batAvAya te, viSkanA mRtyubAda turata haviSmaja gata paricchede samajAvI dIdhuM che paNa anya hakIkata gAdIpati thayo hoya ema zilAlekho kahe che ane puravAra karavAnuM bAkI rahetuM hovAthI te sthAna upara thoDA kALa pachI 33 thI 41 vaccenA kALamAM kyAre vizeSa laMbANa na karatAM AgaLa upara mulatavI rAkhavAnuM te zodhavuM joIe)11 te banne jaNa mahArAjA kahesUcana karyuM hatuM, te viSaya have hAtha dharIe chIe. vAyA che. vaLI tevI sthiti 60 sudhI cAlu rahI je guMcavaNa che te viSka ane kaniSkanA krama che. eTale ke 29 thI 41 sudhI huviSkanuM ekalAnuM ja saMbaMdhI che. temAM pahele haviSkane gaNa ke kaniSkane ? nAma che ane 40 thI 60 sudhI te bannenuM nAma che. eka bAju ApaNe kahI gayA Ama heya te haviSkanuM nAma paheluM mUkAvuM joIe. guMcavaNanI hakIkata; chIe ke rAjA vaSkanuM maraNa A pramANe eka bIjAthI virUddha jatI paristhiti tenA be prakAra thayuM tyAre tene eka nAno putra dekhAya che te temAMthI satya zuM che te tAravI kADhavA hato. bhale te nAno hoya chatAM puratI ApaNI muMjhavaNa che. putra te hato kharo ne! eTale gAdIne kharA hakadAra je kissAnA ukelamAM bannenAM nAmano vicAra te teja banI zake. ane tenuM nAma paheluMja lakhA- karavo hoya te kAMIka vadhAre muzkela gaNAya che paraMtu vavuM joIe. jyAre zilAlekha uparathI vaLI bIjA ekane ja vicAra karavAno hoya, te tethI kAMIka sUtara prakAranI sthiti dekhAya che. kahevAya. eTale je sUtara che tenI vicAraNA prathama temAM sthiti A pramANenI che. karI laIzuM. (a) suviSkanA nAme traNa zilAlekhe che -- rAjA vajhekkanuM maraNa nIpajyuM tyAre teNe nAne (33) AMkane mathurAne; temAM tene kAMIja putra mUkayo hato. vAstavamAM te teja gAdIpati thaI padavI apAI nathI. zake, chatAM zilAlekhamAM tenuM (51) AMkane vakane ane (60) mathurAna- pahelI muzkelIno nAma kayAMya nathI jaNAtuM paNa A baMnemAM tene mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIthI ukela haviSyanuM ja jaNAya che. tenuM kAraNa AbhUSita karela che. zuM? ATaleja prazna che. sAmAnya (A) kaniSkanA nAme be zilAlekha maLe che. rIte eka evo rivAja cAlyo Ave che, ke je (41) ArAne ane (60) mathurAne-A koI rAjA sagIra hoya te te pukhta umarane thAya (51) A muko A parideja AgaLanA pAne carcA che tyAMthI joI levuM.

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dvitIya pariSada ], karI Apela ukela ane tene rAjyAbhiSeka karavAmAM Ave tyAMsudhI ane temAM 41 ne saMvata mAMDela che. eTale kAIne rIjeTa tarIke-rAjAnA saMrakSaka tarIkenImavAmAM 40-41 te be sAlamAMja A banne rAjAo Ave che. mukhya aMze Avo rIjeTa, majakara bALa- potapotAne mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke oLakhAvavA rAjAnA aMgata sagAM ke snehImAMthIja zodhI kADhavAmAM maMDayA che ema siddha thayuM kahevAya. jo ke Ave che. te prathAne anusarIne ApaNe A bALa- 40 ne 41mAM bahu taphAvata nathI; kadAca 40nA rAjA je pAchaLathI kaniSka bIjA tarIke prasiddha thayo AMkane zilAlekha kaniSkanA nAmane AgaLa jatAM che tene saMrakSaka-sTI tarIke rAjA vasiSkane nAne maLI paNa Ave, paraMtu atyAre samAdhAna khAtara bhAI eTale kaniSka bIjAne kAko jenuM nAma haviSya mAnI lo ke, 40nI sAla maLI AvI che te hatuM ane jene rAjA kaniSka pahelAe potAnI tAtparya e thayo ke, 29thI mAMDIne 40 varSanA hayAtimAM kAzmIra Adi pradezane vahIvaTa karavA mATe gALAmAMja haviSe TrasTI-rIjaTa tarIke kAma karyuM nImyo hato, te haviSkane ja saghaLuM kAma karavA nIma- hatuM. paNa tethI ochA samaya mATe nahIMja-sivAya ke vAmAM Ave te banavA joga che. ane te pramANe 40SnA AMkathI nAnI saMkhyAvALo AMka te bemAMthI tenI nimaNuMka thaI paNa hatI. paraMtu keTalAM varSa sudhI te kAInA nAmavALo ane mahArAjAdhirAjanI padavIthI sthiti cAlu rahI hatI te ApaNe tapAsavuM rahe che. joDAyala maLI Ave to.53 eTale hAla turata mATe , haviSkanA nAme je keTalAka zilAlekhe maLI eTaluM puravAra thayuM kahevAya ke kaniSka bIje sagIra AvyA che te AdhAre uparamAM kahI gayA chIye ke tarIke mAtra agiyAra varasa sudhI ja rahyo hato. vaLI teNe 40 thI 60 sudhInAM varSomAM "mahArAjAdhirAja'nI atyArasudhInAM aneka aitihAsika daSTAMtathI jANI padavI dhAraNa karIne kAma lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre rAjA cUkayA chIe ke, te samaye rAjayAbhiSeka mATe lAyaka vaSkanuM maraNa 29mAM nIpajyuM hovAnuM sAbita thayuM thayAnI pukhta uMmara prApta thayAnI IcattA 14-15 che. eTale temAMthI sAra e nIkaLe che ke40 thI 29 varSanI karAvavAmAM AvI hatI. eTale rAjA kaniSkane sudhInA vaccenA 11 varasanA gALAmAM teNe te paNa te uMmare rAjalagAma suprata karavAmAM AvI bALarAjAnA rakSaka-rIjeTa tarIke kAma kareluM hovuM haze ema mAnavuM rahe che. vaLI teja hisAbe tenI joIe. A samaya 11 varSane haze ke tethI ochI uMmara pitAnA bApanA maraNa samaye 15-11-4 varSa haze te ApaNe zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. te mATe bIjI mAtranI ja hovAnuM kahI zakAze. AkhI carcAne sAra te mAhitI ApaNI pAse nathI ja. paraMtu zilA- e thayo ke, 2thI 40 sudhInA agiyAra varSanA samayamAM lekhamAMthI kAMI maLI AvatuM hoya te tapAsIe. rAjA haviSka, rAjA kaniSkanI sagIravayamAM rAjavahIvaTa, jema huviSe mahArAjAdhirAja padavI yukta pitAne calAvyo hato ane agAu jema samrATa priyadarzinanI saMbodhyAnI nAnAmAM nAnI sAla 40nI che tema rAjA bAbatamAM tenI sagIravaya daramyAna tenA dAdA samrATa kanike potAne mahArAjAdhirAja padathI yukta tarIke azake rAjyakArabhAra calAvyuM hatuM, chatAM te vahIvaTanA saMbo hevAnuM ArAnA zilAlekhathI jaNAya che. tera varSa azokanA phALe itihAsamAM caDAvAyA che, (52) 29 thI 40 sudhI eTale = 11 varSa sudhI (54) bIjo eka dAMta itihAsano TAMkI batAvAze. juo uparanI TIkA naM. 51. temAM je ke A pramANe sagIravaya daramyAna banyuM nathI ja, (53) A bAbatamAM khAsa bArIkAIthI tapAsa karavAnI paraMtu agnimitra zuMgavaMzInA samaye puSyamitra gAdIpati jarUra che. saMbhava che ke 30thI 40 sudhInA 7 varSanA naheAto, chatAM tenA nAme vartAva thayo hovAnuM purANAe gALAmAM koI zilAlekha madadarUpa thaI paDe te jaNAvyuM che. eTale uparanA banAvane maLatA tarIke tenI maLI paNuM Ave. noMdha levI rahe che. 22 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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170. be guMcavaNane [ navama khaMDa tema A 11 varSa paNa rAjA haviSkanA nAme gaNa- paristhiti kAMIka nirALI thaI paDI hatI. kemake rAjA vavAmAM Ave te cAlI AvatI prathAne ja anusarIne kaniSka pahelAe ja rAjakAjanA bhAga pADIne be kAma levAyuM che ema samajI laI kAMI vAMdha gaNAze putrone te upara vahIvaTa calAvavA nImyA hatA. eTale nahIM. A pramANe eka muzkelIne ukela AvI gayo jema pate koI vyaktine adhikArapada upara nImavAne samajavo. mukhatyAra hatuM tema tene khaseDavAne paNa teja mukhabIjI muzkelI A prakAranI che, ke 40 thI 60 bhAra hatA. jyAre ahiM te tevI vyavasthA pite kare sudhInA 20 varSa sudhI rAjA haviSya ane rAjA te pahelAM A phAnI duniyAno tyAga karI gayA hatA kaniSka bIjo-bane chetapitAne eTale teNe karelI vyavasthA pheravavAne kone haka gaNAya bIjI muzkelIno mahArAjAdhirAja kahevarAve che. te prazna upasthita thAya che ane tema banavA pAmyuM ukela te kevI rIte banI zake? tene hoya te vizeSamAM vizeSa je vyavasthA karyAnuM goThavI nicoDa kADho rahe che. zakAya tenA prakAra A pramANe hoI zake che :ApaNe prathama muzkelIne ukela karavAmAM to je (1) jema rAjA vaSka potAne suprata thayela prathA sAmAnyapaNe cAlatI AvI che tene Azraya lIdhe pradeza upara adhikAra bhogave tema rAjA haviSka paNa hatuM ane samrATa priyadarzina tathA azokano daSTAMta pitAne suprata thayela pradeza upara adhikAra bhogave; najara samIpa rAkhyo hate. paraMtu temAtA, je eTale ke eka vaMzanI be zAkhA thaI kahevAya. priyadarzinane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo teja samrATa (2) rAjA vageSTha yuvarAja hoI mukhya zAkhAne ja azoka rAjakAjamAMthI nivRtta thaI gayuM hatuM, ane gAdIpati bane ane rAjA haviSya mAtra eka bhAyAta priyadarzine pitAnA ekalAnA nAmeja kArabhAra hato tethI mukhya zAkhAnI AjJAmAM rahIne varate. calAvavA mAMDyA hatA. eTale temanI bAbatamAM to (3) kadAca mukhya gAdIpati rAjA vaSkanuM mArga taddana saraLa thaI gayA hatA. jyAre ahIM te garaNa thAya ane tene putra sagIra hoya te rAjA tema banyuM nathI, paNa banne jaNAeja rAjakArabhAra huvika rIjaTa tarIke kAma kare; paNuM putra mATe DALe che. tyAre tene khulAso kema kADhI zakAya? heya te te putra gAdIpati bane ane haviSka tathA . A mATe ApaNe kaniSka pahelAnA samaye zuM tenA putro mukhya gAdInA bhAyAta tarIke jIvana gALe. sthiti pravartI rahI hatI te tapAsavI paDaze ane (4) bemAMthI koI zAkhA nirveza thAya che, temAMthI te muzkelInI jo kAMi cAvI maLI Ave te haiyAta rahelI zAkhAvALo mukhya gAdIne mAlika bane. vicArI laIe. kaniSka pahelAnA vRttAne jaNAvyuMA cAra prakAranI sthitimAM naM. 2 ane 3 te che ke, pite jyAre eziyAmAM caDAI laI javAnA cAlu prathAne anusarIne eka zAkhA heya tene lagatI kAmamAM rokAyA hatA tyAre rAjavyavasthA saMbhALavAne, che ane naM. 1 tathA 4, je be zAkha paDI heya mathurAvALo bhAga yuvarAja viSkane soMpyo hato, te tenuM niyamana karavA mATe che. cAlu prathA pramANenI ane kAzmiravALe bhAga haviSyane sepyo hato ane sthiti te ApaNe uparamAM kayAranI vicArI tyAMthI pAchA AvIne pote kArabhAra saMbhALI le te joI che chatAM tenAthI purepuro ukela nathI AvyuM pahelAM te tenuM khUna thaI gayuM hatuM. dekhItI rIte te mATe ja AgaLa vicAraNA calAvavI paDI che. eTale emaja kahI zakAya ke, kaniSka bAda tene cha putra te pramANe vastusthiti banavA pAmI heya te, ubhI vakha, te bAda tene putra kaniSka bIjo, te bAda thayelI guMcavaNuM kema ukalI zake che tenI ja tapAsa tene putra I. I. thayAM che. tema sAmAnya kama e kahevAya ke levI rahI. te mATe naM. 1 tathA 4 nI bAbata ja atre je be putra hoya te ja gAdIe Ave. paNa atra te vicAravI UcIta lAge che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricheda ] karI Apela ukela jyAre 40 thI 60 varSa sudhInA 20 varSanA eTale eTaluM cokkasa thaI zake che ke A prathA gALAmAM be rAjAoe pitAne mahArAjAdhirAjanI 40 thI 60 sudhI ja astitvamAM rahevA pAmI che. padavIthI vibhUSita thayela mAnyA che tyAre svabhAvika ane te bAda adazya thaI che athavA te nAbuda samajI zakAya tema che ke te samaye te baMne jaNe karavAmAM AvI che. to vaLI e prazna vicAro rahe pitApitAne ekabIjAthI tadana svataMtra ja mAnatA che ke tema thavAnuM kAraNa zuM? te mATe mArA mata hovA joIe. ane tema mAnavAne kayAre bane che te pramANe vaLI pAchA pharIne ApaNe zilAlekha upara bane judI judI zAkhAnA temaja judA judA pradezanA ja AdhAra rAkhavo paDe tema che. A vakhate ApaNe adhikArapade hoya te ja. te pramANenI vastusthiti zilAlekhanA mAtra AMkaDAnI ja madada na letAM sAthe ApaNI vicAraNuM naM. 1 ane 3 mATe baMdhabesatI sAthe tenA sthaLa vizenI paNa tapAsa karavI ghaTe che. thatI dekhAya che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, temAM kaniSka bIjA vize prathama tapAsa karI laiesucavyA pramANe te banne jaNAe bhinna bhinna zAkhA tenA zilAlekhamAM 41 ane 60 nA AMka che temaja calAvI hatI.55 te prazna e vicAravo paDaze ke tenAM sthAna je ArA tathA mathurA che te bane (1) Ama thavAnuM kAraNa zuM che? ane (2) tevI sthaLonuM bhaugolika sthAna, kuzanavaMzI sajyanI be sthiti kayAM sudhI cAlu rahI hatI ? zAkhA pADavAmAM AvI che te paratve je vicArIe (1) te pramANe thavAnA kAraNa mATe te, uparamAM te sahaja dekhAI Ave che ke te ba, mathurAvALI ApaNe ghaNI vAra jaNAvI gayA chIe tema, rAjA zAkhAnA adhikAramAM ja AvI rahela che temaja te kaniSka pahelAe ja pitAnI hayAtimAM je goThavaNa bannemAM kaniSka pitAne mahArAjAdhirAjanA birUdathI rAjakArebAra calAvavAnI yojI hatI ane temAM pote saMbodhela che eTale bIjo lAMbo vicAra karavAnI pheraphAra kare te pahelAM maraNa pAmyA hatA, teja apekSA ja rahetI nathI, ane ekaja sAra kADhI paddhati pramANe rAjyanA bhAgalA pADavAmAM AvyA zakAya che ke, te pote 40 thI 60 sudhI vIsa hatA ane eka bhAga upara mere bhAI ane tenA varSanA gALAmAM pitAnI zAkhAnA agraNIpade ja vaMzajo rAja kare tathA bIjA upara nA bhAI56 birAjIta rahela haze. ane tenA vArasadAra rAjya calAve te nIti cAlu huvika saMbaMdhI vicAra karatAM, mathurAnA be zilA2khAI hatI. lekhamAMthI eka 3o sAda ane bIje 60 (2) bIje prakA e che ke; tevI sthiti kayAM mahArAjAdhirAjanA pada sAthe, jyAre trIje vajana sudhI cAlu rahI hatI ? A prazna eTalA mATe ubho che te 51ne che ane mahArAjAdhirAjInA padayukta che. karavo paDyo che ke 60 nI sAla pachIne keAI matalaba ke te be sthaLonuM sthAna tapAsIe chIe zilAlekha e nathI maLI AvyuM ke temAMthI, te, mathurAnuM sthAna mathurAvALI zAkhAnA aMthikAra AgaLanI mAphaka, be mahArAjAdhirAja hovAnuM laLe jAya che paraMtu vaIka ne kAbulathI trIsa mAIlama athavA te be svataMtra zAkhA cAlu rahI hovAnuM kAI che. hevAthI tenuM sthAna kAzmiravALI zAkhAne rIte anumAna doravAnuM temAMthI upajAvI zakAya. adhikAra taLe gaNavuM paDaze. A pramANe eka sthAna (55) nIcenI TIkA juo. karyo che eTale mAnavuM paDaze ke A be zAkhAmAMnI maLanuM (56) je A pramANe thayAnuM puravAra thayuM che to pahelI -mathurAvALAnuM-Adhipatya ardhA svataMtra tarIke svIkAravuM zAkhAne adhikAra-eTale rAjA vaka-sukhano adhikAra haze. (uparamAM pR. 162nuM lakhANa ane TIkAna, 42 ane harimara upara thaye na ja gaNAya. chatAM rAjataraMgiNakAre to 5. 166 mAM kareluM rAjA vankanuM varNana sarakhAvo).. rimapationI nAmAvalimAM paNa jIka rAkhIne upayoga

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- 172 te ukelamAMthI [navama khaMDa eka zAkhAnI hakumatamAM ane bIjuM sthAna bIjI traNe zilAlekha saMbaMdhI sarva ghaTanA, jo naM. 1 ane zAkhAnI hakumatamAM kema ? te koyaDo ukelavAnI paNa 4 vALI sthiti hovAnuM kapAya, teja barAbara maLatI jarUriyAta che. kadAca tenA ukelamAMthI kAMI raste AvI jAya che. chatAM haju 60nI sAlanA mathurAnA sUjhI Ave paNa kharo. prathama mathurAno vicAra karI lekhane joIto khulAso te meLavavo ja rahe che. te laIe; tenA be zilAlekhamAMthI eka sAde che, bIjo mATe eka ja kAraNa raju karI zakAya, ke te varSa tenuM mahArAjApada yukata che. ApaNe uparamAM puravAra karI aMtima hovAthI, te samaye te mAM paDI gayo che gayA chIe ke, kaniSka bIje sagIra hovAthI ra9 joIe. ane koI putra tene na hovAthI kAzimara thI 40 sudhInA 11 varSa daramyAna haviSe rAjyanA jeTale dUra dezamAM pitAnA AkharI maMdavADamAM kaI TrasTI tarIke kArabhAra calAvyo che ane te kArabhAra aMgata mANasa sAravAra karanAra pitAnI pAse na teNe mathurAmAMja rahIne calAvyo hoya te svAbhAvika gaNAya; jethI pitAno bhatrijo jene pitAnA vahAlache. temaja 33nI sAlamAM pote mathurAnI zAkhA paratve soyA putranI peThe teNe ucheryo hate evo-rAjA bhale sarva sattAdhIza hatA, chatAM koI padayukata te na kenika bIjo hatA. tenI pAse pote ja mathurA cAlI ja kahI zakAya; eTale kahI zakAya ke te zilAlekha gayo hoya, ke pachI rAjA kanike ja potAnA kAkA jyAre pote sagIra kumAranI vatI rAjya calAvato uparanA premane lIdhe ke, pitAne nAnapaNamAM teNe hatuM tyAre ja teNe mathurAmAM kotarAvyo haze ane te ucheryo hato te upakArano badalo vALavAnA miSathI, uparamAM varNavAyelI badhI vastusthitine barAbara rAjA haviSkane mathurAmAM teDAvI lIdho paNa heya. baMdha besatI ja che. paraMtu mathurAnA bIjA zilAlekhane game te kAraNu baLavattara banyuM hoya, paraMtu pariNAme vicAra vizeSa aTapaTa dekhAya che, kemake tenI sAlane rAjA haviSka mathurAmAM hAjara thayo hovo joIe. AMka 60 che ane vaLI mahArAjadhirAjanuM birUda che. ane maMdavADamAMthI pAcho uThavA pAmyo na hovAthI jyAre ApaNe te ema sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, tenI zAkha baMdha paDI gaI ane kaniSka bIje sarva rAjA haviSka 40 thI 60 sudhI kAzmiranI gAdIe sAmrAjyano svAmI banyo. eTale have bIjI muzkelIne rahela hatA. eTale tyAMne mahArAjAdhirAja jarUra paNa sarva vAte ghaTato ukela AvI gayo gaNAze. kahevAya ane te hisAbe vakane 51nI sAlane yAda rahI zake te mATe sarva carcAne sAra TUMkamAM zilAlekha vAstavika hovAnuM paNa kabula karI laIzuM.57 darzAvI daIe; kaniSka pahele jyAM sudhI rAjyanI bahAra paraMtu mathurAnA 60 vALA AMkanI dhaDa keme karyA na hatuM tyAMsudhI tene pharamAnusAra besArAtI nathI. atre eka vAtanI yAda ApavAnI sarvano sAra kumAra varSe mathurAmAM rahIne AvazyaktA che; ke 60nI sAla rAjA haviSyanuM mahA yuvarAja tarIke . adhikAra rAjAdhirAjanA padanA bhagavaTAnuM aMtima varSa manAyuM saMbhALI lIdho hato jyAre haviSe kAzimarane che kemake 40 thI 60 sudhI ja te pada teNe bhogavyuM adhikAra saMbhALI lIdhuM hatuM. rAjA kaniSTha che ane te bAda pR. 171mAM jaNAvyA pramANe tenuM ke pahelAnuM maraNa 23 mAM thatAM, bane bhAIo potatenA vaMzanuM nAmanizAna jaNAyuM nathI. eTale pR. pitAne suprata thayela bhUmi upara svataMtrapaNe rAjya 170mAM chevaTe jaNAvyA pramANe naM. 4 vALI ja sthiti calAvatA thayA hatA. tevAmAM cha varSe eTale 29nI banavA pAmI dekhAya che. A pramANe rAjAviSkanI sAlamAM 58 rAjA vajhenka-zuSkanuM maraNuM akasmAte (50) juo 'sudhA' mAsikana pU.101 TI.na. 49bhAne) hai hi, 51 vai' varSameM mahArAja rAdhirAja huvika, kAbula lekha 5. 6. temAM lakhyuM che ke:-"isI samaya havikabhI pradeza para bhI samrATa mAne nane lage the" sAmrAjya datara pradezo ke eka chatra samrATa the-saha nizcita (58) ema samajAya che ke(juo 5.173 bIjo kolama

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dvitIya parikeda ] nIkaLate sAra 173 thatAM, ane teno putra mAtra 3-4 varSanI umarane te aputra maraNa pAmyo hato. te sivAya anya hatuM tethI, te putra ummara lAyaka thAya ane tene kAMI vizeSa jANavA jevuM na hovAthI ApaNe AgaLa rAjyAbhiSeka thAya tyAM sudhI eTale ra9 thI 40 vadhIzuM. chatAM eTaluM kahI daIe ke, rAjA kaniSka sudhInA 11 varSa sudhI, rAjA haviSe te mathurAmAM pahelAe je bhUmi vistAra pote hiMdanI bahAra rahIne baMne dezano kArabhAra calAvye rAkhyo hate. vadhArI dIdhA hatA temAMthI kayo, keTale ane jyAre jyAre pachI 40nI sAlamAM rAjA kaniSka bIjAne rAjyo- khasI gayo hato te jaNAvavuM joIe paNa te hiMdanA bhiSeka karI, pite pAcho pitAnA mulaka kAzimaramAM ItihAsane viSaya na hovAthI ApaNe te bAbatamAM rAja calAvavA gayA hatA. eTale ke pUrvanI peThe-rAjA durlakSa sevIe chIe. vaSkanA samaye jema hatuM tema-pAchI kuzanavaMzI (4) kaniSka bIjo rAjAonI be zAkhA thaI gaI hatI. tevI sthiti upara sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, kaniSka bIjo 40thI 60 sudhI cAlu rahI. tevAmAM rAjA haviSka umara lAyaka thatAM teno rAjyAbhiSeka karI mathurAnI atyaMta bimAra paDI javAthI tene mathurAmAM AvavuM gAdI tene suprata karavAmAM AvI paDayuM ane tyAM tene dehotsarga thayo. uparAMta te aputra pAchuM temanA hatI. eTale mathurA paratve je hovAthI tene mulaka paNa mathurAmAM bheLavI devAyo, anukama vize kama goThavavAnuM nakkI karavuM hoya te eTale pAchI kuzanavaMzanI ekaja zAkhA pharIne rAjA haviSkanuM nAma prathama Ave avibhAjyapaNe pravartavA mAMDI. ane pachI ja kaniSka bIjAnuM nAma AvI zake. paraMtu vaMzAvaLI ane nAmAvali goThavatAM je keTalIka tyAM huviSya mAtra TrasTI tarIke ja nimAyela heIne muzkelIno ukela te samaye karI zakAya nahato paraMtu tene rAjapade Avela na gaNIe te mathurApationI AgaLa upara karI levAze e dilAse devAyo hate nAmAvalimAM haviSkanuM nAma bakAtaja rahI jatuM te upara pramANe thaI gayo che ema have samajI zakAze. lakhavuM rahe. ane je kAzmira dezanuM varNana karavAnuM kaniSkanA maraNa samaye eTale 20nI sAlamAM hoya te, kaniSka bIjAnI sattA te 60 mAM haviSkanuM jyAre vaSkane 40 varSane Tevyo hato tyAre kaniSkane maraNa nIpajyuM te bAdaja thavA pAmI hatI ema pAMceka varSa tenAthI nAne gaNIne gaNAya. eTale kAzmira dezanI vaMzAvaLImAM haviSkanuM haviSkanI umara 35 varSano TharAvyo hato. have nAma to avazyameva AvavuM ja rahe ane te paNa hamezAM tenuM maraNa 60 mAM nIpajayuM kaniSka bIjAnI pahelAM ja. sAbita thayuM che eTale tenuM rAjya 60-27=37 varSa jema mathurApationI gaNanAmAM rAjA haviSkanuM cAlyuM gaNAya ane te gaNatarIe tenI umara 35+39=72 nAma kAMIka Dhacupacu jevuM lakhI zakAya che, tema varSanI lagabhaga gaNAze. tenA 37 varSanA rAjakArabhAramAM, kAzmirapatinI nAmAvalimAM rAjA vaSka-juskanA vaccenA 11 varSa (29 thI 40 sudhInA) teNe nAma vize paNa tevI sthiti hovAnuM samajI zakAya che. pitAnI kAzimaranI gAdI saMbhALavA uparAMta, eTale sAra e thayo ke, mathurAne vahIvaTa paNa calAvyo hato. teNe eka putra (1) mathurApatinI nAmAvaline anukrama A pAchaLa gAdIe Ave tevo mUkyo nahato eTale ke pramANe jANu. paMkti 17mI) ke rAjA haviSakanA nAmano ane mahArAjAdhirAja pati tarIke svataMtra adhikArapade hatA te samayane samajavo, pA sAthe eka zilAlekha AMka 28nI sAla maLI Avyo haju te hakIkata siddha thayela na hovAthI tene ulekha che, te vAta satya kare che te 28nI sAla, pate jayAre kAzimara agatyanA banAva tarIke karavAnuM nathI, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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174 kaniSka pahelA, vase+--jIska, sphuviSNunuM aceAsa ane te bAda kaniSka bIjo. kaniSka khIjAnA " "" (2) kAzmirapatinI nAmAvilanA anukrama pa A pramANe jANavA. kaniSka pahele-vapreSka--jIkanuM aceAsa; pachI huviSTa ane te bAda kaniSka khIje. kaniSka bIjAnuM nAma "kaisara " hAya tema teNe peAte kAtarAvela lekha uparathI samajAya che. mi. sTena DhDhAnAu (Sten Konow) kRta tenAM nAma, umara " kharAdI zilAlekhA " nAmanA tathA rAjyaprema pustaka pR. 162 upara ArA nAme gAmanA zilAlekhAmAM A pramANe zabda cheH-10 9 mahArAjasya rAjAtirAjasya devaputrasya kaisarasya vaseka putrasya kaniSkasya eTale spaSTa thAya che ke, uparanA vAkayamAM TAMkelA sarva zabdo vacceSkanA putra kaniSka bIjAne lAgu paDatAM vizeSaNA che, te AdhAre kaniSka bIjAnuM nAma kaisara hAvAnuM ApaNe mAnavuM rahe che. uparanA saMbaMdhamAM jaNAvavAnuM eTaluMja ke tenA pitA vaseSkanA maraNu samaye zaka 29mAM bhale tenI uMmara 4 thI mAMDIne 10-11 varSanI hAya ane te muddo vivAdamAM rAkhIe chatAM te sagIra hatA eTaluM teA ceAsa cheja, eTale tene janma 25 thI 18 sudhInAM sAta varSamAM thayelA gaNave! paDaze ane tenuM maraNu te 93mAM nIpajyuM che. eTale te hisAbe tenuM AyuSya 68thI 75 sudhInuM gaNI zakAze. jyAre tenA samagra rAjyakALa, gAdIe beThA tyArathI ja gaNavAmAM Ave te 93-28=64nA ane 40 mAM ( ke tenI AsapAsa Thare te te hisAbe teTalA sudhArA karavA paDaro) (59) A anukrama ane temAM geAThavAyala trivizenI hakIkata vAMcatAM (jue pR. 162 thI AgaLa) ne kAMI asakhadhatA mAlUma paDe te tenuM kAraNu vAcakavargane have tarata ja Ape|Apa samajI javAmAM Ave tevuM che eTale viroSa khulAsAnI apekSA rahetI nathI. (10) juo 1990nA 'sudhA' mAsikanA mAzI`nA A pra. pamAM "mathurAkA yajJa staMbha" nAmanA lekha temAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ nathama khaMDa rAjyAbhiSeka thaye| tyArathI gaNIe te! 93-40=13 varSAtA kahI zakAze. kaniSka khIjAnuM jIvana kharekhara rIte te| . jyArathI tene rAjyAbhiSeka karAyA tyArathI ja Ara Mbhita thayuM gaNavuM ucita lekhAya. tenI sAkSa rAjyanA banAvo atyAra sudhI teA ApaNe 40nI gaNAvI che. paraMtu tenA kSetrapa caRNunuM vRttAMta vicAratAM ane te khanneneA sumeLa utAratAM, kadAca te sAlane be cAra varSa AgaLa paNa laI javAnI jarUra paDe. te sAla game te TharAvAya- hAla 40 kAyama rAkhIne ja lakhavAnuM che. te sAkSa aitihAsika dRSTie ati upayegI che. kemake, te sAlamAM jema kaniSkakhIjAnuM jIvana pharI jatuM dekhAya che ane peAtAne mahArAjAdhirAja tarIke saMkheAdhatA dekhAya che, tema kAzmirapati haviSNu paNa peAtAne teja pada joDIne eka svataMtra samrATa hovAnI ulleASaNA jagata sanmukha dharatA jaNAya che. vaLI khIjI bAju, caRNunA saMbaMdhamAM ane adhikAramAM paNa teja samaye pheraphAra karAyA haze ema kalpanA karAya che. atyAra sudhI te tenA pitA meAtikanI peThe kevaLa kSatrapaja lakhAtA hatA tenA badale atyArathI mahAkSatrapanI padavIe tene caDAvavAmAM AvyeA haze. ane jaranala eNk dho. AMdhra hisTArIkala rIsarca seAsAiTInA pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 62 mAM TAMkula zabdo pramANe The statues of Kanishka and Chashthana being found together =kaniSka ane caNanAM putaLAM sAthe maLI AvyAM che te| pratiti thAya che ke, khuda kaniSka ja potAnI pAse zrIyuta vAsudeva zaraNu agravAle vivecana karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke, " mATake lekhame jahAM kuSANaputra zabda hai, ThIka isau sthAna para Isame vagesya zabda hai| jIsase mAluma heAtA hai ki dAnehI jagahI pitAkA nAma abhiprita hai. Isa prakAra jema ke pitA ke nAma kuzANu nizcita hAtA hai". A hakIkatane gataparicchede TI, na', 40nI hakIkta sAthe sarakhAve. (kharuM zuM DhAI zake te vicAravA cAya che). www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariracheda ] rAjyanA banAve 175 tene besArIne te-putaLAM-ketarAvyAM haze; temaja kuMDalavanamAM cothI dharmasabhA bharavAmAM AvI hatI. te samaye ca9Na pitAnA zahenazAhanuM kRpApAtra hoja A sabhA bauddhadharmIonI gaNAya che. eTale teNe che. tyAre tene mahAkSatrapa pade niyukta karyo che boddhadharmane rAjyAzraya Apyo hato ema kahI zakAya. tyAre tene vizeSa pradeza upara adhikAra bhogavavAnI paNa tethI karIne keTalAkanuM je ema mAnavuM thAya che sattA kadAca apAI heya; athavA chevaTe kSatrapa ke, tenA vaMzanA rAjapurUSa boddha dharmAnuyAyio hatA, daSatika je bhUmi upara rAjaya calAvato hato teTalIja e kAMi puravAra thatuM nathI. ema te bauddha graMthomAM bhUmi upara, paNa tene svataMtra akhatyAra ApIne te rAjA ajAtazatrune paNa A dharmanA kArya mATe amuka pada samarpita thayuM hoya. paraMtu svataMtra akhatyAra dAna karate batAvAya che chatAM te anyadharmane ja bhakata apAyo hoya te sthiti, ca9Na mahAkSatrapanA vRttAMta puravAra thayo che. eTale mAnavuM rahe che ke, A kuzAnauparathI vadhAre baMdhabesatI Ave che. eTale sAra e vazIo pote bhale bauddhadhamAM nahIM hoya, paraMtu jema thaze ke, kaniSka bIjAe jema mathurA pradeza upara dareka rAjAnI pharaja che ke, teNe pitAnI prajAnA pitAnuM svAmitva svIkAryuM tema teNe rAjA haviSkanuM dareka dharma pratye samabhAve jotA rahevuM, tema temaNe paNa, kAmira upara ane rAjaputAnA tathA siMdha deza pitAnI baddha prajAe je adhivezana bharyuM hoya te upara mahAkSatrapa caSaNanuM svAmitva hevAnuM jagatane pratye pitAnI dIlasajI tathA hamadardI batAvI heya. manAvyuM che. A pramANe sthiti pate potAnI rAjI ApaNuM A prakAranA anumAnane, uparanA teja khuzIthI ubhI karI che ke potAne tema karavAnI pharaja graMthakAranA kathanathI, pAchuM samarthana paNa maLI Ave che. pADavAmAM AvI che te prazna alaga rAkhIe. (keTalIka kemake A rAjAoe kotarAvela devadevIonAM aneka paristhitinuM varNana A navamakheDe chUTuM chavAyuM varNana ApIne chevaTe temaNe lakhyuM che ke "But no ApyuM paNa che) paraMtu eTaluM nakkI thayuM kahevAya ke figure and name of Buddha= paraMtu kaniSka pahelAnA samaye je bhUmivistAra mathurApatinI buddhadevanI koI AkRti ke nAma suddhAM paNa te upara ANamAM hato temAMthI ghaNe aMze oche, A kaniSka nathI." A zabda ja sUcave che ke graMthakArane pitAne bIjAnI ANamAM hato; balake ema kahIe ke mathurAnI paNa teo ddhadharmI hovAnI zaMkA uddabhavI che. atre mULa gAdi te nAmazeSa jevI ja thaI gaI hatI te eka vAtanI yAda ApIe ke, vidvAne abhiprAya paNa khoTuM nathI. alabatta A sthitimAM, rAjA ema baMdhAto gayo che ke, jyAM bauddhadhamaone dhArmika haviSkanA maraNa bAda, pAcho paMjAba kAzmira Adi saMsmaraNa ubhAM karavAno prasaMga Avate tyAM hamezAM deze mathurAnI ANamAM umerAyelA hovAthI kAMIka athavA mukhya aMze, buddhadevanI mUrti ja padharAvatA hatA. sthiti vadhAre majabuta thavA pAmI hatI kharI. A ane A sthAne che te pramANe kaI mUrti paNa nathI maLI pramANe rAjakIya sthitine khyAla Apyo che. AvatI temaja buddhadevanuM nAmoccAraNa paNa thayuM nathI. sAmAjIka ane dhArmika sthiti vize paNa be eTaleja temane upara pramANe pitAno abhiprAya kadAca akSara kahI zakAya tema che. bauddha dharmagraMthane AdhAre saMbhALapUrvaka uccAra paDaye haze ema samajAya che. ema noMdha thayelI dekhAya che ke, Fourth paraMtu A sabhA viSe prakhyAta saMzodhaka mi. vinsenTa council at Kundalvana near Shri- smitha potAnA vicAra vyakta karatAM jaNAve che ke, nagar under presidentship of Parsva= (juo a. hiM. I. AvRtti 3. pR. 267) Buddhist pArtha nAmanA AcAryanA pramukhapade zrInagaranI pAsenA council..Kanishka's council which is (12) hiM, hi. pa. 5. (6) juo hi. hi. pU. 656.

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176 ignored by the Ceylonese chroniclers, who probably never heard of it, is known only from the traditions of Northern India as preserved by the Tibetan, Chinese and Mongolian writers. The accounts of this assembly like those of the earlier councils are dis* crepant and the details are obviously legendary=auddha dharmanI je sabhA-kaniSkanI sabhAvize siMhAlIjha itihAsakArA ajJAta che balke temaNe te vize kadApI sAMbhaLyuM lAgatuM paNa nathI. tenI mAhitI tikheTanA cInanA tathA mAMgeAlIyAnA lekhakAe jALavI rAkhyA pramANe, mAtra uttara hiMdamAM thIja maLe che. AgalI sabhAonI peThe A sabhAne hevAla paNa pheraphAravALA jaNAya che ane tenI vigate paNa dekhItI rIte daMtakathArUpaja che. temanI kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, sadhaLA khAddha sabhAe vizenI mAhitI game teTalI AkarSIka rIte jaLavAi rahelI hAya te! paNa te bahu vizvasaniya gaNavA jevI nathIja; chatAM zakayAzakayatAnA vicAra karavA rahe cheja. vAstavikapaNe kuzAnavaMzI rAjAenuM dhArmika maMtavya kevuM hatuM te te ApaNe AgaLa batAvI gayA chIe. A pramANe dhArmika paristhiti tenA rAjye hatI. kaniSka bIjAnA sAmAjIka bAbatane vicAra karatAM ema samajAya che ke, tenuM AkhuM ye jIvana bahuja zAMtimAM pasAra thayuM haze. kemake tene jo laDAio ja laDavI heta ane pradeza meLavavAnI ja tRSNA lAgI hAta teA, je pradezanI vaheMcaNI teNe gAdI upara AvatAM ja peAtAnA kAkA tuviSNu ane sUbA caNanI vacce karI ApI hatI--bhale sAMye ke tAMye-te karI ja naheAta. paraMtu mAtA ke nirUpAye teNe tema karyuM hatuM, chatAM ema te kharUM ja te ke, jo tenI dAnata heta te peAtAnA uttara jIvanamAM paNa teNe kAI prakAranA prayatna sevye| ha|ta ja. jyAre itihAsanAM pAne tevI kAI mAMdha jaLavAI rahelI nathI ja. ulaTuM evA prasaMga upasthita thayA dekhAya che ke, saMyAgA tenI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDa tarapheNamAM hatA ane avaMti jevA pradeza sahejamAM maLI jAya tema hatuM, chatAM jema inDa.pArthIana zahenazAha ajhIjha khIjAe (jIe pu. 3mAM tenuM vRttAMta) sAva khedarakArI-ke nabaLAI dAkhavI hatI ane gabhaulavaMzanI sattA tyAM jamavA dIdhI hatI, tema A kaniSka khIjAe paNa tenuM ja anukaraNa karyuM hatuM. pariNAme teneAja saradAra mahAkSatrapa caNu atipati banavA pAmyA hatA je hakIkata ApaNe AgaLanA paricchede AlekhavAnA chIe. matalaba ke teNe kAI jAtanI bhUmitRSNA sevI lAgatI nathI. vaLI teNe dhaNA lAMkheA kALa rAjya teA bhAgapuMja che eTale pAte kAMI nabaLA ke parAkramahIna rAjA hatA ema paNa puravAra thatuM nathI. A pramANe dareka risthiti vicAratAM samajAya che ke te bahuja zAMtiprIya jIvana gALanAra AdamI hovA joie. jyAre zAMtipUrvaka jIvana gALyuM che tyAre tene kaLA taraph samaya gALavAnA avakAza maLyeA hAya te svabhAvika che. A sthiti teNe peAtAnA dharma pratye batAvelI bhakti ane bhAva batAvatAM je aneka dRzyA, mUrti vi. tenA rAjapATa mathurA zahera ane tenI AsapAsanI kaMkAlI TilAmAMthI maLI AvyAM che te uparathI puravAra karI zakAya che. kadAca ema dalIla karAya ke uparanI vastuemAM kaniSkanuM nAma je kAtarAyaluM najare paDe che te te| kaniSka pahelAnuM paNa saMbhavI zake che. banavA joga che. paraMtu kaniSka pahelAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM joI gayA chIe ke teNe teA peAtAnA jIvananA sadhaLA uttara bhAga hiMdanI bahAra ja gALyA che; chatAM je gheADAMdhaNAM varSoM te hiMdamAM rahyo hatA temAMne meTA bhAga tA rajaputAnA ane siMdha jevA deze| taraka caDAI laI javAmAM ja gALye kruteA. eTale sAbita thAya che ke, kaniSkanI nAmavALI vastunA nirmAtA mukhya aMze kaniSka khIne ja hAI zake ane teja hatA. pR. 159 mAM darzAvela ATha muddAmAMthI tyAM AgaLa traNanuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. atre ceAthe| muddo je kaniSka pahelA ane bIjo-ema banne vaccenA svabhA vanuM varNana ane sarakhAmaNI karavAnA che, te vicArIzuM. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariccheda ] 177 sthAna teTaluM ja uccaEATinuM gaNAya tevuM che. tethI karIne pahelAe rAjakAraNamAM jema nAma kADhayuM kahevAya tema bIjAe sAmAjIka jIvanamAM nAma kADhayuM kahevAya. (5) vAsudeva pahelA na bannenAM nAma ane AyuSya lagabhaga sarakhAM DhAvA chatAM svabhAvamAM temaja anya hakIkate te ghaNAja bhinna paDI jatA dekhAya che. pahelAnA rAjyakALa TUMkA che. khIjAnA dIrghakAlina che, khalke sArAye vaMzamAM sarvethI lAMkhe che. pahele AdheDavaye rAjyAsane ArUDha thayA che, khIjo ugatI yuvAnImAMja rAjapadane pAmyA che. eTale pahelA svAnubhavane lIdhe sAhasika nIvaDayA che, jyAre khIjo tadna nirapekSA vRtti sevatA dekhAyA che. pahelAnuM, AkhuMye jIvana kahA ke laDAI laDavAmAMja pasAra thayuM che eTale tene leAka kalyANanA mArgo vicAravA, ke peAtAnuM temaja prajAnuM sAmAjIka athavA AvyA tmika jIvana gALavA mATe, paristhiti racavAnA kAI avakAzaja rahyo nahAtA. jyAre khIjAnuM jIvana zAMtapaNe vItela hAvAthI teNe A sarve khAkhatamAM ThIkaThIka kALavyatIta karyo lAge che. jethI khIjAe je kaLArasikatA batAvIne peAtAnuM nAma aneka saMsmaraNeAdvArA bhaviSyanI prajAmAM amara karI batAvyuM che temAMnuM alpAMze paNa pahelAe karI batAvyuM kahevAze nahIM. kaniSka khIjA pachI mathurAnI gAdI upara tene putra vAsudeva pahelA AvyA che. tenuM rAjya i. sa. 196 thI 234 = 38 varSa sudhI cAlyuM che. jo ke tenuM rAjya sAmAnya rItIe jotAM bahu lAMbu cAlyuM gaNAya, eTale ema kahI zakAya ke ekatA pAte nAnI uMmare athavA te| bharayuvAna vaye gAdIe beThA haze athavA te| kadAca te bahu parAkramI hoya ke jethI game tevA humalA bahArathI Avye rahyA hAya tApaNu te sarvene paheAMcI vaLavA jeTaluM pAte sAmarthya dharAvatA haiAya. A premAMthI khIjAM anumAna dAravAne ApaNe prathama lalacAIe chIe, paraMtu jyAre zilAlekha ApaNane ema jaNAve che ke13 Inscriptions of Vasudev I at Mathura certainly range in date from 78 to 94 = vAsudeva pahelAnA mathurAnA zilAlekhA kharekhara 78 thI 94 sudhInA mAlUma paDayA che. tyAre kabUla karavuM paDe che ke tenuM rAjya mathurAnI AsapAsa ane bahutA tenAthI thoDeka dUra AvIne aTakI rahyuM haze, ane A pramANeja khanavA pAmyuM heAya teA tene dhaNA nabaLA rAjA kahevA paDaze. paraMtu jyAre kAMIja te vize jANavAnuM sAdhana nathI tyAre ApaNe prathamanA anumAna upara javuMja paDe che eTale ke te nAnI umare ja gAdIe AvyA haveA joI e. tA tenA zilAlekhA mAtra mathurAmAMthI ja kAM sAMpaDayA kare che? te prazna ukela mAMge che. te samaye uttara hiMdamAM kAI khIjA evA rAjavIe nathI thayA ke jeee tenA upara caDI jaine mulaka jItI lIdhA heAya; temaja khIjI bAjue paMjAba ke kAzmiranI lagAlaganA kAI rAjakartAe tenI hadamAM AvI jate te prAMtA kheMcAvI lIdhA hAya. AvI paristhitimAM ekaja kalpanA karavI rahe banne kaniSkanI. sarakhAmaNI rAjakIya jIvanamAM pahelAnuM jeTaluM parAkramazIla gaNuAya te pramANamAM anekAMze khIjAnuM parAkramavihina kahevAya. pahelAnA rAjyakALe kuzAnavaMzane rAjyavistAra sauthI meATAmAM moTA hatA. eTale sudhI ke tenA kAMDAkhaLe evI sthiti ubhI karI hatI ke tenA nAmane zaka tenA rAjyanA AraMbhathI calAvavAmAM AvyeA che, jyAre khIjAnA rAjyakALe rAjyanA bhAgalA paDI gayelA dekhAya che ane temAM pAteja kema jANI joI ne hathiyAra rUpa banavA pAmyA hoya tevuM vartana teNe dAkhavyuM che. rAjyanA manAvA eTale AkhA vaMzanI apekSAe rAjakIya dRSTithI vicAratAM kaniSka pahelAne rAjyakALa jema unnata sthAne mUkAya tevA che, tema zAMta ane leAka kalyANakArI jIvana gALavAnI dRSTie kaniSka bIjAnuM (63) a. hiM. I. trIjI AvRtti pR. 272, 23

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178 kazAna vaMzIonA [ navama khaMDa. che ke te paNa tenA pitAnI peThe bahu zAMtithI rAja kSetramAM kAMIka krAMtikAraka sthiti ubhI thavA pAmI calAvanAra rAjavI te joIe. eTale ja tenuM rAjya hevI joIe. nahIMte teNe dharmapalaTa karyo na hota? dIrdhakAlIna hovA chatAM temAM koIpaNa jAtano noMdhavA A vize ApaNane te samayanA traNa dharmamAMnA keI je banAva nIkaLato nathI. banavA joga che ke, tevA graMthamAMthI mAhitI maLe che ke kema, te khAtrI pUrvaka banAva banyA paNa hoya. paraMtu itihAsane pAne kahI zakAtuM nathI. paraMtu jenadharmanA sAhitya graMthamAM cAvA rahI gayA hoya. game tema hoya tyAre te eka sthiti varNavavAmAM AvI che ke, Azare vi. saM. eTaluM ja kahI zakAze ke tenA rAje kaI mahattvanuM 200 thI AgaLa cAreka sadI sudhI, je mukhya AcAryo kArya thayuM najare caDatuM nathI. thayA che temaNe vasatImAM rahevAne badale vanamAM rahetenA sikkAo tenA pUrvajonA karatAM judI ja vAnuMpa pasaMda karyuM hovAthI temanA gacchanuM nAma tarahanA dekhAya che. te jotAM kahIM zakAze ke teNe potAno vanavAsI ga7 paDayuM hatuM. banavA joga che ke, A bApIkA dharmane palaTo karyo haze. tenuM nAma paNa dharmakrAMti himAlayanI taLeTImAM Avela nepALa-bhUtAna kadAca te kathananI sAkSIrUpa gaNAya. mi. vinseTa smitha taraphathI AvI caDI hoya; kemake te bAjunA leke lakhe che ke, "Vasudev I, whose thoro. prajApatine dharma pALatA jaNAya che. temaja A kuzAnaughly Indian name, a synonym of vaMzI rAjyanI samApti je guptavaMzI rAjAoe ANI Vishnu. Testimony to the same fact dIdhI che teo paNa te pradezamAMthI ja utarI Avela is borne by his coins, almost all of kahevAyA che. eTale pramANapUrvaka anya hakIkata jyAM sudhI which exhibit on the reverse, the tenI virUddha jANavAmAM na Ave tyAM sudhI eTale ja figure of the Indian God Siva, atten- anumAna kara rahe che ke, I. sa. nI bIjI sadInA ded by his bull Nandi and accom. pAchalA bhAgamAM, uttara hiMdamAM vaidika dharmanuM jora panied by the noose, trident and vizeSa baLavAna banyuM hatuM. jene pariNAme kuzanavaMzI other insignia of Hindu icono. bhUpatioe te dharma aMgikAra karyo hato ane jenagraphy=vAsudeva pahele, jenuM saMpUrNa hiMdI nAma, dharmane uttara hiMdanA mathurA Adi prAMtamAMthI rUkhasada viSNu zabdane paryAya thAya che. A bAbatanI sAkSI maLI hatI. tenA sikkA uparathI maLI Ave che. lagabhaga sarve upara pramANe ame nirNaya bAMdhyA pachI, paraMtu sikkAmAM avaLI bAju upara hiMdu-deva zivanI AkRti yaMtramAM gayA pahelAM temanA dharma vize prakAza pADatI hoya che tenI sAthe temano piThIo naMdI, tathA phAMsa, keTalIka vadhu vigata maLI AvI che trizuLa ane hiMdusUtionAM anya cihno paNa najare tenA dharma vize je kadAca upayogI thaI paDavA paDe che." A pramANe sikkA jevA akATaya purAvAthI vadhu purA saMbhava che. te mATe nIce raju mAluma paDe che ke te pote zivabhakta banI gayo hate. eTale, tenA rAjya rAjakIya dRSTie kaI asAdhAraNa kembrIja zarTa hisTarI opha inDiyAnA lekhaka banAva bhale banyAnuM kahI nathI zakAtuM, paraMtu dhArmika jaNAve che ke 61 "To the Buddhist (64) a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti 5. 272. paNa heya. je ke vanavAsI ga7 nAma paDayuM te pahelAnA (65) zA mATe temaNe A sthiti aMgikAra karI hatI AcAryo. madhyahiMda tathA aparAMtanA sopArA jevA zaheramAM tathA te pahelAM temane mukhya vihAra kayA pradezamAM hatuM te rahyAnuM dekhAya che. vAratavika rIte jaNAvuM nathI. banavA joga che ke uttara hiMdamAM na (66) e te pustaka 5, 6.

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dvitIya paricheda ] dharma vize Kanishka was as great a figure as che ke, bhale dharmasabhA maLI hatI ane jemAM je je Asoka, but unfortunately no early kAma thayuM che te paNa sarva sAcI vAta che, temAM zaMkA historian mentions him and his date nathI ja. paraMtu tethI ema siddha thatuM nathI ke te is very much disputed=bauddhadhamao ne (te) sabhAne belAvanAra ke te sAthe koI prakAre saMbaMdha kaniSka, azakanA jeTaluM ja prabhAvika purUSa hate. dharAvanAra A kuzanavaMzI kaniSka ja hatA. vaLI A paraMtu kamabhAge pUrvanA keI itihAsa lekhake tenuM pramANe pite je abhiprAya raju kare che tenuM kAraNa nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. vaLI tene samaya ghaNe zaMkA- jaNAvatAM kahe che ke, paramArtha je prAcInamAM spada gaNAya che" eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke, prAcIna ane pahelA naMbare vizvAsa mUkI zakAya te azokanA jeTalo ja prabhAva-phALo--bauddhadharmanI purUSa te rAjA kaniSkanA nAmane uccAra sarakhe paNa kIrti vadhAravAmAM bhale kaniSkano haze, paraMtu kAI karato nathI. eTale ke je kaniSkanuM nAma koI prakAre prAcIna lekhakee tenA nAma vize neMdha karI temanA uicita daraje paNa temAM joDAyuM hatuM te te vizenI jovAmAM AvI nathI. chatAM banavA joga che ke kaniSkane nedha te karyA vinA raheta kharo? matalaba e thaI ke, samaya je cokkasa rIte jaNAyo nathI te kadAca tenA bIjI badhI vAta kharI, paraMtu bauddha dharmasabhA sAthe kAraNa (kaniSkanuM nAma je mAluma paDatuM nathI te bAbatanuM) kaniSkanuM nAma kaI rIte joDAyuM nathI ja. eTale ke rAjA rUpa paNa hoya. matalaba ke pitAnI mAnyatA che kaniSka bauddhadhama nathI e nakArAtmaka purAvo raju amuka prakAre baMdhAI gaI che ja; paraMtu keI zaMkA thayo. tema bIjI bAju pezAvara jIllAmAM Avela uThAve tenA karatAM pote ja tenA mananuM samAdhAna zahIjI kI gherI gAmethI maLI Avela peTI uparanA karavA mATe pratyuttare khulAsArUpe pAchuM jaNAve che citra vize temaNe je lakhyuM che temAMthI hakArAtmaka ke9 " It must be remembered how- AdhAra maLatuM hoya ema jaNAya che. te vAkaya A ever that, while there is no doubt pramANe che. " Kanishka, standing between about the existence of the Buddhist the sun and the moon=sUrya ane caMdranI vacce Council and the work it did, Kanish kaniSka ubho che" eTale ke te peTI upara rAjA ka's connection with it is not absolu- kaniSkanuM citra che ane tenI eka paDakhe sUrya ane tely certain. Parmarth, for example, bIje paDakhe caMdranI nizAnIonI katarelI che. ApaNe who is the earliest and perhaps the sikkAcitranA abhyAsathI have jANItA thayA chIe most reliable authority does not ke, vidvAne te citane star and Crescent tarIke mention Kanishka etc. chatAM yAda rAkhavAnuM saMbodhe che ane tene caThaNuvaMzavALAo pitAnA che ke, bauddha dharmasabhAnA adhivezana vize tathA temAM sikkA upara hamezAM kAtarAvatA rahyA che. A nizAnI thayela kArya vize, jo ke keI jAtane saMzaya nathI ja jainadharmanuM ghAtaka gaNAya che je hakIkata pu. 2 sicitra paraMtu tethI te sAthe kaniSkane saMbaMdha kAMI cokkasa naM. 42 mAM tathA pu. 3 sikkAcitra naM. 102 mAM thatuM nathI ja. (kemake) dAkhalA tarIke, paramArtha, je vigatavAra samajAvavAmAM AvI che. temaja AgaLane ekadama prAcIna ane sAthe sAthe ati vizvasanIya tRtiya pariccheda je, ca9NavaMzanA varNana mATe ja khAsa AdhAra rUpa gaNAya che, te to kaniSkanuM nAma uccArate rokayo che temAM paNa tenI samajUti ApavAmAM AvI che. paNa nathI I. I." temanA kahevAnuM tAtparya ema A pramANe--nakAra tathA hakAramAM nedhAtA (67) jue majaphara pustaka 5, 7, (68) majAra pustaka pU. 7

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zeSa nAmadhArI [ navama khaMDa baMne jAtanA purAvAthI sAbita thaI zake che ke Roman and Parthian empires for : kazAnavaMzI rAjAo jaina matanA anuyAyIo ja several years = i. sa. 167 nI je bhayaMkara hatA. vAsudeva pahele ja temAMthI palaTa karIne prathama mahAmArIe, rema ane pArthiAnA sAmrAjyane keTavaidika matavALo banyo hato. lAMye varSo sudhI nirjana karI nAMkhyA hatA te, mahA(6 thI 13) bAkInA ATha rAjAe mArIne lIdhe kadAca, (temane aMta)-paDatI vegavaMtI vAsudeva 38 varSa sudhI rAjya karI I. sa. 234 banI rahI hoya. " eTale emanuM dhAravuM ema thAya mAM maraNa pAmyA bAda koNe koNe ane keTalA keTalA che ke, yuropamAM je mahAmArI-plega, roma rAjya i.sa. varSa sudhI rAjya bhagavyuM ? te kahevA jevI sthitimAM 167 mAM phATI nIkaLI hatI te plegavALA rogacALA ApaNe nathI ja. paraMtu saMyogAnusAra joI zakAya che pUrva tarapha vadhatA vadhatA prathama pArthiA-IrAnanA ke, te bAda 46 varSa eTale I. sa. 280 sudhI te rAjyane bhasI gayA hatA ane teTalAthI paNa tene vaMzanI sattA cAlu rahI che. kadAca vadhAre ke ochA khappara bharAyuM nahIM hoya, eTale te hiMdamAM AvI samaya paryata & paNa te cAlu rahyo hoya, kemake temano paheryo haze ane kuzanavaMzI rAjyanI samApti karI mulaka, je rAjAo hiMdI ItihAsamAM guptavaMzI tarIke dIdhI haze. A anumAna upara AvavAne temane zuM kAraNa eALakhAvAyA che, temaNe jItI lIdho gaNAyo che ane maLyuM haze te upara prakAza pADo nathI. eTale samajAya teone utAra kayAre thayo hato te nizcayapUrvaka zodhAyuM che ke, hiMdI itihAsanA paradezI AkramaNakAronA A nathI. A vaMzane trIjo rAjA, caMdragupta pahelA u aMdhakAramaya prakaraNamAM je pramANe InDasithIana, vikramAditya kahevAya che. teNe I. sa. 319 mAM avaMtinI InDopArthiana, zaka, kSaharATa ane palvAjha I.I.nI gAdI, caSThavaMzI kSatrape, jene ApaNe zAhavaMzI pUrepUrI oLakha thaIna zakAyAthI vidvAnee ekamekanI rAjAo tarIke saMbodhavAnuM jAhera karyuM che, temanI bheLabheLA karI dIdhI che ane pachI potAnI kalpanA pAsethI meLavI hatI; ane tenA smArakamAM pitAne pramANe varNana karavAmAM AgaLa vadhatAM, kyAMya muzkelI gupta saMvatsara pravartamAna karyo che. A trIjo rAjA ubhI thatI tyAre temaNe manamAnyA khulAsA joDI kADhavA che; eTale tenI pUrve be thaI gayA gaNAya. te bannene paDayA che, te pramANe A kissAmAM paNa banavA pAmyuM sarerAza rAjyakALa vIsa vIsa varSa ke te 40 varSane haze. nahIMte kayAM yuropa ne kayAM hiMda, te bene saMbaMdha thayo kahevAya ane te hisAbe 319-40=279 I. sa.nI ? vaLI kayAM 167nI sAla ane kayAM 280 nI AsapAsamAM guptavaMzI prathama nRpatie kuzanavaMzI samrATa sAla? vaLI hiMdamAMthI InDopAyIana zahenazAhatanuM upara jIta meLavI gaNu kahevAze. joke, mi. vinsenTa I. sa. 45 mAM khatama thavuM kyAM ? tevI ja rIte inDosmithanA abhiprAya pramANe A vaMzane aMta judIja sithianano aMta I. sa. pU. 50 mAM thayela che te rIte Avyo hovAnuM teMdhAyuM che. te vidvAna e kyAMAma eka bIjAne saMbaMdha na hoya tevI vAtanuM mata dharAve che ke "The decaymust joDANa karavAnuM hoya kharuM? have been hastened by the terrible A kuzanavaMzI rAjAonA sikkAmAM je pArthiplague of A. D. 167.which desolated ana aMza jevuM dekhAya che te kAMI pArthiane kuzAna (19) juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 70. thayo hovAnuM jaNAya che. matalaba ke te chatane samaya (%) A jIta meLavyAno samaya nakkI jaNA nathI 319 nI 5chI ja hate. paNa caMdragrasa pahelA rAjyAraMbha I. sa. 319mAM thayo (chA) juo temaNe lakhelI a. hi. I. trIjI AvRtti che eTale te samayathI A gupta saMvatsarane pracAra 5, 273, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricheda ] rAjAo viSe 181 vaMzanI hakumata upara caDI AvyA tenA pariNAmarUpa bahu agatyane savAla nathI eTale hAla te smitha nathI; paNa A kuzanavaMzIo teija ane pArthi- sAhebanuM maMtavya raju karIne A paricachedanI samApti ananI hakumatanI pAchaLa pAchaLa, hiMdanI bhUmi upara karIzuM. temaNe sApha zabdomAM noMdha karI che ke, so caDI AvyA hatA tenI asaranuM te ghAtaka che. mata- much, however is clear that Vasudev I laba ke temanA kathana pramANe, prathama kuzAna ane pachI was the last Kushan King, who conpArthiana ema nathI banyuM, paNa prathama pArthianatinued to hold extensive territories ane pachI kuzAna AvyA che. in India; after his death there is no upara jaNAvyA pramANe A sarva naM. 6 thI 13 indication of the existence of a parasudhInA sAtathI AThe vIryahIna ane nAmadhArI mount power in Northern India=chatAM rAjAone aMta Avyo kahI zakAze. temanAM nAmo eTaluM spaSTa che ke vAsudeva pahelAne chelle ja kevAM hatAM te jaNAyuM nathI ja. paNa A vaMzanA kuzanavaMzI rAjA kahevAya ke jeNe hiMdamAM bahoLA pAMcamA rAjAne jyAre vAsudeva pahelA tarIke saMboLo pradeza upara svAmitva TakAvI rAkhyuM hatuM. tenA maraNa che, tyAre kahI zakAze ke, A nAmadhArImAMthI bAda uttara hiMdamAM keIe eka chatrI rAja karyAnuM ekAda rAjAnuM nAma vAsudeva bIjo haze ja; ane kAMI cihna najare paDatuM nathI, kadAca vAsudeva trIjA, cotho ityAdi paNa hoya. te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- 15, tRtIya paricheda caSmaNarvazI (zAharvazI)-kSatrapa TUMkasAra-caSThaNa kSatrapanuM gAna kuzAna rAjAo sAthe joDavAnuM kAraNa batAvI temanA zakapravartaka vize karelI carcA-tathA sikkA ane zilAlekhanA AdhAre tenA prAraMbhane sAbita karI Apela samaya (1) daSametika kSatrapanuM Apela TUMka jIvanacaritra - (2) cakaNanAM vividha birUdanI prAptine Apela ItihAsa-te uparathI ghaDAyelA tenA jIvanane temaja rAjyavistArane taravarI Avate Apela khyAla-kaniSkanI sAthe maLI Avela cakaNanI mUrti kevA saMyogomAM bharAvAI haze tenI tathA tenA samaya vizenI Apela samajUtI-nahapANa ane cakaNanI vidha vidha daSTibiMduthI, sAmyatA ane viSamatAnA muddAo TAMkI TAMkIne, karelI tulanA-temanA jIvanamAMthI sUjhI AvatA kSatrapa mahAkSatrapanI sattA vizenA vicAronuM karela avalokana tathA temanA bhedanI samajUtI sahaja thaI paDe mATe tenuM batAvela keka-2SaNa ane kuzAna saMvatanA bhedabhedanuM Apela varNana-caSaNanAM AyuSya umara I- (3) jayadAmana rAjyapade A saMbhave che ke kema te vizene karI Apela nirNaya (4) rUdradAma-tenA rAjyavistAra saMbaMdhamAM thatI gerasamajUtIonuM ATha dalIlamAM karela varNana tathA tene sUcavele pratikAra-rAjyavistAra sivAya anya hakIkata paratve thayela gerasamajUtinuM tathA AkhA cakaNa vaMzIonA dharmavize karela nirUpaNa je zilAlekho, rAjakartAo ubhA karAvya gayA che temAM rAjakIya mahattva che ke kema tenI karelI carcA-zilAlekha uparathI sAbita karelI temanI dharmapratyenI dhagaza tathA temanAM tIrthadhAma upara pADela prakAza-cakaNuM zakanI Adine je samaya karAvyo che tenI, ATha dRSTAMta ApI pUravAra karelI satyatA tathA te AdhAre ItihAsanA aMdhakAramaya yuganA joDI ApelA traTita maNukAo-AkhA navamakhaMDanI saMkSiptamAM ApelI samayAvaLI

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tRtIya pariccheda ] atyAra sudhI varNavAyalA paricchedeAmAM jema saMkalitapaNe amuka amuka vaMza-rAjA ke paristhitinuM avalAkana karAyuM che, tema A hetu paricchedamAM krAMika sayeAjItapaNe kAma levAnuM haze ema dhAravAnuM nathI. mathALuM te rakhAyuM che ' caNavaMzI kSatrapa ' te lagatuM, ke jene itihAsamAM sAmAnyarIte Western Kshatraps=pAzcAtya pradezanA ( bhUpatie evA) kSatrape| tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Ave che ane jene pu. 3 pR. 342 mAM ApaNe 'zAhuvaMza'tarIke saMkhAye che tenuM; paraMtu te AkhA vaMzamAM jeTalA rAjA thaI gayA che, tenuM yathAsthita ane jeTaluM jANavAmAM AvyuM che teTaluM sadhaLuM ja varNana atra ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. kAraNa ke tema karavAmAM Ave te| ApaNe TharAvelI samaya maryAdAnuM ati ulaMdhana thaI jAya che, eTale temanuM saMpUrNa myAna na ApatAM temane lagatI je je vigata atyAra sudhI nahIM zodhAyalI dekhAI che athavA te mAlUma paDI che paNa jemAM have pheraphAra karavAnI AvazyakatA lAgI che, teTalInuM ja ahIM vivecana karavAnI dhAraNA rAkhI che ke jethI karIne temane saMpUrNa itihAsa lakhavAmAM Ave tyAre te bAbate upara pUratuM lakSa ApavAmAM Ave. caNavaMzI kSatrapA vaLI, A kSatrapone lagatI khInAonuM svataMtra varNana na ApatAM, A kuzAnavaMzI prajA sAthe ja temane eka pariccheda khanAvIne joDayA che tenuM kAraNa e che ke, A kSatrapA mArI samaja pramANe kuzAnavaMzI rAjAonA saradAra| ha|vAnuM nakkI thAya che. eTale kuzAna ane caRNu vaMzane lagatA keTalAka banAvA aMdara aMdara eka khIjAne sparzIne rahelA che, te mATe temanA ja tihAsanI sAthe je AmanuM (1) A nAma zA mATe pADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM te pu. 3 mAM teja ThekANe darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che. te nAma pAchaLathI khATuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM che eTale ApaNe paNa tene cheDI daIne caNvazI zabda ja vAparavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 183 varNana karI batAvavAmAM Ave te lekhakane temaja vAcakane baMnene anukULa thaI paDe ema dekhAyuM che. upara pR. 159 mAM je muddAonuM A paricche varNana karavA mATenI sUcanA karAi che temAMnA eka prazna temanA zaka-saMvatsarane lagatA che. prathama paricchede kuzAna vaMzanI nAmAvila gAThavatAM ema jaNAvAyuM che ke temanA zaka i. sa. 103 mAM jyArathI kaniSka pahelA mathurApati banyA hatA tyArathI AraMbhAyeA che, sAthe sAthe ema paNa jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke, caNvazI kSatrapAnA zaka-saMvatsaranI Adi paNa teja samayathI karavAmAM AvI che vidvAneAe A banne prasa Mgane-kuzAna ane caNa saMvatanA prArabhane, I. sa. 78 mAM thayAnuM gaNAvyuM che. jyAre meM aneka purAvAne aMge je nIce jaNAvavAmAM AvyA che, tene samaya isavI sana 102 nA TharAjyeA che. alabatta, eTale daro barAbara che ke, A banne prasaMgAnA samaya2 I. sa. 103 mAM nAMdhI zakAya tema che, paraMtu tema thavAnAM kAraNo judAM judAM samajAya che mATe te khanneneM, ekaja zaka na mAnI letAM bannene bhinna bhinna nAme oLakhAvavAnI jarUra lAge che, eTale kuzAna ane caNa saMvata ema niranirALAM nAme tene oLakhIzuM. jo ke nAma judAM daie chIe-paraMtu itihAsanA AlekhananI dRSTie AMkanI gaNatrImAM kaeN banAvAnI te karavAmAM, ekane badale khIjuM nAma vaparA javAthI kAMI jAtaneA virAdhAbhAsa thatA najare paDato nathI, emaja samajI levuM rahe che. have tenI utpattinA samaya vizenI vicAraNA prathama karI laie. temanA zakanA kartA vize samaya-kALa gaNanA mATenI paddhati vizenI mAhitI ApatAM A pustakanA AThamA khaMDe be (2) kadAca eka be varasanuM aMtara TharAvavuM hoya tA harAvI zakAya tema che. paraMtu tema karavA jatAM anya muzkelIe ubhI thavAnA sabhava che tethI hAla eka ja samaya hAvAnuM jaNAvavuM ThIka lAgyuM che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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184 caBNa zakane [ navama khaMDa pariccheda lakhavA paDayA che. temAMnA ditIya paricchedamAM temaja pu. 3mAM pR. 217thI 22 sudhI nuM 1nI ane aneka saMvata sAthe zaka-saMvatanuM paNa varNana karI pR. 321-22, cothAnI khAsa viSaya tarIkenI carcA batAvAyuM che. tyAM ema siddha karavAmAM AvyuM che ke upADIne ApaNe sAbita karI ApyuM che eTale hiMdanA uttara bhAgamAM je zaka-saMvata pravartate jaNA te bene varjIne bAkInI bene ja atre vicAra karavo che tenI sAthe dakSiNa hiMdamAM pravatI rahela zaka saMvata rahe che. bAkI rahetI be bInAo-kuzAna ane sAthe koI saMbaMdha ja nathI. eTale ke bane bhinna caThaNanI bAbata-ekaja samaye uddabhavI che. temanI bhinna che. tyAM dvitIya paricchedamAM dakSiNa hiMdanI utpattinAM kAraNa judAM judA che paraMtu temanA prAraMbha zaka vizenI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI hatI. eTale samaya eka ja che eTale ApaNuM kAma puratAM tene atre uttara hiMdanA zaka vize ja vicAra karavAnuM che. eka ja lekhIe te paNa harakata jevuM nathI. temAM uttara hiMdanA zakasaMvatanA prAraMbha sAthe, nIce kuzAna vaMzanA zakanI bAbata te agAu carcAI darzAvela cAra banAvamAMthI kaI ekanI sAthe paNa gaI che. eTale atra caThaNa vaMzanI ekalAnIja vidvAnonI mAnyatA pramANe saMbaMdha hevAnuM parAtuM bAbata vicAratI rahe che. AvyuM che. (1) nahapANathI, (jene zaka prajAne dhArI ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke cakkagzaka ane kuzAnalevAya che tethI) te zakano prAraMbha thayo hoya, zakano AraMbhakALa eka ja samayano gaNAya che. have (2) tevIja rIte cajhaNu kSatrapanA vaMzanI Adi ke (3) jyAre kuzAnazakane kALa I. sa. 103 gaNAya che tyAre kuzanavaMzI rAjA kaniSkano rAjyAraMbha athavA chevaTe cakkaNa saMvatano AraMbhakALa paNa i. sa. 103 ja (4) paradezI AkramaNakAromAMnA rAjA mejhIjha ke tene kahevuM paDe temAM te zaMkA jevuM che ja nahIM. paraMtu vaMzajomAMnA ajhIjha pahelAthI ke bIjAthI teno AraMbha, atra je ApaNe sAbita karavuM rahe che te eTaluM ja I. I. thayA paNa heya ema manAya che. A pramANe ke, te AMka zI rIte meLavI zakAya che? temaja te cAra mAnyatA atyAre dharAvAya che, kemake A cAre AMkavALo zaka pravartAvavAnuM kAraNa zuM che ane koNe vaMzanA bhUpationuM jora, uttara hiMdamAM-vadhAre prabaLa pravartAvyo hato? prathama pAye jaNAvavAnuM ke AMka te paNe jAmavA pAmyuM hatuM. temaja teo dareka kaI samayadaka nizAnI kahevAya che ane tenI gaNatrI jAtinA che ema pAke pAye eALakha thaI na hovAthI pAke pAye tathA vinA kasUre karavI hoya te, zilAlekha te sane zaka prajAnA aMza tarIke mAnI levAyA che. ane sikkAne lagatAM jeTalAM sAdhane meLavI zakAya vaLI zaka prajAthI te saMvatasara cAlu thaye che mATe teTalAM meLavIne te pramANe AgaLa vadhavAthI ja IcchIta tene zaka saMvata TharAvI, jyAM jyAM sayadarzaka AMkaDA pariNAme pahoMcI zakAya. temAM atre te ApaNe najare paDayA, tyAM tyAM te sarvene I. sa. 78 sAthe tenI Adino ja samaya meLave che eTale te vaMzanA hisAba meLavIne, samayadarzana karAvavAmAM AvyuM che. A pAchaLanA rAjAone badale pUrvane athavA ekadama pramANe vastusthiti ItihAsamAM pravartI rahelI dekhAI zarUAtanA rAjAonA ja zilAlekha ane sikkAne che. te sthiti vAstavika che ke tene lIdhe aneka guMcavaNe tapAsavA paDaze. te kAma mATe prathamanA be traNa ubhI thavA pAmI che? te samajI levAnI jarUra che. rAjAnI ja vicAraNuM puratI nivavA saMbhava che kemake uparanI cAra bInAmAMthI bena-naM. 1 ane ne. temane lagatI tathA prakAranI je sAmagrI prApta thai 4 vALI bInAne-I. sa. 78 vALA zaka saMvata che temAM AMkato nirdoSa thayela paNa mAluma paDe che sAthe bilakula lAgatuM vaLagatuM nathI ema prasaMge pAt ja. AvA prathamanA traNanAM nAma Satika, caThaNa (3) jue 5. 3 5 140; 1 (bhI naM. 47) pR. 350 tathA tenI TI. naM 78, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- 9tIya pariracheda ] kartA tathA samaya - 185. ane rUdradAmana che. temAMthI dhotikane kaI zilAlekha rUdradAmananI bAbatamAM te tenA pUrvaja-dAdA ane ke sikko hajI sudhI jaDI Avyo nathI eTale kevaLa pradAdA-karatAM paNa sthiti nirALI ja che. tenA te tenI vicAraNAthI ja ApaNuM badhuM kAma sarI jAya zilAlekha ane sikkA bane maLI AvyA che; tevI vakI nathI lAgatI. vaLI caSmaNane kaI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa zilAlekhamAM tenA vaMzanA zilAlekha jo ke adyApi paryata maLI Avyo nathI ja savatane AMka suddhAMta lakhela che. jyAre sikkAomAM chatAM tenA sikkAo ghaNA maLI Ave che. temAM tene sAlano AMka te jeke nathI ja paraMtu temAM kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanI upAdhivALe saMbodhAyo pitAne mahAkSatrapa ane rAjApadathI vibhUSita thayela jaNAya che. chatAM temAM paNa e kemAM tene AMka te jAhera karela che. vaLI khAsa viziSTatA e che ke najare paDatuM ja nathI. paraMtu eka bIjI vastu tenA pite kSatrapa banyo ja lAgatuM nathI. uparanI saMbaMdhamAM spaSTapaNe dekhAtI mAluma paDI che ke teNe hakIktane turata samajI zakAya mATe kAThAnA rUpamAM pitAne "rAjA" tarIke paNa oLakhAvyuM che. jyAre gaThavI daIe. nAma | sikkA | zilAlekha | birUda nathI jaNAyAma nathI jaNAyuM (1) dhametika (2) caNa nathI jaNAyA nathI jaNAyA | che, paNa keI upara sAlapa lakhI nathI (46 nI sAla vAMcyAnuM kAMIka yAda Ave che. uparanI TIkA naM. 3 juo) kSatrapa, mahAkSatra ra (3) rUdradAmana | che, paNa eke upara sAla] che, temAM sAlanA AMka| mahAkSatrapa ane rAjA lakhI nathI | para ane 7ra jaNAyA che ! che, paraMtu ropa nathI - A pramANe sUtra tarIke, uparanI hakIkta goThavIne purUSa gAdIpati banyo che. teNe kAtarAvezikAmAM have ApaNe AgaLa vadhIzuM. rUdradAmana pachI je cothe pitAno samaya 72 thI 100 sudhIno batAvyo che eTale (4) ekAda jagyAe 41 no AMka hovAnuM mAruM vAca. nahapANu ane caThaNuM bannene zaka prajAnA gaNIne tathA 5helAnI - vAmAM AvyuM che kharuM, paraMtu tene AdhAra TAMkavAne atyAre pAchaLa bIje gAdIe AvyAnuM kalpIne te zabda vAparyA che; mArI pAse sAdhana rahyuM nathI. jyAre vastusthiti te judI che. (juo 5. . pR. 217 thI jike ke, A. 2. prastAvanA pU. 112mAM lakhela che ke 222). AvAM kAraNane lIdhe A kathanano AdhAra 41 nA All that is known as to the duration of AMka mATe huM hAMkI rAkatA nathI.] Chasthan's reign in the period limited by (5) sikkA ane zilAlekha kANu ane kayAre paDAvI zake ? the years +6 and 12 caThaNanA rAjakALa vize che tathA tenA AMka kayAre lakhI zakAya? te saMbaMdhI je vastu sarva jaNAyuM che te 46 ane 72 nA samayanI vacagALe sthiti mArA nirIkSaNamAM AvI che, te AgaLa cAthA maryAdita thayuM che. vaLI teja pustakanA pU. 72 upara parike varNavI che. tyAMthI joI levuM. * * * Period between saka 46 and 12 zaka-saMvata (mAruM nirIkSaNa sarvathA satya ja che ema mArA dA 46 thI 72 vacceno samaya, evA zabdo maLyA che. paraMtu nathI. saMzodhakone je anubhava thAya che temaNe ja tene meM pramANika AdhArarUpe nathI karAvyA; kemake, temaNe karavA vinaMtI che.. 24. * Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caBNa zakanA [ navama khaMDa te uparathI sAbita thAya che ke, rUdradAmananI AkharanI mahAkSatrapa jaNAvyo nathI. eTale tAtparya e nIkaLe sAla tarIke ApaNe kara neja lekhavI paDaze. ane che ke, caThaNanA samaya daramyAna jayadAmana, kSatrapa padeja tenI vahelAmAM vahelI sAla para nI che jyAre cappaNa- rahyo jaNAya che paNa koikALe gAdIpati thavA pAmyo nI koI sAla maLI AvI hoya to te 46 nI che. nathI, matalaba ke gAdIe besatAM pahelAM maraNa pAmyA eTale sAra e thayo ke je caSThaNanI pachI rUdradAmana haze ane tethI karIne tene putra rUdradAmana ja potAnA turata gAdIe beThA hoya te para ane 46 vaccenA dAdA cappaNanI pAchaLa gAdIe beThe lAge che. eTale cha varSanA aMtaramAM ja tema banavA pAmyuM hoya. te uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe caThaNane aMta 49-5mAM samayane samabhAge vahecI nAMkhIe te cazmaNano aMta thatAM rUdradAmananA rAjyano AraMbha thayAnuM gaNavuM rahe ane rUdradAmanane prAraMbha 49-50 mAM ApaNe mAno tathA kSatrapa jayadamananuM mRtyu paNa cakkAnuM mRtyu raheze. paraMtu rUdradAmana gAdIe na Avyo hoya , je sAlamAM nIpajyu teja sAlamAM ke tenI pahelAM 46 thI 5 varSanA aMtaramAM bIjo koI purUSa rAja- nIpajayuM hatuM ema gaNavuM rahe; kemake je ekAda be varSanuM kartA tarIke Avyo hoya ema paNa saMbhavI zake. paNa paNa aMtara te be banAva vacce rahevA pAmyuM hatuM, ApaNe ItihAsanA abhyAsathI tathA sikkAmAM kAta- te jayadAmana pote mahAkSatrapa tarIke ane teTalA rAyela kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa jevA hevAnA adhikAra samaya mATe rUdradAmana pitAne kSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvizenI gauravatAnA bhedathI jANIe chIe ke (juo vata ja; paNa jyAre tema banyuM ja nathI, (athavA 5 3 5. 164-72) je vyakita prathama kSatrapa tema banyuM hoya to paNa tevuM sAbita karAvanAra koI heya che te jyAre mahAkSatrapanuM pada dhAraNa kare che sikko haju sudhI maLI Avyo nathI. eTalA mATe tyAre tene adhikAra vizeSa vistRta thAya che. AmAM te sikko na maLe tyAM sudhI je hakIkata siddha thaI kadAmanane kSatrapa pada lAgyuM ja nathI. tene te ekadama zake che te ja mAnI rahe che.) tyAre upara pramANene mahAkSatrapane ja adhikAra prApta thayo che, vaLI pu. 3mAM niyama baLavattara thato jAya che ema mAnavuM ja rahyuM. nahapAnuM jIvana lakhatAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke eTale eka hakIkata have nizcita thaI ke caThaNanuM jyAM sudhI amuka vyakti yuvarAja pade hoya che tyAM maraNa 49 mAM gaNavuM ane rUdradAmananuM rAjya 49 thI sudhI tene kSatrapa kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu svataMtra hara = 23 varSanuM gaNavuM. adhikAre AvatAM athavA gAdIpati tarIke birAjatAM ATaluM nakkI karyA pachI paNa vicAravAnuM rahe. tene mahAkSatrapa kahevAmAM Ave che, eTale A siddhAMta che ke, kSatraparvazane AdipurUSa cakkaNa gaNAya ke tene anusAra evA TharAva upara AvavuM rahe che ke, 2- pitA dhametika ke anya koI atyAra sudhI evI dAmane yuvarAja padavI dhAraNa karI lAgatI nathI paNa mAnyatA pravartI rahI che ke, nahapANathI ke kadAca tenI ekadama gAdIpati ja banI beThe lAge che. A anumAna agAuthI te zaka cAlato Avyo che, paNa tema banavA eTalA uparathI satya Thare che ke, caThaNune putra ane pAmyuM nathI te ApaNe siddha karI gayA chIe eTale rUdradAmanane pitA, jenuM nAma jayadAmAM jaNAvAyuM tene prazna te vicAro rahe ja nathI. have cazmaNache tenA koI kaI sikkA maLI Ave che te sarvemAM ne pitAne vicAra karI laIe. tene Adi purUSa tene kSatrapa tarIke ja oLakhAvAya che. emAM TharAvavAmAM paNa ghaNI muzkelIo Ave che kemake ne () ke. . 2, 5, 17 pAri. 23. Jayadarnan lakhe che ke, on his coins Jayadaman uses the bears the title of Kshatrap oply=461344417 title Swami, Lord, in addition to Raja dod kSatrapane ja ho dharAve che. [ne ke AgaLa jatAM pAchuM KshatrappatAnA sikkA upara rAja, sApa, uparAMta pitA

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= vatIya paricheda ]. kartA tathA samaya tema TharAvAya te tenA zakane AraMbha tenA rAjyathI hatI ane te uparAMta kSatrapa tarIke paNa amuka samaya gaNa rahe. ane tene rAjyane aMta 49 mAM gALyo che. A sthiti. te vaLI, uparamAM je 49 AvyAnuM ApaNe TharAvyuM che. te hisAbe tenuM rAjya varSanuM tenuM rAjya laMbAyAnuM paNa kaThina TharAvAya che 1 thI 49 sudhI cAlyuM hatuM ema mAnavuM paDe. te tenA karatAMye vizeSa kaThana banAve che. eTale ema ja sthiti mAnya thaI zake tema nathI; kemake tenAja mAnavuM paDaze ke, tenA rAjyAraMbhathI tenA zakanI Adi vaMzamAM koIpaNa rAjAe vadhAremAM vadhAre rAjya thaI nathI lAgatI. paraMtu tenI pUrve kaI bIjuM thayuM bhagavyuM hoya te aDhAramAM rAjA rUddhasena trIjAe heya tenA rAja amalathI thaI hoya. vaLI te mATe 30 varSa ane cothA rAjA dAnyadazrIe 28 varSa paryata sauthI vizeSa AdhArabhUta anumAna je bAMdhI zakAya rAjya karyuM che. eTale ke te samaye tenA rAjavaMzI- te tenA pitA SametikathI te Adi thaI hoya ema omAM rAjakartA tarIkenI jIMdagI evA prakAranI gaNI zakAya. ane A pramANe banyuM hoya te, be rAjA banI gaI hatI ke gAdIpati tarIke bahu bahu te 30- vacce 49 varSanuM rAjya laMbAyuM hatuM ema gaNavuM paDe. 35 varSa ja temanuM AyuSya TakI rahetuM hatuM. te pachI ane tema gaNavAmAM bilakula bAdhA jevuM lAgatuM nathI. eka ja purUSane phALe 49 varSanuM rAjya te kALe ahIM AgaLa have ApaNe pUrve thayela anubhavane liMbAya te hakIkata ekadama buddhimAM utare tevI nathI Azraya le paDaze. kSaharATa bhUmaka pite kSatrapa paNa lAgatI. uparAMta bIjo mudo e paNa vicAra rahe hatA tema paradezI paNa hato. (juo pu. 3 mAM tenuM che ke, teNe ja je Adi karI hoya te, te pote vRttAMta) tevI ja rIte A metika ane caThaNa paNa mahAkSatrapa ke rAjA pade AvyA pachI ja karI zakela0 kSatrapa tathA paradezI che. vaLI bhUmaka ane tenA putra kemake te heddAo svataMtratA sUcaka che. paraMtu ApaNane nahapANanAM daSTAMtathI ApaNe jJAta chIe ke teo eTaluM te vidita thayeluM ja che ke (juo pR. 185) bane kSatrapapade hatA ane pachIthI mahAkSatrapade caDayA teNe kSatrapa tarIke paNa keTalAka kALa pasAra karelo hatA. vaLI temAMthI ema paNa sUcana maLatuM hatuM ke che ja. eTale teno artha e thayo ke teNe ekalAe temanA mAthe koI anya saradAra hatA, ke jemanA prati mahAkSatrapa ane rAjA tarIke ja 49 varSa sattA bhogavI nidhi tarIke teo pitAne suprata karela prAMta mATe jayadAmane svAmi zabda vAparela che (vidvAne paNa teTalAM varSa gALyA hoya paNa te hisAbamAM levAtA nathI, chatAM kevA hiartha lakhANa kare che tenuM A daSTAMta che.) tenI kamara te te pramANamAM vadhatI ja jatI rahe che. kahevA miAruM TIppaNu-je sikAne repsana sAhebe jayadAmananA tAtparya e che ke jyAM, ekaluM ja rAjA pada dhAraNa karAtuM hoya tyAM kahyA che te jayadAmananA nathI lAgatA; kemake tenA akSareja 49 varSa te zuM, paNa tenAthI e vadhAre varSa sudhI amala bhegavI nathI uThayA. paNa temaNe anumAnathI mAtra besADI dIdhuM che. temAM zakAya che, paraMtu jyAM be traNa sthitimAMthI pasAra thayA bAda naMdInuM citra che. vaLI te sikkAo mAtra junAgaDha pradeza. svataMtra rAjA tarIkenI sattA grahaNa karavI paDe che tyAM 49 varSa mAMthI ja maLI Ave che, nahIM ke avaMti ke tenA adhikAra. jeTalo lAMbo kALa te pada bhogavI zakavAnuM mAnya rahetuM nathI. vALA anyapradezamAMthI; bIjuM temAM kAMI ja cinha nathI paNa (8) rAjakta eTale svataMtra gAdIpati banyA pachInI, sUrya caMdra katarela che ane tethI ja te cakaNavaMzanA TharAvI nahIM ke te pahelAM aneka heDDAo bhegavI lIdhA hoya te dIdhA che. A kAraNane lIdhe te sikkAo meM jayadAmananA sahitanI (sarakhA uparanI TI. naM. 7), lekhyA nathI vaLI "rA' rAkha jayadAmane vAparyo che ke kema (9) uparanI TIka naM. 7 ne khyAla lAvavAthI A te mATe AgaLa rUdradAmananuM vRttAMta jue.] vAyanI yathArthatA samajAze. (7) ahIM, rAja zabda khAsa muddAthI vAparyo che, te zabda (10) jue nIce TI, naM. 1 ne lagatuM mULasthiti svataMtratA sUcaka che. svataMtra banyA pahelAM anya pake game batAvatuM lakhANuM.

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188 caSaNa rAkanA [ navama khaMDa athavA pradeza upara hakumata calAvatA hatA. ane A daSamatika ane ca9NanI bAbatamAM paNa banyuM jyAMsudhI AvI parAdhIna sthitimAM teo dekhAya che. eTale ke, A cachaNa kSatrapanA vaMzanI hoya tyAMsudhI teo kSatrapa tarIke potAno svataMtra Adi gaNAI che te tenA pitA dakSatike jyArathI zaka calAvI paNa na zake. temaja jo tevuM banavA sUbA tarIke kSatrapapada dhAraNa karyuM tyArathI, paraMtu pAme te temano saradAra, sAMkhI zake paNa nahIM. tene pragaTapaNe ketarAvIne jAherAta ApavAnI zarUbahumAM bahu te kSatrapa tarIke je karI zake te eTaluMja Ata te tenA putra caThaNeja karI hovAnuM samajAya ke, kAM pitAnA saradArane je zaka cAlatuM hoya te che. ane te paNa jyAre pote mahAkSatrapa banavA calAvye rAkhe, athavA te pite kSatrapa-sUbA tarIke pAmyo hato tyArabAdaja, nahIM ke te pahelAM. jyArathI lagAma hAthamAM lIdhI hoya tyArathI rAja- AkhIe carcAne sAra e thayo ke, cazmaNa vahIvaTamAM tenuM varSa dhavAnuM karI zake. eTale te kSatrapanA vaMzanI zarUAta tenA pitA bramotikathI pramANe lakhAtA AMkane artha, jema pUrve aneka rAjA thaI gaNAya. paraMtu tenA saMvata-zakanI jAherAta karapara thatuM AvyuM che tema A kSetranI bAbatamAM nAra te teno putra cahnaNa mahAkSatrapaja gaNAya. paNa In so many regnal years=mArA rAjya eTale kenAthI A vaMzanI Adi thaI tathA tenAthI ATalAmAM varSe, evA bhAvArthamAM te zabda vaparAyo temanA zakanI Adi thaI te bane prajAne phaDace gaNavo paDe. (alabatta regnal zabda barAbara te jo ke AvI gayo kahevAya, chatAM kaI sAlamAM te Adi nathI ja kAraNa ke te kSatrapa tarIke temano rAjyAbhiSeka thaI gaNAya te haju sAbita karavuM bAkI rahyuM che. karavAmAM AvatuM nathI. paraMtu rAjavahIvaTa grahaNa A cakkaNunA ane kuzAnanA zakane samaya ekaja karyAne ATalAM varSa thayAM tenI gaNatrI karavA pUratuM ja gaNAya che te ApaNe eka karatAM vadhAre vakhata te zabda lekhAya.) tAtparya e thayo ke, kSatrapa tarIke jaNAvI gayA chIe. vaLI A koI pitAnA saMvatanI Adi karI zakatA nathI ja. temanA zakanI zakane vidvAnoe uttara hiMdanA paraMtu mahAkSatrapa tarIke karI zake kharA. ane te paNa Adine samaya zaka tarIke oLakhAvyo che tathA pitAne svataMtra vaMza sthApe tyAreja, te pahelAM te je zakane zAlivAhana zaka tarIke nahIM ja. eTale mAnavuM paDe che ke, jema bhUmakakSatrapanA sAmAnya rIte oLakhAvAya che tene dakSiNa hiMdano sabaMdhamAM banyuM che ke, teNe sUbA-kSatrapa tarIke potAnI zaka kahevarAve che. bannene A pramANe judA pADe rAjakIya kArakIrdI zarU karI hatI, tyArathI bhale tenA che. chatAMye te banneno prAraMbha I. sa. 78 mAMthI kSaharATa saMvatanI Adi gaNAI che kharI, chatAM teNe thayAnuM gaNAve che. ahIM te ApaNe uttara hiMdanA pragaTa rIte zilAlekhamAM sikkA Adi keI sthAne zaka sAtheja nisabata che eTale tene jayAM sudhI lAge pitAno svataMtra zaka ketarAvyAnuM pagaluM bharyuM nahotuM, vaLage che tyAMsudhInI ja carcA karIzuM. bIjI rIte temaja tenA putra nahapANe paNa, kSatrapapade hatuM tyAMsudhI AgaLa vadhIe te pahelAM, tenuM sthApana je I. sa. tevuM kArya karyuM nahotuM, paNa mahAkSatrapapade AvyA 8mAM thayAnuM manAyuM che te bInA satya che ke kema pachIja zAka cAlu karyo hato, tema ane tevI ja rIte te tapAsI laIe. (11) pitAne vaMza cA Avato hoya daramyAna, deI vyakti ne mahAkSatrapa 5dane prApta kare to te na zaka * pravartAvI na zake te hakIkata darzAvavA A sthiti jaNAvI che, (12) sarakhA uparanI TI, naM. 8 (13) jue pU. 102 u5ra De. kalhananA nAma vALuM avataraNa tathA pU. 97 upara DhAMkelami. remsananA matanuM maMcaNuM. (14) jIo pU. 96 tathA zaka saMvatane lagatI AkhIe yarcA,

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tRtIya pariccheda ] upara sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, A zakanI Adi kSatrapa kSamAtikanA sattAkALathI thaI che eTale .jo te zakanA prAraMbha i. sa. 78 mAM thayAnuM svIkArAya tA tenA artha ema thayA gaNAya ke kSatrapa RRmeAtikanA vahIvaTanI zarUAta i. sa. 78 mAMthI thaI hatI ane caSaNanA rAjyakALanA AMka 49 sudhI laMbAyeA che; eTale 784=127 i. sa. mAM te paNa sattAzALI purUSa hatA. A banne vyaktine sattA pradeza jo vicArIzuM te siMdha, rAjaputAnA, saurASTra ane avaMtinA mulakAja dekhAya che. alabatta kSamAtikanI sattA mukhya aMze kayAM jAmavA pAmI hatI te viSaya ApaNe bahu carcyA nathI, chatAM jeTale sudhI jaNAyuM che teTale darajje kahI zakAze ke tenI sattA rAjaputAnA ane siMdha upara teA hatIja;15 ane caRRNanI gAdI te| avaMti khudamAMja hatI te nivirvAda che. matalaba ke i. sa. 78 thI 127 sudhInA pacAsa varSa sudhI A banne bApa ane dikarAnuM rAjya, uparanA pradeza upara hatuM ema rI zake che. jyAre ApaNe gardabhIla vaMzanA itihAsa AlekhatAM te ema sAbita karI gayA chIe ke A sarve kALa te sarve * pradeza upara temanI ja sattA hatI. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te sarva rAjA mahA parAkramI ane kAithI paNa gAMjyA jAya tevA naheAtA. ane vizeSamAM te temAMnA eka siMdha ane rAjaputAnA te zuM paNa tethI ye AgaLa vadhIne TheTha kAzmira sudhI peAtAnI * rAjasattA laMbAvI hatI ke jenI noMdha rAjataraMgiNi kAra jevAne paNa levI paDI che. tA zuM ema dhAravuM. 3 avaMti upara * gardabhIla vaMzanI tathA caNu vaMzanI ema enI sattA eka samaye cAlatI hatI? tema tA eka kALe eka pradeza upara e rAjavaMzanI hakumata hAvAnuM kadApI khanI zakayuM nathI ane banavAnuM paNa . nathI. sivAya ke te emAMthI eka sattA, khIjI sattA nI tAkhedAra-AjJAdhAraka hAya. paraMtu prastuta va'zamAMthI kAine eka bIjAne khaMDiye ke kiMcihna me kartA tathA samaya (15) jue kaniSTha pahelAnuM vRttAMta tathA pU. 55 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 189 aMze zaraNAMgata lekhavA te tenuM apamAna karyA jevuM gaNI zakAze, te pachI prazna thAya che ke, zuM garda bhIlanI sattA sAcI ke caRNanI sAcI ? uttara eTa leAja ke, banne sattA ati upara teA hatIja ane te satya paNa che ja, paraMtu caNutA samaya je i. sa. 78 mAM tenA zakatA prAraMbhakALa lekhIne gADayeA che teja khATA che. A muddo jema caRNanA samayanI gaNatrIthI asatya TharAvI zakAya che tema te vaMzanA aMtima rAjAonA samaya sAthe anya aitihAsika satyanI tulanAnI dRSTie paNa asatya TharAvI zakAya tema che. A kSatrapa vazane aMta tenA khAvIsamA rAjA, svAmi rUdrasiMha mahAkSatrapanA rAjya amale AvyA che. A rAjAne samaya tenA sikkA upara kAtarAyala AMka uparathI nakkI karIe teA temanAzaka saMvata 310 thI 31x sudhInA varSane kahI zakAze. A saMkhyAmAM jyAM x nIzAnI che tyAM kayA AMka hAI zake te ghasAI gayela heAvAthI, bhale nakkI paNe kahI zakAya tema nathI chatAM eTaluM te spaSTaja che ke te AMka 1 thI mAMDIne 9 sudhIneAja hAI zake eTale tene 311 thI 319 sudhInA TharAvI zakAze. ApaNI gaNatrImAM jarA aMze paNa anizcitapaNAnuM tattva na rahI jAya, te mATe vadhatAmAM vadhatA teneA samaya gADhavA teye 319 thI tA vadhAre kahI zakAze nahIMja ane te siAme 31+78= i. sa. 397 Avaze. eTale tenA artha ema thayuM ke, A cabjha'zI rAjAone amala ati upara i. sa. 397 sudhI cAlyo AvatA hatA. jyAre itihAsa tA ApaNane sA sAk zabdomAM ane bherI nAde jAhera karI rahyo che ke, cusava'thI samrATa caMdragupta pahelAe avatinA pradeza i. sa. 319 mAM jItI laI tyAM pAtAnI gAdI karI hatI. vaLI tenI khuzAlImAM peAtAnA vaMzanA gupta nAme saMvatsara pracalita karyA hatA ane tenI pAchaLa tenA va'zoe De i. sa. 400 vaTAvI gayA khAda paNa tyAM hakumata bhAgagye rAkhI che. te nI hakIkata, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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10 [ navama khaMDa zuM, gupta vazanI sattA ati upara hovAnuM mAnavuM ke caNuvaMzanI sattA heAvAnuM? ahIM paNa uparamAM jevI gabhIlavaMzanI sattA saMbaMdhI praznottarI ubhI thavA pAmI hatI tevI ja pAchI AvIne khaDI thai jAya che. aMte TharAvavuM paDe che ke 78 nI gaNatrIja A sa` muzkelInAM kAraNarUpa che. A pramANe 78 nI gaNatrI anyathA TharAvavAthIja kAMi ApaNuM kArya patI jatuM nathI. paraMtu tene kharA ukela zodhI kADhavA hajI bAkI rahyoja gaNAya. A mATe anya aitihAsika dhaTanAonA ApaNe Azraya levA jarUrI che. mi. vinsenTa smitha petAne mata .jAhera karatAM lakhe che ke,16 The substan* tial controversy is between the sch* olars, who place the accession of Kanishka in A. D. 78 and those who date it later in about A. D. 120=saMgIna rakajhaka teA be pakSI vidvAne vacceja che, ke jemAMnA eka pakSa kaniSkanA rAjyAbhiSeka i. sa. 78mAM Cent. A. D. So Kanishka could never have founded the Saka Era=zAne e I. sa. 60mAM takSikA jItyuM hatuM ( temane tAtparya kaDasIjha pahelAe jItI lIdhuM hatuM ema kahevAnA thAya che) ane kaniSkanuM rAjya, i. sa. nI khIjI sadInA pUrvAddhamAM thayuM hAvuM joie. tethI karIne kaniSka zaka saMvata sthApyAnuM kadI baneja nahIM. eTale ke temanA matathI i. sa. 60nA arasAmAM kaDasIjha pahelAe takSilA jItyuM hatuM, te bAda thADAka varSe kaDasIjha khInne gAdIe AvyA che. teNe 32 varSa rAjya karyuM che te bAda I. sa. 150nA arasAmAM kaniSkanuM gAdIe AvavuM thayuM che, ane tenAthI zakasaMvata cAlatA thayA che. eTale te gaNatrIe temanA mata i. sa. 100 thI 150 sudhImAM zakanA prAraMbha thaye| hAvAne paDe che. A pramANe aMdAjI sAlanI kAMIka hada bAMdhI lIdhA pachI te AMkane jo ceAsapaNe geAThavI zakAtA hoya te te aMge prayatna karI joie. te mATe caNuvaMzI rAjAeAnI vaMzAvaLI (pAna 191)nI madada levI gaNAve che ane bIjo pakSa tene jarA AgaLa laMbA-joize. te upara najara pheravatAM jaNAya che ke 14mA vIne i. sa. 120nI AsapAsamAM gaNAve che. eTale ke temanA mata pramANe i. sa. 78 thI 120 sudhImAM kaniSkanA rAjyAbhiSeka thayeA hAvA joIe. ane jyAre kaniSkanA rAjyAbhiSekathI tenA saMvatanA prAraMbha gaNAvAyA haiAvAnuM tathA caSNu saMvata paNa kaniSkanA saMvata samayathIja zarU thaye! hAvAnuM ApaNe kabUlyuM che tyAre tenA artha paNa emaja thayeA ke, caoSNunA zakanI Adi paNa i. sa. 78 thI 120 sudhImAMja thai hAvI joie. sara jona mArazala sAhebane mata paNa teja kathanane puSTikAraka hAya ema jaNAya che. temanuM kahevuM ema che ke,17 Kushanas obtained Taxilla in 60 A.D. and Kanisaka must have ruled in Ist half of 2nd caNa zakanA (16) nue a. hi. IM. 4 thI AvRtti pR. 272 nuM TIppaNa: tathA ja. A. hi. rI. seA. pu. 2 bhAga pahelA pR.12. (17) jIe ja. ma. hi. rI. seA. pu. 2 bhAga Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat che, paNa rAjA bhadAmana thayA che. tenuM rAjya 201-21= 16 varSa cAlyuM che. pachI moTA gALA pAyA dekhAya bAda vaLI svAmibirUda 8 dharAvatA rAjAe AvyA dekhAya che. A svAmi birUddhAraka khAladaSTie caSNunA vaMzanAja hAya evuM teA jaNAya che banne vacce zuM sagapaNu asti dharAvatu haze te hajI sudhI pAke pAye jaNAyuM nathI ja (De, bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIno mata ema che ke te tenI eka zAkhAja che.) paNa eTaluM teA spaSTa cheja ke, te caudamA bha dAmana ane paMdaramA svAmI drasiMha trIjAnA AraMbha sudhInA (217 thI 270 sudhInA ) 53 varSamAM badhu aMdhakAraja dekhAya che. bhale te arasAmAM traNa cAra nAma apAyAM che. paraMtu te kAinA sAme pahele pR. 62. (18) svAmi rAkhyuM kayAre vaparAya che te mATe nIcenI TIkA na. 19 jue. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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11 vatIya paricheda ] kartA tathA samaya AMka bharavAmAM AvyA nathI, temaja temanA sikkAmAM zakAya che ke A 53 varSanA gALAmAM caThaNuvaMzIonI "kSatrapa" zabdaja batAvAya che eTale anumAna karI svataMtratA mahAkSatrapa tarIke harAI gaI hovI joIe. * ko. o. re. prastAvane pR. 153 uparathI udhRta karela che. (AMka temanA zAkanuM varSa batAve che). dabamatika (1) ca9NuM jayadAmana (2) rUdradAmana pahelA (3) dAmajadazrI (5) rUdrasiha pahelo 103-10 || 113-19 satyadAmana (4) jIvadAmana (6) rUdrasena pahele (7) saMdhadAmana 100 122-4 144-45 11-20 . | (8) dAmasena 145-58 pRthvIsana dAmajI bIjo Izvaradatta | | pR. 3. pR. 387 1 thI AgaLa dAmana (10) vijayasena (11) dAmajadako trIjo 162-72 172-6 161 vIradAmana (9) (12) rUdrasena bIje 1786 (13) vizvasiha 199-201 (14) bhadAmajI 21-17 vizvasana (216-26) vAmi chavAmana svAmi rUdradAmana bIje udvAha bIjo (227234) yAdAmana bIje (15) svAmI rUdrasena trIne (23-54) 270-700 putrI svAmi satyasiMha svAmi siMhasena | 304-310 svAmi phikasena che svAmi rUdrasiMha trIne 310-31 { A be jaNanA sikakA maLatA nathI. 0 mahAkSatrapa padadhArI nathI, jeo mahAkSatra5 pada svAmIpada pAra che temanA A ko'sa vinAnA rAkhyAM che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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192 A hakIkata sAthe cusava'zI samrATAnA itihAsa tapAsIzuM te turata sarakhAmaNI thaI jaze, ke temaNe i. sa. 319 mAM avata upara Adhipatya meLavyuM che ane peAtAnI sattA tyAM jamAvI che tathA samrATa pada jAhera karyuM che. jyAre upara teA ema jaNAvAyuM che ke, cakkaNuM zaka 217mAM bhadAmananA rAjya amalanA aMtathI mAMDIne svAmI drasiMha trIjAnA rAjyAraMbha sudhInA 53 varSa sudhI, A caNuva'zI rAjAeAnA jIvana ane sattA bAbatamAM taddana aMdhakAramayaja che. teo kSatrapa tarIke ja potAnuM jIvana gujArI rahyA hatA; vaLI kSatrapa padane artha ApaNe have samajatA thaI gayA chIe ke temanA mAthe kAMi vizeSa sattAzALI vyakti hoya cheja. temaja ApaNI jANamAM che ke, bha`dAmana sudhInA rAjavIe potAne mahAkSatrapa tarIke oLakhAvatA hatA; jyAre A pa3 varSanA gALAmAM je traNa cAra thavA pAmyA che temaNe te ucca Asana dharAvatA mahAkSatrapa padane tyAga karIne laghupadavALA kSatrapanA hai|ddAne svIkArI lIdhe dekhAya che. vaLI te bAda pAchA rUdrasiMhe peAtAne svAmi tarIke jAhera karyo che. A temanI uccapadamAMthI laghupadamAM mUkAyAnI sthiti, zuM ApaNane vicAra karavAne preratI nathI ? ke evA kayA banAyA upasthita thayA haiAvA joie ? ke jene lIdhe temane te sthitimAM haDaselI dIdhA hAvA joIe ? ane eTaluM te ApaNe jANIe ja chIe ke caSNuvaMzI rAjAe paNa avaMtipatija hatA ane guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupte paNa avaMtipati tarIke ja nAmanA meLavIne potAnA guptasaMvatsara pracalita karyo hatA. eTale ke jyAM sudhI avaMti temanA hastamAM AvyuM nahetuM tyAM sudhI tenA pUrvAMjo bhale anya pradeza upara rAjya calAvye jatA hatA, paraMtu temAMnA keAie peAtAnA caNa zakanA (19) A svAmipadanA adhikAra lagabhaga kSatrapa jevA ja thAya che; alakhata ceADA phera che te eTaleAja ke, kSatrapane mAthe khIjo saradAra hAya che jyAre svAmine mAthe saradAra nathI hAtA. jo ke peAte nAnA sattAdhArI rAjA che, paNa mahA kSatrapanA padathI te te nAneA ja adhikArI che. caNuva'zI rAja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDa saMvatsara, calAvyA nahateAja; ane e paNa siddha thayelI ja bInA che ke, eka pradeza upara eka samaye eka ja sattAnA adhikAra hAi zake. eTale A be vaMzane sparzatA, banAvA ne ekatrita karIe tA ema phalitArtha nIpaje che ke, i. sa. 319mAM jyAre caMdragupta pahelAe gupta saMvatanI sthApanA atimAM karI, tyAre caDhaNuvaMzI rAkhta bhadAmana avaMtipati tarIke hatA ane temanA zakanuM varSa 217 nuM cAlatuM hatuM tathA tenA upara jIta meLavIne ja caMdragupte avaMtine kabajo meLavyeA hateA. eTale A banne banAvAnI sAlane sarakhAvI jovAthI ema siddha thayuM kahI zakAro ke, pR. 3. 319 nI sAla te ja carSANu zaka 217 hatA; te hiMsAme 319 mAMthI 217 bAda jatAM i. sa. 12=zaka saM. . Avaze; athavA tene uthalAvAMte jo lakhavAnuM Aya te| zaka saMvata 1 = I. sa. 103 Avaze. have ApaNI pAse traNa prakAranI sthiti AvI paDI che; eka pR. 188 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe RNu zakanA AraMbha i. sa. 78 mAM zarU thayAnuM je manAyuM che te vAstavika nathI, khIjuM caNu zakanA AraMbhanI aMdAja sAla rR. 189 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe i. sa. 100 thI 150 sudhImAM hAvI joie ane trIjI sthiti ema jAhera kare che ke, zaka saMvata 1 = i. sa. 103 che. A traNe vastusthitinA samanvaya karIzuM tA ema nirNaya upara AvavuM raheze ke caRNu zakanA AraMbha I. sa. 102 bAda thayA che te satya ja che. eTale zaka saMvata 1 nA samayane I. sa. 103 nI ja sAla gaNavI tayA tene vAstavika rIte pratipAdana karelI ane siddha thayelo hAMkata tarIke svIkAravI. have A carcAnA cheDA AvI gayA gaNAze. sAra e emAM te rAkhyuM tyArathI vaparAtA thayA che ke, jyArathI temanI sattAmAM avaMtinI gAdI naheAtI, chatAM anya pradeza upara temanuM svAmitva cAlu te| hatuM ja; eTale ke peAte kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa nathI te batAvavA A trIjI padavI gADhavI dIdhI DhAya ema samAya che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] nIkaLyA ke, cavaMzanI Adi dhvameAtika kSetrapathI thaI che, para Mtu tenA zakanA prAr'bha tA mahAkSatrapa Neja20 karyA che ane tenA samaya jyArathI meAtika sattA upara AvyA te i. sa. 103 nI sAlathI ja gaNAyA che. kartA tathA samaya ApaNI TharAvelI maryAdA teA i. sa. 100 sudhInI che, paraMtu A bamAtikanA sattAkALanI Adija I. sa. 103 mAMthI zarU thAya che. eTale ApaNe tenuM jarA paNu varNana karavAne avakAza meLavavA joitA naheAtA, chatAM je kaTalIka gerasamajuti pravartItI mArI najare paDI che, te upara jo meM mArA vicArI jaNAvI rAkhyA hAya to te saMbaMdhamAM sa'zodhA vizeSa tapAsa calAve ane hiMdI ItihAsane DhAkaThIka banAve tevI dhAraNAthI, jema kuzAna vazanA rAjA kaniSka pahelAthI mAMDIne te vaMzanA aMta sudhI gheADuM ghaNuM TUMkamAM byAna ApI dIdhuM che teja pramANe A caNu vaMzamAM paNa rUdradAmana nAme avatipati thayA tyAMsudhInuM tenA darekanuM varNana ApavAnuM yeAgya lAgyuM che. vaLI A rUdradAmananA rAjyakALanA aMtane, aMtima hada tarIke pasaMda karavAnAM eka e kAraNeA maLyAM che. paheluM e ke saurASTra dezanI aMdara junAgaDha zaheranI pAse Avela giranAranI taLeTImAM je zilAlekha samrATa priyadarzine kAtarAvI rAkhela che ane jenI sAthe bIjo eka zilAlekha che jene vidvAne sudarzana taLAvanA rUdradAmananA zilAlekha tarIke ALakhAvI rahela che te saMbaMdhamAM keTalIka navIna hakIkata rajI karavA jevI mArA mata pramANe dekhAI che. tathA khIjAM kAraNa e che ke, teja zilAlekhane AdhAre AMdhrapati rAjAonI bAbatamAM paNa kAMIka jUdI ja mAhitI umerAtI dekhAya che. ATaluM jaNAvI caNuvaMzanA Adha rAjakartA meAtikanuM varNana lakhIza. (1) kSamAtika tenI jAti vize, tenA vatana vize vi. aneka chUTIchavAi vigatA prasaMge|pAta lakhavAmAM AvI gaI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 193 che eTale tene karIne ullekha karavA jarUra nathI. atra teA tenA rAjadvArI jIvanane aMge je hakIkata jaNAvAI na hoya tene ja AlekhavI rahe che. tenA rAjadvArI jIvananuM maMDANa jyArathI te kaniSka pahelAneA saradAra-kSatrapa nImAyA tyArathI zarU thAya che. tenA samaya jo kaniSka gAdIe beThA tyArathI ja gaNavA hoya te I. sa. 103nA gaNAze. paraMtu eka rAjA jevA gAdIe Ave teneAja tenA rAjyanA vibhAgA pADI, vaheMcaNI karIne, tevA pratyeka vibhAga upara hAkema nImI dIdhAnI khInAne svIkArI na levAtI haiAya te, teNe eka be varSamAM te pramANe sthiti nIpajAvI hatI ema paNa kabUlI zakAze. eTale te hiMsAme eka be varSanA umerA karIne ApaNe I. sa. 105-6mAM tene samaya kahIe tAye khATuM nathIja; chatAM sikkA vigere je sAdhanA ApaNane maLI Ave che ane je uparathI A samayanI tArIkhA gAThavI zakavAnI sthitimAM ApaNe chIe, te hakIkatanI rajuAta te ApaNe AgaLanAM pRSThomAM karI cUkayAja chIe ane te pramANe tenA samaya i. sa. 103neja nirmANu karI vALyeA che; eTale tene ja kharA tarIke hAla lekhIzuM. te rAnta kaniSkanA vRttAMta jaNAvAyuM che ke, teNe siMdha taraphanA bhAga upara, peAtAnA rAjyanuM agIAramuM varSa cAlatuM hatuM tyAre spu nAmanA gAme dhArmika sthAna baMdhAvyuM hatuM. matalaba ke te taraphanA bhAga tenI ANumAM hatA. vaLI ema paNa kahI gayA chIe ke hiMdanI bahAra jaIne laDavAnA jyAre samaya najIka AvyeA hateA tyAre teNe peAtAnA rAjyanA eka bhAga upara peAtAnA yuvarAja vajheSkane tathA khIjA eka bhAga upara khIjA putra haviSkane nImyA hatA. jyAre rAjaputAnA ane siMdha vALA je pradeza peAtAnI kumatamAM hatA te A dhameAtikane suprata karavAmAM AvyA hatA. eTale je rItie yAna saradAra mitenDare potAnA kSatrapa bhUmakane vahIvaTa karavAne (20) AvAM dRSTAMtA AgaLa paNa banyA che. te mATe jIe pu. 3 pR. 378 TI. na. 24, 25 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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194 teja pramANe A paradezI rAjA niae paNa peAtAnI taraphathI saradAra bametikane mUkayA hatA. ane peAtAne tAme paNa teTalAja mulaka atyAre hevAthI te sarve bhAganI seAMpI tene karavAmAM AvI hatI; jethI kSamAtikane paNa bhramakanI peThe madhya dezanA adhipati ane madhyamikA nagarIne! gAdIpati kahevAmAM vAMdhA jevuM nathI lAgatuM. tene te| mAtra rAjavahIvaTa calAvavAnA hatA eTale, kAI pradeza upara svataMtra rIte caDAi karavAnuM ke mulakamAM vadhArA karavAnuM hatuMja nahIM; jethI maraNuparyaMta tene te sthitimAM ja teNe sarvakALa nirgamana karyAM hatA. tema vaLI je saMyeAgamAM tenuM maraNu rAjA kaniSkanA samaya daramyAna thavA pAmyuM hatuM. tathA jenA aMdAjI samaya i. sa. 115-17 ApaNe TharAvIe tema che; vaLI jenuM vRttAMta AgaLa jAvavAnuM che te AdhAre kahI zakAze ke tenA maraNa bAda tenI gAdI tenA putra caNune sAMpavAmAM AvI che. eTale tyArathI ja caSaNane kSatrapa kahevAvA mAMDayA che. [ navama khaMDa caNanAM bhiA amalamAM kema ubhA thavA pAmyA hatA te have ApaNe jaNAvIzuM. te nekarImAM joDAye| tyAre bharayuvAnImAM eTale kadAca trIseka varSanI uMmaranA ke pAMceka varSa mATA paNa haro. paNu aNudhaDa jevI sthitimAM hatA eTale, anubhava ane nipuNatA meLavI na le tyAM sudhI AgaLa vadhavAne ane dIpI nIkaLavAne avasara tene maLe tema naheAtuM. jethI i. sa. 126mAM kaniSkanuM maraNa nIpajyuM tyAMsudhI khalke, rAjA vakeSkanuM maraNa i. sa. 132mAM thayuM tyAM sudhI tene kSatrapa pade rahIne ja badhA divaseA vitADavA paDayA hovAnuM dekhAya che. A samaye tenuM rAjakIya jIvana lagabhaga paMdara varSa uparanuM thaI gayuM hatuM. eTale anubhavI paNa thaI gayA hatA tema uMmarane lIdhe Tharela svabhAvane khanI makkama pagaluM bharavA jevI AvaData paNa keLavI lIdhI hatI. jethI i. sa. 132mAM vAseSkanA maraNa samaye kaniSka khIjAnI sagIra avasthAne lIdhe jyAre haviSTha pAte eka rIjaMTa tarIke kArya karavAnuM khIDuM jhaDapyuM tyAre tenI peAtAnI umara AdheDanI hada kudAvIne vRddhapaNAmAM praveza thaI cUkI hatI. tene lIdhe tathA AkhAye sAmrAjya upara pote ekalA saMpUrNa najara rAkhI nahIM zake tevuM lAgyuM tyAre sAmrAjyanA eka khUNAe paDela pazu ati mahatva gaNAya tevA A madhyadezanA prAMta upara hakumata bhagavI rahela kSatrapa caRNune kAMIka vizeSa sattA ApI khaLavAna banAvavAnuM teNe vicAryuM. pariNAme kSatrapa caRNune mahAkSatrapa banavavAmAM AvyeA hateA. A pada teNe kaniSka khIjAnA sagIrapaNAnA agiyAra varSoMnA AkhA kALa daramyAna bhegayuM hatuM. te avasare teNe evuM saMtASakAraka kAma karyuM hAvuM joIe ke jethI te rAjyane kRpApAtra banyA heAya tathA rAjA kaniSka khuza thane kAI divasa peAtAnA tAkhedArane na apAya tevuM ghdhametikanI rAjakIya jIMdagI kSatrapa tarIke ja AraMbhAI che, ane kSatrapa tarIke ja samApta thaI che. vaLI kSatrapa tarIkenA adhikAramAM21 svataMtra rIte sikkA paDAvI zakatA nathI eTale tenA nAmanA sikkA tA kayAMthI ja mAlama paDe? paraMtu krAi prakAre dAna Adi karavAnA paNa tene prasaMga lAdhyA nahi haiAya. eTale tenA haste krAI zilAlekha kAtarAvAyAnuM paNa hajI sudhI jaNAyuM nathI. A pramANe tenuM nAma te pratihAsamAM mAtra teAMdha levA pUratuMja jaLavAi raheluM gaNavAnuM rahe che. (2) caNa tenA pitAnI peThe, rAjasattA hAthamAM lIdhI te vakhate te te mAtra kSatrapa ja hatA, paNa pAchaLathI tene mahAkSatrapa pade caDAvavAmAM AvyA hateA ane svabaLe te rAnta banI beThA hatA. A banne prasaMge tenA (21) kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa I. nA zuM zuM adhikAra hAI rAke tene kAMika khyAla pu. 3 mAM pR. 164 thI 72 mAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat birUdAnI prApti vize ApI gayA chIe. uparAMta vizeSa je kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM che te AgaLa upara A khaMDamAMja vavavAmAM Avaze, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paricheda ] nI prApti vize pitAnI pAse besArIne mUrti ketarAvAnuM mAna mahA- sikkA paDAvyA che? te A caThaNa paNa mahAkSatrapa kSatrapa cakaNane ApyuM hoya. mATa mUkAmethI je mUrti heane zA mATe te pramANe na karI zake ? uttara eTale ja rAjA kaniSkanI sAthe cakkaNanI maLI AvI che, te che ke, nahapAnuM mahAkSatrapa pada, ApoApa maLela upara pramANenI kRpAdRSTinuM ja pariNAma samajavuM. A hatuM eTale ke pite bhUmakane yuvarAja hatA tyAre banAvano samaya rAjA kaniSkanI sagIra avasthA pUrI kSatrapa hatuM, ane tenA maraNa bAda svaye pitAnA thavA AvI hatI tenI lagabhagane paNa kahI zakAya adhikAranI rUie mahAkSatrapa banavA pAmyA hatA; athavA pite I. sa. 143mAM rAjyArUDha banI ravataMtra jyAre caSThaNa kaI rAjAne yuvarAje nahati tema svaya kArabhAra karavA mAMDo tenI zarUAtane paNa gaNAya. mahAkSatranA adhikArapade paNa pahoMcyA nahatA. teTalA paraMtu rAja taraphathI pitAnA kaI lAyaka rAjanekaranI mATe caThaNanA sikkA mahAkSatrapa pada24 yukta dekhAtA kadara karavAnI prathAne vicAra karIe chIe tyAre nathI. chatAM jyAre teNe "rAjA" pada grahaNa karyuM che ema kahevuM paDaze ke, rAjAe potAnA rAjyAbhiSekanI ane tyAra pachI je sikkA paDAvyA che temAM teNe "rAjA khuzAlImAM ja ane potAnA vAvRddha kAkAnI khAsa mahAkSatrapa caThaNaevA zabdo lakhAvyA che, nahIM ke bhalAmaNathI ja te pagaluM bharyuM hovuM joIe. matalaba ke ekalA "mahAkSatrapa caNDaNa". matalaba ke mahAkSatrapa i. sa. 143mAM mahAkSatrapa cakaNane vizeSa adhikAre zabada teNe rAjya taraphathI maLela mAtra eka navAjeza caDAvavAmAM Avyo che ane tyArathI tene eka svataMtra tarIke gaNI lIdhI che. jyAre tenA vaMzajoe je rAjapati tarIke potAnI sarva kAbeliyata ane kauzalya mahAkSatrapa 5da pitAnI sAthe joDAyuM che ke, rAjaya batAvavA chUTa mUkI devAmAM Avyo hato. have samajAze ke, taraphathI maLela eka navAjeza ke bheTa tarIke nahI, caSaNa jyAM sudhI kSatrapapade hatuM tyAM sudhI tene paNa tene paNa jema nahapANe pote, yuvarAja tarIke pitAne te pitAnI peThe kaI zilAlekha ke sikkA pitAnA nAme hoddo maLyo che evuM samajIne eka svataMtra rAjakuTuMbanA kAtarAvavAne adhikAra nahoto. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa nabIrA tarIke te pada grahaNa karyuM che, tema ca%Nune. mahAkSatrapapade daza agiyAra varSane kALa vyatIta karyo vaMzajoe paNa mahAkSatrapa padanuM grahaNa karyAnuM samajavuM. A hevA chatAMye, teNe sikkA paDAvyA nathI ja; kemake bhale pramANe caNe meLavela mahAkSatrapa padane ane tenA te 5da moTuM hatuM chatAM AkharIe te tAbedAra te vaMzajoe pitA sAthe joDela mahAkSatrapa pada vacce kharAja ne 23 vaLI sikkA paDAvavA te vastu evI che taphAvata samajI le; temaja kANu sikkA paDAvI zake ke mAtra je svataMtra gAdIpati hoya te ja te kArya karI ane kaNa na paDAvI zake te paNa have samajI zakAze. zake che. keI prazna karaze ke, mahAkSatrapa nahapANe kema jyAre zilAlekha te mukhya aMze dAna karyAnI jAherAta (22) A sAla kaniSka bInanA rAjyAbhiSeka aMgane na le ane sAMkhI zake paNa nahIM. (2) tema caENa lagatI gaNatrIthI lakhAI che. paNa pAchaLathI saMzodhana karatAM, mahAkSatrapane potAne paNa sikkA paDAvavAnuM te vakhate hINakaniSkanA rAjyAbhiSekane sAla paNa ekAda be varasa AgaLa pata jevuM lAgata; kemake je teNe sikkA paDAvyA hatA te laI javI paDe tema che, eTale caNane lagatI sAla paNa paNa tenA uparano AMka te, pitAnA uparIoneja lakho khaseDIne I. sa. 141-2 mAM laI javI paDe tema paData, kAraNa ke tene potAne zaka te haja nahIM, ane lAgyuM che. pote mahAkSatrapa hovA chatAM uparIna zaka vApare che, anya (23) chatAM dhAro ke, bIna mahAkSatrapa (nahapANe jema mahAkSatranI daSTie pite potAne ja halakA daraje utArI paDAvyA che tema)nI peThe teNe sikkA paDAvyA hota to,be prakAranI nAMkhyAnuM gaNAya, eTale "sabase baDI cUpane nyAya mArga muzkelI paData (1) tenA mukuTamaNI jevA kuzAnapatio te ja teNe lIdhe gaNAya ane te ja uttama kahevAya, rIta calAvI leta ke kema te prazna che. bake calAvI paNa (24) juo uparanI TIma 23

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caSaNano [ navama khaMDa rUpe ja hovAthI, te to game te mANasa-pachI adhikAra pakSapAtapaNAne lIdhe hilacAla karavAthI pite alaga yukta hoya yA na hoya toye-paNa kevarAvI zake che. rahI gayA hoya. game tema, paNa mahAkSatrapa caSmaNane paraMtu temAM phera eTale kharo ke je dAnapatra rAjya avaMtinI jItathI moTA pradezanuM svAmitva maLI gayuM. taraphathI ja-vyakita tarIke nahIM arpaNa karAyuM che te eTale pote have, I. sa. 143 mAM potAnA mAlika evA te rAjakartAe pitAnA sattAkALa daramyAna ja karAyeluM kuzanavaMzI samrATathI paNa, meTA vistArane svAmi hatuM ema samajI levuM rahe che. A samaye hiMdamAM thaI paDyo. eTale jema nahapANe atinI gAdI mAtra cAra sattAnuM rAjya cAlI rahyuM hatuM. uttara maLavAthI "rAjA" pada dhAraNa karIne pitAnA nAmanA hiMdamAM (paMjAba, kAzmira ane yutaprata tathA pUrvanA sikkA paDAvyA hatA, tema caSThaNa mahAkSatrape paNa bhAga upara) kuzanavaMzInuM, pazcimamAM (siMdha ane pitAne "rAjA' tarIke jAhera karI sikkA paDAvyA, rAjaputAnA upara) mahAkSatrapa caNDaNanuM, madhyahiMdamAM tathA potAnA vaMzane svataMtra zaka cAlate karI dIdho. (avAMta, saurASTra, kaccha, gujarAta ane vidhyAcaLanI A pachI pite ekAda varSa sudhI tadana ArAma lIdhe uttaramAM) gardabhIlavaMzInuM tathA vidhyAnI dakSiNamAM ane 145mAM AMdhrapati tarapha najara pheravI. tyAM te AMdhrapationuM; A pramANe cAra sattA rAjaya karatI caDAI laI gayo. AMdhrapati hArI javAthI paiThaNamAMthI patharAI rahI hatI. tevAmAM upara varNavyA pramANe rAjagAdI khAlI karI pAchA haThIne pitAnA rAjyanA caMNa mahAkSatrapane tAbedArInI puMsarImAMthI mukita dakSiNanA bhAgamAM tuMgabhadrA nadInA kAMThe vijayanagaramAM maLI; jethI tene pitAnuM zaurya ajamAvavAnuM ane gAdI laI gayo. tyAM tene vaMzavALAe paNa sadIka bhAgyanuM mApa kADhI levAnuM sUjhayuM. temAM saithI najIkanA sudhI rAja calAvyuM che ane pachI khatama thaI gaye pADozI tarIke te avaMtipatinuM ja rAjya hatuM. tyAM che. A bAju rAjA caThaNe avaMtimAM pAchA AvI A samaye (juo . pu. 3mAM pR. 406nI pAchaLa nivRtti sevavA mAMDI hatI kAraNa ke tene have vizeSa joDela keTha) tejasvI rAjAo nahetA; eTaluM caSmaNe bhUmi meLavavA jevuM rahyuM ja nahotuM. nivRttimAM ane avaMti upara halle laI jaI eka deDha ke be varSanI zAMtipUrvaka vakIvaTa calAvI aMte I. sa. 15ramAM eTale laDAImAM te meLavI lIdhuM. avaMtipatinI nabaLAIne cakkasaMvata 49 lagabhagamAM te maraNa pAmyA hatA. A lAbha jema caSmaNe lIdhe tema kuzanavaMzI kaniSka levA pramANe teNe meLavelAM birUdene ItihAsa jANavo. dhAryo heta te te laI zakata; kemake, tene dareka rIte uparanA pArigrAphamAM ja tene badhe citAra ApI phAvatuM hatuM. vaLI caThaNa karatAM pote vadhAre sattAzALI devAyo che eTale tenuM punarAvartana karavAnI AvazyakatA tathA sAdhana sAmagrIthI pahoMcato hato chatAMye teNe rahetI nathI. paraMtu TUMkamAM tene jarAe hilacAla AdarI nathI. temAM kAM te vadhAre rAjya vistAra khyAla AvI zake mATe jaNamulaka jItI, nAhaka upAdhI zAmATe vadhAravI ? tevI vavAnuM ke, atyAre jene madrAsa nirapekSatti kAraNarUpa hoya athavA te, pitAnA ja IlAke, temaja jene baMgALa, bihAra, orissA, sAgrIta gaNAtA caThaNune tyAM kAma karatA joine saMyukta prAMte, tathA paMjAba-kAzmira kahe che te (25) avaMti upara chata meLavyAnI tArIkha atra meM teja pustakamAM pR. 405 upara caDela kAThAmAM te I. sa. 143 jaNAvI che. jyAre pu. 3 pR. 146 nI sAme samaya sudhArI lIdhuM che ane te ja pramANe ahIM pAcho Dela kAThAmAM I. sa. 78 lakhela che. te vakhate vizeSa jaNAvyA che. dha karavA je samaya nahi eTale te koDAmAM ... (21) avaMtinI mahatvatA kevI gaNatI hatI te mATe TIpaNa kare che, paraMtu pAchaLathI pAka nirNaya thaI jatAM, jIo 5 3 5, 194 ane AgaLanI hakIkata

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tRtIya pariyda ] rAjya vistAra 17 sivAyanA sarva hiMdustAna upara tene rAjadaMDa pharate kayA haze? te saMbaMdhI jarA vivecana karavA jevuM thaI gayo hato. AvaDA moTA vistAra upara cakkaNe dekhAya che. svAmitva meLavyA bAbatanuM varNana atra te, tenA saMjogono vicAra karatAM prazna e thAya che ke, te birUda prAptinA ItihAra rUpe raju karAyuM che. jo ke te koI mUrti caThaNanI che te kharI, paNa kSatrapa tarIkenI che zilAlekhanA AdhAre jaNAvAyuM nathI, chatAM sadabhAgya ke mahAkSatrapa tarIkenI, te nakkI thAya to tenI sAla atyAre pracalita mAnyatA pramANe ja tene rAjya nakkI karavAnI saraLatA thai jAya. kAraNa ke pUrve vistAra hovAnuM AvIne ubhuM rahe che. A pracalita jyAre eka kaniSka ja hevAnuM manAtuM AvyuM hatuM mAnyatA sudarzana taLAvanI eka prazasti, jene cakkaNanA tyAre te mArga saraLa paNa hatA, paraMtu have pitra rUdradAmane meLavela dezavijayanI nedha tarIke te be kaniSka thayela hovAnuM tathA banne kaniSkanI lekhI che teno AdhAra laIne goThavAI che. eTale vacce lagabhaga 25 varSa jeTale gALo paDI gayAnuM vAcaka mahAzaye ema samajI levuM nahIM ke te rUdradAmananI sAbita thai cUkyuM che. uparAMta temanA zakane yazagAthA gAtI hakIkata sAthe huM saMmata chuM. ulaTuM AraMbhakALa paNa pacIsa varSa moDe laI javAya che. mArI samaja pramANe te A AkhI prazastimAM ghaNI AvI rIte be traNa prakArane sudhArA thaI gaela ghaNI jAtanI gerasamajUti thavA pAmI che. pariNAme hovAthI te mUrti kSatrapanI che ke mahAkSatrapanI, te muddo aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAo pheravavI paDe tema che. te nakkI karavAnI AvazyakatA vizeSapaNe pragaTa thAya sarvanuM varNana rUdradAmananA vRttAMte jaNAvavAmAM Avaze. che. temAM vaLI te lekhake eka vakhata8 jaNAvyuM rAjya vistAranI dRSTie vicAratAM, tenA AkhAye che ke "The statues of Kanishka and vaMzamAM tene naMbara prathama Ave che, ane bIjo naMbara Chasthana being found together, tenA pitra rUdradAmanane Ave che. jo ke bahu vizvAsa would be contemporaries and even pAtra noMdha karI zakAya tevA khAtrIpUrNa AdhAra prApta relatives=kanika ane caNanAM putaLAM sAtheja haju nathI thayA, chatAM je ema kahevAI javAya ke mAluma paDayAM che eTale bane samasamayI kahevAya ane rUdradAmananuM rAjya tenA dAdA karatAM vistAramAM kAMIka vaLI sagAM paNa thatAM heya." eTale ke ca9NanA moTuM hatuM te paNa vAstavika gaNI zakAze. hoddA vize eka zabda paNa uccAryo nathI. ba9ke te - jyAre jyAre jarUriyAta lAgI che tyAre tyAre kema jANe kSatrapa paNa banavA pAmyo heya nahi, e kuzanavaMzanA varNanamAM eka karatAM vadhAre vAra caThaNanI AbhAsa ubho thavA jevI sthitimAM mUkI dIdhA che. mUrti je mathurAthI cada mAIla jyAre temaNe teja pustakanA pR. 61 upara te sApha sAthe maLI dUra Avela mATa gAmamAMthI zabdomAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che ke, " Chasthan held AvelI kaniSka kaniSkanI sAthe kotarAvela maLI his office as great Kshatrap under qua agril 24141 221 @camy po Kushan dynasty. i. e. under Kadphe mUrti vize ApaNe karI batAvyo che. eTale sisII=kuzAna vaMzanA samaye, eTaleka DaphasIjha bIjAnA have te vAta navI to nathI ja, hAtha taLe ca9Nu, mahAkSatrapa padane adhikAra bhogavate paraMtu te kevA saMjogomAM ghaDAI haze ane tene samaya hate." bhale temaNe kaDaphasIjhano samaya batAvyo che. (27) ja, A. hi.rI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 12 jue. vaLI juo 1934 nA "sudhA' mAsikane mArgazIrSa mAsane aMka 5, 1 thI 6 vaLI jAo 1933 jAnyuArIne "gaMgA" mAsikanA khAsa aMka pR. 170 (28) ja, A. hi vi. se. pu. 2 bhAga 2 5, 62 ST : Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caSaNanI ane [ navama khaMDa te muddo to ApaNe zodhyA bAda 29 nakkI karI zakIe ke jyAMthI te sadehe pAcho pharI zako ja nathI; eTale tema chIe, paNa cakaNane mahAkSatrapa hovAnuM jaNAvI dIdhuM pachI sAthe besIne mUrti ghaDAvavAno prasaMge upasthita che. chatAM temanA herapheravALAM vAkya sAthe anya thayAne prazna ja rahetuM nathI. tema kaniSka pachI rAjA lekhake e "mahAkSatrapa' zabda lakhyA0 hevAnuM vagreSTha ane te bAda rAjA haviSkano, rIjaTa tarIke sarakhAvIe chIe tyAre kAMIka hiMmata Ave che ke te kArabhAra 6+1=17 varSa Azare cAlyo che eTale mahAkSatranA aMdhakAre ja banAvAyelI mUrti hevI te kALa sudhImAM paNa kaniSkanA nAmanI sAthe levA joIe. chatAM paristhitine tapAsI te jevIja rahe che. devA rahetI nathI; tyAre je vicAravAnuM rahyuM te kaniSka ApaNe kahI gayA chIe temaja puravAra thayeluM bIjAnA rAjyArohaNa bAdanuM ja. ane tenA rAjyakALe, che ( juo. pR. 185mAMne kAThe ) ke kaNe potAnuM vahelAmAM vahele ane sArAmAM sAre je zubhaprasaMga rAjadvArI jIvana kSatrapanA adhikArathI ja AvyuM che, gaNAya teja ApaNe TharAvyA che ke, te vakhate cAiNane eTale te daravAje paNa rAjA kaniSka sAthe tene mUrti mahAkSatrapa padathI navAjavAmAM AvyuM hoya. eTale ketarAvavAne samaya na Ave, evuM te naja bane. je sAbita thayuM che, te mUti kaniSka bIjAnI sAthe ke kaniSka jevo maTe samrATa, kSatrapa jevA pitAnA mahAkSasa, cakaNanI che. ane tene nirmANakALa kaniSka nAnA heddedAra sAthe besIne mUrti kotarAvavA de, te bIjAnA rAjyAbhiSekane hoI tene samaya I. sa. kSitija kapanAnI bahAra jatI ane behadI dekhAya 14ranI AsapAsane mUkI zakAze. che. chatAM na banavAnuM paNa banI jAya che ema mAne yuropiya vidvAnoe jyAM pitAne bahu ukela jaDI te che, te vakhatanA saMjogo vicArIe chIe tyAre Avyo nathI tyAM saghaLA paradezI AkramaNakArone te saMbhavita dIsatuM nathI. kemake kSatrapane darajajo te pitAne phAvaTa AvI tevI be kaniSkamAMthI mAtra kaniSka pahelAnA rAjaaleja nahapANa ane prajA tarIke oLakhAvI dIdhA teNe bhogavyo che. ane te pade jyAre tene niyukta caSmaNanI che. ane tene lIdhe hiMdI itikaravAmAM Avyo che tyAre, eTale I. sa. 117mAM te sarakhAmaNI hAsamAM aneka goTALA ubhA thavA kaniSka pahela madhya eziyAmAM yuddhamAM guMthAyela ho, pAmyA che, chatAM khUbI e batAvatA (29) ane kaDakasIjha potapotAnA sikAmAM potAne ni hoya. nahIM ke cazmaNane (4) pete hajI jyAM phajhala eTale subA tarIke oLakhAve che. je tema che to pachI matharapati nathI banyA ane pitAne zaka nathI calAvI subAne tyAM subA (tra5) kayAMthI hoI zake? ane jyAM zakaya tyAM bIjAne mahAkSatrapa kayAMthI banAvI de ? A kSatrapaja na hoI zake tyAM vaLI mahAkSatrapa to temanA tAbAmAM prakAre aneka mudAo tenI viruddhamAM jatA dekhAya che. zI rIte ja saMbhave ? e to sasalAne ziMgaDA hovA jevI (30) juo uparanI TIkA naM. 23. vAta kahevAya. [ kAI kaheze ke te sthAne hiMdamAM AvIne (31) eka dAkhalo TUMkAmAM ja ApIza. ke. A. re. pAchaLathI teNe mahArAjAdhirAjapada dhAraNa karyuM hatuM eTale te 5. 104 pAri. 84 mAMthI te utArela che. te zabda A te potAnA hAtha taLe subo-kSatrapa rAkhI zake che. javAba pramANenA che. "It is possible that the Kshaha(1) eka to teNe mahArAjAdhirAjapada grahaNa karyA pachI ratas may have been Pahlavas and the family bahu lAMbe vakhata jIpeja nathI. (2) eTale kSatrapa jevA of Chastan Sakas. It seems to be certain that padane sukha nImI zake teTalA bhUmi pradeza upara Adhipatya the the name of Nabapan is Persian and meLavyuM nahotuM. (3) caThaNa prathama kSatrapa nathI nimAyo that the name Ghsanmotik, the father of paNa tene pitA prathama nimAyo che eTale je vImA Chasthana is scythic (Thomas J- R. A. S. haDaphasIre su nImavAnuM karyuM hoya to paNa patine 1906 P. 211.)=saMbhavita che ke, kSaharATe pahalavADa heya

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tRtIya pariracheda ] nahapANanI sarakhAmaNuM rahyA che ke A paradezI prajAnI oLakha meLavavAmAM samajamAM utare che te pramANe nahapANanA amAtya kevaLa hiMdI itihAsakAroeja saghaLo chabaraDa vALI ayamano juvALa pele zilAlekha he joIe. nAkhyo che. te hakIkata pu. 3mAM aneka vakhata ApaNe temAM saMvatsarano AMka 46ne che.33 jema nahapAnuM jaNAvI cUkyA chIe. mAruM ema kahevuM nathI ke ke tene jamAI rUSabhadattanA je zilAlekhomAM AMka maLI temaNe Avo deSAro5 jANI bUjhIne ja karyo che. zuM AvyA che te sarvamAM moTAmAM moTo AMka A ja che, yurepiya ke zuM amerikana ke zuM hiMdI? game te dezano tema bIjI bAju cANa vaMzI kSatraponA je zilAlekhamAM manuSya hoya, paraMtu sarvenA hAthe bhUle te thAya che; AMka34maLI AvyA che temAM nAnAmAM nAno para(bAvana) manuSya mAtra bhUlane pAtra che. paraMtu koIe koIne na che. ane te aSaNanA pautra mahAkSatrapa rudradAmanane halakA pADavA jevI vRtti dhAraNa karavI na joIe. che. jyAre pautra tarIke rUdradAmanane che, tyAre tenA je kAI prayAsa kare te vidyAnA zokhane laIneja kare dAdA ceSThaNano samaya te tenI pUrveja hoya te ka95nA che. teTale darajaje tenuM kRtya upakAraka ja lekhAya ane vAstavika che. vaLI nahapANanA AMka 46 nI ane te mATe tene abhinaMdana ja dhaTe che. rUdradAmananA AMka paranI vacce kevaLa cha varSanuM ja upara pramANenI eka gerasamaja nahapANa ane aMtara kahevAya; eTale te cha varSanA gALAmAM ja ca9Na ca9NanI bAbatamAM paNa thavA pAmI dekhAya che. pote kAM avaMtipati banavA pAmyo na hoya? te kalpanA koIe nahapAne InDe pArTIana lekho che te ubhI thaI. temAM eka bIjA saMjoge vaLI puSTi pUrI; koIe siaina ke InDasithiana lekhAvyo che. cakaNane putra ane rUdradAmanane pitA jayadAmana je tema ca9NanI bAbatamAM paNa thavA pAmyuM che. te gaNAya che, tenA nathI maLyA zilAlekha ke nathI maLyA badhAnA ullekhamAM utaravA jarUra nathI. paraMtu eTaluM sikkA; eTale vastusthiti goThavI devAI ke tenuM te moTA bhAge banavA pAmyuM che ke te banene rAjya cAlyuM ja nathI athavA cAlyuM hoya te kevaLa eka jAtinAja ke lagabhaga maLatI AvatI jAtinA TUMka samaya mATe ja; ane kharuM che ke temaja baneluM gaNI kaDhAyA che; vaLI baMne avaMtipati banyA che che. jayadAmana mAtra cAra cha mAsaja gAdIpati banavA eTale kadAca ekabIjAnI pAchaLa pAchaLa ja teo pAmyo hoya ema dekhAya che. eTale para ane 4 gAdIe birAjamAna thayA hoya ema paNa anumAna vaccenA cha varSane meLa jAmI gayo che, nahapANanI goThavAyo che. tema banavAnuM kAraNa mukhya aMze mArI pachI turataja cakaNuM avaMtipati tarIke Ave che. ane caThaNanuM kuTuMba zaka hoya; cekasa mAlama thAya che ke, mATe tene rAka tarIke ja oLakhatA. A vAkaya upara pu. 3 nahapANanuM nAma irAnI che ane cazmaNanA pitA daSametikanuM mR. 140 TI. naM. 45 nuM vivecana juo.] nAma sithika che. (thomAsa ja. ro. e. sa. 1906 pR. (32) 5. 3mAM ayamane badale amaya lakhAI gayuM che 211) kihe, A anumAna karavAmAM ke meLa utAryo che. te sarata cuka samajavI eTale sudhArIne vAMcavA vinaMti che, chatAM Topalo naMkhAya che hiMdI vidvAno upara. temanA zabdo (33) juo ko. . re. pR. 59; zilAlekha AMka A rahyA. Ind, Ant. XXXVII 1908 pp. 2. naM. 35 (vaLI juo pu. 3 pR. 200nuM vivecana). Indians cared very little whether the invader (34) sikAomAM AMka maLI AvyA che kharA paNa te was a Parthian, Saka or a Kushan. The Adi rAjAonA sikkAmAM nathI (juo uparamAM pR. 185ne conquerer came from Saka-dwipa and so he hThA) eTale te hakIkta bAda rAkhIne jaNAvyuM che. was a Saka AkramaNa karanAra koNa hata-pArthiana zaka (35) je sikkA banyA che ane tene hevAnuM ke kazANu-te jANavAnI hiMdIo bahu juja paravA rAkhatA. jaNAvAyuM che te zaMkAspada che. te mATe jue rA lIpamAMthI (jabudIpanI bahArathI) te vijetA A pR. 186. TI. naM. 6mAM TIpaNumAM yakala mArA vicAre.

