Ashok Charit

Author(s): R R Devdutta
Publisher: Gujarat Varnacular Society Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034753/1

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zrI yazovijayajI jaina graMthamALA dAdAsAheba, bhAvanagara, haezheAe-2eo : ID ke 52240 08 gujarAta varnAkayulara sosAiTI

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1. svaga stha labhAI dalapatarAma kavezvara smAraka graMthamALA naM. 1. zrI azoka carata. rA. rA. devadatta rAmakRSNa bhAMDArakara, kRta aMgrejI graMthanA AdhAre anuvAdaka, bharatarAma bhAnusukharAma mahetA. vidyAdhikArInA bhASAMtara madadanIza, vAdarA. chapAvI prasiddha karanAra, gujarAta varnAkayulara seAsAITI taraphathI hIrAlAla trIbhAvanadAsa pArekha, bI. e. AvRtti pahelI saMvata 1983 Asi. sekreTarI, amaDhAvAda. prata 1500 sane 1927 mUlye bAra AnA.

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mudrA cimanalAla IzvaralAla mahetA. muNisthAna nA jukaNAlaya" ghIkAMTAraDa, sivila hospila sAme, - amadAvAda

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- svargastha lalubhAI dalapatarAma kevedhara.

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lallubhAi dalapatarAma kavezvara phaMDanA upAghAta. svargastha lallubhAI dalapatarAma kavezvaranA putravadhu nirmaLA dattubhAI kavezvara taraphathI rU. 10000) nI rakama nIcenI sarate AvI cheH-- (a) amadAvAdanI sarakArI miDala skulamAM bhaNutA visanagarA nAgara jJAtinA vidhAthI A paikI prathama AvanAra pahelA, khInna ane trIjA dheAraNamAM bhaNatA eka eka vidyAthIne dara rUpiyA traNanI mAsika skAlarazIpa ApavI. te chellI ApelI gujarAtI ane (iMgrejI) parIkSA uparathI nakkI karavI. gAmAM rU. 108) kharcAya. (5) bAkInA rUpiyAmAMthI amadAvAdanI sarakArI Ara. sI. DAIskulamAM bhaNatA uparAMta nAtinA vidyAthI o paikI dareka dhAraNamAM vArSika parIkSAmAM prathama AvanArane dheAraNa ceAthA ane pAMcamAmAM dara mAse rUpiyA pAMcanI ane dheAraNu chaThThI ne sAtamAmAM dara mAse rUpiyA cha nI mAsika skolarazIpa ApavI. AmAM rUpiyA 264) sau cAsaTha kharcAya. (G) bAkInA rUpiyAmAMthI mahAlakSmI TreniMga keMAleja, raNacheDabhAi kanyAzALA ne vanitA vizrAma-khADIyAmAM bhaNatI uparAkta jJAtinI strIo ane bALAone saMsthA dITha rUpiyA 11) pramANe rADA inAma dAkhala ApavA. te rakama saMsthAmAM bhaNI pAsa thatI dareka vidyAthIne vaheMcAya (visanagarA jJAtinI). AmAM kula rUpiyA 45) pIsatAlIsa kharcAya.

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* (3) vyAjamAMthI vadhelA bAkInA rUpiyAmAMthI eka svastha lallubhAi dalapatarAma kavezvara smAraka graMthamALA" kADhavI. te graMtha lokApayegI viSayA upara inAma ApI lakhAvI chapAvavA te A ceAjanAnI sakhAvata bAbata temAM cagya lakhANa karavuM. temaja svargasthanI chabI paNa mUkavI. tenA blekanuM kharca phaMDanA vyAjamAMthI karavuM, pustakA svata'tra rIle ke anuvAdarUpe paNa karAvavAM. tadanusAra sadarahu kuMDamAMthI A pustaka prasiddha karavAmAM AvyuM che. azeAkacarita rA. bharatarAma bhAnusukharAma mahetA 0-12-0 gu. va. sesAITI, amadAvAda. tA. 26-9-1927 } Asiva sekreTarI.

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k zrI . Amukha. A gujarAtI graMthamAMnA tamAma vicArA mArA peAtAnA nathI paraMtu zrIyuta devadatta rAmakRSNe bhAMDArakaranA che. aneka bAbatamAM temanI sAthe huM saMmata thAuM chuM tema theADIka bAbateAmAM temanI sAthe huM matabheda pazu dharAvuM chuM. " azAkanA zilAlekhA' nAmaka mArA graMtha prasiddha thai gaele che temAM me aroAkanI tamAma dha`lipi enAM bhASAMtara taddana svataMtra rIte ApelAM che. A graMthamAM e ja dha lipionAM je bhASAMtaro ApavAmAM AvelAM che temanI sAthe mArAM ukta bhASAMtaro sarakhAvI jonArane mArA dRSTibiMdunA khyAla AvI zakaze. A sthaLe evI dareka bAbatatI carcomAM UtaravA jatAM ghaNuM lakhANa caI jAya tema che; ane tema karavAnI mArI icchA nathI tema sAdhAraNu vAcakane evI zuSka carcAmAM rasa pazu paDe tema nathI. jijJAsu AvI sarakhAmaNI khuzIthI karI zake che. A graMtha vAMcIne vAcake keTalAka jUnA vicArAne jaDamULathI UkheDI nAkhavAnA che. siMhAlI itihAsasaMgrahanA AdhAre azokanA sabaMdhamAM azakaya vAta keTalAMka sthaLe prasiddha thAya che tenAthI evA vAcake bahu ja cetatA rahevAnuM che. azAka kharekhara kevA hatA, enA ghaNA suMdara khyAla A graMthathI vAcakane jarUra AvI zakaze. tema thaze teA A gujarAtI anuvAda karyAnA badlA mane maLI raheze. have AbhAradarzana karavAnI mArI pharaja adA karavAnI rahe che. mULa aMgrejI graMthanA anuvAda karavAnI paravAnagI phlakattAnI vidyApIThe mane ApI che tene mATe tenA kArya vAkAne ane A anuvAda karavAnuM kAma mane seAMpavAnI maherabAnI karanAra gujarAta 66

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varnAkyulara sosAyaTI nA kAryavAhono AbhAra ahIM huM aMtaHkaraNa pUrvaka mAnuM chuM. chevaTe A graMthamAM je sAmAnya chApanI bhUla hoya te sudhArIne vAMcavAnI vistRpti vAcakane huM kahuM chuM. mahatvanI bhUlonuM nAnaka zuddhipatra to meM mukyuM che eTale tenA pramANe sudhArA karI levAnI mArI vijJapti vAcakane che. vaDodarA, tA. 7-10-19ra7 | bhAtarama bhAnupama mahetA. *

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mULa lekhanI prastAvanA, azonA saMbaMdhamAM eTaluM badhuM kahevAI ane lakhAI gayuM che ke A pustaka jemanA jovAmAM Ave temanAmAMnA keTalAkane kadAca navAI paNa lAge ke, "e hiMdI samrAhnA saMbaMdhamAM hajI zuM navuM kahevAnuM bAkI rahyuM haze ? " paraMtu eTaluM bhUlavuM na joIe ke, azoka pitAnI pAchaLa je zAsana mukti maLe che te svataMtra sAhityarUpa che ane azoke je kAMi kahyuM che te badhuM spaSTa rIte samajatAM vidvAnone hajI ghaNAM varSo lAge tema che. azokanA zAsanemAnA aneka phakarA hajI joIe teTalA spaSTa thayA nathI, ane vakhatovakhata navAnavA ane vadhAre sArA artha vidvAnonI taraphathI sucavAtA jAya che, e vAta hiMdustAnanA zilAlekha vagerenA abhyAsIne kahevAnI jarUra bhAgye ja hAya. vaLI e dharmopadezaka rAjAnuM AbehUba citra khaDuM thAya tevI rIte enAM zAsanamAMnI hakIktanA vividha bhAgone ekatra karavAnuM paNa eka prakAranuM viziSTa kArya che. AvI rIte chUTAchUTA bhAgane ekatra karavAnuM kAma hajI pUruM thayuM nathI ane thoDAM varSa sudhI cAlu raheze ja, evo bhaya mane rahe che. azokanAM zAsane jeTalAM rasika tema ja bedhaka che teTalA rasika ke bedhaka bIje kaI paNa zilAlekha vagere hiMdustAnamAM jovAmAM AvatA nathI. azokanAM zAsanonA artha ghaTAvavAnA kAmamAM ja nahi paNa temanI rajuAta karavAnA tema ja temane ekatra goThavavAnA kAmamAM meM bhAga lIdhela che tethI e bauddha samrATa viSenA mArA abhiprAya darzAvatA A graMthanI prasiddhinI bAbatamAM khulAse ApavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI, evI AzA mane che. azokanA zilAlekhane mAro abhyAsa cheka 1898 mAM zarU thayuM hatuM. prinsepa, vilsana ane bunaupha tema ja che. karna, meM.

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senAtuM ane pre. myulara sAhebe azokanAM zAsanatAM bhASAMtara karelI tema ja temanA saMbaMdhamAM TIkAo lakhelI te mArI samakSa mojuda hatAM. me A tamAma graMthomAMnAM lakhANene bArIka abhyAsa karyo. paraMtu meM. senAtakRta "piyasinA zilAlekhe" nuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara "IDiyana eNTikaverI" mAM prasiddha thayuM hatuM temAM mane jevo rasa paDayo hato tathA tenAthI mane jeTalo lAbha thayo hate tevo rasa bIjA kazA lakhANamAM mane paDayo nahi ane teTale lAbha bIjA kazA lakhANathI mane thayo nahi. krAMsanA e vidvAna sAheba zilAlekha vagerenA sAcA abhyAsI che tema ja saMskRta tathA pAli ane prAkRta bhASAnA kharA abhyAsI che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa azokanA vividha zilAlekhomAM chUTIchavAyI je hakIkata ApavAmAM AvelI che tene paraspara saMbaMdha sAcavatA susaMbaddha sAhityarUpe gaThavavAno Azaya dharAvatA sAca | itihAsakAra che, ema turta mane jaNAI AvyuM. Ama A graMthanA cothA prakaraNamAM apanI athavA tenA zilAlekhenI sthiti sAlavArInA anukrame darzAvavAmAM AvI che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa tenA sAmrAjyane vistAra, tenI rAjyapaddhati, tenA svataMtra pADosIo, grIsanI duniyAnI sAthe tene saMbaMdha, teNe karele bauddhapaMthano svIkAra, tenA dharmanuM svarUpa, vagere vagere bAbate paNa temAM darzAvavAmAM AvelI che. azokanAM lakhANono rItasara abhyAsa karIne tene itihAsa kevI rIte UpajAvI kADhavo, ene raste saiAthI pahelAM batAvanAra te meM. senA ja hatA. Ama vAcakane samajAI Avaze ke, hiMdustAnanA itihAsanA upara azokanA zilAlekhothI kevI jAtane prakAza paDe che, e zodhI kADhavAnA hetuthI lagabhaga pacIsa varSathI mAre e zilAlekhene abhyAsa cAlU che. meM kAMI paNa kharekharI pragati karI che ke kema, e te vidvAne ane itihAsakAre ja kahI zake. tema chatAM paNa, mAro prayAsa keTalA aMze saphaLa thayA che, e jANavAnI itejarI

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mane thaI tethI karIne A graMthanA kAcA chApakAmanAM pAnAM mane maLyAM tenI sAthe ja meM kAMsanA vidyAna(me. senA sAheba)ne mokalI ApyAM ane temane evI vijJapti karI ke, A graMthanA saMbaMdhamAM teo pote je mata bAMdhe te koI paNa rIte kheMcAyA vagara mane lakhI jaNAve. paraMtu lAMbA vakhata sudhI temanA taraphathI kAMI javAba Avyo nahi. Akhare A prastAvanA bIbAMrUpe goThavAtI hatI te arasAmAM je javAbanI AzA lAMbA vakhatathI rakhAtI hatI te javAba AvI pahoMcyA. e patranI zarUAtamAM Ama kahyuM che -"jUnA sebatInI kAMIka lathaDI gaelI tabiyatane lIdhe vAra lAgI che tene mATe tame mAphI Apaze. tamArA "azakanAM suMdara pRSTho mane tame mokalyAM te khAte tamAre AbhAra vadhAre vahela mAnavAnuM meM icchayuM hatuM. varSonA pahelAM e dhArmika rAjAnA ane tenA kiMmatI zilAlekhonA abhyAsa pAchaLa meM vakhata gALele tene maherabAnInA rAhe tame yAda karyo che. tamArA jevA suzikSita nyAyAdhIzanA pramANapatrathI mArA mananA upara kema asara na thAya ? mArA yauvanakALanI A zodhakhoLe mane sadA priya . ane hAjarAhajUra che, e tame kapI zakzo. tamArA pustakathI huM e bAjue pharIthI eka vAra derAuM chuM. huM e pustakano ghaNo AbhArI chuM huM AbhArI chuM tenuM kAraNa e ke, je yAjaka ane utsAhapUrvaka buddhithI hiMdustAnanA Adhunika abhyAsIo pitAnA dezanA bhUtakALanI punaghaTanA karavAne prayatna kare che tene atisuMdara namUno tenAthI mane pUro paDe che." meM. senA mArAthI kayI yI bAbatamAM judA paDe che te pitAnA A patramAM temaNe khullA dilathI mane jaNAvI dIdhuM che. mAtra eka apavAda bAda karatAM bAkInI badhI bAbato najIvA matabheda rUpa che. azokanI pachI hiMdustAnanA upara grIsanA ane kurAnI paradezI lekanA humalA thayA tene phateha maLavA mATe mArgane saraLa karI ApanAra tenI paradeza khAtAnI nItimAM teNe karelA pheraphAranI, "tenA

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10 dayAmaya vicArAnI namratAne mATenI javAbadArI me' azokanA upara nAkhI che ( ane emanA mate e samrAT tene lAyaka nathI ), e ukta apavAda che. teo kahe che ke, "audghapaMcanA zAMtivAde lAMbA kALe amuka leAkAne nabaLA banAvI dIdhA hAya eN banavAjoga che; phakta temane kAya karavA mATe ochA lAyaka banAvI devA karatAM vadhAre namra teNe karI mukayA nathI.......ApaNe je AdarzIvAdathI tathA UMDI dhArmikatAyo jANItA chIe tene jIssA tenAmAM hateA tene ja svIkAra karavAnuM huM vadhAre pasaMda karUM chuM; kAraNa ke, ethI hiMdustAnanA prAcIna samagra bhUtakALa sacetana thAya che, ane bAhya vijayAnI siddhithI teNe hiMdustAnane vimukha rAkhyA che tenA karatAM kadAca vadhAre meTI AdhyAtmika pratiSThAnI himAyata teNe karI che. e siddhine mATe hiMdustAnane teNe kadI paNa cAgya karyuM hatuM ke kema e zAMkAspada che. " AthI karIne e vidvAne maherabAnI karIne khulA 1. mane peAtAne nyAya ApavAne mATe mAre kahevuM joie ke, A vicAra paNa mane sUjhayA hatA; paraMtu tene cheDI devAnI pharaja mane paDI hatI; kAraNa ke, azekanI ane tenI pachI thaelA grIsavAsIonA humalAnI vaccenA samaya atizaya TUMkA hatA. azoka Azare I. sa. pU. 236 mAM marI gayA hatA, ema manAya che; ane sauthI pahelA humalA karanAra bekTriyAnA grIsavAsI yuthIDemasanuM mRtyu Azare i. sa. pU.190 mAM thayuM hatuM, ema dhAravAmAM Ave che. Ama bhAgye ja pacAsa varSanA aMtara rahe che; ane vaLI teTalI muddatamAM paNa mahAna aDhiyAkase maurya sAmrAjyanI vAyavyakhUNAnI sarahadanA upara phatehamIthI humalA karelA, ema jaNAvAya che ( " kaeNmbrija hisTarI Apha iMDiyA, pR. 442 ane 444 ). Ama azAkanA mRtyunI pachI lagabhaga tu ja grIsavAsIone humalA thavA pAmyA hatA. aupatha peAte phelAIne leAkAne tema ja khAsakarIne magadhanA lazkarane --je lazkaranI sAme thatAM sika MdaranAM mANase bItAM hatAM ane tenI pachInA samayamAM selyukasanAM lazkarane jeNe pAchAM haThAvyAM hatAM te lazkarane- lazkarI dhaMdhAne mATe nAlAyaka banAvI mukavA jeTalA namra ane zAMta karI de tene mATe pUratA vakhata ethI tene maLe che? r ..

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31 '' dilathI AvI TIkA karIne mane AbhArI kayA che tyAre mArA graMcanA saMbaMdhamAM eka dare teo zuM dhAre che te darzAvatA nIcenA krUkaro temanA kharA aMtaHkaraNanA udgAra darzAve che, ema mAnavAne kAraNa maLe cheH-- zilAlekhAmAMnI mAhitInI sAthe evadhu pramANamAM adhabesatI paraMparAgata hakIkatanI sAmAnya tapAsa karIne azokanA vivecanAtmaka itihAsa baDavAno tamAro prayatna khAsa na hatA; tamArA uddezna tA, atyAra sudhI aNudhArI hAya evI zI mAhitI kuzAgrabuddhivALA ane mavedI saMzodhakane maLe che, e ukta zilAlekhAnu pRthakkaraNa karIne batAvavAnA hatA. sAhitya sAthenA lAMbA vakhatanA tamArA paricayathI A kAmane mATe khIjanA karatAM tame vadhAre taiyAra thaelA che. pustAnI madadathI zilAlekhAnA upara prakAza pADIne tame tamArA citrane sacetana karyuM che, e anupama zaktinI ajAyabI che. " azAkanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA aneka praznanA hacha gUMcavADAbharelA prakAranA che. paradezakhAtAnI tenI nItithI hiMdustAnanA upara zI asara caelI ? e AvA prazno paikInA eka prazna che. dharmAMpadezaka tarIkenI tenI pravRttiyo bauddhapatha pazcima-eziyAmAM prasaryAM hatA ke krama ane te prasaryAM hatA teA keTalA aMze ? e AvA khIjo prazna che. AvA praznonA sabaMdhamAM chUTathI ane medhaDaka carcA thAya nahi tyAM sudhI krAi paNa chevaTanA nirNaya lAvavAnu banI zake tema nathI. mArA abhiprAyA jevA che tevA me darzAvyA che; ane vidvAnA tema ja khAsa karIne itihAsakArA kayA bhinna abhiprAyA darzAve che te jovAnuM have rasabharyuM thai paDaze. A abhiprAyA jema vadhAre vividha hAya tema e praznonA vicAra karavA mATenAM dRSTibiMdue paNa saMkhyAmAM vadhAre hoya ane pariNAmamAM temane niya vahelA karavAnI zakayatA paNa vadhAre hAya.

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A graMthano mukhya Azaya zilAlekho vagerenA zAstrano nathI paNa itihAsane che, e vAta kharI che. tema chatAM paNa nidAna prAcIna hiMdustAnanA saMbaMdhamAM to zilAlekhe vagerethI athavA prAcInavastuzAstrathI ke saMskRta ane saMskRti saMbaMdhI sAhityathI itihAsane cheka ja alaga rAkhavAne samaya hajI AvI maLyo nathI ane kadAca kadi Avaze paNa nahi. azekanAM zAsanamAMnA keTalAka zabdone ane phakarAono artha ghaTAvavAnI athavA temane samajavAnI hajI ghaNI jarUra rahe che. alabatta, A kSetramAM hAlamAM DaoN. epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe uttama kArya karyuM che. AthI karIne ApaNuM prAcIna ItihAsanA A sAdhananI avaganA meM kaI paNa rIte karI nathI. khAsa karIne AThamA prakaraNamAM azokanAM zAsananAM bhASAMtara ane tatsaMbaMdhI TIkAo meM ApyAM che tenA uparathI, AnA upara meM pUratuM dhyAna ApyuM che, ema jaNAI Avaze. huM kahI gayo chuM ke, azokanA zilAlekhoe lagabhaga pacIsa varSa sudhI mAruM dhyAna kheMceluM che. paraMtu snAtakottara (posTa-grejyu eTa) abhyAsanA vikAsanI bAbatamAM jenA mArgadarzanathI-are, jenI dIrghadRSTithI-sadAne mATe ApaNe vimukha thaI gayA chIe evA svargastha sara AzutoSa mukarajI (sarasvatI) nI smaraNakArI tIvra buddhinI apUrva sRSTirUpa kalakattAnI vidyApIThanA " kArmAIkala prophesara opha espraMTa iDiyana hisTarI eDa kalcara" tarIke kAma karavA ane e vidyApIThanA zuddha ane buddhiviSayaka vAtAvaraNamAM jIvana jIvavA huM kalakatte Avyo tyAre ja A dizAmAM huM vadhAre pragati sAdhI zakayo hato, ema vadhArAmAM kahyA vagara cAle tema nathI. A graMthanI prasiddhinA saMbaMdhamAM sva. sara AzutoSa khAsa rasa letA hatA. chApakhAnAmAM be varSa sudhI rahIne have prasiddha thato A graMtha jovA jeTaluM vadhAre AyuSya temaNe bhagavyuM nahi, e atyaMta zekakAraka binA mane sadA ye sAlyAM karaze.

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x xxx x krAMsanA vidvAna (ma. senAta) sAhebe potAnA patramAM chevaTe je zabda vAparyA che te ja zabdo vAparavA karatAM vadhAre sArI rIte A prastAvanA huM pUrI karI zakuM nahiH"suMdara paraMparAne pAtra rahenArA, saMgIna jJAnane paricaya dharAvanArA, evA tame A suprasiddha pUrvajanI pratye tamArI zodhakhoLe ane tamArI dezadAjhanI bhAvanAorUpI RNa adA karavAne IrAdo dharAvatA hatA. temane pUrepUro nyAya ApavA jatAM patranI hadane oLaMgI javuM paDe eTalI vigatamAM huM na UtarI zakuM te paNa huM tamane nidAna aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka mubArakabAdI ApuM chuM te svIkAraze. sahAnubhUti ane kArya, e bene A phaLadrupa saMyoga ApaNa samAna vIra naranA Azrayane AbhArI che, ema kahevAnuM mane mana thAya che, ane hiMdustAnanA dharmaparAyaNa lekee tema ja mAnapUrvaka IMtejArI dharAvatA pazcimadezanA lekee A kAmamAM joDAvuM joIe. (aMgrejImAM sahI) de che. bhAM

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anukramaNikA. viSaya prakaraNa paNa. paheluM prakaraNa azaka ane tenuM pUrvajIvana 1-24 bI , azokanuM sAmrAjya ane tenI rAjyavyavasthA ra4-68 bauddhapathI azoka 69-94 azokane dharma 94-rara dharmopadezaka azoka 1rara-153 sAmAjika ane dhArmika jIvana (azakanI dhamalipionA AdhAre) 153-199 pariziSTa 200-28. itihAsamAM azokanuM sthAna 203-27 AkhuM , azekanI dharmalipio 22-017 viSayasUci 1-11

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mahattvanI sakSepasUci. ma. hi. chaeN. A. saH IM, a. rI. A. sa. je. I. A. sa. sa. I. ". . e. I. e.ke. e. jhI. e. zrI. e. rI. e. ---- = = alI hisTarI AiDiyA. ArkiyAlAjikala sarve Apha iMDiyA -anyuala rIporTa. = AyiAeAjikala sarve Ak vesTarna iMDiyA AciAlAjikala sarve A sadhana = IMDayA. iMDiyana aTakaverI. epigrAkriyA IMDikA. epigrAkriyA kaoNTikA. = epigrAphiyA jhIlanikA. = ensAikalApIDiyA briTanikA. - ensAikalApIDiyA A rIlijiyana aDa ethikasa. = = // a. rI. A. sa. I. sa. = anyuala rIporTa, Aki yAlAjila sarve, isTarna sarkala. = kaniMgahAmsa 3. A. sa. rI. rIpoTa . 3. kA. IM. vaiM. = kaniMgahAmsa kAsa iskripzanama iDikarama. 3. le. = kArmoikala lekacasa'. OM. hi. I. kA. chaeN. I. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat = = AyiAlAjikala sarve kaeNmbrija AhasTarI Apha iMDiyA. kAsa iMskripzanama iMDikaeNma. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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16 = $ = guma iskripzansa. ja. e. se. beM. = jarnala opha dhI eziyATika sosAyaTI Apha beMgola ja. DI. le. = jarnala opha dhI DIpArTameMTa opha leTarsa (kalakattA yunivarsiTI) ja. pA. Te. se. = jarnala opha dhI pAli TekasTa sosAyaTI e. rI. se. = jarnala opha dhI bihAra orissA saMsAyaTI. ja. . . . e. so. = jarnala opha dhI baeNbe eNca eNpha dhI royala eziyeTika sosAyaTI, ja. . e. se. = jarnala opha dhI royala eziyATika sAsAyaTI. pA. Te. so. = pAli TekasTa sosAyaTI, che. TrA. pha. e. The. = prosIDiMgsa eMDa TrAnTaMkazansa oNpha dhI phasTa orieMTala kaeNnpharansa, punA che.rI.A. sa. no.ve. kaM. pro.= progresa rIporTa opha dhI Arki laoNjikala sarve opha northa vesTarna kaMTiyara provinsa. che. rI. A. sa. . . = progresa rIporTa oNpha dhI Arkiyo lajikala sarve eka vesTarna iDiyA. me. A. sa. I. = meyarsa opha dhI Arkiyolojikala | sarve opha iDiyA. e. e. se. beM. = memauyarsa opha dhI eziyATika sosAyaTI A beMgola. vI. e. ja. = vIenA eriTala jarnala. sa. A. muM. si. jya. va = sara AzutoSa mukarajI silvara * jayubilI volyuma.

Page #19
sA. Da. mA. 3. se. bru. 4. . A. 241. H. di. haiM. . . di. e. sa li. 17 sAiTiza Dera 3cana mAgana Dizana gejhelazAkaTa = sekreDa brukasa Ak dhI sTa - haidarAbAda ArDiyolojasa sarve = hisTarI Apha inDiyana A pusTana ArTiyara. = hisTarI Ak ensparTa saMskRta liTarecara.

Page #20
pRSTha lITI ina 16 18 19 28 31 40 47 47 47 49 74 75 ex 99 110 110 # dha 1 29 23 15 *****< & 1 18 24 18 21 ra 11} 1 138 12 180 1 196 27 205 210 15 mahattvanuM zuddhipatraka. azuddhi 'priya zina ' khIjA priya zina ' devanAM "sArathavyAptinA " pR. 104 < rahI zilAlekhAmAM pramaya 'pratisthAna . sanIya jevA 18 subA nImyA teramA uThAvI khIjA potAnA sArAM kyA thaelA vyaMjana AvelA . ji. teMtALIsamAM // rAkhe teja Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat zuddhi * priyAn' khIjA 'priyazita' devAnaM "" ' sAratthappakAsinI " pR. 105 rahe zilAlekhamAM prathama '' 'pratiSThAna ' satIya jevA sukhA nImyA " 2 teramA UThAvI khIja peAtAnAM sArAM kyAM thaelAM dharmiSTha tetALIsamA eka vyaMjana AvelA kUvA rAkha te ja www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #21
bharatarAma bhAnusukharAma mahetAnAM anya pustake -6-0 pustakanuM nAma kiMmata. 1. vIra puruSe. 0-12-0 2. mAbApane be bela. 0-6-0 3. bAleghAnapaddhatinuM gRhazikSaNa. * 0-14-0 4. tukArAma. 1-0-0 5. vaDodarA rAjyanI bhUgoLa (rA. li. zrI. davenI sAthe). 0-2-6 6. rAmane ItihAsa. 1-00 7. raNajItasiMha 0-6-0 8. zrI harSa. . : 0-6-0 9. zUravIra zivAjI. 10. prAcIna hiMdamAMnI keLavaNuM. 0-13-0 samudragupta. 7-130 12. saMskRti ane pragati. . 28-0 13. azokanA zilAlekho. bhAlaNakRta dhruvAkhyAna ane nAkarakRta moradhva jAkhyAna (rA. bhA. ni. mahetAnI sAthe * saMzodhita). 1-0-0 15 megalakRta dhruvAkhyAna ane nAsiketAkhyAna | (saMzodhita).. 0-12-0 9$. The Modern Gujarati-English * Dictionary. (rA. bhA. ni. . mahetA sAthe sahasaMpAdaka)) 5 1 - 1-- 14.

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Page #23
zrI. azokacarata. pahelu prakaraNa aroka ane tenu pUrvajIvana azAkanuM nAma jeNe na sAMbhaLyuM hAya ane tenI dha lipionI vAta jenA jANavAmAM na hoya, evI vyakti tA ApaNA dezanA bhaNelAgaNelA lAkA paikI bhAgye ja krAi haze. azAka mau vazanA rAjA hatA, e vAta dareka jaNa jANe che. vaLI, mahAna sikaMdaranA samakAlIna--ane grosanA aMtahAsakAroe jete 'saMIkArTIsa' kahyo che te-caMdraguptane te pautra hatA, e vAta paNa dareka jaNa jANe che. cakravatI rokanI dharmalipi hiMdustAnamAMnAM aneka sthaLethI jaDI AvelI che, e hakIkata paNa dareka jaNunA jANavAmAM che. paNa e dhama lipiomAM je lakheluM che tenI, tema ja e mauya rAjanI bAbatamAM teo je hakIkata pUrI pADe che tenI mAhitI dareka jaNane kadAca na paNa hAya. alabatta, keTalAka bauddha graMthAmAM tenA jIvananI ane jIvanakAnI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvelI che; paNa e hakIkata vizvAsapAtra che ke kema, e bhAkhatamAM aneka vidvAne zaMkA rahe che. e graMtheAmAM ghaNI vAtA kahelI che. azoke baudvapatha svIkAye tenA pahelAM te 'kAlAzAka' hatA ane tenA pachI te dharmAMzAka' banyA hatA, ema e prathAmAM kaheluM che. kAlAroki badalAine dharmAka bha

Page #24
kevI rIte banyo, e batAvIne bauddhapaMthanAM vakhANa karavAM, e ja e graMthano mukhya hetu hovAthI emAM ApelI hakIktanI satyatAnI bAbatamAM ApaNuM manamAM svAbhAvika rIte zaMkA utpanna thAya che. paraMtu azokanI dharmalipionI bAbatamAM AvI zaMkAne sthAna rahetuM nathI. azokanA pitAnA ja samayanI e neMdho hovAthI, ane tenA hukamathI ja te kAtarAelI hovAthI, te bezaka sAcI ja che : ema kahevAmAM kAMI harakata nathI. ApaNe e lekha jema jema vAMcatA jaIe chIe tema tema, jANe ke azoka pote ja ApaNuM sAthe vAto karato hoya ane potAnA aMtaranA UMDANanI vAte ApaNane kahI deto hoya, e ja bhAsa ApaNane thayAM kare che. ahIM azokanuM je carita AlekhavAmAM AveluM che te mAtra tenI dharmalipionA AdhAre ja AlekhavAmAM AveluM che, ane tethI ApaNuM hakIkata daMtakathA nathI, paNa ItihAsa ja che ema ApaNe khAtrIpUrvaka kahI zakIe. azoka pitAnI pAchaLa kevI jAtanI ne mukata gayo che? e neMdhanI saMkhyA pUratI che ? temAMnI vigato mahattvanI che? A badhA savAlanA javAba ApavAne mATe tenI dharmalipionI vigatamAM UtaravuM paDe. paNa Ama varUAtamAM ja tenI dharmalipione saMpUrNa ahevAla ApaNe ApavA besIe to ApaNane kadAca kaMTALo Ave. AthI karIne pachInAM prakaraNomAM tevo ahevAla ApavAno vicAra rAkhe che. paNa A prakaraNamAM ane AnA pachInAM prakaraNamAM je kAMI kahevAmAM Ave te barAbara samajAya teTalA mATe e dharmalipionA prakArane kAMIka khyAla ApavAnI jarUra rahe che. ApaNe sA jANIe chIe tema, e badhA lekhe paththaronA upara kotaravAmAM AvelA che. parvatanA upara paDelI zilAonA upara ke ekalaDakala thAMbhalAonA upara ke guphAomAMnI zilAonA upara e lekho kotaravAmAM AvelA che. azokanA zilAlekhAnA be prakAra che:-1) mukhya

Page #25
zilAlekha; ane (2) gaNa zilAlekha. mukhya zilAlekha "cauda mukhya zilAlekhe" tarIke oLakhAya che; kAraNa ke, e lekha saMgrahamAM jUdA jUdA cauda lekhe anukramAnusAra gaThavavAmAM AvelA che. hiMdustAnanI sarahadonI pAse AvI rahelAM judAM judAM sAta sthaLethI e lekhasaMgraha maLI Avelo che. aiNa zilAlekhomAM be bhinna zAsanone samAveza thAya che. mAtra mahilapura (mAIsara)mAMthI maLI AvelI traNa nakalamAM ja e be zAsana eksAthe kotarelAM jovAmAM Ave che. bAkInAM je cAra sthaLethI e gaNu zilAlekhonI nakalo maLI AvelI che te paikInA dareka sthaLe mAtra paheluM ja zAsana kotareluM jovAmAM Ave che. 1 azokanA staMbhalekhanA paNa be vargo paDe che (1) mukhya staMbhalekhe, ane (2) gauNa staMbhalekha. mukhya staMbhalekha "sAta mukhya staMbhalekho' tarIke oLakhAya che; kAraNa ke, jUdA jUdAM cha sthaLethI maLI AvelA e lekhasaMgrahamAM judAM judAM sAta zAsanono samAveza thAya che. gauNa staMbhalekhamAM judAM judAM cAra zAsane samAveza thAya che. azokanA guhAlekho traNa che. vihAra prAMtamAMnA vavara (barAbara) parvatanI guphAomAM e lekhe kotarelA jovAmAM Ave che. e rIte azokanAM ekaMdare nidAna 33 (tetrIsa) zAsana hayAtI dharAve che. ApaNe jema 1. meM "pAMca gauNa zilAlekhe gaNyA che. te Ama-(ka) ane (kha) dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jAdA judA lekho (jemane zrIyuta de, rA bhAMDArakare kaliMganA alaga lekhe" kahyA che te (ga) ane (5) paracuraNa. zilAlekhe; ane (2) vairATane bIje (bhAbrAno zilAlekha. 2. meM "cha gauNa staMbhalekho' gaNyA che. te Ama-(1) lubina; (2) niglIva; (3) sAranAtha (sAMcI (5) kauzAMbI; ane (6) rANuzAsana kharI rIte 35 (pAMtrIsa) zAsane thAya. te AmaH-14 mukhya zilAlekhe 5 gauNa zilAlekhe 7 mukhya staMbhalekhe; 6 gauNu staMbhalekho ane 3 guhAle.