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ka caSaNanI ane [ navama khaMDa tenuM rAjya bahuja alpa samayI nIvaDela hovuM joIe vargane mANasa kahevAya; jethI nahapANane potAne kemake kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapa pada bhagavata bhogavato te pitA maraNa pAmatAM, sarva adhikAra Ape Apa uMce caDato Avyo che. eTale pachI rAjApade jyAre maLI gayA hatA jyAre cakaNane badhA prakAranA adhikAro pahoMcyo tyAre moTI uMmarane vRddha thaI gayo haze. mATe potAnA uparI sattAnI maherabAnI upara laTakI pariNAme Traka vakhatamAM te maraNa pAmyo he rahevAnuM hatuM. jethI nahapAnuM mahAkSatrapa pada adhikAra joIe. ane jema nahapANe rAjA'nuM birUda joDIne sUcaka che, jyAre ca9NanuM mahAtra 5 pada mAtra navAjezakamAnukrame traNe pada dhAraNa karyA che, te ja pramANe cANe bakSIsarUpa che. eTale ke nahapANa mahAkSatrapa banyo che, paNa meLavyAM che ane pote avaMtinI gAdIe Avyo che. jyAre caNane banAvavAmAM Avyo che. A rIte badhI paristhitine sumeLa barAbara baMdhabesato (5) banenA sikkAcihomAM ghaNe phera che tema thai gayo. ane AvA saMjogomAM game te hoya, to te paNa sikkAnI lipimAM paNa phera che. te anumAnane vyAjabI TharAve te svAbhAvika ja che. (6) napaNane mUrti kotarAvavAne jo ke vakhata paraMtu te pramANe sadhaLe ghATa utarato chatAM te nathI Avyo, paNa je Apo heta te, pite kSatrapa anumAna karyA nathI ema ApaNe aneka-lagabhaga nava- pade hovA chatAM, potAnA pitA bhUmaka sAthe (gAdIpati dalIla ApIne pu. 3. pR. 217thI AgaLa pUravAra hovA chatAM ) te paDAvI zakata. jyAre caThaNathI karI batAvyuM che. uparAMta vadhAre purAvA mane vizeSa kSatrapa tarIke tema te karAya ja kyAMthI? paraMtu mahAabhyAsathI maLI AvyA che, tenuM varNana atre karavA kSatrapa banyA pachI e karavuM hoya te tenI marajInI dhAruM chuM. vAta nahatI; paNa tenA uparI rAjAnI maherabAnInI (1) kSatrapa tarIke bhUmaka ane napANa sikkA pratIka tarIke ja te amalamAM mUkI zakAya tevI paDAvI zakatA hatA, jyAre caNa paDAvI zakate nahi. sthiti hatI. alabata bhUmaka kAI AMka lakhI zakato nahi, kemake (7) nahapANa mahAkSatrapa banyo ke turata avaMti tene svataMtra zaka teNe sthApo nahote, paNa tenA upara svataMtra rIte caDAI karI zake che, paraMtu caMputra nahapANe avaMtipati banyA pachI sthApe hatA. ne te mahApa banyA bAda lagabhaga agiyAra varSa (2) nahapANe mahAkSatrapa tarIke zilAlekho paNa sudhI besI rahevuM paDayuM che. (juo uparanI kalama ketarAvela che. tema kSatrapa tarIke kotarAvavAnI sattA paNa naM. 4 mAM varNavelI sthiti) hatI; kemake yuvarAja pade kSatrapa tarIke te khuda rAjA (8 naha5Ne avaMtipade AvyA pachI, mahAkSatrapa jeTale sattAdhArI hatA, jyAre cANane kSatrapapade to rahyuM, zabdano upayoga IcchApUrvaka karyo che, eTale ke kara, paNa mahAkSatrapapade AvyA chatAMye zilAlekha kAtarA- na kare tenI potAnI munasaphI upara avalaMbeluM hatuM, vavAnI sattA nahetI, kemake tene zIre saradAra hatA. paNa rAjA zabda che te vAparateja; jyAre caThaNa pote (3) nahaSANa kSatrapa hato tyAM sudhI potAnA atinI gAdIe AvA chatAM, ekale rajAnuM birUda pitAne-mahAkSatrapane-javAbadAra hatuM, ane mahAkSatrapa na jotAM, "mahAkSatra5 rAja' ema lakhata; (juo thayA pachI svataMtra rAjakartAnA haka bhogavato hato. pu. 3 pR. 12 dalIla naM. 7) kema jANe mahAkSatrapa jyAre ane te kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa 5da baMne zabda tenA nAma sAtheno eka avibhAjya aMzaja sarakhAja hatA. alabata mahAkSatrapa tarIke haka-adhi- thaI paDa na hoya. kAra vizeSa kharo. bAkI mAthe saradAra to hamezAM (9) nahapANanuM vatana aphagAnistAna che, jyAre hato ja, caMNanuM madhya eziyA che. nahapANanI bhASA ane (4) nahapANa rAjakuTuMbI hato. caizuM nakara lipi khareSThI che. temAM brAhmI lipi 5NuM che.

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tIya paricheda ] nahapANanI sarakhAmaNI 201 caSaNanI tevI nathI, paraMtu tenA pitAnI sAthe tema banne jaNAe bApanI ja jagyA tathA gAdI nokara tarIke thoDo samaya aphagAnistAnamAM gALela saMbhALI lIdhI che. eTale kharekane aMzatemAM praveza thato dekhAya che khare. (5) banne jaNAe pita pitAne saMvata pravartAeTalethI te banne judAja juthanA sabhyo hatA ema vyo che ane temAM paNa pitAnA pitAnA rAjyApuravAra thaI jAya che. raMbhathIja te saMvatanI Adi banne jaNAe gaNAvI (10) uparAMta te bannenI kALa gaNanAnI paddha- che. teTalA daraje bannemAM pitAnA pitA taraphanI timAM paNa phera rahela che. te e ke nahapANe sAlanA pUjya buddhi ane vaMzanAM abhimAna jALavavAnI AMka sAthe Rtu, mAsa ane divasa ema cAra vastu- Atmata eka sarakhI gaNAze. one nirdeza karyA karyo che, jyAre ca9Ne Rtune (6) banuM rAjadvArI jIvana lAMbuM che. alabatta darzAvIja nathI, paraMtu mAsamAM pakSa lakhavAne badale nahapANa paMdareka varSa jeTalI nAnI vaye temAM pa mAsanuM nAma ja spaSTapaNe batAvyuM che. hatuM ane so varSanI umare maraNa pAmyo che. eTale, upara pramANe pratyekanI mukhya mukhya viziSTatAe ekaMdara 80-85 varSa jeTale kALa rAjakAraNamAM che. vaLI ATalI ATalI viSamatA hovA chatAM te benI teNe gA kahevAya. jyAre caNe rAjadvArI jIvanamAM vacce ghaNI ghaNI sAmyatA paNa taravaratI dekhAya che. praveza paNa kAMIka moTI umare, eTale lagabhaga trIseka je temanA rAjadvArI jIvana uparathI tAravI zakAya varSe karyo hoya ema samajAya che, temaja 65 varSanuM che. te A pramANe samajavI - AyuSya bhogavI maraNa pAmyo che. te hisAbe tenuM (1) bane jaNuM hiMdanI najare paradezI che. rAjakIya jIvana mAtra 30-35 varSanuM ja gaNI zakAya. paraMtu rAjakIya jIvananI dRSTie teo banne hiMdIja paraMtu rAjakIya jIvananI hADamArI, upAdhi ane banI gayA hatA. jenA pratIka tarIke, nahapANe pote ukaLATa jotAM, ATalAM varSanuM AyuSya paNa lAMbuM ja ja navAhana, naravAhana jevuM saMskRta nAma dhAraNa kahI zakAya. alabatta nahapANanI apekSAe te lagabhaga karI lIdhuM hatuM. jyAre cachaNe pite te bhale nathI aDadhuM ja, balka tethI paNa ochuM ja gaNAya tema che. karyuM paraMtu tenA putra ane te bAda tenA vaMzanA sarva tema sAmAnya AyuSyanI hada paNa bannemAM ThIka jaNue hiMdI nAma apanAvI lIdhAM che. ThIka dIrdhasamI gaNI zakAya tema che. (2) nahapAne dharma jaina che tema cakaNa () bannee sva parAkrama vaDeja avaMtinI gAdI paNa jena che. banne jaNAe pitAnA rAjyamAM hastagata karI lIdhI che. Avela saurASTramAMnA zatruMjaya ane giranAra jevAM (8) banene caherA (juo pu. 2 mAM temanAM svadharmanAM gaNAtAM mukhya tIrthadhAmonI mulAkAta sikA citro; tathA pu. 3 mAM pR. 137 sAme lIdhI che. (Ane lagatuM keTaluMka vivecana rUdradAmananA coDelI temanI AkRtio) paNa eka bIjAne ThIka jIvana vRttAMtamAM karavAmAM Avaze.) ThIka maLI jato dekhAya che. tema teoe hiMdI (3) banneno adhikAra prathama madhyadeza (madhya hiMda rAjakartAomAM mukuTa dhAraNa karavAnI prathA upADI lIdhI nahIM, paNa rAjaputAnAvALo bhAga je aravallInI pazcime dekhAya che vaLI te mukuTa paNa eka sarakhI ja paddhatinA Avela che. juo pu. 1 pariccheda trIje)thI zarU thayo dekhAya che. che ane chevaTe avaMtipati paNa banne banavA pAmyA che. rAjakAraNe uparanI sAmyatA jema dekhAI Ave che (4) bane jaNAe rAjakIya tAlIma pitAnA tema keTalIka asamAnatA paNa spaSTa ma lUma paDI pitA pAsethI ja meLavI che ane AgaLa paDyA che. Ave che, jevIke (1) nahapANe ane caNe bannee - Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ApA kALA kAma . -- [ navama khaDa kSatrapa tathA avati meLavI lIdhA pachI AMdhrapati upara karaDI tethI A bAbata hAtha dharavAne tene puSkaLa avakAsa najara karI to che ja, paraMtu nahapANe teo mAtra maLyo hato. A pramANe bemAMthI prathama ke bIjI kAmAM rahe, teTalA pUratI najara rAkhIne saMtoSa pakaDayo kAraNa hoya; ke bane thoDAM thoDAM heya. game tema paNa hatuM, jyAre ca9Ne te temano khUba pIche pakaDayo hate lekene ghaNuM AgaLa laI janArAM sAdhanonI bheTa te eTale sudhI ke, temanuM mULa pATanagara je paiThaNa maLI hatI. jayAre ane rAja amala te bAbatamAM hatuM te khAlI karAvIne temane TheTha dakSiNamAM jatA lagabhaga zUnya jevo ja che. tema tene avaMtino je rahevAnI pharaja pADI che, ke jyAMthI pAchA teo ubhA samaye adhikAra maLe te samaye prajAmAM asaMtoSa ja thavA pAmyA nathI. (2) eTale nahapANane rAjaya jevuM paNa nahotuM ane tethI karIne ja te, pitAne vistAra avaMtinI gAdI maLI gayA pachI svalita TUMka rAja amala hevA chatAM, rAjapATathI dUra dUra thaI gayo hato jyAre cachaNe te khUba khUba vadhArI rahIne zatruone jItavAmAM ane rAjya vistAranI vRddhi dIdhuM hatuM. jethI rAjya vistAranI daSTie ca9Na karavAmAM nirbhaya rIte kAme lAgI zakayo hato. vadhAre parAkramI ane kAMDALIo kahevAya. (3) uparanA pArigrAphamAM nahapAnI ane cakaNanI nahapANu aputriyo maraNa pAmyo che. jyAre ca9Nane sarakhAmaNI karatAM, kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapanA darajajAne vaMza ane parivAra khUba laMbAve che; eTale nahapANa lagatI keTalIka navI mAhitI mA vaMzamAM mAtra (jo tenA pitAnI gaNatrI paNa kSatrapa, mahAkSatrapanI ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe. karAya te) be ja rAjA thayA che. paraMtu caine sattA vize tema agAu pu. 3 mAM pR. 164 vaMzavele lagabhaga 20 uparanI peDhI sudhI pahoMcyo thI 171 sudhImAM paNa keTalIka che. 4) nahapANanA rAjya upara tenA mULa uparI vigato ApI gayA chIe. A pramANe chUTI chavAI saradAranI minenTara vigere na prajAnI chAyA ane asaMbaMdhapaNe te heya tene badale te sarva mAhitIne paDatI hatI, je temanA saradAranA sikkA pitAnA guMthIne koThA rUpe je goThavavAmAM Ave to tene samarAjya amale temaja rAjya vistAramAM cAlavA dIdhA javAne tathA tenI tulanA karavAne saraLatA prApta hovAthI sAbita thAya che. jyAre caNe tema thavA thAya te hetuthI koSTaka rUpe raju karIzuM. dIvuM lAgatuM ja nathI. (5) nahapANe vepAra vRddhinAM A heddAo mULe te rAjakArabhArane baje sAdhanone sAre ke ApyA karyo che. caNe haLavo karavA mATe ane javAbadArInI vaheMcaNI karavA, tema karyuM nathI lAgatuM. tenAM be kAraNa jaNAya che; jAyA lAge che. vaLI A zabdo ahiMdI-paradezI cakane svataMtra rAjyakALa paNa TUMko che tema che. eTale tene lagatI saMpUrNa vigate te paradezI rAjayano vistAra vadhAravAmAM ja tene badho samaya rAjataMtranA vahivaTathI vAkephagAra heya teja lakhI vyatIta thaI gayo che. (6) chatAM nahapANe ghaNuM dAna zakAya, chatAM hiMdI itihAsanA avalokanathI je dIdhAM che temaja lekanAM manaraMjana karavA ghaNAM tAravI zakAI che teja vigata atra raju karI che ema evyAgA kAyI paNa hAtha dharyo dekhAya che. tenAM samajavuM. banavA joga che ke temAM kayAMka gerasamajUti kAraNa tarIke (ba) kadAca ema paNa hoya che, tene paNa thavA pAmI haze to te sudhArI levA vinaMti che. avaMtino kabaje maLyo tyAre lekane uzkerATa ghaNo je paradezI prajAoe hiMda upara amala bhegahatA, eTale pitAnI jAta pratye temaja rAjakIya vyo che. tenA be bhAga pADI zakAya tema che. eka paristhitine aMge banne prakAre lokone zAMta pADavAmAM svataMtra ane bIjo bInaravatatra. svataMtra prajA tene tevAM kAryo karavAnI AvazyakatA tene jaNAI hoya. kahIzuM ke, je pote potAnA dezamAM svataMtra rAja (9) athavA te pitAne rAjaamala lAMbo ho vahIvaTa calAvatI hatI ane bIna svataMtra tene kahIzuM

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vatIya paricheda ] mahAkSatrapanI sattA vize ke je maLe te anya prajAne tAbe heya ke tenI pUrI karI kahevAya kharI; jyAre bInasvataMtra prajAnA sAthe rAjadvArI saMbaMdhe joDAI gayela hoya paraMtu heddedAroe svataMtra thayA bAda potAnA hoddA grahaNa karela pAchaLathI game te kAraNe chUTI paDIne svataMtra rIte hovAthI eka rIte teo nokara na ja kahevAya; paraMtu te rAja calAvavA maMDI paDI hoya. svataMtra prajA tarIkenAM heddAo pitAnA nAma sAthe joDAyela rahela hovAthI daSTAMtamAM yavana, yena (bekaTrIansa) pArthiansa- temanI pUrva sthitidarzaka te gaNI zakAya ane teTale daraje pahavAjha-paziansa ane kuzAnane jaNAvIzuM, jyAre teo pArakAnI tAbedArImAM hatA ema te kahI bInasvataMtra prajA tarIke zaka kSaharATa, ane cakaNuzIne zakAya ja. ATalA mATe ja ApaNe temane parataMtra nathI gaNI zakAze. AthI karIne svataMtra prajAnA je kSatrapa kahyA, kemake te heddo bhogavatAM bhogavatAM svataMtra thaI ane mahAkSatrape che te eka rIte, nekara tarIkenI gayA che, paraMtu temane bInasvataMtra kahyA che. kakSAmAM mUkI zakAya ane teja pramANe temaNe kArakIrdI svataMtra prajAnA bIna svataMtra prajAnA -eTale nekaranI kakSAvALA vigata kSatrapa mahAkSatrapa kSatra mahAkSatrapa (1) sikkA pADavA|na pADI zake | pADI zake | pADI zake paNa khAsa | pADI zake 9 bAbata (rAjAzA hoya tevuM paNa rAjAnA zA karIne jarUrIAta ja pADI zake) 944 kane AMkaja rahetI nathI vAparavo paDe (2) saMvata kayo vaparAya pitAnA uparI rAjAnA vaMzane | pitAnA mahAkSatrapanA | pitAnA ja vaMzanA saMvata je hoya teno AMka vaMzane | | saMvatane (3) saMvata calAvavA pitAnA uparI rAjAno ke | calAvI zake paNa pote AdipurUSa hoya bAbata tenA vaMzanoja calAvI zake | pitAnA mahAkSatrapa | te pitAne; nahIM te potAnA pUrvajanA rAjayAraMbhathI pote (36) u5ranI vyAkhyA pramANe to A pAna praja (38) hagAna hagAmAsanA sikkA juo 6. 2. A paNa mULe yavana (grIka) prajAnA tAbAmAM ja hatI eTale naM. 5, 10) A prakAranA gaNAze. tene bIna svataMtra paNa gaNI zakAya. paraMtu kena prajAe (39) dRSTAMta tarIke rAjIpulanA, tathA sodAsanA sikkA svataMtra banIne rAjavahIvaTa calAvyo che eTaluM ja nahIM, (pAte mahAkSatrapa banyA pachIna). paNa potAnA hAtha taLe kSatrapa paNa ubhA karyA hatA tethI (40) dRSTAMtamAM ladAkhanI pAse khalatsagAmano ema temane mULa prajA tarIke ahiM lekhI che. kaDasIjha ketarAvela zilAlekha (juo 15ramAM pR.14). (37) inDo-pArTIana rAja mejhIjha A sthitimAM (41) nahapANunA-rUSabhadattanA, maMtrI ayamanA zilAgaNI zakAya paNa tene hodo mahAkSatrapa tarIke nahoteja, lekha, pAtikana pelo 78 AMkavALe takSilAno zilAlekha, thawNa mahAkSatrapa paNa A makAnaja kahevAya, kuzanavaMzanA sarva zilAle. thANanA he I che

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24 (4) sattA prakAra | peAtAnA kSatrapa tathA mahAkSatrapanI tAe mahA- | peAtAnA rAAne | peAtAnA mahAkSatrapanI deAravaNImAM rahe ane te paNa mahAkSatrapanA rAjyAraMbhathIja (6) sagapaNa saMbaMdha (7) yAre padavI co kSatrapane tAbe (5) zahenazAha sAthe na paNa aAya saMbaMdha hAya ke? ane hAya tA kevA prakArane? banatA sudhI saMbaMdha hotA nathI sAmAnya rIte | peAtAnA parAkramamahAkSatrapanI bhalA-| vaDe paraMtu zahenamaNathI ane te zAhanI prasannatA paNa zahenazAhanI upara te kharUMja marajI hAya tAja (8) temanI saMkhyA | eka paNa heAya 5 ane aneka paNa keTalI hAya hAya na paNa hAya banatA sudhI mahAkSatrapa 56 nAkarane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat apAtuM ja nathI46 chatAM khAsa kasATI tarIke ubhuM karyuM hAya te bahu te ekanIja saMkhyAmAM47 (42) dRSTAMteAmAM bhrama, ane nahapANa, rAjIvula, ane sADASa, lIJaka, ane pAtika; i. i. jANI levAM (43) mahAkSatrapa caNuM A kathananA dRSTAMta rUpa che. (44) naM 42 vALAnA badhA kissAmAM A sthiti banavA pAmI hatI. rUdradAmana vize je ema mAnyatA thai che ke teNe Apa khaLe mahAkSatrapa pada meLaLyuM hatuM te kathana khATuM che ema mahAkSatrapanA svataMtra thaela che yuvarAja pote hAya | eTale zahenazAhanA che .tethI temanI dAra | saMbaMdhane praznaja vaNImAM pitA putrano rahetA nathI saMbaMdha dekhAya che [ navama khaMDa kASThane tAme nahIM paNa taddana svataMtra putra ane42 yuvarAja | poteja gAdIpati che tarIkeja DAya pitA je mahAkSatra544 gAdIpati khane eTale che tenA maraNa bAda turata ApeAApa gAdIpati banI jAya ane mahAkSatrapa kahevAya mahAkSatrapa ApeApa kahevAya; tene padavIe caDAvanAra kAi gaNAya nahIM yuvarAja ja hAi zake, mATe ekanI ja saMkhyA peAteja gAdIpati che saMkhyAnA eTale savAlaja ubhA thatA nathI A uparathI samajavuM. (tenA vRttAMte jIe) (45) dRSTAMtamAM; DeriasanA rAjye 20-24 kSatrapI hatI. (46) pahallAjhamAM mahAkSatrapa maLatA nathI tenuM kAraNa A niyamamAM samAyaluM che. (sarakhAvA uparanI TI. na'. 37mAM ApeluM meAjhIjhanuM dRSTAMta). (45) jue uparanI TI. na'. 37; caNa mahAkSatrapanA dRSTAMta khAsa A sthitineja che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paricheda ] sattA vizenI samajUti 205 (9) zilAlekha rAjanA nekara tarIke te rAjAjJA | yuvarAjanA adhikAra pate sarva sattAdhIza kotarAvavA thIja katarAvI zake ane temane 1 nI rUie katarAvI ] hovAthI A prazna bAbatano ja saMvata vAparI zake; bAkI | zake ane temAM AMka' ubho thatuM nathI adhikAra vyaktigatapaNe je dAna karyuM hoya te saMkhyA pitAnA vaMzanA banatAM sudhI te sthitimAM pitAnA | saMvatanIja vApare48 nAma sAthe kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapane hedo ! joDavA jarUra nathI; kemake khAnagI lekha vyakti tarIke keIpaNa manuSya | ketarAvI zake che. dvitIya paricchede, kuzanavaMzanA itihAsa sAthe i. sa. 423 jeTale dUra gayo che A pramANe bhinna saMbaMdha dharAvatA, paNa keTalIka bAbatamAM alaga paDI bhinna daSTibiMduthI joIe te temanI vacceno taphAvata jatA, ATha muddAnAM nAma ApyAM dekhAI Ave che. chatAM eka vakhate ja dRSTi nAMkhIne ATha mudAmAne hatAM, jemAMnAM traNa kaniSka joI zakAya te mATe te hakIkatane keSTikope guMthI chele athavA pahelAnA vRttAMte, eka kaniSka batAvIzuM. kuzAna ane bIjAnA vRttAMte, ane bAkI caSaNazAka kuzAnaka cakaNu saMvatanI rahelA cAramAMthI traNa, A ca9Na- (1) Adine I. sa. 103 i. sa. 103 sarakhAmaNu vaMzI kSatraponI hakIkata lakhatAM samaya jaNAvAI gayA che. have eka ja mAtra bAkI rahyo che. te kuzAna ane cachazakanI ) . (2) sthApaka cakaNa kaniSka pahele sarakhAmaNane lagate che. tenI carcA ane karIzuM. (3) prasaMga tenA pitAnuM pitAne rAjayouparamAM, prasaMge ubhA thatAM sAbita karI devAyuM kSatrapapade nimAvuM bhiSeka the che ke bannenI gaNatrIno samaya i. sa. 103thI thayo (4) prasAranuM avaMti ane sArAye uttarache. eTale ke bannenI Adino samaya eka che. chatAM tenA kSetra saurASTra pradeza hiMda prAraMbha thavAnAM kAraNa temaja prAraMbha karanAra vyaktio (5) koNe aMta guptavaMzI aMtima guptavaMzI prathama bhinna bhinna che. eTale darajaje te benI bhinnatA che. A kahevAya rAjAoe rAjAe uparAMta temanI bhinnatAnA be traNa muddA para vizeSa (6) koI zAkhA Izvaradatta Abhira khuda ca9Na mahAche. temane eka, kuzAna saMvatanuM calaNa sArA uttara temAMthI mahAkSatrapanI kSatrapanI hiMdamAM thayela che, jyAre ca9Nazakane pracAra arva nIkaLI che? tinA ane saurASTranA pradezamAM ja che; ane bIje (7) zAkhA nIka- nabaLI sattA khuda rAjAnI muddo tenuM baMdha thavAnA samayane lagato che. kuzAna LavAnuM kAraNa paDavAthI saMmatithI saMvatano aMta guptavaMzI rAjAe I. sa. 280 Asa- (8) aMta I. sa. 423mAM I. sa. 280 ke te bAda lusa AsapAsa pAsamAM ANyo che, jyAre caNakano aMta (cokhkho aMta te nathI ja karyo paNa luptaprAyaH karI nAMkhe che) (9) saMvatanuM 320 varSa : 175 varSa Apyo kahevAya to guptavaMzIe ja paraMtu teno samaya AyuSya (48) jue uparanI TIkA naM. 36, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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206 jayadAmana [ navama khaMDa cakkasAIthI kahI zakAya tevo prabaLa purAvo te hatI ke kema te ja koIne khabara paDatA nahIM. paraMtu nathI ja paraMtu pR. 194mAM ullekha karyA pramANe tenA sikkAnI bAbatamAM vastusthiti judI ja dekhAI pitAnuM maraNa I. sa. 117mAM che. keTalAkanuM mAnavuM ema thAya che ke tenA nAmanA tenI umara nIpajatAM, cakaNa tenI jagyAe sikkAo jaDI AvyA che. paNa tene lagatuM je varNana kSatrapa nImAyo tyAre tenI umara ke. A. re. mAM pR. 117 upara ApyuM che temAMnA lagabhaga 30thI 35 hevAnuM kalpI zakAya che ane lakhANamAM eka vakhata judI ja hakIkata jaNAve che I. sa. 15ranI AsapAsa maraNa pAmyo che eTale tyAre vaLI bIjI vakhata kAMI ora ja sthiti varNave 37 varSa sudhI rAjakIya kSetramAM te jhajhumyo che. ekaMdara che. jyAre te sikkAcitra jotAM vaLI taddana navIna hakItenI umara maraNa samaye lagabhaga 70nI kahI zakAya. kataja jaNAya che. matalaba ke te sikkA jayadAmananA hevA 37 varSanA jIvanamAM prathamanAM 16 varSa kSatrapapadanAM, viSe purI khAtrI ja thatI nathI. chatAM je jayadAmananuM te bAda 10 varSa mahAkSatrapa padanAM ane chellAM 10 nAma thoDuM ghaNuM ItihAsanA pAne caDI gayuM che te varSa rAjApadanAM gaNavAM rahe che. tenA maraNa bAda tene eka be kAraNane laIne banavA pAmyuM hoya ema putra jayadAmana avaMtipati thayo hato ema keTalAka samajAya che. temAM sauthI mukhya kAraNa saurASTramAM saMjogathI kahevuM paDe che. Avela giranAranI taLeTImAMne sudarzana taLAvavALo (3) jayadAmana kahevAte rUdradAmanane lekha che. vidvAnoe temAM ahIM tene nAmAvalimAM rAjA tarIke dAkhala te varNavelI sarva hakIkata rUdradAmanane lagatI hovAnuM kIdho che, paNa tene gaNa ke kema te bahu anizcita TharAvyuM che. eTale tene lIdhe tenI aMdara jaNAvela jevuM dekhAya che, kemake prathama te zilAlekha anesikkAo, dezo upara vijaya paNa rUdradAmanane hisse noMdhyo je aitihAsika banAvanI siddhi nakkI karavA mATenA che. jethI ca9Na ane rUkadAmananI vaccenI badhI prabaLa sAdhana che temAM koI svataMtra zilAlekha, tenA rAjakIya paristhitine 51 meLa besAravAne khAtara nAmane jaDI Avyo dekhAtuM nathI. paraMtu je anya koIka vyakti ubhI karavAnI AvazyakatA jaNAI zilAlekho tenA vaMzanA rAjAonI vaMzAvaLI batAvatA tema uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe zilAlekhamAM caThaNanA maLI AvyA che temAM tenuM nAma Ave che ane tethI putra jayaMdAmananuM rAjya caThaNa ane rUdradAmananI vaccenuM ja te nAmane cakaNane kaI putra ane rUdradAmanano bahu TuMka samayanuM goThavI devAyuM. A yuktine uparanI pitA hatA eTaluM nakkI karAya che. paNa tema TI. naM. 49 varNavelA sikkAthI puSTi maLI gaI na banyuM hota te tenA nAmanI koI vyakti thaI kemake te sikkAomAM caSThavaMzI nRpationA sikkA-. (49) nao uparamAM 5. 181nI TI. naM. 9 tathA tema che. te mATe juo radradAmana rAjya 5. 209nI rIel. 5. 200nI TI. naM. 35. (50) A sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti bAbata keTalIka ke. . . mAM pAMca sikA (jayadAmananA dharAya che. hakakIta pu. 2, pR. 393-37 sudhI varNavI che. vaLI tevA)nuM varNana ApyuM che. emAM tenuM prAptisthAna AgaLa pradAmananA vRttAMte lakhavAmAM Avaze. ApyuM nathI. mAtra ekamAM jaNAvyuM che ke te junAgaDhavALA (51) caNe je prAto meLavyA hatA te rUdradAmanane pAchA revaDa eca. Ara. skeTa tarI maLe che. paNa te kAMI meLavavA paDayA hatA evo prasaMga pharIne ubhe thatuM hoya te prAptisthAna na kahevAya. eTale te uparathI vizeSa anumAna ane artha eja karavuM paDe ke, benI vacce eka rAjA thaye baMdhAya tema nathI. hato ane teNe te gumAvI dIdhA hatA. eTale A pramANe sikA hevAja na joIe tema tenuM rAjya pazu cAlyuM rAjakIya paristhiti temaNe goThavI dIdhI (juo ja. be. jo, na hovuM joIe te temanAja vAkayathI sAbita karI zakAya che, e, se. navI avani 5.3 5 93).

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tRtIya pariSada ]. rUkadAmana 207 emAM maLI AvatI sUrya-caMdranI (Star and A phAnI duniyA choDIne cAlyo gayo hevo joIe. Crescent) nizAnIo paNa najare paDe che. tema te (4) rUdradAmana uparAMta svAmi, mahAkSatrapa Adi birUda paNa che. jyAre caThaNa pachI turata ja gaNe ke, chaeka mAsa zilAlekhomAM mAM jayadAnanuM nAma maLI zake che tyAM sudhI jayadAmananuM rAjaya vacce cAlyuM hatuM tema gaNe; ekamAM paNa te birUda teNe meLavyuM hovAnuM kaI cihyuM paraMtu I. sa. 15ra cappaNasaMvata 49 AzaremAM rUkasarakhuM jaNAtuM nathI. vaLI ca%NavaMzI sikkAno dAmana avaMti pati banavA pAmyo hato. teTalI vAta abhyAsa paNa emaja batAve che ke, je purUSe kevaLa ekarasa che. vaLI tenuM rAjya kara zakamAM I. sa. kSatrapapa6 ja bhagavyuM hoya te pitAnA nAmanA sikkA 1pamAM khatama thayela hovAthI 23 varSa sudhI cAlyuM paDAvI zakato nathI ja. vaLI vizeSa khUbI che e gaNI zakAze. jyAre cANanI umara maraNa samaye che ke, te sikkAmAM nAma ja koinuM nathI. ane nAma nathI 65-70nI hatI te gaNatrIe jayadAmananI Azare eTale koI anya nAmadhArIne te TharAvAya nahIM, paraMtu 50-paranI gaNAze. ane rUdradAmananI gAdIe besatAM sUrya-caMdranI nizAnI che eTale koIne paNa aDacaNamAM 32-35nI lekhAya; te te hisAbe tenuM pitAnuM utAryA sivAya je ekanuM nAma ApI zakAya tevuM AyuSya lagabhaga 57 thI 60 varSanuM thayuM gaNAze. dekhAyuM te mAtra A jayadAmananuM ja. have samajAze ke cakkaNa pote ati vistAravaMta rAjyane dhaNI zilAlekha ane sikkAnA AdhAre tenA astitvanI hatI te ApaNe upara joI gayA chIe ane teno ane rAjakArebAranI ImArata vize je ka95nA vAraso A rUdradamanane maLela hovAthI te te prathamathI ja goThavAI che tenI kharI sthiti ApaNe raju karyA tevaDA moTA ane vizALa pramANe che. eTale AvA kAcA ane saMzayavALA pAyA tenA rAjya pradezano bhUpati tha hatA. eTale upara koI madAra bAMdha te gya lAgatuM nathI. vistAra sAthenI dekhItuM ja che ke, tene temAMnA A kAraNane laine jayadAmananuM gAdIe besavAnuM gerasamajUtio kaI prAMta meLavavA jevuM rahetuM mAre pitAne kabUla nathI; chatAM pR. 199 upara je nahotuM. chatAM sudarzana taLAvanA vidhAna karyuM che ke tenuM rAjya TUMka samayI chaeka mahinAnuM zilAlekhamAM, pUrvIkAravaMti, anUpa, Anarta, surASTra, amuka saMyogomAM nodhI zakAya tevuM che te, upara bha, marU, karacha, siMdhu, sauvIra, kukura, aparAMta ane pramANenA vidvAnonA kathananI vizeSa khAtrI karavA mATe niSAda Adi pradezanI jIta pitAnA zauryavaDe jItyA dvAra udhADAM rahe teTalA mATe che. vizeSa saMzodhananA je ullekha karAyo che te rUdradAmanane phALe zA mATe pariNAme te pramANe je sthiti sAbita thAya to caDAvAtA haze te samajI zakAtuM nathI. A ekaja rAjA caThaNa pachI gAdIe besIne TUMka samayamAM hakIkata sAbita kare che ke, te taLAvanI prazastine tenA maraNa pAmavA mATe vaLI koI akasmAtanuM kAraNa rUdradAmane karela vijaya prAptinI yazagAtA varNavatI kathA kalpavuM paDaze. chatAM atyAre te vize vicAramAM tarIke gaNAvAya tema nathI; chatAM te prazasti vinA utaravAnI jarUra nathI. paraMtu jyAre teNe mAtra kSatra55da koI anya purAvA rUdradAmananI kahevAtI chatame bhogavyAnuM tathA caThaNanA pachI turata rUdradAmana ja samarthana ApanArA jyAre maLatA nathI tyAre saLaMga gAdIpati thayo hovAnuM mAnIe chIe tyAre tenuM itihAsa Alekhana karatAM je sthiti ApaNane upara mRtyu caThaNanA jIvanakALamAM ja thayuM gaNavuM raheze. pramANe siddha thayela najare paDe che tene svIkAra eTale have ema anumAna karavuM raheze ke, jayadAmananuM karI levo ja rahe che. vaLI ApaNI A mAnyatAnA maraNa I. sa. 15rane arasAmAM thayuM hovuM jAIe TekArUpa -athavA te mata uccAravAne te ja prazastimAMthI ane tenA AghAtathI caThaNa paNa TuMka vakhatamAM ja je keTalAka muddA upayogI dekhAyA hatA te upara, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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208 rUdradAmanane [ navama khaMDa vivecana karI pu. 2, pR. 393thI 397mAM tene sAbita meLavela rAjavistAra ane kItimAM upara kahI gayA karavAno prayatna paNa sevyo che. eTale have pharI pramANe teNe vadhAroja karye rAkhe che. te pachI ullekha na karatAM te vAMcI javAnI ja bhalAmaNa cakkaNe je prAMto meLavIne vArasAmAM rUdradamanane karavAmAM Ave che. uparAMta je anya navIna vicAro soMpyA hatA te teNe svaparAkrame meLavI lIdhA hatA, e upalabdha thayA che te jaNAvavAnI to AvazyakatA temanuM kathana che te khoTuM kare che. kadAca temanI dalIla rahe che ja. te nIce pramANe jANavA - ema hoya ke, vacce rUdradAmananA pitA jayadAmanane. - (1) je ke rUdradAmananA guNagAna gAto te zilA rAjaamala TuMka vakhata thaye hato temAM caNe lekha hevAnA vidvAnonA matathI huM chuM huM chuM. meLavela keTalIe bhUmi te gumAvI beThe hato. A (juo pR. 197) chatAM dalIlanI khAtara temano mata sthiti svIkArIe to temanuM kahevuM je che ke abAdhikabUla rAkhIe, te tene 4 abhiprAya tenI tapaNe vRddhi cAlu rahI hatI te kathana khoTuM kare che. virUddha jAya che. kadAca ema kahevAya ke, jayadAmananuM rAjya thayuM ja temanuM kahevuM ema che ke jyArathI rUdradAmana garbhamAM nathI, eTale cANanI zakti jyAM AgaLa aTakI Avyo tyArathI caThaNa pote uttarottara samRddhinI paDI hatI tyAMthI ja rUdradAmane te AgaLa vadhavA ja choLo anubhavavA maLyo hato temaja te pote gAdIe mAMDayuM hatuM. teTalI vAta kharI. paNa temanuM kahevuM te Avyo tyAM sudhI te samRddhi abAdhitapaNe vRddhigata pAchuM ema thAya che ke, jayadAmananA sikkA I. (3) maLyA thayA ja karI hatI. eTale be prazna thAya che. (1) zuM che eTale teNe rAja paNa karyuM che ja, te eka bAju tyAre cAlI AvatI vRddhi tenA gAdIe AvyA bAda kahevuM ke dAmanane rAjya thavA pAmyuM nathI paNa gaI hatI ke tenI kSati thavA mAMDI hatI ? cakaNa pachI lAgala ja rUdradAmana gAdIe beThA che ema te temanuM kahevuM nathI ja thatuM, kemake teo ema ane bIjI ja paLe pAchuM kahevuM ke jayadAmananuM rAjya mAnatA jaNAya che ke teNe pote sva5rAkamathI ane te thayuM che paNa thoDo vakhata cAlIne te baMdha pAya deze jItyA hatA, eTale ke teNe pote te vaMzanI kIrtimAM hatuM. A pramANe temanuM kathana ja vadavyAghAtarUpa che. ume ja karyo che, jethI te praznane avakAza ja nathI chatAM dalIla svIkAre che, jayadAmananuM rAjya chaeka rahe. (2) bIjo prazna e rahyo ke, cAlI AvatI mAsa cAlyuM che. eTale te thayo hato, na hato gaNI vRddhi jyAre aTakI nathI paNa javalaMta banatI le; te teno artha, temane ja kahyA pramANe eTalo cAlu rahI hatI tyAre eTaluM te kharuMjane, ke te pote thAya che ke aneka pradezo, ke jenAM nAma lagabhaga Dajhaneka gAdIe Avyo tyAM sudhIye, caThaNe meLavela kIrtimAM jeTalAM che ane je rUdradAmanane parAkrame pAchaLathI abAdhitapaNe umereja thayA karyo hato paraMtu koI rIte meLavavA paDyA che te sarve dAmane gumAvI dIdhA kSati te AvI ja nathI. A pramANe temane mata hatA. A vAta zuM koI mAnya kare tevI che ke, cha che. tema bIjI bAju eTaluM cokkasa che ke, caThaNane mAsa jeTalI TUMkI avadhimAM AvaDe meTe pradeza i. sa. 117nA arasAmAM kSatrapapade niyukta karavAmAM koI paNa rAjavI laDAI laDayA vinA gumAvI bese? Avyo che, ane te I. sa. 15ramAM maraNa pAmyo je laDAI thavA ja pAmI hoya te-ane jyAM bAra che. eTale tenuM rAjakIya jIvana 35 varasanuM thayuM bAra prAte jevo hArajItane sade thayo hoya tyAMkahevAya. tema rUdradAmana garbhamAM hatA tyArathI tenA kAMI te nAnI sUnI laDAI ke mAtra hAthanI mArAmArI rAjakIya jIvananI zarUAta thayAnuM teo mAne che evuM to na ja hoya? te te meTuM yuddha hoya; te zuM eTale rUdradAmana gAdIe Avyo tyAre 34 ke 35nI ItihAsamAM tenuM yuddha kAMI jaNAyA vinA ja pasAra umarane hatuM ane gAdIe AvyA pachI te ca%Ne thaI gayuM? vaLI jo yuddha thayuM ja hatuM, te pela

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hatIya paricheda ] rAjya vistAra 20 sAme vijetA pakSa cha ja mAsamAM e nabaLo thaI jItanA-bane banAno adhikArI paNa rUdradAmana pAyo ke, jayadAne gumAvela prAMte (are kahone ke nathI ja ema saheje dekhAI jAya che. avaMti paNa gumAvI besela che eTale avaMtinI gAdI vaLI mahAkSatrapa be prakAre thavAyAnuM ApaNane paNu gumAvI beTho hato) upara rUdradAmane adhikAra mAlama paDayuM che (juo pR. 204nuM patraka kalama naM. 7; paNa meLavI lIdhuM ane pAcho avaMtipati paNa banI nekaranA eka prakAra tarIke cakaNu kSatrapane je mahAkSatrapa gayo ? AvA aneka praznonI laMgArane laMgAra ubhI pada apAyuM che temAM haju tenuM parAkrama kAraNarUpa thaI jAya tema che. eTale puravAra thAya che ke, temanuM manAya tema che; paNa eka vAra te avaMtinA maMtavya mULathI ja kheTuM che ane tethI karIne je je rAjApade caDyo ane taddana svataMtra thayo tyArathI tenA dalIla pite thIgaDAM mAravA mATe AgaLa dharI che te vaMzamAMnA darekane, rUdradAmanathI mAMDIne AgaLanA sarvene, badhI aphaLa nIvaDI che. matalaba e thaI ke, ca9Na parAkramathI te pade caDavApaNuM rahetuM ja nathI. pachI te pachI rUdradAmana turata ja gAdIe beThe che, temaja bInasvataMtra prajAvALA TI. naM.42 tathA 44 TAMkelA daSTAMteNe parAkrame bhale mulaka meLavyA haze ane ca9Ne tenI peThe, pote ApoApa ja mahAkSatrapa banI jAya che. pela vArasAmAM umere paNa karyo haze chatAM, zilA- sAra e thayo ke, rUdradAmane uparamAM jaNAvela be lekhamAM jene nAmoccAra thayela che te jamIna to jIta meLavI paNa nathI tema svaparAkramathI mahAkSatrapa teNe meLavI nathI ja paraMtu vArasAmAM maLI hatI. banyo paNa nathI, eTale mahAkSatrapa banavAnA kAraNarUpa (2) ke. . re.mAM eN.resane jaNAvyuM che ke te jIta meLavyAnI mAnyatA paNa vadhAre paDatI gaNAze. (mULa zilAlekhanI paMkti 12mI) He conquered (3) uparanA ja graMthakAra AgaLa jatAM teja the Yaudheyas and twice defeated pustakamAM ja, prazastinI paMkti ne. 12mAM "jhaTa nA Satkarni, the Lord of Dakshinapath, pratiSThAnaHuThI gayelA rAjAone potAnA sthAne He himself acquired the name of punaH besAravAmAM AvyA hatA" AvA je zabdo lakhAyA Mahakshatrap=teNe (rUdradAmane) thayAjhane jItyA che te upara vivecana karatAM potAne abhiprAya jaNAve hatA ane dakSiNanA svAmi zAtakaraNIne be vakhata che keThe reference to his re-installment harAvyo hato. (tethI) teNe mahAkSatrapa pada meLavyuM of deposed kings is indefinite=padabhraSTa hatuM. A temanA utagAre atyAra sudhI cAlI rAjAone pAchI svasthAne niyukta karyAnI hakIkata AvatI rUdradAmane meLavela svaparAkramanI prazaMsA karyAnA saMdigdha-acokkasa che. matalaba ke A kathana temane pariNAme nIkaLyA che. eTale te parAkramanI vAta jyAM bhale anizcita nahIM lAgyuM hoya paNa zaMkAspada te ApaNe uparamAM nirarthaka ane binaAdhAranI jyAre lAgyuM che ja. jayAre kharI hakIkata A prazastimAMnA puravAra karI batAvI che tyAM atra TAMkela-hAra ane vIratAnAM sarva vAkyo, jema mArA mAnavA mujaba (52) jue majakura pustaka pU. 60. gumAvI dIdhA che. Ama vAraMvAra heraphera jAhera karyA (53) chatAM eka vakhata mAne ke mahAkSatra5 pada jema karo tene koI artha khare ke ? mAnyatA cAlI AvI che tema meLavAtuM hoya ane pote jaNAvyuM (54) jue che. A. ke. pR. 120 TI. naM. 1. che tema, he himself acquired the name of Ma. (55) jue pu. 2, pR. 393thI AgaLanuM varNana, hakshatrap hoya te pachI jayadAmane paNa mahAkSatrapa pada sadana taLAvane lagatuM pariziJ ; temAM evA vicAra te lIdhuM cheja (temanA kahevA pramANe ja) eTale teNe paNa darzAvyA che ke, yazogAna karatAM je vizeSaNe tenI prazaktimahAparAkrama batAvI aneka. mulaka chatyA kahI zakAyaja: mAM jaNAvAyAM che te sarve samagra rIte samrATa priyadarzinatyAre bIjI bAju vaLI teoja kahe che ke teNe to mulako ne ja lAgu paDatAM che, nahIM ke 1dradAmanane, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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rUdradAmanane [ navama khaMDa priyadarzina samrATane lAgu paDanArAM che tema A [TIpaNa-lipinI sarakhAmaNI karIne bhinnatA pratiSThAna karyAne jarA paNa tene ja phALe caDAvAya che je darzAvI che tethI mAruM kahevuM ema nathI ke rUdradAmane che. A hakIkata priyadarzine kotarela koI zilAlekhamAM te prazasti kotarAvelI nathI. prazasti te teNe ja joke dekhAtI nathI ja paraMtu tenA eTale saMpratirAjAnAM tirAvI che.pa8 paNa tenA samayanI lipi na vAparatAM, jIvanacaritra je jaina sAhityarUpe bahAra paDayAM che A prazastimAM anya prathAe ja kAma lIdhe gayo che temAM tene ullekha karAyela che ja. te kAMI khAsa mudo haze ke? vaLI A khaDaka upara (4)vaLI AgaLa jatAMA prazastinI lipinA jema samudragupta judIja bAjue pitAnI prazasti aMge teja vidvAna jaNAve che ke-In contrast to lakhAvI che tema rUdradAmane kAM na karyuM? paraMtu samrATa the strictly classical Sanskrit of the priyadazine lekha kotarAvyo che teja bAju upara ane Gimnar inscription, Rudradaman's coin 4916151 ye adlo 0119141 314814910 si 912194? legends, like the Brahmi legends of koI javAba Ape ke, samudraguptane lekha ketarAvyA Nahapan, and indeed most of the coin 48 hos floret ov341 1181 Ral 314 orell legends of the Western Kshatrapas rUdradAmane priyadarzinanA zilAlekhavALI bAjuno upayoga are in a sort of mixed language karyo haze. pratyuttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, pahele rUdradAmana which may be described either as thayo che ke samudragupta samudraguptanA samaye phAjala Sanskrit with Prakrit or as Prakrit jagyA hatI te tenI pUrve thayela rUdradAmanane zuM te with Sanskrit features=giranAra zilAlekhanI jagyA vAparavAne kAMI pratibaMdha hato ke te jagyA zuddha saMskArI saMskRta lipinI tulanAmAM, nahapANanA tenI najare dekhAI ja nahIM hoya? kadAca ema dalIla lekhanI) lipi brAhmI che ane pazcimanA kSatrapanA karAya ke uparamAM eka bAju rUdradAmananA zilAlekhanI lagabhaga sarva zikAonI lipi evI mizrIta prakAranI lipine jaNAvo che, bIjI bAju tenI sAthe carkhaNanA che ke jene saMskRta mizraprAkRta ke prAkRtamizra saMskRta sikkAnI sarakhAmaNI kare che te vyAjabI nathI. kahI zakAya. eTale ke rUdradAmananI kahevAtI prazastinI bannemAM zilAlekhanI ja vAta karavI joItI hatI. lipi temanA mata pramANe zuddha saMskRta che; nahapANanA mATe te pramANe batAvela bhinnatA amAre mAnya nathI. zilAlekha brAhmImAM che jyAre pazcima kSatranA sarva A temanI dalIla paNa samajAtI nathI. kemake, je sikkAnI lipi 57mizritalipinI che. matalaba kahevAnI lipi sikkAnI hoya teja sAmAnya rIte zilAlekhanI ke A traNe vastu, lipinI daSTie vicAratAM eka hoya che te sarva koine sAmAnya anubhava che. vaLI bIjAthI bhinna paDI jatI kahI zakAya tema che. pu. ramAM mAro hetu A bhinnatA darzAvavAmAM te prazasti pR. 396 dalIla 5 mAM A prakAranI ja vigata kAMIka rUdradAmananI nathI evuM batAvavAnuM nathI. je te daraje me varNavI batAvI che. pramANe mAre Azaya heta to temanI dalIla vajanadAra (56) juo majakura pustaka pu. 12 pAri. 1. pramANe meM lakhyA che tene artha ja thaI jAya che. paraMtu (57) A kathanathI nahapANu ane cappaNu bane nadI te zabdo sudhArIne, have ahI lakhyA pramANe vAMcavA ja ana che ema sAbita thaze. ApaNe te mATenI carcA rahe che. 5. 3mAM tathA A pustake mR. 19thI AgaLamAM karI che temAM (59) lagabhaga zabda eTalA mATe lakhavo paDe che ke A muddAnI paNa noMdha levI rahe che. giranAra zilAlekhanA ane A lekhanA aMtamAM jarA (58) pu. 2. 5. 396, dalIla pAMcamImAM zabdo je jarA kera dekhAya che.

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tRtIya paricacheda ] rAjya vistAra kahevAta. mAre hetu te prazasti katarAvanAranA Azaya AvI ke tene ADIavaLI vaNI karIne, rUdradAmananA paratvene bheda batAvavA pUrata mukhyatAo che. je jIvanane baMdhabesatI karI devAmAM AvI che. paraMtu mAtra lipinI sarakhAmaNI ja karavI hoya to tene tema karavA jatAM kevI phajetI thaI jAya che tene vaMzanA rUdrasiMha, rUdrasena ItyAdinA are kahone ke khuda khyAla rakhAyo nathI. sthiti ema thaI che ke, rUdradAmananA ja anya zilAlekho kyAM nathI ke bIja kaherI nAmanA gAme eka zilAlekha che. tenuM varNana ADAMavaLAM phAMphAM mAravA doDavuM paDe? tenA vaMzanA mi. resane ke. A. re.mAM pArigrApha naM. 57mAM A zilAlekha saMbaMdhI thoDIka hakIkata AgaLa upara "zilAlekha naM. 17 karI " tarIke ApyuM che. "temane dharma vALA pArigrAphamAM Avaze.) te zilAlekhamAM keTalAka aspaSTa zabdo che ke jeno (5) uparanI naM. ranI dalIlamAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, bhAvArtha besAravAnuM sAmAnya rIte kaThina ja che. paNa and twice defeated Satkarni, the Lord upara jaNAvyA pramANe badhuM cokaThuM besatuM karavAne of the Dakshinapath=dakSiNapathanA svAmIne- teno artha ema karavAmAM Avyo che ke, kAradamaka zAtakaraNIne be vakhata harAvyo hata; ATalA zabda rAjAnA kuTuMbamAMthI utarI AvelI kaIka kanyA che pachI prazastimAM lakhAyuM che ke on account te rUdradAmananI putrI thatI hatI. ane tene dakSiNuMof the nearness of their connection, pathanA rAjA zAtakaraNIne paraNAvavAmAM AvI hatI. did not destroy him=temanI vaccenA saMbaMdhane vicAro ke, jene kAradamaka rAjAnA kuTuMbamAMthI utarI lIdhe, tene mArI nAkhyo nahIM. Ano artha ema Avela kanyA tarIke oLakhAvAya che, te kanyA karavAmAM Ave che ke, rUdradAmane dakSiNupathanA rAjA kAradamakanI putrI kahevAya ke rUdradAmananI? kAradamaka evA sAtakaraNIne be vakhata harAvyo hato, paraMtu te ane rUdradAmanane gotra, kuLa, jAti, vaMza Adi kAI tene najIkano sago thatuM hovAthI jIvato javA dIdhe jAtano saMbaMdha khare? athavA koI ThekANe tevuM jaNAyuM hato. A najIkanA sagAnuM sagapaNuM eTale dIkarInI hoya to kAM tene havAlo na apAya? vAta ema che levaDadevaDa thayAnuM lakhyuM che. temAMya pAchI khUbI ke jyAM vAtane meLa ja nahIM tyAM hakIkata raju e gaNAI che ke, rUdradAmana pote jItanAra pakSa hovA chatAM, karavI zI rIte? matalaba e che ke, kaherIne lekha to tenI dIkarI sAtakaraNIne paraNAvI hatI evuM vidhAna sAce che; paNa teno je pramANe artha karAyo che. thayuM che. prathama najare te e ja vyavahAra virUddha ane rUkadAmana tathA zAtakaraNInA prasaMge goThavAyA dekhAya che ke, je jIte te hAranAranI putrI lya, ke che te sarva khoTuM che. kemake prazastinI hakIkta rUjItanAra hoya te hAranArane Ape? chatAM dhAro ke dAmanane lagatI nathI. kharI hakIkata te ema che ke cAlatA AvelA vyavahArathI uparavaTa jaIne kaI prazastimAM je zAtakaraNIne ullekha che te dakSiNaagamya kAraNane laIne jItanAre hAranAra vere potAnI pathanA rAjAne be vAra priyadarzine harAvyo hate chatAM putrI paraNAvI (athavA te, hAranAra zAtakaraNanI jIvate javA dIdhuM che tenuM kAraNa ke tenI bahenane putrI ja jItanAra rUdradAmane lagnamAM lIdhI hatI, te pite para hatA. A be vaccenI bIjI vakhatanI paNuM te pramANene banAva banavo te joIe ja ne? je laDAI thaI che te pelA mazahura thayela zailItenI siddhi mATe prazastinI hakIktane saMbaMdha na hovA chatAM jAgauDAvALA priyadarzinanA zilAlekhamAM pitAnA paNa, eka zilAlekhamAM tenA jevI ekAda hakIkata maLI rAjyAbhiSeka pachI navamA varSe kaliMgamAM laDAI ane (1) juo nIcenI TIna, 13. (10) juo prazastinI paMkti na. 9 (e. I. 5.8 5. 47mAM teno anuvAda karela che te),

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212 rUdradAmanane [ navama khaMDa chata thayA vize lakhAyuM che te samajavI. A samaye najare caDI Ave che te raju karavA vicAra thayo che. dakSiNApathanA sAtakaraNIne tAbe kaligadeza paNa hato anya prajAjana je kAMI sAmAjIka hakIkata pragaTa tethI te kaligapati paNa kahevAto hato ane tenI karAve che te paNa kaMIka zista ke niyamane vatIne ja sAthenuM te yuddha hatuM. A banAva i. sa. pU. 280-1ne lakhAvate heya ema mAnavuM paDe che. tyAre rAjA ke che. (A badhuM varNana pu. 5mAM aMdhapationAM varNanamAM samrATa jevo puruSa je kAMI katarAve te te vaLI Avaze. ahIM te mAtra samajavA puratI UDatI neMdha ja vizeSapaNe saMgaThitapaNe ane kAIka paddhatipUrvaka ja karI che). jyAre kaherInI prazastimAM je kAradamaka ane karate heya eTalI te prAraMbhika sthiti ApaNe zAtakaraNanI vAta karAI che te vaLI bIjA koI zAtakara- svIkAravI ja paDaze. NIne lagatI ja che. te lekha te rAjA hAlanAme oLakhAtA have ApaNe majakura prazastimAM akhatyAra karelI zAlivAhana zAtakaraNanI rANIe karAvela che ane hAla paddhatine vicAra karIe. AkhI prazasti 20 paMktimAM zAtakaraNanuM gAdIpati tarIkenuM eka nAma pulumAvI zAli pUrI karela che. temAMnI prathama seLa truTita avavAhana paNa hatuM. tenI traNamAMthI eka rANI A kAradamaka sthAmAM che ane chellI cAra abhaMga che. te vize rAjAnI putrI hatI ane te kAradamakane yuddhamAM epIgrAphikA inDikA pu. 8mAM je samagra hakIkata jItI laIne, tenI putrI pote paraNyo hato. A pramANe pro. kI haine utArI che temaNe neMdha karI che ke, hakIkata che. 13 teno samaya i. sa. pU. 20-25nI samasta lakhANa 1900 iMcanuM che temAMthI truTita AsapAsano che te hakIkata paNa ApaNe pu. 5 mAM bhAga ra75 IMcane, eTale ke lagabhaga & jeTalo che. varNavavAnI che. atre te vastusthiti samajavA puratI A uparathI te 16 lITImAMthI keTale bhAga khovAI sidhaja ApI che. matalaba ke banane hakIkatamAM gayo che tene kAMIka khyAla vAcakavargane Ave zAtakaraNIne saMbaMdha che paNa be banA vacce aDhIse majakura 16 lITImAMnI 1-2mAM sudarzana taLAvanA pijtraNaso varSanuM aMtara che. chatAM ajJAtapaNAne sthAnanuM varNana che. 3-4-5 mAM caSThaNanA patra lIdhe te vAtane rUdradAmana je A banAva pachI base rUdradAmane 7ra nA mArgazIrSa kRSNapratipadAe samarAvyAnI varSe thayuM che tenI sAthe joDIne ora prakArane ja hakIkata che. 6-7mAM temAMnI be nadIonuM-suvarNasikatA vaLI chabaraDe vALI naMkhAya che. A sarva vivecanathI ane palAsInI tathA urpata (uyaMta = giranAra) jaNAze ke rUdradAmana sAthe je hakIkata prazastimAM parvatanuM varNana che. 8 mAM prathama tene mairya caMdraguptanA nedhelI joDI batAvavAmAM Ave che te yathArtha nathI. samaye baMdhAvAyAnI ane te bAda maurya azokanA samaye (6) uparanI pAMca dalIlamAM te prazastimAM samAvAyAnI hakIkata ApI che. 9 thI 11mAM je varNavelI hakIkatene aMge ApaNane je cAlatI hakIkate gerasamajUti ubhI karI che tene ullekha che. mAnyatAnI viruddha lAgyuM hatuM tenuM ja vivaraNa AnuM varNana tathA khulAsA meM pu 2. pR. 394-5 mAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. jyAre ahIM te prazasti lakhavAnI karyA che. paraMtu atra te samajavAnuM saheluM thaI paDe prathA-paddhati uparathI maMtavyanI virUddha je sthiti mATe TUMkamAM jaNAvI dauM chuM - (12) jema bhUmi upara rAjasattAnI phera badalI aneka mATe A pustakamAM pR.19-20 tathA tenI TIkA naM. 22 jue. vakhata thayA kare che tema A kaliMgadeza upara paNa thavA pAmyuM eTale ke zAtavaMzIo amuka samaye kaliMgapati paNa hatA. hatuM. atra varNavAyale temane eka samaya che. tema eka bIje (63) jue che. A. re. mAM naM. 17 kanDerInA teja prasaMga yugapurANamAM noMdhAyAnuM nIkaLe che. di. bA. zilAlekhanuM varNana, kezavalAlabhAI dhruva sAhebe tene lagatuM varNana buddhiprakAza (14) jIo te pustakamAM 5, 37nI che jethI mAM 5, 7, 5. 88 thI 102mAM karyuM che. jenA utArA patio, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paccheida ] 44 44 . ' (a) ' vistRta...(NA) ' AgarbhAta prabhRtya ' avihita samudita rAjalakSmI ' = 'jyArathI te ' garbhamAM AvyA tyArathI rAjyaRddhimAM abAdhitapaNe * vRddhi thayA karI hatI. (A) ' raNasaMgrAma sivAya "prANAnte paNa manuSya vadhu na karavA tevI pratijJA " teNe lIdhI hatI ' (I) * pUrva tathA pazcima " AkarAvati, anUpadeza, Anarta, surASTra, zvabhra, * marU, kaccha, siMdhu, sauvIra, kukura, aparAMta, niSAda Adi deze| teNe potAnA bAhubaLethI jItI lIdhAnI hakIkata che." te khAda 44 . " pati 12mAM yaudheyane ane dakSiNApathanA svAmine jItyAnI, ane padabhraSTa thayela rAjAne punaHsthApita karyAnI hakIkata che. 13-14 mAM te rAjAnI prazasti gAtI hakIkata Alekhela che. 15mImAM mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmananuM nAma Ave che. temaja dharmanimitte aneka prakAre teNe dAna ApyAnI hakIkata che. tathA 16thI20mAM tUTela baMdha samarAvyAnuM tathA tenA suvizAkha nAmanA amaladAre te kevI muzIbate pAra utAryuM I. I. hakIkata che ane chevaTe te amaladAranI prazaMsA karela che. 44 rAjya vistAra upara pramANe sthiti varNavelI che. have jo tenuM pRthakkaraNa karavAmAM Avaze te spaSTa thaze ke, prazasti kAtarAvanAra mukhya purUSa je rUdradAmana che tene lagatI eLakhANa tathA sudarzana taLAvanuM varNana prathamanI 17 pratimAM apAI gayuM che. pachI te taLAvane lagatA tathA samarAvAyAnA pUrvabhUta itihAsa apAyA che. pachI nanAmA rAjAnI jItanuM ane zauryanuM varNana che. ane chevaTe kAnA samaye ane kAnA hukamathI ane fA mATe A kArya karyuM tenA ullekha karIne rUdradAmana rAjye suvizAkha sUkSmAe kAma pAra utAryAnI hakIkata che. have vicArI ke rUdradAmananI eLakha ApyAnuM kArya 1 thI 7 mAM patI gayA pachI pharIne pAchuM ApavuM bAkI rahe kharUM? ane dhArA ke khAkI rahyuM hAya, teApaNu te cha pachInI paMktimAM turata ja Ave OM airyavaMzI caMdragupta, aze|ka vi. nI hakIkata vacce Ave ane te bAda vaLI pAchI rUdradAmananI hakIkata Ave? tema saiAthI chevaTe teNe peAtAnA amaladAra vigerenI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 13 eALakha te ApI ja che. eTale cAlu zistanA vicAra jo karavAmAM Ave teA emaja kahevuM paDaze ke, (1) te paMktie kAM tA azeAkanI ja kIrti gAnArI hAya (2) athavA teA truTita lAInanA meLa besArI zakAya tevA kAi nanAmA rAjananA jIvana sAthe saMkalita karatA khanAvAnI hAramALA ApatuM te varNana heAya (3) athavA tevA varNanavALA rAjAnI sAthe tulanA karatAM pote rUdradAmananI sthiti A pramANe che ema karIne paMkti 16-20nuM anusaMdhAna joDI devAyuM hAya. A traNa sthitimAMthI kaI hAi zake te zodhavuM rahe. ApaNane jyAM sudhI ItihAsa zIkhavI rahyo che tyAM sudhI chAtI The|kIne kahI zakIe tema che ke, te azAkane lagatuM varNana nathI ja, kemake ( sAmenA kAlame a, A ane I ) tarIke varNavelI eka paNa sthiti tene sparzatI ja nathI. tema khIjI ane trIjI sthitinebannene-vicAra kare| / ye te eka ja vyaktinuM nAma ApavAmAM pariNamaze; kemake te evA rAjAnuM varNana joie ke je rAjAnI tulanAmAM ubhA rahevA jevI sthitimAM rUdradAmana peAtAne gaNatA hAya ! A pramANe vicAra karatAM te banne sthitinuM pariNAma te eka ja prakAranuM AvyuM gaNAze. tyAre te rAjA krANu hAi zake eTaluM ja vicAravuM rahe che. tenI zeAdha karatAM jyAre temAM mairyavaMzI rAjA caMdraguptanuM nAma prathama mUkayuM che, pachI azAkanuM nAma spaSTa karyuM che ane tyArapachI te rAjAnuM varNana Ave che. eTale azAka pachI je krAi maryavaMzI rAjA AvatA hAya tenuM varNana heAvA saMbhava che ke nahIM? ane hAya tA te kayA rAjA DAI zake ? teTaluM ja vicAravuM rahe che. mairyavaMzI rAjAnI vicAra karatAM te azAka pachI lAgalA ja mahAparAkramI jo kAi thayA hoya to te samrATa priyadarzina Ave che ane te bAda te te vaMzanI paDatI thaI gai che. te paDatI vALA rAjAomAM tA kAIne ( A, A, 4 )nI hakIkata lAgu paDatI hAvAnuM vicAravuM te hakIkata, akkalanI mazkarI karAvavA jevI ja kahI zakAze, te pachI eTaluM ja vicAravuM rahe che ke zuM te badhI prazaMsAmaya gAthA priyadarzanana www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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214 lAgu paDe che ke kema ? have te ApaNe tenA jIvananI dareka hakIkatathI saMpUrNapaNe vAka thaI gayA chIe eTale hiMmatapUrvaka kahevA jevI sthitimAM paNa chIe ke te sarva khInA tenA jIvanane zabdezabda lAgu paDe che, eTaluM ja nahIM paNa te ja pramANe tenuM jIvana ghaDAyuM dekhAyuM che. (jIe pu. 2 mAM tenuM varNana tathA sudarzana taLAvanA pariziSTa 7 mAM Apela te khulAsAnuM varNana pR. 393 thI 397 sudhI) eTale niHsaMdeha che ke te sarve varNana priyadarzinane ja lagatuM che. mAtra, je akSarA bhU'sAI gayA che temAM kayAMka tenA nAmane lagatA akSarA kAtarAyalA haze ja paraMtu pAchaLathI aneka kAraNeAthI dhAre| ke adazya thayA haze athavA vikalpe tenuM nAma kotarAyaluM ja nahAya teA ye tene khulAse paNa, ApaNe upara noMdhela pR. 395mAM karI batAvyA che, eTale game te sthiti kalpIne, cAre bAjuthI vicAra karIzuM tApaNu ekane eka ja javAba AvIne ubhe rahe che ke te sarva bAbatane saMtaSakAraka ukela samrATa priyadarzinanuM nAma gAThavavAthI ja maLI rahe che. are chevaTa ema paNa kahI zakAze ke, 8 mI paMktithI mAMDI 15 mI paMktie rUdradAmananuM pAchuM je nAma Ave che tyAMsudhInuM sadhaLuM varNana kAi anya vyaktinI prazaMsAne lagatuM che. paraMtu rUdradAmanane AzrayIne lakhAyaluM nathI ja. (7) vaLI saiAthI meATI khUkhI kahA ke zaMkA upajAvanArI khInA kaheA te e che ke, pAte jyAre meLavelI jItanuM varNana sArI duniyAne jaNAvavA beThe| che, tyAre khIjAM dezAnAM nAmeA teNe jAhera karI dIdhAM ane dakSiNa dezanuM nAmaja kema rahevA dIdhuM ? kemake teNe pote ja kahyuM che ke, dakSiNApathanA rAnnane be vakhata harAjyeA che ane jIvatA javA dIdhA che. eTale ke te banAva te| A prazasti krAtarAvavAmAM AvI te pUrve rUdradAmanA (65) A mudde pUjya IMdravijayasUri mahArAje pote racelI samrATa azekane lagatI pustikAmAM uThAyeA che. (16) jue pu. 2. pR. 393 kaoNlama khIntu, paMkti 27, tathA pR. 394 kelama paheluM pati pa. (17) yAna rAkharo ke sAra zabda me lakhyuM che Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDa keTalAya kALe banI gayeA che; tema A nAmAvalI je teNe rajI karI che te paNa bhUtakALamAM jItelA dezeAnI ja che. vaLI e khanAvane pAte kAMi nAkhI devA jevA paNa nathI gaNatA. kemake te vAta teNe bhArapUrvaka ane meTI mahattvanI hoya ema judI varNavI batAvI che. uparanI sarve dalIlAnA vivecanathI vAcakavargane khAtrI thaze ke prazastimAM je vigatei rAjyavistArane lagatI varNavavAmAM AvI che te rUdradAmananA varatejanI darzakatA nathI ja. (8) kreine ema prazna udabhave ke, bhale atyAra sudhInI cAlI AvelI mAnyatA khATI che, paNa pratipakSI tarIke tame je dalIla lAvyA che| ke, prephesara pITarasana kRta "bhAvanagara sTeTanA saMskRta ane prAcIna zilAlekheA" nAmanA pustakamAM A taLAvanI prazastine je anuvAda bahAra paDayA che tenA AdhAra laIne tame lakhyuM che ke te taLAva samarAvavAmAM priyadarzine paNa kALA ApyA che. te hakIkata majakura pustaka jotAM kayAMya mAlUma paDatI nathIja; mATe tamArI dalIla vajuda vinAnI chekha. tenA uttaramAM jaNAvavAnuM ke, prathama te meM tevuM vidhAnaja karela nathI. meM lakhela zabdo A pramANe che. " AmAM, pre|. pITarasana sAhebanA maMtavyanA sAra17 ema che ke A taLavi prathama samrATa caMdraguptanA samayamAM viSNugupte baMdhAyuM hatuM, ane eneA krUratA kAMThe samrATa azeAkanA vakhatamAM tupasa athavA tuSpa nAmanA amaladAre prathama vAra samarAjyeA hateA; jyAre khIja vAranuM samArakAma priyadarzinanA samaye karavAmAM AvyuM che......( te khAda khe pakti mUkIne)..... alabatta pITarasAhebane abhiprAya cokhkhA zabdamAM mahArAjA priyadarzinanI tarapheNamAM darzAvela tA nathIja pazu te nahIM ke temanA rAkhkho A pramANe hovAnuM lakhyuM che. temanA asala rAbdI tarIke je jaNAvAya te vastu paNa judI ane tenA sAra kahI batAvavA te vastu paNa judI kahevAya. sAranI javA badArI lekhakane zIre Ave che, ane asala zabdonI javA badArI jenA te zabdo hoya te dhaNIne zIre naya che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vatIya paricheda ] rAjya vistAra matalabane bhAvArtha8 nIkaLate saheja tarI Ave che te joIe. eTale te pramANe pu. 2 pR. 300 upara te kharematalaba ke pITarasana sAhebanuM Amaja hakIkata meM jAhera karI che temaja te pustakanA aMte matavya che evuM nizcayAtmaka kathana temanA nAme karyuM ja joDela, sudarzana taLAvanA pariziSTamAM paNa te prakAranI nathI; ulaTuM meM to AgaLa jatAM te upara pAchuM vivecana hakIkata jaNAvI che. tyAMnA lakhANamAM kAMI samaja phera karyuM che (juo teja pRSTha kalama 2 paMkti 18) ke, thatI hoya te tene A pramANe sudhArIne have vAMcavuM. "uparanI AThamI paMktimAM mauryavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta A pramANe dalIla karavAmAM mAro Azaya e che ane te bAda samrATa azoka paratve ullekha karela che ke, mauryavaMzI A rAjakIya sUtradhArone saMbaMdha joDI ane pachI jagyA khAlI AvI che eTale svAbhAvika taLAvanI prazastino je mukhya bhAga lakhAya che te priyache ke, eka pachI eka gAdie AvanAranuM-rasamrATanuM- dazina saMbaMdhI hakIkata jAhera karanAra hoI zake eTaluM varNana karavAno ziraste hAIne samrATa azoka pachI batAvavAno che ane tema sAbita thAya te, prazastino yaza tenI gAdIe AvanArane ja lagatuM te khyAna hAI rUdradAmanane lAgu pADI zakAya nahIM te ApoApa zake." i. che. eTale ke mArA maMtavyanA kathananI siddha thaI jAya. te vicArane haju huM vaLagI rahuM chuM. javAbadArI keAInA zIre na nAMkhatA meM mAtra vive. tethI atra khulAsArUpe A vivecana karyuM samajavuM. cana karyuM che. [TIppaNa--have spaSTa thAya che ke, A jyAre samrATa caMdragupta ane azoke potapotAnA prazaritanA lakhANane je artha karAyo che tethI aneka sUbA mAraphata taLAvanA kAryamAM bhAga Apyo che anartho thavA pAmyA che. vAta ema che ke, A tyAre A priyadarzine paNa pitAnA saurASTranA sUbA prazastinuM vAcana ane ukela bahAra paDI gayAne ghaNuM mAraphata paNa, phALo kAM pUrAvyo na hoya ? ema prazna ghaNAM varSo thaI gayAM che. te samaye tene anuvAda ubho thAya ja. vaLI gujarAta varnAkyulara sosAITInA pramANabhUta gaNAya haze. paraMtu te pachI aneka navIna buddhiprakAza nAme mAsikamAM pu. 76 pR. 92 paMkti zodhe bahAra paDI che te tene sAra paNa temAM 9 mAM divAna bahAdura kezavalAlabhAI dhruvasAhebe yuga- Ama ja tha joIe ja. tenuM eka ja daSTAMta ApIza. purANanA AdhAre vivecana karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke epIgrAphika inDikAmAM pragaTa thayela hakIkatamAM kayAMya "zAlizuka sairASTranI prajAne raMjADI jena gacchone priyadarzinanuM ke zAlizukanuM nAma ja AvatuM nathI, mukhe meTAbhAI saMpratinI (jenuM bIjuM nAma priya- tema azokanuM nAma levAyA pachInI paMktimAM koI darzine hevAnuM, tathA A priyadarzina ane zAlizuka anyane lagatI hakIkata havA vize zaMkA paNa uThAvAI banne bhAIo-sahodara-thatA hovAnuM ApaNe paNa nathI. tyAre bhAvanagaranA zilAlekha jotAM che. pITarapu. 2mAM sAbita karI cUkyA chIe) khyAti baDhAvI sanane zaMkA uddabhavyAne bhAsa nIkaLe che. game tema jainadharmane digvijaya pravartAvaze evI bhaviSyavANI ho, paNa have jyAre aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAo che." A badhI hakIkata joDIne evA maMtavya upara bahAra AvavA pAmI che tyAre te prazasti karIne AvavuM thayuM ke, priyadarzinanA sUbA tarIke zAlizuke saMzodhana mAge che ja.]. paNa A taLAvanA samArakAmamAM bhAga bhajavyo A pramANe aneka gerasamajUtio sudarzana taLA vaLI nIcenI TIka naM. 68 sarakhAvo. (19) uparanI TI. naM. 65 mAM nirdiSTa pU. A. ma. (68) A be lITI vAMcI janArane khAtrI thaze ke, zrI iMdravijayasUrijInuM khAsa dhyAna A mArA TIpaNuM pITarasana sAhebanuM kaheluM Amaja che evA rUpamAM mAruM upara doravuM rahe che. kAraNa ke teozrI A viSayamAM khUba kathana ja nathI. vaLI uparanI TIkA naM. 67 sAthe sarakhAvo. rasa laI rahyA hoya ema samajAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bIjI muzkelIonA tathA 216 tranI prazastinA khATA artha thai javAthI rUdradAmananA aMgeja mAtra ubhI thavA pAmI mIjI paNa thayela che ema nathI, paNa samrATa priya gerasamajUtie darzinane aMge paNa thaI che. tathA temanA dharma. tevIja rIte aMpatine paNa keTalAka anyAya devAI gayA che. dAla te rUdradAmanane prasaMga hatA eTale tene lagatuMja vivecana hAtha dharyuM hatuM. rAjya vistAra sivAyanI gerasamajUti je vaLI dekhAI che te have jaNAvIe mukhya aMze te temanA dharmane aMgeja che, paraMtu te temaNe kAtarAvela zilAlekhamAMthIja udbhavela dekhAya che. eTale tenuM varNana sAthe sAthe karI laie. mULa kuzAnavaMzI rAjAonA dharma vizenI carcA lakhatI vakhate sAbita karavAmAM AvyuM che ke temane dharma jaina hatA paNa vAsudeva pahelA e (samaya i. sa. 198 thI 236) te dharmanuM parivartana karyuM hatuM. tenA rAjyanA prAraMbhathIja ke AgaLa jatAM te parivartana thavA pAmyuM hatuM te bahu agatyanA prazna nathI. paraMtu eTaluM kharUM ke kaniSka khIjAnA rAja amalanA aMta AvyA tyAM sudhI te tee jaina hatAja, vidvAneAnA hAthe aneka ThekANe jema banavA pAmyuM che tema, A kuzAna vaMzIone paNa bauddhadharmI TharAvI devAyA che. je hakIkata tyAM AgaLa purAvA ApI sAbita karAI gai che. tema caSaNa vaMzanI prajA paNa A kuzAna vaMzaneja maLatI che evuM kahI gayA chIe; uparAMta caNu vaMzanA uddabhavatA rAjA vAsudevanA samaya pUrve thaI gayAnuM noMdhAyuM che. eTale anumAna karI zakIe ke, caNa vaMzIonA dharma paNa jainaja hatA. A anumAnane samana ApanArI hakIkatA temanA zilAlekhA tathA sikkAemAMthI vipula pramANamAM maLI Ave che. (70) jue te pustakamAM temanu varNIna; atra te temanI TUMka noMdhaja ApIzuM. na. 38 junAgaDhanA, rUdradAmanane mAzI kRSNa pratipadAnI mitine, naM. 39 guMdAnA-rUdrasiMha pahelAnA vaizAkha suda patnI mitinA. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ navama khaMDha sikkAonI sAkSI khAtamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke jema anyavaMzI rAjAoe peAtAnAM dhArmika cihna amuka prakAre rAkhyAM che ane kAtarAvyAM che, tema AmaNe je cihno rAkhyAM che te, sUryacaMdra ( Star and Crescent ) I. che. (jumme pu. 2 mAM pR. 100 upara sikkAcitra 42 tathA pu. 3 mAM pR. 402 sikkA citra naM. 102) te cihnonI saMpUrNa samajUti te te ThekANe ApaNe ApI paNa che. atra ApaNe eTaluMja jaNAvavAnuM ke teo jaina dharmanuyAyI hatA e hakIkata jema tyAM AgaLa pUravAra karI batAvAI che tema ahIM paNa mAnya rAkhavI. have zilAlekha paratve jaNAvIe. e vAta prasiddha che ke, AvA lekhA kAtarAvanAra prathamanA AraMbhamAMja, pe!te je dharmatA hAya tenuM je kAi lAGgIka cihna hAya che tene maMgaLasUcaka gaNIne zubha kAryoMmAM maMgaLAcaraNu tarIke tenA ullekha karI de che, temAM paNa khAsa karIne jo te kArya potAnA dharma paratvenuM haiya tAtA tene anivAya' paNa lekhe che. te niyamAnusAra jo caNavaMzIoe kAtarAvelA lekhAnuM nirIkSaNa karIzuM te "name| sistuM' kahIne zarUAta karelI dekhAze ane itihAsavidezane e hakIkata jANItIja che ke, A prArthanAsUcaka zabdo peAtAnA iSTadevane namaskAra karIne AraMbha karavAnI rIta mAtra jaina dharmIomeja te samaye vAparI che, eTale sikkAcitrA uparathI dArela ApaNA anumAna majabUta thaye| gaNAze. vizeSamAM kahevAnuM ke, temanA aneka zilAlekhA pragaTa thayA haze; paraMtu repsana sAze temanA ke!. AM. re. pustakamAM pR. pa thI 62 sudhI naM. 38,39,40,41 ane 42 AMka bharIne pAMca zilAlekhonuM. je varNana karyuM che te sarve jo kharAbara dhyAnapUrvaka vAMcIzuM tA jaNAze ke te sarvemAM krAIne kAI prakAre dAna karyAnuM ke naM. 40 junAgaDhanA rUdrasiMha pahelAnA naM. 41 mulezvara-mulavAsaranA rUdrasena pahelAnA, vaizAkha kRSNe paMcamIne. naM. 42 jasadaNaneA, rUdrasena pahelAnA ane bhAdrapada kRSNa pAMcamAne. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] amuka dharmakArya-jene sAmAjIka paNa lekhI zakAya-- preryonAMja ullekha najare paDe che. krAimAMthI rAjakIya hetu sAdhya thAya tevuM kAMIja mAlama paDatuM nathI. alabatta upara varNavAi gayela naM. 38nA junAgaDhavALA sudarzana taLAvanA lekha che ane temAM aneka jIteAnuM varNana che kharUM paraMtu jo bArIkAithI tapAsIzuM te mAlUma thaze ke, te khInA te lekha AtarAvavAmAM heturUpa nathI. tAtkAlika hetu tA taLAvane baMdha je tUTI gayA hatA tenI sudharAi ane marAmata vizeneA khyAla ApavAneja dekhAya che. jyAre deza vigere jItyAnuM je varNana che te teA kAtarAvanAranI prazastirUpa che, nahIM ke temaNe te sthAne vijaya prApta karyA hatA tethI tenA cihnarUpe te lekha kAtarAvAyA hoya. tethIja prA. rUpsane TIkA karatAM peAtAnA abhiprAya jaNAvela che ke, Its immediate object is to record the reparation in the reign of the Mahakshatrap Rudradaman of the dam of the Sudarshan lake, which had burst during a violent storm tenA (lekhAtaranAranA ) tAtkAlika uddeza te mahAkSatrapa rUdradAmananA rAjaamale sudarzana taLAvamA baMdha samarAmmAnI mAMdha karavA pUratA ja che, ke je baMdha pracaMDa tAkAnane lIdhe tUTI gayA hatA. matalabaM ke temAM rAjakAraNanI kAMi gaMdha sarakhuM ye jAvuM nathI; jyAre naM. 40 nA lekha bAbatamAM te potAnA abhiprAya spaSTapaNe jaNAvatAM kahe che ke,71 "The purport of the inscription cannot be ascertained; but it is probably jain in character and it contains the ancient praznonA karelA nikAla name of Junagadh (Girinagar)=lekhane azaya cAkksa thaI zakatA nathI paraMtu tenI zailI mukhyatA jaineAnI che ane temAM junAgaDha (girinagara)ranA purANA nAmanA ullekha krarAyala Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ha che.' A badhAM vivecanathI khAtrI thaze ke kAtarAva nArane hetu kAI prakAre rAjakIya nathI ja paraMtu pAte karela dharmakAryAMne prajAsamakSa dharavAnA che; jethI prajAe kevAM kRtyA karavAM joIe tema ja svadharmAM baMdhue pratye peAtAnI kevI karajo che tenuM temane bhAna thAya. tAtparyaMta e thaye! ke sarva zikSAlekhA, prAcIna samaye je lakhAvAtA hatA te sarvAze-- athavA mukhyAMza--dhArmika banAvanA pratIka tarIke ja samajavAnA che. rAjakIya banAve! sAthe temanA saMbaMdha ja hAtA nathI. kemake prAcIna samaye rAjAone peAtAnA dharma pratye jeTaluM bahumAna hatuM teTaluM kAi cIja pratye nahAtuM ja. A khAbata upara pu. 2 mAM sikkA prakaraNa lakhatI vakhate paNa bhArapUrvaka jaNAvAyuM che ane tethI ja ApaNe paNa A pustakamAM dareke dareka vaMzanA rAjAnuM rAjadvArI jIvana pUrNa thaye temanA dharma vISe paNa isArA karavAnA tarIkeA pAye gayA chIe. vaLI A khAkhatanI khAtrI karavI Aya to samrATa priyadarzinane ubhA karAvelA sarva lekhA-- khaDakaeNlekhA, staMbhalekhA,--dhumaTA (Stupas) pracaMDa kAya mUrtio I. I.--jIe, teA te sarve paNa mA AvAM dharmakAryAM ke dharmanAM tIrtha-dhAmA sAthe je saMbaMdha dharAvatAM ApaNane najare paDaze. tevI ja rIte junAgaDhanA ujjayaMta (prazasti pakti 5 mAM uryaMta) parvatanI taLeTImAM A sudarzana taLAyanI prazasti je kAtarAvAi che tene paNa dhArmika kRtya sAthe ja saMbaMdha che, nahIM ke rAjakAraNanA khanAva sAthe. A prakAranA vivecanathI paNa vAcakavargane have khAtrI thaze ke, sudarzana taLAvanI prazastimAM kAI rAjA-rUdradAmananuM ke priyadarzinanuM-laDAInuM ke bhUmiprAptinuM varNana che ja nahIM. eTale A prathAthI ajJAta evA ApaNA vidvAneAe A taLAvanA lekhane rAjakIya prasaMga sAthe guMthIte, je anumAna bAMdhI batAvyA che te pazu vAstavika nathI ema samajAze; te mATe caMdrasunna (71) jIe te pustakamAM pR. 61, (72) A zabda vizenI vadhAre mAhitI AgaLanA pAztriAmAM jI. R www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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218 jaina dharmanAM [ navama khaMDa mau sarASTramAM A taLAva baMdhAvyAnA pagalAne, paNa kALanI eka balihArI ja kahevAya. paraMtu sudarzana tyAMnA kheDUtone khetIkAryamAM taLAvanuM pANuM upayogI taLAva te ujavaMta parvatanI taLeTImAM ja AveluM thAya te hetu AgaLa dharI maurya samrATenI vasulAtI hatuM tenI IdhANI tenA zilAlekhanA sthAnathI nakkI prakaraNanA eka aMga tarIke varNavyuM che te paNa yathArtha karI zakAya che. eTale samajavuM thAya che ke, prAcIna nathI9. (A banAvonuM varNana AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM samaye giranAra parvata, jyAM sudarzana taLAvanI pALe karavAnuM che te juo) jethI samajI zakAya tevuM che ubhe karela A rUdradAmanano ane priyadarzinane ke, je varNana rAjakIya hetu dhyAnamAM rAkhIne karAyuM zilAlekha atyAre potAnuM astitva pikArI rahyo heya te ulaTA mArge vAcakane kheMcI laI jAya che. che tyAM sudhI laMbAyo haze ane A zilAlekhavALI ane tethI ja rUdradAmanane lagatI gerasamajUtio jagyA te girirAjanI taLeTI ja haze. vaLI hiMduubhI thavA pAmI che ema gaNI levuM. sarvane sAra zAstro temaja jainazAstro, tIrthasthaLa evA parvatanI eTalo ja thayo lekha ke, caThaNuvaMzI nRpatio taLeTIne paNa khuda tIrthasthaLa jeTaluM ja mahatva arpa jainadhamAM hatA ane sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti paNa che. eTale ke dareka tIrthanA parvatane ane tenI taLeTIne temanA eka dharmakAryano ullekha ja mAtra raju kare che. eka sarakhAM pavitra mAnIne ja temanA anuyAyIo - jyAre prasaMga ubho thayo che tyAre atra jena- te sthAna tarapha pitAno bhakitabhAva darzAve che tathA dharmane aMge-temanAM tIrthasthAne vize-kAMIka kAMIka tIrthasthAna tarIke tenAM darzane vAraMvAra sagavaDa sAMpaDe jaNAvI devuM ucIta jaNAya che. te pramANe AvyA kare che. vaLI ApaNe pu. 2 mAM jaina dharmanAM tIrtha. temAMthI paNa itihAsane jANavA- bhairyavaMzI samrATonA dharma vize vivecana karatAM jaNAvI sthaLo egya vastu prApta thatI dekhAze ja. gayA chIe ke teo sarvemAtra samrATa azokavardhane chatAM jemane dharma zabdanI sUga dharmaparivartana karyuM te sivAya-jainadharmI ja hatA; lAgatI hoya athavA te jainadharmanI mahatvatA sAMbhaLIne eTaluM ja nahIM paNuM, caMdragupta jevAe te rAjapATa tenI bhUrakInI lahera lAgI javAthI bhaThaka ubhI thatI choDI daIne te dharmanA sAdhu tarIkenI jIMdagI svIkArI heya teo A pArigrAphane vAMcavAnuM choDI daIne lIdhI hatI. paraMtu te sthitie pahoMcyo te pUrve paNa khuzIthI AgaLa vadhI zake che. teNe ghaNAM dharmakAryo karyA hatAM, jenA purAvAmAM tene che. rasane naM. 40nA zilAlekha upara vivecana ApaNe avaMti pradezamAM AvI rahela jaina dharmanA karatAM (juo uparamAM pR. 217) jaNAvyuM che ke stUpa-sAMcI stUpa tarIke je atyAre oLakhAya It contains the ancient name of che ane je pradezamAM lagabhaga cha Dajhana jeTalA nAnA Junagadh (Girinagar) temAM junAgaDhanA moTA stUpe AvI rahela hevAthI jene stUpa pradeza purANuM nAma-girinagarano ullekha karela che. eTale tarIke paNa oLakhAvI zakAya che te sarve pa-pratye ke jene hAla junAgaDha kahevAya che tenuM mULa nAma pitAne bhaktibhAva darzAvavA mATe, dIpakanI alagAra girinagara hatuM. A uparathI samajAya che ke, junAgaDha pragaTAvavA rUA. cAlIsa hajAranuM dAna deto nIhALI navIna nAma hevA chatAM tene hAla to jIrNadurga zakIe chIe. A pradezanuM mahAbhya zuM che, zA mATe kahevAya che, jyAre girinagara=giri eTale parvatanI che ane tene ItihAsa zuM che te sarva hakIkta khINamAM Avela evuM nagara, te hetupUrvaka racAyela ApaNe pu. 1mAM sAMcInagara, vidizA nagarI, besanAma hovA chatAM vartamAnakALe adazya thayuM che. te nagara tathA jillA te cArenA hevAla tarIke temaja (73) A hakIkta ApaNe 5.2 pR. 84mAM ThIkaThIka rIte batAvI ApI che. temAMthI saTIka vAMcI javA bhalAmaNa che.

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tRtIya parida ] tIrtha sthaLanI samajUti 219 ujainInI mahatvatA raju karatA varNanamAM ThIka ThIka tIrthoe AvatA tathA puNya upArjana mATe sAdharmika cItarI batAvI che. eTale jema teNe jainadharmanA baMdhunA zreyasAthe vividha prakAranAM aneka dharmakAryo A eka mahatvapUrNa, gauravavaMtA ane ati pavitra karI jatA. tethI ja A prakAranAM kAryo cakkaNuvaMzI gaNutA tIrthasthaLa tarapha pitAnI jAnaphezAnI karI rAjAonA hAthe karAyAnA ullekha upara jaNAvela batAvI che, tema A girinagare-giranAra parvatanI- zilAlekha naM. 38 thI 4ramAM ApaNe vAMcI rahyA yAtrAe ramAvI pitAne kRtapuNya mAnya hoya te chIe. te pachI e vicAravuM rahe che ke, uparanA temAM navAI paNa kayAM che ! ane e dekhItuM ja che pAMca zilAlekhamAM batAvela sthAne zA mATe jainake, jema priyadarzina pote svadharmI baMdhuone saMdha dharmanAM tIrthasthaLo gaNAyA che? pAMcamAMthI be te kADhIne ( juo pu. 2 pR. 382 nuM varNana) tyAM junAgaDha zaheranAM che. eka guMdAno (je kAThiyAvADanA yAtrAe Avyo hato tema mauryavaMzI Adya samrATa hAlAra prAMtamAM AveluM gAma che ) eka mulavAsarano. caMdragupta paNa tyAM Avyo hoya; tathA saMghano mukAma (je kAThiyAvADanA okhA maMDaLamAM Avela gAma che) girirAjanI taLeTIe rAkhyo hoya te paNa banavA yogya tathA eka jasadaNane (kAThiyAvADanI madhyamAM ceTija che. temaja AvI yAtrA nimitte AvatA yAtrALu- lAnA DuMgaramAM AveluM che); AmAMnuM junAgaDha te. nI tAtkAlika jarUriyAta tarIke AvaDuM moTuM (tenA atyAre paNa jainadharmanA tIrthasthaLa tarIke jANItuM ja kSetraphaLa mATe TIpaNa naM. 75mAM juo) taLAva je che. jasadaNa te coTIlA parvatanI taLATImAM AveluM na baMdhAvAya te muzkelIo paNa ubhI thAya te che. tyAM AgaLa ANaMdapura nAme eka gAmaDuM Avela samajI zakAya tevI bAbata che. A saghaLA vive che. jene mULarAja solaMkIne samayamAM ANaMdapuracanano sAra e thayo ke rAjAo saMgha kADhIne tIrtha. vardhamAnapura tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM; kemake dhAmanI yAtrAe AvatA hatA. eTale jyAM AvAM te sthAna upara te samaye vaddhamAnapuranA rAjA dhruvadhArmika smArake najare paDe tyAM prAcIna samaye senanI ANa hatI eTale kAThiyAvADamAM ja AvelA tIrthasthAna hatAM ema samajI levuM. ANaMdapara nAmanAM traNa sthaLanI oLakha ApavAmAM jema mauryavaMzI samrATo jainadhamAM hatA. tema arasaparasa gUMcavADa na thaI jAya, te mATe te caThaNu vaMzIo paNa teja dharmanA anuyAyI hatA te vizeSaNa joDAyuM hatuM. A sarva hakIkata haDALA tAmraApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe. teo paNa pitAnA paTane AdhAre meM sAbita karI ApI che. A AtmAne pApamukta karI pavitra thavA mATe A ANaMdapura gAme eka samaye jainanA mukhya tIrtha. (74) juo. pu. 1, mAM cahadamA (14) avaMtinA pradezanuM deep, all the water escaped=420 kayubITa lAMbo varNana; temAM aneka ThekANe karelA TATA isArAe, teTalo ja paheALA ane 75 kayubITa uDe cIro paDayo pArigrApha tathA TIkAo. hovAthI sadhaLuM pANI jatuM rahyuM hatuM. AmAM eka kayubITa (5) e. IM. . 8 pR. 46 paMDita 11mAM te vakhate eTale pa thI 2 phuTa gaNAya che. eTale te cIrAnuM mApa te taLAvamAM paDela cirADanuM mApa ApyuM che (nIce jIo) Azare 800 kaTa lAMbu * 800 phITa paheluM x ane 150 ke jemAM thaIne saghaLuM pANI vahI gayuM hatuM. jyAre te rITa UDuM gaNAvyuM. phATatuTa- cirADanI vAtathI ja paNa ApaNe daMga thaI (76) jue che. e. pu. 12 julAI 1883 5, 190 jaie tema che, te pachI AkhA taLAvanuM kSetraphaLa to keTaluMye (77) jaina dharmaprakAza nAmanuM bhAvanagarathI prasiddha thaI jAya te vAdavivAda karavo karatAM kalpI levuM ja joie. thatuM mAsika saM. 1985 aMka 5, zrAvaNamAsa 5. 111-74 tenuM mApa temaNe ApyuM che -By a breach 420 gu. va. se. nuM buddhiprakAza 1934, 5, 318 thI 22 cubits long, just as many broad and 75 cubits muMbainuM sAptAhika "dhI gujarAtI '1937

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: - ra0. cakaNu saMvatanA [ navama khaMDa sthAna gaNAtA zatruMjaya-vimaLagiri-parvatanI taLeTI to evAM joDAyelAM che, je atyArasudhInI cAlI Avela hatI.78 eTale jema giranAra parvata A vimaLa- Avela mAnyatA pramANe gaNAtAM hovAthI itihAsanA girinI eka TUMka-zaMga hovAthI tene yAtrAnuM sthaLa adhyayanamAM goTALo ubho kare che. eTale tene gaNAvAyuM che tema coTIlAnuM A ANaMdapura paNa tIrtha kharekhara je khyAla ApI devAya te AgaLa AvatA dhAma ja gaNAtuM hatuM. teTalA mATe caThaNuvaMzI bhupALo ItihAsanA banAno samaya nizcayapUrvaka goThavavAmAM tyAM AvyA jaNAya che. guMdA ane mulavAsaranI saraLatA paDI jAya. sAthe sAthe ApaNe je nirNaya bAM pavitratA mATe mane pUrI mAhitI nathI eTale sama- che tenI vAstavikatA paNa puravAra thaI jAya. uparAMta jAvI zakate nathI. paNa sUcanA jarUra karI zakAya ke je keTalIka truTione ukela Avate dekhAtuM nathI mulavAsara pAse uparokta vimalagirinA 108 te najare paDatAM, itihAsanI saLaMga ImArata ubhI zRMgamAMnA koIkanuM sthAna haze; jyAre okhAmaMDaLamAM thaI jAya che. AvAM aitihAsika to te aneka che. Avela guMdA gAma, zrIkRSNa ane temanA pitrAI ane haze, paNa mArgadarzaka thaI paDe mATe daSTAMtarUpe zrIneminAthanA jIvana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatuM kAMIka temAMnA ATheka nIce pramANe raju karuM chuM. sthAna haze.00 (1) brAtadAmanane samaya 211-17 sudhIne 83 A pAMca sthAna uparAMta rAjA rudradAmanA gaNAyo che, ane tene harAvIne guptavaMzI samrATa caMdragupta nAmane kacchanA aMdhAu gAme eka zilAlekha maLI pahelAe pitAne gupta saMvatsara gatimAM mUke che. eTale Avyo che temAM sAlane AMka para (bAvana) che. tathA te samayathI ca%NavaMzIonA hAthamAMthI avaMtinI tenI hakIkata paNa dhArmika kArya karyA vizenI che. A gAdI cAlI gaI kahevAya. te bAda teo tyAMthI khasone sthAna bhadrAvatI nagarI-athavA bhadrezvara nAmanuM atI pAsenA pradezamAM cAlyA gayA hatA. A banAvane prAcIna jainatIrtha gaNAya che tenI sAthe saMbaMdha samaya I. sa. 319 gaNavAmAM Avyo che. uparanA dharAvatuM hoya ema dIse che. 217 cakkaNa zakane I. sa. nA aMkamAM pheravatAM varNavavA dhArela prathamanA cAre rAjAnAM vRttAMta (tenI rIta mATe juo pR. 102) I. sa. 319 atra pUrAM thAya che. paraMtu eka muddo temanA zakanI AvI raheze ja. Adine samaya, je ApaNe (2) bhAdAmana pachI gAdIpati tarIke vizvasena caThaNu saMvatanA I. sa. 103ne sAbita karyo (216-rara6); rUddhasiMha bIjo (227-239) ane TharAvela samayanI che tenI satyatA puravAra karI yazodAmana bIje (239-254); A pramANe te traNanAM satyatAnA purAvA Apa rahI jAya che. te che ke mAtra nAma jaNAyAM che te bAda vaLI seLa varSasudhI ApaNI TharAvela maryAdAnI bahAra eTale 270 sudhI zuM sthiti hatI, keNa gAdIe hatuM jate dekhAya che, paraMtu te sAthe anya etihAsika I. te paNa kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. matalaba ke (78) e ja, dha. prakAza saM. 1985no vaizAkha ane 79mAM saMkela sarva lekhAmAM keTalAMka sthAna vize. @AmAsano aMka naM. 2 pR. 58 thI 73 tathA amadAvAdanuM chavAyuM vivecana karyuM che. haju ghaNAye mudA temAM bAkI che. "jaina jAgRti' mAsika saM. 1988 pR. 1 aMka 3 5. koI vakhata te viSaya vaLI hAtha dharI levAze. 83 thI AgaLa. (8) juo kembrija zairTa hisTarI opha inDiyA pU. 82 (79) Akho zatrujya-vimalagiri-parvata kevaDo te, (2) A gAmanA ulekha mATe juo 5.1 5. 170 tenAM zikharo kema chuTAM paDayAM I. hakIkatanI carcA mATe juo TI. naM. 55 " jana jAgRti 'ne TI, naM. 78 mAM TAMkela aMka. (83) jue, pR. 191 upara Apela cakaNavAnuM (80) carcAnA prasaMge upasthita thatAM na, 77, 8 vaMzavasa.

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tIya pariSacheda ] samayanI satyatA ra16 thI 270 sudhInA 54 varSanA gALAmAM, phAve 414 thI 456)=42 varSanuM che. te pachI samudraguptanuM te teo avaMtipatinA khaMDiyA ke kSatrapa tarIke rahyA (456thI 480 sudhI) 24 varSa cAlyuM che. A banne hoya ke kadAca cheDeka Aghe jaI, nAne mulaka meLavIne te bAhubaLI hatA. temanA rAjya guptavaMzI sAmrAjya upara teo pitAne amala calAvatA rahyA hoya ema ucca zikhare pahoMcI gayuM hatuM. paraMtu te bAda dekhAya che. daramyAna avaMtipati tarIke, guptavaMzI kumAragupta bIja pAcho nabaLo rAjA nIvaDyo. eTale caMdragupta pahelAnI tathA samudraguptanI samrATa tarIke tenA vakhatamAM guptavaMzanI paDatI thavI zarU thaI gaI pAka ugratAthI vAgI rahI hatI. paraMtu samudraguptanuM che. kyAre thaI tene AMkaDe nizcitapaNe kahI zakAte maraNa i. sa. 374 (athavA caMNa saMvata 271) nathI, paraMtu nIcenA naM. 5 mAM jaNAvelI paristhitithI mAM thatAM. caMdragupta bIjo Avyo tyAre caMNuvaMzanA kAMIka anumAna te karI zakAya che ja. koI avazeSa-svAmI rUdrasena trIjAe-pAchuM mahAkSatrapa (5) samajAya che ke gupta sAmrAjyanA traNa pada dhAraNa karI, AsapAsane mulaka bathAvI pADI bhAgalA paDI gayA che. kumAraguptane gAdIe AvyAne jora pakaDayuM lAge che, kemake teNe pAchA sikkA paDA- paMdareka varSa thayAM haze teTalAmAM, jema anya paradezIo vivAnuM cAlu karyuM dekhAya che. taduparAMta A svAmi rasena paMjAbane raste hiMdamAM utarI AvyA hatA tema, hUNu trIjAnA sikkA upara, caMdragupta bIjAnA rAjyA- nAmanI prajA temanA saradAra toramANunI AgevAnI rAhaSNunI je I. sa. 374 caMNazaka 271 che nIce dhasI AvI ane pazcima tathA madhyahiMdano bhAga te ja nAnAmAM nAne AMkaDe prasiddha thayo che. kabaje karI avaMtimAM pesI gaI85 tene samaya (3) svAmi rUkasena trIjA bAda, svAmi padadhArI I. sa. 490nI AsapAsane nedhI zakAze. tethI bIjA traNa rAjAo thayA che, ane temane samaya 271thI guptavaMzI nabaLA kumAragupta avaMtithI nAzI gaye a11 gaNAya che. (meTAmAM meTe AMka 31 x che; ane sneha kAraNe ke sagAM thatAM hoya tethI, paraMtu je pazu nI jagyAe 1 hevo joIe) eTale ke parihAra jAtinA rAjapUta kanojanI AsapAsa vasI svAmi padadhArI rAjAonuM rAjya 40 varSa cAlyuM rahyA hatA, temanA AzrayataLe vasI rahyo. A rAjache. daramyAna caMdragupta bIje, je kAMIka nabaLo rAjA pUe te sevA badala, uttarahiMdano gupta sAmrAjya thayo hato, ane jenA samaye A svAmi rAjAonI bhAga meLavyo ane pitAnuM rAjya jamAvyuM te utpatti thavA pAmI che tenuM maraNa I. sa. 13mAM rAjyavALAnI gAdI kane jamAM sthApavAmAM AvI hatI thatAM, kamAragupta nAme mahAparAkramI narapati Avyo. ke jenA vaMzamAM uttarahiMdane prakhyAta samrATa harSavardhana teNe to AvatAM veta ja, bIjA varSe ja, i. sa. 414= thayo che. A vaMzanI utpattine samaya . sa. 510 cachaNaka 311mAM svAmirAjAne ukheDI nAMkhyA kahI zakAya. upara pramANe be bhAga thaI gayA. jyAre ane te vaMzano aMta ANI dIdho. eTale ja svAmi saurASTra ane gujarAta taraphane sAmrAjayane je bhAga rAjAnA sikkA paNa maLatA nathI, tema te vaMzanI bAkI rahI gayo che, guptavaMzI samrATanA bhaTTArakeanya koI vyakti paNa dekhAtI nathI, sainyapatie kabaje karI tyAM pitAnuM rAjya sthApyuM (4) A kumAragupta pahelAnuM rAjya (I. sa. ane valabhIpuramAM gAdI karI. tene samaya paNa (84) A uparathI samajAya che ke, mahAkSatrapa karatAM svAminuM pada nIcuM lAge che vaLI juo pu. 3 pR. 197 TI. na. 14mAM meM kareluM TIpaNuM). (85) teTalA mATe luNavAnI nAmAvaLI A pramANe goThavI zakAzeH (1) teramANa I. sa. 400 thI 50=20 (2) mihirakula (saMdara) pa0 thI 53323 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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222 cakaNa saMvatanA | [ navama khaMDa taramANanI caDAIvALo I. sa. 490ne ke ekAda tathA agni sAkSIe pratijJA lIdhI. jemAMthI agnibe varSa pAchaLano noMdhI zakAya. A pramANe gupta phUlIya rAjapUtonI cAra zAkhA uddabhavI.-A sarva sAmrAjya traNa vibhAge vaheMcAI gayuM che. rAjapUtoe ekatrita banI yuddha AdaryuM ane mihirakula (6) traNamAMthI vallabhIvaMzanA rAjAone itihAsa tathA tenI AkhIye dUNa prajAne nAza karI nAkhyo te prasiddha thaI cUkyo che, dUNaprajAnuM zuM thayuM te jethI ItihAsane pAne pharIne temanuM darzana adazya thavA mATe nIcenI kalama naM. 7 juo. jyAre kanejavALA pAmyuM che. A yuddhanI keTalIka hakIkatanuM varNana pu. 3. bhUpALomAM samrATa harSavardhana mahAparAkramI thayo hato. pR. 390-91 upara ApaNe karI paNa batAvyuM che. paNa te nirvaza gujarI javAthI, tenI gAdI tenI (2) caSThaNa vazIonuM rAjya pUra jozamAM cAlI bahenanA vaMzamAM gaI hatI. tenA banevInuM nAma rahyuM hatuM, tyAre vacce (juo pR. 191 upara temanI gRtavarmana hatuM, te maukharI jAtane (samajAya che ke vaMzAvaLI, temAM jyAre AThamA dAmasena ane navamA teo magadhanA saMghojInI eka zAkhA hoya che, kadAca yazodAmana vacce keTalI ye nAmadhArI vyaktio thaI gaI mauryakSatriyanI peTAzAkhA paNa hoya) kSatriya hato. che tyAre) zake 158 thI 161 sudhI I. sa. 261thI gRhavarmanane putra bhogavarmana ane teno putra yazovarmana 264 nA traNa varSanA gALAmAM Abhira jAtine thayo. A yazovarmananA tathA tenA putra AmadevanA samaye Izvaradatta nAme temano subo thayo hato tene godAvarI siddhasena divAkara, bappabhaTTasUri, vApatirAja Adi mukha AgaLanA pradeza upara hakumata calAvavA no vidvAna thaI gayAnuM 7 ApaNe jANI cUkyA chIe. hato. te pitAnA uparI rAjakartAonI nabaLAIno A yazovarmana bahu parAkramI thayo hato tethI vikrama- lAbha laIne svataMtra banyo hato tathA teNe mahAkSatrapapada dityanuM birUda tene maLyuM hatuM. I. I. dhAraNa karI pitAno vaMza calAvyo hato. jo ke A (7) naM. 6 nI dalIlavALA taramANe avaMtipati Abhira rAjAo bahu prakAzitapaNe bahAra AvyA banyA pachI, tathA tenA maraNa bAda tenA putra dekhAtA nathI, kemake temanA uparIo avaMtipati mihira kule, pitAnA tAbAnI AkhI prajA upara tarIke jIvatA jAgatA beThA hatA ja. paNa guptavaMzIjeTale banyo teTalo trAsa ane julama vartAvyo onI chevaTanI sattA pAchI jyAre kumAragupta bIjAnA hate. gAmo luMTI karIne bALI nAMkhI ujajaDa samaye nabaLI paDI ke, te samayane je Abhirapati banAvyAM hatAM tathA akathanIya damana calALe gayA dharasena hatuM teNe gAdInA sthAna uparathI saiphUTaka hatA; je uparathI prajAe saMgaThita thaIne 8 I. sa. vaMzanuM nAma dhAraNa karI, vizeSa svataMtrapaNe rAjya 531-3 mAM Abu parvata upara maMtranuM calAvI lma karavA mAMDayuM hatuM. A sarva hakIkata pu. 3 pR. 375 thI karanArI rAjasattAne sAmano karavAno niradhAra karyo 384 sudhImAM jaNAvI devAI che. (81) vaMzanI nAmAvaLI mATe pu. 1 pR. 187nI (89) A cAra zAkhAnAM nAma tathA tene lagatI TIkAmAM juo. tathA temane lagatI anya hakIkta mATe keTalIka bIjI hakIkata vize pu. 3 pR. 390 kI. 5. 3 pR. 31 ane te pAnA uparanI TI. naM. 25 juo. naM. 22 juo. (87) juo pu. 3 pR. 72 tathA 22 ahIMthI rAjapUtonI utpatti thayAnuM nodhI zakAze. (8) sAmAnya ApattikA, prajAe Apasa ApasanA samajAya che ke atyAra sudhI je kArya kSatriyavarga upADI sarva bhedabhAva bhUlI jaIne tathA saMgaThita banIne, trAsa rahyo hato te kAryanI suprata-havethI prajA rakSaNanI cekI vartAvatI sattA sAme kevI rIte jhajhumavuM paDe che ane pariNAme karavAnA prathAnI svazIre upADI levAnI pratijJA agninI tene kevI rIte varAya che tene A eka haNAMta samajavo. sAkSIe A rAjapUtavarge karI lIdhI hatI.

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hatIya paricheda ] samayanI rAtyatA 223 upara pramANe uttara ane madhya hiMdanuM prakhara A chellA pArigrAphanI ATha kalamamAM ApaNe zaktizALI ane jenuM nAma sAMbhaLatAM paNa duzmanone aneka navAM tattavo jAhera karyA che tathA cAlu hiMdI kaMpArI chUTatI hatI tevuM avaMtinuM sAmrAjya I. sa. itihAsamAM tuTatI sAMkaLe kayAM AgaLa sAMdhI zakAya pAMcamI sadInA aMte veravikhera thaI javA pAmyuM tema che te pArva saMkSiptamAM jaNAvI dIdhuM che. vaLI hatuM. te eTale sudhI ke te samaya bAda "avaMtinuM kuzanavaMza ane rASaNavezane lagatI aneka hakIkata sAmrAjaya" evA zabdo ItihAsamAMthI bhUMsAI ja temanA vRttAMtamAM banatI kozISathI purAvA tathA gayA kahevAze, matalaba ke pUrvanA magadha sAmrAjya jema dalIla ApIne sAbita karI ApI che. eTale bhAratIya mauryakSatriyanI sattAno aMDe chelle upADIne. pachI ItihAsanA aMdhakAramaya gaNAtA kUTa praznono temAMthI koinI svataMtratA kabUla rAkhI nathI, tema A avaMti ukela je nIkaLI Avaze te mAro prayatna saphaLa sAmrAjya paNa guptavaMzI samrATanI ekachatrI sattA thayela mAnIza. pheMkI dIdhA pachI bIjA koI samartha ane svataMtra dareka pustakanA aMtamAM saMpurNa mAhitI sAthe rAjyanI cUMsarIne bhAra vahana karyo nathI. sAmrAjyane samayAvaLI goThavAya che, tema A pustakamAM paNa karavAnI badale nAnAM zaktizALI rAjyanA zAsana A bane te che ja. paraMtu A navama khaMDanuM pariNAma turatA jarUra bhagavyAM che kharAM, paraMtu sAmrAjya tarIkenI turata najare laI zakAya te mATe tevI eka saMkSipta temanI mahattA je hatI te te gaI te gaI ja. samayAvaLI nIce utArI che. i. sa. 127 31thI 71 kaDaphasIjha pahele 128 71thI 103 kaDaphasI bIjo 131 10thI 126 kaniSka pahele 132 103thI 117 kSatrapa potika 132 103 kuzAna saMvatanI sthApanA kaniSka pahelAe karI 105 cakaNakanI sthApanA I. sa. 143mAM 132-142 ca9Ne pote karI che. paNa tene AraMbha pitAnA pitA kSatrapa Samatike jyArathI 132-14ra rAjasattA prahaNa karI tyArathI gaNyo che 106 . sAranAthane zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka 136 pahelAna) 112 mathurAna , (saMdarana) 142 111-7 kSatrapa daSamotikanuM maraNa thatAM, te pada upara tene putra chaNa nImAyo 117-132 caSaNanuM kSatrapapada 142 mANikyAlane zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka pahelA) 142 126-32 vasiSka-vaSka-juSka 14-15ra IsApurano zilAlekha(rAjA vasiSThane) kaniSka bIjAne janma sAMcIne zilAlekha(rAjA vAsikano) mathurAne zilAlekha (sadarane) caThaNu kSatrapane mahAkSatrapapade caDAvavAmAM Avyo (jo vAsiSkanA maraNa samaye thaye heya te) ca4NunA mahAkSatrapa padano samaya (rAjA kazAna bIjAnI sagIra vayamAM) kuzAna bIjAnI sagIrAvasthAmAM. rAjA haviSka ejaMTa tarIke mathurAno zilAlekha (huviSkane sAdA rAjakartAnA padayukta) kaniSka bIjAne rAjyAbhiSeka thayo tathA te samaye mahAkSatrapa cappaNane svataMtratAnI bakSIsa maLI kaniSka bIjAnI sAthe cakkaNanI mUrti nIkaLI che tene nirmANa kALa caSThaNa avaMtipati banya caThaNa; avaMtinA rAjA tarIke 121 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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214 142-198 144 145 152 152 152-175 keTalIka samayAvanI kaniSka khIjo mathurApati tarIke ArAnA zilAlekha (kaniSka khIjAne, mahArAjAdhirAja pada yukta) caNe aMdhrapatine harAvIne tuMgabhadrA sudhI haThAvI mUkayA caoSNunuM maraNu-jayadAmana mahAkSatrapa(?) jayadAmananuM maraNu (?) rUdradAmana mahAkSatrapa banyA rUdradAmana mahAkSatrapanuM rAjya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 154 163 199-236 236-282 282 [ navama khaMDa vartukane zilAlekha (mahArAjAdhirAja hRviSNuno ) mathurAno zilAlekha ( sadarane ) vAsudeva pahelAno rAjyakALa kuzAnavaMzanA sAta aMtima rAjAone rAjavahIvaTa guptavaMzanA AdyapurUSe kuzAna vaMzane aMta ANyo tathA pAte mathurApati anyA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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29 dakSi Na hiMda dazama khaMDa 2 5 00Yuan Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat Wan www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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: - - - - - - - - - - - 6 za ma khaMDa - nAnA prathama pariccheda cedI vazanI upatti tathA vibhAga (1) kSemarAja (2) vRddhirAja nA kAkA mAmA dvitIya pariccheda (3) khAravela; bhikhurAja, dharmarAja tRtIya paricacheda (khAravela cAlu) hAthIguphAne zilAlekha caturtha pariccheda (khAvela cAlu) mahAvijaya prAsAda ane jagannAthapurInI mUrtio - - - - - - - mamatA pAnAmAnya nAnA- paMcama paricheda (khAravela cAlu) (4) vakragrIva (5) mayuradhvaja cedI vaMzane aMta ...... ...... Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- - = = "" -. , - - ric $i prathama pariracheda te cedivaMza TUMkasAra-cedideza-pustaka pahelAmAM Apela varNanane saMkSipta sAra ApI atrenA vivecana sAthe joDI Apela anusaMdhAna-cedi nAmane (deza tathA vaMza bane ) paraspara saMbaMdha tathA temanI utpattinI ApelI samaja--rodi nAma nathI keI dezanuM, jJAtinuM ke sthAnanuM, chatAM te nAma kema astitvamAM AvyuM tenAM Apela anumAne-cedi vaMzanA traNa vibhAgone Apela khyAla-cedi dezanI sImAnuM Apela varNana-karakaDa mahArAjAnA maraNathI mAMDIne rAjA kSemarAjanA rAjyAraMbha sudhInI kaliMga dezanI rAjakIya paristhitine Apela citAra- (1) kSemarAja-tenA vaMzanI Apela samAja tathA mahAmelavAhana sAthe joDI batAvela kuTuMba saMbaMdha-tenAM umara, rAjyakALa tathA rAjya vistAranI karela carcA- tenA pATanagaranuM batAvela sthAna tathA tenI pherabadalI sAthe tenA dharmanI prabhAvikatAne batAvela saMbaMdha-naMdivardhane kaliMga upara caDhAI karI hatI tene hetu rAjakIya ke dhArmika, tenI karela carcA (2) vRddhirAja tenuM jIvanavRttAMta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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18 pUrva nivedana mAthe uThAvela sakaLa bhAratIya itihAsanA AlekhanamAMnA eka hajAra varSamAM je je rAjyAe peAtAnI kArakIrdI uttaraviMdamAM sthApI hatI te te sarvenA vaMzane lagatA hevAla atyAra sudhI ApaNe raju karI gayA chIe. atra nAnA meATA sarve rAjyAnuM vana pUrNa thAya che. sagavaDatAnA kAraNe tathA kharAbara samajI zakAya te sArU tenA nava khaMDa pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. have mApaNe uttaraviMda choDIne viMdhyAparvatanI dakSiNe Avela bhAga, jene dakSiNaviMda tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. tenuM varNana hAca dharIzuM. vistAra ane kSetraphaLanI dRSTie jotAM, uttaraviMda ane dakSihiMda bhale lagabhaga sarakhA che ema kahI zakAze. chatAM uttahiMdamAM rAjakartAvaMzanuM tathA tenA aneka anusaMdhAnanuM je vaividhya dekhAyuM che tevuM A dakSihiMdanA varNanamAM ApaNane dekhAze nahIM. tenAM aneka kAraNA che. prathama najare saMskRtinuM kAraNu lae. saMskAradRSTinA vicAra karIzuM teA pu. 1nA prathama paricchede ja jaNAvI gayA chIe ke uttaraviMda te samaye ANaMdeza tarIke oLakhAtA hatA ane dakSiNaddhiH anAryadeza tarIke jANItA hatA. eTale ke ekamAM A saMskRti saMpUrNa darajje khIlI rahI hatI jyAre khIjAmAM tene taddana abhAva ja hatA; nahIM ke tenAthI ulaTa prakAranI hatI. paraMtu jema jema eka khIjAnA cayamAM AvavAne saMjogoe yArI ApI tema tema pahelAnI saMskRtie khIjAnA upara pAtAnI chApa jamAvavA mAMDI. eTale te khIjuMe tenAthI mAhita thaine tene grahaNa karavA mAMDI tathA dhIme dhIme potAmAM khUba khUba utArI dIdhI. jenA pariNAme te pazu Arya tarIke oLakhItI thaI gaI. upara pramANe AryasaMskRtinA pravAha anArya pradezamAM pesI javA lAgyA hatA tenA kAraNamAM rAjakIya sthiti ja kahI zakAya. kemake uttaradvaMdanA je rAjavaMzeA dakSiNa upara svAmitva meLavavA caDAI laI gayA hatA temAe tyAM jIta meLavIne peAtAnAM saMsthAne vasAvavA mAMDayAM hatAM eTale tyAM temane kAyamI vasavATa thavAne lIdhe, cedivaza ane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa mULa vatanIonI sAthe dhATA paricayamAM AvI rahyA hatA. pariNAme temanA rItarivAjo ane rAharasamA pelA parAjIta thai rahela mULavatanImAM Ame ja thavA maMDayA hatA. ane haMmezAM niyama che ke, jevA rAjA tevI prajA, te pramANe zAsitaprajA zAsakaprajAnA jevI ja rItabhAtamAM ane raheNIkaraNImAM karI javA lAgI hatI. eTale je anArya hatI te kramekrame Arya thaI gaI eTaluM ja nahIM paNu ekabIjAnA bheda hatA te bhU'sAte gayA ane pachI teA anArya kAne kahevAya te ja eka krAyaDA banI rahyo. matalaba ke sArAe dakSiNahiMda saMskArI banI jatAM, temAM paNu pAMcamA ArAnI asara pravezavA mAMDI; jamIna prAptinI lAlasA udbhavI; arasaparasa laDavA mAMDayuM. jayaparAjayanI kiMmata aMkAvA mAMDI; kANu utarate, kANu halakA, krANu khaMDiyA, kANa uparI tathA krANu mATA ke krANu nAneA; tevI tevI bhAvanAnAM janma thaI gayA. ane temAMthI rAjavaMze ubhA thayA. joke ApaNe ahIM saMskRti vizenuM varNana karavA kheThA nathI. paraMtu upara pramANe dakSiNahiMdamAMnA anAryane palaTA AryamAM thayAnuM jANavuM. te parivartana karanAra tatvanuM khIja AryamAMthI eTale ke uttarahiMdamAMthI ja AveluM kahevAya. rAjakAraNane vicAra karatAM, uttarahiMdanA rAjakartAoe dakSiNamAM peAtAnuM pari-Adhipatya jamAvyA bAda, te pradezamAM tene vahIvaTa calAvavAne peAtAnA sUbAe nImavAnuM dhAraNa cAlu karyuM hatuM. A sUbAe keTalAka prasaMge peAtAnI ja jAtinA anyajatA ane keTalAkamAM te peAtAnA aMgata ane nikaTanA sagapaNu dharAvanAra paNa hatA. paraMtu rAjyalAbha jyAM pragaDha thAya che tyAM kAI prakAranA baMdha tene naDatA nathI; tyAM te kevaLa svArtha ane Apamatalaba krama sadhAya teja nIti pradhAnapaNe vartI rahe che. eTale je khApade nImAyA hatA te jema jema sagavaDa paDatI gaI tema tema svataMtra anI kheThA. A uparathI samajAze ke dakSiNahiMdamAM pazumeTebhAge rAjakIya aMkuza te uttarahidanA ja hatA, paraMtu ceADA bhAgamAM svataMtra adhikAra bhAgavanAranA bhava paNa www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariSacheda ] cedi dazane itihAsa 229 thaI javA pAmyo hato. A kAraNathI uttarahiMdanA tene rAjagAdIe besAravAmAM Avyo hato. tenuM karatAM dakSiNahidane ItihAsa eTale badhA aTapaTI prAsaMgika nAma mahArAjA karakaMDu hatuM. vaLI teja pustake ane guMcavaNakartA nathI. uparAMta svataMtra adhikArIpade pR. 178thI 148 sudhI mahAkeza urphe aMga-kuzasthaLa birAjIta thanAra varga, saMkhyAmAM paNa jUja ja rahe, dezanuM varNana ApyuM che. temAM ema sAbita karI gayA eTale tyAMnA rAjarjAnA vaMza Ame a85 saMkhyAmAM ja chIe ke tyAMnA dadhivAhana rAjAnI padmAvatI rANInA kahevAya. tevA vaMzane AMka paNa je nAnA moTA peTe A karakane janma thayo hato. paNa kALanI gaNavA besIe te ghaNae thaI jAya, paraMtu ApaNe vicitratAnA aMge te potAnA janaka ane jananIthI te je varNana karavAnuM rahe che te sAmrAjya jevA vikhuTo paDIne upara jaNAvyA pramANe kaliMgapati thaI ati vistAravALI bhUminA adhiSThAtA banavA pAmyAM beThe hato. paraMtu AgaLa jatAM ane rAjadArI kAraNa hoya teyAne, eTale tevA to atialpa ja gaNAze. upasthita thatAM, paDozI rAjyanA svAmi evA ApaNe kahI daIe ke mAtra be vaza ja tevA che. eka pitAnA ja pitA, uparokata mahAkeza urphe aMgapati kaliMga sAmrAjyane ane bIjo AMdha sAmrAjyane. dadhivAhananA rAjya upara tene AkramaNa laI javuM prathamavALA sAmrAjyanA bhoktAne divaMza tarIke, paDayuM hatuM. A be rAjyo vacce mahAyuddha jAmI paDe ane bIjAnA bhoktAne zatavahanavaMza tarIke ItihAsa- te agAu, tenI janayatrI ane rAjA dadhivAhananI kAroe eALakhAvela che. tethI ApaNe A be vaMzane rANI padmAvatI ke jeNIe karakaMDa garbhamAM hatA tyArathI ja itihAsa have Alekha raheze. jenadIkSA aMgikAra karI lIdhI hatI, teNIne jJAnabaLe vistAranI daSTie je vicArIzuM te A bemAMthI A yuddhanI ane temAM nipajatA manuSya saMhAranI jANa prathama naMbara eka kALe te divaMzano ja Ave che, paraMtu thavAthI tarata tyAM AvI caDI hatI tathA banne rAjA rAjakIya kAba jaLavAI rahAnA samayanI apekSAe onI arasaparasa oLakha karAvI, bApa dIkarAnuM vicArIzuM te uMce naMbara zatavAhanavaMzana AvI paDe sagapaNa jAhera karyuM hatuM. pariNAme dadhivAhananA rAjAne che. eTale konuM varNana prathama hAtha dharavuM te eka uttarAdhikArI paNa mahArAjA karakaMDa thayo hato. eTale prazna rahe che. paraMtu je samaye vaMzanI Adi thavA pAmI have pote vaMza ane kaliMgadeza uparAMta aMgadezane paNa hoya tenI gaNatrIe jyAre ApaNe uttara hiMdamAM kAma svAmI thavAthI, te pitAne trikaliMgAdhipati kahelevAnuM kAMika dhAraNa aMgikAra karIne jALavI rAkhyuM varAvavA lAgyo hato. A pramANe rAjya vistAranI che, tyAre ahIM paNa teja prathAne vaLagI rahIne apekSAe heya ke liMgadezanI rAjakIya mahattAne aMge prathamamAM ApaNe cedivaMzanuM vRttAMta AdaravuM rahe che. hoya ke pachI jyAMthI potAnA jIvanano utkarSa thayo - divaMza tenuM gaurava jALavI rAkhavAnI buddhie hoya; traNamAMthI pu. 1mAM kaliMgadezanuM varNana ApatAM pR. 163thI game te kAraNa hoya ke traNe ekatrita paNe kAma karI rahyAM 176mAM sAbita karI gayA chIe ke te pradezano eka haya, paraMtu teNe pitAne kaliMgapati ja hovAnuM jAhera samayane rAjA aputriyo maraNa rIte jaNAvyuM che; tathA pitAnA vaMzanI oLakha hare pUryane TuMka pAmavAthI dezanA rItarivAja jANavAmAM AvI gaI che te pramANe cedinA nAmathI paricaya pramANe paMcadivya sahita hAthaNI (AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM adhikAra varNavavAmAM Avyo pheravavAmAM AvI hatI ane je che) rAkhI lIdhI. temaja potAnuM nAma potAnA pitA purUSane zIre jaLa kaLaza saMpUrNa ThalavavAmAM Avyo hato. dadhivAhananA nAmane anusaratuM kahevAya evuM meghavAhana (1) viliMga zabdanA vizeSa nipaNa mATe A khatamAM AgaLa para jIe, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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cadi nAmanI [ dazama khaMDa nAma dhAraNa karI lIdhuM. matalaba ke A samayathI pitAne kadAca temanA peTA vibhAgomAMnA hoya ke kadAca mULa triliMgAdhipati, cedivaMzI mahArAjA meghavAhanara saMtrocha kSatriyonI aDhAra jAtimAMnA paNa heya. game tarIke te oLakhAvavA lAgyo hato. tyArabAda pite te pramANe temanA vibhAga ane peTAvibhAganI vaheMcaNI saMsArathI virakta thaI, jenadIkSA laIne pratyekabuddha thavA pAmI hoya, paraMtu eTaluM cokakasa che ke, sIjI thaI mekSe gayo hato ane tene koI putra nahIM hovAthI kSatriyonuM prAbalya uttara hiMdanA rAjakartA tarIkenuM ati tenuM rAjya te vakhatanA magadhapati zreNike potAnA vipula pramANamAM hatuM. saMbhava che ke aMgapati dadhimulakamAM bheLavI lIdhuM hatuM. eTale tyArathI ItihAsamAM vAhana rAjA teja pramANe saMghIjInI aDhAramAMnI koI aMga-magadhA' zabdano prayoga vaparAto thavA lAge peTAjAtino haze. paraMtu te jAtinuM nAma zuM hatuM te hato. tyAM sudhInuM varNana ApaNe prathama pustakamAM jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. eTale tene putra mahArAja kAMIka vistArapUrvaka jaNAvI dIdhuM che, tyAra pachI zuM karaThaMDu, jene A vaMzane sthApaka ApaNe have lekho thayuM te aMge vicArIe. rahe che tenI jAta kaI kahevI te paNa adyApi parvata 1mAM (juo pR. 28 tathA 124 - aMdhArAmAM ja che ema samajavuM. eTale de nAma koI vavAmAM AvyuM che ke, saMtrajI nAme kSatriyanI mukhya kSatriyanI ekAda mukhya zAkhAnuM ke paTArAnuM hAya jAta hatI. tenA peTA bhAge ema mAnavAne hAla to ApaNe Acake khAve paDaze. cedi nAmanI lagabhaga 18nI saMkhyAmAM hatA. tyAre A cadi nAma zI rIte vaparAzamAM AvyuM? utpatti temAM licchavI, mala, zAka, A nAma gautamabuddhanA samaye paNa jANItuM nahIM Adine samAveza thato hato; heya ema samajavuM rahe che. kemake je jANItuM thayuM vaLI AgaLa upara ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke (juo heta te bauddha graMthamAM teno ullekha chUTathI thayA pu. 1 5 377) kadaMba, celA, pAMDayA che. paNa vinA na raheta. vaLI je pradeza upara mahArAjA temAMthI ja utpanna thayA hatA; tathA pu. 2gAM maurya karakaMDune rAja amala tapata thaye hato temAMnA caMdraguptanA varNanamAM ema jaNAvyuM che ke, navIna mauryuM keInuM nAma tevuM hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. te dezanAM je dakSiNavidamAM prasaravA lAgyA hatA te maLe mAthuM nAma . aMga, vaMza ane kaliga evAM hatAM. temaja mAMthI ja uddabhavyA hatA. vaLI cuTukAnaMda, mULAnaMda te dezamAMnAM, keI nagara, purI, kille, parvata ke vigere paNa naMdavaMzanA bhUpationI zAkhArUpe gaNAya evA koI sthaLanuM nAma tevuM hoya tema paNa jaNAyuM tema che, kemake AMdhavaMza sthApaka rAjA zimukha teija nathI. eTale eka ja kalpanA para javAya che ke, jema naMda bIjo urpha mahApadyane kuMvara hatA, (AmAMnI keTalIka aneka rAjAnAM, dezanAM ke vastunAM nAme, kaIka hakIkata pu. 1, tathA temAM prasaMgopAta AvI gaI che. banAva athavA saMgAdhina joDI kaDhAyAM che tema A paraMtu vistArapUrvaka zatavahanavaMzanA vRttAMte lakhavAnI che) caMda nAma vize paNa kadAca banyuM hovuM joIe. ane tenA aMga tarIke ja badhe tenA sUbA tarIke A mAruM anumAna eka hakIkata upara Thare che; te e ke, cuTukAnaMda, mULAnaMda hatA. vaLI mahArathIo, rASTrI, mahArAjA karakaMDune je saMgamAM rAjaprApti thaI che bhejaka, i. paNa A prajAmAMnA ja aMgo che eTale te jo tapAsIyuM te tyAM sapaSTa jaNAvyuM che ke, tene (2) meghavAhana te vyaktigata nAma jema che tema biruda tyAM A kaliMgavaMzanI (te dezanA rAjakartAnA vaMzanI) samApti paNa che. rola kI verAnA gurjarapati rAjA kumArapALa paNa thaI gaI kahe Aya athavA je kaliMgapatine magadhapatine khaDiye meghavAhana kahevAte hato. banAvAya che to te vaMza cAlu rahyo gaNAya. AviSayanI carcA () ne manamAM te tene preNike meLavI lIdhe hoya te, ApaNe AgaLa karavAnI che. te rAjA kSemarAjane vattAte e, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] " " gAdI maLavAnI AgAhI-bhaviSya vANI-eka vaMzanA (vAMsanA) chedana uparathI bhAkhavAmAM AvI che. jethI rIte te dezanuM nAma " vaMza " DivAmAM AvyuM hAya (athavA te pradezamAM vaMzanI utpatti bahu ja pramANamAM thatI hAya ane te aMge tenuM nAma vaMza paDI gayuM hAya) ane vaMzanuM chedana karavAmAM AvyuM tethI " hedi " athavA apabhraMza thatAM vaili evuM nAma tenA vaMzanuM dhAraNa karAyuM heya. matalaba e thaI ke, dezanuM (country) ane vaMzanuM (dynastic)-bannenAM nAmeA (za deza ane vela vaMza)nI utpatti eka ja kALe thaI gaNAya. A kAraNane lIdhe ja, prAcIna bauddha grathAmAM ke vaidika sAhityamAM, te khemAMthI ekenuM nAmaja najare paDatuM nathI. eTale samajAya che ke je mulakamAM A cedi vaMzanA rAjAne rAjaamala cAlatA hatA tenuM nAma 'cedi deza' paDI gayuM lAge che. bAkI kharI rIte teA 'cedi' te nathI kASTa dezanuM nAma ke nathI krAi jJAtinuM nAma ke nathI kreSTha sthaLanuM nAma. mAtra saMyeAgavazAt kAlpanika rIte ja te utpanna karavAmAM AvyuM dekhAya che. eTale cedivAnI sthApanA ItihAsanI dRSTie, jo gaNIe tA, jyArathI mebruvAhana karliMgapati thaye| tyArathI thai gaNAya. ane te banAva i. sa. pU. 558mAM banyApa che. sAra e thayeA ke cedi vaMzanI sthApanA I. sa. pU. 558mAM medhavAhana rAjAe karI hatI. utpatti vize Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 31 A medhavAhana rAjAnuM rAjya i. sa. pU. 537mAM pUrUM thayuM che. te aputriyeA heAvAthI gaNataMtra rAjyanI paddhatie, magadhanA sAmrAjyanA cedi vaMzanA traNa eka aMga tarIke tene vahIvaTa vibhAga rAjA zreNika saMbhALI lIdhA hatA. tene lagatuM the|DuMka varNana pu. 1mAM pR. 165-174 sudhImAM apAI gayuM che. vaLI vizeSa samajUti, AgaLa upara kSemarAjanA varNanamAM ApavAnI che. atra eTaluM jaNAvatuM rahe che ke te gaNu paddhatine dhIme dhIme nAza thatA jatA hatA. balke ema kahe ke, jyArathI pUNIkane rAjya vistAra vadhAravAne lAbha lAgyA tyArathI te patine kuDAra paDayA hatA ane tenA putra udAyane dakSiNa sudhInA dezA jItI meTuM sAmrAjya banAvyuM tyAre te te prathA taddana lupta ja thaI gai hatI. udAyana pachI anurUddha vahIvaTa cAlyeA ane tenA maraNa bAda (I. sa. pU. 474) suMdanA adhikAra A-. paraMtu A rAjA ati nabaLA heAvAthI, tema tenuM citta rAjakAjamAM cAMTatuM nahIM hAvAthI AkhAe sAmrAjyamAM TaMTA, khakheDA ane khaLavA jevI sthiti thai rahI hatI. te samayane lAbha laI, mahArAjA karakaMDunA vaMzanA kAI avazeSa, kSemarAjanA nAma nIce kaliMganI lagAma potAnA hAthamAM lai svataMtrapaNe vahIvaTa calAvavA mAMDayA hatA. A bAbatane IsArI paNa (4) vaidika graMtheAmAM ema hakIkta nIkaLe che ke, caitthAmAM irAke ilAnA vAnA ullekha thayela mAlama paDe che (te mATe jIe khAravelanA vRttAMta) jaina graMthamAM nAmanA le!! . hAlamAM birAra-varADa tathA prAcIna samaye caitri deza ghaNA prAcIna samayathI maLe che. vida nAAthI je jANIneA hatA tyAMnA vatanI hatA (jIe jaina sAhitya sa'zeAdhaka pu. 3 pR. 373); vaLI buka ek enzanTa IrAjha (kaniMgahAmakRta)mAM prastAvanA pu. 29 upara jaNAvAyuM che ke lacurIva'zanA cedirAna je thayA che te mULe chattIsagaDha ane khastara rAcavALA pradezanA vatanI hatA tathA temanI rAjadhAnInuM zahera khAramadeva hatuM, tyAMthI dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhIne jakhalapura sudhI AvI pahoMcyA hatA. A be hakIktathI khAtrI thoke, vaidika graMthanI cet prajAnA vaMzane ane ItihAsamAM jANItA thayela cedivaMzane sabaMdha nathI ja. vaLI vaiphrika (5) A banAvanA samaya pu. 1mAM traNa prakAre jaNAvAyA che (jhue samayAvarlImAM papa9nI sAla) eka 565, khInne 5636 ane trIne 55-558; paraMtu pAkI gaNatrI karatAM te 558--9 heAvAnuM lAge che. hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM darzAvela AMka 103ne e cetisa vataneA TharAvAya teA, uparanA hisAbe tenA samaya 565103=I. sa. pUrve 462, 460 ane 456 Avaze. Ane lagatI vizeSa carcA AgaLa upara hAthIguphAnA lekhanA vRttAMta karIzuM, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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232 divaMzanA vibhAge [ dazama khaMDa ApaNe pu. 1mAM uparanA ja ThekANe karI dIdho che. dorIne nIkaLe che tyAre keInA manamAM kadAca prazna A banAvane ApaNe cedivaMzanA punarUddhAra tarIke upaje ke, hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM je 103ne AMka gaNAvIzuM. lakhAyela che tene A AMka sAthe koI saMbaMdha che ke A uparathI samajAze ke cedivaMzanA vahIvaTanA nahIM ? te jaNAvavAnuM ke tema banavA saMbhava nathIja. traNa vibhAga paDI gayA che. (pahele) rAjA medhavAhane kemake hAthIguphAnA lekhane kartA rAjA khAravela che. sthApanA karI tyArathI tenuM maraNa nIpajayuM ane rAjA tene kAMI khabara na ja hoI zake che, tenA maraNa bAda zreNike magadha sAmrAjyamAM kaliMgane bheLavI lIdhA teno vaMza keTalo vakhata sudhI cAlu rahevAno che, sivAya tyAMsudhI eTale I. sa. pU. 558thI 537=21 ke koI jyotidhare bhaviSyavANI kahI saMbhaLAvI hoya. varSane; (bIjo) uparanA samayathI mAMDIne rAjA tema banavA saMbhava nathI eTale kahevuM paDaze ke 103nA kSemarAje svataMtra banI punarUddhAra karyo tyAMsudhIno AMka sAthe A bInAne paraparamAM saMbaMdha nathI ja. eTale I. sa. pU. 53thI 4741=63 varSano. ane uparamAM nirdiSTa thayA pramANe jema cedivaMzanA (trIjo) kSemarAjanA pitAnA vaMzane je ApaNe A traNa vibhAga pADI batAvAya che tema bIjI rIte paNa paricchede jANIzuM ke I. sa. pU. 361mAM khatama pADI batAvAya che. vidvAnonI kalpanA A pramANe thayo che eTale A trIjA vibhAgano samaya I.sa.pU. hoya ema dekhAya che. paraMtu te vAstavika nathI ema 474 thI 361 sudhInA 113 varSane kahI zakAze. tenI hakIkata jANyA pachI vAcaka pite ja svayaM ane traNa vibhAgane ekaMdara samaya gaNIe te samajI zakaze. vAta ema che ke, hAthIguphAne kartA 21+3+13=197 varSane kahI zakAze. rAjA khAravela pote, upara jaNAvela rAjA kSemarAjane A prakaraNamAM ApaNe A trIjA eTale chelA vaMzaja che eTale ke ApaNI gaNatrIe jene cedivibhAgane ja vRttAMta lakhavAnuM che. temAM Ama te vaMzane trIjo vibhAga TharAvAyo che temAM thayela che. pAMca rAjA thayA che paraMtu cothA rAjAnuM I. sa. pU. te vibhAgane vidvAnoe prathama vibhAga lekhAvyo che; 27ramAM maraNa thatAM AkhuM sAmrAjaya te samayanA jyAre bIjo vibhAga I. sa. 249mAM thayAnuM ane magadhapati caMdragupta maurye potAnA mulakamAM bheLavI trIje vibhAga I. sa.nI agiyAramI sadImAM thayAnuM lIdhuM hatuM. eTale te hisAbe punarjIvana prApta karela mAne che. pAchalA beno saMbaMdha prathamavALAnI sAthe cedivaMzanA trIjA vibhAganuM AyuSya upara jaNAvela A pramANe joDI zakAya tema che. 113 varSane badale 103-4nuM ja ane sarva samaya rAjA kSemarAjavALo vibhAga, I. sa. pU. 37ra 197ne badale 187-8 varSane gaNI zakAze. A kahe ke 361 kahe paNa te samaye baMdha thaI gayA hatA pramANe jayAre 103ne AMka A vaMzanI AyuSya ane cedideza magadhane tAbe cAlyo gayo hato eTaluM (6) mahArAja kSemarAjane samaya zI rIte A hade (7) ApaNI gaNatrI sAcI che tenI khAtrI mATe karAvyo che (kemake vidhAnAe to I. sa. 5. nI bIjI hAthINuM kAnuM varNana juo. rAjA khAvela pote ja kahe che sadI TharAvI che, tenI ghaDIka sUcanA pu. 1mAM cedi vaMzanI ke, te trIjI zAkhAmAM pote thayo che (dhyAna rAkhavuM ke trIjI hakIkata lakhatAM karI gayo che. vizeSa carcA A khaMDamAM zAkhA che, nahIM ke trIjo purUSa che) jue paMkti trIjI. AgaLa upara khAravelanA vRttAte karavAnI che. (8) ahI cedideza nAma lakhyuM che. kaliMgadeza nathI atre eTaluM jaNAvI zakIe ke hAthIguphAmAM je lakhyuM. kAraNa ke vRttAMta cAle che divaMzanA vibhAganuM 103no AMka che te upara A AkhIe carcAna maLa eTale cedideza upara bhogavatA hakamatavALAnuM; pachI te avalaMbeluM che, kaliMgapati hoya ke magadhapati hoya te ApaNe jovAnuM nathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] nI samajAtI 233 nakkI ja che. magadhapati mairya rAjAnI samApti thayA tvane kAMI saMbaMdha ja nahota, tAM zA mATe tene bAda cedidaza zatavahana vaMzIonI ANamAM cAlyo saMbaMdha joDI kaDhAyo haze tenI samajaNa paDatI nathI, gayA hatA. tyAMsudhI cedivaMzano kaI rAjabIja- game te kAraNa banyuM hoya paNa A IzvaradattanA samayane avazeSa tarIke jhaLakI uThayAnuM ItihAsamAM jaNAyuM tathA vaMzane cedideza sAthe joDIne bIjA vibhAgamAM nathI. paNa zatavahana vaMzane ekAda nabaLA rAjA teoe gaNAvyo che ane sAthe sAthe ema TharAvavAmAM pAsethI te deza paDAvI laI avaMtipati ca%Ne AvyuM che ke asalanA cedideza upara A kalacUrivaMzanA pitAno vahIvaTa jamAvyo hato ane te vaMzamAMthI rAjAo gAdIe AvyA che tathA temano cedisaMvata te dezanI sattA guptavaMzI samrATonA hAthamAM gaI paNa temanA vakhatathI ja10 gaNAya che. hatI. A guptavaMzI samrATonI sattA cedideza upara A bIjo vibhAga kayAre asta thaI gayo te temanI paDatI thaI tyAM sudhI eTale lagabhaga I. sa.nI vize cUpakI pakaDavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu jyArathI. pAMcamI sadInA aMta sudhI rahI hatI. chatAM evI I. sa.nI agiyAramI sadImAM kalacUrivaMzanA rAjAo mAnyatA pracalita thaI rahI che ke, Izvaradatta cedideza upara rAjya karavA mAMDyA tyArathI trIjenAmane kAIka rAjapurUSa thaye che te kalacUrizane vibhAga zarU thaye gaNavAmAM Ave che ane A trIjA hatuM ane teNe I. sa. 249mAM A pradeza kabaje vibhAge ja cedisaMvatanuM kharuM calaNa karyuM gaNAve che. karI pitAno saMvata-cedisaMvata cAlu karyo hato. paraMtu temano vaMza kalacUri kahevAtA hatA ane teo paNa ApaNe pu. 3nA aMte pR. 373thI 84 sudhInA rAjya karatA hatA cedideza upara; eTale te bannenuM pariziSTa zilAlekhanA AdhAre sAbita karI gayA joDANa karIne cedisaMvatane kalacUrisaMvatanuM nAma ApI chIe ke A Izvaradatta kalacUri nahote, paNa te pitAne dIdhuM. bIjI vAta kahI daIe. jyAre ema mAnyatA cAlI Amira tarIke ja oLakhAvate hate. bAkI te saiphUTaka rahI che ke A kacUrieeja cedisaMvatane kharI rIte hatA ane tene samaya i. sa. 249 hato teTalI vAta gatimAM mUkI batAvyuM che tyAre te evo artha laI kharI. vaLI tenI rAjagAdI medAvarI nadInA mukhavALA javAya che ke, prathamanA be vibhAgoe tenI sthApanA pradezamAM hatI. paraMtu te cedipati banyo hato ke kema karelI hatI paNa koI akaLa kAraNane laIne temaNe te jaNAyuM nathI. saMbhava che ke cedi deza to I. sa. potAne saMvata calAvyo ja nahatA. A pramANe trIja 249mAM jayAre Izvaradate pitAne savata cAlu karyo vibhAgane saMkSipta itihAsa jaNAvAya che. eTale je che tenA kAraNa mATe juo pu. 3mAM) tyAra pahelAM pAchaLa sUcavAyalI vidvAnI mAnyatAne vadhAvI, temaja tyArapachI cakaNavaMzIone ane guptavaMzIone levAya te phUTapaNe ane arthanI bheLaseLa thaI javA tAbe ja hatA eTale tene ane cedidezane svAmi- na pAme mATe ema paNa kahI zakAze ke, pahelA be (9) A kalayuri rAjAone itihAsamAM vaikuTakArsa (10) koleja opha inDIA bAya Dapha pR. 229 - tarIke oLakhAvyA che (founded by Ishvardatta juo (i. sa. 249nI hakIkata) temAM graMthakatrIe jaNAvyuM Kalchuri=Izvaradatta kalacUrie tenI sthApanA karI hatI): che ke "A. D. 249 current, Sunday 26th, August A vize vadhAre jANavAnI IcchA hoya teNe, praoNsIDIMgjha or Aswin sud 1, Kaliyuga 3350 expired, eka dhI Aryana sekazana opha dhI sevantha orIenTala epoch of the Chedi Era: Ind. Ant. XVII p. kaoNmasa (pR. 216thI AgaLa) nAme rIporTamAM "kanerIjha 45 and 16.I. sa. 249nI sAla cAlu hatI tyAre, 26 DInesTI bAya De. phalITavAno nibaMdha jevo tathA bebe egasTa ravivAre athavA Azvana zukala pratipadAnA divase gejheTIaramAM che. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajIe pR. 294thI AgaLa athavA kaliyuganuM 3350muM varSa pUruM thaye, cedisaMvata cAlu je varNana lakhyuM che te vAMcavuM. thaH vaLI jIo I. e. 5. 17 pR. 25thI AgaLa." Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- it in usiaa kAmama che . . r - :o pAma - ---- - - -- - - --- - - .. - - . - - - - . . . - - . 34 di deza | [ dazama khaMDa bhAgALAnA samayane kharA e devaMzanA samaya tarIke kahevAtuM hatuM. vaLI tenI rAjadhAnI, hAla jyAM eLakhAvyA che paraMtu temanA savatane cedisaMvatanI bAramadeva nAmanuM zahera AveluM che te athavA tenI mAtra upamA ja ApI che. tyAre trIjAne cedizamAM AsapAsamAM AvelI hatI. mahAkozalane prAcIna vasatI prajAnA-nahIM ke cedivaMzanA-samaya tarIke lekhI graMthomAM kuzasthaLa tarIke varNavyo che ane te zabdanI tenA saMvatsarane khare cedi saMvatsara gaNAvyo che. vyutpatti jatAM, kuzasthaLa nAma sArthaka karate A eTale ke kacUri rAjAone asalanA medhavAhana deza che ja. sAMprata kALe paNa te bhAgamAM jaMgala vaMzI cedirAjAo sAthe koI jAtano lehIno AvelAM che temaja hiMsaka prANIono vasavATa saMbaMdha hevAnuM batAvAtuM nathI. paraMtu cedideza upara haMmezAM najare paDe che. eTale aMgadezanA rAjA temanuM rAjya thayuM che mATe cedivaMzanA ane cedi. dadhivAhanane pitAnI garbhavatI rANI padmAvatInI sAthe saMvatane mAnanArA TharAvAyuM hoya ema dekhAI Ave che. hati upara ArUDha thaIne kriDAvihAre upaDI gayAnuM AgaLa rAjA karakaMkunA vRttAMte joI gayA chIe (pu. 1 pR. 144) ane tyAMthI pUrvanA pradezamAM kaIka ke, je mulaka upara cedivazI rAjAonuM prathama bhayAnaka aTavImAM te hasti ekalI rANI sAthe nAsI | svAmitva thavA pAmyuM hatuM tenuM gayAnuM ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe. te mATe jo cedidezanI sImA kharUM nAma te vaMza deza ja hatuM. vizadezanI sImA kaniMgahAma sAhebanI uparanI chatAM jyAre itihAsavidoe mAnyatA pramANe karAvavAmAM Ave che, te sarva hakIkatane, tenuM nAma cedideza ja pADayuM che tyAre ApaNe paNa samarthana maLI rahe che. 13 eTale vaidika graMthamAM te nAmathI ja tene saMbodhyA karIzuM. te cedidezanI mahAbhAratanA samaye jene kuzasthaLa ke mahAkezala sImAM prathama nakkI karI levA jarUra che. jethI karIne tarIke oLakhAvatA tene I. sa. pU. nI chaThThI sadImAM te cedi vaMzanA rAjakartAomAMthI kenA samaye ko leke vaMzadeza tarIke oLakhatA hatA ane hAla te banAva banyo hato te pAke pAye ApaNe jANI zakIe. pradezamAM chattIsagaDha tAluke tathA bastara rAjyano sara kaniMgahAma kahe che ke, "Boramdeo, samAveza thato manAya che ema thayuM. eTale te hisAbe the capital in Chhatisgarh or Maha- vazadezanI sImAmAM, uttare bihArano choTAnAgapuravALA Kosal, which formed the old kingdom pradeza tathA revA sTeTanuM rAjya, dakSiNe godAvarI nadInuM of Chedi or Kalchuris=mahAkezala je cedi vaheNa, pUrve utkaLa tathA orissA ane pazcime athavA kalayUrinuM prAcIna rAjya hatuM temAM Avela vidarbha tathA aMgadeza14 Avela hatuM ema samajavuM chattIsagaDhanI rAjadhAnI boramadeva hatuM." eTale ke rahe che. ApaNuM A kathanane, I. hI. kalaiM.15nA madhya prAMtamAM chattIsagaDha tAluke ane bilAsapura lekhaka paNa saMmata thatA hoya ema jaNAve che ke, tathA rAyapura jIllA tarIke je bhAgane hAla oLakha- The country to the west of Orissa was vAmAM Ave che te pradezane prAcIna samaye mahAkezala known as the Dakshina Kosal or (11) jue buka opha InDIyana IrAga prastAvanA pR. (13) vidvAno aMgadezane atyAre. baMgALa IlAkAnA, 12) pu. 1 pR. 178 TI. naM. 18 jAo kaza= bhAgalapura jIllAvALI bhUmine je TharAve che te, A hakIkata kuzanAmanuM ghAsa ane sthaLa eTale ThekANe. te pradezamAM sAthe baMdhabesatI kahevAya ke kema te sarakhAvI jevA kuranAmanuM ghAsa ati moTA jaththAmAM uge che tethI svabhAvika vinaMti che. rIte ja A pradeza atyaMta jhADIvALe tathA ghADA jaMgala (14) sarakhAvo uparanI TI. na. 13 dharAvanAra hovo joIe ema samajI zakAya che.. (15) juo te pustaka sana 1929no aMka 2, 5,612