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jema abhyAsa karatA jazuM tema tema ApaNane jaNAtuM jaze ke, azokanI rAjyavyavasthAnI tathA tenI dharmabhAvanAnI ane dharmapracAraka tarIkenI tenI pravRttionI tema ja evA aneka viSayanI bAbatamAM tenAM zAsana puSkaLa mAhitI ApaNane pUrI pADe che. azokanI bAbatamAM vadhAremAM vadhAre jJAna ApI zake tema ja aitihAsika daSTie svIkArI zakAya tevI mAhitI meLavavI hoya te to e zAsananI tapAsa saMbhALapUrvaka karI hoya te paNa basa che. picara' (eTale ke, zani ) tarIke potAnI jAtane oLakhAvanAra rAjAnAM e zAsane che, e vAta e zAsanano abhyAsI sArI rIte jANe che. AjathI Azare paNa varSanA pahelAM jeImsa prinsepa nAmaka aMgreja vidvAne e lekhone ukelavAne prathama prayatna karyo hatA. brAhmI lipine bheda ukelavAnuM mAna e aMgreja vidvAnane ja ghaTe che. e lekhone ukelavA jatAM prinsepa sAhebane "bicarjina' zabdathI bhAre gUMcavADo utpanna thayo. e " jina' koNa haze? te kayA vaMzano haze? te kyA saikAmAM thai gayo haze ? e badhI bAbatonI mAhitI prinsepa sAhebane na hatI. paraMtu siMhaladvIpa (sIlana)mAM sarakArI nokarI karatA-ane pAli bhASAnA - acchA abhyAsI-Tarnara sAhebe tyArapachI turata ja sAbIta karyuM ke, vicani ' ane "azoka' eka ja vyakti hovI joIe. temaNe ema batAvI ApyuM ke, mairyavaMzanA sthApaka caMdraguptanA pitra azokanuM ja bIjuM nAma "picaritra" athavA "cirasana" che, ema siMhaladvIpanA "dIpavaMza" nAmaka itihAsasaMgrahamAM kahyuM che. Tarnara sAhebanA kathananI bAbatamAM haju sudhI te koIe zaMkA uThAvI nathI. vaLI hAlanA nijhAma sarakAranA zolApura prAMtamAMnA "mazki' gAmamAMthI azokanA be gaNu zilAlekho paikInA pahelA zilAlekhanI chaThThI nakala cha varSanA pahelAM maLI AvI tyAre Tarnara sAhebanI kathanane pUrepUrI puSTi maLI gaI; kAraNa ke, e zilAlekhanI pahelI

Page #27
pa ja lITImAM azekanuM nAma cAkheMcAkhkhuM ApeluM che. AthI karIne priyAzana' ane 'azAka' ekaja vyakti che, ane ukta lekhAnA lekhaka maurya vaMzanA sthApaka cadraguptane pAtra che, A khabatamAM have kAMi paNa zaMkAne sthAna rahI zake tema navA. * " tema ja Ama, ApaNA ukta lekhAne lekhaka azoka nAmathI priyazina' nAmathI eLakhAtA hatA, e ApaNe joi gayA. prAcIna kALamAM ApaNA dezamAM rAjAnAM aneka nAma pADavAnA rivAja teA. rAjAnuM potAnuM kharuM nAma pADavAmAM mAtuM, ane tenA uparAMta tenAM bIjA nAmeA paNa paDAtAM. e nAmeA 'khIruda' kahevAtAM. 'priya-cina ' azokanuM khIruda hAvuM joie; kAraNa ke, azokanI mAphaka tenA dAdA caMdraguptane paNa siMhuladIpanA eka itihAsasa MgrahamAM piyajJana' kahyo che. tenA dAdAnuM peAtAnuM nAma caMdragupta' hatuM, enI nA teA kAithI kahI zakAya tema nathI. AthI karIne priyavAna' ke 'priyazana' tenuM khIruda hAvuM joie. azAkanu khIruda 'priyazina' hatuM, ema ApaNe jANIe chIe; ane tethI tenA dAdAnuM khIruda paNa priyAna' nahi hoya paNa 'priyazina' haze. pachInA kALamAM e ne e vaMzanA dAdA ane pAtra e ne e khIruda rAkhatA, evuM ApaNA jovAmAM Ave che. priyavazina' ane 'priyAna' : e be zabdone dekhItI rIte eka ja anA gaNI laIne siMhaladvIpanA itihAsasaMgraho azAkane priyazina' kahe che tema ja priyarzana' paNa kahe che. kharUM jotAM, azeka priyavzana tarIke oLakhAtA na hatA, paNa priyazina' tarIke oLakhAtA hatA, evuM tenI potAnI dharmalipi jotAM jaNAya che tethI svAbhAvika rIte evuM anumAna thai zake che ke, tenA dAdo paNa priyalona' na hatA, paraMtu priyAina hatA. dharmalipimAM mAtra eka ja sthaLe 'aroka' nAma vAparavAmAM AveluM che, ane anya sarva sthaLe priyaza zabda vaparAelA cheH e binA kAMika >

Page #28
vicitra che. paraMtu ghaNuMkharUM pitAnAM basothI ja oLakhAtA rAjAonA aneka dAkhalA ApaNuM jUnA sAhityamAM jovAmAM Ave che. dAkhalA tarIke, mA kheTanA rASTrakUTa vaMzane trIje geviMda atyAra sudhInA tenA lekhonA dvAre "amoghavarSa tarIke ja ApaNane jANItA che. je dharmalipiono vicAra ApaNe karI rahyA chIe temanA lekhakanI bAbatamAM ApaNane vadhAre anukULatA maLe che; kAraNa ke, nidAna eka sthaLe to tenuM potAnuM nAma " azaka' ApavAmAM AveluM che. pitAnAM ghaNuMkharAM zAsanamAM azoka pitAnI jAtane sevAnAMpriya riyala ' tarIke oLakhAve che. e tenuM pUrepUruM bIruda che. paraMtu koIka prasaMge e vAkayamAMnAM be ke traNa padone galata karIne e bIrudane TUMkAvI nAkhavAmAM AveluM jaNAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, azaka pitAnI jAtane "revAnAM-bi priya ' tarIke athavA civa jJA' tarIke athavA vini-priya rA' tarIke athavA te mAtra havAnAM-kara' tarIke paNa oLakhAve che. azokanA pUrepUrA bIrudanuM bIjuM pada sthita che, ane tene vicAra hamaNAM ja ApaNe karI gayA chIe. je snehabhAvathI jue che te': e eno artha zabdazaH thAya che; ane je dekhAve priya che te: e tene artha chUTathI karI zakAya che. kayAre ane zA kAraNe teNe e bIrUda svIkAryuM haze, e ApaNe jANatA nathI; paNa te pitAnA kharA nAma tarIke ja teno upayoga lagabhaga haMmezAM karato hate, eTaluM te cokkasa che. AthI karIne, ApaNe tenuM bhASAMtara na karIe, ane tene ema ne ema rahevA daIe, e vadhAre sAruM che. azoka pote cakravartI hatI. tema chatAM paNa te pitAnI jAtane mAtra "rAjA" tarIke oLakhAve che, e khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. aeaeaaN ke ekasAthe vaparAtAM bhavya bIko-mara' ane 1 ja. ra. e. e., 1908, pR. 482-83.

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zajJApittajJa'-azAkanA kALamAM te vaparAtAM na hatAM, ema jaNAya che. azeka peAtAne 'vaivAnAM-priya' kahe che, e hakIkata teA vaLA vizeSa dhyAnamAM levAnI che. vyAkaraNanA hAlanA abhyAsIone AthI karIne hasavuM zAthI AvatuM haze, e sahaja samajAya tema che. " siddhAMtakAmudI"nA lekhaka zrIyuta bhaTTojI dIkSita ane "abhidhAnacitAmaNo"nA lekhaka zrIyuta hemacadrAcAya kahe che tema devAnAMpriya'nA aya 'mUrkha' athavA 'kamaakkala' thAya che; ane tethI karIne, peAtAnI jAtane levAnAM-priya' tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM arokane zA hetu rahelA haze, eneA vicAra svAbhAvika rIte e abhyAsIone vismayapUrvaka Ave ja. paraMtu eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnu che ke, hAlamAM e zabdanA hIna atha thAya che; paNa zarUAtamAM-khAsa karIne azAkanA samayamAM tA tene! tevA artha thatA na hatA. patalie teA 'ma'nA tathA 'toSAyubhU'nA ane 'AyuSmata'nA amAM e zabdanA upayAga karelA che, ema ApaNe jANIe chIe. AthI ema jaNAya che ke, sanmAnakAraka zabdonI mAphaka haiyAnAM-priya ' zabda paNa zubha. samAdhana tarIke vaparA te hatA. aronA cAda mukhya zilAlekhA paikInA Akrame zilAlekha ApaNe tapAsazuM te ApaNune jaNAze ke, keTalIka nakalAmAM jyAM 'taiyAnAM priya' zabda che tyAM khIjI nakalAmAM rAnAne ' zabda che. Ane a` e thayA ke, rAjAete uddezIne zubha sAdhananA amAM 'haivAnAM-priya' zabda vaparAtA hatA. kharUM jotAM, azokanA samakAlIna siMhularAja tissane 'sthAnAM-priya' nAmaka khIruda lagADeluM 'dIpavaza"mAM jovAmAM Ave che. 1 ghaNuMkharUM e ja khIruda e rAjAne mATe e graMthamAM vaparAyeluM che. zilAlekhA paNa e anumAnane puSTi Ape che. dAkhalA tarIke, nAgArjunInA parvatanI guphrAmAMnA guhAlekhAmAMra rokanA pAtra tarIke oLakhAtA . 1 11, 14, 19, 20, 25 vagere. 2 i. e., 20, 364 ane AgaLa.

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dazaratha rAjAne mATe sevAnAM-pi zabda vaparAele che. te ja pramANe siMhaladvIpamAMthI maLI AvelA keI eka zilAlekhamAM bIjA rAjAonA uparAMta vaMkanAsika-tirUne mATe tema ja gajabAhuka-gAminIne mATe ane mahalaka nAgane mATe A bIrada vaparAeluM che 1 Ama, khristI zaka zarU thayo tenA pahelAM zubha saMbodhana ke sanmAnadarzaka vacana tarIke "sevAnAM-priya ' zabda mAtra rAjAone uddezIne vaparAte hatA. rAjAone devonuM saMrakSaNa hoya che, e mAnyatA darzAvavAne ukta zabdaghaNuM karIne vaparAto hato. AthI karIne, devone priya" athavA "devone lADako' evuM e zabdanuM bhASAMtara ApaNe karIe te cAle. A rIte, devane lADake priyadarzI rAjAH e azokanuM pUrepUruM rAjabIda thayuM. revanAM-zi picara nAgA ghauM mada ( devane lAko priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che), e vAkyathI azokanI ghaNakharI dharmalipionI zarUAta thAya che. DeriyasathI mAMDIne aTe. jharsIsa ekasa sudhInA ekImanADa rAjAonAM rAjazAsananI zarUAta je vAkyathI thatI te vAkyanI sAthe A vAkyanI tulanA meM. senA sAhebe karI che te yogya ja che. eno eka dAkhalo to A rahyo -thAtiya dArayeza yAthiya" ('Derisa rAjA Ama kahe che ). A banne prasaMge saMbodhananI zarUAtamAM trIjA puruSavALuM vAkya vaparAeluM che. vaLI, eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM levA jevuM che ke, e vAkayanI pachI turata ja pahelA puruSavALuM vAkya vaparAeluM che. aze ke anukaraNa karIne irAnanI A rUDhine upayoga karyo hato, ema te alabatta keIthI kahI zakAya tema nathI; kAraNa ke, rAjazAsanakhAtA- (royala cesarI)nI lekhapaddhati (proTekTala)nA anusAra A paNa 1 e. jhI. 1, 60 2 I. sa. 20, 255-256

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eka lekha hite, evI neMdha laiTiTyakRta "arthazAstramAM karelI che; ane tethI, e rUDhi azokanA pahelAMnA kALamAM pracalita hatI, ema sAbIta thAya che. tema chatAM paNa, krAMsana e vidvAna mAne che tema ApaNe paNa eTaluM te jarUra mAnI zakIe ke, hiMduoe mULa irAnI lekhapaddhatino svIkAra karyo hato. hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakoNanA upara ekImeniyana lokoe caDhAI karIne potAnuM rAjataMtra sthApyuM tene laIne tevI rUTine svIkAra thayo hato, ema paNa ApaNe mAnI zakIe. azoka pitAnAM zAsanamAM jyAM jyAM sAla Ape che tyAM tyAM potAnA rAjyAbhiSekathI mAMDIne varSonI gaNatrI kare che. azoka pite gAdIe beTho tyArapachI cAra varSe tene rAjyAbhiSeka thayo hato, evI siMhaladvIpanI kathAne vidvAnoe AnA pariNAmamAM kharI mAnI lIdhI che. paraMtu e daMtakathA te ApaNane ema paNa kahe che ke, pitAne bApa marI gayo tyArapachI azeke potAnA navvANuM bhAionI katala karIne gAdI pacAvI pADI hatI ane potAnA sauthI nAnA bhAI tiSyane ja jIvato rahevA dIdho hato. paNa azokanI dharmalipio A daMtakathAne khoTI pADe che; kAraNa ke, e lekhomAM te tenA mAtra eka ja bhAIne ullekha nathI, paNa aneka bhAIone ulekha che, ane e badhA bhAIo tenA pATanagara(pATaliputra)mAM rahetA hatA eTaluM ja nahi, paNa sAmrAjyamAMnAM bIjA zaheromAM paNa rahetA hatA. A daMtakathAnA A bhAgane ApaNe kabUla rAkhatA nathI to pachI, azoke gAdI pacAvI pADI tyArapachI cAra varSe tene rAjyAbhiSeka thayo hato, evuM e ja daMtakathAnA je bhAgamAM kahyuM che te bhAgane ApaNe zA mATe vaLagI rahevuM joie? kharuM jotAM te, azoka pitAnA rAjakALanA amuka banAve pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekanI pachI amuka varSe banelA hovAnuM jaNAve 1 I. e. 7, -1ra

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10 C che tenA uparathI * azeAka gAdIe beThA ane tenA rAjyAniSeka thayA, e be banAvanI vacce amuka varSanA gALA paDayA hatA' evuM anumAna zI rIte thaI zake, e ja samajI zakAtuM nathI. nAgAInI nA paryaMtanI guDhDhAmAM traNa lekhA che temanA vicAra A dRSTie karavA jevA che. azAkanA paitra dazarathanA rAjyAbhiSekanI sAthanI pachInI ja sAlanA e lekhA che. e lekhAnI sAla ApatAM dazarathanA rAjyAbhiSekanA ullekha karavAmAM AvelA che tethI, je varSe dazaraya gAdIe beThA te ja varSe tenA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA na ho, paNa e e banAvAnI vacce amuka varSanA gALA paDayA hatA ' evuM anumAna ApaNe karI zakIe kharA ? AthI karIne, azAka gAdIe eThI tyArapachI cAreka varSo vItyAM tyAre ja tene rAjyAbhiSeka thaye hatA, evuM mAnI levAne kAMi khAsa kAraNu jaNAtuM nathI. * peAtAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA vArSika utsava UjavavAnI veLAe kedIone chUTA karavAnA rivAja aze ke rAkhyA hatA, ema jaNAya che. tenA sAta mukhya rata bhalekhA paikInA pAMcamA staMbhalekha jotAM AvuM anumAna thai zake che. e lekhanA aMtabhAgamAM teNe kahyuM che ke, mArA rAjyAbhiSekane vIsa varSoM vItyAM te samayamAM meM pacIsa veLAe baMdhanamAkSa karyAM che." chavIsa varSoMmAM pacIsa veLAe kedIone chUTA karavAmAM AvelA tethI evA niya karI zakAya che ?, e lekha lakhAyA hatA tyAre azokanA rAjakALanuM chatrIsamuM varSa pUrU thayuM na hatuM, paNa cAlatuM hatuM. AthI ema sAkhIta thAya che ke, peAtAnA jIvananA prasa MgAne lagatAM je varSe azA jaNAvyAM che te tenA rAjakALanAM cAlu varSoM che. keTalAka vidvAnA mAne che. tema te tenA rAjakALanAM gata varSoM nathI. 66 ,, kATilya potAnA " arthazAstra " mAM jaNAve che ke, amuka divaseAe prANInA gaMne nArA na karavA, athavA teA tene sunnI na karAvavI, evI manA rAjAe karavI joie. rAjAnA ane dezanA.

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valI paNa bi liMga mAM nakSatranA divasene samAveza e divasomAM Tilya karyo che. sAta mukhya staMbhalekho paikInA pAMcamA staMbhalekhamAM azake sunnInI ane prANInA zarIranA upara ciha pADavAnI bAbatano ullekha karelo che, ane kyA kyA divasoe tema karavAno niSedha teNe karele che te paNa temAM teNe jaNAveluM che. emAMnA ghaNAkharA divase kaeNTilya gaNAvelA divasone maLatA Ave che, e navAIbharelI binA che. vaLI, khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM te e che ke, teNe mAtra be ja nakSatradina-tiSya ane punarvasu-emAM gaNAvyA che. te paikIno eka nakSatradina ghaNuM karIne rAjAno nakSatradina hato, ane bIje nakSatradina ghaNuM karIne dezane nakSatradina hato. Ama che to pachI e savAla Ubho thAya che ke, te paikInuM kayuM nakSatra rAjAnuM haze, ane kayuM nakSatra dezanuM haze ? eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA lekhomAM (kaliMganA alaga zilAlekhamAM) paNa tiSya nakSatrane ullekha karavAmAM Avela che. tAjetaramAM jItI lIdhelA kaliMga prAMtanA adhikArIone uddezIne ane temanA mArgadarzaka tarIke ja A lekho azake kAtarAvelA hatA. temanA lAbhane mATe dara tiSyanakSatradine e lekhanuM vAcana karavuM, evo hukama temAM azoke kareluM che. AthI eTaluM te spaSTa thAya che ke, te be nakSatro paikInA punarvasu nakSatranA karatAM tiSya nakSatrane azoka vadhAre mahattva ApatA hovA joIe. sAdhAraNa rIte bakSanI yAdImAM tiSyanakSatrane punarvasu-nakSatranI pachI gaNAvavAmAM Ave che to paNa, azekanA pAMcamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM eka sthaLe nahi paNa be sthaLe tiSya-nakSatrane punarvasu-nakSatranA pahelAM gaNAvavAmAM AveluM che. Ama tiSya-nakSatrane ghaNuM mahatva apAtuM hovAthI, te rAjAnuM nakSatra hovuM joIe, evo nirNaya karatAM kAMI harata. Ave tema nathI. A anumAna kharUM hoya to dezanuM nakSatra punarvasu Thare che. ahIM, "deza" eTale "magadha deza', ema samajavAnuM che ? evuM zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara kahe che. aza

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azakanI dharmalipiono saMbaMdha dharmanI sAthe rahelo che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e dharmane pracAra karavAnA hetuthI teNe je upAye yojelA te upAyonI sAthe paNa rahe che. AthI karIne, azoka bauddhapaMthI banyo tenA pachInA tenA jIvananA ane tenI kArakIrdIinA saMbaMdhamAM e dharmalipio ghaNuM jANavA jevuM ApaNane jaNAve che. azokanA zarUAtanA gRhajIvananA ane jAhera jIvananA saMbaMdhamAM e dharmalipi je thoDIka mAhitI ApaNane pUrI pADe che tene vicAra ApaNe ahIM karazuM. azokanA rAjakALanA teramA varSa sudhI tenAM keTalAMka bhAIbahena jIvatAM hatAM, ane teo pATalaputramAM tema ja sAmrAjyamAMnAM bIjAM zaheramAM paNa rahetAM hatAM, e hakIkta ApaNe upara vAMcI gayA. azokano avarodhana" (jhanAno) paNa bezaka hatA ja. tene keTalI rANIo hatI, e ApaNe jANatA nathI. paNa tene nidAna be rANIo to hatI ja, kAraNa ke, potAnI eka dharmalipimAM potAnI bIjI rANIno ullekha azoke kareluM che. e rANIne bIjI rANI" kahevAmAM AvI che, e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, tenA kALamAM rANIone anukrama nakkI thaele hato. e bIjI rANInuM nAma " kAvAkI" hatuM, ane te rANIthI azokane thaelA putranuM nAma tIvara' hatuM. e rANI khuzI thaIne je kAMI dAna kare tenuM puNya e rANIne maLe, e bAbatanI khAtrI ApavAnA hetuthI e zilAlekha azoke karAvyo hato. sAtamA mukhya taMbhalekhamAM azake pite kahyuM che tema, dAna karavAnI bAbatamAM rAjakuTuMbanAM mANasone samajAvavAnA hetuthI ane e dAnanI vyavasthA barAbara rIte thAya teTalA mATe keTalAka adhikArIone teNe nImelA hatA. ahIM azake pitAnA rAjakuTuMbanAM kayAM mANasone ullekha kare che, e tapAsavuM rasabharyuM thaI paDaze. alabatta, prathama te te potAnI jAtane ane potAnI rANIono ullekha kare che, paNa pitAnI rANIone

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ullekha karIne pachI tarata ja te pitAnA "savIrane (jhanAnAne) ullekha kare che. te pite kahe che tema, e " dhana'manAM (jhanAnAmAMnAM) mANasa pATanagaramAM vasatAM hatAM eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu prAMtomAM paNa vasatAM hatAM. je koi vAcaka e lekhane kALajIpUrvaka vAMcaze tene eTaluM to turata ja jaNAI Avaze ke, azokanA "avarodhanamAM (jhanAnAmAM) mAtra tenI rANIo ja na hatI. Ama che te pachI savAla e thAya che , temAM bIjI kayI strIo haze, vArU ? azokanAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIonI strIo to temAM na ja hoI zake; kAraNa ke, te strIone "yavadhana" (jhanano) zabda lAgU pADI na zakAya. te pachI te azokanI rakhAto haze ? A bAbatamAM kAMI cokkasapaNe kahI zakAtuM nathI. paraMtu eTaluM to spaSTa che ke, azokanA "avaroghara" mAM (jhanAnAmAM) tenI rANIo hatI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa UtaratA darajajAnI panazIna strIo paNa hatI. azokanA saMbaMdhamAM siMhaladvIpamAM je daMtakathA pracalita che te AnA saMbaMdhamAM ahIM yAda AvI jAya che. e daMtakathAmAM ema kahyuM che ke, azokano pitA jIvato hato te vakhate azoka ujajayinIne mahAmAtra hato tyAre teNe "STi"(zeTha ). nI jJAtinI kaI strInI sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhyo hato. hAlanA jillAnI pAsenA hAlanA besagara (prAcIna vidizAnagara)mAM e strI rahetI hatI. azeke gAdI pacAvI pADI ane e strIthI potAne thaelAM karAMne te pitAnA pATanagaramAM pitAnI sAthe teDato gayo tyAre paNa e strI te vidizAnagaramAM ja rahetI hatI. azokanI rANuonA uparAMta rakhAta paNa hatI; ane teno badho ja " dha" (jhanAno) pATaliputramAM na hatA, paNa temAMnI keTalIka strIo prAMtamAM paNuM rahetI hatIH evuM je anumAna azokanA uparyukta staMbhalekhanI uparathI bAMdhI zakAya che tene upalI daMtakathAthI puSTi maLe che. e ja staMbhalekhamAM rAjakuTuMbanAM dAnanI

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14 vyavasthA karavAnA sabaMdhamAM vadhArAmAM azeke potAnA putrAne ane bIjA devIkumArAnA ullekha karelo che. Ama teNe devIkumAreAthI rAjakumArane jUdA gaNyA che. e devIkumArA kANu haze ? dhaNu karIne azeka peAtAnI devI(rANI)nA putrAnI vAta ahIM nathI karatA. paNa potAnA pitAnI devI(rANI)na!-peAtAnI mAtAnA- putrAnA (peAtAnA sAvakA bhAiene) ullekha kare che. azAkane keTalA putrA hatA, e ApaNe jANatA nathI. paraMtu, tene nidAna cAra putrA haze, evuM anumAna thai zake che. prAcIna kALamAM eve rivAja hatA ke, banatAM sudhI te peAtAnA putrane ja rAjA peAtAnA prAMtAnA mahAmAtrA tarIke nImatA. azAkanI dharmAM lipaemAM AvA rAjakumAronA ullekha thaelA che. takSazilA, ujiyano, suvarNagiri, ane teAli e cAra sthaLeA paikInA dareka sthaLe azokanA ekeka rAjakumAra mahAmAtra tarIke nImAyA hatA. A sthaLeAnI oLakhANa AvatA prakaraNamAM ApaNe karI lezuM. ahIM te ApaNe eTalI noMdha lezuM ke, arokane nidAna cAra putrA teA hatA. TUMkAmAM kahIe teA, aze!kanuM kuTuMba bahu moTuM hatuM. tene aneka bhAibahena hatAM, ane teo pATaliputramAM tema ja bahAranA prAMtAmAM rahetAM hatAM. te paikInA keTalAka bhAie tA azokanA sagA bhAI ja hatA; paNa khIjA keTalAka bhAie teA vividha mAtAethI azokanA bApane thaelA hAi azAkanA sAvakA bhAI thatA hatA. pATanagaramAM tema ja prAMtAmAM azAkanA ' avarodhana ' ( jhanAnA) hatA. temAM tenI rANIo rahetI eTaluM ja nahi paNa bIjI je strIonI sAthe tene saMbaMdha hatA te strIe paNa rahetI. tene nidAna e rANIo hatI. te paikInI eka rANInuM nAma 'kAvAkI' hatuM. azekane nidAna cAra putrA hatA. kAruvAkInA putra 'tIvara' tenA cAra putro paikInA eka putra hatA ke kema, e nakkI karI zakAya tema nathI. azAkanA gRhajIvananI bhAkhatamAM ApaNane kAMI ja mAhitI nathI, ema kahIe teA cAle. enI dhalipi e bAbatanI

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kAMI ja mAhitI ApatI nathI. tema chatAM paNa tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhe paikInA chaThThA zilAlekhamAMno thoDeka bhAga mahattvano che. sarvatra ane sarva prasaMge te lekenAM kAma karato, enuM varNana emAM azoke kareluM che. tenA pahelAM thaI gaelA koI paNa rAjAe jevuM kAma karyuM na hatuM tevuM kAma sarvatra ane sarva prasaMge karavAne prabaMdha teNe pote karele, ema e zilAlekhamAM azoke jaNAvyuM che. je sthaLe azoka pote prathama potAno vakhata nAhaka gALato ane pachIthI je sthaLe te pote lekanAM kAma karato te sthaLonAM nAma svAbhAvika rIte teNe emAM maNAvyAM che. te kahe che ke, "AthI meM Ama karyuM che huM bhajana karato houM ke jhanAnAmAM houM, zayanagRhamAM houM ke darabArI DAramAM houM, ghoDe beThe houM ke udyAnamAM houM tyAre paNa samAcAra ApanArA lekAe kenAM kAmathI mane vAkepha karavo." AthI ema spaSTa thAya che ke, azoka kAmathI paravArI raheto ane nidrAdhIne paNa na thato tyAre te pitAnA pATanagaramAM kAM to bhejanagRhamAM bhojana uDAvatA athavA te jhamAnAmAMnI strIonI sAthe moja karate athavA to ArAmagRhamAM geSTivinoda karate athavA to darabArI ghoDAonI saMbhALa lete athavA to ghoDe besIne sahela karato athavA te bagIcAmAM besIne maja mANato. A sarva bAbatamAM teno zokha kevA prakArane hato, enI kazI mAhitI ApaNane maLatI nathI. paNa tene kevA prakAranuM bhajana bhAvatuM, e to ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe. jIvaMta prANuone vadha thato aTakAvavAnI bAbatamAM te pite sakhta pagalAM bharI rahyo hatA. tema chatAM paNa pitAnA darabArI rasoDAnI bAbatamAM teNe lAka apavAda karyA hatA. pitAnA cauda mukhya zilAlekhe paikInA pahelA zilAlekhamAM te kahe che ke, "paraMtu have A dharmalipi lakhAI tyAre sUpAthe mAtra traNa prANIo haNAtAM hatAM-be mera ane eka haraNa; paraMtu e haraNa paNa niyamita rIte haNAtuM nahi.

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pachIthI A traNa prANIone paNa haNavAmAM Avaze nahi." ahIM azake eTaluM te kabUla karyuM che ke, bIjAM badhAM prANIono vadha teNe pote baMdha karAvyo hato te paNa tenA pitAnA bhajananA kAme mero ane haraNane vadha karavAnI chUTa teNe ApI hatI. A prANIonuM mAMsa tene bhAvatuM haze, ema AthI spaSTa thAya che. vaLI e be jAtanAM prANIo paikI ghaNuMkharUM haraNane vadha thavA devAmAM Avato na hase tethI evuM paNa anumAna thaI zake che ke, tene meranI jAtanAM prANIonuM mAMsa bahu bhAvatuM hovuM joIe. "saMyuttanikAya" ne lagatA potAnA bhAgyamAM buhaSe je kahyuM che te AnA saMbaMdhamAM ahIM noMdhavA jevuM che. buddhoSa kahe che ke, "sarahadanI pAsenA prAtanA lokone gaMDupAda bahu bhAve che; paNa madhyadezanA lekene emanI sUga caDhe che." 1 AvuM hoIne, madhyadezane rahIza azoka mAranuM mAMsa khAvAnuM lAMbA kALa sudhI mukI daI na zako, emAM kAMI navAI nathI. tema chatAM paNa, pitAnA ukta lekhamAM teNe vacana ApyuM che tema, pAchaLathI teTaluM mAMsa paNa tyajI daIne te zuddha zAkAhArI banyA haze ja. e bAbatamAM zaMkA rAkhavAnI jarUra rahetI nathI. pitAnA bIjA eka lekhamAM azoke pitAnA gRhajIvananI thoDIka jhAMkhI ApaNane karAvI che. pitAnA cAra mukhya zilAlekho pikInA AThamA zilAlekhamAM teNe kahyuM che ke, ghaNAM varSothI rAjAo vihArayAtrAe nIkaLI paDatA, ane tyAM zikAra tathA evA ja bIjA AnaMdetsava thatA paraMtu potAne rAjyAbhiSeka thayo tyArathI mAMDIne dasamA varSe teNe pote saMbaMdhinI (je sthaLe buddha bhagavAnane jJAna thayuM hatuM te sthaLanI) mulAkAta lIdhI tyArathI e vihArayAtrAonA badalAmAM dharmayAtrAonI cAjanA karI hatI. ahIM azeka ApaNane ema kahevA mAge che ke, bIjA badhA rAjAonI mAphaka te pote paNa potAnA rAjyAbhiSekathI mAMDIne dasamA varSa 1. i. sa. 1898 mAM siMhaladvApamAM zera vimalabuddhie prakaTa karelA buddha ghoSakRta "rAthasiMghA" 5. 04 tathA AgaLa

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sudhI te vihArayAtrAe jAte, ane tyAM aneka prakAranA AnaMdotsava te Ujavato; ane temAM mukhya utsava to zikAra hato. ukta vihArayAtrAnI bAbatamAM ApaNe kAMI paNa khyAla bAMdhI zakatA nathI; kAraNa ke, azoke pote tenI koI vigato ApI nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa prAcIna sAhityanA koI paNa graMthamAMthI paNa e bAbatanI hakIkta ApaNane maLI AvatI nathI. tema chatAM paNa "mahAbhAratanA AzramavAsikaparvamAM vihArayAtrAne ullekha kareluM jovAmAM Ave che. potAnA se putronA maraNathI dhRtarASTrane je bhAre zoka thayo hato tenuM vismaraNa karAvavAnA hetuthI yudhiSThire evI vihArayAtrA nijI hatI, ema jaNAya che. evI vihArayAtrAmAM zuM zuM thatuM, enI vigata e. parvamAMnA mAtra eka ja lekamAM ApelI che. e mAM kahyuM che ke, "Aralika ( jAdugara ?) tathA mukhya rasoIAo ane rAga tathA zADava gAnArA gavaiyAo zaheramAM rAjA patarASTranI tahenAtamAM rahetA tema tyAM paNa rahetA." 1 e rIte dhRtarASTranI vihArayAtrA daramyAna saMgIta thatuM, pakavAnnanAM bhojana thatAM ane jAdugaranA khele paNa thatA. ahIM zikArano ullekha thaelo nathI; kAraNa ke, rASTra AMdhaLo hato tethI zikAramAM rasa na laI zake, e dekhItuM che. paraMtu vihArayAtrAno ullekha karatAM azoka mAtra zikAranI ja vAta kare che, paNa bIjA vihAranI bAbatamAM kAMI kaheto ja nathI; ane tethI karIne ema jaNAya che ke, tenA kALamAM vihArayAtrAnA kAryakramamAM zikArane mahattvanuM sthAna apAtuM hatuM. kharuM jotAM, rAjAo zikAramAM eTalA badhA racyApacyA rahetA ke, hiMdu-rAjanItizAstrane lagatAM pustake lakhanArA keTalAka prAcIna vidvAnoe zikArane durgaNa mAnyo che, ane "zikAra na karavo' e upadeza paNa temaNe Apela che. dAkhalA tarIke, "pizana" nAmaka vidvAna lekhaka zikArane vakhoDI kADhe che; kAraNa ke, tenA pariNAmamAM lUTArAono ane duzmanone 1. 1, 18.

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tathA jaMgalI prANIone ane dAvAnaLane bhaya Ubho thAya che tema ja Thokara khAvAnI bIka rahe che ane caturdizAno bheda dhyAnamAM rahI zakato nathI, vagere vagere. enI viruddha jaIne kauTilya te zikAranI khAsa bhalAmaNa kare che, kAraNa ke, te kahe che tema, zikArathI kasarata maLe che ane carabI tathA pitta kamI thAya che, tathA sthAvara ane jaMgama vastuonI sAme nizAna tAkavAnI kaLA AvaDe che tema ja prANIonA mananuM jJAna thAya che ane teo khIjavAya tyAre sadA sarvadA haraphara karyA kare che tenuM jJAna paNa thAya che. kAlidAsa kavie pitAnA "zAkuMtala" nATakanA bIjA aMkamAM duSyatanA mukhe zikAranI prazaMsA karAvIne upalA phAyadAo gaNAvyA che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. e mahAkavie potAnA e nATakanA pahelA . be aMkamAM zikAranuM aNuM citra ApaNI sAme khaDuM karI ApeluM che. azokanA lagabhaga samakAlIna megAsthanIse paNa darabArI zikAranuM varNana kareluM che. te kahe che tema, rAjA potAnA rAjamahelane choDIne bahAra nIkaLI paDe che temAM tene mukhya hetu te "zikAre javuM, e che. e kAme te dArU pIne masta banelA isamanA je banI jAya che. enI AsapAsa aneka strIo ToLe vaLe che, ane emanI bahAranI bAjue bhAlA dharAvatA puruSo goThavAI jAya che. rastAnI banne bAjue doraDAM bAMdhI levAmAM Ave che, ane e deraDAnI aMdara thaIne cAlanAra puruSa ke strI maraNanuM ja zaraNa le che. svArInI zarUAtamAM Dhela ane ghaMTa vagADatA leke cAle che. rAjA baMdhiyAra jagyAmAM zikAra kare che. mAMcaDAnI upara caDhIne te tIra mAre che. tenI bAjumAM be strIo sazastra UbhI rahI che. te khullAmAM zikAra kare che te hAthInI pIThanI upara besI rahIne te tIra mAre che. keTalIka strIo rathamAM beThI hoya che te keTalIka o gheDe beThI hoya che, ane keTalIka strIo te hAthInI upara 1. kauTilyA "arthazAstra", pR. 327.

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paNa beThelI hoya che, ane teo jANe koI laDAI karavAne tI hoya tema badhI jAtanAM hathiyArothI sajaja thaelI hoya che." A zAkuMtala" nATakamAM paNa duSyatanA zikArane koI caDhAI tarIke ja varNave che; ane potAnA hAthamAM kAmaThAM rAkhIne sajja thaelI yavana strIo rAjAnI tahenAtamAM rahetI hatI, ema paNa e nATakamAM jaNAveluM che. pitAnA samakAlIna ke purogAmI rAjAonI mAphaka azoka paNa pitAnA yauvanakALamAM AvA vihAramAM AnaMda mAnate haze, ema sArI peThe kalpI zakAya che. paraMtu prANunA jIvanI pavinnatAe pAchaLathI enA mananI upara eTalI badhI asara karI hatI ke, jenAthI nirdayatA ke jIvanI hiMsA thavA pAme evA ke paNa Ana detsavamAM te bhAga leto nahi . azoka pite bauddhapaMthane custa dharmopadezaka banyo tenA pahelAM rAjA tarIke te ke have e jevAne prayatna have ApaNe karazuM. rAjA tarIkenA tenA jIvananI kAMI ja khabara ApaNane nathI. mAtra tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekha paikInA pahelA zilAlekhamAM e bAbatanI kAMIka jhAMkhI ApaNane thAya che. tenA AdhAre ema jaNAya che ke, bIjA badhA rAjAonI mAphaka azokane paNa pitAnI prajAne jamADavAnI ane AnaMda karAvavAnI Teva hatI. prajAne khuzI ane saMtavI rAkhavAnA hetuthI azoka Ama karato hoya, e banavAjaga che. eNe zarU karelA jAhera utsava paikIne eka utsava 'samAja' nAmathI oLakhAto hato. " samAja nA be prakAra hatA. eka prakAranA samAjamAM lekene pakavAna pIrasavAmAM AvatAM hatAM, ane temAM mAMsane agrasthAna maLatuM hatuM. bIjA prakAranA samAjamAM nAca thato ane saMgIta thatuM tathA kustI thatI tema ja evA bIjA khelethI prajAne AnaMda karAvavAmAM AvatuM. dekhItI rIte pahelA prakArano samAja prItibhojananA je hato athavA to eka jatana 1. I. e. , 132. -

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rasagI meLo hato. bIjA prakArane samAja prajAne AnaMda karAvavAnA hetuthI bharavAmAM AvatA hatA. A bIjA prakAranA samAjane "samAnAra" athavA "prekSAgAra' kahI zakAya. bhegA thaelA "lene meLe" evo paNa ene artha karI zakAya. brAhmaNasAhityamAM tema ja bauddha sAhityamAM "samAja" nA je dAkhalAo varNavelA che te badhA ema sUcave che ke, lekene pakavAnna khavADavAM tema ja suMdara dazya batAvavAM ane mehaka saMgIta saMbhaLAvavuM, e evA samAjeno mukhya hetu hato ApaNA dezanA prAcIna kALanA rAjAone samAje bharavAnI Teva hatI, emAM to kAMI ja zaMkA nathI; kAraNa ke, ene ghaNuM dAkhalA mojuda che. kaTaka gAmamAMthI maLI AvelA hAthIguphAnA zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che ke, kaliMganA rAjA khAravele utsava UjavIne ane samAje bharIne pitAnA pATanagaranA lekane AnaMda karAvyo hato. dakSiNanA rAjA gautamIputra zAtakaNue paNa lagabhaga evuM ja karyuM hatuM, ema nAzikane guhAlekha vAMcatAM jaNAya che. kauTilya paNa pitAnA arthazAstra" mAM kahe che ke, "potAnA dezanA ke devanA samAjanI ke utsavanI ke vihAranI pratyenA (prajAnA) zokhanuM anukaraNa rAjAe karavuM." 1 A banne prakAranA samAje azake UjavelA lAge che. paraMtu tene pahele mukhya zilAlekha vAMcIne ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe ke, te dharmopadeza karavA lAgyo tyAre bhojanamAM pIrasAvAne mATe mAMsa meLavavAnA hetuthI je samAjamAM prANIone vadha thato hato te samAjane teNe niSiddha gaNyA hatA. bIjA samAjamAM kAMI paNa vadhAbhareluM na hovAthI tevA samAje .bharavAnI chUTa teNe ApI hatI; paNa jAhera khela karavAnA prakAramAM teNe De pheraphAra karyo hate khare. je khelethI prajAne AnaMda maLe tema ja temanAmAM dharma janma ane vikase tathA prasare te 1. "arthazAstra, pR. 407.

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khele karAvavAnuM teNe bezaka rAkhyuM haze. AvAM dRzyonI oLakhANa pachIthI koIka prakaraNamAM ApaNe karI lezuM. . rAjanItinA vicArathI e ja dizAmAM bIjuM eka pagaluM bharavAnuM azokane sUjhayuM hoya, ema lAge che. e ja zilAlekhamAM te kahe che ke, agAu darabArI rasoDAmAM dararoja ghaNAMka-seMkaDo ne hajAre prANIone vadha thatuM hatuM. mahAbhArata" nA vanaparvamAM varNavelA AvA prakAranA prasaMgane A prasaMga bahu ja maLato Ave che. vanaparvamAM kahyuM che ke, raMtideva rAjAnA rasoDAmAM dararoja be hajAra hereno ane be hajAra gAyane vadha karavAmAM Avato hato, ane prajAne maphata mAMsa pUruM pADIne teNe advitIya khyAti meLavI hatI. ApaNA dezanAM keTalAMka dezI rAjyomAM Aje paNa sadAkAta mAMDavane rivAja che. raMtidevanI mAphaka azake paNa kapriya thavAnA hetuthI pitAnI prajAne maphata mAsa pUruM pADavAnI prathA pADI haze, ema lAge che. paraMtu tene AtmA jAgRta thayo ane teNe dharmopadeza karavA mAMDayo tyArathI teNe A bhayaMkara jIvahiMsA ekadama baMdha karI dIdhI hatI. . azeke bauddhapathane svIkAryo tyAM sudhI sAmAnya vyakti tarIke te kevA prakArane hatA, e upara ApaNe joI gayA. A badhI mAhitI spaSTa ane saMpUrNa te nathI ja. tema chatAM paNa e badhI mAhitI mAtra daMtakathA nathI, paNa vizvAsapAtra hakIkata che. tenuM kuTuMba kevA prakAranuM hatuM ? tenA pitAne zekha kevA prakArane hato? tene zuM zuM bhAvatuM ane gamatuM hatuM? rAjA tarIkenA kAmamAMthI paravArIne te kevA prakAranA vihArane upabhoga karate hato? e badhuM ApaNe jANuM zakIe chIe. vaLI, rAjA tarIke teNe kyAM bIruda rAkhyAM hatAM ? rAjA tarIkenI potAnI kArakIrdi kevI rIte teNe zarU karI ? lekene AnaMda ApIne potAnA karI levAnI bAbatamAM kevAM pagalAM teNe bharyA ? e badhuM ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe. kedIone

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kedakhAnAmAMthI choDI daIne te pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekane vArSika utsava niyamita rIte Ujavate, ema ApaNe jANI lIdhuM che. te bauddhapaMthI banyo tenA pahelAMnI- eTale ke, pitAnA rAjakALanA AThamA varSamAM teNe kaliMga dezane jItI lIdhe tyAM sudhInI- rAjA tarIkenI tenI oLakhANa ATalI ja ApaNane maLI zake che. enA rAjakALanA zarUAtanA samayamAM kAMI banAva banelA ke nahi, tema ja evI ja caDhAIo teNe karelI ke nahi? e bAbatanI mAhitI ApaNane maLI zakatI nathI. teNe kaliMga dezanAM upara vijaya meLavyo, e ja tenA rAjakALane sauthI pahele banAva tenI dharmalipiomAM nedhAela che. vaitaraNa nadInI ane laMguliya nadInI vacce, baMgALAnA upasAgaranA kAMThAnI pAse je bhUbhAga hato te e kALane kaliMga deza hatuM, ema lAge che. kaliMganI laDAInuM achuM varNana pitAnA zilAlekhamAM azeke kareluM che. te kahe che tema, "deDha lAkha mANaso pakaDAyAM hatAM (ane) eka lAkha mANaso haNAyAM hatAM ane tenAthI aneka gaNuM mANaso marI gayAM hatAM." A AMkaDAo te mAtra kaliMga dezane lagatA ja che. azokanA pitAnA lazkaranAM mANaso mAryA gayAM haze, enI gaNatrI to AmAM karelI nathI. AthI karIne ApaNe eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, kaliMganA jevA nAnA pradezamAM ja eka lAkha mANaso samarAMgaNamAM mAryA gayAM hatAM, ane tenAthI aneka gaNuM mANaso ghavAvAthI ke bhUkhamarAthI marI gayAM hatAM, ane deDha lAkha mANaso to kedI tarIke pakaDAyAM hatAM. kaliMganA jevA nAnakaDA pradezane vicAra ApaNe karIe to te A AMkaDAo bezaka coMkAvanArA gaNI zakAya. hAlanA samayamAM laDAImAM vaparAtAM hathiyAre jevAM rAkSasI ane chavaloNuM hoya che tevAM te jamAnAmAM na hatAM. tema chatAM paNa laDAI keTalI bhayAnaka nIvaDatI haze, ene khyAla AthI AvI zake che. kaliMganI laDAI thaI tyArapachI turata ja

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azeke bauddhapaMthane svIkAryo, ane te dharmopadeza karavA lAge. e laDAIne yAda karatAM ja tene atizaya pazcAttApa thato hato. te pote kahe che tema, na chatAelA pradezane jItavAmAM Ave che te prasaMge leke ghAyala thAya che tathA mare che tema ja kedI tarIke pakaDAya che paNa kharA. alabatta, A badhuM duHkhadAyaka che. paraMtu enAthI vadhAre zokakAraka to e che ke, jeo mare che ke haNAya che ke kedI tarIke pakaDAya che te paikInA aneka leke dharmaparAyaNa hoya, e saMbhavita che; ane temanA mitra tathA oLakhItA leke ane temanAM saMgAsaMbaMdhIo pote sahIsalAmata hovAthI ane temane atizaya cAhatAM hovAthI e saune paNa AvI sthitimAM duHkha thavAno saMbhava rahe che. "badhA lekAnA bhAge AvuM Ave che, ane devone lADakAe tene zekakAraka gayuM che." A zilAlekhanI bhASAmAM azokanI pitAnI UMDI lAgaNuM dekhA daI rahI che; ane ati jUnI e zilAo pazcAttApa karanArA AtmAnAM duHkha Aje paNa pokArI rahI che. A pazcAttApa hRdayasparzI hato, emAM to kAMI ja zaka nathI. A zilAlekha katarAelo tyAre kaliMga dezamAM aze ke dharmanuM pAlana tathA dharmecchakapaNuM ane dharma sUcanA zarU karI dIdhAM hatAM. koI dezane navesara tAbe karavAmAM Avyo hoya ane te asvastha sthitimAM hoya tyAre tyAM rAjyavyavasthA barAbara saMbhALavAnuM ane suleha jALavavAnuM kAma je adhikArIone soMpavAmAM AvyuM hoya teo nyAyanI ane dayAnI hadane oLaMgI jAya, e bhaya rahe che. azokanA amaladAree paNa AvI jAtanuM ullaMghana kareluM, evuM jaNAya che; ane azokanA eka zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyuM che tema, azake temane khUba Thapake Apela. vaLI, bhaviSyamAM AvA prakAranuM ullaMghana na thavA pAme, e hetuthI azoke kevI jAtanAM pagalAM lIdhelAM : e paNa tenA eka zilAlekhamAM jaNAveluM che. kaliMganI A laDAInA amAnuSIpaNAthI ane anyAyIpaNuthI azokanuM mana

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24 jayane lagatI bIjI vAra Ave che. eTaluM badhuM gherAI gayuM hatuM ke, kaliMga dezamAM potAno zilAlekha ketarAvavAmAM paNa tene zarama lAgatI hatI. kaliMga dezamAMnAM be sthaLoe tenA zilAlekho kotarAelA jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu, bIjI badhI jagyAe azokanI bIjI dharmalipionI sAthe sAthe kaliMganA vijayane lagatA zilAlekha paNa kotarAvavAmAM Avela che tyAre kaliMga dezamAMnI dharmaliApaomAMthI te e dezanA vijayane lagatA zilAlekhane bAtala ja karavAmAM Avelo che. kharekhara, ahIM to pazcAttApanI ane zaramanI hada vaLI che! - azake bIjI koI paNa caDhAI nahi karI hoya, ema ApaNe cokkasapaNe mAnI zakIe. paraMtu azake kaliMga dezane jItI laIne pitAnA ati vistRta pradezanI sAthe zA hetuthI joDI dIdhuM haze, e bAbata to haMmezAM aMdhArAmAM ja rahezeH ema lAge che. azokanuM sAmrAjya keTaluM vistRta hatuM, ane tenI sattA keTalI badhI . hatI? e bIjA prakaraNamAM ApaNe jozuM. bIjuM prakaraNa azakanuM sAmrAjya ane tenI rAjyavyavasthA. - keazokanA sAmrAjyanI sImAo nakkI karavAne lagato tema ja je bhUbhAganA upara teno amala cAlato hato te bhUbhAga nakkI karavAne lagatA banatA prayatna A prakaraNamAM ApaNe karazuM. te pitAnuM rAjyataMtra je rIte calAvato te rItanI tathA teNe kAMI navA sudhArA dAkhala karyA hoya to temanI carcA tyArapachI ApaNe karazuM. A banne bAbatomAM ApaNe mukhyatve karIne tenI dharmalipione ja AdhAra lezuM. tenA sAmrAjyanA viratArano vicAra

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karatI veLAe aMdaranA tema ja bahAranA pUrAvA ApaNe dhyAnamAM levAnA che. tenI dharmalipio je sthaLethI maLI AvelI te sthaLe bahArane pUrAvo pUrA pADe che. temAM paNa tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekho te ApaNuM kAme bahu ja mahattvanA che; kAraNa ke, ApaNe dezanI saghaLI sarahadanI pAsethI teo maLI AvelA che. e lekhene vicAra karatAM pUrvadizAthI zarUAta karIne ApaNe pazcimadizAe jazuM. tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhanI be nakale tenA sAmrAjyanA agnikoNamAMthI baMgALanA upasAgaranI kanethI-maLI AvI hatI. utkala(orissA)nA purI prAMtamAM bhuvanezvaranI dakSiNadizAe Azare cAra gAu dUra dhavalI (dhaulI) nAmaka gAma che tyAM te paikInI eka nakala mojuda che. madrAsa ilAkAnA gaMjAma prAMtamAM yAvagaDha (jogaDA ) nAmaka gAma che tyAM te paikInI bIjI nakala hayAta che. A banne lekho navesara jItelA kaliMga prAMtamAM kotaravAmAM AvelA; ane ApaNA dezanA agiNanA cheka cheDAe ja kaliMga deza che tethI ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe ke, azokanA sAmrAjyanI acikANanI sImA tarIke kaliMga deza hovo joIe. uttaradizAmAM AgaLa dhapatAM ApaNane evuM jaNAya che ke, deharAduna prAMtamAMnA kAllI gAmanI pAse paDelA paththaranI upara azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI trIjI nakala astitva dharAve che. tenI pazcimadizAe AgaLa jatAM vAyavyakoNanI sarahadanA prAMtamAMnI be nakalo ApaNI najare caDhe che. abaTAbAdanI uttaradizAe Azare ATha gAu dUra, hajhArA prAMtamAMnA mana zahara(meserA)mAM te paikInI eka nakala mejuda che; ane pezAvaranA izAnakhUNue vIsa gAu dUra, pezAvara prAMtamAMnA zAhabAjhagaDhImAM te paikInI bIjI nakala mojuda che. tenI dakSiNadizAe nIce UtaratAM ane pazcima kAMThe AvatAM. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhenI bIjI be nakale ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che. te paikInI eka nakala kAThiyAvADamAMnA jUnAgaDhanI pAsenA giranAra

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parvatanI bAjumAMthI maLI AvI che ane bIjI nakala muMbAInI uttaradizAe Azare aDhAra gAu dUra, ThANe jillAmAMnA paraka(sepArA)mAMthI maLI AvelI che. azokanA sAmrAjyanI dakSiNadizAnI sarahadanI pAsethI enA cauda mukhya zilAlekha paikIno eka paNa zilAlekha hajI sudhI maLI Avela nathI. kharuM kahIe te, azokanA sAmrAjyanI dakSiNadizAnI sarahadanI pAsethI tene eka paNa lekha lAMbA samaya sudhI maLI Avyo na hato; paNa I. sa. 1903 mAM lyuIsa rAIsa nAmaka aMgreja gRhastha azokanA zilAlekhanI traNa nanne zodhI kADhI. mahiSapura(mAisera)nA uttarabhAgamAMnA cittaladurga prAMtamAM pAse pAse AvI rahelAM traNa sthaLethI azokanA gauNa zilAlekhanI traNa nakala maLI AvI che. zilAlekhovALAM je sthaLo upara jaNAvyAM che temano ekaMdara vicAra ApaNe karIe te azokanA sAmrAjyanA vistArane ThIka khyAla ApaNane AvI . zake che. A bAbatamAM e zilAlekha pote ja zI mAhitI ApaNane Ape che e have ApaNe zuM: eTale ke, bahAranA pUrAvAnI sAthe aMdaranA purAvAnuM maLatApaNuM keTaluM che, e ApaNe tapAsazuM. pitAnA be lekhamAM (cauda mukhya zilAlekho paikInA bIjA ane teramA zilAlekhamAM) azoke pitAnA samakAlIna rAjAonAM nAma gaNAvyAM che. hiMdustAnanI bahAra rAjya bhogavatA pAMca rAjAo. hatA- vanarAja aMtiyo, ane tenI pelI bAjue turamAya tathA aMtekina tema ja maga ane alikasuMdara (alikaddha?).hiMdustAnanI aMdara azokanA sAmrAjyanI dakSiNadizAe ceDa tathA pAMDiya tema ja keralaputra tathA sAtiyaputra ane taMba paNi hatAM. vaLI, pitAnA be lekhamAM (cauda mukhya zilAlekho paikInA pAMcamA ane temA zilAlekhamAM) azoke sarahadanA prAMtane ullekha karelo che. temanAM nAma A rahyAM na tathA kaMboja tema ja gaMdhAra ane rAsTika penika tema ja bheja-penika tathA nAka-nApati tema ja aMdha

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ane puliMda. teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAMnA amuka eka vAkyane beTI rIte vAMcavAmAM AvatuM hatuM ane tethI tene beTa artha karavAmAM AvatA hatA tenA pariNAmamAM lAMbA vakhata sudhI e prAMtane azokanA sAmrAjyamAMnAM "hirAgi" eTale "khaMDiyAM rAjya tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. paraMtu giranAra parvatavALI tUTelI zilAne khavAI gaele bhAga jaDI Avela che. te A arthane peTa TharAve che. azokanA sAmrAjyanI sarahadanI pAsenA. keTalAka prAtimAM vasatI tAbAnI prajAonAM e nAme che, ema ApaNe samajavAnuM che. prathama te A prAMtanI sImAe nakkI karavAnI jarUra rahe che, ane tyArapachI azokanA hiMdustAnamAMnA svataMtra pADosIonA tAbAnA dezabhAganI sImAo paNa nakkI karavAnI che. yAna" loke keNu haze ? alabatta, grIsavAsI lokone "yAna" tarIke ahIM oLakhAvelA che. paraMtu emane pradeza kaya gaNavo? ahIM eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, teo . azokanA sAmrAjyanA bhAga rUpa hatA, ane tethI azokanA grIsa vAsI pADesIonA pradezanI sAthe temane kAMI saMbaMdha na hato. azonA tAbAnA e "yena' prAMtanI saMtoSakAraka oLakhANa hajI sudhI apAI nathI. paraMtu zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare potAnA eka lekhamAM 1 jaNAvyuM che ke, sikaMdara bAdazAhanI pahelAMnA vakhatamAM hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakeNunI sarahadanI pAse grIsavAsI lekenuM vasAhatasthAna hayAta hatuM, ane te kephena nadInI ane siMdhu nadInI vacce sthapAyuM hatuM. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara Aje paNa pitAnA e abhiprAyane vaLagI rahe che. pitAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoka kahe che ke, jyAM brAhmaNa ane zramaNa na hoya evAyavanenA pradeza sivAyano bIjo eka paNa pradeza nathI. Ane artha e ja che ke, mAtra yavanonA pradezamAM ja hiMdu Arya saMskRtine pracAra thayuM na hatuM. hiMdustAnanA pADesamAM je prAMta hoya te prAMtamAM 1. kA. le. 1921, pR. 25 tathA AgaLa

Page #50
hiMdu-saMskRti na prasare, e kema bane ? e prAMtamAM yavanee vasavATa karyo hato, ane tethI mAtra grIsanI sarakRti ja temAM prasarelI hatIH evuM anumAna ApaNe karIe te pachI e praznano uttara ApaNane maLI jAya che. vaLI, sikaMdara bAdazAhanA vakhatamAM ja grIsavAsIonI pahelavahelI oLakhANa hiMdavAsIone thaI hoya te teo "na' (Ayoniyana) nAmathI oLakhAtA na hota, paNa bIjA ja nAmathI oLakhAtA heta; kAraNa ke, sikaMdaranI sAthe hiMdustAnamAM AvelA grIsavAsI leke "Aveniyana" na hatA. AniyA mAM ja grIsanA lokono vepAra pahelAmAM pahelo ane vadhAremAM vadhAre vikasyo che. dUradUranA pradezamAM AyoniyAnA laDavaiyAo ja samarAMgaNamAM prathama jhaMpalAve che. hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakoNanI sarahadanI pAse "AniyAnA lekee potAnuM vasAhatasthAna sthApyuM hatuM ke kema ? e zaMkAspada che. paraMtu eTaluM to cokkasa ja che ke, "AyoniyA" nA lekenI sAhasika bhAvanAne laIne ja irAnI lokoe badhA grIsavAsaonA jati-nAma tarIke yauna" zabda cha kADhayo hato. AthI karIne, hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakoNanI sarahadanI pAsenuM grIvAsIonuM vasAhatasthAna "AniyA" nA lekonA hAthe sthapAyuM hoya ke grIsavAsI lokonA hAthe sthapAyuM hoya to paNa, IrAnI lekanA pADesI banI rahelA hiMdI lekee e sthAnanuM nAma "yauna' pADayuM hoya, e banavAjoga che. "kauna" zabdane mATe saMskRta bhASAmAM "yavana" zabda che ane pAlibhASAmAM "na" zabda che. saMskRta bhASAnA sAhityamAM "yauna zabda paNa kAMI ajANyo nathI. "mahAbhArata" mAM 2 nidAna eka 1. e. bri. 12, 445; 14, 720, 2. 12, 207, 43. zrIyuta hemacaMdra rAyadharIe potAnA "ala hisTarI aipha dhI vaiSNava sekaTa" (vaiSNava saMpradAyane prAcIna itihAsa) nAmaka aMgrejI graMthamAM (pR. 17 mAM ) A vAtanI tarapha pramatha ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM.

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sthaLe kaMbojanI ane gaMdhAranI sAthesAthe e zabda vaparAele che; ane azokanA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM e traNa zabda je anukramathI lakhAyA che te ja anukrama "mahAbhArata" mAM paNa jovAmAM Ave che, e jarA navAIbharyuM che. "na" lekIne vasavATa kephena nadInI ane siMdhu nadInI vacce hato, ema zrIyuta de. rA. mAMDArakara kahe che te kharUM hoya to zAhabAjhagaDhInI bAjumAM je prAcIna sthaLanAM khaMDero maLI AvelAM che te sthaLa azokanA sAmrAjyanI sarahadanA prAMtanuM mukhya sthaLa kare che. hyuenasaMge zAhabAjhagaDhIne "pi-luM-Sa" kahyuM H azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI eka nakala zAhabAjhagaDhImAMthI maLI AvelI che, e paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. AvuM hoIne e "yona' prAMtanI bAjumAM ja koI sthaLe kaMbojane prAMta paNa hovo joIe. "mahAbhArata" mAM yavana lenI sAthesAthe ja kaMboja lekone gaNavelA che. e kaMboja leke pazcimadizAmAM (vAyavyakoNamAM) rahetA hatA, ane laDavaiyA tarIke suprasiddha hatAH ema paNa mahAbhArata" mAM kahyuM che. droNaparvamAM 1 temanA pATanagara "rAjapura' ullekha thaelI che. hyuenasaMge je "ho---le" jaNAveluM che te je A rAjapura" hoya-ane kazmIranI dakSiNadizAe je "rarI" gAma che te ja hyuenasaMganuM "---pu-le " haze, evuM kaniMgahAma sAhebe kahyuM che ke te paNa kharuM hoya te ApaNe kaMboja lekAnA vasatisthAnane lagabhaga ekkasapaNe TharAvI zakIe, ema che. kebeja lekene prAMta rajorInI AsapAsa hovo joIe, ane vAyavyakoNanA sarahadI prAMtanA hajhArA prAMtano paNa samAveza temAM thatA 1. 4, 5. A zodhane mATe zrIyuta hemacaMdra rAyadharIne AbhAra. mAna ghaTe che. 2. bIla, 1, 263; meMTasa, 1, 284 3. "ezyanTa joMgraphI opha InDiyA" (prAcIna hiMdustAnanI bhUgoLa), pR. 129,

Page #52
3s hevo joIe. vaLI, azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhenI eka nakala mana zahara(mansa)mAMthI maLI AvelI che tethI evuM paNa anumAna thaI zake che ke, kaMboja lekAnA prAMtanAM kaI mahAlanuM mukhya sthaLa manahara kadAca haze. ekaMdare jotAM, "yena"lakAnA prAMtanI lagolaga ja kebeja lekene prAMta hovo joie, ane e banne prAte gaMdhAra lekAnA prAMtanA pADeAsamAM ja hovA joIe. azokanA samayamAM gaMdhAra lokeAnA prAMtanuM pATanagara takSazilA hatuM, ane tyAMnA mahAmAtra tarIke kumAranI nImaNuka thaI hatI? e hakIkta (pachIthI ApaNe jaNAvavAnA chIe. azakta teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM je sarahadI prati gaNavelA che te anukramavAra jaNAvelA che, evuM anumAna senArti sAhebe karyuM che te barAbara lAge che. AthI karIne nAkanA nAbhapati lekenuM vasAhatasthAna yona-kaMboja lekenA ane bheja-pekenika lekenA vasAhatasthAnanI vacce- eTale ke, vAyavyakeNanA sarahadI prAMtinI ane hiMdustAnanA pazcimakAMThAnI vacce- AvI raheluM ke sthaLa hovuM joIe. myulara sAheba kahe che ke, uttarakurumAM eTale ke, himAlayanI pelI bAjunA koI pradezamAM AvI rahelA je nAbhipura" no ullekha brahmavaivarta-purANamAM kareluM che te ja azokanA zilAlekhamAMnuM "nAbhika"hevuM joIe; paraMtu uparanI hakIkatathI byulara sAhebanuM anumAna' nirAdhAra banI jAya che. bIjI koi paNa vidvAne hajI sudhI A bAbatamAM navIna prakAza pADyA nathI. have ApaNe dakSiNadizAmAM nIcA UtarazuM. azokanA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM tyAra pachI "bhojapenika leAino ullekha karela che tyAre pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM "rAsTika-panika leke ullekha kare che. Aja sudhI vidvAna lekhakee "rAsTika - 1. " bAIka chu eka Dera a ziphaLa " (. 18, mukhya che. ApaNe vidhAna narAdhAra

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zabdathI ane bhAja' zabdathI "patenika" zabdane jUdo gaNyo che; ane paiThaNanA lekenuM sUcana pekenika' zabdathI thAya che, evuM teo mAnatA AvelA che. paraMtu emAM emanI bhUla thAya che. alabatta, nirA' zabdanI utpatti "nizAna' (paiThaNa) zabdanI uparathI thaI haze, evuM anumAna thaI zake che; paNa e zabdane artha te "paiThaNanA vatanI lake" e thAya. "kabeja' ke gaMdhAra zabda jema jAtidarzaka che tema A zabdane kAMI jatidarzaka na gaNI zakAya. vaLI, "i zabdamAM kAra che tyAre jejivA' zabdamAM "takAra che. kAranA badalAmAM "takAra kAMI vaparAya nahi. buhalara sAhebe saunA pahelAM A hakIkatanI tarapha vAyakAnuM dhyAna barAbara khecyuM hatuM. vaLI, zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare anyatra kahyuM che 1 tema, "Trinila" ne ulekha "aMguttaranikAya"mAM thaele che, ane temAM tene artha "rAjAthI utarato" -bIjI paMktine-rAjA" e thAya che; ane bhASyakAre " " zabdane artha "vaMzaparaMparAgata milkatane bhaMga karanAra vyakti" e karyo che. AthI karIne azokanA zilAlekhamAMnA "dila divA" ne eka ja zabda gaNavo joIe, ane tene artha rASTrane vaMzaparaMparAgata rAjA "evo karavo joIe- pachI bhale tene pUrva ja rAjAnA hAthe nImAe hAkema hoya. ApaNA dezamAM prAcIna kALamAM AvA prakAranA aneka rAjAo haze; paNa azokanA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM ullekhelA evA rAjAonA sthAnano zodha te ApaNuM dezanA pazcima kAMThAnI bAjumAM kaIka sthaLe A graMthanA kAme ApaNe karavAne che; kAraNa ke, emAM emane aparAMta' (pazcimakinArAnA lake) kahyA che. evuM hAIne ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe ke, ApaNA dezanA pazcima kinArAnA pADesamAM AvelI guphAomAMnA zilAlekhamAM je 1. . . 1919, pR. 80.

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mahAraThI lekeno ullekha karelo che temane ja azokanA ukta zilAlekhamAM saMbodhavAmAM AvyA hovA joIe, kAraNa ke, teo gauNa rAjAo hatA, ane punAnI ane tenA pADosamAMnA mahArASTranA prAMtanI upara temano asala cAlato hato, evuM jaNya che e zilAlekhamAM mahAbhejane paNa gauNa rAjA tarIke oLakhAvelA che. muMbAI IlAkAmAMnA hAlanA ThANA ane kulAba prAMtanI upara temano amala cAlato hato, e paNa e zilAlekhamAM jaNAveluM che. azokanA teramAM mukhya zilAlekhamAM je "bhaja-penikI lekane ullekhelA che te ja A zilAlekhee ullekhelA "mahAbheja" leke hovA joIe. azokanA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM je "aparAMtanA lokone ullekha karela che te lekamAM A lekene paNa samAveza thato hato, evuM sUcana garbhita rIte thaeluM che. ThANA jillAmAMnA hAlanA sepArA gAmanuM prAcIna nAma "rparaka hatuM, ane e zreraka aparAMtanuM pATanagara hatuM. e sthaLethI paNa azakanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI bhAMgItUTI nakala maLI AvelI che. . . kRSNA nadInI ane godAvarI nadInI vacceno pradeza Aje apradeza (aMdha lokene deza ) kahevAya che. paraMtu mULe eo A ja pradezamAM rahetA haze ke kema, e spaSTa thayuM nathI. bauddha sAhityanA eka jAtakamAM aMdha lokonA pATanagara "aMdhrapurano ullekha karela che. e zahera telavAhA nadInI bAjumAM vaseluM hatuM, ema paNa e jAtakamAM kahyuM che. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare eka sthaLe evuM sUcana karyuM che ke, hAla je "tela ke teligiri" nadI kahevAya che te ja jUnA vakhatanI telavAhA" nadI hovI joIe. madrAsa ilAkAnI ane madhyaprAMtanI saMyukta sarahadanI pAse thaIne e banne nadIo lagabhaga pAsepAse ja vahe che. 1 AnA AdhAre te ema jaNAya che ke zarUAtanA vakhatamAM apradezamAM jayapurane tema ja madrAsa 1. iM. a. 1918, pR. 71,

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33 ilAkAnA vijhagApattana prAMtanA thoDAka bhAgane samAveza thato have joIe, ane temanI sarahadanI joDenA ja madhyaprAMtamAMnA keTalAka jillAo paNa aMdhradezamAM gaNAtA hovA joIe. vaLI, nijhAma sarakAranA mulakanA dakSiNabhAgano tema ja kRSNa nadInA ane godAvarI nadInA prAMtano (hAlanA teliMgAnAno) samAvezae vakhatanA aMpradezamAM thato hoya to te kAMI azakya nathI. maurya vaMzanA tAbAmAM aMdhradeza gayo na hato te vakhate te dezamAM je leke rahetA temanI saMkhyA tema ja temAMnA lazkaranA mANasonI saMkhyA megAsthanIse ApelI che. sara vinsenTa smitha kahe che je tema, aMdhradezanI prajA "prasAIne rAjA caMdragupta mauryanA tAbAnA lazkarathI ja UtaratA prakAranuM lazkara dharAvavAnI bAbatamAM suvikhyAta hatI," evuM anumAna megAspenIsanA varNananA AdhAre thaI zake cheane e kharuM ja lAge che. AthI karIne ema jaNAya che ke, aMpradeza bahu vistAravALo prAMta have joIe, ane dakSiNadizAmAM cheka kRSNA nadInA mukha sudhI te vistarela hovA joIe. pachI ApaNe zuM tema, svataMtra cela rAjyanI cheka uttaradizAnI sImAnI sAthe paNa Ane meLa bese che. have "puliMda" lekenuM sthAna ApaNe nakkI karazuM. puliMda leke amuka eka ja prAMtamAM vasatA na hatA, paNa jUdA jUdA aneka prAMtomAM vasatA hatA. e vAta kharI che. azokanA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM aMdha lokeAnI sAthesAthe ja temane gaNavelA che tethI. aMdezanI uttaradizAe athavA te AMdhradezanA izAnakoNamAM koIka sthaLe teo vasatA haze, evuM anumAna karI zakAya che. "vAyupurANamAM puliMdanI dakSiNadizAnI zAkhAne viMdhyAmUlIya (viMdhyA parvatanI taLATImAM vasatA) lokonI sAthesAthe ja gaNAvI che. 1. a. hi. I., pR. 206 2. "mAyipurANa (epha. i. pArjiTara kRta bhASAMtara), pR. 835 ane TIkAo.

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ane "sabhAparvamAM kahyuM che ke, e lekanuM pATanagara puliMdanagara' hatuM, ane emano pradeza cedidezanI lagolaga AvI rahelo hato. AthI karIne evuM anumAna thaI zake che ke, azake jaNAvelA puliMda leke hAlanA madhya prAMtanA jabalapura jillAmAM te kALe vasatA haze. e ja prAMtamAMnA rUpanAthamAMthI azokanA gauNa zilAlekhenI eka nakla paNa maLI AvelI che, e dhyAnamAM levA jevuM che. azekanI dharmalipionI khAsa khubI e che ke, tenA sAmrAjyanI sarahade AvelAM sthaLethI te badhI maLI AvelI che. tema chatAM paNa eTale phera te che ke, sarahadI prAMtanAM pATanagaramAM azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotaravAmAM AvelA jaNAya che tyAre tenA svataMtra ke asvataMtra pAsIonA pradezathI tenA pitAnA pradezane judA pADatAM sthaLe tenA gauNa zilAlekha karavAmAM AvelA lAge che. azokanA sAmrAjyanA agnikANanA aMtabhAgamAM AvelA dhavalI (dhaulI) ane yAvagaDha (jigaDA) gAmamAMthI tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhenI nakale maLI AvelI che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. sarahadI prAMtanuM pATanagara "tesali' ane tenA koI mahAlanuM mukhya sthaLa samApA': e be anukrame azokanAM "dhavalI" ane "yAvagaDha' gAma bezaka hovAM joIe. hAlanA jUnAgaDhamAMthI (prAcIna surASTranA pATanagara "girinagara' mAMthI) azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhenI trIjI nakala maLI AvelI che. kSatraparAja ddhadAmAnA zilAlekhanA AdhAre ApaNe kahI zakIe chIe ke, IsvIsananI bIjI sadInA madhyabhAga sudhI te girinagara surASTranA pATanagara tarIke cAlU rahyuM hatuM. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI cothI nakala muMbAInI pAsenA hAlanA sopArA (prAcIna paMraka) gAmamAMthI maLI AvelI che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe; ane te gAma aparAMtanuM pATanagara 129, 11,

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35 hatuM, ema paNa ApaNe jANIe chIe. e rIte jUnA vakhatanAM cAra pATanagaramAMthI azekanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho maLI AvelA che to pachI e hakIkatanA AdhAre ApaNe khuzIthI evuM anumAna karI zakIe ke, e ja zilAlekhonI bAkInI traNa nakale paNa azokanA sarahadI prAMtanAM pATanagaramAM ja katarAelI hovI joie. e paikInA zAhabAjhagaDhInI carcA prathama ApaNe karI gayA chIe; ane te na' prAMtanuM pATanagara hevuM joIe, ema ApaNe batAvI gayA chIe. Ama che te pachI kAzI" ane "manahara (majorA) paNa azokanA evA ja sarahadI prAMtanAM pATanagaro bhaviSyamAM Thare te. tethI ApaNane kAMI navAI lAgaze nahi. paraMtu je sthaLethI azokanA gauNa zilAlekho jaDI AvelA che te sthaLonI hakIkata kAMIka judI ja che. jemanI AsapAsa kAMI paNa jUnAM khaMDere nathI evAM ane tadana gIca jaMgalamAM AvI rahelAM sthaLethI e gaNuM zilAlekho maLI AvelA che. vairATa ane mazki : e be gAme A bAbatamAM apavAdarUpa che. azokanA zilAlekhamAM ullekheluM vairATa' masyadezanA rAjA virATanuM pATanagara virATapura hovuM joie. maki gAmamAM cAlukyavaMzanAM daphatare che temAM te gAmane "viriyamAsaMgi" kahyuM che. svataMtra ke adha svataMtra rAjyonI sarahadathI azokanA sAmrAjyanI sarahada je sthaLe jUdI paDatI hatI te sthaLe azokanA bAkInA gauNa zilAlekho kotaravAmAM AvelA hatA, ema jaNAI Ave che. pitAnA pahelA gauNa zilAlekhamAM vistArapUrvaka carcA karatAM azoka pote kahe che ke, lokene AdhyAtmika uddhAra karavo hoya te khUba parAkrama karavAnI atyaMta jarUra che. thoDA vakhatamAM paNa te pine ghaNuM kAma sAdhI zako hatA, ema paNa te ApaNane jaNAve che. teNe be dRSTibiMduthI A bAbatanI dharmAjJA karelI che - (1) caDhatI pAyarInA ke UtaratI pAyarInA tenA pitAnA amaladAro prajAnA AdhyAtmika sukhane mATe mathe, e hetuthI teNe pitAnI

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36 A dhamalipa kAtarAvelI che; ane (2) aMteA (sarahadI rAjyAnA rAjA) paNa AvA ja STibiMduthI khUba prayatna karavAnuM sucana peAtAnA amaladArAne kare, e hetuthI temanI jANne mATe teNe pAtAnI dharmamalipa kAtarAvelI che. azAkanA peAtAnA amaladArA A dizAmAM tanatA mahenata kare teTalA mATe A zilAlekhA kAtarAvavAnI kAMi khAsa jarUra na hatI. peAtAnI dararAjanI AjJAenI mAka dharmAnA paNa yAgya adhikArIonI mAraphata teNe temane pahAMcADI haze ja. AthI karIne ema lAge che ke, pAtAnAM pATanagarImAM rahetA athavA te sahiyArI sarahadanI ne rahetA tenA svata Mtra pADeAsIeAnI jANune mATe peAtAnA gauNu zilAlekhA azoke kAtarAvelA hAvA joie. A aMtA (sarahadI rAjyAnA rAjA) kANu hatA, ene vicAra ApaNe karazuM tyAre A vAta vadhu spaSTa thaze. agAu ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke, peAtAnA khInna ane teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azake 'aA' nA ullekha karelA che. svataMtra ane samAna rAjA tarIke temanI sAthe ze vA hatA. e atAnA be vargI paDe cheH-(1) hiMdustAnamAM jemanAM rAjyeA hAya te rAjAe; ane (ra) hiMdustAnanI bahAra jemanAM rAjyA TAya te rAjAe. cADa, pAMDiya, keralaputra, satiyaputra, ane ta bhANa H e sAprathama vargamAM Ave che. azAkanA mULa zilAlekhamAM AADa' ane 'pAMDiya' zabda bahuvacanamAM vaparAelA che, ane 'sAtiyaputra' ane 'kuralaputra' zabda ekavacanamAM vaparAyA che. e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, A sthaLe azoke lokonA ullekha karelA nathI, pazu temanA rAjAonA ullekha karelA che. Ama aze!ke ekavacanamAM amukaamuka rAjAonA ullekha karyo che tenI sAthesAthe bahuvacana vAparIne ' cADa' nA ane 'pADaya' te paNa ullekha karyo che tethI evuM anumAna karI zakAya ke, azokanA vakhatamAM mAtra eka ja cADa' rAjA ane eka gADiya' rAjA nahi hAya, paNa aneka

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37 ceDa' rAjAo ane aneka pAMDiya" rAjAo haze. TolemInA lakhANanA ane "periplasa" nA lekhakanA lakhANanA AdhAre A cAra rAjAo paikInA traNa rAjAonA pradezone pa lAgele che. paraMtu TolemIe eka ja "Da" rAjyanA ullekha nathI karela paNa be caDa' rAjyone ullekha karela che, e vAta koInA dhyAnamAM rahI nathI. saretaImAM AvelA "soranegAsanuM rAjanagara Arthara": evuM oLakhANa "coDa' nAmanuM ApavAmAM AveluM che.1 ranegAsa zabdamAM ane saretaI zabdamAM je "tera" zabada che te tAmilabhASAno soDa (Da) zabda hoya, ema lAge che. seranegAsa nAma spaSTapaNe batAvI Ape che ke, je rAjonuM pATanagara ArtharA hatuM te rAjA nAga-jAtino hato, paNa te sareta(coDatrA)ne rAjA hato tethI "ra" (Da) kahevAto hate. tricinApallInI pAsenA hAlanA uyura' ne azokakAlIna ArtharA' tarIke kaniMgahAmasAhebe oLakhAveluM che. AthI karIne dakSiNadizAnuM "caDa rAjya A kare che. uttaradizAnuM rAjya kayAM AveluM haze, ene khulAso paNuM TaoNlemInA eka kathanathI thaI jAya che. teNe kahyuM che ke, beTiMga parvatanI ane aiDisesanI vacce sera nAmaka bhaTakatI jAti vasatI hatI, ane "ATasanuM pATanagara sora" temanuM vasatisthAna hatuM. "seranuM pATanagara Arkasa" ema na lakhatAM bhUlathI "AkesanuM pATanagara sora" ema lakhAI gayuM haze, evuM manAya che. kolDavela sAhebe hAlanA "AkaDa' (ArkITa) ne TolemInA "ArkaTasa' tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. ghaNuM karIne saraI leke kAMI bhaTakatI jAtinA leke na hatA, paNa jaMgalI jAtione mATe Arya lokone je tiraskAra chUTate hato te darzAvavAnA hetuthI e lekene bhaTakatI jAtinA leke tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AvelA lAge che. temanuM "coDa (Da) nAma 1. I. a, 13, 368, 2. i. a, 13, 362.