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- prathama paricacheda ] nI sImA 25 Chedi-orisAnI pazcime Avela dezane dakSiNa zizupAlane kRSNa mAryo hato (ja. ra. e. e. pu. 15); kezala athavA cedi tarIke oLakhatA hatA. paraMtu sarva phayuhararanA mata pramANe dahalAmaMDaLa te ja prAcIna vidvAne upara pramANe sImA TharAvavAmAM eka mata samayana cedi che; keTalAkanA mate temAM buMdelakhaMDane thatA nathI. anya eka vidvAna jaNAve che ke, 16 Chedi dakSiNa bhAga tathA jabalapurane uttara bhAga Avate was the country adjoining Bhojkata hatA. gupta rAjAnA samaye cedinI rAjadhAnI revAor Avanti on the east=jenI pUrvamAM (pazcimamAM kalaramAM hatI. cedinuM bIjuM nAma tripurI paNa joIe) bhojakaTa athavA avaMti che tenI lagolagana hatuM" AvI rIte bhinna bhinna vidvAnoe bhinna pradeza te cedika eTale ke je pradezanI lagolaga bhinna sImAo aTakaLI che. Ama thavAnuM mukhya pazcime avaMtideza AvI lAgyo che te cezi. kAraNa e ja dekhAya che ke, keIe cedideza gaNune emane kahevAno bhAvArtha ema che ke hAlanA hozaMgAbAda kAma lIdhuM che te koie cedivaMza lekhIne kAma lIdhuM ane nimAra chalAo jyAM AvelA che tyAMsudhI che. vaLI eka vaMzamAM te aneka rAjAo thAya che tenI hada hatI. paraMtu A mAnyatA barAbara lAgatI tema dareka rAjAnA amalamAM pradezane vistAra tathA nathI. kemake jene asalamAM vidarbhadeza kahetA ane saMkeca thayA kare te paNa svabhAvika che. eTale, eka I. sa. pU. nI chaThThI sadImAM aMgadeza kahetA hatA temAM cedirAjAnI rAjyasImA kayAMka sudhI laMbAyelI hoya, A prAMtene samAveza thaI jAya che. vaLI A aMga- te vaLI bIjAnI tadana judI ja dizAmAM nIkaLI dezanI rAjadhAnI caMpAnagarI hatI ke jyAM samrATa jatI paNa dekhAya. AvI sthitimAM bhinna bhinna priyadarzine pitAno rUpanAthane khaDakalekha ubho sImAo noMdhAI jAya te dekhItuM ja che. bAkI che karAvyo hate. matalaba ke je sImA temaNe derI kALane ItihAsa ApaNe lakhI rahyA chIe te samaye batAvI che te aMgadezanI che, nahIM ke cedidezanI. te sauthI pazcime aMgadeza hatA, vacce vaMzadeza urphe tyAre bIjA eka vidvAna, karnala ToDane mata mahAkezala hato ane pUrva tathA dakSiNe kaliMgadeza TAMkIne jaNAve che ke, Chanderi, a town in hatA. paraMtu hAla jene orisA prAMtanA saMbalapura, Malwa, was the capital of Shishupal, pUrI, aMgUla, ane kaTaka chahalAo kahevAya che te te who was killed by Krishna (J. A. s. B. kaligamAM paNa gaNutA nahatA ja. te chalAo te Vol. XV); according to Fuhrer, Dahal. 481210 243197 Haal dat 241441 MIS mandal was the ancient Chedi; kaliMgamAM bheLavI lIdhA hatA. ane tethI eka graMthakAre 18 according to some, it comprised the je ema lakhyuM che te taddana sAcuM ja che, ke Cheti southern portion of Bundelkhand and or Chedi is the well-known Vedic northern portion of Jubbulpore. Rewa- and classical ruling family, this branch Kalanger was the capital of Chedi of the Chedis seems to have migrated under the Gupta-kings. Chedi was into Orissa from Maha-kosal, as the also called Tripuri=mALavAmAM AveluM caMderI Oriya Manuscript (J. B. O. R. s. III zahera (rAjA) zizupAlanI rAjadhAnI hatI. A pp. 482) suggests ceti ke cedi te vaidika (16) ja, e. sI. ba. pu. 21 pR. 257: azoka tathA . . bhAMDArakara kRta) 5. 35- rAjyanI sImAe puliMda natine salA Avyo che (sabhAparva (17) jue Dejha enzanTa jyogrAphI opha InDIyA 514 (18) ja, bI. e. pI. sa 1927 6, 13 5 222 ane AgaLa. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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236 [ dazama khaMDa sAhityamAM prakhyAti pAmelo ane rAja karato uttama eka pachI eka, tema ja eka bIjAne aDIaDIne vaMza che; cedinI A zAkhA, je pramANe erisAnA Avela deza hatA. hastalikhita pustakamAM sucavAyuM che te pramANe (juo cedivaMzanA traNa vibhAga kema thAya che te ApaNe ja. bI. e. pI. se. pu. 3 pR.482) mahAkezalamAMthI jaNAvI gayA chIe. temAM prathama orisAmAM utarI AvelI dekhAya che. jyAre che. karakaMDa pachI vibhAga mahArAjA karakaMDunA maraNa rIjha DevIjha potAnA buddhisTi inDiyAmAM pR. 26 kema? thatAM pUra thAya che. ane trIjo upara jaNAve che ke, The Chedis were bhAga mahArAja kSemarAjanuM rAjaprobably the same tribe as that zAsana zarU thAya che tyArathI AraMbhAya che. eTale called Cedi in older documents and vacceno je gALo rahyo te bIjA vibhAge; ane tenuM had two distinct settlements. One vRttAMta je aitihAsika rIte joDI batAvAya te ApaNe probably the older, was in the varNavavA dhArela cedivaMzanA saLaMga ItihAsanI sAMkamountains in what is now called Nepal. LanA khUTatA maMDAo maLI javAthI saMdhAI gayela The other probably a later colony kahevAze. A bIjA vibhAgane lagatI thoDIka hakIkata was near Kosambi to the east, and pu. 1mAM jo ke apAI te gaI ja che. chatAM saMpUrNa na has been even confused with the land hovAthI atre te ApavAnI jarUra paDI che. of Vamsa=purANuM dastAvejomAM jene sedi kahI I. sa. pU. 537 mAM mahAmedhavAhana mahArAja che te ane ceda dhaNuM karIne eka ja jAtanI prajA karakaMDanuM avasAna thavAthI, temaja te aputri hovAthI che; temanAM be saMsthAne hatAM. ghaNuM karIne temAMnuM tenuM rAjya magadhasamrATa zreNike pitAnA sAmrAjya eka jUnuM, hAlanA nepAlamAM Avela pahADI pradezamAM sAthe meLavI lIdhuM hatuM tyAM sudhI ApaNe varNana karI hatuM. ane bIjuM je sevAsA pAchaLathI thayuM hatuM te gayA chIe. eka bAju evI sthiti najare paDI rahI kezabInI najIka pUrvamAM hatuM ane tene vaMzadezanI bhUmi che ke, mahArAjA karake trikaliMgAdhipati-eTale aMga, tarIke seLabheLa karI devAya che. tyAre vaLI bIjA vaMza ane kaliMgane adhipati hatA. tyAre bIjI bAju vidvAna kahe che ke Tripuri seems to have e purAvo maLe che ke, mAtra "aMgamagadhA" zabdanI been the capital of Chedi; they were vaparAza ja zarU thaI hatI. paraMtu jo magadha zabdanI called the rulers of Dahala or Chedi= sAthe kaliga ke trikaliMga jevo zabda joDAyo heta tripurIte cedivaMzanuM rAjanagara saMbhave che; teo te badhI vAta saraLa banI jAta; eTale karakaMkunA dAhAla athavA cedinA rAjakartA hatA. A pramANe maraNa samaye kaliMga saMbaMdhI be sthiti ubhI thaI aneka rItanI ne thayelI najare paDe che. te game che ema samajavuM rahe che. kAMte traNe prAMta magadhamAM tema che. hAlamAM bahu UMDANamAM utaravAnI ApaNe bheLavI lIdhA hovA joIe, athavA traNe chUTA karI jarUra nathI. mAtra eTaluM ja noMdhI rAkhavuM ke, aMga, dIdhA hovA joIe. jo traNe bheLavI lIdhA heya te vaMza ane kaliMga te traNe pazcimathI pUrva tarapha anukrame upara jaNAvyA pramANe magadha ane kaliMga jevo ja (19) AdhAra TAMka heta te vizeSa upakAraka thaI paData. cheTe ja upanAthane khaDakalekha che. A upanAthanA sthAnane (20) juo e. iM. pu. 2 pR. 302 prAcIna samayanI caMpApurI tarIke meM oLakhAvI che eTale (21) hAlanA madhyaprAMtanI rAjadhAnI je jabalapura che ke caMpApurI ane jabalapura ane najIka AvyAnuM kahevAya, tenuM bIjI nAma tripurI gaNAya che. A jabalapurathI cheDe (sarakhA uparanI TI, na, 13nI hakIkata)

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prathama paricheda ] pachI kema? 237 koI zabda ubho thavo joine te paNa tema banyuM nathI rAjA zreNike prathama bheLavI te lIdhA hatA ja; tethI muzkelI ADI AvIne ubhI rahe che. ane chUTA paraMtu te vakhate gaNataMtra rAjyanI paddhati cAlu hovAthI, rahI gayA hatA ema je kalpIe te, aMgadeza magadhane tathA mahArAjA karakane putrano abhAva hevAthI, teNe tAbe nahote ema to ApaNe paNa kabUla karavuM ja paDaze. tenA jamAIne (je hakIkata pravartI rahI hatI e jyAre bIjI bAju te ItihAsa ema bulaMda avAje svataMtra purAvo paNa anya sthaLethI maLI rahyo che. 2) jAhera kare che ke, zreNika pachI magadhapati bananAra gAdI suprata karI hatI ane potAnA khaMDiyA rAjyarAjA ajAtazatrue, gAdIe besIne sAmrAjyanuM tarIke-salAmI rAjya tarIke gaNela hato. paraMtu rAjA rAjanagara je rAjagRhImAM hatuM te pheravIne aMgadezanA ajAtazatrue gAdie AvatAM jamIna lobhano je pATanagara caMpApUrImAM ApyuM hatuM. teno artha e jehAda jagAvI hatI tenA pariNAme ke pachI pitAne thayo ke aMgadeza magadhane tAbe te hato ja. A rAjapATanI pherabadalI mATe aMga dezanI jarUra paDI . pramANe eka vakhata kahevuM che. I. sa. pU. 537 mAM hatI tethI; A bemAMthI koI eka kAraNane lIdhe aMgadeza kaliMganA zAsanamAM hatA, ane pharIne kahyuM game te kAraNa paDayuM hoya paNa te saramukhatyAra je ke I. sa. pU. 526 mAM te magadhanI hakumatamAM hovAthI IcchApUrvaka karI zake tema hatuM ja eTalehatuM. te banne vastu sumeLa khAtI nathI dekhAtI. trikaliMganA traNa prAMtamAMthI aMgadeza pite meLavI sivAya ke 537 ane para vacceno daseka varSanA lIdho hato ane bAkInA be. emane ema upara gALAmAM, koI e banAva banI gayAnuM maLI Ave jaNAvela rAjA karakanA jAmA kaliMgapatinI hakuke jethI-trikaliMga-vALA traNa pradezamAMthI traNe, be ke matamAMja rahevA dIdhA hatA. uparanA sarva vivecanaeka paNa magadhapatie jItI lIdho hoya tevo purA no sAra e thayo ke, I. sa. pU. 537 bAda nava ItihAsamAM noMdhAyo jaNAto nathI; kadAca banyo daza varSa sudhI karakaMDa mahArAjanA jAmA pAse traNe hoya paraMtu ItihAsanA pAne neMdhAyo na hoya, prAtA hatA, ane te bAda be prAMti-vaMza ane kaliMga athavA pAne caDayo hoya paNa tene patto lAge ja rahyA hatA. A sthiti paNa rAjA ajAtazatrunA adazya thayo heya. AvI aneka prakAranI bhAMjagaDa maraNa pAmyA pachI udAyananA rAjyakALanA prAraMbhika ke kalpanAmAM utaravA karatAM saraLa mArga zuM ema zeDAMka varSo sudhI ja eTale aMdAja I. sa. pU. 492 nathI lAgatuM ke je vastu nedhAI che tene ja Azraya sadhI TakI rahevA pAmI hatI. have te dina 5ra dina laIne AgaLa vadhavuM? je be prasaMga neMdhAyA che te rAjAomAM bhUmi vistAravAnI lAlasA vRddhi pAme ApaNe kayAranA jaNAvI te dIdhA ja che, eka jatI hatI24 eTale kyAMya tevo mArga maLI jato "aMgamagadhA" zabdano prayoga ane bIje, rAjA ke tarata, te deza upara caDAI laI jaI vijaya prApta ajAtazatrue karela pATanagaranI pherabadalI. eTale karIne pUrvanI gaNataMtranI paddhati pUrvaka tenA mULa rAjAne ema sthiti goThavI zakAya ke, trikaliMganA traNe prAMte mAtra tAbedAra ke anya koI rIte potAnI ANumAM (22) jue pu. 1 pR. 160 TI. na. 46 (24) 5. 1 kaNika-anaMtazatru rAna pate vidhyAcaLa (23) ahI "rahevA dIdhA hatA" evA zA kaI mudAthI parvatanI ArapAra jaIne dakSiNa hiMdamAM utAravAno prayAsa lakhyA nathI, chatAM je saMzodhanathI puravAra thaI jAya che, kavA mathato hato tyAre tene potAnI jIdagIne bhega teNe te mAtra potAnI jarUrIAta ubhI thavAthI potAnA Apavo paDayo hato, te hakIkata jaNAvatAM A bAbatane salAmI taLenA rAjartA pAsethI IcchApUrvaka jamIna laI isAre karI dIdhA che. jenazAstramAM A banAvane ullekha lIdhI hatI te pachI te pramANe gaNavuM, mAyela che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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238 [ dazama khaMDa gaNAto rahe tevI goThavaNa karIne je pAcho tene te adhi- adhikAra, yuvarAja anurUddhane saMpAyo tyAM sudhI kAra upara besArI devAmAM Avato hato, tene badale ( yuvarAja tarIke ja anurUddha rahyo hato ke samrATa tenuM AkhuM rAjya ja potAnI sattAmAM lAvI mukAvA pade Avyo hato te prazna bhale carcAspada rahe tene mAMDyuM. te rAjanItine anusarIne udayAjanA samayamAM A cedidezanI svataMtratA sAthe nIsabata nathI). tyAra tenA sainyapati nAgadasake (A nAme pAchaLathI je bAda anurUddhano kArabhAra paNa cha eka varSa Takayo che jANItA thaye che ane je naMdivardhana athavA naMda ane tyAM sudhI paNa magadha sAmrAjyane unI AMca pahelA tarIke magadhapati thayuM che te have yuvarAja anu- sarakhIe AvI nathI. paraMtu tenA adhikAranA chellA rUhanI saradArI nIce TheTha siMhaladvIpa sudhIne pradeza varasathI (eTale I. sa. pU. 475 thI) athavA dhIme dhIme jItI lIdho hato; temAM A be mula- kahe che, tenuM maraNu nIpajyuM te samayathI, rAjyamAM kane-vaMza ane kaliMgane paNa samAveza thaI gayo baLavA jevI sthiti ubhI thavA pAmI. tenI gAdIe hate. eTale ke mahArAjA karaDunA jamAInA hAthamAM tene nAno bhAI muMda AvyoteNe mAtra be varasa ja je rAjyAdhikAra soMpAyo hato, te tenA vaMzanA te adhikAra bhogavyo che chatAM te kALa daramyAna to, samayanA narapati pAsethI laI lIdhA hatA ane magadha sArAe magadha sAmrAjyamAM cAre tarapha hehAkAra ane sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI levAyA hatA; eTale te samayathI aMdhakAra ja chavAI rahyo hatA; kemake rAjakAjamAM te kaliMgapatinI A bIjA vibhAganI zAkhAnuM asti- bilakula bhAga lete nahIM, tema bAheza paNa nahIM hoya, tva baMdha paDayuM gaNAya. eTalAmAM vaLI tenI lADIlI paTarANInuM mRtyu thayuM. A bIjA vibhAganI zAkhAmAM be rAjA thayA eTale hada vaLI gaI. A be aDhI varasanA samayamAM dekhAya che. temanAM nAma atyAre te ApaNe anukrame to magadha dezathI mAMDIne dakSiNa hiMdano sarva bhAga zebharAya ane caMDarAya TharAvyAM che. kadAca te anukramamAM eTale ke vaMza, kaliMga, celA, pAMDayA, kadaMba, palapheraphAra paNa hoya, paraMtu banavA joga nathI. jayAre vAjha sarvae pita pitAnA hAtha taLe saMpAyelA tenI pahelAMnAM be nAma (juo pu. 1 pR. 173) mUlakamAM svataMtra rAjA tarIke potAne jAhera karI dIdhA. cedipati tarIke je sucanA ane suratha tarIke ApaNe A mahelI je vyaktie vaMza ane kaliMga upara nepyA che, te phAve te eka pachI eka dadhivAhana pitAnI svataMtratA meLavI hatI tenuM nAma kSemarAja ane karakaMDunAM nAma paNa hoya che, phAve te banne nAma hatuM. te pote ja te samaye te prAMta upara magadha ekalA karakaMDanAM ja hoya; paraMtu hAla ApaNe eTa- samrATanA sUbA tarIke vahIvaTa karatuM hatuM ane lIja noMdha laI zakIe chIe ke, cedipati tarIkeno gAdIpati banI beThe ke 5chI Apa meLe ja bahArathI te be nAmanA rAjAno samAveza prathama vibhAgamAM, ane AvI caDIne te prAMtanI rAja lagAma hAthamAM zobhanarAya tathA caMDarAyane bIjA vibhAge ja karavAne lIdhI hatI; te bemAMthI kaI sthiti thavA pAmI hatI che. A bIjA vibhAganA adhikAra pUMcavAI gayA tene nirNaya karavAne kAMI sAmagrI maLatI nathI. pachI cedipati tarIkenI svataMtratA haNAI ja gaI paraMtu teNe te prAMta hAtha karI lIdho hato teTaluM hatI. have te magadha sAmrAjayano lAga ja banI rahyo. cokkasa che ja. vaLI te mULanA kaliMgapati mahAhatuM. te I. sa. pU. 492 thI mAMDIne udAyana rAjAne melavAhana mahArAjA karakaMDano Aghe Aghe kAMI (25) je bhUmitRSNA kRNikamAM uddabhavI hatI te paNa jayathI mAMDIne naMdivardhanano aMta thayo te samayamAM te khUba paMcamaArAmAM kUlavA mAMDelI kALadevanI asaranuM ja pariNAma khUba phAlI gaI hatI ane te bAda te te sAmAnya vastu samajavuM. A bhUmi tuNu dhImedhIme dalIne, udAyananA banI gaI hatI, eTale te pratye AkarSa upajatuM ne

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prathama paricheda ] pachI kema? sagara 1paNa thato hato jaA banAvane samaya banne nAma-dhAraNa karIne rAjayArUDha thayo hovo joIe. I. sa. pU. 475 che. ahIMthI cedivaMzanA trIjA paraMtu jyAre teNe aMgadeza upara caDhAI karI hatI vibhAganI Adi thaI gaNAze. ane tenA rAjA dadhivAhana sAthe yuddhamAM utaravAne (1) kSemarAja avasara prApta thayo hato tyAre padmAvatI sAdhvI je kaliMgapatinA divaMzanA traNa vibhAgamAMnA chellA saMsAra avasthAmAM karakaMDanI janetA thatI hatI teNI vibhAganI Adi mahArAjA kSemarAjathI thai hovAnuM te sthaLe upasthita thaI hatI ane laDavAne taiyAra thayela ApaNe uparamAM joI gayA chIe banne bhUpatio bApa dIkaro thAya che tevI oLakha tenA vaMzanA nAma vaLI jaNAvI gayA chIe ke te karAvIne yuddha virAma jAhera karAvyo hato. A sarva vizenI samaja pote te vaMzanA mULa sthApaka mahA. hakIkatathI ApaNe paricIta thaI gayA chIe. mata meghavAhana 27 mahArAjA karakaMDa laba ke karaDa pote rAjA dadhivAhanane putra thata ( athavA pR. 238 mAM sUcavyA pramANe sulocana ke have te sthiti tenI jANamAM mAtra te samayathI ja AvI surartha)ne dUra dUrane bhAyAta paNa thato hato. eTale hatI. eTale te rAmayathI pitAnuM nAma pheravIne potAnA tene paNa ApaNe mahAmedhavAhananA vaMzamAMthI utarI janakanA nAmane anusaratuM-evuM meghavAhana nAma dhAraNa Avela0 gaNuM rahe che. have ApaNe be hakIkata karI lIdhuM hoya te dekhItuM ja che, eTale te samayathI atre vicAravI rahe che. eka te vaMzanuM nAma mahAmedha. te mahArAjA meghavAhana kahevAya, ane jyArathI tenA vAhana kema paDayuM che, ane bIjI, tenA vaMzane Iti- pitA dadhivAhananuM maraNa thayuM ane pachI te aMgadeza hAsamAM jyAre cedivaMza tarIke oLakhAvyo tyAre te paNa kaliMganA adhikAramAM AvI paDayo tyArathI te, tene kevI rIte baMdha besatuM Ave che te. prathamamAM te adhikatara pradezane svAmI banavA pAmyo. tenI mahAmelavAhana zabda vize vicAra karIe. yAdagIrImAM pitAnA nAma sAthe mahA zabdane umero mahArAjA karakaMDa pate gAdIpati thayo hato tyAM karIne, te mahAmedhavAhana kahevAto thayo hoya te te sudhI te tene pitAne paNa bhAna nahotuM ke tenA paNa svabhAvika ja che. A pramANe kharI sthiti mAbApa koNa che? pite kayA vaMzane che? athavA pite hevAnuM saMbhavita che; chatAM eka bIjI kalpanA paNa kayAne vatanI che ? jethI banavA joga che ke, bhAgya- manamAM phare che. paraMtu te kalpanA ja gaNI levI rahe vazAta jyAre pote vaMza ane kaliMgane svAmI banyo che. kaliMga dezanI hadamAM samatazikhara nAme jenA tyAre pR. 238 mAM sUcavAyelAM be nAme mAMthI ekanuM dharmanuM tIrthasthAna AveluM che. alabatta atyAre A nAma-ke baMne eka ja vyaktinA nAma Thare te te tIrthadhAmanI taLeTI vartamAna baMgALA prAMtamAM gaNAya (21) dUradUrane so thatA hovAnuM je lakhavuM paDayuM (27) cedipatio mahAmeghavAhana biradadhArI hatA ema che te eTalA mATe ja che. je najIkano ja sage thato heta kahevAnuM tAtparya che. te vAta purANakArone paNa mAnya hoya to marakaMDanI gAdI je tenA jamAInA hAthamAM gaI hatI tene tema lAge che. kemake jainasAhitya saMzAdhaka 5.3 5.374mAM badale A najIkanA sagAne ja maLI jAta. tema koIpaNa tenA lekhaka mahAzaye jaNAvela che ke jyAM kozalanA "dha" rIte sago-vaMzano bhAyAta-thato hato te eTalA mATe upAdhidhArI rAjAonuM varNana che te kadAcita Aja "mahAvavIkAravuM paDe che ke, te kSemarAjanA pautra mahArAjA khAravele meghavAhana upAdhivALA khAravela vaMzIone nirdeza che.. chetarAvela hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM, mahAmedhavAhananA vaMzamAM ane e have siddha thaI gayeluM ja che ke kara mahAutarI Avela tarIke pitAne oLakhAvela che. rAja vigere cedio mahAkezalamAMthI ja kaliMgamAM AvyA che. mahAmedhavAhana nAmanI utpatti mATe AgaLa upara eTale uparanI hakIkata tene lAgu paDatI ja che. marAjanuM vRttAMta juo, (28) kapanI TIma naM. ra7 juo,

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kSemarAjanA dazama khaMDa che. paraMtu te samaye te sametazikhara pahADane vistAra caDI Ave che. eTale ke meghavahana zabdane ane ati mere hate. matalaba ke jema sairASTramAM pArvatIya pradezane amuka prakArano saMbaMdha hoya che ja, Avela zatruMjaya parvata-vimaLagiri parvata-pUrva samaye A kAraNane laIne kadAca meghavAhana zabda A pradesArAye saurASTranA aDadhA karatAM vadhAre bhAgamAM patha. zanA adhikArIne baMdhabesata gaNAya evI kalpanAmAM rAI gayo hato paNa kALabaLe tenA zikharo chUTAM kara mahArAje potAnA upanAma tarIke te zabda paDI bhinna bhinna nAme oLakhAte thayo hato, temaja pasaMda karI lIdho che. upara jaNAvela be kAraNamAMthI nAnAM nAnAM zikhara adazya thavA pAmyAM hatAM, tema kaI ekane lIdhe karakaMDu mahArAje cedipati mahAkezala A samatazikhara parvatanI taLeTIka paNa te samaye pati tarIke mahAmeghavAhananuM upanAma pasaMda karyuM haze baMgALA prAMtanI hada oLaMgIne vartamAna madrAsa ilA. paraMtu te temanuM ja upanAma hatuM ema siddha thAya che. kAnA gaMjAma chalAmAM jyAM gau-dhaulInAM vaLI keTalIka hakIkata hAthIguphAnA lekhanA vivaraNamAM sthAne Avela che ke jyAM samrATa priyadazine to- Apela che te uparathI khAtrI thaze.) dhAmanAM smAraka varIke, potAnA khaDaka lekhe ubhA have bIjI sthiti vicArIe; ke tenA nAmanI karAvyA che, tyAM AvI rahI hatI. eTale sAra e thayo sAthe "cedivaMza'nuM nAma kema joDAyuM che. A zabdane ke, A sAthe pradeza mukhya aMze pahADo ane lagatI keTalIka hakIkata uparanAM pRSThomAM "cedi nAma jaMgalathI bharapura hatuM. tethI tene pArvatIya31 pradeza nI utpattivALA pArigrAphamAM carcAI gaI che jene tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. vaLI kudaratano sAra e hato ke, vaMzanA chedana="chedi' uparathI te eka niyama ja che ke jyAM vanarAjI, jaMgala ane parvate rAjAne rAjyaprApti thaI hatI eTale te uparathI Adi vizeSa hoya che tyAM vRSTi-megha paNa vizeSa divaMza' nAma pitAnA vazanuM teNe rAkhyuM hovuM pramANamAM Ave che tathA vAdaLAM paNa avAranavAra joIe. ane dimAMthI apabhraMza thatAM thatAM (29) kALanA vahevA sAthe evA aneka pheraphAra thai dhaulInuM sthAna che tyAM sudhI laMpAyo haze ane tyAMthI ja jAya che. sthaLanI jagyAe jaLa ane jaLanI jagyAe kharA parvata tarIke uce caDavAnuM zarU thatuM haze. jethI baMne thaLa thaI jatAM paNa ApaNe sAMbhaLIe chIe tyAre ahI te sthAnane taLeTI jevo gaNI zakAya (juo uparanI TIkA) mAtra, uMcA uMcA girizcaMge, je prathama eka bIjAnI (2) uparanA anumAnane sArthana te vAtathI maLe che lagolaga AvIne AkhI girimALA banI rahyAM hatAM, tene ke, khaDakalekhana karAvanAra samrATa priyadarzine ja temAMnA badale, kALakrame taLeTImAMnA amuka bhAga yvImAM daTAi dharma sUtrone vahecI nAMkhIne eka bIjAne pUrtirUpa banAvI jaI, sapATa jamInamAM pheravAI gayAnuM ane pariNAme giri dIdhA che. matalaba ke teNe ja A banne sthAnane eka mALAnA makA judA paDI gayAnuM ja ane darekane svataMtra bIjAnA pUraka gayAM che. nAme oLakhAvA maMDAyAnuM ja ahIM te batAvAyuM che. (3) vidvAnoe paNa te bannenA lekhene prathaka prathaka (vaLa juo cazmaNavRttAMte temanA zilAlekha ane parma. na gaNAvatAM dholIne jAgauDAnA lekha eno samAsa banAvIne vALI hakIkata) praya che. (30) A bane sthAnenuM aMtara (dholI ane gauDAna AvAM anekavidha kAraNathI rAbita thAya che ke te bane lagabhaga se savAsa mAIla jeTaluM atyAre che. chatAM ane sthAne ekaja dhAmane lagatAM che. sthaLane samatazikharanI taLeTI tarIke je gaNAyuM che tenAM (A tIrthasthAnane samrATa priyadarzinanA dharma sAthe ke kAraNa nIce pramANe che. saMbaMdha che te pu. 2mAM tenA vRttAte juo) (1) ane sthaLanuM aMtara bhale se mAIla jeTaluM che. (31) caMdragupta mauryanI kumake AvanAra mahArAjA vakaparaMtu parvatanI eka taLeTIno AraMbha jAgauDAmAMthI thato grIva paNa A pradezano ja rAjavI hevAthI tene pArvatIya haze. vaLI te nAnI nAnI TekarI 15 laMbAIne ke jyAM pradeza rAjA kahevAya che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] vaMzanA nAmanI samaja "cedivaMza' paDI gayuM hovuM joIe. bAkI kharI rIte nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAnA kArtika mAsamAM bahAra cedi nAma, nathI ke dezanuM jJAtinuM ke sthaLanuM. pADe che. jeno gujarAtI anuvAda tathA vivecana A pramANe mArI mAnyatA baMdhANI che. tema bIjI sAthenI samajUti jainasAhitya saMzodhaka kheDa 3, aMka tarapha vidvAnonI mAnyatA je baMdhAI che te nIce 3, pR. 366thI AgaLa pRSThomAM utArAyAM che temAM pR. raju karuM chuM. kaI vAstavika gaNAya tema che, ke bannemAM 369mAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, keTalAka aMzamAM lekha gaLI kAMIka satya samAyeluM che. tene vAcaka pote svaye nirNaya gayo che, keTalIka paMkitaonI zarUAtanA bAreka bAMdhI leze. te A pramANe che. akSare pattharanAM capatarAM sAthe uDI gayA che ane hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM prathama paMktimAM ja khAravela keTalIka paMktiomAM vacce vacce akSara ekadama uDI cakravartI pitAne aira (aila) mahArAja mahAmedhavAhana gayA che tathA kyAMka pANIthI ghasAI gayA che. kyAMka cedirAjanA vaMzaja tarIke saMbodhe che. AmAMne mahAmedha. kyAMka akSaranI kotaraNI vadhI gaI che ane jaLapravAha vAhana ane cedirAja zabdanA artha spaSTa che, tema vaLI temaja bIjA kAraNothI bhramatpAdaka cihe utpanna uparamAM tenA khulAsA paNa apAI gayA che. era zabda thaI gayAM che. jyAM sudhI TAMkaNAMnI nizAnI che ane mATe eka ddhiAne ema spaSTIkaraNa karela che ke, kayAM kAlakata bhramajAla che eno ukela karavA eja Aira, a descendant of Ira or Ila, A lekhanuM rahasya che I. I. eTale kahevAnuM e che identifies one of the main dynastic ke, jevA svarUpamAM ane jevA bhAvArthamAM atyAre divisions to which the Chedis do tenAM vAcana ane ukela thaI rahyAM che temAM sudhArA belong according to the Puranas) vadhArAne ghaNAM sthAna che. temAM A cakravartI khAravelanA (Pareiter J. R. A. s. 1900 p. 11-26)= vaMzanI oLakha ApatuM vAkya ekadama prathama paMkti era eTale irA athavA IlAnA vaMzajo (gaNAya) mAM ja apAI gayuM che. te dekhAvamAM te akhaMDa che ane purANonA kathana pramANe cedirAjAo je vaMzanI eTale zeSa paMktiomAM jema akSaronI tUTI paDI eka mukhya prazAkhAnA che te A ja vaMza che. (juo gaI che (jemAMnI keTalIkanI sudhAraNuM vizenuM vivecana ja. ra. e. se sane 1900nuM pustaka) eTale ke tathA sUcana AgaLa upara ApaNe hAtha dharavAnAM chIe) mukhya vaMza IrA-IlAne che ane tenI eka prazAkhAmAM tema atra thavA nathI pAmyuM paNa pANInA ghasArAthI, A cedipatio utarI Avela saMbhave che. cedivasano TAMkaNAvaDe ghaDatara karatAM hAtha chaTakI jatAM thayela ullekha svataMtra vaMzanA nAma tarIke thayela nathI vikRtithI ke anya kAraNavazAta utpanna thayela bhramadekhAto. paraMtu saMbhavita dekhAya che ke IrAnA vaMzanI spAdaka cihuthI je kekAra thai gayA che tevA A zAkhArUpe te heya. vaLI vera nAmanA leke vidarbha paMktimAM paNa banI gayA hoya tema saMbhavita che. dezamAM rahetA hatA ema vaidika graMthomAM lakhAyela eTale ApaNe tenA lipine ema sUcana karI najare paDe che.33 ane ceta uparathI cedivaMza zodhAyuM zakIe ke A vaMzanI utpattinA saMbhavitapaNu mATe haze. AvI anekavidha yuktiothI tene saMbaMdha je sUcane ApaNe kyAM che tene anusaratuM kaI vAcana goThavAya che. temAMthI upalabdha thAya che ke kema te vize teo eka bIjI vAta vicAravA jevI che. A maherabAnI karI tapAsa calAve. Akho lekha marahuma paMDita jayasvAlajIe saM. 1984mAM atyAre pracalita mAnyatA evI baMdhAyelI che ke, o. pI. se. pu. 13 sana (33) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 4 (32) jIo ja. bI. 1927 5. 223 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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: - htt va : : : : cedi vaMzIomAM [ dazama khaMDa A cedivaza sthApaka mahArAjA kSemarAja ceMdavaMzanA chaThThA puruSa tarIke oLakhAvyo hato. te hato. eTale ke tene Adya puruSa hisAbe kSemarAjano naMbara cotho gaNAya. eTale te AkhI vaMzA tarIke lekhAve che. kemake cakravartI khA- pUrvenA bIjA rAjAo vize tapAsa karavI ja rahe. vaLImAM tenuM sevele pite ja hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM teTalAmAM pu. 1. pR. 167 TI. naM. 4mAM jaNAvyA sthAna potAnA vaMzanI oLakha ApatAM pramANenA mAsikano aMka maLI gayo temAMthI zobhana paMkita 16 mI) pitAnA dAdA kSema- rAya ane caMDarAyanAM be khUTatAM nAma maLI gayAM. rAja ane pitA vRddhirAjanAM nAma ApyAM che eTale eTale karaphaMDu mahArAjane mULa sthApakanA ucca sahaja anumAna laI zakAya che ke, kSemarAja te prathama sthAna gaThavatAM, kSemarAjano naMbara cothe ane puruSa vRddhirAja te bIje ane khAravela pote trIjo khAravelane barAbara cha AvI gayuM. A saMkalanA purUSa hoI zake; vaLI A kalpanAne e uparathI samarthana ane guthaNIne te pachI anya sthAnethI paNa bahu maLI gayuM ke te zilAlekhanI paMkti bIjIne aMtima majabUtAI maLI gaI (jenuM vivecana hAthIguMphAnA zabda "tani'=trIje che ane trIjI paMkitanA AraMbhe varNana uparathI samajI zakAze, eTale te kalpanAne 'puriyuge'=purUSuga zabda lakhAyela che eTale tati sthAne daDha nirNaya thaI gayo che ane A uparathI purisayugane artha trIjI peDhIe khAravela thayela che je dhazAvaLI ubhI karI zakAI che tenuM varNana pu. 1mAM ema vAtane meLa utArI dIdho. jyAre kharI rIte karavAmAM AvI gayuM che. TUMkamAM kahevAnuM ke, ceditrIjI peDhI' tyAM bhAvArtha karavAno nathI paNa uparamAM vaMzanI vaMzAvaLImAM kSemarAjanuM sthAna prathama nahIM paNa cedivaMzanA traNa vibhAgovALA pArigrAphamAM ane 'kara. cothA naMbare gaNavuM rahe che. kaMDa pachI ke? vALA pArigrAphamAM ApaNe je pari. teNe kaliMganI gAdI I. sa. pU. 475-4mAM sthiti varNavI gayA chIe te ja kharI rIte sthiti kabaje karI che ane 36 varSa lagabhaga rAjaya banI rahI hatI eTale khAtrI thaze ke uparanI paMktimAM bhogavyuM che. eTale tenA rAjyane "puriyuga" zabda kevA bhAvArthamAM mULakartAe vAparyo tene rAjyakALa aMta I. sa. 439mAM AvyuM hato. A pramANe meM ukela zodhI rAkhyA hatA. tevAmAM umara tathA rAjya hatuM ema gaNavuM rahe che. te aNaciMtyA mArge tene samarthana maLI gayuM. I. sa. 1929 vistAra keTalA varSanI umare gAdIpati mAM lAhera mukAme akhila bhAratIya prAcyavidyA banyo hato te hakIkata kayAMya pariSadanuM pAMcamuM adhivezana bharAyuM hatuM te samaye nIkaLatI nathI. paraMtu tenA jIvanamAM teNe je bahAdurI baMgALa-AsAma taraphanA che. A nAmanA vidvAne batAvI che tathA pitAnAM maryAdita sAdhana hovA khAravela mahArAjA saMbaMdhI eka lekha vAMo hatA, chatAM. saMgrAmanipuNa ane sainyapatinA darajaje rahI temAM temaNe (je huM bhUlatuM na hatuM te) khAravelane aneka yuddhamAM vijetA banela naMdivardhana jevA rAjavInI (3) jue pu. 1 pR. 294 TI. naM. 9H A mAsikanuM deTalIya guMcane nIkAla thaI gayA che. nAma "anekAMta' che. dilhIthI karATa thatuM DatuM. tenA pu. 1 (35) vidvAnoe A samaya kabUla rAkhe che tema kiraNa 3 thI 6 (I. sa. 1930) mAM pU. mu. zrI kalyANa- AgaLa pAchaLanA aitihAsika banAvAnI sAthe tene sumeLa vijayajIe tathA anya vidvAnoe carcA upADI che, ane puravAra thaI jAya che eTale ApaNe tenI carcAmAM utaravAema TharAvyuM che ke A vaMzAvaLI bahu AdhAra bhUta nathI paruM rahetuM nathI. chatAM kahevuM paDe che ke, bhale saze te AdhArabhUta nathI ja (36) juo pu. 1 5. 392 mAM Apela ceGiparaMtu temAMthI ghaNuM navuM navuM tatva maLI AvyuM che jethI patinI vaMzAvaLI,

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prathama paricheda ] kSemarAjanuM sthAna 243 sAme paNa Takkara jhIlI te jhIlI paraMtu aMte phAvavA nadI vaccenA samudrataTavALo pradeza ja gaNAtI hatI. vadho paNa nathI; te sthiti evA anumAna upara tyAre maMdivardhana ane kSemarAja vacce yuddha-hAthIApaNane laI jAya che ke te paNa yuddhakaLAmAM kuzaLatA guphAnA lekhamAM varNavAyelI janapratimAvALo banAva meLavIne sArI rIte rIDha thaI gayo hovo joIe. te orisAnA kaTaka mahAlamAM banavA pAmyo che, A saMjogomAM ApaNe tenI umara gAdIe beThe kemake te janapratimA naMdivardhana te prAMtamAMthI upADI tyAre kamamAM kama 30 ane vadhAremAM vadhAre 40nI gayAnuM lakhANa maLe che; eTale siddha thAya che ke te TevIe te khoTuM nathI. chatAM sahisalAmatInI hada je jagyA upara te samaye magadhano adhikAra nahoto ja. 35nI laIe ane temAM 36 varSane tene rAjyakALa matalaba ke, yuddhanuM maMDANa thayuM te pUrve te saghaLo bhAga umerIe to 70 uparanuM AyuSya teNe bhogavyuM hatuMrAjA kSemarAje potAnA adhikAramAM meLavI lIdhe ema siddha thAya che. hatuM. A anumAnane ja. e. bI. rI. se. pu. 3 - rAyavistAranI bAbata vicArIe. upara pR. 482 (juo uparamAM pR. 236 mAM TAMkeluM) vALuM pR. 239 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke, teNe svataMtrapaNe rAja- vAkya sAkSIrUpa thAya che. sAra e thayo ke kaliMga lagAma grahaNa karI tyAre be sthitimAM te havAnuM prAMtanI IzAna khUNano keTaloka bhAga, jene urIya kalpI zakAya che. kAM te pote taddana navIna svarUpamAM ja prAMta8 kahevAtA (athavA jene hAla orissA pragaTI nIkaLyo hoya, ke pote magadhasamrATanA sUbA kahevAya che) hatA te prAraMbhamAM kaliMganI hakumatamAM tarIke te mulaka upara adhikAra bhogavI rahyo hoya. nahatA te teNe 475-468nA sAta varSanA gALAmAM prathamanI sthiti je banavA pAmI hoya che, tenA jItI lIdhA hatA ane kaliMga sAmrAjyanI hada, hastaka bahu juja pradeza ja hovo joIe, ane mahAnadIthI AgaLa vadhArIne te have suvarNarekhA nadI bIjI sthiti pravartI rahI hoya te vaMza ane kaliMgadeza sudhI laMbAvI gayo hato. kadAca tethI paNa AgaLa e be prAMte tenI hakumatamAM hatA ja ema mAnavuM vadhI gayo che. temaja rAjakIya paristhitine sarva rahe. bemAMthI game te saMga ka tapaNuM eTale rIte pahoMcI vaLAya mATe pitAnI rAjagAdI paNa teNe to sAra nIkaLe ja che ke, teNe gAdI I. sa. pU. pheravI nAkhI hatI. vezadezanA mukhya nagaranuM nAma 475mAM jamAvavA mAMDI tyAre thoDI ja bhUmi tenA bauddha graMtho uparathI daMtapura hovAnuM jaNAya che; hAthamAM hatI ane jyAre naMdivardhana-naMda pahelA sAthe jyAre kaliMganuM kaMcanapura hovAnuM manAya che. paraMtu i. sa. pU. 468 AsapAsa37 yuddhamAM te utaryo tyAre teNe mahArAjA kSemarAja te khaseDIne vartamAna kALe kaTaka temAM ghaNo vadhAro karI dIdhuM hatuM. have bIjI bAju jIllAmAM samudra taTa upara Avela jagannAthapurInA ApaNe "cedidezanI sImAnuM varNana karatAM kahI gayA tIrthadhAma pAsenA cilkA sarovaranA kAMThe Avela chIe ke, te samaye kaliMgadezamAM, hAlanA orisA sthAna upara laI gayo hato. te sthAna teNe navuM prAMtavALA saMbalapura,pUrI,aMgUla ane kaTaka jillAono vasAvyuM hatuM ke asala hatuM tene samRddha banAvyuM hatuM samAveza thato nahate; eTale ke kaliMgadezanI (nahIM temaja zuM nAma teNe tene ApyuM hatuM te nizcitapaNe ke kaliMga sAmrAjyanI) hada mahAnadI ane godAvarI kahI zakAya evuM nathI ja paraMtu samrATa priyadarzinanA (37) A samaya mATe juo pu. 1 pU. 400nI vasI rahI hatI te manane mulAka, ema kahevAne bhAvArtha che samayAvaLI tathA temAM ApelI sAhebate. eTaluM samajavuM. A prAMtanI agatyatA tene ane tene (38) Ane pharIya prAMto ke 74 mAtA kahe. nAma game te dharmane mATe zA mATe ghaNI dekhAI hatI te mATe AgaLa Ape, paNa je prajA te samaye elisa prAMtavALI bhUmimAM varNana ApavAmAM Avaze Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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244 kaliMganI | [ dazama khaMDa zilAlekha uparathI tenuM nAma tanasulIyanagarI39 khelelAM teNe yuddha; tathA bIjI bAju, hAthIguphAmAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. kerAyelA zabdo ke, rAjA naMdivardhana kaliMgamAMthI rAjadhAnI tarIke A sthAna ja zA mATe pasaMda chanapratimA upADI gayo che eTale ke te vakhate paNa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM athavA bIjA zabdomAM kahIe janapratimA rAjanagare birAjIta thayelI hatI ja. te A sthAnanuM mahattva te samaye keTaluM aMkAtuM hatuM A pramANe kaliMga sAmrAjyanI hada uttare te hakIkata upara prakAza pADavAnI paNa agatyatA che. suvarNarekhA nadI ke tethI paNa AgaLa vadhI heya, je te rAmajAya te magadhapati ane kaliMgapati mATe dakSiNe godAvarI nadI, pUrvamAM samudrataTa, ane pazcime vAraMvAra je yuddhanI nebate gaDagaDI rahI hatI tenuM vizadeza--eTale chattIsagaDha jIllo ane bastara kAraNa ApoApa ughADuM thaI jaze. paraMtu te viSayanuM rAjyavALo pradeza-sudhI laMbAI hoya ema samajAya varNana vistArapUrvaka AgaLa ApavAnuM che eTale che. vaMzanI pazcime aMgadezano koI bhAga teNe chatI ATale IzAro karIne bIjA muddA upara AvIe; lIdhuM hatuM ke kema te jaNAyuM nathI. jo ke eTaluM ke A sthAnanI pasaMdagI-rAjapATanI pherabadalI- te naMdivardhananA rAjyaamale siddha thaI gayuM che ke teNe karI hatI ke rAjA khAravele? eka hakIkata teNe varADanA mahArathIone jItI lIdhA hatA. eTale evA anumAna upara laI jAya che ke te sthAna pachI aMgadeza magadhanA tAbe ja hatA ema gaNavuM khAravelanI pasaMdagInuM devuM joIe, kemake gagA nadInI paDaze. tethI aMgadezane samAveza kaliMga rAjyamAM je nahera rAjA naMdivardhane khodAvI rAkhI hatI te nahIM thato hoya ema hAla te mAnI levuM rahe che. teNe ja laMbAvIne pitAnA nagare ANI hatI. paraMtu naMdivardhana eka vakhata (I. sa. pU. 468mAM) hAthIguphAnA lekhanI je paMkti (juo chaThThI)mAM A kaliMga upara caDAI karIne jyArathI janapratimA samAcAra che temAM ke tenI pUrvenI koI anya upADI laI gayo tyArathI tene, temaja sAmA pakSe paMktimAM teNe te prAMta jItI lIdhuM hoya evI mAhitI kSemarAjane, baMnene arasaparasa khAtarI thaI gaI hatI nIkaLatI nathI. eTale tenA pUrvenA be rAjA-tenA ke, ekabIjAthI koI gAMgyuM jAya tema nathI. eTale pitA ke dAdA-mAMthI koIe te pradeza ja hato pitAnA jIvanamAM keIe ekabIjAnuM nAma pharIne ema sAbita thayuM. tema tenA pitA, vRddhirAjanA lIdhuM nathI ja. jethI kahevuM paDaze ke rAjA kSemarAje samaye rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa kevuM taMga ke saraLa hatuM te pitAnuM zeSa jIvana zAMtipUrvaka rAjavahIvaTa karavAmAM ja vizenI hakIkta kyAMya upalabdha thatI nathI. vaLI pasAra karyuM hatuM. tene rAjaamala, kSemarAjanI tulanAmAM alpa che mahArAja mahAmedhavAhana trikaliMgAdhipatinI gAdI eTale tene pradeza jItavA jeTale samaya maLyo hoya upara rAjA kSemarAja Avyo che tema mAnI zakAtuM nathI. tema magadhanI bIjI rAjadvArI kaliMganI rAja. chatAM, temAMne aMgadeza magajamAM sthiti tathA tenI umara jotAM paNa te banAvI tene dhAnI levAI gayuM hovAthI tenA kabarAjya banyA hovAnuM asaMbhavita jaNAya che. eTale jAmAM vaMza ane kaliMga-ema be ja ema spaSTa thAya che ke, mahArAja kSemarAjanA samaye ja pradeze AvyA hatA. temAMnA vaMza dezanI rAjadhAnI daMtapura badhuM banavA pAmyuM hatuM. Ane TekArUpa be hakIkata (juo pu. 1. 5. 146) ane kaliMganI rAjadhAnI che. eka teNe batAveluM zaurya ane AkhI jIMdagI kaMcanapura (teja pRSTha) hevAnuM ApaNe kahI gayA (39) tanasulIya nAma nagaranuM hoya tenA karatAM je nAma hovA vadhAre saMbhava che (te mATe hAthI gaMphAnA pradezamAM A nagarI-rAjanagara AvI hatuM te pradezanuM varNanamAM paMDita 1nuM vivecana juo.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] chIe. vaLI vaMzadezanuM sthAna vartamAna kALe chattosa gaDha ane kharatara rAjyavALA pradezamAM heAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che eTale daMtapura zahera te sthAnamAMja kayAMka AchyuM gaNuAro; jyAre kaliMganI hada vamAna mahAnadI ane gAdAvarI vaccenA pradezamAM ja samAI jatI hatI, eTale kaMcanapuranuM sthAna te vistAramAMthI kadAca anya sthaLe paNa hAya athavA mahAnadInA mukhavALA pradezamAM paNa hAya. paraMtu te khAkhata anizcita heAvAthI ApaNe te vize mAna sevyuM che. alakhatta pAchaLathI, eTale kSemarAje mahAnadInI uttaramAM Avela eri sAthe prAMta jItI karIne jyAre suvarNarekhA nadI sudhI kuliMganI hada laMbAvI hatI, tyAre teA tenI rAjadhAnI mahAnadInA mukha pAsenA cilkA sarAvara vALA pradezamAM hatI ja. paraMtu atra kahevAnI matalakha e che ke, tyAM AgaLa rAjadhAnI agAuthI ja hatI ke mahArAja kSemarAje karI hatI tenI kharAkhara khAtrI maLatI nathI. khanavA joga che ke, mahArAjA karakaMDunA samaye paNa te pradezamAM ja hatI eTale kSemarAje svataMtratA jAhera karI tyAre pazu tyAM ja haze. khAkI eTaluM saMbhavita che ke, jo sthAnanI phera badalI karavAmAM AvI ja hAya tA khahu lAMbe dUra nahIM ja thai hAya paNa pacIseka mAIlanA aMtaramAM ja thaI haze. upara pramANe mArUM maMtavya che; sAthe vinAnAM maMtavya paNa jANI levA jarUrI che, tethI je vAMcavAmAM AvyuM che te atra raju karIzuM. jyAre cedi, rAjadhAnI (40) uparanA vanamAM jIe; tene cilkA sarovara vALA pradezamAM gaNAya. eTale jyAM jagannAthapurImAM kevAnuM manAya che tyAM; vizeSamAM AgaLanA paricchede jue, (41) ja, A. hi. rI. se, pu. 2 bhAga 1 pR. 3 (temAM lakhyuM che ke, uttara kaliMganI rAjadhAnI siMhapuramAM ane dakSiNanI rAjadhAnI pilapuramAM hatI) (42) nue ja. AM. hi, rI. se|. pu. 2 bhAga 1 1. 22 temAM A 'tapurane jagannAthapurInA sthAna tarIke jaNAvyuM che temAM buddhane viSNunA avatAra tarIke pUjAtA hAvAnuM vidhAna karyuM che. vaLI jaNAve che ke, siMhapura (The city of Lion) nAma pheravIne dAMtapura (The Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 245 ke aMga ane vaMza nAma vize bhinna bhinna mata paDayA che tyAre svabhAvika che ke te dezanI rAjadhAnInAM sthAna vize te matabheda paDe ja. eTale temanI mAnyatAmAM keTaluMka aMtara dekhAze ja. kAikanA mate tenAM nAma kaMcanapura40, kapilapura41, daMtapura42, ane maNipura 3, hatAM, tathA te pratyekanAM saMbhavita sthAna vamAnanAM jagannAya4, vijayanagara45, rAjamahedrI, ane gaMjAma zahera tarIke gaNAvyAM che. jyAre kAI ke ema paNa jaNAvyuM che 347 kaliMganA be vibhAga pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. eka uttara ane khIjo dakSiNa; uttaranI rAjadhAnI siMhapuramAM ane dakSiNanI kapilapuramAM hatI; vaLI mahAbhAratamAM tenA pATanagaranuM nAma rAjapurI49 ke yayAtinagara49 heAvAnuM paNa eka vidvAne jaNAvyuM che. A pustakanA lekhake te| bIjAM paNa keTalAMka sUcanA karyA che, jene sAra A pramANe nIkaLatA rahI zakAya. jo ke temaNe khAravelane samaya AMkIne te sthAnane nirdeza karyo che. paraMtu ApaNe tene kSemarAjanA rAjapATa tarIke gaNIe te krAi mahattvanA pheraphAra tethI thaI jAya che tema TharavAnuM nathI kemake ukta khanne rAjavIenA samaye rAjya vistAramAM bhale ghaNA pheraphAra thaI gayA che chatAM temaNe rAjanagaranuM sthAna pheravI nAMkhyuM hatuM evuM kayAMya noMdhAyuM nathI. temanA mata pramANe ( jue majakura pustaka pR. 4) pritUdakada nAma paNa che; tema yayAtinagara (pR. 7) jene pAchaLathI Adinagara kahevAyuM che ane city of Tooth) nAma pADavAmAM AvyuM che. ( kAraNa nathI jaNAvyuM paNa samajAya che ke, je evI mAnyatA atyAre pracalita che ke, tyAM buddha bhagavAnanA avaroSamAMnA dAMta sara sAyA che te uparathI A nAma rakhAyuM che) (43) uparano TI, na. 41 vALu' pustaka jI. (44) uparanI TI. na. 40, 41 tathA 42 jue (45) re. ve. 1. pu. 2 pR. 107 TI, na, 60 jIe (46) uparanI TI. naM. 45 jue. (47) uparanI TI. naM. 41 jue. (48) 4. AM. hi. rI. se|. pu. 2 bhAga 1 12 (49) majakura pustaka pu, cha www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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246 tenA dharma tathA [ dazama khaMDa je hAlanuM mahI nadI uparanuM sonapura zahera gaNAya che gaNanApara karavAmAM AvI che. jeno khulAso AgaLa te paNa che; tema (pR. 15) hAlanA ghelI gAme jyAM upara hAtha guphAnA lekhanuM varNana karatAM ApavAmAM priyadarzinano khaDakalekha che tenI pazcime thoDeka dUra Avaze. matalaba ke, jema vaMzano AghapurUSa jainamatAkaliga nagarIne gaNAvI che; (pR. 23) vaLI vartamAna valaMbI hato, hAthIguMphane kartA rAja khAravela jene purIthI lagabhaga 8 thI 10 mAila, ane teTalAM ja hato tema mahArAja kSemarAja paNa jaina ja hatA. dUra cilkA sarovarathI je pahelI ane kAraMgA Ala eTale ke AkhA vaMzano dharma jaina hatuM ema svIkArI che tene paNa kaliganagarInuM sthAna kahe che. vaLI anya levuM rahe che. ATaluM temanA dharma vize TuMkamAM jaNAvI sthAne ema noMdha nIkaLe che ke kaliMganI roja- lIdhuM vaLI vizeSa AgaLa upara kaliMgajInI pratimAnA dhAnInuM nAma zrIkula hatuM tyAre eka bIjA lekhaka51 varNanamAM jaNAvIzuM. have temanA dharmane ane rAjapelA grIka elacI megelvenIjhane AdhAra TAMkIne nagaranA sthAnane zuM saMbaMdha ho te hakIkata AgaLa tenuM nAma pAlisa (Parthilyse) jaNAve che. upara vicAravAnuM pR. 245 mAM kahI gayA chIe te A pramANe jene je phAvyuM ane sUjhayuM tenuM nAma muddo carcAe. jaNAvyuM che. game te sthAna kare paraMtu tenI jagyA prasaMgopAta anekavAra kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, vartamAna jagannAthapurIthI 20-25 mAIlanA aMtaramAM vartamAnakALe narendrone bhUmi meLavavAne jeTalo thanaja heya ema moTA bhAgane mata paDe che. thanATa rahyA kare che teTaluM prAcIna samaye nahetA ja. jyAM zilAlekha jevA abhedya, atUTa ane aphara tema A hakIkata sAcitrone AdhAre paNa puravAra purAvA maLI AvatA hoya tyAM anya sAdhano karI batAvAI che. jethI karIne prAcIna samayanA zodhavAnI bhAMjagaDamAM utaravA samrAToe sikkAo upara pitAnuM mahesuM te eka tene dharma ane jevuM rahetuM ja nathI. tethI bAju rahyuM, paNa nAma suddhAMyev3 kotarAvyuM nathI. pATanagaranuM mahatva niHzaMkapaNe kahI zakAya che ke te je kAMI teo kotarAvavAnuM vizeSa mAnanIya gaNatA pote jena dharmAnuyAyI hatuM. te temanA dharmanA amuka amuka lAkSaNika gaNAtAM vizeSamAM tenA vaMzano mULa sthApaka mahArAjA karakaMDa cinho ja.54 A prakAranI temanI manodazAmAM je pote, te dharmanA anuyAyI hatuM eTaluM ja nahIM parivartana thavA pAmyuM che ane nAma tathA maherAM paNa pote rAjapada choDIne jainadIkSA laI sAdhu banyo ke tarAvavA maMDayA che te, jema jema avasapiNi kALa hata tathA kaivalyajJAnanI prApti karI muktipadane pAmyo AgaLa vadhate cAlavA lAgyo tenuM-kALadevanuM parihatA. eTale amuka sthitinA aMge pravattacakramAM tenI sAme ja mukhyapaNe samajavuM; temaja pAzcAtya prajAnA (50) ja, je. e. e pu. 8 pR. 6 dIdhI hatI. (A kAraNane lIdhe ja priyadarzinanA samayanI (51) bhA. prA. rAjavaMza pu. 2, pR. 99 koI pratimA upara-nAnI ke moTI kadanI tenuM nAma ke nizAna che ja nahIM. juo priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta) (52) jue pu. 1 pR. 170 TI. naM. 56 (53) jema sikkAmAM A sthiti mAlama paDe che tema (54) jue. pu2 dvitIya paricchede sikkA cinanuM samrATa priyadarizane te AgaLa vadhIne tenI keTalAya prakAranI varNana katimAM teja prathA aMgikAra karelI hatI. jevI ke, pracaMDa. (55) A kALadevanI-kudaratanIasara manuSya kAya mUrtio temaja nAnI mUrtio, je teNe karoDonI kevI paDI rahe che tene kAMIka khyAla pu. 1 nA prathama tathA saMkhyAmAM bharAvIne pratiSThA karAvI, maMdiramAM padharAvI ritIya pario ApI che te joI levA vinaMti che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] pATanagaranA mahAgya vize 247 saMsargamAM AvI temanI saMskRtinuM anukaraNa karAyuM khyAlamAM te heya ja; paraMtu jainetara vAcako mATe che te paNa kAMIka aMze samajavuM. TUMkamAM jaNAvIe. teo potAnA dharmapravartakene sikkAmAM te mAtra citra ja kotarAvavAnAM heya tIrthaMkara nAmathI saMbodhe che. teonI saMkhyA vIsanI che eTale te binA najIvI kahevAya. chatAM ye temAM che. teo jyAM nirvANa pAmyA che te sthAnanev7 jyAre upara jaNAvyA pramANe teo potAnI dharma tIrthabhUmi tarIke gaNe che uparanA covIsamAMthI vIsa pratyenI lAgaNI vyakta karavAnI civaTa dharAvatA tIrthakara samatazikhara nAmanA pahADa upara ane hatA tyAre, jyAM khuda dharmarakSaNane athavA dharmanA bAkInA cAra pRthaka pRthaka sthAne muktipadane varyA58 che, avalaMbanarU5 te dharmanA ISTadevanI pratimAno savAla rAmetazikhara upara je chellA tIrthakara mokSe gayA che ubho thA hoya tyAM to teo zuM zuM na kare ? are temanuM nAma pAzvanAtha de. A uparathI A pahADane kaho ke prANArpaNa karavAne paNa jarAye pAchI pAnI 'pArzvanAtha hADa" tarIke paNa sAmAnya rIte na kare-te rAmajI zakAya tevuM che. A kathananI khAtrI oLakhAvAya che. have samajAze ke jaina prajamAM A mahArAja kSemarAjanA jIvanamAMthI javalaMtapaNe maLatI pArzvanAtha pahADanuM mahAbhya zA mATe vadhAre aMkAya rahe che. che. A eka sthiti thaI. bIjI hakIkata ema che kSemarAjane dharmane-athavA te AkhA vaMzanA che, jene vIsa tIrthakarone eka sarakhA ja upakAraka dhamane--ane tenA rAjanagaranA sthAnanI mahatvatAne purUSa gaNune pUje che, paraMtu pite kenA zrAvaka- temaja hAthIguphAnA lekhakotarane paNa, te dharma sAthe bhakta gaNAya te mATe eka niyama TharAvAyela che. ati ghaniSTha saMbaMdha che. A saMbaMdhanuM mahAbhya jyArathI prathama tIrthaMkara potAnI prarUpaNA ApavI prathama samajI levAyuM hoya to ja temAMthI niSpanna zarU kare tyArathI mAMDIne bIjA tIrthakara pitAne thatI sthiti sahajamAM samajI zakAya. hAthIguphAne upadeza Apavo AraMbhe te samaya vaccenA AkhA lagatI je binA jaNAvavI jarUrI lAge che te tyAM gALAmAM je je jaina prajA hoya te badhI, prathama kahevAmAM Avaze. ahIM te pATanagaranA sthAnanI tIrthaMkaranA zAsanamAM gaNAya. pachI te gALAmAM prathamanA upayogitA ane janapratimA pratye teNe batAveluM tIrthakaranI zarIra dehe hayAtI heya yA nahIM. A bahumAna-e be prazno naMdivardhana sAthenA yuddha paratve niyamane AzrIne, pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara jemane AMka saMkaLAyela che eTale te be mudAne AzrayIne ja je trevIsamo che temanA samayathI eTale I. sa. pU. kahevAnuM hoya te kahI devuM rahe che. jene saMpradAyane 877thI, mahAvIra jemano AMka 24mo che temane lagatI A hakIkata che eTale te dharmavALAne te kevaLajJAnanI prApti thaI tyAMsudhI, eTale I. sa. pU. (56) pu. 3 mAM avaMtipati rAjA nahapAnuM vRttAMta saMsArI heya ke, dIkSA laIne muni paNe vicaratA hoya te tathA pu. 2 mAM tenA sikkA citranuM varNana juo. paNa temane tIrthakara ke ahaMna tarIke oLakhAvAya nahIM. (5) A sivAya bIjuM sthAnone paNa teo tIrthabhami- temane bahu tyAre dravya tIrthakara kahevAya, bhAvI (bhaviSyanA) kalyANaka bhUmi-kahe che ane pUje che te mATe juo pu. 2 athavA bhAva tIrthakara (tIrthakarane AtmA) paNa kahevAya pR. 371 TI. naM. 53 paraMtu kharA tIrthaMkara tarIke temane sanmAnAya nahIM. (58) A sthAna kayA kayA gaNAya che te mATe juo A pramANe pAzvanAthanuM kaivalyajJAna, temaNe I. sa. pu. 2, 5, 362 TI. naM. 28 tathA pu.1 pR. ra96 TI. naM. 17 pU. 877 mAM (juo pu. 1 pR. 97) dIkSA lIdhA pachI (59) jyAre kaivalya jJAna utpanna thAya tyAre ja tIrtha. keTalAka divaso bAda thayuM che, eTale uparanA hisAbe te dinathI karapadane-arhanapadane prApta thayA kahevAya. te pahelAM eTale ja temane ane pArzvanAtha kahevAya. te pahelAM nahIM ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[ dazama khaMDa mahArAja karaka unA svargavAsa pachI AkhA kaliMgadeza magadhanI hakumatamAM cAlo gayA hatA, eTale magadhapatinA manamAM te pAnAne ghera ja te sarva che ema lAgyA kare te svabhAvika che. vaLI zAlanarAya, caMDarAya i. ne amala hatA tyAre paNa magadhapatione UMcA nIcA thavAnuM kAraNa nahotuM ja, kemake te samaye paNa A pradeza eka rIte te peAtAnI ANumAM hatA ema ja kahI zakAya. paraMtu jevI mahArAja kSemarAje svataMtratA Ahera karI ke magadhapatine manamAM kAMInuM kAMi thai javA maMDe te dekhItuM che. vaLI jema liMgapati jainamatAvalaMbI dekhAya che. tema64 magadhapati paNa te ja dharmonuyAyI hatA. eTale bannene te sthAna paratve--temaja tyAMnI mUrti temane prabhAvika hoya te te mATe teA khAsa karIne mamatva baMdhAya ja. jethI kSemarAja svataMtra khanatAM tenA hradayamAM zAMti vyApe ane magadhapatine ukaLATa thavA mAMDe te dekhItuM che. naMdivardhanane A kAraNane laI te ghaNI ja tAlAvelI thaI rahI hatI. paraMtu tenI sthiti ati kakuMDI thaI paDI hatI. kemake, rAnna udayAzva ane anurUddhanA rAjaamale jema te sarvasattAdhIza sainyapati hatA, tema atyAre pazu hatA te kharA ja, chatAM te samayanA magadhapati samrATa rAjA muMdanI mAnasika sthitine laine tenI prathama krUraja ghara AgaLanuM badhuM saMbhALI levAnI hatI. jyAMsudhI te vAtane niveDe| na lavAya tyAMsudhI khaLatA hradaye paNu dhIraja dhArIne tene besI rahevuM paDyuM hatuM. paraMtu prajAjane rAjA muMjane gAdI uparathI uThADIne jevA tene rAjyAAiSeka karyo ke naMdivaryaMta 248 556 sudhI. je je sAdhue, sAdhvIe, zrAvaka ke zrAvikA, ema saghaLA caturvidha saMdha, potAne pArzvanAthanA bhakta tarIke ja gaNAve. A uparathI samajAze ke mahArAja karakaDunA rAjyArAneA samaya I. sa. pU. 558 hai!i te potAne pArzvanAthabhakta tarIke ja gaNAvatA hatA. eTale pote pArzvanAtha pahADa tarapha hRdayanA UMDA premathI ane dharmabuddhithI jue te turata samajI zakAze. temAM paNa te pahADanI taLeTI potAnA ja sattAdhikAravALA pradezamAM AvI rahI hoya te tenI premabhaktinI sImA kAM paheAMce, te sthiti varNavavA karatAM saheje kalpI zakAya tevI che. vaLI ApaNe joi gayA chIe ke te samaye pArzvanAtha pahADanI taLeTI, jyAM samrATa priyadarzine potAnA paulIne khaDakalekha ubhA karyA che tyAM hatI. A sthaLa kaliMganA sattApradezamAM ja hatuM. A pramANe sarva vastune meLa jAmela hAvAthI have vAcakavargane khAtrI thaze ke, A pArzvanAtha pahADanuM ane pArzvanAtha nAmanuM keTaluM keTaluM mahattva kaliMgapatione peAtAnA aMtaramAM ramI rahyuM hAvuM joie. A sarva kAraNane laine jema zizunAgavaMzI rAjA udayAne pATaliputramAM maMdira banAvIne jInapratimA padharAvI hatI12 tema mahArAjA karakaMDue paNa potAnA rAjyaamale, peAtAnI rAjadhAnImAM maMdira banAvIneke baMdhAyaluM heAya temAM-pArzvanAthanI pratimA 3 padharAvI hatI. te peAtAne karavAyeAgya svadharmAMnAM nityakarma tenI sAnidhye karatA hatA, have samajI zakAze ke A AkhAye pradezanI temaja khAsa karIne tenA rAjanagaranA sthAnanI keTalI keTalI mahattA hatI ! pATanagaranA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (60) mahAvIra-vardhamAna kumAre dIkSA lale i. sa. pU. 568 mAM lIdhI che. chatAM kevaLa jJAna i. sa. pU. 556mAM thayuM che eTale te khAra varSInA gALAmAM temane tIrthaMkara tarIke na oLakhI zakAya. tema teo keAI jAtanA dhakheAdharAvI paNa Ape nahIM. kAraNa mATe jIe pu. 2. pR. 5 TI. naM. 7. (6) jue. pu. 2. pR. 363 tathA tenuM vaSa~na uparamAM 1. 240, TIkA na. 30, (62) pratimA jema jUnI tema tenuM mahAtmya vadhAre gaNAya che. A pratimA taddana navI ja teNe banAvarAvI hatI ke, jUnA samayanI kAi bIna sthaLathI ANIne tyAM pa hatI te mATe AgaLa upara jue. (63) jue. pu. 1, pR. 304. (64) pu. 1 mAM magadhapati zizunAgavaMzInAM tathA nava zIonAM vRttAMte jue. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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prathama pariccheda ] potAnuM manaSAryuM karI levAnA niradhAra karyo. magadhamAM suvyavasthita karavA jevuM hatuM te karIne turata kSemarAja upara caDI gayA. khannene jabaradasta yuddha thayuM. keTalAka samaya vItI gayA chatAM nizcayapUrvaka pariNAma AvI na zakyuM. tevAmAM krama jANe naMdivardhanane varamALa arpavAnI kudaratanI ja IcchA na hoya tema, acAnaka magadhamAM ativRSTi thaI. seAna nadImAM pUra ubharAyAM ane rAjanagara pATaliputra bhayamAM AvI paDayuM. te samAcAra naMdivardhanane kAne paheAMcatAM, adhavacce ja samarakSetrane tyAga karIne tene potAnA vatana tarapha vidAya levI paDI. adhakacarI jItanI eMdhANI tarIke, rAjA kSemarAjane ke dezane te| kAMI hINapata pahoMcADI zakayA nahIM, paraMtu pArzvanAthanI je prabhAvika jInamUrti hatI te peAtAnI sAthe upADI gayA. pachI te tene aneka kAraNeAne lIdhe (te mATe jIe pu. 1 tenA vRttAMta) kaliMga tarapha mITa mAMDavA jeTalo paNa vakhata rahyo nahAtA. chevaTe naMdivardhana maraNa pAmyA ane kSemarAja paNa nizcitapaNe peAtAnuM zeSa AyuSya nirgamana karI maraNane zaraNu thayA. kSemarAja tarapha magadhapatie batAvela A apamAnanA--3. vera hA teneA--badalo tenA pautra rAjA khAravele, te ja naMdivardhananA vaMzaja naMda AThamA bRhaspatimitra upara caDAI karIne parAsta pamADI peAtAnA paga pAse namAvIne vALyA hatA. ane vizeSamAM te mUrti pAchI potAnA deze lAvI, jyAM hatI tyAM punaHsthApita karI dIdhI hatI. A hakIkata rAjA khAravelanA vRttAMte lakhavI paDaze te tyAMthI joI levI. mahAtmya vize (2) vRddhirAja kSemarAjanuM maraNu i. sa. pU. 439mAM thatAM, tenI gAdIe tenA putra vRddhirAja kheThA. maraNa samaye kSemarAjanI umara 70 varSa uparanI hatI eTale tenA yuvarAja A vRddhirAjanI umara 40-45 lagabhaga ke tethI kAMIka vadhAre paNa hAya tA nA nahIM. tene A samaye je jyeSTha putra hatA tenI umara paMdara varSanI hatI. te pAte gAdIpati thatAM, tenA putrane yuvarAja padavI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. A yuvarAjanuM nAma bhikhkhurAja hatuM. te-jyAre gAdIe beThA hatA tyAre phara Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 249 tenuM nAma rAjA khAravela rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. vRddhirAjanuM rAjya mAtra daza varSa ja cAlyuM che eTale tenA maraNa samaye, yuvarAja bhikhkhurAjanI umara cAvIsa utarIne pacIsamAM pravezI cUkI hatI. A uparathI vidvAnee ema TharAvyuM che ke te samaye rAjyAbhiSeka pacIsame varSe thatA hatA, te vAta rAsta nathI. gAdIe besavuM tenI sAthe umaranA saMbaMdha hateA ja nahIM. paraMtu rAjyAbhiSeka mATe--sagIra vaya ullaMghIne pukhta vaye pahoMcavAnI IyattA 13-14 varSanI hatI eTale nAnAmAM nAnI umare je kAI ne rAjalagAma soMpavAmAM AvatI te te A pramANe 14 varSano rahetI. A kissAmAM tA kumAra bhikhkhu rAja jyAre paMdara varSanA thayA hatA, tyAre yuvarAja banavA pAmyA che. ane daza varSamAM thoDAka mAsa kamatI hatA, tyAM tenA pitAnuM maraNa nIpajatAM pete 24 varSanI umara pUrI karIne kaliMgapati banyA hatA. rAjA vRddhirAjanA vakhatamAM kAi khAsa rAjakIya banAva banyAnuM . nedhAyuM nathI. tenAM khe eka kAraNa saMbhave che. eka teA pote 45 varSanA, OM balke tenAthI paNa AgaLa vadhIne dharaDA jevA thaI gayeA hatA eTale yudda vaheArI levA IcchA kare tema nahetuM. bIjI khAju tenA yuvarAjanI umara kAMkha evI meTI naheAtI thaI gaI ke laDAInA khAjo te upADI zake; te te| hajI yuvAvasthAmAM praveza karatA. hatAM ane vidyAprAptinA samaya tene mATe Avazyaka hatA. tema khIjI khAju magadhanI gAdIe naMda khIjAne amala zarU thaI gayAne daza upara varSo thai gayAM hatAM. te daramiyAna tenuM rAjya sudRDhapaNe pravartatuM cAlyuM jatuM hatuM. eTale te khAjI tarapha uttara dizAmAM AgaLa vadhavA jevuM nahatuM. pUrvamAM samudra hateA, pazcime magadhapatinA rAjyanI hada AvI rahI hatI. eTale tyAM pazu uttara dizAnA jevI ja sthiti hato. bAkI rahI mAtra dakSiNu dizA; te tarapha karliMganI hada gAdAvarInA taTa sudhI te paheAMcI ja gaI hatI. tenAthIye dakSiNe cAlA, pAva ane pAMDavA rAjAe hatA. te khAjI tenAM yuvarAjane lazkara laIne, pote gAdIpati banyA pachI keTaleka kALe-yuvarAje keTalIka vidyA saMpAdana karI www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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250. vRddhirAja ( [ dazama khaMDa saMdhA bAda-meka hato. tyAM teNe chata jevuM meLavyuM temAM teNe vRddhi te karIja hatI. tenI be traNa paNuM hatuM ane pAkI rIte yaza meLavyA jevuM pariNAma sAbitI hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMthI maLI Ave che. AvI pahoMce tevAmAM rAjA vRddhirAja pote maraNa temAM jaNAvyuM che ke rAjA khAravele gAdIe pAmyo. eTale yuvarAjane aDadhe rastethI pAchA vaLIne besatAM prathama varSa rAjanagare keTalIka marAmata karavAmAM para bhegA thavuM paDayuM hatuM. yuvarAjane dakSiNadeza jItavA gAyuM che ane bIjA ja varSe caturaMgI sainya sAthe mokalyo hato tethI spaSTa thAya che ke, tyAM sudhI tenI zatavAhana vaMzanA sthApaka rAjA zrImukhanI pAchaLa tabiyatamAM vAMdhA jevuM nahIM hoya. chatAM jyAre paDIne TheTha nAsika sudhI hAMkI kADhayo che; je ' yuvarAjane ekadama pAcho bolAvI levAnI sthiti gAdIe besatAM veta, zauryathI pitAthI caDhiyAtA, yuddha ubhI thaI che tyAre samajAya che ke rAjA vRddhirAjanuM kaLAmAM rIDhA, tema rAjakAraNamAM paNa paTu banelA maraNa ocituM ja thayuM haze. pachI tenI vRddhAvasthAne harIphane trAhI trAhI karAvI zake, te kAMI pote lIdhe maMdavADa bhagavyA vinA ja AMkha mIMcAI gaI meLavela rAjahakumata ane sainyanI sarakArIne lIdhe ja hoya ke koIka akasmAtamAM sapaDAyo hoya ane tethI kevaLa hoya tenA karatAM, pitAne vArasAmAM maLela turata maraNa nIpajayuM heya. rAjabaLa-sattA sAmagrIne lIdhe che ema mAnavuM vadhAre uparanA varNanathI ema sAra nIkaLI zake che ke ucIta kahevAze. eTale vRddhirAje nijhAma rAjyavALA vRddhirAjanA samaye kaliMga sAmrAjyane vistAra mahA- bhAga upara potAnI sattA jamAvI dIdhI hatI ema rAja kSemarAjanA maraNa samaye je hatuM temAM ghaNuM vRddhi mAnavuM ja rahe che; te sthiti nIpajAvavAmAM pachI thavA pAmI hatI. A vRddhi dakSiNahiMdanA pazcima taTa bhale yuvarAja khAravelaneja mukhya hAtha hoya. chatAM uparanA pradezamAM ja mukhyatve thaI hatI. tenA kAryavAhaka te banAva pitA vRddhirAjanA rAjyakALa banyo hovAthI ane netA tarIke yuvarAja bhikhurAjane ja hAtha saMbhave che. tenI kIrti te tenA phALe ja caDAvatI rahe che. bIjI yuvarAje je caDAI dakSiNamAM pAMDavA rAjya upara hakIkata dakSiNa hiMda tarapha yuvarAje karelI kacane tathA siMhaladvIpa tarapha karI hatI tenuM varNana hAthI- lagatI kahevAya. upara tenuM varNana karI devAyuM che. guphAnA zilAlekhamAM pita karela che ane tenuM uDatuM eTale siddha thAya che ke rAjA vRddhirAjanA samaye vRtAMta ApaNe rAjA khAravelanA jIvanacaritra karavAnuMja dakSiNa hiMdanA ghaNA moTA bhAga upara kaliMgapatinI che eTale atra vizeSa karavA jevuM rahetuM nathI. rAjA vRddhi nejA pharakatI zarU thaI gaI hatI. matalaba e thaI ke, rAjanuM maraNa i. sa. pU.429mAM thayAnuM noMdhavuM rahe che. rAjA kSemarAje vArasAmAM Apela pradezamAM, rAjA tenuM nAma je vRddhirAja che te teNe sArthaka karI vRddhirAje potAnA rAjya amale, pazcime Avela batAvyuM lAge che. te nAma teNe gAdIe AvatAM ja nIjhAmI pradezavALA mulakanI tathA kRSNA nadInI dhAraNa karyuM hatuM ke, teNe rAjaya pradezamAM ati vRddhi dakSiNe Avela ghaNuM moTA bhAganI vRddhi karI hatI; karI dIdhI hovAthI, jema rAjA naMda pahelAne naMdi- ane AvA vRddhigata rAjyanI salAmata gAdI upara vardhananI upamA devAI hatI tema Ane paNa vRddhine birAjavAne rAjA khAravela bhAgyavaMta thayo hato ke rAja kahIne bolAvavAmAM Avyo hato te vizenI jethI gAdIe besatAM turata ja potAnA harIphane haMphAvI pUratI mAhitI maLatI nathI. paraMtu eTaluM to cokkasa tenA upara jIta meLavIne, temane (aMdhapatione AMdhra lAge che ke, potAne vArasAmAM je mulaka maLyo hate bhatyAjha7 tarIke oLakhAvavAnI pharaja pADI hatI. (15) AgaLa upara hAkIguphAnA lekhamAM 5kita 2 ja pu. 76 pR. 81 thI 95 yugapurANanI hakIktanuM avataraNa, nuM varNana juo. tyAM zAtavaMzI ariSThakarNane pIcho zakarAjAe lIdhAnI hakIkta () zilAlekhamAM rAtakaraNa rAjA lakhyo che. paraMtu tene che. te ariSThakanuM A zrImukha zAtakaraNane vaMza ja che. zAta rAjA tarIke paNa oLakhAvyo che, jIo buddhi prakAza (17) AMbabhratyAganA artha mATe jue. pu. 3,5,74-75.

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- dvitIya pariccheda cedivaMza (cAlu) TUMkasAra--(3) rAjA khAla, u bhikhurAja urphe dharmarAja-tene samaya je manAye che tenAthI keTaleya pUrve te che, tenI upADela carcA-pracalita mAnyatA che ke magadhapati bahaspatimitra te ja puSyamitra gaNAya, tenI asatyatA sAbita karavA mATe, ApavA paDelA lagabhaga vIsa purAvA tathA te upara karele vidhavidha daSTie vivAdauparAMta judI ja rIte carcA upADIne tene karI Apela nirNaya- hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM je 10ne AMka vAparavAmAM Avyo che tene vidvAnoe naMda ane morya saMvatane gaNAve che, paraMtu te tema nathI, tenI lIdhelI aneka dRSTithI tapAsa-ane bhinna bhinna vityA batAvI ApelI tenI azakayatA-vaLI te AMka ceri. saMvatane ke mahAvIra saMvatane hoI zake ke kema tenI paNa carcA upADIne, chevaTe badhI Apela niradhA--

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252 khAravelano [ dazama khaMDa (3) khAravela; bhikhurAja; dharmarAja' viSayamAM rasa-AnaMda lenAra lagabhaga sarva vidvAnoe rAjA vRddhirAjanA maraNa pachI tene yuvarAja eka avAje evo mata bAMdhe che ke, rAjA khArabhikhurAja I. sa. pU. 4ra9ma. saM. 98mAM khAra- vela te zuMgavaMzanA sthApaka puSyamitrane samakAlIna vela nAma dhAraNa karI kaliMga sAmrAjyane samrATa hato. temaja A puSyamitrane samaya, mAtra thoDAMka varSanI banyo hato. vadhaghaTa sivAya lagabhaga cekasa karI zakAya che. A gata paricchede cedinI utpatti vizenI carcA uparathI khAravelano samaya paNa nakkI karI, tenA karatAM sAbita karI gayA chIe ke, cedivaMza ane pUrvajana-vRddhirAja tathA kSemarAjano-samaya temanA cedideza te be nAmane kaMIka rAjyakALanA AMkaDA mUkI, gaNI kADhavAmAM Avyo tene samaya akaLa kAraNane lIdheja joDANa che. ApaNe paNa temanAja pagale cAlIne prathama thaI gayuM che. jema A prazna khAravelane samaya nakkI karavAno prayAsa karyo che ane vismayanuM eka aMga banI cUkayuM che, tema kaliMgapati te goThavAI javAthI tenA AdhAre prathamanA be tarIke cedivaMzanuM nAma paNa bhAratanA prAcIna Iti- purUSone rAjyakALa AMkI kADhayo che. A kAraNane hAsamAM amUka-khAsa prasaMgane laIne ja AgaLa paDI lIdheja atyAra sudhI pragaTa thaI cUkela dareka pustakamAM gayuM che. cedivaMzanuM nAma kaliMgapati tarIke je maza- jyAM jyAM vaMzanA prAraMbhanA samaya vize kAMI paNa hura thaIne khyAti pAmyuM hoya te A khAravela ullekha karavAnI jarUra lAgatI, tyAM tyAM tene nizcita cakravatIe kAtarAvela hAthIguphAnA zilAlekhane lIdhe ja karI rAkhela samaya ja jaNAvI dIdho che ane rImArkache. tema khuda kaliMganuM nAma hiMdI ItihAsanA rasa noMdha karI che ke, vizeSa AdhAra ane purAvAnA purUSo ane abhyAsIonA che jo caDavA pAmyuM pramANa ApI carcA karavAnuM ane nirNaya upara hoya te khAravela cakravartAnI kArakida karatAM tyAM AvavAnuM kAma, rAjA khAravelanuM jIvana lakhavAno ubhA karAvela samrATa priyadarzinanA khaDaka lekhane ja prazna upasthita thAya tyAM sudhI te viSaya mulatavI vizeSa aMze AbhArI che. eTale kaliMga dezanA rAja- rAkhavAnI jarUra che. have te sthiti AvI pahoMcI kIya itihAsa sAthe A be mahAparAkramI rAjavIonAM che eTale tenI vistArapUrvaka carcA karIzuM. jIvanane ghATo saMbaMdha have joIe ema kalpI zakAya vidvAnee ane niSNAtoe puSyamitrane ane che. A bemAMnA vizeSa pratApI samrATa priyadarzinanA khAravelane samakAlIna mAnyuM hovAnuM jaNAvI gayA samayanuM varNana pu. mAM tenA jIvanavRttAMta lakhatI chIe. Ama karavAmAM temaNe rAjA khAravelanA hAthIvakhate jaNAvI gayA chIe, jyAre cakravatI khAra. guphAnA zilAlekhamAM darzAvela keTalIka hakIkata upara velanuM vRttAMta A pariccheda karavuM rahe che. te jANI tathA temAMnA eka be sthaLe tenA samayadarzana mATe lIdhA bAda, te bannenI sarakhAmaNI karavAnuM ApaNe TAMkela AMka saMkhyA upara, mukhyapaNe AdhAra rAkhyo mATe sUtara thaI paDaze. che. eTale darajaje ApaNe paNa temanuM ja anukaraNa A kaliMgapati cedivaMzI rAjAonA samayanI karyuM che, paraMtu je matabheda ubho thayo che te, te goThavaNuM hAthaphAnA zilAlekhamAM kotarAvela banA AMkaDAnI mAnyatAne aMgeja thayo che. nI samayAvaLInA AdhAre karavAmAM AvI che. A te AMkaDAnI carcA paNa rasaprada to che ja, paraMtu (1) A nAmo teNe pote dhArela hatAM evuM teNe (2) teTalA mATe A banne rAjAvIonAM rAjakIya katarAvela hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI spaSTa thAya che. te mATe tathA sAmAjIka jIvananI sarakhAmaNuM AgaLa upara karI batAjAo AgaLanA tutIya pari vavI paDI che,

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dvitIya paricheda ] samaya 253 te samajavAne kAragata thaI paDe tevI bhUmikA ubhI rIte teno samaya TharAvavA mATenA je aneka muddAo karavAnI AvazyakatA dekhAya che. te mATe nakArAtmaka AgaLanA pArigrAphamAM TAMkIne te upara carcA jagADI purAvA (Negative proofs) prathama laIne amuka che temAMnA keTalAka te prasaMgopAta ane pRthakapaNe sthiti pramANa puraspara sthApita karIzuM. te bAda AvI gayA hazeja, te sarva prathama vAMcI javAthI pratyakSa-hakArAtmaka purAvA (Positive proofs) atra karavAmAM Avela vivAdanI majabUtAI vizeSapaNe laine te sthitine majabUta karIzuM ane chevaTe daSTigocara thaze. Affirmative proofs (nizcayadarzaka purAvAthI)nI nakArAtmaka tathA pakSa muddAo tapAsaNI karIne tene nizcita karIzuM. A traNa jAtanAM (Negative and indirect evidences) pramANane je nirdeza atra karavAmAM Avyo che (1) AMdhavaMzanA sthApaka tarIke zAtakaraNI te saghaLAM aitihAsika banAvonAM ja che eTale tenI zrImukhane gaNavAmAM Avyo che. vaLI rANuM nAganikAe satyAsatyatA vize ApaNe badhA nirbhayaja rahI zakIzuM. ketarAvela zilAlekhanI hakIkatanA AdhAre tUTatA maMDA A banAva uparathI eka vakhata jevI bhUmikA siddhi meLavIne ja tene puSyamitrane samakAlIna karAvyo che. thaI gaI che, pachI tene AMkaDAnI kasoTIe kasI eTale ke rAjA puSyamitra tathA zimukhanI hayAtI jotAM jarA paNa vilaMba thavAnuM nathI. pariNAme atyAra AMbavaMzanI utpatti thaI te samayanI mAnavAmAM AvI sudhI cAlI AvelI mAnyatAmAM-ke rAjA khAravela che. A eka sthiti thaI; bIjI bAju, cavata khAravele ane puSyamitra bane eka bIjAnA samakAlIna hatA kAtarAvela hAthIguphAnA zilAlekha AdhAre suprasiha temAM, kiMcita paNa aMza samAyela che ke kema te vAta che ke, rAjA zrImukhane teNe pote harAvyo hato. vAcaka samakSa ApoApa dIpakanI peThe pratyakSa thaI jaze. eTale ke rAjA zrImukha tathA cakavartI khAravela eka prathama ApaNe nakArAtmaka prasaMgenI samAlocanA bIjAnA samakAlIna thayA, have jyAre rAjA zrImukha karIzuM, eTale ke puSyamitra ane khAravela eka bIjAnA eka pakSe rAjA puSyamitrane samakAlIna ane bIjA sahakALavatI hoI na zake tenI dalIle vicArI pakSe cakravatI khAravelane samakAlIna thayo che, tyAre joIzuM. AmAMnI keTalIka carcA pu. 3 5, 66 thI bhUmitinA siddhAMta pramANe te traNe rAjavIo arasa sudhI puSyamitranA vRttAMta nIce karI gayA chIe parasanA sahamayI thayAja kahevAya. A pramANe te joI levI. banavA joga che ke tyAM lakhela viga- vartamAnakALe eka aitihAsika vidhAnanI racanA karavAmAM tenuM ahIM, eka yA bIjA svarUpamAM punarUccAraNa AvI che. te barAbara che ke kema te ApaNe tapAsIe paNuM thAya, chatAM dalIlane joza ane jema barAbara ane tenA pariNAmamAMthIja ApaNane joItI khyAlamAM AvI zake mATe, tema karavAnI jarUriyAta hakIkatane uttara maLI jaze. lAgatAM ane te utArI che ema samajI levuM. tevIja [ TIppaNa-zrImukha ane khAravela banne sama (7) pRthapaNe lakhAI gayA che, mAtra yAdadAsta tAcha nI hakIkatano pArA. karavA mATe tathA atre lakhyA uparAMta paNa bIjA mudAo pu. 1. pu. 188; khAravela pelI suvarNa pratimA ubhA karI zakAya te mATe, vAcakane vinaMti che ke temaNe nIce bahaspatimitra pAsethI laI gaye tenuM varNana. pramANe varNana vAMcI javuM. pu. 3. pR. 66thI 72 puSyamitranA vRttAMtamAM tenI samapu. 1. pR. 154 thI 156-ghanakaTakanA varNanamAM "A deza kAlIna vyaktionA mathALA taLekareluM vivecana pR.16nI TIkA. 15ra sattA konI' te nAmane pArigrApha , 3 pR. 155 DimeTIasa ane minensaranA vRttAMta pu. 5. 75 "bahaspatimitra vize vaLI kAMIda avAranavAra karela lekhe,

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254 khAravela ane puSyamitra [ dazama khaMDa kAlIna che te nirvivAda satya gaNAya, kemake zilAle. te vaMzanI sthApanA azokanI pUrve ghaNAM varSe thaI gaI khamAMja te hakIkata chavADela che. paraMtu zrImukhane che tyAre zrImukhane samaya paNa azokanI pUrve ja-ane puSyamitrane samakAlIna TharAvavAne kAMI pramANa raju te paNa ghaNAM ghaNuM varSa pUrve thaI gaye mAna paDe. karyuM nathI; mAtra keTalIka hakIkatone ADIavaLI tema vaLI upara te evuM kahI gayA chIe ke, macaDIne keDA meLavI dIdhA che. jo ke te pramANe puSyamitranI pUrve ja keTalAMka varSe azoka thaI gayo sthiti na hovAnuM jaNAvavAne ApaNI pAse ghaNI che. eTale te zrImukha ane puSyamitra vaccenuM aMtara bAbate paDI che. te bAbate kamekrame AgaLanI dalIlamAM vaLI ora vadhI paDayuM gaNAya. have vicAro ke, pragaTa thatI jaNAze paraMtu atre to bIjIja hakIkata zrImukhane puSyamitrano samakAlIna kahe te sAcuM, ke laIne te mAnyatAnI satyAsatyatA vicArIzuM. zrImukhanA astitvane puSyamitra pahelAM ghaNuM ghaNuM eTaluM te cokkasa che ja ke, mairyavaMzI samrATa varSonuM mAnavuM te sAcuM ? A pramANe vidvAnonAM azokanA maraNa pachI keTalAMya varSa sudhI mauryavaMza pitAnAM kathanamAM ja virodhAbhAsa dekhAI Ave che. cAlyo che ane te bAda puSyamitranA zuMgavaMzanI sAra e che ke, zrImukhane ane puSyamitrane jarA sthApanA thaI che. eTale ema siddha thayuM ke, azoka paNa samakAlInapaNuM saMbhavatuM nathI ja.]. ane puSyamitra vacce keTalAMya varSanuM aMtara che. bIjI (2) mi. kaeNsana, pitAnA pustakamAM rANI bAju, samrATa azokanA rAjadarabAre grIka elacI nAganikAnA zilAlekhanA samayanI carcA karatAM kahe. megesthanIjha je Avyo hato, teNe te samayanI hiMdanI che ke It may be placed a little, but rAjakIya paristhiti vizenuM keTaluMka varNana karI not much, later than Ashok's & batAvyuM che, temAM eka hakIkata evI paNa jaNAvI Dasarath's edict. But what in my dIdhI che ke, sainika baLa dharAvatA dezomAM prathama opinion, most clearly proves that they sthAna magadhanuM che ane tenAthI ja utaratuM eTale belong to one of the first Andhras, naMbara bIjAe pradezanuM che. eTale tAtparya e tha is that their graphic peculiarities fully ke, magadhapati samrATa azokanA samaye aMdhapatinuM agree with those of the Nasik inscripsthAna, sainikabaLanI apekSAe mAtra azokathI ja tions (No. 1) of Kanha's or Krishna's utaratuM hatuM. ane e te dekhItuM ja che ke, je AMdhra- reign=azoka ane dazarathanA zilAlekha karatAM tene patinA nAmanI phATatI hoya ane mahAparAkramI samaya bhale deDaka-paNa bahu lAMbo nahIM-pUrvane narapatinI gaNanAmAM jenuM nAma mUkAtuM hoya, tevI gaNI zakAte heya; paraMtu Ava AMdhra rAjAone sthitivALuM rAjya kAMI AjakAlamAM te ugI nIkaLyuM lagate che evo je mAro mata vadhAre spaSTa thata na ja heya. tene sthApita thayAne ane te bAda, upara jAya che tenuM kAraNa e che ke, temanI lipinI jaNAvyA pramANenI sthitie pahoMcavAne keTaleye kALa viziSTatAo, kanya athavA kRSNanA rAjya ketarAyelA vyatIta thaI gayo che joIe. eTale kahevAno tAtparya (naM. 1) nAsikanA lekhone saMpUrNapaNe maLatI Ave e che ke, pravaMzanI je sthiti megesthanIe varNavI che che." A lakhANunI matalaba e thAya che ke (1) te adhavaMzanI sthApanA te azokanI pUrve ghaNAM varSo rANI nA nikAne lekha samrATa azoka temaja pahelAM thaI gaI gaNAya. vaLI ApaNe jANIe chIe rAjA dazarathanA nikaTavartI samayanuM manAya che (eTale ke AMdhruvaMzano sthApaka te zrImukha ja che eTale jayAre ke I. sa. pU. 300 AsapAsane). (2) paraMtu tenI (6) jue ke. khAM. 2. 5. 19 thI 25

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dvitIya pariccheda ] samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM 255 lipi vigere, rAja kanha athavA kRSNanA nAsikanA pachI game te sthaLane te hoya ke game te samayanA zilAlekhane maLatI Ave che tethI pote [mi. resanA rAjAne hoya. paNa ekaja jAtanI prAkata bhASAnA te lekhane AMdhruvaMzInA prathama puruSonA samayane akSare temAM mAlama paDayA kare che. eTale sAra e hovAnuM mAne che. [garbhita kathana ema nIkaLe che ke, the ke, je samaye prAkRta bhASA bolAtI-lakhAtI AMdhavaMzInA Adya purUSone samaya azokanI paNa hatI te vakhate ja AdhavaMzI rAjAonI rAttA cAlI pahelAMne che. ApaNe tene samaya I. sa. pU. 425 rahI hatI. bIjI bAju ApaNe jANIe chIe ke AsapAsa eTale ke azokanI pahelAM savAso prAkRtano pracAra baMdha paDayA pachI saMskRta bhASAne varSane TharAvyo che A banne hakIkatanuM pRthakkaraNa pracAra thavA mAMDe che. tema vaLI samrATa priyadarzinanA karIzuM te ema bhAvArtha nIkaLe che ke (1) rANa lekha parathI samajAya che ke tenA samaya sudhI te prAkRta nAganikAne lekha, rAjA kahanA samayane ja lagabhaga bhASA cAlu hatI ja. tema zuMgavaMzanA amalamAM kahI zakAya (2) rAjA kaha-kRSNa te AMdhruvaMzI prathama thayela mahAbhASyakAra pAMjalI mahAzayanA samayathI ja purUSomAMnuM eka che (3) ane rANI nA nikAnA saMskRtane pracAra vadhavA mAMDe che. te hisAbe ema lekhano samaya, azoka ke dazarathanA samayanI Asa- sAbita thayuM che. A AMdhavaMzI rAjAo rAjA pAsane mAnI levAyo che te barAbara nathI. A puSyamitra zRMganA amala pahelAnA thaI gayA che. A muddAonuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM to ema samayAvaLI pramANe sarve rAjAo jyAre puSyamitranA puragAmI goThavI zakAze ke, sauthI prathama AMdhruvaMzane sthApaka kare che te te vaMzane Adya sthApaka zrImukha te vizeSa rAjA zrImukha, tenA pachI turata ja ke ceDAMka varSo puregAmI thayo kahI zakAze. pachI samakAlIna thayo rAjA kRSNa urphe kanDa, tenA pachI rANI nAganikA, hato ema mAnavAnuM ja kayAM rahyuM ? ane teNInI pachI keTalAMye varSa azaka ane rAjA (4) hAthIguphAnI dIvAla uparanAM sarve citro dazaratha thayA che. jyAre puSyamitra te tenI ye pAchaLaja namUdazAmAM citarAyelAM che. eTale ke rAjA khAravelanA thayo che. je A pramANe sthiti dekhAya che,-zila- samaye, saMsArathI virakta thayela sarve RSi mahAtmAo lekhathI sAbita thAya che te pachI puSyamitra zuMgavaMzIne digaMbara avasthAmAM ja vicAratA hatA. jyAre mahAzI rIte AMdhavaMzanA sthApaka zrImukhanA samakAlIna rAja priyadarzinanA khaDakalekhathI jaNAya che ke, temanA tarIke mAnI zakAya ? samaye zvetavastra dhAraNa karavAno ravaiye vizeSa jorathI (3) vaLI te ja sikkAzAstrI mi. rasa eka cAlu thaI rahyo hato. tethI ema siddha thayuM kahevAze ThekANe AgaLa jatAM lakhe che ke, "The coin ke, khAravelane samaya-athavA kaho ke hAthIguphAnA legends of Andhras in every district lekhane samaya-mahArAjA priyadarzinanI pUrvane che; ane and at all periods without exception priyadarzinanI pahelAno thaye eTale puSyamitranI pUrvene are in same Prakrit language= dezanA te ApoApa siddha thaI cUkyo ja gaNAze. tema sikkA uparanA akSarAnI lipi, dareka prAMtamAM ane bIjI bAju rAjA zrImukha ane khAravela banne samadareka samaye, eka paNa apavAda sivAya ekanI eka kAlIna che ja eTale sUtrasiddhAMtanA niyame rAjA prAkRta ja che." kahevAnI matalaba e che ke jeTalA zrImukhane paNa puSyamitrathI ghaNu ghaNu varSe purogAmI apradezanA sikkAo maLI zake che te sarve upara thayo gaNu rahe che. (5) teja ko, 2. nuM pustaka pAri. 153

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256 khAravela ane puSyamitra [ dazama khaMDa (5) hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana karatAM eka lekhaka magadhapati jevA mahAna samrATane namAvyAthI sArthaka mahAzaye jaNAvyuM che ke, Kharvela invaded karI batAvyuM jaNAya che. tema bIjI bAju, magadha Magadh and laid siege to Rajagriti samrATanA jevA ja lazkarI baLa dharAvatA aMdhrapati and that four years later, he captured rAjA zrImukhane teNe kabaje karyo che (juo AgaLa the royal palace (at Pataliputra) and upara hAthIguphA lekhanI paMkti 4nuM varNana). AvAM made the Raja of Magadha fall at AvAM moTAM be sAmrAjyanA samrATone je purUSa harAvI his feet=khAravele magadha upara caDAI karI ane zake tene cakravata te zuM paNa mahAna cakravAta kahevAmAM rAjagRhIne ghere ghAlyo; ane te bAda cAra varSe paNa, lezamAtra saMkeca dhArI zakAya nahIM. eTale bIjI (pATaliputra nagare) rAjamahelanI AsapAsa te pharI rIte ema phalitArtha thAya che ke, uparanA be moTA vaLyo ane pitAnA paga pAse magadhanA rAjAne samrATa jevA rAjavIone khAravelane rAjakIya Azraya namAvyo." eTale ke rAjA khAravele magadha upara be ApadakALe maLI rahe tevI sthiti nipanna thaI cUkI vakhata caDhAI karI hatI. prathama vakhate magadha upara hatI. A pramANe eka sthiti hatI. jyAre bIjI humale laI jaI rAjagRhIne ghero ghAlyo hato, jayAre bAju itihAsakAre vaLI ema jaNAve che ke, rAjA bIjI vakhata tethI paNa AgaLa vadhIne pATaliputra puSyamitra, pATaliputra upara caDAI laI jaIne, magadhanagare rAjamahela sudhI pahoMcI jaI, tyAMnA rAjAne patine jItI lIdho hato ane AkhA pATaliputra zaherane tAbe karI-parAjaya pamADI-potAnA pageTa namAvyo khodI karIne verAna jaMgala jevuM banAvI dIdhuM hatuM H hate. matalaba ke kaliMgapati khAravele magadha pati rAja eTale te itihAsakAronA matathI ema siddha thAya che ke, upara saMpUrNa uparI adhikAra meLavavA jevuM, te puSyamitranA samayane magadhapati ati nabaLo hovAthI, samaye paribaLa prApta karI vALyuM hatuM. eTale kahevuM taddana parAjaya pAmI gayuM hatuM; te eTale sudhI ke raDe che ke, teNe pote je cakravartI khAravelanuM birUda magadha samrATa pitAnI ja AMkha AgaLa pitAnA dhAraNa karyuM hovAnuM lekha uparathI samajAya che te rAjanagaranI karAtI durdazA lAcAra banIne joI rahyo (6) juo I. hi kanve. 5. 5 sane 1929 te hakIkata jarA atiktI paDatI lAge che, paraMtu 5. 587 hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM te pramANe che eTale zaMkA karavAnuM (7) brekeTamAM rAkhe che te lekhaka mahAzayanA ja che. kAraNuM rahetuM nathI. eka vakhata kahevuM ke rAjagRhI ne ghero ghAlyo hato ne bIjI (9) A hakIkata kevI rIte asaMbhavita che te pu. 3 vakhate kahevuM ke pATaliputra nagare rAjamahelanI AsapAsa pR. 18-19 mAM batAvI ApyuM che te jue. karI vanyo. Ama kahevAmAM be kAraNo haze. ekata. prathama vaLI puSyamitrane eka vakhata magadhapati jaNAve che, vakhatanI caDAI veLA rAjagRhane ghero ghAlyo hato ane bIjI tyAre bIjI bAju tene ja magadhapati upara caDAI lAvate vakhata tethI AgaLa vadhIne pATaliputra gayo hato ema (juo. 5. 3 pR. 57) jaNAve che. te bane vAkayane kahevAno bhAvArtha paNa hoya; ane bIjuM kAraNa ema hoya sumeLa jAmatuM nathI. te hakIkata 5NuM puSyamitranA vRttAMta ke, rAjagRhamAM te samaye mahela nahIM hoya ema temanuM mAM jaNAvI che. kathana paNa thayuM hoya. vaLI puNyamitra te rAjagAdIe besavA pAmyo nathI. A baMne kAraNe sabaLa nathI. tenI carcA karI teno putra agnimitra hajI gAdIe AvIne samrATa jevI zakata; paraMtu akSare brekeTamAM mUkayA che eTale kahevApaNuM kIrti meLavI zakAya che. eTale jyAM puSpamitranuM nAma che, rahetuM nathI. tyAM agnimitranuM nAma lekhAya te kAMIka hakIkata pADI (8) eka samrATane bIje samrATa potAnA page namAve maLatI Ave che kharI.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] hatA. have khanne kathananI sarakhAmaNI kare. eka vakhata jaNAvAyuM ke magadhapatine khAravela cakravartI jevA mahAna cakravartInI huMph hatI, ane khIjI vakhata kahyuM ke tevI sthitimAM te hevA chatAM, tenAthI aneka gaNA nAnA rAjA-rAjyanI samRddhi ane vistAranI apekSAe-evA puSyamitra magadha upara caDI AvyeA hatA te rAjanagaranI khAnA kharAbI karI vALI hatI. A banne vAtamAM kAMi satyAMza dekhAya che ! haragIja nahIM. eTale sAkhita thAya che ke, cakravartI khAravelanA samaya daramiyAna puSyamitra zuMgavaMzInA samaya hAI zakreja nahIM. teTalA mATe te bannene kAI kALe samakAlIna hAvAnuM paNa kahI zakAze nahIM. (6) khAravele pAteja hAthIgukAnA lekhamAM rAjanItinI carcA karatAM (jue lekhanI pukti 10 ) rAjanIti zAstranA traNa prakAra=Three divisions of politics, jaNAvyA che temAM daMDa, saMdhi ane sAma (samajAvaTa)=War, Peace and Conciliation; or Punishment, Peace and Compromise nA nirdeza karyo che; paraMtu bhedanI nIti=samaye DissentionsnuM nAma lIdhuMja nathI. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke, khAravelanA samaya bAda A ceAthA prakAranI rAjanItinA upayeAga thayA haiAvA joie. matalaba ke te prakAranI rAjanItinA AraMbha thayA hoya tenI pUrve rAjA khAravela thaI gayA che. itihAsanA abhyAsa zIkhave che ke, maurya samrATa caMdraguptanA samaye temanA rAjapurAhita ane mahAamAtya paMDita cANakayajIe ja A bhedanItine prathama upadeza AgaLa dharyo che ane amalamAM paNa kadAca temaNe ja mUkayA haiAya. eTale (10) A pramANe atyAre mAnyatA tenAthI jarA jUdA mata upara chIe, te hAthIguphAnA vivaraNamAM jaNAvela che. samakAlIna heAi zakeja nahIM 33 cAle che. ame AvatA paricchede (11) ja, e. khI. vI. sA. pu. 13 rR. ra4raH-- "On the evidence of coins=sikkAnA purAvAne lIdhe A pramANe zabdo lakhyA che; ane te khAda zuMgava'zI mitrA tamArI rAjAonAM nAmeA jaNAvyAM che. paraMtu khUkhI e Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 257 te hakIkatane AdhAre sAbita thAya che ke, rAnna khAravela pAte samrATa caMdraguptane ane 5. cANakayajInA purAgAmI hAvA joie; ane temanA purAgAmI puravAra thayA eTale temanA pachI thanAra puSyamitranA / purAgAmI svayaMsiddha thaI gayAja; balke dIrSa samayI purAgAmI hatA ema kahevuM paDaro. (7) khAravelanA lekha uparathI jaNAya che ke, teNe be vakhata magadeza upara hallA karyAM che10 ane banne vakhate teNe rAjagRhInuM ja nAma lIdhuM che-- balke eka vakhata rAjagRhI ane khIjI vakhata pAliputra paNa hAya (jIe uparamAM TI. naM. 6)-te hakIkata ema siddha kare che ke, khAravelanA samaya sudhI magadhadezanA rAjanagara tarIke rAjagRhInuM sthAna keTaleka aMze jaLavAI rahyuM hatuM; pachI cArDa aMze ke ghaNe aMze, te vAta alaga rAkhIe, jyAre pATaliputranI pATanagara tarIkenI sthApanA ane pasaMdagI, bhale samrATa udayanabhaTanA samayathI thai gaI che kharI; paraMtu kAyamanA sthAna tarIke tenI varaNI teA samrATa caMdraguptanA ane te khAda ja thaI che. A hakIkatathI sAbita thai jAya che ke, khAravelanI magadha uparanI caDAI caMdraguptanA samaya pUrve thai hatI. (8) hAthINuMkAnA lekhamAM magadhapati tarIke bRhaspatimitranuM (bRhaspatirAja nAma heAvAnuM keTalAkanI mAnyatA che--game te vastu lo) nAma Apela che (jIe lekhanI paMkti 12) ane tene khAravele namAvyAnI hakIkata che. A bRhaspatimitranI pAchaLa11 agnimitra gAdIe Avyo che eTale ke bRhaspatimitra pitA thayA ane agnimitra putra thayA. jyAre purANAmAM che ke, temAM keAInuM nAma bRhaspatimitra ja lakhyuM nathI. tA prazna che ke, bRhaspatimitrane zuMgavaMzI rAjI thI rIte dIdhe ? khIjI, bRhaspatimitra pachI agnimitra ja gAdIe beThA hatA evA paNa upara darzAvela nAmeAmAM purAvA ke sAbitI kyAM che ? temAM te| marajI AvyA pramANe saSaLAM nAmA ApI dIdhAM che eTaluM ja. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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khAravela ane puSyamitra 58 paNa e tA suprasiddha vAta che ke, agnimitranA pitAnuM nAma puSyamitra hatuM. eTale A bRhaspati teja puSyamitra2 ema manAvavA prayatna thayA che. ane khAravele bRhaspatimitrane harAvyA eTale puSyamitrane ja harAvyA che ema mAnI khAravelane ane puSyamitrane bannene samakAlIna TharAvyA che. [ TIkA-jo bRhaspatimitra teja. puSyamitra che ema Thare, teA vidvAnAnI sarvamAnyatA svayaMsiddha thai jAya che. paraMtu prathama prazna teA e che ke puSyamitrane magadhapati TharAvavAnAM pramANeA ja kayAM che ? te magadhapati hoya te ja khAravela tenA upara humalA laI jaI zake ne?] chatAM je A bRhaspatimitra te puSyamitranuM khIjuM nAma che ema kabUla rAkhIe te tenA atha e thayA ke rAjA khAravele puSyamitrane harAyeA hatA. A kathana temanA peAtAnA ja zabdAnI virUddha jAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM khalke hAsyAspada dekhAI jAya che; kemake vidvAneAnI mAnyatA tA ema che ke (jue uparanI dalIla cethI tathA tenA TIppaNa naM. 8mAMnI hakIkata) puSyamitre pATaliputraupara-magadha upara-vArI karI hatI.17 eTale ke, caDAI lAvanAra puSyamitra pAte hatA. eka vakhata kahyuM ke magadhapati tarIke14 teNe khAravelanA hAthe hAra khAdhI che, ane khIjI vakhate pAchuM kahyuM ke teNe te| magadhapatine harAbhyA hatA. AvuM bane kharUM ? matalaba ke badhI dalIle ja DhaMgadhaDA vinAnI ane hAsya upajAvavA sarakhI che. (9) khAravele paMkti 12mAM jaNAvyuM che ke, teNe bRhaspatimitra magadhapatine peAtAnA page namAvIne aMga-magadhAnuM dhana te peAtAnA deza-kaliMgamAM laI Avye (12) vaLI nIcenI dalIla naM. 9 jue. tyAM paNa bRhaspatimitra teja puSyamitra che evuM nakkI mAnIne ja AgaLa carcA kaye rAkhI che. (sarakhAvA upara TI. naM. 9) (13) magadha upara caDAi karI hatI' A zabdo ja sUcave che ke te pote magadhapati naheAtA ja. ( tue ke. hi. IM. 5. pa18 ) kharI hakIkata e che ke, pATaliputramAMthI gADI pheravIne priyadarzinanA vakhatathI avatimAM vidizAmAM mAdI AvI che (jIe priyadarzinanuM jIvana vRttAMta) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa hatA. have je bRhaspatimitra eTale vidvAneAnA mata pramANe pumitra thatA hAya tA, khAravelane kahevAneA artha e thayeA ke, teNe aMga-magadhapati puSyamitrane harAvyA ane dhana kaliMgamAM lAvyeA; vaLI temaNe khAravela ane puSyamitra khene samakAlIna gaNyA che. A eka sthiti thaI. bIjI khAju ema hakIkata che ke, puSpamitra pachI agnimitra gAdIe AvyA che. eTale je mulaka puSpamitranA kabajAmAM heAya, te agnimitrane vArasAmAM maLyAja kahevAya; te niyamAnusAra puSyamitranA aMga-magadhadeza agnimitrane gAdIe besatAM ja vArasAmAM maLyA hatA. tyAre khIjI bAju teA itihAsa ema jaNAve che ke, rAjA agnimitre birAra (jene aMgadezanA eka bhAga kahI zakAya che) deza navesarathI jItIne tenA rAjAnI kuMvarI mAlavikA sAthe lagna karyuM hatuM. A pramANe eka vakhata kahyuM ke aMgane pradeza agnimitrane tAme ja hateA, ane bIjI vakhate kahyuM ke te upara caDAI laI jaIne tene te meLavavA paDayA hatA. A zuM vAstavika kahevAya kharUM ke ! sAra e thAya che ke, puSyamitra te bRhaspatimitra nathI ja; tema te aMgapatiye nathI ane magadhapatiye nathI ja. vaLI A pramANe kevaLa eka nAmanA dvIartha meLavIne temanuM kheDANa karI devAthI kevI muzkelIe ubhI thAya che te mATe nIcenI dalIla naM. 10 jue, (10) paMDita jAyasvAlajIe ema prasiddha karyuM che ke,15 puSya nakSatrane svAmi bRhaspati che, eTale 'puSya' zabdane artha ja 'bRhaspati' thayA gaNAya; ane puSpanI pAchaLa mitra joDavAthI jema pumitra thAya eTale puSyamitra tathA agnimitranu sthAna avaMtimAM ja hatuM. (14) jue uparanI TIkA naM. 11. eTale ke puSpa mitra magapati hatA ja nahIM. are ema kahIe ke teNe pATaliputranu mhAM paNa joyuM nahetuM te yAjabI kahevAze. tenA maraNa bAda keTalAMya varSoM pachI, tenA putra agnimitre pATaliputra upara caDAI laI jaIne pAyamAlI karI mUkI hatI. (15) jue ja. khI. e. rI. sA. pu. 13 1. 240-250 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya pariSada samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM 259 che tema bRhaspatinI pAchaLa mitra jeDavAthI bRhaspati- chatAM skaMdagupta ane kumAragupta, e benI aikyatA jarAye mitra thAya che eTale puSyamitra teja bRhaspatimitra che siddha nathI tema. eTale temanA kahevAnI matalaba e ema gaNAya. che ke, samAna artha ke bhAvArthavALA be zabdo hoya, A kathana-eTale ke puSyamitra te ja bRhaspati- temanI sAthe keI anya pratyaya ke upasarga joDavAthI mitra-barAbara nathI ema ApaNe uparanI dalIla . je samAsavALA be zabda bane, te paNa pAchA ekaja 8 mAM aitihAsika banAnA pramANe TAMkIne siddha arthavALA hoya evo kAMI ekAMta niyama che ja nahIM. karI batAvyuM che ja. have bIjI rIte te maMtavyanI ane pitAnA te kathana mATe skaMdagupta ane kumAraguptanA asiddhi batAvIe. paMDitajInA A maMtavya vize eka daSTAMta raju karyA che; ke jema skaMda ane kumAra bane bIjA lekhaka pitAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM kahe che ke nAme eka ja devanAM che, tenI sAthe gupta javAthI His identification of Brhaspatimitra skaMdagupta ane kumAragupta zabda bane che, chatAM te bannenA with Pushyamitra.even if we admit artha judA ja che, te banne vyaktio judI ja che te that Brhaspati was also identified by ApaNe ItihAsanA abhyAsathI jANIe ja chIe; te ja the ancient Hindus with Pushya, that pramANe bRhaspatimitra ane puSyamitranuM samajI levuM. A, does not justify the identification of pramANe temanA AkhAe kathanano sAra che. eTale ke jyAM Brhaspatimitra with Pushyamitra, sudhI puSyamitra te ja bRhaspatimitra, ema anya purAvA any more than the denotation of the ane pramANathI siddha na thaI zake, tyAM sudhI mAtra zabdArthasame God by the terms Skanda and thI ja temanI aikayatA sAbita thayelI mAnI zakAya nahIM. Kumar, justifies the identification of (11) naM. 10 mAM jema pa. jAyasvAlAjIe Skandagupta with Kumargupta=baha- bahaspatimitrane puSyamitra mAnI laI dalIla karI che. spatimitranI oLakha puSyamitra sAthe temaNe (5. paNa te have vAstavika puravAra thatI nathI, tema bIjI jAyasvAlajIe) karAvI che. prAcIna hiMduoe bRha- rIte paNa temaNe bahaspatimitrane puSyamitra hevAnuM spatine puSya tarIke oLakhAvyo hato ema ApaNe jaNAvyuM che. atra te mudo vicArIzuM. temanuM ema kabUla rAkhIe; te paNa bRhaspatimitra te ja puSyamitra kahevuM che ke, hAthIguphAnA lekhanI paMktimAM, rAjA evuM nyAyapUrvaka puravAra thatuM nathI; jema, eka ja devanuM khAravelane magadha upara caDI Avela jANIne tathA nAma sUcavatA skaMda ane kumAra nAmanA be zabdo hovA chata meLavyAnuM sAMbhaLIne DimeTrIasa17 nAmane (16) juo. I. hiM. karyo. sane 1929 nuM pu. 5 thI AgaLamAM lakhAyo che. tenA lekhaka kahe che ke, Mr. 5. 597. Jayaswal has described his difficulties before (17) hAthIguphAmAM pUruM nAma lakhAyeluM ja nathI he could make out Dimita or Dimiti DimITa (AgaLanA paricayamAM te lekhanI carcA che te juo) DimiTi zabdane pite ukela karI zakayA te pUrve temane zuM tyAM prathamanA je be traNa akSarene atyAra sudhI ukelI zakAyA zuM muzkelIo naDI hatI tenuM varNana 5. jayasvAlajIe che, teja jaNAvyA che. pAchaLanA akSare uDI gayA che. eTale karela che. tAtparya e thayo ke, A zabda ukelavAmAM temane ke A zabda zuM che tenI to mAtra kalpanA ja goThavAI che: dhaNI muzkelIo naDI che; chatAM ukela karAyA che te saMzayavALo bAkI je vaMcAyA che te "DimiTa hevAnuM TharyuM che chatAM paNa havA saMbhava che. (athavA kaho ke, puSyamitra pRhaspatite ukela paNa sAco hoya tema tema jaNAtuM ja nathI evuM mitra ane khAravela A badhAM nAma hadayamAM vasI rahyA tenA lekhakanA zabdathI khule che. hatAM eTale ja hadayanA guMjAravane anurUpa rAja himiTa A A lekha iM. hI. ka. 1929 5.5 5.594 dhI jAya che.) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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khAravela ane puSyamitra 200 je yavana saradAra mathurA18 sudhI AvI cUkayA hatA tene gAMsaDA poTalAM bAMdhI, pIche haTha karavI paDI hatIathavA kaho ke mathurAthI pAchA haThIne te paMjAba taraph jatA rahyo hatA-te saradAra khIjo kAI nahIM paNa puSyamitranA samakAlIna je yavanapati (Bactrian King) DimeTrIasa (jenuM dhRttAMta ApaNe pu. 3 pu. 152mAM karI gayA chIe) hatA te ja che. eTale 3 lekhanA kathanamAM nAMdhela DimeTrIasa te puSyamitrane samakAlIna che; tema DimeTrIasa te khAravelanA samakAlIna cheja, ema lekha pAte jAhera kare che. eTale ke jyAre DimeTrIasa puSNamatranA samakAlIna che ane khAravelane paNu samakAlIna Thare che tyAre bhUmitinAthayA che? siddhAMta pramANe puSyamitra ane khAravela banne samakAlIna ja kahI zakAya. A pramANe sarva hakIkata hAya / / badhuM kharAkhara siddha thaI jAya ja che, paraMtu temanI mAnyatA ane dalIlavALe! AkhA lekha vAMcIne eka vidvAne peAtAnA vicAra jaNAvatAM uddagAra kADhayA che ke,19 'Eut even if we admit for arguments' ' sake that Demiti or Demitrius was engraved here, what evidence is there to show, that this Demitrius can be no other than the son and successor of Euthiydemus of Bactria ?=paraMtu vAda vivAdanI khAtara ApaNe svIkArIe ke DimiTa ke (18) mathurA nAmanAM e zaherA che (!) uttaranuM mathurA te sUrasana rAjyanI rAjadhAnI; je mathurA nAmathI prakhyAta che. (2) dakSiNanuM mathurA je tricinIpeAlInI pAse Avela che, jene kharI rIte madurA kahevAya che. lekhamAM madurA che ke mathurA te kharAbara tapAsavAnI jarUra che. banavA joga che ke ene khadale khIju zahera manAi gayuM che; ane temAM paNa puSpamitranI ane khAravela nI dhaDa besAravA mATenI tAlAvelIe ja kAma karyu dekhAya che. (19) jIe i. hi. kavA, 1929 pu. pa. pU. 594 (20) uparanITI, na. 17 jIe: temAM kA hAvAnA prazna upasthita karyA che. phrimiTa zabdane badale Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa DimeTrIsa zabda kAtarAvavAmAM AvyA ja hatA, tApaNu evI kyAM sAbitI che ke, A DimeTrIasa te (pelA) bekaTrIanapati yuthIDImasanA putra ane pAchaLathI gAdIe AvanAra ja hatA ? temanA kahevAnI matalaba e chea (1) prathama te| DIDamiTa ka DimeTrIasa zabda heAvAnI paNa zaMkA che.20 (2) tathApi, carcA TUMkI karavA khAtara mAnI lyA ke te zabda ja che, tApaNu temAM evI kathAM mAhitI apAyalI che ke, te DimeTrIasa lANA ja che;21 eTale ke, I tihAsamAM jene yuthIDImasanA putra22 tarIke lekhano che te ja A che ke, te sivAya kAI khIjo rAjA te nAmadhArI23 [ TIkA:lekhamAM jyAM DimiTa zabda heAvA vize ja zaMkA ubhI thaI che tyAM ApaNe kAMi kahevApaNuM nathI. tyAM zuM zabda che ane kre| artha thAya che te mATe ApaNe AgaLanA paricchede AkhAye lekhanA artha paMktivAra vicAravAnA chIe. eTale atre tenI carcA mUkI daIzuM. chatAM pekSA lekhake TUMkuM patAvavA jema sUcanA karI che, tema mAnI lyo ke te zabda DimeTrIasa ja che ane DimeTrIsa nAmane kAI bIjo rAjA thayeA ja nathI (jue nIcIne TI. naM. 21); eTale ke te yuthIDImasane putra ja che. chatAM prazna e che ke teNe mathurA sudhI AvavAnuM prayAjana ja kayAM ubhuM thayuM hatuM? prathama tA DimeTrIasanA vRttAMte (jIe pu. 3 pR. 151-5) ApaNe puravAra karI gayA chIe ke tenuM rAjya zuM vAMcI zakAya che. te mATe mAgaLa upara hAthIguphAnA lekhavALA pariccheda jue. ] (21) nIcenI TIkA naM. 23 jIe, (22) pu. 7. pR. 145 ne kAThAmAM cethyu Asana-bekaTrIyAnA rAntanAM nAme jue, (23) IrAna, grIsa ane bekaTrIAnI gAdIe je nRpatiA AvyA che temanAM nAmeA oi lIdhAM che. DimeTrIasa nAmane ke, jenAM nAmanA prathama bhAga DimiTI ke tene maLatA zabdo AvatA heAya tevA, koI bIjo narapati thayA dekhAtA nathI. eTale samajAya che ke DimeTrIbasa eka ja thayA che ane te yuthIDImasanA je putra gaNAya che teja che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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-- dvitIya parida ] samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM satalaja nadInI pUrve bIlakula laMbAyuM ja nathI. eTale upara paribhramaNa karavAne chUTe mUkI de che. A pramANe tene mATe mathurA sudhI AvavAnuM ja taddana asaMbhavita pharatA te azvane jayAre koI aTakAyata kare nahIM tyAre che. bIjuM, je samaya khAravelane ApaNe nizcita ema mAnI levAya che tenuM sArvabhaumatva dareka pradezanA karI batAvavAnA chIe te samaye mathurAnA pradeza rAjAne kabUla maMjUra che. have vicAre ke puSyamitre upara te rahyuM, paraMtu hiMdanI koI bhUmi upara paNa te pramANe vartAva karyo hato. te te, tene adha koI paradezI saradAranI AMkha suddhAMye pharakI nathI; khAravelanA pradezamAM paNa jo ja joIe; ane tema te pachI yavana saradAranuM24 hiMdamAM AvavuM ane thAya to, je khAravele puSyamitrane nAke dama levarA jamanA nadInA pradezamAM thANuM nAMkhavuM te prazna ja hoya, te zuM AvI tenI tumAkhI calAvI lya khare kayAMthI upasthita thaI zake? ke? tema e paNa siddha che ke temanA ja zabdothI) (12) A uparAMta bIjI keTalIka dalIlothI puSyamitranA maraNa bAda te khAravela jIvaMta hatA; rAjA puSyamitranA vRttAMta (te mATe juo pu. 3 eTale keIne zaMkA uThAvavAne avakAza paNa rahe pU. 61 thI 72) lakhatAM ApaNe sAbita karI gayA nathI ke teNe (puSyamitre) khAravelanA mRtyu bAda tevA chIe ke, puSyamitra ane AMdhrapati rAjA zrImukha azvamedhano AraMbha karyo hate? matalaba ke huM te samasamayI hatA ja nahIM. eTale pachI puSyamitra ane khoTuM ja che. eTalA mATe koI paNa rIte vAtane khAravela paNa samakAlIna levAnuM sAbita nathI thatuM. barAbara meLa khAto nathI ja. sAra eTalo ja che ke, (13) puSyamitranuM gAdIe AvavuM vidvAnonI puSyamitra ane khAravelanI vacce samakAlInapaNune mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. pU. 188 che. jyAre tadana abhAva ja che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa AgaLa khAravelane samaya i. sa. pU. 183 TharAvela che. ApaNe puravAra karI ApIzuM tema, te benI vacce eTale ke puSyamitra pAMca varase pahelo gAdIe beThe bahu ja lAMbA gALAnuM kahe ke aDhI sadI jeTaluM- hatA ane khAravela pachI beTho hato ema gaNe che. aMtara-AveluM che. 21 vaLI bannee 36-36 varSa rAjya karyuM che. balake uparamAM, puSyamitra ane khAravelanA samayanA puSyamitrane 38 varSa paNa kaIke apyAM che. eTale anumAnika nirNaya upara AvavA mATe, ApaNe nakAra te hisAbe khAravela karatAM puSyamitra pAMca varSe vahele darzAvatI dalIlonI ja carcA hAtha dharI hatI. have (ane 38nI gaNatrIe traNa varSa pahelo) maraNa thoDIka hakAramAM javAba maLI Ave tevI dalIlo pAmyo che; athavA bIjI rIte kahIe te, puSyamitranA tapAsIe. je ke uparamAM carcAyelI bAre dalIlone maraNabAda paNa khAravela chava rahyo che. bIjI ApaNe negeTIva muphasa tarIke oLakhAvI che paraMtu bAju ema hakIkata che ke puSyamitre potAnI uttarA- temAMnI keTalIka hakIkata evA prakAranI che ke, je vasthAmAM bIje azvamedha karyo hato ane azvamedha tene uthalAvI nAkhIne savaLI karI vAMcIe, te te karavAnI mukhya sarata e hoya che ke, te yajJa karanAra hakAramAM javAba Ape tevI Positive proofs ja bhUpatine koI bIjo samavaDIyo vo na joIe. dekhAI jAya tevI che. paNa ApaNe je tema karIe tenI khAtrI karavA eka varSa agAuthI te pitAne te te sarva sarvitacUNita jevuM thaI jaze, eTale te yuvarAjanI nigAhabAnI nIce eka azvane pRthvI kArya ApaNe na karatAM mAtra eTaluM sucana ja atre (24) hiMdanI vAta alaga rAkhIe. paraMtu grIka, IrAna dekhAtuM nathI. ke bekaTIomAM paNa DimiTathI zarU thatuM hoya, evuM keI (25) jIo ja, e, bI, rI. se. 5. 17 5, 24 anya rAjAnuM nAma ja khAravelanA samaye, tyAM hoya ema : (26) juo AgaLanA pAne.

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khAravela ane puSyamitra [ dazama khaMDa karIzuM ke, je vAcakavargane jIjJAsA hoya temaNe svataH laI gayo hato te samaye tyAM abhivijaya nAmanA te pramANe karI jovuM. bAkI ApaNe to uparanA rAjAnuM rAjaya cAlatuM hatuM, ane tenA rAjyanuM trIjuM bAra AMkanI sAthe joDIne ja tenA anusaMdhAna tarIke varSa17 (A pramANenA artha mATe AgaLanA paricchede have pachInI dalIlone raju karIzuM. hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana juo) besI gayuM hatuM. pijhITIva phasa=kAra javAba ApanArI, pratyakSa have jo A silanapati rAjAonI nAmAvaLI tathA purAvAnI athavA sIdhe ja uttara maLe tevI : game te vaMzAvaLI sarakhAvIzuM te (juo pu. 2. pR. 24 nAma Ape. tevI lagabhaga aDadhA Dajhana jeTalI te TI. naM. 71) temAMthI tene samaya paNa nakkIpaNe maLI ApI zakAze ja; ane umeda che ke, utsAhI saMzodhaka rahe che. tyAM jotAM, A vijayarAjAne amala ma. sa. te ja dhoraNe je vizeSa meLavavA dhAraze te anya 95=I. sa. pU. 432mAM zarU thayo hovAnuM nIkaLe paNa ubhI karI zakaze ja. AvA mudAmAMnA keTalAka te che. te hisAbe tenuM trIjuM varSa eTale ma. sa. 98= khuda te hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMthIja labhya thAya che. I. sa. pU. 42929 Avaze, ke jyAre khAravele (14) hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMnI trIjI paMktimAM yuvarAja tarIke silona upara caDAI karI hatI. paraMtu khAravele jaNAvyuM che ke, pitAnI 24 varSanI uMmara tyAM pote pitAnuM kArya saMpUrNa rIte Ape, te pahelAM saMpUrNa thayA bAda tene rAjyAbhiSeka thayela che. te rAjyAbhiSeka karAvavA tene ekadama pAchA vaLavAnI pachInI paMktiomAM, pitAnA rAjayakALanA ekeka pachI pharaja paDI hatI. je hakIkta ApaNe rAjA vRddhirAjanA ekeka varSa laIne, te te samaye zuM zuM parAkrama karI vRttAte joI gayA chIe. eTale carcAne sAra e thaye rahyo hato tenuM yathAsthita varNana karI batAvyuM che. ke khAravelanA rAjyAbhiSekane samaya i. sa. pU.42 sAra e thayo ke jemAM trIjI paktimAM potAnA rAjyo sAbita thAya che. jyAre puSyamitrano samaya te I. sa. bhiSekane lagate banAva banyAnI jAherAta karI che tema pU. 188 lagabhaga 30 (juo. pu. 3. 5.54 te pachInI paMktimAM varNavelI hakIkatanA banAvo, pote 60 tathA 404). banne vacce aDhI varSanuM aMtara gAdIe AvyA bAda, banyA hatA evuM gaNavAnI sUcanA che, matalaba ke banne samakAlIna hatA ja nahIM. che. tevI ja rIte trIjI patinI pUrvanI be oLamAM (15) lekhanI paMkti 12mAM evI hakIkata che ke je banAva banyAnuM varNavyuM che, te tenA rAjyAbhiSekanI teNe (khAravele) rAjagRhIne gherI lIdhuM hatuM ane pahelA thaI gayA hatA, ema ApaNe gaNavuM rahe che. sagAMgeya-(zazAMka) mahela sudhI te pahecI gayo hato. ane A anumAnane temanA ja zabdothI samarthana maLe matalaba ke, magadhadezanI rAjadhAnInA zahera tarIke che; kemake te be paMktimAM teNe potAne yuvarAja tarIke rAjagRhI haju visarAI gayuM nahotuM tevA samaye khArasaMbodhyo che. ATalI prastAvanA karIne have ApaNe vela thayo hovo joIe. lekhamAM kyAMya pATaliputranuM te lekhanI hakIkata tapAsIzuM. nAma suddhAMta levAyuM nathI. pATaliputranuM nAma to bIjI paMktimAM jAhera karyuM che ke, jyAre pote anuvAdake e pitAnI meLe sUcavIne aMdara saMbaMdha yuvarAjapade hatA tyAre siMhaladvIpanA rAjA upara caDAI besAravAne goThavI dIdhuM lAge che. A hakIkata ja (27) lekhanI paMktiomAMnI keTalIyanA ardha besA. ApaNane zatavahanavaMzI rAjA zrImukhane vRttAMta uparathI javAmAM gerasamati thayAnuM mArI najare lAgyuM che, te sarva maLI rahe che; te mATe pu. 5 mAM juo. AgaLanA parivedamAM vistArathI samajAvyuM che. (30) A sAla tenA maraNanI che. paraMtu tenA sattA (28) A rAjAne vijaya kaho ke abhivijaya kaho, te eka kALanA samayanI vAta karavI hoya, te temAM 38 varSa umeja che. tenA kAraNe mATe hAthIguphAnA lekhanI samajUti juo. * ravA rahe che. vAcakane sarva vAte anukuLatA sacavAya mATe (19) A sAla barAbara che ke kema tenI sAbitI khatra meM lagabhaga rAja vAparyo che Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricheda ] samakAlIna heI zake ja nahIM 263 puravAra kare che, ke mauryasamrATanA rAjaamale pATaliputra pati tarIke teo avicchinapaNe rAjyapada bhogavatA ja khyAtimAM AvyuM, te pUrve samrATa khAravela thaI gayo AvyA che. A pramANe eka hakIkata thaI. bIjI vAta hevo joIe. eTale ja tene samaya I. sa. pU. 372 ema che ke, azakanA samaya bAda ja puSyamitra thayo pahelAne puravAra thAya che. che. temAM azoka maurya gaNAyo che ane puSyamitra zuMga (16) mi. hyuenazAMga jevA vizvavikhyAta yAtrike kahevAya che. eTale ke bane bhinna jAtinA ja che. karela varNanamAMthI paNa tevo ja dhvani nIkaLate jaNAya trIjI sthiti ema che ke, puSyamitranuM bIjuM nAma che. temanA zabdo AvI matalabanA lekhAyA che (vidvAnonI racanA pramANe) bahaspatimitra che tethI Hituen Tsang tells us that, shortly bRhaspatimitra zuMgavaMzI kare che ane tene hAthIguMsAnA before his arrival, Punarvarman, Raja lekhanI noMdha pramANe magadhapati te kahe ja rahe che of Magadh and the last descendant eTale ema thayuM ke temanA hisAbe magadhapatio of Ashok, had piously restored the zuMgavaMzI rAjAo hatA. kadAca tene chevaTe na mUkatAM sacred Bodhi tree at Gaya, which vaccagALe kayAMka vRhaspatine mUke, te hyuenazAMge Sasanka, king of Bengal had destroyed. jaNAvelI abhaMgatA ja tUTI jaze. A pramANe These events happened soon after traNa sthiti thaI. have je temane meLa meLavaze to 600 A. D=hyuena sAMga ema nivedana kare che ke, itihAsika graMthakAranAM maMtavya, dareka rIte eka bIjI pite hiMdamAM Avyo te pahelAM thoDA ja samaye, hakIktane athaDAmaNamAM utAranArAM jevAM ja dekhAya magadhanA rAjA ane azoka samrATanA) aMtima vaMza ja che. eTale sAbita thAya che ke aitihAsika banAva che punarmane gayA (zahera)mAM pelA pavitra badhivRkSanI te te sAcA ja che paraMtu ApaNe goThavI dIdhelI dhArmikabhAve punaHsthApanA karI hatI. A bedhivRkSone mAnyatA ja asatya che, ane virodhamAM dekhAI AvatI nAza baMgALanA rAjA zazAMke karyo hato. A sarva sarva paristhitinI janetA teja che. matalaba ke puSyamitra banAvo I. sa. 600 pachI turatamAM ja banyAnuM neMdhI brahaspatimitra nathI ja. tema te ekabIjAnA samakAlIna zakAze." eTale mi. vinsenTa smithanA zabdomAM je paNa nathI. eTaluM ja nahI paNa puSyamitrane magadhapati utArIe to pelA hyuenazAMga yAtrika mahAzayane kahevo te paNa eka bhUla khavaDAvanAruM aitihAsika kahevAno Azaya e che ke, I. sa. 600 sudhI magadha- tattva gaNAze. pati tarIke azokanA vaMzajo, avicchinapaNe baMgALa bIjuM, bahaspatimitra magadhapati che te te nirvivAda prAMtamAM gAdI upara cAlu rahyA hatA. temAMne chele che. have jo tene azoka ane puSyamitranI vacce mUkIe rAjA punarvarmana hato. tethI te ema kahevA mAMge che ke chIe te hyuenazAMganuM kahevuM khoTuM kare che; kemake, magadhapati tarIke TheTha azokanA samayathI mAMDIne I. sa. azokanA vArasadAronI ekadorI tUTI jAya che. eTale 600 sudhI mauryajAtinA rAjAo ja rAjya calAvyuM kAM tene (bRhaspatine) puSyamitranI pAchaLa ke azokanI AvatA hatA; pachI temanA rAjya vistAra bhale saMkeca pUrve gaNavo joIe. puSyamitranI pAchaLa te gaNavAnI ke vRddhi pAmyo hoya te judI vastu che. paraMtu magadha- sarva saMjogo tema ja vidvAno nA pADe che. te ekaja (31) juo vinsenTa smitha kRta, phalarsa opha InDiyA vArasAmAM maLyo hato ema kahevuM paDaze ja. jyAre bIjI sArIjhamAMnuM "azoka" nAmanuM pustaka 5, 71 bALa ItihAsa che ema zikhave che ke agnimitrane (32) dhAro ke te gAdIpati hato ane magadhano svAmI pATaliputra upara caDAI laI javI paDI hatI. te pachI hatA; te magadhana prAMta tenA putra agnimitrane sAcuM zuM ?

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264 khAravela ane puSyamitra [ dazama khaMDa nirNaya thayo ke bRhaspatimitra azokanI pUrve ja thaI dAyonI mULa vastu (siddhAMta)ne sAra-jati saMyama gayo che ane azokanI pUrve thayo eTale puSyamitranI ane jIvananI vizuddhi (zuddha cAritra)nAM dhyeya tarapha pUrve te thaI cUkyo ja kahevAya. temAM A bRhaspati che (A pramANe) aneka saMpradAyanI (varNavelI-upadezelI) pote khAravelane samakAlIna che eTale khAravela paNa sahiSNutA pachIthI thayelA rAjAoe pALI puSyamitranI pahelAM ja thayo gaNAya; matalaba ke te bene batAvI che; dAkhalA tarIke, orissAnA khAravele, samakAlIna kaI rIte paNa kahI zakAze nahIM. sarva vAte azokanA jevI ja-sAdaza bhASA-vAparelI (17) jema etihAsika ane rAjakIya purAvAthI che. eTale temane kahevAne ArAya e che ke, (1) sAbita karI zakAya che tema dhArmika hakIkatathI paNa te samaye, IsAI, resTrIana ke IslAma dharmanI te ja sthiti puravAra karI zakAya che; ke khAravelane te sthApanA ja thavA pAmI nahatI jethI te saMprasamaya puSyamitrathI ghaNo ja pUrvano che. te ja vidvAna dAyonuM te nAma paNa ajANyuM hatuM. (2) AmAMnA mi. smithanA zabdo ApaNe TAMkIzuM. teozrI lakhe IsAI ane islAma dharmamAM lazkarI nAdane, yuddha che ke, "The creeds of Jesus, Zoro" karavAno, laDI paDavAne ke evA ugra-teja-svabhAvaaster, and Mahomed were unknown; neja-upadeza je mukhyapaNe karAyela che, te viSaya he (Ashoka) is not thinking of exclu- paratve te azoka pitAnI AMkha sarakhI paNa pharasive militant religions like Christianity kAvatuM nathI. eTale ke AvA svabhAvanuM aMza sarakhuM and Islam-The essence of the matter paNa tenA rUMvADAmAM dekhAtuM nathI. (3) uparAMta hiMdamAM -all Indian denominations is all je je saMpradAyo. bhinnabhinna nAmathI jANItA che te aimed at self-control and purity of sarvanA siddhAMtane sAra-mULa pAyo-AtmasaMyama ane life. Similar toleration of various creeds zuddha cAritra upara ja maMDAyala che. te pachI, eTale was practised by later princesKharvel ke jayAM AvI prarUpaNa karAtI hoya, tyAM uparanA of Orissa, for instance, used language dharmanA lazkarIvAdane sthAna ja kyAMthI maLe? tema (4) almost identical with that of Ashoka A prakAranI sarva dharma pratye sahiSNutA dAkhavavAnI =jIsasa, jheresTara ane mahamadanA saMpradAya (eTale paddhati, tenA (azokanA) pachI thayela, anya rAjake jene hAla khristI dharma, pArasI dharma ane islAmI vIoe paNa pALI batAvI che. (ane) tenA daSTAMtamAM dharma kahevAya che) tenuM nAma jANavAmAM nahotuM. te orissA pati-kaliMgapati-khAravelanuM nAma ApIne (azaka) khrIstI ane IslAma dharma jevA kevaLa ema kahevA mAMge che, ke teNe paNa azokanA jevIja, lazkarI-jhanunI-jalada (svabhAvanAvALA) dharmane lagabhaga tene sarva rIte maLatA Ave tevA ja zabdavicAra ja karato nathI. (eTale ke tevA dharmane upa- mAM, AjJAo pharamAvI che. khAravele hAthIguMdAnA deza karate ja nathI). sarva hiMdI (nAmavALA) saMpra- lekhamAM je dharmopadeza prabodhyo che te ane samrATa (33) jAo 1larsa opha inDiyA sIrIjhanuM "azoka' manAyuM che tethI, tenI pachI thayela rAjavI ema karIne daSTAMta nAmanuM pustaka pR. 60 raju karyo che. jyAre ApaNe sthApita karela mata pramANe (34) majakura pustaka pU. 62 te priyadarzinanI pUrve thayela samrATa khAravele paNa teja (35) A zabdathI temanuM dhyAna samrATa priyadarzinanA bhASA vAparI che ema kahevuM paDaze. khaDakalekha tarapha ja coMTeluM che. atyAra sudhI priyadarzina (31) priyadarzinanA khaDaka lekha ane khAravela ane azakane eka ja manAyA che tethI temaNe azoka kotarAvela hAthIzaMkAne lekha banene eka ja vAra zabda vAparyo che. tathA azonI pachI khAravela thayAnuM upadeza che.

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samakAlIna hoI zakeja nahIM dvitIya paDhi ] priyadarzine peAtAnA khaDakalekhamAM je karamAvyo che, tenAM bhASA tathA arthane sAra vigere, sarva eka ja prakAranAM che; temAM sarva dharma pratye kSamAmuddhi ja bharelI che, krAime halakA pADavAnI ke kAI upara jakharAI vA5ravAnI vAta tA dUra rahI, paNa tevA vicAra sarakhA paNa dekhAtA nathI. upara jaNAvela cAra muddAmAMnA prathamanA traNa sAthe, atyAre ApaNe nIsabata nathI; eTale tene choDI daSTae, paraMtu ceAthA muddAthI eTaluM sAbita thAya che ke, khAravela ane azeka (jene have ApaNe priyadarzinanA lekha gaNAvyA che te-jIe uparanI TI. naM. 35) ekaja dharmonA hatA. vaLI ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, khAravela jainadharmI hatA.37 eTale priyadarzinane paNa jaina matAnuyAyI ja TharAvavA paDaze.68 A eka vAta thaI. bIjI vAta ema che ke khAravela ane bRhaspatimitra ekaja mUrti-ane te paNa jInamUrtine mATe agAu laDayA hatA ema jAhera thayuM che. trIjI vAta e che ke, puSyamitra vaidika matAnuyAyI che, tema teNe bhagavAna pataMjalInA upadezathI azvamedha yajJo paNa karyAM che; jyAre khAravele zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyA pramANe rAjasUya yajJa rAvyA che. eTale ke teNe azvamedha yajJane tyAjya gaNAvyo che. uparAMta puSyamitre kaheA ke tenA putra agnimitre kaheA-paNu teNe ( vidvAneAnI mAnyatA pramANe) bauddhadharmI ( khAkI ApaNA mata pramANe, jIe pu. 3 mAM tenuM vRttAMta-jainadharmI) sAdhuonA (18) ke. hi. U. mAM jaNAvela che ku39, "With regard to the Andhras, the more certain evidence of inscription, assigns them to a period, which is in * flagrant contradiction to the position they occupy in the Puranas=AMdhravaMzIenI khAkhatamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke purANAmAM temanuM je sthAna batAvAya che tenA karatAM udhADI rIte-spaSTapaNe virUddha jatuM sthAna (samaya paratve) zilAlekhI purAvA (je purANA karatAM vizeSa AdhArabhUta kahI zakAya che) thI maLI rahe che." temanuM kahevuM ema che ke (1) purANAmAM AMdhravaMzIonA amuka samaya TharAvAyA che. (kahA ke I. sa. pU. 1 ane khIjI sadImAM thayAnu mAne che). (2) purANA daMtakathArUpI kahevAya che; jyAre zilAlekhA temanA karatAM majabUta ane vizvasanIya gaNAya che. (3) AvA vajanadAra ane vizvAsapAtra zilAlekhI purAvAthI temanA samaya, udhADI rIte ja purANAmAM jaNAvyA karatAM virUddha paDe che. eTale temanuM kahevuM e thayuM ke, zilAlekhI purAvAthI AMdhrapatinA samaya (purANAmAM jemanuM varNana apAyuM che te; AkhA AMdhravaMza te lagabhaga pAMcasa| varSa cAlyeA che paraMtu purANeAmAM puSyamitranA samakAlInapaNe thayela je vINIvINIne ziraccheda karAvyA che. matalakha ke khAra-zAtakaraNInuM varNana karAyuM che te AMdhrapati kahevAnI atra matalaba che. A aMxpati temanA vaMzamAM chaThTho sAtamA purUSa gaNAya che) bhale I. sa. pU. 1-2 sahI kahI hAya, paNa zilAlekhI purAvAthI sAk jaNAya che ke, teo te pahelAM thaI gayA che. ane I.sa.pU.nI 1-2 sadInI paNa pahelAM, eTale i. sa. pU. nI trIjI vela ane bRhaspatimitra ( athavA temanA matathI puSyamitra) ane bhinna saMpradAyanA ja puravAra thAya che. A traNe sthitinuM ekIkaraNa karIe te eka vakhate temane sahadharmAM TharAve che, tyAre khIjI ja vakhate vidharmI manAvavAnA prayatna thAya che. A pramANe dhArmika (37) vaLI vizeSapaNe AvatA paricchedamAM te hakIkta nI carcA thavAnI che, (38) A pramANe ApaNe pu. 2mAM ane vakhata 34 265 sthiti tapAsatAM paNa bRhaspatimatra ane puSyamitra bhinna ja che; uparAMta bannenA samaya paNa judA ja che, jethI khAravela ane puSpamitrane samakAlIna kahI zakAya tema nathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat puravAra karI batAvyuM che. tene A purAvAthI vizeSa samana maLyuM che ema jANavuM. (39) jIe te pustaka pu. parara www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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khA-velanA [ dazama khaMDa ke cothI sadI mAne, te ye eTaluM to nakkI ja thayuM (2) tevuM nAma dakSiNa hiMdanA jainomAM sauthI prathama kahevAze ke vidvAnoe, A purANanA AdhAre je jaNAya che (3) te jaina saMpradAyanI eka zAkhA che samaya AMdhrapatione goThavye rAkhyo che, te samaya paNa teno dakSiNa hiMdamAM pracAra thayo jaNAto nathI temano nathI ja. je Ai Adhrapationo samaya (4) uttara hiMdanA jainonI te zAkhA saMbhave che (5) karavo paDe che. te zrImana to tene saMsthApaka ja che: bhadrabAhu ane caMdraguptanA samaye je meTuM taDa jina eTale teno samaya kare kare ne kare ja. tema vaLI zrImukha saMpradAyamAM ubhuM thayuM che tenI pUrvanAM samayanI te zAkhA tathA khAravela to samakAlInapaNe thayA manAya che. dekhAya che (6) tema A zAkhAne cedivaMza sAthe saMbaMdha eTale khAravelane samaya paNa pheravIne i. sa. pu. nI haze ema mAlama paDe che. A cha hakIkatamAMthI pAMca cothI sadImAM te laI javo ja paDaze. matalaba ke vize ApaNe atre kAMI kahevAnI jarUra nathI. mAtra khAravela ane puSyamitra samasamayI nathI ja. je pAMcamI che tenuM ja pramANa ahIM levuM rahe che. te ' (19) eka anya graMthakAra jaNAve che ke 40 uparathI samajAze ke A cediyakuLanI utpatti mauya. "It must be observed that the samrATa caMdraguptanA samayanI pUrve thaI hatI ema temanuM Chetiya Kula mentioned in the Khar mAnavuM thAya che. caMdraguptanI pahelAMnI thaI, eTale vela grants, the earliest perhaps of azokanI paNa pUrvenI thaI ja; tema puSyamitranI pahelAM South Indian Jains, is a branch of the te ghaNAM varSonI thaI; matalaba ke khAravelano samaya Jains, which has not spread itself in puSyamitranI pahelAM ghaNAM ghaNAM varSone che. eTale S. India. It perhaps represents one khAravela ane puSyamitra baMne sahamayI nathI ja. of the Jain Sakhas of N. Indian (20) hAthIguphAnA lekhanI lipi ane samrATa origin, which flourished before the priyadarzinanA lekhenI lipi vacce tulanA karavAthI kenI great schism in the time of Bhadra. prAcIna che te te lipi vizAradane viSaya kahI bahu and Chandragupta. Possibly zakAya; paraMtu je te benI sarakhAmaNI karaze te this branch belonged to Chedi kingdom hiMmata che ke, rAjA khAravelanA lekhanI lipi vizeSa =ema noMdha karavI joie ke, khAravele karelAM prAcIna puravAra thaze. dAnapatramAM cetiyalanuM je nAma Ave che ane je upara pramANenA parAkSa ane apakSa, hakAra dakSiNanA hiMdI jemAM sauthI prathama che, te jaina. tathA nakAra uttaravALA aneka purAvAthI sAbita karI dharmanI evI zAkhA che ke je dakSiNa hiMdamAM phelAvo batAvAya tema che ke (1) khAravela ane puSyamitrane pAmI nathI. uttara hiMdamAMthI udabhavelI jainenI samaya eka nathI (2) ulaTuM khAravela to puSyamitrathI zAkhAmAMnI kadAca te eka haze; temaja, bhadrabAhu ghaNAMya varSa agAuthI thaI gayo che (3) tema ja puSyaane caMdraguptanA samaye je moTuM taDa paDayuM hatuM, tenI mitranuM bIjuM nAma bRhaspatimitra hatuM ja nahIM, ane agAu te thaI haze. saMbhava che ke A zAkhA cedi hAI paNa zake nahIM (4) bRhaspatimitra te eka tRtIya rAjyanI haze." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che ke (1) ane svataMtra ja vyakti che (te mATe naMdavaMzanI hakIkata khAravelanA dAnapatramAM cetiyakulanuM nAma Ave che. juo). A pramANe niradhAra thaI jAya che. tene vaLI (40) jai. sa. i. bhAga. 2. pR. 88-89 lekhanI samajUti apAya nahIM, tyAMsudhI samajavAne jarAkaThina (1) A uparAMta jaina sAhityamAMthI eka be purAvA maLI paDe tema che; mATe mulatavI rAkhavA paDayA che. juo AgaLanA Ave che. paraMtu te atrana utaratAM AgaLanA prakaraNe hAthIzaMkAnA parike "duSkALa ane mRtanuM saMrakSaNa' vALA pArimArka

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dvitIya paricheda ] samayano vicAra sIdhA purAvAthI-AMkaDAnI gaNatrIethI-paNuM samarthana kAM te naMdasaMvata ane kAM to mauryasaMvata dhArI levAmAM maLI jAya che. jenI tapAsa ApaNe nIcenA pAri Avyo che. jo ke Avo koI saMvata prAcIna samaye cAke have laIe. astitva dharAvato hato ke kema, ane dharAvato hato hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM saMvatane eka AMka Avelo te kaMI rAjadvArI banAva sAthe te saMvatsara saMyukta che. tene keTalAka graMthakAroe 169no AMka vAMcyo che;42 karIne vAparavAmAM Avyo che ke kema, te ApaNI keTalAkee tene 16pano TharAvyo jANamAM AvyuM nathI ja; kemake samaya-kALagaNanAnA khAlanA sama- che;3 paraMtu have te sarva je be pariccheda (juo uparamAM pU. 60 thI 113) yane vicAra sanmAnIya thaI paDayuM che ke te svataMtra rIte lakhI tenI carcA kAMika vistArathI ane AMka 103no ja che. eTaluM te chUTathI karI cUkyA chIe, temAM A be saMvatamAMthI kabUla karavuM ja paDaze, ke A AkhA hAthIguphAnA -naMda ke maurya-ekanuM nAma AvyuM nathI ja, chatAM kaI lekhanuM mahattava itihAsanI dRSTie eTaluM te vizALa paNa saMbhavita mArga tenI vicAraNAmAMthI ApaNe ane sarvavyApaka thaI paDayuM che ke, temane eka akSara mukta rAkha nathI; e paddhatie kAma levAnuM jyAre paNa vicArasRSTinI maryAdAmAMthI je jatA karAya, te jAhera karyuM che tyAre, saMbhavita ke asaMbhavitapaNuno ati gabhIra pariNAma nIvaDavA saMbhava che. eTale ke, lezamAtra vicAra karyA vinA ja, ApaNe te kevaLa te je ekAda zabdane paNa anya arthamAM besArI devAya AMka uparathI ja, tenA satyAsatyapaNune vicAra karI te, AkhA itihAsanuM parivartana thaI jAya tema che. tevo rahe che. tAtparya e che ke, tevI bhItinA mAryA paNa, ApaNe te teTalA mATe, dalIla khAtara mAnI lyo ke te darekanI mAnyatA grahaNa karIne ja vicAra karavo rahe che. AMka mauryasaMvata ane naMdasaMvatano ja che. vaLI ApaNane sAra e thayo ke, uparanA traNe AMkane 169, 165 khabara che ke, keI saMvatsarane AraMbha je thAya che ane 103-ApaNe vicAra kare rahe che. jyAre te kaIka hetune anulakSIne ja karAya che; pachI phAve khAravele pote ja zilAlekha kotarAvyo che ane te vaMzanI sthApanA nimitte teno AraMbha thayo hoya uparanA AMkavALA varSamAM pite vidyamAna hovAne ke amuka mahatvapUrNa banAvanA smaraNacihna mATe thayo purAvo Apela che tyAre ApaNe lezamAtra paNa saMdeha heya. prathama ApaNe naMdasaMvatane aMge vicAra karI laIe. lAvavAnuM kAraNa nathI. have ApaNe je tapAsavuM rahe naMdasaMvatane prAraMbha tenI zarUAtanI tArIkhathI ja che te, AMka kayAM saMvatsara che e siddha karavuM; je je thaye heya, to naMda pahelAne u naMdivardhanane uparathI khAravelanA samayane paNa acukapaNe nizcaya I. sa. pU. 47ra=ma. saM. 55 mAM jyAre rAjyAbhiSeka thaI jAya. thayo hato tyArathI gaNI zakAya. te bAda bIje kaI bhinnabhinna graMthakArAnA dhAravA pramANe A AMkane, mahatvane aitihAsika banAva banyo nathI, ke teno (42) ke. hi. I. pu. 1 pR. 608-Shatrani of hevAthI eTale ke zAlIvAhana zAtakaraNa ane khAravela bane the Andhra Dynasty (Shalivahan satkarni) samakAlIna hovAthI bannene samaya i. sa. 5. 119 gaNAya. being contemporary with Kharvel (whose (43) ja. bI. e. vI. se. pR. 3 ane 4 ka. 3 accession c. 169 B. c. if Hathigumfa inscri- mR. 11; I. hi, kavai. pu. 5 sana 1929 pR. 587 ane ption is dated in Maurya Era p. 314-15; 534 ane AgaLa-hAthIguMphA lekhanI paMkti 11 mAM " & 602) = je khAravelana samaya, hAthIguphAnA mauryana the one hundred and sixty fifth year of the saMvata pramANe Azare I. sa. pU. 169 gaNAya. tene ja time of the Mauryan kings mauryana jamAnA samakAlIna AMkavarI zAtakaraNa (rAlivAhana sAta karaNa) samayanI gaNatrIe 165 mAM varSe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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24 khAravelanA [ dAma khaMDa vicAra karavo paDe; haju ema kahI zakAya ke, naMda samrATa banyo tyArathI je tene AraMbha gaNu hoya AThamA pachI, jyAre navo naMda gAdIe Avyo te tenI miti I. sa. pU. 37ra=ma. saM. 155 tyAre je aMdhAdhUnI sArA ye rAjyamAM pravartI rahI gaNI levAya (3) paMjAbamAM TheraThera ubharI nIkaLelA hatI, tene nirmULa karIne teNe prajAmAM zAMti sthApI sarve baLavAne dAbI daIne, rAjA azokavardhane jyArathI dIdhI hatI, tyArathI kadAca te saMvatsarane je AraMbha niSkaTapaNe potAno rAjyAbhiSeka jAhera karyo tyArathI karAyo hato ema mAnI levAya, te tene samaya je Adi gaNavI paDe to tene samaya I. sa. pU. i. sa. pU. 415=ma. sa. 112 gaNo paDaze. te 326 ma. sa. 200 kahevAya (4) ane maryavaMzI samartha pachI te naMdavaMzane ja aMta I. sa. pU. 37ra= samrATa temaja te vaMzanI kIrtine sarvotkRSTa zikhare ma. saM. 155 mAM AvI gayo che, eTale te bAda kaI pahoMcADanAra mahArAjA priyadarzinanA rAjyAbhiSekane je prasaMgane lIdhe tene AraMbha karAyo che tevI kalpanA tenI AdinA kAraNarUpa gaNavo hoya te teno samaya I. karavAnuM paNa sthAna rahetuM nathI. matalaba ke, je te sa. pU. 289=ma. saM. 237 mUkavo paDaze. A pramANe AMkane naMdasaMvata TharAvAya te be tArIkhe ja vicAravI mairyasaMvatanA AraMbhanA muddA tarIke cAra banAvo gaNAze. kare che (1) I. sa. pU. 47ra ane (2) I.sa. pU. 415. te bannenuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM te ApaNe cha mAryasaMvata para je vicAra karIe to. tenI banAvonI tArIkhavALA varSanA AMka tapAsavA paDaze. sthApanA karavA mATe te aneka muddAo upasthita naMdasaMvatane aMge (1) Isa. pU. 472 ane (2) thatA jaNAya che. jemake (1) tenA Adya purUSa rAjA I. sa. pU. 415; ane maryasaMvatane aMge (3) caMdragupta jyArathI eka nAnA rAjavI tarIke potAnA I. sa. pU. 381-2 (4) I. sa. pU. 37ra (5) vaMzanI sthApanA karI tyArathI paNa kahI zakAya. ane I. sa. pU. 326 ane (6) I. sa. pU. 289, A te pramANe kare te teno samaya I. sa. pU. 381-2= cha e sAlane have ApaNe uparanA traNe AMkamAM ma. sa. 146 gaNAya (2) caMdragupta pite magadhane ghaTAvIne vicArIe. (a) (A) muddo 103nA aMka 16panA AMka 16nA Aka sAthe ghaTAvatA sAthe ghaTAvatAM sAthe ghaTAvatAM I. sa. pU. 472 I. sa. pU. 369 I. sa. pU. 307 I. sa. pU. 303 415 >> 312 246 372 269 207, 203 281 277 215 326 223 157 186 100 uparanA koThAmAM darzAvyA pramANe naM. 1thI 6 sudhInA besavAnI sAla I. sa. pU. 188 AzarenI che ane muddA nIcenA banAvonA (a) (A) (I)vALA Asa- cakravartI khAravelanI I. sa. pU. 183 AzarenI che, namAM batAvela samayane je samanvaya karIzuM te, tenI sAthe jo koI paNa sAlano meLa khAto batAvI vidvAnonI je mAnyatA che ke, puSyamitranI gAdIe zakAya ke puravAra karI zakAya tema hoya, te tevI mAtra (9 che 250 che 211 () jue uparamAM 5, 26 dalIla naM. 12

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dvitIya pariracheda ] samayane vicAra pAMca sAlone ja hajI lekhI zakAya tema che. jene sarva hakIkata yathAsthita samaye banyAnuM goThavI zakAya. ApaNe jADA akSare khAsa noMdha levA yogya tarIke athavA te sarva banAvane anukramamAM je goThavIe te, batAvI che te i. sa. pU. 161, 157, 186, 124 prathama mahArAjA priyadarzina thayA che ane temanI pachI ane 12nI che. A pAMcamAMthI paNa be te,-161, 103 varSe hAthIguMphAne lekha kotarAvAya che ema ane 157-vidvAnoe TharAvela 188 ane 183 karatAM kahevAya. paraMtu lipi vizAradano abhiprAya che tethI 25 varSa jeTalI moDI Ave che, jyAre bIjI be-124 ulaTo ja thAya che ema ApaNe upara pR. 253thI ane 120-te tethI paNa bIjA 35 varSa vadhAre meDI mAMDIne AgaLa (juo dalIlo naM. 1, 2, 3, 4, Ave che, eTale ke sATha varSa ke tethI paNa vizeSa che. I.) jeI gayA chIe. teo to makkamapaNe ema ja moDI jAya che. paNa vidvAnoe je "Azare" zabda mAnI rahyA che ke, prathama hAthIguMdAnA lekhane samaya lakhela che temAM bahu bahu te pAMca ke daza varSanA have joIe; (pachI te samaye tenI pUrve thoDAM varSane pherano ja saMbhava rahI zake. eTale uparokta pAMcamAMnI che ke vadhAre varSane che te jude prazna che) ane te cAra sAlone te ApaNA vicArakSetramAMthI bAkAta pachI ja mahArAjA priyadarzinano samaya hovuM joIe. karavI ja rahe che, jethI mAtra have I. sa. pU.186 eTale vaLI aDhAra sAlomAMnI je eka i. sa. pU. vALI eka ja bAkI rahI; ane te AMka vidvAnonI 186nI kAMIka aMze ApaNuM kasoTImAMthI uttIrNa thavA mAnyatAnI sAthe taddana baMdhabesate paNa AvI jAya jevI dekhAI hatI te paNa A lipivizAradonA maMtavya che. tema ja hAthIguphAne AMka je sauthI chellAmAM pramANe jamInadesta thaI jAya che. jethI ApaNe chelle ukela eTale ke 103ne TharAvavAmAM Avyo che aMtima eka ja nirNaya upara AvavuM rahe che ke, hAthItenI gaNatrImAM te AvIne ubho paNa rahe che. matalaba ke guphAnA lekhamAM 103ne AMka je che, te nathI naMda je aDhAra banAvonI sAlanA AMkaDAne kasoTI upara saMvatana ke nathI mauryasaMvatane; ane pariNAme puSyamitra caDAvI jevAne ApaNe pasaMda karyA hatA, temane mAtra tathA khAravela samakAlIna puravAra thatA ja nathI; tema ja eka ja AMkaDe, sarva rIte uttIrNa thaI zake te khAravelano samaya i. sa. pU. 186 ke tenI AsadekhAya che. ane te I. sa. pU. 186nI sAlano che pAsane paNa nathI ja. tathA 103nA AMka sAthe sumeLa khAto dekhAya che. A pramANe eka pachI eka sthiti, tathA banela paraMtu te sAla tema hoI zake ke nahIM, te sthiti ja banAvone laine, tema ja gaNitazAstranA AMkaDAo ApaNe vicArI rahe ke, jethI chevaTanA nirNaya mAMDIne 5Nu, ApaNe have puravAra karI zakyA chIe upara paNa AvI javAya. have A I. sa. pU. 186nI te vizeSa AhAdajanaka che ja; nahIMte, prAthamika sAla, je maurya saMvatsarano prAraMbha mahArAjA priyadarzi. daSTie vicAratAM thakAM paNa, ApaNe uparanA ja nirNaya nanA rAjyAbhiSekathI gaNavAmAM Ave te ja (juo upara AvI zakAya tema hatuM, chatAM te muddo atyAra uparamAM pR. 268) 103nA AMka sAthe ghaTAvI zakAya sudhI ApaNe AgaLa dharyo nahoto; kemake tema karavA che. anyathA nahIM ja. eTale sAra e che ke maurya jatAM, vAcakavarganI ekadama khAtarI paNa na thAta. saMvatano prAraMbha mahArAjA priyadarzinanA rAjyAbhiSekathI eTaluM ja nahIM paNa kadAca ApaNe hAMsIne pAtra ja gaNu ane te hisAbe tenA 103 va=I. sa. pU. paNa banI jAta. have koI paNa prakAranA bhaya vinA 186mAM athavA tenI AsapAsamAM (eTale ke I. sa. siMhanAde te kahI zakAya tema che ke, vidvAnoe I. sa. pU. 188 ke 183 jema vidvAnoe mAnI lIdhuM che pU. 186ne je samaya khAravelane TharAvela che te taddana tema) rAjA puSyamitra ane rAjA khAravelano samaya nakkI kalpIta ja che. chatAM ghaDIbhara mAnI lo ke te samaya thayela manAya; tema ja hAthIguMphAmAM lakhela pramANenI barAbara ja hatuM. te tene artha e thayo ke, khAravele Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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270 khAravelanA [ dazama khaMDa je magadhapati bRhaspatimitrane-ke bRhaspatirAjane- AMka je che, tene naMdasaMvata sAthe45 kaI prakArane pitAnA page namAvela hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM lakhela che saMbaMdha ja nathI. tema te AMka mauryasaMvatano paNa TharAvI te I. sa. pU. pAMcamI ke chaThThI sadIthI mAMDIne i. sa. zakAya tema nathI. kAraNake je bahaspatirAjane maryapU. 188 sudhInA keIka samaye magadhanI gAdIe vaMzI TharAvo te, cakravartI khAravelane paNa tenA vaMzanI birAje che jene ja. have ApaNe je magadha sAthe namUrtine mATe parApUrvathI verajhera cAlyuM AvatuM pationI vaMzAvaLI tapAsIzuM te (juo pu. 1 pR. hatuM tema gaNavuM rahe. eTale uparanI dalIlamAM jema 393; 5. 2 pR. 413; tathA pu. 3 pR. 404) ekadama naMdavaMzane bRhaspatirAja mAnavAthI, tene saMvata vApaane turata ja mAlUma paDaze ke, A traNa cAra sadInA rata khAravelane mAnavAmAM, je prakArane bAdha naDe che LamAM magadhapati tarIke mAtra traNa vaMzae ja sattA te ja prakArane bAdha atra bahaspatimitrane mairyavaMzI bhogavI che. (1) zizunAgavaMza (2) naMdavaMza ane (3) dhArI levAmAM ane tenA vaMzane mairyasaMvatano upayoga mauryavaMza. temAM prathama zizagavaza to ati prAcIna karate khAravelane mAnI levAmAM Avaze. eTale te ja che eTale tene ApaNI gaNanAmAMthI mukta karavo rahe dalIla ane te ja siddhAMtanA AdhAre. bRhaspatimitra che. bAkInA be vaMzamAMthI ja kaIka vaMzano nRpati te mairyanA saMvatane upayoga, cakravartI khAravelathI hAthIbRhaspatimitra hevo joIe ema siddha thayuM. bIjI guphA lekhamAM karAyo nathI ema ApoApa svIkAravuM ja bAju khAravela pite ja lakhI rahyo che ke, tene ane rahe che. A pramANe dareka rIte hAthIguphAmAM ketarAyala naMdavaMzanA bhUpatione biyAbAruM cAlyuM AvatuM hatuM, AMkane, naMdasaMvatsaranA ke mairyasaMvatsaranA AMka tarIke kemake tenA pUrvajonA samayamAM, koIka magadhapati naMda- vadhAvI levAne, Dagalene pagale virodha Ubho thayo ja rAjAe, kaliMgadezamAMthI janamUrtinuM haraNa karyuM hatuM: jenA kare che. matalaba ke te AMka nathI naMdasaMvatano ke nathI kAraNe pitAne magadha upara caDAI laI javI paDI mairya saMvatane. hatI. matalaba e thaI ke, khAravelane ane naMdarAjAne tyAre have savAla e thAya che ke, A 103 no verajhera keTalAya vakhatathI cAlyAM AvatAM hatAM. have AMka je vidvAnoe chevaTanA ukela tarIke mAnya je tevI duzmanAvaTa cAlI AvatI hAya-ane duzma- rAkhyo che te kyAM saMvatsarano hoI zake? A tatva nAvaTa hatI ja, te dIvAnI jyota jevI pragaTa hakIkata jo zodhI zakAya che, aneka muzkelIono phaDaca che to zuM khAravela je catura ane atula parAkramI AvI jAya. atra ApaNe prAcIna samayanA rAjAonA rAjA, pitAnA duzmana rAjAnA nAme calAvela saMvatsa, keTalAMka mULa bhUta-sUtra siddhAMte kevAM hatAM te jANI rane Azraya dhe khare? ane te paNa je zilAlekha levAnI jarUra ubhI thAya che pu. 2 mAM sikkAonuM rAjadvArI najare pote ja ATalI badhI mahatvatAne varNana karatAM (juo pR. 55 thI 72) ema joI lekhIne, tene zAzvata jaLavAI rahelo jovAnI icchA gayA chIe ke prAcIna samaye rAjAone mamatva tathA dharAve che temAM ja, te AMka kotarAvavA jevI bhUla ahaMbhAva bahudhA nahatAM ane tethI pitAnA nAmane kare ke IcachA seve; e svapna paNa khyAla Ave saMvatsara paNa calAvavAnI icchA dharAvatA nahIM. kharA ? tema kadI paNa thAya ja nahIM. eTale mAnavuM ja temaja game tevuM sarvotkRSTa kArya pate karyuM hoya te paNa, rahe che; tema have te binAne tadana sAbita thayelI ja te kAryanI sAthe potAnuM nAma sarIkhuM joDavAne paNa gaNavI rahe che ke, hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM 103no teo khacakAtA hatA. mAtra je kaI samayano (45) A AMka naMdasaMvata hovA vizenI keTalIka carcA che. 1 5, 330 upara karavAmAM AvI che te juo, (46) juo samrATa priyadarzinanuM AkhuM jIvana vRttAMta; A kAraNane lIdhe ja teNe banAvelI, nAnI ke meTI re Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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dvitIya paricheda ] samayane vicAra 27 AdhAra teo letA, te pitAnA ISTadevanA nAmanA Avyo che eTale tenuM AyuSya 25 + 6 = 11 saMvatsara ja AdhAra letA. tema ja sarva vastune varSanuM hatuM ema paNa nakkI thaI gayuM kahevAze. yaza pitAnA dharmane nAme ja caDAvavAmAM magarUrI uparanA pArigrAphamAM ema sAbita karI gayA mAnatA. jema sikkAcitronuM ane cihnonuM che, tema ja chIe ke hAthIguMdAnA lekhamAM kotarAvela 103ne zilAlekhamAMnI hakIkatanuM paNa samajI levuM rahe che. AMka mahAvIra saMvatane che ane temAM paNa moTA bhAge pitAnI yazagAthA gAvA 13nA AMkanI tenI gaNatrI temanA nirvANa karatAM, dhArmika vRttithI dAna devAnI ja hakIkate keta- anya zakyatA samaya I. sa. pU. para7thI karavAmAM rAvavAmAM AvatI hatI (juo uparamAM caNDaNavaMzanI AvI che. A sivAya je bIjI hakIkate pR. 218-19) vaLI e te nirvivAdItapaNe eka be zakayatA te AMkane vize amArA dhyAnamAM siddha thayela che ke rAjA khAravela pite jainamatAnu- AvI hatI paNa pAchaLathI mUkI devI paDI che, tene yAyI hatA. eTale je AMka teNe hAthIguphAmAM kota. paNa kAMIka khyAtA ApI devA AvazyakatA che; rAvyo che te anya koI nahIM paNa jainadharmanA chellA kemake saMvatanI kALagaNanAnI prathA upara, paNa temAMthI payagaMbara zrI mahAvIranAja saMvatsarane saMbhave che. A kAMIka prakAza paDe che. temaja saMbhava che ke, vizeSa mahAvIra saMvatano AraMbha temanA nirvANa (baidha vicAraNAnA bIjA muddAo vAcakavarganA manamAM paribhASAmAM jaNAvavuM hoya te parinirvANa) pAmyAnI upasthita thAya ane bahAra paDe, to A AMkanI tArIkhathI thayela gaNAya che. jeno samaya I. sa. zakyatA upara vizeSa uhApoha thavA pAme; jenA pU. 5ra7 TharAvAyela che (juo pu. 2. pR. 8-9) pariNAme ame Apela nirNaya satya che ke asatya te hisAbe rAjA khAravelanA rAjyanuM 103 AMka- te nakkI thaI jAya. vALuM varSa, te I. pU. 52-103=I. sa. pU. 4ra4 A AMkanI zakyatAne vicAra karatI vakhate be nuM Ave che. ane te tenA rAjyAbhiSeka pachInuM bIjI kalpanA thaI hatI (1) khAravela cakravatInA pAMcamuM varSa hovAnuM teNe hAthIguphA lekhamAM jaNAvyuM cedivaMzanI vicAraNA atyAre cAlI rahI che, vaLI teNe che. eTale tene rAjyAbhiSeka i. sa. pU. 424 + 5 pite ja lekhanI paMktimAM evA zabdo vAparyA che ke = 429 mAM thayAne athavA ma. sa. 98 no gaNavo jemAMthI cedi nAmane kema jANe ke saMvata te paDaze.47 A eka vAta siddha thaI. vaLI teNe 36 samayathI pravAhamAM mUkAyo hoya tevo AbhAsa-dhvani varSa rAjya karyuM che jethI tenuM maraNa 4ra9 - 36 = nIkaLI rahe che. temaja, anya rAjavaMzoe paNa I. sa. pR. 393 mAM thayuM kahevAze. eTale tene samaya potAnA vaMzanA nAmanA saMvatsarI calAvyA heyAnA ' I. sa. pU. 429 thI 393 = 36 varSa parvatano hovAnuM aneka daSTAMta ApaNI najare paDI rahyA che, tyAre sAbita thaI cUkyuM. ane pote 25 varSanI umare gAdIe khAravele kAM "cedisaMvata" nAmanA saMvatane Azraya pracaMDakAya keI paNa mati upara teNe pitAnuM nAma suddhAM ma. sa. mAM thayAnuM lekhAvyuM che te paNa sAbita thaI gaI paNa kotarAvela nathI. lekhAmAM (khaDaka lekhamAM ane taMbha gaNAze. kemake prImukha dhapati je zatavAhana vaMzanA lekhamAM) je tenuM nAma Ave che temAM mAtra dharmopadeza ja sthApaka che tene A khAravele, potAnA rAjayAbhiSekanA bIje che eTale temAM potAnI ahaMtA darzAvavAno hetu nathI; jyAre varSe eTale 982=00 mAM kaliMganA amuka bhAgamAM caDI uparanI matiomAM to tevo dharmopadeza kotarAvAya nahIM, ane AvatA ane saMsthAna jamAvato aTakAvya che; jethI teNe kevaLa nAma kotarAvavA jAya te ahaMkAranuM darzana karAvAya che. nAsika pAsenA mulakamAM haThI jaIne tyAM gAdI sthApI hatI. (47) pu. 1. pR. 348 mAM TAMkelI hakIkata have puravAra (48) jue A pustakamAM pR. 64 mAMnI hakIkata thaI gayelI gaNavI. tathA zatavAhana vaMzAnI Adi je 100 tathA te pAne TI. naM. 17

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272 103nA AMkanI [ dazama khaMDa na lIdhe hoya? matalaba ke, eka kalpanA te AMka samaye-ja thaI hoya (1) prathama vibhAge mahArAja cedisavatane havAnI thaI hatI (2) ane bIjI karakaMDa mahAmedhavAhana kaliMgapati banyo tyArathI, eTale ema thaI hatI ke, te AMka bhale mahAvIra saMvataneja I. sa. pU. 558thI (pu. 1 pR. 16-8) athavA vikalpa haiya; paraMtu tenI Adi temanA nirvANasamayathI eTale i. sa. pU. 563 (te ja pustaka pR. 168nI TIkA) I. sa. pU. parathI gaNAtI hovAnuM je atyAre (2) I. sa. pU. 537mAM bIjA vibhAge rAjA suratha manAI rahyuM che tene badale teo jyArathI ahaMnapadane gAdIe beThA tyArathI (3) trIjA vibhAge I. sa. pU. pAmyA tyArathI49, eTale I. sa. pU. 556 (juo 475 mAM rAja kSemarAja kiliMgapati banyo tyArathI pu. 1. pR. 397nI samayAvalI)nA samayathI kAM na (4) athavA rAjA khAravela pote i. sa. pU. 429mAM gaNAI hoya ? kemake, je koI saMvatano pracAra thaye che gAdIe beThe tyArathI. vaLI khAravele lekhamAM spaSTapaNe temAMnA lagabhaga sarvene prAraMbha10, jenA smArakamAM 103nA AMkane ane rAjA naMdane ulekha karela temane udabhava thayo che, temanA maraNa samaya sAthe che. zuM prasaMga che tenI hakIkata bhale saMdigdhamAM rahe, kadApi saMbaMdha nathI joDAye, paraMtu rAjA hoya te chatAM eTaluM niHzaMka tenuM kahevuM thAya che ja, ke te tenA rAjyAbhiSeka sAthe, ke dharmapravartaka hoya to samaya sAthe rAjAnaMdano koIne koI prakAre saMbaMdha hato ja; temanA jIvananA anya ujavaLa prasaMganA53 samaya tema e paNa svAbhAvika che, ke je te samayane naMdasAthe ja te saMyukta karAyo najare paDe che. te prathAne rAjAnI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvate ghaTAvI batAvavA anusarIne mahAvIranA saMvatano prAraMbha paNa I.sa.pU. hoya to te samaye rAjA naMdanI hayAtI hevI ja parane badale 556 sAthe kadAca joDAyA hoya? A joie. eTale tAtparya e thayo ke, uparanA cAra be zakyatAo vicArIne kema paDatI mUkavAmAM AvI aMkamAMthI e karyo AMka che ke jenAthI cedi che te have darzAvIe. saMvatano prAraMbha thayo gaNIne 103 nI sAla jyAre prathama cedisaMvatavALI bAbata tapAsI joIe. Ave. tyAre naMdarAjAnI hayAtI hatI ema batAvI je cedisaMvata vaparAyo ja heya, te tenI sthApanA zakAya. uparanA cAra AMka I. sa. pU. 558 (vikalpa nIce jaNAvela cAra prasaMgamAMthI ekane lIdhe-te 59) 537, 475 ane 429 che tenAthI prAraMbha (49) jIo uparamAM pU61 TI. naM. 5 ane 6 nI keTalAke joDo che; tema e paNa satya che, ke keTalAkae temanA hakIkta tathA nIcenI TIka naM. 52 mAM buddhanI jJAnaprApti nirvANa eTale jJAnaprAptinI samaya sAthe joDayA che (juo sAthe joDAyela buddha saMvatane prAraMbha thayo hato te hakIkata. 5. 2. 5. 8 thI AgaLamAM tathA TIkAomAM lakhelI cacI) (50) thoDAMka daSTAMta mATe juo pR. 106 mAM banA- eTale temAM ane prasaMgone upayoga karyo lekhAya tema che. vela koSTaka vaLI juo nIcenI TIkA. naM. 53 (5) je ke kahevAya che ke, maraNa (athavA rAjavaMzanI (53) IsavIsana jenA smArakamAM cAlu thayA che te paDatI thavAnA) samayathI paNa temanA saMvatanI Adi thai isa bhagavAnanA maraNane ke janmane ke anya prasaMga na zake che (juo uparamAM pU. 65 TI. naM. 8 mAM ke. . letAM, teo jyAre traNathI cAra varSanA hatA tyArano prasaMga 2. 5, 162 pArA. 135nuM che. remsananA matanuM avataraNa) jeDAyo che. (juo pR. 106 mAM batAvela koThe) tyAra paraMtu te eke daSTAMta noMdhAyAnuM haju jANavAmAM AvyuM muslIma bhAI e je hIjarI saMvata vApare che te temanA nathI. sarakhAvo nIcenI TI. na. 22, 53 nuM lakhANa tathA payagaMbara sAhebanA jIvanakALamAM amuka prasaMga banyA hatA prasaMge; te darzAvavA atra "kadApI' zabda vAparavo paDe che. tenA smArakamAM vApare che. eTale ke (sarakhAvo uparanI TIkA (52) kharI vAta che ke jema bauddha dharmanA pravartaka naM. 51 nI hakIkata) saMvatanI vaparAza bahudhA maraNanA buddha bhagavAnanA parinirvANa sAthe temanA saMvatano saMbaMdha samayanI noMdha levA mATe vaparAtI nathI.

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dvitIya pariccheda ] anya zayatA thayA laIne tenuM 103 jI varSa eTale i. sa. pU. 455, (460,) 434, 372 ane 326 Avaze. have ApaNe naMdarAjAnI vaMzAvaLI (jIe pu. 1 pR. 393, tapAsIzuM te| A cAramAMthI prathamanA be AMka evA dekhAya che, ke je samaye naMda nAmanA kAI rAjA gAdIpati hatA ja, temAM paNa prathama AMka, 455 (460) je che te naMda pahelAnA ane khIjo AMka 434 te naMda khIjAnA samaya batAve che, tema ApaNe pratihA-che sanA jJAnathI jANI cUkayA chIe, ke naMda bIjAnA rAjyaamale kaliMgapati sAthe kAi jAtanI athaDAmaNa jevuM ke maitrI bhAva jevuM paNa banavA pAmyuM nathI. eTale teneA khyAla ApaNe magajamAMthI khaseDI nAMkhavA ja rahe che. pachI kevaLa rahI naMda pahelAnI khAmatanI vicAraNA. ane ApaNe jANIe paNa chIe ke naMda pahelAnI sAthe ja khAravelanA pUrvajone khaDAkhAtAnA pasaMge ubhA thavA pAmyA hatA. eTale naMda pahelAnA samayane anulakSIne ja rAjA khAravele hAthINuMphrAnA lekhamAM uccAraNa kareluM haze ema samajAya che. ATale sudhI vAtaneA meLa kharAbara maLI rahyo. have ApaNe jovAnuM eTaluM ja rahe che ke, i. sa. pU. 455 4 vikalpe 460, athavA te mATenA cedi saMvatanA prAraMbhika AMka i. sa. pU. 558 vikalpe 563 che, te emAMthI kayA AMka cedisaMvatane prArabhika kALa kahI zakAze ? athavA khIjA zabdomAM tene lakhIe te cedisaMvatanI Adi 558mAM thaI kahevAya 4 563mAM ? eTale ke mahArAjA karaka u 558mAM kaliMgapati banyA hatA ke 563mAM; eTaluM nakkI karavuM rahe che. pu. 1. pR. 175 TI. naM. 44mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, zrI mahAvIra jyAre dIkSA lIdhA pacho navame varSe (eTale I. sa. pU. 559mAM) kaliMgamAM viharatA hatA tyAre kaliMgapati tarIke temanA pitAneA mitra hayAta14 hatA ane te niHsaMtAna gujarI javAthI tenI gAdIe karakaMDune besAravAmAM Avela che. eTale sAra e thayeA ke, 559 sudhI teA karaka u nahIM, paNa pele rAjavIja (54) vaLI jue. jai. sA. sa. khaMDa trIne, pU. 372 35 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 273 kaliMgAdhipati hatA. ane karakaM u je gAdIpati thayA che te 559 bAda ja: eTale 563nI sAla paNa kADhI nAMkhavI rahI; jethI pu. 1. pR. 168mAM cedisaMvatanI sthApanA mATe je traNa sAlA (558, 556 ke 475) vikalpe ApaNe darzAvI hatI tene paNa khAravele krAtarAvela zilAlekhanA AdhAre kAMika aMze nikAla AvI gayA gaNAze. haju ApaNe je vicAravuM rahe te e ke, 558nI sAla sAcI ke 556; tenA paNa nirNaya karI zakAya tema che. te carcAne prasaMga nIcenA pArAmAM Ave che mATe tyAM ApaNe varNavyo che. A pramANe cedisaMvatanI zakayatAne vicAra karI lIdhA. have mahAvIranI jJAnaprApti sAthe 103nA AMkanI zakayatAne saMbaMdha che ke kema te vicArIe. zrI mahAvIrane jJAna prApti I. sa. pU. 556mAM thayAnuM jANIe chIe ( jue pu. 1. pR. 397) eTale jo te samayathI mahAvIra saMvatanI sthApanA thaI hoya te tenuM 103 jI varSAM te i. sa. pU. 453 Ave che. je samaye navinane maraNa pAmyAne paNa lagabhaga traNa varSa thavAM AvyAM hatAM eTale naMda zabdanuM astitvaja nAbuda tha9 gayuM kahevAya; jyAre lekhamAM te khAravele te nAmanuM spaSTa rIte uccAraNa karela che. sAra e thaye ke zrImahAvIranI jJAna prAptinA samayathI te saMvata gaNAyA hAya ane tyAMthI mAMDIne 103 varSanI gaNatrI karAI haiAya te kalpanA pazu nirAdhAra che. A pramANe i. sa. pU. 556nA jJAnaprAptinA prasaMganA saMbaMdhane jema nirAdhAra TharAvAya che. tema karakaMDunA rAjyAre ANanI jo te sAla laIe teA te samayathI cedi saMvatanI Adi karAyAnuM athavA cedi vaMzanI sthApanA thayAnuM paNa teTale ja daraze nirAdhAra TharAvI zakAze. eTale 556nI sAla paNa sAcI TharatI nathI ja. aMDI khIjo muddo ubhA thAya che ke, jo cedi saMvatanA i. sa. pU. 558mAM AraMbha thayAnuM gaNA tA 103nI sAla te i. sa. pU. 455 Avaze; jyAre pakti 13-14, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- 103 sAlanI zakyatA vize [ dazama khaDa nAMdavardhananuM maraNa to 456mAM eTale ke eka varSa kapanAo ubhI karavI ane tenI zakyAzakyatAne vaheluM nIpajI cUkyuM che. te A be vastune meLa vicAra kare te karatAM, je saraLa mArga hoya tene ja kema besArI zakAya? be rIte sUcavI zakAze. (1) Azraya le te zreyaskara che. te hisAbe A banne 558ne badale 559mAM karakaMDanuM gAdIe AvavuM gaNavuM zakayatA paDatI mUkI che. eTale ke te AMka cedi saMvatane jethI naMdivardhananA rA chellA varSe ja pele 103 hovAnI zakyatA nathI ja,55 tema AgaLa puravAra varSavALo banAva banavA pAmyo hoya ane tarata te karI gayA chIe ke te AMka naMda saMvatanoye nathI tema bAda naMdivardhananuM maraNa nIpajyuM hoya. (2) athavA maurya saMvatane paNa nathI; paraMtu have sAbita thaI gatavarSa ane cAluvarSa te benI gaNatrI karavAmAM, ke cUkayuM che tema, hAthIguMphAnA lekhamAM ketarAyela 103ne. . sa. ane I. sapU.nI gaNatrI karavAmAM mahInAonI AMka mahAvIra saMvatane ja che tathA tene AraMbha pIchehaTha karIne je kAma levuM paDe che, tevI koI prathAne zrI mahAvIranA nirvANa pAmyAne samayathI eTale I. aMge thI bAra mahinAne avadhi pasAra thaI gayo sa. pU. 527thI ja gaNAyela che je nirNaya upara hoya. A pramANenI bhAMjagaDa ane gaDamathalavALI AvavuM paDayuM che. (55) A AMka cedi saMvatane levA vize hajI hAthIguphAmAM utArI che te joI levI. kAMika zaM rahI jAya che tenI carcA AgaLanA pari Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= = = ',.jitulalls ET tRtIya pariracheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) hAthIguMphAnA lekhane anuvAda TUMkasAra -hAthIguphAnA lekhanI aitihAsika daSTie samajAvelI mahattAatyArasudhI te upara cAlI AvatA maMtavyane Apela prathama khyAla-te bAda temAMthI paMktivAra vAkayo tathA zabdo laI, kAraNe sAthe thatA matapheranI karelI rajuAta tathA temAM samAyela muddAonI ApelI samajUti tenI sattara paMktiomAMthI kevaLa be ja vinA matapheravALI che; bAkInI padaramAMthI, phUTa temaja saraLa maLIne 36 muddAo (jevA ke, venarAja, musikanagara, 103ne AMka, mauryakALa ucheda pAmela cosaddhi, kaliMgajInamUti, rAjagRha, mathurA, yunAnI rAja, biMdati trama radeza, brahaspatimitra, kAyaniSadI, I zabda ane vAkyaprayogo) evA ubhA thayA che ke je khUba spaSTIkaraNa mAMgI rahyA che; vaLI te 36 mAMthI keTalAyamAM peTA savAla ubhA karyA che, AvI rIte lagabhaga 50 jeTalA prazno je upasthita thayA che te sarvenI, etihAsika vigato, dalIlo ane anya paristhiti TAMkITAMkIne karelI carcAjethI hAthIguphA lekhanA vidhAyaka rAjA zrI khAravela je jainadharma pALI rahyo hato tenI aneka vigata upara pADela prakAza-vidvAnee A jainadharmanuM sAhitya bilakula tapAsela nahIM hovAthI, lekhane artha besAravAmAM temane naDela muzkelIonuM, tathA maLela niSphaLatAnuM vAkaye vApe dekhAI AvatuM citra-tenA nipajatA arthamAMthI, eka jaina rAjA kevA prakAranuM jIvana gujArI zake che tene Avate khyAla-te uparathI rAjA khAravelanuM cAritrya kaI kakSAe vyatIta thaI rahyuM hatuM tene maLate paricaya-kudaratanA kAcaDhAe batAvela pacAonI vacce vacce ApavI paDelI samajUti- Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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276 hAthIguMphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa rAjA khAravela (cAlu) nAranI te ketarAvanAra rAjA khAravelanA dharma je zilAlekhe ItihAsamAM AvuM moTuM ane saMbaMdhI ajJAta dazAmAM raheluM che. jabaradasta parivartana karI naMkhAvyuM Akho lekha sattara lITImAM kotarAyela che. te hAthIguphane heya tene vize vAcaka vargane vizeSa dareka paMktino anukramavAra bhAvArtha je mAnya rahyo zilAlekha jANavAnI manovRtti heya te sva- che te A pramANe hovAnuM jaNAyuM che - bhAvika che, paraMtu Akhaye zilAlekha (1) prathama paMkti-airapa (aila) mahArAja, ke tene saghaLe sAra, uddharita karavAnuM kArya A graMtha prayo- mahAmeghavAhana cedirAja vaMzavardhana...kaliMgAdhipati janamAM na gaNAya tethI te kArya paDatuM mUkI, tene zrI khAravela khyAla vAcaka vargane soMze AvI zake teTale darajaje (2) paMdara varSa sudhI....bAlyAvasthAnI (kriDAo) tene sArara ja atra Apa uMcata dhAryo che. te karI nava varSa sudhI yuvarAja tarIke zAsana karyuM. te lekhane je artha, aghaparyata vidvargamAM sAmAnya vakhate saMpUrNa covIsa varSanI umaranA thayela teozrI) rIte svIkAravAmAM Avyo che te prathama jaNAvIzuM jeo bAlyAvasthAthI vardhamAna che ane jeo ane pachI, temAM kayAM kyAM amArI mAnyatA judI abhivijayamAM vena (rAja) che, trIjA paDe che tathA tene kevI kevI rIte artha ghaTAvavo (3) purUSayugamAM (trIjI peDhImAM). mahArAjyarahe che te chevaTe jaNAvIzuM. mAnyatA je judI paDe bhiSekane prApta thayA. abhiSeka pachInA prathama varSamAM... che tenAM mukhya kAraNa e che. eka to te lekha je killAnI marAmata karAvItaLA ane pALo baMdhAvyAM. sthitimAM maLI Avyo che tene aMgreja ubhuM badhA bAganI marAmata thavA pAmyuM che ane bIjuM kAraNa tenA ukela kara. (4) karAvI pAMtrIsa lAkha prakRti 10 (prajAnuM (1) vAMchukavarge te viSayanA khAsa khAsa graMthe jaI mAnasa samajavAne jaina sAhityanuM jJAna avazya gaNAya. levA vinaMti che. atyAra sudhI jaina sAhityano pracAra ane prakAzana joIe (2) punAthI pragaTa thatA jaina sAhitya saMzAdhaka nAmanA teTalA pramANamAM thayAM nathI. tethI te saMbaMdhI ajJAna prasatrimAsika patra, khaMDa trIjo pR. 380 mAMthI tAravIne sAra reluM hoya ane te pramANamAM tene ukela karavAmAM barAbara atra Apyo che. (A patra hAla baMdha paDI gayuM che.) artha na samajI zakAya tevI sthiti rahe te dekhItuM ja che. () A sthiti kevI che tenuM varNana atre ApavA (5) A zabdanA artha mATe, A khaMDamAM ja AgaLanA karatAM, jai. sA. saM. khaMDa 35. 36mAM je zabdo lakhAyAM paricchede juo. che te sadAbarAja jaNAvIe chIe. "keTalAka aMzamAM lekha (6) je zabda mULa zilAlekhamAM nathI paNa hakIkatane gaLI gayo che. keTalIka paMktionI zarUAtanA bAreka saMbaMdha besAravAne anuvAdakane umeravA paDayA che te zabda akSaro pattharanAM capatarAM sAthe uDI gayA che, ane keTalIka temaNe pheMsamAM lakhyA che. paMktiomAM vacce vacce akSare ekadama uDI gayA che ane () AnA artha mATe juo pR. 230 tathA AgaLa upara kayAMka pANIthI dhasAI gayA che. kyAMka kayAMka akSaranI (8) kaliMgapatio hovA chatAM zAmATe cedirAjanA kotaraNI vadhI gaI che ane jalapravAha temaja bIjA kAra- vaMzavardhana tarIke potAne oLakhAvavA magarUrI dharAve che te mATe thI bhramotpAdaka cihe utpanna thaI gayAM che. kayAM sudhI 5. 1 mAM cedi dezanuM ane karakuMDa mahArAjanuM vRttAMta vAMce. DhAMkaNAnI nizAnI che ane kayAM kAlakRta bhrama-jAla che ene (9) AvA prakAranA lokopayogI kAryo karavAnI rAjakartAukela karavo eja A lekhanuM rahasya che." onI pharaja te samaye gaNAtI hatI, temaja te adA karavAmAM (have vicAre ke AvI sthitimAM tene hekala karatAM teo kevA tatpara rahetA te A uparathI samajAze. samrATa aneka khalanA thaI jAya te saMbhavita che ke nahIM ?) priyadarzinanA lekhomAMthI paNa A sthiti spaSTa thAya che. (4) zana khAvela jainadharmAnuyAyI che. tevI vyaktinuM (10) A uparathI te samayanI vastI keTalI haze tene Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 277 raMjana karyuM. bIjA varSamAM sAtaNi (sAtakarNi)nI (9)...(13aneka dAdIdhAno ullekha) che. ahaMtanA kAzI paravA karyA vinA ja pazcima dizAmAM (caDAI (10) rAjabhavanarUpa mahAvijya(nAma) prAsAda karavA mATe) moTI senA mokalI, kanjharvenA (kRSNa teoe ADatrIsa lAkha (paNa) vaDe banAvarAvyo. veNu nadI upara pahoMcelI senAvaDe musika (mUSika) dazamAM varSamAM daMDa-badhi-sAma pradhAna (teoe) nagarane bahu trAsa Apo. vaLI trIje varSe bhUmi jaya karavA mATe bhAratavarSamAM prasthAna karyuM... (5).. utsava, samAja11 karAvI nagarIne ramADI (11)..(agiyAramA varSamAM) (keI) kharAba ...cothe varSe rAjAe banAvarAvela maMDa (maMDI yA bajAra)ne moTA | (6).. evA badhA rASTika, bhojakane pitAnA gadheDAonA haLavaDe kheDAvI nAMkhyo. lekene chetaranAra paga upara namAvyA. have pAMcamA varSamAM naMdarAjanA ekasetera varasanA tamaranA dehasaMghAtane teDI nAkhe. ekaso trIjA varSa (saMvata)mAM dAyelI naherane tana- bAramA varSamAM...utarApathanA rAjAone bahu trasta karyA. suliyA vATe rAjadhAnInI aMdara laI AvyA. abhi- (12)...te magadhavAsIone bhAre bhaya utpanna SekanA [chaThThA varSe rAjasUya yajJa ujavatAM karatAM karate chate hAthIone sugAMgeye14 (prAsAda) sudhI badhA rUpiyA laI gayo ane magadharAja bRhaspatimitrane pitAnA (7) mApha karyA ...sAtamA varSamAM rAjya karatAM paga upara nabhAvyo tathA rAjA naMdadvArA laI javAmAM tionI gRhiNI vajadharavALI duSitA (nAmacIna Avela kaliMganamUrtine..ane gRharane laI pratiyA prasiddha) mAtRpadane prApta thaI..AThamA varSamAM hAravaDe aMga-magadhanuM dhana laI Avyo. geragiri (13)...adabhUta ane Azcarya (thAya tevI rIte te) (8) ne teDIne rAjagRhane gherI lIdhuM. enAM hAthIovALA vahANa bharela najarANuM haya, hAthI, karmonAM avadAno (vIrakathAo)nA sanAdathI yunAnI ratna, mANijya pAMDaya rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate rAjA (yavanarAja) Dimite,Demetrios pitAnI aneka motI, maNi, ratna haraNa karAvI lAvyo. senA ane chakaDAM ekaThAM karI mathurA choDI devA mATe (14) sIone vaza karyA. teramA varSe pavitra pAchAM pagalAM bharyAM navamA varSamAM pallava.. kumAri parvatApa upara jayAM (jaina dharmanuM) vijaya (1) samrATa priyakavI gayuM che (juo ke te hetu darzAvatA rAjA ane caMdraguptane "sumAM khyAla Avaze. (zilAlekhanI hakIkta che eTale tenI satyatA (12) bihAramAM gayA zaheranI pAse je barAbara nAma vize to zaMkA rahetI nathI ja). savAla e che ke A na pahADa che (juo priyadarzina rAje; pu. ra. pR. 397 vastI eka nagaranI che ke tene AkhA sAmrAjyanI vastI uparanuM pariziSTa 1) tene gosthagiri tarIke oLakhAve kahevAno bhAvArtha che te samajAtuM nathI. che (juo. jai. sA. saM. khaMDa 3. pR. 381 TI. naM. 8) (1) samrATa priyadarzine paNa AvAM samAja darzananAM (13) keMsamAM mUkela zabdo amArA che. mULamAM dAna kAryane loka raMjananA kArya tarIke gayuM che (Ao khaDaka karyAnI vigata ApelI che. te atra utaravAnI jarUra na lAgI lekha naM. 3) A uparathI samAnaze ke khAravela ane priya- tethI te hetu darzAvatA zabda ja mUkAyA che. darizana ekaja dharmanA haze. sarakhA uparanI TIkA. naM. 9 (14) mudrArAkSasa nATakamAM naMda ane caMdraguptane "subhAMga tathA nIcenI TIkA naM. 20 nAmaka mahela pATaliputramAM batAvavAmAM AvyuM che. (jai. AvAM lokaraMjananAM kAryA, jyAre jyAre kAMI khuzAlInA sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 382 TI. naM. 11) prasaMge rAjyane upasthita thatAM tyAre tyAre karavAmAM AvatAM (15) A nAma khaMDagiri-udayagirinuM che. priyadAzanahatAM (jaina sAhityamAM AvA aneka prasaMgenAM varNano ne jyAM dhaulina zilAlekha che te bhuvanezvaranI pAse vAMcavAmAM Ave che.) nAne pahADa che. tyAM ja A hAthIguMphAne lekha sarakhA TIkA naM 11 mAM kara mApha karyAnI hakIkta) ketarAyA che. nAma,

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278 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa che caka6 supravRtta che...kAyaniSIdI (tU5) upara. (16)...vaiDu ratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo sthApana rAjabhUtio kAyama karI dIdhI (zAsano bAMdhI karyA, patera lAkhanA kharcathI) mauryakALamAM uccheda ApyAM) 8 pUjAmAM rata19 upAsaka20 khAravele jIva pAmela cesaThi (cosaTha adhyAyavALA) aMgasamikane ane zarIranI ra1 zrInI parIkSA karI lIdhI (jIva ane cotho bhAga pharIthI taiyAra karAvyo. A kSemarAje, zarIra pArakhI lIdhuM). vRddhirAje, bhikSurAje, 23 dharmarAje, kalyANe dekhatAM (15).. arihaMtanI niSadIra pAse....aneka sAMbhaLatAM ane anubhava karatAM. yojanathI lAvavAmAM Avela...siMhaprasthavALI rANI (17)...badhA paMthane Adara karanAra 24 badhA siMdhulAne mATe niHzvaya. prakAranA maMdiranI marAmata karAvanAra, akhkhalita (16) jue pu. 1, pR. 170 TI. pa6: pu. 2. pR. [ sAMcI rUpa upara (juo priyadarzinanA vRttAte) dIpapa9, TI. naM. 44-45 mAM pratihAryanuM (devaracita AThanI nA mALA pragaTAvavA samrATa caMdragupate je hajAro rUpIAnuM saMkhyAmAM che tenuM) varNana ApyuM che. te uparathI samajAze ke dAna karyAnuM jaNAyuM che te binA sAthe A hakIkatane sarakhAve.] jema cakravatI rAjAnI nizAnI tarIke tenI agADI caka- 19) jainazAstramAM dareka jainane eka divasamAM traNa rana pharyA kare che, tema dharmacakavatI (tIrthakaranI AgaLa nI AgaLa vakhata devapUjana karavAnuM kahyuM che (juo pu. 1 mAM rAja dharmacakra cAle che. tethI temane vijayacakra kahevAya che. temaja zreNika ane udayAjanI hakIkata; tema rAjA khAravela paNa tevI saMpattivALI vyaktine "pravRttacakra' paNa kahevAya che. devapUjAmAM racyo pacce rahete hato ema samajAya che.). jaina, sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 372 A lekhamAM lakheluM (20) samrATa priyadarine paNa upAsakavRtta grahaNa che ke, mArI parvata upara jyAM A lekha che tyAM dharma karyA hatAM evuM temanA khaDakalekha uparathI suprasiddha che. A vijayacakra pravaryuM hatuM, arthAta bhagavAna mahAvIre pote ja hakIkta siddha kare che ke khAravela ane priyadarzina sahajainadharmane upadeza karyo hate. dhamI hatA ( vaLI sarakhAve uparanI TI. na. 11). A parvatane sametazikharanI taLeTI hovAnuM ApaNe (21) jIva = cetana, AtmA pugala ane jaNAvyuM che. (juo uparamAM pR. 247) ane A same rarIra = deha, pudagala I AtmA vacce tazikhara parvata upara nAnA vartamAna kALe thayela 24 nA taphAvatana-sArAsAranuM rahasya je pAmI cukayA che: tAramAMthI 20 nirvANa pAmyAnuM gaNAya che tethI A matalaba ke jene AtmAnA ezvaryAnuM khare bhAna thaI pahADa upara 'vijayacakra supravRtta' = zreSTha rIte pharatuM rahyuM gayuM che. che evA bhAvArthamAM nireza karyo che nIcenI TIkA naM. (22) jue uparanI TIka naM. 17 27 tathA 28 juo. (23) pitAnuM kharuM nAma to khAravela che. paNa (17) niSIdI samAdhi:kAyaniSidi=jyAM zarIrane agni. dAdAnuM nAma khemarAja, ane pitAnuM nAma vRddhirAja hatuM dAha lIdhe hoya tyAM je samAdhi ubhI karavAmAM Ave che ke, teneja anasaranuM nAma bhikhurAja teNe dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. athavA stUpa; prAcIna kALe jainamatavALAo paNa pitAnA uparAMta pote dharmakAryamAM bahu rata hovAthI pote dharmarAja dharmAtmAnA nirvANa pAmavAnA sthaLe AvA stUpo racatA paNa kahevAya heya ema samajAya che. hatA te AvA zilAlekhanI hakIkatathI siddha thayuM samajavuM (24) potAnI raiyatanA sarva dharma pratye eka sarakhAM (pu. 2 mAM priyadarzinanA vRttAte TopsavALI hakIkatanuM varNana prema tathA mamatA batAvavAM, e rAjAne je dharma manAya che. jue tathA bhillAsa ane bhArahata TopanA vRttAMta sAthe tenuM pAlana rAjA khAravele karyuM hatuM. A sarva hakIkata sarakhAvo.) rAjasattAe kAInA dharmamAM hAtha na nAMkhave tenuM A (18) dharmanAM sthAna upara tene lagatI kriyA prakriyAo uparathI sUcana maLe che. priyadarzine paNa A rAjanItinuM kAyamane mATe thayA ja kare te mATe je mAsa tyAM niyata ja anusaraNa kareluM dekhAI Ave che. sau dharma pratye sahithAya tenA udara nirvAhane harakata na Ave te sArU dAtAo gaNutA dAkhavavI ghaTe che. hamezAM Arthika jogavAI karI Ape che. te pathAnuM ahIM (25) te samaye maMdira, co vigere hatAM tema A na khAravelanA A kRtyathI aNa thAya che. uparathI sAbita thAya che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariccheda ] ratha ane sainyavALA, cakrara6 (rAjya)nA dhura (netA) gupta (rakSita) cakravALA, pravRtta cakravALA27 rAjarSi8 vaMza viniHsRta rAjA khAravela. anuvAdanI samajUti [noMdha--upara pramANe te lekhanA bhAvArtha saM. 1984 (i. sa. 1926) sudhI mAnya karAyA hatA. amArI mAnyatA keTaleka ThekANe temanAthI judI paDe che. vAcake ne eTaluM jaNAvavAnI jarUra che ke, amArI mAnyatA-ke kalpanA-kAMi zilAlekhanA vAMcana uparathI ke tenA uparathI nIkaLatA arthanA pheraphAra uparathI ubhI thavA pAmI nathI. paraMtu je vicAra| udbhavyA hartA; tathA te samayanI banelI sarva aitihAsika dhaTanAenA paraspara saMbaMdha meLavavA mATe je keTalAMka anumAneAnI racanA karavI Avazyaka hatI; te prathama racI kADhayAM hatAM, tyAra bAda te sarvane tadAkAra-varSAnI sAthe meLa meLavI gUMthI-ghaDI kADhavAM che. eTale banavA joga che ke, te anumAnA sarvathA sAcAM na paNa nIvaDe. chatAM hiMmatathI kahI zakAze ke temAMthI evA prakAranI eka sthitinuM sarjana thAya che ke, jethI te lekhanA lipi jJAne, karI karIne te vAMcavAnI ane vicAravAnI jarUriyAta lAgaze. pariNAme sUcita pheraphAra yAgya (26) cakra eTale cakravartInA rAjya jevuM vizALa jevu rAjya che tevA; vaLI sarakhAve! uparanI TIkA naM. 16 (27) bruo uparanI TIkA nakhara 16; uttara hiMdanA "gaMgA" mAsika patranA 1933 jAnyuArInA khAsa purAtatva aMka pR; 167:-Isa lekhame' (hAthIguphAnA varNana karatAM) Enter bhI varNana hai joke bodhoM ke dhammacakka ke samAnahI dharmakA cinha thA / eTale ke, rAjA khAravele lakhela pravRttacakra zabda te bauddha dharmAMnA dharmacakra samAna che. ema lekhakanu matathya che A khAbatamAM jainadharmAMvALAnI zI mAnyatA che te mATe uparanI TI. naM. 16 jue. tathA pu. 3. pR. 281 mAM takSIlAne je dhacakra tI kahevAyuM che tenuM varNana jue.) (28) rAja+RSi=je rAjA heAya ane pAchaLathI dIkSA laine muktipadane varcA heAya tene aMge A zabda ' pravrutacakravALA rAjarSi vaparAyA che. matalaba ke rAnna khAravela peAte temanA va'zamAMthI utarI AvyeA hatA ema temanuM kahevuM thAya che. tethI ja peAtAne rAjavize viniHsRta = Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 279 che ke ayeAgya, athavA pUrve artha esAravAmAM bhrAMti thaI che ke kema athavA jyAM akSaro khUTatA mAlUma paDe che tyAM amuka akSarAnuM kSepana karIne saLaga paMkti ubhI karAya che ke kema, athavA amuka akSaranI anumAtrA ke kAnAmAtrI lAMkhI TUMkI thaI jaIne ke kALadevanI asarathI 8 zilA uparanA akSarAnA ukela anyathA samajAya che ke kema, AvA aneka pratA temanA vicAra kSetramAM utpanna thaI te saMbaMdhI mArga kApavA mATe temane prayAsa karavA paDaze. ame sUcavela ardha besAravA mATe athavA kahe ke badhI vastuti sAthe hAthInuMkAmAM kAtarela hakIkatAne anya aitihAsika prasaMgAnI sAthe TAvavA mATe, sauthI prathama amAre eka paristhitineAja Azraya levA paDayA hatA. te e che ke khAravelane potAnA AkhAye jIvanakALa daramyAna, uttara hiMdanI sAthe alpAMze paNa levA devA hatI nahIM, sivAya ke eka ja prasaMga; ane te eTalA ja ke magadhapatirAjane namAvavAnA ane jaina mUrtine peAtAnA dezamAM pAchI lAvavAnuM mahatkArya40 karavAne; A sivAya teNe uttara hiMdu tarapha AMkhanI mITa sarakhI paNa mAMDI nathI. rASinA vaMzamAM vizeSapaNe khyAti pAmela che, evA peAte, ema kahIne sakhAdhe che. [ jainadharmAMnA siMdhusauvIrapati rAjA udayanane paNa aMtima rAjarSi kahevAca che. eTale ke te chellA kevaLI hatA ema nahIM, paNa je rAjAoe zrI mahAvIra khudanA varadahaste dIkSA lIdhI hatI, evA rAjha mAhe te chellA hatA ema bhAvA che. nahIM te tenI pachI tA aneka rAjAoe dIkSA paNa lIdhI che (jemake cadragupta mauryAM) te tene ja kAM aMtima padma lagADAyuM che? (jIe pu. 1. pR. 224 TI. na. 105)] (29) A lekhanA akSaro saMbaMdhI ahIM darzAvelI pAMca cha prakAranI sthiti hatI ja ema uparanI TI. na. 3 nA vAMcanathI spaSTa thAya che. AvI sthitimAM jyAM lekha maLI Ave, tyAM tenA ukelamAM tathA bhAvA besAravAmAM ane kSati rahevA pAme te svabhAvika che. vaLI uparanI TIkA naM. 4 paNa sarakhAve. (30) mUti pAchI potAnA dezamAM lAvavAnA kAryama mahukA zA mATe kahevAmAM AvyuM che te te, te mUrtinu www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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240 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa teNe yuvarAja tarIkenI kALa, tema ja gAdIe birA- sArvajanika kAmamAM ro pao rahevAnI" IcchAchata thayA pachI paNa sarva samaya, pitAnA kaliMga vRtti dharAvatA hatA. mUrtine prasaMga, ke je tenA dezamAM ja, athavA to tenI dakSiNe eTale ke dakSiNa kuLanI kIrti-AMTa-nAkano savAla thaI paDyo hate hiMda tarapha ja ke bahu tyAre siMhaladvIpa sudhI caDAI te jo tene ADe Avyo na hata, te magadha tarapha laI jaI parAkrama batAvavAmAM ja, vyatIta karyo hato. paNa jhAMkhI karIne te jota ja nahIM. A prakAranI teTalA mATe guphAnA lekhamAM teNe je je varNana karI tenI manodazA samajI laIne, hAthIguphAnA lekha batAvyuM che, te sarva dakSiNa hiMdamAM teNe karelA prayANa mAMhelI vastu sthitino ukela karavA ame prerAyA paratvenuM ja che, eTaluM khAsa samajI levuM rahe che. A chIe; te hakIkata prathama jaNAvI daIe chIe. have nirNaya upara amAre AvavuM paDayuM che tenuM sabaLamAM tenI pratyeka paMktinA artha ukelanI sUcanA tathA te uparanI sabaLa kAraNa e che ke te samaye gAmasta uttara carcA karIzuM] ATaluM vivecana karI have matabhedavALA bhAratavarSa upara magadha sAmrATanI hAka 32 vAgI muddAo, ane tenI dalIlo kAraNo sAthe raju karIzuM. rahI hatI, jethI te bAju najara pheravavAnI tene (1) prathama paMkti-barAbara che. khAsa muddo koI kAMI tamannA-tAlAvelI paNa nahotI. tema vaLI pitAne ubho thato nathI. nahote tevo koI rAjyabha ke nahoto keI upara (2) (a) paMdara varSa sudhI bAlyakriDAo karI verabhAvano badalo levAno prasaMgapote AhaMdu che, ane te bAda nava varSa sudhI yuvarAja pade jIvana upara apratima prema dharAvatA hatA, je rahyA che. eTale 24 varSa saMpUrNa thayA bAda tene tenA hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI sApha rIte samajI rAjyAbhiSeka thayo che. A uparathI keTalAka vidvAne zakAya che. eTale pitAnA dharmanA pharamAna pramANe evA anumAna upara AvyA che ke, te samaye pacIsa kArya karavAmAM tathA anya rIte leke pogI ane varSanI umareja rAjalagAma seMpavAno rivAja mahAo, AgaLa pArigrAphamAM varNavavAnuM che, tenI samajaNa eTale te jIvane avazya mokSa maLe che ja; ane me thaze tyAre ja barAbara samajaze (vaLI pu. 1, pR. 174 pAmavo eTale pachI janma maraNane kerA tene 2hetA nathI. mAM 'pelI suvarNa pratimA vizenuM varNana vAMce. vaLI vizeSa samajUti mATe AgaLa upara juo. (31) AThamI paMktinA bhAvArthavALI hakIkata je AgaLa (34) pate jaina dharma pratye ke anurakta haze te upara ApavAmAM AvI che te sarakhAvo. AkhA hAthIguphAnA zilA lekhanI badhI kaDInA varNanamAMthI (32) 2AjA khAlane samaya i. sa. pU. 429thI 393 tarI Ave che. vaLI sarakhAvo uparanI TIka naM. 30 tathA sudhIne che. te samaye magadhanI gAdI u5ra naMda bIjAnuM ane TI. naM. 22 navamAM naMdanuM ema maLI be pratApI rAjanya dIpI rahyAM hatAM. (35) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 9, 11, nI hakIkata vacce je kAMI aMdhAdhunI jevAM Azare bAreka varSa cAlI tathA paMkti 4, 6, 7, 9 i. mAM karela kAryanuM varNana. rahyAM hatAM te vakhate bhUprAptino lAbha levA hota to khAravela tathA AgaLa upara "mahAvijaya prAsAda"nuM ane laI zakta; paNa te sthiti kALadeve utpanna karI nahotI. "pustako ddhAra"ne lagatuM varNana jue (jIe pu. 1. prathama paricchede kudarata vizenuM varNana) tenA lekhamAM kotarAyela sarve hakIkta uparathI samajAya (33) hAthIguphAnA lekhanI paMkti 9 juo temAM teNe che ke, eka varasa te rAjakAraNamAM gALatA tyAre bIje ahaMta zabda spaSTapaNe lakhe che; varSe janahitakArI kArya karate. ahaMnane lagatuM te AIna kahevAya; tyArathI koI (36) jIo je. sA. saM. 5. 3, pR. 375; temAM vyaktine kaivalyajJAnanI prApti thAya, tyArathI te ne ahaMta lakhyuM che ke " brahaspatisUtramAM lakhyuM che ke, 24 varSa kahI zakAya che. kemake ahaMna eTale jene karI karIne A pachI rAjyAbhiSeka thavo joIe. e ja vAta A lekha saMsAramAM janma maraNane tAbe thavuM nathI te; ane kaivalya thayuM uparathI paNa siddha thAya che."

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anuvAdanI samajUti tRtIya pariccheda ] cAhyA AvatA hatA; te kathana sAme cetavaNI ApavAnI ke, bhale 25 varSanI umara rAjakArabhAra calAvavAne vadhAre lAyaka gaNAtI haze, paraMtu sagIravayanI maryAdA tA.13 ane 14 varSanI ja te vakhate lekhAtI hatI. jethI te umare laggA paNa thatAM tema ja rAjya kArAbAra soMpIne rAjyAbhiSeka paNa karAtA hatA. A khAravelanA 25 mA varSe je rAjyAbhiSeka thayA che, te samayanA dezAcArane aMge nahAtA ja, paraMtu jema lekhamAM jaNAvAyuM che tema, paMdara varSa sudhI te bALakriDAmAM ane vidyAbhyAsamAM guMthAyala rahyo hatA ane te pachI tenA pitA gAdIpati thatAM, pAte yuvarAja pade niyukta thatAM, te De|ddAnI javAbadArI teNe upADI lIdhI hatI; ane dazavarSa te sthitimAM pasAra thayA bAda, tenA pitAnuM maraNa nipajatAM, peAtAne ekadama yuddhanA medAnamAMthI pAchA pharIne gAdI saMbhALI levI paDI hatI. A uparathI siddha thAya che ke, tene rAjyAbhiSeka je thayeA che tenI sAthe umaranI prayattAnA praznane kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI. tema tenA pitAnuM maraNa paNa kAIka Akasmika saMjogAmAMja nIpajyuM dekhAya che, nahIM te te pote 33 siMhaladvIpa sudhI dUranA pradeza upara37 vijaya meLavavA jeTalI caDAI laI jAta ja nahIM, ke jyAMthI tene peAtAnA pitAnA maraNu samAcAra maLatAM, deza jItavAnuM upADeluM kArya adhUruM mUkIne rAjadhAnI trA ekAeka upaDI AvavuM paDayuM hatuM. (37) A pradeza sudhI te caDAI laI gayA hatA ke nahIM, te trIjI paMktivALI hakIkta vAMcIne sarakhAvavAthI samajI zakAze; atra eTaluM ja jaNAvIzuM ke, jyAre trIjI paMktithI tenA rAjayAbhiSekane lagatI ane te khAdanI ja hakIkata Ave che, tyAre te pUrvenI sa hakIkata, rAnyAbhiSekanI pUrvanI samajavI-matalakhake yuvarAjapade banI gaI hatI ema samajavuMraheche. eTale ke prathamanI be paktimAM varNavAyelI hakIkata dhI yuvarAjanA samaya daramiyAnanI ja che. (38) A kAryaM tene upADavuM paDayuM hatuM. temAM peAtAne (athavA teA yuvarAjapade hatA tyAM sudhI tenA pitAnI preraNAthI upADanuM paDayuM DrAya ) bhUmi prAptine 36 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 281 (A) jeeka khAlyAvasthAthI vardhamAna che ane jee abhivijayamAM vena (rAja) che, trIjA pramANe anuvAda karela che, jyAre mULa zabdo vadhamAna selaco vainAmivinayo satiye A pramANe che; tenI saMskRta chAyA vardhamAna zaizo vainAmivinaya tRtIye karAya che. ane tene arthe bacapaNathI (zaizava) varSamAna che (athavA thayA); ane je abhivijayamAM vena che (athavA thayA); evA besArIne ema jAhera karavA mAMge che ke, vena nAme pRthvI mAtranA je rAjA hatA ane jeNe sArA kAyadAo ghaDayA hatA tenI sAthe peAtAnI sarakhAmaNI rAjA khAravele karI batAvI che. A artha besAravAmAM prathama vAMdhA te e ja Ave che ke, khAravela hajI sudhI pAte rAjA ja banyA nathI, kemake rAjyAbhiSekanI vAta have pachInI39 eTale paMkti trIjImAM teNe karelI che. te pachI A dvitIya paMktimAM varNavelI hakIkata tenA yuvarAja padanA kALanI samajavAnI che. tema khIjo vAMdhe e che ke, jyAre rAjA ja banyA nathI tyAre-ane kadAca banyA hAya te| pazu-hajI prathama varSamAM te pete bhaviSyamAM AvA thaze ema cchiA vyakta kare, paraMtu AvA thaI gayA che tevAM vizeSaNA joDavAnI, ke teNe vijaya meLavI lIdhAnI ane venanI kreATImAM mUkAI tenA jevA parAkramI pAte thayA che ema noMdha karAvavAnI, hiMmata kevI rIte te pradarzita karI zake? chatAM mAne ke teNe A lekha, jyAre peAtAnA rAjyA leAbha kAraNarUpa hatA, ke sAmA dhaNIe aneka prakAranI vetaraNa karI hatI tethI tenA pratikArarUpe javuM thayuM hatuM. (eTale ke tene offensive ne badale defensive bhAga bhajavo paDayA hatA) ke dhakA tarIke prayANa karavuM paDayuM hatuM te prazno vicAravA rahe che. hamaNA tA eTaluM kahI zakAya tema che, ke bhUmitRSNA kAraNarUpa nahIM hoya. (39) rAjapada dhAraNa karyA pahelAne banAva ha|Ine teNe peAtAne zizuvayanA bALaka athavA tA tevA bhAvAnA zabdavAparyA che; pAte rAjapade birAjamAna thaI gayA haiAta tA ' bALaka ' rAkhtanA upapratyaya peAtAnA nAma sAthe joData ke prema, te jarA prazna rahe che, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa bhiSeka pachI lagabhaga dareka varSe kotarAvyo che, tyAre eka te te rAjAne naMbara ja siMhaladvIpanI vaMzApitAnI chata vize tene khAtrI thaI gaI hatI; vaLImAM trIjo gaNAya che eTale tene AzrIne paNa te eTale te pramANe te neMdha levAmAM vyAjabI hato vaparAyo gaNAya; athavA teno rAjyAraMbha ma. saM. 5 = evI dalIla je karavAmAM Ave. te prazna e I. sa. pU. 430 mAM thayo che ane tenA trI. varSa thAya che ke je vena rAjAnI sarakhAmaNI karyAnuM eTale ma. sa. 98 = I. sa. 5 429 mAM A vidvAnoe manAvyuM che te vena rAjA vize A daSTAMta dvitIya paMktimAM varNavela banAva banavA pAme che sivAya anya sthAne kayAMya udAharaNa rUpe tenuM nAma te darzAvavA mATe paNa te AMka vaparAyo hoya ema levAyAnuM jaNAyuM che ke atra mAtra artha besAravA gaNAya; trIjI rIte je tene trIjI paMktimAM AvatA puratuM ja tene AgaLa dharavAmAM AvyuM che? matalaba ke, "puruSag ' zabdanI sAthe joDe che, kaliMgarAjauparanI sarva sthiti mAtra kalpanAmAMthI ja ubhI karAyAnuM vaMzanA trIjA yugamAM thayela, evA arthamAM te vapadekhAya che. jyAre kharI vastu sthiti e che ke te rAye gaNAya. ane tene bhAvArtha liMga patinA je yuvarAja pade hatA tyAre tenA pitA taraphathI teNe dakSiNa traNa vibhAga pADI batAvyA che (juo dazamA khaMDe, hiMdamAM caDAI karI hatI ane kadAca siMhaladvIpa sudhI40 prathama paricchede, pR. 231nI vigata) temAMnA keTalA paNa te pahoMcyo hato. tyAM te samaye abhaya nAmane yugamAM-vibhAgamAM rAjA khAravela thayo hato ema rAjA turatamAM ja gAdIe beThe hato; vaLI te abhaya samajavuM rahe; vaLI thI rIte ema artha thAya ke, rAjA rAjAnA vaMzano Adya purUSa vijaya hatuM tethI ke khAravela pine ja pitAnA vaMzamAM trIje rAjA thayo anya kAraNathI te abhayanuM nAma kadAca abhiviya che (prathamamAM teno dAde kSemarAja, bIje naMbare tene paDayuM lAge che, te anya rAjAnuM rAjya 65 varSanuM pitA vRddhirAja ane trIje naMbare pite); A cAlyuM che ane ati parAkramI thaI gayuM che eTale pramANe tRta zabdane bhAvArtha cAra rIte samajAvI te nAnapaNamAM ja gAdIe beThA hatA ane tenuM rAjya zakAya che. temAM amArA maMtavya pramANe vacalA be divasAnadivasa vardhamAna-vadhatuM jatuM hatuM, vadhAre tejavaMta mArga, bIjo ane trIjo mArga barAbara lAge che, thatuM jatuM hatuM. eTale tenI sarakhAmaNImAM pitAne kemake abhivijaya rAjAnA trIjA varSe rAjA khAramUkavAne ane nAnI vayathI pitAnuM rAjya paNa utta- velane rAjyAbhiSeka paNa thayo che temaja cedi rettara vRddhi thatuM jatuM hatuM te darzAvavAne varSAra rAjAonA trIjA yugamAM ja te, thayo che. vaLI tenI rAnI vinaya datRtIe ema lakhyuM che. sAbitI e che ke, rAjA khAravele pitAne (juo (6) AmAMne tRtoe zabdane artha "traNe ema lekhanI paMkti 17 mAM) " pravRtta cakravALA rAjarSithAya che, paNa tene artha cAra rIte ghaTAvI zakAya vaMza viniHsRta" ane "mahAmedhavAhana cedirAja vaMzatema che. jo tene abhivijaya zabdanI sAthe levAya varSana" (juo lekha paMkita 1) tarIke jaNAvela che. te teno artha paNa be rIte ghaTAvI zakAya tema che; matalaba ke teNe potAno saMbaMdha mahArAjA karakaMDa mahA 40) tyAM sudhI ta gayA che, tenI khAtrI e parathI (41) A siMhaladvIpanA rAjAnI va zAvalA mATe pu. paze ke, teNe potAnI AkhI kArakidI dakSiNa hiMdanI 2. 5. 264 TI. naM. 71 mAM juo. caDAi karavAmAM ja gALI che (je tenA zilAlekhamAMnI (2) ahIM mULamAM be je lakhAyA che tene badale have pachInI paMktinA varNanathI spaSTa thAya che.) eka 3 joIe; eTale kAM to ulamAM bhUla thaI che athavA (vaLI sarakhAvo pR. 279-80 upara, nedha tarIke raju to prAcIna samaye lekhake koI vakhata eka akSarane be vakhata rilA amArA vicAro.) lakhI jatA hatA tenuM A daSTAMta paNa heya. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paDhi ] medhavAhana, jene ApaNe cekviMza sthApaka tarIke oLakhAvyA che, tenI sAthe joDavAne magarUrI batAvelI che. paraMtu te mahAmedhavAhana rAjAthI vaMzanI Adi thayelI gaNAvAya te| vacce temanI gAdI upara anya kuLadIpake AvyA che (kemake jAmAtRnA vaMzamAM gAdI gai che, teo anyakuLa kahevAya; tema khIjI rIte gAdI teA cAluja rahI che tethI gAdIpati tarIke temane cedioneA pita tA gaNavA ja rahe che) ane te bAda pAchA te ja mahAmedhavAhananA kuLadIpakeA AvyA che. A pramANe tenA trIjo yuga thaye| kahevAya. vaLI te yugamAM te thayA che ema spaSTa karavAne teNe viziSTatA sUcaka 'purUSa yuga' zabda vAparyo che. paraMtu jema vidvAne manAvatA AvyA che tema, tenA vaMzanA trIjA purUSa tarIke ja (upara khatAvelo cAramAMnI chellI rIta pramANe ja) pAte hatA evuM batAvavAne ne tene Azaya hAta te purUSaSNune sthAne mAtra puruSa zabda ja vAparata. vaLI tene trIjA purUSayugamAM thayela tarIke jo lekhIe tA. pu. 1. pR. 173 mAM nirdiSTa karA cela nAmAvaLI pramANe teneA AMka chaThTho Avyo gaNAze ane je eka vidvAne43 khAravelanA naMbara Azare chaThTho gaNAvyA che te paNa baMdhakhesatI thatI jaNAze. A pramANe samajAvela nivedanathI sAbita thAya che ke, khAravele peAtAne trIjA rAjA tarIke nahi, paNa trIjA yugamAM-vibhAgamAM-thayelA peAtAne jAhera karela che tathA laMkAdhipati rAjA abhayanA rAjyAbhiSeka pachInA trIjA varSe pAte gAdIpati thayA che ane tenI peTheja divase divase vardhamAna thatAM rAjyane svAmI khanA gayA che ema paNa sAthe sAthe jaNAvI dIdhuM che. anuvAdanI samajAti (3) trIjI paktamAM 'purUSayuga' zabda lakhAyA che tenI samajUti uparamAM apAI gaI che, eTale have vizeSa vivecananI apekSA rahetI nathI. (4) khIjA varSe--sAtAMNi (upara) meTI senA mAkalI che; ane kanhavaeNnA (kRSNa veNA nadI) upara (43) jI dAmA khaDe prathama paricchede pU. 242 nuM vadhyuMna. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 283 mUsika nagarane bahu trAsa ApyA che. (a) sAtaNi upara-AmAM peAtAnuM khIjAM varSa gaNAvyuM che. ane tenA rAjyAbhiSeka ma. saM. 98=i. sa. pU. 429mAM thayeA che te hisAbe A paMktimAM varNavelA khanAvane samaya ma. saM. 100=i. sa. pU. 427mAM thaye gaNavA rahe che; eTale te sAlamAM aMdhapati zAtakaraNI vaMza athavA jene zatavahana vaMza tarIke paNa eLakhAvAya che tenI sthApanA thayAnuM ane jenA Adya rAjA tarIke zrImukhanuM nAma levAya che teneA rAjyAraMbha thayAnuM gaNavuM paDaze. A viSayane sparza saMkSiptamAM pu. 1. pR. 158, tathA 342-44mAM karAyA che, chatAM vistRta adhikAra zatavAhana vaMzanA vRttAMte jaNAvavAmAM44 Avaze. eTale atra eTaluMja jaNAvavAnuM ke A rAjA zrImukha naMdakhIjAnA putra heAi, tenA maraNu khAda (. sa. pU. 428) magadhapati thavAnA hatA, paNa zUdrANInA peTe janmela heAvAthI teneA haka jhUTavAI gayA hatA; tethI magadhamAMthI madhyaprAMtane raste dakSiNamAM utaryA hatA ane varADa jIllA kabaje karI gAdAvarI ane kRSNA nadInA pravAha vaccenA pradezamAMthI dhasamasI AvIne kaliMganI pazcima hada upara bhaya pamADI rahyo hateAH evA IrAdAthI ke khAravela hajI jIvAna che, tathA tAjetaranA ja (jo ke pote paNa turatamAMja chUTA paDIne svataMtra rAjA banyA hateA ) gAdI upara AvyA che paraMtu pAte umare meATA paNa che tathA jota jotAmAM (eka varSathI paNa ochI avadhimAM) meATA rAjya vistAra peAtAnI ANumAM meLavI zakayo che eTale khAravelanA rAjyanA sImAprAMtA upara jo hallA laI javAze teA, teno bhAra nathI ke te khacAva karI zake; AvI AvI gaNatrImAM te AgaLa ne AAgaLa peAtAnA pradezanI pUrva dizAe-athavA liMga prAMtanI pazcima dizA tarapha--vadhyA jatA hatA. tene A pramANe AvatA sAMbhaLIne, rAjA khAravele pote paNa te zrImukha sAtakaraNInI kazI paravA karyA vinA ja kRSNuveNuA nadI (44) A badhA varNana mATe pu. 1 mAM nAnanuM vRttAMta jIe. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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284 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa vALA pradezamAM moTI senA laIne jhaMpalAvyuM ane sAta kAMI. te ukti anusAra zrImukhanI dakSiNa hiMdanA karaNInA sainyane e te pIcho pakaDayo ke tene samrATa thavAnI mahatvAkAMkSA manamAM je hatI te te ekadama pAchA haThavuM paDayuM hatuM; eTale sudhI ke, godAvarI manamAM ne manamAM ja rahI gaI, ulaTuM tene rAjA ane kRSNa nadIno Akheye pradeza khAlI karIne TheTha, khAravelanuM sArvabhaumatvake svIkAravuM paDayuM ane te nadIonAM mULavALo jyAM mulaka che ane jyAM vizeSamAM potAnA vaMzane "aMdhabhUlyAH '47 (je nAsika nagara Avela che tyAM sudhI khasI jaI balake AMdhrapatio anyane sevake-bhratyA; che evA) tarIke tyAM ja Asare levAnI temane pharaja paDI hatI. A oLakhAvavA paDyA che. banAva banyAthI zrImukhane potAnI rAjagAdI paiThaNa (mA) kavenA (kRSNa veNu) nadI; A uparathI ane nAsikanA pradezamAM sthApavI paDI hatI. je khAravela samajAya che ke jema kRSNA nadInuM bIjuM nAma veNuM tene mAthAne maLyo na heta, te kadAca zatakaraNa hovAthI kRSNaveNu tene kahevAya che, tema anya enA rAjyAraMbhanA samayathI ja dakSiNa hiMdanA lagabhaga nadIone paNa veNu nAmathI oLakhAtI hevI sarva prAMto upara, teonuM sArvabhaumatva sthapAI gayuM joIe. (juo pu. 1. pR. 151 tathA tenI TIkAo) heta; paraMtu manuSya dhAre che kAMI ane kudarata kare che veNAne bennA paNa kahevAya che. ane tethI tenA taTa-kAMThA (45) zatavAhana vaMzanI sthApanA ma. saM. 100 mAM cAlI jatuM hatuM. thaI che ane turata ja A hAra khAvI paDI che eTale paTha- (47) sarakhA "zaMgabhayA'nA artha sAthe (pu. 3. NamAM gAdI nI sthApanA karavI paDI che tathA tyAM TharI ThAma pR. 49: pu. 1pR. 154, tathA 390 I. I.) atra eTaluM keTalAya vakhata rahevuM paDayuM che. bAkI rAjyanA AraMbhamAM umeravuM paDaze ke, pratyAne prayoga vaparAzamAM hatA te bIrAravALe bhAga ja prathama kabaje karyo hato. eTale te samaye gaNAyanI paddhati jevuM kAMIka hatuM kharuM. jyAre rAjagAdI te pradezamAM ja karI kahevAya. have samajAze ke zuMgabhatyA; ne prayoga thayo hato tyAre te khAlasA rAjyabIrAra prAtamAM temanI rAjagAdI tarIke sthApanA ke thaI khaMDiyA rAjyanI paddhati paNa amalamAM mUkAI gaI hatI. hatI paNa te sthAna che eka mAsa ja rahevA pAmyuM che ane eTale zuMgabhatyA; zabda che te zuMgavaMzanI kharekhara sthApanA pachI te paiThaNane pasaMda karavuM paDayuM che. thaI hatI te pUrvenI temanI sthiti batAvanAra zabda ja che, | (varADa prAMtane kabajo meLavIne tyAM mahArathI nAmanA nahIM ke teo gAdIpati banyA hatA chatAM tyAH kahevAtA je saradAre, naMdavaMzI rAjAonI hakumatamAM sUbA pade hatA hatA (jema aMdhabhatyAMH nI bAbatamAM banyuM che tema) tene teja mahArathIne pote hakamata upara pAchA sthApyA hatA. te batAvavA mATe vaparAya che. matalaba ke banne zabdane tathA vizeSamAM teo tenA tAbe AvyA che tenI nizAnImAM, artha eka che paNa sthiti judI batAvanAra che. paraMtu vidvAnoe temAMnA ekanI putrI vere potAnA be putrane paraNAvyuM je bhAvArthamAM lAdhe che te tene artha thatA ja nathI, hatA. A mahArathI teja pelA nAsika ane nAnA pATavALA eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. zilAlekhamAM varNavAyelI rANuM nAganikAno pitA samaja.) eka vidvAnanA aMdhabhUlyA vizenA vicAre kevA che te (46) rAjA khAravele pramukhane hAra khavarAvyA chatAM mATe juo pu. 3, pR. 355 TI. naM. 13. teno mulaka pitAnA sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI lIdho nathI; temaja (48) ahIM jema nadInI oLakha mATe amuka vizeSaNa padabhraSTa karIne tene rAjapadanA bhogavaTAthI vaMcita karyA paNa joDAyuM che tema keTaleka ThekANe nagaranI oLakha mATe paNa nathI. A hakIkata siddha kare che ke tenuM mAnasa bhUmibha vizeSaNa joDavAmAM Ave che. jemake vardhamAnapura-ANaMdapura. tarapha DhaLyuM nahotuM. balake ema kaho ke kALadevanI asara (juo buddhiprakAra. 1934 pR. 58 tathA 318AgaLa (jIe pu. 1, 5, 7 thI AgaLa; ja, jamIna ane jerU (jaina dharma prakAza, mAsika bhAvanagara 1985 vaizAkha vALa carcA) hajI te samaye thavA pAmI nahAtI (A aMka 2. pR. 58 thI 33; teja patra zrAvaNa aMka pR.16 uparathI paNa rAjA khAravelanA samayane khyAla AvI rAkaze.) thI 174) (muMbainuM sAptAhika gujarAtI 1937 jAnyu. ane tethI ja kaI kaI ThekANe "gaNapaddhati' jevuM zAsana nA ekAda AMkamAM carcA )

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vatIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUtI 285 upara je zahera vasI rahyuM hatuM te bennAtaTa nagara temanA sikkAo paNa kRSNa nadInA mULa lekhAtA kahevAtuM hatuM. (AnuM kAMIka vRttAMta 5. 1 pR. 150 mAM A pradezamAMthI ghaNAja jathAmAM maLI Ave che dhanakaTaka zIrSaka taLe ApyuM che. vaLI AgaLa upara eTale te kalpanA vizeSa mAnanIya dekhAya che. chatAM A parichedamAM mahAvijayanA pArigrApha ApavAnuM che. lipi vizArade lekhanI A paMkitano ukela karIne je te juo) vicAra jaNAve te upara vadhAre AdhAra baMdhAze. hAla () musika (mUSika) nagara sudhI sAtaNine haThADI te ApaNe tene nAsika nagaraja49 mAnI laIzuM. dIdhAnI hakIkata che. prathama to A nagarane sthAna (5) pAMcamI eLanA ukela vize kAMI kahevAvize evI kalpanA amArI hatI, ke musi nadI upara paNuM nathI. je zahera vasyuM hoya (sarakhA uparamAM benA nadI (6) chaThThI paMkitanA ukelamAM ghaNAM sUcano sUcavavAM uparathI benAtaTanagara nAmanI sthApanA vizenI paDe tema che. te A pramANe che - hakIkata, te musika nagara kahevAyuM haze. tema kRSNa (ma) rASTrika, bhojakone pitAnA paga upara nadInI eka zAkhAnadInuM nAma paNa musi kahevAya namAvyA. AmAM rASTrika kone kahevAya ane te kayA che eTale, teTale darajaje vAta maLI rahI gaNAya. jethI pradezamAM vasatA hatA te jaNAvIe. samrATa priyate musi nadI upara gelaDA nAmanuM je zahera Avela darzinanA khaDaka lekhamAM A zabdo Ave che che tene zrImukha zAtakaraNanA rAjanagara tarIke mAnI ane vidvAnoe temanAM sthAna tarIke madhya prAMtavALA lIdhuM. paraMtu AMdhra dezanI rAjadhAnInAM zahera tarIke, bhAgamAM, tApI ane narmadA nadI vacceno tathA paiThaNa, varaMguLa, cAMdA, cinura I. anekanAM nAma teno taTanI AsapAsano je pradeza Avela che tene vidvAnoe mAnyAM che paNa koIe golakoMDAnuM nAma gaNAvyo che. paraMtu have ApaNe samajI gayA chIe ke jaNAvyuM nathI, eTale te kalapanA tyajI devA paDI. A nAmo to mAtra hodAne lagatAM che. jemake pachI varaMcaLa zahera upara najara paDI ke te muni' rathanI amuka saMkhyAno je uparI te rathika ane tevA nAmanI nadI upara AveluM jaNAyuM; jethI tenuM nAma ghaNuM rathike jenA hAtha taLe rahetA hoya te mahAkadAca "munika heya; chatAM lekhanA ukelamAM tene thika kahevAya. AvA mahArathikanAM daSTAMta mATe juo maSika vaMcAI gayuM hoya te tema banavA yogya che pu. 2. pR. 213 TI. na. 38; ane A rathika, evI kalpanA thaI. paraMtu tema karatAM bIjI muzkelI mahArathikanuM parivartana thaIne rASTrika ane mahArASTrika ubhI thaI ke je varaMguLamAM zrImukhanI rAjagAdI zabda thayA che. tevI ja rIte bhukti eTale jene karAvAya. te pachI paiThaNamAM jyAre parivartana thayuM gaNAya hAlamAM jIllo kahevAya che te eka bhUmipradeza; tevA tene patto na lAge. chevaTa ema anumAna upara pradezano bhoktA eTale vahIvaTa karanAra te bhejaka; javuM paDayuM ke "nAsika ane "paiThaNu pAse pAse Avela A uparathI ema paNa samajAya che ke, rASTrika che eTale "mRSika' ne badale "nAsika" nagaraja kahevAne (rathika) ane mahArASTrika (mahArathika) te sainyane kharA. lekha kotarAvanArane have jAIe. A be lagatA haidAo che; jyAre bhAjaka te mulakI hellAo kalpanAmAM nAsikanI kalpanA baLavattara kahevAya che; che. tevI ja rIte asmaka-azvaka eTale azvane kemake AMdha bhUpationA ekanI rANI nAganikAne amaladAra samajavo. A pramANe je A A badhAM temaja anya AMdhrapatiomAMnA zilAlekho nAsika nAma hoddedAronAMja kare, to pachI temanA nivAsagAmethI tathA AsapAsamAMthI jaDI AvyA che, tema sthAna mATe amuka pradeza ja nirmita karI zakAya nahIM, (49) AgaLa upara rAja khAravelanA vistAra vALA pArigrAphanI vigata juo

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186 hajI ema TharAvI zakAya ke, je sthAna upara ghaNA sainika amaladAre AvI rahyA heAya evAM athavA te jyAM devI sainika chAvaNIe hAya tevAM sthAna--tevA puruSAnAM sthAna-tarIke temane eALakhAvI zakAya. matalakha ke, rAnna khAravele je rASTrikAne ane bhAjAne peAtAnA page namAvyA che te kAI amuka pradezanI prajA nathI paNa trIjA ceAthA varSe je pradeza upara teNe humale karyA hatA, tyAM A prakAranA saradAre je rahetA hatA temane harAvyA hatA. ApaNane jaNAvAyuM che ke bIgna varSe teNe zatakaraNa nuM jora te!DI nAMkhyuM hatuM. eTale A trIjA ceAthA varSe je rASTrikA ane bhAjakane teNe namAvyAnuM lakhyuM che, te A aMpationA te te prakAranA chUTA chavAyA hoddedAro samajavA rahe che. aMdhapationA keTalAka mahAradhikA madhyaprAMtamAM paNa hatA; ke jemAMnA ekanI putrI nAganikAne zrImukhe potAnA putra gautamIputra yajJazrI vere paraNAvI lIdhI hatI. tema cuTThakAnaMda, mulAnaMda jevA bIjA mahArathiA kAnarA jIllAmAM vasI rahyA hatA. kahevAnI matala" e che ke, rASTrikA ane bheAjakA, kAMi ekaja sthAne niyata apane paDI rahela prajA gaNI na zakAya; tema tene judAM judAM sthAnane vahIvaTa karavAne sAMpI dIdhA hAya, eTale amuka darajje te svataMtra ane amuka daraje mukhya gAdIpati-evA aMdhrapatine tAkhedAra paNa haze ema samAya che. vaLI temAMthI jee ekaja Race--jAtimAMthI utarI Avela hAya, te sarve rAjakuTuMba ane bhASAtA jevA gaNAtA hevAthI, arasaparasapa. lagnagraMthIthI paNa joDAtA dekhAya che. rASphika ane bhAjaka nAmanA A be zabdonA bhAvArtha vizenI je samajUtI amArA khyAlamAM AvI che te A pramANe samajI levI. (kSA) pAMcamA varSamAM naMdarAjAnA ekasA trIjA hAthIguMphAnA lekhanA (50) marAThA (mahArASTrIya) pezvAnA jema aneka saradAra hatA ane pachI temanA adhikAra nIce soMpAyala pradezanA te svAmI thaI zakayA che; tema prAcIna kALe palavAjha, kada khAruM, peAlA,pAMDayAsa vigerenu' paNa samajI levuM. ane khAkhaSAe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa varSa (saMvata)mAM khAdAyalI naherane; A pramANe anuvAda karAyala che. mULa zabdo paMcame 4 rAnI vase nAga ti-vala-sata-boghATita che, jayAre tenI saMskRta chAyA paJcame cedAnIM varSe nandarAjasya tri-zata- varSe avaghaTTitAM AvA zabdomAM thatI hAvAnuM jaNAvyuM che. ane te pramANeja lekhanA kAtaranAranA hetu haiAya, te bhAvArtha barAbara ja gaNAya. te pramANe che ke kema te ApaNe tapAsIe. AkhA vAyanA bhAga paDe che; paMcame ca dAnI vase ane naMdarAtivasa eTata; pahelA bhAgane artha spaSTa che tema zabda racanA pazu spaSTa che eTale tene barAbara tarIke svIkArI levI rahe che. je kAMi bhUla thAya athavA khavAya tevuM che, te A khIjA bhAgamAMja che. te AkhAye bhAgane samAsarUpe eka zabda banAvI mUkayA che. temAMja kAtarAvanAre khAsa khUbI vAparI jaNAya che. sAmAnya svarUpe jo te samAsane ukela karavAmAM Ave teA tenA artha e rIte karI zakAze; (eka) naMdarAjasya trizatavarSe-naMdarAjAnA ekasA trIjA varSe (jema saMskRta chAyAmAM jaNAvyuM che tema) ane (bIjo) naMdarANu trizata varSe; 'naMdarAnanA ekaseA trIjA varSe' vALA bhAvArca jo svIkArIe, te pAcho tenA artha paNa be rIte thaze. ekamAM, naMdarAjAnA potAnA rAjye ekase trIjAvarSe ane bIjAmAM naMdarAjAneA je saMvata cAlatA hatA tenA ekasA trIjA varSe; AmAM naMdarAjAnuM potAnuM rAjya ekasA traNa varSa sudhI cAlyuM hAya, te mAnyatA buddhigamya na hovAthI tene paDatI mUkavI joIe; paNu naMdarAjAnA saMvatanuM ekseA trIjuM varSa te hajI samIcIna che. paraMtu ApaNe pR. 268-70mAM te AMkaDAnI aneka prakAranI zakayatAo laIne puravAra karI ApyuM che ke 103nA AMkane, nathI naMda saMvatanI sAthe je kuLamAMthI utarI AvyA hoya tenA peTA vibhAgamAMthI kanyAnI levaDa devaDa karatA kahe che tema A AMdhrapatienu' paNa samajI levuM. tethI ja zrImukha tathA aApatine mahArathI vigeremAMthI kanyA letA ApaNe nIhALI rahyA chIe. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya parida ] anuvAdanI samajUti sabaMdha ke nathI mauye saMvatanI sAthe saMbaMdha; eTale te vidvAnoe sUcavyA pramANe ane saMskRta chAyAmAM vAtane paNa asvIkAraja kare paDaze. chatAM te pramANe batAvyA pramANe "naMdarAjaya trizata varSe" e thato artha vizeSapaNe buddhimAM utarI jato dekhAya che, artha besAravAthI koI rIte paNa sthiti barAbara eTale uMDANamAM utarI tenA ane barAbara ukela ghaTAvI zakAtI nathI ja lAvavo jarUrI dekhAya che. dalIlanI khAtara mAne ke have "naMdarAjeNa trizata varSanA arthavALa samAsa teja artha thAya che te tenI matalaba e thAze ke ghaTIta che ke kema teno vicAra karIe. tene svIkAra (1) kAI naMda nAmano rAjA pUrve thaI gayA hatA je karIe to e kavitAtha dhaze ke, naherano banAvanAra tenA nAme saMvatsara cAlu karI hatI, ane te rAjA naMda che paNa teno samaya je 103ne batAvAyo saMvatanA 103jA varSe, koI bIjA niMdarAjAe A che te AMkavALA saMvatano pravartaka anyajana hatA nahera khodAvI hatI (2) athavA to pharIvAra naMdanuM tathA te nara khAravartanA samaye astitvamAM hatI; nAma vacce na ja lAvavuM hoya, to pahelA nade prave. mAtra teNe je kArya karyuM che te eTaluM ja ke tene laMbA velA saMvatanA 103jA varSe, rAjA khAravele nahera vIne kaligamAM laI gayA che. eTale ke saMvatano pravartaka khodAvI hatI-A pramANe pAchA be bhAvArtha thaI zake. prathama thayela che. te pachI 103 varSe naMdarAjA jo pahele bhAvArtha jo te te nahera sAthe be thayo che, ane te bAda rAjA khAravela thayo che, A naMdarAjAne saMbaMdha hato ema thayuM; ane teno artha e pramANe sthiti thaI. tema ItihAranI dRSTie thayo ke pahelA naMde saMvata pravartAvyo hate ane bIjA vicAratAM, A maMtavya svIkArI levAmAM kayAMya virodha naMde nahera khodAvI hatI; tathA te be naMda vacce kAmamAM Avate paNa jaNAto nathI. chatAM rAjA khAravelanuM kama 103 varSanuM aMtara hatuM. tema je na heta te mAnasa te pramANe kahetuM hoya ema jaNAtuM nathI; pahelA naMdanA saMvatsaranA te AMkanI hada, bIjA naMdanA kemake teja pramANe Alekhana karavAne jo tene Azaya samaye pahoMcI zakataja nahIM. have te pramANe vastu hota, to sUtara mArga e hatA, ke teNe samAsa vApasthitine mAnya rAkhIe te aDacaNa e Ave che ravAne badale, naMdarANa ane tivasasata odhArita; ke, ItihAsamAM naMdarAjAe nava thayA che ane temane ema bane pado jUdAM pADyAM heta; athavA samAja kALa, eTale ke AkhAye naMdavaMzana samaya mAtra so vAparyo hota te naMdarAja tivasasAta-AdhAritane varSane ja gaNAya che, to pachI naMdasaMvatanA 103 nA badale tivasasatanaMdarAjadhATita vALuM pada mUkata; jethI varSe bIje naMda thayAnI mAnyatA, "bArahAthanuM cIbhaDuM artha paNa spaSTa samajAta ane samAsa paNa vaparAyo ane tera hAthanuM bI' vALI kahevata jevI dekhAze. mata- gaNAta. chatAM tema nathI karyuM eTale samajAya che ke, laba ke be naMdane nahera sAthe saMbaMdha hovAnI tene kahevAno Azaya jUdo ja che ane te darzAvavA dhAraNuM paNa paDatI mUkavI paDaze. pachI bIjI vicAraNAnI mATe tene amuka khUbInuM pradarzana karavuM paDayuM che. te zakyatA vicArI rahI; temAM naMdasaMvatanA 103jA varSe zuM haze te ja ApaNe zodhI kADhavuM rahe che. rAjA khAravele pote ja te nahera khodAvI hatI e uparamAM aneka zakayatAnI vicAraNAnuM vivecana hakIkata che. te vAta paNa mAnya thatI nathI; kemake, karatAM sAbita thayuM che ke, naMdarAjasya athavA naMdarAjeNa rAjA khAravele lekhamAM spaSTa rIte nirdeza karyo che vALo artha ghaTAvI zakatA nathI japaraMtu eka ke, teNe te nahera khodAvI nathI paNa, je nahera atihAsika ghaTanAno svIkAra karyo che jemAM nIcenA astitvamAM hatI tene mAtra laMbAvIja che. matalaba traNa muddAne samAveza thaI jAya che, ke te saMvatane ke te kalpanA paNa baMdhabesatI thatI nathI. A sarva pravartaka prathama thayo che, pachI naMdarAjA thayo che ne dalIla ane kalpanAnI carcAne sAra e thayo ke sauthI chevaTa khAravela thayo che. eTale ApaNuM kartavya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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288 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA | [ dazama khaMDa have eTaluMja thaI paDe che ke, evI kaIka paristhitinI implied of the Mahavira Era is kalpanA raju karavI joIe, ke jemAM uparanA aiti- actually found in the inscription=ema hAsika traNe mudA sAbita thaI jatA paNa darzAvI zakAya svIkAravAmAM Ave che ke te varSonI gaNatrI mahAvIra temaja tenI sAthe samaya je 103 varSane noMdhAyo che. saMvata pramANe karI che, paraMtu durbhAgyanI vAta che ke te khAravelanA jaNAvyA pramANe tenA rAjyAbhiSeka pachInuM lekhamAM kharI rIte mahAvIra saMvatanA nAmano spaSTapaNe pAMcamuM varSa hovAne meLa paNa maLI jatA dekhAya. ke adhyAhArarUpe paNa nirdeza karAyo nathI. eTale jayAre A pramANe badhI vAnIo taiyAra karIne raju chevaTa sAra e thayo ke te 103ne AMka mahAvIra karAI che, tyAre ApaNe te have mAtra gaNitanA saMvatano che ane teja sAla khAravelanA rAje pAMcamA saravALA-bAdabAkInA niyame ja kAma karavuM rahe che; ke varSanI che; eTale ke pitAnuM pAMcamuM varSa, teja mahAvIra 103mAMthI pAMca bAda karatAM je 98 rahe che te sAlamAM saMvata 103nI sAla hatI ema thayuM, tathA je nahera khAravelano rAjyAbhiSeka thayAnuM gaNI levuM tema te pote kaliMgamAM laMbAvI che te prathama magadha dezamAM 98ne AMka kayA saMvatsara hoI zake te zodhI kADhavuM naMda rAjAe baMdhAvI-khodAvI hatI; mATe tenuM nAma paNa have sahela thaI jAya che. kemake eka bAju te paNa aMdara AvI jAya che. chatAM ardha besAravAmAM koI saMvatanI Adi, naMda pahelAnA samayanI pUrve thaI gayAnI prakAre gerasamajUtI rahI na jAya, mATe lekhamAM hakIkta che. bIjI bAju naMdane samaya ma. . 55 thI kAtarAvyA pramANe, te zabdane samAsarUpe goThavI kADhyA 71 sudhIne sAbita thaI gayela che. trIjI bAju che. Ama karavAthI samayano nirdeza paNa karAyo tathA niMda vaMza ane rAjA khAravelanA vaMza vacce keTalAka vAkya racanA karavAnI khUbInuM pradarzana paNa karAyuM. samaya pUrvathI eka jana pratimAne mATe khacAkhaca thaI A pramANe artha barAbara besata thaI gayo che. rahyAnuM jANItuM che. cothI bAju baMne vaMzo je ane te sucIkara che ema sAbita thAya che. chatAM matAnuyAyI puravAra thaI cUkyA che. pAMcamI bAju eka anya graMthakAre bIjA prakAranI sUcanA karI che jainadharmanA pravartaka tarIke mahAvIrane gaNAya che ane te paNa vicAravA yogya tathA sughaTita che tenI carcA temano saMvata I. sa. pU. para7 thI gatimAM mUkAyo che. nIcenI kalama (6)mAM karavAmAM AvI che. Ama sarva prakAranI sAmagrI taiyAra paDI che. pachI () khodAyelI naherane tanasUliyA vATe rAjadhAnInI te gaNitanI gaNatrIja karavI rahe che. kAve te prathama aMdara laI AvyA-Ane artha ema thAya che ke, je I. sa. pU. 527 laI temAMthI 98 bAda karI lyo nahera naMda rAjAe potAnA deza magadhamAM amuka samaye ke prathama khAravelanA rAjyohaNano samaya i. sa. pU. bodAvI hatI tene jarUra paDatAM, laMbAvIne tanasUliya 429 ne TharAvyo che temAM 98ne umero karIne parahanI vATe rAjA khAravela potAnI rAjadhAnI sudhI laI sAla ubhI kare, te paNa eja sAra nIkaLaze ke gayA hatA. A vAkyathI aneka mAhitI upalabdha te AMka mahAvIra saMvatane ja che. ApaNuM maMtavyane thAya che. (1) naMda rAjAe nahera khodAvI hatI DaoN. kenAu Take ApatAM jaNAve che ke, 52 (it) is (2) kayAre ane (3) zA mATe ? te jaNAvAyuM nathI. postulated that the years are reckon paraMtu rAjA khAravele (4) tanasUliya nAmanA pradeza ed in the Mahavira Era, but unfor- vATe (5) jenuM nAma jaNAvAyuM nathI evI peAtAnI tunately no mention expressed or rAjanagarI sudhI te naherane laMbAvI lIdhI hatI, (51) prathama goTalI ke prathama Abe, e jema kahevuM mukela thaI paDe che tema A kissAmAM banyAnuM paNa mAnI le te khoTuM nathI. paraMtu chevaTe badhI sthiti svIkAravI rahe che. (52) jue ekaTa erIenTelIyA 5. 24-26

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vatIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajAti 289 (pahelo) prazna spaSTa che (bIjo) jyAre ane trIjo) lakhavA pramANe ti-vara-satane artha "tIsare varSa zA mATe; tema karyuM hatuM te tapAsIe. kayAre?--je ke satra'=trIjA varSanA eka bhAgamAM, ema thaI sAlamAM nahera khodAvI tenA ullekha mATe je 103ne zake che eTale temane kahevAne bhAvArtha e che ke, AMka bharyo hato te A prazna ubho naja thAta? rAjAnaMde pitAnA rAjyanA trIjA varSane aMta Avyo atra te te AMka nahera laMbAvyAnI tArIkhane puravAra te pahelAM (ma. sa. 56+3=19=I. sa. pU. 468) teNe thayo che, eTale khodavAnI tArIkha te zodhI kADhavIja A nahera khodAvI hatI. nahera davAnuM kArya sAmAnya rahI. paraMtu aitihAsika paristhiti vicArIne naMda rIte khetarone pANI pUruM karavA mATe hAtha dharAya che, rAjAnuM vRttAMta lakhatAM ema jaNAvI gayA chIe ke eTale tenI racanA-sarjananuM kArya, game te samaye pAra tenA rAjya kudaratanI vicitratAne be prakAre dekhAva utArI zakAya tevuM kahI zakAyaparaMtu A lekhamAM thayo hato. eka varSanI ativRSTirUpe ane bIjo je sthitinA nirdezamAM te kArya karyAnuM jaNAvAyuM che te varSAnA abhAvarUpe (juo pu. 1. pR. 330) temAM jotAM, tene duSkALa-vRSTinA abhAvanA-prasaMga sAthe ativRSTino samaya ma. sa. 59 I. sa. pU. 468 saMbaMdha hovAnuM 54 jaNAya che. tema ApaNe jANI (eTale naMdivardhana rAje cothA varSe) ane anAvRSTine cUkyA chIe ke naMdivardhananA rAye ativRSTi ane samaya ma. sa. 64 thI 72 I. sa. pU. 463thI 55 anAvRSTi bane thavA pAmI hatI. eTale kadAca daramiyAna; athavA aMdAja ma. saM. 65=I. sa. pU. samajI zakAya ke, anAvRSTine prasaMga che. sa. pU. 42 (jAe pu. 1 pR. 401nI samayAvaLI) TharAvyo 468.9mAM banyo hoya; je uparathI rAjA neda prajA che. uparanA samayanI dha, ApaNe anya paristhitine kalyANArthe te nahera khedAvI heya. ApaNe paNa te aMge, svayapuraNAthI upajAvI kADhI hatI. paraMtu eka sAla aMdAja tarIke varNavI te che; paraMtu ApaNA lekhake jaNAvela vicAra uparathI te bAbatanI varNanamAM ane atrenA lekhadarzanamAM jaNAvelI paristhivicAraNuM karavAnuM mana thAya che. te kathana ApaNe uparanI ti vacce eka taphAvata e che ke, ApaNe ativRSTine kalama (A)mAM jaNAvela 103nA AMka saMbaMdhe jAhera samaya ma. saM. 59 jaNavyo che. jyAre lekhAMkana te karyuM hatuM, paraMtu A naheranA samayane te vizeSapaNe pramANe anAvRSTino samaya te che. [pheMdha A pramANe lAgu paDatuM hovAthI tenI carcA karavAnuM, tyAM na karatAM vivaraNale ne artha svIkArAya,55 to anAvRSTine atra karavA upara mulatavI rAkhyuM hatuM. temanA rasamaya nakkI thaI gayo kahevAya; bAkI ApaNe aMdAja (53) jue bhAra. prA. rAjavaMza pu. 2. pR. 241. rAjaktaone potAnI pharajanuM bhAna hatuM ke, jyAre dukALa hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM varNana karatAM, chaThThI paMktimAM je 103 paDe tyAre lokanA duHkha pheDavA mATe AvAM AvAM kArya hAtha no AMka bIja vidhAe vAMcyuM che te saMbaMdhamAM vivecana temaNe dharavAM joI e ja: tema naheranAM kAryane-IjanerI kaLAnA karatAM jaNAve che). temanA zabdo A pramANe che. kaccha aMga vizeSa tarIke-phatehapUrNa banAvavAnI AvaData ane vitAna imaeNke, rivara sarva ke artha tIna varSa karake, jJAna paNa hatuM. (je keTalAke ema mAne che ke te vakhate maramatake samaya taka usa naraka bane 300 varSa ho cUke AvuM IjanerI jJAna ja nahatuM tathA rAjAone AvA kAmanI 2, masA anumAna karate hai, aura kucha rivara sarva se paDI paNa nahatI, teonI khAtrI thaze ke temanA AkSepa trivarSa sata (tIsare varSa ke satra)kA tAtparya nikAlate hai khoTA ane bhrAMtijanaka che.) eTale ke tirasataMnA be artha karAya che (1) traNa varSa (55) A artha svIkArAya te paNa khAravelanA jIvanane (2) ane trIjA varSanA amuka bhAgamAM; AmAM pahelo artha ane kAMI pheraphAra nathI thavAne; kemake temAM te pitAnA asaMbhavita dekhAya che. rAjyAbhiSeka bAda amuka varSe A banAva banyo hovAnuM (54) A uparathI siddha thayuM ke, pUrvanA samaye paNa teNe kahyuM che: mAtra phera je paDe che te naMdivardhana Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dAma khaMDa hakIkatanA AdhAre te samaya goThavyo hate, jyAre A samAcAra maLavAthI, te pramANenA kAryakrama paDato mUkI, zilAlekhanA purAvAnA AdhAre hovAthI te have pramANa tene madhyaprAMtane raste jaladI madhamAM pahoMcI javuM bhUta kare che. eTale magadhanI anAvRSTi I. sa. pU. paDayuM; I. sa. pU. 447-8 Azare. ane te bAda 468-9mAM thayAnuM nedhavuM rahe che. tema naMdivardhananA varSa deDha varSamAM te maraNa pAmyo eTale kaliMga jIvanavRttAMtamAM paNa tadanusarIne pheraphAra kara paDaze. jItavAnuM emane ema bakAta rahI gayuM. matalaba ke te A pramANe ke I. sa. pU. 47ra mAM te gAdIe kaliMga upara teNe eka vakhataja caDhAI karI hatI.] Avyo che, ekAda be varSa pitAnI sthiti majabUta A pramANe (6) kalamanI vicAraNAmAMnA pAMca karavAmAM gALyAM che, pachI jInamUrti meLavavA kaliMga muddAmAMnA, kayAre ane zA mATe vALA bIjA trIjA muddA upara caDhAI laI gayuM che, te kAma aradhuM paThuM paNa carcAI gayA gaNAyA. chatAM trIjo muddo je paryuM. tyAM duSkALanA samAcAra maLavAthI pite magadha "zAmAne che. te aMge jarA vivecananI jarUra lAge tA ja rahyo ane nahera khedAvA. tevAmAM 467 mAM che. paraMtu e hakIkata siddhI rIte sparzatI na vatsa ane avaMtipati aSatriye maraNa pAmyA hovAthI TIppaNa (juo nIcenuM TI. naM. 56)mAM jaNA eTale tene te bAju dhyAna devuM paDayuM pachI, uttara vIzuM. bAkI atra eTalIja nedha karavAnI ke te nahera hiMdanA ane pazcima hiMdanA-aparAMta tathA keneDA prathama naMdarAjAe magadhamAM ma. sa. 59 mAM karAvI vALA pradeza anukrame jItI laIne pitAnA deza hatI. ane ma. sa. 103 mAM tene khAravele kaliMga sudhI tarapha vaLavAne samaya Avyo; tyAre tene irAde laMbAvI hatI. eTale 40-45 varSanA gALAmAM ja kaliMgane prathama mahAta karI tene viMdhIne magadhamAM te bane pradezomAM duSkALa paDayA hatA ema siha javAno hato, paraMtu teTalAmAM ativRSTi thavAnA thayuM kahevAze. nA rAjyanA banAva aMge paDe che. vaLI 103no AMka je kAtio be prakAranI hoI zake che devakRta ane manuSamahAvIra saMvatane ApaNe manAve che te Aka pote ja te Aja pata ja kRta. manuSyakRta kAtiomAM rAjArI, dhArmika, sAmAjA, jayAre hI naya che tyAre te kayA saMvatano hato ke che, te Adi. aneka nAmathI bAdhita karI zakAya tevI kAMtie te prazna ava vicAravAnuM Apo Apa ja baMdha thaI jAya che. ItihAsanA pAne vartamAnakALe nedhAtI ja jAya che eTale vizeSa saMzAdhanathI je puravAra thAya te kharuM. tenI samaja vAcaka vargane ApavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. (56) te samaye dukALa hato eTaluM siddha thayuM. pachI paNa devAna kAtionAM dhaDatara ane niyamana, manuSya buddhithI te dukALa sthAnIka hadamAM ja saMkucita thaI rahyo hato ke agamya hoIne, temAM caMcupAta bahu thaI zakato nathI. paraMtu vizeSa vistAramAM prasarI vyApaka banyo hato, te prazna nirALo tevI kAtio jyAre AvirbhAva pAme che tyAre ApaNe che. paraMtu ahI eka naisargika tatva tarapha vAcaka varganuM tene camatkAra rUpe nihALIe chIe ane teSa pAmI dhyAna kheMcavA jarUra dekhAya che. besI rahIe chIe ke "e te kudarata che, tenA mArga - Adhunika prajAnA manamAM ema vaseluM dekhAya che ke, akaLa che.' kudarata te hamezA udAsInapaNeja kALa vahana karyuM jAya che. AvI krAMtinA traNa prakAra mukhya che (1) jaLapralaya tenAmAM cetavA jevuM kAI hoi zake ja nahIM. tethI zAstra(2) agniprakopa (3) ane dukALa saMkaTa, A traNe prakAranA kAe, narabiMka zaktinAM ane prabhAvanAM je vivaraNe udAharaNa sarva vAcaka vargane suvidita ja che. atyAra che. mukhya che te kevaLa mane bakabakATa ke kalamane ApaNe chelA prakAranI kAti sAthe saMbaMdha heIne tene apratibaMdha pravAha ja mAtra che paNa have joI zakAze ke, lagatuM ja vivecana karavAnuM che. te sarva sthiti itihAsIka purAvAthI sAbita karI zakAya dukALa be vItyA paDe che. sUke ane bhIno bhIne tema che. kudaratanI zakitao te anerI ja che. tenI kalpanA dukALamAM ativRSTi thavAthI, badhuM vAveluM kahI jAya che. karatAM karatAM paNa, manuSya prANInI zakita kaMDita thaI jAya ane sarvatra jaLamaya thaI jatAM, bInuM navuM vAvI zakAtuM tema che, nathI. pariNAme pAsanI ane anAjanI taMgI paDe che, paNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI rAmajAti 2aa have cotho tathA pAMcamo muddo vicArIe. rAjA mAnI zakAya che ke, te game te bhAgamAM haze te paNa gaMgA khAravela (ka) tatasalIya vATe te naherane potAnI (5) nadImAMthI ja te naheramAM pANI vALavAmAM AvyuM hovuM rAjadhAnInI aMdara laI gayo. AmAM hakIkata ema che ke, joie ane jyAM magadha rAjyanI hada aTakI jatI haze naMdarAjAnA samaye magadhamAM dukALa hatA; kayA bhAgamAM tyAMsudhIja te nahera khodAI hovI joIe. te nahera have hate te ullekha kayAMya jaNAye nathI; paraMtu ema jarUra jyAre rAjA khAravele laMbAvIne, eTale jyAM AgaLa pIvAnA pANInI chUTa rahe che jyAre saka kALamAM varSano bAda, sADA traNa varSe eTale I. sa. 5. para3 pachI, samaya abhAva hoIne mULathI ja pAsa ane anAja pAkatuM na badalAto cAlyo hata; uparA uparI duSkALa paNa paDavA lAgyA hovAthI te bannenI taMgI te paDe che ja. ane sAthe sAthe hatA. prathamanA se varSamAM keTalAye paDayA haze tenI naidha pANInI kheMca paNa paDe che, jyAre pANI vinA te, na atyAre zodhI jaDatI nathI. paraMtu hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI pazu-paMkhI jIvI zake ke na manuSya jIvI zake ke na spaSTa thAya che ke, te samayamAM che te noMdha upara caDI cUkayA vanaspati ucharI zake pariNAme sarva prakArano saMhAra vaLI hatA ja. te bAda caMdragupta samrATanA samaye paNa be vAra paDayA jAya che. eTale bhInA karatAM sUke dukALa vadhAre tIvra ane hatA. prathamano kALa kAtila pariNAmI hovAthI tene karaNa tathA ghara pariNAma nIpajAvanAra nIvaDe che. bAra varSa kahevAya che. (A mATe juo samrATa caMdraguptanuM jyAre sUke duSkALa paDe che tyAre pANIne abhAva varNana. tyAM pR. 179 upara aMjanaguTikAvaDe adazyapaNe thatAM vanaspati kamAIne marI jAya che. jethI khetare ujjaDa besIne pramANee bhojana karyAno je prasaMga varNave che virAna jevAM thaI jAya che, jhADIo hoya che tenAM jhADa pAna te A samayane jANu) paNa samajAya che ke teTale lAMbA marI javAthI nara hAM-rUkha ubhAM hoya tevuM vana dekhAvA samaye te cA nahIM hoya; jyAre bIje to tenAthI lAge che. vaLI je jaMgalamAM prathama sUryanuM kiraNa sarakhuM paNa vizeSa bhayaMkara ane dIrdha samayI nIvaDayA hatA ane paNa praveza thaI zakatuM nahotuM tyAM vinA aDacaNe te bAra vaSI hato ja. A samaye zrImahAvIranI gAdIe paNa DADa karI zake che. jyAM eka varSane dukALa (ma. sa. 170 = I. sa. pU. 357) sthaLIbhadrajI nAmanA hoya tyAM paNa AvI sthiti thaI jAya che. tyAre eka varSa AcArya hatA. temanA pachI thoDAka varSe eTale lagabhaga ma. karatAM vizeSa mudata mATe jyAM dukALa paDayA hoya tyAM saM. 223 = I. sa. pU. 304 pAchA dakALa paDayo hato. A to para vizeSa gaMbhIra sthiti ubhI thAya te dekhItuM ja che. badhA duHkhakara hovAthI temanI noMdha jaLavAI rahI che. temaja kALanuM kSetra ne sthAnika-kI maryAdAmAM-stulita sivAya nAnA ane mIta pariNamI te aneka bInane dhAyA thavAne badale viroSa vistAramAM prasarI jatuM hoya to te paDI rahyA che tenI vAta te navI ja gaNavI. pramANamAM tenI pIDA vadhAre bhagavAya che. A bAbatamAM sTaDIjha. kahevAnuM tAtparya e che ke zrI mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI eka jainIjhama Ina sAutha InDiyAnA lekhake pR. 22 mAM prathama pAMcaso varSamAM eka bIjathI utare nahIM-bI jaNAvyuM che ke, daometimes the famine extended caDhI jaya-tevA aneka kALe halanI bhUmi upara bhina over the whole kingdom, but more often than en than bhinna sthaLe paDayA che. pariNAme zrI mahAvIranA samaye je not, it was confined to small tracts = seella jaMgalo, udhAna, upavano, bAga bagIcAo, ItyA hatA vakhata kALa AkhA rAjyamAM pharI vaLatA hatA; paraMtu temAM moTe bhAga vinAza pAmI gayA hatAjethI te samaye apavAda karatAM sAmAnyapaNe to nAnA nAnA praderAmAM ja te mANasanI je AbAdI mAtra zaheramAM ja jamA thaI rahI gadhAI raheto hato. Ama chatAM che je dukALano vistAra hatI, te AvAM thaI paDelAM navAM ujaDa jaMgalavALA bhAgamAM vadhI jAya ane temAM meM vaLI je kaparA uparI kALa vasavATa karavA lAgI hatI. eTale zaheranI gIradI ochI AvI paDe te, sarvatra jhADa ke jaMgalanuM nAma nizAna paNa thaI, tema jhADa jaMgale paNa ochAM thayAM. pariNAme varSa na rahetAM, saphAcaTa verAna na thaI jAya che. ane manuSyanI paNa kamI thavA lAgI ane kALanI saMkhyA ane saMt, saMkhyAno paNa teTalAja pramANamAM caradhANa vaLI jAya che. uttarottara vadhatAM thAkyAM. A pramANe A rIya icious A badhuM samajI zakAya tevuM che, circle gatimAna thayuM. zrI mahAvIranuM nirvANa i. sa. pU. para mAM thapA A ba6 naisargika rIte banyA karatuM hatuM. tethI ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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292 magadhanI hrade AvIne aTakAvI rAkhI hatI tyAMthI peAtAnI hadamAM lakhAvI che tyAre eTale phalitArtha thAya che ke te naheranI laMbAI dhaNI ja hAvI joie. tema potAnI rAjadhAnImAM laI gayA che eTale ema pazu samajAya che ke, magadhanI hadathI peAtAnI rAjadhAnI keTaleka aMtare AvelI hAvI joie. te rAjadhAnInuM hAthINuMAnA lekhanA jainaprathAmAM AvA kALacakrane, ArAnuM nAma ApI, tevA keTalAka ArAnA samuhane utsarpiNI ane avasarpiNI kALa evAM nAma ApyAM che. AnuM kAMika vRttAMta pu. 1 prathama paricchedamAM ApyuM che. dekhItuM che ke, vartamAna pa!zcAtya keLavaNI prAsAdita vargane A bAbatamAM bahu zraddhA nahI paDe; paraMtu jyAM aitihAsika sAdhaneAthI uttarottara kALanuM mahAtmya ane te uparathI manuSya, pazu, paMkhInAM zarIra tathA jIvana upara kramAnusAra thatI kSati, A pramANe puravAra thatI te sAkSAta nihALe, tyAM pachI kayA khInna purAvAnI tene apekSA rahe? matalaba ke temane paNa aMte te-kudarata-nA kAyadAnuM astitva svIkAravuM paDe che. jainagra thAmAM tethI karIne, mahAtmAe bherInAde jAhera karyuM che ke, zrI mahAvIra pachI amuka kALa vyatIta thaye ATalI ATalI vastuonA vizeSata: viccheda thaze ja, te pramANe kALabhagavAnanuM cakra nira Mtara niyamita rIte kyAMja kare che. A niyamano svIkAra thayA ane svIkAra tharoja eTale samudramAM jema bharatI eTa thayA kare che, sUryanA udaya-asta thayA kare che, rAtrI ane divasa eka pachI eka AvyAM kare che, tema kALabhagavAnathI nipajatI asarAnI paNa caDhatI ane paDatI thayAMja karavAnI. A prakAre je kALe caDhatI thAya tene utsarpiNI kALa, ane paDatI thAya tevA kALane avasarpiNIkALa zAstrakAroe kahyo che. jyAre caDhatInA kALa Aya che tyAre dareka prakAre caDhatI ja thayA kare che. eTale ke khUba varasAda paDe, tApa paNa manamAnatA paDe, dhanadhAnya puSkaLa utpanna thAya, mANasanAM zarIra puSTa rahe, jIvana nirvAhanI jarUrIAte vasAvavAnI ciMtA na rahe, AyuSyanI vRddhi thAya, zarIranAM khadhAraNanAM sadhAtAno ane saMsthAnAnA-vikAsa thAya; vizeSa baLavAna vIryavAna ane, dehamAna-rArIranAM mApa, meTAM thAya ema satra sadA uttarottara vRddhi ja thayAM kare. have vicAre ke yAM AvI kramAnuti cAlatI hAya, tyAM atyAranA karatAM viroSa zarIramAnavALAM, vizeSa Ayu Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa nAma zuM haze te jaNAvyuM nathI paNa gata paricche ApaNe tenI kAMIka carcA karI gayA chIe ane sAbita karyu che ke tenuM sthAna, vartamAnakALe jagannAcapurI jyAM che tenI ane tenI pAsenA cilakA sarAvaranA pradezanI aMtaragALe Avela haze. ApaNA A anumAnane eka lekhakanA kathanathI samarthana maLe che, byavALAM, vizeSa azva, parAkrama ane jJAnavALAM manuSyA paNa hAya, temAM kalpanAtIta jevuM zuM che ! eTale keAi ema kahe ke, pUrve manuSyanu rArIra seA, base ke pAMcase hAra vatuM hatuM athavA zarIranI uMcAi pAMca sAta daza phruTane khale, vIsapacAsa seA ke khase| phuTa jeTalI hatI (zrImAvIranuM rArIra 10-11 phUTa, zrIpA nAyanu 14-1 5 phuTa, prayadarzananA samaye maMdiranAM dvAra 10 phUTa sAbita thayAM che te te samaye manuSyanA rarIra paNa lagabhaga teTalAM ja heAya ema pI rAkAya che ) te kAMI Azcarya jevu nathIja. are tethI paNa vizeSane vizeSa kahevAya, te paNa asabhavita nathIjha (jainenI mAnyatA pramANe nemInAya ane zrIkRSNa, yudhiSThira ane bhImanA jamAnAmAM trIsa phuTanAM rArI2 ane hajAra varSanAM AyuSya hatAM. ) have samajI zakAro ke bAibalamAMnI je keTalIka hakIktane amAnanIya gaNe che te, temaja vaidika ane anya matanA dhArmi`ka gra MthAmAMnI prAcIna samayanA varNanamAMnI je aneka ghaTanAomAM hAlanI prA itabAra mUkatAM acakAya che te, misaranI thromAMthI nIkaLI AvatI mIene lagatI hakIkata, Adi Adi (jIe pu. 3. pR. 128 thI AgaLa ja budvIpanI hakIkata, tathA pR. 293 mAM pahallA A ke anA vALA pArAmAM varNavelI khInA) paNa taddana satyapUja hA che. mAtra ApaNI buddhi sakucita hAine, teTale darajje lakhAvI zakAtI na heAvAyI, te dareka vastune pratyakSa karI zakAtI na heAvAthI 'tema heAMI naja zake" evI ApaNA manamAM bhrAMti thai jAya che. mATe bhrAMti ane vibhramane tyajI, te khInAnA satya tarIke svIkAra karavA, teja ucita mArgo rahe che. tevA ja eka prasa Mga A khAravela cakravatInA jIvana prasagamAM AgaLa AvavAnA che te vAMcI javA tathA tene kudaratanA naisargika vahananI asara tarIke gaNI laI, A TIppaNamAM atra je hakIkata kahI che te sAthe sarakhAvavAnA che; te pArigrAphanu nAma duSkALanA prasa'ga ane pustakASThAranA sabaMdha' evu rAkhyuM che te juo, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 293 teo 57 jaNAve che ke, He made a canal medha na karatAM rAjasUya yajJa karIne pitAnuM sArvabhauma from the Bhargavi to Chilka lakeeteNe pada siddha karyuM hatuM." matalaba ke jaina rAjAo (rAjA khAravele) bhAragavI (gaMgAnadInuM nAma che)mAMthI rAjasUya yajJa ane vaidika matAnuyAyIo azvamedha cilkA saravara sudhI nahera baMdhAvI hatI. A zabdathI yajJa karatA hatA. ATale sudhI te hakIkata barAbara che. ema paNa hakIkata nIkaLe che ke, te samaya pahelAMye paNa zA mATe yajJa karavAmAM AvatuM te vize matabheda cilkA sarovara to hatuM ja, paraMtu duSkALane lIdhe te amane je dekhAya che te ahIM jaNAvavA jarUra paDI nirjaLa thaI gayuM hatuM athavA thaI jAya tevI bhIti che. uparamAM paMDitajIe eTaluM ja mAtra jaNavyuM che utpanna thaI hatI tethI teNe nahera khodAvIne gaMgAnadInuM ke, sArvabhaumatva siddha karavA yajJa karAyo hato. paraMtu pANI temAM vALyuM hatuM eTale te sarovara sajaLa banavA ApaNane khuda rAjA khAravelA pite ja, have pachInI pAmyuM hatuM. tanasuliyavA58 je zabda vaparAyo che, paMktiomAM jAhera kare che ke, teNe A yajJa karyA pachI te pradezavAcaka hovAnuM samajAya che. ane tema ja paNa aneka pradeza jItyA che. pAchaLathI pradeza jItyA hoya che, jyAMthI magadhanI hada aTakI paDI hatI che ema jyAre jaNAve che, tyAre ApoApa siddha thaI tyAMthI cilakA saravara sudhInI je kaliMgarAjyanI gayuM ke, yajJa karyo te samaye te pradezo tenA kabajAmAM bhUmi hatI, te saghaLone ke tenA eka aMzane, A nahetA ja; eTale sArvabhAmatvanI siddhine mATe te tanaliya nAmathI oLakhavAmAM AvatI hatI. eTale yajJa teNe karyo hovo na joIe te dekhItuM che; vaLI te bhUmimAM thaIne te nahera khodavAmAM AvI hatI zabdakoSamAM teno artha jovA jatAM anya sthiti ja ema kahevAnI matalaba thaI. nIkaLI paDe che. temAM Apela samajUti vaDe te ema (3) chaThThI lITImAM chelluM sucana ema che ke, spaSTa thAya che ke, sarvopari rAjAvaDe pitAnA rAjyArAjA khAravele, rAjyAbhiSekanA chaThThA varSe rAjasUya bhiSeka vakhate karAto ja te yajJa che. jo rAjyAbhiSeka yajJa ujavatAM karanA badhA rUpIA mApha karyA. vakhata ja karAte heya te te pachI te samrATane AkhA AmAM rAjasUya yajJa ane karanuM mAphIpaNuM A be rAjyakALamAM zAMti ane nirAMta ja gALavAnuM rahevuM muddA samajUti mAge che. joIe; kemake sArvabhaumatva meLavyA pachI vizeSa lAbha rAjAo taraphathI be prakAranA yajJo karAtA rAkhavAnuM kAraNa rahetuM nathI. game tema artha karo, ApaNe sAhitya graMthomAM vAMcIe chIe. eka azva- paraMtu eTaluM te rAjA khAravelanA nivedana uparathI medha ane bIje rAjasUya. azvamedha yajJamAM azvane siddha thAya che ke, teNe A rAjasUya yajJa nathI karAvyo bali devAya che ane te vaidika vidhirUpe gaNAya che. pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA samaye, ke nathI karAvyo jyAre azvanA baline hiMsakarUpa mAnIne, jaine je sArvabhAmatvanI siddhinI jAherAta mATe. tyAre zA ahiMsAne pradhAnapade sthApe che teo rAjasUya yajJa mATe karAvyo haze te prazna thAya che? tene uttara kare che. paMDita jayasvAlajIe temanA A lekhanA tenA ja zabdo, je A yajJa karyAnA ullekha pUrve mULa uparathI anuvAda thayela che tema) spaSTapaNe ane pAchaLa joyA che temAMthI maLI Ave che, teNe jAhera karyuM che59 ke, "jaina hovAthI te rAjAe azva spaSTa jaNAvela che ke, duSkALa paDavAthI nahera laMbAvIne (57) ja. A. hI. pI. se. pu. 2 khaMDa 2 pR.14 nAma terAlIya nagarI jaNAvI che. (58) eka lipi A "tanaliya" ne badale tisa- (59) jue. je. sA. sa. pu.7.pa. 375 pati 11 lIya' zabda hovAnuM jaNuvyuM che. samrATa priyadarzinanA (10) jIo gujarAta vidyApITha taraphathI bahAra paDela, baulI-jAgauDAvALA khaDaka lekhamAM te sthAnanI rAjadhAnInuM sArtha je keza 5, 655 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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294 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa tenuM pANI pitAnA mulakamAM lAvyuM hatuM ane rAjasUya jANamAM nathI, tema kuLa paNa jaNAyuM nathI eTale yajJa karI karanA badhA rUpiyA mApha karyA hatA. A kathanathI jAti-race-saMbhave che. ane vajadhara svataMtra tarIke ema artha niSpanna thAya che ke, duSkALa paDavAthI eka bhAga hoya ke pachI trIjacha kSatriyane koI peTA jema teNe sakriya ane racanAtmaka pagalAM tarIke vibhAga heya ke lipi ukelavAmAM kAMIka pheraphAra thavA naheranuM kArya upADayuM hatuM, tema bIjI bAju, duSkALa pAmyo hoya. paraMtu kaliMganI hadamAM ke aDoaDanA pIDita prajA ane kheDutone rAhata maLe te mATe aneka pradezamAM te rANInuM mahiyara haze ema banavA yogya che. prakAranA karamAMthI utpanna thatA lAkho rUpIAnI (8) AThamI paMkti-(goradhagiri)ne teDIne AmadAnI paNa jatI karI dIdhI hatI. eTaluM ja rAjagRhane gherI lIdhuM-vIrakathAonA sanAdathI yunAnI nahIM paNa duSkALanI zAMtine arthe rAjasUya yaza rAjA (yavanarAja) Dimite..Demetrius...senA paNa karyo hato. pariNAme sarvatra zAMti sthapAI hatI. ekaThI karI mathurA choDI devA pagalAM bharyAM. navamA (7) sAtamI paMkti-sAtamA varSamAM tenI gRhiNI varSamAM palavAI. A pramANe artha karAyo che. vajadharavALI duSitA-(prasiddha) mApadane prApta thaI. (ga) A AkhIe paMktine artha ja pheravavA jevo AmAM mAtra gRhiNI zabda ja lakhyo che, eTale che, kemake mathurA zabdanI hakIkata upara madAra rAkhIne samajAya che ke kadAca teNI paTarANI na paNa hoya te artha karAyo che. eTale ke uttara hiMdanuM je nagara ane sAmAnya rANI hoya. tema pite rAjyapade mathurA che te A lekhanA ukelamAM madhyabiMdu tarIke AvyA pahelA eka putrane pitA thavA pAmyo nahIM rakhAyuM che, jyAre upara lepArthanI prastAvanAmAM ja hoya ema paNa samajAya che, nahIM te tevuM kAMI ApaNe (juo pR. 279-80) jaNAvI gayA chIe ke vizeSaNa joDI batAvata. alabatta, eTaluM paNa kharuM rAjA khAravelane uttara hiMda sAthe kAMI levA devA ja che ke teNe yuvarAja zabda paNa vAparyo nathI ja; chatAM nathI; sivAya ke bahaspatimitranA mahela sudhI mAtra sarva saMjogo jotAM ApaNe ema artha besArIe dhasI jaI, tyAM rAkhelI jInamUrti pAchI lai Avyo ke, eka sAmAnya rANInA peTe yuvarAjane janma che. tenA parAkramanuM badhuM kSetra ja dakSiNa hiMda che. thayo hato te te anumAna khoTuM nahIM gaNAya. matalaba ke yavanarAja Dimita Demetrius I. sarva vajadharavALI zabda te rANInI oLakha batAve vastu kalpanAthI joDI kADhI che, jenI vAstavikatA che; kAM te te pradezavAcaka zabda hoya ke kulavAcaka AgaLa Apela varNana uparathI samajI zakAze; tevI ja ke jAtidarzaka paNa heya; tevA nAmavALo pradeza hovAnuM rIte goradhagiri ane rAjagRha zabdano artha (6) prAcIna samaye rAjAonI udAratA kevI hatI tema ja zAMti sthApana thayA bAda potapotAnA dharmazAstromAM tathA potAnI prajA pratye ke prema dharAvatA hatA, A tenuM karamAvyA pramANe yajJayajJAdinAM vidhividhAne kare che ja. udAharaNa samajavuM. kara mApha karyo che; nahIM ke mulatavI jema atyAre A prathA che tema prAcIna samaye hatI rAkhyo che; te khAsa dhyAna rAkhavA jevuM che. ema A uparathI siddha thAya che. (vaLI sarakhA upara TI. naM. 11 nI hakIkata) (13) A yuvarAja te bIjo koI nahIM paNa vAna (12) yajJa karavAthI dukALanI zAMti thAya ema paNa vakIla tarIke, tenI pAchaLa gAdIe AvyuM che te ja haze. kharuM ane kALa zAMta thayA bAda, paNa yajJa karAyo hoya tene janma A gaNatrIe ma. saM. 98=05 eTale ema paNa kharuM (ahIM zAMta thayA bAda karAyuM hoya ema I. sa. pU. 422mAM thaye kahevAze. samajAya che.) (14) lekhamAM mULa zabda vAgha che ane saMskRta atyAre paNa ama prakAranI mahAmArI ke tevA upa* chAyAmAM sannAta karAyuM che. mULamAM vani ane rAva ka AvI paDe che tyAre eka mana tenA nivAraNa tarIke rAkhu chuTA paDela che,

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: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 295 besAravAmAM paNa skUlanA thavA pAmI lAge che. paraMtu goThavI dIdhe lAge che. vaLI AgaLane akSara Dimite tene bhAvArtha je ame tAravI zakayA chIe tenuM gya AvavAthI ane tenI joDenI jagyA mUTita hovAthI sUcana zodhI na kaDhAya tyAMsudhI te, hAla je artha sarva. keTalAka asara paDI rahyA paNa samajAya che, jethI mAnya thayo che tene svIkAra karIne ja AgaLa vadhavuM DimiTTIasa nAma besADI levAmAM saraLatA thaI gaI rahe che. chatAM te sUcana zodhI kADhavAmAM upayogI thAya temaja AkhA lekhane bhAvArtha bRhaspatimitra magate mATe kAMIka mArgadarzana karIzuM. dhapatinuM ane rAjA khAravelanuM samakAlInapaNuM (bA) goradhagiri-te mATe tevA ja nAmano, sAbita karI ApavA upara avalaMbita hato, eTale anya giri ke giriga, jenuM sthAna kRSNa nadInA bRhaspatino bIjo artha puSya thAya che te uparathI mukhanI AsapAsa gheDa mAIlamAM AvyuM hoya te bRhaspatimitra puSyamitra goThavI devAyo che. tema puSyaparvatane rAjA khAravelanI caDAInuM sthAna samajavuM rahe mitranA rAjagurU bhagavAna pataMjalInA samaye uttara che. temaja rAjagRhIne teDI nAMkhyAnI vAta galata jevI hiMdamAM yavaneno paga pesAro thaye hatuM eTale temaNe che. tene badale "rAjagRhama' je mULapATha che eTale baLAt yavanaH zAzvata zabdavALuM je vAkya lakheluM che, rAjagRhane-kahetAM rAjAnA mahelane-teDI nAkhyo tene artha thavana lekAnA udaya sAthe baMdha besatuM paNa hate ema kahevAno artha che. A amArA kathanane thaI gayuM che. AvI rIte mULe dorela eka anumAnanI TekArUpa zabdo tenA pitAnA AlekhanamAMthI ja aneka kaDIo maLatI thaI jatAM, viDimanA jAhera karI nIkaLI Ave che; je "5lava" zabda che ane jenI devAyuM ke, Dimite...zabda je che, te DimiTTIasa yunAnI kapa zilAlekhano artha esAravAmAM atyAre rAjA sacavatoja zabda che. bahapatimitra te puSyamitra hisAbamAM ja lIdhI nathI, te pallavajAtinA che, ane je nagara yavanarAjane choDIne khasI javuM (jene ApaNe licchavI kSatriyanI eka zAkhA tarIke paDayuM hatuM te mathurAnagara che. A pramANe anumAna ane rAjA naMdivardhananA samaye te prAMta upara vahIvaTa tAravavAmAM Ave te paddhati sAme ApaNe eke akSara karavAne sUbA tarIke nImyAnuM jaNAvI gayA chIe belavA jevuM nathI. saMzodhanano viSayaja e che ke te samajavA rahe che. pallava, colA, kadaMba I. temAM aneka prakAranAM anumAno ane kalpanAo karavAM licchavInA vibhAgo pAyo che te mATe juo pu. 1. paDe che ja, paraMtu je vAMdho che te eja ke, ame pR. 385, 317nuM varNana) rAjAne uddezIne vaparAyo che. bahAra pADela prathamanAM pustako viSe, vidvAnoe evA temaja te pachI ApeluM varNana, colA ane pAMDayA Ape amArA zIre mUkyA che, ke itihAsanA lekhake rAjAne lagatuM samajavAnuM che. kalpanA karavAmAM upayogI anumAna kadApi karavAM ja na joIe. temaNe te thAya te mATe ATaluM sUcana karI, have bAkInA artha- " huM dhAruM chuM, mAruM maMtavya che, Ama haze, Ama ne teDa batAvIzuM. saMbhava che, I. I." zabdanI vaparAzathI hamezAM se (C) yunAnI rAjA (yavanarAja) DimiTe-Dem- gAu dUra ja rahevuM joIe ane tethI AvA zabdono je etrius-mathurA cheDI pAchAM pagalAM bharyA......A prayoga ame karyo che te sAcA itihAsanA AlekhananuM ardha karAyo che. paraMtu mULe to yunAnI rAjA evo zabda daSTibiMdu na gaNAya. AvA abhiprAya dharAvanAra ja lekhamAM kAtarAyala nathI; kharuM che ke, yavanarAja vidvAnone potAnuM vaktavya bahAra pADatAM pahelAM, bhUlazabda vaMcAya tevA akSare che, te uparathI yunAnI zabda bhalA vidvAnone paNa kevA prakAre kAma levuM paDayuM che (15) vaLI juo nIce pU. 299mAM TI. naM. 77vALuM lakhANa. A mATe bIjA dhaNA paNa aneka maLI Ave tema che paraMtu suratamAM samajI zakAma mATe eka be TAMkI batAvIzuM. (juo pu. 3 pR. 176 TI. naM. 85, 4, 5. 2 TI. 29; uparamAM pR. 186 TI. ', 1 tathA mR. 18 TI. naM. 30 I. i.).