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lUTArA'nA arthamAM vaparAtuM hatuM, e vAta AnA saMbaMdhamAM dhyAnamAM levA jevI che. e rIte jotAM azokanA vakhatamAM be coDa rAjya hatAM, ane ArtharA (uyara) ane Akesa (ATa) temanAM pATanagara hatAM. have "pAMDane vicAra ApaNe karazuM. TolemIe temane "DinoI' kahyA che; ane "paMDinanuM rAjanagara "madurA" hatuM, ema paNa teNe kahyuM che. madrAsa ilAkAmAM AveluM hAlanuM madurA' TolemInA vakhatanuM medurAhovuM joIe, emAM te kAMI zaka nathI. TelemI kahe che tema, pAMDaya-dezamAM dakSiNadizAe tinevallIne samAveza thato hato, ane uttaradizAe cheka keAIbaturanI parvatarAjinI ucca bhUmi sudhI te deza vistarelo hato. TolemIe be ceDa rAjyane ullekha kare che tema be pAMDava rAjyano ullekha karela nathI, e vAta kharI che; paNa tethI azokanA kALamAM be pAMya rAjyo na hatAM, ema kAMI karatuM nathI. IsvIsananI cheka chaThThI sadImAM paNa varAhamihire "uttara-paDayarane ullekha kare che, ane tethI ema sAbIta thAya che ke, enA vakhatamAM be pAMdhyadezauttarapADaya ane dakSiNa pAMDaya-astitva dharAvatA hatA. azoke pitAnA zilAlekho kotarAvyA te kALamAM paNa e ja sthiti haze. azekanA vakhatamAM mAtra eka ja pAMDaya rAjya hatuM, ema ghaDIbhara dhArI levAmAM Ave te pachI mahiSapura (mAIsara) rAjyanA bhUbhAganI bAbatamAM kAMI khulAso ApI zakAto nathI. paraMtu uttarapAMDava rAjyanI hayAtI ApaNe svIkArIe chIe te mahiSapura (mAIsara)nI vAta barAbara baMdha bese che. have dakSiNadezanAM bAkInAM be rAjyono -keralapurane ane sAtiyapurane-vicAra karavAno rahe che. A nAmanA aMtabhAgamAM je "putta" zabda che te prAkRta bhASAnA "e" (saMskRtabhASAnA putra") zabdanI yAda Ape che. "bhAramalata', "bhUcarata', 1. kA. le, 1918, pR. 89 2. "bRhatsaMhitA" 16, 10.

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2. bAlota' vagere keTalAMka rAjapUta-nAmenA aMtamAM e "ta' pratyaya jevAmAM Ave che. AthI karIne evuM anumAna thAya che ke, keraLa (cera) ane "sAtiya" nAmaka jAtio mULa uttarahiMdustAnamAM rahetI haze, ane tyAMthI sthAnAMtara karIne temaNe potAnAM vasAhatasthAne dakSiNahiMdustAnamAM sthApyAM haze. vaLI, e jUnA kALamAM e sthAne keraLa" ane "sAtiya" nahi kahevAtAM hoya, paNa "keraLapura' ane 'sAtiyapura" kahevAtAM haze, evuM anumAna paNa karI zakAya che. pitAnI mULa jAtinA nAmanI uparathI jemanuM nAma paDayuM hoya ane jemaNe sthaLAMtara karyuM hoya, evA lekonA nAmanI uparathI je prAMtinuM nAma paDyuM hoya evA prAMto Aje paNa ApaNA jevAmAM Ave che. "kerala"(cera) nI ane sAtiya" nI bAbatamAM paNa ema ja baneluM hovuM joIe. "atayaAraNyaka" ApaNane kahe che ke, cera lekenuM vasatisthAna magadhathI bahu dUra na hatuM. saMyukta prAMtanA mirajhApura jillAnA cere" lake ja A "cera " leke kadAca haze. e leke malabAramAM sthAyI thayA tenA pahelAM temaNe dakSiNadizAmAM sthAnAMtara karyuM hoya, ema lAge che; kAraNa ke, dhoyika kRta "pavanadUta"mAM "kerala" lene ullekha karatAM evuM jaNAveluM che ke, teo yayAtinagaramAM vasatA hatA. madhyaprAMtanA pUrva bhAgamAMnA senapuranI najIkamAM nAnuM sarakhuM gAma che tene prAcIna kALanA yayAtinagara" tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM 1. ja. e. se. beM, 1909, pR. 168 ane TIkA 4. 2. rAjapUtAnAnA pazcima bhAgamAM "zekhAvATI" ane "badAvAdI nAmaka je pradezo che temanAM nAma anukrame zekhA nA ane "badanA vaMzajarUpa "zekhAvaTa " ane "bIdAvaTa' lenAM nAmanI uparathI paDelAM che. 3. 2, 1, 1. 4. ja. e. se. beM. 1905, pR. 44.

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Ave che.1 te ja pramANe, uttaradizAmAM vasatA je ' seteSa ' laoNkAne megAsthenIse ullekhelA hera-ane " viSNupurANuM " mAMka tathA bhISmaparva "mAM4 bhUlathI ' satIpa ' athavA * sanIya tarIke jemane gaNavAmAM AvelA che- te ja azokakAlIna ' sAtiya ' lekAtA nahi hoya ? dakSiNahiMdustAnamAM temaNe potAnuM vasatisthAna kayAM sthApeluM, e cokkasa nathI. TAlemIe ane " periplasa " nA lekhake dakSiNahiMdustAnanA saMbaMdhamAM je hakIkata lakhI rAkhelI che tenI khArIka tapAsa ApaNe karIe te kadAca kAi kUMcI ApaNane maLI Ave kharI. e lekhakAe dakSiNahiMdustAnamAMnA cAra pradezA gaNAvelA cheH( 1 ) limIrike; ( 2 ) eiei; (3) Dieni; ane (4) sArataI. ApaNe agAu kahI gayA chIe tema, * paDieni ' te ' pAMDaya '. che, ane ' sAretaSTha' teA ' cADa ' che. ' limIrike te ' mira-ike'nI barAbara gaNavAmAM Ave che. ene mATA bhAga 'keralaputra ' nA tAbAmAM hateA. vAD. ' eiAi'nuM zuM ? ' saDukATIsa 'nA badalAmAM kAika prasaMge aDrekATAsa ' lakhAya che, ane ' sebiriyA ' nA badalAmAM kAika prasaMge ' ebiriyA ' lakhAya che, lakhAya che, teA ' eiAi 'kharuM jotAM < " ' . 40 66 * seii' ( =sAtiya ) haze, ema ApaNe na mAnI zakIe? A anumAna kharUM heAya te| hAlanuM trAvaNukAra rAjya azAkakAlIna * sAtiyaputta 'nuM rAjya kare che. 'mira-ke' keralaputtanA tAbAmAM heAvAthI, keralaputtanA pradezamAM dakSiNa-kAnAne, kUMgA, malabAranA, 1. e. i., 11, 189 3 DIskriApTava lisTasa Apha iskripzansa ina dhI sI. pI. aDa khIrAra (madhya prAMteAmAMnA ane varADamAMnA zilAlekhAnI varNanAtmaka yAdI ) ( lekhaka rAyabahAdUra hIrAlAla ), pR. 95 ane TIkA. 2. i. a, 6, 339. 3. " viSNupurANa " ( vilsanaita ), 1, 180. 4. adhyAya 9, zlA 63.

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mahiSapura(mAisera)nA vAyavyakoNanA bhAgane. ane kadAca * trAvaNakaranI cheka uttaradizAnA bhAgano samAveza thate hai joIe. "periplasa"nA lekhakanA samayamAM maujhirisa' (muyiri-Du)athavA te, hAlanuM kaMganura- keralaputtanuM pATanagara hatuM. TolemIe potAnI noMdha lakhI te kALe karaura - eTale ke, keIbatura prAMtamAMnuM, kAverI nadInI bAjumAM AveluM "kArUra'- tenuM pATanagara hatuM. azeke dakSiNahiMdustAnanAM je rAjyanA ullekha karela che te rAjyanI cokkasa sImAo karAvavAnuM kAma bahu ja agharuM thaI paDe che. paraMtu eTaluM te jaNAya che ke, mahiSapura(mAIsara)nA citaladuga prAMtanI uttara dizAe e rAjya paraspara lagalaga tema ja azokanA sAmrAjyanAM bIjAM rAjyanI joDAjoDa AvI rahelAM hevA joIe. azokanA gauNa zilAlekhenI traNa nakale A ja pradezamAMthI maLI AvelI che, e hakIkata A anumAnanuM samarthana kare che. e bhAgamAMnA azokanA pradezane joDIne ja dakSiNanAM rAjyo AvI rahelAM na hatA te tyAM potAnA gauNa zilAlekhonI traNa nakala tana pAsepAse ja karAvavAnI jarUra tene zA mATe raheta? AthI karIne "ceDa' tathA (uttara) pAMDaya' ane 'keralaputra" nAmaka rAjAonAM ja e rAjya hatAM, ema have ApaNe khAtrIthI kahI zakIe chIe. azeke potAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM je "aTavI' (athavA Avya') dezano ullekha karela che tenA saMbaMdhamAM ahIM vicAra kare, e che. te pote e lekhamAM kahe che ke, "vaLI, kei (tene) hAni kare te dene lADakAe jeTaluM zakaya hoya teTaluM badhuM khamI levuM joIe. vaLI, dene lADakAnA mulakamAMnAM jaMgalonA leke)ne 1. i. a, 8, 145. 2. i. e., 13, 367-368 3. dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA lekhamAM ati (sarahadI rAjyanA rAjAo)ne

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te samajAve che, ane teo (khoTA mArge jatA) aTake ema Irache che. devene lADake pazcAttApa kare che te paNa baLavAna che. (AthI karIne temane kahevAnuM ke, "temaNe zaramanI lAgaNI darzAvavI joIe, ane temane hAni karavI na joIe." AnI uparathI ema jaNAya che ke, Avyo (jaMgalanA pradezamAM vasatA leke) saMpUrNa rIte azokanA tAbAmAM ja na hatA, paNa teo kAMIka svataMtratA bhogavatA hatA. Ama na heta te uparanA prakAranuM lakhANa karavAne kAMI artha na hatA. temaNe tene pitAne (azokane ) kAMI nukasAna karyuM nathI, ane te sajA karavAnI zakti dharAve che te paNa te pote dharmane custa anuyAyI thaelo hovAthI "sAma samajAvaTa thI temane potAnI bAjumAM meLavI levAno prayatna kare che. e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, ATo kAMika aMze svataMtra hatA. A ATo" keNa haze ? purANamAM puliMdonI tathA viMdhyAmUlInI ane vaidarbhonI sAthesAthe ja temane gaNAvavAmAM AvelA che. amuka eka tAmrapatramAM kahyuM che ke, pArivAjaka rAjA hastina dabAlA rAjyano tema ja aDhAra aTavI-rAjyono rAjA hato. hAlanA buMdelakhaMDanA prAcIna nAma "dahAlA"nuM jUnuM rUpa "dabhAlA"hevuM joIe. guptavaMzanA rAjakALamAM je aTavI-dezamAM aDhAra nAnAM rAjyane samAveza thato hato te aTavI-deza vAghelakhaMDathI mAMDIne cheka uDiyA(orissA)nA dariyAkAMThA sudhI prasare che joIe. rUpanAthamAMthI ane sahAzrama(sahastrAma)mAMthI azokanA pAMca gauNa zilAlekhonI nakale zAthI maLI AvI haze, e have samajAze. e banne sthaLo aTavI-dezanI pUrvadizAnI ane pazcimauddezIne azake "miti ne levA-fje iri vize mita" ema kahyuM che tenI sAthe A lakhANa sarakhAvo. (che. a, pR. 89-90. ) 1. gu. I., pR. 114.

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43 dizAnI sarahadanI pAse te vakhate vaselAM hatAM. dhavalInA ane bhAvagaDhanA zilAlekhamAM azeke pitAnA amaladArane kahyuM che ke, sarahadI pradezanA lekenI pratye azoka sahAnubhUti darzAve che ane temane te pote cAhe che, evI tenI potAnI nIti te lokone temaNe jaNAvI devI. aTavI sivAyanuM bIjuM kaI paNa svataMtra ke ardhasvataMtra rAjya uDiyAmAM azokanA sAmrAjyanI lagolaga. hoI zake nahi. azokanA sAmrAjyanA vistArane lagabhaga cokkasa khyAla A rIte ApaNe meLavyo che. kopakalpanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM ceDa tathA pAMDaya tema ja sAtiyaputra ane keralaputra rAjAonA tAbAmAM je pradeza hato tene bAda karIe te bAkIne lagabhaga badho hiMdustAnadeza azokanA tAbAmAM hato. pUrva dizAmAM madrAsanI pAsenA pulikaTathI mAMDIne uttara dizAmAM citaladurgane ( je sthaLethI azokanA pAMca gaNu zilAlekhanI traNa nakale maLI AvelI che tene) joDIne pazcimadizAnA cheka uttarabiMdurUpa dakSiNa-kAnaDA prAMta sudhI hiMdustAnanA nakazAmAM lITI dorI hoya te te azokanA pitAnA sAmrAjyanI dakSiNadizAnI sarahada darzAve. grIsanA je rAjAone azeke pitAnA samakAlIna gaNA che temanI oLakhANa have ApaNe karazuM. azokanA teramAM mukhya zilAlekhamAM e badhA rAjAonAM nAma ApelAM che. aMtiyeka rAjA ane pADesI hevAthI tene alabatta pahele ja gaNAvavAmAM Avela che. tenI pelI bAjue 'turamAya" tathA "aMtekina athavA aMtikini" tema ja "maga" ane "alikazadra" (alikasuMdara) nAmaka cAra rAjAo rAjya bhogavatA hatA, ema azoke kahyuM che.' I. sa. pUrve 261thI I. sa. pUrve 246 sudhImAM thaI gaele sIriyAno rAjA bIjo aTikasa thI ja azake kahe aMtaka' hatA. I. sa. pUrve 285thI I. sa. pUrve 247 sudhImAM

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thaI gaela mIsarane rAjA bIje TolemI philADelphasa ja azake ullekhele 'turamAya" hato. khUhalara sAhebe kahyuM che tema, azoke jaNAvele "atikina" athavA "aMtikini rAjA grIsane aTigAnasa rAjA na hato, paNa aTijenisa rAjA hatA. paNa aMTijenisa nAmaka kaI paNa rAjA ApaNA jANavAmAM Avela na hovAthI I. sa. pUrve 276thI I. sa. pUrve 239 sudhImAM thaI gaelA eNsiDeniyAnA rAjA aTiganasa goneTasane azake kahelA "aMtekini tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM Avela che. Azare i. sa. pUrve 300thI Azare I. sa. pUrve 250 sudhImAM thaI gaele sIrInane gaMgAsa rAjA ja azake ullekhelA maga haze, e dekhItuM che. paraMtu alidra'(alikasuMdara)nI bAbatamAM kAMIka matabheda rahelo che. keTalAka vidvAne kahe che ke, I. sa. pUrve ra7rathI Azare i. sa. pUrve 255 sudhImAM thaI gaele epirasane rAjA alekjhAMDara ja azeke jaNAvela "alika" (alikasuMdara) hovuM joIe. bIjA keTalAka vidvAne vaLI ema kahe che ke, . sa. pUrve 25rathI Azare I. sa. pUrva 244 sudhImAM thaI gaelo kariMthane rAjA elekajhAMDara ja azake kahelo "alikazI (alikasuMdara) hovo joIe. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekha paikInA bIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM mAtra aMtiyAka" no ja ullekha kare che, ane bIjA rAjAone tenA "sAmaMta" (sarahadI rAjyanA rAjAo) kahyA che. grIsanA ukta rAjAo pikInA mAtra aMTiyokasa rAjAne ja pradeza azokanA sAmrAjyanI lagolaga AvI rahelo hato, emAM to kAMI ja zaka nathI. caMdraguptanA samayathI selyusanA kuTuMbanI ane mauryavaMzanI ' vacce maitrIne saMbaMdha ane elacIo mokalavAne vyavahAra cAlU thayo hato, e te ApaNe jANIe chIe. paraMtu bIjA yavanarAjAonI 1. sA. De. meM. ge, 40, 137. 2. jI re. e. se, 1914, 945.

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45 < > sAthe azAka kAMi paNa maitrIne saMbaMdha bAMdhyA hatA ke kema ? e rAjAnI sAthe teNe kAMi paNa rAjakIya atavahAra cAlU karyAM hatA ke kema ? e rAjAeAnA pradezanI ane azAkanA sAmrAjyanI vacce dhaNuM ja aMtara hAvuM joie; ane tethI dekhItI rIte evu anumAna thai zake che ke, sIriyAnI pelI bAjue tA hiMdustAnanI ane yavanarAjyAnI vacce kAMi paNa rAjakIya atavahAra hi hAya. paNa azAkane teramA mukhya zilAlekha teA spaSTa rIte kahe che , grIsanA e rAjAnA darabAramAM dUtA (elacIe) meAkalavAnA rivAja azeAke rAkhyA hatA. vaLI, roAkanA samakAlIna rAjA TAlemI kviADese DAyAnIsiyasa ' nAmaka elacIne mo rAjanA darabAramAM meAkalyA hatA, e hakIkata paNa ApaNA jANavAmAM che. peAtAnA samakAlIna grIsanA rAjamAnA je ullekha azoke karelA che tenA AdhAra laine azAkanA kALanI gaNatrI vadhAre cAkkasapaNe karavAnA prayatna karavAmAM AvelA che. paraMtu prathama tA e yavanarAjonA ullekha je zilAlekhAmAM karelA hoya te zilAlekhA azekinA rAjakALanA kayA cAlu varSamAM kArAelA hatA te nakkI karIne tenA ja AdhAre ApaNe ApaNI gaNatrI karI zakIe. ApaNe oI gayA chIe ke, azAkanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhA paikInA khIjA ane teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoke e yavanarAjone ullekha karelA che. paraMtu azAkanA rAjakALanA kayA cAlu varSamAM te zilAlekhA kAtarAyA haze ? senA sAheba evu mAne che ke, azAke peAtAnA rAjakALanA caudamA varSamAM peAtAnA badhA zilAlekhA kAtarAvelA hatA; ane badhA yuropIya vidvAnee A matanuM samarthana karyuM che. paraMtu zrIyuta harita krRSNa deva nAmaka baMgALI yuvake "azokajI dharmAlapajha" ( azAkanI dha lipio ) nAmaka potAnA aMgrejI graMthamAM uparanA matanI ceAgyatAnI bAbatamAM zaMkA UThAvI che; ane e lekhakanuM kahevuM yeAgya lAge che. kAraNeA batAvIne teNe ema batAvI ApyuM che ke,

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azekane nidAna bIje ane temAM mukhya zilAlekha te tenA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamA cAlU varSanA pahelAM kotarAyo nahi hoya.' ukta bane zilAlekho azakanA rAjakALanA aThThAvIsamA varSamAM kotarAyA hatA, ema ApaNe dhArIe to je varSamAM grIsanA pUrvokta pAMca rAjAo jIvatA hoya te varSanI sAthe ukta aThThAvIsamA varSane meLa maLavo joIe. teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM ullekhelo alidra (alikasuMdara) ane epirasane alekjhAMDara eka ja vyakti hoya te i. sa. pUrve ra7ranI ane i. sa. pUrve 255nI vacce azokanA rAjakALanuM aThThAvIsamuM varSa AvavuM joIe; paNa kariMthane elekjhAMDara ja azokakAlIna alikaza8 (alikasuMdara) hoya te I. sa. pUrve 2paranI ane I. sa. pUrve 250nI vacce azokanA rAjakALanuM avIsamuM varSa AvavuM joIe. uparanAM beda anumAne pikInuM bIjuM anumAna vadhAre mAnya thAya tevuM che, eTale ke, kariMthane alekjhAMDara ja azekakAlIna alikaza (alikasuMdara) hovo joIe. AvuM 1 e lekhakanI dalIla AvI che: azakane sAtamo staMbhalekha tenA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamA varSamAM kotarAye hatA. dharmane pracAra karavAnA hetuthI azoke pate e varSa sudhImAM je aneka ane vividha upAyo jyA hatA temanuM siMhAvalokana ukta staMbhalekhamAM teNe kareluM che, evuM sau vidvAne svIkAre che. grIsanA rAjAonAM rAjyamAM pare pakAranAM kAme karavAM ( juo bIje mukhya zilAlekha) ane dhamane pracAra karavo (juo teramo mukhya zilAlekha) e eTalA badhA mahattvanAM kAmo hatAM ke, e paradezamAM e kAme kAMIka aMze phatehamaMda nIvaDayAM che evuM tenA jANavAmAM AvyuM hota te tene potAne sAtame staMbhalekha karAyo te vakhate e vAtane ullekha teNe temAM jarUra karyo heta. paraMtu tevuM kAMI thayuM nathI, e khAsa dhyAnamAM levA jevuM che, ane tethI ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke, azekane sAtame staMbhalekha karAyo tenA pahelAM-eTale ke, azoknA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamAM cAlu varSanA pahelAM tene bIjA ane temAM mukhya zilAlekha kotarAyo nahi hoya. 2. ja. . e. se, 1914, pR. 945.

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47 hAine ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe ke, I. sa. pUrve 251, e azokanA rajikALanuM aThThAvIsamuM varSa haze. A gaNatrI kharI hoya te ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke, Azare i. sa. pUrve ra79mAM azoka gAdIe beTho have joIe. AvI gaNatrInuM pariNAma game te Ave; paraMtu te pariNAmane AdhAra be mukhya bAbatanI upara rahe che - 1) azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho paikInA bIjA ane teramA zilAlekhanuM varSa ane (2) teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM jaNAvelA alikazaka(alikasuMdara)nI kharekharI oLakhANa. A banne bAbatamAM anizcitatAno ghaNe aMza rahelo hovAthI, "azoka kyA varSamAM gAdIe Avyo ?" e cakkasapaNe nakakI thaI zake tema nathI. azokanA sAmrAjyanA vistAranI bAbatamAM ApaNe ghaNo sAre khyAla bAMdhI gayA. tenA upara kevA prakArano amala cAlatuM hatuM, ene khyAla bAMdhavAne prayatna have ApaNe karazuM. mauryavaMzanA rAjAonI rAjyapaddhati sAmAnyata: kevA prakAranI hatI, ene khyAla te kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra ane megAspenIsanI noMdha vAMcatAM ApaNane AvI zake che. paraMtu ApaNe to azokanA pitAnA zilAlebemAMthI ja tenI rAjyapaddhatinI mAhitI meLavavA dhArIe chIe. A jAtanI tapAsa kAMI uparachallI nahi nIvaDe. agAu ApaNuM jANavAmAM na AvI hoya evI aneka bAbato paratve ghaNuM navuM jANavAnuM e rIte ApaNane jarUra maLI zakaze. azokanuM sAmrAjya bahu vistRta hatuM, emAM te kAMI ja zaka nathI. eka ja vyakti ekalA hAthe AvA vistRta rAjyanA upara saphaLatApUrvaka amala calAvI zake nahi, ema paNa sau kaI kabUla karaze. AthI karIne evuM anumAna thaI zake che ke, azeke potAnA sAmrAjyanA amuka vibhAga pADayA haze ane mugalakALanA subAonA jevA sUbAo e paikInA dareka vibhAganI upara teNe nImyA haze.

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48 azokanA rAjakALamAM prAMtika sarakAranI rAjyapaddhati astitva dharAvatI hatI, ema tenA pitAnA lekhe spaSTapaNe batAvI Ape che. paraMtu tenI pachInA zAhI guptavaMzanA kALanI mAphaka tenA pitAnA kALamAM paNa prAMtika hAkema be prakAranA hatA. rAjakIya dRSTie je prAMta mahattvanA lAgatA- ane tethI karIne jemanI vyavasthA vaphAdArIthI ane yuktipura sara karavAnI jarUra jaNAto - te prAMta rAjavaMzanA putrone soMpavAmAM AvatA, ane teo "kumAra" kahevAtA. je cAra prAMtanA subA tarIke cAra kumAranI nImaNuka thaelI te cAra prAMtano ullekha azokanI dharmalipiomAM thaelo che. gaMdhAranA mukhya sthaLa(takSazilA)mAM evo eka kumAra nImAyo hate; kAraNa ke, te sarahadI prAMta hato tethI tenI vyavasthA saMbhALapUrvaka kare tevA vizvAsu hAkemane tyAM nImavAnI jarUra azakane jaNAi hatI. suvarNagirimAM e ja bIje kumAra nImAyo hato. e sthaLa kayuM haze? e praznane saMtoSakAraka khulAse hajI sudhI thayo nathI. tema chatAM paNa cheka dakSiNadizAmAM cola tathA pAMDayA ane keralaputra nAmaka rAjAonA svataMtra pradezane joDIne AvI rahelA sarahadI prAMtanuM te pATanagara hatuM, emAM to kAMI zaka hoI zake nahi. trIjA kumArane kaliMgadeza seDAyo hato, ane tenuM pATanagara tasalI' hatuM. dhavalI gAmamAMthI azekanA cAra mukhya zilAlekhonI eka nakala maLI AvelI hovAthI te ja azokakAlIna salI bezaka hevuM joIe. e prAMta suratamAM ja jItI levAmAM AvyuM hatuM tethI kaIka vizvAsapAtra ane cAlAka hAkemane tenI saMpaNI karavAnI jarUra azakane jaNAi hatI; ane tethI ja azoke pitAnA kumArane tenI subAgIrI saMpI hatI. eNe kumAra je prAMtane subo nImAyo hato te prAtanuM pATanagara "ujjayinI hatuM. te kAMi sarahadI prAMta na hatA. vaLI te kAMi tAjetaramAM ja chatAya na hato. tema chatAM paNa rAjakIya dRSTie azekane te prAMta bahu

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49 mahattvano lAgyo haze tethI ja teNe rAjavaMzanA kumArane tenI saMpUrNa karavAnuM zreya dhAryuM haze. azokanA rAjakALamAM kAMI ATalA ja prAMtika hAkema nahi hoya. jevI rIte keTalAka prAMtanI upara kumAra amala bhogavatA hatA tevI ja rIte rAjakuTuMbanI sAthe kaI paNa sagapaNa na dharAvanArA hAkemonA amalanI nIce rahelA bIjA paNa keTalAka prAMta azakanA vakhatamAM hovA joIe. azokanAM pitAnA lakhANamAMthI AvA prakAranA hAkemane eka paNa dAkhalo maLI Avato nathI, e vAta kharI che. tema chatAM paNa jUnAgaDhanI pAsenA giranAra parvatanI bAjumAM ja rudradAmAne je zilAlekha che temAMthI A prakAranA hAkemane eka dAkhalo ApaNane maLe che. rudradAmAnA zilAlekhamAM evuM lakheluM che ke, caMdraguptanA kALamAM surASTra(kAThiyAvADa )ne hAkema "vaizya puSyagupta' hatA, ane azokanA rAjakALamAM yavanarAja tuSArpa tene hAkema hatA. 1 rAjAne-ane temAM paNa yavanarAjane-prAMtika hAkema tarIke nImavAmAM Avele, e jANIne navAI pAmavAnI jarUra nathI. ameranA rAjA rAjA mAnasiMhane baMgALAnA hAkema tarIke akabare nImyo hato, e ApaNe kayAM nathI jANatA ? guptakALamAM paNa keTalAka prAMtika hAkema mahArAjA kahevAtA, ema itihAsa ApaNane kahe che. 2 - dANedarapuranA tAmrapatro ApaNane embekhuM jaNAve che ke, guptakALamAM dareka prAMta(muri)mAM aneka mahAla(vipara)ne samAveza thato hato, ane prAMtanA subAnI nImaNuka rAjAnA hAthe thatI tyAre mahAlanA vahIvaTadAranI nImaNuka prAMtanA subAnA hAthe thatI hatI. azokanA kALamAM dezanA vibhAgane mATe ane 1. e. i, 8, 43 ane 46-47, 4. e. i, 15, 136 ane 138 3. e. I, 15, 127 ane AgaLa.

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50 upavibhAgane mATe kyA zabdo vaparAtA hatA, e ApaNe jANatA nathI; paNa eTaluM to jaNAya che ke, mahAlanA vahIvaTadAranI nImaNuka rAjAnA hAthe thatI na hatI, paNa prAMtanA subAnA hAthe thatI hatI. siddhapura(sidApura)mAMthI azokanA pAMca goNu zilAlekhenI je narlo maLI AvelI che te A vAtane puSTi Ape che. emAM azake IsilanA mahAmAne bArebAra saMbodhana kareluM nathI; paNa pitAnA Aryaputra(kumAra)nI mAraphate ane dakSiNanA je prAMtanuM pATanagara suvarNagiri' hatuM te prAMtanA upari mahAmAnI mAraphate teNe IsilanA mahAmAtrone saMbodhana kareluM che. Ano artha evo thAya che ke, suvarNagiri prAMtamAM aneka mahAlone samAveza thato hato, ane e mahAle paikInA eka mahAlanuM mukhya sthaLa "Isila' hatuM. siddhapura( sidApura vALA zilAlekho emAM ja kotarAyA hatA. vaLI, kauzabInA ane sAranAthanA mahAmAtrone azake bArebAra hukama choDelA tema isilanA mahAmAtrone bArebAra hukama na meklatAM kumAra(Aryaputra)nI mAraphate azeke pitAnA hukama mekalelA tethI karIne ApaNe e ja nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, prAMtika hAkemone-nidAna kumArane potAnA mahAnA vahIvaTadAranI nImaNuka karavAno adhikAra ApavAmAM AveluM hatuM. guptakALamAM paNa e ja rivAja cAlU hato. suratamAM ja tAbe karelA kaliMgadezanA karUpa samApA" nI bAbatamAM paNa evuM ja kahI zakAya che. yAvagaDha(gA)nA lekhamAM azeke samApAnA mahAmAtrone sIdhesIdhA haka chAyA nathI, paNa e hukamo e mahAmAtrone pahoMcADavAnI AnA karelI che. dekhItI rIte, tosalInA kumAranI mAraphate e hukame samApAnA mahAmAtrone azoke pahoMcaDAvyA haze. * kumAre potapotAnA prAMtamAM saMpUrNa adhikAra chogavatA hatA ke kema? e praznano uttara khAtrIpUrvaka ApI zakato nathI. pUrepUre ane uparanA dAba vagarane adhikAra temane ApavAmAM Avele nahi,

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ema jaNAya che; kAraNa ke, jyAM jyAM prAMtika sarakArane azake saMbodhana kareluM che tyAM tyAM mAtra kumArane uddezIne ja kAMI kahyuM nathI, paNa kumArane ane tenA mahAmAtrone sAthesAthe ja uddezIne. kahyuM che. dhavalIne ane yAvagaDhane bIje lekha A vAtanI sAkSI pure che. te ja pramANe sthAnika sarakAra potAnA tAbAnA mahAlanA vahIvaTadArane hukama choDavA mAgatI tyAretyAre kumAra (Aryaputra), tema karato nahi, paNa kumAra ane tenA mahAmAtro sAthe maLIne tema karatA. siddhapura(siddApura)ne lekha A vAtanI sAkSI pUre. che. Ama thAya te kudaratI ja che; kAraNa ke, prAMtanA subAnI upara, kaI paNa jAtane dAba na rahe te te svataMtra rAjA thaI bese, eve bhaya rahe che. TUMkamAM kahIe to, azokanA kALamAM AryaputranI sattA kumAra ane tenA mahAmAtro maLIne je maMtrImaMDaLa banatuM tenI sA kharuM jotAM hatI. pitAnA trIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azake traNa prakAranA adhikArIo gaNAvelA che(1) prAdezikA; (2) rAjuke; ane (3) yukta. azoke "yukta" zabdane je artha kare te ja arthavALo e ja zabda kATilyakRta "arthazAstra" mAM paNa vaparAele che e hakIktanI tarapha zrIyuta epha. Dabalyu. camasa sAhebe ApaNuM dhyAna prathama kheMcyuM hatuM. 1 "tAbAne amaladAra,' evo teno artha masa sAhebe karelo che; paraMtu kauTilyanA kathananA AdhAre ApaNe yukta" nAmaka adhikArIne vadhAre cokkasa khyAla bAMdhI zakIe chIe. kauTilya "yukto ne tema ja temanA madadanIza "upayukto ne ullekha karelo che. temanI pharaje eka ja prakAranI hatI. Tilya be prakaraNomAM emanI pharajonuM varNana kareluM che. e be prakaraNe kALajIpUrvaka vAMcI jatAM ApaNane khAtrI thAya che ke, teo khAsa karIne mahAlanA vahIvaTadAra hatAM. teo rAjAnI milkatanI vyavasthA 1ja. za e. se, 1909, pR. 46-47, 1914, pR. 37-391 ,

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para karatA tema ja mahesula ugharAvatA ane tene hisAba rAkhatA, ane mahesulamAM vadhAre thavAno saMbhava lAgato tyAretyAre kharca karavAnI sattA dharAvatA. jaimasa sAhebe "mAnavadharmazAstra"mAMthI je loka udhUta karela che te A vAtane ki Ape che. manu bhagavAne kahyuM che ke, chevAI gaelI mikta pAchI jaDe tyAretyAre yuktonA kabajAmAM rahevI joIe. AthI karIne ema kahI zakAya che ke, rAjAnuM mahesula ugharAvavAnuM ane rAjAnI miktA saMbhALavAnuM kAma e adhikArIone soMpavAmAM AveluM hatuM. tyArapachInA kALamAM paNa "yukta" ane "upayukta' cAlu rahyA hatA, e khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. zaka 853(i. sa. 930) nI sAlamAM rASTrakUTa vaMzanA rAjA e goviMda pitAnA eka tAmrapatramAM rASTrapati" tathA "prAmakUTa" ane "mahattara nAmaka adhikArIonI sAthe sAthe yukta ane upayukta'no ullekha kare che.' yuktanA ane "upayukta'nA badalAmAM keIka prasaMge anukrame "Ayukta' ane "viniyukata paNa ApaNI najare caDhe che. allAhAbAdamAM samudraguptane je staMbhalekha che temAM "Ayukatane ullekha kare che. teo potAnA bAhubaLathI jItI lIdhelI, aneka rAjAonI mikta pAchI meLavatA," evuM e staMbhalekhamAM kaheluM che. budhaguptanA eka tAmrapatramAM paNa "viSayapati" (mahAla-vahIvaTadAra) tarIke Ayuktane ullekha thaele che. 3 kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra"mAM "pradeSTra' nAmaka je adhikArIne ullekha thaele che te ja azokakAlIna "prAdezikahe joIe, evuM anumAna thomasa sAhebe kareluM che, ane e ja lAge che. eNmasa sAhebe arthazAstramAMthI aneka phakarAo TAMkIne spaSTapaNe 1. e. che, 7, 39-40. + 2, e. i, 15, 138, 3The. che. che, 3, 14

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53 " ema batAvI ApyuM che ke, pradeSNune mahesula UdharAvavuM, ane zaheranI cAkI bharavI : e kArAmArI karajo sAMpAelI hatI. " 1 paraMtu eTalAthI ja basa na hatuM. e prasaMge tene dharmAMstha ' kahyo che tethI ema jaNAya che ke, nyAyAdhIzanu kAma paNa tene sAMpavAmAM AveluM hatuM. vaLI, amAtya( maMtrI )nI sAthesAthe ja tenI noMdha thaelI hovAthI te moTA adhikArI hAvA joie, ema paNa kahI zakAya che. rAjyanA adhikArIonA pagAranA ane mahenatANAnA saMbaMdhamAM "arthazAstra'mAM je prakaraNa ApeluM che temAM kahyuM che ke, adhyakSa( supariTeDa )nA pagAranA karatAM praSNunA pagAra vadhAre hAvA joie. 2 A hakIkata uparanI vAtane sabaLa TakA Ape che. rAjukA'nA kAMika khulAsA byuhalara sAhebe ApaNane ApelA che. 3 " kurudhamma-jAtaka"mAMthI UtArA ApIne temaNe ema batA ApyuM che ke, e graMthamAM jete vistArapUrvaka rajjIka' athavA 'rajju grAhaka ' kahyo che te ja azAkakAlIna 'rAjaka' hAvA joie. 'rajju'tA ( dAraDAnA ) upayAga karIne jamInanI mApaNI karavI, ane e rIte jamInanI sarahado nakkI karavI: e tenI krUja hatI, ema " kuHdhamma-jAtaka"mAM kahyuM che. tene 'samajI' kyo che. tethI byuhalara sAheba ema mAne che ke, pradeSvanA jevA ja te moTA amaladAra hovA joIe, ane hAlanA mulkIkhAtAnA mahesulI adhikArIne maLatA te DhAvA joIe. vaLI, seMkaDA ane hajArA manuSyeAnI upara rajjune nImavAmAM AvelA hatA, ema azAke pote ja kahyuM che tethI pazu evI khAtrI thAya che ke, rajjuka moTA adhikArI hAvA joie. 1. 4. rA. e.sI., 1914, pR. 383 ane AgaLa; 1915, . 112. 2. pU. 245. 3. sA. DaeN. mA. ge., 47, pR. 466 ane AgaLa; phikakRta sAziyala Argenijhezansa, eTa seTerA" (sAmAjika saMsthAo, vagere ) (bhASAMtara ), 3. 148--149.