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hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa te prasaMganI yAda, dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM sUcana ja mAtra bAMdhIne pAchA haThI javuM paDayuM ?63 vaLI bIjI vAta e amAre karavAnuM che, uparAMta jaNAvavAnuM ke ATalA che ke A hakIkata temaNe puSyamitra ane paMtajalInA ATalA saMjogone meLa khAtAM chatAM paNa temaNe samakAlIna tarIke rAjA khAravelane gaNIne goThavI derelAM anumAna kevAM khoTAM kare tema che te nIcenI kADhI che tethI teno samaya haju DimiTrIasanI lagabhaga samajUtithI teozrIne rozana thaze. AvI jAya che, paraMtu tene khare samaya te I. sa. vAta ema che ke, DimiTrI ane samaya ja jude pU. 4ra9no have sAbita thaI cUkyo che. eTale che. pu. mAM ApelI samayAvalInA pR. 6mAM i. sa. pU. kahevAnuM e rahyuM ke, khAravelanA samaye te zuM, paraMtu 183nI vigata uparathI khAtrI thaze ke, tenuM maraNa che. tenI pachInA baso varSo sudhI paNa, koI yavana rAjAe sa. pU.181nA arasAmAM thayAnuM noMdhAyuM che; jyAre mukhya hiMdustAnamAM pagaja dIdhe nathI. sauthI prathamamAM prathama mitranuM maraNa te tenI pUrve rAta vadhe eTale i. sa. je koI yavanapati hiMda upara caDI Avyo hoya te pU. 188mAM ane pataMjalInuM I. sa. pU. 100mAM thaI te elekajhAMDara dhI greTa che ane tene samaya I. sa. cUkyuM che. tema puSyamitranI jIvaMta avasthAmAM yavanoe pU. 327 che te pachI miTrIasanuM nAma paDyuM zAketa upara caDAI karAvAnI je hakIkatanuM darzana khAravelanA samaye kyAMthI saMbhave ? matalaba kahevAnI bhagavAna pataMjalIe karAvyuM che teDimiTrIasanA pitA e che ke, jema bahaspatimitra te puSpamitra nathI yuthI DImasane lagatuM che. eTale ke te vAkaya paNa sAcuM ane te dvitIya paricchede Apela 18 dalIla tathA A paristhiti paNa sAcI. paraMtu vyaktio bhinna bhinna; lekhamAM paNa prasaMgopAta jaNAvela bIjI be traNa kadAca uparokta caDAIvALo prasaMga minenDarane AzrayIne dalIla juo) karato, tema limiTe te DimiTrIasa8 lakhA hoya (juo TI. naM. 6) paNa tema te banavA paNa nathI; temaja yavanarAja ane mathurA zabdanuM joga nathI lAgatuM kemake bhagavAna pataMjalInuM maraNa vAMcana je karAyuM che te paNa sAcuM nathIja. yavananIpajyA bAda minenDaranI rAjakIya kArakIrdIne samaya rAjane badale vanarAja zabda che ane mathurAne badale Ave che eTale minenDare sAketane ghero ghAlIne jatI dakSiNa hiMdamAM AveluM madurA-madhurA nagara che; kemake lIdhAnI bAbatanuM varNana bhagavAna pataMjalInA mukhe mULa lekhamAM vAritu madhura avayAto zabda hevA thayAnuM saMbhavIta ja nathI. chatAM eka bAragI mAnI lyo chatAM, atyAra sudhI tene vimovaDuM mathurAmapayAno ke uparanA banne prasaMgo-yuthIDImase ke minenDare sAketane A artha je karAya che tene badale eka lekhake 9 ghero ghAlyAnA-DimiTIesanA rAjya banyA hatA te, vipuSetuM to, A prakArano tene artha che paNa prazna e thAya che, ke jyAre DimiTrIasa pote satala- besAryo che te vadhAre vyAjabI Thare che. chatAM A ja nadInI pUrva bAjunI bhUmi upara paga mUkyA jeTalo vAkaSamAMnA aneka akSarono ukela game tevI rIte kare, paNa bhAgyazALI thayo nathI, tyAre satalaja nadInI pUrva temAM vAMdho levA jevuM nathI, paraMtu mULamAM mag zabda keTalA aMtare Avela ayodhyA sudhI ke mathurA sudhI je che te te 'mathurA karatAM madurA nuM vadhAre sUyana * te AvI pahoMcyo kayAre? ke jethI tene gAMsaDApoTalAM karato zabda che. eTale sarva kathana je atyAra sudhI uttara (16) zAketa zabda che ke zAkala, te prathama nakI thavuM temanAM jIvanacaritro jue.) joIe. zAla hoya to ziyAlakeTa samajavuM. ane tene (17) jue che. hi. ka. 1929, pu. 5 pR. 597 ghero ghAlanAra DimiTTIane pitA yuthI DImasa hatejyAre (18) DimiTIesano bApa yuthIDImAsa kahevAno temane sAketa zabda hoya te, ayodhyAnagarI thAya ane tenI upara hetu che kemake AkhuM lakhANa te prasaMgane AzrIne lakhela che. caDAI karanAra kimiTIesane saradAra ane tenI gAdIe (19) juo jenIjhama ina nairthana InDiyA nAmanuM pustaka AvanAra minenTara hato. (A badhAM varNana mATe pu.mAM (kartA sI. je. zAha; prakAzaka oNgamensa kAM) 5,161nI TIkA,

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tRtIya pacchida ] hiMdamAM khanAva banyA tarIkenuM kahevAyuM che te have dakSiNa hiMdanA madurAne aMge kahevAyuM che ema gaNavuM paraze. ATaluM samajAyuM te pahalava, pAMDayA vigerenuM je varNana AgaLa Ave che tathA yavanarAja zabdane khadale vanarAja. hAvAnAsaMbhava che te badhuM Ape|Apa samajI javAze. anuvAdanI samajUti A pramANe prastAvika carcA karIne have mULa vAta upara AvI jae. hakIkata ema banI che ke je vakhate kaliMgamAM khAravelanA pitA vRddhirAjane amala tapatA hatA, te samaye siMhaladvIpanAM (jIe pu. 2. pR. 264 TI naM. 71nI vaMzAvaLI) rAjaprakaraNamAM khUba aMdhAdhUdhI cAlI rahI hatI. tyAM ma. saM. 45 thI 75 sudhInA 30 varSamAM krAka pAMDuvAsa nAmanA paricita vyaktinuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM. tene trAsa ane julama bahu hatAM. tenA amalane uccheda karIne ma. sai. 95 mAM tyAM abhivijaya athavA vijaya nAmanA rAjA gAdIe AvyA hatA. te mahA parAkramI hatA. temaja nAnapaNathI jhaLakI uThavAnI AgAhI Ape tevAM zruti ane kauzalya dharAvatA hatA. A vijaya rAjAnI sAthe potAnI tulanA rAjA khAravele pAtAnA lekhanI trIjI paMktimAMja karI che. rAjA vRddhirAjanA samaye te pAte dakSiNa hiMdamAM caDAie gayA hatA ane tyAMne mAmalA pUratA kAbumAM levAya te pahelAM tene pAchA AvavuM paDayuM hatuM ema ApaNe agAu jaNAvI gayA chIe. tyAM sthiti evI banI rahI hatI ke je pAMDuvAsa pAsethI ma. sa. 95 mAM siMhaladvIpanI gAdI rAjA vijaye laI lIdhI hatI te pAMDuvAsa tathA tenA bIjA maLatIyAo jeo paNa lUTaphATa karavAmAM ane trAsa vartAvavAmAM tenA jevIja manevRtti dharAvatA DhatA temane siMhaladvIpamAMthI rUkhasada maLelI hAvAthI, pAsenA hindanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM nAsI AvyA hatA ane tyAM peAtAne aDDo jamAvI kheThA hatA. tathA peAtAnI hamezanI rIta pramANe tyAMnI prajA sAthe (70) yavanarAjamAMthI prathamAkSara ya kADhI nAkhavAthI vanarAja rAkhyuM Ave che; ane vanarAja eTale vanamAM rAjA 38 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 297 kAma lIdhe jatA hatA. tyAM vasI rahelI prajAnA pAkAra potAnA saradAra ke khaMDiyA rAjA, evA pAMDayA ane ceAlApatidvArA, kaliMgAdhipati rAjA vRddhirAjanA kArne pahAMcatAM, temaNe peAtAnA yuvarAja khAravelane te luTArAone jera karavA sainya sahita mAkalyA hatA. paraMtu te kAma saMpUrNa rIte pAra pADe, te pahelAM khAravelane pAchA khelAvI levAnI pharaja paDI hatI. chatAM khAravela jyAre dakSiNa hiMdamAM prathama vakhate pahoMcyA hatA, tyAre zizuvayathI AgAhI ApatA pelA siMhalapati abhivijayanI yazagAthA tA teNe sAMbhaLIja hatI. eTale tyAMthI pAchA AvatAM je smaraNAM potAnI smRtimAM tene tAja ramI rahyAM hatAM, te sAthe peAtAnI sarakhAmaNI karavAnI taka teNe hAthadharI dekhAya che. AvI rIte khAravelane ma. sa. 98mAM dakSiNa hiMdamAMthI pAchuM pharavuM paDayuM hatuM ane peAtAne rAjyAbhiSeka thai gayA khAda, tuMratamAMja zAtavahana vaMzI rAjA zrImukha zAtakaraNInA AphramaNane aTakAvavAnuM kAma hAtha dharavuM paDayuM hatuM tathA te bAda rASTrikA ane bhejAne namAvavAmAM guMthAvuM paDayuM hatuM tathA te khAda duSkALanI sthiti pAtAnA dezamAM ubhI thavAthI temAM paNa yathA samaya rAkAI javuM paDayuM hatuM. A pramANe aneka prakAranI pAMca cha varasanA samaya uparAMtanI tene rAkta thaI paDI hatI; jethI pelA pAMDuvAsanAM kAryaM paratve rAjA khAravela jarA paNa saMbhALa rAkhI zakayA naheA. jema jema rAja khAravelanI rAta vadhatI cAlI, tema tema A khAjuM pelA bhAIsAheba vadhArene vadhAre joramAM AvatA gayA; ane TheTha madurA sudhInA mulaka peAtAnI sattAmAM lai lIdhA. have A bAju rAjA khAravelane tyAM, peAtAnA rAjyanA sAtamA varSe putra janmanI khuzAlInA prasaMganI ujavaNI paNa purI thai gaI hatI. eTale AThamA varSathI pAchuM peAtAnuM citta dakSiNahiMdamAM zAMti sthApavA tarapha doDAvavAnA tene avakAza maLyA hatA. karliMganI jevA je purUSa hateA te; eTale luMTArA jevI vRtti dharAvatA purUSa ema kahevAnI matalakha che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa hada vaTAvatAM prathama celA rAjAne, te bAda pallavapatine hakIkata vistArapUrvaka AgaLa lakhavAnI che eTale ane te bAda pAMDayAnI hakumatane pradeza Ave che. atre nAhaka na rokAtAM AgaLa vadhIzuM. eTale AThamA varSe prathama te, paMkita AThamImAM kAta- (mA) bhAratavarSamAM prasthAna karyuM-mULamAM jANavA rAvyA pramANe pelA garathagiri-ane rAjagRha teDa- zabda che. atyAre koI bIjo artha kalpanAmAM besatA yAno banAva rAjA khAravelanA hAthe banavA pAmyo. nathI. eTale vivecana karavuM baMdha karIzuM. kadAca temano tathA te bAda dakSiNamAM AgaLa vizeSa javAnI teNe hetu dakSiNa bhAratavarSa tarapha digvijaya karavA te agrekuca karavA mAMDI. A samAcAra pelA luMTArA pAMDuvAsa sara thayo hate ema kahevAnuM thatuM hoya. vanarAjane kAne pahoMcyA eTale teNe madurAthI uttaramAM (6) daMDa, saMdhi, sAma pradhAna ityAdi emAM kaI prayANa karavAnI je taiyArI karI rAkhI hatI te khAsa noMdha nIkaLatI nathI. paNa saMbhavita che ke, mAMDIvALI pAchA haThI gayo. AkhIye AThamI paMktimAM daMDa, saMdhi, sAma ane bhedarUpe rAjanItinA je cAra ketarAyala banAvane itihAsa A pramANe samajavAno prakAra gaNAya che temAMnA prathamanA traNa bhede te samaye che. tene uttarahiMdanA mathurA ke DimiTrIasa sAthe astitva dharAvatA hatA, jyAre e prakAra, bheda saMbaMdha ja nathI. paDAvI rAjaya karavAne, je gaNAya che te rAjA khAravela(9) te bAda AThamI lITInA che. je pallava nA samaya bAda amalamAM Avela dekhAya che. A zabda che tathA navamI paMkitamAM je aneka prakAranAM prakAranI nIti paM. cAkaNe amalamAM mUkyAnuM kahevAya dAna karyA ne ullekha che tene artha ema karavAne che che eTale khAravelane samaya 5. cANakya ane caMdragupta ke, te AkhuM varSa pallavarAjAnI sAthenA yuddhamAM tene mairyanI pUrvene sAbita thayo kahevAya. pasAra karavuM paDayuM hatuM ane aMte temAM vijaya meLa. (11) agiyAramA varSe kharAba rAjAe banAvaviIne tenI khuzAlImAM vividha prakAranAM dAna karyA rAvela maDIne moTA gadheDAonA haLa vaDe khodAvI hatA; tathA pite jainadhamAM hovAthI te pradezamAM nAMkhe-eka tera varSanA tamaranA deha saMdhAtane teDI rAjabhavanarU5, moTA rAjamahelane paNa jhAMkhapa 5mA nAMkhyo. te eka me mahAvijaya nAme-ahaMtanuM jInAlaya- (mA) AmAM kharAba rAjA keruM tene prAsAda baMdhAvyo hato. je hakIkata dazamI paMkitamAM kAMI patto lAgato nathI. eka lekhake pitAnA teNe svaye jAhera karI batAvI che. vicAra ema darzAvyA che ke, kharAba zabdane badale ahaMtane prAsAda banAvyo che te zabdaja sUcave mAla rAnA Ava king or the king Ava che ke te jenadhama hatA. joIe tethI tene artha karatAM kahe che ke, He (10) dazamI paMkti-mahAvijaya prAsAda ADa- (Bharvel) raises to the ground (plotrIsa lAkha rUpiyA vaDe banAvarAvyo tathA bhAratavarSamAM ugh down) with an ass-plough the prasthAna karyuM. market town (Mandi) founded by (9) AmAM mahAvijaya prAsAda ane tene banA- the Ava king=Ava rAjAe banAvela te maMDa vatAM ADatrIsa lAkha dravyane karavo paDela vyaya che. (maMDI=bajArane moTA gadheDAonA haLa vaDe teNe (1) Ane lagatuM vistArapUrvaka vivecana AgaLa upara maMDI ubhI karAvI hoya ane tyAM teNe tathA tenA sAgrIte mahAvijaya prasAdane lagatA pAragrAphamAM ApyuM che te juo. luMTamAM ANelI vastunAM kayavikraya karAtAM hoya. (72) kadAca je vanarAjanuM varNana uparanI paMkti AThamI. (73) juo ja. e. bI. vI. sa. pu. 14 5. mAM karyuM che teNe mArAnI AsapAsanA kAI nagaramAM A 150 thI AgaLa.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] ( khAravele kheDAvI nAMkhyA. jyAre eka anya lekhaka4 jaina saMpradAyanA vidyamAna eka AcArya sAgarAnaMdasUrijIne pUchatAM temaNe vyakata karela5 zabdo TAMkIne jaNAvyuM che ke, " He points out that Kunika is related to have ploughed Vishalanagar with ploughs drawn by asses=gadheDAnA haLa vaDe rAjA kANike vizAlA nagarane khAdI nAkhyuM hAvAnuM samajAya che" paNu amArI ema samajaNu che ke A vizAlA nagaranI6 hakIkatane khAravelanA vana sAthe jarAe saMbaMdha nathI tenAM aneka kAraNA che. (1) kharAba rAjAe baMdhAvela nagara pUNika teADI nAMkhyuM che te te nagara kRNikanA samaya pUrve baMdhAyuM kahevAya, ane tene teDa nAra kRNika kahevAya; teA pachI rAjA khAravelane tenA tADanAra tarIke zA mATe gaNuA ? vaLI prathama kUNika che ane te bAda 75 varSe khAravela thayA che, teA eka vakhata je kUNike teADI nAkhyuM hoya tene pAchuM teADavAnuM khAravelane prayeAjana zuM? vaLI sAva sAdIne sAmAnya buddhimAM paNa utarI zake tevI hakIkata tA e che ke, vizALAnagarI tA kaliMganI uttare keTalIye AthI che; tyAM pahAMcatAM pahelAM, vacce rAjagRhI tathA magadhanA keTalAka bhAga Ave che pachI gaMgA nadI Ave che ane te oLaMgyA bAda bheMzALI nagarI Ave che. anuvAdanI samajUti (74) ja. e. khI, rI. seA. pu. 13. pR. 261 TI na 1-2. (75) A peAtAnA nanA AdhAra mATe temaNe Avazyaka vRtti-haribhadrasUri racita-pR. 685-7 tathA hemacaMdranuM vIr caritra rR. 170-1 hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. ASArapUrvaka jaNAvyuM che eTale khanAva sAcA che. paraMtu te prasaMga atra thatI carcAnA viSayane lAgu nathI paDate| (76) vizAlAnagara eTale vaizAlInagarI kahevAne AArAya samajAya che kemake rAjA kuNIke vaizAlIpati ceTakanA maraNa bAda te peAtAnA rAjyamAM bheLavI dIdhI che. eTale kadAca te nagarInI durdazA teNe kAI kAraNane laIne karI paNa hAya. (ayAyAnA vistAra vizALa gaNAtA hatA tethI tenuM nAma koi koi vakhata vizAlA kahevAI jAya che paNa te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 299 jyAre lekhamAM kayAMya (11mI paMkti pahelAMnI naM. 8, 9 ke 10mImAM) A pramANe rAjA khAravele AkramaNa karyAnuM jaNAvavAmAM ja AvyuM nathI. matalaba ke upara jaNAvela hakIkatane kASTha prakAranA saMbaMdha ja nathI. vidvAne saMroAdhananA kAryamAM kevI vAtone ullekha karI zake che te A uparathI joI zakAze). tyAre AgaLa jaNAvela eka vidvAna A maMDInA sthAna khAmata anumAna karatAM jaNAve che ke,78 - Pithunda-Pitunda of Ptolemy. It seems that it is a commercial town of importance. It was the gate to the Tamil-land, is indicated by the information which we get from the reading, now proposed by the last portion of this most difficult line:bhi[m]dati Tramira desha etc; mi [[ ] vRtti tramaaza=he breaks up the combination of the Tramil (Tamil) countries... The combination or league had existed for 113 years as the preceding expression says. The Tamil tradition covering up the Pandya, Chola and Kerala Desha is here nagara te| kaNikanA samaye kaiArALapatinI sattAmAM hatuM eTale te hakIkata tene khadhakhesatI thatI nathI.) virAALA nagarInA artha avatinagarI paNa eka vakhata thatI hatI; jIe uparamAM rR. 22; pu. 1, pR. 183 TI. na 102; tathA muni zrI kalyANavijayajIe jainakALa gaNanA nAmanA lekhamAM 1987, pR. 31 TI. naM 28mAM lakhyuM che ke zrI vIra nirvANAt vizAlAyAM pAlaka rAjya 20 varSANi" matalaba ke avaMtine vizALA kahevAtI hatI paNa atre te kathana baMdhabesatuM nathI, mATe che!DI devuM rahe che. (7) pR. 295 upara amArA pustakanA vAcakAe je AkSepe| amArA upara mUkayAnI phariyAda karI che te vAkaya sAthe A bInA sarakhAve, vaLI jue nIcenI TI, na, 79 ane 81, (78) qhue ja, e. bI. rI. sA. pu. 14%, i51 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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300 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaDa confirmed=pitharaathavA TelemIe (varNaveluM) te ja A pitharaDa samajAya che. (8) te pithuM meTuM pituM. ema dekhAya che ke vepAranuM te eka agatyanuM jabaradasta vepAranuM mathaka gaNAtuM hatuM. uparanA mathaka hatuM. te tAmila dezanuM pravezadvAra gaNAtuM hatuM. kathanathI aneka bAbatanuM spaSTIkaraNa thaI jAya che. evuM sUcana (AkhA lekhanI) A paMkti je ApaNe je muddo atre khAsa lakSamAM levo rahe che te samajavAmAM sauthI muzkela che tenA uttara bhAganA e ja ke, rAjA khAravele tAmila dezanA traNe bhAga vAcanamAMthI nIkaLe che. te vAcana have navIna rItathIja upara amuka jAtane rAjakIya kAbu meLavyo hato tathA karavAmAM AvyuM che, te navIna vAcana A pramANe keI eka nagara-bajAra, je AgaLanA rAjAe badamAzI karAya che)-bhima ]dati trama radeza==mara (tAmila) mATe ubhuM karyuM hatuM tene teNe nAza karI vALyo hato. dezanA saMyoga-ekIkaraNane teNe vikherI nAMkhyuM che. (2) uttarApathanA rAjAone bahu trasta karyA. (ta dezano) A samuha-athavA samavAyataMtra-AgaLanA eTale ke upara pramANe dakSiNa hiMdanuM kAma moTA bhAge vAkyamAM lakhyA pramANe 113 varSathI hastimAM hatA. pUruM karIne, have utara hiMda tarapha teNe pitAnuM dhyAna tAmIla (dezanI) daMtakathAmAM je pAMDyA, celA ane deravyuM; amArA mata pramANe A bAramA varSe ja kerala dezano samAveza karAyela che te A uparathI prathamavAra uttara hiMdamAM game che. ane tyAMnuM kAma siddha thAya che." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke, je jInamUrtine aMgenuM hatuM te patAvI nAkhyA pachI (1) AkhAye lekhamAM sauthI vadhAre muzkelIe samajI te tarapha pharIne bIjI vakhata joyuM paNa nathI. jyAre zakAya tema hoya che te A paMkitane pAchale bhAga adyApi parvatanI pracalita mAnyatA pramANe, AThamI che. (2) teno artha navIna rIte hAla sUcavAya che paMkitamAM rAjagRhane toDayAne je ullekha ApaNe te mujaba have ema artha karavAnuM che ke, rAjA khAravele gaNAvyo che, te temaNe rAjagRhI dhArI laIne magadha tAmIla dezanA samuhane vikherI nAMkhyuM hatuM. (3) A deza pratinuM tenuM prayANa hovAnuM lakhyuM che tethI te samuhamAM traNa deza gaNAya che. (4) tenAM nAma pAMDavA banAvane magadha uparanI prathama caDAI gaNI che ane celA ane kerala deza kahI zakAya0 (5) kemake A bAramAM varSanI caDAIne bIjIvAranI gaNI che. tAmila sAhityamAM A pramANe daMtakathA pracalita che. matalaba ke atyAre, be vakhata magadha upara hale (6) A tAmila dezano jyAMthI AraMbha thate gaNAya karyAnI mAnyatA che. paraMtu vAstavika rIte eka ja caDAI che tyAM tenA pravezadvAre-piyu zahera AveluM teNe karI che. che. (7) TolemIe pitR tarIke jenuM varNana karyuM che (12)sugAMgeya sudhI laI gayo ane magadharAja (79) prathamamAM, tama=sisa, athavA tAmra eTale tAMbu te traNa dezanA samuha vize A kathana che ema samajavuM. ema artha besArIne, sisAno ke tAMbAno eka staMbha te triliMgane artha ApaNe ke karIe chIe te pu. 1mAM nagaramAM ubhA karAyela hato ane te ukheDI nAMkhavAmAM cedidezanA varNanamAM DuMka samajAvyuM paNa che, vizeSa A Avyo hato evo artha karAyo hato. have te ja lekhanuM khaMDamAM AgaLa upara jaNAvIzuM. vAMcana paNa juduM karAya che tema artha paNa jude ja besArAya che. (81) A piyuMDane artha atyAre keIka nagaranA nAma vastu ekane eka hoya chatAM, svarUpa ja tadana pharI jatuM dekhAya tarIke karAya che. AgaLamAM pRthula meTA evA vizeSaNanA che. (saMzodhanano viSaya ja eve che. keTalAkane Azcarya thAya che. bhAvArtha mAM karAyo hato. (keTalo maTe taphAvata. sarakhA ke, zuM ekane eka vastu hovA chatAM ATaluM badhuM parivartana thaI mAM pR. 25nI hakIkata tathA TI. naM. 79 tathA TI. naM. 77). zake ! te vAta temanI buddhimAM na utaratI hovAthI pitAne game (82) cesa te kahI zakAya tema nathI paNuM kalpanAmAM tevA zabdavAparI anyane utArI pADavAnI koziSa karyA kare che.) utare che ke, tenuM sthAna vartamAnanA tAMjora, sAlema, ke (0) ApaNe jene triliMga tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe tricinApalI jIllAmAM AveluM haze.

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tRtIya pariccheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 301 bRhaspatimitrane peAtAnA paga upara namAvyeA...rAjA rIte vAcana thAya te artha paNa karI jAya te naMdadvArA laI javAmAM Avela kaliMgajInamUrtine... dekhItuM ja che. prAcIna samaye krAtarAvAyela lekhamAM aMgamagadhanuM dhana laI AvyeA... rUtunA, havAmAnanA, varasAdanA, pANInA, TADhataDakAnA, te upara besatA pakSInI hagAranA, musAkarAnA hAthe thayela aTakacALAnA dhRtyAdi, aneka prakAranA saMjogane lIdhe tenA akSarA upara tathA hRsvadInA kAnA mAtrA A (*) sugAMgeya-pATaliputramAM magadhatine nAmaneA mahela che. tenuM nAma mudrArAkSasa nATakamAM paNa levAyuM che; potAnA paga upara magadhapatine namAvyo che. eTale tene kAMI tAbedArI bhAgavatA nathI karyo paNa teAkhA pAkarAvIne-ApaNe sAdI bhASAmAM jenI 'bhIna' kahevarAtrI kahevAya che-te sthitimAM mANI mUkayA hatA. rAjAnaMdadArA lai javAmAM Avela eTale nadIvardhanarAjA je, kaliMgapati kSemarAjanA samaye lai gayA hatA te, evA bhAvArthamAM vaparAyala che. eTale ke je jInamUrti naMdIvardhana-naMda pahelo83 AgaLanA vakhate laI gayA hatA tene, A khAravela, gaMgA nadInA pravAhadArA TheTha pATaliputra jaI, magadhapatinA sugAMgeya nAmanA mahelane dherI laI pAchI uThAvI lAvyA hatA ane kaliMgapatinuM je apamAna maMdivardhane karyuM kahevAtuM hatuM tenA khadalAmAM, teja naMdivardhananA vaMzaja ane hAlanA magadhapati bRhaspatimitrane potAnA page namAvyA hatA. bRhaspatimitrane atyAra sudhI vidvAneAe zRMgavaMzI puSyamitra manAbhyAche. paraMtu tema banavA yAgya nathI te ApaNe uparamAM aneka purAvAthI puravAra karI ApyuM che eTale have krarIte te prazna carcatA nathI. A pramANe pariNAma AvatAM kaliMgapati ane magadhati vaccenA TasanI pUrNAhuti thaSTha gaI hatI ema samajavuM rahe che. upara temaja vaLAMka upara je je asaraiza thAya che te te| aneka prakAranI che; eTale vAcanavAcanamAM kALe kALe pheraphAra dekhAI Ave te paNa svAbhAvika che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa eka ja kALe dhaNA jonArAonI daSTimAM paNa bhinnatA haiAvAthI judeA ukela karI zakAya che. matalaba ke kAI zilAlekhane ukela ke vAcana nAphera rahI zakatAM ja nathI. A vAta dhyAnamAM rahe tA, kAI paNa navI jAtane artha bahAra paDatAM vAcakavargane je Azcarya jevuM lAge che ke zuM Agala thaI gayela sarve vidvAnA bhIMta bhUlyA hatA jethI temane AvA artha sUjhaye| ja nahIM ! tevI temanI maneAdazA thaze nahIM; paraMtu tiDhAsanA saMzodhanamAM je samaSTi keLavavAnA anyane upadeza ApavA taiyAra thai rahe che te ja upadeza peAtAne keTalA pramANamAM levA jarUrI che te Ape|Apa samajI jaze. ] te A [noMdha--atra noMdha levAnI eTalI jarUra rahe che ke, bhASA ukelamAM aneka vakhata aneka vidyAnA mataphera thayA ja kare che. paMDita bhagavAnalAla IMdrajIta jevA saMzAdhana niSNAte gRhapatimitrane badale 'hupatisAsina' vAMcyuM hatuM.84 A pramANe judI (83) jai, sA. sa. pu. 3 pR. 372mAM anuvAdake zakyuM che ke, I. sa. pU. 458 varSa pahelAM ane vikrama sa'. 400 vaSa~ pahelAM, uDisAmAM jainadharma'nA eTale pracAra hatA ke bhagavAna mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI pazcAttera varSa mAM ja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (1) kaliMgajInamUrti--dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, jInamUrti zabda vAparyAM nathI paraM'tu tenI sAthe kaliMga nAmanuM vizeSaNa joyuM che. tenA be rIte samAsa karI zakAze: eka kaliMga-jInamUrti ane khIne kaliMgajInamUrti; prathama rIte samAsa heAya te tene artha kaliMga dezamAMnI athavA liMgadezavALI mUrti eTale kaliMga dezamAMthI laI javAI hatI te mUrti, evo sAdhAraNa artha thaI zake. jyAre bIjA samAsanA artha kAMIka viziSTatAsUcaka che; mULa lakhANamAM paNa 'kaliMgajIna' zabda lakhAyA che eTale ApaNe paNa te ja bhAvArthamAM tyAM mUrtie pracalita thaI gaI. (A te temaNe 75 varSanI vAta kahI che. jayAre ApaNe te te pUrvenI paNa sAbita karI batAvI che. jIe pu. 1 pR. 170 TI. na. 55), (84) jue jai, sA, sa+, pu. 7 pu. 373 patti 14 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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302, hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa lekha paDaze. kaliMgajIna eTale mUrtinuM nAma ja tyAM eka maMdira baMdhAvI tenI aMdara mUrti sthApana kaliMgajana kahevAya che tevI viziSTa arthavALI mUrti karI hatI. AvAM aneka kAraNathI atyAre paNa te ane kaliMgajIna eTale jenonA trevIsamA tIrthaMkara pahADa, pArzvanAtha pahADanA nAmathI ja oLakhAya che. pArzvanAtha kahevAya che ema ApaNe uparamAM jaNAvI vaLI A pArzvanAthane jaina sAhitya graMthomAM gayA chIe; kemake kaliMgamAM Avela rAmetazikhara (purUvAdAnIya' tarIke lekhAvAya che. tene sAmAnya pahADa upara, chellAmAM chellA je tIrthakara nirvANapada artha te manuSyanA roganuM nidAna jANavAvALA athavA pAmyA che temanuM nAma pArzvanAtha che. te uparathI tenI tene maLatA ja bhAvArtha thAya che. ane tevA sAmAnya taLeTImAM, koI rAjanagara gaNAtA zaheramAM, pArtha- arthamAM to dareka tIrthakarane te vizeSaNu lagADI zakAya che. nAthanI nirvANabhUminA smAraka tarIke, rAja karakaMDue paraMtu traNe kALamAM -bhUta, vartamAna ane bhaviSyamAM (85) "baMgALa, bihAra ane oDisA ke jaina smAraka" vyA pramANe matio toDI naMkhAI haze tyAre mULa pratimA tevA nAme eka pustaka che; tenA pra. 138thI hakIkta laine ane yakSa chUTA paDI gayA haze mATe tene aMza kahyo che) bhagavAna pArzvanAtha nAmanuM eka pustaka surata mukAmethI eTale uparokta maMdirane lagatI ja hovI joie. vaLI pATaNa 1985mAM chapAvIne digaMbara patrakAre potAnA grAhakomAM bheTa ane pATaliputranuM sthAna eka ja che. A badhI hakIkatathI ame tarIke ApyuM che. tenA pR. 11 upara jaNAvAyuM che ke "rAjA evuM anumAna doryuM hatuM ke te neminAtha athavA te kRSabhanAthakhAravela ke hAthIguphAvALA lekha eka naMdavaMzI rAjadvArA AdinAthanI mUrtinA aMze heya. temAM paNa vizeSa prakAre traSabhadevakI mati ke liMgase pATalipatramaiM le jAnekA AdinAthanI hovAnuM dhAryuM hatuM; kAraNake jainadharyanI Adi ulekha hai." (temaNe gaSabhadevanuM nAma zA mATe lakhyuM sAthe temane saMbaMdha vizeSapaNe hAIne, tenI mahattA vizeSa tenI dalIlo ApI hota to te upara vicAravAnuM sagama gaNAya. A amArA maMtavyane uparokta digaMbara pustakanI thAta-eTale ke lekhake te mUrti aSabhadevanI mAnI che. hakIkate samarthana maLatAM te mAnyatA baLavattara thavA pAmI jyAre vAstavIka rIte te pArzvanAthanI hovAnuM saMbhavita che). hatI. paraMtu jyArathI janarala kaniMgahAmanA pustakamAM A TippaNa:-A mUrti AdizvaranI haze evI prathama kaliMgajInanI mUrtinuM varNana vAMcyuM tathA tene lagatI pleITamAM amArI paNa mAnyatA thaI hatI; kemake, (jI pu.1 pR. 304). tenuM svarUpa joyuM, tyArathI te vicAra DagamagavA mAMDe hate. magadhapati rAja udayAje pATaliputra vasAvI pitAne sadaiva temAM vaLI vikramasaMvata sattaranI madhyamAM (I. sa. 1600nI pUjA karavAnI sagavaDatA thAya mATe eka jaina maMdira baMdhAvIne AsapAsa) thayela, jaina kavi samayasuMdaranuM tIrthamALAnuM stavana temAM zrI neminAthanI pratiSThA karAvyAnuM lakhyuM che. (kei DekANe vAMcyuM (juo nIcenI TI. naM. 86mAM tenI kaDI naM. 9-10 neminAtha ane AdinAtha ema be mati padharAvyAne vAcyuM no artha lakhyo che te) temAM jaganAtha pArzvanAtha zabda lakhyo hoya ema yAda Ave che) A pATaliputrano jyAre zregavaMzI che. jyAre A kaliMgajInavALuM tIrtha jagannAthapurInA nAme rAjA agnimitre nAza karyo tyAre A maMdira naSTa thavA oLakhAI rahyuM che. eTale badhI vAtane meLa maLI rahyo; sAthe temAMnI mUrtio paNa bhAMgIne tenA aMzo veravikhera ane nakkI thayuM ke te kaliMgajInanI mati pArzvanAthanI ja thaI gayA hovA joIe. eTale je be yakSanI matio che, tene jaina sAhityamAM jagannAtha pArzvanAtha kahIne saMbe1882mAM paTaNA najIkamAMthI maLI AvI che ane hAla dhela che; tema udayALe baMdhAvela te mUrti hovI na ja joIe. kalakattA yujhIemamAM "bhArata gerarI "vALA vibhAge goThava. pATaliputranA maMdiranI te mati na hoya tenuM kAraNa e vAmAM AvI che tathA tenA upara `aja' ane "samrATa che ke, khAravelanA samaye tema ja rAja naMdivardhananA samaye vatinendi' akSare che tene rAna udayananA maMdiranI pratimAnA pATaliputra akhaMDa hatuM. temaja pATaliputranI sthApanA ane aMza tarIke lekhavI rahe che. (aMza eTalA mATe ke jIna prati naMdivardhane prathamavAra te mUrti meLavavA caDAI karI te be mAonI palAMThInI nIce haMmezA tenI oLakha mATe yakSa- samaya vacce 40 varSane te phera hatuM. eTale te mUrtine pakSiNInI mUrti kotaravAmAM Ave che, ane uparamAM jaNA ane pATaliputra vacce saMbaMdha ja nahote.] Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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- tRtIya paricheda anuvAdanI samajUti 303 A pArzvanAthanA nAma sAthe aneka prakAranA camatkAro varNana AgaLa upara lakhavAnuM che. eTale ahIM te saMyukta thayAnuM jaNAyela hovAthI te judA judA mAtra tenA mahAbhyanuM ja darzana karAvyuM che. nAme oLakhAtA rahyA che. tethI temanI mUrti (6) aMga-magadhanuM dhana laI Avyo. ema je vizeSa camatkArika manAtI rahI che. tema eTaluM te khAravele karAvyuM che te vAkaya ja batAve che ke, te svabhAvika ja che ke, jema mUrti vizeSa purANI ane samaya sudhI aMgadezanuM mahattva paNa prajAnA magajamAM camatkArika, tema tenA upara tenA bhakatonI bhakti paNa ramI rahyuM hatuM. jyAre etihAsika najare. bhale kayAMya vizeSa tathA te mATe temanI prANa pAtharavAnI taiyArI evo nirdoSa thayo nathI jaNAvo ke aMgadeza kayArathI paNa vizeSa samajavI. A be siddhAMta nakkI karAyA (1) rAjadvArI agatyatA gumAvI beThe hato, chatAM kaI te mUrti pArzvanAthanI hatI ane (2) te bahu camatkArika paNa itihAsavida eTalo te svIkAra karaze ja, ke hatI-eTale sahaja samajI zakAze ke te mUrti ghaNA kALanI maryavaMzanI hakumata taLe jyAre magadha dezanuM Adhipatya jUnI tathA alaukika hovAthI, tenAM gaurava-pratibhA cAlatuM hatuM tyAre dezanuM nAma te lagabhaga ane mahimA-ati moTA pramANamAM prasiddha thaI bhUMsAI gayuM ja hatuM. tema samrATa-priyadarzinanA cUkyAM hatAM. AvI pratimAnA rakSaNa mATe, koI upADI zilAlekhamAM paNa tene koI ThekANe yAda sarakhAye karyo na jAya te mATe-tenA bhakto pitAne prANu apa nathI. eTale samajavuM rahe che ke mairyavaMza pahelAM devAne paNa vilaMba na kare ane pitAthI bane teTalA athavA meDAmAM moDo samrATa priyadarzinanI pahelAM ja87 prayatna-AkAzapAtALa eka kare ja. jyAM sAmAnya rAjA khAravela thaI gayuM che ema phalitArtha nIkaLe che. mANasanI vAta A pramANe hoya tyAM, samrATa khAravela (13) teramI paMkti. addabhUta ane Azcarya jevAnI sthiti kevI thAya che te varNavavA karatAM (thAya tevI rIte te) hAthIovALAM vahANa bharela. samajI zakAya tevI che. temAM paNa je mUrti khuda pAMDava rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate aneka motI, mANeka, khAravelanA ja prapitAmaha gaNAtA Adya purUSa evA ratna haraNa karAvI lAvyA. ' mahAmedhavAhana rAjAe pratiSThita karI hoya to te (ka) abhUta ane Azcarya-hAthIovALAM vahANa pachI pUchavAnI vAta ja kayAM rahe? vaLI ApaNe bharela; hAthIovALAM vahANa ema jyAre khAsa vizeSaNa jANIe chIe ke mahArAjA karake pote ja pravRtta- vAparyuM che tyAre sAmAnya karatAM temAM kAMIka vizeSa cakra hatA eTale ke tene kaivalyajJAna thayuM hatuM, jethI kahevAne hetu dekhAya che. teno artha ema samajAya che mUrtinI hakIkata athathI iti sudhI tenA khyAlamAM ke, hAthIonAM kAma mATe upayogamAM levAya tevAM hatI, ane tethI ja tene asAdhAraNa pratApavaMtI vahANe, eTale ke je vahANamAM hAthIone caDAvavA mAnate hato. AvA saMjogomAM je mUrti khuda kara utAravAnI sagavaDatA sacavAya evI rIte bAMdhavAmAM mahArAje pratiSThita karI hoya tenAM gaurava, sAmartha AvyAM hoya tevAM vahANo, ema artha thAya ane bIjI ane mahAmya keTalAM bahoLA pramANamAM hoya te mAtra rIte ema paNa thAya ke vahANane AkAra ja hAthIkalpanAne ja viSaya kahevAya. A mUrtine lagatuM vizeSa enA svarUpane maLatuM Ave tevo hoya athavA sAmAnya (81) jevAke -zaMkhesarA, amIjharA, jIrAvalA, staMbhana, camatkAra nIpajyA hovAnI AkhyAyikA joDAyelI che. te kAdhi, serisare, ajAvare, aMtarIkSa, paMcAsare jagannAtha, viSaya ahIne na gaNAya eTale ATalo ullekha ja mAtra karyo che. (A badhA sAthe pArzvanAtha zabda joDavo). joke (87) A hakIktane rAjA khAravelanA samaya nirNayanI uparanAM nAmo to te te sthAnamAM sthApita karAyelI pratimA che vIseka dalIlo pR. 25 thI 266 sudhI ApI che tarIke lekhavAnAM che; paraMtu te dareka sAthe amuka prakAranA temAM umerI zakAze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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304 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa vahANa karatAM evA UMDA temaja anya prakAre racAyelAM paMktimAM AThamA varSe je rAjagRhane teNe teDayAnuM tathA hoya ke, jene jotAM veMta ja navIna vicAraNA khu; game tenA saMvAdo sAMbhaLI pelA vanarAja pAcho haTI gayAnuM tevA arthamAM lyo, paNa temAM vaTANanI racanA ane ghATa lakhyuM che te prasaMga paNa hoya; athavA agiyAramI saMbaMdhI hakIkata jaNAvI che eTaluM samajAya che. paMkitamAM agiyAramA varSe je maMDI khadAvI nAkhyAnI adabhUta ane Azcarya-zabdo paNa vizeSaNarUpe ane deha saMghAtane toDI nAMkhyAnI hakIkata lakhI che vaparAya heya, te upara jaNAvI gayA pramANe tenAM te prasaMga paNa hoya; uparamAM nirdiSTa karela sarve prasaMge pATa ane kada vize ja pAchuM sUcana karAyuM che ema athavA kadAca ekAda ocho vakhate, pAMthA dezanA rAjA samajAya; paraMtu khAsa zabda judA ja pADIne joDayA upara te caDAI gayo che joIe. paraMtu eTaluM che tyAre temAM kAMIka vizeSa dhyAna kheMcavAno Azaya to kharUM ja ke, eka karatAM vadhAre vAra gayo hato, dekhAya che. te A rIte, AgaLa jatAM mANitI nahIM te "A vakhate' zabdo lakhata nahIM ja. ratna zabda te lakhyAM ja che, eTale ke chUTAM chUTAM (14) caudamI paMkti-kumAri parvata upara jyAM vijaya A padArtho te hatAM ja. uparAMta "vahANa bharela cakrasupravRtta che, saMskRti (janma maraNane vaTAvI gayela najarANuM hAthI, ratna, mANikya" evA zabdo paNa kAyaniSIdI (skU5) upara-rAjabhUtio kAyama karI vAparyA che eTale ema kahevAno hetu samajAya che ke dIdhI. pUjAmAM rata upAsaka khAravele jIva ane zarIranIjemAM ratna, mANikya jaDelAM che tevA AkAranAM haya, zrInI parIkSA karI lIdhI. hAthI I. AkAranAM prANIo banAvela hatAM ane te (ba) kumArIparvata upara jayAM vijyacakra supravRtta bheTa ApavA lAyaka hatAM. vaLI tene jotAM ja tenI che kumArI u udayagirikhaDagiri parvata upara88 kArIgIrI mATe tathA banAvanAranI kauzalyatA mATe dharmavijayacakra pravaryuM hatuM eTale mahAvIra bhagavAne ApaNuM manamAM Azcaryaja uddabhava thatuM hatuM. poteja jenadharmane upadeza dIdhuM hatuM. tyAM eTale te (mA) pAMDaya rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate i. I:- parvata upara. pAMDavyuM rAjAne tyAMthI A vakhate; evA zabda jyAre (mA) kAyaniSIdI (sUpa) upara-rAjabhUtio vaparAyA che tyAre ema artha thAya che ke, AgaLa kAyama karI dIdhI tyAM janma maraNuM vaTAvI gayela paNuM eka ke vadhAre vakhata pAMDaya rAjAnA upara hale che tevAnI kAyanilIdhI arthAta jaina stUpa hata; laI javAyA hatA, paraMtu te samaye A vakhata jevI jemAM koI arihaMtanuM hADakuM dATavAmAM AvyuM hatuM bheTa sogAtamAM vaparAya, tevI vastuo kAMI prANa tyAM zAsana bAMdhI ApyAM. eTale stUpa upara je purUSa thaI nahatI. je tevI vastuo maLI hatI te " A kAma karanArA hatA, matalaba ke jeo tenA saMrakSaka vakhate'nI sAthe "paNa" zabda joDIne " A vakhate hatA athavA te AgaLa besIne pUjA-bhakti-jApa paNa' ema lakhyuM hota. maMtra japanArA hatA, te sarvene amuka amuka varSAsana prazna e uddabhave che ke, prathama vakhate (eTale A pUrve kAyamane mATe karI ApyAM. A stupa zene hato ane eka yA vadhAre vakhate) pAMDayA rAjya upara kayAre khAravele temAM zuM mukavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tathA jainadharmIo halo karyAnuM samajavuM? sauthI prathama tenI yuvarAja AvA stUpa zA mATe ubhA karatA hatA; te traNe prazno avasthAmAM (uparamAM juo; tene rAjyAbhiSeka thayo ahIM keTaleka khulAso mAMge che. (1) A stUpa te pahelAMnI bIjI paMktinuM vivecana (mA) nI hakIkata - zene? -tene uttara te khAravele pote ja Apela che, ke mAM te tyAM gayo dekhAya che; bIjI vakhata, AThamI prakSINa saMskRti eTale je jIva janma maraNane vaTAvI (88) je. sA. sa. pu. 3 pR. 372 pakti 15 (89) juo je. sA. saM. pu. 3 pR. 372 paMkti 17 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya paricheda ] . anuvAdanI samajUti 305 gayela che te mATe; matalaba kahevAnI che, tenA pradAdA dAbaDe, karaMDiyo ke tevuM kAma hoya, te mUkavAmAM Ave mahArAja karakaMDa je pratyeka buddha thayA hatA-eTale che. AvA samAdhi-stUpa aneka sthAne aneka saMkhyAmAM kaivalyajJAna pAmavAthI jemanA ATha karmamAMnA mehanI- adyApi paryata najare paDe che (3) jenadhamae AvA karma Adi cAra ghAti karmane nAza thaI gayo hate ratUpa zA mATe ubhA karatA hatA? Ane ghaNo khare ane bAkInuM AyuSya pUrNa thaye zeSa cAra adhAti uttara, upara naM. ranA khulAsAmAM AvI gayo che. atre karmane nAza karI je nirvANa padane pAmyA hatA; tethI eTaluM jaNAvavAnuM ke atyAra sudhI sarva vidvAnanI temane have janma maraNanA pherA karavA rahyA nathI, evI mAnyatA che ke, sArA hiMdustAnamAM aneka evA-temanA dehane je sthAne agnidAha dIdhe hato ThekANe (daSTAMtamAM jANavuM ke-sAMcI, bhArahuta stUpavALA te sthAne eka stUpa caNAvavAmAM Avyo hato. te pradezamAM) je stUpa ubhA karAyA che te sarve baddha tUpanI aMdara temanA zarIranAM kAIka avazeSo sAcavI dharmanA che; paraMtu pu. 2 mAM samrATa priyadarzinanuM vRttAMta rakhAyAM hatAM.90 A tapa pAse besIne jApa japavA lakhatAM ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe, ke te pote je mANasone nImyA hatA teo tyAM beThA beThA, dharma jainadharmI hato ane teNe temaja tenI pUrvenA rAjA kArya kare tathA navakAra maMtra Adi bhaNyA kare ane oe (kezalapati prasenajIta rAjAe tathA magadhapati tUpanI pUjA kare, artha caDAve, ItyAdI je je karmo rAjA ajAtazatrue bhArahuta mUkAme) athavA te karavA yogya heya te kare, te mATe te mANasane dharmanA aneka bhaktoe (sAMcI-bhillA TesavALA (kAyamanA pagAra bAMdhI ApyA hatA. (2) zuM mukavAmAM bhUmi pradezamAM) vipula saMkhyAmAM AvA sUpa AvyuM hatuM ?-mUkhyatve zarIrane agnidAha devAyA pitAnI bhakti darzAvavA jaNAvyA che ane A pachI je kaI hADakuM rahI gayuM heya-jene atre stUpanI racanAmAM je dharmacihno kotarAvAyAM che te sAmAnya bhASAmAM kula kahevAya che, te athavA dADhAe paNa jainadharmanAM pratIka rUpe ja che. tene vigatavAra ke keza Adi je kaI bhAga bhaLI gayA vinAne samajUti sAtheno khulAso ApaNe pu. 2 mAM prathama rahI gayo hoya, te eka vAsaNamAM sAcavI rAkhI, ane dvitIya pariccheda tathA sikkAnuM vivaraNa karatAM te upara moTA stUpa racavAmAM Ave che ane tenA tRtIya paricchede ApI gayA chIe eTale atra te pilANamAM-garbhAgAramAM-pelA avazeSavALuM vAsaNa, saMbaMdhI kAMI vizeSa jaNAvavA apekSA rahetI nathI. mAtra (90) jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka pu. 3 pR. 37ra paMkti nAnA stUpo athavA caitya ahIM eka jagyAe che jene 1thI AgaLa je lakhavAmAM AvyuM che te ahIM utAravAmAM devasabhA kahevAmAM Ave che. AvyuM che. (91) prasenajIta pIlara ane ajAtazatru pIlara tarIke, tyAM parvata upara eka kAyanidhIdI arthAta jaina stUpa bhArataU5 nAme pustakamAM je varNavAyA che; tenAM citro hato, jemAM koI arihaMtanuM asthi dATavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 5. 1mAM AkRti naM. 8 tathA 9 tarIke ApaNe raju karyA che. khAla yA enA pahelAnA vakhatanI evI aneka guphAo A stupa paNa prakSINa saMskRtirUpa smAraka hatuM kemake ane maMdiro A parvata upara che ke jenA upara pArzvanAthanAM te sthAne zrI mahAvIrane kaivalyajJAnanI prApti thaI hatI cinho temaja pAkAo che ane je korI kADhelAM che. kevalyajJAna upaje eTale niyama ja che ke te jIve anya sarva temaja brAhmIlipimAM lekhavALAM che. temAM jaina sAdhuo dhAtikarmo khapAvI nAMkhyA che; mAtra je AyuSya bhogavavuM rahetA hatA e vAtano ullekha che. A uparathI e spaSTa bAkI hoya che, te sAthe anya traNa adhAtikane paNa aMta che ke, A sthAna eka jainatIrtha temaja ghaNuM jUnuM che. samaye nAza thavAthI pote nirvANane pAme che ja; evo sarvadA marAThAonA rAjyakALa daramyAna paNa jainae ahIM eka navuM niyama hoya che. ane nirvANa pAmyA eTale tene A maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. yAtrIoe banAvarAvelAM aneka nAnA saMsAramAM pharI pharIne janmamaraNanA pherA karatA rahetA nathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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hAthINuMkAnA lekhanA 306 je kahevAnuM rahe che te eTaluM ja ke vAcakane have khAtrI thaze ke amArA te kathanane rAjA khAravelanA hAthINuMkAnA lekhathI saMpUrNa samarthana paNa maLI rahyuM che. tema AvA stUpA ubhA karavAnI prathA jainamatAnuyAyIomAM hatI te hakIkata paNa have siddha thaI jAya che. (6) pUjAmAM rata upAsaka khAravele jIva ane zarIranI zrInI parIkSA karI lIdhI. eTale ke rAjA khAravela je jainadharmamAM saMpUrNapaNe Asakti dharAvatA hatA teNe upAsakadazAra sAdhI hatI; eTale zrAvaka tarIke je kAryA. dharmazAstranI AjJA pramANe nitya niyama tarIke karavAM joIe" te sarve pote havethI AcaratA thayA hatA. ane Ama karavAthI tene peAtAnA AtmAnuM jJAna thayuM hatuM. temaja yuvarAjAvasthAmAM zAstranAM paThana pAThana Adi kA haiAvAne lIdhe pudgala tathA AtmAnA bhedanI jhINAmAM jhINI rIte samajaNu tene maLI gaI hatI. vaLI peAtAnA AtmakalyANa mATe dharmakriyA (92) nu samrATa priyadarzinanA sahasrAmanA khaDaka lekha (93) eka krAryAM e paNu gaNAya che ke teNe eka divasamAM traNa vakhate chanamUrtinI pUjA karavI joie. A pramANe rAnta zreNikane paNa niyama hateA. (jue tenuM vRttAMta) tema rAjA udayAne paNa A kAryane mATe ja pATaliputra nagare navuM devAlaya baMdhAvI temAM chanadevanI mUrti padharAvI hatI. (pu. 1 pR. 300 jIe). (94) rAta dizAnA jJAnI=sa dizAnA jJAnI athavA daza dizAnA jJAnI A prakAranuM lakhANa aAvuM joie. A vAkraya sAthe nIcenI TIkA naM. 95, 96nuM lakhANa jo vAMcavAmAM Avaze te turata samAze ke, je purUSane kevaLajJAnanI prApti thai che athavA jemane kevaLI kahevAya che. te mATe A vizeSaNe| vaparAyela che. kaivalyajJAna tene kahevAya che ke, jethI traNe kALamAM sa padArthonAM-jaDa ane cetanavaMtAnAM saMsvarUpa te jJAnanA baLa vaDe jANI zakAya. alakhata jyAre jyAre te jJAnane upayAga kare tyAre tyAre kaMrAmalakavavizvam-jevI sa sthiti tene pratyakSa--sAkSAta najaronajara khaDI thai jAya. A pramANe a niSpanna karavAmAM uparanA vAkayanA je-vAMcana ukelane pheraphAra ame sUcanyA che te vizeSa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa karavAmAM tathA dharmanI vRddhi mATe ane khIjAne dharmakAryamAM joDAvAnuM anukULa paDe te mATe, aneka prakAranAM dharmAlaya baMdhAvavAnuM teNe AdaryuM hatuM. temAMnA eka tarIke potAnA pUrvaja-mahAmedhavAhana karakaMThu mahArAjatA, jema eka samAdhi stUpa racAvyeA hateA tema bIjA tIrthaMkarA ane kevaLIe paNa A sametazikhara upara mekSipada pAmyA heAvAthI, tevA pratyekanA sthAna upara paNa stUpA ubhA karAvI dIdhA hatA je hakIkata havenI paMktimAM teNe jaNAvI che. (15) sukRti zramaNa suvihita zata dizAnA jJAnI94, tapasvI, RSi leAkeAnA arihaMtanI niSIdI pAse ... ... ... siMhaprasthavALA rANI siMdhulAne mATe niHzraya. () zramaNa suvihita; jema uparanI paMkitamAM mAmedhavAhana rAjAnI kAya niSIdI upara stUpa karAvyA tema aneka zramaNA suvihita RSi munie tathA tapasvI ane saMyamIo je paNu janmamaraNanA kheDA pAra UtarI gayA hatApa tenA-temaja adhabesatA thAya tema lAge che, (5) atre vaparAyalA rAkhkho jaina sAMpradAyika hAine, jyAMsudhI teneA bhAvArthAM samajAya nahIM tyAMsudhI A pa MktimAM vaparAyalA jainarAntanA aMtarane nAda zuM kahevA mAMge che tene khyAla jainetarone na ja AvI zake tethI keTaleka khulAseA karavAnI atra jarUrIAta ubhI thAya che. jaina sa'pradAyamAM, kulaLI, arihaMta, siddha ane tIrthaMkara evA cAra zabdo che; sapradAyanI mAnyatA evI che ke, kaivalyajJAna jene utpanna thAya te niyama tarIke haMmezAM mekSe jAya ja; eTale te jIvane pharIne janmamaraNa dharavAnA phero karavA paDatA nathI. uparanA cAre prakAranA jIvane, kaivalyajJAna prApta thayeluM heAya che ja; eTale mukti pAmavAnI gaNatrIthI tA cArenI sthiti ekaja kakSAmAM che. para Mtu eka khIjo niyama e che ke, kevaLajJAna pAmyA pachI te jIvane peAtAnuM AyuSya sa MpUrNa thAya tyAM sudhI peAtAnA AtmAnA ciMtavana karavA sivAya bIjI koI kAma ja A saMsAramAM rahIne karavAnuM rahetuM nathI. jyAre tIrthaMkarane mAthe eka pharaja ubhI rahelI gaNAya che ke teoe janakalyANanA hitArthe dharmAMpadeza ApavA ja joie. bAkInA traNa prakAranA jIvA kAine tevA dharmopadeza karatA nathI, kAI prazna www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tRtIya pariracheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti * 307 arihaMtanI niSadI pAse eTale je ThekANe arihaMta lAkhanA kharcathI-evA je zabda lakhAyA che tene kahetAM tIrthaMkaranA dehAgnisaMskAra karavAmAM Avela je rANI siMdhulA mATenI yojanAnI sAthe joDIe hatAM tevAM sthAno upara paNa stUpa racAvI dIdhA. A te paNa joDAya tema che. kadAca eka taddana judI ja pramANe bhinnatA darzAvavA temane judAM varNavI batAvyA pravRtti AdarI hoya ane temATe teNe te kharca karyuM hoya che. matalaba ke je je sthAne tene pavitrAtmAonAM tema kahevAnI paNa matalaba dekhAya che. te pravRtti ema smaraNa tarIke jALavI rAkhavA yogya lAgyAM te sarva kahI zakAya ke, jema teNe arihaMta-tIrthaMkarAdinA ThekANee8 lekakalyANane mATe teNe tUpa Adi zarIra jyAM paDayAM hatAM tyAMnI bhUmine pavitra mAnI te smArake karAvI dIdhAM hatAM. uparAMta, khAsa potAnI upara smArake ubhAM karAvyAM hatAM tema te tIrthaMkarAdinA rANIne (kahetAM rAja kuTuMbanI nArIvargane) sarva prajAthI vacanane, amRtamaya vANIna-zrutajJAnane, kAyama jhIlI alaga rahIne dharmakArya karavAnI anukULatA sAcavI rAkhavA mATe saMgrahita karavA mATe-ekAda sthAnanI zakAya mATe, judA ja0deg prabaMdha karAvyo hato. te mATe sthApanA paNa karI hatI. vaLI te sthAna ubhuM karavAmAM rAjane zobhe tevuM mahAmulyavAna smAraka karyuM lAge che. je kharca thayuM hatuM tenI tathA te vastunAM gaurava ane je zabda soLamI paMktimAM lakhAyelA vaMcAya che tenI, mahattA kevI gaNavAmAM AvatI hatI tenI vizeSa mAhitI ane paMdaramI liTinA chellA zabdo vacce, eka moTe rAjA khAravele pote ja have pachInI paMktimAM katarI gALo paDela che. eTale temAM zuM lakhANa haze te batAvI che. nizcita thatuM nathI paraMtu kalpanAnA baLe ema goThavI (mA) siMhaprasthavALI rANI siMdhulA-A uparathI zakAze ke, te mahAmulyavaMtu hevuM joIe ja. vaLI rANInA nAmanI tathA tenA piyaranI oLakha apAI vaiduryaratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo sthApana karyA, paMcotera che. jema idraprastha-IdrapurI dilhIne mATe vaparAya che kare to uttara Ape: praznakAranA mananuM samAdhAna kare te vastu varNavIne A zabdo vAparyA che. judI che. bAkI svayaM UThIne teo bIjAone upadeza (6) jyAre ahIM arihaMta rAbda, sAmAnya arthamAM ApatA ja nathI. A hisAbe, tIrthaMkaramAM ane anya traNa na vAparatAM tenA vizeSArthamAM eTale tIrthaMkaranA bhAvArthamAM vargamAM pheraphAra che. va5rAyo che. uparAMta arihaMta zabdane artha traNa prakArane thAya che; (7) uparanI TIka naM. 95 tathA 96 sarakhAve. (1) arihaMta=patAnA zatrune (bAhya tema ja aMtaranA, (98) ramrATa priyadarzine AvAM kayAM sthAna mAraka bAya eTale hathiyAra dharIne sAmA thAya che ane aMtaranA tarIke gayAM hatAM te mATe tenAM vRttAMte juo. eTale kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lAbha, kaSAyAdi je, pudagalArUpI (9) AvAM samArako ubhAM karavAmAM mULa aMze eka ja laTArAo AtmAne pitAnA kharA svarUpamAMthI calita karavA heta rakhA hoya che ke, te smArakane nihALIne je AtmAnI mathI rahyA che te (juo pu. 3 pR. 249nuM varNana tathA yAdImAM te ubhuM karAyuM che, tenuM jIvana yAda karAya tathA TIkAo) jeNe haNI nAMkhyA che te. (2) ahaMta-artha e che ke mArga grahaNa karyo hato ke jethI te mukitane jene ApavA yogya, jenI pUjA karavA yogya che te. (3) pAmyo: te vAraMvAra saMbhArIne, ApaNe ApaNuM jIvanamAM a+rUhaMta a=nahIM, ane vahata (raha uMgavuM) ugavApaNuM AcaraNamAM utArI te sthiti meLavavAnI abhilASA sevAya. eTale pharI pharIne janmamaraNa dhAraNa karavAM te. matalaba ke kAja karavA te matalaba ke (100) AtmAnI sAdhanA karavA mATe kharI rIte to jene pharIne janmamaraNano Azraya levAne nathI te. A va Ade prabaMdha karavAnI jarUra ja rahetI nathI paraMtu, traNe arthamAM, uparanA cAra prakAranA chAne mUkI zakAya pitAnI sagavaDatA sAcavavA, jema pratyeka mANasane haka che che; paraMtu sAmAnya ane pracalitapaNe arihaMta eTale tIrthaMkara, te pramANe rAjA khAravele baMdobasta karyA dekhAya che, jethI evA ekaja bhAvArthamAM atyAre te vaparAte thaI gayo che. prajAnA paNa sagavaDa sacavAya tema potAnA rAja banI ahIM uparanA cAra prakAranA kAne sAmAnya rIte paNa savAya, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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308 hAthIguphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa tema AmAM siMhaprastha eTale siMhapura kahevAno artha have te siddha thaI cUkayuM che ke rAjA khAravela paNa samajAya che ane ApaNe jANIe chIe ke samaya te mauryakALanI pUrvene che eTale je samaya siMhapuranagara (kaliMganA amuka bhAganuM rAjadhAnI) haju bhaviSyamAM AvavAnuM che te samaye banavAvALI jevuM moTuM zahera te samaye hatuM (juo prathama paricchede) hakIktane "uccheda pAmela' tarIke raju na karI zakAya; tAtparya ke te nagaranI kadAca te rAjakuMvarI heya. tema je vastu uccheda pAmI gayela ja hoya tene vaLI (16) --vaiduryaratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo saMrakSaNa karavAnuM prayojana ja kayAM rahe che? haju nAzanI pana karyo paMcotera lAkhanA (kharca)thI. mairyakALamAM aNI upara je hoya tene sAcavI rAkhavAno Azaya uTheda pAmela esaddhi (cosaTha adhyAyavALA) aMga- heya tenI sArthakatA te samajI zakAya te mATe uccheda saptino cotho bhAga pharIthI taiyAra karAvyo.-bhikSurAje pAmaze, athavA uccheda pAmavAnI che ke tevo ja artha dharmarAje kalyANa dekhatAM, sAMbhaLatAM ane anubhava karatAM. sUcavatA akSaro kotarAvavAnuM vyAjabI kahevAya. eTale (ba) vairyaratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAo sthApana samajAya che ke vozina=nAza thayeluM (destroyed) karyA. paMcotera lAkhanA kharcathI-A zabdothI pite zabdane, bhUtakALa ke bhUtakRdaMta (Past tense ke Past zrutajJAnanI-pustakanI sAcavaNane keTalI amulya participle) tarIke vaparAyela na gaNatAM, vartamAna lekhate hatuM te sUcave che, ke jethI te garbhAgArane kRdaMtamAM Present Participle vaparAyala tarIke teNe vaiduryaratnothI zobhita banAvyuM hatuM tathA tenI lekhavo; jene artha aMgrejImAM being destroyedracanAmAM paMcotera lAkha 01 jeTaluM anargaLa dravya nAza pAmatuM athavA te on the verge of being khaca kADhayuM hatuM. destroyed=lagabhaga nAza pAmavAnI aNI upara (ba) mairyakALamAM uchera pAmela cosa i(saTha AvI pahoMcyuM hatuM tevuM gaNavuM. have "maryakALamAM" evA adhyAyavALA) aMga saptikane cotho bhAga pharIthI zabdo je vAparyA che tene vicAra karIe. mULa pAThamAM taiyAra karAvyuM-A vAkyamAMnA ghaNA zabdo Taka kavi zabda che ane tenI pahelAM jarA jagyA khAlI rIte tathA arasaparasanA saMbaMdha para vicAraNA hevAnuM jaNAya che. te khAlI jagyAmAM (1) kayo zabda mAMge che. prathama ApaNe "maryakALamAM uccheda pAmela hovo joIe, athavA te (2) tyAMthI eka paNa akSara vAya laIe. temAM be bhAga che; mauryakALamAM ane guma thayela nathI; A bemAMthI ekTa sthitino vicAra uccheda pAmela. AmAM ucheda pAmela je artha karAyo na karIe paraMtuM te zabdane atyAre jema ukela karAI che tenA mULa pAThamAM varjAi akSaro che. tathA rAjA rahyo che te ja pramANene artha "mairyakALe" ApaNe khAravelane bahaspatimitrane eTale puSyamitrano svIkArI laIe to paNa prazna e rahe che ke, northa samakAlina TharAvavAthI mairyavaMzanI samApti thayA zabda vyAjabI che ke kurica ? athavA bIjI rIte tenuM bAdanA samaye tenI hayAtI TharAvavAmAM AvI che. vAcana hoI zake che ke kema ? tene mATe be traNa A pramANe mAnI levAthI vozine artha "uccheda jAtanA vikalpa sUcavAya tema che. (1) mUriyAsa pAmela" karI levAya te samajI zakAya tevuM che. paraMtu vaNi heya=ghaNu kALa pUrvathI je zrutajJAnane (101) A artha kadAca pheravo paDe tema che. juo kaivalyajJAnano abhAva paNa Ave che. eTale ke ma. saM. 14 AgaLanA pR. 310 mAM avibhAga mATenI carcAnuM lakhANa pachI koIne paNa kaivalyajJAnanI prApti thaze nahIM. khAravela A zabdanI tathA tene lagatI TIkAo. A lekha kotarAyela che te potAnA rAje 13 varSa eTale (102) jainazAstromAM lakhAyela che ke, zrI jaMbusvAmInA 98+13=111mAM ketarAvela che. jethI uparanA banAvane 47 nirvANa pachI (jano samaya ma. sa. 64=I. sa. 5. 463 varSa thayAM kahevAya. jeke kaivalyajJAnane abhAva sUcavyo che dhAyela che. amuka amuka vastune vida thaze temAM paNa te mATe je vivANAna-cauda pUrva nANapaNuM hovuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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anuvAdanI samajUti tRtIya pariccheda ] 309 nAza thavA cAlu thaI gayA che tevuM (2) bIjo vikalpa kuriyana hAi sUcavI zakAya tema che. tenA artha duSkALaneA samaya evA thai zake che. eTale ke jJAnane dhAraNa karavA yeAgya je maraNa zakti hAya che te manuSyamAMthI duSkALanA samayane lIdhe, dhImedhIme kamI thavA mAMDI hatI. eTale ke te zaktinA amuka pramANamAM nAza thavA mAMDayA hatA. vaLI AgaLa jatAM kALa vyatita thatAM,tevI zaktinA taddana abhAva thai jAya jethI zruta jJAnanI prApti ja duzakaya thaI jAya; mATe agAuthI tenuM saMrakSaNa karavAnuM teNe munAsIkha dhAryuM hatuM. ane khuda hAthIcukAnA lekhathI ApaNe jANI cUkayA chIe ke, te samaye "naMdarAjAnA samayathI khAravelanA samaya sudhInA 45 varSanA gALAmAM paNa (jIe pR. 288 vAyelI cAlI ja Ave che. eTale kAinI ajANumAM te rahI gaI hatI tevuM teA khanavA yeAgya ja nathI. temaja duSkALanA samaye pUratA khArAka na maLe eTale zarIrazakti ane sAthesAya zrutajJAnane haiyAmAM-hRdayamAM rAkhI mUkavAnI-smaraNu paTamAM dhArI rAkhavAnI zakti paNa divAsAdivasa kSati103 pAmatI jAya ane pariNAme jJAnaneA amuka bhAga lupta thatA jAya tema. keTalAya lupta paNa thaI gayA heAya; te sthiti samajI zakAya tevI che. tethI ja tene punarUddhAra karavAnuM rAjA khAravele yeAgya dhAryuM che. (3) trIjo vikalpa (vRta) ci vAtanA saMbhave; paraMtu te bahu svIkArya thaI paDe tema nathI kemake mu zabda kayAranA kAtarIja batAvAyA che; jo ekalA 'ricAja 104 hAta te| A sUcanA noMdhAI cUkayA cheja. uparAMta aNuneAMdhyA rahI gayA hAya te vaLI judAM ja ( jue puTa neTa naM. 56nI hakIkata ) tema vaLI bhadrabAhusvAmInA eTale ke chaThThI paMktinA r nA ukalanuM varNana ) e duSkALa tAyAgya thaI paData ane tenA artha ' anya kAi kALe ' tevA AzayavALA levAta. (4) ceAtheA vikalpa juniya=eTale pUrvane lagatuM; jainazAstro-sUtra-siddhAMtanA graMthAne pUrva zabdathI ullekhAya che. jethI atra "puviya" kahetAM caMdragupta mauryanA-samaye (ma. saM. 156thI 170= sa'pUrva'nuM jJAna je Agama graMthAmAM samAyaluM che tenA nAza thaI jatA aTakAvavA mATe, teNe A prakAranuM pagaluM bharyuM hAya. A mauryakALa muriyAi zabda upara eka anya lekhake10pa sudhArA sUcavatAM, peAtAnA vicAra jaNAvyA che te dhyAnamAM levA yeAgya hAIne atra utArIzuM tathA te upara amArA vicAra paNa jaNAvIzuM. temanI pU. 371thI 357 sudhInA 14 varSanA gALAmAM ) e moTA duSkALa magadha dezamAM paDayA che. (jue pu. 2mAM tenuM vRttAMta vaLI jaina zAstromAM jaNAvAyuM che ke bhadrabAhu svAmInA kALa pachI zrutajJAnanI kSati dhIme dhIme vadhatI jaze. ane A prakAranI bhaviSyavANI AgAhI-TheTha zrI mahAvIra bhagavAnanA samayathI jaNA joIe, te te TheTha ma. sa. 170 sudhI eTale mau` caMdra-avasarpiNIkALamAM dareka vastunI avanati thAya che. te niyamAnusAra, varSAtunuM kramI thavuM, aniyamita thavuM ane kALe karIne abhAva paNa thAya; duSkALa paDe; zarIrane kheArAkI tathA pASaNatattva AchAM maLavAthI, manuSyanAM deha, AyuSya, sarIraracanA, smaraNazakti tema ja manuSyane varelI kudaratI anya bakSiseAmAM kevI rIte uNapa AvatI jAya che tenu varNana uparanA ThekANe samajAvyuM che te sarakhAve. eTale rAjA khAravele, je pagaluM zrutasaMrakSaNa mATe bharyuM che temAM tenu DahApaNa tathA dharmaprema jaNAi AvyA vinA raheze nahIM. (104) jIo nIcenI TIkA naM. 106 (105) ja, bI. e. rI. sA. pu. 4. 1918 pR. 3950 mAMnA vRttAMta uparanA sudhArI na', 17, 1. 23pa, guptanA gurUmahArAja zrI bhadrabAhusvAmInA samaya sudhI jaLavAI rahyu che tethI temane aMtima zrutakevaLI kahevAya che. (pu. 2 pR. 151 TI. na. 70). matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, A samaye joke zrutajJAnane amuka gaNatrIe abhAva thavA mAMDayA hatA ja, chatAM 47 varSAM te evaDo meTA kALa nathI, ke jene 'bhUriya'pada lagADI zakAya. paraMtu eka rakrayatA tarIke atre teneA vicAra teA karavA joie, te kAraNathI mAtra ame tenI saMbhavitatA sUcavI che. (103) uparamAM juo TI. na. 56 tathA pu. 1 prathama pariccheda; I. sa. pU. 523 bAda avasarpiNIkALa beThA che.

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30 [ zama khaMDa darakhAsta e che ke, mULa pAThamAM je vAna tariyAlata sattedi muriyAjha jorjina che ane jenA artha vidvA 'paMcAtera lAkhanA (kharcathI) maiAryakALe nAza pAmyuM che tevuM' evA khesAryAM che tene badale vanaMtariya saThiyA te rAnA (mu) riyA,106=In the one hundred and sixty fifth year of the time of the Mauryan kings=mau rAjAnA samaye 165 varSe; A pramANe tenI sUcanA thaI che. eTale ke 165muM varSa temaNe mArya saMvatanuM gaNyuM che ane te samaye rAjA khAravele upara pramANe pustakAhAranuM kArya karI batAvyuM che. pazu have jyAre rAjA khAravelanA samayaja maiArya vaMzanI utpatti thayA pahelAMnA manAya che sATha varSe=98+13+60=ma. sa. 171 varSe mArya rAjyakALe aMgane athavA jainazAstramAM jete pUrva mAe vazva satta zata sa: mAyAna ni=kahevAya che107 te AgamagraMthAne je hrAsa thavAne che tenA punarUddhAranI vAta temaNe karI che. vAta yathArtha paNa che. kemake ma. sa. 170 mAM mahAna jainAcArya zrIbhadrabAhusvAmI jee aMtima zrutavaLI kahevAya che temanuM maraNa thayuM che tathA caMdragupta samrATa dIkSA laIne temanI sAthe dakSiNa hiMdamAM mahIsura rAjye zravaNakhelageAlanA sthAna pAsenA parvata upara dhyAna dharatA rahyA hatA te hakIkata suprasiddha che ( jue pu. 2 mAM pR. 150-1 nI hakIkata ) A samaye zrI bhadrabAhunA paTTadhara sphUlibhadrajIe 08 pustakAhAra karyA hatA ( jue cheM. temaja maiA saMvata jevI keAI vastuja mULe khanIjekaiAkhIkRta kalpasUtranI AvRtti. prastAvanA pR. 11) nathI e puravAra thaI gayuM che eTale tenI carcAmAM utaravApaNuM rahetuM nathI. paraMtu mULa pADatuM vAMcana ja temaNe anyathA prakAre sUcavyuM che tene artha jarUra ApaNe vicAravA rahe che. amArI sUcanA te mATe ema che ke, naisariyane badale anaMtattva=tyAra pachI AvA zabda vAMcavA; eTale ke, vaiduryaratnavALA cAra thAMbhalAe sthApana karyA tyAra pachI mauryakALamAM uccheda pAmatAM, ityAdi ityAdinuM varNana joDI devuM. A pramANe karavAthI zuM artha thAya che te samajI laie. ke savisa te-satane arca sA karyAM che tene khale sATha varasa jAtete, eTale ke rAjA khAravele A lekhanI bhinA kAtarAvyAbAda sATha varSe; matalaba ke ma. saM 98 mAM tenA rAjyAbhiSeka che, te bAda terame varSe A hakIkata banyAnuM noMdhAyuM che ane te pachI He (Bhadrabahu) being the last, who knew all the Parvas=bhadrabAhu chellA hatA ke jemane pUrvAnuM jJAna hatuM ) kahevAne| tAtparya e che ke, ma. sa. 170 pachI, zrutajJAnanI kSati jakharadasta pramANamAM thaI hatI ane thavAnI hatI tenuM bhaviSya te| zrI mahAvIre bhAkhyuMja hatuM; tema uttarAttara temanI pATe AvatA sarve AcAryAM jaNAvatA paNa rahyA hatA; eTale khAravela jevA custa jainadharmIthI te vAta aMdhArAmAM rahI jAya te tA banavA joga hatuM ja nahi. paraMtu mavitavyatA tarIke je vastu banavAnauja che tene aTakAvI zakAya tema nathIja; mATe dhairya dhArI rAkhavuM ane wait & seenA niyama pramANe vastusthiti banyA kare te joyA karavuM, eja upAya rahe che. eTale aMhI voiinane artha nAza pAmeluM ema hAthINuMphAnA lekhanA (106) uparamAM trIne vikalpa (ta) rica hAre e prAre je ame sUcanyA che te atre sarakhAvo (uparanI TI. naM. 104). (107) nue uparanI TI. na. 10ranuM vivecana tathA pR. 309 upara cothA viklpanuM varNana, (108) jaina graMtheAmAM je evI hakIkata che ke zrI bhadrakhAtu jyAre nepALamAM hatA tyAreM pATaliputranA zrIsaMdhanI AjJAthI sthUlIbhadrajI zrI bhadrabAhu pAse zAstra zIkhavA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat gayA hatA, te prasa Mga prathama khanyA che. te samaye zrIbhadrabAhunI hayAtI hatI. te pachI cadraguptane dIkSA devAI che, pAte caMdraguptamuni tathA anya zramaNe| dakSiNamAM gayA che. tyAM temanuM sva^gamana thayuM che. te bAda A pustakAlhAra zrI sthUlIbhadrajInA netRtvapaNAmAM thayeA che, A sthUlabhadrajI te mahAna urphe navamAnanA mukhya pradhAna zakaDALanA meTA putra thAya, temanA samaya mATe ju pu. 1. pu. 329. TI. na', 32 tathA 5, 361, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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311 tRtIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti nahIM, paNa nAza pAmavAnI sthitimAM je kayAranuM He restores the sixty-four section dAkhala thaI cUkyuM hatuM tevuM, e artha karo; kemake Anga, that had become obsolete at je nAza thaI ja cUkyo hoya te pachI tene saMrakSIta the time of the Mauryan king, included rAkhavAne hetuja raheto nathI. in a Saptika=maurya rAjAnA samaye, 64 adhyAya (3) saDhi (cesaTha adhyAyavALA) aMga vALuM aMga (nAmanuM jainazAstra) je naSTa thayuM hatuM saptikane ce bhAga pharIthI taiyAra karAvyo-mULapATha ane jene saptakamAM samAveza thato hato teno roDhi-baMtA-ti turI che; anuvAdake tenI saMskRta punarUddhAra kare che. eTale prathamanA vidvAna 64 mA chAyA rataH zAka a gIce evA vAkayathI karI adhyAya ekalAnI ja mAtra vAta kare che. bIjA che. teno artha upara pramANe thai zake che. 109 A vidhAna 64 adhyAyanA cAra bhAga pADIne temAMnA vAkayanA be vibhAga thAya che. eka saThThi adhyAyane ane chellA bhAganI ja vAta kare che. tyAre trIjA vidvAna bIjo aMga saptikane; temAMnA prathamanI 10 bAbatamAM 64 adhyAyavALA AkhA pustakanI vAta kare che. A U. phalITa nAmanA vidvAnanuM mAnavuM e thAya che ke pramANe traNenA mata bhinna bhinna paDe che. eTale koI And he produces, causes to comeforth prakAranA chevaTa upara AvavuM muzkela bane che. paraMtu (i. e. revises) the sixty-fourth chapter chellA vidvAna De. kenAue potAnA matanI carcA karatAM (or other division) of the collection of eka parivanma zabdanI sUcanA karI che. tene artha seven Angas=sAta aMge (jainAgamanA amuka The first part of Drishtivad=daSTivAda zAstrone A nAmathI oLakhAvAya che)ne samuhamAMnuM (jainadharmanA zAstranuM nAma che) ne prathama bhAga ema 64muM prakaraNa (athavA keI vibhAga) te bahAra pADe kara rahe; ane te pramANe aMga saptikanI sAthe joDatAM, che-pragaTa kare che; eTale ke amuka Agama graMthane 64 me daSTivAdane aMge The Anga consisting of adhyAya-sarga je che te eka ja bhAga pragaTa kare che. sixty sections=je aMgasUtramAM 60 sarga-adhyAya tyAre 5. jAyasvAlajI e mata jAhera kare che ke 11 -prakaraNe che te artha besAro joIe. A sUcanA The four fold (for the fourth) Anga- upADI laIne mi. rAmaprasAda caMdA, teno artha ema Saptika of 64 sections, lost in the sUcave che ke, that only sixty-four were time of the Maurya (king) he restores included in the recension restored by 4 adhyAyanuM aMga saptika ke jenA cAra prakAramAMnuM Kharvel=khAravela je avRtti karIne stha eka (2) (cothuM) maurya rAjAnA samaye naSTa thayuM hatuM temAM 64 no ja samAveza thato hato. A pramANe te pharIne lakhAve che. eTale ke aMga saptika nAme vASaNizanA bhAvArthanI bhAMjagaDa samajavI. tevI ja pAchI graMthamAM 64 adhyAya che. te cAra vibhAgamAM goThavAyela rijhavALA bIjA vibhAganI paNa che. Do. kenAunA che, te cAra vibhAgamAMno cothe teNe pharIne pragaTa karyuM mata pramANe satiza zabdane, prAkRtamAM sattA ane che. tyAre De. kenAu nAmanA vidvAna vaLI trIjA ja saMskRtamAM kSatija jevo thAya che eTale te barANika prakAre mAnatA jaNAya che. temane mata ema che ke 12 vALA AkhA zabdane artha a treatise com (10) A viSayane lagatI ghoDIka carcA AgaLa upara (11) jIo i. hi. kA~. pu. 5. 129 kALane prasaMga ane pustakoddhArane saMbaMdha'vALA pArAmAM pR. 589. 'karI che. temaja uparanI TIka naM. 56 mAM jue. (12) jue eTA orIenTelIA pu. 1, 5.19 (10) jue ja. je. e. se. 1910 pR. 827. tathA che. hi. kavai. pu. 5. 1929, 5. 189.

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hAthIguMphAnA lekhanA [ dazama khaMDa sAMbhaLatAM ane anubhava karatAM--AmAM mULa pAThe khemarAjA sa vaDharAjA sa bhikhurAjA dhamarAjA-- evA zabdo che. matalaba ke, jema khemarAjA (kSemarAja) ane vaDharAnta (vRddhirAja)ne chUTA gaNavA mATe vacce sa zabda mUkayA che tema bhikhurAjA (bhikhkhuMrAjakhAravela) ane dhamarAjA (dharmarAja) te banne nAmeA chUTaka vyaktionAM hAta tA te sUcavavA zabda mUkAyA hai|ta paNu tema karAyuM nathI jethI spaSTa thAya che ke, te banne eka ja vyaktinAM nAma che. ane jyAre rAjA khAravele dharmajyaMtanAM aneka kSetrAmAM pratIka samAM dharmakAryo karI batAvyAM che tyAre tenuM nAma dharmarAja paNa kharAbara baMdhamesatuM lAge che ema jarUra kahI zakAze. A uparathI siddha thayuM ke rAja khAravelane, bhikhkhurAja ane dharmAMrAjanAM nAmethI paNa oLakhAvAtA hatA--kalyANA dekhatAM, sAMbhaLatAM, ane anubhavatAM kahevAnA artha e che, ke zilAlekhamAM upara pramANe je nirdiSTa karAyalAM athavA teNe karI batAvelAM dharmakAryo che te sarva leAkanAM kalyANa mATenAM ja che, evuM teNe dekhatAM-najare joyuM che, sAMbhaLatAM- parApUrvathI tevuM sAMbhaLatA AvyA chetathA anubhavatAMtene svAnubhavamAM satya paNa lAgyuM che. AmAM kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, teNe je dharmakAryo karyAM che, te mAtra dekhAdekhIthI ke koInA kahevA mAtrathI ja karyA che ema nathI, paraMtu potAne jAti anubhavathI te sarva kAryanI tathAprakAranI vAstavikatA paNu samajAI che ane tethI ja teNe te karyA che. A pramANenI prasiddhi karatAM tenA manamAM nIce varNavAmAM AvyA che te prakAranA aMtaranAdaAtmasaMtoSa paNa thayA hatA ke kema, te jo ke kharAbara vyakta thatuM nathI, paraMtu vartamAna kALe jaina sAhityamAM vAraMvAra eka ukti kheAlAtI saMbhaLAya che, ke 'karaNa karAvaNa ane anumedana, traNe sarakhAM kLa nIpajAve '=krAi kArya pAte karavuM, khIjA pAse karAvavuM temaja (3) bhikSurAje dharmarAje kalyANA dekhatAM, koSa trIne karatA hAya tenI anumeAdanA karavI (sAmAM ra prising of seven chapters=je graMthamAM sAta paricchede 113 AvelA che ema karavA paDe che. bhale A artha vAstavika hAvAnuM dare, chatAM eka khIjo artha paNa vicAra karavAnuM mAgI lye che. je pratiSThatA atha sattA karyA che tene badale sadiza eTale TIkA sahita ema artha kAM na karavA ? tema karatAM AkhAye vAkayane artha ema thaze ke, ceAsaTha adhyAyavALA aMgazAstronI athavA dRSTivAda aMga je luptaprAya thatuM jatuM hatuM tenI saTika AvRtti rAnna khAravele taiyAra karAvI. A sUcana kAMIka vyAjakhI paNa Thare tema che, kemake zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI je samrATa caMdraguptanA gurU thatA hatA ane jemanA zAsanakALama. saM. 156 thI 170= I. sa. pU. 371 thI 357 nA gaNAya che, temaNe paNa amuka zAstrone vinAzamAMthI bacAvavA, cAra prakAranI TIkA (cANa, avara, vRtti ane niyukti) racI che; te prakAre rAjA khAravele paNa, svayaMsphuraNAthI hAya ke pachI te vakhatanA prakhara-prabhAvazALI kAI nAcAryanI preraNAthI hAya, paraMtu temaNe te luptaprAya thavAnA ke thatA, zAstranA te bhAgane, sAcavI rAkhavA prayatna sevyeA hAya ema dekhAya che. eTale 5. jAyasvAlajIe four-fold=cAra prakAre evA artha besAryAM che te amArI uparanI sUcanAne samarthana Ape che. vaLI satainI pAchaLa turIya zabda joDela che; tenA artha 'ceAtheA' karAya che te vicAratAM, uparamAM je cAra prakAranI TIkAenAM nAme ApyAM che temAMthI chellA niryuktinA nAme je oLakhAya che, teja temaNe khAsa racAvI hAya ema samajAya che. eTale AkhIe paktinA sAra e thaze ke, je dRSTivAda pUrva, duSkALanA samayane aMge (tenI asaranA pratApe) vistRta thatuM jatuM hatuM tenI cAra TIkAmAMnI chellI niryukitanuM saMrakSaNa rAjA khAravele karyuM--pharIthI taiyAra karAvI nAMkhI. je (153) jainazAstramAM jene 'ga'nA nAmathI eLakha. krAimAM sAta prakaraNa hAya te| temaneA mata cayA gaNAya. trAmAM Ave che. tenI sakhyA agiyAranI che. je temAMthI

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vatIya paricheda ] anuvAdanI samajUti 313 che ema bhAvanA rAkhavI) te traNe sthitinuM eka paDatAM kAryamAM mUkavAnI tatparatA paNa teNe sevI che; sarakhuM ja phaLa-lAbha che ema samajavuM; te uktine ema jaNAvavA pitAne badhA prakAranA maMdiranI bhAvArtha tenA A zabda-dekhatAM, sAMbhaLatAM ane marAmata karAvanAra tarIke paNa lekhavyo che. matalaba ke, anubhavatAM-nI sAthe tulanA karavA mATe raju karyo che. eka rAjA pote eka dharma pALatA hoya ane potAnI (17) sattaramI paMkita-badhA paMtheno Adara praja anya dharma pALatI hoya te te bAbata teNe manamAM karanAra, badhA prakAranA) maMdironI marAmata karAvanAra jarA paNa lAvavuM nahIM. eTale ke kevaLa nirapekSAvRtti--pravRtta cakavALA rAjarSivaMza viniHsRta rAjA udAsIna vRtti mAtra dhAraNa karavI-sahiSNutA dAkhavavI khAravela ema nahIM, paraMtu jarUra paDe to temAM hamadardI batAvI, (ba) A badhA paMthane Adara karanAra mULapATha pite temAM rAI che e batAvavA prajAnAM dharmasthAne hAra-jUno che. pAkhaMDano artha vartamAna kALe jyAM marAmata mAge tyAM rAjadharma lekhI tenI marAmata jema DhoMganA rUpamAM karAya che tema te vakhate vaparAto paNa karAvI devI joIe evI potAnI rAjanIti nahetA . pASA eTale svamAnita dharmathI anya hatI ema teNe spaSTapaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM che. mata, evA sAmAnya arthamAM ja te vaparAte dekhAya (bA) pravRttacakravALA rAjarSivaMza viniHsRta-A che; A artha tenA pitAnA ja zabdothI siddha badhA zabdonI samajUti uparamAM 14 mI paMkitanuM karI Apyo che. teNe pote pasaMDa-pUjaka tarIke vivecana karatAM tathA lekhanA pracalita artha utAratAM pitAne lekhAvyo che. vicAre ke je Dhaga-daMbha ke (juo pR. 28,79 tathA TIkAo) jaNAvI gayA chIe te Azaya temAM rahyo hota, te potAne mATe pAcho eTale vizeSa vivecananI have apekSA rahetI nathI. pUjaka zabda kadI te sAthe joData khare? eTale siddha ahIM AkhA lekhanI samajUti pUrI thAya che. thAya che ke, anya dharma e sAmAnya artha ja teNe karyo temAM jyAM banyuM tyAM zabdAvya ApI ane vAkyanA che. vaLI samrATa priyadazine paNa khaDakalemAM te ja bhAvArtha samajAvI, pracalita mAnyatAthI kayAM kayAM muddAmAM vAparyo che. A zabdathI pote eka rAjA tarIke amAre mata judo paDe che te sarva khAsa dalIlapUrvaka ane anya dharma vize kevo mata dharAve che te jAhera kare sakAraNa batAvI ApyuM che. te bemAMthI kayo mArga vadhAre che eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu potAnA vacanane, prasaMga baMdhabesate gaNAya te vAcakavarga jevuM rahe che. (1) jema pAkhaMDa sArA 15mAM vaparAto ane hAla aneka vakhata darzana de che. tema jaina sAhityamAM paNa aniSTa 35mAM vaparAya che tema te samaye aniSTa gaNAtA aneka vakhata vaparAte dekhAya che. sarva ThekANe tene artha hoya chatAM atyAre ISTa gaNAtA hoya tevA paNa zabda iSTa 15mAM ja thayo che. paraMtu saMskRta zabdakeSamAM ke bauddha maLI Ave che. tenA daSTAMtamAM vANAMpraya' zabda sAhityamAM te zabda, mukhanA bhAvArthamAM vaparAtA hovAnuM karI zakAze. sUcana hoya evuM samajAya che. pAkhaMDanA artha mATe 5 2 A devAnAM priya rAkha, priyadarzinanA khaDalekhamAM 5. 335. TI. naM. 49 jue. Yo Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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*tii *, * , , * * * * - * * * Us: kAkaTa S -= :: : : : : . Bkasa :: : : 1 :: . ' Ser * . *-: ja . - ' * * , . " . - R , *.* . , * * . *, caturtha pariccheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) hAthIguMphAnA lekhanI carcA TUMkasAra-rAjA khAravele karAvela pustakedvAra sAthenI batAvI Apela duSkALanI saMyukti mahAvijaya ane ahaMta zabda upara karela vivecana-mahAvijayaprAsAdanA sthAna bAbata calAvela tapAsa- je kaliMgajInamUrti mATe, magadhapati ane kaliMgapati vacce traNa traNa peDhIthI khaDAkhaDI--khaTAkhaTa cAlI AvatI hatI tenuM sAmAnya dRSTie prathama batAvela mahAbhyate mUti vize taTastha vidvAno temaja sAMpradAyika vivecakanAM maMtavye TAMkIne, ubhA karelA soLeka muddAo- dareke dareka muddA upara aitihAsika paristhiti laIne karela paryAcanA tathA te samastanI guMthaNa-te thayela guMthaNImAMthI niSpanna thatA sAranuM karela uccAraNatemAMthI udbhavatAM pariNAma-tathA tevA pariNAma sAthe anya saMganI ghaTanAne meLa utare che ke kema tenI lIdhela bArika tapAsa sAta tIrthadhAma vizenI ApelI samajUti (jaina ane hiMduonI daSTie)-bhUti vizenA Avela maMtavya upara, saMzodhana calAvavA karela vinaMti-dharma, saMskRti ane saMskAra vize karelI thoDIka carcA-mUti ane mUrtipUjA vizenA samayanI samaja rAjA khAravelanuM nAma sAMpradAyika sAhityamAM, kema dRSTie nathI paDatuM te saMbaMdhI karelAM anumAne-

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caturtha pariccheda ]. anuvAdanI samajUti 315 hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM paktivAra vivaraNa karatAM, paristhitine viccheda thayo manAya che. eTale ke te pakti 16mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke vophinane artha, samaya bAda A avasarpiNI kALamAM koIne te nAza thaI gayela destroyed jJAnanI prApti thavAnI ja nathI ema jainazAsanuM haSkALane prasaMga na karatAM, jeno nAza thavo kathana che; te mATe temane aMtima kevaLI kahevAya che. te ane pustakAra- cAlu thaI gayo che=which sivAya eka bIjI sthitinA kevaLI paNa kahevAya che. ne saMbaMdha is being destroyed evA temanuM birUda "zrutakevaLI' che. teone jJAna paratve te rUpamAM karavAnuM che. tenA TekAmAM kevaLI jeTaluM jJAna hovAnuM gaNAya che, paraMtu bIjI keTalIka ema paNa jaNAvyuM hatuM ke, je vastune nAza ja thaI Avazyaka sthitine temanAmAM abhAva hovAthI kevaLagayo che te pachI tenuM rakSaNa karavuM te kathana ja jJAnanI prApti temane thaI zakatI nathI. A pramANe behuduM gaNAya tema che. vaLI jyAre rAjA khAravelano kevaLI ane zrutakevaLIne taphAvata che. AvA kRtasamaya mauryakALanI pUrve hovAnuM puravAra thaI cUkayuM kevaLImAM zrI bhadrabAhu chevaTanA thayA gaNAya che; je che, tyAre tenA samaya bAda ja-maiAryakALe lupta thavAnuM caMdragupta samrATanA guru hatA temaja, mahAnaMda urphe navamA je sarajAyuM che tene mATe te vonine prayoga karI naMdanA eka mahAamAtya akALanA jyeSTha putra tathA zake? ke bhaviSyakALa sUcaka vinati athavA te tene bIjA eka mahAamAtya priyakajInA vaDIla baMdhu maLate prAkRta zabda vApare? uparAMta muci hAre ne sthUlabhadrajInA paNa te guru thatA hatA. A aMtima badale sura zAse vadhAre ucita gaNAya tema che. je zrutakevaLI zrI bhadrabAhuno dIkSA samaya ma. sa. 139 maurya kahevAno hetu heta te muricane sthAne rya ane svargagamana ma. saM. 170mAM gaNAya che. kahevAnI zabda vApare ThIka gaNAta. matalaba e che ke ma. sa. 64 thI 170 sudhInA 106 jo ke atra AlekhavAnI hakIkata keTaleka daraje varSanA gALAmAM mRta jJAna-jJAnarUpe te sacavAI rahyuM jainadharmane aMge che. paraMtu temAM etihAsika tatva hatuM ja. paraMtu jema samaya AgaLa vadhe te hatA, samAyeluM che tethI tene jaNAvavI paDe che. pu. 2.pR. 31nI ane vAraMvAra duSkALa paDaye jatA hatA, tema manuSyanI TI. naM. 126mAM zrI mahAvIranI paTTAvalI ApI che. te zaktio paNu kSINa thatI jatI hatI. eTale jJAna uparathI jaNAze ke temanI bIjI gAdIe zrI jaMbu thayA atyAra sudhI je anaikriya hatuM te dhIme dhIme apriya che ane temane jJAnaprApti 20mAM thatAM temanI gAdIe banyuM jatuM hatuM. vaLI smRtinI zakti anaitiya gaNAya temanA ziSya AvyA che. paraMtu te jJAnIdazAmAM 44 varSa che eTale ke A samaya sudhI smRtipaTamAM jJAna rahI rahIne ma. sa. 64mAM mekSane pAmyA che ane tyArathI zakatuM hatuM paNa have tene kSaya thavA mAMDayo hato. tema hvanya jJAnane tathA te sAthe anya keTalIka Avazyaka bIjI sthiti e hatI ke aMtima zrata kevaLIzrI bhadrabAhane (1) kevaLajJAna prApta thayuM eTale te jIvane saMsAranuM pote 4 varSa paryaMta jIvaMta rahyA che. baMdhana TI javAnuM che eTaluM nakkI thayuM ja gaNAya; jyAre (2) vaLI jue pu. 2, 5, 151 tathA tenI TIkA. gAdI upara rahIne caturvidha saMghanI doravaNI karavI te saMsA- () spa, rasa, bANa, cakSu ane mAtra ema zarIranI rika kAryamAM gaNAya che. mATe javuM kevaLajJAna prApta thAya pAMca iMdriya che tenAthI jJAna prApta thAya te driya kahevAya ke te cha gAdI uparathI utarI javuM ja rahe. pachI kevaLI ane iMdriya sivAya jenI prApti karAya te anaikiya. kevaLajJAna avasthAmAM bhale game teTalo kALa jIvaMta rahe. eTale ahIM zrI te anai driyanI kakSAmAM Ave che. A samaya pachI tene jaMbune ma. sa. 20mAM gAdI uparathI utarI javuM paDayuM che. dhIme dhIme lepa thavA mAMDe hato ema kahevAno bhAvArtha che ne te sthAne temanA para AvyA che, jo ke te bAda (4) sarakhA nIcenI TIka naM. 7.

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3 4 ... ...... ziyita gaNArI, 316 mahAvijaya ane ahaMta [ dazama khaMDa artha sahita sarve pUrva ane aMganuM jJAna hatuM, jyAre temanA rahyuM hatuM tene jALavI rAkhavAnA prayatna mATe ziSya sthUlabhadrajIne amuka pUrvanuM artha sahita ane uparokata sthUlibhadrajInA netRtva nIce saghaLA zramaNonI zeSanuM artha vinAnuM jJAna hatuM. A pramANe ma. sa. 64thI sabhA belAvI hatI. jene pATaliputranI vAcanA tarIke kSaya thatA jJAnane sAcavI rAkhavAnI jarUrIAta ubhI itihAsamAM prasiddhi maLI che. A badhuM lAMbu vivecana thatI jatI hatI. tevAmAM tro khAravela prabaLa parAkramI karavAnI matalaba e che ke, dhArmika graMthomAM varNavAyelI tho ke jeNe te kArya upADI lIdhuM hatuM. A kArya je paristhiti che tene zilAlekha jevA mahatvanA teNe 98+14mAM varSa=ma. saM. 112=I. sa. pU. aitihAsika purAvAthI samarthana maLe che ane agnimAM 415 mAM pAra utAryuM gaNAya. varNavelA banAvo arasaparasanI pUravaNurUpe garaja sAre jema uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe jJAnanI kSati che. A pramANe rAjA khAravele je pustakeddhAra karAvyo thaye jatI hatI, tema pR. 290. TI. na. paTamAM jaNAvyA che te zabdane supiyAtri tarIke vAMcave vadhAre pramANe varSARtunuM aniyamitapaNuM paNa vAraMvAra dekhAvamAM AvyuM jatuM hatuM. pariNAme duSkALa paNa uparA- mahArAjA khAravele pote chetarAvela zilAlekhanI uparI paDaye jatA hatA. jemAM rAjA naMda ane khAravelanA pakita 9 ane 10mAM "rAjabhavanarUpa mahAviye" samaye duSkALa paDayAnI hAthIguphAmAM noMdha levAI che. ane "ahaMta" A be zabdo tema be vakhata caMdragupta mauryanA samaye paNa paDayA hatA. mahAvijaya ane vAparyA che tathA "ADatrIsa prathama jyAre paDe tyAre zrI bhadrabAhasvAmI nepALamAM ahaMta zabda upara- lAkha"nuM dravya temAM vAparyuM hatuM birAjatA hatA ane sthUlibhadrajI pATaliputramAM hatA. no prakAza ema paNa bhArapUrvaka jaNAvyuM duSkALanI asarane lIdhe sthUlabhadrajIne jJAnanI UNapa che. A zabdo khAsa vivecana rahevA mAMDI hatI te pUrNa karavA zrI saMghanI AjJAthI mAMgI rahyA che. teo potAnA guru pAse nepALamAM jaIne pUrI karI ApaNe have suparicIta thaI gayA chIe ke pUrva AvyA hatA. tevAmAM pAcho bIje duSkALa paDavAnA kALe rAjAo, pitAnA nAmanI kevaLa vAhavAha bhaNakArA vAgavA maMDayA. te samaye gurUmahArAja te belAvarAvavA mATe ja "kAMi kArya karatA nahIM. AthI dakSiNa hiMdamAM javA keTalAka parivAra sAthe nIkaLI karIne temanI aitihAsika hakIkate tAravavAne gayA hatA, paraMtu keTalAka, jeo bhavitavyatA baLavAna itihAsakArone aneka muzkelIomAM utaravuM paDe che; che ema gaNIne, uttara hiMdamAM-magadhamAM ja che chatAM eTaluM te dekhAya ja che ke jyAre lekakalyANanuM AsapAsanA mulakamAM rahI gayA hatA, teoe te ati mahattvanuM kArya teo karatA, tyAre teTalA pUrata dvitIya duSkALa pUrA thatAM, jeTaluM jJAna sacavAI ja, na chUTake pitAnA nAmane kicita ullekha karI (5) A sthUlibhadrajIne sAta bahena hatI temaNe dIkSA (8) pu. 2mAM sikkA prakaraNamAM A kathananAM udAharaNa (8) 5. mAM sikkA prakaraNamA mA tha lIdhI hatI. teo saMsArIpaNe hatA tyAre temane paNa smata aneka maLI Avaze te juo. temAM jaNAvela che ke koI jJAna amuka pramANamAM hatuM. te mATe juo pu. 1. pU. rAjA potAnAM nAma, cahere ke koI vastu katarAvatAM nahIM; 362 TI. naM. 43 pu. 2. pU. 30. temaja priyadarzina jevAnA zilAlekho paNa A vAtanI sAkSI (6) juo pu. 2. 5. 119, TI. 21; pu. 2. pR. 201. pUrI batAvI rahyA che. vaLI A khaMDano dvitIya pario TI, naM. 138 tathA caMdraguptanuM vRttAMta. jevAthI khAtrI thaze. pote cedipati hovA chatAM, temaja (7) jue pu. 2. 5. 170 TIkA naM. 22. pu. 2. naMdavaMzIo, mauryavaMzIo paNa mahAna samrATe hevA chatAM pU. 29 thI 32, temAMthI koIe paNa potAne saMvatsara sahAMta sthApo nathI,

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317 caturtha pariccheda zabda uparano prakAza vALatA. temAM ce jyAMsudhI banatuM, tyAMsudhI te pitAnA ema bane bhinna heya, te te jagyA mATe ke te kArya nAmane badale kAMIka sAMketika cinhane upayoga mATe, aMgulinirdeza karatA (Demonstrative karIne patAvI detA hatA. rAjA khAravele paNa uparanA words this very spot or that very deed) siddhAMtanuM anukaraNa karyuM hoya ema tenA lekhanI zabdo vAparatA nathI. mAtra medhama ja zabda vAparIne bhASA uparathI joI zakAya che. te pote ekAMtare . jaNAve che ke amuka samaye amuka kArya karyuM hatuM. atra ekAMtare-eTale ke eka varSa mUkIne bIje varSe AvAM ApaNe joIe chIe ke rAjA khAravele te samaya, lekahitanAM kAryo te karyo jato ja hato, chatAM A sthAna ke banAva, koIne paNa saMbaMdha rAkhyA vinA be paMkitamAM jevo spaSTa nirdeza karyo che tevo bIjI sarva banAvo eka ja sthAnamAM ane eka ja lekhamAM jagyAe karyo nathI ja. eTale samajAya che ke A varNavI dIdhAM che eTale temAM AlekhelI sarva hakIkata kAryo tene pitAne kadAca ati mahattvanAM temaja bhavi- ekalA kaliMgane ja lAgu paDatI hatI ema mAnavAnuM SyanI prajAne vizeSa upakAraka nIvaDavAnuM lAgyuM haze. nathI. ba9ke kaliMgane uddezIne je spaSTa vaktavya karAyuM ATaluM prastAvika vivecana karI have ApaNe heya, teja mAtra kaliMga paratvanuM che ane bAkInuM sarva AgaLa vadhIzuM. rAjA khAravela pite kaliMgapati hate je kAMI lakhAyuM che te anya pradezane aMge che ema tethI teNe mahAvijayaprAsAda baMdhAvyAnuM tathA ADatrIsa samajI levuM joIe. A niyama pramANe vicAratAM lAkha dravya temAM khacAyAnuM je lakhyuM che te A naM. 9 ane 10 mI paMktimAM darzAvela prAsAdanirmANa kaliMga dezane athavA te hAthIguphAnA sthAnane Azra- ane temAM kharcela dravyavALI hakIkata kaliga deza (nahIM yIne ja hovuM joIe ema sarva vidvAnonuM mAnavuM ke kaliMga rAjya) sivAya anya bhUmine lagatI hovAnuM thAya che. jyAre te lekhamAM vaparAyelI ibArata uparathI nakkI thAya che. eTale vicAra kare rahe che ke te A prAsAdane lagatI hakIkata kaliga sivAyanI anya kayo pradeza haze? lekhanI hakIkata te sarva dakSiNa bhUmine aMge lakhAyelI heya ema amAruM mAnavuM hiMdane lagatI che. have teNe je je deze dakSiNa hiMdamAM thAya che. kemake (1) sAmAnya niyama hamezAM e gaNAya chatI lIdhA che temAM palava, pAMDavyA, ane madurAnAM che ke, je kaI rAjA pote meLavela vijayanuM athavA nAme te spaSTa jaNAvI ja dIdhAM che, eTale te vaIne to leka hitanA karela anya kAryanuM vivecana karavA pachI je bhUmi bAkI rahI te samajAvavA pUratuM mAMDe ane te potAnA ja mulakamAM kotarAvavAno prasaMga teno manasUbo haze ema puravAra thAya che. ane tevI ubho thayo hoya te, te lakhANamAM matra, mAM, mAvA, ke bhUmi te mAtra colA rAjyanI ja rahI jAya che ema bAvA bano I. I. aMguli nirdeza karatAM (demon- bhUgoLa zIkhavADe che. athavA jene ApaNe A strative forms of places or things) pustakanA varNana karavAnA samaye dhanakaTaka-enakaTakaspaSTatAsUcaka zabdo vApare che; paraMtu je kotarAyelA bennATakanA rAjya tarIke oLakhAvyuM che te lekhanuM sthAna ane temAM Alekhela hakIkatanuM sthAna, bhUmi ja te hevI joIe ema A uparathI samajAya (9) priyadarzinanuM sAMketika cinha hAthI che.khAravele paNa pUrve rAjadhAnI vizeSaNa jevuM che, ema batAvavAnuM ke A hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM Adi ane aMtamAM potAnuM cihna pradezanI rAjadhAnI je talasayAmAM hatI temAM nahera lAvavAmAM vAparyuM lAge che (zuM te barAbara jaNAtuM nathI) juo je. sA. AvI: nahIM te medhamamAM ja rAjadhAnI zabda zuM na lakhI saM. pu. 3. pR. 382 TI. naM. 14). zakata ! paNa spaSTIkaraNa je karI batAvyuM che te sthAnika prasaMga (10) eTale ke Words denoting that particu- hoIne tenI cokhavaTa karavA mATe ja dekhAya che. edeta amuka sthAna athavA nA kAryonA (1) A dhanakaTakanI hada, rAjadhAnI ItyAdi hakIkta ullekha karIne zabdo vApare che; jemaketalasUyAnI sAthe tenI mATe juo 5. 1, 5. 150thI 162nuM varNana

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318 mahAvijya ane ahaMta [ dazAma khaMDa che; tathA mahAvijaya nAmane prAsAda, maMdira, caitya tevuM te dhIkatuM baMdara hovuM joIe. A bennAtaTa ke dharmasthAna je kahevuM dhaTe te kaho, te paNa tyAM ja nagaranI sthiti, je I. sa. pU. 58mAM hatI teja teNe sADI ADatrIsa lAkhano kharca baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema A rAjA khAravelanA samaye I. sa. pU. 425 mAM AkhI carcAne sAra nIkaLe che. paNa hatI. kadAca kiMcita jUna thaI heya-juo khAravelanA A kArya vizeno ATalo tAga magadhapati udayAjanuM vRttAMta; jo ke tema banavA kAraNa meLavyA pachI, bIjI keTalIka hakIkata meLavavI bAkI rahe nathI balka ema kahe ke, mahArAjA priyadarzinanA che. te mATe dhanakaTaka dezane itihAsa tapAsa joIe samaye eTale i. sa. pUnI trIjI sadInA aMta sudhI je temAMthI kAMI labhya thAya che ke kema? rAjA zreNika ane tethI paNa thoDAM varSa vItI gayA bAda, tenI jAheathavA bibisAranuM vRttAMta lakhatAM jaNAvAyuM che ke, jalAlI khUba khUba pramANamAM jaLavAI rahI hatI te pite I. sa. pU. 580mAM magadhapati thayo, te ema dekhAya che, kemake aMdhrapati rAjA pulumAvInA 3 pUrvenAM aDhI traNa varSa tene bennAtaTa nagare gALavAM je sikkA kerAmAMDala kinArA uparathI be be saDhavALA paDayAM hatAM. te samaye paradezI sodAgaranI eka vaNa- maLI AvyA che, te uparathI te hakIkata siddha thAya jAra AvyAno prasaMga varNavyo che. temAM jaNAvAyuM che. paraMtu te samaya bAda jyAre tene nAza thayo haze che ke vaNajAranA mAlanuM mUlya cUkAvI ApavAne te viSaya atyAranA prasaMgane sparza karatuM na hovAthI khUda rAjAne kezAgAra paNa sazakata naheAte; jethI ApaNe tenI carcAmAM utaravA jarUra nathI. eka sAmAnya vepArI jevA gaNAtA gopALa nAmanA A pramANe hAthIguphAnA zilAlekha jevA, upara zreSThinI vakhAramAM DhagalAbaMdha tejatarI je paDI hatI varNavelA aitihAsika purAvAthI have puravAra thaI te vaDe tenuM mUlya cUkavAyuM hatuM. A vAta atyAre jAya che ke rAjA khAravele bennAtaTanA pradezamAM sADI cItaravAno Azaya eTaluM batAvavA pUrato ja che ke ADatrIsa lAkha kharacIne mahAvijaya te samaye benAtaTa nagara ati vipula pramANamAM dharma praNita, meTe eka caityaprAsAda baMdhAvyo hate. mRddhi dharAvatuM, aneka dezanA sAhasika ane mAthuM eka bAju A sthiti che. bIjI bAju zodhakhoLa kere mUkIne kAma karanArA vyApArIonI avarajavaravALuM khAtuM ema jaNAvI rahyuM che ke, bennAtaTanA pradezamAM tathA dhanADhaya vaNikethI vaseluM zahera hatuM. tema moTuM amarAvatI-ane dharaNIkeTa jyAM hAla AvI vasyAM nagara hAIne, teno vistAra paNa moTA pramANamAM che te sthAnamAMthI moTo eka dharmastUpa maLI AvelA he joIe e dekhItuM che. bake ema paNa mAnavuM che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa te sthAna upara athavA tenI rahe che ke, magadhanI rAjadhAnIvALAM rAjagRhI ane AsapAsa, koI moTuM zahera asalanA samaye hovuM pATaliputra nagarane paNa, kayAMya vaTAvamAM mUkI de joIe ema cokkasa sthiti darzAve che. trIjI bAju (12) je samayanI ApaNe ahiM vArtA utArI che inscriptions we have of Pulumavi and Yagna(I. sa. pU. 583580 pahelAM be traNa varSanI vAta) te shree from Amravati=amarAvatImAMthI pulamAvI ane samaye pATaliputranI sthApanA paNa nahotI thaI tenI yajJazrInA zilAlekha ApaNane maLI Ave che. thApanA I. sa. pU. 493mAM thaI che. juo pu. 1, rAna A pulumAvInA ane yajJazrInA samaya mATe juo . dayAjanuM varNana) paraMtu rAjA khAravelane samaya to I. sa. 5muM. aMdhapatinA vaMzanI AkhI vaMzAvaLI zodhIne ubhI pU. 430thI 394no che. te samaye pATaliputranI nahoja- karI batAvI che ( yajJazrIne samaya I. sa. . 98thI 280 lAlI nirmita thaI cUkI hatI mATe atra tenI sarakhAmaNI che ane pulamAvIne 280thI 244 che). karavAno prasaMga lIdho che. (1) A. sa. sa. I. 5.1 (nyu ImpIrIala sIrIjha (17) juo A rI, sa. I. pu. 1, 5. 5-The 6) 5. 13: prA. bhAta pu. 1, 5. 162

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caturtha pariccheda ] zabda uparane prakAza 319 30-12-39nA paripatrathI madrAsa sarakAranA zodhakhoLa leITa naM. 39mAM varNana karatAM karatAM jaNAvAyuM che khAtAe I. sa. 1930mAM jAhera karyuM che ke, gatura ke, zilAlekhamAM bahaMta zabda lakhela che. tema rAjA chalAmAM bejhavADA zahera najIkathI eka meTa maTha khAravele 'mahAvijya' nAme eka prAsAda mAhaMta dhamanI maLI Avyo che. vaLI kRSNA nadInA A prAMtanuM tathA praNAlikAnI siddhi arthe sADI ADatrIsa lAkha dravya tene lagatA anya pradezanuM saMzodhana karIne je graMthA kharcane banAvyAnuM potAnA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyuM che. bahAra paDI cUkyA che temAM Avela hakIkatanuM A pramANanA banne ThekANe zilAlekhanA ja zabdo ekIkaraNa karIzuM te mAluma thAya che ke kRSNa nadInA che. tenuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM to turata kalpanA karI mukha AgaLane (kRSNanA DelTAvALo ) A sarva levAya che, ke te baMne hakIkata ekaja sthAna paratvenA pradeza mahA gauravavaMte pratibhAsaMpanna tathA smRddhi- kAryane aMge vaparAyalI hevI joIe. eka ThekANe zALI hovo joIe. te pradezanA pATanagarane mAtra 3 mahAvijaya kahyo che bIjAmAM mAtra mahAcaitya kahyo che. mAIlanA vistAranuM gaNI, dhanakaTaka ane amarAvatI bIjI bAju te amarAvatI stUpanAM dazyo, kAragiri, jevAM sthAna upara tene AveluM gaNavuM ke bejhavADA ane zilpakaLAnAM surekha citro tathA tenA sthApatyane gaMturanI AsapAsanI jagyAmAM paMdara vIsa mAIlane ApaNe jyAre nihALIe chIe tathA tenA mUlya vize vistAra rAkI patharAI gayeluM lekhavuM, athavA to tene kAMIka AMka mukavAno prayatna karIe chIe tyAre rAjA eka moTuM nagara kalpI, uparanAM sarve sthAne te khAravele sADI ADatrIsa lAkha dravya kharcAnuM je nagaranA akeka parA tarIke lekhavuM (jema muMbaI ane jaNAvyuM che tenI yathArthatA jaNAI Ave che. A tenA parA vistAra keTalAye mAIla sudhI laMbAyela prakAranI badhI paristhitimAM, te amarAvatInA stUpane gaNAya che tema ); te che, jene jema sUjhe tema rAjA khAravelanI kRti tarIke je ApaNe svIkArIe anumAna bAMdhI le; paraMtu ekaMdare eTalI vastusthiti temaja tene tenA jaina dharmanA ghAtaka tarIke lekhIe, te te jaLavAI ja rahe che ke, A benAtaTane pradeza kAMI anyAya karyo kahevAze nahi.vaLI A stUpanA saMzAte samaye samasta dakSiNa bhAratavarSamAM eka anokhuM- dhakamekanajhI sAhebanA maMtavya pragaTa thayA bAda te vizene ja sthAna bhogavI rahyo hate. sAmAnya mata ke pharI gayo che te nIcenA zabdomAM ATalI sthiti spaSTa karyA pachI je amarAvatI tenA prakAzake vyakta karyo che. temaNe prathama te jaNAvyuM tapa tarIke oLakhAvAyo che temAM AvelI keTalIka che ke 8Long after Col. Mackenzie's time, hakIkta tarapha ApaNe dhyAna kheMcIzuM. A amarA- that it was first surmised that the AmravatInA stUpanuM varNana karatAM tenA saMzodhaka karnala vati stupa was a Buddhist documents menajhI sAheba lakhe che ke17 In the inscrip- amarAvanI stUpa bauddha dharmanuM ghAtaka che evuM anumAna tions, this building is called the (ta) karnala mekenajhInA pachI lAMbA kALe prathama Mahachaitya or the Great Chaitya= vakhate ja bahAra paDayuM hatuM. paraMtu te bAbatamAM zilAlekhamAM kotarAyeluM che ke A makAnane "mahAcaitya" mekenajhI sAhebano kevo mata hato tathA pite temanA kahevAtuM hatuM. vaLI teja graMthamAM pR. 104 upara matane keTale darajaje vadhAvI le che te jaNAvatAM (15) prA. bhArata pu. 1 5. 65 TI. naM. 53, (16) jIo A. sa. pI. I. 5.15 (tamAM guMdIvADa ane zizu challAnA anya zaheranuM saMzAdhana bAbatanuM varNana: jemAMnA be citro ApaNe bhArata pu. 1, pR. 153 AkRti naM. 20 ane 1 tarIke raju karyA che.). (17) juo A. sa. sa. I. 5. 1 (nyu I pIrIala sIrIjha pu. 1) 1882 (mudrita 187) pR. 23. (18) jue majakura pustaka 5, 7,

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hara0. mahAvijaya ane ahaMta [ dazama khaMDa lakhe che ke His own belief that it might the latter part of the second century. be Jain was credible=temanA (karnala mekenajhIna) The stupa itself is much older as is mate, te (pa)ne jainadharmano hovAnuM (mAnatA hatA) shown by the sculpture and the te vizvasanIya che. eTale temanA kahevAne bhAvArtha inscriptions, especially one in the ema che ke, karnala mekenajhIne prathama mata te amarAvatI Mauryan character, recording the gift tUpane jainadharmane lagate mAnavA prati hatA; te mata of a pillar by the General MundatemanA pachI ghaNuM lAMbA kALe bhale pharI gayo che Kuntala=amarAvatI TopanA sthApatyamAMnI bArika ane have tene bauddhadharmane gaNAve che, paraMtu prathama vIgate jotAM, temAM yona karatAM grIka pradezanI kaLA mata eTale te jainadharmanuM pratika hevAne mekenajhI mukhyatve eTalA badhA pramANamAM mAlama paDe che sAheba vALe mata-vadhAre pramANika dekhAya che. ke. prAthamika (najare) evuM anumAna baMdhAI jAya AkhI carcAne sAra, te stUpa jainadharmane havA che ke tene samaya i. sa. nI sadIno prAraMbha kALane saMbhava che. paraMtu vidvAne jema mAnI beThA che tema haze. jyAre tenA kaTherA uparanA zilAlekhonI pharIne bauddhadharmane nathI. sudhArela tArIkha jatAM tene samaya I. sa. nI bIjI A saMbaMdhI eka ja prazna have mAtra vicAra sadInA uttara bhAgamAM te banAvAyAnuM gaNavo paDazerahe che. te A stUpanI umara vizene che. vidvAna (dhyAna rAkhavuM ke ahIM kaTherAnA zilAlekhanA samayanI tene i. sa. nI bIjI ke trIjI sadIne hovAnuM mAne vAta karI che, nahIM ke stUpanA pitAnA samayanI ke che, jyAre ApaNe tene rAjA khAravelanA samayane tenA uparanA kaI zilAlekhanI-te te have darzAve che) eTale I. sa. pU. nI cothI sadIno TharAvIe chIe. jyAre stUpa bahu prAcIna samayane dekhAya che; kemake be mata vizenuM aMtara lagabhaga pAMcaso chaso varSanuM tenA uparanI zilpakaLAnAM dazyo ane zilAlekha rahI jAya che. A be vastuno meLa zI rIte khAya ketarAyAM che te uparathI tenI pratiti thAya che. tema che te ApaNe uccArIe tenA karatAM, majakura temAMye khAsa karIne muMDakuMtala nAmanA adhikArIe amarAvatI stUpa"nA lekhaka mahAzayanA pitAnA dAna ApIne mauryakALamAM vaparAtI bhASAmAM lekha zabda ja TAMkI batAvIzuM, jethI vAcakavargane pitAnI katarAvyo che tethI--eTale A uparathI ema sAbita ka9panAzaktine bahu kheMcI jaIne lAMbA samaya sudhI thAya che ke, stUpanA saMbaMdhamAM muMDakuMtale je dAna kareluM vicAranA vamaLamAM taNutA rahevuM nahIM paDe. te zabdo che te maurya sAmrAjyano vakhata hatuM tathA te vakhate A pramANe "che: "There is so much of A stUpa to kyArane ubho paNa thaI gayo hate. vaLI Greek, rather than Bactrian art in e paNa kharuM ja che, ke je stUpa saMbaMdhI kAMI paNa the architectural details of the Amra- dAna maurya samaye (I. sa. pU. 372 thI 234 sudhI) vati tope, that the first inference is, that karavAmAM AvyuM hoya, te stUpa pite I. sa. pU. it must be nearer to the Christian 37ranI pUrve ja ubhe karAyo hato joIe ema svIEra--with the revised date of the kAravuM paDedeg. ApaNe paNa tene samaya rAjA khAravelanA inscriptions, the date of the rail in rAjyanA samayane (I. sa. pU. 430 thI 394) (19) jue majakura pustaka pR. 12. 5. 266 sudhInI 20 dalIla sAthe 5. 303 TI. naM. 87 nI (20) aparokSa rIte A hakIkata uparathI sAbita karI 2mI tathA A sAthe tenI saMkhyA 22 nI gaNAze. rAkAze ke puSyamitra ane khAravela samakAlina nathI ja eTale

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caturtha parikeda ] zabda uparano prakAza 3ra1 jaNAvIe chIe. athavA vadhAre cekasa tArIkha ATalI hakIkata lakhAI gaI che. have vizeSa mATe tenA nirmANa mATe darzAvavI hoya che, tenA rAjyA- AgaLa vadhIe. bhiSeka bAda navamA varSe caNAvyAnuM te jaNAve che jema magadhapati naMdane tathA kaliMgapati karaka, eTale tene samaya I. sa. pU. 421-ra0ne gaNo mahArAjane, kSemarAjane ane khAravelane A sthAnanI rahe che. ane mUrtinI kiMmata hRdayamAM utarI gaI hatI, tema pu. 1. pR. 174 mAM mahArAja karakaMkunA vRttAMtamAM samrATa priyadarzinane tathA te samayanA kaliMgapati sAbita karI gayA chIe ke te pote pArzvanAtha bhagavA- rAjA zAtakaraNIne paNa tathA prakAre ja utarI gaI hatI nane anuyAyI hovAthI, Atma- ema turata samajI zakAya che kAraNa ke te mATe ja te mUrtinuM mahAsya kalyANa mATe teNe maMdira baMdhAvI te baMne bhUpatio potAnA dharmanI te bhUmi uparanuM temAM alaukika ane camatkAra- prabhutva meLavavA jabaradasta saMgrAma khelI rahyA hatA; vALI eka pratimA padharAvI hatI. te pratimA AgaLanI jenI mAhitI ApaNane priyadarzinanA khaDakalekhathI bharAvelI hatI ke teNe ja taiyAra karAvI hatI te hakIkata maLI rahe che. vaLI samrATa priyadarzine pitAnA sAbita karavI bAkI rAkhI hatI. tema AvI najIvI jIvanamAM je aneka saMgrAmo khelyA hatA temAM ane jaDa pratimA mATe zA sArU be moTA samrATo kaliMgabhUmi uparane sauthI dArUNa ane bhayaMkara tathA jIva saTosaTa laDI rahyA hatA tene kAMIka Acho chellAmAM chello ja hato, te paNa teNe pite ja katarelA khyAla tyAM ApI vizeSa samAcAra khAravelanA vRttAMte hakIkatathI samajAya che. A uparathI paNa te banne ApavAnuM jaNAvyuM hatuM. temaja uparanA dvitIya ane jainadharmI rAjAonAM hRdayamAM te tIrtha pratye tathA ntIya paricade (pati 12mAM kaliMgajInamUrtinA tenI mUrti vize kevAM bhakita ane mAna vasI rahyAM varNavamAM) kahI gayA chIe ke, jenadhamaonuM sameta- hatAM tenuM mApa kADhI zakAya che. 22 zikhara nAmanuM eka pavitra tIrtha A pradezamAM A pramANe uttarottara thatA jainadharmAnuyAyI Avela hAI tathA te upara vIsa jeTalA tIrthaMkare nirvANa rAjAo jyAre A sthaLa ane pratimA vize ATalAM pAmela hovAthI tenAM khyAti ane gairava temane mana badhAM ovAraNAM laIne svajIvane paNa kurabAna karI ghaNuM hatAM. vaLI uparokta vIsa tIrthakomAMnA sauthI detA hatA tyAre temAM kAMIka vizeSapaNe tAratamya chellA pArzvanAtha, tyAM mekSe gayela hovAthI tenuM nAma samAyeluM haze ema te dekhAya chejanahIM te zuM pArzvanAtha pahADa paNa paDI gayuM che tathA te mUrtine pUrvenA rAjAo evA mUrkha hatA ke eka mUrti jevI kaliMgamAM padharAvanAra temaja tenA mULasthApaka karakaMDa ajIva vastu mATe moTI laDAIo laDavA nIkaLe mahArAja pote trikALajJAnI hovAthI tenAM pratibhA te nIkaLe, paNa ahiMsA je potAnA dharmone tathA gaiArava temanI jANamAM hatAM (juo pR. 302-3). mULabhUta siddhAMta kahevAya, tene eka kArANe mUkIne (21) samrATa priyadarzina to na hato e hakIkta je kheDayuM che tathA tyAM dhaulI-jAgauDAnA lekhe ubhA pAyA tenA jIvanacaritre sAbita karI devAI che tema A zAta- che tenuM kAraNa bhUmivijayanuM nathI paNa te tIrthadhAma pratyenA karaNI rAjAono mATe bhAga paNa janamatAnuyAyI hatA te hakkanI sthApanAnuM che. ApaNe pu. 5 mAM temanAM vRttAMte sAbita karavAnA chIe tenuM hRdaya je kaMpI uThayuM hatuM tenA kAraNa tarIke, (te tyAM juo) mATe ahIM kiliMga pradezanuM yuddha manuSya saMhAra je saMkhyAmAM vaLI gayo hato te paNa eka hatuM laDanAra baMne rAjavIo jaina dharmI hatA ema lakhavuM uparAMta je dharmanA nAme laDAI laDAya, teja dharmanA maLa paDayuM che. siddhAMtanI virUddha laDAInI nIti doravavI paDe, tethI (22) have samajAze ke kaliMganuM yuddha, samrATa priyadarine paNa tenuM hRdaya hacamacI gayuM hatuM. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ra lAkhA prANInA jIvAnA saMhAra vaLI jAya tenI lezamAtra navAra paNa na kare ? eTaluM ja nahIM, para`tu ulaTa temAM jIta meLavyA bAda, krama jANe te krAryane ati mahattvanuM gaNatA hAya, athavA grAmyabhASAmAM kahA ke khaMDerIyA gaDha jItI AvyA hAya, tema IrAdApUrvaka siMhanAde jAhera karI, tenI yAda mAvacaMdradivAkarI jaLavAI rahe mATe, zilAlekha jevA akATya ane abhedya mArgadvArA tene aMkita karAve? A sarve vivecanathI samajI zakAze ke jainadharmIone A parvatanI mAlikI, rakSA ke tIrthayAtrA je kahA te kevA zvAsa ane prANarUpa gaNAtA hatA. 24 te mUrtinu have je eka anya muddA upara vAcakane laI javA dhArIe chIe te jo ke A pustakanA kSetra baDhAra jatA dekhItI rIte jaNAze, paraMtu A viSaya sAthe aitihAsika banAvatI eka kaDI evI te saMlagna thayelI dekhAya che ke, jo te bAbata uparane prakAza alpAMze paNa atra na ApavAmAM Ave, tA bhAratIya ItihAsamAM samAyela aneka aMdhakAramaya gharamAMnuM eka, aspaUja rahI jatuM kahevAze. sAthe hiMmata pazu, che ke atra raju karAyalI hakIkta, jo vAcaka samudAya zAMta cittathI ane niSpakSapAtapaNe vicArI joze, tA teone mArUM kathana-aspaU rahI jatuM gharavyAjakhI paNa lAgaze. ATaluM Amukha tarIke jaNAvI, je hakIkata vAcaka samakSa dharavI rahe che te kharAkhara samajI zakAya mATe, tene lagatA thoDAka (23) saMbhavita che ke priyadarzine A kAraNane lIdheja ahIM hAthI kotarAvyA hAya; jyAre anya sthAnake mAtra hArthInI nizAnI ja ApelI che, (jIe. pu. 2. pR. 364) (ra4) samAya priyadarAnane dhaulI khaDaka lekha A hetupUrNAMka ubhA karAyA dekhAya che. (kemake teNe anya tIrthaMkaronI nirvANa bhUmi sUcavatA sthAna upara paNa khaDaka lekhA kAtarAvyA che joke tyAM eka paNa laDAI tene laDavI paDI nathI) vaLI khAravelanA hAthIguphAnA lekha kAtarAvavAmAM uMDA hetu teA prarmakAryanI prasiddhi mATe ja hatA. (tue AgaLa upara) (5) muMbaIthI pragaTa thatA dhI gujarAtI nAmaka sAptAhika patranI i. sa. 1913nI bheTa tarIke apAyela " jagannAthanI mUrti ane bhAratanuM bhaviSya" nAme pustakanA lekhaka prakhyAta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa prastAva, prathama ApavA Avazyaka lAge che. te nIce pramANe TUMkamAM jaNAvyA che. A sthaLamAM jagannAthapurI nAme samasta hiMdu lekAnuM eka mahAprabhAvika tIrthasthAna AveluM che. te tIrthanA mahimA eTalA badhA prasarIta thayele che ke varSa daramyAna sArAye bhArata varSamAMthI AkarSAIne loka samudra, ati meTA pramANamAM tyAM niyata samaye eka be vAra ekaThA thAya che. te samaye ekatrita maLela yAtrikAmAM kAI paNa prakAre jAtine ke dharmanA bheda bhAva dhAraNa karI zakAtA nathI. eTaluM ja nahIM paratuM, tyAMnI dhArmika saMsthA taraphathI ekaja prakAranA je AhAra tyAM ApavAmAM Ave che, te sarve yAtrALuo harSita thatAM thatAM grahaNa karIne vinA saMkrece Aroge che; tathA peAtAne punita-pAvana thayela samajI svadeza pAchA phare che. A tIrthanuM suMdara varNana karatAM eka vivecakrarapa lakhyuM che ke aMhI vizva maMdira che kaiM jyAM AryAvarttanA sarva bhAgAmAMthI manuSyA vizvadevanI pujA karavAne Ave che. aMhI svarganuM dvAra che. sara viliyama haMTara kahe che ke, tyAM hiMdu dharma ane hindu-ativizvAsa athavA mithyA dhamasamudra tIre vizvanA bhinna dharmIyAnI aneka virUddhatA chatAM paNa Aje aDhArase varSathI jemanA tema kAyama ubhA rahela che. te khAda A graMthakAra, A jagannAthane purAtana ane paurANika itihAsa ApatAM, tenI unnatti vize AkhyAyikAe " . navalakathAkAra Thakakura nArAyaNa vIsanajI je custa hiMdudharmAnu cAyI tarIke tathA vivecaka tarIke khUba khArIkAIthI UMDANamAM utaranAra tarIke jANItA che temaNe te pustakamAM pR. 105 upara je lakhyuM che tenA A zabdo che. (vaLI nIcenI TIkA jue.) (29) majakura pustaka pR. 10pa. (A sa vRttAMta keTalAka varSo pahelAM meM lakhI rAkhyuM hatuM; paraMtu have jyAre mudrita karAvavAno samaya AnyA che tyAre lekhaka mahArAya devaloka pAmyA che te mATe dilagIra chIe, A kAraNane lIdhe uparamAM temanA nAma sAthe marahuma rAkhyuM joDaye| nathI.) (27) mithyA kAne uddezIne kahevAyA haze te, A sthAnanuM: kharUM svarUpa jANyA khAda Ape|Apa kadAca samajI zakAze, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha pariccheda ] Ape che. ane chevaTe peAtAnA abhiprAya jaNAvatAM jaNAve che ku28 " A pramANe paurANika siddhAMtanA ( nahIM ke paurANika graMthAnA ) anuyAyI jatenuM kahevuM che ke......mALavAnA rAjAe29 baMdhAvelA e bhavya maMdiraneA (matalabake jagannAyajInuM mULa maMdira je hatuM tene ) paNa nAza thaI gayA hatA; paNa I. sa. nI sattaramI sadInA prAraMbhamAM jagannAthajInuM je maMdira astitva dharAvatuM hatuM ane Aje paNa peAtAnA unnata zikhareAthI pUrNa abhimAna dharAvatuM je maMdira jovAmAM Ave che. te maMdira dhaNuM ja pAchaLathI eTale bahudhA I. sa. anaMga hatuM. " 1198mAM rAjA bhImadeva taraphathI baMdhAvavAmAM AvyuM "enI prathama maMdira ane temAMnI mUrti vize ApaNe jevI camatkArika kathA vAMcI AvyA chIe tevIja aneka prakAranI camatkArika AkhyAyikAe e maMdira ane temAMnI mUrti vize sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave che. A sarve avataraNA mahAtmya paraMtu (28) majakura pustaka pR. 108, (29) mALavAnA krayA rAtnae te darzAvyuM nathI. have pachI AlekhAtA vana uparathI samaya che ke, cacAtikezarI nAme je rAjI thayA che tenI pUrvenA krAI mAlavapatie te madira baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema kahevAnA ArAya che. (30) eTale ke, vadhamAna maMdiranI sthApanA vize je AkhyAyikAe cAlI rahI che te bale daMtakathArUpe lAgatI haze paraMtu tenA prabhAva tA camatkArikaja lekhAya che ema kahevAnA ArAya che. (31) majakura pustaka pu. 110 (32) A badhAM sthAnanAM dazAsthAnanI hakIkta mATe nIcenI TIkA. ta. 33 jue. (33) pu. 1mAM rAjagRhInA sthAna vize je varNana ApyuM che te jue. tenI AsapAsa je pAMcapahADa (udayagiri, khaDagiri, vaibhAragiri Adi) AvelA hatA tenI parvatamALA lakhAtI lakhAtI DaeNDa kaliMga dezamAM gaI hatI. teja udagira ane khaMDirgAra A parvata che. [UNu-lekhaka mahArAyanuM A varNana prAcIna samayanuM che, ApaNe hAthIguphAnuM je varNana karI rahyA chIe te paNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 33 ne samuccaya grahaNa karatAM nIce sAra tAravI zakAya che; jema ke (1) hAlanuM je vizvamaMdira che te i. sa. 1198 mAM banAvAyuM che, (2) tenI pahelAnuM je maMdira hatuM te mAlavapatie baMdhAvyuM hatuM ane tene nAza thaI gayA hatA ( kALe karIne nAza thayeA hateA ke kAya rAjasattAnA jorajumathI nAza thaye hatA. te jaNAvAyuM nathI) ane (3) maMdira tathA mUrtie vizenI je AkhyAyikA vartamAnakALe sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave che tevI ja camatkArika, paraMtu kAMIka bhinna svarUpamAM, prAcInakALanI AkhyAyikAe hAvA saMbhava che. teja vivecaka vaLI AgaLa jatAM lakhe che ku ( rAjadhAnInI ) pazcime 2 puSpagiri nAmaka eka parvata hatA ane te parvatamAM eka stUpa tathA eka vihAranuM astitva hatuM. e parvata te vartamAnakALanA yaMgara ane khaMgiri33 nAmaka parvatA ja hAvA joIe. 4 e parvatAmAM prAcIna samayanu' che. bhale ba tenA samayamAM ghaNA phera che. chatAM baMne varNana kevAM maLatAM AvI jAya che te juo. temanA lakhavA pramANe te dezanI rAjadhAnInI pazcime puSpagiri parvata hatA ane A paryaMtamAM guphAma Mdira tathA stUpa hatA jyAre ApaNe paNa temana kahIe chIe ke, cilkA saravara pAse liMganI rAjadhAnI hatI. tenI pazcime eka paryaMta che ke jenI taLeTIe dhaulI nagoDAne kheDA lekha che tathA te patamAM A hAthIguMphA che (jene guphAma'dira paNa kahevAya che kemake te patamAM je aneka guphAo ane madaza che temAMnuM A eka guphAmAMdira kahevAya che). vaLI A puSpagirine vartamAna kALanA udayagiri ane kha'Dagiri mAMnA eka mAne che. ApaNe paNa te pramANeja kahIe chIe jue uparanI lITIe. matalaba ke sarvenuM jyana ekaja prakAranu ane sa` hakIkate maLatuM ja che, eTale te niza' che ema kahevuM paDaze. ] (34) lekhake hevA rnoie zabda vAparyAM che. ApaNe paNa rI na. 33mAM ApaNA abhiprAya darzAvatA jaNAvyuM che ke, te nizaka che ema kahevuM pahero (jIe DhI, na. 33 nA aMtima rAbdo) www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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34 te mUrtinuM [ dazama khaMDa bauddhonI aneka71 guhAo ane lekhe AkArane 6para lAMbo ka644 phITa pahoLo che.42 maLI AvyA che. enI pUrva dizAe pAMca mAIla aMtarbhAganA saMrakSaNa mATe 22 phITa uMcAInI majaupara bhuvanezvara nAmaka7 aneka devAlavALuM bUta pattharanI eka dIvAla bAMdhelI che. te dIvAlanI eka sthAna che." vaLI AgaLa8 lakhela che ke "e aMdaranA bhAgamAM aneka devAlayo bAMdhelAM che3 ane eka aitihAsika mata keTalAka taraphathI karavAmAM Ave te bhinna bhinna dene44 arpaNa karelAM che. moTAmAM che ke jagannAthanuM maMdira te bauddhadharmane eka stUpa ane sarvathI unnata maMdira zrI. jagannAthane che ane temAMnI mUtio paNa bauddha dharmanA eka arpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. ene zaku, AkRti ane amuka tattvanuM ja darzana karAve che. tenA samarthanamAM bArIka kAtaravALA zikharanI uMcAI 192 phITanI eka daMtakathA pracalita che. "A daMtakathA varNavatAM teno che. kALanA anaMta AghAtathI teno raMga kAMIka kALA samaya temaNe I. sa. 300nI AsapAsa hevAnuM jaNAvyuM thaI gayeluM che. e viSNunAM sudarzana, cakra tathA che. tathA te uparAMta hAlanA maMdiranuM varNana karatAM vajAthI gArita che. maMdiramAM praveza karavAnuM je teo jaNAve che ke " e maMdirano vADo catuSkoNa mukhyadvAra che te siMhadvAranA nAmathI oLakhAya (35) have ApaNe jANI cukayA chIe ke, jyAM Apela bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranuM varNana sarakhA. jyAM "bauddha dharma" zabda vidvAnoe vAparyo che tyAM tyAM (43) jaina maMdiranI bAMdhaNI sAthe A varNana sarakhA. janadhAma " maNIne te pramANe atha vAstavika che ke kema ghaNAM moTAM jaina maMdiromAM bahArane gaDha ane aMdarane gaDha te vicAratAM javuM kAraNa ke samrATa azokanA zilAlekhe je ema be koTa hoya che. temAMnA aMdaranA koTanI rAMge vAge auddha dharmanA atyAra sudhI manAtA AvyA che te have samrATa dIvAlane aDhelIne cAre tarapha bhamatirUpe nAnI nAnI derIo priyadarzinanA-saMpatinA banAvelA eTale jaina dharmane lagatA caNAvelI hoya che ane tevI dareka derImAM judA judA che ema puravAra karI apAyuM che. eTale potAnA pUrvabaddha khyAla chananI mUrti pratiSThita karavAmAM AvelI hoya che (A badhuM mAM rahIne ja vidvAnoe baiddhadharma zabda vAparye rAkhyo che. varNana mULa lakhANanI sAthe sarakhA). AvAM maMdira (36) aneka eTale seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM che (juo atyAre paNa aneka ThekANe mejuda che jemake, zatru ane AgaLa jatAM kalyANa mAsikanA AMkane utAre-bhuvane- giranAra uparanI aneka TUMkamAM, Abu upara vimalavasahimAM, zvarane lagata), amadAvAdamAM dIlhI daravAjA bahAra zeTha haThisiMhanI vADImAM, (37) A vastusthiti samajavAne jeTalI hakIkta uttara gujarAtamAM vaDhiyAra pradezanA saMkhezvara gAme. I. I. upayogI thaI paDe tema che teTalIja mAtra uttara hiMdamAMthI (44) jema nAnI nAnI daherIo (uparanI TI. naM. pragaTa thatA kalyANa mAsikanA zivAMka pR. 570 mAMthI 43mAM varNavI batAvI che tema) ne badale moTAM moTAM devAatra uddhata karI che. layo TAMchavAyAM te gaDhamAM baMdhAyelA hovAnuM jaNAvavA (38) majakura pustaka pR. 112. jevo ja Azaya hoya, te te sthiti paNa jaina maMdiramAM (39) juo nIcenI TI. naM. 49nuM mULa lakhANu tathA dekhAya che (juo zatruMjya parvata uparanI khetIzA zeThanI A "bauddhadharmana" zabda kevA saMjogomAM vidvAno TaMkanI bAMdhaNI I.). vAparatA AvyA che te mATe, uparanI TI. naM. 35nI sAthe (45) sarakhA takSazIlA nagarInA dharmAcaranuM varNana. sarakhA. eTale ghaNAkharA bhedano ukela AvI jato samajAze. je uparathI te nagarInuM nAma "cakratIrtha" pADavAmAM (40) A kayuM tatva hevAnuM te mAne che te mATe taTastha AvyuM che (pu. 3. 5, 265 thI 282). vidvAnonAM kathananA je utArA aMgrejImAM AgaLa jatAM TAMkayA (46) sAmAnya rIte siMhadvAra eTale ja mukhyadvAra evo che te vAMco eTale ApoApa samajI javAze. artha thAya che. paraMtu ahIM te zabada viziSTatAsUcaka hoya (4) majakura pustaka (jagannAthanI mUrti ane bhAratane ema darzAvAya che. te jaNAvavAnuM ke jaina maMdiromAMnA bhaviSya) 5. 113, pravezadvArane paNa adyApi paryaMta siMhadAranA nAmathI ja oLa(42) jagannAthajInA maMdiranA A varNana sAthe, nIce khavAmAM Ave che.