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azokanA kALamAM rajajune vyavahAranuM ane "daMDanuM kAma soMpAyuM. hatuM; eTale ke, meM badale ApavAnI tema ja sajA karavAnI sattA dharAvanAre nyAyAdhIza te hatA. sTree AvA ja prakAranA nyAyAdhIzenI noMdha letAM kahyuM che ke, nadIonI saMbhALa teo rAkhe che tathA mIsaramAM jamInanI mApaNI thAya che tevI ja rIte teo jamInanI mApaNI kare che ane jene jema egya hoya tene tema InAma ApavAnI ke zikSA karavAnI sattA dharAve che." 1 Ama lakhatI veLAe skaMbane azekakAlIna "rajajuke' yAda AvyA hoya, e banavAjoga che; ane tethI ema paNa kahI zakAya che ke, rajajuke nyAyAdhIzanuM kAma karatA eTaluM ja nahi, paNa mahesulI adhikArInuM kAma paNa karatA. AnA saMbaMdhamAM bIjA eka adhikArIne vicAra karavAnuM rahe che. dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA lekho paikInA pahelA lekhamAM azake tene "-kriyadila' (nagara-vyavahAraka) kaNo che. "arthazAstramAM jene "para-vyAvahAraka kahyuM che te ja azokakAlIna "nagara-vyavahAraka' he joIe. mAtra mahAlanAM mukhya sthaLoe ja nyAyAdhIzanuM kAma te karate haze, ema lAge che. tene je pagAra maLate tene vicAra ApaNe karIe te to kumArano mobho ane tene mobho ekasarakhe hato. pradeDu(prAdezika)nI pAyarIthI caDhatI pAyarIne te hatA, eTaluM to ekkasa che. 1. "pAliTikala hisTarI opha esTaMTa IDiyA ma dhI eNksezana eNka parIkSita Tu dhI eDhiMkarana epha dhI gupta DIsTI"(parIkSitanA rAjyAbhiSekathI mAMDIne guptavaMzanA vinAza paryatane prAcIna hiMdustAnane rAjakIya ItihAsa) nAmaka pitAnA aMgrejI graMthamAM zrIyuta hemacaMdra rAyacaudharIe A vAtanI tarapha prathama ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM. 2. pU. 20 ane 245.

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55 anya prakAranA cAreka adhikArIono ullekha azeke pitAnI dharmalipiomAM karela che. te paikInA traNa adhikArIonAM nAma azokanA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM jovAmAM Ave che. "mamalAmati" tathA "phira-mahAmAtA ane bannarapUmi': e emanAM nAma che. dhanamAta"nI oLakhANa thoDA vakhatamAM ApaNe karI levAnA chIe. "fza-mAnati' kharuM jotAM "razikSa-maNimA triIonA adhyakSa (supariTeMDaTa) rUpa mahAmAtra hovo joIe. kauTivyakRta "arthazAstra"mAMthI A adhikArInuM nAma maLI AvatuM nathI. tema chatAM paNa tenI pharajanuM anumAna sahelAIthI thaI zake tema che. jeNe kauTilyakRta "arthazAstrane bArIka abhyAsa karyo haze te eTaluM te jANatA ja haze ke, kauTilya pitAnA e graMthamAMnA dharmasthIya" nAmaka prakaraNamAM strIone lagatA judA judA agharA prazno-strIonuM bharaNapoSaNa, strIone svachaMda, strIonuM haraNa, vagere vagere prazno-carcelA che. nirAdhAra strIo garbhavatI hoya tyAre ane teo bALakane janma Ape tyAre temanuM bharaNapoSaNa karavuM, e sarakAranI pitAnI pharaja che ema sarakAra pite samajatI hatI. azokanA kALamAM khAsa A ja kAme adhikArI nImAya heya, ane te "yadhyakSa' kahevAto hoya ema mAnI zakAya che. paraMtu azoke jemane "vAmi' kahyA che te kevA prakAranA adhikArI haze? e samajavuM jarA agharuM thaI paDe che. sadarahu adhikArInA ukta nAmanA pahelA be akSara braka' haze, evuM anumAna karavAmAM Ave che. kauTilyakRta "arthazAstramAM traNa sthaLe "zka zabada vaparAe che. " gAyo, bheMsa, bakarA, gheTAM, gadheDA, UMTa, ghoDA ane khaccaraH e saunAM dhaNu": evo tene artha "arthazAstramAM kareluM che. A sAdhanane laIne rAjyane mahesula maLatuM hatuM. e ja graMthanA amuka eka prakaraNamAM te Dagalane paNa ullekha karela che. e " kSa' [ gAyane adhyakSa (supariTeMDaMTa) ] rAjAnA vagaranI

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vyavasthA rAkhate tathA Dhorane Ucherato ane rAjakuTuMbanuM dugdhAlaya (DerI) saMbhALa. AthI karIne evuM anumAna thaI zake che ke, rAjAnAM pitAnAM athavA te khAnagI vyaktinAM tema ja rAjakuTuMbane mAla pUro pADatAM athavA rAjyane nANAMnuM utpanna karAvatAM DhoranA adhikArIone "vrajabhUmikA' tarIke azake eALakhAvyA haze. ahIM have mAtra eka ja adhikArIne vicAra karavAnuM rahe che. tenuM nAma "saMta-mahAmati (aMta-mahAmAtra) che. "sarahadI pradezanA mahAmAtro: e ene artha karavAmAM AveluM che. azoke pitAnA pahelA staMbhalekhamAM temane ullekha kare che. azokanA pitAnA pradezamAM vasatA, asthira mananA lekene dharmane anusaravAnI bAbatamAM samajAvavAnuM kAma game te prakAranA tenA adhikArIo karatA hatA tevI ja rIte dekhItI rIte rAjyanI hadanI bahAra vasatA lakAne te pramANe samajAvavAnuM kAma aMta-mahAmAtrA karatA hatA, ema kahevAno azoka hetu hovA joIe. AthI ema jaNAya che . ke, azekanA sAmrAjyanA sarahadI prAMtanA adhikArI tarIke aMtamahAmAtrA nImAyA na hatA, paNa azakanA pitAnA dharmapracAranA kAmane UpADI levAnA hetuthI pADesanAM rAjyomAM teo nImAyA hatA. e ja staMbhalekhamAM azoke aMta-mahAmAne puSa'thI (pitAnA rAjyanA adhikArIthI) jUdA gaNyA che, e A vAtanuM samarthana kare che. vaLI, azeke potAnI dharmalipiomAM jyAM jyAM "aMta' zabda vAparyo che tyAMtyAM "sarahadane rAjA" athavA "sarahadI rAjyanA leke e tene artha thAya che, e vAta paNa ApaNA upalA kathanane puSTi Ape che. chellA cAra prakAranA adhikArIonI pharajo jUdI jUdI hatI te paNa azake te saune "mahAmAtro' kahyA che, ema vAcake joI - 1, pR. 60 ane 5. 1ra8 tathA AgaLa.

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pa7 lIdhuM haze. AthI karIne evuM anumAna thaI zake che ke, "mahAmAtra zabdano artha "meTa adhikArI" athavA "mobhAdAra amaladAra ja haI zake 1 dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA judA judA lekhe paikInA pahelA lekhamAM azake nagara-vyAvahArikAne paNa mahAmAtro kahyA che, e vAtathI paNa upale artha vadhAre spaSTa thAya che. vaLI, bIje sAmAnya zabda paNa azokanI dharmalipiomAM jovAmAM Ave che. te zabda "puSa" che. e zabda te upalA zabadathI paNa vadhAre sAmAnya arthavALo che. game te prakArane adhikArI te vakhate puruSa kahevAto hato. Ano khulAse azokanA pahelA staMbhalekhamAMthI maLI Ave che. temAM azake "puruSo" nA traNa varga pADelA che - (1) utkarSa ( UMcA varNanA ) adhikArIe; (2) gevaya (halakA varNanA) adhikArIo; ane (3) madhyama varNanA adhikArIo. A mahAmAtronI sAthe rAjAno saMbaMdha kevA prakArano hato? e savAla have Ubho thAya che. ezokanuM sAmrAjya bahu vistRta hatuM, ane tethI aneka mahAmAtranI nImaNuka thaelI hovI joie. eka ja rAjA A badhA adhikArIonI sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha kevI rIte rAkhI zake ? eka bAjue rAjAnI sAthe ane bIjI bAjue adhikArIonI sAthe gADha saMbaMdha dharAvatA kaI madhyastha maMDaLane ullekha azokanI dharmalipiomAM kareluM che khare? hA. pariSada te jAtanI saMsthA hatI. azokanA be lekhamAM teno ullekha thaela che. kauTilya pitAnA " arthazAstramAM jene maMtrI-pariSada" kahI che te ja azake kahelI "pariSada" hovI joIe, e dekhItuM che. te maMtrImaMDaLa hatuM. je kAma zarU thayuM na hoya te kAma zarU karavuM tathA je kAma zarU thayuM hoya te kAma pUruM karavuM tema ja je kAma thayuM hoya te kAma sudhAravuM ane hukamane barAbara amala 1. . . e. se. 1914, pR. 386-387.

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58 karAvavoH e maMtrImaMDaLanuM kAma hatuM, ema kauTilyanuM kahevuM che. je adhikArIo pitAnI pAse hoya te adhikArIonI sAthe sahakAra karIne ane je adhikArIo potAthI dUra hoya te adhikArIonI sAthe patravyavahAra karIne kAmane nikAla karavo? e paNa tenuM kAma hatuM. kAMI paNa ati mahatvanuM kAma upasthita thatuM tyAre rAjA pitAnA salAhakArene bhegA karato eTaluM ja nahi, paNa pitAnA maMtrImaMDaLanA sabhyone paNa belAvo; ane e sabhyo je kAMI sUcanA bahumatIthI karatA te sUcanAnA anusAra te amala kasto, athavA to phateha meLavI Ape e je kAI mArga teo batAvI ApatA te mArge te pote ja. kauTille Ama kahyuM che. azokanI dharmalipiomAM pariSadanI bAbatamAM je kahyuM che tenI sAthe Ane meLa paNa maLe che. azoka pitAnA trIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahe che ke, "thoDe kharca' (apavyayatA) ane "thoDI bacata' (apabhAMDatA) dharmanAM be aMge che. e saddaguNane lokamAM jAgrata karIne piSavAnuM kAma "yukatone azake sepyuM haze, ema dekhItI rIte lAge che. paraMtu koI paNa be kuTuMbanI jIMdagInI jarUriyAte ekasarakhI na hoI zake tethI, kuTuMboe keTaluM bacAvavuM ane keTaluM kharcavuM, e bAbatane sarvasAdhAraNa cakkasa niyama karAvI na zakAya. AthI karIne pitAnA hukamane je hetu hoya tene ja anusarIne pitAnA hukamane amala karavAnI bAbatamAM "yukato ane salAha ApavAne hukama pariSadane azake karyo che. AthI karIne prathama to ema jaNAya che ke, rAjAnA dareka hukamane amala thAya, e jovAnuM kAma pariSadane sapAeluM hatuM. vaLI, ( kauTilyakRta "arthazAstramAM "mAM kahyuM che tema) adhikArIonA kAmanI upara dAba rAkhavAnuM ane emane madada karavAnuM kAma paNa pariSadane seMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ati mahattvanuM kAmakAja upasthita thAya tenA saMbaMdhamAM pariSadanI pharajanI vigata kauTilyakRta "arthazAstramAM ApelI che ane rAjyavyavasthA

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nI hakIkta pUrI pADatA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM paNa A bAbatamAM bhAra daIne kahevAmAM AveluM che. e zilAlekhamAM azoka kahe che ke, "(hukama) ApavAnI ke saMbhaLAvavAnI bAbatamAM huM je kAMi moDhethI pharamAvuM tenA saMbaMdhamAM, athavA to vaLI, mahAmAtronA upara kAMI mahattvanuM kAma AvI paDe tenA saMbaMdhamAM maMtrImaMDaLamAM kAMI matabheda paDe ke te radabAtala thAya te sarvatra ane sarva samaye tenA samAcAra mane turata pahoMcADavA, evuM pharamAna meM karyuM che." A bAbatamAM azoka evuM kahevA mAge che ke, te pita meDhethI kAMI hukama kare tyAre athavA te kAMI ati mahattvanuM kAma mahAmAtronA upara AvI paDe tyAre pariSade maLavuM joIe ane e bAbatanI carcA karavI joIe. pariSadanA sau sabhyo sarvAnumate nirNaya kare te hukamane amala karavAnI athavA ati mahatvanuM kAma karavAnI bAbatamAM kAMI paNa savAla na rahe. paraMtu e bAbatamAM kAMI matabheda thAya athavA to sarvAnumate teno virodha thAya, ane e bAbata thoDA vakhatane mATe AvI mukAya, te e. matabhedanI ane virodhanI tapAsa karavAnuM tema ja e be paikInI kayI jAtanI salAha sauthI vadhAre phaLadAyaka nIvaDaze te nakkI karavAnuM kAma rAjAnuM che. paNa te pote kAMI nirNaya kare tenA pahelAM pariSadanA abhiprAyano lAbha tene maLavA joIe. nirNaya karavAnI bAbatamAM kAMI paNa DhIla na thAya teTalA mATe teNe prativedaka(bAtamIdAre)ne e hukama karela ke, te pote game te vakhate game te sthaLe hoya to paNa pariSadane abhiprAya baMdhAya eTale turata ja temaNe te abhiprAya tene pitAne kahI jaNavave. A badhuM jotAM ema jaNAya che ke, hAlanA maMtrImaMDaLanA jevI te kALanI pariSada hatI. rAjAnI ane tenA mahAmAtrAnI vacce rahIne te madhyastha maMDaLa tarIkenuM kAma karatI. rAjA potAnA hukamanI bAbatamAM pharIthI vicAra karI zake teTalA mATe rAMjAnA hukamano amala karatA pahelAM

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-te hukamane pUrNa vicAra karavAnI sattA pariSadane hatI. vaLI, mahAmAtrane ane pariSadanA sabhyone abhiprAya eka ja thatA te rAjAne pUchyA vagara paNa kAMI ati mahatvanA kAmanI bAbatamAM te pariSada mahAmAtrane salAha ApI zakatI. paraMtu mahAmAtranI ane pariSadanA sabhyonI vacce kAMI matabheda paDate, athavA te rAjonA ke mahAmAtranA nirNayathI viruddha ja nirNaya pariSadanA sabhya sarvAnumate karatA, te e AkhuM prakaraNa rAjAne rajU karavAmAM AvatuM. kAraNa ke, rAjA ja chevaTanA lavAdanuM kAma karato. azokanI rAjyapaddhatinA saMbaMdhamAM bIjI paNa mahattvanI vAta nedhavAlAyaka che. te e ke, pitAnA kAmane nikAla karavAne mATe musApharI karavAnI pharaja tenA amaladArone paDatI hatI. teo sAdhAraNa rIte "viyuya" ke "cuTa" ( saMskRta bhASAmAM - zuSTa) tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. azekano sAranAthano lekha A vAta spaSTa kare che. potapotAnA prAMtanI hadanI aMdara musApharI karavAnI bAbatamAM azoke pote potAnA mahAmAtrane sUcanA karI hatI, evuM e lekhamAM jaNAveluM che. pitAnA rUpanAthanA lekhamAM paNa e ja sUcanA azeke karelI che; paraMtu phera mAtra eTale ja che ke, temAM teNe bhRSTone A sUcanA karelI che. azokanA sAtamA staMbhalekhamAM vyaSTone puruSo (amaladAro) kahyA che. asaMkhya lokenA upari tarIke temanI nImaNuka karelI hatI tethI ema lAge che ke, teo moTo hedo bhogavatA haze. azokanA trIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che ke, prAdezika tathA rajajuka ane yukti pitAnA dararojanA kAmakAjane mATe musApharIe nIkaLatA hatA. teo UMcI pAyarInA amaladAra hatA, e te ApaNe joI gayA chIe. sAranAthane lekha vAMcIne ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe ke, musApharI karatA mahAmAtroe (amaladAroe) vArApharatI upavAsa(kaparAza)nA divasee pitApitAnA mahAlanA mukhya sthaLamAM pAchA AvI

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pahoMcavuM paDatuM. vaLI, dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA lekhe paikIne pahele lekha vAMcatAM evuM jaNAI Ave che ke, tiSya nakSatranA divase eTale ke, rAjAnA janmadivase e sau mahAmAtroe sadara sthaLe hAjara rahevuM paDatuM. rAjA tarIke azaka kevo hato ? e have ApaNe zuM. prathama te, te potAnI prajAnI pratye ke bhAva rAkhato, e jovuM rasabharyuM thaI paDe tema che. dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA lekhamAM teNe potAnA mananA UMDANanAM darzana ApaNane karAvelAM che. temAM te kahe che ke, " sarva manuSyo mArAM saMtAno che. jevI rIte mArAM saMtAnanI bAbatamAM huM icchuM chuM ke A lekanA tema ja paralokanA saMbaMdhanAM sarva hitasukha teo meLave tevI ja rIte sarva manuSyonI bAbatamAM paNa huM evuM icchuM chuM." AthI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, "rAjA pitAnA jevo che," ema azake mAnate hate. mauryakALanI aniyaMtrita rAjasattAnI tarapha e rIte teNe ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM che. te bALako mAtra potAnAM mAbApanA upara AdhAra rAkhe che, ane mAbApa temanI sAthe game tema vatI zake che. te ja pramANe prAcIna kALamAM prajA mAtra rAjAnA upara AdhAra rAkhI rahetI, ane rAjA aniyaMtrita sattA bhogavate. mauryakALanI pahelAMnA * kALanI vastusthiti taddana UMdhI hatI. te kALamAM rAjA te rAjyane mAtra nokara ja manAte, ane pitAnI nekarInA badalAmAM pitAne 1. juo pR. 11. 2. kauTilyakta arthazAstramAM be sthaLe (pR. 47 mAM ane pR. 28 mA) A ja muddo jevAmAM Ave che. bApanI ane chokarAnI vaccenA saMbaMdhanA je rAjAnI ane prajAnI vacceno saMbaMdha che, ema emAM kahyuM che. " kalakattA rIvyu" 1922, 5 393 A muddAnI tarapha ApaNuM dayAna kheMce che.

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6ra * pagAra maLI zake teTalA mATe amuka amuka kara nAkhavAnI paravAnagI tene maLelI hatI. pitAnA rAjyamAM azoke kevA sudhArA dAkhala karelA ? ene vicAra have ApaNe karazuM. nyAya ApavAnI bAbatamAM to azeka khAsa dhyAna ApatA, ane te bAbatamAM to tenuM mana khAsa vyagra rahetuM. suratamAM ja jItI lIdhelA kaliMgadezane pitAnA sAmrAjyanI sAthe teNe joDI dIdho ane maMtrImaMDaLa sahita kumAranA tAbAmAM tene sapo te vakhate te e prAMtanA upara khAsa najara rAkhatA hatA, e jANIne ApaNane kAMI paNa navAI lAgavI na joIe. dhavalImAMthI ane cAvagaDhamAM maLI AvelA jUdA lekhamAM teNe nagara-vyAvahArikene sakhta Thapako Apela che; kAraNa ke, mahAlanA mukhya sthaLa rUpa tasalImAM ane samApAmAM vasatA keTalAka lokene jorajulamathI kedamAM nAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA athavA te nAhaka satAvavAmAM AvatA hatA, evuM tenA jANavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. sarve manuSya tenAM pitAnAM saMtAna che, ane sau manuSyo tema ja tenAM pitAnAM saMtAne bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika hitasukha meLave ema te pote Icache che, evuM pote kaheluM che teno artha teo barAbara samajyA lAgatA nathI. ema azoka temane spaSTa rIte kahI de che. sAdhakabAdhaka kAraNenI sAthe pitAnA vicAro darzAvIne pachI te temane saMgIna salAha Ape che. "IrSA, khaMtanI khAmI, kaDakapaNuM, adhIrAI, abhyAsanI khAmI, ALasa ane thAka" "e durgaNethI saMbhALapUrvaka dUra rahevAnI bAbatamAM tathA "khaMta ane dhI" rAkhavAnI Teva pADavAnI bAbatamAM te khasa ataHkaraNathI temane Agraha kare che. teo pitAnI pharaja khaMtathI adA karaze to teo svarge pahecaze nahi tema ja rAjAnA RNamAMthI paNa mukta thaze nahi, ema te temane kahI de che. teNe pite A badhI salAha ApelI. tema chatAM paNa vastusthiti kadAca na sudhare, ane lokone jorajulamathI kedamAM nAkhavAnuM tema ja nAhaka kanaDagata

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karavAnuM cAlu rahe, evI bIka tene rahetI haze tethI karIne te temane cetavaNI Ape che ke, rAjAnI je AjJA hoya tene ja anusarIne teo varte che ke kema, e javAne te pote dara pAMca varSe potAnA ke mahAmAtrane tapAsa karavAnA kAme mokalI Apaze. bIjA prAMtomAM paNa evI geravyavasthA cAlavA devI ane pAchaLathI tenA upAyo javA, e ThIka nahi? ema dhArIne teNe takSazilAnA tathA ujjayinInA kumArane e hukama karyo che ke, temaNe e ja hetuthI evA mahAmAtrone potapotAnA prAMtanI hadamAM tapAsa karavAnA kAme mekalavA. - mahAlemAM vasatA lekene jorajulamathI kedamAM nAkhavAmAM Ave che ke kema, tathA temane nAhaka kanaDagata thAya che ke kema ? enI tapAsa karavAnA kAme mekalAtA mahAmA koNa haze? e savAla ahIM Ubho thAya che. emanI bAbatamAM eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, potAnA rAjanA kAmakAjanI bAbatamAM bedarakAra rahyA vagara A navI pharaja adA karavAnuM temane kahevAmAM AveluM che. azonA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM prathama najare paDatA dharmamahAmAtro ja ukta mahAmAtrA hovA joIe. e zilAlekhamAM azeka kahe che ke, e prakAranA amaladAranI nImaNuka karavAnI bAbatamAM teNe pote ja pahela karI hatI. temanI pharajo paNa teNe pitAnA ukta zilAlekhamAM gaNavelI che. prajAnA aihika tema ja pAralaukika hitasukhanI utpatti ane vRddhi thAya, e ja azokanA "dharmano hetu hato tethI karIne dharmamahAmAtronI pharaje paNa be prakAranI rahetI hatI. prajAnA AdhyAtmika hitasukhane sAdhavAnI tathA vadhAsvAnI bAbatamAM azake temane je prakAranI AjJA karelI tene vicAra to "dharmopadezaka azeka" nAmaka prakaraNamAM ApaNe karavAnA chIe. ahIM te prajAnA aihika hitasukhanA saMbaMdhamAM temanI je pharajo hatI temane ja vicAra ApaNe karazuM. je lekene kedamAM pUryA hoya

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temanA upara dekharekha rAkhavI ane te pachI kaI kedI bahu moTA kuTuMbavALo hoya te tene nANunI madada karavI tema ja kaI kedIne duHkha thatuM hoya te tenI hAthakaDI kADhI levI ane keI kedI bahu ja gharaDe hoya te tene choDI paNa muko: e dharmamahAmAtranI pharaja paikInI eka pharaja hatI. AthI karIne eTaluM te spaSTa thAya che ke, prAMtanAM zaheromAM nyAya apAya tenA upara dekharekha rAkhavAnuM je kAma musApharI karatA mahAmAne soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ema azake ke dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA lekhamAM kahyuM che te kAma kharI rIte dharmamahAmAtrone ja soMpAyuM hatuM. eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, je kedIne duHkha thatuM hoya tenI hAthakaDI kADhI laine anyAya dUra karavAno adhikAra tene ApavAmAM Avyo hato eTaluM ja nahi, paNa kaI kedInuM bahoLuM kuTuMba nirAdhAra hoya te tene nANunI madada ApIne athavA koi kedI gharaDo thaI gaelA hovAthI kedakhAnAnI keTaDImAM rahI zake tevo na hoya te tene choDI mukIne paNa nyAyamAM dayAne aMza dAkhala karavAno adhikAra tene ApavAmAM Avyo hato. vaLI, azokanA sAmrAjyanA je bhAgamAM yavananA tathA kabajenA tema ja gaMdhAnA ane rASTrikAnA tathA anya aparAMtinA pradezo AvelA hatA te bhAgamAM jIvadayAnuM kAma karavuM : e paNa temanI pharaja hatI. brAhmaNavarga ane gRhapativarga paikInA je lekenI dayAjanaka sthiti thaI gaI hoya te lekAnA hitasukhanI tarapha dhyAna ApavuM tema ja sAmAnya rIte nirAdhAra ane gharaDA lekenAM kAma karavAM e paNa temanI pharaja hatI. . nirAdhAra ane vRddha lekane rAjya pite madada Ape: e vicAra kAMI navIna nathI. azokanA kALanA pahelAM paNa e rivAja pracalita hatuM. kauTilya pitAnA "arthazAstramAM kahe che ke, "anAtha tema ja vRddha tathA apaMga tema ja mAdA ane nirAdhAra mANasane rAjAe pALavApALavA 1. pR. 47.

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joIe. azokanA kALanA pahelAM rAjya pitAnI ukata pharaja adAM na karatuM hoya, e banavAjoga che; ane tethI karIne e rivAjane pharIthI cAlU karavAnA hetuthI tathA te cAlU ja rahe teTalA mATe teNe potAnA sarjelA "dharmamahAmAtrAne e kAma soMpyuM hatuM. jIvadayAno e siddhAMta azoke potAnA ja bhejamAMthI pedA karyo na hato, ema ApaNe mAnI laIe te paNa, anyAya thatA tyAre tene dUra karIne nyAya cUkavavAnI paddhati tema ja thaelI sajAthI gunegArane duHkha thatuM te tevI sakhta sajAnI bAbatamAM rAhata ApavAnI paddhati teNe dAkhala karelI, e kAMI nAnIsUnI vAta na hatI. rAjA tarIke azoka kevo hato, ene eka prakArano khyAla A rIte ApaNe bAMdhe. dharmamahAmAtranI nImaNuka karavAno vicAra te azokane ja pahelavahelo sUjhele. teNe pitAnA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che ke, potAnA rAjakALanA teramA varSamAM teNe prathama temanI nImaNuka karI hatI. e ja arasAmAM teNe potAnI rAjyavyavasthAmAM bIje sudhAre dAkhala karelo, ema lAge che. chaThThI mukhya zilAlekhamAM e sudhArAnuM varNana teNe kareluM che. kAmane nikAla jhaDapathI karavo joIe, evuM teNe TharAvyuM hatuM. prajA potAnA rAjAne maLI zake, e te paurvAtya dezanuM-ane temAM paNa khAsa karIne prAcIna hiMdustAnanuM -khAsa mahattvanuM lakSaNa gaNAya che. paraMtu A bAbatamAM azoke je saraLatA karI ApelI tene te bIjo koI rAjA bhAgye ja TapI jaI zake. potAnA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM teNe jaNAvI dIdhuM che tema, te pote bhajana karato hoya ke jhanAnAmAM hoya ke zayanagRhamAM hoya ke tabelAmAM hoya ke ghoDe beTho hoya ke bagIcAmAM heya to paNa sarva kALe ane sthaLe sarva samAcAra meLavavAne te khuzI hate. AnA saMbaMdhamAM ja teNe prativedake (bAtamIdAro)no ane upara ApaNe carcA gayA te pariSadane ullekha karelA

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che. teNe je zabdo vAparelA che temAM tenI AturatAnAM ane dhagazanAM barAbara darzana thaI zake che. te kahe che ke, "(mArI) jahematathI ane (mArA) kAmanA nikAlathI mane kadi paNa saMtoSa thato nathI; kAraNa ke, AkhI duniyAnuM hita mArA mate mAnabharI pharaja che. vaLI, tenA mULamAM jahemata ane kAmane nikAla rahelAM che. AkhI duniyAnA hitathI vadhAre umadA pharaja bIjI koI nathI. vaLI, je kAMI jahemata huM UThAvuM chuM te evA hetuthI ke, bhUtanI pratyenA RNamAMthI huM mukta thAuM, teomAMnA keTalAkane ahIM sukhI kare ane teo pahelekamAM svarge pahoMce. A dharmalipi evA hetuthI meM lakhAvI che ke, te lAMbA vakhata sudhI TakI rahe, ane mArA putro ane pautro AkhI duniyAnA hitane mATe jahemata UThAve. paNa atizaya parAkrama vagara Ama karavuM agharuM che. " pitAnI rAjyapaddhatine lagatA koI mahattvanA sudhArA Azare tera varSa sudhI te azake hAthamAM lIdhelA nahi, ema jaNAya che. paraMtu pitAnA rAjakALanA chavIsamA varSamAM teNe khAsa karIne pitAnA pratimAM nyAyane amala yogya rIte karavAnI bAbatamAM mahattvanuM pagaluM bharyuM. tenA cothA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM kahyuM che ke, e varSamAM teNe rajukAne nImyA hatA. te pote kahe che ke, "nyAyanI ane daMDanI bAbatamAM meM temane svataMtra banAvyA che. kema? rajajuke vizvAsapUrvaka ane bIka vagara pitAnI pharajo bajAve, pratinA lekenuM hitasukha sAdhe ane (temano) anugraha kare teTalA mATe." e ja staMbhalekhamAM vadhArAmAM ema paNa kahyuM che ke, "je sukha ke duHkha Ape che tene teo eLakhaze ane dharmayuktonI sAthesAthe prAtinA lokone upadeza Apaze. kema ? A lokamAM tathA parAkamAM e sukha meLave teTalA mATe." AthI karIne eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke, azokanA rAjakALanA chavIsamA varSamAM rajukenI pharaja bevaDI hatI. prAMtanA lekenuM aihika tema ja pAralaukika hitasukha

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sadhAya tema karavuM, e temanI mukhya pharaja hatI. A hetu kevI rIte temaNe sAdhavAno hato, enuM digadarzana te "dharmopadezaka azoka" nAmaka prakaraNamAM ApaNe karazuM. rAjyavyavasthAne lagatA kayA prakAranA sudhArAthI rajukoe lekenuM aihika hita sukha sAdhavAnuM hatuM, e ja ahIM te ApaNe joI lezuM. ApaNane kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, nyAyanI tapAsa karavAnI bAbatamAM tema ja yogya pramANamAM daMDa karavAnI bAbatamAM temane sarvopari sattA ApavAmAM AvelI hatI. AthI karIne ahIM be savAla upasthita thAya che. "temane A bAbatamAM sarvopari sattA zA kAraNe ApavAmAM AvelI ?" e pahele savAla che. AnA javAbamAM azoka kahe che ke, nyAya cUkavavAmAM samAnatA sacavAya ane daMDa paNa yogya pramANamAM ane samAnatA sAcavIne karavAmAM Ave, e hetuthI ja teNe temane sarvopari sattA ApI hatI. "ahIM "samAnatA' zabda kayA arthamAM azoke vAparyo haze?" e bIjo savAla che. A savAlano javAba ApavAnuM kAma jarA agharuM thaI paDe tema che. paraMtu ghaNuM karIne teno muddo A kAMIka hovo joIe -nyAya cUkavavAnA kAme mAtra rajajuke ja nImAyA na hatA. nagara-vyAvahArika ane prAdezika paNa nyAyAdhIzanuM kAma karatA hatA. nyAyane lagatuM tema ja itara kAma saMbhALI lenArA traNa amaladAre eka ja prAMtamAM nImAelA hatA tethI karIne, nyAyanI najare tapAsanuM kAmakAja karavAmAM tema ja daMDa karavAmAM samAnatA rahe, e zakya na hatuM. AthI karIne eka ja prAMtanA lokeAnI bAbatamAM paNa nyAyanI samAnatA jALavavAnuM banI zake nahi, e banavAjoga che. A te agya ja gaNAya; ane tethI ja azoke Ano upAya levAnA hetuthI rajajune nyAyakhAtAnI upara sarvopari sattA ApI hatI, ane bAkInA be amaladArone A pharajamAMthI mukta karyA hatA. azeke pitAnA cothA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM yogya ja kahyuM che ke, " kharekhara, "huziyAra

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AyA mArA saMtAnane UcheravA Icche che" (ema pitAnA manathI vicArIne manuSya) pitAnA saMtAnane huMziyAra AyAne saMpIne jevI rIte vizvAsa rAkhe che tevI ja rIte bIka vagara, vizvAsapUrvaka ane gUMcavaNa vinA rajajuke potAnI pharaja bajAvI zake teTalA mATe prAMtanA lokenA hitasukhane mATe meM temane nImyA che." nyAya cUkavavAnI bAbatamAM upale sudhAre azake je varSo dAkhala karyo hato te ja varSe teNe phejadArI kAyadAnI sakhtAI kAMIka ochI karavAno prayatna karyo hato. e ja staMbhalekhamAM (cethA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM) teNe kahyuM che ke, je lekene dehAMtadaMDa thayo hoya te lekene traNa divasanI mahetala ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. teo pite phAMsInA lAkaDe caDhe tenA pahelAM paralokane vicAra karavAnI tema ja paralakane mATe lAyaka banavAnI taka temane maLe : e ja ene mukhya hetu hato. * 1. A kukara vAMcatAM ema jaNAya che ke, nyAyanuM kAma bajAvavAnI bAbatamAM azeke rajajune sarvopari sattA ApI dIdhI hatI, ane vivAda karavAnI paddhati kADhI nAkhI hatI. vaLI, ema paNa jaNAya che ke, azoke potAnA rAjakALanA chavIsamA varSamAM mAtra rajajune ja nyAya cUkavavAnI pharaja seMpI dIdhI tyAre dharmamahAmAtronA hAthe nyAyanI pharI tapAsa karAvavAne lagatI paddhati kADhI nAkhI hovI joIe.

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69 trIjuM prakaraNa, bahupa'thI aroAka. nexen dha pracAra karavA, e azokanA mukhya hetu hatA; ane te hetune sAdhavAne mATe te tanateADa mahenata karatA hatA. - dharma 'nA ullekha vagaranA ke eka athavA khIjI rIte dharmanI sAthe sabaMdha na dharAvatA azekatA eka paNa zilAlekha ke staMbhalekha ke hAlekha bhAgye ja maLI. Avaze. peAtAnA zilAlekhAne ane staMbhalekhA teNe ' dharmalipi' nAma ApeluM che. dharmAM ' ze| artha zeka karatA hatA, enA vicAra AvatA prakaraNamAM ApaNe karazuM. ahIM tA azAkanA peAtAnA dharmanA ane e dhanI sAthenA tenA peAtAnA sAdhanA vicAra ApaNe karazuM. azAka pAte bauddhapathanA anuyAyI hatA, e kahevAnI jarUra tA bhAgye ja rahe che. teNe bauddhapathanA svIkAra karyAM hatA, ema sau auhulekhA jaNAve che. bIjA kAi paNa paMthanA anuyAyI te banyA hAvAnuM kAi paNa sAhityaviSayaka ke dhArmi`ka pustakamAM nAMdhAelu nathI, azAkanAM peAtAnAM zAsane ApaNane zA odha kare che? ApaNe e ja praznaneA javAba ApavA mAgIe chIe. aokanA lekhAnA abhyAsa thavA lAgyA ane tenA mAtra gaNyAgAMThayA lekhe ja jANavAmAM AvyA hatA tyAre zrIyuta eca. eca. vilsana sAhebe evI zaMkA UThAvelI ke, azAka bauddapathI haze kharo ? te ja pramANe zrIyuta eDavarDa caeNAmasa sAheba vaLI ema mAnatA hatA ke, azeka prathama tA jainapathI hatA, paraMtu te pAchaLathI bauddhapathI banyA hatA. 1 paraMtu azAka bauddhapathI hatA ke kema, e bAbatamAM 1. ja. rI. e. se. (navIna AvRtti), pu. 9. pR. 155 ane 187.

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have zaMkA ja UThAvI zakAya tema nathI. vairATane bIje (bhAbAno) zilAlekha A bAbatanI badhI zaMkAne nirmaLa karI nAkhe che. e lekhanI zarUAtanA bhAgamAM azeke "buddha, dharma ane saMdha" ulekhIne temanA pratyenuM pitAnuM sanmAna darzAveluM che. bauddhapaMthanuM e ja trizAbdika sUtra che. azokanA bIjA keTalAka lekho paNa ema sAbIta karI Ape che ke, te bauddhapathI ja hato. vizvAsapAtra na gaNI zakAya tevA pATha mAnI laIne ane binacokkasa artha ghaTAvIne vilsana sAhebe tema ja caeNmasa sAhebe potapotAnA abhiprAya bAMdhyA hatA. Aje to koI paNa vidvAna temanA abhiprAyane mAnya rAkhatA nathI. azeke bauddhapatha kyAre svIkAryo? e ja savAlanI bAbatamAM Aje matabheda hoI zake che. chelle chelle svargastha zrIyuta jaena pheIthaphula phalITa sAhebe A savAlanI carcA karelI che. teo evuM mAnatA hatA ke, azokanA zilAlekhamAM ane staMbhalekhamAM je dharmano ullekha kare che te kAMI bauddhapathIone dharma na hatA, kAraNa ke, e lekhomAM buddhane ullekha thaele ja nathI; ane mAtra eka ja prasaMge saMghano ullekha thaelo che ane te paNa evI rIte ke, bIjA paMthenI harolamAM tene mukI zakAya. phalITa sAheba kahI gayA che ke, azokanA lekhono hetu "bauddhapaMthane ke bIjA koI viziSTa dharmano pracAra karavAno nathI, paNa dharmaparAyaNa rAjAonI pharajane anusarIne potAnA rAjyane dhArmikapaNe ane dayAthI bhogavavAne lagatA azokano potAno daDha nizcaya jAhera karavAnuM che." 1 bIjI rIte kahetAM, azokanA zilAlekhamAM ane staMbhalekhamAM je "paMkazabda vaparAyo che tene phalITa sAhebe rAjAonA sAmAnya "dharma' tarIke mAnya che. " "mAnavadharmazAstra 1, 114 mAM e graMthanA eka viSaya tarIke rAjAone je sAmAnya dharma" jaNavyo che" te ja azokanA "paMka' zabadathI sUcavAya 1. jI re. e.se. (navIna AvRtti), 18, pR. 49-42.

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che, ema teo kahI gayA che. temaNe ema kahyuM che ke, azake pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekathI mAMDIne trIsamA varSe eTale ke, tenA pitAnA staMbhale kotarAyA tenA pachI be varSe -bApaMtha svIkAryo hato. paraMtu azeke potAnA zilAlekhomAM ane staMbhalekhomAM je dharmane ullekha kare che teno amala azeke pite ke tenA amaladAroe karavAno na hato, paNa tenI prajAe karavAnuM hatuM : e vAta phalITa sAheba bhUlI gayA che, e dekhItuM che. ane dharma kAMI "rAjadharma" na kahevAya. rAjAe ane tenA amaladAroe je dharma pALavo joIe te ja "rAjadharma " kahevAya. prajAe pALavAnA dharmane "rAjadharma kahI zakAya nahi. huMbini( rUminITeI)no lekha ApaNane kahI jaNAve che ke, je sthaLe buddha bhagavAnane janma thaelo te sthaLanI mulAkAta azoke pitAnA rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM lIdhelI, ane tyAM teNe pUjAvidhi paNa karelo. AnI uparathI eTaluM te spaSTa thAya che ke, potAnA rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM te azoka bauddhapaMthI hato. ukta lekhanA zabdono spaSTArtha eTalo ja che ke, azoke pote buddha bhagavAnanA janmasthAnanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI, ane tyAM teNe pUjAvidhi paNa karyo hato. phalITa sAhebe to eno e artha karyo che ke, azoke jAte e sthaLane potAnI mulAkAtanuM mAna ApyuM hatuM. paraMtu e artha koI rIte e lekhamAMthI nIkaLato. nathI. vaLI, pitAnA AThamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azeke pote kahyuM che ke, pitAnA rAjakALanA dasamA varSe te pote "saMdhi'nA paMthe nIkaLI paDyo hato. " pi'nA badalAmAM "saMvaSa" zabda vAMcIne keTalAka vidvAne "sarvottama jJAna" e kAMIka teno arya kare che. " je sthaLe buddha bhagavAnane bodha thayo te sthaLa ': evo teno artha zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare kareluM che. e zabdane game te artha levAmAM Ave to paNa, eTaluM te sau koI kabUla kare che ke, bauddhapaMthI sAhityamAM e pAribhASika zabda khAsa vAraMvAra

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7ra jovAmAM Ave che. phalITa sAhebe "saM ' zabda vAMcyuM che te to ayogya ja che, ema zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara kahe che. Ama azokane ukta AThame mukhya zilAlekha evuM sAbIta karI Ape che ke, potAnA rAjakALanA dasamA varSamAM paNa azoka bauddhapaMthI hato. A abhiprAya zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakarane che. enAthI paNa nidAna be varSanA pahelAM azeke bauddhapaMtha vIkAryo hato, ene pUrA paNa maLI Ave che? ema zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara kahe che. judAM judAM cha sthaLethI jenI nakala maLI AvelI che evA pahelA gaNa zilAlekhamAMthI ukta purAvo maLI Ave che. e lekhanI zarUAtanA bhAgamAM azoka kahe che ke, "aDhInA karatAM vadhAre varSa sudhI huM upAsaka hata; paNa meM khUba parAkrama kareluM nahi. eka varasa-kharekhara, eka varasanA karatAM vadhAre varasa-thI huM saMghanI sAthe rahyo chuM ane meM parAkrama kareluM che." Ane artha e thayo ke, ukta zilAlekha kotarAyo tenI pahelAMnAM poNAcAra varSathI te pote paDyo hato. vaLI, ukta lekhamAM dharmajhanunI azokanuM kArya evA zabdothI varNavyuM che ke, tethI karIne ApaNane tene cothe mukhya zilAlekha ekadama yAda AvI jAya che. e banne lekhane jarAka sarakhAvI jotAM ApaNI khAtrI thAya che ke, e bane lekhamAM dharmopadezaka tarIkenAM pitAnAM kAmane ja ullekha azoke karelo che. ane mukhya zilAlekha tenA rAjakALanA bAramA varSamAM ketarAela, eTaluM te ApaNe jANIe chIe. AthI karIne ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke, pitAnA rAjakALanA bAramA varSanA pahelAM Azare poNAcAra varSanA agAu- eTale ke, pitAnA rAjakALanA AThamA varSamAM- azake ThapaMthano svIkAra karyo ho joIe. azokanA jIvananA e kALanA mukhya banAvonI TUMkI neMdha Ama ApI zakAya:- pitAnA rAjakALanA AThamA varSamAM azoka brahmapaMthI banyo. lagabhaga aDhI varSa sudhI te mAtra upAsaka

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73 hatA. tenAmAM ochI ja dhagaza hatI, ane tethI bApacanA pracAranuM gheADuM ja kAma teNe kareluM. tyArapachI eka varSInA karatAM vadhAre varSa sudhI te saMdhanI sAthe rahyo hatA. dharmopadezaka tarIke teNe eTalI badhI pravRtti karI ke, e kALanA aMte- eTale ke, tenA rAjakALanA bAramA varSamAM- te chAtI ThokIne ema kahI zakatA ke, agAu di nahi sadhAelI evI leAkeAnI dharmapragati me sAdhI che." Page #96
ja. je kALe tene teramAM mukhya zilAlekha karAyo te kALane udezIne teNe tema kareluM che. kaliMganI laDAInAM bhayAnaka pariNAmothI te pote gaMbhIra banyo ane pazcAttApa karavA lAgyo tema ja bauddhapaMthana anuyAyI bane, evuM ukta zilAlekhamAM teNe kahyuM nathI; paNa te kALanA pahelAMthI ja te pite bauddhapaMthI hatA tethI karIne kaliMganI laDAInI bAbatamAM tene pitAne zarama lAgatI hatI, ane je kALe ukta zilAlekha kotaravAmAM Avela te kALe tene dharmanI bAbatamAM tIvra IcchA thaI hatI, ema ja te pitAnA ukta zilAlekhamAM spaSTa rIte kahe che. kaliMgadezanI chata ane bauddhapaMthane svIkAra tenA piotAnA rAjakALanA AThamA varSamAM thayAM, e vAta te kharI; paNa azoke bauddhapaMthane svIkAra karyo tenA kAraNa tarIke kaliMgadezanI jItane na gaNAvI zakAya. azoke kaliMganI laDAInA pariNAmamAM ja bauddhapaMthano svIkAra karelo, ema ghaDIbhara ApaNe mAnI laIe te pachI, (teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che tema) kaliMgadeza chatAyo ane azoka pite bauddha thI bane tyArapachI turata ja te tIvratAthI (jhanunathI) dharma pAlana ane dharmopadeza karI rahyo hato. ema paNa ApaNe mAnI levuM paDe. paraMtu azake potAnA pahelA gauNa zilAlekhamAM je kahyuM che tenI sAthe Ane meLa maLato nathI. temAM te pote ja kahe che ke, pahelAM aDhI varSa sudhI te te mAtra upAsaka hato, ane te vakhate te dharmajhanunI na hato. ApaNe joI gayA tema, azoka pite kahe che ke, aDhI varSanA karatAM vadhAre vakhata sudhI te pote mAtra upAsaka hato, ane tyAra pachIthI te saMdhamAM joDAyelA ane tenI sAthe eka varSanA karatAM vadhAre vakhata lagI rahelo. "saMdhamAM joDAyo ane tenI sAthe rahyo ema kahevAmAM azokano zo hetu rahela haze? vidvAnene A kUTaprazna thaI paDe che. senA sAheba evuM mAne che ke, siMhaladIpanA

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5 " mahAvaMza" nAmaka ItihAsa saMgrahamAM kahyuM che tema azoke pite. saMghanI darabArI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI ane tenI vacamAM besIne bauddhapaMthane pitAno svIkAra jAhera karyo hato teno ullekha ukta vAkyamAM azoke kare che. e ja prasaMge pitAnA putrane tathA pitAnI putrIne bauddhapathI banAvIne azake pitAnA kharekhara bauddhapathIpaNAnI sAbItI karI ApI hatI, ema senA sAheba mAne che. paraMtu emano A artha svIkArI zakAtuM nathI; kAraNa ke, karna sAhebe ane khuddAra sAhebe batAvI ApyuM che tema, je . kALanA daramyAnamAM te pote saMghamAM hatA te kALanI sAthe je kALanA daramyAnamAM te pite upAsaka hatuM te kALane te pote sarakhAvato nathI, ane teNe saMdhanI darabArI mulAkAta lIdhelI te vakhate te upAsaka rahyo na hato, evuM "mahAvaMza"mAM koI paNa sthaLe jaNAveluM nathI. 2 AthI karIne karna sAheba ane myuklara sAheba evuM mAne che ke pote saMdhamAM dAkhala thayo ane e rIte sAdhu banyo, evuM kahevAne azakano Azaya he joIe. tenArta sAhebe karelA arthanI sAme ukta be vidvAnoe UThAvele vAMdho sabaLa che kharo; tema chatAM paNa temaNe pite karelA e arthanI sAme paNa vAMdho uThAvI zakAya tema che. azoke pitAnA zilAlekhamAM A zabdo vAparyA che to sAtho (kti athavA upacAse athavA 35te ). " 3patte " zabdane ke tene maLatA arthanA je anya zabdo kausamAM ahIM ApyA che te zabdone artha ( saMghamAM) dAkhala thavuM" ke "joDAvuM' thatuM nathI, paNa (saMdhanI pratye) "prayANa karavuM" athavA (saMdhanI sAthe ) "samAgama karavo 1, i. a, 891, pR. 233-134. 2. karnakRta "mainyuala oNpha iDiyana buddhIjhama" (hiMdI bauddhapaMthane laghugraMtha ), pR. 114 ane TIkA 5 e, I, pu. 3, 5. 141 ane TIkA 5.

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7 thAya che. vaLI, zarUAtanA kALamAM AvazyaktAne laine ke sAmAnya hetunA kAraNe paNa bauddhapaganA dharmAdhyakSa peAtAnA pAMcanA niyameAnI sakhtAine ochI tIvra kare ja nahi tevA vakhate e ne e ja vyakti sAdhu tema ja rAjA banI zake ke kema, e paNa zaMkAspada che. cIna dezanA kAi rAjAe kAika bauddha sAdhunAM kRtyone sAbhauma rAjAnAM nRtyani cAgya gaNelAM tenA dAkhalA smitha sAhebe ApelA che. 1 paraMtu e dAkhalA teA paradezI rAjAne lagatA che, ane vaLI pAchaLanA kALanA che. A muzkelImAMthI eka ja rastA nIkaL zake che. azAka ' mizru ' thayA na hatA, paNa ' mizrutiTM ' thayA hatA : ema ApaNe kahIe te! A muzkelIne nikAla thAya che. vinaya-- pITaka "nA mahAvarga'mAM ' mizruttija' zabda vaparAele che. 2 " bhikSuonI sAthe e ne e ja vihAramAM rahetI vyakti " evA enA artha yuddhadhASe peAtAnA bhASyamAM karelA che. ahIM ' mizrutika 'te ' mizru 'thI . jUdo gaNyA che. azoka bhikSu thayA na hatA, paNa bhikSugatika thayA hatA; ema ApaNe gaNIe tA pachI rAjAnAM ane sAdhunAM kRtyone meLa khesADavAne lagatI muzkelI UbhI thatI ja nathI. vaLI, ene e ja vihAramAM bhikSuenI sAthe ja (bhakSugatikA rahetA tethI temane upAsA na kahI zakAya; kAraNu ke, upAsA tA gRhasthAzramI heAya che, ' sathe harIte 'e vAkaya sUcave che tema, aAAke sadhanA samAgama karyAM hatA, ane te tenI sAthe rahetA hatA. 'bhikSuonI sAthe e ne e ja vihAramAM bhikSugatikA rahetA ' e vAkayanI sAthe uparanA vAkyane meLa barAbara ese che. bauddhapacanA zarUAtanA kALamAM zA hetuthI kAi paNa ,, 1. " aAAka ", pR. 37. 2. 3, 78; se. jI. i., pu. 13, pR. 312, TIkA 1. zrIyuta caraNadAsa caeNTarajIe zrIyuta e. rA. bhAMDArakaranuM dhyAna A ullekhanI tarapha kheMcyu hatu.

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77 vyaktine bhikSugatikanI aMdagI gALavAnI chUTa ApavAmAM AvatI hatI, e barAbara samajAtuM nathI. paraMtu ema jaNAya che ke, je vyakti dharmaparAyaNa hoya ane saMsArasukhathI vimukha hoya te paNa potAnAM khAnagI paraMtu mahattvanAM kAraNone laIne gRhasthAzramane tyAga na karI zake te vyaktine bhikSugatikanuM jIvana barAbara yogya thai paDe che. AvI sthitimAM koI paNa vyakti saMsAratyAga karyA vagara paNa potAnI dharmaparAyaNatAne pivI zake teTalA mATe bhikSugatikanuM jIvana gALavAnI paravAnagI bauddha5the tene ApI hoya, ema lAge che. bhikSuonI sAthe e ne e ja vihAramAM rahetA bhikSugatika bhikSuno veza pahere, e kAMI asvAbhAvika nathI; ane tethI ja IsvI sananA sAtamA saikAmAM cInI musAphara I-siMge bhikSano veza dharavatA azokanI mUrti joI hoya to tethI kAMI navAI pAmavAnI jarUra nathI. . azoke bhikSugatikanA jIvananI zarUAta karI te ja vakhate bIjuM mahattvanuM kAma paNa cAlu karyuM hatuM. azokanA AThamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che ke, "lAMbA kALanA daramyAnamAM rAjAo vihArayAtrA karavA jatA. ahIM zikAra ane evA ja bIjA abhirAma thatA. have dene lADake priyadarzI rAjA potAnA rAjyAbhiSekane dasa varSo vItyAM tyAre saMbaMdhi(bodhivRkSa)nI kane gayo. Ama A dharmayAtrA (sthApita thaI ). " ahIM azoka ema kahe che ke, pitAnA rAjakALanA dasamA. varSa sudhI te pitAnI pahelAMnA rAjAonI mAphaka te pite paNa vihArayAtrAe jate ane zikAra karato tathA AnaMdaitsava Ujavato. paraMtu te varSe teNe vihArayAtrAe nIkaLI paDavAnA rivAjane haMmezane mATe tyAga karyo, ane tenA badalAmAM dharmayAtrAe nIkaLI paDavAnI zarUAta teNe karI. ukta dharmayAtrAonA prasaMge te zuM karato? vaLI, te potAnAmAM tema ja pitAnI prajAmAM kevI rIte dharmane piSI

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78 zakato ? e bAbatane vicAra pAchaLathI ekAda prakaraNamAM ApaNe karavAnA chIe. ahIM te ApaNe eTaluM ja dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, potAnA rAjakALanA dasamA varSamAM teNe bodhivRkSanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI, ane te tenI dharmayAtrAo paikInI pahelI dharmayAtrA hatI. te bhikSugatika banyo te ja kALe teNe pitAnI dharmayAtrAnI zarUAta karI tethI karIne ApaNe e ja nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, bhikSuonA saMdhanI sAthe jaIne bodhivRkSanI mulAkAta laIne teNe bhikSugatika tarIkenA pitAnA jIvananI zarUAta karI; ane tene pitAne tema ja tenI prajAne je aneka AdhyAtmika phAyadA thayA temane laIne teNe pharIpharIne dharmayAtrAe nIkaLI paDavAnuM cAlU rAkhyuM, ane tenA pariNAmamAM te teno haMmezane niyamita kAryakrama thaI paDe. nepALamAMthI azokanA je be staMbhalekho maLI AvelA che temAM tenI pAchaLanI keAI dharmayAtrAnI yAdagIrI noMdhAI rahelI che. te be staMbhalekhe paikInA eka staMbhalekha lubinI(rUgninIde)mAMthI maLI Ave che, ane bIje staMbhalekha tenA vAyavyakhUNe sAteka gAu dUra AvelA niglIvamAMthI maLI Avele che. lubinInA lekhamAM kahyuM che ke, e lekhavALo thAMbhale jyAM Ubhelo che tyAM azoka pitAnA rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM gaelo ane tyAM teNe pUjAvidhi karela tema ja zAkyamuni buddhanuM e janmasthAna hovAthI teNe paththaranI moTI divAla caNAvelI ane pitAnA lekhavALo thAMbhale daTAvela. e lekhamAM ema paNa jaNAveluM che ke, bhagavAna buddha) tyAM janmelA tethI karIne azoke lubinI gAmane badhA dhArmika kara(va4i)mAMthI mukta karyuM hatuM, ane utpannane mAtra ekaaSTamAMza ja mahesula (mAga ) tarIke ApavAnI paravAnagI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. A lekhano artha evo thAya che ke, bauddha sAhityamAM kahyuM che tema je lubinI-udyAnamAM bauddhapaMcanA sthApaka siddhArthakumArane janma thayo hato tenI mulAkAta azake

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pitAnA rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM lIdhI hatI; ane tyAM mAtra pUjAvidhi karIne ja teNe saMtoSa mAnyo nahi, paNa je sthaLe buddha bhagavAnano janma thaele te sthaLanI AsapAsa teNe paththaranI divAla caNAvI lIdhI ane te ja sthaLe thAMbhala paNa Uo karAvyo. paraMtu eTaluM ja basa na hatuM. Aje paNa dvArakAnA jevAM keTalAMka yAtrAdhAmamAM yAtrALuoe dhArmika kara bharavA paDe che. kuMbinI gAmamAM bauhApaMcanA sthApakane janma thaelo tethI te paNa yAtrAnuM dhAma thaI paDeluM haze, ane azokanA samayanA pahelAMnA kALamAM paNa aneka bauddhapaMthI yAtrALuo tenI mulAkAta levA jatA haze. vaLI, tenA upara paNa dhArmika kara nAkhavAmAM Avyo haze, ema lAge che. azoka pote bauha5thI hato tethI, potAnA paMthane sthApaka je sthaLe janmela te ja sthaLe potAnA sahadhamI yAtrALuoe kara bharavo paDe, e vicAra svAbhAvika rIte tene so nahi; ane tethI e kara teNe kADhI nAkhe. paraMtu luMbinI gAmanA para eTalI ja maherabAnI batAvIne te aTaka nahi. ApaNA dezanuM je gAma je rAjAnA rAjyamAM hoya te gAme te rAjAne prAcIna kALamAM potAnA utpannano ekacatuthAza ke ekaSaSAMza mahesula tarIke Apa paDato. lubinI gAma azokanA tAbAmAM hatuM tethI teNe pitAnA utpannano amuka aMsA mahesula tarIke azokane Apavo paDato. azokane luMbinI gAmanA utpannane keTalo bhAga maLato, e ApaNe jANatA nathI; paNa nidAna tene ekachAMza to tene maLato ja haze. paraMtu azake khAsa karIne luMbinI gAmanA utpannane ekaaSTamAMza ja levAnuM TharAvyuM. ane e rIte potAnI maherabAnI tenA upara batAvI. nepALamAM AvI rahelA "niglIva" mukAme azokane bIje thAMbhale jevAmAM Ave che. tenA upara kotaravAmAM AvelA lekhamAM ema kahyuM che ke, potAnA rAjakALanA caudamA varSamAM azoke buddha kenAgamananA (kanakamuninA ?) sUpane bIjI veLAe vadhAryo; ane pitAnA

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80.. rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM teNe jAte ja e sthaLanI mulAkAta lIdhI, ane tyAM teNe pUjAvidhi karyo. AthI karIne eTaluM te spaSTa thAya che ke, azake pitAnA rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM nepALanI dharmayAtrA karelI. ahIM kadAca koI pUchaze ke, azake bauddhapaMtha svIkAryo tyArapachI cheka cha varSe buddha bhagavAnanA janmasthAnanI mulAkAta levAnuM tene kema sUjhayuM haze ? bauddha sAhityamAM kahyuM che tema buddha bhagavAnane janma lubinI gAmamAM ja thayA hatA te pachI azake prathama nepALanA pradezamAM ja javuM joItuM hatuM, ane tyAM je sthaLe potAnA paMthanA sthApakano janma thaelo te sthaLe teNe pUjAvidhi kara joItuM hatuM : ema dareka vAcaka kahI zake. paraMtu ahIM eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, narI AMkhe nahi paNa AtmAnA UMDANamAMthI prakAzanAM darzana je sthaLe siddhArtha kumArane thayAM te ja sthaLa bauddhapathI lokonA manane pavitramAM pavitra che. bauddhapaMthanI pratyenI, upAsaka tarIkenI potAnI bedarakArI azoke cheDI dIdhI ane bhikSagatika tarIkenuM pravRttimaya jIvana teNe svIkAryuM te ja vakhate teNe saMbaMdhinI -je sthaLe bauddhapaMthanA sthApakane prakAzanuM darzana thatAM bodha thayo te sthaLanI-dharmayAtrA karI, evuM ApaNA jovAmAM Ave che tenuM kAraNa A ja che. A badhuM jotAM ApaNane ema jaNAya che ke, pitAnA * rAjakALanA AThamA varSamAM azeke baupaMtha svIkAryo hato. aDhI varSanA karatAM vadhAre vakhata sudhI te mAtra upAsaka ja rahyo hato, ane pitAnA paMthanI bAbatamAM teNe koI paNa pravRtti karelI nahi. pitAnA rAjakALanA dasamA varSamAM te bhikSugatika banyo hata; paNa rAjA tarIkenA tenA pitAnA kAryane bhikSugatika tarIkenA tenA potAnA jIvanathI kAMI bAdha Avato na hato. bhikSugatika tarIkenA jIvananI zarUAta karatAnI sAthe ja teNe bodhivRkSanI dharmayAtrA karI hatI. dharmapracAra karavAnI bAbatamAM tene eTalI badhI ciMtA rahetI

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hatI tathA eTalo badhe utsAha raheto hato ke, tyAra pachIthI pUruM eka varSa paNa vItyuM nahi tyAM to pote sAdhelA kAmanI bAbatamAM tene pitAne ja navAI lAgavA mAMDI hatI. dharmane pracAra karavo, e ja tenuM kAma hatuM. tene dharma kevA prakArane hato ? ene vicAra te AvatA prakaraNamAM ApaNe karavAnA chIe. vaLI, (keTalAka vidvAno mAne che tema) azokano dharma badhA dharmonI bAbatamAM sarvasAmAnya gaNI zakAya tevA nItiniyamono saMgraha na hatuM, paNa (bauddhapathI tarIke azoke pote je dharmopadeza karela tenA AdhAre ApaNe kahI zakIe chIe tema) sAmAnya prajAne bauddha paMthe badhelA nItiniyamone saMgraha hatoH ema paNa AvatA prakaraNamAM ApaNe jevAnA chIe. A prakaraNamAM to ApaNe bauddhapathI azokane vicAra karIe chIe tethI je lekhomAM azoka pitAnA bauddhapathIpaNAnuM darzana ApaNane karAve che te lekhone ja vicAra ApaNe karavAno che. AnA saMbaMdhamAM azokane vairATane bIje (bhAbrAne ) zilAlekha" ApaNuM dhyAna prathama kheMce che. rAjapUtAnAmAMnA jayapura rAjyanI uttaradizAe "vairATa' nAmanuM gAma che tenI pAse TekarI che tenA upara jUnA kALanA bauddhavihAranAM khaMDere che temAMthI azekano ukta lekha maLI Avela che. bauddhasaMghane uddezIne potAno ukta lekha azoke kotarAvelo che. te kALamAM mahattvanA manAtA dareka bauddhavihAramAM pitAne e lekha azake ke tarAvyo haze, ema mAnI zakAya che; paraMtu atyAre te mAtra bhAvyAnA vihAramAM ja lekha jaDI Avela che. bauddhapaMthanuM suprasiddha trizAbdika sUtra "buddha dharma ane saMgha" che. e ja anukrama jALavIne azoka potAnA ukta lekhanI zarUAtanA bhAgamAM kahe che ke, "buddhane mATe tathA dharmane mATe ane saMdhane mATe mane keTaluM badhuM mAna ane (keTalo badho AnaMda che. e tame jANe che." vaLI, "bhagavAna

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buddha je kAMI bhAkhyuM che te saghaLuM sAruM ja bhAkheluM che," ema paNa te emAM kahI jaNAve che. azekano ukta zilAlekha tenA bauddhapathIpaNAne uddezIne lakhAele che, emAM te kAMI ja zaka nathI. amuka dharmaparyAyo (dhArmika sUkto) gaNAvavAnA hetuthI azeke pitAne ukta lekha kotarAve che. saharma cirasthAyI thAya teTalA mATe aneka zikSaka ane bhikSukIo tema ja upAsako ane upAsikAo e dharmaparyAye sAMbhaLe ane yAda rAkhe, ema te Icchato hate. azeke je dharmaparyAno ullekha karela che te nIce ApyAM che - (1) vinaya- (2) atriya-vani = ciMtA (aMguttaranikAya, 2, ra7); (3) sanAta-maNi (aMguttaranikAya, 3, 103); . (4) muni-gAthA=muni-putta (suttanipAta, pR. 36 ); (5) -= nAsTa-sura (suttanipAta, pR.131-134; (6) pati-patinA = ravinIta-sura (maminikAya, 1, 146-151) (7) purovA= rAvA -jura (majumanikAya, pR. 414). * upara gaNavelAM sAta sUkto paikInA pahelA sUktane kAMI patta hajI sudhI lAgyo nathI; paNa bAkInAM cha sUktono patto te lAgelI che. buddhaSe pitAnA "vikurimA"mAM evI matalabanI kathA ApI che ke, koI eka bhikSu pitAnI mAtAnA gharamAM traNa mahinA sudhI jame. tema chatAM paNa huM tAre putra chuM ane tuM mArI mAtA che evuM kadi paNa teNe kaheluM nahi. AthI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, sAcA dilanA bhikSune mAtApitA aMtarAyarUpa nIvaDatAM nathI. 1 1. vAranA "buddhIjhama ina TrAnsalezansa (bauddhapathanAM bhASAMtara 5. 434-36.

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e yuvAna bhikSue Adarza jIvana gALyuM; kAraNa ke, buddha bhagavAne ravinItasuttamAM tathA nAlasuttamAM tema ja tuvakamAM ane mahA ariyavaMsamAM je AcArazreNIne baMdha kare tene anusarIne teNe pitAnuM jIvana gALyuM hatuM. je sUtromAM buddha bhagavAne bhikSuone baMdha karela che te sUtronI saMkhyA te meTI che; paNa upara kahelI vArtAmAM mAtra cAra sUtronI bAbatamAM bhAra daIne kahevAmAM AveluM che tethI karIne ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe ke, buddhiSanA samaya sudhI to e cAra sUtre ja bauddhabhikSune mATe mahattvanAM manAtAM hatAM. azeke ulekhela "sari-vAni tathA "onera-sunta' ane "pati-patina' buddhaSe ukta vArtAmAM ullekhela (anukrame) "mahAsarvisa' tathA raDhiyA-dutta' ane ravinatatkRta ja che, ema have sau vidvAne kabUla kare che. buddhaSe gaNavelAM cAra sUtro paikInAM traNa sUtrono meLa azake ullekhelAM dharmaparyAya paikInAM traNa dharmaparyAyanI sAthe barAbara maLe che. tema chatAM paNa buddhaSe jaNAveluM "tuvakasutta azake gaNavelAM sUtromAM koI sthaLe dekhAtuM nathI, e jarA navAIbhareluM che. e sUtrane sAtamo leka vAMcatAM ema samajAya che ke, temAM buddhadeva pila' (dhArmika kriyAo) tathA tivArI (upadeza) ane "samApi' (dhyAna) upadeze che. ahIM "paripa' ane "tika' zabda vaparAelA che tethI karIne evuM anumAna thaI zake che ke, buddhaghoSe bhAkheluM "tuvaka-sutta ja azoke gaNaveluM vinaya-samudA" (samutkRSTa vinaya) haze. azake gaNavelAM dharmaparyAne je khulAsA upara ApaNe ApI gayA te jotAM ema jaNAya che ke, keIka prasaMge eka ja sUtra aneka 1. I. e. 1912, pR. 37 ane AgaLa; yunakRta "buddhisTa reDana, pu. 1, pR. 15ra. 2. suttanipAta", 5. 171, se. 6. I.pu 10, bhAga 1 168

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nAme oLakhAtuM hatuM. dAkhalA tarIke, moja-surenuM bIjuM nAma nA -sura' paNa che. paraMtu azake gaNAvelA dharmaparyAnuM ja A khAsa lakSaNa nathI. bIjA aneka dAkhalAo mojuda che, ane te anyatra batAvavAmAM AvelA che. vaLI, azeke ATalAM sUtro gaNAvyAM che tethI tenA kALamAM AkhuM "tipiTaka" hayAtImAM na hatuM ke teno koI bhAga paNa astitvamAM na hatA, ema kAMI sAbIta thatuM nathI; kAraNa ke, pitAnA zilAlekhamAM te gaNyAgAMThayAM sUtro ja azoke gaNAvelAM che; ane teNe je kahyuM nathI te tene kALamAM hayAta ja na hatuM, ema kAMI kahI zakAya nahi. azoka kevA prakArano bauddhapathI hatA? ene uttara to teNe pasaMda karelAM sUtro joIne ApI zakAya che. bauddhapaMthanA karmakAMDathI ke AdhyAtmika bhAgathI tenuM mana AkarSAyuM na hatuM, paNa tenA sarvasAmAnya siddhAMtothI ja tenuM mana tenI tarapha AkarSAyuM hatuM. mAtra bahArano dekhAva karavAnA hetuthI yaMtravata pALavAnA niyamo vagerethI te meha pAmyo na hato, paNa kharekhara AMtarika vikAsa sAdhe tevAM tattvothI ja tene bauddhapathane meha thayo hato. azake ullekhelA ri-vaMzano ja dAkhalo ApaNe lezuM. temAM bhikSanA cAra AcAradharma gaNavelA che -(1) teNe sAdAM kapaDAMthI saMtoSa mAnavo joIe; (2) yogya rIte meLavelA sAdA khorAkathI teNe saMtoSa mAnavo joIe; (3) nAnAmAM nAnA jhUMpaDAthI paNa teNe saMtoSa mAnavo joIe, ane (4) dhyAnamAM teNe AnaMda mAnavo joIe. bhikSu kevo hovo joIe ? teNe kevuM jIvana gALavuM joIe ? e bAbatano khyAla TUMkANamAM ahIM ApavAmAM AveluM che. dunigAthar'mAM tathA "necara'mAM ane evAM bIjA traNeka sUtromAM paNa 1. I. sa. 1912, 5. 40

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AvuM ja kahevuM che. dharmanI je bAhya kriyAonuM eTale ke, dharmanA je AcAraniyamonuM pAlana karI kaI bhikSu mAtra bahArathI zuddha sAdhu jaNAtA hAya paNa aMdarakhAnethI sAdhu na paNa nIvaDyA hoya te kriyAonI (AcAraniyamanI) sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA koI paNa sUtrano ullekha azake karelo nathI. azake gaNavelAM badhAM sUtra AtmAnA utkarSane uddeza che, ane bhikSuone tema ja upAsakAne ekasarakhA pramANamAM te lAgU paDI zake che. A ja kAraNathI te AgrahapUrvaka kahe che ke, bhikSuoe ane bhikSuNIoe tema ja upAsakee ane upAsikAoe teNe pote gaNAvelAM sUtronuM zravaNa ane manana karavuM joIe. vaLI ucca prakAranA jIvananuM bhAna karAvatAM athavA to ucca ane zuddha zIla varNavatAM sUtrone samAveza azake pote pasaMda karelAM sutromAM karela. che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa AtmAnA vikAsanA mArgamAM madadarUpa ane mArgadarzaka thaI paDe tevAM sUtro paNa teNe kALajIpUrvaka gaNavelAM che. manAta-bhayAna' nAmaka sUtra AvA prakAranuM che. bhaviSyamAM game te ghaDIe upasthita thaIne je bhaya manuSyanA dhArmika jIvananA AdarzanI siddhinAM phanAMphAtiyAM karI muke te "bhAvi bhaya nuM varNana ukta sUtramAM kareluM che. ghaDapaNa athavA roga ke dukALa athavA laDAI ke dharmavaMsa athavA evAM bIjA vidhI tatte bhaviSyamAM upasthita thAya temane dhyAnamAM rAkhIne pitAnI sarva zaktione upayoga karIne manuSya dhyAnamaya ane pravRttimaya jIvana gALavuM joIe, evo upadeza ukta sUtramAM Apela che. A rIte jotAM ucca prakAranuM jIvana varNavatA sUtrane TAMkIne ja azake saMtoSa mAnyo nathI; paNa manuSya haMmezAM cetatA na rahe to tenA pitAnA AdarzanI siddhimAM je aneka bhaya aMtarAyarUpa nIvaDe che te bhayanI bAbatamAM tene pitAne cetavaNI ApatA sUtranA upara paNa khAsa bhAra mukIne te kahe che. paraMtu Akhare to A badhA bhaya mAtra bAhya che. haMmezAM cetatA rahIne ApaNe e bhayane dUra rAkhavAnI bAbatamAM tanatoDa

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deve vadi dareka kArya thatuM u khAsa jarUra ? mahenata karavI joIe, e vAta kharI; paraMtu je bAhya paristhitinA upara ApaNe kAbU rahI zakato nathI te bAhya paristhitinA upara ja te bhayano AdhAra rahelo hoya che. paraMtu bIjA keTalAka AtaMrika bhaya paNa astitva dharAvatA hoya che, ane teo Amika vikAsanI siddhinA mArgamAM lagabhaga teTalA ja aMtarAyarUpa nIvaDe che. AthI karIne "EovA-sura nAmaka dharmasUtranI tarapha ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcIne azoke DahApaNa vAparyuM che. e sUtramAM buddhadeve vadi 8 nAmaka vyaktine upadeza karelo che. kAyAnuM tathA vAcAnuM ane mananuM dareka kArya thatuM hoya tyAre ane thaI rahyuM hoya tyAre atizaya jhINavaTathI tene tapAsavAnI khAsa jarUra rahe * che, evo upadeza e sUtramAM buddha bhagavAne karela che. game te dharma ke paMtha pALatA AkAMkSI AbhA vadhAre ucca ane sAdhu jIvana gALavAne mathane hoya te azoke gaNAvelAM dharmaparyAnuM vAcana ane manana tene kharekhara zraddhAjanaka thaI paDe tema che. sAranAthamAMthI tathA sAMcImAMthI ane allAhAbAdamAMthI azokanA je gauNa staMbhalekhanI nakala maLI AvelI che te paNa azokanA bauddhapaMthIpaNAnuM darzana ApaNane karAve che, ane tethI ahIM ApaNe temane vicAra karazuM. sAranAthamAne tathA sAMcImAMne thAMbhale te mULathI ja tyAM haze, ema manAya che; paNa. allAhAbAdamIne thAMbhale mULe kauzAMbImAM haze, ema khAtrIpUrvaka lAge che. dharmamAM taDa pADavAne lagatA badhA prayatnane dAbI daine bauddhapathanI ekatA sAcavavAnA hetuthI azeke pitAnuM ukta zAsana chetarAveluM hatuM. te kahe che ke, " je kaI saMdhane bhagna karaze te bhikSu hoya ke bhikSuNI hoya te paNa tene dhoLAM kapaDAM paherAvavAmAM Avaze ane je (bhikSuono) AvAsa na hoya temAM tene rAkhavAmAM Avaze. Ama bhikSusaMghane ane bhikSukIsaMghane A. hukama jaNavA joIe." ukta traNa staMbhalekhe paikInA be staMbhalekho jotA ema jaNAya che ke, potAnA mahAmAtrAne uddezIne

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azeke pitAnuM A zAsana jAhera karyuM hatuM. vaLI, e traNa staMbhalekho paikInA eka staMbhalekhamAM (allAhAbAdavALA staMbhalekhamAM) kauzAMbInA mahAmAtrone ullekha karela che ane tethI ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe ke, Aje sAranAthanAM ane sAMcInAM khaMDerethI sucavAtAM, te kALanA bauddha dharmaguruonAM sthAnake mULe je mahAlamAM AvI rahelAM haze te mahAlanA mahAmAtrone uddezIne azoke pitAne ukta staMbhalekha kotarAvela haze. bauddhapaMthamAM taDa paDe, ema thatuM aTakAvavAnI khAsa . jarUra hatI. tethI karIne enA saMbaMdhamAM mahAlanA mahAmAtrone ja hukamo karIne azoka besI rahevAnuM na hatuM. tethI ja potAnA ukta staMbhalekhamAM vadhArAmAM azoka kahe che ke, "AvI eka lipi tamArA pADesamAM rahe teTalA mATe kacerImAM beThavAvI che. vaLI, bIjI eka lipi upAsakenA pADosamAM goThavAvI che. upAsakee dareka upavAsanA divase AvIne evA e hukamanI khAtrI karI levI joIe. vaLI, kharekhara upavAsanA divase dareka mahAmAtra pitAnA vArAe (sadara sthaLamAM) Ave tyAre teNe evA e hukamanI khAtrI karI levI joIe ane tene samajAve joIe. vaLI, jyAM sudhI tamAre prAMta pahecatA hoya tyAM sudhI tamAre (hukamanA) A zabdathI pheraNIe nIkaLavuM joIe. te ja pramANe badhAM killebaMdIvALAM zaheromAM ane mahAlanA upavibhAgomAM tamAre bIjAone (hukamanA) A zabdathI pheraNIe mokalavA joIe." A staMbhalekhanA game te vAcakanI eTalI te khAtrI thaze ke, bauddhapathane tyAga karavAmAM Ave ke temAM taDa paDe, e sthitine dUra karavAno nizcaya azake karyo hato. pitAnA hetune bara lAvavAne mATe teNe traNa prakAranA upAyo lIdhA hatA. teNe evo hukama karyo hato ke, je kaI saMdhane toDavAno prayatna karaze tene dhaLAM kapaDAM paherAvavAmAM Avaze (eTale ke, bhikSuno bho paheraveza tenI pAsethI laI levAmAM Avaze) ane je jagyAe bhikSuo nahi

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rahetA hoya jagyAe rahevAne tene mokalI ApavAmAM Avaze. TUMkAmAM kahetAM, pitAnA sahadhamI lekonI sAtheno tevA mANasane badhA vyavahAra baMdha karI devAnuM azake TharAvyuM hatuM. azokane hukama dareka bauddhasaMdhane pahoMcADavAno hato. te evA hetuthI ke, koI paNa virodhI bhikSu pitAnA sahadhamI lekanA magajamAM pitAnA svadharmavirodhI vicAre ThasAvato aTake. saMdhamAM taDa paDavAne lagato piNAbhAgane bhaya to AthI karIne dUra thatA. paNa dharmabahAra (samAjabihAra) mukAe e dharmavirodhI bhikSu upAsakonA kAna bhaMbherIne temane pitAnA anuyAyI banAve, ane pitAnA e anuyAyIonI madadathI te samAjamAM taDa pADavAno prayatna kare: e banavAyogya hatuM. A bhaya azokanA dhyAnamAM hato ja; ane tethI A viSayanA A hukamanI nakala upAsakonA pADosamAM paNa rakhAvavAne hukama pitAnA mahAmAtrone teNe karyo hato. temanI jANane mATe kayI jagyAe e hukama goThavAyo hato, e ApaNane kahevAmAM AvyuM nathI. paraMtu zilAlekhomAM tema ja sAhityamAM je "nigama-sabhA (jAhera sabhAmaMDapane ullekha thaele ghaNuMkharuM jovAmAM Ave che te nigama-sabhAmAM pitAnA hukamanI nakala goThavavAne hukama azake karyo heya, ema mAnI zakAya che. sAranAthanA ane kauzAMbInA tema ja sAMcInA staMbhalekhathI eTalI te khAtrI thAya che ke, boddhapaMthamAM taDa pADavAne lagatA badhA prayatnone dAbI devAno dRDha nizcaya azoke karela hatA. e staMbhalekhamAM je aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka sakhta bhASA vaparAelI che te jotAM tema ja mahattvanA badhA baddha saMdhArAmAmAMthI tenI nakale maLI AvelI che te jotAM ApaNe evuM anumAna khuzIthI karI zakIe ke, azokanA vakhatamAM bAhapaMthamAM taDa paDavAne lagatA bhaya Ubho thayA hatA, ane tema thatuM aTakAvavAne te tanatoDa mahenata karI rahyo 1. i. aM; 119, pR. 82.