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caturtha paricheda ] mahAbhya 3rapa che. bahudhA e dvAra pAsenA khUNuM medAnamAMja uparathI samajAya ke tyAM I. sa. 300nI AsapAsamAM yAtrALuo AvIne bhegA thAya che. e sthAne mAtra kAMIka krAMtikAraka pheraphAra thayo haze (5) je mUrtio ekaja pASANamAMthI kerI kADhelo eka ucca hAla tyAM birAjamAna che te 3. rAjendralAla ane suzobhita staMbha ubhelo che. A pachI mitra jevA taTastha ane purAtatva vizAradanA mata devabhavanamAM birAjamAna karAyelI jagannAthajInI pramANe baiddhadharmIonI havA saMbhava che. (6) temaja mUrtinuM varNana kareluM che. te bAda maMdiranA aMta A stUpa ane maMdira paNa orissAnA anya bhaMganuM varNana karatAM jaNAve che ke, devabhavanamAM guphA maMdiranI peThe baihadharmanAM (jena dharmanAM ? ) aMdhakAranI eTalI badhI prabaLatA vyApelI hoya che heya ema keTalAka aitihAsika vidvAnone mata che. che. khare bapore paNa dIpakanI sahAyatA vinA aMta- upara pramANe jagannAthajInA maMdirane lagatI hakIbhaMganI koI paNa vastu daSTigocara thatI nathI, 49 ane katanI ApaNe noMdha lIdhI. have TIka naM. 33 ane 37mAM chevaTe Do. rAjendralAlamitraenTIvITIjha opha orIsA darzAvela bhuvanezvaranA maMdirane lagatI hakIktanuM varNana nAme pite racelA pustakamAM A mUrtionuM avelekana ApIzuM. uttara hiMdamAMthI pragaTa thatA prakhyAta kalyANa" karatAM je jaNAvyuM che "kepa0 te maMdira buddhanuM devuM mAsikane khAsa aMka saM. 1990 zrAvaNa; bhAga 8. joIe." tene ullekha karyo che. ATaluM lakhIne lekhaka aMka 1 zivAMka tarIke je bahAra paDayo che temAM pR. mahAzaye mUrti vizenuM varNana khatama karela che. upara 570 thI te vistRtAdhikAra ApavAmAM Avyo che. TAMkela sarva avataraNa uparathI phalitArtha e nIkaLe vAMchuka varge te jovA vinaMtI che. atre te ApaNI vicAche ke (1) rAjadhAnInI pazcime je parvato AvelA raNAne upayogI thAya teTale bhAga ja utArIzuM. che te udayagiri ane kheDagirinA nAme jANItA che "sTezanathI bhuvanezvarakA sthAna karIba pAMca maila ha. (2) A parvata magadhanI pAse pacapahADanA nAme bhuvanezvarakA prAcIna nAma " akAmrakAnana' hai. bhuvaneoLakhAtI girizaMkhalAnI laMbAyelI hAramALAnA dhara uDI ke kasarInAmaka prasiddha rAjavaMzanI rAjaaMge che (3) vizvamaMdirane coka, aMdaranA gaDhanAM dhAnI raha cukA hai ...kahA jAtA hai, kisi samaya...ke vidhavidha devone arpaNa karAyelAM maMdiro tathA ceka- AsapAsa kamasekama sAta hajAra maMdira the kezarI mAne mAnastaMbha vigere sarva bAMdhakAma, vaidika matanAM vaMzake Adima rAjA jajAti kesarIne sana 180 gaNAya che; paraMtu aitihAsika avalokananA aMge te I. meM Ise (bhuvanezvarakA maMdira) banavAnA prAraMbha bauddha-jaina maMdirane maLatA AvatA heIne temane kiyA thA ! maMdira ke cAra ora sAta phUTa uMcI bauddha maMdira tarIke gaNave che. (4) AkhyAyikA eka moTI pattharakI dIvAra hai je 520 phITa lAMbI (4) samrATa priyadarine aneka staMbha je ubhA karAvyA jarUra rahe che ke AvI sthiti nIpajAvavI paDe che ! ulaTuM che te paNa monolithic=beka pASANumAMthI banAvAyA anubhava che ema jaNAve che ke dareka dharmavALA iSTa hovAnuM gaNAvAya che. (te varNana priyadarzinanA vRttAte ApyuM devanuM-mukhAraviMdanuM darzana peTabharIne karI zakAya te mATe che te sAthe sarakhA) ( zuM A prastuta staMbha paNa teja kadaratI prakAza jema bane tema vadhAre AvavA de che eTaluM ja samayanI banAvaTane haze ke ?). nahi paraMtu jarUra paDatAM kRtrima prakAza paNa devamukha para (48) dakSiNa hiMdamAM jaina bastionA prAMgaNamAM mAna pheMkavAnI goThavaNa karI hoya che. staMbha ubhe karavAmAM Ave che. A viziSTatA kevaLa jaina (50) jue uparanI TI. naM. 39; jagannAthanI mUrti maMdiranI ja che ema kahevAyuM che. ane bhAratanuM bhaviSya pustakamAM pR. 17 paMkti 2. (4) devabhavanamAM jayAM mUrtinAM darzana karavAnA hoya (5) eTale A samaya pahelAM te maMdiranI kAMIka tyAM ATaluM badhuM aMdhakAramaya vAtAvaraNa zA mATe sarajAvAtuM anya prakAre sthiti hatI ema A uparathI samajI haze te samajI zakAtuM nathI. zuM kAMI gupta bheTa sAcavavAnI zakAya che, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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te mUrtinuM 326 aura 600 kITa cauDI haiM| Isa dIvAra ke aMdara bhinna bhinna devatAoke Te mATe se| maMdira hai aura usake khIcame bhagavAna bhuvanezvarakA maMdira haiM / maMdirakA pradhAna dvAranI ThIka sAme arUNu staMbha nAmakA eka khaDA suMdara staMbha haiM| bhagavAna bhuvanezvarakA liMgavigraha khaDA vizAla haiM / usakA vyAsa karIba 8 phuTakA hai| uMcAI khI karIkha utanI hI haiM| itanA uMcA zivalIMga zAyadahI kahIM dekhane ke| (na)12 milegA ligakI AkRti bhI 37 vicitra so hI hai / vahu eka pASANu staMbha-sA dikhAyI detA hai / usameM tIna vibhAgase najara Ate hai, je saMbhavataH brahmA, viSNu evaM zivake dhAtaka hai| jagadIzakI ( jagannAthapurInI peThe ) taraha yahAM bhI leAga jAti-prAtikA bheda cheDakara kaccI raseAIkA prasAda pA lete hai '' / A pramANenA varNanathI mAlUma thAya che ke, A bhuvanezvaranuM ane zrI vizva maMdiranuM varNana, khAMdhaNInI bhArata, mahimA, mUrtinuM svarUpa I. i. sarakhAM che; je phera che te mAtra cekanA kSetraphaLaneA ane sthAnane. eTale ApaNe mAnI zakIe ke te banne ekaja paMthanA pratIka che. A banne prasiddha ane pavitra tIrthadhAma vizenuM ATaluM varNana ApIne have te vize purAtattva vizArade nuM zuM maMtavya . yeluM che te jaNAvIe eTale ApaNane te uparathI sarakhAmaNI karavAnuM saheluM thaI paDaze. bhAradbhuta stUpa nAme oLakhAtA Topa viro eka, temaja sAMcI--{bhasA pradezamAM je aneka stUpe AvelA che te vize eka, ema maLI e svataMtra pustakA janarala kaniMgahAme53 lakhela che. A banne ThekANe ubhA karAyalA stUpA bauddha dharmanA atyAre mAnavAmAM Ave che. banne sthAnanAMpa4 zilpakAmamAM triratna nAme oLakhAtAM dharmacihno che. te vizenuM (52) atra phreMsamAM na rAkhta ame mUkayo che. saMbhava che ke, mULa hakIkatamAM prapharIDaranI zaratacUkathI rahI gayA che. (53) A pustaka jayAre temaNe lakhelAM tyAre temane 'sara'nAIkAkha maLyA nahAtA tethI janarala kaniMgahAmanA sAmAnya nAmathI te samaye oLakhAtA hatA!. (54) purAtattvamAM rasa letA sarvAM vidrAne A hukI ta Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa peAtAnuM maMtavya ALekhavA jatAM, jagannAthapurInA maMdiramAMnI mukhya mUrtinA svarUpanI AkRti, je sAMcInA pradezamAM paNa temanI najare paDI chepapa, te saMbaMdhI peAte je anumAna upara AvyA che, te paNa temaNe jaNAvI dIdhuM che. temanA peAtAnA zabdo A pramANe che--Considerable interest attaches to this symbol of the Tri-ratna as there can be no reasonable doubt that the three rude figures of Jagannath and his sister and brother, now worshipped with so much fervour in Orissa, have been directly derived from three of these symbols. I was first led to this opinion in 1851 by the discovery of these symbols, set up together in one of the Sanchi sculptures...I may add that the Jagannathi figure in Orissa is universally believed to contain a bone of Krisna; but as Brahmins do not worship the relics of their gods, I conclude that this bone must be a relic of Buddha and that the rude figure of Jagannath in which it is contained, is one of the old Tri-ratnas or Triple-gem symbols of the Buddhist Triad. The able reviewer of Mr. Fergusson's Tree-and Serpant worship ( Mr. Healy in the Calcutta Review) remarks that one of General Cunningham's happiest hits jANe che chatAM atra tenA ullekha karavAneA hetu e che ke, A khAgatamAM abhiprAya uccAravAne tee eka sattA samAna lekhAya che. (55) dhI sisATAsa pustakane aMte kheDela pleIsa naM. 72 mA AkRti na. 22-23 phlue, (56) bhAradbhuta stUpa pustakamAM pu. 111-1120 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha parivacheda ] mahAbhya 37 in his derivation of the three fettish- evuM thAya che ke, A asthi te buddhanuM avazeSa 10 like figures of Jagannath and his sister hovuM joIe; teTalA mATe je jagannAthajInI beDoLa and his brother, from three of the mUrtimAM tene sAcavI rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che te paNa combined emblems of the Buddhist bauddha dharmanA samuhatrayImAMnAM triratnamAMnAM prAcIna Trinity, placed side by side as at traNa javAhImAMnuM ekAda hovuM joIe. mi. pharagyusana Sanchi The resemblance he adds is kRta "vRkSa ane nAgapujA" nAmanA pustakanA samartha rude but unmistakable. triratnanA cinhane vivecake-kalakattA rIvyu patramAM mi. hilIe-oMdha karI ati mahattva ApavuM rahe che, kemake jagannAthajI, temanI che ke, bAdharmanA samuhathInAM ekatrita cina ne, bahene ane bhAInI je traNa aNaghaDa mUrtionI jema sAMcImAM akekanI paDakhe mUkayAM che tema jagannAtha, pUjA orissAmAM ghaNI ja AturatAthI karavAmAM Ave temanI bahene ane bhAinI camatkArika jaNe AkRtiche temane udabhava sIdhI rIte A saketika riho. enI utpatti paNa hovI joIe evI janarala mAMthI thayAnuM vAstavika rIte saMdeharahita che (niHsaMdeha che). kaniMgahAme karelI sUcanA ati sukhadAyI-AvakArasAMcI (tUpa)nAM aneka dRzyomAMnAM ekamAM 57 dAyaka che. vaLI te umere che ke, je sAmyatA che A traNe cihno eka sAthe karelAM mArI najare -buddhanA ratnatrayInI ane mUrtinI AkRtinI-te bhale 1851mAM prathama paDayA, tyArathI mAro mata A pramANe beDoLa-aNudhaDa che paNa acUka-bhUlamAM na cAlI baMdhAyo che. vizeSamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke.pa8 sarvatra evuM jAya tevI che." eTale ke kaniMgahAma jevA saMzodhaka mAnavAmAM Ave che ke jagannAthajInI mUrtimAM zrIkRSNanuM ane purAtatva vizAradane mata ema che ke (1) eka asthi raheluM che. paraMtu brAhmaNo pitAnA devonAM jagannAthapurImAM je traNa mUrtio zrI kRSNa, temanA avazeSanI pUjA karatA na hovAthI59 mAruM maMtavya bhAI baLarAma tathA bahena subhadrAnI che tenI bhItaramAM (pa) A uparathI ema to dekhAya che ke, sAMcI paNa bauddhonA hevA saMbhava nathI kAraNa mATe juo stupa ane jagannAthapurInI mUrtio vacce koIka "sAmAnya AgaLa upara TIka naM. 57 aMza" have joIe. (A hakIktane nIcenI TIkA . pa8 je samaye brAhamaNadharmanI eTale vaidika temaja zaiva dharmanI sAthe sarakhAvavAthI mAlama paDaze ke te vaidinI nathI tema caDatI kaLA hatI te samaye tenA anuyAyIoe dharmadhanaM. 59 sAthe sarakhAvavAthI mAlama paDaze ke te bauddhanI nathI: paNAne laIne AvezamAM ne AvezamAM keTalAMye jaina maMdirane te pachI bAkI jaina dharmanI te che ema svataH siddha thaze). nAza karI nAMkhyo che tema keTalAkanuM parivartana paNa karI (58) ja. beM. e. sa. pu. 18, pR. 97. nAkhyuM che. maMdiranuM parivartana karI, aMdaranI mUrtionAM (59) ulaTA teo te, asthine aDakavAthI abhaDAya svarUpa pheravI nAMkhyAnuM paNuM have te aneka zodhakhoLo che ane zuddhine mATe jJAnanI AvazyaktA anivAryapaNe uparathI pUravAra thayeluM tathA aitihAsika satya tarIke svIkAre che eTale A prastuta avazeSane brAhmaNa dharma sAthe samajAyeluM che (vaLI juo nIcenI TI. 61). saMbaMdha dharAvAtuM mAnI zakAya nahi; jyAre jenAmAM pitAnA (6) uparanI TIka naM. 60 juo jemAM mationA tIrthaMkara gaNAtA AtmAonAM asthi, dADhAo I. ne pUjya parivartana rAMbaMdhI ullekha karela che. mAnIne, zakAdi devatAo paNa temane potAnI devasabhAmAM matine beDoLa karI naMkhAI che ema te A taTastha padharAve che tathA bhakti mATe harahaMmeza vaMdana ane namaskAra vidrAnanuM paNa kathana thAya cheja kemake triratnano dekhAva kayAM ? kare che (juo ka5, sU. su. TIkA). ane A mUtino dekhAva kayAM? A mUrtine dekhAva ja kahI (10) bauddha dharmamAM paNa asthi vagere avazeSone Ape che ke, temAM ghaNuM ja kAlpanika pheraphAra karAyo che. pUjanIka gaNe che. eTale ke (juo uparanI TIkA naM. 59) (62) A bAbatanI vizeSa hakIkata mATe jue A avazeSo kAM jenonA hoya ne kAM to bauddhonAM hoya. "bhIllAsa" pustake pR. 358-9, pArI. 10-11, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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DhAMkelA vivecanAnI 318 temanA vidyamAnapaNAnAM zarIranA kAI asthinA aMza jALavI rAkhavAmAM AvyA che. (2) A mUrtione vaidika dharmonuyAyIo, (brAhmaNA heAya ke vaiSNavA hAya) ati pavitra mAne che. (3) vizeSamAM e che ke, vaidika dharmavALAe~| te mUrtio peAtAnI hAvAnA jo ke dAvA kare che, paNa te asthine pavitra mAnatA nathI; aDa. tAM abhaDAya che jyAre A mUrtinI aMdara teA asthi saMrakSita rAkheluM mAnavAmAM Ave che. (4) A mUrtiene vikRta banAvI tyAM sthApana karavAmAM AvI che. (5) temanAM khAdya liMga jotAM bauddha dharmanAM lAkSaNika cinhA je triratane nAme eLakhAya che temate susaMgata ane acUka rIte maLatAM Ave che (6) vaLI AvIja rIte tri-mUrtinuM eka trika, sAMcI stUpavALA pradezamAM paNa maLI AvyuM che-eTale ke sAMcI stUpa ane jagannAthapurInAM tIrthasthAnA ekaja dharmanAM saMbhave che (7) sAMcInu sthaLa vidvAnee atyAre bauddha dharmanuM mAnyuM che tethI jagannAthapurInuM tIrtha paNa, bauddhadharmanuM heAvA sabhava che. A prakAranI mAnyatAne samarthana maLe tevA samAcAra paNa maLe che ke sara jemsa krUgyusana nAmanA vidvAne vRkSa ane nAgapujA ' nAmanuM eka pustaka racyuM che tenI samAleAcanA letAM mi. hIlIe bhArapUrvaka sar kaniMgahAmanI sUcanAne TakA ApyA che; eTaluMja nahi paNa vizeSamAM peAtAnA abhiprAya darzAvyeA che, ke triratna ane mUrtinI khAdya svarUpanI sAdazatA bhale jarA kheDeALa lAge che, paraMtu te bhrama-mUla upara racAyelI che. bAkI sAdazyatA che te niHsaMdeha che. . A pramANe vidvAna mahAzayA, jee adyApi paryaMta pAtAtAnA viSayamAM niSNAta ane eka sattA samAna lekhAtA AvyA che; temanA-ane te paNa eka nahIM, paraMtu khabhe traNa traNa ( sara kaniMgahAma, mi. hIlI ane OM. rAjendralAla mitra ) jAnAabhiprAye| jyAre sahamata thatA jAya che, tyAre A vicAra| taddana hasIne kADhI na nAMkhatAM, vizeSa nahIM teA krIkIte bArIka kaseATIe temane kasI jovAnI ApaNI eka anivArya krUraja thaI paDe che. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa uparanA pArigrAphamAM A mUrtinA mahAtmya vize bhinna bhinna sthaLethI je vicArA darzAvavAmAM AvyA che tenAM avataraNA TAMkI TAMkIne TAMkelAM viveca- te uparathI sArarUpe ApaNe keTalAka nAnI guMthaNI muddAe tAravI kADhayA che; jemake pR. 323 uparanA traNa ane pR. 325 uparanA cha maLI ekaMdara nava; te vaidimayatAnuyAyI samartha vivecakakAranA kathana uparathI tAravI kADhelA che. uparAMta 327 ane A pRSTha upara je sAta muddAe jaNAvavAmAM AvyA che te, saMzodhananA viSayamAM vizArada gaNAya tevA e traNa-yure|pIya vidvAna jevA tadana taTastha gaNI zakAya tevA-niSNAtajaneAnA kathana uparathI tarI nIkaLatA mAlUma paDayA che. ekaMdare 9+7=16 muddAo thayA. uparAMta, pArigrAphanI zarU AtamAM jaina dharmanI keTalI mAnyatAe jete ItihAsane TekA che tevI varNavI khatAvI che. ATalI sAmagrI ApaNI pAse meAjIda paDI che. have tenA upara vicAra karatAM kAI nirNaya khAMdhI zakAtA hAya tA bAMdhIe. ApaNI pAse tapAsa hAtha dharavA mATe sAmagrI teA dhaNI AvI paDI che. paraMtu tenI gAThavaNI kharAkharI na karAya, tyAMsudhI AgaLa vadhavAmAM ghaNI muzkelIo paDe tema che; ekalI vigatA uparathI ja bhale badhAM anumAna karavAmAM AvyAM hAya, paraMtu te anu mAnane AgaLa pAchaLanI aitihAsika paristhitithI samarthana maLI jatuM heAya, teA temane anumAnanI kATimAMthI upADIne nirNayanI prATimAM mUkavA jevAM kahevAya kharAM. chatAM te khanAvAnI hakIkatAne kevaLa meLa khAtI ja jaNAvIne khesI rahevAya, teA dhaNIe vakhata tenirNaya uthalAi javAnI khIka rahe che. te mATe te vigatAne kALadarzaka AMkathI majabUta banAvavAnI jarUra rahe che. eTale uttamamAM uttama ane taddana nirbhaya mArga e kahevAze, ke badhI aitihAsika vigatAne samayanA AMka sAthe guMthIne, temate anukramavAra gADhavI batAvavI joI e. te niyamAnusAra ApaNe kAma levuM paDaze. jethI karIne upara darzAvelA seALa muddAne sAra, samaya www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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= == caturthe paricheda ] gUMthaNI 729 paratvene ane vigata paratvene, ema be vibhAge mUrtionI vigatemAMthI nIkaLatA sArane vicAra karI ApaNe prathama vahecI nAMkhavo rahe che. samaya para laIe. mUrtio zrIkRSNa, temanA bhAI baLarAmajI vicAratAM sAra e nIkaLe che ke, jagannAthajInuM tathA bahena subhadrAjInI che. mUrtinuM svarUpa ane maMdira je svarUpamAM sAMprata kALe UbhuM che, te svarUpe sthAna uparanI goThavaNa jotAM, bauddhadharmanA triratnane prAcIna samaye nahetuM ja. saMbhava che ke tenA upara te maLatAM Ave che eTale saMbhava che ke te mULe bauddha aneka samaye dharmakrAMtinA eALA prasarI rahyA haze. dharmanI paNa hoya. te anumAnane e vicArathI temAM jayAre judA judA samaye te maMdiranI sthiti samarthana maLe che ke, mUrtinI bhItaramAM asthinI sthApanA darzAvAI che, tyAre ApaNane te uparathI kAMIka nirNaya thayela che. A hakIkata jagajAhera che. vaLI bIjI bAju bAMdhavAne sakAraNa avakAza maLI rahe che. eka muddo vaidika matAnuyAyIo asthino sparza ja apavitra gaNAve ema jAhera thayuM che ke te sthaLe aneka maMdiro hatAM; che eTale tene aDakavAthI snAna karavAnI AvazyakatA 1 I. sa. 800nI AsapAsa teone nAza thaI mAne che. AthI te pUjanIka te gaNeja zI rIte ? gayo hato. te bAda vaLI kaI mAlavapatie tyAM eka mATe te vaidika dharmanA siddhAMtanIja virUddha che; jethI maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM, jeno nAza kayAre thaye te kahI mUrtione vaidika dharma sAthe saMbaMdha zaMkAspada che. zakAtuM nathI. tema tene nAza karanAra kaI rAjasattA mUrtio beDoLa che temaja aMdhakAramaya oraDAmAM hatI ke naisargika banAvane lIdhe teno nAza thaI gayo padharAvela che. te mUrtionA camatkAra vize aneka hatuM te paNa aMdhakAramAMja rahyuM che. paraMtu eTaluM prakAranI AkhyAyikAo tathA daMtakathA pracalita che. kharuM ke, i. sa. 58mAM jyAre te pradeza upara tyAM mahAprasAda dharAvAya che je sarva yAtrike sthAna, yayAti kezarI nAme rAjAne amala cAlatA hatA, te jAti ke varNanA koI paNa prakAranA bhedabhAva sivAya samaye tenAM avazeSa upara eka maMdira bahuja moTA saharSa Aroge che ane tema karI potAne pAvana thayela pAye-moTuM kharca karIne baMdhAvavAno teNe irAde samaje che. ATaluM khuda mUrtionA saMbaMdhamAM jaNAyuM sevyo hato, ane te pramANe kAma AraMbhAyuM paNa che. have maMdiranI racanA saMbaMdhImAM, je jaNAyuM che te hatuM. paraMtu lagabhaga 75 varSe-eTale tenI pachI cothI vicArIe. mukhya maMdira eka vizALa cokamAM che, te peDhIe thanAra rAjAe te saMpUrNa karAvyuM hatuM. A ImA- cokane pharato bIjo koTa che. mukhya maMdiranA pravezaratane tathA tenI sAthe ubhAM karela aneka maMdiranA dvAra pAse ekaja pattharamAMthI banAvela meTA staMbha che. nAza karIne paNa karI naMkhAyo hato. kayAre te jaNAvAyuM A pramANenI maMdiranI racanA jagannAthapUrInA sthaLethI nathI. paraMtu I. sa. 1198mAM kaI anaMga bhImadeva thoDe dUra Avela bhuvanezvara tIrthamAM paNa lagabhaga eka nAmanA rAjAe te bAbata mana upara lIdhI ane sarakhI rItanI jovAmAM Ave che. je mukhya taphAvata karIne teno punarUddhAra karAvyo. vartamAna maMdira che tyAM najare paDe che te mUrtinA saMbaMdhamAM dekhAya che, tyAM ApaNe nihALI rahyA chIe te moTA bhAge tenA pUrInA jevI camatkArIka mUrti nathI. paraMtu anya samayane ja namuna jaLavAI rahyo che ema gaNavuM zivaliMga bIrAjamAna karAyelAM che. paDe che. jo ke vaccagALe keTalIka Aphate tene zIre have je samaya ane vigatene lagatI A hakIkatene AvI paDI che, chatAM chelle saMskAra je rAjA bhIma- paraspara guMthI daIzuM te tene saLaMga itihAsa deve tenA upara sIMco che, te jemane tema sacavAI A pramANe banaze -mULe mUrtio bauddhadharmane lagatI roja che. ATalI hakIkata te sAthe joDAyelA samaya hatI kemake tenAM lAkSaNika cinha bauddhanA triratnane paratvenI che ema samajAya che. maLatAM Ave che. je maMdiramAM te padharAvavAmAM AvI have te maMdiranA dekhAva temaja tenI aMdaranI hatI tene nAza lagabhaga i. sa. 300nA arasAmAM 42 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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360 TakelAM vivecananI [ dazama khaMDa thayo hato. vaLI A samaya je vAstavika heya te pR. 178). tevI ja rIte A guptavaMzIoe jyAre te banAva guptavaMzI samrATanA vakhatamAM banyo hato ema ca%NavaMzIo pAsethI avaMtinuM rAjya laI lIdhuM kahI zakAya; kemake hiMdustAnamAM AvI dhArmika tyAre paNa teonA jainadharmane lagatAM smArako avaMti kAtio aneka samaye thavA pAmI che. konA konA pradezamAMthI temaNe nAbuda karavA mAMDayAM hatAM. tema potAnA samaye tevI dhamakAtio banavA pAmI hatI tene sAmrAjyamAM jyAM jyAM teonuM cAlyuM tyAM tyAM temaNe itihAsa je kamavAra zodhavAmAM Ave te aneka pUrvanI dhArmika saMsthAone palaTo, pitAne vaidika nUtana etihAsika tane bahAra nIkaLI paDe tema che. dharmanA pracAra arthe karavA mAMDyo hate. dakSiNa bAkI te sara jona bavA pitAne mata ApatAM hiMdamAM AnA purAvA aneka maLe che. te pramANe pUrva jaNAve che ke, "bhAratavarSama chatanI dhArmika aura hiMdamAM paNa temanAM pagalAMne pratApa pharI vaLyo hoya rAjanItika-krAMtimAM huI hai, ItanI saMsAra ke anya te na mAnavA jevuM nathI. matalaba e thaI ke i. sa. kisi dezameM nahIM huI" A pramANe je aneka dharma- 300nI AsapAsa je dharmakrAtine lIdhe A sthAnanA kAtio bharatakhaMDamAM thavA pAmI hatI temAMnI eka mULamaMdirane nAza thaI gayAnuM sucana thayuM che, te mauryavaMzanI samApti thatAM zuMgavaMzanA amale, tenA uparamAM varNavelI guptavaMzI samrATanA samaye temaNe vaidika matAnuyAyI bhUpatioe AdarI hatI; jemanAM AdarelI pravRttinA kAraNarUpa samajI levI. vRttAMtamAM ApaNe joI cUkyA chIe ke anyamatanA akeka te bAda koI mAlavapatie tyAM maMdira baMdhAvyuM bhikSakanA ziramATe rAjA animitra-kakie so se hatuM. I. sa. 580 nA arasAmAM yayAti kezarI rAjA dInAranuM inAma jAhera karyuM hatuM. tevI ja rIte eka thayo te pUrve tene paNa nAza thaI gayA hatA te bIjI dhamakAnti avaMtipati guptavaMzIonA pAdagamana vAkyane ukela barAbara karI zakAtuM nathI. kemake mAlathavA mAMDyAM tyAre AraMbhAi hatI. temaja temanA sattA- vapati zabda. bhAratIya ItihAsamAM I. sa. 533mAM kALa daramyAna te cAlu rahI hatI. tenA purAvAmAM temaNe jyArathI agnikuliyA rAjapUtanI cAra zAkhA uddabhavI je rastethI prathama (uttara hiMdanA vidaDa prAMta-mithilA tyArathIja vaparAzamAM Avyo hoya ema sAmAnya rIte nagarI ane saMyukta prAMte surasena-mathurAvALA bhAga- samajAya che; ane i. sa. 533 thI 180 sudhImAM A mAMthI) hiMdamAM praveza karyo tyAMthI mAMDIne je je mulako kaliMgapradezIya bhUmi upara koI avaMtipati mAlavachatatA gayA, tyAM tyAM pitAne pazupatipama dAkhala patinuM jera jAmavA pAmyuM hatuM ke kema, te karatA gayA hatA. eTaleja mathurApati kuzanavaMzI nakkI thayuM nathI. paraMtu jo teomAMnA keAI pradeza vAsudeva pahelAne tathA tenA vaMzajene potAnA vaMzane uparanuM svAmitva meLavavA bhAgyazALI te thayo jainadharma choDI devo paDa hatA ( juo uparamAM hoya, to te paNa mukhya bhAge jaina dharma pALatA (13) maurya sAmrA. Iti, pR. 208. prajAno je rAja hoya te "mAlavapati' kahI na zakAya. (64) je ke (juo pR. 324 upara kalyANa mAsikanA tema te prajAnuM rAjya thavA pAmyuM hoya evuM kayAMya ItizivAM 990nAM avataraNo) A varNana bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranuM hAsamAM noMdhAyuM nathI eTale te prazna vicAra rahetA nathI. che paNa bhuvanezvara ane jagannAthapurInA maMdira vaccenuM (66) jue temanI nAmAvaLI mATe pu. 1 pR. 187nI aMtara mAtra 5-10 mAilanuM ja che eTale baMne pradezane vaMzAvaLI. A samaye tyAM yazodharmana uphe vikramAditya ane svAmI ekaja hoya ema mAnIne ahIM sthiti varNavI che. vaLI vRddha bhojadevanuM rAjya hatuM. vaidika matavALA ema mAne che ke temane maMdiranI racanA eka ja prakAranI che tethI saMbhavita che. A rAjAo temanA dharmavALA hatA, jyAre jene mAne che baMnenuM nirmANa paNa kadAca lagabhaga eka samayeja thayuM hoya. ke temanA matAnuyAyI teo hatA. paraMtu te samayanA anya (65) mAlavA nAmanI eka prajA satalaja nadInA Asa- paradezI rAjavIone dharma jotAM, vizeSa saMbhava teo jainapAsanA pradezamAM vasatI hatI ema jaNAvyuM che paNa te dhamAM hovAno thAya che.

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caturtha paricheda ] gUMthaNuM 331 hovAthI, teNe pelA guptavaMzIoe karela kArya upara ApaNe mAnavAnuM tema kAraNa maLe che ke temaNe te pAchuM pANI pheravI vALyuM hoya e banavAjoga che. baMdhAvyuM haze. jo teNeja baMdhAvyuM Thare te, mAlavapatie athavA bIjI eka sthiti ema saMbhavita che ke, A baMdhAvela maMdirane vinAza rAjasattAnA jore A samaye 5Nu, maurya samrATa azokamAMthI tenA paitra kezari rAjAoe karAvyo hato ema mAnavuM raheze. dazaratha ane zAlizukathI nIkaLela zAkhA je (juo ! A kezari rAjAonA samaya bAda I. sa. 8mI 2. pR. 297thI pariziSTa 4) magadha upara rAjya calAvI sadInA prAraMbhamAM vaLI bIjI eka dharmakrAti AvI rahI hatI ane jemAMnA eka zazAMka rAjAnuM astitva hatI. A samayanI krAnti kAMIka vadhAre baLavattara hatI. I. sa. 7 saikAnI AdimAM jaNAvAyuM che, te magadhapati te samaye vedAMta dharmanA mahAna pravartaka zrI Adya zaMkarArAjAonI sattAmAM te pradeza hoya ane temaNe paNa cAryane uddabhava thaI cUkyo hato temaNe vaidika dharmane A maMdiranA sarjanamAM thoDoghaNo hisso purAvyo pracAra paNa bahu acchI rIte karavA mAMDe hatA. A heya; athavA 580mAM yayAti kezarInuM vRttAMta bhuvane- samaye mAlavAnI gAdI upara8 devazakti nAme rAjA zvarane lagatuM che paraMtu jagannAthapurInA maMdira ne lagatuM hato; ( tenA nAma uparathI dekhAya che ke te atula nathI. vaLI te sthAne maMdira te I. sa. 1199mAM parAkramI haze ane tethI teNe kadAca vikramAditya nAma anaMga bhImadeve baMdhAvyuM che jethI te sthAne I. sa. paNa dhAraNa karyuM haze). tenA samakAlIna tarIke gavAli300 thI 1198 vaccenA samaye kaI mAlavapatie yaranI gAdI upara yazodharmanA nAme rAjA hatA.9 maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM ema artha nIkaLe che. game tema hoya A paNa ati parAkramI hevAthI vikramAditya nAme paNa AvI anizcita sthitimAM ApaNe bhArapUrvaka oLakhAto hato. temanA rAjyakALe vAkapatirAja jaNAvI nathI zakatA ke guptavaMzI samrATe te maMdirane nAmanA mahAna vaidika paMDita thaI gayA che. te vAliyara nAza karyA pachI kayA mAlavapatie athavA kayA rAjyanA eka bhUSaNarUpa gaNAtA hatA. gADavahenuM je bIjAe teno punaroddhAra karyo hato ? athavA te pustaka racAyuM che te A vAkapatirAja ane yazodharmanane lekhakanuM vaktavya paNa kadAca yukitapUrvaka goThavAyuM hoya. AzrayIne lakhAyeluM che. A yazodharmananA samaye jenA paraMtu eTaluM kharuM che ke yayAti rAjAnA hAthamAM te saMpradAyanA tevAja eka prakhara AcArya bappabhaTTasUri pradezanI lagAma AvI ke teNe bhuvanezvaranA maMdiranA hatA. A vAkyatirAjane ane bappabhaTTasUrine vAda sthAna upara navIna svarUpamAM bIjuM baMdhAvA mAMDayuM hatuM. thayo hato jenA pariNAme vAkapatirAje jaina dharma teNe ghaNuM dravya te maMdira upara kharacyuM che. tenI pachI aMgIkAra karyo hato (juo pu. 3. pR. 262). tema lagabhaga 75 varSe trIjI peDhIe thayela tenA vaMza je- uparokta vaidika matavALA AcAryoe pitAne prabhAva te pUrNa karyuM che. jema A bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira kezarI vaMzI paNa anya rAjAo upara pADayo hato. matalaba ke te rAjAoe baMdhAvyuM che tema jagannAthajInuM maMdira paNa samaye hiMdabharamAM dharmakrAMtinuM eka jabaradasta mojuM temaNe baMdhAvyuM ke kema? (juo TIkA naM. 60) te ja ke pharI vaLyuM hatuM. eTale te vakhatamAM A sthAna vaidika nakkI nathI kahI zakAtuM, paraMtu atihAsika paristhitithI dharmanuyAyIonI bhAvanAne vizeSa poSatuM thaI paDela (17) zaMkarAcAryajIne samaya A pramANe batAvAya che. ekAe thayA hatA. janma I. sa. 788=vi. saM. 844; bhavabhUti I. sa. 190-750 Azare; maraNa I. sa. 820=vi. saM. 876. umara varSa 32 vAkapatirAja paNa te ja samaye Azare; A samaye kumArilabhaTTa, temanA banevI maMDana mizra (18) juo pu. 1 pR. 187mAM Apela vaMzAvaLI. tathA govIMdadAsa ItyAdi, vedAMtapamI mahAsamartha vAlIo- ' (19) A mATe 5.1 5.187mAM ApelI vaMzAvaLI mAM,

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32 TakelAM vivecanenI [ dazama khaMDa hovuM joIe ane tenI jAherajalAlI tathA prakhyAta vidha kAraNothI, upara darzAvela nirNayane majabUtI anukrame dina para dina vadhatI javA mAMDI haze. te maLatI jAya che. bAda vaLI kadAca thoDAM varSa-musalamIna amala vakhate- have jyAre siddha thaI cUkyuM che ke, I. sa. 700nI tene thoDI ghaNI japhA pahoMcI hoya ke na pahoMcI AsapAsa tene nAza thaI gayo hato ane mULa mUrti heya. ema karatAM bAramI sadImAM je maMdira rAjA boddha dharmanI havA saMbhava che tyAre te vize vaLI anya anaMga bhImadeve baMdhAvyuM te thoDA ghaNA pheraphAra sAthe koI prakAza paDe che ke kema te joI laIe. te vartamAnakALa sudhI emane ema cAlyuM AvyuM che. vAtane patto levA mATe A sthAna upara kayA kayA eTale AkhI carcAno sAra e thayo ke, je vastu- dharmavALA rAjAnI sattA I. sa. 200 sudhI thavA pAmI sthiti 36=9 mudAmAM, samaya paratve jaNAvI gayA che tene abhyAsa karavo joIe. chIe tene ItihAsane Take che eTale te satya kare I. sa. pU. 475 thI 372 = 103 varSa cedivaMzanI; che; ane tethI A maMdira saMbaMdhI temAM varNavelI kSemarAjathI mAMDIne te vaMzanA aMta sudhI. sthiti, je mULamAM te maMdira bauddha dharmanuM hovuM joIe I. sa. pU. 37ra thI 204=168 varSa mAryavaMzI tathA tene nAza I. sa. 300 AsapAsamAM thayo samrATanI; caMdraguptathI mAMDIne te vaMzanA aMta sudho. hovo joIe; te vastu ApaNI tapAsanA pAyA I. sa. pU. 204 thI I. sa. 300=00 varSa tarIke svIkAravI rahe che. uparanA nirNayane bIjI rIte uparAMtanI aMdhapationI mukhyatAe tathA nAnAM paNa pAchuM samarthana maLe che kemake asthine vaidika nAnAM anya svataMtra rAjavIonI. matavALA te apavitra ja mAne che ane eTaluM te. uparanI rAjasattAonI hakIkata tapAsatAM mAlUma sarvamAnya che ke, mUrtinI bhItaramAM zrIkRSNanuM asthi paDaze ke, Akho eNdivaMza jena dhama hatA. A che ja; ane te uparathIja vaidika matavALAo te mUrtine maryavaMza-vacce azakavardhananA 41 varSanA amala pitAnI havAne dAva AgaLa dhare che. je te asthi sivAya-jenadhamAM hatA ane aMdhapatiomAM -TapaNe na heta temaja kRSNa-baLaddha ke subhadrAnI mUrti na jaina tathA vaidika dharmane prasAra thayo hato. ApaNe heta te teo cUpa ja besI raheta. atre vaidika matane vicAra karavo te varjita karyo che vaLI bIjI be traNa bInA paNu vaidika matanI eTale bauddha dharma ane jaina dharmane ja rahe che. mAlikI TharAvavAnI virUddha jatI dekhAya che. vaidika matamAM temAM baiTha dharmanI te mUrti hevAnI zaMkA thaI che mATe sparyAspazyane bahu meTuM mahatva apAyuM che jayAre tenIja tapAsa levI rahe che. ane te na sAbita ahIM vahecAtA mahAprasAdanI prathA che tethI ulaTuM ja thAya te pachI tene jena dharmanIja mAnavI paDaze. bhAna karAve che kemake sarva yAtrika pitAnAM sAti, varga, bauddha dharmanI TharAvavA mATe samrATa azekavardhananA dharma ke sAmAjIka baMdhananI paravA karyA vinA tene saharSa samayanIja vicAraNA karavI rahe che je temanA samaye ArogI zake che. bIjuM ema che ke aMdhakAramaya devakaI dharmakrAnita thayAnuM maLI Ave che ke kema. temanuM bhUvanamAM divasanA bhAgamAM paNa dIpaka vinA bhAgye ja jIvanacaritra lakhatI vakhate evI hakIkata ApaNe mUrtinAM darzana karI zakAya che. AvI sthiti devadarzana mATe puravAra karI gayA chIe ke temanA putra mahendra ane ubhI karavAnuM zuM kAraNa? vaLI trIjI sthiti e che ke putrI saMghamitrAne baiddha dharmanI dIkSA ApIne bedhivRkSa jagannAthapurInA jevI ja mUrtinuM eka trika. sAMcI sAthe silonamAM javA mATe je bhAvabhInI vidAya mukAmethI maLI AvyuM che ane sAMcInA sthAnane kaI ApI hatI te A pradezamAM Avela mahAnadInA rIte vaidika dharma sAthe saMbaMdha hoya tevuM atyAra sudhI mukha AgaLathI dIdhI hatI; eTale jevuM rahe che ke e paNa purA nedhA nathI. AvAM AvAM ane te samaye A krAMtine banAva banavA pAmyuM hatuM ke

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caturtha pariracheda ] gUMthaNa 333 kema? joke ApaNI pAse tevI koI vigata azoka- upara AvI cUkyA che tene have ke maLe che ane varSananA rAjya dhAyAnI paDI nathI eTale ekadama pariNAme te mUrtio hAla te ApaNe jene dhamI tenI tarapheNamAM mata uccArI zakIe tema nathI. hevAnuM mAnavuM rahe che, sivAya ke tenI virUddhamAM paraMtu sAMcI pradezamAM paNa AvI trimUrtio jaDI anya purAvAo raju thaI Ave. AvI che ane sAMcIne paNa vidvAne bauddhadharmanA A pramANe je nirNaya Avyo che tene uparamAM sthAna tarIke adyApi gaNI rahyA che tathA te je Apela soLa mudA sAthe ghaTAvI joIe, ane barAbara prakArano dharmaprema dharAvato hato, naryAlaya jevAM sthAne baMdhabesatA thatAde khAya te teTalA pramANamAM tene vadhAre teNe je ubhAM karAvyAM che tathA teNe je manuSyakala majabUtI maLI gaI kahevAze. te muddAo atre pharIne karAvI che temaja jIvatAM ne jIvatAM temane bALI varNavavA jarUra nathI. paraMtu dareke dareka mudo laIne mUkAvyAM che. I. I. prakAranAM varNana jyAre tene vize ame meLavaNuM karI joI che ane khAtrI thaI che ke vAMcIe chIe tyAre anumAna thaI jAya che ke kadAca te mUrtione jainadhama dhArI levAthI te sarve muddAo te prakAranI dharmakAnti te pradezamAM teNe karI mUkI saMpUrNa rIte saMtoSAya che. chatAM temAMthI je traNeka paNa heAya ? paraMtu te mUrtio zrIkRSNanI temaja tenA mudA vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa mAMge che te vAcakavarganI jANa bhAI bahenanI che te sthiti upara jyAre vicAra mATe atre raju karIzuM. te traNa muddA A pramANenA karavA besIe chIe tyAre turataja azokavardhanane che (1) mUrti vizenI AkhyAyikAomAM varNavAto khyAla ApaNe magajamAMthI khaseDI nAMkhaja rahe camatkAra (2) cekamAM ubho karAyele moTe rataMbha che; kAraNa ke bauddhadharmane ane zrIkRSNane ke temanA (3) ane zrIkRSNa tathA temanA bhAIbahenane vaidika kuTuMba sAthe koI prakAranI levA devA paNa nathI temaja matAnuyAyI atyAre mAnI lIdhA che tenuM kema? zrI kRSNanA vakhatamAM baiddha dharmane janma paNa thaye te traNe mudAnuM samAdhAna A pramANe karI zakAya che. nahote, eTale ke baiddhadharma sAthe paNa te mUrtione camatkAra vize-je krAMti kavAliyarapati thazenisabata nathI. tyAre te kayA dharmanI mAnavI ? zuM dharmananA samayanI AsapAsa thavA pAmI hatI tyAranI vidvAnuM anumAna cheTuM che? javAba eTalo ja che ke, A vAta che. te samaye zrI siddhasena divAkara uparamAM sAbita thaI gayA pramANe jyAre vaidikanI ane nAmanA eka prakhara zaktizALI jainAcArya thaI gayA brahanI te nathI tyAre jainadharmanI ja hoI zake che. vaLI che, temano vihAra pradeza avaMti ane gvAliyaranI priyadarzinanA vRttAMte ApaNe jaNAvI gayA chIe ke vaccenuM manAya che. jaina sAhitya graMthomAM evI tene azoka gaNIne baMdhamAM mAnyo che ane te matalabanI hakIkata banyAne ullekha karAyele mAluma hisAbe tenA dharmakAryane aiAddhane lagatA TharAvI dIdhAM paDe che ke1 teo eka rAtrInA nikAvaza thayA hatA, che te badhI bhramaNa have teDI naMkhAI che. eTale tevAmAM temane svapna AvyuM ke zaheranA smazAnauparanI carcAnA aMte ApaNe je nirNaya upara mArge mahAkALezvara nAmanuM je zivaliMga che temAM (70) sAmAnya mAnyatA pramANe A siddhasena divA- sUrine samayavicAra' zIrSaka nAmanA lekhamAM lagabhaga ne kAri vikramAdityanA samakAlIna manAya che. eTale ke 30 pRSThomAM karI che te juo.) temano samaya i. sa. pU. pa7 che. amArI mAnyatA pramANe (1) vizeSa vigata mATe jaina sAhitya graMze juo. teo A vAliyarapati vikramAdityanA samakAlIna kare che (2) te samaye A zivaliMgajInuM sthAna ujainI nagate AdhAre temano samaya atyAra karAvyAnI noMdha karI ranI bahAra smazAnanA mArgo hovAnuM manAyuM che; kemake je che (AmanA samayanI vicAraNA jaina dharmaprakAza-mAsikapatra vikramAdityanA samakAlIna tarIke teo manAyA che te avaMtibhAvanagara sa. 1980 aMka 6-~-0mAM "haribhadra- pati hatA. mArI gaNatrImAM temane vihAmoza avaMti ane

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334 TakelAM vivecanenI [ dAma khaMDa zrI pArzvanAthanI mUrti chupAyelI paDI che mATe amuka staMbhane sAmAnyapaNe "mAnastaMbhanA nAmathI oLakhavidhi pramANe prayoga karavo eTale zivaliMgajI phATaze vAmAM Ave che. AvA staMbha ubhA karavAnI prathA ane temAMthI te mUrti pragaTa thaze. te pramANe temaNe kyArathI amalamAM AvI che te vize koI khAtrIpUrvaka karyuM hatuM. Ama thavAthI je pArzvanAthajInI mUrti samaya jaNAvI zakAya tema nathI. paraMtu uparamAM pragaTa thaI tenA camatkAra vize dezaparadeza khabara sAbita karI gayA pramANe mULa maMdirane nAza je phelAI javA pAmI Aja pramANe pArzvanAthanA nAmanI I. sa. 300 AsapAsa thaI gayo hato te samaya sAthe aneka prakAranA camatkAranI 3 daMtakathAo parvatamAM uttara ke dakSiNa hiMdamAM kyAMya te mAnajoDAyelI che ke jethI temanI sthApanA judA judA staMbha ubho karAye hevAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. jo ke sthaLe karIne, te te sthaLane AzrayIne nA pADavAmAM samrATa priyadarzine, eka pattharamAMthI banAvela (MoAvyAM che. jema eka AkhyAyikA atra varNavIne tenA noithic) sataMbhalekho aneka sthaLe ubhA karAvyA camatkArano TUMka khyAla Apyo che, tema haju AgaLa che, paraMtu tevA staMbhonI Toce amuka hetupUrvaka siMhAkRti jatAM eka bIjI AkhyAyikA utAravI paDaze. tethI teNe mUkAvI che. keI sthaLe dIpaka pragaTAvavA jevI khAtrI thaze ke AvA camatkAro pArzvanAthanI mUti vyavasthA karAvyAnuM dekhAtuM nathI tema vaLI teNe sAthe to parApUrvathI4 joDAyelA mAlama paDe che. ubhA karAyelA AvA staMbhalekho mAtra uttara hiMdamAM ja cokamAMnA ubhA karAyelA taMbha vize-AvA dekhAya che. uparAMta eka bIjI hakIkata yAda Ave che; vAliyaranI vacce AvajAvane thato hato ema che. vikra- haThAvavA ja lAbhadAyaka mAnIne tene temane temaja jALavI rAkhI mAditya nAmaja koNa jANe evuM thaI paDayuM che ke temane hoya ema dekhAya che. siddhasenajIe pragaTa karelI mUrti teja koI anya pradeza karatAM urjananI sAthe ja saMbaMdha hovAnuM hovA saMbhava che. je zuMgavaMzI amale uparanuM AcchAdana thayuM manAI javAya che. chatAM mAne ke te vAliyarapati hatA hoya to, punara prAkaTaya I. sa. pU. 57mAM TharAvI zakAze, athavA teM temane samaya i. sa.nI ADamI sadIne badale paraMtu guptavaMzI amale thavA pAmyuM hoya te punar prAkaTaya I. sa. pU. nI pahelI sadIne have te paNa A mUrtinA I. sa. 8nI zarUAtamAM gaNAze. amArI gaNatrI pramANe camatkAravarNanamAM kAMI bAdhA AvatI nathI. ahIM te cama- guptavaMzI samayamAM tenuM AcchAdana thayeluM samajAya che.]. kAra paratveja varNana lAgu pADavAnuM che eTale ke pAzva (3) jue uparanI TI. naM. 64nA aMtima bhAganuM nAthanI mUrti sAthe A prakAranA camakAre saMlagna thayelA lakhANa. vaLI vizeSa mATe juo pu. 1 pR. 76nI TIkAnuM che. (vaLI sarakhA gata paricchede pR. 303 TIka naM. 81nuM varNana temaja 5.1 5. 197 ane 224 pAne bIjI lakhANa) [saMbhava che ke, je mUrti siMdhupati rAjA udAyInanI devI pratimAnI hakIkatanuM varNana che. tathA uparamAM dAsI pitAnI sAthe avaMtimAM lAvI hatI ane je mATe 5. 325 "te mUrtinuM mahAmavALA pArAnI zarUAtanuM udAyIne avaMti upara caDAI karI hatI, ane je murti varNana vAMco. devI vANIne lIdhe avaMtimAne avaMtimAM ja rahevA devI paDI (ja) pAzvanAthano samaya bhale I. sa. pU.nI 8mI ja hatI teja A mUrti hoya (juo pu. 1 pR. 127 ane sadIne che, chatAM temanuM avataravuM, tIrthaMkara thavuM I. I. cama224). te mUrti emane ema tyAM rahI hatI. avaMti upara kAro to gatakALanA kevalajJAnI ane tIrthaMkarothI jANatA hoya jana rAjAo thayA tyAM sudhI te tene vadhe nahIM ja Avyo. ja. temaNe bhaviSyamAM thanAra pArzvanAthanI hakIkata potAnA paraMtu zuMgavaMzInA rAyakALe ke guptavaMzInA rAja amale jJAnabaLe jANIne prasaMgopAta jagatane nahera karelI che je te mUrtinI avadazA karIne zIvaliMgajImAM gupta rIte saMtADI uparathI lokoe temanI mUrtio bharAvI bharAvIne pUjavA rAkhavAmAM AvI hoya kemake te pratimA camatkArika hevAne lIdhe mAMDI che. pArzvanAtha sadehe AvyA pUrve paNa temane mahimA tene nAza karavo te phAvyuM na hoya, ke na hitakAraka lAgyo je khUba khUba gavAyo che tathA temanI mUrtio banAvAI hoya; eTale tenuM bAhya svarUpa badalIne mAtra te lAbha che tenuM kAraNuM upara pramANe samajavuM. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha pariccheda ] gUMthaNI 335 dakSiNa hiMdamAM jaina dharmanI eka zAkhA je digaMbara thaI gayela che ke rAmAyaNamAM je rAmalakSmaNadi vIra saMpradAyanA nAme oLakhAya che temanI sthiti, jamAvaTa punuM tathA mahAbhAratamAM je pAMDavakaurava yoddhAonuM ane jora dhIme dhIme dakSiNa hiMdamAM jAmavA mAMDayuM ane dvArakAnA je yAdavenuM varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. vaLI dakSiNa hiMdamAMpa aneka rAjavIe te che, te sarve vaidika matAnuyAyIo ja hatA. jyAre jenadharmanA anuyAyI paNa banyA hatA. A digaMbara dharmIo ema mAnatA AvyA che ke uparanA sarva jenee je maMdire-devAlayo banAvyAM che ane jemane mahApurUSo jainadharmI hatA. A baMne dharmavALAo pAse basatI nAmathI oLakhAvAya che te devAlayanA pitatAnA saMpradAyAnusAra temanA jIvanaprasaMgonI prAgAMgaNamAM hamezAM Avo moTo mAnastaMbha ubho hakIkata varNavatA >> paNa che. AmAM konI mahattA karAvAte hato ja. tenAM aneka citro dakSiNa kenerAmAM vadhAre vajanadAra che te bAbatamAM ApaNe utaravAnuM AvI rahela bastIvALA zaheranuM varNana ApatA projana paNa nathI, tema ApaNe adhikAra paNa nathI; sarakArI riporTomAM najare paDe che. matalaba ke AvA vaLI ahIM prasaMga paNa nathI. eTale te prasaMgane mAnastaMbha ubhuM karavAnI prathA I. sa.nI pAMca cha sparyA vinA, ApaNI pAse je sthiti upasthita sadImAM dakSiNa hiMdamAM khUba joramAM paNa hatI. jyAre thaI che teTalA puratI vigatanI ja tapAsa ApaNe levI ApaNane jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke (uparamAM juo rahe che. pu. 7. pR. 86 TI. naM. 24mAM ema hakIkata ) yayAti kezarI rAjAe I. sa. 580nA jaNAvAI che ke rAjA kie mathurAmAM AveluM kRSNaarasAmAM baMdhAvela bhuvanezvaranA maMdiramAM paNa AvA maMdira toDI nAMkhyuM hatuM. te uparathI e sAra upara eka moTA arUNataMbha ubho karAvyo hato. eTale AvavuM paDayuM hatuM ke zrI kRSNanuM maMdira vaidika matAnusamajAya che ke te samayanA pracalita dhArmika matAnu- yAyI nahi paNa jaina matavALAnuM haze; paraMtu te kathana yAyIonA arasaparasanA saMsarga ane vasavATane laIne jainasUvAnusAra hatuM eTale te hakIkata upara vizeSa eka bIjAnI nakala karavAnA pariNAmarUpe te prathA madAra bAMdhIne kAma levA yogya nahotuM gayuM. paraMtu uddabhavI hoya. A prakAranI racanA prathama keNe karI sarva dharmanA mukhya gaNAtA zAstragraMtha hamezAM te zodhI kaDhAya che temAMthI ghaNo sAra kADhI zakAya. pramANika hovAnuM ja mAnavuM rahe che sivAya ke tenI prathama digaMbaree karyAnuM jo sAbita thAya te vaidika virUddha bIjuM koI paNa sapramANa tatva maLI na matavALAoe tenuM anukaraNa karyuM hatuM ema svabhAvika Ave che. eTale te niyamAnusAra jainasatra graMthanuM rIte kahevAya; athavA te jInAlayone zivAlayo tarIke kathana hovA chatAM te bAbata zaMkA lAvavA kAraNa na bhUlAvo khavarAvavA jANI joine tema karavAmAM hotuM ja. A pramANe bane bAjunI dalIla karI zakAya AvyuM hatuM ema paNa anumAna derAya. tema che. paraMtu ahIM te graMthanA karatAM vizeSa sabaLa zrI kRSNa tathA temanA bhAI bahena kyA dharmanA gaNAtA sthApatyanA purAvAo maLI AvyA che ane anuyAyIo hoya te bAbata sAmAnya rIte vartamAna te paNa saMzodhanamAM rasa letA, taTastha ane sattAkALe evI mAnyatA ja jainetara prajAmAM zraddhAbaddha samAna lekhAtA vizArada purUSoe TakelA. temane (5) ajaMTAnI guphAo, badAmI tathA hAlanA maMdira AkhIe uMcAImAM dIpaka mUkavAnI racanA kare che (A che. temanA samayanAM dRSTA kahI zakAze. niyama sarvathA sacavAyalo che ke kema tenI pADI tapAsa (76) pAchaLathI A prathAe vadhAre jora pakaDayuM lAge mAMge che) che; chatAM eka taphAvata tarapha kAMIka dhyAna kheMcavA jevuM lAge (77) A hakIkatano phaDace lAvavA mATe A dharmache. jainonA mAnastaMbhamAM TheTha uparI bhAgeja dIpaka pragaTA- kAnti thaI te pUrvenA je zivAlaya baMdhAyA hoya tenuM vavAnI goThavaNa hoya che. jyAre vaidika matavALAo staMbhanI nirIkSaNa karavuM joie. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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mUrti vizenA 336 eka purAvA te mUrtinI bhItaramAM asthi padharAvela hAvAnA che tathA khInne zrI jagadIzvaranA jevI ja anya trimUrti, avaidika evA sAMcI nAmanA sthaLethI maLI AvI che tene che (A baMnenuM varNana uparamAM pR. 372 apAi gayuM che te jue ). A badhA genA vicAra karatAM hAla te ApaNe emaja nirNaya karavA paDe che ke zrI kRSNanuM maMdira vaidika matanuM nathI paraMtu jaina matAnuyAyInuM che ane tenA pariNAme temAM padharAvelI mUrtivALI vyakti paNa jainadharmAMja mAnavI paDe che. [ dazama khaMDa potAnI vRtti saMteASavA kaI aMtima de paheAMcI jAya che tenA kAMI neTa ja hAtA nathI. nAnAmAM nAnA ane nirdoSa pheraphArathI mAMDIne vadhAremAM vadhAre mAtra apamAnajanaka ja nahIM paraMtu hRdayamAM vasI rahelI saMjo-veravRttine paNa tRpti pamADI zake tyAM sudhInuM parivartana karavAnI hrade paheAMcI zakAya che.78 uparamAM varNavela siddhasena divAkare karI khatAvela camatkAranI khAkhatamAM asala mUrtinuM rUpAMtara karIne je sthitimAM tene jALavI rakhAI hatI te uparathI AvA prasaMge karAtA pheraphAranuM mApa ApaNe kADhI zakIe chIe; te pramANe A mUrtinA saMbaMdhamAM paNa thADeNe aMze banavA pAmyuM hAya79 ema mAnavAmAM vAMdhA jevuM dekhAtuM nathI; kemake mUrti peAtAnA asala svarUpamAM paNa nathI tema tene padharAvela sthAnethI svabhAvika rIte80 darzana karI zakAya tevI rIte khIrAjamAna paNa karAyelI nathI. vaLI je svarUpamAM hAla te sthApana karavAmAM AvI che tenuM varNana karatAM eka lekhake A pramANe zabdo lakhyA cheH--jagannAthanI mUrtinA raMga kALA che. tenAM netre! gALAkRti, mastaka capaTuM, ziranA zikhare eka catuSkANa kakaDA, nAka mATuM, ane aNIvALuM ane mukha ardhacaMdrakAranuM che--81(AgaLa khaLabhadrajI ane subhadrAjInI mUrtinuM varNana kareluM che) jagannAthajInI mUrti DAbI bAjue birAjamAna che. madhyamAM subhadrAnI sthApanA karelI che ane jamaNI bAjume khaLabhadranI yAjanA karavAmAM AvI che.82 A pramANe thayela pheraphAranA svarUpane kAMika khyAla ApyA bAda, tenA camatkAra vize paNa thADuM ghaNuM jANI levuM ThIka gaNAze. tenA mahAprasAda A pramANe sALe muddAe ghaTAvI levAyA che tathA temAMnA je traNa muddA vize vizeSa khulAsA karavAnI jarUra dekhAtI hatI te paNa karAi gai che eTale tenuM samAdhAna thai jatAM ema sAra kaDhAya che ke, te tri-murti jainadharmAnuyAyI vyaktienI che; ane tethI te maMdirane paNa jaineAnuM ja kahevuM paDaze. uparamAM atihAsika purAvAo ane nivedaneAnI guMthaNI karIne, je je vastue zakya hatI te sarvanI tarapheNamAM ane virUddhamAM jatA mUrti vize vizeSa saMyeAgeAnA paNa vicAra karI lIdhe| ane chevaTanA sAra che tathA je nirNaya yeAgya lAgyA te jaNAvI dIdhA paNa che. ahIM te saMbaMdhamAM, je kAMi vizeSa khAtamI jaina ke ajaina pramANamAMthI maLI zakatI hAya tene vicAra ApaNe karIzuM. dharmakrAntinA samaye A mUrtinuM asala svarUpa badalAyuM hatuM te te itihAsa sidda bAbata che ja; tema e paNa jANIe chIe ke AvuM svarUpa badalAvanAra Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat (78) amadAvAda, bharUca, dIlhI Adi rAherA, jyAM muslIma rAjasattA bahu jheramAM jAmI hatI, tyAM AvAM daSTAMtA vizeSapaNe najare paDatAM dekhAya che. tevIja rIte dakSiNa hiMdamAM jyAre rovamArgI rAjasattA era upara hatI tyAre tyAM paNa A prakAranAM dAMte banyAM hAvAnuM jaNAyuM che. (79) jIe pu. 3 pR. 256 TI. naM. 15. (80) te pustaka pR. 114 tathA 115. (81) AvuM kadarUpa lepanA ADAavaLA lacakA cApaDIne karI zakAya tema che; tema karavAne ArAya, kadAca maLa svarUpa DhAMkavA puratA paNa hoya. vaLI sarakhAvA nIcenI TIkA naM 82. (82) Ave! krama gAThavavAnA hetu paNa mULa vastu uparathI anya dizAmAM dhyAna kheMcI lai javA puratA kadAca heAya, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha paricheda ] chevaTane nirNaya 337 saMbaMdhI-3 TALavaTALa jevuM kAMI nathI te te suprasiddha pramANe zrIkRSNa karyuM hatuM ane kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke, ja che. sAthe sAthe te paNa suvidita che ke jemAM yathAsthita sUcavyA pramANe badhuM banyuM hatuM tathA zrIasalanA samaye jJAtibheda ke varNabheda jevuM kAMI hatuM ja kRSNane jaya maLyo hato. jaina granthamAM jaNAvela nahIM. paraMtu roTIvahevAra ane beTIvahevAranI prathAne che ke A mUrti hAlamAM uttara gujarAtamAM Avela dhArmikakSetrathI para gaNune, mAtra sAmAjIka paristhiti zaMkhezvara nAmanA gAme sthApana karela che tathA sthAnanA sAtheja guMthavAmAM AvI hatI (juo pu. 1 pR. 25; nAma uparathI zrI zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha tarIke prasiddha thayela 267 I. I.) A mUrtinI sAthe jyAre zrIkRSNanuM che. paraMtu jyAre zrIkRSNa ane jarAsaMdha vacce jAmela nAma joDAyuM che tyAre temanA samaye eka dhaTanA je yuddhanA sthAna vize vicAra karIe chIe tyAre ene banavA pAmI hatI tene nirdeza, jena sAhityamAMthI anumAna baMdhAI jAya che ke te mUrti kadAca A jagannAtha maLI Ave che tenuM varNana karavuM asthAne nahIM nIvaDe; pArzvanAthanI paNa hoya. jema zaMkhezvara pArzvanAthanuM tema te uparathI mUrtimAM rahela camatkArane khyAla paNa mahAma jainamAM jANItuM che tema A jagannAthanuM AvI jaze. kahevAya che ke eka pakSe kRSNa vAsudeva ane paNa hovAthI, tene vidha vidha pArzvanAthanI nAmAva te samayanA magadhapati jarAsaMdha prativAsadeva; LImAM guMthI nAkhIne eka stavananA rUpamAM goThavI te benI vacce magadhanI bhUmi upara yuddha thayuM hatuM. dIdhuM che. mUrti zaMkhezvara vALI hoya ke jagannAthavALI temAM jarAsaMdhane amuka vidyAnI siddhi thaI hatI. hoya, paNa koI eka pArzvanAthanI te hatI ja; eTale teNe pratipakSI-zrIkRSNanA sainya upara A vidyAne uparokta camatkAra sAthe pArzvanAthanuM nAma saMkalita prayoga karyo hato, jethI temanuM lazkara mRtyuvata-jaDa- thayeluM che teTalI vAta satya che ja. AvI addabhUta cetana rahita banI gayuM hatuM. A vidyAnA nivAraNa mATe pratibhAvALI mUrtine atyAranI janatA paNa tevAja zrIkRSNa ISTadevanI ArAdhanA karI hatI. deve, gharaNuMka dvArA bhaktibhAvathI bhajatI rahe che te paNa sarvathA banavA eka mUrti ApIne jaNAvyuM ke pArzvanAthanI A mahA yogya ja che. vartamAnakALe A jagannAthapurInA tIrthane camatkArika mUrti che te dhe tathA te mUrtine prakSAlana karI, mahimA.eka advitIya ane alaukika tIrthadhAma tarIke tenuM je havaNuM thAya tene sArAe sanya upara chAMTa; prasarI rahelo che. A vaijJAnika jamAnAmAM jyAre eTale sAmApakSe mUkelI vidyA palAyana thaI jaze. te kevaLa jaDa vastuonuM ja prAdhAnya-sAmrAjya vartI (83) mahArASTramAM paMDharapura zahera vIThAbAnI yAtrAnuM aMtarIka, anAvare, amIjhare, pavitra dhAma che tyAM paNa A prakAre TALavaTALa sivAya jIrAvalo jaganAtha tIratha te namuM 2 10 | prasAdanI vaheMcaNI thAya che. temaja jagannAthapurInA sthaLe *AmAM jaganAtha lakhyuM che paraMtu te jagannAtha zabda je meLAo bharAya che tenA, ane vIThAbAnA sthaLe bharAtA hovo joie. jaganAtha lakhAyAnA be traNa kAraNuM samAya meLAnA, samaya paNa jaina parvonuM sUcana karatA hoya evA : eka to piMgaLanI racanA pramANe niyamane lIdhe tema bhAsa utpanna kare che. karavuM paDayuM hoya, bIjuM rAsa meLavavA mATe tema karAvyuM hoya eTale ke, mahAprasAdanI vaheMcaNI, bharAtA meLAnA ? (jema aMtarIkSa ne badale aMtarika lakhyuM che tema) trIjuM mULa divaso tathA athinA spezyathI na thatI AbhaDacheTa, I. I. zabda jaganAthaja hoya, paraMtu temAM pheraphAra karIne havethI vigere muddA upara lakSa kheMcavuM rahe che (A bAbata bhisA jagannAthapurI lakhAtuM thayuM hoya; eTale mULa zabda sAco hoya TopsamAM varNavAyelI che). athavA jema hamezAM banatuM AvyuM che tema lahiyAe kayAMka (84) tIrthamALAnuM stavana che temAM 9 tathA 10 bhUla khAdhI heya. matalaba e che ke, stavanamAM je lakhAyuM kaDIo A pramANe che - che te have hAthIguphA jevA zilAlekhathI puravAra thayelI zerisare, zaMkhezvara, paMcAsarere, bInA samajavAnI. eTale tene etihAsika satya tarIke ja phalethI sthaMbhaNu pAsa; tIratha te namuM 2 | 9 | svIkAravuM rahe che. 43 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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338 sAta dhAmonI [ dazama khaMDa raNa gaNAya che tyAre paNa je tIrthanI ATalI sthitimAM ApaNe mUkAyA chIe eTale have tenuM badhI kIrti ane mahimA gavAtAM hoya, te tIrtha vivecana atra karIzuM. te kaDI A pramANe che. vize prAcIna kALamAM, ke je samaye prajAmAM dharma ayodhyA, mathurA, nAthA, rA, dAMta, vaMtier upara prakharatama zraddhA vahetI hatI te kALe, tevI pUrI vatI jaiva vartatA jovA / prabhAvika mUrtinI pAchaLa rAjA ke prajA gAMDIghelI vaidika saMpradAyamAM kayA tIrthasthAno mukhya mukhya banI jAya te zuM banavA yogya nathI? eTale AvI gaNAya che te darzAvavA uparanI kaDI racAI che. temAMnA amRta mUrti mATe samrATa padavIdhAraka rAjA khAra ayodhyA, mathurA, kAzI, avaMtikA ujainI, purIka velanA kuTuMbIo tathA naMdivardhana jevA magadhapatio jagannAthapurI, ane dvArAvatI=ArikA, A nAmanI aneka varSothI aMdara aMdara dharmayuddha laDayA karatAM cha nagarIone bhAvArtha turata samajI zakAya tema che. dekhAya che temAM Azcarya pAmavA jevuM paNa zuM gaNAya paraMtu "mAyA" ane "kAMcI'nAM be sthAne jarA spaSTItemaja priyadarzina je samrATa, potAnI hRdayeSThA karaNa mAMge che. mAyA nAmanI nagarI sAthe bauddhadharmane darzAvavA tathA bhaviSyanI prajAnI doravaNI mATe eka itihAsa saMkalita thayo kahevAya che. eTale vaidika ne badale babe khaDakho tyAM AgaLa goThavI, khAsa85 karatAM te sthAna bauddhadharma sAthe vizeSa saMbaMdha dharAvatuM smAraka ubhuM karAve temAM ayukta paNa zuM che? A kahI zakAya tema che. tevI ja rIte kAMcInuM paNa kahI sarva vigate sAthe pU. 327 upara te mUrtinuM mahA' zakAze. kAMcI te to dakSiNa hiMdamAM jene kAMjIvarama= vALA pArigrAphamAM je tAraNa ApaNe tAravI batAvyuM kAMjIvarama kahevAya che tenuM TUMku nAma che. tyAM vaidika che, tene sAthe rAkhIne nirNaya karavAnuM rAkhazuM te, dharmane koI prasaMga banyo hoya tema jaNAyuM nathI. nizaMka kahI zakAya tema che ke, te jagannAtha purInuM ulaTuM baiddha saMpradAya mATe vidyAprAptinuM moTuM sthAna dhAma tathA temAM sthApita karAyelI mUrtio jaina te gaNAya che. vaLI uparanI kaDImAM AryAvartane lagatAM saMpradAyane lagatAM ja smArako hevAnuM dekhAya che. tIrthane ullekha karavAno hetu vizeSa che, jyAre kAMcI pu. 1 pR. 181 TI. naM 93 mAM hiMdanAM meTAM tIrtha te prAcIna kALe anArtha manAtA evA dakSiNa dezamAM sthAnanAM nAma gaNAvatAM nIcenI kaDI TAMkI che ane AveluM gaNI zakAya. eTale A be tIrthone-mAyA jaNAvyuM che ke vizeSa carcA ane kAMcI nagarIone-zAmATe uparanI kaDImAM sthAna sAta tIrtha dhAmonI rAjA khAravelanA vRttAMte karavAmAM maLyuM haze, athavA te bene badale bIjI koI nagarInAM vyAkhyA vize Avaze. A sUcanA karavAne nAma mukavA yogya ke kema, te te vaidika dharmanA DAtA hetu e hato ke te kaDImAM purUSo jaNAvI zake tema kahevAya. * nAmanuM tIrthasnAna ApeluM che. A pUrI eTale paraMtu atre e prazna upasthita thAya che ke sAmAnyataH jagannAthapUrI samajAya che. eTale te eka bAju jaitA zabada lakhe che eTale ke DImAM pUrInI hakIkata samajAvavAne jagannAthapUrIne sAtanI saMkhyA hovAnuM jaNAve che tyAre temAM nirdiSTa itihAsa jyAM sudhI purepuro samajAyo na hoya tyAM nagarInI saMkhyA je gaNue chIe te AThanI sudhI te saMbaMdhI kAMI paNa vivecana karavuM te nirarthaka thaI jAya che. te mATe be rastA saMbhavita dekhAya che. nIvaDavA saMbhava rahe; paraMtu have tenI yathAyogya mAhitI ekamAM, sAtane badale AThanI saMkhyA sUcavate maLI gaI hovAthI te vize sapramANa bolI zakavAnI zabda mukI rASTatA lakhavuM. ane bIjAmAM jUnI tathA (5) pimAdaki ubhA karAvela zailI ane jagauDAnA khe aMta zA mATe paDayuM che te mATe juo 5ramAM 5, 240 TI na 30 nI hakIkta. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha paricheda ] vyAkhyA 36, (MvatI zabdone chUTA na pADatAM eka ja sthAna joIe; evA abhiprAya dharAvanArAonA rUDhIthusta darzAvatuM pUridvArAvatI evo samAvAcaka zabda mUko. manane kAMIka lAgI Avaze ja; te temane AzvAsana A bIjI rIta ja svIkArya gaNAya te pachI, jagannAtha- ApavAnuM ke, prathama te je mata atyAre dIkhalA purInuM tIrtha vaidika matavALAnuM uparanI kaDIne lIdhe je dalIlethI ame puravAra karI batAvyuM che te paNa sarvathA gaNAya che te baMdha thaI jaze, ane je vastu atyAra kabula thaze ke kema ? athavA te niraMtara cAlu ja rahyA sudhI ApaNe puravAra karI rahyA chIe tene ulaTuM karaze ke kema? tenI khAtrI ja kayAM che? chatAM dhAre vizeSa samarthana rUpa gaNAze. ke amArI dalIle atuTa rahI ane te mata kAyama A kaDImAM vaidika dRSTie zuM zuM pheraphAra karavA thaze te paNa pelI ukti che ke, je satya hoya che te yogya hatuM te sUcavavAnuM kArya te ApaNe vaidika mata- game teTale prayatna karyA chatAM bahAra AvyA vinA rahetuM vALA jJAtA purUSo upara choDI dIdhuM che. paraMtu jaina ja nathI. eTale satyane cAhanArane te kaI rIte khAvAnuM daSTie te kaDInuM svarUpa kevuM hovuM joIe te atra hatuM ja nathI. bIjI vAta, i. sa. 300 mAM jyAre jaNAvI daIe eTale te bemAMthI je yogya lAge te mULa maMdira naSTa karI devAmAM AvyuM ane te sthAne bhale anusaravAmAM Ave tenI vikRti ubhI karavAmAM AvI, tyAre te ubhI ayodhyA, mathurA, vAvA, saMpa, sAMvI pravRti karanAranA manamAM zuM zuM thaI rahyuM haze, temaja te pUrI tArAvatI vaiva, bhadretA molAci: I1 mULa maMdira upara zraddhA dharAvanAra haze tenI manodazA AmAM udezelI nagarIonI oLakha te spaSTa kevI thaI rahI haze? te bannenI manodazA arasaparasa che ja, chatAM thoDoka khulAso karI daIe. pAvA ulaTI ja dIzAmAM vahI rahI hevI joIe ema eTale pAvApurI te sthAne zrI mahAvIra nirvANa kalpanA karI zakAya che. vikRti karanAre sAmAnya pAmyA che. caMpA nagarIe jaina saMpradAyanA bAramA janatAnuM dhyAna satyathI alaga laI javA keTakeTalAye tIrthaMkara zrI vAsupUjya nirvANane pAmyA che (juo prayatna karyA haze chatAM kALe karIne te paDadAo have pu. 1 pR. 77. TI. 4). sAMcIne atyAra sudhI boddha ucakAI jatA najare paDe che; tema atyAre je mata, dharmanuM tIrtha dhAma manAtuM AvyuM che paraMtu ApaNe te jaina aneka dalIla ane AdhAro ApIne ApaNe sthApita dharmane lagatuM sthAna gaNAvyuM che (juo pu. 1. pR. karyo che, te sarva mudAo paNa je mAtra AcchAdanA 186 I. I.) pUrI eTale jagannAthapurI te jaina rUpe ja haze te game teTalAM tene majabUta goThavI tIrtha hevAnuM A paricchede aneka purAvA ApI rAkhIzuM te paNa, kALadevanI eraNa upara TIpAI sAbita karI ApyuM che. matalaba ke uparanI kaDI TIpAine te sarva naSTa thaI javAnAM ja che. vastune kevI rIte jainatIrthadarzikA heI zake che tenI samajUti kALakrama ja hamezAM e rahyo gaNAya che. ema ke A pramANe samajavI. . rAjendralAla mitre jyAre vaccamAM jAhera karyuM vizvanAtha jagannAthanI mUrti atyAra sudhI vaidika hatuM ke, te mUrtio bradharmanI hevA saMbhave che, tyAre matanI hovAnuM sarvatra manAyuM che. te mAnyatA have uparanA be pakSonI zI manedazA thaI haze te vicAre jyAre uthalAI paDatI dekhAya joIe? kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, je kALe je AzvAsana sAthe che tyAre saMbhavita che ke, cAlI thavAnuM hoya che te thayA ja kare che. mATe koI e, eka cetavaNuM AvatI mAnyatAmAM koI kALe koI prakAre vihavala banavuM na joIe. paNa je mudAo koI jAtano pheraphAra thave ja raju thAya te upara buddhipUrvaka vAda karavAnuM ja (81) jenA be traNa udAharaNe ApaNe uparamAM rajI paNa karI batAvyAM che (juo. 05mAM TI. na. 4, 81),

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340. ' hiMdu ane jaina [ dazama khaMDa dhoraNa akhatyAra karavuM ke jethI aMte satya heya rahetI nathI. vAMcchuka janoe nirdiSTa sthAnethI teja bahAra tarI Ave. vAcI levA maherabAnI karavI, atre to eTaluM ja Aja kAla A prakArane prazna keTaleka ThekANe jaNAvavAnuM che ke sarve dharmo, pachI tene game te nAma upasthita thayA kare che. dezane pracalita kAyado kahe ApIne saMbodhe, te paNa temane mukhya Azaya pitAnA che ke te banne bhinna che, tema Azrita jIvAtmAone pote TharAvelI uccamAM ucca hiMdu ane jana sarakAra taraphathI vAraMvAra thatI kaTie laI javAne ja hoya che. pachI te uccamAM eka ke bhinna vastIpatrakanI gaNatrImAM paNa banne ucca-sarvotkRSTa sthAnane mekSanuM nAma Ape che, mATenAM Asano judAM pADela mekSane dhyeya ane dharmane-dhyAna athavA sAdhana tarIke hevAthI, te banne bhinna hoya e citAra khaDe thAya svIkAravAM raheze; ane je saMskRtine ja dhyeya TharAche. jyAre keTalAkanuM maMtavya ema che ke te banne eka ja vazo to pachI saMskArane sAdhana gaNavo paDaze. A che. babbe hiMdumAM jainano samAveza thaI jAya che. eTale pramANe eya ane dhyAna vacce rahelI paristhiti je mULa hiMdu che ane jena temAMthI nIkaLelI eka zAkhA barAbara samajavAmAM Ave, te uparanI uktinI che. A badhAM maMtavya potapotAnI daSTie sAcAM ja che sArthakatA paNa yathAsvarUpamAM turata kaLI javAze. eTale kemake dareka vastune je raSTi e jovAmAM Ave tevI ja keI paNa saMpradAyavALA kaI paNa vastune svAtavAtvamAM te dekhAya che, jethI svAvAda-anekAMtavAdane satya poSAyelI sthitisthApakatAnA kATale jokhIne tapAsavA tarIke svIkArAya che tathA sanmAnIta gaNyo che ane mAMDaze, te temane darekane te dareka vastu satya ane teTalA mATe ja dareka vastunuM svarUpa tene anusarIne tathAsvarUpamAM ja dekhAze. koIne abhinnatva lAgaze vicArAyAthI koI paNa prakArano bAdha lAvyA vinA nahIM: tema tenA pariNAme mana dukha tha te siddha karI zakAya che. tethI ja ukti thaI paDI che maLaze nahIM. je duHkha thAya che ke, dareka zabdane tenA ke cAdazI di sAdara suSTiA -athavA-cAdI yathArtha ane vizALa daSTibiMduvALI bhAvanAne badale bhAvanA tAdRzI sRsstti| saMkucitapaNe nihALavAnI ApaNumAM paDelI TevanA hiMdu ane jaina; te banne zabdo vyAkaraNanI pariNAma rUpe ja che ema samajavuM. duniyAmAM nAma paNa che ane vizeSaNa paNa che. nAma mAtra daMtakathA rUpe ja je heta, te te ApaNe tarIke tapAso te banne zabdo bhinna ja dekhAya che; haju te vAtanI avagaNanA karI zakata, paraMtu jyAM paraMtu vizeSaNa rUpe tapAse te tenI sAthe je nAma zilAlekha je abhedya purA joDavAnuM hoya te upara, tenA bhinnatva ke abhinna- mUrti ane maLI Ave che tyAM te bAbatvane AdhAra raheze, tenI sAthe dharma zabda joDIne mUrti pUjA tamAM kicidaMze paNa zaMkA hiMdudharma, saMskRti joDIne hiMdu saMskRti ke saMskAra uThAvavAne avakAza raheto nathI. joDIne hiMdu saMskAra kahe; ane teja pramANe jainadharma, ane jo mUrti hevAnuM siddha thayuM te mUrtipUjA jaina saMskRti ane jaina saMskAra kahe; te paNa te hevAnuM paNa svayaMsiddha thAya che ja. eTale eka tatvano sarve kevI rIte bhinna batAvI zakAya che ane kevI phaDa thaI gayo kahevAze ke, je keTalAka vidvAna rIte . abhinna batAvI zakAya che, tenuM spaSTIkaraNa Adhunika samaye ema maMtavya dharAvatA thayA che ke, pu. 1nI prastAvanA pR. 21 thI 24 prazna naM. 7mAM prAcIna samaye mUrti ke mUrtipUjA jevuM kAMI hatuM ja pu. 2 mAM pR. 342-44 sudhI; temaja pu. 3 mAM nahIM, te teo have zilAlekhanA AdhAre samajI 5. 247 thI 252 sudhImAM, vidhavidha rIte karI zake che ke I. sa. pU. 429 mAM mUrtipUjA hatI ja; batAvyuM che, eTale pAchuM atre e utAravAnI jarUra baje khAravelanA samaya pahelAMnI A mUrti che ane

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caturtha paricheda ] eka ke bhinna? 34 rAjA naMdivardhane te mATe laDAI AdarI hatI eTale chatAye te lekhamAM varNavelI hakIkatanI satyatA, jyAre te samaye paNa te vastuo hatI ema kahI zakAya. anya etihAsika ghaTanAthI sAbita thaI jAya che vacce ema paNa prazna karI zakAya ke te mUrti che tyAre te saMzaya taddana gaLI jAya che. matalaba ke parApUrvakALe bharAI hatI ema tame kahI gayA che hAthIguphAnA lekhane eka nagada ane satyapUrNa dastAveja mATe naMdavardhana ane khAravelanA samaye mUrtipUjA mAnavo rahe che. ATale jabaradasta ane kiMmatI bhale haze paraMtu mUrti to te samaye navI bharAvAtI ja te lekha che tathA tenuM jIvana ATaluM badhuM mahattvazALI nahotI; parApUrvathI kaI heya te te vAta nIrALI nIvaDayuM che; chatAM ajAyabI bharelI ghaTanA e che ke che. uttaramAM kahI zakAze ke naMdivardhananI vAta javA do, tenA samaye hiMdamAM pravartI rahelA je traNa dharmoparaMtu rAjA udayA te navesarathI ja pATaliputra vaidika, bauddha ke jena-gaNAyA che temAMnA ekanA vasAvyuM hatuM ane tyAM janamaMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM tathA sAhitya pustakamAM rAjA khAravelanuM nAma suddhAMta navIna pratimA padharAvI hatI, temaja te sthAnethI paNa jaNAvAyuM nathI. be yakSonI mUrti amuka lekhavALI-mUrti maLI AvI . rAjendralAla mitre pitAnA "enTIvITIjha che tathA hAlamAM kalakattAnA myujhIamamAM te saMgrahita epha erIsA mAM jAhera karyuM che ke zrI. jagannAthajInuM paDelI che tenuM kema ?87 matalaba ke mUrtio hatI te maMdira buddhadharmanuM hevA saMbhava che. ApaNe joI gayA vAta jema nirvivAda che tema amuka aMze88 mUrti chIe ke mULa maMdirano nAza i. sa. 300 nI vinA paNuM calAvI levAtuM hatuM te paNa nirvivAda che. AsapAsamAM thaI gayo hato paraMtu yayAti kezarI paraMtu A viSaya itihAsane lagate nahI hovAthI rAjAnA samaye I. sa. 580 AsapAsa nUtana maMdira tenI carcAmAM atra utaravAnuM nimprayojana che. baMUvavAnuM zarU thayuM hatuM ane 75 varSe tenI peDhImAM rAjA khAravele pote je dhArmika ane parAkrama thayela cothA rAjAe te saMpUrNa karAvyuM hatuM. eTale ke zIla jIvana gALyuM hatuM tene jIvate jAgato purAvo A badhuM parivartane i. sa. 580 ane 55 nA aMtara te hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI gALe thayuM tevuM joIe. badhe ema kahe ke je vakhate vastu eka; maLI Avela che. eTale temAM pelA bauddha yAtrika mi. yuena tsAMga hiMdamAM ceya judAM zaMkAne sthAna rahetuM nathI ja. musApharI karatA hatA, te samaye A nutana maMdira pUrNa jo ke tenA hAthe ja te lekha thayuM hatuM ke pUrNa thavAnI taiyArImAM hatuM. vaLI te pite kotarAvela hovAthI kadAca saMzaya ubho thavA pAme; A prAMtanI musApharIe Avyo paNa che. chatAM teNe (87) A samaya agAunI mUrtio hevAnA paNa nirAlaMbana avasthA prApta thaI, tyAM te te banne vastune daSTAMte maLI Ave che. paraMtu te zaMkAspada che (juo abhAva ja mAnavo paDe. A saMjogomAM mUrtio teTalA 5. 1. pR. 170. TI. naM. 55) athavA te teno samaya samaya mATe na hatI ema haju kahI zakAya. nIcenI TI. naM. 88mAM jaNAgyA pramANe thaI jato hato (89) jagannAthapurInuM maMdira ane yayAtikArIe eTale tenI gaNatrI ahI karI nathI. baMdhAveluM bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira, banne sthAna judAM judAM che. mAtra (88) amaka aMze eTalA mATe lakhavuM paDayuM che (1) pAMcathI daza gAunA aMtare ja che. paraMtu te banne pradeza eka che: AvI mUrtio je maLI AvI che te, kALagaNanAne samaya maMdironI racanA eka che; bannenA rAjavI ekaja che; rAjayadhAma jyArathI gaNAya che tenAthI pUrvAtIta che. (2) athavA to je eka ja che; eTale ekaja dharma kAtimAMthI bane, ekaja vakhate samaye mUrti vinA calAvI levAnuM hatuM ema huM mAnI rahyAM pasAra thayela gaNAya jethI je hakIkta ekane lAgu paDe te bIjAne chuM te samayanI te nahotI. paraMtu anya samaye bharAvAI hatI. paNa lAgu paDe che. te mAnyatAthI nAmanI lakhAvaTamAM temanI () mati ane martipUjA te sAlana che. jyAM vacceno arasaparasa bheda jaLavAI rahyo nathI ema samajAva, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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34 vastu eka [ dazama khaMDa pitAnI musApharInAM varNananAM je be pustake lakhyAM kalpanAthI AkhuM prakaraNa goThavI rAkhyuM hoya; A che temAM A bAbatane eka akSara vaTIka paNa prakAranuM anumAna haju banavA yogya kahI zakAze. lakhyo nathI. je te tIrthadhAma sAthe koIne koI (3) uparAMta ema paNa kahevAya ke purANomAM vaidika rIte bauddhadharmane saMbaMdha joDAyala heta, te zuM tene rAjAone ItihAsa ja AlekhAya che ane rAjA ullekha te bauddha yAtriko potAnAM pustakamAM karyA vinA khAravela vaidika na hote eTale tenA vaMzanuM Aleraheta khare ke? sAra e nIkaLe che ke te tIrtha bauddha- khana karAyuM nathI; te te paNa vAstavika nathI; dharmanuM nahIM hoya jethI teNe A bAbata mauna kemake avaidika evA maiirya samrATe, 5radezI yavana sevyuM che. AkramaNakAro, zaka prajA I. I. anekanAM, rAjakIya bIjI vAta karIe vaidika dharmavALAnI-ke. hi. kArakIdanAM vRttAMta ane isArAo temAM karela I. mAM lakhela che ke 1 His (Kharvel's) family vaMcAya che te pachI khAravelanAM vaMzamAMnA keAInuMhas found no place in the dynastic vadhAre nahIM te be cAra paMkti jeTaluMye-te vRttAMta lists of suzerains which are handed ApavuM joItuM hatuM. chatAM tema thayuM nathI. te mATe down to posterity by the Puranas=je uparamAM je bIjuM anumAna dorAyuM che ke vigata samrATenI-rAjakartAonI vaMzAvaLIo purANomAMthI DhAMkI rAkhavA mATe ja maeNna pakaDayuM haze te kAraNa ApaNane maLI Ave che temAM khAravelanA vaMzane majabUta dekhAya che. lagato kAMI IsAra suddhAM paNa maLatuM nathI. Ama trIjI vAta have jaina graMthonI laIe-vaidika ane karavAmAM purANanA lekhakano ze Azaya haze te ddha matanA sAhitya graMthamAM kadAca teno ullekha samajI zakAtuM nathI. te bAbatamAM be traNa prakAranAM na hoya te to ganImata lekhAya ane ema paNa bacAva anumAna karI zakAya tema che. (1) kadAca kahevAya ke karI zakAya ke temane je bAbata lAgatuM vaLagatuM na purANanI racanA I. sa. nI cothI sadI bAda thaI manAI hoya tevI-eTale ke pArakAnI-paMcAtamAM zuM kAma paDavuM che. te samaye jagannAthajInA A maMdira vize kAMI jANavA joIe tethI teoe cUpakI pakaDI heya. paraMtu gya banyuM nahIM hoya; tethI temAM beMdha levAI nahIM jainone te ulaTo, A rAjAne prasaMga eka garava heya. A dalIla ke tema nathI, kemake mULamaMdirane samAna hatA, jyAre tenAthI aneka prakAre nAnA nAza te I. sa. 300nI AsapAsa thaI gayA hatA ane durlAya karavAyogya rAjavIonAM varNano temaNe eTale purANotpatti samaye A hakIkata badhI tAjI jhIlavAno prayatna sevyo che tyAre A rAjA che, ja hevI joIe. (2) jayAre bIjuM anumAna e karI temanAmAM prAtaHsmaraNIya gaNAya tevA temaja dharmonnati zakAya che ke, A maMdira vaidika saMpradAyanuM have manAva- karanArAmAM agresara gaNAya evA rAjA kumArapALa ane vAmAM te AvI gayuM che eTale rAjA khAravelanuM ke tenA rAjA saMprati jevAnI haroLamAM mUkavA yogya gaNAya pUrva vi. nuM varNana je lakhavAmAM Avaze to tenA te che te zuM tevAnuM nAma paNa levAnuM bhUlI javAya ? vizeSa uDANamAM koIne utaravAnuM mana thaze ane pari. AnA jevuM kRtana bIjuM zuM gaNAya? kharekhara che NAme satya vastu je che te bahAra paNa AvI paDaze. paNa temaja; koI jAtane uttara ApI zakAya ke ema thAya te nAlezI jevuM gaNAya. mATe te vasta bacAva karI zakAya tevuM dekhAtuM nathI. eka vakhata bahu prakAza ja na pAme te bahetara gaNAya evI amArI evI mAnyatA baMdhAI hatI ke, rAjA khAra (90) jIo rekarDajha opha dhI vesTarna varlDanAM be pustake, je agrejI anuvAda tarIke paDayAM che te. (92) jue te pustaka 5. 536, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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caturtha pariccheda ] dayeya judAM 343 vela kadAca jainamatAnuyAyI nahIM hoya paraMtu AjI- tarapha anyAyabhareluM pakSapAtipaNuM batAvAyuM che vika matano haze. tethI tenuM nAma lakhAyuM nahIM hoya. ema nyAyane khAtara noMdhavuM ja rahe che. matalaba paraMtu vicAra karatAM te mata bInapAyAdAra hato. kemake ke jaina graMthakAronI cUpakIdInuM kAraNa zodhyuM . rAjA khAravela eka te AjIvika ja na hota, ane jaDatuM nathI. hoye to paNa AjIvikA matanA utpAdaka ane sthApaka amArA eka madadanIza zrIyuta saMghavInI sAthe evA gozALakanA nAmano temaja jIvanano paricaya A bAbatanI carcA thatAM te ema jaNAve che ke, jenagraMthomAM keTalAye apAya che; to AvA upakA- pUrvadezanA prAcIna samayanA keTalAka jainagraMthane, raka mahA rAjavIne, vizeSa nahIM te kaliMgajInanI vinAza thaI gayo che eTale rAjA khAravelanA kaliMgamUrtine aMge laData calAvanAra tarIke temaja sUtra dezanuM varNana maLatuM nathI. keTaleka aMze amane A graMthonA saMrakSaka tarIke te, jarUra ja tenuM nAma kathana vyAjabI lAge che kemake teno ullekha hAthIjALavI rAkhavAnuM Avazyaka hatuM ja; eTaluM paNa guphAnA lekhamAM paNa rAjA khAravele karyo te che ja. jyAre thayuM nathI tyAre kahevuM paDaze ke jaina graMthakA- chatAM A viSaya tapAsa te mAMge che ja. roe rAjA khAravelane teTale darajaje ghora anyAya A pramANe rAjA khAravelanuM jIvana caritra lakhavA ja karyo che. jaina graMthakAroe kaI divasa dharmaSa nI bAbatamAM eka viSaya paratve-traNe dharmanA sAhitya paSyo nathI ja. temaNe to guNagrAhIpaNuM ja dAkhavyuM graMthonA lekhakonA Azayo-bhinna bhinna hovAnuM che ne dAkhavavuM joItuM hatuM. eTale te niyame paNa atyAre dekhAya che. eTalI noMdha karIne have A ( AjIvikA matano hota to paNa) rAjA khAravela pariccheda puro karIzuM. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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* ja. S L paMcama pariccheda rAjA khAravela (cAlu) TUMkasAra--(3) rAjA khAravela (cAlu) hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM Avela 103 nA AMka saMbaMdhI calAvela vizeSa vicAraNA tathA temAM cedi saMvatanI zakayatAne batAvela sadaMtara InkAra-trikaMliga zabdanuM kareluM spaSTIkaraNa tathA samaya samaya paratve samajAveluM tenuM svarUpa-rAjA khAravelanAM AyuSya ane rAjyakALanI karelI carcA-tenA kuTuMba parivAra vizene Apela khyAla, tathA te saMbaMdhI pravartI rahela keTalAka zramane karela sphoTa-tenA rAjya vistAra saMbaMdhI upADela vivAda-tathA te samaye hiMdanI pazcime IrAnI akhAta ane pUrve IDeniziyA (sumAtrA, jAvA, Akapelege Adi) TApuo sudhI vikaliMganA vatanIonA thayela dezavihAra saMbaMdhI kareluM yathocita vivecana, jethI te TApuonA vatanIone hiMda sAthe joDAte dekhAI Avate saMbaMdha-tenA sAmAjIka tathA dhArmika jIvana paratve baMdhAyela anumAnanuM kareluM nidarzana-priyadarzine ane khAravele vividha kSetramAM gALela jIvananI karelI sarakhAmaNI (4) vakragrIvaH parvatezvaranuM, rAjakIya temaja sAmAjIka daSTie, ApeluM vRttAMta- je karUNa saMyogomAM tenA jIvanane aMta AvyuM hatuM tenuM kareluM varNana (5) malayaketuH makaradhvajanA rAjya amalanuM varNana tathA divaMzane Avele aMta- Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paMcama paricheda ] 103 nA AMkanI samaja 345 hAthIguMdAnA lekhamAM Avate 103 ne AMka gayA chIe. vaLI bIjI rIte paNa te AMka cedi nada ke marya saMvata hovAnI je mAnyatA cAlu Ave saMvatane nathI ema puravAra karI zakAya che.... . che te khoTI che ema ApaNe 103 nA AMka je te AMka cedi saMvatane levAya che tene ke pU. ra67 thI 270 mAM bahu prAraMbha i. sa. pU. 558mAM thayo gaNAya eTaluM badhA vizeSa arachI rIte sAbita karI ApyuM te cokakasa ja; te hisAbe 103 nuM varSa i. sa. che. uparAMta te AMka vizenI bIjI zakyatA havAne pU. 455 mAM Ave ke je khAravela rAye pAMcamuM muddo ApaNe ApaNI smaraNAthI ubho karyo hate. varSa hatuM ema hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM spaSTa jaNAvAyuM te be zakayatAmAMnI ekamAM, te AMka cedi saMvatano che. eTale sAra e thaze ke rAjA khAravelanuM gAdIhevAno ane bIjImAM mahAvIra saMvatano hovAne nazIna thavuM I. sa. pU. 46mAM thayuM gaNAze, tathA hato. temAMye mahAvIra saMvatane je te hoya to, tenI tenA pitA vRddhirAjano rAjyaamala I. sa. pU. Adi kayAMthI temanA nirvANa kALathI eTale I. sa. 46 0 thI 400 sudhIne ane rAjA kSemarAjane samaya pU. 5ra7 thI ? athavA te temane jJAna prApti thaI I. sa. pU. 470 thI 506 sudhIne gaNAze. A pramANe tyArathI eTale I. sa. pU556 thI thayAnuM saMbhavita gaNatAM Akho ItihAsa ja uthalI jato dekhAze. matache ema prazna upasthita karyo hato. A badhA praznonA laba e thaI ke 103 no AMka cedi saMvatane lagate -muddAnA-uttara paNa ApaNe pR. rara-74 ApI dIdhA bIlakula che ja nahIM. che ke te AMka cedi saMvatane nathI paNa mahAvIra prAcIna itihAsamAM trikaliMga zabdano prayoga saMvatane ja che tema tenI Adi zrI mahAvIranA aneka vakhata karavAmAM Avyo che. ane sAmAnyataH nirvANa kALanA samayathI ja gaNAI che, nahIM ke umaMga, yA, ane e temanA jJAna prAptinA samayathI. trikaliMganuM svarUpa nAmanA traNa pradezane jhumakheupara pramANe sarva sthitinI cokhavaTa karI samuha-e tene artha karAya che. naMkhAI che chatAM kiMcita saMzaya ( juo. pU. ra04 paraMtu A pramANenI mAnyatA AgaLa dharavAmAM koI TI. naM. 55 ) batAvAyo hato ke kadAca te AMka vizvasanIya purAvo ke dalIla raju karavAmAM AvatI cedi saMvatane heI zake che, jene khulAso AgaLa nathI. eTale jema prAcIna itihAsaka aneka kissAmAM ApIzuM. atra te viSaya hAtha dharavo rahe che. banatuM AvyuM che, tema A bAbatamAM paNa mAtra kalpanAmAM - je cedi saMvatane te AMka hoya te tenI zara- besatuM AvyuM athavA zrotrapriya lAgyuM mATe Ama Ata mahArAjA karakaMDa I. sa. pU. 558mAM gAdIe banavA pAmyuM hovuM joIe ema TharAvI devAyuM che? beThe tyArathI thayelI gaNAya. te hisAbe 103nI ke te kathana vAstavika hovAthI ja vaparAtuM thayuM che? sAla eTale I. sa. pU. 55 thAya; jyAre nadivardhananuM te ApaNe tapAsI joIe. maraNuja i. sa. pU. 456mAM eTale ke tenI pUrve eka pu. 1 mAM aMga deza 1 ane cedi dezanI varase thaI cUkayuM hatuM. eTale te nahera naMdivardhane bhegelika sthitinuM varNana karatAM trikaliMga zabdamAM prathama khedAvI hoya e banI zake nahIM. A athavA kayA kayA pradezane samAsa thai zake tema che te prasaMge te Ane maLatAja muddA upara te 103ne AMka pAta jaNAvI dIdhuM che. paraMtu te sarva muddA ekatrita cedi saMvatane heI na zake ema ApaNe batAvI karIne tathA temane vyavasthita guMthIne raju karAya te tene (1) jue 5.1 5. 106 tathA 5, 140 thI 146 nuM lakhANa tathA tene lagatI TIkAo. (2) juo pu. 1 pR. 164 thI 166 sudhInuM lakhANa tathA tene lagatI aneka TIkAo.

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346 ziva trikaliMganuM dazama khaMDa sacoTapaNe khyAla AvI zake teTalA mATe A viSaya patine ane vacce magadhapatine mulaka hatA. have karIne atra raju karIzuM vicAro ke, aMga aMga ane kaliMga e traNenuM samuhagata (1) prathama te "trikaliMga'nA samuhamAM je traNa rAjya kayAre saMbhavI zake che, jyAre te traNenI hadanI dezane mUkavAmAM Ave che te traNene arasaparasamAM vacce koI rAjyanI phAcara AvatI na hoya te ja. temanI vacce koI jAtane saMbaMdha-sAmyatA- jevI ke eTale ke te traNenI sImA eka bIjAne aDI rahelI saMskAranI, vastInI, bhASAnI I. I kaI jAtanI) hoya te ja, Avo te keAI purAvo maLatA nathI. hevAnuM batAvavAmAM AvatuM nathI, tema dekhAtuM paNa ulaTuM hAthIguphAnA lekhamAMja magadhapati ane kaliMgapati nathI. atyAre paNa nathI tema te vakhate hevAnuM, bane bhinnapradezI ane sattAdhArI samartha samrATa paNa itihAsanA pAnethI siddha thatuM nathI; te pachI hovAnuM batAvAyuM che. sAra e thayo ke, trikaliMganA te saMbaMdhInI ekatAratA zI rIte meLavI zakAya ? samuhamAM hAlanI mAnyatA pramANenA aMga, baMga ane (2) chatAM kavacita kavacita asaMbhavita dekhAtI kaliMga dezo karI zakatA ja nathI. vastu paNa jema saMbhavita banI jAya che, tema naM. 1 mAMnI [TIppaNa-eka rAjyanI hakumatavALA sarva pradezo, sthiti-traNe dezane eka samuha tarIke mAnI levAnI- eka bIjAne aDIne-sparzane ja rahevA joIe, e ApaNe mAnya rAkhI laie te paNa pAcho virodha siddhAMta uparanI dalIlamAM je ApaNe AgaLa dharyo e AvIne ubho rahe che ke che tenI viruddhamAM evo bacAva karavAmAM Ave che, temAMnA aMgadezane, hAlanA vidvAno bihAra prAMtamAMnuM te niyama bhale sAmAnyapaNe haze paraMtu sarvathA bhAgalapura paragaNuM gaNe che ane baMgadezane, vartamAna tema hotuM nathI ja, kemake vartamAnakALe kAThiyAvADa ane baMgALa prAMtamAMnA murzidAbAda chalAne ane tenI gujarAtamAM paNa zrImaMta gAyakavADa sarakAranA aneka dakSiNe TheTha samudra taTa sudhI laMbAtA pradezane gaNatA mulake. vacce anya rAjavIonA pradeza AvI jAya dekhAya che. jyAre kaliMganI hada uttaramAM mahA nadI che. tenA javAbamAM jaNAvavAnuM ke te dalIla bina ane cilkA sarovarathI zarU thatI mAne che. jo ke pAyAdAra che; kemake ApaNe vAta karIe chIe sArvaA pramANe kaliMga dezanI hadanI mAnyatAmAM paNa ma sattA dharAvatA samrATenI; jyAre daSTAMta ApIe temanI bhalaja thatI dekhAya che; chatAM takarAranuM chIe tevA samrATanI sattAmAM rahelA ardha-Azrita samAdhAna thatuM hoya te thavA devuM, te sihAMte ApaNe sattA bhogavattA rAjyonI. matalaba ke sArvabhauma sattA temanuM maMtavya kabUla rAkhI laIe chIe. te paNa A jevA samrATanA hAtha taLenA rAjAonA mulAke, pramANe mAnI levAmAM muzkelI e Ave che ke tetrikamAMnA mukhyata ekabIjAne aDoaDa ja Avela hoya che. aMgadeza ane baMgadeza, banne pAse pAse ane aDAA vartamAna kALe yuropIya prajAmAMnA zAsakAnA mulake je AvelA hevAthI ekaja rAjyanI hadamAM haju temane cAre khAMDamAM chUTA chavAyA patharAyala najare paDe che samAveza thato kahI zakAya, paraMtu baMgadeza ane kaliMga- tenuM kAraNa e che ke, teo vaccenAM paraspara hite dezanI vacce te hAlanA bardavAna midanApura, bAlA- sAcavavA mATe amuka amuka prakAranAM baMdhane ghaDAyelAM sera, kaTaka vigere jIllAo AvI jAya che ke je che ane tene AzrayIne te sarvene vartana rAkhavuM paDe che. anya rAjavInI hakumatavALA pradezo gaNAtA hatA. je samayanuM ApaNe varNana karI rahyA chIe te samaye A pAchalI bhUmi te samaye magadhapatine tAbe hatI. te prakAranI rAjanItija nahotI. te samaye to; jenA eTale ke aMga-baMga haju kaliMgapatinA gaNAya; te pachI hAthamAM tenA moMmAM-eTale ke taddana svataMtrapaNAnI; magadhapatine pradeza Ave ane te bAda pAcha kaliMga- athavA bahute gaNapaddhatinI eTale ke ardhasvataMtrapaNe patine kaliMga deza Ave. matalaba ke, AsapAsa kaliMga- rAjya calAvavAnI rAjanIti pracalita hatI. te mATe

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paMcama paricacheda ] samajAveluM svarUpa 37. atyAranI paristhitine daSTAMta te samayanI rAjanIti khAravele, mULa kaliMganI dakSiNethI vadhatAM vadhatAM, TheTha paratve lAgu pADI zakAya tema nathI.] siMhaladvIpanI sImAMte, pAMDaya rAjA upara paNa (3) naM 2 nI dalIlamAM aMgadezanuM sthAna, teNe vijaya meLavyo hato ane tenI pAse potAnI vartamAnakALanA vidvAnonI mAnyatA pramANe bhAgalapura sattA kabUla karAvarAvI tyAMthI aDhaLaka dravya paNa kalo lekhIne ApaNe tenA satyAsatyano vicAra harI lAvyo hato. temaja kaliMga ane pAMDanI vacce karI gayA chIe. paraMtu vAstavika rIte tenuM sthAna Avela celA ane pallava rAjyane paNa tAbe karI (juo pu. 1 pR. 179) vartamAnanA madhyaprAnta lIdhA hatA. matalaba ke tAmila, telugu, ane uriya vALA pradezamAM che. eTale tene AzrayIne paNa A bhASA-draviDIyana gaNAtI traNa mukhya bhASA bolatA prazna vicArI levuM joIe. te pramANe aMga ane prAMta upara teNe vijaya meLavI potAnuM svAmitva kaliMganAM sthAna te cakkasa che ja, paraMtu baMga zabdane besAryuM hatuM (juo hAthIguphA lekha paMkti 11 ne jyAre vicAra karIe chIe tyAre tene ullekha anuvAda) eTale te traNa pradezanA-kaliMga, colA ane prAcIna granthamAM thayAnuM najare paDatuM nathI; eTale pAMDaya-samuhane vyAjabI rIte ApaNe rAjA khAravelanA te te Adhunika prayoga samajAya che. ane te ja samayane trikaliMga' samuha kahIe te vAstavika pramANe sthiti je hoya te, trikaliMgamAM aMga, baMga gaNAze. vaLI te traNe prajAnI bhASA, draviDIyanamAMthI ane kaliMganuM joDakaNuM ubhuM karavAmAM, mUruM nAti kutaH utpanna thayela hovAthI te sarva prajA saMskRtimAM rANA jevuM thatuM hoya ema zuM nathI lAgI AvatuM ? tathA anya AcAra vicAramAM temaja sAhitya (4) aMga, baMga (vaMga) ane kaliMgane badale, vizeSamAM paNuM arasaparasa ghaNI ja sAmyatA dharAvatI aMga, vaMza ane kaliga te traNa dezanA samuhagata hevI joIe ema mAnI zakAya. rAjyane trikaliMganuM nAma ApIe te te yacita (6) uparAMta, dhI hisTarI opha orissAnA che ema bhaugolika daSTie paNa mAnya rahe tema che; kartA vidvAna che. Ara. jI. benarajI mahAzaye pu. 1 kemake te traNe dezanI sImA paraspara saMlagna thayelI pR. 43 thI AgaLa je varNane ApyuM che te uparathI che. tema etihAsika purAvAthI, kaliMgapationAM utkala, kAMgoda ane kaliMga maLI trikaliMga thatuM hoya jIvanavRttAMtathI (juo pu. 1 pR. 160thI AgaLa)temaja ema samajAya che. temAM temaNe utkalane dAdara ane mahArAja karakaMDa mahAmedhavAhananA rAjya vistAranA vaitaraNI nadI vaccene, kegodanA be bhAga uttara hevAla uparathI paNa siddha thaI jAya che. eTale ke dakSiNa pADIne vaitaraNI ane baMgadhArA nadI vacce ItihAsa ane bhUgoLathI te binA sAbita thaI ane kaliMgane baMgadhArA ane medAvarI nadI vacce, jatI hovAthI vizeSataH mAnanIya gaNavI rahe che. pradeza lekhAvyo che. matalaba ke dAmodara ane godAvarI (5) naM. 4 mAM jaNAvyA pramANe, mahArAjA nadI vaccenA pradezane temaNe trikaliMga manAvyo che. karakaMkunA samaye, cedivaMzanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI (7) jyAre ja. e. bI. pI. sa. pu 14. te vakhate-bhale aMga, vaMza ane kaliMganA yuthane trika- mR. 145 mAM lekhaka mahAzaye trikaliMganuM svarUpa vaLI liMga kahevAmAM AvatuM hatuM, paraMtu hAthIguMphAmAM sarvathI judI ja rIte varNavI batAvyuM che. temaNe spaSTa derAyala citra uparathI, cakravartI khAravelanA samaye lakhyuM che ke, It has been discovered that te trikaliMganuM svarUpa juduM ja paDI jatuM hatuM ema the Kalinga people went to Burma, samajAya che. temAM je aneka vijaya meLavavAnuM rAjA long before the Christian era and khAravelane sAbhAgya prApta thayuM hatuM te sarva hakI- established a kingdom which comkatanuM joDANa karatAM e sAra kaDhAyuM che ke, rAjA prised three districts & hence called

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[ rAma khaMDa Mudukalinga (Mudu means three in the Telangu language) or Trikalingas . "whole country was a part of the Trikalinga ''. Trikalinga Kalinga, Kongad and Utkal=evI zodha karavAmAM AvI che ke, isavInI pUrve lAkhAkALe kaliMganI prajA barmAmAM gaI hatI ane tyAM saMsthAna jamAvyuM hatuM, temAM traNa " hAthINuMkAnA lekha uparathI samajAyuM che ke, 103 nI sAlamAM, tenA rAjyAbhiSaka thayAne pAMcamuM varSa cAlatuM hatuM. vaLI A kmAMka mahAvIra saMvatanA ja che e pazu ApaNe gata paricchede puravAra karI gayA chIe. eTale gaNitazAstranI dRSTie hisAba karatAM tenA rAjyAbhiSeka prAMtAnA samAveza thatA heAvAthI tene mudukaliMga (telaguma. saM 98 (103-5=98)=i. sa. pU. 4ra9 mAM thayA hatA ema nizcayapUrvaka have kahI zakAze. vaLI tenuM rAjya 36 varSa cAlyuM hatuM ema jaNAvAyuM chaeN. ane jyAre rAjyAbhiSeka thayeA tyAre tenI umara 25 varSanI" hatI ema teNe pAte ja lekhamAM jaNAvyuM che. te te gaNatrIe tenA janma ma. saM. 73=4. sa. pU 454 mAM thaye| kahevAya. yuvarAjapada ma. saM. 88 mAM, rAjyAbhiSeka ma. saM, 98 mAM ane maraNu ma. saM, 134 mAM thayuM gaNAze. A hakIkata prasaMga ubhA thatAM uparamAM pR-270 mAM jaNAvI te dIdhI che, paraMtu dareka rAjakartAnAM AyuSya tathA umara vigerenI hakIkata judA ja pAritrAmAM lakhasamAvezavAnuM dheAraNu akhatyAra kareluM hAvAthI te pramANe atra karIne jaNAvavuM rahe che. eTale nIce pramANe tenA samayanI sAla gaDhavI zakAze. bhASAmAM muddu eTale traNa artha thAya che.) athavA trikaliMga kahevAya che. (eTale) AkhA (kaliMgane) deza te trikaliMganA eka aMza thayeA; " trikaliMga kaliMga, dhrAMgada ane utkala kahevAnA bhAvArtha ema samajAya che ke, *liMganI je mULa prajA hatI te kharmAnA kinAre Avela dezamAM jai vasI hatI (jene hAlamAM suvarNabhUmi tarIke oLakhAvAya che) te prAMtane paNu trikaliMganA eka aMza tarIke gaNI zakAya tema che. O (8) "bhAratanA prAcIna rAjavaMza"nA lekhaka mahAzaye tenA pu. 1. pR. 37 mAM sara kaniMgahAmanA matanA AdhAre ema jaNAvyuM che ke, trikaliganA samuhamAM dhanakaTaka, AMdhra ane kaliMgadezanA thatA hatA. banAva ma.saM I.sa.pU. tenI umara; keTalAM varSa sudhI 454 439 15 429 25 134 393 61 348 = (3) 4. e. pu. 1 pR. 350. (4) nu A pramANe judA judA vidvAnee trikaliMganuM svarUpa juduM juduM samajAvyuM che. krANu satya ane krANu asatya, te batAvavAnuM ApaNe ahIM uddeza pazu nathI tema ahIM te viSaya paNa nathI. atra teA eTaluM ja jaNAvavAnuM hatuM ke, trikaliMganA samuhamAM, aMga, aMga ane kaliganeA samAveza je karI khatAve che te yatheAcita nathI. bAkI judA judA samaye trikaliMganA artha bhinna bhinna cax jatA hatA eTaluM ceAkkasa dekhAya che. temAM paNa cakravartI khAravelanA samaye trikaliMga AbdamAM uttare dAmeAdara nadIthI khalI tethI paNu jarA uttarethI zarU karIne, TheTha *nyAkumArInI sudhIneA sadhaLA mulaka AvI jatA hatA. rAjA khAravelanAM hAthIguphAnA lekha pakta 2 (uparamAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat AyuSya ane rAjyakALa . janma 98 yuvarAjapada 88 rAjyAbhiSeka 98 . . 10 3 maraNu joke ApaNe uparamAM tenuM maraNu 61 varSanI umare thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu eka vidvAna lekhakanA jaNAvyA pramANe te samaye teNe saMsAratyAga karI, caMdragupta maurya samrATanI peThe, jaina dIkSA lIdhI hAya ema samajAya che, jethI A bAbata saMzAdhana mAge che. temanA zabda A pramANenA che. Last of all, * pR. 276) a. hi. iM. trIjI AvRtti pR. 207 TI, na. 2. (5) ja, A. tAi. rI. se|. pu. 3 bhAga : 1. 14 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paMcama paricacheda ] AyuSya ane rAjyakALa 349 in right orthodox fashion he spent his paheluM anumAna-guphAna lekha tenI rANIe last years as a sanyasi in the hills kotarAvela che. rAjA khAravele temAM kAMI jANe of Udayagiri, where the two-storied bhAga ja lIdhe dekhAto nathI eTale samajAya che ke, rock-cut palace still stands chevaTamAM, rAja khAravele sanyastha sthiti aMgikAra karyAnuM je junA dharmanI praNAlikA mujaba, teNe potAnA aMtima- jaNAvAya che. te sthiti ja kadAca banavA pAmI heya. varSo udayagirinI TekarI upara sanyastha dazAmAM bIjuM-teNe jo dIkSA lIdhI hoya te teNe je gALyAM che, ke jyAM AgaLa adyaparyata khaDakamAMthI 36 varSa rAjya karyAnuM kahevAya che tene badale thoDAM kotarI kADhela be majalAne prAsAda ubhelo dekhAya che; ja varSa rAjya karyuM hoya ane bAkInAM varSa te muni eTale ke, teNe jaina dIkSA nahI paNa tevI nivRtta avasthAmAM jIvaMta rahyA heya; eTale temanI gAdI dazA dhAraNa karI hatI ane udayagiri parvata upara upara temanA kuMvarano rAjyAbhiSeka karavAne mulatavI je ThekANe hAthIguphAne lekha kotarAvyo che te ThekANe rakhAyo heya. tevA saMjogamAM A banne samayane piote tapazcaryA Adi karI potAnuM zeSa jIvana (rAjasattAnA bhogavaTAno tathA muniavasthAne samaya nivRttapUrNa karyuM hatuM. vaLI te kAmamAM temanI saraLatA maLIne) ekaMdara avadha 36 varSane AMka raheze. sacavAya te mATe tenI rANIe te sthAna upara be paraMtu muniavasthA kalpI levAmAM uparanI TI. majalAne A guphArUpI prAsAda baMdhAvyo hato. naM. 6 pramANe bAda Ave che. eTale te kalpanAne uparokta lekhake kareluM vidhAna, zodhakhoLa karatAM tyAga kare rahe che. vaLI lekhanI paMkti 7 mAM jo satya Thare te te uparathI nIce pramANe anumAna jaNAvAyuM che ke, vajadharavALI rANIne putraratna bAMdhavAne avakAza rahe che. jene pAchAM aitihAsika sAMpaDayuM che. A putra yuvarAja hevA saMbhava che. tethI daSTie tapAsI jovAnI jarUriyAta paNa lAgaze. lekha karAvavAnA samaye tenI umara mAtra sAta (6) je dIkSA lIdhI hoya to te temane rAjakAja katarAvanAra te rANI che, nahIM ke khAravela pote A pramANe sAthe saMbaMdha paNa rahI na zake, tema pate ekaja sthaLe jainasAhitya saMzodhake vizeSa cokasAI pUrvaka noMdha lIdhI niraMtara rahI paNa na zake. paraMtu je nivRtta avasthAmAM dekhAtI nathI. rahevA mAMDayuM hoya te tenA nAmanI ANa paNa cAlu paraMtu lekhamAM evA aneka zabdo mAlama paDe che ke rahe, bIjA rAjyAbhiSeka karavAnI jarUriyAta paNa na rahe. jethI lekha ketarAvanAra rANI pAse che ema sAbita thaI zake tema pate eka ja sthAna upara hAthIgaphAnA be mALavALA che; jevA keprAsAdamAM) lAMbAkALa rahI paNa zake. paMkti teoe nava varSa sudhI yuvarAja eTale saMbhavita che ke, teNe dIkSA nahIM lIdhI hoya, u=teonI gRhiNI vajaSaravALI paNa taddana nivRtta dazAmAM rahevAnuM pasaMda karyuM haze. jethI , 8 emanA karmonA avatAne sateSathI ja. A. hi. rI. se. pu. 2 pR.14mAM je zabdo lakhyA che. 10=mahAvijayaprasAda teoe ADatrIsa lAkha vaDe as a sanyashi (juo upara) te vyAjabI lAge che. banAvarA (7) hAthIguphAno Akho lekha ja tenI rANIe kota. (8) gata paricchede A prasaMganuM vivecana karatAM ApaNe rogo dekhAya che tethI aMhI te zabda ame vAparyA che evo anumAna bAMdhyo hato ke samatazikhara pahADanI je. sA. saM. khaMDa trIjo aMka 4 nA lekhamAM pR. 366 taLeTI jema priyadarzinanA dhaulI nAgaDAnA khaDaka lekha u5ra paMkti 8mAM lakhyuM che ke "kaliMga cakravatI khAravele ja vALA sthAne saMbhave che tema A hAthIgaMphA lekhavALA pate kotarAvela zilAlekha" jyAre teja pustakamAM pR. 3% sthAne-bhuvanezvaranA gAme-paNuM saMbhave che te anumAna have paMdita 5 mAM "enI strIe ene barAbara ja cakavatI kahela avAstavika kare che. che," bA pramANe rAbdo che te batAve che ke zilAlekha (9) jIo uparanI TI. naM. 1 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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350 rAjA khAravelanAM [ dazama khaMDa varSanI ja gaNI zakAze. eTale yuvarAjanI AvI rAjanA jIvanamAM ja parivartana thaI gayuM hoya, nAnI vayamAM, rAjA khAravele dIkSA levAnuM munAsIba athavA te rANuM piote ja A duniyAmAMthI adazya na paNa dhAryuM hoya. paraMtu nivRtta avasthAmAM rahevAthI, thavA pAmI hoya athavA zilAlekha ja rAjA khArarAjyanuM hita paNa sAcavI zakAya tema potAnA velanA rAjya caudame varSe ketarAvAyo heya.rANI vize AtmAnuM kalyANa paNa sAdhI zakAya. A prakAranA te kAMI jANavAmAM AvyuM ja nathI eTale te bevaDA uddezathI teNe udayagiri upara vAsa karavAnuM bAbatane vicAra laMbAvavA mATe hRdaya nA pADe TharAvyuM heya; jethI tyAM sihaprasthavALI rANue tene che. paraMtu saMbhava che ke zilAlekha ja rAjyakALanA yogya prAsAda baMdhAvarAvyA che tathA te samaya bAdanuM caudamA varSe ghaDAyo heya; athavA vizeSataH rAjA rAjAnuM jIvana vRttAMta kotarAvavAnuM aTakAvavuM paDayuM che. khAravelanA jIvanane palaTo thayo hoya te banavAjoga trIjuM-naM. 1 mAM dorela anumAnane, eka che. jema zilAlekhanuM kAtara kAma tyAM AgaLathI bIjI sthitithI samarthana maLe che. guphAnA lekhamAM aTakI jatAM ApaNe anumAna doravA lalacAIe tenI rANIe rAja khAravelanI rAjya avasthAne chIe, tema rAjA khAravelanA mAnasika valaNane je kevaLa 14 varSane ja citAra Apyo che. Ama khyAla khUda rANIe lekhamAM kotarI batAvyA che te karavAnuM kAraNa zuM haze? je rANI svapatinAM parAkrama paNa, teja anumAnane daDha banAve che. guphAlekhanI ATalI jhINI jhINI vigatomAM utarIne, bhaviSyanI paMkti 14-15 ane 16 nI hakIkata jotAM spaSTa prajAne jaNAvavAne zakitavatI hoya te zuM ekAeka thatuM jAya che ke, rAjAnuM mana saMsArathI uddavigna thatuM varNana karatAM taMbhita banI jAya kharI? ulaTuM AvI rahyuM che ane tethI dharmakAryamAM pote vizeSane vizeSa parAkramazIla ane kAbela rAjAnA uttara jIvanamAM te pravRtta thate dekhAyA kare che. uparAMta caudamI paMktimAM vizeSa ne vizeSa gauravazALI kAryo banavA pAme ke jenI te vizeSapaNe uddagAra kADhI batAvAyA che ke, rAjA udaSaNa karyAthI, bhAvI prajAnA hRdayamAM te rAjAnAM khAravele jIva ane zarIranI parIkSA karI lIdhI cAritrya tathA samasta jIvana vize, kAMi ora ja (jIva ane zarIra pArakhI lIdhuM) eTale saghaLI paribhAvanA udabhavavA pAme! A paristhiti jotAM kAM te sthitino vicAra karatAM, evuM anumAna daDhatara thatuM (10) siMhaprasthavALI rANuM siMdhulA, paTarANI nahIM sidhulArANuM poteja rAnA khAravelA 14mA varSe maraNa hoya; je hota te pite pitA mATe, paTarANI zabda pAmI hovAthI tenA AdhAtane lIdhe rAjAe gamagIna ja vAparata. banI rAjakAja choDI dIdhuM haze ane pote nivRtta avasthAmAM A kAraNathI mAnavuM paDaze ke vajadharavALI rANIne je ke dIkSA laIne muni avasthAmAM rahevAnuM pasaMda karyuM haze. putra prasava thayo che te yuvarAja ja haze. yuvarAjanI mAtA A kalpanAne, AgaLa lakhela "ni:zaya' zabdathI Teko maLatA hoya teja paTarANI kahevAya e paNa niyama nahIM hoya; thayo. kemake gata manuSyanA zreyArthe dharma kArya karavAnuM ucita nahIM te vajadharavALI rANu zabda na lakhatAM paTarANI lakhAta. manAya che. te hetuthI ja rAjA khAravele paMkti 14-15-16 eTale anumAna karAya che ke, je rANIne prathama paraNI lAve mAM varNavela dharmakAryo karyA hoya. paNa jyAre vicAra Ave teja paTarANI kahevAya pachI te, yuvarAjanI janetA hoya che ke mRtyu pAmela temaja hayAta rahela manuSyanA kalyANa mATe ke na hoya (sarakhA "tenuM kuTuMba"vALA pArigrAphI hakIkta) paNa dharmakAryo te karI zakAya che tyAre te sarva vicAra jyAre vAparavALI rANI temaja A siMdhulA rANI- pheravI nAMkhavA rahe che. rANI siMdhulAne jIvatI avasthAmAM bemAMthI ekene paTarANInuM pada lagADAyuM nathI tyAre prazna mAnI rahe che temaja teNIne lekhanA taranAra tarIke paNa gaNavI thAya che ke te koNa? ane teNe kAM lekha kotarAvavAmAM bhAga rahe che mAtra je phera karavo rahe che te "ni:zrayanA arthane ja; lIdhe nahIM hoya ? teno artha "kalyANa mATenA karatAM 'nizcayapaNe'nA bhAvArthamAM (11) eka vakhata evuM anumAna derI javAyuM hatuM ke le. eTale badhuM barAbara yathAsthita lAgI jaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paMcama pariSada AyuSya ane rAjyakALa 351 jAya che ke, khAravele dIkSA nahI letAM, tadana nivRtta. sthitine niradhAra thatAM, uparamAM je AMkaDA ApaNe avasthA dhAraNa karIne guphAvALA sthAne nivAsa nirdiSTa karyA che te kAyama ja kare che ema samajavuM. rAkhe haze, jethI rAjasattA ane kAryabhAra bhale tenA hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM tenI be rANIonAM nAmo nAme cAlyAM kare paraMtu pote temAM sakriyapaNe te spaSTapaNe vAMcavAmAM Ave che ja; temAMnI (ekanuM) bhAga le nahIM. nAma vajadharavALI rANuM jAhera uparamAM : derI kADhelAM traNe anumAna che tenuM kuTuMba thayuM che, jeNIne peTe (juo aitihAsika saMjogothI satya puravAra thaI jAya-saMbhava paMkti. 7 mI)rAjAnA abhiSeka che ke satya ja karaze, kemake jyAM sudhI ane jeTalA thayA bAda sAtame varSe yuvarAjazrIne janma thayo che. pramANamAM rAjA khAravelanA jIvana saMbaMdhI mAhitI eTale yuvarAjazrInA janmanI sAla 987=105 maLI zakI che tyAM sudhI ane teTalA pramANamAM te sarvane ma. saM.=. sa. pU karara tarIke seMdhavI raheze. ane anumAnika saMjogothI samarthana maLI rahe che eTale (bIjInuM) nAma A zilAlekha kotarAvanAra tarIke nizcitapaNe mAnavuM raheze ke, rAjA khAravelanuM rAjya pitAne siMhaprasthavALI siMdhulA tarIke jeNe oLakhAvI 76 varSa paryata cAlyuM che ane pite 61 varSanuM AyuSya che te samajAya che. eTale A lekhaketarane banAva bhegavI maraNa pAmyo che. paraMtu vacce jyAre pite rAjyAbhiSeka pachInA caudamAva ane ma. sa. 98+14= 40 varSanI umare pahoMcyo hato tyAre, saMsAranI 112 ma. saM =I. sa. pU. 415 mAM thayAne noMdha mehamAyAthI jANa thatAM, AtmakalyANane12 arthe paDaze (3) uparAMta A bemAMthI kaI rANIe pitAnA taddana nivRtta avasthA gALavA, rAjamahelano tyAga nAma sAthe paTarANI pada joDeluM na hovAthI samajAya karI pAse Avela udayagiri parvata upara siMdhulA che ke teNI vaLI trIjI ja vyakti haze. (4) vaLI eka rANIe pitA mATe nivAsane mATe be majalAno pustakamAM lakhAyuM najare paDe che ke, 13 He prAsAda khAsa baMdhAvarAvyo hato temAM rahevAnuM TharAvyuM (Kharvela ) married the daughter of hatuM; jethI pote saMsArathI dUrane dUra paNa rahe temaja Hathisah or Hathisimha, the grandson yuvarAja taddana zizuvayane hovAthI rAjakArebAra of Lalalka14=lAlakanA patra haThIzAha urphe calAvAnuM ke rAjakarmacArIone soMpAyuM hatuM teo, haThIsihanI kuMvarI vere khAravelanuM lagna thayuM hatuM. prasaMga paDatAM temanI salAha ane doravaNIne lAbha paNa A hakIkta jo satya kare te A rANI cothI TharI uThAvI zake; temaja rAjAnI vidyamAnatAne lIdhe, zake (5) A uparAMta eka anya lekhake 15 vaLI paDezane koI rAjA kaliMganI sattA upara AkramaNa ema jaNAvyuM che ke Not only the Kalingas lAvavAnI hiMmata paNa dharI na zake. A pramANe had trade in Persian gulf as well (12) eTale ke AtmA ane pudagala vaccenA taphAvata vAta ema jace che ke, jema ca9NavaMzI rAjAone (juo vize pote purepuro mAhitagAra banI gayo. AtmasvabhAvamAM uparamAM pu. 3 pR. 334thI AgaLa) eka samaye zAhavaMzI ramaNatA anubhavavA lAgyA. vaLI gata paricadamAM te saMbaMdhane TharAvyA hatAM tema A lAlaka tathA haThizAha paNa te vaMzanA khulAso tathA TIkAo vAMce.) kadAca hoya, ane tema mAnI temane aphaghAnistAna taraphanI (13) keM. I. pR. 16 jue. prajA dhArI rAjA khAravelane zarIra saMbaMdha te dezanI rAja(14) A haThIsiMha ke haThizAha keNu tathA temanA kuMvarI vere baMdhAyAnuM anya lekhake jaNAvyuM che tema mAnI dAdA lAlakanuM rAjakIya jagatamAM sthAna zuM hatuM ke temano levAyo hoya te (juo nIce naM. 5 vALI rASTranI pradeza karyo hato te kAMi ja spaSTa karyuM nathI; eTale te saMbaMdhI hakIkata) tene Teko maLato kahevAze. koI prakArane tarkavirtaka kara nakAme jAya tema che. chatAM eka (15) ja. A. hi. pI. se. pu. 2 bhAga 1 5. 24, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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upara rAjA khAravela [ dazama khaMDa Ballabhi and Palala but Kharvela had karavAmAM ApaNe bhUla khAdhI che athavA te lekhake ja married a princess of Vazira, west of kyAMka sthAnanAM nAma ke dizAsUcana lakhatAM atizrama the land of the Madras, beyond the sevyo che to paNa mukhya vadhe te rAjA khAravelanA present Afghan border=IrAnI akhAta, jIvanavRttAMtanI atihAsika sthiti ja ubho kare che. temaja vallabhI(rAjya) ane pAtala sAthe kaliga- te samaye A uttara ane pazcima hiMda, naMda rAjAonI dezanA vatanIono vepAra cAlatuM hatuM eTaluM ja sattAmAM hato. kharI vAta che ke vacce thoDAMka varSa tyAM nahIM paNa, vartamAna aphagAnistAnanI hadanI pelI temanI sattA bahu nabaLI paDI hatI, paraMtu rAja pAra che, je madrAjha (mAdraka) prajAne mulaka che tenI khAravelanA rAjakALanA uttarArdhamAM te navamAM naMdanI pazcime Avela vajhIrA (pradeza)nI ekAda rAjakuMvarIne sattA bahu majabUtapaNe tyAM sthApita thaI gaI hatI. khAravela para hatA." A vAta vicAravA jevI (jIo pu. 1nA aMte, rAjA naMda bIjAnA tathA che. temaNe AdhAra batAvyo hota ke anya hakIkata navamA naMdanA rAjyavistAra batAvatA nakazAo) jaNAvI heta te tenI satyAsatyatA tapAsavAnuM eTale rAjA khAravele te bAju vijaya prApta karavA anukuLa thaI paData. amArA mata pramANe te koI jAtane prayAsa sevyAnI kalpanA paNa asthAne asaMbhavita lAge che. kemake prathama daraje te je kare che. uparAMta rAjA khAravele AkhA jIvana bhaugolika sthiti temaNe cItarI batAvI che te ja daramiyAna uttara hiMda tarapha jyAM AMkha sarakhI paNa kalakapita che. IrAnI akhAta, vallabhI rAjya ane pharakAvI nathI, tyAM caDAI laI javA jevI sthiti ja pAtalanA mulakadranuM nAma jyAM sudhI levAyuM che kayAMthI saMbhave? chatAM, mAne ke caDAI karyA vinA ja, tyAMsudhI te bahu vAMdho uThAvavA jevuM dekhAtuM nathI. mAtra potAnA dezanA vepArIo tyAM jatA AvatA paraMtu, aphagAnistAnanI sarahadanI pelI pAra madrAjha- hovAthI, ane tyAMnI sthitithI vAkephagAra banIne (mAkajha) prajAne mulaka gaNAve che, ane tenI pazcime temaNe ja te pradezanA ane potAnA dezanA rAjakuTuMba vacharA (hAla jene vajhIrastAna kahevAya che te kadAca sAthe lagnasaMbaMdha baMdhAvI dIdho hoya to paNa eTaluM haze) kahe che te barAbara lAgatuM nathI; kemake madha- te kharUMjane, ke rAjA khAravele A prakAranuM je prajAno mulakat9mahAbhArata vikhyAta rAjA pAMDunI koI paNa lagna karyuM hoya te te pite rAjakAjamAMthI rANI mAdrInuM mahiyara-te paMjAbamAM Avela rAvI nivRtti lIdhI te pUrve ja thayuM hovuM joIe. ane ane cinAba nadI vacceno pradeza gaNAvAya che. vaLI tema thayuM hoya te hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM tene nirdeza vajhirastAnane prAMta aphagAnistAnamAM (agnikhUNe) karAyA vinA rahevAya ja nahIM. tema saMsAranI mohapraveza karatAM ja Ave che eTale mAdra prajAnA mulakane, jALamAMthI mukta thavA jyAre nivRtti sevAtI hoya aphagAnistAnanI sImAnI pele pAra kahevo ane tyAre te avasthAmAM te lagna karIne, pAchI sAMsArika tenI ye pazcime vajhIrastAnane kahe te badhuM asaMgata viTaMbaNA mAthe vaherI levA jevuM karavAnuM mAnI dekhAya che. chatAM eka vakhata mAnI lyo ke, mAdra- zakAya ja nahIM. matalaba ke sarve paristhiti tapAsatAM, prajAnA mulaka ane vajhIrapradezanAM sthAnane nizcita A lekhaka mahAzayanA kathanane Take maLato dekhAte (16) saurASTramAM AveluM vallabhIvaMzIonuM rAjya maLe che tyAM tenA mukha AgaLanA vikANakAra pradezane A kahevAno artha samajAya che. nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Avato hato. (17) sarakhA uparanI TIkA naM. 14 (19) juo pu. 3. 5. 15 TI. naM. 17. (18) jue. pu. 1 pR. 221 siMdhu nadI jyAM samudramAM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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== paMcama pariccheda ] nathI ja. chatAM amuka prakAre hakIkata 0 AvI rahI mahatvapUrNa banAvAnA khyAnathI tathA ItihAsane paNa che to tenI khoja karavI te ApaNuM kartavya gaNAya. gauravavaMto banAve tevI sAmagrIthI bharapUra thaI paDela eTale saMzodhanarasika viTha jajanene te kArya upADI joI zakAya che, tyAre sahaja eTaluM te anumAna karI levAnI vinaMti che. chatAM hamaNuM vizeSa purAvA na zakAya ja ke tenA rAjyakALane zeSa bhAga paNa AvAM maLe tyAMsudhI uparanI sarva hakIkata kabUla rAkhatAM, ja upayogI-rAjakIya najare temaja prajASTie= tene pAMca rANI hevAnuM mAnavuM rahe che. kAyaMthI analakata to rahyo nahIM ja hoya? sivAya, putraputrIo bAbatamAM zilAlekhathI jaNAya upara jema eka lekhakanA kathanathI, ApaNe e che ke I. sa. pU. 422 mAM tene tyAM yuvarAjane anumAna derI gayA chIe ke teNe rAjakAjamAMthI janma thayo hato. saMbhava che ke A yuvarAja ja temaja saMsArika kAmamAMthI nivRtti-anAsakti-dhAraNa vakragrIva nAma dhAraNa karIne pAchaLathI kaliMgapati karI lIdhI hatI. tarIke tenI gAdIe beThe che. te sivAya vizeSa have tenA rAjyakALanA prathamanA tera varSane Itiputra-putrI hatA ke kema te kayAMya spaSTa rIte darzAvAyuM hAsa nihALIe. jo ke AkhAye zilAlekhamAM darzAvelI nathI ja, paNa sAhityagraMthomAM AlekhAyelI hakIkatathI hakIkatanuM eka pachI eka paMkti laine kramAnusAra samajAya che ke, tene vairecaka' nAme eka bIjo vivecana te ApaNe gata pariDemAM ApI gayA putra haze. jeTalI hakIkata upalabdha thAya che te uparathI chIe ja. paraMtu eka ja sthAne samuharUpe je vivecana ATaluM tAravI zakAya che. vizeSa te prAcIna eka pArigrAphanA rUpamAM karavuM joIe te karavAnuM ItihAsanI aneka vigatenI peThe haju sudhI tyAM banI zake nahIM, tethI atra jarUra jeguM varNana aMdhakAramAM ja paDayuM rahyuM che ema samajI levuM. ApIzuM. zilAlekhanI samagra prazastinA vAMcananI je ke rAjA khAravelano rAjaamala chatrIsa varSa samAlocanA karatAM eka vivecake e sAra derI jeTalo lAMbo kALa cAlyo che, chatAM itihAsanA batAvyo che ke, "khAravela eka varSa vijaya mATe Alekhana mATe upayogI thaI nIkaLato ane bIjA varSe ghera rahetA. mahela vigere vistAra tathA zake tevuM tattva dharAvate hAthIguMphA banAvarAvata, dAna de, temaja prajAhitanAM kAryo prAsaMgika vivecana lekha sivAya anya koI dastAveja karato." A uccAraNakevaLa satya ja che. paNa ApaNe ke purA adyApi paryata hAtha atyAre te mAtra tenI vijaya prAptinA prasaMgane lAgyo nathI. eTale prAcIna samayanA sarve rAja- ullekha karavAne ja hevAthI, anya dhArmika temaja kartAo ke temanA rAjaamala vize, jema vAraMvAra prajA upayogI kAryonuM vivecana AgaLa upara choDI banatuM AvyuM che tema A rAjavInA saMbaMdhamAM paNa ane atra te mAtra tenAM parAkramanAM varNana karavAnuM ja keTaleka aMze te ApaNe mauna ja sevavuM paDaze. chatAM kArya hAtha dharIzuM. jyAre kevaLa eka hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI paNa jyAre tenA pitA vRddhirAjanuM maraNa nIpajyuM tyAre tenI kArakIrdInA prathamanA tereka varSa jeTalo kALa te tenI samIpamAM paNa kadAca nahIM hoya ema pari (20) jyAM sudhI vizeSa pAko nirNaya na thAya tyAM sudhI hakIta pU. 356mAM jaNAvelI che te). vadhAremAM vadhAre eTaluM ja salAmatIpUrvaka mAnI laIe ke (21) AnI hakIkata mATe AgaLa upara rAjA mayuratenI prajAnA mANaso te taraphanA bhAga tarapha vepArI saMbaMdhamAM vajana vRttAMte juo. joDAyelA rahetA hovAthI ekabIjAne jaNItA thayA hatA. (22) jaina sAhitya saMzAdhA pu. aMka 'the (sarakhA AgaLa upara sumAtrA, jAvA, AkapaleganI 5. 374, 45

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khAravelanA rAjya vistAra 354 sthiti jaitAM banavA pAmyuM haze evA anumAna upara ApaNe AvyA chIe, eTale rAjyapUrA barAbara saMbhALI levAnA saMyogAmAM ke tevI kAI taiyArImAM te nahotA tevA samaye tenA rAjyAbhiSeka thavA pAmyA hatA ema kahI zakAya. chatAM zilAlekhanI prathamanI e paMktimAM lakhAyalI hakIkatathI samajAya che ke, teNe rAjyasaMcAlanano tAlIma levA uparAMta amuka darajje laDAI laI javAnI ane tenI dAravaNI karI sAMge pAMga pAra utAravAnI zakita paNa meLavI lIdhI hatI. eTale game tevA kaMphADA saMjogamAM teNe rAjyalagAma maheNu karI hatI chatAM, rAjadvArI kuneha vAparI rAjagAdInI sthiratA jamAvavAmAM ja prathamanuM varSa tene pasAra karavuM paDayuM hatuM. A tenuM rAjakIya DahApaNu hatuM. paraMtu eka anya vyakita, je tenI mAphaka tAjetaramAM ja te samaye ugatI jatI hatI teNe tenA A DahApaNune anya svarUpe ja gaNI kADhayuM hatuM. A vyakti khIjuM kAI nahIM, paraMtu aMdravaMzanI sthApanA karanAra rAjA zrImukha zAtakaraNI samajavA. te paNa rAjA khAravelanI lagabhaga umaranA hatA. tema teNe paNa peAtAnA pitA magadhapati rAjA naMda bIjAnA rAjaamale khUba rAjakAjanI tAlIma lIdhI hatI. Aja arasAmAM naMda bIjo . maraNa pAmyA hatA ane tenI gAdIe tenI kSatriyANI rANI peTe janmela nAnA kuMvarAte hukka svIkArAyela heAvAthI, zUdrANI rANI peTe janmela A zrImukha, naMda khIjAte jyeSTha putra hovA chatAM, magadhapati khanatA aTakI paDayA hatA. eTale teNe potAnA bIjA sahAdara sAthe magadhamAMthI rUsaNuAM lai, madhyaprAMtanA rastethI dakSiNu hiMdamAM utaravA mAMDayuM hatuM. prathamamAM jakhalapura pAsenA pradeza kabaje karI tyAMnA mahArathIne tAe karI tyAM rAjagAdI sthApavAnA mana rahyo hatA. mAtra cha mAsa jeTalI avadhimAM ja pradeza jItatA jItatA te, rAjA khAravelanA rAjyanI pazcima karI (23) jIe hAthIguphA lekhanI ceAthI pa Mkti. (24) A kAraNathI ja rAjA zrImukha tathA tenI pAchaLa AvanAra pAMca cha rAjAe 'AMdhrabhRtyA:'tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. zRMganRtyA: ane A AMdhrabhRtyA: nA arthAMmAM zuM phera rahyo Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa hada sudhI pAte pahoMcI gayA; ane uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe rAjA khAravela je kapheADA ane kaparA sogAmAM takhtanazIna thayA hatA te paristhitine lAbha levA tatpara thayeA. tenA manamAM ema ke, A cha mAsamAM ja magadhathI chUTA paDIne jabaradasta pradezanA svAmI pote banI zakayA che eTale tenI vigraha karavAnI zakti paNa atula che, tema pote rAjadvArI paTutA khelavAmAM paNa kuzaLa che; jethI A ugatA khAravezcane paNa turatamAM ja dAkhI deze. AvI kalpanAmAM te AgaLa ne AgaLa dhasI, karliMganI sarada upara AkramaNa lai gayA. eTale turata ja peAtAnI zaktine ke saMyogane jarA paNa vicAra ke kanavAra karyA vinA23 sAhasika khAravela pAte ja sainyanI saradArI laine tene sAmanA karavA medAna pAyo. banneneA bheTA thayA. mahAsaMgrAma maMDAye!. yuddhamAM rAjA zrImukhane pITha pheravavI paDI; eTale sudhI ke rAjA khAravele tene pIchA pakaDayA ane TheTha nAsika sudhI nasADI mUkayA tathA potAnA khaMDiyA khanAvI " AMdhrabhatyA : "nI chApa4 tenA zIre cAMTADI tyAre te japyA. A pramANe gAdIe khesatAM veMtaja, mahAparAkramI evA rAjA zrImukha jevA rAjakIya harIpha upara kRteha meLavI, hiMdanA pazcima kinArA sudhInA mulaka upara peAtAne vijayavAvaTA pharakatA karI zakayA hatA, tema AMdhrapatinAM saradAraza jevA rASTrikA ane bhejAne paNa parAjIta karI dIdhA hatA. eTale A khevaDA vijayathI narmadA ane kRSNA nadI vaccenA sarva pradeza upara tenuM svAmitva svIkArAyAnuM gaNavuM raheze. te khAda niyama pramANe eka varSa ArAma laine vaLI kRSNA nadInI dakSiNe prayANa karyuM. ema varSa dara varSe uttarAttara caDAI karyA karIne, pallava, ceAlA ane pAMDaya rAjAone zaraNAgata karIne, dakSiNa hiMdanA madurAnagara sudhInA deza jItI lIdheA hatA. vacce prasaMga maLatAM-magadhapati -- che te mATe jue uparamAM. pR. 284 TI, na. 47 AMdhrabhRtyA:nI chApa kracArathI utarI gai che te AkhA viSaya bahu rasiddha che te saghaLuM zAtavahana vaMzanA vRttAMte jaNAvavAmAM Avaro. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pacama pariracheda ] tathA prAsaMgika vivecana 355 bRhaspatimitra urphe naMda AThamA upara halle laI sAla AvI pahoMcI. te samaye magadhapati tarIke navamA jaI potAnA page namAvI pelI kaliMgajInI mUrti je, naMdane rAjyAbhiSeka thaI cUkyuM hatuM. tenA vyavahAra A naMda AThamAna dAdA naMdivardhana urphe naMda pahele, ane rAjakuzala mahAamAtya maMtrI zakavALanI pitAnA dAdA kSemarAja pAsethI uThAvI laI gayo rAjanItithI uttara hiMdanI aMdhAdhuMdhI adazya thavA hata te, pAchI pitAnI pATanagare laI Avyo hato. lAgI hatI tathA kamekrame naMda navamAnI sattA uttara A ja samaye dakSiNa hiMdamAMnA madurA pAse jamAvaTa hiMdamAM jAmavA mAMDI hatI eTale paNa rAjA khAravelane karI paDela pelA siMhaladvIpavALA luTArUToLAnA saradArane uttara hiMda tarapha najara nAMkhavAnI jarUra nahotI kAne A vijayanA samAcAra AvI lAgatAM, AgaLa paDI; tema paMcama ArAjanya kALabhagavAnanI pelI vadhavAnI je taiyArI karI rahyo hato, te paDatI mUkIne bhUmitRSNAnI asarathI te haju vimukha hate 27 tethI pAcho nAsI gaye hato. eTale vaLI niyama pramANe dakSiNa hiMdanuM sArvabhaumatva maLI jatAM te nirAMta eka varSanA ArAma bAda rAjA khAravele dakSiNamAM vALIne besI rahyo hato. eTale AtmakalyANuM jaI madurA zaheramAM badhe tenI AsapAsanA mulakamAM sAdhavAmAM ja tenuM citta parAvavA lAgyuM. te mATe je nAnI nAnI maMDIo-bajAra-jevI sthiti, uparanI dakSiNa hiMdanA A cakravatIe dharmarAjyanA cakranI luTArU ane badamAsa ToLIe dhAmA nAMkhIne ubhI prApti karavAmAM ja zeSa jIvana gALavA mAMDayuM. karI hatI te badhI ukheDI nAMkhI temanuM nAma nizAna tenA rAjadvArI jIvana vize hAthIguMphAnA lekhadhAre kADhI nAMkhyuM. Ama karIne TheTha kanyAkumArI ApaNe je jANI zakyA chIe te upara pramANe che. sudhIne mulaka niSkaTaka banAvyo tathA kaliMga paraMtu eka lekhake 28 eTale sudhI jaNAvavAnI urIya, tAmIla ane telagu e traNe bhASA bolatI hiMmata karI che ke, Kharvela had sea-borne prajAnA je vibhAga keTalAye varSothI paDI gayA hatA trade with Persia. Probably he had tenuM ekIkaraNa karI mUkyuM ane potAnA trikaliMga also colonies in Burmah and further sAmrAjyanI sthApanA karI dIdhI. A samayathI India=khAravelanA (samaye) irAna sAthe dariyAI trikaliMgAdhipati samrATa cakravartI khAravelanA upanAmane mArga vepAra cAlato hato. vizeSa saMbhavita che ke, pite lAyaka TharyAnuM kahI zakAze. barmA ane dUranA hiMdamAM tenA saMsthAne paNa hatAM. A sthitie pahoMcatAM I. sa. pU. 415 nI temanI kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, jema hiMdano | (25) A banAva rAjA khAravela gAdIe beThA pachI dehasaMdhAtanI bInA sAthe sarakhAvavI paDaze. temAM 13 varSa agiyAra varSe na hovAnuM lekha uparathI samajAya che. lipittoe vAMkhe che paraMtu saMbhavita che ke jema paMDita hisAba karatAM tene samaya ma. sa. 98+11=09=I. sa. pAMcamAne AMka prathama 165 ukelAyo hato ane have 103 pU. 418 Ave che. (juo nIcenI TIkA naM. 26 nuM lakhANa), mAnya rahyo che, tema ahIM paNa khalanA thaI hoya tyAre (21) nayaranA deha saMdhAtane toDayo. ema je lakhANa kharI rIte te AMka 73-13 ke tenI AsapAsanA heya. che te nIce prasaMga samajavo. (27) tema rAjA nade paNa dakSiNa hiMda tarapha najara 2jA udayAlavanA vRttAne jaNAvI gayA chIe ke, tenA karavI nathI. bAkI je teNe dhAryuM heta te I. sa. 5. putra anurUddha ane sainyapati nAgadazake dakSiNahiMda upara 45 thI jyAre khAravele nivRtti aMgIkAra karI ane 393mAM chata meLavI siMhaladvIpanI bhUmine paNa magadhapatinI maraNa pAmyA te vaccenA 23 varSamAM te dakSiNa hiMdamAM kAMine ANAmAM lAvI mukI hatI. tene samaya ApaNe (juo kAMI navA jUnI karI zakata. 5ra tu kAMI nathI karyuM te batAve 5. 1 samayAvalImAM I. sa. pU. 491=ma. saM, 36thI che ke tene paNa bhUprAptinI lolupatAne meha lAgyA hatA, I. sa. pU.482 ma. sa. 45nI hakIkta) je karAvyo che te A (28) jue ja, A hirI se. 4, 2, bhAga15, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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356 rAjya vistAra [ dazama khaMDa pazcima tarapha Izana sudhI tenA samaye vepArIo vepAra names he rightly recognised the South betA hatA tema hiMdanI pUrva taraphanA barmA ane tenI ye Indian names Chola, Pandya, Pahlava parvamAM Avela, inDocAinA, sumAtrA, jAvA ane or Pallava and Malayali or Cheras AkapalegavALA dvIpa sAthe paNa vepAra calAvatA kaliMganI praja, dUra pUrvanA hiMdamAM ane hiMdI hatA. bake banavAjoga che ke, A bAju pUrvanA ArkApelegamAM jaIne vasAhata karavAmAM agresara dariyAmAM to rAjA khAravelanI ANamAM keTalAka hatI..hiMdI ApalegonI vasAhata jamAvavAmAM, mulAka paNa AvI gayo hato. A vidhAna upara dakSiNa hiMdanI jAtee ati mahatvapUrNa hisso javAne te lekhake kAMI khulAso karyo nathI eTale pUrAvyAnI hakIkata mi. karne svIkArI hatI. sibirIMga jema, khAravelanA kuTuMbavALA pArigrAphanA varNanamAM (jeno artha kALu-sAmartha thAya che) jAtanA tenI eka rANI saMbaMdhI te ja lekhake kahelI hakIkatane coliya, pAMDiya meliyala, depArI ane palavI nAmanA ApaNe atizayoktipUrNa gaNIne vizeSa saMzodhana pAMca vibhAga oLakhAya che. vaLI) dakSiNa hiMdanA mATe eka bAju rAkhI mUkavI paDI che, tema A celA, pAMDiyA, pahalava athavA pallava ane malayalI kathanane paNa teja kaTimAM hAlate rahevA daIzuM. chatAM athavA cerA jevAM nAmamAM, A pAMce nAmonI mAnavAne kAraNe maLe che ke, temanuM A anumAna, vAstavikatA havAne teNe svIkAra karyo che." matalaba vartamAnakALe je eka hakIkata A TApuonA vatanI. temanI kahevAnI e che ke, sumAtrA, jAvA, AkaenA nAmoccAraNane aMge ubhI thavA pAmI che tene pelegamAM vartamAna kALe vasI rahelI je prajA anusarIne ghaDAvA pAmyuM hoya. [ TIppaNa-A prazna siMbiriMga nAme oLakhAya che temanA pAMca peTA chaNAIne haju chevaTanA nirNayAkAre pahoMcyo nathI, vibhAgo che. temanAM nAma Abehuba rIte dakSiNa paraMtu vAMchuka varga temAM AgaLa vadhavuM hoya te vadhI hiMdamAMnI prajAne maLatAM Ave che jethI te bannenI zake te mATe temanI pAse keTalIka vigate raju karavA sAmyatA-sAdapaNuM puravAra thAya che. tema prAcIna yogya dhArIe chIe. te saMbaMdhamAM eka graMthakAre29 samaye kaliMganI prajA paNa dariyo kheDI dUradUranA jaNAvyuM che ke "The people of Kalinga mulakamAM jaI vasI rahevAnI khAsiyata dharAvatI were the pioneers of Indian coloniza- hatI eTale badhA saMjogo maLatA AvI rahe che. tion in further India and the Indian vaLI pitAnA kathananA TekAmAM jaNAve che ke, Archipelago... Kern recognised that "The Kalingan origin of the earliest South Indian tribes took the most colonists from India does not depend prominent part in the colonization of merely on the terms now applied to the Indian Archipelago and among Indians in the Archipelago but also the Simbiring tribe (which means the on definite Archaological and historical Black) there are five sub-divisions evidence=241479251 Mini Ganea of 1711411 designated Choliya, Pandiya, Meliyala, saMbodhavAmAM Ave che tethI ja teo agAunA vakhatamAM Depari and Palawi. In these five hiMdamAMthI AvyA hatA ane kaliMganI prajAmAMthI (29) juo Ara. DI. benarajI kata hisTarI eka paNa, devAnI ati uSNutAne aMge kALI cAmaDIvALI banI rahI orIsA bhAga 1 pU. 93 mudrita kalakattA 1930 che. eTale te parathI temanuM sAmya batAvavAne A prayAsa che, * (30) sibirina eTale kALuM ane dakSiNa hiMdanI prajA | (i) majakura pustaka 5, 94,

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pacama pariccheda ] utarI AvelA kAMI puravAra thatA nathI, paraMtu sthApatyanA ane aitihAsika anya purAvAthI paNa te sAkhita thaI zake che." matalaba ke temanA A kathanane teo kevaLa anumAna nahIM paNa eka aitihAsika satya binA lekhavAnuM sUcave che. temanI sUcanA ApaNe vadhAvI laIe tApaNa eTaluM ja kahI zakAya ke, sumAtrA, jAvA ane ArkIpelegAnI vastIne amuka bhAga, mULe kaliMganI prajAmAMthI utarI hatA. para`tu ema teA sASThita thayuM nahIM ja ke te prAMtA rAjA khAravelanI sattAmAM AvI gayA hatA. te ja pramANe kaliMgaprA aMgenI irAnI akhAta taraphanI sthiti paNa thavA pAmI hatI?, ] Avye kahevAya upara pramANe tenuM rAjadvArI jIvana ane rAjyavistAranuM vivecana hAthINuMkAnA lekhamAMthI jeTaluM tAravI zakAyuM teTaluM AlekhI batAvyuM che. dhArmika vivecana nIcenA pArAmAM jaNAvyuM che. tathA prAsaMgika vivecana lekhanI hakIkatathI jAhera thayuM che ke, jema te rAjakIya bAbatamAM rasa laI rahyo hatA tema dhArmika ane sAmAjIka jIvanamAM paNa dhArmika tathA sAthe sAthe pravRtta rahyA karatA sAmAjIka jIvana hatA; tethI ApaNe tene peAtAnA jIvananA eka varSe laDAInA raNa kSetre jhajhumatA ane bIje varSe kAMika prajopayeAgI ke AtmakalyANanuM kArya karatA nihALI rahyA chIe, lekhamAM prathamanA tera varSanA banAvanuM darzana karAvAyuM che temAMthI aDadhAaDadha rAjakIya pravRttine samaya khAda karatAM cha eka varSa A prakAranAM jIvananAM raheze. tene vRttAMta anukrama vAra temaja vistArathI samajuti sAthe lekhanA anuvAdavALA paricchede apAyA che. atra tene Traka sAra jaNAvIe ke, ekAda varasa teNe rAjanagare kIllA vigerenI marAmata karavAmAM gALyuM hatuM, ekAda varSa kumAriparvata-gArathagiri upara vihArA --stUpA ItyAdi banAvavAmAM, temaja eka varSa (32) jIo upara pR. 351 TI. naM. 14 (33) A sthAne AvaDA moTA ane mahAmulA mahA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 357 peAtAnA vaMzanA sthApaka ane te parvata upara mekSapadane pAmela evA mahAmedhavAhana vijaya pravRttacakra karakaMDu mahArAjanI kAryaniSidI banAvavAmAM gALyuM hatuM. vaLI eka varSa te prAMtamAM duSkALa paDavAthI pUrve kheAdAyelI gaMgA nadImAMthI nahera laMbAvo, pIvAnuM pANI Apo temaja khetInA kAryane saraLa banAvI, prajAne rAhata ApatAM kAryo karavAmAM ane kara mApha karI rAjasUya yajJa karavAmAM paNa gALyuM hatuM. tema eka varSe vaLI, geAdAvarI ane kRSNA nadI vaccenA pradezamAM pallava rAjAne harAvIne tyAM mahAvijayaprAsAda lagabhaga 38 lAkhanA dravyanA kharce ubhA karAvyA uparAMta je zrutajJAnanA lApa thavAne nirmAyA hatA temAMnA eka pUrvanA 64 adhyAyane pharI lakhAvI--vizeSa nakalA utarAvIne vaheMcI devarAvI--te jJAnane jIvaMta khanAvavAmAM eka varSa gALyuM hatuM. vizeSamAM uparanA sarvene TapI jAya tevuM je kArya teNe upADayuM hatuM ane je mATe moTA raNasaMgrAma kheDavA paNa taiyAra hatA, te te pelI kaliMgajIna mUrtine magadhamAMthI pAchI lAvo svasthAne punaHsthApita karavAne lagatuM hatuM. A pramANenAM cha varSanAM sAmAjIka kAryAM karatAM, vacce peAtAne tyAM yuvarAjanA janmane khuzA lIvALA prasaMga sAMpaDatAM, tene paNa yathAyita rIte ujajyeA hateA. hatA. upara varNavelA banAvanA vAcanathI eka vAta spaSTa rIte e tarI Ave che ke teNe bhale sAmAjIka ane dhArmika kArya karI khatAvyAM che, chatAM uDANamAM utarIne joizuM te temAM vizeSa paNe teA, jene devaLa dhArmika dRSTie AtmahitanAM ane kalyANu mArganAM kahevAya, tevAMja kAryAnA samAveza thatA hatA. cAkhyuM ane kevaLa prajAne upayAgI kahI zakAya te te mAtra naheravALuM ja kahI zakAya tema che. ane te paNa je kudarate te samaye avakRpA na karI hAta, te naheravALuM kAma te hrAya dharata ke kema te eka prazna ja thaI raheta. vijaya prAsAda ubheA karAvavAne zuM kAraNa tene maLyuM hatuM te tenA jIjjana prasa'gamAMthI tAravI zakAtuM nathI. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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358 rAjA khAravelanuM dhArmika [ dazama khaMDa eTale ApaNe tenuM jIvana lokopayogI kAryamAM vyatIta jatA hatA tathA hisTarI opha risAnA vidvAna karyAne badale lokane piDita karavAthI ke anya prakAre graMthakAre to bhArapUrvaka temAM umero karI batAvyo che herAna karI raMjADavAmAMthI dUra rahyuM hatuM ema kahIe, ke, tyAMnI vasI rahelI prajA mULe dakSiNa hiMdanI athavA tema paNa nahi te chevaTe prajA kalyANanAM kAryo kaliMga prajAmAMthI utarI AvyAnA sthApatya viSayaka paratve teNe taTasthavRtti ke udAsIna vRttivALuM ane aitihAsika purAvA paNa maLI Ave che eTale jIvana pasAra karyuM hatuM ema kahIe, te paNa vAsta- A traNeya kathananuM ekIkaraNa karIzuM te mAnavuM paDaze vika lekhAze. ke, rAjA khAravelanA samaye paryaTana kheDatA zAha aMtamAM teNe pote upAsakanAM vRtto laI, sodAgare ke temanA Azrita janoe ja tyAM vasAhata svakalyANane artha nivRtta thaI girinivAraNa sevI lIdho karavA mAMDI haze; tema thayuM hoya te teonI sAthe hatA. have je hakIkata anya sthAne jaNAvAyelI temanA dharmanAM avazeSo laI javAmAM AvyAM hoya kyAMya daSTie caDatI nathI te upara vAcaka varganuM ane tyAM tenuM bIjAre paNa thayuM hoya te samajI dhyAna kheMcIne A pArIgrApha samApta karIzuM. zakAya tevuM che. paraMtu A vidvAna mahAzayane bIjAonA te custa jena hato e vAta te nivivAda rIte matane saMmata thatA je keTalIka muzkelIo Ave che te siddha thaI gaI che. ane tethI ja teNe kaliMgajIna anya rIte vyakta karatAM jaNAve che ke35 (1) mUrtinuM mahAmya pichANIne magadhapati jevA baLavAna Trikalinga form cannot be proved to samrATanI sAme thavAnuM tathA TheTha tenA rAjamahela sudhI have existed in the first century B. C. pahoMcI jaI te mUrti upADI lAvavAnuM jokhama kheDavA or A. D.=I. sa. pU. nI ke I. sa. nI pahelI jevuM sAhasa upADayuM hatuM. A vize mi. jAla kApe. sadI sudhI trikasiMga evA zabdanuM-rUpanuM-astitva ja nTIara nAmanA vidvAne samAcanA karatAM uddagAra pUravAra thaI zakatuM nathI. eTale temanuM kahevuM ane kADhayA che ke, 4-why should be have mAnavuM ema thAya che ke, trikaliga e zabda ja jyAM chosen so strange an object, if he I. sa. nI keTalI ye sadI bAda vaparAzamAM AvyAnuM had not been a believer in the Jina= dekhAya che tyAM kaliMga prajAmAMthI utpanna thayela A je te (rAjA khAravela) janane upAsaka-anyAyIna prajA sumAtrA-jAvA I. mAM AvIne je vasI hoya heta te, zA mATe teNe AvI vicitra vastune te tene samaya to tenAthI paNa moDo ja thAya. jyAre (namUrtine) laDAInA utpAdana-kAraNarUpa pasaMda karI khAravelane samaya ApaNI mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. pU.nI heta? matalaba ke te jena hovAthI ja, teNe te mUrti cothI ne pAMcamI sadIno tathA vidvAnonI mAnyatA mATe laDI kADhavAnuM prANasamAna gayuM hatuM. vaLI pramANe tenAthI aDhIso varSa bAda eTale I.sa. pU.nI ApaNane, eka nahIM paNa babe (juo uparamAM bIjI sadImAM che. AvA saMjogone lIdhe banne vastune pR. 351mAM. ko. 3. vALuM, temaja teja pRSTha uparanuM meLa besata thatuM nathI eTale kaliMganI prajAmAMthI ja. A. hi. rI. se. nA lekhakanuM avataraNa) vidvAna. te bAjunI prajAne uddabhava mAnI zakAya ja nahIM. e sUcavyuM ke rAjA khAravelanA samaye kaliMganA (2) vaLI pote jaNAve che ke The question prajAjane pazcime irAnI akhAta sudhI ane pUrvamAM of the religion of the original colonists ArkApelegonA TApu sudhI vepArArtha dariyAI saphare to further India and the Indian (34) I. e. 1914 pR. 173. (5) e hisTrI opha risA 5.1 (1) teja pustaka che. *

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paMcama pariccheda ] Archipelago is still the subject of a very great controversy... Results of excavations prove the earliest Indian colonists were Hindus i. e. Brahmanical faith, then Buddhism while Jainism does not appear at all= dUra pUrvanA hiMdu ane hiMdIA'pelegAnA mULavatanIenA dharma vize haju paNa tIvra matabheda cAle che-- kheAdakAmanAM pariNAme teA ema sAbita thAya che ke hiMdamAMthI AvanArA (hiMdIe) prathama brahmadharmanA hiMdue ane pachI bauddho hatA; jyAre jaitenuM tA nAma nizAna paNa nathI. eTale temanuM maMtavya ema che ke hiMdIA pelegAmAM je lokeA hiMdamAMthI AvIne pratha mathI vasyA hatA, te anukame brAhmaNadharmanA, tathA aiAddhadharmanA ja hAvAnuM, zeAdhakhALa-khAdakAmathI maLI AvatI vastuo uparathI sAbita thAya che. ane jaineA teA hatA ja nahIM. eTale A vasAhatAnA dharma vize tIvra matabheda rahe che. matalaba e che ke, kheAda kAmanuM pariNAma judI vastu batAve che ane vidvAneAnI mAnyatA bhinna thAya che. eTale emanI muMjhavaNa e che ke; ekabAju kheAdakAma ema pAkAre che ke, hiMdamAMthI vasAhata je thai hatI te brAhmaNAnI ane baidyonI hatI ane temane-te hiMduonetrikaliMga-kaliMganA samuhamAMnA kAI dezanI prajA tarIke mAne te temanI te pradezamAM thayelI AyAta i. sa. pU. nI be sadInI ke bahutA I. sa. nI khIjI sadInI mAnavI joie; paraMtu triliMga zabda upayega ja I. sa. nI keTalIye sadIbAda vaparAzamAM AvyA che, eTale te banne hakIkata maLatI AvatI nathI mATe temanA dharma vize tIvra matabheda rahe che. temanA A banne maMtavyanA kathanamAMthI tathA sAmAjIka jIvana (37) te pustaka pR. 95: It is now universally acknowledged that tho Talaing people of Burma though of Mon origin, obtained their name from Tri-kaling =have te! satra mAnya thai paDyuM che ke, barmAnI talaiMga prajAnI utpatti, bhale meAnamAMthI thaI che paraMtu te talaiMganuM Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 359 tAtparya e nIkaLe cheke, khAdakAmathI alabatta sAbita thAya che ke A+pelegAnA vatanI mULe brAhmaNa ke bauddha saMskRtine bhajanArA hAvA joI e ane temanI AyAta che. sa. nI bIjI sadImAM meDAmAM meADI thaI hAvI joie, paraMtu je hiMdu vahelAmAM vahelA tyAM AvIne vasyA hoya te Talaing talaga7 (barmAmAM vasatI ekAta )ja hatA. talaiMga te trikaliMgamAMthI udbhavyA che. ane tri:liMganA udbhava ja I. sa. nI ghaNI sadI bAda thayeA che. eTale saMskRtinA uddabhavanA samaya meDAmAM kheDA I. sa. nI khIjI sadIne je khAdakAma puravAra karI rahyo che te A trikaliMga zabdanI utpattinA samaya sAthe ( i. sa. nI dhaNI madIneA manAya che mATe ) meLa khAtA nathI. mATe saMskRti kayA dharmanI gaNavI te vize atyAre te bahumatabheda rahyo gaNavA paDaze. athavA uparanA maMtavyane uthalAvIne khIjA rUpamAM raju karIe ke temanA maMtavyanuM samAdhAna thaI jAya ane temanI muMjhavI rahelI muzkelIone ukela AvI gayA kahevAya, te rUpa A pramANe kahI zakAya; ke jo trikaliMga zabdanuM astitva I. sa. pU. nI khIjI sadInuM athavA meDAmAM mAruM, I. sa. nI khIjI sadInuM puravAra thaI jAya tA trikaliMganI prajA barmAmAM thaI ne, hiMdI A pelegAmAM jaI vasI rahI gaNAya ane te pramANenI sthiti sarjAya tA. khAdakAmanA pariNAmane paNa samarthana maLatuM gaNAya; vaLI te pramANe dhatAM, tyAM prathama brAhmaNA ane pachI bauddho AvyA kahevAya. eTale ke jo ema puravAra karI devAya ke trikaliMga zabdano vaparAza I. sa. nI bIjI sadImAM athavA te pUrvemAM paNa hatI ja te, badhI dhaDa ( aitihAsika temaja sthApatyanI ) baMdhaesatI thaI jAya che. A pramANe vastu mULa te trikaliMgamAMthI ja che. (kahevAnI matalaba e che ke barmAmAM jene talaiMga hevAya che, tenuM mULa atyAre te menamAMthI thayuM manAya che, paraM'tu AdheAdhe jatAM te tenu mULa trikaliMga prajAmAMthI ja maLe che te sarvAMtra svIkArAyalI khInA tarIke ja lekhAya che. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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360 rAjA khAravelanuM dhArmika [ dazama khaMDa sthiti che ke nahi teja have ApaNe jevuM rahe che. vidvAna lekhakanA mata pramANe sthApatya viSayaka ane jeke majakura vidvAna lekhake, potAnI rIta pramANe, aitihAsika purAvAthI sAbita thaI zake che ke I. teja pustakamAM AgaLa jatAM pR. 97 thI 107 sa. pU. nI athavA to I. sa. nI ekAda sadInA arasAmAM sudhI pAsIphIka mahAsAgaramAM Avela aneka TApuonI tyAM hiMdI prajAe vasavATa karyo hato e pramANe purAtatva ne lagatI hakIkata vize aneka vidvAnonAM trIjo mata che. rAjA khAravelanA jIvana vRttAMtathI have utArA laI amuka nirNaya upara AvavA mahenata te ApaNe jANI zakyA chIe ke tene samaya I. sa. pU. karI che, paraMtu chevaTa te anizcita ja rahyuM che. te paNa cothI sadIne hato temaja te pote trikaliMgAdhieTaluM spaSTa thAya che ke, teo mi. perI nAmanA pati hatuM tathA tenI ANacakravartI samAna hatI. A sarva vidhAnanA matane vadhAre majabUta ane vajanadAra sthitine-cAre matane-jo sAra ekatra karI guMthIzuM lekhI atyAra sudhInA hiMdI ane yuropI vidvAne to mAnavAne kAraNa rahe che ke, hiMdanI te samayanI je mata dharAve che tene kAMIka brAMtijanaka (are ob. Aryana prajA-Akho trikaliMga-Arya saMskRtithI pradipta sessed) gaNAve che. paraMtu bhUlavuM joItuM nathI ke banI rahyo hato. tethI te prajAne Aryana ja kahevAya. temanuM A maMtavya, upara darzAvI gayela temanA vicArone vaLI temanI ja-tailaMga nAmanI-olAda barmAmAM jaIne AzrayIne baMdhAyela che. eTale amArA mate vidvAnonI vasI hatI tethI prajAe dUra pUrvanA hiMdamAM jaIne mAnyatA che te vyAjabI lAge che. vidvAnonuM mata vasavA mAMDayuM hoya temAM kAMI zaMkA jevuM ke Azcarya temaNe A zabdomAM vyakata karyuM che. 38 They (In pAmavA jevuM nathI. India and Europe, the majority of upara pramANe eka vakhata sAbita thaI gayuM ke, scholars) therefore look upon Indo trikaliMganI Aryana prajA sauthI prathama iniziyAmAM -nesia as being colonized by Aryans jaI vasI hatI ane temane samaya I. sa. pUnI be either two centuries before or after ke cAra sadIno che; te pachI te Aryana prajA kayA the birth of Christ=teo (hiMdI ane yuropI dharmanI hatI te puravAra karavuM te te sahaja vAta che. vidvAnono moTo bhAga) teTalA mATe evA matanA che joke vidvAna mahAzaye te ema jaNAvyuM che ke, prathama ka i. sa. pU. nA athavA te isunA janma pachInI brAhmaNa ane pachI bauddha saMskRti tyAM pravezavA pAmI e sadI pUrve Arya praja choniziyAmAM samAvA che jyAre jainonuM te nAma nizAna paNa nathI. chatAM jAvA ane AkapilIgovALA TApuomAM) AvIne eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, A pramANe tema vasI rahI hatI. AmAM Aryana prajA eTale hiMdI je mata baMdhAyo che te Aryana prajA tyAM IsvIsananI saMskRtithI raMgAyelI prajA samajavI rahe che. eTale keTalIye sadI bAda javA pAmI che evI hakIkta uparathI temanI mAnyatA evI che ke, Aryana prajA je cha- che; bAkI tyAMnA purAtattvanI mUrtio uparathI pote, niziyAmAM jaIne vasI heya te, teno samaya i. sa. tyAMnI Aryana prajAnI vasAhata vize je mata pU. nI ke i. sa. nI bIjI sadI pUrvane ja hovo joIe. pradarzita karI zakyA che, te vastuo vize bolatAM A pramANe vidvAnone mata eka bAju che. vaLI pR. jaNAve che "one peculiar feature of these 356 mAM jaNAvI gayA chIe ke trikaliMga prajA pazcima statues is disproportionate size of the ane pUrvanA dariyAmAM paryaTana karI tyAM vasAhata karI ears-which we find in Jain and BudrahI hatI te bIjo mata che. hisTarI opha orIssAno dhistic images of India from the Gupta (38) jue majakura pustaka pR. 105. (39) hisTarI opha erIsAnuM pustaka paheluM pR. .

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- paMcama pariccheda tathA sAmAjIka jIvana 361 period downwards=A putaLAMnI khAsa vizi. bahArathI jonArane bane, eka sarakhI lAgatI jatA to temanA kAnane asamAna kada che (eTale ke hovAthI (juo 5. 2 mAM prathamanA be paricchedanuM sAthe ane dhaDa te benA pramANamAM kAnanI laMbAI varNana) vidvAno te be vacceno taphAvata pArakhI je joIe te karatAM vizeSa che) A pramANenI sthiti, zakyA nathI tethI ja evuM uccAraNa karatA thayA che gupta samayanA pachInI jaina ane bauddhanI mUrtiomAM (3) ke pachI azaka ane priyadarzina samrATanA ApaNI najare paDe che." eTale temanuM kahevuM ema che zilAlekha vaccenI bhinnatA nahIM samajAyelI ke mUrtinA kAna jatAM, te I. sa. nI trIjI ke cothI havAthI jema ekanI kRti bIjAne nAme caDAvI sadInA kALanI jaina ane bauddha mUrtinA jevI dekhAya devAI che-devAya che, tema ahIM paNa banavA pAmyuM che. dhyAna rAkhaze ke ahIM temaNe brAhmaNa dharma ke che; temAMthI kaI sthiti hovAnuM vAstavika che te vaidika saMskRtinuM nAma ja lIdhuM nathI; jyAre prathama saMzodhanane eka mahatvano viSaya banI rahe che. vakhate temaNe ja mata Apyo che ke, vaidika saMskRti jema banne jaNa jenadharmAnuyAyI hatA tema pahelI pravezI hatI ane pachI ja bauddha che ane jenanuM aneka bAbatamAM teo sarakhA darajaje mUkAya tevA to nAmanizAna paNa nathI. A uparathI samajAya che ke guNo dharAvatA hatA. eke jema temane potAne amuka nirNaya upara AvavAne bahu kaThina priyadarzina sAthe liMgajInatine kabajo meLavavA lAgyuM che. lagabhaga dazeka varSa upara DokaTara nAga - khAravelanI 4 che. AkAzapAtALa eka karyuM hatuM tema sarakhAmaNI nAmanA baMgALI vidvAna jeo khAsa A sumAtrA, * bIjAe kaliMgadeza potAne hastaka ane jAvAnI mulAkAte gayA hatA temaNe pAchA levA mATe pitAnI jIMdagImAMnuM ajoDa yuddha khelyuM AvatAM potAne thayela tyAMnA anubhava upara muMbaImAM dhI hatuM. A banne prasaMgamAM banne jaNane svadharmI eTale rAyala eziyATika sosAITInI zAkhAmAM eka sarasa jenAvalaMbI rAjAo sAthe ja bAtha bhIDavI paDI hatI pravacana ApyuM hatuM. temAM paNa e ja vani nIkaLato teTale darajaje samAna prasaMge loSyAnuM kahI zakAya. hatuM ke A sarva bauddha saMskRtine ja pratApa hato. eka pitAnA dharmanAM dyotaka smAraka tarIke thekabaMdha matalaba ke temaNe paNa vaidika saMskRtine prAdhAnya dravya kharcA mahAvijaya nAme prAsAda, ahaMna kAyaniApyuM nahotuM ja. ATalI tavArIkhathI samajAya che SidI sUpa, zramavihAra I. baMdhAvI tenA nibhAvArthe ke Aryana prajAmAMnI vahelAmAM vahelI je kaI paNa prajAne dAna ApyAM che tathA kAyamI pagAra bAMdhI saMskRti te bAju javA pAmI heya te vaidika nahIM ja ApyA che tyAre bIjAe, lAkho ane karoDonI paraMtu te bauddha ke jena ja che. A bemAMthI pahelI saMkhyAmAM navAM ja jInAlaya, mUrtio (dhAtunI kaI javA pAmI che te eka gauNa viSaya che. temaja pASANanI ane koI kAI prasaMge suvarNanIchatAMye je ApaNe aitihAsika ghaTanAonA AdhAre kiMmatI padArthonI ) baMdhAvyAM che tema anekanA jIrNoddhAra eTaluM paNa kahI zakIe chIe ke, rAjA karAvyAM che. eTale ke bannee svadharmarakSaNArthe khAravelanA samaye eTale i. sa. pU. nI cothI sadIthI navIna pravRtti AdaravAmAM tathA je hatI tene trikaliMganA vatanIo barmAmAM utaravA maMDayA hatA, kAyamI banAvavA mATe ekasarakhe purUSArtha sevyuM che. ane tyAM temane tailaga nAmathI oLakhatA hatA; temaja tema banne jaNAe dAnazALAo tathA dharmazALAo, kALe karIne temanI zAkhAprazAkhAo, IniziyAmAM paNa baMdhAvI che. banne jaNAe yuddhamAM ekasarakhAM paheMcI hatI; te pachI nIce jaNAvelI traNa sthiti parAkrama ane zaurya jema dAkhavyAM che tema parokata jevI ke (1) A zAkhAprazAkhA bauddha saMskRti pratye hRdayanI udAratA batAvI teone temanA asalanA vALI ja hatI (2) ke jaina ane bauddha saMskRti sthAna upara punaHsthApita paNa karyA che. dekhItI rIte Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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-------------- ----- -- * * * * priyadarzana ane [ dazama khaMDa A pagaluM bharavAmAM jo ke banne sarakhA dekhAya che tenA karatAM kudarate pADelI pharajane lIdhe upADayuM hoya chatAM eka rIte priyadarzinane naMbara temAM uco mUkI ema vizeSapaNe dekhAI Ave che, jyAre priyadarzine zakAze; kemake rAjA khAravelanA samaye parAjItanAM manuSyonAM kalyANa mATe te pitAno utsAha satata cAlu roja sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI levAnI tRSNAne janma rAkhyo hato eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu pazuonA ArAma thayA nahe, balake te haju uddabhavamAM hatI jyAre mATe sArA rastAo baMdhAvavAnuM, rastA upara vRkSo samrATa priyadarzinanA samaye te tevI bhAvanA phAlIlIne ubhAM karAvavAnuM ane temane tathA vaTemArguo mATe meTA vRkSarUpe paNa thavA pAmI hatI; chatAM teNe ArAmagRhe baMdhAvavAnuM paNa te bhUlyo nathI. uparAMta chatAyalAM rAjyo jemanAM hatAM temane pAchAM suprata karI bimAra paDatAM manuSyo ane pazuo mATe davAkhAnAM ane dIdhAM che te tenA hRdayanI vizALatA hatI eTale te rUgNAlaye paNa nibhAvyAM che. jyAre khAravelanA hisse kahevuM ja paDaze. banne jaNAe dharmapracAra arthe paNa prayatna temAMnuM kAMI ja neMdhAyuM nathI. alabatta khAravelanA sevyo ja che chatAM kahevuM paDe che ke rAjA khAravele pallAmAM eTaluM jarUra mUkI zakAze ke teNe kaI rIte mAtra vyApAra nimitte paryaTane jatA zAha sodAgaranA prajApIDananI vRtti dAkhavI nathI balake taddana upekSAkAphalAo dvArA ja tevAM pagalAM bharyAnuM kahI zakAya; vRtti ja keLavye gayo samajAya che. athavA saMkSiptamAM bhale A pagalAM, pUrvamAM pAsiphika mahAsAgaramAM kahI zakAya ke rAjA khAravelane rAjya amala prajAkiya Avela inDenIzIyA dvIpa sudhI ane pazcimamAM kAryo karavAmAM zUnyavata hato jyAre samrATa priyadarzinano IrAnI akhAta sudhI laMbAyAM hatAM, paraMtu te tenI rAjya amala sarvakSetrI ane pragatikArI hata; eTaluM ja pitAnI ja phuraNAthI uddabhavela karatAM, vizeSapaNe te nahIM paraMtu te, aharniza prajAkalyANanI bhajanA ane vyApArIoe satsAhathI bharyA hatAM ema samajAya ciMtavana karatA ja dekhAya che. rAjA khAravelanA AvA che, jyAre samrATa priyadarzine te dharmapracArane vega valaNa mATe kadAca kahI zakAze ke tenA samaye kALadevanIApavAne kema jANe eka khAtuM ja rAjyakharca upajAvI avasarpiNI kALanI-asara eTalI badhI thavA pAmI nakADhIne nibhAvye rAkhyuM hoya tema dekhAya che. eTale ja hatI ke jethI eka rAjAne prajAkalyANa tarapha satata dhyAna nahIM paNa tenI kAryavAhInA sarvoparI adhikAra pade ApavuM paDe. rAjya vistAranI bAbatamAM, eka sAmAnya paNa pite ja rahI niyamitapaNe tenI dekharekha ane rAjavI karatAM rAjA khAravela je ke ati vistRta pradeza doravaNa karye rAkhI che. tethI svabhAvika che ke uttaramAM upara pitAnI hakumata sthApavAmAM phatehamaMda nIvaDe madhya eziA sudhI, pazcime eziyAI takanA hatA, chatAM mahArAjA priyadarzinanI tulanAmAM te tene siriyA sudhI dharmapracAra karavAmAM temaja tenAthI dUra rAjyavistAra mAtra trIjA ke cothA bhAgane ja kahI pradezanA rAjavIo sAthe mitrAcArI bAMdhavAmAM te zakAze. eTale rAjyavyavasthAne aMge mahArAjA maLIbhUta thayA che. eTale ekanA rAjya dharmavistAranuM priyadarzinanA AkhAye jIvanamAM buddhicAturyanI thayelI kSetra pUrva tarapha laMbAyuM hatuM jyAre bIjAnA samaye je athAga khilavaTa saheje tarI Ave che temAMthI pazcima tarapha laMbAyuM hatuM. paraMtu phaLanI dIrdhatA, cakkasatA rAjA khAravelanI pratibhA darzAve tevInuM te, ghaNe aMze ane saMgInapaNAnI apekSAe te, priyadarzinane khAte nyUna-bake zUnya kahe to paNa cAlI zake teTaluM ja vizeSa yaza nedhavo ja rahe che. karaMjana mATe bannee pradarzana thayuM che. samAjo, ityAdi kAryo karyAM dekhAya che, chatAM rAjA A pramANe keTalIka bAbatamAM bannene darajaje khAravele sIdhI rIte prajA-sukhane sparze tevAM kAryo sara hovAnuM jema nedhI zakAya tevuM che tema hAtha dharyAnuM dekhAtuM nathI. jo ke teNe nahera khodAvavAnuM ghaNuMye bAbatamAM ekane vadhAre ane bIjAne ochA ya kara che paraMtu te lAsathI pAra pADayuM heya, hevAnuM paNa dekhAI Ave che. chatAM be traNa muddA

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- " paMcama paricheda ] khAravelanI sarakhAmaNuM ha evA che ke jemAM priyadarzinane naMbara khAravela karatAM baLatuM hatuM te daSTie te mahArAjA priyadarzina ane ghaNe nIce utarI jAya che. temane eka te e ke rAjA khAravelane eka ja kakSAmAM mUkavA rahe che. priyadarzine bhale pitAnI kIrti jagaAzakAra karavAnI (4) vakathIva : patezvara umedathI, zilAlekho ane staMbhalekho ubhA nathI karAvyA rAjA khAravelanuM maraNa thatAM, kaliMgapati tarIke chatAM ye jAge ajANe teNe pitAnuM nAma te temanA yuvarAja kumAra vikragrIvane rAjyAbhiSeka tharyo ketarAvyuM che ja, jyAre rAjA khAravele zilAlekha hato. tene rAjyaamala ma. sa. 134 thI 155 = ubho karAvavAnuM te alaga rAkhe paraMtu kyAMya pitAnuM I. sa. pU. 393 thI 372 sudhInA 21 varSane gaNI nAma suddhAMta ketarAvavAnI paNa kanavAra rAkhI nathI. te zakAze. tene janma mahArAjA khAravelanI vadharavALI saghaLuM tenI rANIe ja karAvyuM dekhAya che ane temAM paNa rANInA peTe ma. sa. 105 (tenA rAjyAbhiSeka bAda rAja khAravele koI jAtano Adeza karyo hoya ke IcchA sAtame varSa40 eTale 98 + 7 = 105) = I. sa. pU. pradarzita karI hoya evuM e samajAtuM nathI. bIjuM e kara2 mAM thayo hato. eTale pote gAdIpati tarIke che ke banne jaNuM, upAsaka vRtto levAM sudhInA i. sa. pU. 393 mAM birAjamAna thayo tyAre tenI daraje pahoMcyA te che ja, paraMtu rAjA khAravela tethI ye umara barAbara trIsa varSanI hatI ane 21 varSa AgaLa vadhIne rAjyalagAma mUkI daI tathA taddana nivRtta rAjya karI maraNa pAmyA che eTale tenuM AyuSya thaI svaAtmakalyANa sAdhavAmAM paNa ratta tha dekhAya che 51 varSanuM hatuM ema kahI zakAze. jyAre priyadarzina vRtta lIdhAM pachI AgaLa vadhavAmAM maurya samrATa caMdragupta kevI rIte, prathama nAno tadana aTakI ja gayo che. sarakhAmaNane ATalA mulaka meLavIne tyAM potAnI gAdI karavAthI mairyavaMzanI ATalA aMze hovA chatAM, samrATa priyadazina pazu- sthApanA karI hatI tathA te bAda Avazyaka lAgatAM kalyANanA mArge akhatyAra karavAmAM jema nirALA pAsenA pArvatIya pradezanA adhipatinI kumaka meLavI te paDI jAya che tema rAjA khAravela eka bAbatamAM vakhatanA magadhasamrATa naMdanavamAnI upara AkramaNa laI tadana ja na paDI jAya che. pustake hAranuM ane jai tene harAvI pite I. sa. pU. 37ra ma.saM. 155 sUtrasaMrakSaNanuM kArya rAjA khAravele ja mAtra karI mAM magadha samrATa banyo hato, te sarva vRttAMta ApaNe batAvyuM che jyAre samrATa priyadarzine te dizAmAM rU. 2 mAM caMdraguptanA vRttAMte vistArathI jaNAvI gayA kiMcita paNa prayAsa sevyo dekhAtuM nathI. te mATe banavA chIe. tyAMnA vRttAMta karatAM vizeSa zodhane aMge je khAsa joga che ke kadAca sthiti ane saMjogo ja javAbadAra anya vigate jaNavavI rahe che tenuM ja nidarzana atra hevA joIe athavA haze. ApaNe ema te nathI karIzuM. mudrArAkSasa nAme prAcIna saMskRta nATaka racAyeluM ja kahI zakatA ke mahArAjA priyadarzina pustakanuM che temAM A pArvatIya pradezanA adhipatinA nAma mahatva AMkavAmAM rAjA khAravela karatAM kaI rIte tarIke, je sAmAnya nAma kahevAya tevuM, parvata dezane pazcAta paDI jatA hatA athavA te bAbatamAM te ajJa svAmIH Izvara=parvatezvara jaNAvela che. AgaLa jatAM A hatuM paraMtu amAruM kahevuM te eTaluM ja che ke temanA parvatezvaranA putra ane samrATa caMdragupta vacce je yuddha haste tenuM kArya thavA pAmyuM nathI; pachI kAraNa game thavA pAmyuM che temAM tenuM nAma malayaketu jaNAvela te heya. che; tathA caMdraguptanA mahAmaMtrI che. cANakaya pitAnA bAkI rAjA khAravelanuM jIgara jainadharma pratye hedA uparathI kAragata thaI rAjapurohita tarIke kAma (40) juo hAthIguphA lekha paMkti 7 tathA uparamAM vidvAnoe je ema jAhera karyuM che ke, te samaye 25 meM (1) A uparathI samajAze ke khAravelanI umaraghaparathI varSe gAdI saMpatI hatI (jIe pa. 24) te vAstavika nathI

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34 vakIvaH parvatezvara | [ dazama khaMDa karate ho tyAre mahAmaMtrInI pharaje je vyakti adA tenA sAmAnya ke rAjakIya jIvana vize kyAMya karI rahI hatI tenuM nAma rAkSasa jaNAvyuM che. jyAre ullekha thayela vAMcavAmAM AvatuM nathI paraMtu ekAda ApaNe ahIM parvatezvara jevA sAmAnya nAmane sthAne be banAvo noMdhAyAnI je hakIkata bahAra AvavA vakragrIva ane tenI pAchaLa gAdIe AvanAranuM nAma pAmI che te uparathI tenuM anumAnika svarUpa citarI makaradhvaja urphe malayaketu jaNAvyuM che. A nAma zakAya tema che ke pote vilAsI jIvana gALate hevo kayAMthI amane maLI AvyAM che. tenuM barAbara joIe; tenuM mRtyu je Akasmita saMyogomAM thavA cokkasa sthAna atra maLatuM nathI. paraMtu sarva vigata pAmyuM che te uparathI ja mukhyapaNe A anumAna ghaDavuM barAbara che eTale eka vakhata bhale nAmanI heraphera paDayuM che temaja tene samarthana karatA bIjA purAvAo puravAra thaI jAya to paNa itihAsanI daSTie AlekhA- AMdhrapatinA jIvanamAMthI paNa labdha thAya che. te hakIkata yelI hakIkata te kAyama ja rahe che ema samajavuM. eTale A pramANe che. khAravelanA vRttAMtamAM puravAra karAyuM itihAsa AlekhanamAM hAla turata rAjA khAravelanA che ke, teNe aMdhavaMzanA sthApaka rAjAzrImukhane harAvI patra ane uttarAdhikArI tarIke parvatezvaranA sthAne te karI. nasADIne nAsika bhegA karyo hato tyArathI A vyaktinuM nAma vakragrIva kAyama rAkhyuM che. tathA te aMdhapatio khAravelanA khaDiyA jevA banI gayA vakragrIvanA putra tarIke malayaketu urphe makaradhvaja paNa hatA tathA aMdhabhU tarIke oLakhAtA thayA hatA. kAyama rAkhIzuM. vaLI A malayaketunA pakSe rahIne samrATa A aMdhabhro pAchaLathI rAjA vikragrIvanA rAjyakALa caMdraguptanI sAme yuddhamAM jhajhumanAra tarIke vaicaka-ke- vaLI svataMtra banI beThA hatA ema temanA sikkA vairecananuM nAma devAyuM che ane tene malayaketunA kAkA uparathI samajAya che (te mATe juo pu. 5 mAM tarIke hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. eTale te badhAnI vacce temanA vRttAMte) eTale svabhAvika rIte evA anumAna sagapaNa saMbaMdha batAvavA mATe A sainyapati vaicakane, upara ja rahe che ke, rAjAvakragrIva mejazekhavALuM kaligapati vakragrIvane bhAI tathA samrATa khAravelano putra tathA IdriyAsakta vilAsI jIvana gALate have joIe. hevAne nirdeza ApaNe pR. 353 mAM karavo paDyo che. A dakSiNApathanA rAjAo, jeo khAravelanA samaye A sivAya tenA kuTuMba vize vizeSa kAMI jANavAmAM tene AdhIna hatA te svataMtra banI javAthI, kaliMga AvyuM nathI. paraMtu tenI umara, uparanA pArigrAphe je sAmrAjyanI hada vakragrIvanA samaye ghaNI saMkucita banavA 51 varSanI lakhI che temAM eTaluM vadhAre sUcavI zakAze pAmI hatI; chatAMye kaliMgAdhipatinI gaNanA te mahAke, tenuM maraNa je Akasmika saMjogomAM banavA pAmyuM rAjyanA eka samrATa tarIke ja thatI hatI. eTalA mATe ja hatuM (juo AgaLa upara) tema na thayuM hota to tenI paM. cANakaye rAjA caMdragupta taraphathI magadha upara caDAI AyuSyadArI vizeSa laMbAI hota kharI. laI javAmAM A vakragrIva parvatazvaranI madada meLavavAnI (42) prAcIna bhAratavarSanA A AkhAye itihAsa patinA khaMDiyA hatA ane pAchaLathI magadhapatinA khaMDiyA asalamAM lagabhaga dazeka varSa upara lakhAyela che. te samaye thayA hatA. eTale temanA uparanI sArvabhaumasattA ne ke pharI je kAcI nedha hatI temAMthI upayogI utAre karI karIne gaI hatI kharI, paraMtu temanI potAnI sthiti che je bhUlyA: kAcI noMdha phADI nAMkhavAmAM AvI che, eTale atyAre tenI tarIke hatI te te amuka vakhata sudhI kAyama ja rahevA pAmI meLavaNI karavAnuM sAdhana rahyuM nathI. tethI vinaMti ke pragaTa hatI ane eka karatAM vizeSa rAjAe tevA hatA mATe bahathayela pustakamAMnI hakIkata jayAM asaMgata dekhAya vacana vApara?' tyAM atra darzAvelI vigata pramANe sudhAro karIne (44) zrImukha te potAnA zeSa sattAkALamAM prabhutva vAMcI le. ja rahyo hato paNa tenI pachI gAdIe AvanAra tene putra (43) khAravelanA ja khaMDiyA hatA ema hakIkata nathI; tathA nAno bhAI i. svataMtra thaI gayA hatA tethI atra parata cheDe vakhata khAravelanA ane tenA vaMza ja liMga ApaNe bahuvacana vAparyuM che,

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paMcama pariccheda 1 malayaketuH makaradhvaja 365 yAcanA karI hatI. trikaliMgAdhipati rAjA vastrIvane aMga, vaMza ane kaliMgadezanA samuhavALA pradeza rAjA khAravelanA maraNa khAda vArasAmAM maLyA hatA temAMnA aMgadezane cedi nAmathI itihAsakArAe oLakhAvyA che. A pradezanA eka bhAga je magadhanI sarahadanI aDe|a paraMtu rAjA vakragrIvanA sattAsthAnathI atidura Avela hatA temaja patanI nAnI nAnI zRMkhalAvaDe viTaLAyala hAvAthI peAtAne surakSita sthAnarUpa nIvaDavA jevA lAgatA hatA te paDAvI laI, tyAM rAjAcaMdragupte prathama rAjagAdI I. sa. pU, 381mAM sthApI hatI (sthAna mATe jIe|45 traNa ApyuM. ahIM paNa paM. cANakaye peAtAnuM muddhi kauzakSya pAchuM dAkhavyuM. rAjA vakragrIvanuM valaNa strIsaMgI che te sArI rIte jANatA hatA, eTale je svarUpavatI viSakanyA mahAnaMdanA rAjye hatI tene, rAjAcaMdraguptane zAnamAM samajAvIne AgaLa dharAvI. rAjA vakragrIva te lAvaNyamayI lalanAne jotAM ja kAmAtura thaI gayA ane aDadhA rAjyanA khadalAmAM te kanyAnuM pANigrahaNa karIne ja saMteSa meLavavA IcchA pradarzita karI. catura cANakayane te eTaluM ja oItuM hatuM. turatA turaMta lagnanI taiyArI karAvavA mAMDI. lagnanI kriyAmAM, viSakanyA rANInA hasta meLApa pu. 1 mAM navamAnaMdanA rAjya vistAra vALA nakazA)thatAM, je vidhi karavAnI hatI temAM samaya paNa lAge ja eTale te daramiyAna hastayamAM-karasaMpuTamAM parasevA upanyA te dvArA rAjA vakragrIvanA zarIramAM viSa praveza thavAthI te muAgata thayA ane pariNAme TuMka samayamAM tyAMne tyAM ja mRtyuvaza thayA. A banAva magadhanI bhUmi upara banyA gaNAya. tathA AgaLa jatAM vadhAre majabUta banyA hatA. chatAMye te kAM magadhapati sAme mAthuM ucakavA jevI sthitie tA pahoMcyA na ja kahevAya. tema bIjI khAju vakhata tA pasAra thaye ja jatA hatA ane e paNa ceAkkasa hatuM ke ' bhIkhanAM hAMllAM kAMI zIke caDatA nathI' eTale paM, cANakaye krAinI madada meLavavA najara de|DAvavI ja rahI. paraMtu kAi samartha bhUpati tene upayegI thAya tevA tA parvatezvara kaliMgapatija hatA ane tene te potAnA duzmana banAvI dIdhA hatA; jethI tene peAtAnA pakSamAM meLavI levA te azakaya ja gaNAtuM ? paraMtu rAjya lAbha zuM nathI karI zakatA ? A uparathI ja magadhapati navamAnaMda sAmenA yuddhamAM madade ubhA rahevAnA badalAmAM rAjAvakragrIvane aDadhuM magadha sAmrAjya ApavAnI zarate 5. cANakaye peAtAnI buddhinA khaLe, potAnA pakSe meLavI lIdhA hatA. te bAda banne vacce mahAyuddha thayuM ane pariNAme mahAnaMda-navamAnaMdane gAdI tyAga karavA paDayA tathA caMdragupta magadhapati banyA. I. sa. 312=ma. saM. 155. have caMdragupte rAjAvakragrIvane apAyala peAtAnA DhAla pALavAnA avasara Avyo. teNe rAjAvazrIvane rAjyanA mAnavaMta mahemAna tarIke magadhamAM padhArI pRcchApUrvaka aDadhA hissA laI javA AmaM (45) pelI DeAzI ane khIrapItuM tenu bALaka tathA 5. cANakayanI kAma karavAnI nIti-rIti; te DozImAe Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat A pramANe rAjA vathrIvane te rAjyanA AdhA bhAga levA jatAM, rAjya tA eka bAju rahyuM paraMtu bhAge na maLyA ane ulaTA jAna gumAvavA paDayA. I. sa. pU. 77ra. A banAvane catura cANakayanI rAjakIya zatrajamAnA aneka paTakhelananA maMgaLAcaraNamAMnuM eka gaNavuM raheze. vakratrIva zA mATe nAma paDayuM che? tenI DAka vAMkI hatI ke kema ? athavA tA . kharUM nAma khIjuM ja hatuM e muddA vize kAMI prakAza paDatA nathI. (5) malayaketu; makaradhvaja, mayUradhvaja rAjA vajragrIvanuM maraNu magadhanI bhUmi upara thavA pAmyuM hatuM te ApaNe uparamAM joi gayA eTale kaliMga dezamAM tenA maraNu vize chIe. aneka gapagALA uDavA mAMDayA hatA. yuvarAja malayaketue kaliMganI rAjyalagAma hAthamAM tA lIdhI zaMkAspada saMjogAmAM paraMtu potAnA pitAnuM mRtyu ullaAA dIdhAnA prasasTaMga I. I. pradezamAM banavA pAmI hatI ema A sahIta bhA samajavuM, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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366 cavAthI--ane te paNa maitrI dharAvatA rAjAnA darakhAramAM thavAthI--tenA manamAM ghaNA khaTakA rahI javA pAmyA hatA. eTale teNe kAMIka AvezamAM ane kAMIka rASamAM caMdraguptanA magadhadeza upara caDAI karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. rAjA khAravelanA maraNa samaye joke sArAye dakSiNaviMda kaliMgane tAme hateA paraMtu tenA maraNu khAda rAjA vastrIne peAtAnA vilAsI jIvanane aMge ghaNAkharA bhAga gumAvI dIdhA hatA; jene asalamAM aMgadeza kahevAtA hatA, te jema rAjA caMdragupte peAte magadhapati banyA te pahelAM hastagata karI lIdhA hatA tema bAkInA aMgadeza-varADa prAMtanA bhAgamAM tathA pazcimamrATa vALA pradezamAM je aMpati zrImukhe rAjA khAravelanA bhRtyaH tarIke ANu svIkArI hatI ane jenA putra atyAre gAdIe hatA te paNa svataMtra khanI gayA hatA. eTale teTalA bhAga paNu kaliMganA sAmrAjyamAMthI khAtala thai ja gayA kahevAya. adhurAmAM purUM, te gautamIputra yajJazrIe tathA tenA pachI AvanAra trIjA aMdhapati tenA kAkA kRSNa vasiSTha putre, nijhAmI rAjyavALA bhAga paNa paDAvI lIdheA hatA. ceAlA, pallava ane pAMDaya rAjA vize je ke bahu jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI paraMtu saMbhavita che ke, kAM teo svataMtra khunI gayA haiAya athavA tA upara varNavelA khIjA ane trIjA zAtakaraNInA tAkhe gayA haiAya. game tema banavA pAmyuM heAya paraMtu eTalI sthiti nakkI che ke, te sadhaLA karliMgapatinI ANumAMthI tA khasI gayA hatA ja, TuMkamAM kahI zakAro ke vakragrIvanA maraNa samaye kaliMganA sAmrAjyanI hRda bahu ja saMkucita khanI gaI hatI. A kAraNathI rAjA malayaketunAM nazIkhe bahu nAnA pradeza ja hAthamAM Avyo hatA ema kahevuM paDaze. eTale jyAre caMdragupta, malayaketunA pitA vakrIvanI madada lIdhI hatI tyAre peAte bhale nAnakaDA pradezanA ja rAjavI hatA, paraMtu atyAre tA te moTA rAjyanA mAlika khanI khe| hatA. temAMye magadha sAmrAjyanI bhUmimAMthI je kAMi bhAga paDavAnA hatA, te have rAjAvakragrIvanuM maraNu thatAM tenA hissAmAMja rahI javA pAmyA hatA. eTale atyAre malayaketuH makaradhvaja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ dazama khaMDa caMdragupta samrATa upADayo paNa upaDe nahIM tevA khanI gayA hatA. A pramANe eka pakSe malayaketunI ane khIjA pakSe caMdraguptanI sthiti rAjya vistAra paratve banI rahI hatI. chatAM malayaketue upara kahI gayA pramANe samrATa caMdraguptanA darakhAre akasmAtathI pAtAnA pitAnA nIpajelA avasAnane aMge pragaTI nIkaLelA rASane lIdhe caDAI laI javA IcchA karI hatI. te pramANe yuddha paNa thayuM hatuM jenA pariNAme tenI hakumatamAM ulaTe vizeSa kApa mUkAyA temaja te pote kheAja gumAvI kheThA. kadAca te yuddhamAM maraNu paNa pAmyA hAya. kAi rIte kAMi cokkasa sthiti uccArI zakAya tema nathI. eTale hAla teA anumAna karavuM rahe che ke, uparanA yuddha bAda je te jIvatA rahevA pAmyA hAya te| paNa bahu ja nAmeAthI bharelI sthitimAM, ane ekadama nAnA pradeza upara ja adhikAra bhAgavatA paDI rahyo DAya. vaLI te bAda gheADA varSamAM tenuM maraNu nIpajatAM ceviMzanI samApti thai gaI gaNAze tathA kaliMgadeza haMmezane mATe magadha sAmrAjya eka aMza banI gaye| gaNuAro. A khanAvane samaya ApaNe aMdAje i. sa. pU. 361 nA mUkIzuM. cedivaMzanI samApti thai gayAnuM ApaNe eTalA uparathI jaNAvavuM paDe che ke maurya caMdraguptanA pAtra samrATa azokavardhananA darabAramAM je grIka elacI megesthanIsa AvyA hatA teNe hiMdanA keTalAMka vidyamAna rAjyA vize hakIkatA jaNAvI che temAM AMdhra rAjyanuM nAma levAyuM che paraMtu cedinuM nAma dekhAtuM nathI. eTale ceviMzanuM nAma ja kAMtA tenA samaye taddana lupta thai gayuM kahevAya athavA tA cedivaMzanI sthA panA ja megesthenIsanA samaya khAda thai haze ema mAnI levuM joe. paraMtu ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe, temaja hAthINuMkAnA lekha paNa jaNAve che ke, rAjA naMdanA samaye A cedivaMzanA rAna kSemarAja haiyAta paNa hatA ja. eTale ke naMdavaMza ane cedivaMsa eka vakhata samakAlIna paNe vartatA hatA ane eka khIjAnI harIphrAimAM rAja calAvye jatA hatA; jethI sAbita tha gayuM ke, cevi'za megesthenIsanA samaya www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paMcama paricheda 1 * * * cedivaMzane ata 367 patra astitvamAM hato ja.46 paraMtu jyAre te hiMdamAM samApti thaI gaI hovI joIe. teno samaya I. sa. 5. Avyo tyAre divaMza nahoto. A uparathI anumAna 361 no je jaNAvyuM che tenAthI kadAca be varSa thAya che ke rAjA malayaketunA maraNa bAda te vaMzanI Agho pAcho hoya te judI vastu kahevAya. (46) uparamAM rAjA khAravelo samaya vicAratAM, tathA hatA temAM pU. 320 TI. naM. 20mAM jaNAvela hakIktane te zagapati puSyamitrane samakAlIna kaI rIte na hoI jema umero kare rahe che tema A bInAne paNa umere zake tenI dalIla karatAM, je lagabhaga vIseka muddA TAMkayA karavo paDaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.cont.

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368 [ prAcIna pariziSTa cedivaMzanA chavana maraNa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA athavA kahe ke tenA nAma mAtrane duniyAnI jANumAM lAvanAra hAthIguphAnA lekhanuM ane rAjA khAravelanuM vRttAMta A khaMDamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. atyAra sudhI to te bannene je hakIkata sIdhI rIte aitihAsika daSTie sparzatI hatI temanuM ja varNana uparanA paricchedamAM karAyuM che, paraMtu keTalIka hakIkta evI paNa che ke je cedivaMzane ke hAthIguMphAnA lekhane sIdhI rIte sparzatI nathI, chatAM tenA varNana upara ADakatarI rIte asara kare tevI dekhAya che athavA te te lekhanI hakIkatanI sAthe koIka rIte guMthAyelI mAluma paDI che, eTale tene paNa, jyAre A paricchede te lekhano prasaMge upasthita thayo che tyAre, sAthe sAthe jaNAvI devAya te vAstavika gaNAze; te gaNatrIe tevI alaga paDI jatI vigatane A svataMtra pariziSTamAM utAravI yogya dhArI che. rAjA khAravela jainadharmanuyAyI che temaja hAthIguphAnA lekhamAM darzAvAyelI aneka hakIkata paNa tenA dharmanI sAthe ja saMkalita thayelI che eTale have nakkI thayuM che. vaLI te sarva bInA lekhanA AdhAre jaNAyela hovAthI tene aphara ane aTaLa ja mAnavI rahe che. ATalI vAta khIle baMdhAyAthI bhAratIya ItihAsamAM AvatI tathA najare paDatI aneka bAbatomAM kharuM zuM che te tapAsI jovAne, kasavAne ane te uparathI aMtima nirNaya upara AvavAne, ApaNane eka mApa-cAvI-kATaluM hAtha AvI gayuM che ema jarUra kahI zakAze ja. dharma e evI vastu che ke dunyavI jaDa padArtho karatAM, AtmAnA caitanyamaya ane tejapUMja sarIkhA padArtho sAthe te vizeSataH jakaDAyelI rahelI che; eTale ja tenI agatyatA, jyAM jaDa vastunuM prAdhAnya manAtuM hoya, tyAM jeTalI svIkAravAmAM AvatI hoya, tenA karatAM jyAM cetanavaMtA AtmAnA gauravanI pIchAna karavAmAM AvatI hoya, tyAM anekAMze vizeSataH svIkArAya che. A kAraNathI duniyAnA sarva dezo karatAM, bhArata dezamAM dharmanI bAbata upara vizeSa jora-zora devAya che. A eka sthiti thaI bIjI sthiti e che ke, jyAM sudhI AtmaguNane tenI sthitimAM rahevA devAmAM Ave ane jaDatAne paNa tenI svIkRta adhikAra jeTaluM ja mahattva ApavAmAM Ave, tyAMsudhI te vizvabharamAM badhuM naisargika rIte ja cAlyA kare che tevuM dekhAya. paraMtu jevuM jaDa ke caitanyamaya vastunA adhikAra upara AkramaNa thavA mAMDayuM ke khaLabhaLATa thavAne, thavAno ne thavAne ja; jeTaluM AkramaNanuM pramANa vadhAre, teTale khaLabhaLATa-krAMti vadhAre. eTale sAmAjIka kAryo ke jemAM cetanavaMtA dharmane, jaDa gaNAtI rUDhIo ane vyavahAra sAthe kAma levAnuM hoya che, tyAM nAnAM pramANamAM AkramaNane avakAza rahete hevAthI nAnA prakAranA khaLabhaLATa thatA dekhAya che. jyAre rAjakrAMtiomAM athavA te rAjakIya kSetromAM, rAjasattAnA jore (1) dhama zabdamAM jyAM pUrva samaye cetana bhareluM hatuM tyAM atyAre jaDatAnI bhAvanA ghara karatI jAya che, eTale hRdayanA bhAva sAthe je dhamane asalamAM saMbaMdha hatAM te have naSTa thaI gayo che ane kevaLa bAhya je aMge hatAM tene ja dharmanA nAmathI saMbodhAvA maMDAyuM che. tethI vartamAnakALe vaidikadhama hoya teNe zivamaMdire javuM, adhdha caDAvavuM, nAvuM jovuM, gAyatrInA be pATha meDhethI bolI javA eTale patI gayuM; jainadharmIe navakAra gaNava, maMdire javuM, cAMdalo karo, bahu tyAre nAhIne pUjA karavI eTale patyuM. A pramANe bAhyanA vidhividhAnane ja-jaDa padArthane jadharma tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvI rahyo che. ATale darajaje AtmA ane jaDa vastuonA adhikAra kSetre AkramaNa thayAnuM gaNavuM paDaze. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] pariziSTa 39 dhaDamULathI pheraphAra karAtA hAine, te samaye thatA khaLabhaLATa-palaTAo-krAMtie javALAmukhIrUpe pragaTI nIkaLatAM jaNAya che. hiMdustAna upara aneka rAjasattAoe pAtAnA adhikAra bhogavyA che, te te spaSTaH che ja; tema rAjasattA, te paNa ATha prakAranA gaNAtA madamAnA eka che ja. eTale rAjasattA jyAM sudhI potAnA madane aMkuzamAM rAkhIne vartyA kare, tyAM sudhI te bahu vAMdhA jevuM dekhAtu` nathI ja; athavA mahu bahu tA, uparamAM jaNAvyA pramANe sAmAjIka kSetromAM dekhAI AvatA khaLabhaLATa jevA chamakalAM ja aMhI tahI najare paDayAM kare; paraMtu jevA te mada tenI hrada kudAvI gayA ke kayAM AgaLa te aTakI jo te kahevuM ke kalpavuM jema azakaya che tema, temAMthI nIpajatAM pariNAmanuM paNa samajI levuM. eTale ja sara jona kha`vuDa sAhebanuM kathana je pR. 330 upara TAMkI khatAvyuM che ke "bhAratavarSa meM jItanI dhArmika aura rAjanItika-krAMtiyAM huI hai, ItanI saMsAra ke anya kisi dezameM nahIM huI" tenI yathArthatA turata samajI zakAze. atyAre ApaNA upara pAzcAtya saMskRtimAM tarakheALa thayelI rAjasattAne| amala cAlatA hAvAthI, tenA guNudeSa ApaNAmAM pravezavA pAmyA che, temanI rAjanIti, sattAmadane amuka prakAre saMyamamAM rAkhIne kAma levAnI hAvAthI, dharmakSetre ke sAmAjIkakSetre meTA khaLabhaLATa yate| najare nathI. paDatA. paraMtu temanI nIti, dharmamAM rahelA Atmatatvane maMdapravAhathI khaseDI, svasaMskRtinI jaDamaya asara prasarAvavAnI hAvAthI, temaNe bhAratasaMtAnane apAtI keLavaNIneA vahIvaTa pAtAnA kAbUmAM lIdhe| ane tenuM pAna gaLathUthImAMthI karAvIne uchera karavA mAMDayeAH eTale jema jema keLavaNI prAsAdita varga umare paheAMcavA mAMDayA tema tema tenI jaDatA dekhAvA mAMDI. A kathananI satyatAnA purAvA sArAye bhAratavarSanA cAre khUNethI, keLavaNInA pratApe ApaNA hiMdIenA thayela maneAparivartana ane cAritryasaMbaMdhI saMbhaLAtI phariyAdo ane rANAM uparathI atyAre ApaNane maLI Ave che; eTalA uparathI ja ApaNA dezabaMdhuoe taka maLatAM ja te keLavaNIneA rAha badalAvavAnA nizcaya upara AvIne, tenA kharA mArge javAnuM prayANa karavA mAMDayuM che. A sthiti tA vartamAnakALanI thaI. paraMtu bhArata upara jyAre meAgalAI cAlatI hatI tyAre te saMskRtinuM prAbalya jAmI paDayuM hatuM; te pUrve muslIma mahajabanA aneka videzI rAjakartAonA rAjavahIvaTa cAlatA hatA tyAre temanI saMskRtie jora pakaDayuM hatuM; tema te pUrve jyAre guptavaMzI ane rAjaputa kSatriyAnI saMskRtinA adhikAra tapI rahyo hateA tyAre vaLI temanI saMskRtinA sUryodaya thaI rahyo hatA. A pramANe saMskRtinA AkramaNa ane vikAsanA itihAsa kahevAya. A khIjI sthiti thaI. A khe prakrAreja sthiti sadAya pravartatI rahe che. uparanA pArigrAphamAM e prakAranI je naisargika vastusthiti hAvAne citAra ApyA che, te kudaratI niyama pramANe cAlyA ja kare che, temAM kAIne doSa ApavA rahetA nathI; temaja be traNa saMskRtinA je dRSTAMtA uparamAM apAyAM che te badhAM evA samayanA che ke A pustakanA varNana mATe ApaNe TharAvelI maryAdAne kAMI saMbaMdha ja nathI eTale ApaNe te cheADI devAM rahe che. paraMtu varNananI samayamaryAdAmAM je vastusthiti AvI paDatI heAya teneA khyAla te ApaNe ApavA ja rahe. temaja je kALaneA itihAsa ApaNe AlekhI rahyA chIe te kALe sArAye bhAratavarSamAM traNa saMskRti ja vidyarmatI hatI. eTale je samaye je saMskRtinA rAjakartA rAjasattA upara hAya te samaye te saMskRti sauthI vadhAre taravaratI najare paDe . te dekhItuM ja che. pachI tevuM varNana karanAra ke tevI saMskRtinuM jora hatuM ema kahenAra, game te matanA anuyAyI hAya tApaNu temAM tenA doSa zuM ? teNe tA je vastusthiti peAtAne satya tarIke lAge te vinAsakAo - temaja geApavyA vinA niSpakSapAtapaNe, dAkhalA dalIlA sAthe vidhipUrvaka sapramANa batAvavI ja rahe; nahIM te| pakSapAta karyAMnA athavA te vastugeApanane doSa tene zIre ulaTA AvI paDavAnA ja. jo A vastusthiti ru

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vahae pariziSTa [ prAcIna barAbara khyAlamAM rakhAya te vAcakavarga turata samajI zakaze ke, AvI paristhitimAM te pramANe vastunA AlekhanArane doSa? ke vartamAna paristhiti anvaye baMdhAI gayela nirNita patane daDhapaNe vaLagI rahIne AlekhAyelI vastune jenArane doSa? vastusthiti A pramANe pravartatI rahelI heIne, ATale lA prastAva kare jarUrI lAgyo che. have A pariziSTamAM AlekhavA dhArelI aitihAsika ghaTanAo samajAvavA prayatna karIzuM. prathama ApaNe, nahapANa kSaharATa ane gautamIputra zAtakaraNa-rANu baLazrInA pautra saMbaMdhI ghaTanA vicArIe. A banne rAjavIoe potAnA nAme nAsikanI guphAomAM taMbha ubhA karAvyA che. A staMbhanA zIrebhAge siMha ane vRSabha kotarAyela che. staMbhanI kArIgarI vize ApaNe A sthAne kAMI ullekha karavAnI jarUra nathI. (Icchuka, pharagyusana sAheba kRta hisTarI opha InDIyana ane IsTarna AkaTekacara bhAga 1 pR. 185nuM varNana joI levuM). paraMtu A prANIcitro vize tathA te rAjAonA dharma vize be zabdo kahevAnA che. vidvAnoe A banne staMbhone bauddhadharmanAM pratIkasamAM mAnyAM che. chatAM khUbI e che ke, nahapANane jainadharmo hovAnuM have teo svIkAratA thayA che tathA gautamIputrane athavA to AkhA zAtavahanavaMzane ane tethI karIne temAMnA keTalAka rAjAo je zAtakaraNI nAme oLakhAtA thayA che temane, vaidikamatAnuyAyI hevAnuM TharAve che. dekhItuM ja che ke vaidika ane jena rAjAo baddhadharmanAM pratIke ubhAM karAve te vidhAna ja buddhine anusaratuM nathI, tyAre kharuM zuM hoI zake te tatvajJAsune jANI levAnI jarUra hoya che ja. vAstavika te e ja che ke, dareka rAjA pitApitAnA dharmanuM ja smAraka UbhuM karAve. temAM nahapANu tathA tenA jJAtibaMdhu sarva kSaharATa-jainadharmanuyAyIo hatA, te ApaNe temanAM vRttAMtanuM Alekhana karatAM sAbita karI batAvyuM che (juo pu. 3 pR. 253thI 263). jyAre zAtavahanavaMzane sthApaka rAjA zrImukha pite tathA tenA vaMzajo mukhyabhAge (vacce thAka apavAda sivAya; I. sa. 78mAM jyAM sudhI temAMnA eka rAjA maitamIputre vaidika dharma aMgIkAra karIne zakasaMvata pravatAvyo nahote tyAM sudhI teo jene ja hatA,) te hakIkta prasaMgopAta uparanA bhAgomAM ApaNe jaNAvI dIdhI che. vaLI A aitamIputranA sikkA uparathI (juo pu. 2 sikkA citra AMka naM. 75-76) paNa sAbita thAya che ke te jainadharmI hato. tema teNe zakAri vikramAdityanI saMgAthe (juo uparamAM tenuM jIvanacaritra) rahIne jainatIrthanA avataMsa samAna zatruMjaya upara amuka amuka dharmakAryo karAvyAnuM paNa noMdhAyuM che. eTale spaSTa thAya che ke gautamIputra pite paNa jainamatAnuyAyI hatA ja. vaLI pu. 5 mAM temanA svataMtra adhikAranuM varNana karatAM savistarapaNe A hakIkata zilAlekha ane sikkAonA purAvAthI ApaNe sAbita karI ApIzuM. eTale hAla te tene svIkAra karIne ja AgaLa vadhIzuM. matalaba e thaI ke rAjA nahapANa tathA maitamIputra zatakaraNa bane jaNa dharma jene ja hatA. eTale temaNe je staMbha ubhA karAvyA che temAM, je koI dazya ketarAvyAM hoya te sarvemAM, te dharmanA siddhAMtane anusarIne ja kAma levAyuM hoya te dekhItuM ja che. A niyamane svIkAra karAya te e paNa spaSTa thaI jAya che ke, siMha ane vRSabhAdi pazuo te samaye jenadharmasUcaka cinha ja (2) balake kahe ke, je tene tyAM ubhA karAyA che temane oLakhAvavA mATe vidvAnoe, nahapANa pIlara ane gautamIputra pIlara evAM nAmo ApyAM che. (a) nahapANu staMbha, naM. 8nA nAme oLakhAtI nAsikaguphAnI ozarImAM ubho karela che. taMbha naM. 8nI guphAmAM Avela che. (3) siMha te jenenA 24mA tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIranuM laMchanaoLakhaciha-che jayAre vRSabha te pahelA zrI aSabhadevanuM cinha che.

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bhAratavarSa ] pariziSTa 371 hatAM. (bhale A samayabAda aneka dharmakrAMtinA samaye tenuM anukaraNa anyadharmIoe karI vALyuM heAya te vastu judI che) eTale A niyama-siddhAMtane ApaNe te dharmanAM dazyAnuM rahasya ukalanAra eka cAvIrUpa gaNIzuM. have khIjA e dRSTAMtA laizuM. saMkisA ane tirahuTa pIlarsa (jIe citra AkRti naM. 49 tathA 50). A bannene vidvAnee bauddhadharmAM jAhera karyAM che. paraMtu AmAMnA tirahuTastaMbha tA samrATa priyadarzinanI kRti che; tenI TAMce siMhAkRti paNa che. samrATa priyadarzinanA vRttAMte puravAra karI apAyuM che ke te rAjA jainadharmI hatA ane teNe pAtAnA dharmanA chellA pravartaka zrI mahAvIranA jIvanamAMnA amuka prasaMgane aMge tyAM staMbha ubhA karAvyA hatA. vaLI te mahAvIranuM eLakha cinha-laMchana, siMha heAine teNe te staMbhanA zirAbhAge gAvI dIdhA che. matalaba ke tirasphuTa staMbha jainAnA che. tevI ja rIte saMkisA pIlaranuM paNa samajavuM. phera eTale ja ke, A staMbhanI TAMce hAthI che. alabata A hAthInuM mAthuM khaMDita thayeluM hAvAthI mAtra-dhaDa ja ubhuM raheluM dekhAya che. paraMtu tenuM citra evA prakAre levAyeluM che ke dhaNA dhaNA vidyAtAe tene siMha ja mAnI lIdheApa hatA. have te bhrama nIkaLI gayA che ane te hAthI ja che. ema spaSTa thayuM che. A hAthInA cinhane paNa jainadharma sAthe jaTM saMbaMdha che. tenI sAthe bauddhadharmane zuM saMbaMdha hAI zake te amArI jANamAM nathI. heAya te te upara krAI sajjana jarUra prakAza pADe ema ApaNe IcchIzuM. eTale have samajavuM rahe che ke A banne staMbhA paNa jainadharmane ja lagatA che. uparamAM staMbhAnI hakIkata tapAsI che. have caraNa pAdukA hoya tevAM dRzyAnI hakIkata vicArIe. te mATe e citro raju karyA che. te banne A pustakanA mukhapRSThe joDela che. A banne citronuM prAptisthAna amarAvatIstUpa nAme oLakhAtA TApa, je ThekANethI maLI AvyA che te ja che; athavA ema kahI ke te stUpanA ja A aMzA che. A amarAvatI stUpane mahAvijayaprAsAda kahevAyA che; temaja hAthIguMkAnA lekhathI have sAkhita thaI gayuM che ke te rAja khAravele baMdhAvyA che. eTale ke A amarAvatI stUpa tathA tenuM sthAna jainadharmanuM ja sthAna che. vaLI pu. 1 pR. 150 thI AgaLanA varNane ApaNe sAbita karI gayA chIe ke A sthAne I. sa. pU. 580nA samayamAM ennAtaTanagara nAmanuM mahA samRddhivALuM ane zrImaMta jaina vepArIethI vaseluM zahera AvI rahyuM hatuM; anumAna thAya che ke A zaherane nAza I.sa.pU. A sta MbhAne atyAra sudhI khauddhanA manAyA che eTale A pazuonA cinhAne baudharma sAthe zuM saMbaMdha che te jANavAnI darekane icchA thAya ja, (4) vizeSa adhikAra samrATa priyadarzinanuM svataMtra jIvana vRttAMtanuM pustaka ame bahAra pADavAnA chIe te jIe. (5) hisTarI opha inDIana enDa isTa ArkITekcara pu. 1. pR. 58. The shaft is surmounted by an elephant but so mutilated that even in the 7th cent., the Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsiang mistook it for a lion=staMbhanI TAMce hAthI che paNa te evI khaDita avasthAmAM che ke, I. sa.nI 7mI sadImAM pelA cinAI cAtrika hyuenazAMge tene siMha dhArI lIdhA hatA. (6) uparanI na. 3 nI TIkAmAM jema cAvIsamA ane prathama tIrthaMkaranAM lananI hakIkta che tema atra jaNAvela hastI te bIjA tIrthaMkaranuM cinha gaNAya che. (7) mi. jemsa phargyusana kRta hi, IM. i, A. pu. 1. pR. 223 ane 49 uparathI anukrame lIdhAM che. (8) jemsa phargyusana sAhebe jaNAvyuM che ke--From bas-relief at kAtarakAma uparathI lIdhela che. Amaravati amarAvatI svapanA (9) A badhA varNana mATe uparamAM pU. 317 thI AgaLa jue,

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ra pariziSTa [ prAcIna nI 1 lI sadI ke te arasAmAM thayA haze. A badhA purAvAne ekatrita karIne gUMthavAmAM Ave te eka ja sAra nIkaLI zakaze ke amarAvatI stUpa jainadharmanuM ja smAraka che. eTale A caraNapAdukAvALAM baMne dazyA aiddhanAM nathI paratu nAnAM che ema sAkhita thayuM gaNAze. caraNapAdukAo ane AvAM dRzyAne vidvAne bhale bauddhadharmanAM jaNAve che chatAMye te saMbaMdhI temaNe darzAvelA vicArA ApaNe jANavA jevA che. kAtarakAmanI oLakhanA U~DA abhyAsI ane te bAbatamAM jemaNe e mATAM pustakA bahAra pADavAM che tathA je eka sattAsamAna lekhAya che tevA ma. jemsa kragyusana jaNAve che 31. As repeatedly mentioned, there is as little trace of any image of Buddha or Buddhist figure being set up for worship, much before the Christian EravAraMvAra kahevAmAM AvyuM che tema, yuddhadevanI kAI mUrtinI athavA bauddhadharmane lagatI kAI AkRtinI, i. sa.ne AraMbha thayA te pahelAM lAMbA kALe pUjA nimitte sthApanA thaI hAya, tenuM jarA paNa cinha ke nizAnI maLI AvatI nathI. matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, IsavI sanane AraMbha thayA tyAM sudhI te| bauddhadharmamAM kai AkRti ke pratimA jevuM pUjanane mATe hatuM ja nahIM. athavA khInna zabdomAM kahIe te evI matalaba thaI ke, isavAnA zakanA Ara Mbha thayA te pUrve aiAddhadharmIomAM pUjana mATe krAI jAtanI pratimA ke AkRti nahAtI ja; hAya tA ye hajI caraNu ke pAdukA heAvA saMbhava che. jyAre uparanAM cAre dazyAmAM (naDhapANu, gaitamoputra, saMkisA ane tirasphuTa staMbhomAM) tA AkRtio sthApana thayAnI ja sthiti batAvI che. eTale temanA zabdothI ja siddha thayuM ke A staMbhone aiAddhadharma sAthe lAgatuM vaLagatuM nathI. ADhanI mUrti saMbaMdhI jema A vidvAnanA mata paDayA che te ja pramANe tevA eka bIjA vidvAne bhArahuta stUpa ke je atyAre meATA bhAge dharmanuM smAraka hovAnuM manAI rahyuM che temAMnA keTalAMka citrA uparathI peAtAnA1 mata raju karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke, "As usual, the Buddha himself is not delineated at the Bharhuta Stupa=smezanI peThe bhArahata stUpamAM buddhadevanI AkRti--rekhAcitra pADavAmAM AvyuM nathI" eTale temanA kahevAno matalaba ema che ke, jyAM jyAM buddhadeva (bauddhadharma saMbaMdhI) saMbaMdhI smAraka karavuM hoya athavA temanI sthApanA batAvavI hAya--temanuM pratirbhiba darzAvavuM DhAya, tyAM tyAM haMmezAM, mUrti rUpe ja te khaDuM karAya che; jyAre bhArahutanA stUpamAM tema karavAmAM AvyuM dekhAtuM ja nathI. tAtparya ke bhArahutanA stUpane bIjAe bhale bauddhadharmanA dyotaka tarIke lekhatA haze, paraMtu peAtAne te bAbatamAM zaMkA udbhavI kemake jo te dharmanuM sthAna te EAta tA, hamezanI praNAlikA mujaba te sthAne muhRdevanI pratimA ja padharAvI heAta; nahIM ke caraNu pAdukA A kAraNathI pote te bhArahatanA sthAnane aihasthAna lekhatA acakAya che. uparamAM raju karelAM cha e daSTAMtA vidhatAnI mAnyatA pramANe aiAddhadharmanAM dyotaka nathI, paraMtu jainadharmanAM te smaraNa cinho che ema ApaNe dAkhalA dalIlAthI puravAra karI khatAvyuM che. vaLI mAgaLa pAchaLanA saMjogA ane hakIkatane AdhAre te badhuM kahevAmAM AvyuM che eTale temAM zaMkAne sthAna paNa rahetuM nathI. chatAM kAI ne ema zaMkA udbhave ke, A badhA purAvA ane temAM karelI carcA parAkSa--Indirect---- jevI kahevAya, tenA karatAM ne pratyakSa-direct--purAvA te mATenA maLI Ave, athavA raju karAya tA te vizeSa vajanadAra kahevAya. tethI temanAM mananuM samAdhAna karavA mATe era bIjAM be dRzyA raju karIzuM. (10) jIe hi. IM. 4. A. pu. 1, 4, 122. (11) su. IM. pR. 15.

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hAratavarSa ] pariziSTa A be dazya koI kAtarakAmamAMthI utArela ke kyAMkathI upajAvI kADhela namunA nathI, paraMtu jenadharmanA 23 mA tIrthaMkara gaNAtA zrI pArzvanAthanI pratimAo ja che. pratimArUpe che eTale tenI oLakha mATe bIjI koI dalIlonI jarUra ja rahetI nathI. te bannene atre AkRti naM. 36 ane 37 tarIke raju karI che tathA tenuM prAptisthAna paNa, rAja khAravelanA mahAvijayaprAsAdavALuM amarAvatI-athavA benAtaTanagaraja che. eTale have nirvivAditapaNe kabUla karavuM rahe che ke amarAvatI stUpa jainane ja che. jema upara puravAra karI gayA chIe ke AvAM dazya ane citro baiThamatanAM nathI tema te citrone, done athavA kotarakAmane, vaidika dharma sAthe paNa saMbaMdha hovAnuM saMbhavita nathI; A bAbatamAM eka aThaMga abhyAsI ane vidvAnanuM mata ema che ke "There is no trace of images in the Vedas or in the laws of Manu or any of the older books of the Hindus=vedazAstromAM ke manabhagavAnanI kAyadApathImAM athavA te hiMduonA koI paNa pairANika granthamAM mUrti pratimAnI kAMi nizAnI (ulekha) ja maLatI nathI." tAtparya ke vaidika matamAM mUrtionI sthApanA karavAnuM prAcIna kALe hatuM ja nahIM. tyAre te vaidika matavALAo je have mUrtine pUjatA thayA che te paNa purANe racAyA pachI ja; eTale I. sa.nI cothI sadI bAda ja thayA haze ema mAnavuM rahe che. ane temaja heya te saheje siddha thaI jAya che ke jagannAthajInI mUrtio paNa vaidika dharmane lagatI nahIM hovI joIe je hakIkata ApaNe uparanA paricchede lakhANa vivecanathI samajAvI gayA chIe. atra raju karavAmAM Avela AThe namunAthI have nizcita thaI gayuM kahevAze ke, atyAra sudhI je vastuo amuka cinhone lIdhe bAhonI vidvAnoe mAnI che temAM have sudhAro karavAnI anivArya jarUra che. jema bAhadharmanI manAI rahelI bAbatamAM cetavaNIne avAja uThAvavAnI A pramANe jarUriyAta pIchAnavAmAM AvI che, tema vaidika tIrthadhAma jevA vizvavikhyAta jagannAthapurInI trimUrti saMbaMdhamAM, hAthIguphAnA lekha uparathI thayela ukelane lIdhe temaja upara TAMkelA niSNAta vidhAnanA abhiprAya pachI, vaidika matane lagatI manAtI mUrtio paratve 5Nu, cetavaNIthI kAma levAnI AvazyaktA have dekhAvA lAgI gaNAze. (12) A. sa. pI. I. pR. 15 mAM amarAvatI stUpanuM varNana juo. pu. 1, pR. 15ra thI AgaLa juo A pustake 5. 318-19 juo. (13) jue hi. I. I. A, 5, 1 5, 122, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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374 [ prAcIna 14 10 vaMzAvalio (1) gardabhIla vaMza (avaMtipati) | ma. sa. ma. sa. varSa i. sa. pU. I.sa. (1) gaMdharvasenaH darpaNuH gadharU5 453 463 10 74 zaka prajAnuM rAjya (463 thI 470 = 64 thI 57 = 7 varSa) (temanAM nAma tathA rAjaamala mATe nIce zaka rAjAone kaThe juo) (2) vikramAditya (zakAri) 470 50 60 57 (aMtaragata) zaMku 470-7=6 mAsa ( , ) bhartuharI 470 thI keTalAMka varSa (3) mAdhavAditya 50 570 40 3 43 (4) dharmAditya 570 589 10 43 53 (5) vikramacaritra: mAdhavasena 580 (6-7) be rAjAo 620 634 14 93 107 (8) bhAIllA 634 645 11 107 118 (9) nAIla 645 118 132 (10) nAhaDa 659 12 142 kula varSa 209 (2) zaka rAjAe (avaMtipati) ma. saM. ma. sa. varSa I. sa. pU. I. sa. pU. (1) allATa 463 463 ne 64 (2) gopALa 464 (2) puSpaka 414 (4) zarvila 465 467 2il (5) ajJAtaH badanAma 467 470 2li kula varSa 7 thI 7 uparano gardabhIlavaza jyAre avatinI gAdIe nahAto tyAre A zaka rAjAnA hAthamAM gAdI khAvI paDI hatI. (3) cedivaMza (kaliMgapati) ( anusaMdhAna pu. 1 pR. 392 uparathI) ma. sa. ma. saM. varSa I. sa. pU. I. sa. pU. (1) kSemarAja para 88 36 475 439 (2) hirAja: buddharAja 88 98 10 439 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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375 bhAratavarSa ] vaMzAvalio ma. saM. ma. saM. (3) bhikhurAjaH khAravela; dharmarAja 98 134 (4) vAdagrIvaH parvatezvara 134 155 (5) malayaketu: malayadhvaja 155 165 varSa 36 21 10 I. sa. pU. 429 393 372 I. sa. pU. 390 372 kula varSa 113 traNe vibhAga sAthe maLIne ekaMdara varSa, anukrame 21+2+113=196 (4) kuzAna vaMza (mathurApati) kuzAna kuzAna saMvata I. sa. 31 71 103 I. sa. 71 103 126 132 (1) kaiphasIjha pahelo (2) kaDasIjha bIjeH vema (3) kaniSka pahelo (4) vasiSkaH juSkaH vajheSTha - - varSa 40 32 126 11 , 29 , 40 sAde rAjakartA mahArAjAdhirAja (6) kaniSka bIje 132 143 143 163=20 143=11 [ 132 1 143 53 (7) vAsudeva pahelo (8 thI 14) sAta rAjAo 196 234 234 280 40 , 93 93 , 101 131 , 177 46 kula varSa 249 A kuzAna vaMza Azare 249 varSa cAlyo che. temAM ekaMdare caudaka rAjAo thayA che. vacce kuzAna saMvata 40 thI 60 sudhInA vIsa varSanA gALAmAM be zAkhAo thaI gaI hatI. (5) caThaNa vaMza (avaMtipati) I. sa. I. sa. varSa caMNa saM. ca%Na saM. (1) bUmotika (kSatra5) 103 117 14 (2) caMNa kSatrapa 117 12=15). 29 mahAkSatrapa 14=10 ) 29 39 142 15=10) jayadAmana (kSatrapa) 12 152=20 '824 (3) rUdradAmana 152 185 10 (4) dAmajadazrI 206 206 12 222 (5) rUddhasiMha pahele 119 12 ( 30 2Aja 9 185 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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vaMzavalie [ prAcIna I. sa. 225 247 i. sa. 232 225 247 248 297 bh bh mh 248 (6) jIvadAmana (7) rUkasena paTele (8) saMdhadAmana (9) dAmasena (10) yazodAmana (11) vijayasena (12) dAmajadazrI (13) rUkasena bIje (14) vizvasiMha (15) bhartIdAmana br 160 162 caThaNu saM. caNu sa. 119 122 122 144 14 15 15 1604 162 172 17 177* 177 198 108 201 217 265 263 265 275 280 301 304 320 275 280 101 304 my 16 avaMtimAMthI gAdI uThAvI lIdhA pachI 217 (pa) caMNavaMza (cAlu) (avaMtipati tarIke nahIM) I. sa. I. sa. varSa cazmaNa saM. cazmaNa saM. (16) vizvasena (kSatrapa) 320 330 10 217 227 (17) rUsena bIjo (kSatrapa). 330. 34ra 12 227 239 (18) yazodAmana bIje (kSatrapa) 342 359 239 256 (19) rUdradAmana bIjo (svAmI) 359 373 256 (20) rUkasena trIjo (svAmI) 373 404 270 3810 (21) siMhasena (svAmI) 404 413 301 310 (22) rUkasena 2 (svAmI) - satyasiMha (svAmI) ' 413 413 310 (23) rasiMha trIjo (svAmI) 413 Yay rA 310 14 270 310 331 kula varSa 114 * rAjayasattAno aMdAja lakhe che. chatAM ja paDaze te 1-2 varSanAja; ane te kAM rAhagAma prahaNa karavAnA samayamAM athavA to rAjakta tarIke baMdha paDayAnA samayamAM; paraMtu saravALe samaya te sAthe ja karaze. avaMtipati tarIkeno samaya 217 varSa avaMtipati tarIke nahIM te 114 ,, 331 varSa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] 37 559 samayAvadhI samajUti - (1) dareka banAvanuM varNana kayA pAne che te batAvavA tene AMka sAthe Ave che. chUTe AMka te vAMcananA pRSThasUcaka che kaisano AMka te TIkAnA pRSThasUcaka che. (2) jyAM eka ja banAvanI be sAla jANavAmAM AvI che tyAM vizeSa mAnanIya lAgI te ahIM jaNAvI che, ane zaMkAzIla lAgI te kasamAM jaNAvI che. (3) jenI sAla aMdAjI gaNIne mAtra goThavI dIdhI che te mATe (?) AvI nIzAnI mUkI che. . sa. pU. ma. sa. pU. banela banAva tathA A pustakamAM tenuM sthAna 9mI sadI . bAvIsamA jaina tIrthakara zrI nemanAthanevAro te vakhate cAlatuM hatuMH 61 877 250 zrI pArzvanAthe prarUpaNuM ApavI zarU karI. 247 AThamI sadI ... 23mA tIrthakara zrI pArzvanAthano vAre 61te vakhate be ja dharma pravartatA hatA. eka vaidika ane bIje jaina. 60 chaThThI zatAbdi .. bauddhadharmane udaya thayo. 60 583-1 56-54 kumAra zreNika bennAtaTa nagaramAM gopALa tarIke 18. 587 zreNika magadhapati banyo 318. 598 zrI mahAvIre dIkSA lIdhI (248). mahAvIrane dIkSA lIdhe navamuM varSa 273. 558 31 karakaMDanuM gAdIe besI cedivazanI sthApanA 273-74,345,(563)(55) kaligapati banyo I 272, 273, 248, 274, 231. 558thI 537; 31-10 divaMzano vahIvaTa, rAja medhavAhane sthApanA karI tyArathI tenuM maraNa nIpajyuM ane rAjA zreNike kaliMgane magadha sAmrAjyamAM bheLavI lIdhuM tyAMsudhI 232, 236, 556 29 mahAvIrane jJAnaprApti 247 (248), 273, 345: pAzvanAthanA zAsananI samApti ane mahAvIranA zAsananI zarUAta 247. 57thI 474; 10thI ma.sa. 47 divaMzanA bIjA vibhAgane vahivaTaH rAjA kSemarAje svataMtra banI punarUddhAra karyo tyAMsudhIne 232. 500thI 526; 10thI 1 aMgadeza magadhanA zAsanamAM hato 237. 537 rAjA suratha gAdIe beTho ra72. (divaMzanA bIjA vibhAganI zarUAta thaI). 527 mahAvIranuM nirvANa 23, 30, 271, 272, 274H mahAvIranA saMvatano AraMbha ma.sa. 106, 271 288 (291), rAjA caMDanuM mRtyu 23, 30. 523 paMcama ArAnI Adi (samaya badalAte cAlyo). (291, (39). zrI buddhabhagavAnanuM parinirvANa temanA saMvatanI zarUAta 106. 20 zrI jaMbusvAmIne jJAnaprApti 315. 494 34 pATaliputranI sthApanA (318). 49ra sudhI 35 sudhI trikaliMgamAMnA be prAMti-vaMza ane kaliMga-karakaMDanA jAmAvaliMgapatinI hakumatamAM hatA 237. 491-82 36-45 udayA siMhaladvIpasudhInI jamIna magadha sAmrAjyamAM ANI (355). 48. 6 50 507.

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50 paka pUrva samayAvI [ prAcIna 488 zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI (caMdragupta mauryanA gura)nI dIkSA 315. 482thI 45ra 45thI 75 siMhaladvIpamAM aMdhAdhUMdhI-lUMTArUnI rAjasattA 297. 404thI 6153thI 166 cedivaMzanA trIjA vibhAgano vahivaTa 232 (249), kSemarAje kaliMganI gAdI kabaje karI (475, 242, 243, ra72).cedivasanA trIjA vibhAganI Adi (339). 475 thI 468 sAta varSanA gALAmAM kSemarAje orisAnA prAMta chatIne kalIgamAM bheLavI lIdhA, 243. 474 anurUhanuM maraNa 231. 472 55 naMdivardhanane rAjyAbhiSeka 267. kSemarAja naMdivardhana sAthe yuddhamAM utaryo 243: naMdivardhane kaliMga upara caDAI karIne kiliMgajIna mUrti magadhamAM upADI laI gayo 244. 468 59 magadhamAM be kudaratI kopaH eka anAvRSTine 289; bIje kapa ativRSTine 289 (46ra); 290 (58). 468 pUrve 50 pUrva magadhamAM rAja naMda nahera khodAvI hatI 289 467. naMdivardhananI avaMti uparanI sattA cAlu hatI 23. jaMbusvAmInuM nirvANa (308); te samaya bAda keTalIka cIjono uccheda thayo 15. 458 pUrve 59 pUrve jainadharma uDIsAmAM hatuM tenI sAbitI (301). 456 niMdivardhananuM mRtyu 274-745. 454 rAjA khAravelane janma 348. khAvela yuvarAjapade 348. 439 rAjA kSemarAjanuM maraNa 242-249. siMhaladvIpamAM abhayavijayanA rAjyanI zarUAta 262; teno rAjyAbhiSeka 282, 297. rAjA vRddhirAjanuM maraNa ane khAravelanuM liMgapati banavuM 255, 26, 27ra. (vidvAnI mAnyatA pramANe I. sa. pU. 183): yuvarAja khAravelanI sIna upara caDAI 262. khAravelane rAjyAbhiSeka 271, 283, 288, 296. 429thI 397 98thI 134 rAjA khAravelane samaya (280) (18) 348. magadhapati naMda bIjAnuM maraNa 283. zatavahanavaMzanI sthApanA (271) 283, (284). 25 102 AMbavaMzI AdyapurUSone samaya 268-255; benAtaTanagaranI jAherajalAlI cAlu hatI 318; te jAherajalAlI I. sa. pU. trIjI sadI sudhI jaLavAI rahI hatI 718. 104 rAjA khAravele chaThThA varSe rAjasUya yajJa karyo 293. 22 khAravelanA yuvarAja vaDagrIvano janma (294), 351, 323, 363. 421 106 rAjA khAravele mahAvijaya prAsAda baMdhAvyo 321. 418 19 rAjA khAravele dakSiNahiMdamAM TAToLIe baMdhAvela maMdine nAza karyo (355). 415 112 hAthIguMphAne lekha kotarAvAyo 351; khAravele pustakAhAra karyo 316. 449 ra 98 100 105

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bhAratavarSa ] cethI sadI 393 samayAvaLI aMpatione samaya 266. rAjA khAravelanuM mRtyu 201. 134 393thI372 134thI 155 rAjA vakragrIvanA rAjyakALa 363. 381-82 146-45 372 pUrve 155 pUrve 372 rAjA caMdragupta magadhasamrATa banyAM parvatezvara vakragrIvano madadathI navamAnaMdane harAvIne 36 3, 36 5: avaMtinI pUrNa jAheAjalAlI caMdraguptarAjye 24; nadhvaMzanA aMta 268; vakragrIvanuM maraNa 365. (cethA rAjAnuM maraNu 232). 371thI357 156thI 170 zrI mahAvIranI pATe bhadrabAhune samaya 309; (temanA samayamAM magadhadeze 361 350 para 356 304 155 327 329thI 314 314thI 190 200 166 trIjo kA * ... 101 170 300nI AsapAsa trIjI ceAthI sadI 298thI 280 280thI 244 280-1 242thI 500 25 ... ... : : gee caMdragupta mauryavaMzanI sthApanA karI 268, 365. amarAvatInA mahAvijayaprAsAda A samaye haiyAta hatA 320. (ApaNI gaNatrIe i. sa. pU. 430thI 394mAM tenuM nirmANa thayuM che). duSkALa paDayA hatA). kaliMgadeza magadha sAmrAjyanuM aMga banyA 366H cedivaMzanA aMta 367. zrI mahAvIranI gAdIe sthUlIbhadrajI hatA (291). OMnAgamanA dvAsa thavAnI AgAhI 310 zrI bhadrabAhunuM svarga 315, 312: bhadrabAhu aMtima zrutakevaLI 310; caMdragupta rAjA dIkSA laine gurUzrI bhadrabAhu sAthe cAlI nIkaLyA 310; zrI maDhAvIranI gAdIe sthUlabhadrajI (201). alekajhAMDaranuM hiMdamAM AvavuM 296. grIka bAdazAha sikaMdarazAhanA sUbAonI paMjAba upara sattA 124 hiMdu rAjAonI (priyadarzina ane tenA putronI) paMjAba ane kAzmira uparanI sattA 124 hiMdamAM (yu. pI. vALA prAMtamAM, khAsa karIne te vakhatanI kauzAMkhI nagarInI AsapAsamAM) duSkALa hatA (291) rANI nAganikAnA zilAlekha 254 AMdhrapatinA samaya 266 yajJazrI (aMdravaMzI)ne samaya (18) (318) pulumAvI( ) . " kaliMgapati ane dakSiNApathanA zAtakaraNIne priyadarzita harAvyA 212. bauddhadharmane lIdhe hiMdudharma DhaMkAI gayA hatA evI mAnyatA 157, mleccha prajAmAM Arya saMskRtinuM pramANa ochuM hatuM; paraMtu I. sa. 100 sudhI ArmI sAthenA sahavAsamAM rahIne te sudharI gayA hatA 164; jAlI svecchAne harAvyA 164. samrATa priyadarzinanA maraNa bAda tenA putro, jamAI vi. te te dezanA svAmI khanI beThA 105. eziyAnA ghaNA kharA bhAgeAmAM jaina saMskRtinA pracAra thavA pAmyA hatA 166 pataMjalI mahAzayanuM maraNu 296.

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183 15e ... 380 samayAvaLI [ prAcIna 188 rAjA puSyamitrano rAjyAbhiSekano samaya (vidvAnonA mate) 261, 262, 268, ApaNI mAnyatA pramANe rAja puSyamitranuM maraNa 29. rAjA khAravelanA rAjyAbhiSekanI mAnyatA (vidvAne mata) 268, 26, 269. 16 zAtakaraNI, zAlIvAhana ane khAravela samakAlIna hovAnI vidvAnonI mAnyatA (267). kSaharATa saMvatanI sthApanA; bhUmaka jyArathI mahAkSatrapa banyo tyArathI tenI zarUAta 106. 151 zuMgavaMzI rAjA baLamitra-bhAnumitranA mAmA kAlikasUrine samaya (12). 129 jIgdhapura vasAvAyAne samaya 163. 127thI 74 gadaMbhIla rAjAvALA kAlikasUrine samaya (12). 114 kSaharATa bhUmakanuM maraNa 195. I-pArthiana zahenazAha mejhIjhanA rAjyanI zarUAta 42. zakAri vikramAdityane janma 35. nahapAnuM maraNa 2; gardabhIlavaMzanI sthApanA 2; rAjA darpaNa, gadharU5; gaMdharvasenanuM gAdIe AvavuM 3, 5, 7; kAlikasUrinA yuga pradhAnapadano tyAga (12). 74thI I. sa. 45 sudhI paMjAba ane sUrasena upara I pArthiana zahenazAha, mojhIjha, tathA tenA vaMza ajhIjha pahele, ajhIlIjha, ajhIjha bIjo tathA geDaphAranesanI sattA jAmI paDI hatI 124. rAjA gardabhIle avaMtinI gAdIne tyAga karyo 3; zakaprajAnuM rAjya avaMti upara zarU thayuM 3, 64thI 57 * zaka rAjya avaMtinA pradeza upara 3; (temAM pAMca rAjAo thayA; amyATa, gopALa, puSpaka, zarvila ane badanAma; pRSTha 20). rAjA gardabhIlanuM mRtyu 3. vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA ajhIjha pahelAnA vakhatathI thaI hoya evI vidhAnanI mAnyatA 68, 76; paraMtu te beTI che 77; vikrama saMvatanI zarUAta zakAri vikramAdityanA rAjyArohaNathI thaI che 106; zakAri vikramAdityano samaya (33); zakaprajAnA rAjayane aMta ane zakAri vikramAdityanuM gAdIe AvavuM 3, 7, 41, 67, 70, 82; zakAri vikramAdityanuM yuddha zaka sAthe kArUra mukAme 82; vikramAditye zakaprajAnuM nikaMdana kADhayuM 67 (67) (78). kaI paNa sArvabhauma sattAdhArI rAjAe atyAra sudhI saMvata zarU karyo hoya ema jaNAyuM nathI 63. zAtavahanavaMzI rAjA hAlane vikrama saMvatane sthApaka kahI zakAya nahIM; kAraNake te I. sa. pU. 57 pachI dazeka varSa thavA pAmyo che 73. sara kaniMgahAmanI gaNatrIe, vikrama saMvatanI gaNanA 56 i. sa. pU. che. nahIM ke 56mAM (21) (82). zaka prajAnuM nikaMdana gautamIputra zAtakaraNIe kADhayuM (vidvAne mata) 6-71,

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bhAratavarSa ]. samayAvaLI 381 57 470 vidizAnuM ujajaDa banavApaNuM 25. (tenI sthApanA 57mAM hovAthI 450 varSanI jAherajalAlI teNe bhogavI kahevAya). zakAri vikramAditya ane zakanuM yuddha; kArUra mukAme 82. 47. 48. sAtakaraNI rAjA ariSTakarNanuM mRtyu 22-41. 25-20 502-57 pulumAvI zAlivAhane, kAramadaka rAjAne harAvIne tenI putrIne lagna karyuM 212. 4 523 Isu bhagavAnane janma 106, 112, 113. I. sa. 1 527 isvIsananI Adi thaI. Isa bhagavAnanA janma pachI 35 varSa. 3-4 530-1 vikramAdityaH vikramarihanA rAjyanI samApti 19H maraNa (52) ane mAdhavAdityanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7, 52. rAjA hAla zAlivAhananuM maraNa (52). 27thI 57 554-584 AcArya zrI svAmIno samaya 51, para. 31 558 kaDakasIjha pahelo gAdIe Avyo (31thI 71) 135, 140, 223. (vidvAnonA mate 4thI 78; 128). 570 mAdhavAdityanuM maraNa ane dharmAdityanuM gAdIe AvavuM che, para. 572 inDopArthiana zahenazAha geDaphArane uttara hiMdamAMthI gAdI khAlI karIne IrAnanI gAdIe beThe 42, 50, 132, 140. 576 ca9Na mahAkSatrapanuM maraNa 186; rUdradAmanane rAjyakALa 49thI 72; 186. 580 dharmAdityanuM maraNa ane mAdhavasena; vikramacaritranuM gAdIe AvavuM che, para. 587 takSilA viSe juo nIce 70nI sAla. 597 kuzAnoe takSazilAno nAza karyo tevI mAnyatA 144; Ike 60nI sAla paNa kahI che. 598 kaDakasIjha pahelAnuM maraNa ane kaDaphasIjha bIjAnuM gAdIe AvavuM 135, 140, 141, (135) 144, 223; kaDaphasIjha bIje (78thI 110; 128 vidvAnonA mate). ApaNu mate 71thI 103. cinAI olAdanA saradAranA vaMzanI sthApanA gaNI zakAya 143. khalatsa gAme vemakaDaphasIjhanA zilAlekhamAM je AMka che tenA saMvatanI Adi. 143. 78 ? 65 ?. gardabhIlavaMzane aMta 3. zaka saMvatanI sthApanA 101, 106; rAjA ajhIjhe te sthApyo nahate 100, zaka saMvatanI sthApanAnA samaya vize zaMkA (96), 188. 8deg 607 : vema ane cinAI saradAra sAthenuM yuddha. 144 vikramacaritra; mAdhavasenanuM maraNa 7 (44, 3; 54. 622 taphilAne nAza, 145. uparamAM 70 nI sAla o. 103-126 630-653 kaniSka pahela 223, 163, 106, 135 (12thI 160; 128). 103-117 600-644 motika kSatrapano zAsanakALa 223. 103 630 cakaNa saMvatanI Adi thaI che enI sAbitInI noMdha 102, 131; kuzAna saMvatanI sthApanA kaniSka pahelAe karI 223; cakaNazakanI sthApanA thaI 227; kathAna vaMzI rAjAonI sattA (78, 50, 106, 205, 193, 106, 205, 184)10, 101 633 sAranAthane zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka pahelAna) 223, 605

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382 samayAvaLI [ prAcIna 107 634 nAma na jaNAyela evA gaIbhIlavaMzI be rAjAonA rAjaamalano aMta che; rAjA bhAIlanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7 (44; 3). 112 639 mathurAne zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka pahelAno) 223. 115-17 642-644 dhametikanuM maraNa ane cakaNanuM kSatrapa thavuM 164, 206, 208, 223. 117-132 cANanA kSatrapadane samaya 163. 118 645 bhAIla gadaMbIlanuM mRtyu ane nAIllanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7 (55; 3). 120 647 kaniSkapura vasAvavAno samaya ra23. 121 mANikyAlane zilAlekha (rAjA kaniSka pahelo) 223. 123 650 haviSkapura-hukkapura vasAvavAne samaya 163. 126-132 vasiSka-vaSka, juSkano rAjyakALa 227, 135. 127 isApurane zilAlekha (rAjA vasiSkane) rara3. 128 kaniSka bIjAno janma 223. 129 jAnkapura vasAvavAno samaya 163. 131 sAMcIne zilAlekha (rAjA vAsiSThano). 132 nAIlla gardabhIlanuM maraNa ane nAhaDanuM gAdIe AvavuM 7 (69; 3). 132thI 143 nAhaDanuM maraNa ane gardabhIlavaMzane aMta 7, 55; (78; 3); dhametikanA putra ca9Ne avaMtinI gAdI hAtha karI 6, 55. 132-142 ca9NanuM mahAkSatrapapada rara3; teTalA ja samaya mATe rAjA huvika rIjaTa tarIke ane kaniSka bIjAnI sagIra avasthA 223, 135, 163 (16thI 182;128). mathurAne zilAlekha (huviSkano) 223 142 kaniSka bIjane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo 223H teja samaye mahAkSatrapa caSaNane svataMtratA maLI 23.kaniSkabIjAnI sAthe cakaNanI mUti maLI che tene nirmANakALa. 143thI 163 haviSya mahArAjAdhirAja 135. 14-15ra cakaNanI kArakIrdi avaMtipati tarIke 223. (140, 141, 14ra A badhI sAle paNa kahI zakAya tema che; 195, 196; paraMtu 143 vadhAre baMdhabesatI gaNAze). 14ra-198 kaniSka bIjo mathurApati tarIke 224 (143thI 196 paNa gaNAya che). (120thI 100; 128 vidvAnonI mAnyatA). 143 rAjA cakaNe avaMtipati banI cakaNaka sthApyo, paraMtu tene AraMbha pitAnA pitA metI ke jyArathI kSatrapapada dhAraNa karyuM tyArathI eTale 103thI gaNuM che 223. ArAno zilAlekha (kaniSka bIjAna) 224. 145 rAjA cakaNe aMdhrapatine harAvIne tuMgabhadrA nadI sudhI haThAvI mUkyo 224, 196. 15ra rAjA cANanuM maraNa; 208. jayadAmananuM mahAkSatrapa thavuM (2) 196, 198, 224; jayadAmananuM maraNa (?) 206, 207 ane rUdradAmananuM mahAkSatrapa thavuM 224. 15ra-175 rUdradAmana avaMtipati zAsanakALa 224. 154 vakane zilAlekha (haviSkane) 224. mathurAno zilAlekha (luviSkane) 224. 14

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282 bhAratavarSa ] samayAvaLI 383. 167 yuropamAM lega je phATI nIkaLyo hato, te pazcime vadhIne prathama pArthiana zahenazAhatane bharakhI gayo ane tyAMthI hiMdamAM vadhIne teNe kuzanavaMzane nAza karyo evI mAnyA che paNa vAstavika nathI. 180, 175 rUdradAmananA rAjyane aMta 207. 199-236 vAsudeva pahelAne rAjayakALa 24, 135, 177 (18rathI rara0,128 vidvAnI mAnyatA) (196thI 234); pitAnA bApikA jenadharmanuM parivartana karyuM 216. 276-282 kuzanavaMzI aMtima rAjAone zAsanakALa 224, 135, 177 (220thI 260; 128 vidhAnI mAnyatA). 249 Izvaradatta nAmanA saradAre kalacUri saMvata calAvyo evI vidvAnonI mAnyatA che paNa te asatya che. 233. 261-64 Abhira Izvaradatta cakaNavaMzI pitAnA saradArathI svataMtra thaI pitAno no vaMza calAvyo ra22. guptavaMzanA AdyapurUSe kuzanavaMzane aMta ANyo tathA pAne mathurApati banyo 224. (280 5Na kahevAya che 180). 282 (280) kuzanavaMzane aMta (234-280) ane kuzAnasaMvatanI samApti 205 jagannAthajInuM maMdira te bauddhatUpa hato ane teno nAza thayo che evo vidvAnane eka mata 324, 325, 329, 332, 334, 339, 341. 19 gatasaMvatsara caMdragupta pahelAe zarU karyo 189, 220. guptasaMvata cAlyo 91. 319 sudhI ca9Nazaka tyAM sudhI cAlyo (44). 31-330 caMdragupta pahelo; vikramAditya pahele 79; avaMti jItI laI tyAM gAdI karI 189, 192 tathA kaliMgamAM dharmakrAMti 339. 374 samudraguptanuM maraNa ane caMdragupta bIje gAdIe beThe ra21. 375thI 414 caMdragupta bIjo vikramAditya bIje 79. 413 caMdragupta bIjAnuM maraNa 221 414. kumAragupta pahelAe ca9NavaMzI svAmI rAjAone UThADI mUkI, te vaMzane aMta Apo. 221 (423; 205). 414-456 kumAragupta pahelAnuM rAjya 221. 423 cakaNukanI samApti 205 (juo 414). 437 () (sara kaniMgahAmanA mate) ujainInA vikramAditye maMtrigupta nAmanA sUbAne kAzimaranI gAdIe no 69. 456-480 samudraguptanuM rAjya 221. 48thI 495 kumAragupta; vikramAditya trIje, teno rAjyakALa 79. 490 haNaprajAnA saradAra taramANe avaMti jItI laI tyAM gAdI karI 221: guptavaMzI samrATanA bhaTTAraka senyapatie svataMtra thaI kAThiyAvADanA valabhIpure potAnI gAdI sthApI 225. pAMcamI sadI guptavaMzI samrATonI cedideza upara sattA 233. 510 parihAravaMzanI utpatti 221. 51thI 533 6Na saradAra mihira kuLanuM rAjya (221). 515 vikramAditya bIje (jeno amala 515thI 550 mAnya che); teNe vikrama saMvatsaranI sthApanA karyAnI mAnyatA cha4. (5ramAravaMzI yazodharmanaH vikramAdityaH zilAditya 515thI 551, vikalpa 540thI 590); 79.

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384 samayAvaLI " [ prAcIna 531 zakAri vikramAditye (dAri vikramAditya joIe) laDela kAranA yuddha (maMdasora joie)nI sAla 82, 90, (534, 80); (531, 82). 531-33 agnikuliyA rAjapUtoe dUNaprajAne nAza karyo 222; 92; agnikuliyA rAjapUtAnI zAkhAe mAlavasaMvatanI zarUAta karI 106; mAlavapati yazodharmAe kAra mukAme mihirakulane harAvyAnI vAta che. hainele ane De. kalehene karI che 74. paNa te I. sa. pU. pa7mAM yuddha thayuM che 75. jyAre agnikuliya rAjapUtoe deNaprajAne je hAra khavarAvI che te maMdara mukAme yuddha thayuM che (54). 533 agnikuliyA rAjapUtonI utpatti 330 55AsapAsa paramAra vaMzI vRddha bhojadeva-vaidikamata pramANe kavibANa ane mayUravALA ane jainamata pramANe bhaktAmara staMtravALA mAnatuMgasUrinA samakAlIna 80. 580 yayAti kezarI rAjAe bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira baMdhAvavA mAMDayuM 330, 325, 329, 331, 341. chaThThI sadI azokavardhana mauryanI eka zAkhA baMgALa prAMta upara rAjya calAvI rahI hatI 263. 634 zrI harSavardhanane samaya 75. 655 Azare bhuvanezvaranuM maMdira saMpUrNa thayuM 329. 69thI 750 bhavabhUti ane vAkapatirAjano samaya (321). sAtamI sadI mahamada payagaMbara sAhebane samaya 166. sAtamI sadI zazAMkarAjA baMgALapati 321. ra0thI 780 paramAravaMzI devazaktinuM rAjya (vikramAditya nAma saMbhave che) 79. 733thI 59 caulukyavaMzI vikramAditya pahelAnuM rAjya 79, 754 vikrama saMvata 811 lakhela e pahelo zilAlekha 70, (93). 759thIAgaLa caulukyavaMzI vikramAditya bIjAnuM rAjaya kaka. 769 vikrama saMvata 826ne zilAlekha 78 (93). 788thI 820 zrI zaMkarAcAryajIne samaya (331). AThamI sadI baMgALa taraphanA mulakamAM dharmakrAMti 331. 849 vikrama saMvata 897ne zilAlekha maLI Avela che 78 (93). 870thI 915 mAlavapati bhojadevaH AdivarAhaH upamiti bhavaprapaMcAnA kartA siddharSivALA (vi. saM. 960) 8; bhejadeva gvAliyarapati (AdivarAha bhojadeva mAlavapatine samakAlIna) bappabhadarivALA rAjA Agnadevane pautra thAya 80. 996thI1055 bhojadeva, zilAditya pratApazIla; muMjarAjA u pRthvIvallabhane bhatrijo tathA vAdivetAla zAMtisUrine prabodhita 80. 1009 zatrujya mahAbhya pustaka lakhAyuM 70. (409nI sAla temAM lakhAI che). 11mI sadI kalacUrivaMzanA rAjAono amala cedideza upara; tevI mAnyatA 232-233. 1198 vartamAna jagannAthajInuM maMdira rAjA anaMga bhImadeve baMdhAvyuM 324, 329, 331. 1600AsapAsa jainakavi samayasuMdaranI haiyAtI (302). 1851 kaniMgahAma sAhebane sAMcImAM jagannAthanA jevI trimUrti sAMpaDI 327. 1882 paTaNAnI najIkathI be yakSamUrti khodakAma karatAM maLI AvI (302). bejhavADA najIka meTa maTha maLI AvyAnI madrAsa sarakAranI jAherAta 319.