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' hatuM. paraMtu azokanA samayamAM zraddhapaMthanAM taDa paDyAM hatAM kharAM? taDa paDatAM aTakAvavAM, e azokanA ukta lekhane hetu hate khare; paNa saMghamAM aneka taDa paDI gayAM hatAM, ane vadhAre taDa paDatAM aTakAvavAne azoka mathI rahyo hato. evuM anumAna ApaNe karIe te kAMI harakata nathI. siMhaladvIpanA ItihAsasaMgrahamAM je paraMparAgata auddhasAhitya sacavAI raheluM che temAM ema kahyuM che ke, azokano rAjyAbhiSeka thayo tyArapachI aDhAra varSe pATaliputramAM baiddhapariSada bharAI hatI. vaLI, temAM ema paNa kahyuM che ke, e zALa saMdhanA be mukhya vibhAga paDI gayA hatA-(1) theravAda ane (2) mahAsaMdhikA theravAdanI be zAkhAo thaI gaI hatI, ane mahAsaMdhikanI cAra zAkhAo banI gaI hatI : ema paNa emAM kahyuM che. uparyukta paraMparAgata lekakathAne ApaNe mAnya rAkhIe te ApaNe eTaluM anumAna te karI zakIe ke, azokanA kALamAM baddhapathamAM taDa tema ja paTAtaDa paDI gayAM hovAM joIe. Ama hoya te pachI taDa paDatAM aTakAvavAne kAtarAelA azokanA ukta lekhane zo artha thaI zake? ekaMdare zrAddhapaMthamAM paDatAM taDane aTakAvavAne azokane hetu nahi hoya, paNa tenA je taDamAM ke peTAtaDamAM te pote haze te taDamAM ke peTAtAmAM vadhArAnAM taDa paDatAM aTakAvavAne azakane hetu haze ema ApaNe mAnavuM kharuM ? azoka pite brahmapaMthanA je taDane haze tene pitAnA lekhamAM saMdha" nAma teNe ApyuM heya, e banavAjoga che. A abhiprAyane ApaNe mAnya rAkhIe te pachI, azoke jyAM jyAM saMdha' zabda vAparyo che tyAM tyAM te pite bauddhapaMthanA je taDane sabhya hatA te taDane udezIne vAparyo che, ema ApaNe mAnya rAkhavuM joIe. paNa A vAta ApaNuM gaLe UtarI zakatI nathI, kAraNa ke, dharmamahAmAnA ullekhavALA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM azake AjIvanI 1. knakRta "mainyuala opha InDiyana buddhIjhama "(hiMdI bAddhapaMthane laghugraMtha), 5. 110-111

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ane nigraMthonI sAthe sAthe ja saMghanI gaNanA karelI che. AthI karIne ApaNe zuM samajavuM ? Achavake ane nigraMtha kayI jAtanA ke kayA taDanA che, ene vicAra karyA vagara ja temanA hitasukhanI saMbhALa dharmamahAmAtrae rAkhavI; paNa bauddhalekenI bAbatamAM te ekaMdara bauddhapaMthanA saMbaMdhamAM pitAnI pravRtti na rAkhatAM azoka tenA je taDane anuyAyI hati te ja taDanA saMbaMdhamAM pitAnI pravRtti jArI rAkhavI : e Azaya azake rAkhyA haze ? . saMghanAM * bIjAM taDanI ane peTAtAnI bAbatamAM azake bedarakArI rAkhI haze? vaLI, ApaNe agAu vAMcI gayA tema bhAbAnA lekhamAM teNe keTalAMka dharma sUtro gaNavyAM che, ane saMghane te pharIpharIne saMbhaLAvavAnI bhalAmaNa teNe karelI che. e sUtromAM bauddhatava eTaluM badhuM ochuM che ke, bauddhapaMthI na hoya tevA bhikSuone paNa te saMbhaLAvI zakAya. Ama che te pachI, ApaNe mAtra baudalokene vicAra karIe to sAmAnyataH sarva bauddha bhikSuone ane bhikSukIone e dharmasUtra na saMbhaLAvavAM, paNa azoka pote je taDano anuyAyI hatA te taDanA bhikSuone ane te taDanI bhikSukIone ja e dharmasUtra saMbhaLAvavAM ema kahevAne azokane Azaya haze? AvAM azakaya anumAne na svIkAravAM hoya to ApaNe ema ja mAnavuM joIe ke, azakanA vakhatamAM bauddhapaMthanAM taDa paDI gayAM na hatAM. vaLI, azake jyAM jyAM saMgha" zabda vAparyo che tyAM tyAM avibhakta samasta bauddhapaMthane uddezIne ja vAparyo che, ema paNa ApaNe mAnavuM joIe. Ama heAya te pachI pelA paraMparAgata bauddhakasAhityanuM zuM? bauddhapariSadano ullekha karatA e paraMparAgata bauddha sAhityane je vidvAnoe chaNI nAkhyuM che te vidvAnoe evI azakya ane meLavagaranI vAta tema ja manamAnI ane ekataraphI hakIkato temAM joI che ke, e sAhityamAM je kAMI kahyuM che temAMnuM thoDuM ja

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aitihAsika satya tarIke svIkArI zakAya tema che.1 pATaliputranI pariSadane sarvasAmAnya pariSada tarIke gaNavAmAM AvatI nathI, paNa amuka pakSanI sabhA tarIke tene gaNavAmAM Ave che. vaizAlImAM bharAelI bIjI sAmAnya pariSada buddhanA mRtyunI pachI so varSe bhirAelI nahi, paNa ghaNuM karIne azokanA ja vakhatamAM je azoka bauddhapathI thatA pahelAM ukta paraMparAgata lokasAhityamAM "kAlAzoka tarIke oLakhAya che te azokanA vakhatamAM bharAelI hatI. azokanA pitAnA lekhonI sAthe paNa A anumAnano meLa bese che. ziSTinA saMbaMdhamAM vRjana bhikSuoe je "dasa prazna upasthita karelA hatA temane laIne bauddha paMthamAM taDa paDavAne lagato bhaya Ubho thaye hato te paNa, bIjI bauddhapariSada bharAI te vakhate te bauddhapaMtha avibhakta ja rahyo hato. vRjana bhikSuone parAjaya thayo hato, ane saMdhamAM taDa paDatAM aTakyAM hatAM. azokanA lekhanA AdhAre hamaNuM ja ApaNe evuM anumAna karI gayA chIe ke, saMghanA koI taDane uddezIne azake "saMdha' zabda vAparyo nathI, paNa samasta. avibhakta bauddhasaMdhane uddezIne teNe e zabda vAparyo che. vaLI, tenA vakhatamAM saMghamAM taDa pADavAno kaMIka prayatna thayA hovA joIe, evuM anumAna paNa ApaNe karyuM che, kAraNa ke, tema na hoya te 1. kanakRta bha menyuala epha iDiyana buddhIjhama " ( hiMdI bauddhapaMthane laghugraMtha), pR. 110; emAM sva. kana sAhebane A viSayane lagatA abhiprAya darzAvela che. 2. karnakRta "mainyuala epha iDiyana buddhIjhama " (hiMdI bauddhapaMthane laghugraMtha), 5, 109; ja. ra. e. se, 1901, pR. 855858. 3. karnakRta " menyuala opha InDiyana buddhIjhama" (hiMdI bauddhapaMthane laghugraMtha ), pR. 103.

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dharmavidhI lekanI pravRttione dAbI devAnI bAbatamAM azoka je sakhta pagalAM bharato hato temane kAMi artha ja raheto nathI. keTalAka leke e savAla pUche che ke, bauddhapaMthanI bAbatamAM azekanuM valaNa kevA prakAranuM hatuM ? bauddhapaMthanI sAthenA pitAnA vyavahAramAM te pitAnuM dhAryuM karato hato ke tene vaza vartI raheto hato ? mAtra sAranAthano lekha ane bhASAne lekha A savAlane phaDa ANavAnI bAbatamAM ApaNane madadarUpa thaI paDe che. ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe tema, bauddhapaMthamAM taDa paDavAne lagato je bhaya Ubho thayo hato tene zarUAtathI ja dAbI devAnA hetuthI azoke pitAne sAranAthane lekha kotarAvyo hate. kamanasIbe e lekhane zarUAtano bhoga cheka ja ghasAI gayo che ane tethI, amuka bhikSu ke bhikSaNa dharmabhraSTa che ke nahi, ene nirNaya mahAmAtroe kevI rIte karoH e ApaNe e lekhamAMthI jANI zakatA nathI. A bAbatano nirNaya bahumatithI saMdha pite karate haze ? saMdhanA niyamane ja mAnya rAkhIne mahAmAtro pitAnuM vartana rAkhatA haze ? sAranAthanA lekhamAM je bhAga ghasAI gayo che te jaLavAI rahyo hato te A bAbatane khulAso temAMthI ApaNane kadAca maLata. paraMtu eTaluM yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke, azoke potAnA ukta lekhane zAsana tarIke gaNe che, ane pitAnA sAmrAjyamAM vasanAra bhikSuonA ane bhikSuNIonA dareka saMdhane potAnuM ukta zAsana pahecADavAne lagato hukama potAnA mahAmAtrone teNe karela che. AkhA bauddhasaMghe pUrNa vicAra karIne karelA TharAvane amala ja A rIte azaka karato hoya te to tenI nAnInAnI saMsthAone ukta zAsana pahoMcADavAnuM kAma taddana nirarthaka thaI paDe. AthI karIne bauddhasaMdhane pUchyA vagara -tenI jANanI bahAra-ja azeke pitAnuM ukta zAsana prasiddha karyuM haze, ema lAge che. amuka prasaMge kevA prakAranI dharmabhraSTatA thavA pAmI che, e bAbatanI salAha ApanArA keTalAka there

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Taka (uttamottama bhikSuo) tenA pATanagaramAM vasatA hoya, e banavAjoga che; paraMtu azoka pite ja potAnI rAjasattAne ane pitAnA rAjabaLano upayoga karIne evI dharmabhraSTatAne nAbUda kasvAnI IcchA dharAvatA hatA. tene bhASyAne lekha bArIkAIthI vAMcatAM paNa evuM ja anumAna thaI zake che. temAM teNe upAsakene tema ja mukhyata: bhikSuone amuka dharmaparyAnI bhalAmaNa karelI che. azeka pote upAsaka hato te paNa e dharmaparyAnuM mAtra zravaNa karavAnuM ja bhikSuone teNe kahyuM nathI, paNa temanuM manana karavAnuM paNa teNe temane temAM kahyuM che. azoka A badhuM zA hetuthI karate ? saddharma cirasthAyI thAya teTalA mATe te ema karato hato. teNe je dharmasUtro pasaMda karelAM che teomAM karmakAMDanuM ke AdhyAtmika tanuM kAMI paNa bhAraNa nathI, ane Atmika vikAsane piSe evA ja prakAranAM te dharmasutro che e bAbatamAM alabatta kAMI savAla raheto nathI. paraMtu eTaluM to kahevuM joIe ke, teNe pote kADhelI paddhatithI te e rIte svArthane ja AgaLa dhapAvatA hatA; ane upAsakoe tema ja bhikSuoe e paddhatine barAbara anusarIne ja vartavuM paDatuM hatuM. A badhAne vicAra karatAM ApaNe e nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, azoka pitAnA sAmrAjyano sarvopari sattAdhIza hatA eTaluM ja nahi, paNa je paMthano te pite anuyAyI hatA te paMthane paNa te sarvopari sattAdhIza hate. TUMkamAM kahetAM, te jeTalA aMze dharmarAja hato teTalA ja aMze samrATuM paNa hato. je dharmasattA kharI rIte saMghane maLavI joItI hatI te dharmasattAne azake pacAvI pADI hatI ? evo Aropa azokanA upara mukavo, e yogya nathI; kAraNuM ke, rAjAnI maraMjIne adhIna thaIne khuda buddha bhagavAne ja potAnAM sUtrone avagaNavA dIdhelAM che ane rAjAone hukama mAnavAnI AjJA bhikSuone karelI che. potAnA paMthane kharA aMta:karaNathI 1. " mahAvagna", 3, 4.

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mAnanAra ane jagaddharma tarIkenuM UMcuM sthAna tene ApavAne mathanAra azokanA jevo rAjA maLe eTale pachI saMdha kudaratI rIte ane khuzIthI tenuM sarvoparipaNuM kabUla rAkhe ja. cothuM prakaraNa : azakane dharma pitAnI prajAnuM ahika hitasukha sAdhavAnA hetuthI azake je kAMI karyuM hatuM te bIjA prakaraNamAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe; ane tethI karIne, rAjA tarIke azoka kevA prakArane hato, ene khyAla ApaNe bAMdhI zakIe chIe. teNe pitAnI prajAnuM ahika hitasukha sAdhavAne tanatoDa mahenata karI hatI, emAM to kAMI ja zaka nathI. paraMtu te jagaprasiddha thaI zake tenuM kAraNa e ke, manuSyanuM Atmika sukha sAdhavAne tema ja pitAnA pradezamAM tathA dUradUranA pitAnA svataMtra pAsIonA pradezamAM paNa pitAnA dharmano pracAra karavAno stutya prayatna teNe karyo hato. e kAma tenI pitAnI samakSa satata rahetuM hatuM, ane tene saphaLa karavAmAM te pote magarUbI mAnato hato. AthI karIne prathama te, azoka pite "dharmane artha kevA prakArane karato hato, e ApaNe nakkI karavAnuM rahe che. e bAbatamAM teNe bahu spaSTatAthI pitAnA vicAra darzAvelA che. dharmamAM kayA kayA guNone samAveza thAya che, e bAbatamAM teNe kaheluM che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa temane kevI rIte amalamAM mukavA, e paNa teNe jaNAveluM che, ane te sauno amala

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karavAnI bAbatamAM pitAnI prajAne uparAchAparI Agraha karatAM paNa te kadi thAka ke kaMTALyo nathI. kayA saddaguNene te pote dharma mAnato, e potAnA bIjA ane sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM teNe jaNAveluM che. (1) "a " athavA "du-lane (puSkaLa hita); (2) "mav- ra' (ochuM zauca); (3) " '; (4) " ; (5) "a" (satya); (6) "ra" (zuddhi); ane (7) "mA (namratA)H e sarva saddaguNane te "dharma" tarIke gaNAve che. paraMtu e dharmano amala kevI rIte karavo? AnA saMbaMdhamAM potAnI ghaNIkharI dharmalipiomAM ekasarakhI ja pharaje azake gaNavelI che. e pharaje A rahI H-(1) sanA khAna (prANane vadhu ne karavo te); (2) vidizA tAja (jIvanI hiMsA na karavI te); (3) mAri vitari sutrA (mAbApanI sevA; (4) aisunA (moTerAnI sevA); (5) guNane mati (gurune mAna (8) mita-saMstuta-nAtikAna bahmaNasamaNAnaM dAnaM saMpaTipati (mitronI ane saMbaMdhIonI tathA sagAMnI pratye tema ja brAhmaNanI ane zramaNanI pratye dAna tathA yogya vartaNuka); (7) hAra-maraji rAkhyAtipati (dAsanI ane nekaranI sAthe yogya vartaNUka); ane (mAtra trIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyuM che tema) (8) ApazcAtA (thaDa kharca) ane mahetA (thaDe saMcaya). sarva hatuone mATe ane sarva yugane mATe azokanA jagasadezane A thoDoka bhAga che. paramasatya keTaluM spaSTa ane sAdu che!dayA zIkhavAnuM tathA dAna karavAnuM tema ja namratA rAkhavAnuM ane evuM evuM bIjuM ghaNuM ApaNane kahIne ja te saMtoSa mAnato nathI. e saddaguNone kevI rIte amalamAM ANavA, e paNa te ApaNane kahI batAve che. anAmo paNa (prANane vadha na karavo) ane zikSiA tA (jIvanI hiMsA na karavI) e "ra che.

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mitronI tathA saMbaMdhIonI ane sagAMnI pratye tema ja brAhmaNonI ane zramaNonI pratye udAratA : e "rAna' che. mAtApitAnI tathA moTerAMnI sevA, ane sagAnI ke brAhmaNono tathA zramaNonI sAthe tema ja dAsanI ane nokarInI sAthe yogya vartaNuka e "mAra che. pitAnA saMdezAnA A bhAgane mATe azakane eTalo badhe zokha che ke, potAnA lekhamAM pharIpharIne teno ullekha karavAmAM te AnaMda mANe che. pitAnAM caudamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te kharA dilathI kabUla kare che ke, keTalAka zabdomAM arthanI mIThAza rahelI hovAthI te zabdone pharIpharIne ullekhavAmAM AvelA che. dharma" zabda ane teno artha tene eTalA badhA madhura lAge che ke, je pharajonA saMgrahane te pote dharma" tarIke gaNe che te pharaje pharIpharIne te pote gaNAve che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa jIvananA sAmAnya AcAranI sAthe dharmanI sarakhAmaNI karIne ane " e dharma sadarahu AcArathI caDhiyAto che ema sAbIta karI ApIne te potAnA dharmanAM vakhANa kare che. potAnA navamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM teNe dharmamaMgaLane ullekha karyo che, ane AjanI mAphaka tenA pitAnA samayamAM paNa sArAM phaLa apAvanAra ane narasAM phaLane dUra rAkhanArAM je asaMkhya maMgaLo hiMdusamAjamAM hayAtI dharAvatAM hatAM te maMgaLonI sAthe pitAnA dharmamaMgaLane virodha teNe batAvyo che. te kahe che ke, "mAMdagImAM, lagnaprasaMge, putralAbhanA prasaMge, ane musApharImAM loke aneka (zubha) maMgaLo kare che... paraMtu A bAbatamAM strI jAti ghaNuM ane ghaNuM jAtanAM, (paraMtu) zudra ane arthahIna maMgaLa kare che. alabatta, maMgaLa te karavAM joIe. paNa AvI jAtanuM maMgaLa thoDuM ja phaLa Ape che. paraMtu je dharmamaMgaLa che te bahu phaLa Ape che." Ane artha e thayo ke, dharmapAlanarUpI dharmamaMgaLa mahAphaLadAyI nIvaDe che. tyArapachI, ApaNe upara gaNAvI gayA tevI pharaje azake temAM gaNAvI che. te ja pramANe pitAnA agiyAramA mukhya

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ha7 zilAlekhamAM teNe "dAna (sAmAnya dAna)nI ane "dharmadAnInI vacce rahelo bheda batAvelo che. te kahe che ke, dharmane paricaya karavo tathA dharmamAM bhAga levo ane dharmanA saMbaMdhI banavuM: enA jevuM bIjuM kAMI nathI. pitAnA dharmanI samajutI ApavAnA hetuthI te pite prathama gaNavelI pharajo pharIthI emAM gaNave che; ane chevaTe te kahe che ke, pitA pitAnA putrane tathA putra pitAnA pitAne ane bhAIo parasparane tema ja sagAM parasparane ane dareka jaNa pitAnA pADosIne -ema game te vyakti game te vyaktine- A dharmadAna karI zake che. te ja pramANe potAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoke "vijaya - (sAmAnya jIta)nI sAthe dharmavijayInI sarakhAmaNuM karelI che. dharmavijaya caDhiyAta che, ema emAM teNe batAvI ApyuM che. AnA saMbaMdhamAM teNe kaliMga dezanA vijayane ullekha kare che, ane pote karelI laDavaiyAnI katalane ane temanAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIne pote karelA tIvra duHkhane tathA temanAmAM pote utpanna karelI zokanI lAgaNIno ullekha bharAelA haiye tema ja kAMIka aMze zaramAI jaine teNe temAM karelo che. koI dezanA upara vijaya meLavavA jatAM aneka bhayaMkara pariNAma Ave che. paraMtu dharmavijaya to "prItirasathI bharelo che, ane game tyAM te meLavI zakAya che. pitAnA sarahadI prAMta sudhInA pitAnA AkhA sAmrAjyamAM tema ja pitAnA svataMtra pADesIonA rAjayamAM-hiMdustAnanI aMdara tema ja tenA vAyavyakANunI sarahadanI pAse jyAM eMTiyokasa thIosa tathA TolemI philADelphasa ane anya yavanarAje rAjya bhogavatA hoya tyAM-paNa e jAtane dhama vijaya meLavI zakAya che. kevA prakAranA saddaguNo ane kayI jAtanI pharajo maLIne azokane "dharma" banato hato, e e rIte ApaNe joI gayA. paNa eTalAmAM ja azokanA dharmanI parisamApti thaI jatI nathI. jema dhanavidyuta " ane "aNuvidyuta" heya che tema tenA "dharmanI

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bAbatamAM paNa che. A saddaguNo ane pharajo "dhanavighata nA jevAM che; paNa "aNuvidyuta nI sAthe sarakhAvAya evA durgaNe paNa teNe gaNAvelA che. teNe "gav-karina' (ochAmAM ocho Asinava) zabda vAparIne temAM potAnA hetune sArAMza ApI dIdho che. "nira' eTale zuM? A savAlano javAba azake pitAnA trIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM Apela che. temAM pApanI sAthesAthe tenI gaNanA azoke karelI che, ane "Asinava utpanna karanArA durgaNo teNe gaNAvyA che. te durgaNe A rahyA:- chaMda, niSpharatA, krodha; mAna ane irSA. A badhAnA sArAMza tarIke ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke, azoke pote gaNavelA saddaguNonuM pAlana thAya ane uparyukta durguNothI dUra rahevAya te ja tenA mate "dharmanI pUrepUrI ane yogya siddhi thavA pAme. AnA uparathI eTaluM te jaNAze ke, azoka kaMIka cokkasa saMdezo duniyAne ApavA mAgato hato. AvI samaja barAbara thaI nathI, e kharekhara khedajanaka vAta che. eka taraphathI azoke amuka sadaguNa gaNAvyA che ane je pharajonA rUpe tene amala karavo joIe te pharaje paNa gaNAvI che tyAre bIjI taraphathI manuSyane pApa ane "Asinava" karAvanArA durguNo paNa teNe gaNAvyA che ane banatAM sudhI temanAthI dUra rahevAno upadeza teNe tene karela che. paraMtu eTalAthI ja basa nathI. Atmika vikAsamAM zI aDacaNa Ave che, ene khyAla kharekharA bhaviSyavettAnI mAphaka teNe bAMdhI lIdho che; ane kAMI paNa aDacaNa anubhavyA vagara dharmavikAsanA mArge ApaNe AgaLa dhapI zakIe teTalA mATe ApaNane madadarUpa thaI paDe e upAya paNa teNe sUcave che. e upAyanuM nAma "AtmaparIkSA che. dharmano vikAsa karavo hoya te AtmaparIkSA taddana jarUrI che, evuM ApaNA magajamAM te ThasAve che. "AtmaparIkSAno vicAra khristI dharme UpajAvIne amalamAM mukyo che, evuM Aje keTalAka

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99 leke mAne che, ane tethI azoke AtmaparIkSA karavAne upadeza karele ke kema, e bAbatamAM evA leke zaMkA uThAve che. paraMtu eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, buddhaSe potAnA "vikuddhimA"mAM "jina" (AtmaparIkSA)nAM aneka rUpanA bheda batAvelA che. buddha bhagavAnane e vicAra mULe re; kAraNa ke, emaNe aMbAladika-rAhulane e bAbatane upadeza kare che. buddhaSe buddha bhagavAnanA e vicArane anusarIne pitAnuM lakhANa kareluM che. buddha bhagavAne rAhulane Apela e upadeza "maminikAya'mAM che. gayA prakaraNamAM ApaNe joI gayA tema, pitAnA bhAbAnA zilAlekhamAM tene ja uddezIne dharmaparyAmAM tenI gaNanA karavAmAM AvelI che. buddha bhagavAne rAhulane evI matalabane upadeza kare che ke, kAyAnuM ane vAcAnuM tathA mananuM dareka kAma zarU thAya tenA pahelAM ane zarU thaI jAya tenI pachI tene barAbara tapAsI levuM joIe. paraMtu azoke vadhAre mAnuSI vRtti rAkhIne ema kahyuM che ke, ApaNe ApaNuM zIlano ekaMdara vicAra karavo joIe, ane e rIte vizALa dRSTithI ApaNI pravRttionI tapAsa ApaNe levI joIe. pitAnA trIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM te kahe che ke, "(manuSya) pitAnA sArAM kAmo ja dekhe che (ane potAnA manamAM vicAre che ke, ) "meM A sAruM kAma karyuM che.' kaI paNa rIte te (pitAnAM) pApa dekhate nathI (ane potAnA manamAM vicArate nathI ke) " A pApa karyuM che athavA "A te kharekhara Asina (bagADa) che. paraMtu A (evuM che ke, temAM) AtmaparIkSA agharI che. tema chatAM paNa (manuSya) ATaluM dekhavuM joIe (ane potAnA manamAM vicAravuM joIe ke,) chaMda, niSpharatA, krodha, garva, IrSaH e (durgaNo)thI bagADa thAya che ane temanA) kAraNe huM mArI paDatI karuM." A ja sthaLe azake "Asinava". utpanna karanArA ( ApaNe upara gaNAvI gayA te) durguNene ullekha karelo che. ekara rApara tapAsI letA pahelA thayAnuM

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100 pite bhaluM karyuM hoya tenA tarapha dhyAna ApavuM, ane tethI rAjI thavuM; paNa pite bUruM karyuM hoya tenA tarapha dhyAna na ApavuM, ane tene pazcAttApa na karavo e manuSyamAtrano svabhAva che, ema kahevAno azakane Azaya he joIe. AthI karIne te barAbara TIkA kare che ke, AtmaparIkSA karavI ane pitAnA hAthe thatA pApane dekhavuM, e manuSyamAtrane mATe bahu agharUM che. tema chatAM paNa koI vyakti pote patita thatI aTake teTalA mATe te vyaktie AtmaparIkSA karavI joIe, evo Agraha te kare che. AnuM ja nAma kharekharI AtmaparIkSA" che. "AbhaparIkSAne mATe azake je zabda vAparyo che te paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAno che. teNe "dila" zabda vAparelo che. "AtmaparIkSA nA arthavALo " pa rvana' zabda buddha bhagavAne vAparyo che tenI sAthe azokane e zabda lagabhaga maLato Ave che. AvuM hAIne, azoke potAnI prajAne "AtmaparIkSAne bedha karela, ane Atmika vikAsanA kAme teNe AtmaparIkSAne Avazyaka gaNelI, e bAbatamAM te zaMkAne sthAna ja rahetuM nathI. azokanA upadezanI atighaNI sAdAI tenI dharmalipionA abhyAsInA dhyAnamAM AvyA vagara rahetI nathI. tenA dharmane sarva dharmonI sarvasAdhAraNu milkata tarIke gaNAvI zakAya. je saddaguNanuM ane pharajonuM pAlana karavAnuM teNe ApaNane kahyuM che te saddaguNene ane pharajone baMdha bIjA badhA dharmomAM paNa karelo che. AvuM heine, azaka je upadeza kare che temAM kAMI navInatA nathI, ema koIne lAge paNa kharuM. pitAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te pote ja kabUla kare che ke, "yavanA deza sivAya bIjo koI paNa deza nathI ke jyAM A nikAyo -brAhmaNo ane zramaNa- nathI; ane koI dezane e bhAga nathI ke jyAM eka ke bIjA pAkhaMDamAM lekane vizvAsa na hoya." vaLI, "temAM brAhmaNe tathA zramaNo ane anya pASaDe tathA gRha vase che temanAmAM meTerAnuM kahyuM

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101 sAMbhaLavuM te, mAtApitAnuM kahyuM sAMbhaLavuM te, mitronI tathA oLakhItAnI ane goThiyAnI tathA sagAMsaMbaMdhInI tema ja dAnI ane nokarInI sAthe yogya vartana sthapAelAM che. A badhI pharajo adA kyathI je dharmanuM pAlana thAya che te dharma sarva pAkhaMDene mATe sarvasAdhAraNa che: e ja azokanA thanano muddo che, ema spaSTa thatuM nathI ? AthI ja anyatra (sAtamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM) pitAnI tIvra IcchA darzAvatAM teNe kahyuM che ke, "mArA rAjyamAM) sarva pAuMDe sarvatra (bhale) vase; kAraNa ke, teo badhA ja saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi Icche che." vadhArAmAM te kahe che ke, "paraMtu leke vividha chaMdanA ane rAganA hoya che. teo (pitAnI pharaja) pUrNAze agara alpAMze adA karaze. paNa je manuSyane AtmasaMyama, bhAvazuddhi, (kRtajJatA ane daDhabhakti) nathI te puSkaLa dAna karato hoya te paNa kharekhara nIya manuSya che." AtmasaMyama ane bhAvazuddhi evA mahatvanA saguNa che ke, dareka vyaktie potAmAM temane vikAsa karavuM joIe evuM azoka ahIM kahevA mAge che. vaLI, dareka saMpradAya A ja saguNono bedha kare che. dareka saMpradAyanI dharmAtrAmAM moTA bhAge e ja saddaguNone samAveza karavAmAM Avela hoya che. tema chatAM paNa e saMpradAyanI dareka vyakti e samasta dharmANAne amala kare ja, ema khAtrIthI na kahI zakAya. paraMtu nidAna AtmasaMyama ane bhAvazuddhi to dareka vyaktie rAkhavAM ja joIe. te vyakti game teTalI dAnazIla tathA kRtajJa ane daDhabhaktivALI hoya te paNa AtmasaMyamanI ane bhAvazuddhinI AgaLa enA e guNe paNa pANuM bhare che. potAnA bAramA zilAlekhamAM vadhAre spaSTa bhASA vAparIne ane jo laMbANathI e ja prakArane upadeza azake karela che. vividha pArSanI pratyenA azokanA pitAnA bhAvanuM suMdara citra Alekhate ukta zilAlekha eTalA badhA mahattvanuM che ke, ahIM tene sAra pUrNAze ApavAmAM kAMI aDacaNa nathI. azoka kahe che ke, sarva pApaDanA

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10ra sAranI vRddhi tene potAne jeTalA pramANamAM priya lAge che teTalA pramANamAM dAna ane pUjA tene potAne priya lAgatAM nathI. A sAranI vRddhi ghaNI jAtanI che; paNa tenuM mULa vAcAgupti (bolatAM saMbhALavuM te) che. bIjI rIte kahetAM, najIvA kAraNe manuSya pArakAnA pAkhaMDane dhikkArIne potAnA pAkhaMDanI pUjA kare, e yogya na gaNAya. ethI ulaTuM, A kAraNe ke pelA kAraNe paNa pArakAnA pAkhaMDane pUjavo joIe. Ama karate manuSya potAnA pArSane vadhAre che ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDanA upara upakAra kare che. pArakA pAkhaMDanI koI vyakti pitAnA pAkhaMDanI pratyenI pitAnI bhakitathI tene dIpAvatI hoya tethI karIne tenA pAkhaMDane je kaI dhikkAre che ane pitAnA ja pAkhaMDane pUje che te e pramANe karavAthI pitAnA pAkhaMDanI vadhAre sakhta hAni kare che. A sthitimAM ka mArga sarvottama gaNAya? tenA javAbamAM azoka kahe che ke, lekee ekabIjAnA dharmane sAMbhaLavo joIe ane sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA rAkhavI joIe. enuM zuM pariNAma Ave ? ene javAba azoke Ama Apela che - "badhA pASA bahuzrata ane kalyANasAdhaka thAya......ane tenuM phaLa A che-pitAnA pAkhaMDanI vRddhi, ane dharmanuM dIpana." pitAnA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azeke Ama kahyuM che. Aje paNa te vicArano viSaya thaI paDe tema che. tenA kathanane bhAvArtha e che ke, ekaMdare jotAM dareka dharmane be bAjuo hoya che -(1) upadezaviSayaka; ane (2) nItiviSayaka upadezaviSayaka dharmane saMbaMdha karmakAMDane lagatA tema ja adhyAtmavidyAne lagatA praznonI sAthe rahe che, ane tene buddhinI sAthe lAgevaLage che. nItiviSayaka dharmamAM dharmane vistRta paraMtu yogya artha rahelo che. yogya lAgaNIvALA ane samaju mANasa kudaratI rIte je AcaraNa kare tene nItiviSayaka dharma gaNAvI zakAya che, ane tene AtmAnI sAthe lAgevaLage che. kaI paNa dharmanA upadezaviSayaka bhAganI bAbatamAM haMmezAM matabheda rahe che. dhArmika mAnyatAnA viSayanI bAbatamAM tema ja karmakAMDanA saMbaMdhamAM

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103 vividha ane parasparavirodhI vicAre pracalita hoya che. AvuM hoya temAM kAMI navAI nathI; kAraNa ke, mANasanI buddhi bhedavALI hoya che. paraMtu dharmanA nItiviSayaka bhAganI bAbatamAM te e kaI matabheda jovAmAM Avato nathI. nItimaya saddaguNonI bAbatamAM tema ja je nItimaya AcArone amala ApaNe karavo joIe te AcAranI bAbatamAM kAMI paNa matabheda ane mArAmArI ApaNuM najare paDatAM nathI. e bAbatamAM to mAtra ekatA ja ApaNI najare paDe che. AvuM hoya temAM kAMI navAI nathI; kAraNa ke, sAcuM cheTuM samajanAra AtmA bhejavALo hote ja nathI. AthI karIne koI paNa dharmanA nItiviSayaka vibhAgamAM je upadeza karyo hoya te e dharmane pitAno ja hisse na hoI zake, paNa sarva dharmonI sarvasAdhAraNa mAlIkI hoI zake. e ja sarve dharmone kharekhara sAra che; ane je dharma azoke upade che -ane je dharmane vicAra atyAra sudhImAM ApaNe karyo che te dharma AvA ja prakArane, sarva dharmane sAra che. paraMtu je ghaDIe ApaNe ApaNuM buddhinA gheDAnI lagAma chUTI mukIe te ja ghaDIthI karmakAMDanI sAthe tema ja adhyAtmavidyAnI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA viSayane lagatI ApaNI carcAne kAMI paNa hada rahetI nathI; ane ghaNuMkharuM to e carcA tIvra vAdavivAdanuM rUpa paNa le che. AthI ja kavakhate paNa leke pitAnA pAkhaMDane vakhANavAne ane khAsa kAraNa vagara ja pArakAnA pAkhaMDane dhikkAravAne prerAya che. AvI jAtanA gAMDapaNanI sAme ja azake jabaro vadhe UThAvela che, e upara ApaNe joI gayA. azoke je sabaLa upadeza karavAnuM yogya dhAryuM che te jotAM ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke, tenA pitAnA samayamAM leke pitAnA pArSakane pUjatA haze, ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDane vakhoDatA haze, ane dharmopadezanA viSayonA saMbaMdhamAM vividha pASaDenA lekeAnI vacce ghaNuMkharUM tIvra ane ugra vAdavivAda thatA haze. khAsa karIne kayA bhAgamAM A prakArano tIvra