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viSA zeAdhI kADhavAnI cAvI tenI samaja :--je AMka lakhyA che te pRSTha sUcaka che kaiAMsamAM je AMka lakhyA che te pRSThA uparanI TIkAnuM lakhANa che ema samajavuM. AkhA pustakamAM je vizeSa rasaprada viSayeA lAgyA tenI ja noMdha ahIM lIdhI che. khAkI keTalIka mAhitI 'zuM ane kayAM' jovAthI paNa maLI zake ema che. ahIM batAvelA viSayanA traNa vibhAga pADayA che. (1) vidyAjJAnane sparze tevA sarve sAmAnya viSayanA (A) sAmAnya jJAna saMbaMdhI (6) mukhya bhAge jainadharmane lAge tevA; jo ke A vibhAga tA mAtra rekhAdarzana jevA ja che te sarvenI vacce maryAdAnI lITI dorI zakAya tevI sthiti nathI ja. (1) vidyAne lagatA sarva sAmAnya viSayeA. agnikulIya rAjapUtAnI cAra zAkhAmAM caulukayane samAveza thAya ke? (91) jhIjha pahelAe vikramazaka calAvyo che te matanI pALatA 67 (dalIla naM. 2) 76 (dalIla naM. 10) alakharUnInAM keTalAMye kathane bhUla khavarAvanAra che temAMnuM eka dRSTAMta 74 alekjhAMDaranA maraNa vizenI mAnyatA kadAca pheravavI paDe (151) atinI gAdI kaniSka bIjAne sahelAIthI maLI jatI hatI chatAM nathI lIdhI tenI tapAsa 106-196 ariSTaka zAta ane zakati badanAma vaccenuM yuddha 22 ujjainI ane vidizAnuM rAjapATa tarIkenuM bhinna bhinna samayanuM varNana 24-25 tathA TIkAe ekahujAra varSa (A pustakanI maryAdAvALA)mAM je saMvatsarA vaparAyA che tenAM nAme 64 aprati aSTikarNanA Asare gayela gardabhIla rAjaputrAnuM varNana 14, 21 zrviradattanA samaya vidvAnee i. sa. 249 TharAvyeA che tathA kalasUrioneA agIAramI sadI TharAvyo che ane baMnene cedIvaMzanA TharAvI dIdhA che tenI satyAsatyatA vize lIdhelI tapAsa 273 (233) aMga, aMga, ane kaliMganuM trika vidvAneA batAve che tenI satyAsatyatAnI lIdhela tapAsa 346-7 103nA AMka hAthINuMkAnA lekhamAM tene naMdu ke mArya saMvatanA vidyAnA mAne che te vAstavika nathI. 267thI 74; 286thI 88, 345 103nA AMka cedisaMvatanA hAI zake ke? 345 kaniSTha nAmavALI vastuo mathurAmAMthI maLI Ave che tene nirmAtA kaniSka pahelA kaeN khIne ane tenAM kAraNeA 176

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cAvo. [ prAcIna kaniSkavaMzIo cakaNuvaMzInI peThe jainadharmI "sUryacaMdra ne mAnanArA che tenuM hAya lAgela dazya 179 keneja ane gvAliyaranI gAdInuM joDANa tathA sagapaNa saMbaMdha (93) kaliyuga saMvatanI Adi (35) kaphasIjha bIjA pachI rAjaamalanI hiMdamAM thatI jamAvaTa 54 kaniSkapura, zuSkapura ane hukkapuranI sthApanAnA samayano vicAra 163 kAranI laDAI vikramAditye laDI nAMkhI hatI (66) kAradamaka rAjA ane zAtakaraNInA saMbaMdha vize tathA rUdradAmanano saMbaMdha gehavAya che tenuM varNana 211-12 kArUra ane maMdiranA sthAnane nirdeza (72) 73, (82); sthAna ane samayanI carcA 81thI AgaLa; 74 (juo maMdasora) kurAna kaDaphasIjhane gardabhIlavaMzI TharAvavAnI yukti 11 kazAna ane ca9Nane zaka kahevAya che? 99- (97); te bAbata mi. smitha ane pre. repsanane mata 100 kuzanavaMzI rAjAnI jAti kaI? 99 kuzanavaMzIo prathamamAM jenadhamao hatA tenuM vivecana 154thI AgaLa, 160 (160) kuzAna kArakIrdImAMthI prakAza mAMgI letA ATha muddAo 159 kuzAnavaMzano aMta pazcimadezanI mahAmArIe Apyo che tevI vidvAnI mAnyatA che tenI lIdhela tapAsa 188-1 kaniSka, haviSka ane viSkanA nAmavALA zilAlekhanI lIdhela tapAsa 130 kaniSka ane vema vaccenA daza varSanA gALAvizenA matanI carcA, 132, 149 (149) kaDaphasIjha pahelAnA 40 varSa ke bIjAnA 40 varSa ? 142-144 kuzAna ane kuNaprajAne ItihAsa; temane Arya kahevAya ke? 119thI AgaLa kuzAne cInAI saradAro sAthenA lehI saMbaMdhanI saMbhAvanA 120 (120), 123, 139, 143 kuzAna, cakaNuM ane huNanA mULa pradeza vize samaja 123 kurAna ane tuzAravaMzanuM joDANa 125 kuzanavaMzIonI vaMzAvaLI tathA nAmAvaLI 123thI AgaLa kazAna ane kaDaphasIjha pahelAnI vacce saMbaMdha 138 kSemarAja ane naMdivardhana vaccenA kaliMgajana pratimA bAbata yuddhanA IzAre 243-44, 248, 49 kSatrapa ane svAmI birUdanA adhikAranA taphAvatanI samaja (192) khalansa gAma, ladAkha ke pAsa AveluM, tenA lekhamAM 183nA AMka che tenI samaja 143-143 (2013) khArevelanA samaye vepArI prajA, pUrva tathA pazcimamAM khUba phelAI hatI tenA purAvA 352, 355, 356, khAravelanA rAjya vistAranI lIdhelI tapAsa 35rathI 356 khArevelane ane puSyamitrane vidvAno samakAlIna gaNAve che te azakya puravAra karavAne apAyelI be dajhana jeTalI dalIla (303), 264-5, 35rathI 262, 294-95 (329) khAravelane nizcita karI Apela samaya 271, 262 khAravela ane DimiTrIasa samakAlIna TharAvAya che te satya ke asatya 260 (260) 295 khAravele magadha upara eka vakhata humale karyo che ke be vakhata tenI carcA 300 khArele pAMDaya deza upara keTalI vakhata savArI karI tenuM citradarzana 304 khAravele lIdhela upAsaka vRtta 304 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI khAravelanuM nAma hAthIguphA lekha sivAya, jena, bauddha ke vaidika sAhityamAM maLatuM nathI tenuM kAraNa 341-3 khAravelanI rANIo vizenI carcA 351-2 khAravele uttarAvasthAmAM dIkSA ke nivRtti dhAraNa karI hatI ke kema? tenI carcA 349 (349) gardabhIla vaMzanA samaya tathA rAjAnI saMkhyAnI carcA thI AgaLa gadebhIla rAjAo sAthe jAvaDazAha zeThane sagapaNa saMbaMdha para gabhIlanA 84 sAmaMta hovAnuM vidhAna 49, 51 gAthAsaptatAnA kartA rAjA hAla zAtakaraNI 36 guptavaMza ane caNavaMzanA eka be banAvanI batAvelI satyatA 192 gatamIputra zAtakaraNIe zaka tathA saharAne saurASTra bhUmi upara harAvyA che tene marma 41 gautamIputra zAtakaraNIne tenI dAdI rANu baLazrIe avaMtipati kahe che ke dakSiNApathapati 6 gaMdharvasena darpaNarAjAnAM vividha nAmonuM svarUpa 2, 21 gAMdharvasene avaMti upara caDAI laI javAnAM kAraNonI tapAsa 9 daSametika kSatrapanI rAjapUtAnAnA pradeza upara thayela nimaNUMka 55 mahAkSatrapa ca9Ne gardabhIlavaMzano nAza karI avaMtine kabaje lIdhe 5 cAvaDAvaMzI tathA aNahilapaTTanapati solaMkIvaMzI bhUpALanA dharmasaMbaMdhI thoDIka carcA (44) caTTaNanA sikkAnI eka viziSTatAne ulekha (2) caSaNa prajAne zaka mAnI levAthI thayela gUMcavaNa 67 ca9Ne avaMti meLavyAne samaya 6 caSaNa saMbaMdhI vidvAnI mAnyatA (91) caNavaMzane kuzanavaMzI kahevAya che? juo kuzAna zabda). caSTaprajA jenadhamAM che ema zilAlekha ane sikkAnA purAvAthI vidvAno baMdhAte mata 104-105 ca9Nane keTaleka ThekANe ame hUNa TharAvyo che temAM kara joi sudhAro (12) caSThaNa te kuzAnaprajAne nabIre che te mATenI dalIlo 122 cakaNa, kuzAna ane hRNaprajAnA mULa pradezanI samaja (juo kuzAna zabda) caSaNa ane kuzAna eka ke bhinna ? 161 caSaNane mahAkSatrapa pade caDAvavAmAM Avyo che tenuM varNana 114-5 caSaNa saMvatanI Adi, nahapANa, kaniSka, ane mejhIjhathI saMbhave ke (vidvAnI mAnyatA che)? 184 caBNa saMvatanA samayano nirNaya-185thI AgaLa, 189 ca9NavaMzI rAjAnI vaMzAvaLI (191) caSaNanA birudanI prAptine itihAsa 194thI 196 ca9Na zakanI Adi 103thI kadAca eka be varSa AghIpAchI paNa heI zake tenAM kAraNe 193 cInAIprajA sAthe kuzAne lehasaMbaMdha (juo kuzAna zabda) cInAI saradAra sAthe kaniSka yuddha karI pitAnA pitAne thayela apamAnano vALela badale 150 cInAI saradArane sUbe kaDaphasIjha pahele te tenI TUMka hakIkata 143-150 caNaNa pite mahAkSatrapa pade hevA chatAM sikkA nathI paDAvyA tenuM kAraNa (195) ca9Nane dharma jaina che ema zilAlekhI purAvAnuM varNana 216thI AgaLa caSaNa saMvatane karAvela samaya barAbara che tenA aneka aitihAsika purAvA ra20thI 224

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cAvI [ prAcIna caSaNa ane nahapANanI sarakhAmaNI 198thI 202, 210 cedidezanA traNa vibhAganI samajUti tathA ItihAsa 231 cedidezanI sImA ane rAjadhAnI vizenI hakIkata 234 cedidazanA traNa vibhAgamAMthI, bIje je tadana aMdhArAmAM che tenI keTalIka hakIkata 236 cAlane agnikulIya rAjapUtanI cAra zAkhAmAM gaNAya ke (juo agnikulIya zabda) caMdragupta miA sAMcI pradezamAM 40 hajAranuM dAna ApI dIpaka pragaTAvavAnI karelI goThavaNa 218 caMdragupta ane vakragrIvanA romAMcaka samAgamane ItihAsa (juo vakrIva) jenarAjA vallabhI dhruvasena, ane tene samaya 87 (87) puSkapura ane kaniSkapuranI sthApanAnA samayane vicAra 163 jayadAmananuM gAdIpaNuM saMbhave che ke kema tenI carcA 187 (187) 206-7 (26-7) 208, (2009) limiTIasa ane khAravela samakAlIna che ke? (juo khAravela) takSilAnA lekhamAM 78 nA AMka vize sara jona mArazalanuM maMtavya 76 (76) dalIla naM. 10 takSilA kuzanavaMzIoe kyAre lIdhuM tenI carcA. 192 tuzAra ane kuzAnanA saMbaMdha vize (juo kuzAna zabda) zikalaga zabdanI bhinna bhinna samayanI vyAkhyA tathA svarUpa 345-7 liMga prajA (barmAnI)nI utpatti vize thoDIka mAhitI 359 (359) nahapANu ane cakaNanI sarakhAmaNuM (juo cachaNa) nAsika zilAlekha je rANI baLazrIe kotarAvela che tenI hakIkatanuM samajAvela mahatva 41 naMdavaMzI ane zizunAgavaMzI rAjAonA sikkAomAM dekhAto phera (40) pataMjalI mahAzaye "arUNa thavanaH zAketa" vAkya vAparyuM che tenuM arthasUcana 295 paradezI AkramaNakAromAMthI sauthI prathama saMvatsara kene vaparAte thayo hato tenAM daSTAMte. 62 tathA TIkA parihAra ane pratihAra vaMzanI bhinnatA 93 (93) puSyamitra ane khAravela samakAlIna gaNAvyA che paNa tema nathI (jue khAravela) puSyamitrane magadhapati kahevAya che? te muddAnI tapAsa 256 (256), 257thI 59 tathA TIkAo, 26, 294-5 puSyamitra te bRhaspatimitra heI na zake (jue khAravela zabda) paiThaNanagara ane zatavahana vaMzanA zakanI sthApanA vacce saMbaMdha che ke? 107 paMjAba upara I. sa. pU. 57 thI I. sa. 55 sudhI=110 varSanA gALAmAM sattA konI? 50 rANI baLazroe potAnA pautra gautamIputrane, avaMtipati kahe che ke dakSiNapathapati? 6 rANI baLIe ke tarAvela zilAlekhanuM samajAvela mahattva 41 bAhIka ane bakSadezanAM sthAna vize 122 baddha saMvatane lAbha bhAratIya prajAne vizeSa maLyo nathI tenuM kAraNa 60 baddha ane zaka saMvatanI lakhANa paddhatimAM pheraphAra 104 zrIbhadrabAhu nepALamAM hatA tyAre kRtAbhyAsa mATe magadhanA saMghe pUlabhadrajIne mokalyA hatA te prasaMganI vAstavikatA 310, 316 bhamaka nahapANa vigere kSaharATe tathA zakaprajA jenadhama hatI (18) (20)

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI malayaketue magadha upara caDAI karI tenuM kAraNa 366 mahAvijaya ane ahaMda zabda vizenI arthapUrNa mAhitI 298 (298), 316 thI 320 mATagAmanI mUrtimAM kaniSka ane cakkaNa sAthe hovAnuM kAraNa tathA samaya 160, 195, 197 mAlavasaMvatanI sthApanA 90, (90) tenA sthApaka vizenI carcA (90), 91, 95 mALavA zabdanA astitva vize (34) maMtrigupta, je kAzmirana saba te tene guptavaMzI avaMti pati sAthe saMbaMdha ho ke ? 42 maMdasera (juo kArUra zabda) maMtriguptanA samaya vize sara kaniMgahAmanuM maMtavya 69, (30) mazerI ane maMdira vize (82). thaze dharmana mAlavapatie jemane harAvyA teone zaka kahevAya ke ? 74 dalIla naM. 7, 8) yavanee hiMda upara karelA humalAnA IzArAo 296 (296) -cI prajAnA pAMca samuhanuM varNana tathA sthAna. 123, 126, 137; temanI utpatti vize (136) rAjataraMgiNikAre varNavela kAzmirapati vikramAditya keNu? tenI carcA 41, 50, 54, 69 (dalIla naM. 4) 71 rUdradAmana ane caThaNanA rAjyakALane vivAda 186 rUdradAmananA jIvananI gerasamajUtio (jue sudarzana zabda) vakrIva ane caMdragupta samAgamamAM kema AvyA tene romAMcaka ItihAsa 363-5 vaSka, kaniSka ane haviSkanA zilAlekhamAM AMka che tenI lIdhelI tapAsa (juo kaniSka zabda) vikramacaritranI sattA avaMtithI kAzmira sudhI jAmI paDI hatI 50, 142 vikramacaritra ane vikramAditya te bemAM vadhAre parAkramI keruM? 51 vikramasaMvata ane IsavI saMvatamAM 60 nA AMkane saMbaMdha hovAthI ubhI thatI bhramaNuM ane tenuM nivAraNa 112 vama ane cInAI saradAranA yuddhanI tavArIkha 143 rema ane kaniSka pahelAnA saMbaMdhanI carcA 140, 150, 151 jema kaDapha sIjhanI sattA mathurAmAM ke tenI pUrve AvIne aTakelI tenI samaja 132 (132) 145 mi kaDaphasIjhanI sattA (juo vikramacaritra) vRddhirAjanA samaye khAravele karelI siMhaladvIpanI caDAI 281-297 kaligapati vRddhirAje pitAnA nAmanI karI batAvelI sArthakatA 249-50 zakaprajAnuM nikaMdana kADhanAra gautamIputra zAtakaraNa upara paDato prakAza 67-72 zAkaprajA hArI gayAno samaya 78 I. sa. barAbara nathI tenI carcA 71, 72, dalIla naM. 6 tathA TIkAo zakAri kene kahevAya te vize mi. pharagyusananuM hAsyAspada anumAna 75 (dalIla naM. 9) zaka eTale saMvataH e arthamAM paNa vaparAya che tenA dRSTAMta sAthenI carcA 84 (84) zatavahana ane zAtakaraNanI utpattine TUMka itihAsa 283 thI 285 tathA TIkAo rAkaprajAne hiMdamAM AvavAnuM AmaMtraNa apAyela; tene itihAsa 13; tenuM kAraNa 18 (18) 20 zakaprajAnA hiMdustAnamAM thayela aneka saraNamAMnA trIjAnuM varNana (13). sarva saraNane itihAsa 17 rAka ane hiMdIzaka vacce taphAvata 16

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cAvI [ prAcIna zakalAke upara bhagavaTo karI lenAra rAjasattAno TUMka ilekhAba 17 zakalekanI AyAta hiMdane kema bhAre paDI gaI tenuM vRttAMta 18 zatavahanavaMzI rAjAone TUMkA nAma "zAta"thI saMbodhAtA hatA tenA purAvA 20 (20) zakAri vikramAditya ane zaka prajA vacce kArUra mukAme yuddha thayuM te sthAna vizenA vicAre 21 (gardabhIla) rAjA zaMkunA maraNa vizenA anumAna saMbaMdhI vicAro 32 zakAri vikramAdityane mAthe tenA vaDila baMdhunuM khUna karyAno Aropa tenI sAbita thayelI nirdoSatA 32 zakAri vikramAdityanA samaya vizene vivAda, 35 thI AgaLa tathA TIkAo 64 zakAri vikramAditya ane rAjA hAla zAtakaraNInA saMbaMdha tathA samayanI sarakhAmaNI 36 tathA TIkAo 50, 51; samakAlInapaNuM vize 36, 51 (para). zakAri vikramAditya keNa kahevAya tenI lIdhelI tapAsa 79 thI AgaLa zakAri vikramAditya gardabhIlavaMzI ane guptavaMzI vaccenI athaDAmaNa 66 (dalIla naM. 1) zaprajAnA be vibhAga. temanuM nikaMdana kADhanAranAM nAma tathA samaya 67 (81) zaka eTale vikamasaMvata evo artha thAya ke? dRSTAMta sAthe 96 zakasaMvata (utara hiMdanA) mATe vidvAne zuM dhAre che 97; tenA sthApaka tathA samayane vicAra 98 thI AgaLa zaka kene kahevAya, vidvAnone maMtavya pramANe 99 zasavata (dakSiNa hiMdano)nA samaya vize, jena, hiMdu ane yati rUSabhanI mAnyatA vize 101 zakasaMvata (uttara ane dakSiNa hiMdane) eka ke bhinna tenI carcA 12 thI 104 tathA TIkAo, 105 zakasaMvata vize che. kilahernanuM maMtavya 102 rAkasaMvatanI utpatti rAjakIya kAraNathI che ema vidvAnonuM mAnavuM 107 (107) zaka ane kuzAna saMvatanI Adi eka, (vidvAnonA mate) paNa kAraNa judAM 183-184 zrImukhanI utpatti tathA prabhAva saMbaMdhIne TUMka itihAsa 354 saMvatamAM kayo niyamita ane dIrdhakALa TakI zake che tathA tenI prathama vaparAza kayAre? (63) (hiMdI bhUpatiomAM kene) saMvatsara prathama calAvo ane zA kAraNathI (63) saM. ane savata zabdonA artha zuM? tene vaparAza sAmAnya arthamAM che ke koI vizeSArthamAM 63 tathA TIkAo (tenI bhramita dazAnAM dRSTAMta. 64) sikA cinhamAM keTalAkanI utpattinAM Apela vizeSa kAraNo tathA dRSTAMte (40) sikkA cinhomAM "sUrya caMdra' tathA "caMdra' tarIke lekhAtAM cinhanI kharI samajuti (40) selikI ane caulukya eka gaNAya che te vyAjabI che ke? (90) sudarzana taLAvanI prazasti pramANene rAjya vistAra etihAsika ghaTanA pramANe caThaNane maLato AvI jAya che 197 sudarzana taLAvanI prazastithI rUdradAmananA jIvana vizenI gerasamajutionuM nivAraNa 207 thI 217 sudhI siMhaprastha, siMhapura ane khAravelanI rANI siMdhulAH A zabdone kaMI saMbaMdha kharo ke? 307-7 sumAtrA, jAvA tathA AkapaleganA mULavatanIo trikaliMga dezamAMthI tyAM gayA hatA tenuM rekhAdarzana. 356-7 350 thI 60 hAthIguphAnA lekhane paMktivAra samajAvela anuvAda tathA temAM vidvAnonA thatA matapheranI ApelI samaja (Akhe pariccheda pRSTha 276 thI AgaLa) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI huSka, juSka ane kaniSkanA trika vizenI vicAraNA 165 thI 63 hukapura, zuSkapura ane kaniSkapura vasAyAnA samaya vize 163 haviSka ane kaniSkanA saMbaMdhamAM vidvAnane naDelI be mUMjhavaNa ane tene karela nIkAla 168 thI 72 hAri vikramAdityanuM vivecana 74, 81; tene samaya 90 tenuM varNana 91; hUNa ane zaka prajAno taphAvata 74 hRNAri ane zakAri vikramAdityanI carcA 81 thI AgaLa haNa ane kuzAna eka ke bhinna 122 thI AgaLa 138 haNa prajAnI khAsiyatanuM varNana 123 (3) sAmAnya jJAnasaMbaMdhI ariSTakanA maraNanI noMdha levAyAno havAle 20, 22 avaMti ane mathurAnI rAjakIya daSTie sarakhAmaNuM (145) aneka rIte ghaTanAo maLatI hovA chatAM anumAna satya na hoI zake 200 (pANa, cakkaNa, hAthIguphAnA duSTAta.) ajaMTAnI guphAo; badAmI tathA hAlanA maMdira; jainonAM ke bauddhonAM tenI keTalIka mAhitI 335 (335). asthi ke zarIranAM avazeSo jenone pUjya che jyAre vaidikone aspRzya che tenuM varNana (327)328, 329 amarAvatI rUpa pakSa-apakSa purAvAthI puravAra thate jainadharma sAtheno saMbaMdha adhikAra paratve svataMtra ane bInasvataMtra prajAnAM nAma tathA dRSTAMta I. (2003) ANaMdapura nAme keTalAM nagara hatAM tenI carcA (8) ANaMdapura ane ANaMdanagara eka ke judAM (8) ANaMdapura ane khaMbhAtane saMbaMdha (9) AryaprajAnI utpatti jaMbudvIpamAM 121 AryasaMskRti hiMda bahAranI prAe apanAvI che, chatAM te prajAmAM bhinnatA dekhAvAnuM kAraNu 165,181 Arya sAthenA semeTIka orIjInavALAnA saMbaMdhanI mAhitI (121) Arya prajAnuM saraNuM hiMda bahAra thayAnuM dRSTAMta 135, 136 Arya prajAnAM traNa saraNanI samaja 120, 121, 122 Arya prajAnI utpatti, sthAna ane AryaprajAnAM saMsthAna; te be vacceno taphAvata (119) (120) 121 Arya-anAryanI vyAkhyA (sthAna paratve ke saMskRti paratve) 164 InTareganama zabdanA arthanI samajuti 16 ItihAsakAra sAcA che. mAtra temanuM Alekhana daSTibiMdu bhinna hovAthI varNana judu paDe che; 85 thI AgaLa 86, 87. I. sa. ne Isu bhagavAnanA janma sAthe saMbaMdha che ke (109). IsAI, vikrama ane mahAvIra saMvatanI pArasapArika gUMthaNI 108, 112 IjanerI jJAna (nahera I.nuM) prAcIna samaye paNa hatuM tenuM daSTAMta (289) ujainI, vidizA ane jillA nagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22

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cAvI. [ prAcIna ujainInAM vidhavidha nAme 22, 23 (29) : ujainI tathA jillAnI caDatI paDatInuM citradarzana 23, 24 urjanI ane vidizAnuM rAjanagara tarIke samaya samayanuM varNana 24-25 tathA TIkAo, 38 ujainInuM vedhazALA tarIkenuM sthAna 38 uttamatAnA dhoraNe taLI jemAM kyA saMvata uMcA naMbare Ave che 18 uccAranI sAmyatAne lIdhe karAtAM anumAnathI nIpajatAM aniSTa pariNAmanAM dRSTAMte (119) eka nAma dhArI be vyaktino samaya eka haya, te te eka ja hoya ke? 70; nizcitapaNe eka mAnI levAyAthI thayela gUMcavaNe 70 eziyA nagarInI sthApanA vize 17 erisa prAMtamAMnI dharmakrAMtio (juo dharmakAMti zabda). aMtedi dezanI oLakha (20) aMtima kevaLa (zrI jaMbu) ane aMtima zrutakevaLI (zrI bhadrabAhu) te be vaccenA taphAvatanI samajuti 315 AMka (saMvata) apAyo hoya te uparathI tenuM nAma zodhI kADhavAnI rIta 85 AMdhrabhUtyA zabdane gaNapaddhati sAthe saMbaMdha (284) eMdriya ane anaikriya jJAna kone kahevAya tene khulAse (15) kaniSka pahelAnI rAjanIti saMbaMdhI be zabdo svataMtrapaNe teNe AdarI ke anyanuM anukaraNa 15ra kaniSka (pahelo ane bIjo) temanI sarakhAmaNa 177 karaNa, karAvaNane anumodana, traNe sarakhAM phaLa nIpajAve re; te gAthAnuM rahasya 312 kaliyuganA cha saMvatsaronAM nAma 95 kaliMganI rAjadhAnInA sthAna vize vivAda ra84 kalagajInamUrtine lIdhe hAthIguMphAnI kIrti vadhI che te saMbaMdhane itihAsa 246 thI AgaLa, 301 308 tathA TIkAoH tenI mImAMsA 321, 324 thI 328 tathA AgaLa kALagaNanA vizenI samaja (pUrNimAMta ane amAsAMta) 39, (39) (50) 61 kazAna prajAno tuzAramAM thato samAveza (juo tuzAra) kuzAnavaMzI sikkAmAM aneka devadevIonAM citro maLI Ave che tenuM kAraNa (156) 180-1 kazAna ane bauddha prajAnA saMvata oLakhavAnI paddhatinuM varNana 159 zrIkRSNa vaidika matanA deva nathI (pu. 3. pR. 86. TI. naM. 84) te zilAlekhI purAvAthI sAbita thAya che. 335-36 kevaLI, arihaMta, siddha, I. zabdone samajAvela taphAvata (303) kevaLanI (buta) ane zrutajJAnanA vicchedano hakIkata satya che ema khAravelanA lekhamAMthI maLI AvatI sAbitI 308 thI 12 TIkAo tathA AgaLa. kSatriya ane rajapUta vacceno bheda (90) 91, 92 khaMbhAta tathA ANaMdapurano saMbaMdha (juo ANaMdapura) khAravelanA dhArmika tathA sAmAjIka jIvananI karelI samIkSA 357-60 khAravelanI ane priyadarzinanI sarakhAmaNI 361-3 gaNapaddhati ane bhUmiSNu vacce kevo saMbaMdha hoya tenuM varNana tathA purAvA (284) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI gadheyA nAmanA sikkAnI oLakha 11-40 gadaMbhIla gaMdharvasenane gardabha mAnI levAthI ramuja ubhI thavA pAmI che tenuM varNana 8 tathA AgaLa ane TIkAo; 43 (43), 53. gardabhIvidyAnI sAdhanAnuM svarUpa 2, 13 cazmaNa ane kuzAna saMvatanI sarakhAmaNI 205 cAritryazIlatAnI majabutAI ane zithilatAnA samayanI vicAraNA (18) cedi nAmanI utpatti vize prakAza 231 cArI, luMTaphATa vigerenA aMkuza mATe kAyadAnuM rakSaNa kyAM sudhI rahI zake (46) caMdragupta maurya ane sAtakaraNIone bhilyATopsa sAthe saMbaMdha 27 caMdra ane sairyamAsanA taphAvatanuM kAraNa (vidvAnonI daSTie) juo sairya zabda jagannAthapurInI pratimA vizenI mAhitI (kaliMga jInamUrti juo) jagannAthajInA tIrtha saMbaMdhI aMtima anumAna; te uparathI levAyogya AzvAsana tathA cetavaNI 339-341 jagannAthajI maMdirano tathA mUrtine keTaloka ItihAsa 324thI 328 jagannAthajInI mUrti vize, sara kaniMgahAma, De. rAjendralAla tathA mi. hilI zuM dhAre che. 325-26-28 A traNe bAbatanI guMthaNI tathA tene niSkarSa 328thI 336 jagannAthajInI mUrti jevI ja, sAMcI mukAmethI mUrti maLI AvatAM, sara kaniMgahAme bAMdhela nirNaya 326, (327) 328, 332 jagannAthajInI mUrti baddha hovAnuM vidvAno dhAre che paNa te azakaya che. 332-33 jagannAthajInI mUrtinA camatkAranI AkhyAyikAo jevI ja pArzvanAthanI mUrti sAthe joDAyela AkhyA yikAo che; tevI eka benuM varNana (333), 333, 334 (334), 337 jagannAthajInI mUrti vize soLa muddAo ubhA karAyA che te sarvanuM kramavAra samAdhAna 328thI 336 jagannAthajInI vartamAna mUrtinA svarUpanuM varNana 336 jagannAthapurInA jevo ja mahimA mahArASTranA paMDharapuranA viThobA maMdirane che te hakIkata (339) jagannAthajInA maMdiranuM bhuvanezvara sAthe sAmya (341). jaganAtha te jagannAtha pAzvanAtha kharA ke kema ? anya pArzvanAthanI nAmAvalI (337) jUnI mAnyatAonI-pakSa ane apakSa udAharaNathI teDAtI dalIla 370 thI 73 jena rAjAo dharmamahAbhya nimite zuM zuM karatA teno khAravelanA jIvanamAMthI maLato bodha (hAthIguphAnA anuvAdanuM AkhuM prakaraNa juo. khAsa karIne vijayacaka, kAyaniSidhI, mahAprasAdanuM varNana) janadharmamAM pAkhaMDane artha ke karAya che teno khulAso 313 (313) jainene samAveza hiMdumAM thAya ke kema tenI carcA. 340 jainadharma sumAtrA, jAvA, Akapelego tarapha phelAyo hato tenA purAvA tathA carcA 358-60 Tesa (nAnA moTA)nuM varNana tathA temAM aMkita karelAM gAtrIonI samajUti (27) takSilAnA nAza saMbaMdhI prathama darzAvela hakIkatamAM karavA yogya sudhArA 144 (144) tIrthadhAmanI taLeTI paNa khUda tIrthanA jeTalI ja pavitra manAya che. 218 tIrthaMkara-ardhana tathA dravya tIrthakaranA taphAvatanI samaja (247) (248) tIrthadhAma (sAta) vizenI keTalIka mAhitI 338-39 tuSAra-dukhAra prajAnI utpatti ane hiMdI rAjAone saMbaMdha 10-12 50 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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cAvI [ prAcIna takhAra ane guAra eka ke bhinna 12 (10) telaMgaNa deza vizenI samajUti 78 telaMga prajA vizenI samajUti (juo sumAtrA zabda) duSkALa paDavAnAM kAraNanI tapAsa (290-91) devANapriyane artha jaina ane jainetara daSTie, temaja prAcIna ane arvAcIna kALe (313) daSTivAda, pUrva ane aMganI kSati thavA saMbaMdhI hakIkata 311 dhanakaTaka ane bennAtaTanagarane ItihAsa tathA anya carcA 318-19 dharmakAnti kyAre thAya che, kyAM thaI che, tenAM kAraNo ane daSTA 369 dharmakAntinuM yathAsthita varNana karAya ane vartamAna sthiti palaTI jatI dekhAya che temAM varNana karanArane deSa ke vartamAna sthiti aTaLa ja gaNAvI joIe tevI mAnyatA dharAvanArano? dharmavastu prAcIna samaye je prakAre manAtI te ane vartamAnakALa sthitinuM aMtara 154, 165 dharmAnti (orissAmAM) eka I. sa. 300 AsapAsa 329, 330 : ane bIjI kayAre thaI che te vize 331 dharma ane AtmAnA saMbaMdhanuM varNana 368 dharma kAntinI asara hiMdamAM maMdapaNe varte che tenuM kAraNa 369 dhArAnagarInI sthApanA (9) nahera banAvavI te mahesulI prazna nahIM paNa sAmAjIka gaNAya che. ra91-93 pazu-prANuo (jevAM ke siMha, vRSabha, hasti I) prAcIna samaye kotarAvAtAM do, kyA dharmanAM pratIka hoI zake tenI mAhitI 369 pATaliputranI zAstravacanAnA prasaMganI utpatti 316 pArvatIya pradezanA manuSyanI zarIrazaktine khyAla Apate banAva 153 puruSapura tathA vizAlAnagarI nAme zaherenuM varNana (25) (29) 223 pu5pura nagarane sAmAnya artha (19). prajAnI samRddhi i. sa. nI AdimAM lakSa senaiyAthI mapAtI hatI tenuM daSTAMta (45) pratimA-mUrtinI sthApanA I. sa. be sadI pUrve vaidika ane bauddhadharmamAM hatI ke kema te saMbaMdhI sthApatyanA abhyAsI vidvAnonA mata 372-3 priyadarzine dhaulI-jAgauDA zilAlekha ubhA karAvyAnuM kAraNa 321 (321) (22) 338 priyadarzinanI ane khAravelanI sarakhAmaNI 361-3 rANuM piMgalA (zakAri vikramAdityanA bhAI bhatRharInI rANI)nI cAritrazithilatA 35, 48 baiddhadharma I. sa. trIjI sadI sudhI hiMdamAM kaI rIte phAvyo ja nathI. 158 (158): traNa vidvAnonA kathananA AdhAre bhAddha ane jaina dharmanI vastumAM najIvo phera heIne ekane bIjA tarIkenI dhArI levAya che 158, (158). tenA purAvA mATe (pu. 1 avaMtine pariccheda; pu. 2 nA prathamanA traNa pariccheda tathA priya dazinanuM AkhuM jIvanacaritra juo). bhAddhadharma kAzmiramAM pravezyo ja nathI tenA purAvA 175, 178 bAddhadharmIo mUrtio ja ubhI karatA te siddhAMta che; chatAM mUrti vinAnA sthAnane bauddhanuM TharAvAya te kevuM 175; AvI hakIkato khuda graMtho uparathI paNa khoTI TharAvAya che. 176, 179 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI baiddha smAraka saMbaMdhI sAvacetIthI AgaLa vadhavAnI cetavaNI (juo vaidika zabda) bhArahuta stUpa saMbaMdhI prakAza 305 (305) bhinna prakAranA zeTha ane nokara hoI zake tenAM daSTAMte (16) bhilasA ane bhArahuta TopsanA nirmANanA kAraNonI tapAsa tathA tene niradhAra 28 bhisA, sAMcI, ane vidizAnA sthAnane parasparane saMbaMdha 290 bhuvanezvara maMdira vize jANavA gya hakIkata 324-325 bhuvanezvaranuM ane jagannAthajInuM sAmya (341) rAjA bhejanuM birUda vikramAditya paNa hatuM 68, 69, 79 (79) 84 be bhejadeva (gvAliyarapati ane avaMtipati) saMbaMdhI itihAsakAroe karela goTALo 93 (93) magadhamAM naMdivardhana rAjya ativRSTi, tathA anAvRSTi thayA hatA tenA samayanI samajUti 289 mathurAnuM tIrtha kRSNa bhakatanuM-vaidika matanuM nathI tenuM kAraNa (63) mathurA ane avaMtinI rAjakIya dRSTie sarakhAmaNI (145). mathurA baiddhadharmanI saMskRtinuM dhAma nathI ja, hoya te bahu alpa e vidvAnone mata 155 thI 50 madrAsa sarakAranA 1930 nA paripatranI jAherAta 319 manuSyasvabhAvanI khAsiyatane lIdhe lahiyAe karelI bhUla 86 mahArAjAdhirAja pada (manuM) moTuM ke kaniSkanuM rAjA pada moTuM 148-9 mahAkSatranA adhikAra (nahapANa, ca9Na, rUdradAmananA) paratve taphAvata 195 mahAkSatrapa tathA kSatrapanA adhikAranuM varNana 202 thI 205 mAnastaMbha ubhA karAvavAnI prathA : jaina tathA vaidika saMpradAyanA aMge taphAvatanuM varNana 334-35 tathA TIkAo muslIma dharmanI sthApanA arabastAnamAM thaI te pUrve tyAM kevI sthiti hatI (51) musalamAnI rAjyonA samaye vikramAditya zabdanI vaparAza baMdha thaI che (78) (84) mUrti ane mUrtipUjA prAcIna samaye hatI ke kema ? 340-1 (741) meghavAhana nAma vyakitanuM che ke birUda che (20) (239) 240 merUpatane Arya prajAnA kendra tarIke gaNavAnI paddhati 121 mohanajADerAnA avazeSo saMbadhI kAMIka prakAza (17) pleccha prajAnI vyAkhyA (19) (136) (137). yavana ane zaka prajAnI sarakhAmaNI (21) yavane (AyonIyana TApunA rahIza) ne Arya zA mATe kahevAya (14) yudhiSThira kaliyuga saMvatanI Adi vize 60 yudviSira vaidika matAnuyAyI nathI tenuM kAraNa (63) rAjanItinA eka dhAraNane ullekha 228 rAjadvArI kSetranI asara sAmAjIkane paNa pahoMce che tenuM dRSTAMta 83 rAjasUya yajJa kayAre thAya; te samaye prajAne zuM lAbha maLe tenuM varNana 293 (294) rAjA uparathI tenA vaMzanuM nAma paDayAnAM dRSTAMta 138 rAjApadathI paradezIo potAne kyAre vibhUSita karatA, tenAM kAraNa ane dRSTAMta 148 rAjAo karaMjana kAryo karAvatAM, te kyAre ? ne pharaja tarIke? tenI samIkSA (277) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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12 cAvI [ prAcIna rAjAonI prajA pratyenI pharajanAM dRSTAMta-hAthIguphAnAM lekha AdhAre (278) (294) rAjavaMzo (keTalAka bhAratIya) AkhAne AkhA hiMdI ItihAsamAMthI luma thayela che tenAM nAme (48) rAjyAbhiSeka 24 varSanI umare karAto ema zAstranuM kathana che ema kahI, khAravela saMbaMdhI te lAgu pADe che paNa te rAsta nathI tenuM varNana 280 rANI ane paTarANInI carcA (351) rASTrika, rathika, mahArathIka, bhejaka, azvaka, vigere prajA che ke heddAo; tenuM vivecana 285 rUdradAmana vizenI keTalIka gerasamajUti (juo sudarzana zabda) lagnamAM varNabheda pratibaMdharUpe nahote tenuM dRSTAMta (para) laDAInA kSetra mATe pasaMdagInuM dhoraNa (73) lipi (saMskRta, prAkRta, mizra)nA samayanI theDIka carcA 255 vikama saMvatanI dekhAdekhImAM kaNe kaNe pitAnA saMvatsare calAvyA hatA (2) vikrama saMvata calAvavAmAM koI kAraNa nIMdanIya hatuM ke ? (2) vikamavatanI vaparAza, vikAsa ane pAlanamAM prajAe kAMI gaphalatI karI che ke 64, 67 vikramasaMvata sAthe bIjAonuM thayela mizraNa ane tenA ukela mATenI yukita 65, 82 vikamasaMvatavALA prAcIna zilAlekhanI eka yAdI 78 (78) vikrama saMvata vaparAto vacce baMdha paDI gayo hato ane pAcho zarU thayo hato tenI lIdhela tapAsa (44) 62) 64, 83 (83) 91, 92, 93 (93) vikrama saMvatanI sthApanAne AbhAsa 2 vikramasaMvatanA prAraMbhanAM kAraNu tathA samaya 21, 34, 38, 64 tathA AgaLa ane TIkAo, 85 vikramasaMvatasaranI sthApanAmAM 17 varSanuM aMtara keTaleka ThekANe dekhAya che tenuM kAraNa (ra1) 37 (37) vikramasaMvatane samaya vizeSa spaSTAkAre (82) vikamasaMvatane samaya nakkI karavAmAM paDatI viTaMbaNuM 85 vikramasaMvatanI AdinA bhinna bhinna prakAra; tenI dalIlo sAthe 85 vikrama saMvata ane mAlavasaMvata eka ja che ema keTalAkanI mAnyatA 94 (94) vikama ane mahAvIra saMvatanI gaNatrImAM phera zuM? 109 vikramasaMvatane I. sa. mAM utAravAnI paddhati 110 vikramasaMvatane I. sa. vacce 57 nuM aMtara ke pAnuM tenI carcA 110 (110) vikramAditya nAmanI paMdareka vyaktione nide za 79 vikramAditya zakArinA aneka nAmonI samaja 33, 46 thI 47 (47), (45) 45 * vikramAdityanA rAjanagaranI sthApanA (juo urjana) vikramAdityanA sikkA nathI zodhAyA tenuM kAraNa 39 vikramAditya zabdanI vyutpatti pramANe thatA artha tayA te sAthe ghaTAvelA anya rAjavIonAM nAme (33) (66) 84 vikramAditya zakArinA Agamana samaye prajAnI azAMtinuM varNana 33 (33) vikamAhityanA aMdhAra pichoDAnI varNavelI sthiti 46-47

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bhAratavarSe ] cAvI vikramAditya birUdane musalamAnI rAjaamale thayela lepa (45) vikramAdityanA putranuM arakhI samudranA rAjAnI kuMvarI suleAcanA sAthenuM lagna 5, 49, 51, para vikramAditya ane bhAja; birUda ke nAma 84 vidizAnI sthApanA ane aMtanA samaya 25, 30 videzI vidvAneAe peAtAnA doSa hovA chatAM tene deSa hiMdI vidrAnA upara DhALyo che tenuM dRSTAMta 199 (199) vidvAnonI tarkazakti keTale sudhI kAma karI zake che tenAM dRSTAMtA (21)(10) (11), 75 (dalIla naM. 9) vedhazALA tarIke ujainInA sthAnanA samaya 38 vaidrika ane auddhadharmanI dhArmika smArakAnI lagatI paurANika mAnyatA AgaLa vadhavAnI cetavaNI 373 svIkArI levAmAM sAvadhAnauthI zakaprajAnI khAsiyatAnuM vizeSa varNana 17 thI AgaLa zakasthAna sAthe bhrUNa zilAcAranA gADhatvane vicAra (18) zakasaMvata (uttara, dakSiNa ane pazcima hiMda)nA taphAvata (50) zAtavahunavaMzIonA dharma vizenI mAhitI (43) zaka zabdanA arthanI samajUti 95; tene sAra 98 13 'zakaTTapakAla' te eka zabda-samAsa che; tenA arthanI samajUti 97 zakasaMvatanI sthApanA I. sa. 78mAM niSka karI che evA DaoN. elDanabarganA matane sarve vidvAne e ApelI saMmati 99 zakasaMvata sAthe, kuzAna, nahapANu, vensakI ane ajhIjha rAjAone kevA saMbaMdha heAya tenI vicAraNA 99 zaka (saMvata) krANa pravartAvI zake (kSatrapa ke mahAkSatrapa) 188 zilAlekha kAtarAvavAnuM kAraNa rAjakIya ke dhArmika 216 thI AgaLa zrutasaMrakSaNanuM kArya khAravele kevI rIte pAra pADayuM tenA ItihAsa 308 thI 12; 315-16 zAsravIta paraMtu buddhithI agamya aneka ghaTanAe paNa satya puravAra karI zakAya che (292) zrutarakSaNa-pustakAhAranA duSkALa sAthe saMbaMdha 315 sAvara ane samudra vizenI pArakha, (121) sidhdhakA sthAna nAme oLakhAtI bhUminuM sthAna 27 semeTika erijInanA Arya saMbaMdha sAthenA prasArA (121) sArya ane caMdra mAsanA taphAvata (vidyAnAnI eka mAnyatA) (103) (102); tenuM nivAraNa. sAya mAsa zakasaMvatamAM vaparAyA hovAnuM prathama dRSTAMta 102 (102). zA mATe ATalA moDA dekhAyA tenuM kAraNu 102, 103 (103) sTAnDarDa ane madrAsa TAImanI eka samaye cAlatI vaparAza 94 saMvatasara (dhArmika ane sAmAjIka)nI AdinA samayamAM rahela taphAvatanI samajUti (37) saMvatsara (sAmAjIka)nI Adi paNa tenA sthApakanA samayathI nathI gaNAI tenAM dRSTAMtA (37) saMvatanI Adi viziSTa prasaMganI yAdimAM thAya, paraMtu te samaya sAthe saMbaMdha rAkhe nahIM tenuM kAraNu 37, 64, (65) saMvatanI pAse tenuM nAmaja na lakhyuM hoya, mAtra AMkaja hAya tA, zI rIte gaNutrI karAya. 83

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14 saMvata zeAdhI kADhavAnI sarva sAmAnya kuMcI 85 saMvata AlekhananI bhinna bhinna paddhatie 85 cAvI [ prAcIna saMvatsaro (nava) A pustakanI maryAdAmAM Avela che teneA kAThA 106 saMvatAnI Adi (rA^enA ane dhArmika) zI rIte thaI che? 106-107 saMvatsaronI uttamatA mApavAnuM dhAraNa 106, 107, 108 saMvatsaro (dhArmika) tathA IsAI saMvatanA dhAraNamAM rahela phera (19) maMtrIjInA aDhAra bhAgA tathA peTA vibhAganI samajUti 230 saMzAdhakeAnI kalpanAzaktinAM dRSTAMtA (jIe vidvAna zabda) hAthIguMphAnA lekhavALA pradezanI bhaugeAlika sthitine TUka paricaya 323 (323) hAla zAlivAhananuM nAma paNa vikramAditya che. 73 hiMdumAM jainane samAveza karAya ke tenI carcA 340 (6) mukhya bhAge jainadharmane sparze tevA ajaMTAnA guphAmaMdirA, badAmI tathA haiAlanA maMdirA, jaitenAM ke bauddhonAM, tenI mAhitI 335 (335) apApAnagarInA sthAna saMbaMdhI sthiti 26-29 amarAvatI stUpa jaina dharmanA heAvA vize, parAkSa tathA aparekSa purAvAnuM varNana 371 thI 73 arabastAnanA rAjA I. sa. nI pahelI khIjI balke cha sadI sudhI jainadharmI hatA. (11) ahaMda ane mahAvijayaprAsAda vizenI arthapUrNa mAhitI, 298 (298), 316 thI 20 arjuna, ane tIrthaMkarAdinI samaja (247) (248) asthi I. avazeSa jene pUjanika gaNe che jyAre vaidikA aspRzya gaNe che te taphAvatanuM varNana(327)328,329 ANaMdapura-vardhamAnapura saMbaMdhI ApelI samaja 219 ujainI, vidizA ane zilpsA nagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22, 23, 24 ujainInAM aneka nAmA tathA dRSTAMta, 22, 23, (29) aMtima dhruvaLI (bIjaMbu) ane aMtima zrutakevaLI (zrI bhadrabAhu) te benI vaccenA taphAvatanI samaja 315 andriya ane anendriya jJAna kAne kahevAya tene khulAsA (315) AMdhrapati zAtakaraNI ane caMdragupta mauryanA bhilsA nagarI sAtheteA saMbaMdha 27 karaNa, karAvaNu te anumeAdana, traNe sarIkhAM mULa nIpajAvuMre; te kaDInuM batAveluM rahasya 312 kaliMgajIna pratimAnA ItihAsa 301-3 tathA TIkA; tenI mimAMsA 321, 324 thI 28 tathA AgaLa; 246 thI AgaLa kaliMganI rAjadhAnI tathA te sAthenA dharma saMbaMdha 246 thI AgaLa kalpasUtranI vAMcanAnA samaya vize 80 (87) kAyaniSidI (jIe vijayacakra zabda) kALagaNanA jaina itihAsakArA prAcIna samaye kevI rIte karatA. 61 kAlikasUri ane sarasvatI sAdhvInA ItihAsa 12 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kAlikasUri nAme aneka AcAryo thayA che. (12) kuzAna ane tuSAra prazna paNa jaina dharma pALatI hatI (137), 114 thI AgaLa, 160 (160) kuzAnavaMzIo paNa caRNuvaMzI peThe 'sUryacaMdra'ne mAnanArA che tenuM hAtha lAgeluM eka dRzya 179 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI zrIkRSNa vaidika matanA nathI ema zilAlekha uparathI maLatI sAbitI 335-36 (.juo pu. 3, pR 86 TI. na. 24). kevaLI, arihaMta, ane siddha zabda vaccenA taphAvatanI samaja (306). kSemarAja ane naMdivardhana vacce liMgajInI pratimA bAbata thayela yuddhanA isArA 243, 244, 248-49 (A) puTa, pAdalipta, nAgArjuna, vikramAditya zakAri tathA hAla zAtakaraNanA samakAlInapaNuM vizenA purAvA 36, 51 (para) rAja khAravele lIdhelAM upAsakavRta saMbaMdhI vivecana 306 rAjA khAravele uttarAvasthAmAM dIkSA lIdhI hatI ke mAtra nivRtti ja sevelI tenI carcA 349 (349) khAravelanA dhArmika tathA sAmAjIka jIvananI samIkSA 350-60 khAravela ane priyadarzinanI sarakhAmaNI 361-3 gardabhIlavaMzIo jenadhamAM hatA tenI carcA. 43 thI AgaLa tathA TIkAbo. caNavaMzI "sUryacaMdrane pUjanArA hatA (juo kuzAna zabda). caSaNaprajA jainadharmI hatI ema zilAlekha ane sikkAnA purAvAthI have vidvAnane baMdhAte mata 15, 105, 160, 216 thI AgaLa caMdraguptamairya ane AMdhrapati zAtakaraNIone bhilsA nagarI sAtheno saMbaMdha 27 caMdrate 40 hajAra dravya kharcA sAMcI pradezamAM karelI goThavaNa 218 (juo dravyadIpaka zabda) jagannAthajInA maMdira tathA mUrti vizenA soLa mudAnuM kramavAra samAdhAna 328 thI 336 jagannAthajInI vartamAna mUrtinuM varNana 336 jagannAthajInI mUrti vize DaoN. rAjendralAla, sara kaniMgahAma tathA mi. hIlIno abhiprAya 325thI 328. jagannAthajInI mUrtinA camatkAra (juo pArzvanAtha) te maMtavyonI guMthaNI tathA tene niSkarSa 320thI36 jagannAthajInI mUrti vidvAno bauddhamatanI TharAve che te nirarthaka hovAnAM kAraNo 332-33 jagannAthajInA jevo ja mahimA mahArASTranA paMDharapuranA viThebA maMdirane che te hakIkata (337) jagannAthapurInI pratimA vize mAhitI (kaliMgajIna juo). jagannAthajI tIrtha saMbaMdhInA anumAna uparathI levA yogya AzvAsana tathA cetavaNI 339, 341 jagannAthajInI mUrti jevIja sAMcInagarathI mUrti maLI AvI che te vize sara kaniMgahAmano mata 326 (227), 328, 332 jAvaDazAha (juo zatru ddhAra) jAlArapuranA yakSavasatI nAme mahAvIramaMdiranI sthApanAno samaya tathA sthAna 44 (45). jInabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa (juo zilAMkasUri) jainadharmane vizALAnagarI ane puSpapura mATe pakSapAta 23 thI 30 jainadharmane ujainInA pradeza sAthenA gADha saMbaMdhanuM varNana 22 thI 30 jenasAdhu ane tIrthakaranA AcAramAM bheda rahe temAMnuM eka dRSTAMta (26) jena rAjAo prAcIna samaye nedha zI rIte karatAM, tenAM dRSTAMta tathA kAraNo 62 (62) jaina ItihAsakArone samayAlekhanamAM naDatI muzkelIo 82 jaina pustakedvAranA AMka samaya 981, 997, 993 vizeno khulAso 86, 87 tathA TIkAo jena rAjA (vallabhIpuranA) dhruvasena vize 87 (87)

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cAvI [ prAcIna jaina ane bauddhadharmanAM pratIke (juo bauddha zabda). jenadhamanI saMkhyA vipula hatI; ochI thaIne kyAM gayA; tenuM saMbhavita kAraNu 165, 166 jainadharmamAM pAkhaMDane karAte arthaH 313 (313) jenarAjAe tIrtha prema mATe zuM zuM na karatA; khAravelanA jIvanamAMthI te vize maLato bodha 319 (khAsa karIne juo vijayacakra, kAyaniSidhI, ane mahAprasAdanuM varNana) jainamaMdiranI racanA vizene khyAla (24) jainadharma sumAtrA ane jAvA tarapha gayo hato tenA purAvA (juo sumAtrA zabda) 358-60 Tepsa (nAnA moTAnuM varNana tathA temAM aMkita karela gotra saMbaMdhI mAhitI (25) tIrthaMkaranA nirvANanuM sthAna tathA temanAM prAcIna arvAcIna sthAnanI sarakhAmaNI (25) "tIrthakarane vAra' te zabdanA arthanI samajUti (61) tIrthasthAne vize kAMIka prakAza (tathA taLeTI vizenI samaja) 218 thI AgaLa 240 (24) (sAta) tIrthaMdhA vize keTalIka mAhitI 638-39 tuSAraprajA jenadhamAM hatI (juo kuzAna zabda) dAkSiNyacinha suri (juo zilAMkari zo) digaMbara, tAMbaramAM vikrama saMvatanA lekhane vicAra 86, 87 (87). dRSTivAda, pUrva ane aMganI lupti vize mAhitI 311 devadigaNuM kSamAzramaNa tathA haribhadrasUrinA samaya mATe beMdhAyela AMka vize khulAso (64) (83) 86 devANapriya artha; prAcIna samaye tathA hAlamAM jena temaja jainetara daSTie (313) dravyadIpaka tathA bhAvadIpaka pragaTAvavAnuM sthAna tathA kAraNuM 27, 28, 218 dhanakaTaka ane bennAtaTanagarano itihAsa tathA bhaugolika sthAnanI carcA 318-19 dharma sAthe AtmAnA saMbaMdhanuM varNana 368 rAjA dhruvasena (vallabhIpati) ane kalpasUtravAMcana (juo kalpasUtra zabda) nAgAna; juo Arya khapUTa zabda pazu-pANi (siMha, vRSabha, hAthI, azva) che. kayA dharmanAM pratIka che. 370-2 pATalIputranI zAstravAcanAne prasaMga 316 pAdalipta (juo khapuTa zabda) pArzvanAthanI mUrtio sAthe joDAyela camatkAranuM varNana, tevI ja rIte jagannAthajInI mUrtionI AkhyA yikAnA camatkAranuM varNana che. 333 (333), 334 (334); bIjInuM varNana 337 pArzvanAtha pahADa (juo sametazikhara zabda) puSpapura ane vizALAnagarIonI oLakha 223, (25) (29) parvadIzI pAvApurIvALI kaDInuM samajAveluM rahasya (29) pratimA I. sa. be sadI pahelAM zaiddha ane vaidikadharmamAM hatI ke, te saMbaMdhI sthApatya niSNAtonA mata 3ra-4 priyadazine ubhA karAvela nAnA moTA stUpa, lekho I. nAM kAraNo 25-26 tathA TIkAo, 217, 321 (321) (22) 338 priyadarzina samaye jenadharmanA dekhAva, ane tenI asara 105 priyadarzina ane khAravelanI sarakhAmaNI (juo khAravela zabda)

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bhAratavarSa ] cAvI bAddhadharmanAM ane jenanAM pratIke lagabhaga eka sarakhAM hovAthI eka bIjAne dhArI levAya che purAvA tathA dRSTAMta tarIke (pu. 1 avaMtinuM varNana pu. 2 nA prathama traNa pariccheda, priyadarzinanuM vRtAMta) 158 (158) 370 thI 374. bAddhadharmanAM smArake, do i. mAMthI dhaDa lavA gya bedhapATha 370 thI 73 bAddha ane vaidika smArakanI paurANika mAnyatA svIkArI levAmAM sAvadhAnatAnI cetavaNI 34 bAddha pratimAnI sthApanAnA samaya vize sthApatya niSNAtene mata 3ra-4 bhadrezvara (kaccha) tIrtha saMbaMdhI kAMIka 220 bhArahuta stUpa saMbaMdhI prakAza 305 (305) bhUmaka, nahapANa vigere, tathA zaka prajA jenadharma pALatI hatI (18) (20). bhilasA, ujajenI tathA vidizA nagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22 bhilsA sAthe caMdragupta maurya tathA aMdhapati zAtakaraNIne saMbaMdha ane kAraNe 27 bhidasA ane bhArahata TopanA sthAnanirmANanA kAraNanI tapAsa tathA tene niradhAra 28 bhilsA, vidizA ane sAMcInA sthAnane parasparane saMbaMdha 29 bhIlaDIyAjI tIrthane jainadharma sAthe saMbaMdha (45) zrI mahAvIranI gaNadhara sthApanAnuM nagara tathA nirvANasthAnanI apApAnagarI, banne eka ja che. 26 zrI mahAvIranA kevaLakalyANakanI bhUmi saMbaMdhI 26-28 mahAvIra saMvatano nirdeza sarakArI daphataramAM, zilAlekha temaja sikkAmAM thavAnI neMdha 61 (1) mAnastaMbha devAlayanA prAMgaNamAM ubhA karAvavAnI prathA te vize jena ane vaidika taphAvata 334-35 (tathA TIkAo) yakSavasatI sthapAyAne samaya tathA sthAna (juo jAlaurapura) (jana) zAka ane yavana prajAnI sarakhAmaNa (21) rAjasUya yajJa karAvavAnuM kAraNa tathA saiyatane tethI thatA phAyadAo (20) (294) vajasvAmI (juo khapuTa zabda tathA zatruddhAramAM) vanavAsI ga7nI utpatti vize eka saMbhavita kAraNa 178 vardhamAnapura (juo ANaMdapura) (rAjA) vAsudeve pitRdharma jainadharmane tyAga karyo hato 155, 178, 18, 216. (i. sa. 198 thI 236; pR. 216) vikramasaMvata sAthe jenonA saMbaMdhanI carcA. 44 (44) vaLI juo cetAMbara zabda. vikramAditya zakAri tathA hAlazAtakaraNI samakAlIna (juo khapuTa zabda) 36, 43 vikramAdityanA putranuM arabastAnanA rAjAnI kuMvarI sulocanA sAthenuM lagna 5, 49, 51, 5ra vijayacaka ane kAryaniSidI zabdanI vyAkhyA tathA vivecana (278) (279) 304 thI 307 tathA TIkAo vidizA, ujenI ane jillAnagarInuM keTaluMka viziSTa varNana 22 vidizA jillA ane sAMcIne parasparane saMbaMdha 29 vizALA nagarI ane puSpapura nAmanI nagarIonI oLakha (25) (29) 23 vedikamata pramANe asthi vigere avazeSo aspRzya che (juo asthi zabda) 51 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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cAvI [ prAcIna vaidika smArake, mUrtio, daye I. nI paurANika mAnyatA svIkArI levAmAM sAvadhAnatAnI cetavaNI 370 thI 73-374. vaidika pratimAnI sthApanA vize sthApatya niSNAtene mata 3ra-4 joidhAra ane vajasvAmI, 50, 51 (52) zatrudhdhAra ane jAvaDazAha (36) 51 zatruMjayanI taLeTI junAgaDhathI khasIne pAlItANe kayAre AvI (51) zatruMjaya mahAbhyanI racanAnA samaya vizene khulAso 69, 70 [70) (84) zAtavAhanavaMzIonA dharma vizenI mAhitI (43) zilAMkari dakSicintari, jInabhadragaNasamAtramaNa AdinA samaya vize (83) (84) zrutasaMrakSaNa kevI rIte khAravele pAra pADayuM tene ItihAsa 308 thI 12; 315-16 zrutarakSaNa ane pustakeddhArane-duSkALa sAthe saMbaMdha hoya te kaI rIte tenuM varNana-315 zrutakevaLI tathA mRtajJAnanA viccheda vize zAstramAM je hakIkata lakhAI che tene khAravelanA zilAlekhathI maLatuM samarthana 308 thI 312 sudhI tathA TIkAo zvetAMbara saMpradAya ane vikAsaMvatane upayoga (juo digAra zabda) sametazikharaH pArzvanAtha pahADane ItihAsa 246 thI AgaLa "sidhakAsthAna' nAme oLakhAtI bhUminuM sthAna 27 sidhdhasena divAkare zivaliMgamAMthI pArzvanAthanuM kareluM prAgaTaya tathA camatkAra (333-34) sumAtrA, jAvA, AkapelegamAMnI saMskRti vize vidvAne zuM kahe che. 358 thI 360, 361 suvarNagiri parvatanuM sthAna 44 (45) sAMcI, vidizA ane jillAne parasparane saMbaMdha 29 haribhasUrinA samayanA AMka mATe (juo viThThIgaNI zabda) hAlazAtakaraNI (juo khapuTa zabda) 36, 43 hiMdanI uttare, jainadharma koNe kyAre phelAvyo tathA keNe page ane kyAMsudhI tenuM varNana 105

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4 cha 3 vaMzAvaLI 15 tathA te pachInA rAjAo mATe paNa I. sa. vAMcavA. jema pR. 7 nI vaMzAvaLImAM che tema 1 32 pR. ranA lisTamAM pR. 3 nA lisTamAM 2 34 mAdhavasena (naM. 4) mAdhavasena (naM. 5) ra avaMtipati aMdhrapati 14 33 53 - 141 16 0 202 213 290 365 ra 1 2 ra ra 1 3 12 11 U azubhraM 3 30 57 thI 4 zuddhipatraka jahAMrIgImAMthI prathama dvitIya ane caturtha muddA ......rAjAne lagatA che khAkharAnA *lItilA chellethI 4 (jue uparamAM pR. 140) raka ejeMTa 445-2 31ra Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat zuddha 57 thI i. sa. 4 jahAMgIrImAMthI prathama ane dvitIya muddAo ......rAjAne lagatA che; na. 1 gardabhIlane lagatA che. khAkhArAnA kaMkAlItilA (jIe uparamAM pR. 142) rIjeTa 457-2 3ra www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM? ane kayAM? AmAM AMka saMkhyA pRisucaka che. paraMtu TIpaNe aMtargata je nAme, zabdo I. che temanAM pRSTha saMkhyAnA AMka samAM mUkyA che. azokanA zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha azokanA. akAmrakAnana, 25. aSTApada, (25). agnilIya, 330. ardhana, (280). agnimitra, 24, (256), 257, 258 (258) aheta, (280). (263) 265, (32) 30. ajJAtaH badanAma, 20, 22. ajAtazatru, 237, 305. A ajAva, (303). AkApelego 356, 357, 358, 359 ajanTAnI guphAo (335). ANaMdapura, 8, (8) (9), 219, 220. ajhIjha pahele,67, 68,76, 77, 100, 124, 139. Adinagara, 245. ajhIjha bIje, 124, 159. AslATa, 20. ajhIlIjha, 124, 139. Abhirapati, 222. anArya deza, 228. Abhira jAtI, 222, 233. anurUha, 231, 238, 248, (55) Amradeva, 222. anaMga bhImadeva, 329, 332. Aryadeza, 228. apApAnagarI, 29. AryaprajA, 119, 121. aphaghAnIstAna, 351 (31) 35ra. Arane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha ArAne abhivijaya rAjA, 262, 281, 282, 297. amarAvatI, 318 (318) 319 373 amarAvatI stUpa 371, 372, 373 InTaregnama athavA zakaprajAnuM rAjya, 3, 16, rara. amIjharA, (303). IDAcAInA 356 amane zilAlekha-juo zilAlekha amane. IniziA, 360, 361, 362. ayodhyA, 338, 339. I-DopArthiansa, 5, 42, 53. avaMtikA, 338, 339. InDopArthiana rAjA mejhIjha, juo mojhIjha. avaMti pradeza, 235, (58) 333 (34). Indraprastha; IndrapurI, 307. avaMtinI gAdI ane avaMtipati, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, IndrabhUtiH gautama, 26. 32 (33) 53, 55, 92, 189, 220, 221, IrA ke IlAvaMza, (231) 241 (24) 222, 223, 233, 290, 330. IrAnI rAjya, 35ra. ariSTakarNa, 14, 41, (250). IrAnI akhAta, 35ra. azokavardhana, 17, 22, 23, 60, 136, 213, 215, IsAI dharma, 264. 217, 254, 255, 267, 264, (264) 265, IsApurane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha IsApurane 332, 333, 366. IslAma dharma, 264, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kayAM? rA IsvIsana 106, 109, 111. aMtarikSa, (303). Izvaradatta 222, 233. aMtaragata zaMku, 7. aMdhAugAma (kacchamAM), 220. unaH avaMti, 22, 25, (29) 38, 229, 234 aMdhrapati, 14, 41, 224, 250, 261, 265, (334) 338. 266, 283, 286 (286) 318, 332, ujjainanI gAdI, 4, 19. 364, 366. ujajayaMta parvata, 217, AMdhradeza, 254, 285, 348. ujenanI vedhazALA, 30, 40. AMdha samrAjya, 229. utkaladeza, 234, 347. AMdhruvaMza, 79, 253, 254, 255, 265, 354 uttarahida, 228, 229. AMdhrabhUtyAjha, 250 (250) 284,354, 354)364. uttarApathanA rAjAo, 300. udayana bhaTa, 257. kaTaka jIllo, 235, 243. udayagiri pahADa, 277, 304, (323) 325 349, kaDaphasIjha pahelo, 10, 11, 54, 126, 127, 128, 350, 351. 128, 12, 135, 140, 153, 156, 223. udayagiri pahADano zilAlekha, juo zilAlekhamAM. kaDakasIjha bIjo ulema kaDakasIjha, 54, 126, 128, udayA, 238, 248, (302) (306) 318, 129, 132, 133, 135, 141, 145, 153, 341. (355) 155, 223. udAyana 17, 23, (48) 231, 237, 238 (238) kadaMbarAjya, 238, 295. (279) (334). kadaMbAjha, (286). udepura (8). kaniSka pahelo, 6 (6) 42, 54, 100, 124, urIya athavA uDaprAMte (orissA), 243. 128, 129, 130, 134, 135, 148, 162, urIya bhASA 355 163, 177, 198, 223. kaniSka bIja, 133, 134, 135, 150, 153, elekajhAMDara dhI greTa (yavArAjA), 62, 296. 163, 169, 173, 174, 176, 177, 21. kaniSkapura, 150, 162, 163. ela (era) mahArAjA 241. keneja, 221. helanA maMdire (335). kaherIne zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha kaherIne. e kanyAkumArI, 348. 355 orissA deza, 234, 235, 236, 243. kanDa athavA kRSNanA rAjya, 254, 255, 277, orisApati, 264. kapilapura 245 (245). karakaMDu rAjA, 229, 230, 231, 236, 237, aMga deza, 230, 234 (234) 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 (239) 241, 242, 245, 246, 239, 244, 245, 258, 303, 345, 346, 248, 272, 273, 274, 282, 302, 307, 347, 365, 366. 303, 305, 321, 345, 347, 357 aMgapati, 229, 258. kaliMga sAmrAjya, 229, 231, 237, 242, 24, aMgUla jIle, 235, 243, 244, 250, 252, 354, 357, 358

Page #448
22 zuM ? ane kyAM ? [ prAcIna kaliMga pati, ra29, 231, (232) 237, 238, 239, kuzAna saMvata -juo saMvata kuzAna-- 244, 248, 249, 250, 252, 256, 264, kuzAna prajA-120, 122, 125, 126, 138, 272, 273, 276, 280, 282, 297, 301, (154) 160, 165, 203. (301) 317, 346, 323, 363, 364, 366. kuzAna vaMzane zilAlekha juo zilAlekha kuzanavaMza. kaliMgadeza, 212, 229, 230, 232, 235, 236, kerala deza-300. 237, 238, 239, 243, 244, 245, 248, koregA-246. 249, 2para, 258, ra70, 273, 283, 28, koDInAra. (9). 317, 345, 346, 347, 348, 35, 361, kerAmAMDala, 318. 365, 366. kezalapati, (299) kaliMganagarI, 246, 290, 321. kauzAMbI, 23. , kaliMgajIna, 302. kaMkAlItilA, 154, 158, 176. kaliMgajInamUrti, juo jInamUrti kaliMganI. kaMcanapura, 243, 245, 245. kaTika, 330, 335. kAMjIvarama, 338. keda. 347. kacurI rAjAe (233). , vaMza (231) 233. kaliyuga saMvata, 60. khalatsa gAmane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha kRSNa nadI, 283, 284, 285, 319, 357 khalatsa gAmano. kAnarA jIllo, 286. khAravela rAjA, (232), 232, 239, 24, 242, kAlikasUri, 12 (12) 13, 43. 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 255, kAzI, 338. 256, 257, 258, 259, 267, 261, 262, kAzimaranI gAdI, 69, 174. 263, (264) 265, 266 (267) 267, pati, 128. 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 276 kAra, 21, 34, 66, 72, 73, 74, 76, 80, 82. (276) (278) 279 (279) (280) 281, kAnsi , (25). 282, 283, 284, (284) 286, 287, kuNAla, 23, 136. 288, 291, 293, 294, 295, 297, 29, kuNika, 231 (237) (238) ra99 (299). * 300, 301, 303, 304, 306, 308, 309, kumAraguptaH vikramAditya trIjo, 79, 221. 310, 312, 315, 316, 317 (317) 319, kumAragupta, 222. 320 (340) 341, 342, 343, 348, kumArapAla rAjA, 230. 349, 350, 351, (51) 35ra, 353, kumArI parvata, (307) (278) 304, 357 354, 355 (355) 356, 358 361, kamArilabhaTTa, 331. 362, 363, 364, (364), 365, 366, kusthana, 105. (367), 368, 372 kuzasthaLa, 234. khaMbhAta urphe re 8 (9). kuzAna vaMza avathA kuzAna vaMzI-5, 42, 50, 54, taMbAvaTI nagarI , 1 99, 127, 132134, 144, 161, 173, khaMDagIrI pahADa, (77) 304, 323, (329) 175, 21, 223, 224, 225, 338,

Page #449
bhArata ] gaI vidyA, ra. gardabha zabdane| artha, (8). gadharUpaH gaMdharvasenaH darpaNa, 3, (4) 4, 7, 8, 12, ga 25, 30, 43, 53. ga`bhIla, (3) (9) 19, 13, 33, 11. gardabhIla vaMza, 2, 3, 4, 45, 54, 73, 78, 79. gayA zahera. 263 (277) gvAlIara, 331, 33 3. gvAlIarapati, 333 (334). giranAra parvata girinagara, (25), 217, 219, 220, 324. gRhavaSa~na, 222. gupta saMvata, 95, 149. guptavaMzI, 42 (44) 78, 94, 127, 221, 233, 330, 331 (334). golakAMDA, 295. gautama indrabhUti, 26. 6, 8, 9, (9) (21) guptavaMzI vikramAditya-jIe vikramAditya guptavaMzI~~~ gAdAvarI nadI, 233, 234, 243, 244, 249, 283, 284, 347, 357. geApAla, 20. gopIcaMdarAjA, (4). gArviMdadAsa, 331. goradhanagiri, 294, 295, 298. gothiMgara pahADa, (277) 356 zu? ane karyAM? gautamIputra zAtakaraNI, 6, 67, 73, 107, 370 gautamIputra staMbha 370, 371 gautama buddha, 230. gaMgA nadI, 291, 293, 357 gaMgA nadInI nahera, 244. gaMjAma jIllA, 240, 245. guMdAnA zilAlekha jue zilAlekha guMdAnA guMdA gAma, 220. gAMDAkAranema, 132, 139, 140, (6) 42, 50, 54, 124, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat tha meSa rAjA ra. dhyametika, 15, 152, 174, 186, 187, 191, 193, 223. " ca rAg kSatrapa vaMzI, 5, 6, (44) 55, 99, 152, 175, 176, 183, 186, 188, 191. 193, 194, 198, 199, 200, 202, (23) 27, 216, 219, 220, 222, 224, 233. caNu saMta jIbhe saMvata ca-- zaka caNu prazna vaza 23 160, 161, 165, 184, 187, 203, 224 223, 233, 330, cANakaya paMDita, 257, 298, 363, 364, 365. cInAkha nadI, 3para, (365. cInura, 285. cIkA sarAvara vALA pradeza, 243, 245 (245) 292, 293, 346. sujhukAnaMda, 286. ceTaka, 299. ceta nAmanA lakA, 241. cetiyala, 266. cedIvaMza, 229, 231 (231) 232 (232) 233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 24, 241, 242, 212, 266, 201, 283, 366, 367, 36 8. 332, 347, cedI nAmanA leAkeA, (231). cedI deza, 231 (231) (232) 232, 233, 234, 235, 245, 252, (300). cedI rAjAe, (231) 235. cedI pati, 233, 238, 240; 241. cedI saMvata, jIe saMvata cedI-- cerA rAjya 356 coTIlA parvata, 219. ceAlA rAjya, 238, 249, 366. ceAlApati. 249, 297, 354, 366. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM? ane kyAM ? [ prAcIna calAjha, (286) 295, 300. 277, 290, 300, 301, 343, 351, caulukya vaMza, (4) 79. 355, 357, 358, 361. caulukaya vaMzI vikramAditya 1. 79. jInamUrti, pArzvanAthanI, 248, 249. ,, ,, , bIje 79. jIrAvalA. (303). caMDa pradyota, 23, 29. chavadamana, 191, 199. caMDa rAya, 238, 24, 248. svAmI chavadAmana, 191. caMdragupta pahele, 22, 27, 69, 70, 189, 213, jIrNadurgaH junAgaDha (25) 218. 215, 218, 19, 220, 221, 232, 240, junAgaDhanA zilAlekho-juo zilAlekha junAgaDhanA. 257, 266, 268 (278) (ra79) (291) zuSka, 162. 298 (39) 310, 312, 315, 316, 332, jukapura, 163. 348, 363, 364, 365, 366. jaina dharma, 44). 371, 2, 373 caMdragupta bIje, 40, 67, 79, 221. caMderI zahera, 235. resTrIana dharma 264 caMpA nagarI 235, (36) 237. caMpApurI, (25) 339. cAMdA, 285. DamITa rAjA, 259, 260, 261, 277, 94, 25. DImeTrIasa, 124, 139, 259, 260, 294, 25, 296, 298. chattIsagaDha chelle, 244, 245. chattIsagaDhanuM rAjaya, (231) 234. tAmIla bhASA 355 choTAnAgapura, 234. tanasulIya nagarI, 243, 291, 293, (317) , pradeza 288. jagannAthapurI, 243, 245, (245) 246, (32) talIlAno zilAlekha-juo zilAlekha talIlAne 322, 323, (324) 324, 327, 328 tIrthaMkaranA nirvANasthAna (25) 329; 330, 337, 338, 339. tIrahuta staMbha 371 jabalapura, 235, (36). * tuAra jAtInA kSatrapa, 10. jarAsaMdha prativAsudeva, 337. tupasa athavA pu5, 214 jagannAthanI mUti, 320, 322, 323, 326, 327 telugu bhASA 355 329, 331, 341, (341) 340 373 toramANa. 74, 5. 177, 211 (21) 222. jayadamana, 186, (187) 191, 226, 206, 224. tasalIya nagarI (293) jasadaNane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha jasadaNane taMbAvaTI nagarI 8, (9) jAgauDA-ghelI, 240. tAjera (300) jAvaDazAha, 51. tuMgabhadrA. 224 jAvA 356 tramara deza, 300. jAlaiMka, 150, 124, 135. trikaliMga, 237, 300, 345, 346, 347, 348, jInamUti; kaliMganI, 243, 244, 247, 270, 355, 358, 359, (359) 360, 36. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #451
bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kayAM? trikaliMgAdhipati, 229, 236, 244, 355, 360 dhaulI jAgI 25, (240) 46 tricinApallI, (300). dhaulI jAgaupA zilAlekha-juo zilAlekha dhaulI triratna cita, 327 (327) 328, 329. jAgauDAno. tripurI pradeza, 235, 236, (236). trakuTaka vaMza, 222, 233. raikuTakAjha, (233) nahapANu mahAkSatrapa, 2, 8, 9, (9) 25, 41, 2, 199200, 247, 370 nahapANu staMbha 370, 371 darpaNa gaMdharvasena, 2, 3, 4 (4, 8, 12, 25, 37, naravAhana rAjA, 41. 43, 53. nAIla, 3, 7. dazaratha rAjA, 254, 255, 331. nAgadazaka, 238. dazarathane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha dazarathane. nAganIkA rANI, 255, (284) 285. dakSiNa hiMda, 228, 229 ne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM. dadhivAhana, 229, 234, 228, 239. nAsika, 250, 284, 285, 354 dahalamaMDaLane pradeza, 235. [, ne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM dAnyadakI, 187. dAmajadathI pahela, 191. nAsikanI guphAo 370, (30) , bIja, 191. nAhaDa, 3, 7, 55. , trIje, 191. nimAra challe 235. dAmasena, 191, 222. nepAla, 316. dAmodara nadI, 347. (zrI) nemInAtha, 220. nijhAmI pradezavALo mulaka, 250. devaTTIgaNi kSamAzramaNa nAmanA AcArya, 86, 87. devaNaka, 53. naMda saMvata, juo saMvata naMda. devapALa, 15. naMda vaMza, 239, 268, 2%, (316). devazakti vikramAditya, 79. , naMdivardhana, naMda pahele, 23, (24) 238, (28), daMtapura. 243, 245, (245) 242, 243, 244, 247, 148, 249, 250, dvArakA ) 267, 273, 274, 288, 289, (289) dvArikA 335, 338, 339. 301, (302), 338, 341, 246. dhArAvatI ) naMda bIje 230, 249, 257, 273, (289) 352, 354 dhanakaTaka, 317, 318, 319, 348. naMda AThame athavA ) 249, 258, (258) 259 dhanezvarasUrizvarajI 70. bRhaspatimitra athavA ) 267, 264, 265, 266, bRhaspatirAja ) 268, 270, 276, 294, dharaNakeTa, 318. dharasena, 222. 295, 301, 355. dharmarAja : khAravela-juo khAravela. naMda navame, 268 (280) 315, 355, 363, 365. dharmAditya, 3, 4, 5, 48, 50. naMda rAjA, 278, 281, 284, 286, 287, 289, dhruvasena rAjA, 219. 721, 352, (355) 52 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zuM? ane kayAM ? [ prAcIna (317), 318, 321 (322) (325) 334, paTaNA (302). (337), 362, 363 371. pataMjalI mahAzaya, 255, 265, 25, rahe. priyadarzinano zilAlekha,juo zilAlekha priyadarzinane. patelI, 246. puSpapura, 22, 23, (23) 24, 25, padmAvatI rANe, 229, 234, 239. pupaka, 20. pazaansa, 203. purI le, 235, 243. paramAra vaMza, 79, 221. puliMda jAtIne mulAka, (235). palava rAjya ane rAjAo, 249 295, 297, pulumAvI. 318. 317, 347, 354, 366. pu5gIrI parvata, 323, (323). 59lavAjha (286). pulumAvIne zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM. pahalavapati, 298 purUSayuga 283. pavitezvara, 363, 364, 365. puSyamitra, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257 pahabrAjha, 203, (204) 238. 258, (258) 259, 267, 261, 262, parihAra vaMza, 79. 263, 264, 266, 269, 296, 301, 308 pATaliputra, 27, (25) 248, 249, (256) 257, (20) (367). (258) 262, 263, 301 (302) 318, pezAvara, 23. (18), 341. piThaNa (284) 285. pAtaladeza, 35ra. paMcAsare-jagannAtha, (303) pAtika; kSaharATa ane bekaTrIana rAjAne sUbA, 124, paMDharapura, 337. pAtikano zilAlekha-juo zilAlekhamAM. pAMDayA, 238. pAvApurI (25) 339. pAMya rAjya ane rAjAo-249, 250, 300 304, pAthaansa, 203. 317, 347, 354, 366. pAlaka rAjAnuM rAjya, (30) pAMDayAjha, 286. pAiilasa, 246. pAMDuvAsa. 297. pArzvanAtha pahADa, 247, 248, 302, 321. pIMgaLA rANuM, 35. pArvatIya pradeza, 240, (240). pratihAra vaMza, 79. (bI) pArzvanAtha 373 prativAsudeva, jarAsaMdha 337. pArzvanAthanI mUrti, (302) 303, 334, 338. prasenajIta (48) 305; punarvamana, 263. pRthvIna, 191. purI-janannAtha, 338. phaledhi, 303. piyu zahera | 200 badanAma: ajJAta, 20, 22. pritUkadarbha, 245. badAmInA maMdira, (335). priyadarzina, 17, (25) 105, 135, 213, 217, baramAM 356 219, 235, (240), (246), 248, 252, baLarAma che. 255, (264) 265, 269, 270, (277) baLabhadra } 324, 329, 332, 336, ? (278) (292) (283) 303, (307) 313, bappabhaTTasUri, 222, 331.

Page #453
bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kayAM? ja bennakaTako (31). bejA, (31). baramA, 361. bhuvanezvarI pahADa, (277). bardavAna, 346, 347. bhikhkharAja athavA khAravela, 249, 250, 2para, bastara rAjyane pradeza, (231) 234, 24, 245. 278 (278) 31ra tathA jue khAravela zabda. bAlAsara, 346. bhagavarmana, 222. bIrAra deza, 258 (284). bhojakaTa deza, ra35. bIbIsAra, 318. bhejadeva (paramAravaMzI), 80. bilAsapura jIlA, 234. ,, (parihAravaMzI), 80, 93 (93) (330). budelakhaMDa, 235. buddhadeva, (245) (272). magadha ane magadha rAjya, 222, 236, 237, 238, bekaTrIana prajA, 124. 243, 244, 248, 249, 254, 256, 257, besanagara, 22, 29, 218. 277, 280, 291, 292, 193, 299, 303, 316, 337, 364, 366. magadhapati, 232 (22) 233, 237, 208, 244, benAtaTanagara, 285, 318. 256, 257, 258, 263, 270, 279,280, bejhavADA, 319. 301, 321, 338, 346, 364, 365. beramadeva zahera, (231) (234). mathurA, 26 0 (20) 294, 25, 26, 298, bauddhadharma 158 (202) 265. 335, 339. , saMvata, juo saMvata bauha. madhurA (madurA), (260) 296, 317, 354, 355. aMgadeza, 35, 346, 347. maNIpura, 245. baMgadhAra nadI, 347. mathurAno zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha mathurAne. bRhaspatirAja, bahaspatimitra athavA naMda AThama, mathurApati, 125, 174, 224. juo naMda AThama. mayuradhvaja, 365. bahariya, (48). malayaketu urSe makaradhvaja, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367. bhaTTAraka, 221. maleccha prajA, 164. bhadrabAhu, 266, 309, 310 (310),312, 315, 316 mahA nadI, 243, 245, 332, 346. bhadrAvatI nagarI athavA bhadrezvara, 220. mahAvijaya nAmanuM maMdira, 316, 317, 318, 19, bhadAmana, 192, 220. 357 (357), 361. bhartuharI, 4 (4), 5, 7, 35, 47. mahendrakumAra, 319. mahAvIra caitya, 45. bhArata, 26, 205. mahAkSatrapa ca9Na, juo caSaNa mahAkSatrapa. bhAgavata purANa, 3. e nahapANuM, , nahapANu , bhAIla, 3, 7. bhAgalapura, 346. mahAvIra saMvata, juo saMvata mahAvIramAM. bhisA, 19, 22, 24, 28, 29, 218. malayalI rAjya, 356. bhUmaka, 55, 62, (16), 187. mahAsena, 29. bhuvanezvara, 324, 325, 329 (330) 335, mahAvIra, 24, 28, 29, (248), 277, (278) (341) (349), (279), (291), (292), (301, 30, 37 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ya 28 zuM ? ane kayAM? [ prAcIna mahAkAla, 229, 234, 235, 236 (239). maMgerI, 82. mahAkezalapati, 240. maMDanamitra, (331). mahA medhavAhana, 229, (30) 231, 232, 236, muMDatala, 320. 238, 239 (239) 240, 24, 276, muMda, 231, 234, 248. 282, 283. mahArathI saradAra, 284. yayAti kezarI, 323, 330, 331, 335, 341 (341) mAdhavasena, 5, 35, 48, 49, 50, para, 54. yayAtinagara, juo rAjapurI. mAdhavAditya, 7, 48. yavanarAjA elekajhAMDara, 22. mALavA, (44) 91, 235. yavanaprajA, 203. mAlava saMvata, juo saMvata mAlava. yavana saradAra, 139, 259. mAlavapati, 323, 329, 330, 331. yazodAmana pahele, 191. mAlavikA kuMvarI, 258. , bIje, 191, 220. mAlava prajA, (30). , navame, 222. mAdraprajA, 35ra. yazodharmA mAlavapati, 74. mAjha-makAjha, 35ra. yazodharmana, (4) 79, 81, 2, (330) 331. mAnastaMbha, 334, 335 (335). yazovarmana, 222. mANukyAlano zilAlekha, juo zilAlekhamAM. yakSavasatI nAme zrI mahAvIranuM caitya, 5. mInenDara, 55, 124, 129, 296. yajJazrI gautamIputra, 366. mitrArtimAkSarI-257. yajJazrInA zilAlekha, (318) juo zilAlekhamAM miTeDeTasa, (13) yugapurANa, 19. mIdanAra, 346. mihirala, ja, 130, (21) rarara. yutheDInesa, 124, 139, 260, 296. yudhiSThIra saMvata, juo saMvata yudhiSThIra. mulavAsara, 220. mulavAsara (mulatezvara)ne zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha canaprajA, 164 (203) 203. mulavAsarane. murzidAbAda, 346. rAjagRhI, 256 (256) 257, 262, 277, 294, mulAnaMda, 286. 299, 300, 304, 318, 323, musi, 285. rAjamahendrI, 245. megesthanIsa, 254, 366. rAjapurI ke yayAtInagara, 25. mejhIjha, 124, 129, 141, (203). rAjanagara, 202. mohanajADera, (17). , rAjasUya yajJa, 293, 294. mauryavaMza, 25, 219, 270, (316) 330, 372. rAjIvrala, 124, 203. mauryaprajA, 230. rANI baLazrI, 6, 370. mauryarAjA, 232, 320. rAyapura jIle, 234. maurya saMvata, juo saMvata maurya. rASTrakaTavaMza, 79. marIgusa, 50, 54, 69, 145. rUdradAmana pahele, 6, 185, 191, 199, 20, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #455
bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kyAM? 29, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, vAsudeva zrIkRSNa, 337. 218, 224. vAsupUjya, 339. rUdradAmana bIje (svAmI), 191. vikrama caritraH dharmAditya, 4, 5 (7) (42). rUsena pahelo, 191. vikramAditya zakAri, 3 (4), 5, 7 (7), 9, 21, , bIje, 191. 32, 33, 34, 30, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, , trIjo (svAmI), 149, 191. 48, 63, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 77, 78, cethe, 191. 81, 2, (333) (334). rUddhasiMha pahele, 191. vikramAditya 1lo cAlukyavaMzI, 79. , bIja, 192, 220. 2 , 79. , trIjo (svAmI), 149, 191. vikramAdityaH devazakti, 79. rUddhasiMha pahelA zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha rasiMhano vikramAdityaH yazodharmanaH zilAditya; vikalpa, 70, 82, rUdradAmanane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha rUdradAmanane. 92; vaLI juo hRNAri vikramAditya. rUSabhadatta, 2, 8, (9), 13, 14, 41, 53. vikrama saMvata, juo saMvata vikrama rUpanAthane khaDaka lekha, 235 (236). vikramasiMha } 34, 6, 7. lAlaka, (351) 351. vikramAditya pahelo (caMdragupta pahelo) (guNavaMzI), liaka, 124. 79, 127, licchavI, ra95. vikramAditya bIje (caMdragupta bIje) guptavaMzI,74, 79 laikika saMvatsara, juo saMvatsaramAM. vikramAditya trIje (guptavaMzI) , (kumAragupta) } } 09. vakagrIva rAjA, (294)353, 363, 364, 365,366 vijayanagara, 245. vAsvAmI AcArya, 50. viSNugupta, 214. valabhIpura, 221. vijayasena, 191. valabhI rAjya, 352. vimalagiri zatruMjya parvata, 220, 240. * vaMza, 79. vizvasena, 220. vajhIrA pradeza, 35ra. vidarbhadeza, (231) 234, 235, 241. vardhamAna kumAra, (248). viSNu bhagavAna, (245). vardhamAnapurI, 246. viMdhyAparvata, 6. vaziSTha urphe juSka, 55, 128, 129, 135, 15ra, vimalavasahi, (324). 166, 168, 170, 172, 194, 198, 223. viSakanyA rANI, 365. vakane zilAlekha, juo zilAlekha vIkane. vIradAmana, 191. vaziSThaputra zAtakaraNI, 6. vidizA, 19, 22, 24 (24) 28, 29, 218, 259 varADa jIllo, 283. vizAlAnagarI, 22, 23 (23) (299). vAkapatirAja, 222, 331. varaMguLa, 285. vAsudeva pahele 128, 129, 135, 177, 181, 224. vema kaDakasIjha, juo kaDakasIjha bIje vAsavadattA, 23, veNu nadI, 284. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #456
30 vedhazALA ujainanI, 39, 40, vena, 281, 282. vairAcaka ke vairAcana 353, 364. vaibhAragiri, vaitaraNI nadI, 347. vaizAlInagarI, (299). vaMgadeza, 347. vaMzadeza, 230, (231) 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 2473, 244, 245, 347, 365. vaMzavardhana, 282. vRddhirAja, 242, 244, 249, 250, 252, 262, 208, (278) 282, 297, 312, 345, 353. za zakaDALa pradhAna, (310) 315, 355. zakAra vikramAditya, jIe vikramAditya zakAra. zaka saMvata, jIe saMvata zamAM. zakaprajA ane tenuM rAjya, 3, 5, 13, 16, 22, 52, 73, 75, 203. zatrujya, 41, 11, (324) 220. vela, 20. zazAMka rAjA, 263. zAketa ke zAkala, (296). zAtakaraNI, 321, 316. zrutavAhana vaMza, 283, (284). zAtakaraNI vaziSThaputra, 6, 366. "" khIjo, 6, 22, 27, gAtamIputra, 6, 67, 73, 107. '' '' zuM? ane kayAM ? 286, 370. zAlIvAhana, (297). sAtavAhana vaMza, 36, 54, 73, 229, 233, 250, (292), (271), (354), 370. zAlivAhana zakAA, 72. zAtakaraNI, pulumAvI, 212, 761. zAlizuka, priyadarzinane sUkSmA, 215, 331. zAtakaraNI zrImukha, 250, (50), 253, 254, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ prAcIna 255, 256, 261, (262), 266, (271), 283, 284, (284), (286), 297, 354. (354), 364, (364). 366, 370. zilAlekha kuzAnavaMzanA, (203). ayamane!, (203). "" khalatta gAmanA, (203). kanherIne, 211, 212. udayagira pahADanA, 69. IsApuranA, 223. ArAne, 224. " "" 19 ,, 27 "9 22 "" . '. 37 " " " ' 19 ' ,, 93 ' ,, >> .. .. "1 '' azAkanA, (324). guMdAnA (rUdrasIMha pahelAnA), (216), 219. junAgaDhaneA ( " ) (216). jasadaNunA, (216), 219. nAsikanA, 254, 255. dazarathanA, 254. nAganikA rANInA kAtarAvelA, 253, 254. pAtikanA, (203). priyadarzinanA, 211, 219, 244, 246. 248, 252, 255, (264), 266, (276), 285, (293), 303, (313), (316), 321, (321), (322). mathurAnA, 168, 171, 177. 223, 224. baiAlIAgauDAvALA, (323), (238), (349). mulezvara-mulavAsara, rUdrasena pahelAnA, (216). yajJazrInA, (318). rUdradAmananA, 193, 203. rUpanAcanA, 235, (236). mANIkayAlanA, 2237. takSiAnA, 68, 76, (203), (279). vakanA, 168, 171, 172, 224, sAranAthanA, 223. zudarzana taLAvane, 6, 213, 215, 217. hAthINuMkAnA, (221), (232), (239), 241, 242, 244, 247, 250, 252, 255, 256, 257, 259, 262, 263, 264, (264), 26, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #457
bhAratavarSa ] zuM? ane kyAM? 267, 269, 271, 273, 24, 276, (277), sametazIkhara, 25, 239, 240, (24), 247, 279, 280, (280), (291), 306, 315, (278), 321 316, 316. 318, 323, (337), 341, 343, samudragupta, 210. 345, 346, 347, 348, (348), 349. 350, sAtakaraNI, 282, 283, 285, 286. 352, 353, (354), 355, 357, (363). sAketa pradeza, 296. 36 6, 368, 371, 373. sAlema, (300). zistAna, 17. sorisare, (303). zizunAgavaMza, (248), 270. sAranAthane zilAlekha. juo zilAlekha sAranAthane. zizapAlarAjA, 235. silena, 262. " pati, 262. zilAditya-juo vikramAditya devazakti. siddhasena divAkara, 222, 233, (333), 334, 336. zaka, 34, 66, 89, zuMgavaMza, 24, 25, 124, 252, 253, 255, sucanA, 5, 49, 51, 238. suratha rAjA, 238, 272. 263, (284), 301, 330, (334). suvarNarekhA nadI, 243, 244, 245. zaMgabhatyA, surasena, (26). suvihAra, 150. sthULIbhadrajI, (291), 310, (31), 315, zukrAditya, 7, 35, 47. 316, (316). zobhanarAya, 238, 242, 248. sugAMgeya, 301. zaMkarAcArya, 331. sIkaMdarazAha, 17. zaMku, 5, 32. sIthIansa, 16. zaMkhezara, (303). sudarzana taLAva, 6, 213, 215, 217, 218. zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha, 337. subhadrA, 327, 329, 332. zrImukha zAtakaraNI. juo zAtakaraNI zrImukha. " nI mUrti, 336. zrIkala, 246. sedI, cedI jAtI, 235. zreNIka rAjA, 230, 231, 232, 236, 237, saMDAsa, 124, (203). (36), 318. sona nadI, 249. zrIyakajI, 315. saurASTra, 6, (9), 41, 87, 189, 218. zravaNa belagoLa, 310. saMkIsA pIlara, 371. zrI kRSNa, 327, 329, 332, 333, 335, 337. saMvatsaranI sthApanA, 2, zrI kRSNa maMdira, 335, 336. saMvata kuzAna, 106, 205, 223. zrI kRSNa vAsudeva, 337. sane IsvIsana, 106, 109, 111. saMvata gupta, 95, 189. satyadAma, 191. " cakaNa, 91, 95, 106, 12, 193, 205, satalaja, 261, 296 (330). 220, 223. staMbhana, (303). " cedI, 64, (231, 233, 234, 21, samudrataTa, 244, 272, 273, 274, 345,

Page #458
s 32 zuM? ane kayAM? [ prAcIna savata naMda, 267, 268, 270, (270), 287. svAmI siMhasena, 191. " bauddha, 106, 107. sumAtrA, 356. " mahAvIra, (61), 64, 106, 107, 111, 27ra, ra74. 288, 289, 245. " mAlava, 65, 8, 90, 95, 106, 107. hagAma, hagomAsa, 124. " maurya, 267, (67), 268, 269, 70, 287. " " nA sikkAo, (203). " yudhiSThira, 60. harSavardhana, 75, 221, 222. " laukIka, 60. haDALA tAmrapaTa, 219. " vikrama, 21, (21), 33, 34, 37 (62), hAthIguMphAno zilAlekha. juo zilAlekha hAthIguphAne. - 64, 78, 95, 101, 106, 109, 111. haThIzAha urphe haThIsiMha, 351, (351). * zaka, 2, 50, 65, 88, 91, 95, 97, 99, hayuena bhAMga, 341. 101, 103, (103), 106, 107. duri vikramAditya, 70, 82, 92. " kSaharATa, 67, 64, 95, 106. huSkapura, 162, 163. saMtrIjI nAme kSatriya jAtI, 230. * dUNajAtI, 75, 12, 122, 138, 21, (rara1), saMbalapura challe, 235, 243. 222. sAMcIne zilAlekha. juo zilAlekha sAMcIne. haviSka, 55, 128, 129, 134, 135, 151, sAMcI nagara ) ra2, 155. 153, 162,169, 170, 176, 174, 198. " pradeza I 218, 272, 333, 336, 339. zaMgAbAda cho, 235. sAMcI stUpa, 218, (327), 328. siMhaprastha. siMhapura ) sihapura nagara [ 245, (245). 308. kSaharATa. prajA, 41, 94, 124, 203. siMdhulA rANI, ra8, 307, (350), 351. kSaharATa bhUmaka, 55, 62, (160), 187. siMdhu saivirapatI, (279). laharATa saMvata. juo saMvata kSaharATa. siMdha deza, (17). kSemarAja, (230), 231, 232, (232), 225, sidhdhapati, (334). 236, 238, 239, (239), 242, 243. siMhaladvIpa, 238, 250, 22, 280, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 148, 249, 252, 297, (355). 272, 278; (278), 282, 301, 321, svAmI chavadAmana,191. 332, 35, 366. " satyasiMha, 191. harATa, 270. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #459
A graMtha viSe maLelA abhiprAya (1) hamake atIva saMteSa haA. baheta samayase hama jIsa cIja ke cAhate the Aja vahI hamArI daSTi meM AI. Isame je je varNana dIyA hai, ca vistRta graMthameM prakAzita have te, hamArI mAnyatA hai kI jainasAhityameM eka apUrva prAthamika aura mAlika ItihAsakA AvirbhAva hegA. Isake paDhane jaina dharmanI prAcInatA ke viSameM je kucha jama janatAmeM paDA rahA hai, vaha dUra he jAyagA. Isa liye yaha apUrva graMtha jitanI jaladI prakAzita have utanA hI arachA hi; sAtharma hama jaina ora jainetara kula sajajane ke yaha salAha dete hai ki Isa graMthakI eka eka nakala Apa apane pustaka saMgrahameM avazyameva saMgrahita kare koMki yaha graMtha kevaLa jaina ki prAcInatA siddha karatA hi, ItanAhI nahIM, sAthameM bhAratavarSanI prAcInatA ko bhI siddha karatAha. Isa lIe graMthakA je nAma rakhA gayA hai vaha bIlakula sAthe che. vahubhavijaya pAlaNapura nyAyanidhi jainAcArya zrImadvijyAnaMdasUrijIkA paTTadhara (2) bhAratavarSanA ItihAsanA saMkSiptasAranI pustikA 44 prakaraNavAlI vAMcatAM ema mane lAge che ke atyAranI jaina bALaprajA te viSayamAM potAnI pharaja samajatI thAya tema A pustaka upayogI thaze. amadAvAda vijayanItisUri (3) pustakanI rUparekhA darzAvatuM pemphaleTa maLyuM che. tenI rUparekhA jotAM pustaka ati mahattavanuM thaze ane e satvara prakAza pAme e vadhAre IcchavA gya che. pATaNa pravartaka kAMtivijayajI tamoe ItihAsa mATe ghaNo saMgraha karyo che. tame tamArA hAthe samAjane je kAMI ApI jazo te bIjAthI maLavuM duHzakaya che, eTale A kAma tamoe je upADayuM teja sarvathA samUcita che. AvA graMthanI atIva agatya che, A graMtha jema jaladI bahAra paDe te keziSa karavA saprema sUcana che. dilahI | muni darzanavijayajI (jena sAhityanA eka samIkSaka) .. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #460
prayAsa stutya che ane etihAsika zodhaka buddhi tathA uhApoha karavAnI paddhati suMdara che. A pustakathI ghaNIka bAbatene bhrama dUra thaI zakaze. A navIna prakAzathI huMka prApta thAya tevuM ghaNuM sacoTa purAvAovALuM lakhANa che. eTaluM ja nahI paNa aneka zilAlekhe, sikkAo ane prazastionI madada laI vivecana thayeluM dekhAya che. kaccha-patrI | muni lakSamIcaMda zrI mahAvIra ane zrI buddha banne samakAlIna hatA te bAbata jaina lekhako ane Itara paradezI vidvAne sahamata che. ahiMsA tattvano pracAra paNa teoe lagabhaga ekaja kSetramAM karyo che. chatAM dilagIrI jevuM e che ke keTalAMka sthAnomAM je avazeSo maLI AvyAM che te mahAtmA buddhanAMja kahevAya che, jyAre mahAvIranAM avazeSo vize ApaNe taddana aMdhakAramAM ja chIe. sadabhAgye . tri la. zAhe A bAbata varSo thayAM hAtha dharI che ane pArzvanAthanA samayathI AraMbhIne eka hajAra varSane itihAsa saMzodhita karavA mAMDe che. te jAhera kare che ke zrI mahAvIra samapita thayela ghaNA avazeSo ApaNI yAtrAnA sthaLa mAge mojuda paDela che. jenI bhALa haju sudhI A paNa keIne nathI. emanuM kahevuM ema thAya che ke zrI mahAvIranA jIvana mAMhenA keTalAye banAvanAM sthAna, vartamAnakALe je manAtAM AvyAM che tenA karatAM anya sthaLe hevAnuM sAbita thaI zake che. jo temaja hoya te DaoN. zAha saMpUrNa khAtrI dharAve che ke temaja che; te te jarUra jaina ItihAsamAM eka krAntikAra yuga ubhuM thaze ane vizArada ane anya kAryakartAone te kSetramAM vizeSa abhyAsa karavAne pUratI sAmagrI maLI kahevAze. gulAbacaMdajI kR. ema. e. zrI. je. ke. nA janarala sekreTarI ane umedapura pAzva AzramanA : pavarathApaka . (7) pustaka taddana navuM daSTibiMdu khele che ema samajAya che. tame e pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM ghaNe zrama lIdhe lAge che. kRSNalAla mohanalAla jhaverI muMbaI dIvAna bahAdura; ema. e. ela ela bI. (gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA pramukha) (8) . hAlamAM temaNe e graMthanI saMpUrNa hakIkatanuM hastapatra bahAra pADayuM che. te uparathI tenA mahattavane sAro khyAla maLe che. graMthanA mAlIsa parichede karelA che. ane Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[3 temAM eka hajAra varSano ItihAsa, sAdI, saraLa ane rasamaya bhASAmAM Apela che. bhAratavarSanA prAcIna ItihAsane Avo moTe graMtha keIpaNa bhASAmAM nathI. prAcIna samayamAM pravartI rahelA vaiidika, baddha ane jaina dharma saMbaMdhI te vakhate cAlatI, rAjA, amAtya athavA pradhAna maMDaLanI vyavasthA ane baMdIkhAnAM, grAmya sudhAraNa, paMcAyata, vidyAlaya, vyApAra, khetI vigere saMsthAo saMbaMdhI hakIkata vistArapUrvaka ApelI che, ane te ghaNuM bAdhaka che. eTale A graMtha ghaNo zrama laI tathA ghaNAM pustakanA asala AdhAra, zilA ane tAmralekhe, sikakA vagere joI AdhArabhUta gaNI zakAya tevuM banAvyuM che. sarva rIte uttejanane pAtra che ema mane lAge che. jana samAjanA, vidvAnonA, vidyAlayonA ane rAjA mahArAjanA Azraya vagara Avo maTe graMtha prasiddhimAM mU azakya che. tethI tenI sArI saMkhyAmAM nakale levAnuM AzvAsana ApI temanA taraphathI graMthakartAne utsAha ane uttejana maLaze evI AzA che. vaDodarA geviMdabhAI hA. dezAI bI. e. ela. ela. bI. nAyaba dIvAna De. vi. la. zAhe aneka navAM daSTibiMduo AdhAra sAthe A pustakamAM raju karyA hoya ema jaNAya che. azoka ane caMdragupta saMbaMdhI temanAM maMtavya ItihAsanI dunIAmAM viplava karAve evAM che. pustakano vistAra paNa khUba che. AzA rahe che ke AdhArasthaLone nirdeza paNa temAM thaze ja. saMpUrNa anukramaNikAnI eTalI ja AvazyakatA gaNAya. A pustaka pragaTa thatAM eka agatyanI jarUriyAta pUrI pADavAnuM dhArI zakAya che. ItihAsanA zekha vadhato jAya che, evA samayamAM A pustaka gujarAtI sAhityamAM moTI beTa pUrI pADaze evAM cihno sadara haratapatramAM spaSTa jaNAya che. lohAra sTrITa, motIcaMda giradharalAla kApaDIA manahara bilDIMga, muMbaI bI. e. ela. ela. bI. solIsITara (10) ItihAsanA anabhijJane paNa prathama dRSTie ja vadhAvI levA gya lAge evuM A graMtha prakAzananuM sAhasa che. ItihAsa pratyenI lokacI aNakhIlI ane vidyAvikAsa karatI saMsthAo pramAda, pakSapAta athavA nidhanatAne bhegA thaI paDI che, tevA saMjogonI vacce AvA graMthonuM jokhama lenAra prathama kSaNe ja sahunAM abhinaMdana mAMgI haye che. A sAhasa pAchaLa graMthakAranA jIvananI pacIsa varSanI prakhara sAdhanA che. TIpaNe, samayAvaLI, vaMzAvaLI, viSaya zodhavAnI cAvI vigere ApIne eka bAjue lekhake AkhA viSayane vidvadabhogya banAve che ne bIjI bAju bhASAzailI saraLa, gharagaththu, kaMIka vArtA kAnane maLatI rAkhavAthI graMtha vidvatAne eka khUNe ja na paDI jAya te banyo che. muMbaI janmabhUmi (dainika patra), Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[4] (11) Aje jyAre dezane sAco ItihAsa paNa dezajane mATe durlabha thaI paDe che hiMdanA jAjavalyamAna bhUtakALa upara jANuM joIne pA~ pADI, rASTranA saMtAne samakSa hiMdanI parAdhInatA ane pAmaratAnA divasone ja ullekha karanAra videzIoe lakhelo ke prerelo itihAsa dharavAmAM Avela che, te samaye pacIsa pacIsa varSanA tapane pariNAme graMthakAre upalabdha sAdhanane banI zake teTale abhyAsa karIne I. sa. pUrve 900 thI I. sa. 100 sudhInA hajAra varSane ItihAsa ApavAne karelA prayAsa jema apUrva che tema A dizAmAM prakAza pheMkanAre che. A upayogI graMthane ItihAsanA abhyAsIo ja nahIM paNa tamAma gujarAtIo vAMcavA prerAya te Agraha karIe chIe, ane eka gujarAtI saMzodhaka vidvAnanI kadara karI pitAne zIrethI bekadarapaNane deSa dUra karavAnA prayAsa mATe gujarAtane A pustaka satkAravA yogya hevAnI khAtrI ApIe chIe. muMbaI hiMdustAna ane prajAciva (dainika patra) (12) dAktara tribhuvanadAsa zAhe bhAratavarSanA prAcIna ItihAsa para je nava prakAza pADavA tatparatA batAvI che e bhAratavarSIya dareka vyakti temaja saMsthAe abhinaMdavA yogya che. pote lakhelA ItihAsanA prakaraNonI TUMka pIchAna patrikArUpe ApIne ApaNane khUba utkaMThita banAvyA che. AvA zramapUrvaka ane ATalI vigatavALA pustakane dareka vyaktie pitAthI bane teTalI madada karavI joIe. dezabhASAmAM AvAM pustakanI atyaMta jarUra varSe tha lAgyA karatI hatI. dAktara tribhuvanadAse varSo sudhI mahenata karI tenuM eka pustaka taiyAra karyuM che. e kharekhara bahu khuzI thavA jevuM che. dareka zALA, dareka lAyabrerI ane banI zake tevI dareka vyaktie e pustaka avazya vasAvA jevuM che. hiMmatalAla gaNezajI aMjArIA ema. e muMbaI [mAjI] ejayu. InspekaTara myunIsIpala skulasa, muMbaI prInsIpAla, vimensa yunIvarasITI, muMbaI A badhI sAdhanasaMpatti uttejIta thaIne Do. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAhe hindanA prAcIna yugane ItihAsa upajAvI kADhavAne je prayAsa karela che te kharekhara stutya che. jaina ensAIkale paDaDIAne aMge bheLI karela pramANabhUta ItihAsika sAmagrIne A ItihAsa ghaDavAmAM temaNe vivekapUrvaka upayoga karela che. baMbagoLA jevA temAM dekhAtA keTalAka navA nirNayathI bhaDakIne bhAgavAne badale, hareka ItihAsapremI vidyArthI temaja abhyAsI, prema ane zraddhApUrvaka A graMthane abhyAsa karaze te mArI khAtrI che ke te Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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muMbaI yuganA itihAsanA kilaSTa ane zaMkAspada prazna upara ghaNuM navuM ajavALuM paDaze. ane ApaNe vidyArthIone ke ADe raste doratA hatA tenuM sahaja bhAna thaze. keLavaNIkhAtAM temaja pustakAlaya vigerenA adhikArIo A prayAsa tarapha sahAnubhUti darzAvaze evI AzA che. prInsa opha velasa myujhIama AcArya girijAzaMkara vallabhajI ema. e. kayureTara, ArkolojIkala selana (14) (igrejI uparathI anuvAda) 3. zAhanA prAcIna bhAratavarSa nAmanA jaMgI pustakanI saMkSipta neMdha huM rasapUrvaka vAMcI gayo chuM. ane mane khAtrI thAya che ke, te graMtha atIva upagI ane rasadAyI nIvaDaze. temaNe ghaNA navA muddA carcA che ane te sAthe bhale ApaNe sarvathA saMmata na paNa thaIe, chatAM kartAne jabbara khaMta ane baheLA vAMcanane purAve to ApaNane maLe che ja. mane saMpUrNa khAtrI che ke prAcya vidyAnA abhyAsIo tene sarvazreSTha satkAra karaze. muMbaI eca. DI. velInkAra ema. e. vilasana kaoNleja muMbaI yunIvarasITImAM jaina sAhityanA parIkSaka (aMgrejI uparathI anuvAda) jaina sAhityanA pramANika graMthamAMthI hakIkatanI saMbhALa pUrvaka je gaSaNa temaNe karI che, temAM ja A pustakanI kharI khUbI bharelI che. prAcIna itihAsamAMthI to cALI kADhavAmAM temaNe atyaMta parizrama uThAvyo dekhAya che. ane vartamAna sanmAnIta maMtavyathI temanAM anumAne je ke lagabhaga ulaTI ja dIzAmAM che, chatAM kabUla karavuM paDe che ke, temanA nirNayothI rasabharI carcA ane vivAda ubhA thaze ane temAMthI kaMI anerA lAbha prApta thaze. bI. bhaTTAcArya vaDodarA ema. e. pI. eca. DI. DIrekaTara, orIenTala InsTITayuTa hiMdanI keIe bhASAmAM te zuM paNa aMgrejImAM paNa jenI tola Ave evAM gaNatara pustaka ja haze; e badhI vastuo khyAlamAM letAM, ane itihAsanA abhyAsIo mATe je sAdhanasaMgraha AmAM mUkAyelo che te jotAM De. tribhuvanadAsanI zramazIlatA, ItihAsa saMzodhananA kSetramAM kadara karavA jevI che. A graMthamAMnA saMzodhana ane vidhAna eka yA bIjI rIte mArgadarzaka, dizAdarzaka ke prakAza pahoMcADanArAM thaI paDaze ema mAnavuM vadhAre paDatuM nathI. amadAvAda prajAbaMdhu (sAptAhika) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[6] (17) . zrI tribhovanadAsa laheracaMde hiMdustAnane prAcIna itihAsa gujarAtImAM lakhe che, je huM athathI iti sudhI vAMcI gayo chuM. tribhuvanadAsa bhAIe A itihAsa jaina, bauddha ane hiMdu sAhitya upara race che. ne temaNe te sAhitya uparAMta sikkAo, guphAo vigerenA zilAlekhe ItyAdi bahu vigatavAra joyA che. ItihAsakAroe atyAra sudhI jaina sAhityanI ane jena sAmagrInI avagaNanA karI hatI te tribhuvanadAsabhAIe karI nathI, tethI temanA lakhANamAM samagratAne guNa AvI jAya che. ane atyAra sudhI nahIM jANavAmAM AveluM sAhitya emanI kRtimAM jovAmAM Ave che. temane prayAsa jaina samAje te khAsa vadhAvI levA joIe, kAraNa temanuM sAhitya to temaNe pUrepUruM A kRtimAM upayogamAM lIdhuM che. kAmadAra kezavalAla hiMmatarAma ema. e. vaDodarA - ItihAsanA prophesara, vaDodarA keleja ItihAsanA ekajhAmInara, muMbaI yunIvarasITI (18) ensAIkalopIDIA jenIka je graMtha lakhavAno prayAsa karI rahyA che te jANuM AnaMda thAya che ane temAMthI thoDoka bhAga jude kADhI bhAratavarSane prAcIna ItihAsa e nAmanuM pustaka jaldIthI bahAra pADavA mAMge che tathA tenI zarUAtanA bhAganA phArma mane jovA tame mokalyAM che te mATe Apane upakAra mAnuM chuM. jaina sAhityane vaLagI rahI te uparathI upasthita thatAM ItihAsanAM to barAbara goThavI eka kALane itihAsa lakhavAnI tamArI taiyArI stutya che. evuM bane paNa kharuM ke brAhmaNa sAhitya ane bauddha sAhityamAM je rIte viSaya carcA che, tethI jema thoDo thoDo phera paDe che tema temanA ane jaina sAhityanA graMthomAM phera paDe che emAM kaMI asvabhAvika nathI. badhA viSayone meLavI letAM emAMthI kaMIka paNa tAtparya sAruM nIkaLaze ane ApanA e prayAsane huM kharekhara stutya gaNuM chuM. vizvanAtha prabhurAma, bAra eTa-le muMbaI bhAMDArakara orIenTala rIsarca InsTITayuTanA kAryavAhaka ola InDIA orIenTala sTeDIMga kamITInA sabhya (19) gujarAtI bhASAmAM ItihAsanA viSaya para ane teya saMzAdhana tarIke lakhAyelAM pustake AMgaLIne veDhe gaNAya eTalAM ja che. temAM DaoN. tribhuvanadAsabhAInA A bRhad graMthathI gauravabharyo umere thAya che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa e kSetramAM ene naMbara prathama gaNAya to navAI nahIM. abhyAsapUrNa AvI upagI kRti, satata parizrama Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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[1 pUrvaka taiyAra karyAM badala DaeNA. tribhuvanadAsane abhina'dIe chIe. ane IcchIe chIe ke, gujarAta, A gujarAtI prakAzananA umaLakAbhera uThAva karI lekhakane tema karavAnuM prAtsAhana Apaze. adhyayana vibhAganI zeAbhArUpa A upayAgI kRtine gujarAta tathA bRhad gujarAtanAM eke eka sAdhanasaMpanna pustakAlayanI abharAI para sthAna maLe ja maLe, prAcIna itihAsanA zekhIneA tathA abhyAsIe A graMtha ekavAra najara taLe kADhI javAne te na ja cUke. vaDAdarA pustakAlaya (mAsika) (20) prAcIna bhArata varSa (bhAga mIne) lekhaka DA. zrI. la. zAha, geAyAgeTa roDa vaDedarA, prakAzakaH zazikAnta enDa kuA. rAvapurA, TAvara sAme laDAdarA, pAkuM pUMThuM* sacitra kiMmata rU. 7-8-0 (21) AkhuM pustaka hiMdanA prAcIna itihAsa upara taddana navAja prakAza pADe che. jyAM jyAM lekhaka pote purAgAmI lekhakeAnA matathI virUddha jAya che tyAM tyAM badhe te majabUta purAvA Ape che. AkhuM pustaka vAMcavA jevuM che ane abhyAsIee manana karavA ceAgya che. bhASA saraLa ane viSayanI vastunI gahanatAne ekadama spaSTa kare tevI che. lekhaka dhaMdhe DaeNAkaTara heAi, purAtattvanA viSayane ATaleA badhA paricaya dharAve che te kharekhara dhanyavAdane pAtra tathA zAbhAspada che. temanI kRti dareka vAMcanAlayamAM javI joie. vaDAdarA 'sAhityakAra" (sarada aMka) (22) (IMgrejInA anuvAda) prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga bIjo: kartA DA. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha, vaDeAdarAH prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa kuA, rAvapurA roDa, vAdarA; pRSTho. 412+11+15+16+8 : kalAtha mAunDa rUA. 7-8-0 A nAmAMkita-nAmAMkita eTalA mATe ke vaidaka vidyAnA purUSa bhAratanA prAcIna itihAsamAM uMDA utaratA dekhAya che-graMthanA pahelA bhAganA paricaya kayAranA apAI gayA che. rasamaya pRSThAvALA A anupama pustakamAM sikkAonuM-prAcIna sikkAnuM, eTale ke prAcIna bhAratamAM te vakhate vaparAtA sikakAnuM-varNana ApeluM che. te uparAMta mArcavazanA rAjaamalanuM temaja paradezIoe-yavanAe gujArela julmanuM myAna eka vaijJAnikanI peThe ceAkasAIthI ApyuM che, sAthe joDelA anukrameA-sUcI ati upayogI che. kemake pustakanI aMdaranA vidhavidha viSayA zeAdhI kADhavAne te cAvIrUpa thaI paDe che. mADana rIvyu ( mAsika patra) kalakattA tA. 7-9-1936

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ke ! mAya vaMzanA prathama cAra zA caMdragupta, biMdusAra, azAka ane priyAzinanAM jIvana-caritrA A pustakamAM AlekhAyAM che. prAcIna zilAlekhA, sikkAo ane pramANabhUta itihAsavettAnA AdhAra ApI lekhake prAcIna itihAsanuM tadna navIja dRSTibindu raju karyuM che. dAkhalA tarIke azeka ane priyadarzina banne eka nahi paNa judI vyaktie hatI. azekanA zilAlekhA Addha dharmanA nahi paNa jaina dharmanA hatA. mA vaMzanA A cAreya rAjAonAM jIvana upara lekhake navIna prakAza kayA che. caMdragupta (sephUMkATasa)tathA pa', cANukaya urphe kaiTalya vizenI hakIkata paNa judIja rIte AlekhAi che, e vakhate jainadhama keTalA vizvavyApI hatA te pramANabhUta AdhArAthI lekhake sAbitakaryuM che. lekhake A itihAsa eTaleA te uthalAvI nAMkhyA che ke vAcakane Azcaya'mAM garakAva karI de che. mAhitI rasapUrNa che. lekhake raju karelI hakIkata vize kadAca matabheda paDe te paNa A pustakanI upayegItA viSe te e mata che ja nahi. judAM judAM citro, tenA paricaya sAthe ApavAmAM AvyAM che. prAcIna yuganA sikkAonAM citrapaTa tathA tenA viSe ApavAmAM AvelI mAhItinuM prakaraNuM ghaNuM mahattvanuM che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM AvuM suMdara upaceAgI pustaka taiyAra karavA mATe lekhakane dhanyavAda ghaTe che. vaDAdarA navagujarAta ( sAptAhika) (23) A pustakanuM kharekharUM AkaSa Nu prAcIna mA vaMzanA sikkA citronuM che. A citrAnI eka`dara saMkhyA 95 nI che. e sikkA kevA prakAranA che, tenI utpati kevI rIte thaI, te upara AvelAM cinhA dhArmika ke rAjadvArI che, cinhA kAtaravAnA hetu zuM che, vagere mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che, ane te vAMcyA bAda kahevAnI jarUra che ke sikkAo vizenI AvI mAhitI ekaja pustakamAM bahu ceADe ThekANe maLI zakaze....pustakanI bhASA, sAdI ane saraLa hAvAthI, sAmAnya abhyAsI paNa te samajI zake evuM che ane temAM AvelI aitihAsika ghaTanAe evI te rasika che ke te koI kahANI . -kissAne bhulAve teve AnaMda Ape che........mAddha dhama bhAratavarSImAM kema TakI na zakace, tenAM kAraNeA sabaMdhamAM laMbANuthI vivecana kare che ane bhArAbhAra purAvA Ape che....A pustakamAM je khAsa mahattvanI khAkhata lekhaka mahAzaye asAdhAraNa lakhAIthI carcI che te azAka ane priyadarzina mahArAjA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che.A khAmata bahu lakhANuthI carcA karIne ane saMkhyAbaMdha purAvA ApIne evA nirdeza karavAmAM mAnce che ke priyadarzina ane azeAka khanne judIja vyakti hatI. upalA zilAlekhA azArka nahi paNa priyadarzine kotarAvyA hatA, kemake te pAte jaina dharmanA hatA ane tethI teNe jainadharmanA mULa tattvarUpa e AjJAe kAtarAvI tene phelAvA karyAM hatA. mahArAjA priyadarzinanuM je caritra A pustakamAM raju thayuM che te citra tadna navInaja che.

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ane che mATe aneka purAvAo A pustakamAM mojUda che. prAcIna itihAsa-abhyAsIoe A prakaraNe khAsa vAMcavA jevAM che seMDrekeTasa caMdragupta nahi paNa tene patra azokavardhana hatuM e mATe lekhaka mahAzaye je asala lakhANane AdhAre sekeTasane caMdragupta tarIke TharAvavAmAM Avyo che te asala lakhANa raju karyuM che ane tene ja AdhAra laI , saeNkeTasa azokavardhana hato ema zabdonA artha karI ane bIjA purAvA ApI sAbita karyuM che..caMdraguptanA rAjapurohita cANakya athavA kaTilyane janmakALathI na ja ItihAsa purAvA sAthe raju karI tenA janma-maraNanAM sthAna temaja jIvana upara ane prakAza aitihAsika purAvA raju karI pADavAmAM Avyo che. A pustaka vAcatAM eka bAbata khAsa tarI Ave che te e ke prAcIna bhAratavarSanA rAjyakartAo "dharmanA siddhAnto upara khAsa dhyAna ApatA hatA ane vAraMvAra vaidika ane jaina darzana vacce gharSaNa thatuM hatuM. AvA eka saMzodhaka ane no prakAza pADanAra pustaka pragaTa karavA mATe tenA lekhaka Do. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAhane mubArakabAdI ghaTe che. tA. 30-pa-36 muMbaI samAcAra | (24). lekhake pustaka taiyAra karavAmAM lIdhela zrama ane navAM vidhAna bAMdhavA mATenI temanI paryaSaka vRtti A pustakamAM paNa pAne pAne jaNAI Ave che ane amane lAge che ke prAcIna bhAratane ItihAsa bane teTalA susaMbaMdha temaja vistRta svarUpamAM, aMgrejImAM paNa ekasapharDa ane kembrIja yunivarsiTI taraphathI aneka graMthomAM bahAra paDelA hiMdanA ItihAsa ane bIjA keTalAka gaNatara graMthe bAda karIe te, ATalAM sAdhana ane pramazIlatA pUrvaka abhyAsa karIne lakhAyelAM pustakarUpe bhAgye ja jovAmAM Avaze. prAcIna bhAratavarSanA lekhake bane tyAM sudhI chellAmAM chellI mAhitIone upayoga karyo che e jaNAI Ave che ane temanI e cIvaTa gujarAtamAM to zodhakhoLanA kSetramAM kAma karatA ghaNuAke dhaDo levA jevI che. A pustaka dvArA khAsa karIne jana ItihAsane uddhAra thaI rahyo che. emAM te zaka nathI. jaina sAdhano upayoga paNa vizeSa pramANamAM thaele che paraMtu jaina itihAsa sAthe sarva sAmAnya itihAsane paNa pUratuM mahattava apAze te tene aitihAsika daSTie lakhAyelA pustaka tarIkanuM mahattava maLaze. tA. 24-6-37 prajAbaMdhu (25) sikkAne lagatI sacitra mAhitI ane te parathI lekhake tAravelAM anumAne e A bhAganI vizeSatA che. temaja jainadharmane bAddhadharmane anugAmI balake tenA eka phAMTArUpa lekhavAmAM Ave che te yathArtha nathI paNa ethI ulaTuM ja che, grIka ItihAsamAM varNavAyale ne pracalita ItihAsamAM caMdragupta tarIke manAya sekeTasa' e caMdragupta nahi paNa tene pitra azakavardhana che, cANakya athavA kaTilyanA nAmathI oLakhAtI addabhUta vyakti 54

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[ 10 ] viSenI pracalita mAnyatA bhUla bharelI che ane e mahApurUSa brAhmaNadharmI nahi paNa jainadharmI hatA; azeAka ane priyadarzina ekaja vyakti nahi paNa bhinna bhinna vyakti hatI ane mAddhadharmI azAkane nAme caDhelI zilAlekhAne staMbhalekhAnI prItinA mAlIka jainadharmI samrATa priyadarzina che. AvIne AvI aneka pracalita aitihAsika mAnyatAone jaDamULamAMthI uthalAvI nAMkhanArI kaMI kaMI navIna khAkhatA ane kutuhala upajAvanArAM anumAna lekhake A graMthamAM dAkhalA dalIla ane pramANA sahita rajI kayA che. te hiMdunA prAcIna ItihAsa para avanavA prakAza pADavAmAM ane e viSayanA saMzeAdhanakArAne aNuukelAyalA vividha aitihAsika kAyaDA ukelavAmAM gheADeghaNe aMze paNa sahAyabhUta thaze emAM te jarAya zake nahi. julAI 1936 pustakAlaya (mAsika) (26) graMthanI zarUAtathI I. sa. pUrvenA 900thI zRMkhalAkhaddha-kaDIbaddha ItihAsanI racanA e A graMthanI viziSTatA che. lekhakeA peAtAnI mAnyatA ane nirNaya mATe sapramANa hakIkatA, zilAlekho, kathanA vigere TAMkI batAvelAM che. prAcIna zeAdhakhoLanI dRSTie A graMtha mahattvanA che---A graMthamAMnA ghaNA muddAo haju carcAspada che ane jAheramAM carcAI rahyA che. chatAMye prAcIna zeAdhakhoLa mATenA lekhakanA anubhava ane prayAsa prazaMsAne pAtra che. muMbaI tA. 1-2-36 jaina prakAza ( 27 ) abhyAsa karI muMbaI yunivarsiTinI ela. ema. paraMtu temanA mananuM valaNa jaina prAcIna sAhitya, ane saMzeAdhana prati vizeSa cATayuM rahe che ane eTaluMja nahi paNa vidvaMdvargamAM prAcIna hiMdustAnanA sthApita thaI cUkayAM che; te bhUlabharelAM che e sAhityanA AdhAre batAvavAne DA. tribhuvanadAse jo ke vaidakanA enDa esa. nI padavI meLavelI che, itihAsa ane saMskRtinA abhyAsa te viSayamAM teo UMDA utarelA che, itihAsa viSe je keTalAMka anumAna emaNe prastuta pustakamAM, jaina itihAsa ane prayAsa karelA che. DA. tribhuvanadAsanAM anumAna sAcAM paDe te ApaNe junA itihAsa ghaNe sthaLe sudhAravA paDe. tethI ja prAcIna hindanA itihAsanA abhyAsIone ame sadarahuM pustaka dhyAnapUrvaka tapAsI javA vinaMti karIe chIe. evI AzAthI ke teo DA. tribhuvanadAsanA pramANeA khArIkAithI tapAse ane temAM rahelI khAmIo, dASA vigere AdhArapUrvaka batAve. buddhiprakAza

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[11] oN. tribhuvanadAsanA graMthamAM I. sa. pUrva 900 thI I. sa. pachI 100-sudhInA eka hajAra varSane jaina daSTie vicArAyele prAcIna bhAratavarSane ItihAsa AlekhAyelo che. jene mATe ghaNuM abhimAna levA je A graMtha che. lekhakanA mata pramANe je zilAlekho ddhidharmI mahArAjA azokanA cokakasa rIte manAya che, ane temAM apAyele upadeza bAddhadhane che ema je atyAra sudhI manAtuM AvyuM che, te khaDakalekho vagere azoka mahArAjAnA nathI, paNa enA pachI gAdIe besanAra tene pitra jaina mahArAjA priyadazina uphe saMpratinA che, ema temaNe siddha karavA prayatna karyo che. caMdragupta, azoka, kuNAla, priyadarzI ane tenI rANIo nakakI karavA mATe temaNe prAcIna sikakAone paNa abhyAsa karyo che, ane tenAM be moTAM prakaraNo, sikkAonAM citro sAthe ApyAM che. A sikkAone abhyAsapUrNa lekha gujarAtI bhASAmAM pahelavahele che. kharekhara eka gujarAtI vidvAnane hAthe lakhAyele sAdhAra aitihAsika zedhakhoLane A eka addabhUta graMtha che ane rIsarca karanArA vidvAnene muMjhavaNamAM nAkhanAre che. Do. zAhe eka varasamAM be moTA graMtho bahAra pADayA che, ane teTalI ja jhaDapathI bAkInA bahAra pADaze evI AzA che. A graMtha gujarAtanI dareka lAyabrerIe rAkhavA je che. AnA sArarUpa je eka aMgrejI graMtha taiyAra karAvAya che tenI carcA AkhA bharatakhaMDamAM thavA pAme. A Akho graMtha vAMcatAM ane AMkha coLatAM ApaNane camatkAra, jAdu, iMdrajALa mAyAne vistAra jevuM ja lAge che, ane prazna thAya che ke zuM atyAra sudhImAM badhA ja dezI videzI vidvAne khoTe mArgeja caDhI gayA ane prAcIna itihAsa khoTeja cItarI gayA? ame te amArA mata pramANe kiMcita dirzana karAvyuM che. vizeSa te baddha matanA anuyAyIo ane Itara vidvAna ja karI zake. tA. 27-9-36 "gujarAtI" (sAptAhika) muMbaI ane 4-10-36 vidvatA pUrNa graMtha che. ane temAM darzAvelI hakIkata mATe sikakAnA, zilAlekhanA tathA jANItA graMthakAronA maMtavyanA AdhAre TAMkI batAvyA che. alabatta A graMtha bahAra paDavAthI puSkaLa vAdavivAda ubhuM thAya che, chatAMye A pustakane eka smAraka graMtha kahI zakAze. A pustakamAM moryavaMzanI paDatInuM, zuMgavaMzanuM tathA te pachI AvatA vaMzanI hakIkatanuM varNana karAyatuM che. bekaTrIansathI mAMDIne TheTha InDasithiansa sudhInA hiMda upara caDAI lAvanArA paradezI AkramaNakAronuM vRttAMta paNa temAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. muMbai, 19-9-37. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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(12] prAcIna bhAratavarSa : bhAga trIje. lekhaka-DaM. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha. prakAzaka. zazikAnta enDa kuM. rAvapurA TAvara sAme vaDodarA, pAkuM pUMThuM. pRSTha. 30+406++43 mulya rU. 6-8-0 prAcIna bhAratavarSa vistRta ItihAsa. pAMca vibhAgamAM pragaTa karavAnI hai.tribhuvanadAsanI yojanA anusAra A trIje graMtha che. pahelA be graMthanAM avalokana ame ApI gayA chIe, eTale graMthanI lekhana paddhati viSe vizeSa kahevAnuM rahetuM nathI. - A trIjA graMthane AraMbha morya sAmrAjyanI paDatInA varNanathI thAya che. tyArabAda lekhake mauryavaMzanI pachI sattA para AvanAra zuMgavaMzanI kArakirdI varNavI che. A pachI paradezI humalAonI vigate zarU thAya che. bekaTrIana, kSatrapa, pArTI ane ane sAthIyanonI savArIonuM ane temanAM rAjyanuM varNana pustakanA uttarArdhamAM Ave che. chevaTe zaka, Abhira, trikuTakanAM saMbaMdha viSe tathA ozavALa, poravADa, zrImALI ane gujarAnI utpatti vize keTalIka agatyanI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. graMthanA aMte ApelAM vaMzavRkSa, sAlavArI ane viSayasUcI abhyAsIne upayogI thaI paDe tema che. nakazAo ane bIjAM aitihAsika citro paNa saMkhyAbaMdha apAyAM che. A graMtha sAme AcArya vijayendrasUrIe karelI TIkAone saMkSepamAM javAba AraMbhamAM lekhake Ape che. A yojanA anusAra bIjA graMthe paNa Tuka mudatamAM bahAra paDanAra che. gujarAtInA aitihAsika sAhitya maMDaLamAM te agatyane umere karaze. tA. 3-4-38 prajAbaMdhu prAcIna bhAratavarSa bhAga trIjo-lekhakaH rA. uM. tribhuvanadAsa la. zAha. prakAzaka. mezarsa zazikAnta enDa kuM. rAvapurA TAvara sAme, vaDodarA. chuTaka kIMmata. rU. dA. paNa pAMce bhAgane A seTa kharIdanArane rUA. 21) mAM. hiMdano itihAsa jeTale jainee ane buddhoe sAcavyuM che teTalo vaidikoe sAcavyo nathI. lekhaka Do. tribhuvanadAse prAcIna bhAratavarSanuM avalokana eka keI navIna draSTie ja karavA mAMDayuM che, eTale temAM sthApita vAtethI virodha te AvavAne ja. temanuM daSTibindu keTaluM sAcuM che te vidvAna itihAsavidoeja maLIne nakakI karavAnuM rahyuM. De, tribhuvanadAsanuM dRSTibiMdu chuM che tene saMpUrNa khyAla to tenA pAMca bhAga bahAra paDe ane te viSe vidvAnomAM carcA thAya tyAre samajAze. DaoN. sAhebanA pragaTa thayelA bhAgo para vidvAne taraphathI keTalIka tharcAo thaI che, paNa DaoN. sAhebane temanA vicAra pragaTa karatA aTakAvavA na joIe. je bhAge pragaTa thayA che temAM jaina dharma ane tene pALanArAone vijaya gavAya

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[ 13 j che. DaoN. sAhebanI jainadharma, tattva vigerenI bhAvanA vicArA, pracalita bhAvanA vicAreAthI judA lAge che. tema temane AkhA I. sa. pU. 900thI 100 sudhInA 1000 vA hindanA itihAsa jainamaya ja jaNAya che; temanI jInatattvanI vyAkhyA vizALa che. AthI keTalAka matabheda thAya e svAbhAvika che, paNa hAlanA tabbake lekhakanA vicArane vega aTakAvye aTake tema nathI ane aTakAvavA tepaNu cegya nathI. A trijA bhAgamAM mAryava'zanI paDatI tenAM kAraNeA sAthe samajAvAI che. zuMgavaMzanA itihAsamAM te vazanA rAjAe jaina virAdhI hatA ane temaNe jainA, khAddho vigerenI katala calAvI te ceAgasutrakAra ane vyAkaraNa mahAbhASyakAra pataMjalI vi. vaidikadharmIonI doravaNI ne AbhArI che tema jaNAvyuM che ane rAjA agnimitrane duSTa kalkInA avatAra jaNAvyeA che. te pachI kSaharATa, ceAna, pArthiyana, zithiyana ane parlDava ema pAMce prajAnI utpatti, vikAsa, temanA prasiddha rAjAonAM vRttAMta ane asara tathA paDatI vigere varNavyAM che. A ItihAsa smitha sAhebanA itihAsa sAthe meLavI abhyAsakAe vAMcavA jevA che. mathurA, takSazIlA vagere zaherAnA itihAsa paNa jANavA jevA che. AmAM ghaNI navI jUnI khAkhatA tathA matabhedo darzAvyA che. ekadare temanA prayAsa uttejanane pAtra che ane abhyAsakeAne ghaNI jANavA vicAravA, matabheda darzAvavA jevI sAmagrI ekaThI karAyelI che. DA. zAhu TIkAothI na DaratAM temanA prayAsa apUrNa na muke ema ApaNe icchIzuM. tA. 5-2-38 gujarAtI (5) lekhaka- DaoN. tribhuvanadAsa laheracaMda zAha, ela.esa enDa, esa : prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa ku. vaDAdarA, pAnAM 38+414+16+8. kiMmata rUA. chA gujarAtI prakAzananA ItihAsamAM A pustakanuM sAhasa khAsa karIne vidvatA, baheALI sAmagrI ne hAMza prazaMsanIya che. zrama lIdheA che, ane pote mAnI lIdhela matAntaranuM samarthana vakIlanI mAphka bahuja ulaTathI karyuM che. ane gaNAya tevuM che. lekhake bahu pramANumAM jArIvajArI jANanArA graMthanA uddeza jaina saMpradAyanA ItihAsanA uddhAra karavAno che. A kAya karavA mATe lekhakane bahu UMDA pANImAM utaravuM paDayuM che. pariNAme atyAra lagI je je hakIkatA bauddha sapradAyane lagatI manAtI AvI che e jaina zAsanane lagatI che ema nakkI karavA tarapha sArIpeThe Agraha rAkhavAmAM AvyeA che. ethI pustaka ghaNuMja carcAspada thaI paDayuM che. A bhAgamAM AvI khAkhatA upara bhAra mUkavAmAM AnyA che. mAyavazanA azeAka sivAyanA meATA rAjAe baddha nahIM paNa jaina hatA. grIka leAkeAnA sekaTasa e caMdragupta nahi paNa azAka (caMDAzeka) che. priyadarzina e zeAkanuM upanAma nI

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[ 8 ] paNa saMpratinuM che. tethI azokanA AjJAthe saMpratinA kare che. ane emAM biddha nahi paNa jenenA maMtavyanuM ja samarthana karavAmAM AvyuM che. cANakaya na hatuM, mohejeDeranI mudrAomAM jaina saMjJAo katarelI che. siddhazilA (sUryacaMdra)nA nAmathI oLakhAtI jaina saMjJA te kadAca musalamAnonA cAMdatArAnI pUrva prati paNa hoya. sAMcIne tUpa, bauddhonuM nahi paNa jenuM pavitra sthAna che. AmAM siAthI vivAdAspada hakIkata azakane priyadarzinanAM bhinnattvanI che. A hakIkata paratve vidyAvalalabha itihAsa tattvamahedadhi AcAryazrI vijayendrasUrijI jevAe Do. zAhanA kapita vicArenuM nirasana karyuM che te paNa nirNaya karavAnuM kArya prAzya vizAre samastanuM che ema mAnavuM ucita che. ame AmAM saMmati ke asaMmati darzAvIe enA karatAM ema kahevuM ThIka paDaze ke daDha thaI gayelA mahatvanA itihAsane juThTho TharAvavA mATe eka ja zamsanA mate lakhAyelAM hajAra be hajAra pAnAM pUratAM na gaNAI zake. | game tema hoya, paNa Do. zAhanA prayAsathI eka vAta dIvA jevI tarI Ave che ke je badhAM, bauddhonAM avazeSa tarIke manAya che emAM jainonAM avazeSo seLabheLa thaI gayAM hoya e sAre saMbhava che. amane te ema lAge che ke jana matanI prAcInatAnA hisAbe atyAre je kAMIjanenuM mAnamAM Ave che e bahu thoDuM che. brAhmaNe ane bAddhonI jema jainone paNa akhila bhAratIya kItikALa hovuM joIe e vadhAre saMbhavita che. ame ema IcchIe chIe ke . zAhanA manoratha bara Ave. ane ema thAya te bhAratavarSanI kIti jarUra vadhAre prajavalita thAya ema amAruM mAnavuM che. ema nahi te paNa prastuta graMthathI zarU thayelI carcA jhIlI laIne navI prApta thayelI dizAmAM vidvAne potAnI zedhALanuM lakSya deravaze te paNa DaM. zAhane prayAsa dhanya banaze ne bhAratavarSanA ItihAsanA tUTelA maMkaDAne eka navI kaDI prApta thaze. chApanI ne bhASAnI ghaNI azuddhi hovA chatAM A prakArane graMtha savabhASAmAM lakhIne 3. zAhe gujarAtInI moTI sevA karI batAvI che ke gujarAtanI vidvatAne jagatamAM ucca sthAne sthApI che. e mATe ame eo mahAzayane dhanyavAda ApIe chIe. mArca 1977 umi prAcIna bhArata varSa bhAga trIje -lekhaka che. tribhuvanadAsa lehecaMda zAha. prakAzaka zazikAnta enDa ku. rAvapurA, TAvara roDa vaDedarA, 1937H kada 8 peja pAna 30+450+10 ci sahita mUlya 6-8-0,

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[15] dAktarI jJAna meLavI purANuM vastuzAstrane abhyAsa karI janatA samakSa prAcIna bhAratavarSa vizenuM pitAnuM maMtavya. ATalA zramapUrvaka dharavA mATe Do. tribhuvanadAsane abhinadana ghaTe. A viSaya eTale gahana che ane satata thatI navIna zodhane lIdhe ApaNuM AryAvartanA prAcIna itihAsa saMbaMdhI jJAnamAM evA pheraphAro thayA kare che, ke e bAbatamAM kaI paNa mata pUre hoI zake ja nahi, "muMDe, muMDe mUrti bhinnA," e sUvAnusAra darekane daNikaNa judo hoya ane darekanuM valaNa temaja udeza paNa bhinna haya, eTale AvA viSayamAM matabheda to thavAnA ja, paraMtu ema thatAM ja Akhare satya vastu tarI Ave che. loko eTalI jhINavaTathI AvAM pustaka vAMcatA thAya eja A prayatnanI saphaLatA mATe basa che. prastuta pustakamAM cothA khaMDanA be parIra che tathA pAMcamAnA cAra ane chaThThAnA agIyAra maLI kula 17 paricchedene samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. prathama cAra bhAgamAM Akho viSaya saMkelI levAne IrAde hatuM ane tethI dareka pustakamAM pUrepUrA be kheDe ApavAno vicAra hatuM paraMtu graMthanI vipulatA jaNAtAM eka sarakhA pAnAMnA pAMca bhAgamAM A graMtha saMpUrNa karI levAnuM ucita dhAryuM che. mUlyamAM te pramANe vadhAro juja paNa raheze ja. cothA khaMDanA be paricachedomAM moryavaMzanI paDatInAM kAraNe tathA judA judA samrATonA samayamAM maryASTra vistAra batAvavAmAM Avyo che. pAMcamA khaMDamAM zuMgavaMza samaye bhAratanI sthiti tathA chaThThA khaMDamAM paradezI humalAothI mAMDI zAhIvaMzanI samApti sudhI temaja ozavALa, zrImALa, piravADa, tathA gurjaranI utpatti paNa chevaTanA parichedamAM ApI che. dareka samayanAM varNananAM samarthaka sAdhano jevA ke sikkA, nakazA vi. samajutI sAthe ApelAM che. kartAe khUba abhyAsapurvaka A graMtha taiyAra karela hovAthI abhyAsakene jANavAnuM vizeSa maLaze ane judAM judAM dRSTibiMduethI judI judI bAbata para prakAza pADI zakaze. AvA abhyAsa pUrNa pustaka mATe jemanAthI banI zake teTalI madada ApI uttejana ApavuM joIe. gujarAtI bhASAnA etihAsika dhaLa vibhAgamAM A pustakathI ghaNe sAro umero thAya che. ane te sAthe bhASAnuM sAhitya gaurava paNa vadhe che. vaDodarA rAjyanA kasbA pustakAlaye jarUra A pustakanA badhA bhAga kharIde ane e dvArA rAjyanI zikSita prajAne prAcIna bhAratanuM jJAna pUruM pADavAmAM yathAzakti madada kare e IcchavA gya che. zabdakoSa, samayanArI, tathA vistRta anukramaNIkA dvArA tathA citro, lekhe, nakazA, sikakA, vagerenI samajutIthI pustakanI yogyatA temaja tenuM rahasya samajavAmAM ghaNI sahAya maLe che. AzA che ke gujarAtI sAhityanA rasiyAo uttejana Apaze ja. tA 18-6-38 pustakAlaya

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat sithiansa ane pavAjhanAM utpatti, saraNI, vikAsa tathA temanA rAjakartA enAM caritrA raju karyA che, te ghaNIghaNI prakAranI navI ja bhAta pADI rahyAM che. ceAthAmAM--gardabhIla vaMzanA gaMdharvasena, zakArI vikramAditya, vIravikrama, dharmAditya, mAdhavAditya, mAdhavasena Adi 11 rAjAonAM ritrA che. vikrama, zaka, laharATa, mahAvIra, mAlava Adi aneka saMvatAnI sthApanAne lagatI tathA cakita kare tevI hakIkatA ApI che. cedi vaMzanuM varNana che temAM kSemarAja, buddharAja tathA khAravelanAM vRttAMte uparAMta hAthINuMkAnA zilAlekhaneA karAcela khATA ukela tathA gerasamajUti dUra karela che. vaLI pelI suvarNa pratimAne lagatI AzcaryakAraka ghaTanA varNavI che. kuzAna prajAnI utpattinA itihAsa ApI AkhA kuzAnavaMzanI nAmAvali tathA samayAvaLI tadna navesarathI geAThavavI paDI che. aneka navIna tattvA temAMthI bahAra nIkaLI paDaDyAM che. te ja pramANe caNavaMzanI tavArIkha dArI batAvI tenA saMvatanI Adi adyApi je i. sa. 78 manAya che tene i. sa. 103 aneka purAvA ApI sAbita karI ApI che. pAMcamAmAM--a dhravaMzanA se varasanA samayanI nAmAvaLI, vaMzAvaLI tathA 39 rAjAoneA anukrama, sikkA temaja zilAlekhanA AdhAre geAThavyAM che. tathA te sarvenAM jIvanavRttAMta ApyAM che : vaLI zatavahana ane zAtakaraNI zabdanA arthamAM rahela mamA~ vistArapUrvaka carcyA che. aMtamAM pAMce pustakanI 'samayAvaLI', 'viSayAnI cAvI ' tathA ' zuM ane kayAM '-te sarvane ekatrita karI ghaNI mahenate sudhArI taiyAra karI che. www.aradvanitrendar comes

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Shree Sudan mi Gyanblendar Umaira www.umaragyanbhandar.com