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104 bhedabhAva vadhAre jora mAra hato, e nakkI karavAnuM banI zake tema che; kAraNa ke, (azoke pote ja kahyuM che tema) jUdA jUdA pAkhaMDamAM sahAnubhUti ane eka jAgRta karavAnuM kAma dharmamahAmAtrone tathA adhyakSamahAmAtrane ane vacabhUmikAne soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ApaNe eTaluM te jANIe chIe ke, dharmamahAmAtrone sarva pAkhaMDanA lekAnA upara -khAsa karIne AchavakenA tathA nithAnA ane bauddha lokenA upara- nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. e adhikArIone ukta Azaya sAdhavAne hukama thaele hato tethI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, azakanA vakhatamAM e traNe prakAranA pAkhaMDanA lekamAM matabheda ane vikhavAda upasthita thatA hovA joIe. yadhyakSamahAmAtrone strIonuM hitasukha sAdhavAnuM kAma soMpavAmAM AveluM hatuM. temane paNa ukta Azaya sAdhavAno hukama thayo hato tethI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, azokanA samayamAM strIo paNa pitAnA pAkhaMDanI pratye prIti ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDanI pratye asahiSNutA dAkhavatI hovI joIe. vacabhUminI ane temanI pharajonI oLakhANa hajI sudhI ApaNane maLI zakI nathI, e kharekhara dilagIrInI vAta che. paraMtu ahIM eTaluM to barAbara spaSTa thayuM ke, azokanA kALamAM badhA mukhya pASanA leka dharmajhanunanA pariNAmamAM pitAnA pAkhaMDane vakhANutA ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDane vakhoDatA, ane strIo pote svabhAve vadhu dharmaparAyaNa hevA chatAM paNa A prakAranI vRttithI vimukha rahetI na hatI. Ano artha e thayo ke, azoka jIvato hato ane pitAne upadeza karatA hatA tyAre dharmajhanuna ane kemI jusso pUra bahAramAM hatAM. je kALe leke pitAnA dharmanAM Avazyaka tenA upara potAnuM mana na coMTADatAM anAvazyaka tenA upara potAnuM mana cuMTADe te kALe dharmanAM Avazyaka ane anAvazyaka taronI vacce rahelA bheda duniyAne dekhADI Ape tevA dUradazI ane dharmabaLavALA

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105 bhaviSyavettAnI jarUra rahe che. kharuM jotAM AvuM ja kAMIka azake kareluM che. sarva pASane mATe sarvasAdhAraNa gaNAya evA dharmanA sAranI upara je kALe leAko dhyAna detA na hatA te kALe dharmanA sAranI upara azake potAnA cittane ekAgra karyuM hatuM, emAM ja sarva saMtapuruSonI mAphaka azokanI paNa navInatA rahelI che. prajanA manane dharmanA anAvazyaka tattvamAMthI khaseDI laIne Avazyaka tattvamAM lagADavAno prayatna azake kevI rIte karele, e paNa jovAyogya ekabIjAnA dharmane sAMbhaLavAnI bAbatamAM ane sAMbhaLavAnI icchI rAkhavAnI bAbatamAM aze ke lokone bodha karelo che. dharmamAM koI paNa pAkhaMDanA mAtra nItizAstrano ja samAveza thato nathI, paNa tenA karmakAMDane tema ja tenI adhyAtmavidyAno paNa samAveza thAya che : evuM kahevAne azokano Azaya che. jUdA jUdA pASaDe ekabIjAthI judA paDatA hoya to paNa temanI vacce aneka bAbatamAM maLatApaNuM hoya che, ema azoka kahevA mAge che. jUdAjUdA pAkhaMDonI vacce je maLatApaNuM hoya tenA tarapha lokonuM dhyAna e rIte azoka pite kheMcavA mAgato hato. e maLatApaNuM ja dharmane sAra che, ema lekee samajI levuM joIe evuM kahevAno azokane muddo che. e rIte dharmanuM Avazyaka tattva nakkI thAya ane tenA upara bhAra daIne kahevAmAM Ave eTale pachI leke tene amalamAM mukavAne lagatI pitAnI prathama pharaja samajI jAya, ane tenA pariNAmamAM dharmanI dIpti (dhamara topanA) thAya, ane pASaDe jagatanuM kalyANa sAdhavAne mathe (rA-mAma ). paraMtu azoke dharmanA anAvazyaka tattvane avagaNyuM hatuM, ema AthI samajavAnuM nathI. e prakAranA dharmamAM karmakAMDane ane adhyAtmavidyAne samAveza thAya che, ane te manuSyanI nItibhAvanAne ke dharmabhAvanAne poSato nathI teTale tenI buddhine poSe che: ema azoka sArI peThe samajato hato. lokee ekabIjAnA dharmane

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106 sAMbhaLavo joIe, ema kahIne azoka ema paNa kahevA mAge che ke, jUdA jUdA pASaDanI upadezAtmaka bAbato paNa lekee sAMbhaLavI ane vicAravI joIe. judAjudA pASaDae jUduM juduM tattvajJAna tathA prakRtivarNana ane karmakAMDa vikasAvyuM hoya tene vicAra karavAnI tathA temAMthI vicArapUrvaka pasaMdagI karavAnI taka e rIte lekIne maLe. tenA pariNAmamAM leke bahuzruta thAya ane temAMthI potAnI ja saMtoSakAraka karmakAMDapaddhati tathA adhyAtmavidyA UpajAvI zake. e rIte leke ekabIjAnA dharmane sAMbhaLe tathA dharmane sAra grahI le tema ja tene amala karavAnI bAbatamAM bhAra daIne Agraha kare ane judAjudA pASaDanI karmakAMDapaddhatine tathA adhyAtmavidyAne kALajIpUrvaka cALI kADhIne pitAnI ja navIna paddhati UpajAvI kADhe tyAre azokane atipriya thaI paDelI "abhi-TriDa-vatti' (pitAnA pAkhaMDanI vRddhi) teo sAdhI zake. TUMkamAM kahetAM, dharmanA sArane ja azake dharma' kahyo che. sarva dharmamAM e sArane dekho ane tene amalamAM mukavAne grahI le, tathA prakRtinI ane manuSyanI vacce rahelA saMbaMdhanI bAbatamAM ApaNe ApaNo potAne siddhAMta badhI zakIe teTalA mATe sarva dharmonA karmakAMDane ane sarva dharmanI adhyAtmavidyAne tulanAtmaka abhyAsa niSpakSapAtathI ane khoTI rIte deravAI gayA vagara karavo e ja I. sa. pUrvenI trIjI sadInA rAjaphirastA azokane upadeza che. eno A saMdeze keTale bhavya ane khAtrI kAraka che ! Aje paNa te keTale atyAjaya che ! AjanI sRSTinA leke A mahApuruSanA bodhane aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka anusare ane hiMdudharmane tathA musalamAnadharmane tema ja khristIdharmane ane jarastIdharma tathA pretavidyAno paNa abhyAsa kare to temanI Amika tathA buddhiviSayaka samRddhi tathA unnati keTalI badhI sadhAya !

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107 kayA aMtima hetuthI dharmanuM pAlana karavuM, e jyAM sudhI ApaNe na jANI laIe tyAM sudhI azokanA dharmanuM varNana adhUruM ja gaNAya. je leke dharmane anusare te lekene chevaTe zuM maLe? azokane paralokamAM zraddhA hatI ? A savAlanA javAbamAM to "hA" ja kahevI paDe che. teNe pote ja aneka prasaMge A lekane paralokathI jUdo gaNyo che. dAkhalA tarIke, pitAnA cethA staMbhalekhamAM rajajune uddezIne teNe kahyuM che ke, temaNe prAMtanA lakenA aihika (hita) tathA pAralaukika (paDhita) sukhane uttejavuM joIe. vaLI, dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA judAjudA lekhe paikInA pahelA lekhamAM paNa te kahe che ke, tenI pitAnI prajA A lokanA (viviA ) ane paralekanA ( vi) hitasukhane pAme, evI tenI pitAnI icchA che. paNa dharmane anusarIne paralekamAM manuSya pote zuM meLave? A vAlanA javAbamAM azoka kahe che ke, paralokamAM te svargane pAme. aze ke pitAnA lekhomAM nidAna traNa sthaLe "svarga ne ullekha karela che. potAnA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoka kahe che ke, te pote je kAMI parAkrama kare che te evA hetuthI ke, ethI leke sukhI thAya ane paralokamAM svarge pahero. pitAnA pahelA gauNa zilAlekhamAM te pitAnA sarva prakAranA amaladArene AgrahapUrvaka kahe che ke, tenI pitAnI prajA svargane pAme teTalA mATe temaNe tanatoDa mahenata karavI joIe. potAnA navamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te te kAMIka vadhAre kahe che. ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe ke, A ja zilAlekhamAM teNe dharmamaMgaLano ullekha kare che. e zilAlekhanI be nakalamAM te jaNAve che ke, dharmane anusaravAthI svargane pamAya che. e ja lekhanI traNa nakalamAM jUdIjudI bhASA vAparIne te e ja vastu samajAve che. te kahe che ke, " ahIMnuM dareka maMgaLa saMzayavALuM che. kadAca te e hetune saphaLa kare, ane kadAca te A lemAM na rahe. paraMtu A dharmamaMgaLa kALavaza nathI. te e hetune A lekamAM

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108 saphaLa karatuM nathI teA paNa paraleAkamAM te anaMta puNyane prasare che.' ahIM azAka ema kahevA mAge che ke, dharmane anusaravAthI paralAkamAM puSkaLa puNya prasare che, ane tethI karIne manuSya svane pAmI zake che. azAke peAtAnA lekhAmAM je dhama upadezelA che. te eTale khadhA sAdA che ke, vidyAnA e bAbatanA vicAramAM paDI gayA che. potAnA dharmanA upadeza karatI veLAe azAka bauddhapathI hatA, e hakIkata dhyAnamAM letAM vidvAnAne azeAkanA dharmImAM kAMika virodhAbhAsa thAya che. dAkhalA tarIke, sva. phlITa sAheba ema mAnatA ke, azAkanA zilAlekheAmAM tathA staMbhalekhAmAM je dhanA upadeza karavAmAM AvelA che te bauddhapathanA dharma na hatA, paNa rAjadharma hatA. 1 paraMtu ApaNe tA atyAra sudhImAM joi lIdhuM che ke, rAjyavyavasthA sArI rIte jaLavAya teTalA mATe rAjAoe ane temanA adhikArIoe pALavAnA niyamAnA saMgraha tarIke azAkanA dharma'naina eLakhAvI zakAya; paNa sAdhu jIvana gALavAmAM sAmAnya prajAne madadarUpa thaI paDe tevA niyameAnA saMgrahane ja azeAkanA dharma" tarIke ApaNe oLakhAvI zakIe. vaLI, khIjA eka lekhake evI dalIla karI che ke, aokanI dharmamalipamAM varNavelA dharma " bauddhapathanA amAM vavAyA nathI, paNa kASTha pazu pathanA sau leAkAe je sAmAnya dhArmikatA azAkanI pRcchAne anusarIne amalamAM mukavI joie te sAmAnya dhArmikatAnA amAM vavAyeA che. " 2 sva. mitha sAhebe potAnA graMthamAM eka sthaLe kahyuM che ke, 'upadezanI zaktimAM ajaba zraddhA rAkhIne je dharmanA upadeza ane pracAra teNe satata karyAM hatA te dharmamAM kAMi khAsa viziSTatA na hatI. kAI paMthanA leAkeA emAMnA eka bhAganI bAbatamAM nahi teA khIjA bhAganI " 1. ja. raeN. e. sa. 1908, pR. 491-497 2. je. ema. maeNpheilakRta " azoka " ( agrejI graMtha ), pR. 48. 3, azAka" (aMgrejI gra'tha), pR. 59-60.

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109 99 bAbatamAM khAsa bhAra dakhane kahe tA paNa te siddhAMta mukhyataH sa hiMdI dharmanI bAbatamAM sarvasAmAnya hatA. " tema chatAM paNa anya sthaLe 1 teNe kahyuM che ke, dharmalipimAM vadhu velA dharma bauddhapacathI ra'gAvAthI kaheA ke, bauddhapathanA mULamAM rahelA ( pazu hiMdudharmamAM gauNasyAna bhAgavatA ) nItivicArathI tarakheLa thai javAthI- sahaja badalAelA hiMdudharma che. " AmAM tA virAdhAbhAsa thAya che; kAraNa ke, eka prasaMge tene azokanA dharmamAM kAMi khAsa bauddhatattva lAgatuM nathI tyAre khIjA prasaMge e ja dharma bauddhanItivacArathI taraLa thai gaelA tene lAge che. evI ja rIte eka sthaLe smitha sAheba kahe che ke, azeke svarganI je lAlaca batAvI hatI te dhaNAkharA graMthAmAMnA bauddhatattvajJAnanI sAthe bhAgye ja adha bese che. tema chatAM paNa anyatra teNe evI TIkA karI che ke, azoke pAte pAtAnI AzA pradarzita karI na hatI teA paNu dhaNuM karIne tene nirvANu meLavavAnI AzA hatI.ra peAtAnA dharma edhatI veLAe azoka pote bauddhapathI hatA teA paNa tenA dharmamAM kAMi vizeSatA na hatI tema ja kAmI tattva paNa na hatuM : ema kema banyuM. haze ? klITa ane smitha sAhebanA jevA keTalAka vidvAnA e bAbatanI vimAsaNumAM paDI gayA che. paraMtu senA sAheba evA nathI nIvaDayA. azokanA dhama"nI ane bauddhapathanA dhama-patra"nI vacce emaNe dhaNI samAnatA joi che. e kALanA bauddhapathanu evuM sAthe sapUrNa citra azAkanI dharmalipimAM AlekhAeluM che ke, e dharmarAjanA samaya sudhI tA bauddhapatha " amuka custa niyameAnA upara ke sUkSma siddhAMtAnA upara khIlakula dhyAna na denArA tathA upAsakanA ke bhikSunA tattvathI jarA paNa na ladAkhelA...... ane tema chatAM paNa spaSTapaNe ullekhAelA sUtra vagaranA cokhkhAmAM 1. " azAka" (aMgrejI pustaka), pR. 29-30. azAka" (aMgrejI pustaka), pR. 6465 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 3. " www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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110 cA nItisiddhAMta 1 hatA, evo nirNaya ApaNe karI zakIe chIeema senA sAheba kahe che. paraMtu kAMsanA e vidvAne je maLatApaNanAM to emAM joyAM che te paikInAM mAtra be to ja kAMIka mahattvanAM che. vaLI, bauddhapathanA "ma-pa mAM ane brAhmaNonA "mahAbhArata"nA jevA graMthomAM paraspara maLatAM AvatAM aneka sUtra jovAmAM Ave che. "dhana-pa6"ne cekhecokhkha bauddhapustaka mAnavuM ke kema ? e paNa zaMkAspada che. vaLI, i. sa. pUrvenI trIjI sadInA madhyabhAga sudhI te vividha vidhipUrvaka prArthanAnI siddhinA pAyAnA upara bauddhapaMtha racAe nahi, paNa nItidharmanI siddhinA pAyAnA upara te racAeleH evuM je anumAna azokanI dhama lipionA ja AdhAre senA sAhebe kareluM che te anumAnane koI paNa vidvAne kabUla rAkhyuM nathI. azokanA samayanA samasta bauddhapaMthanuM citra tenI dharmalipiomAM AlekhAeluM che, e mAnyatA ja bhUlabharelI che. e kALanA dharmanA be vibhAga hatAH-(1) bhikSuone ane bhikSukIono dharma; ane (2) gRhasthAzramIone dharma. azeke potAnA dharmane upadeza karyo te vakhate te te pite gRhasthAzramI ja hato; ane je lekene e dharmane upadeza teNe karele te loko paNa bhikSu jIvana gALatA na hatA, paNa gRhasthAzramInuM jIvana ja gALatA hatA. AthI karIne, "bauddha paMthamAMthI ja azekanA dharmane protsAhana maLeluM ke kema?" eno nirNaya karavuM hoya te, "sAmAnya leke vAMcavAnA ane vicAravAnA tathA pALavAnA kayA dharmaparyAye e paMthamAM niyata thaelA che? e nakkI karavAnI jarUra rahe che. bauddha upAsakene mATe niyata saithI vadhAre mahattvanuM sUtra "hinAvA-sura" che. bauddhasAhityamAMnA "nivAI"mAM e sUtrane ullekha kare che. e sUtra eTalA badhA mahattvanuM manAyuM 1. I. e., 1891, pR. ra64-265

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111 che ke, tene nidi-vina (grahasthAzramInI saMsthA) kahevAmAM Ave che. buddhoSa kahe che ke, gRhasthAzramInA ekaMdara dharmane koI paNa bhAga A sUtramAM varNavAyA vagara rahyo nathI. tethI karIne e "sunaMta'nuM nAma "nihi-vina" (grahasthAzramInI saMsthA) che. AvuM hAIne kaI manuSya tene sAMbhaLIne temAM karelA upadezane amalamAM muke to tenI avanati na thatAM unnati ja thAya." alabatta, upAsakanA daSTibiMduthI ukta sUtrane ATaluM badhuM mahattva apAeluM che. e sUtrane sArAMza Avo che - rAjagRhamAMnA vAMsanA vanamAM buddha bhagavAna eka prasaMge nivAsa karatA hatA. niyamAnusAra bhikSA mAgavAne te pote nIkaLyA haze tevAmAM koI gRhasthAzramInA putra 'sigAlane temaNe joyo. tenA vALa bhInA hatA, ane tenAM kapaDAM paNa bhInAM hatAM. potAnA be hAthane joDIne UMcA karIne te cha dizAne (pRthvInI AsapAsanI cAra dizAo, pRthvInI potAnI eka dizA ane AkAzanI eka dizA, ema cha dizAne) namaskArapUrvaka pUjato hato. ema karavAno hetu buddha bhagavAne sigAne pUchyo tyAre sigAle e javAba Ape ke, "mArA pitAnA vacanane pavitra gaNIne huM A pUjA karuM chuM. paraMtu buddha bhagavAne tene kahyuM ke, "AryadharmamAM to AvI rIte cha dizAnI pUjA karavAnI nathI." "te pachI kevI rIte e dizAonI pUjA karavI joIe, e Apa maherabAnIthI samajAvo evI vinatI sigAle buddha bhagavAnane karI tyAre buddha bhagavAne vistArapUrvaka kahyuM ke, "pitAnI AsapAsanA lokone uddezIne satkarma karavAM, e ja dizAonI pUjAne mATe uttamottama mArga che." temaNe pitAnA upadezane sArAMza thoDIka gAthAomAM samAvelo che. te paikInI pahelI gAthAne arthe Ave che - mAtA ane pitA pUrva dizAe che; guruo dakSiNadizAe che; 1. ja. ra. e. se, 1915, pR. 809 2. TI. Dabalyu. hAIsa DeviDjhakRta "buddhIjhama" (bauddhapaMtha), pR. 143-144; se. bu. I, pu. 4, pR. 173 ane AgaLa.

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112 patnI ane saMtAne pazcimadizAo che; ane mitro tathA sagAMsaMbaMdhI uttaradizAe che; nokare ane majure pRthvInI dizAe che; ane brAhmaNa tathA bhikSu AkAzanI dizAe che. pacAsa varSanI ummara thAya tyAM sudhI gRhasthAzramI gaNAtA puruSe ukta dizAone pUjavI joIe. ?" ukata gAthAono vicAra karanAra vAcaka paNa eTaluM te joI zake che ke, potAnI prajAnA manamAM je AcArazreNIne ThasAvatAM azoka kadi thAkato nathI te ja AcArazreNI e gAthAomAM pracavAmAM AvelI che. mAtApitAnI sevA; gurUnuM mAna; mitronI tathA saMbaMdhIonI ane sagAMnI tema ja brAhmaNonI ane zramaNanI sAthe udAra ane gya vartaNuka, tathA dAsanI ane nokarenI sAthe yogya vartaNukaH e ja AcArazreNIne uddezIne azoke bhAra daIne kaheluM che; ane sigAla pote sAre ane saddaguNI gRhasthAzramI thAya teTalA mATe buddha bhagavAne paNa A jAtanI AcArazreNIne uddezIne AgrahapUrvaka upadeza karela che. jenA kAna saMpradAya tathA Achavakene saMpradAya ane evA bIjA saMpradAyo je tattvane kabUla na rAkhe evuM kAMI paNa tattva azokanI dharmamRtimAM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. bauddhapaMcanA upAsakene mATe yojAelA "sigAvAH -puramAM ukta pharajo ja keMdrIbhUta ane uddiSTa che. AthI karIne ApaNe e ja nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, azokanA dharmano mULa pAyo emAM ja rahelo che, ane temAMthI ja azokane protsAhana maLeluM hatuM. hajI vadhArAnI sAbItI joItI hoya to bauddhapaMthamAMnA "mahAmagasTa-sura". mAMthI te meLavI levI. bauddhapaMthamAM " nivAsurane je mahatva apAya che tenAthI UtaratuM mahattva "mahAdattane apAya che. e sUtra "surajapati" mAM jovAmAM Ave che. temAM amuka amuka pharaja gaNAvelI che; ane e pharajo adA karyAthI. 1. bIjAM keTalAMka bauddhasUtromAM paNa AvA ja nItiniyamo gaNAvavAmAM AvelA che jue "guttaniya"3, 7-78.

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113 upAsakanuM vadhAremAM vadhAre "maMgaLa' thAya che, ema emAM jaNAveluM che. dharmakriyAnA arthavALo A 'maMgaLa' zabda azokanA navamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM "dharmanuM pAlana mahAphaLa ApanAruM maMgaLa che e arthavALA "dharmamaMgaLa' zabdanI yAda Ape che, ane tethI karIne ApaNuM khAtrI thAya che ke bauddhapaMthanA ukta "mahAmanAi-sura"mAMthI ja azokane pitAnI e vicArasaMkalana ane zabdayojanA sUjhI AvI hatI. azokanI dharmalipiomAM gaNAvavAmAM AvelI pharaje paNa "mahAmaMADha sutta'mAM gaNavavAmAM AvelI pharajene ghaNA aMze maLatI Ave che. ukta sUtramAM A mahAmaMgaLone gaNAvavAmAM AvelAM che:-"pitAnI ane mAtAnI sevA; patnInuM ane saMtAnonuM pAlana; dAna; sagAMsaMbaMdhInI saMbhALa; pApa na karavuM te; zramaNane samAgama ane yogya RtumAM dharmapravacana." 1 dharmanA peTAmAM azeke gaNAvelA saddaguNo paikInA ghaNAkharA saddaguNo tema ja teNe gaNAvelI pharajo paikInI ghaNIkharI pharaje ukta sUtramAM jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI, ApaNe eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, sAmAnya maMgaLanI ane dharmamaMgaLanI vacce rahele bheda azake batAvela che tevI ja rIte sAdhAraNa dAnanI ane dhama dAnanI vacce rahela bheda paNa teNe samajAve che; ane dharmAdAna sAmAnya dAnathI alabatta caDhiyAtuM che, ema teNe varNavyuM che. senA sAhebe batAvI ApyuM che tema, "rAjaM dhamavA vinati" (dharmadAne sarva dAnone TapI jAya che), evuM vAkaya "dha-v"mAM che tene anusarIne ja aze ke "paMka-vananI yojanA karelI hovI joIe. paraMtu " manisTa-suttamAM saddaguNe ane pharajo gaNAvyAM che tema ahIM gaNAvAyA nathI. azoka pe te bauddhapaMthano mAtra upAsaka hato, ane te gRhasthAzramIne upadeza karatuM hatuM, ane bauddhapaMthe upAsakane mATe 1. se. bu. I, pu. 10 (bhA. 2, 5. 43. 2. i. e. 1891, pR. 262.

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114 karAvI ApelAM tattvonA AdhAre ja te potAne upadeza karato hato : eTaluM ApaNe samajI laIe te pachI, te potAnA lekhamAM nirvANane athavA "aSTAMgika mArgo ullekha karato nathI, paNa "svargane ullekha kare che ane dharmanA pariNAmamAM paralokamAM meLavavAnA badalA tarIke svargane gaNe che : e joIne ApaNane navAI lAgavI joIe nahi. bauddha paMthamAM kahyuM che tema, svargano ane narkane siddhAMta te khAsa karIne upAsakone dharma che, ane sarvottama siddhi tathA nirvANane Adarza to bhikSuone ja viSaya che. buddha bhagavAnanuM mata evuM ja hatuM. aneka prasaMge buddha bhagavAne jaNAvyuM che ke, dhamika gRhasthAzramI paralokamAM svargomAMnA eka svargamAM deva tarIke janma le che. AvuM hevAthI, A lekamAM dhArmika jIvana gALyuM hoya tenA sArAMzarUpa saravALA tarIke "svargane azoka gaNe che tethI kAMI navAI pAmavAnI nathI. khAsa karIne bauddhapaMthamAM ja svarganI mAnyatA jovAmAM Ave che, ema kAMI nathI. aneka dharmomAM e mAnyatA pracalita hatI ane che. kharekhara savAla te e bho thAya che ke, bauddhasAhityamAM je prakAranA svarganuM varNana karavAmAM AveluM te prakAranA svargane azoka pote mAnatA hatA ke kema? pitAnA cothA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te kahe che ke, "paNa have devone lADakA priyadarzI rAjAnA dharmAcaraNanA pariNAmamAM lene vimAnanAM darzana, hAthIonAM darzana, agnisaMcaya ane bIjA divyarUpa batAvAyA pachI teno avAja dharmane avAja banyo che." ahIM te ema kahevA mAge che ke, dharmane gheSa karavAnA kAme ja te Dhelane upayoga kare che. laDAI thavAnI hoya ke prajAne kAMI jAhera karavuM hoya tyAre haMmezAM prathama te Dhola vagADavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu teNe pite dharmAcaraNa zarU karyuM tyArathI e prathA baMdha paDI. laDAI -karavAnA hetuthI Dhela vagADavAmAM AvatuM nahi, paNa leke AvIne 1, "mA manikAya", 1, 289 ane 388,

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- 115 amuka dekhAva jue teTalA mATe te vagADavAmAM AvatuM: ema te kahe che; ane dharmane utpanna karIne vikasAvanArA e dekhAva hovAthI te evA Tolane dharmaSa karanArA Dhela tarIke varNave che. paNa azoka potAnI prajAne kayA dekhAvAnuM pradarzana karatA hatA ? vimAne tathA hAthIo ane agninA ogha tathA evAM bIjuM pradarzana te pitAnI prajAne karate hato, e dekhItuM che. pAlibhASAnA sAhityamAM "vimAnava" nAmaka graMtha che temAMthI ukta zabdonA kharA arthane khulAse maLe che. dhArmika mANasane je aneka prakAranA badalA paralokamAM maLI zake che te aneka prakAranA badalAnuM varNana e graMthamAM kareluM che. tene potAnI yogyatAnA pramANamAM eka prakAranuM ke bIjA prakAranuM devatva maLe che. ukta aneka prakAranA badalA paikIno eka badale te vimAna" che. taMbhonA AdhAre rahe e mahela paramasukhanA keMdra tarIke manAyo che, ane tene devI mAlIka potAnI marajImAM Ave tema tenuM halanacalana karI zake che. "hRti' (hAthI) bIjA prakArano badale che. e hAthI sArI rIte zaNagArAelo tema ja taddana sapheda ane AkAzagAmI hoya che. vaLI, "vimAnavaghumAM evuM varNana paNa kareluM che ke, ghaNAkharA devone cahere vIjaLInI mAphaka ke.tArAnI mAphaka ke agninI mAphaka prakAzita hoya che. eka pitAnI prajAne agnisaMcaya (uttira ke kavi Sa) kevI rIte batAvata, enuM anumAna AnA AdhAre ApaNe karI zakIe chIe. dhamika manuSya parakamAM devatvane pAme che tyAre temanA zarIramAMthI kevA prakArane agniprakAza vachUTe che. e pitAnI prajAne azeka batAvate haze, ema kahI zakAya che. hiMdu leke te kALe ema mAnatA -ane Aje paNa teo ema mAne che ke, svargamAMnA devanuM jIvana maryAdita hoya che. pitAnAM satkarmonA puNyanA pramANamAM manuSya

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mA tarIke vimA karIne e nA ullekha bApaMthanA svarganI aMdagI bhogave che, ema hiMduleke mAne che. paraMtu dhArmika manuSyane kevI jAtanAM svargavAsa ane svargIya vimAna maLe che, enuM ja varNana bauddhapaMthanI mAnyatAne anusarIne "vimAnavazuMmAM kareluM che. vAMcanArA ane sAMbhaLanArA leke A lekamAM zuddha ane sAtvika jIvana gALavAne prerAya tema ja potAnI dhArmika pharajAne adA karavAmAM utsAha rAkhavAne prerAya, e hetuthI ja "vimAnavajumAM ukta bAbatonA saMbaMdhamAM bhAra daIne kahevAmAM AvyuM che. potAnI prajAmAM dharmaparAyaNatAno vikAsa karanArAM kAraNe tarIke vimAnIne tema ja hAthIone ane "agniska che ne azake gaNAvela che tethI karIne ema ja sAbIta thAya che ke, je svargane te mAnato hato ane je svargane ullekha potAnA rAjakALanA bAramA varSamAM teNe pote karela che -te svarga bAddhapaMthanA sAhityamAM jaNAveluM svarga ja hatuM. upalI vicAraparaMparAthI vAcakanI eTalI to khAtrI thaI ja haze ke, azoka pitAnI dharmali paomAM pote darzAvelA dharmane upadeza karato hato te vakhate bAddhapaMthI hato, ane bauddhapaMthamAMthI ja tene pitAnA dharmanI bAbatamAM preraNA maLelI hatI. paraMtu have kaI vAcaka ema puchaze ke, "A sarvane mATe te mAtra bauddhapaMthane ja AbhArI ho ? bIjA koI dharmamAMthI vicAranI preraNA meLavIne te vicArone teNe pitAnA ja karI lIdhelA ke kema?" loke dharmane uddhare ane pote bahukRta thAya teTalA mATe temaNe ekabIjAnA dharmane sAMbhaLavo joIe : evI salAha teNe pote ja lekane ApelI che. jene amala karavAne upadeza pArakAne te karato tene amala te pote paNa karate hovo joie. bauddhapathI na gaNAya paraMtu bIjA koI saMpradAyamAthI lIdhelAM gaNAya evAM to azokanA pitAnA dharmamAM ke tenA pitAne vartaNukamAM jovAmAM Ave che ke kema? amukAmuka kAma na karavAM, evI matalabane je upadeza azoke kare che tene vicAra kALajIpUrvaka karanArA vAcakane

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117 asiva' zabdanI vicitranA dhyAnamAM AvyA vagara nahi ja rahe. e "mArinane utpanna karanArA je durgaNe teNe gaNAvelA che te paNa vAyakane vicAramAM garakAva karaze. e "marina zabada kayI jAtane che? enI vyutpatti zI ? azokanA trIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM "pApa" zabdanI sAthe sAthe ja tenI gaNanA karavAmAM AvelI che, ane dasamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM "apuNyanA arthavALo sTira" zabda vaparAe jovAmAM Ave che. AthI karIne prathama darzane ema jaNAya che ke, azoke je "maranA" zabda vAparyo che te bAddhasAhityamAna e ja arthavALo (=saDhava) zabda ja hovuM joIe. paraMtu bauddhasAhityamAM traNa prakAranA 'mArava' gaNAvelA che -(1) mAnava ( ratino AnaMda); (2) mAvANA (astitvane prema); ane (3) vikAsa (avidyAnI azuddhi). keIka prasaMge vicArava (vidhamIpaNuM) nAmaka ceAtho sAva paNa AmAM UmeravAmAM Ave che. paraMtu azake pAMca prakAranA maNirava gaNAvalA che; ane te paNa taddana jUdA ja prakAranA che. ApaNe prathama joI gayA chIe tema, "chaMda; niSpharatA; krodha; mAna ane IrSA': e pAMca mahinA azoke gaNAvelA che. AthI karIne ApaNe e nizcaya karI zakIe chIe ke, azoka pote bauddhapaMthI hato te paNa- ane sattA tathA ArinA dekhItI rIte eka ja che to paNa - bauddhapaMthI "sArane te anusaryo nathI, Ama che to pachI teNe potAnA mArinane vicAra zemAMthI meLavyo haze? byulara sAhebe kahyuM che ke, "jainasAhityamAM "gaog" zabda che te "garinAne barAbara maLI Ave che, ane "maNinA' zabdanI mAphaka "mavgya' zabda paNa dhamAku' dhAtumAMthI vyutpanna thaele che." vadhArAmAM te kahe che ke, ""' ne lagatA piyasine siddhAMta bauddhasAhityamAMnA traNa prakAranA ke cAra prakAranA mAnava 1. e. I, pu. 2, pR. 250.

Page #140
118 ne lagatA siddhAMtane maLatA AvatA nathI, paNu jainasAhityamAMna 'anya 'ne lagatA siddhAMtane vadhAre maLatA Ave che. jIvAnI hiMsA: jUThANuM; cArI;ziyaLanA abhAva; ane ahika vastuonA meAha : e saunA samAveza 'aca'mAM karavAmAM Ave che.'vyutpattinA daSTibiMduthI jotAM azokanA 'Asanava' zabda jainasAhityamAMnA 'anya' rAkhtane vadhAre maLatA Ave che, paNa bauddhasAhityamAMnA 'Alaya' zabdane AchA ja maLatA Ave che : eTaluM byulara sAhebanuM kathana kharAkhara lAge che; paNa azoke gaNAvelA 'jJAttiva 'jainasAhityamAMnA ' saca 'te vadhAre maLatA Ave che, ema myuhala sAheba zAthI kahe che : e barAbara samajAtuM nathI. paraMtu yudghara sAhebanI mAnyatA khATI che, ema samajavAnuM nathI. emaNe ApelA purA emanA potAnA matathyane TakA ApI zakatA nathI, eTalI ja khAmI emAM rahelI che. ahIM ApaNe tA eTaluM ja dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, peAtAnA trIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM azAMke 'pApa'no paNa ullekha karelo che- ane te paNa ' gattinaya ' nI sAthesAthe ja- ane e tethI dUra rahevAnI bAbatamAM ApaNane teNe Adha ApelA che. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakaranuM matavya evuM che ke, bauddhapathanI matAdharmavidyAnA daSTibiMduthI jotAM, ' pApa ' ane attinaya '( sava ) zabda embIjAnI sAthesAthe vaparAtA. nathI, ane temanI vacce pharaka paNa batAvavAmAM AvatA nathI. paraMtu jainapa McanA tattvajJAnamAM AvI jAtaneA bheda darzAvavAmAM Ave che, e jainasAhityanA abhyArsI sArI rIte jANe che. jainasAhityamAM aDhAra prakAranAM ' pApa ' gaNAvelAM che, ane khetALIsa prakAranA 'Azraya' paNa gaNAvelA che. 1 e be prakAranI yAdIomAM 1. misisa sTIvansana kRta "hArTa Ak jainIjhama " ( jainapathanuM hArda ), pR. 302 ane AgaLa tathA pR. 305 ane ALa, pApa''nI ane lava 'nI AvI tulanAtmaka gaNanA bauddhasAhityamAM jovAmAM * " tr C AvatI nathI. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ' www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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19 'ASA' nAmaka cAra durgaNa sAmAnya che. temAMnA be duguNanAM nAma " pa" ane "mAna" che. 1 azake paNa e ja durgaNe gaNavelA che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. vaLI, aze ke "kyA" vApare che te jainasAhityamAMnI pApanI yAdImAM " " athavA " " tarIke dekhA de che. mAtra azokanA "jahi ne ane "nizuddhi ane patte kaI ThekANe lAgato nathI. tema chatAM paNa " a" mAM je "hiMsA" zabda vaparAyo che temAM e be durNone samAveza thaI jAya che, ema ApaNe kahI zakIe. "TrunI ane "sAnigha' (mannA)nI vacce bheda batAvavAmAM Avelo che, ane jenasAhityamAMnA nidAna traNa durgaNone ullekha karavAmAM AvyuM che : e hakIkata dhyAnamAM letAM koI paNa vAcakanI eTalI te khAtrI thaze ke, jenapaMthamAMnA keTalAka manovicAra azoke ghaNuM karIne lIdhelA ane potAnA ja karI lIdhelA. vaLI, eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, zarUAtanA jainasAhityamAM mAtra "magya' zabda ja jovAmAM nathI Avato, paNa "mArA ane "gharAva" zabda paNa jovAmAM Ave che; ane e badhA zabdone artha ekasarakho ja thAya che. vaLI, "I ne maLato ane "sa "nuM prAcInatara rUpa darzAvato - vinava" zabda azoke vAparyo che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa parivAra ne maLato ja "parivara" zabda paNa teNe vAparyo che e hakIkatanI sAthe 1. bauddhapaMthamAM AmAMnA keTalAka durgaNa gaNAvelA che, paNa temane samAveza "bhAvamAM ke pApa' mAM nathI thatuM, paNa rimAM thAya che. 2. bauddha sAhityamAM paNa A be zabdo jevAmAM Ave che. paNa janasAhityamAM azokanA "marinarazabdane maLatuM je "advaya zabda che tene maLate koI paNa zabda bauddha sAhityamAMthI maLI Avate nathI. bauddha sAhityamAM "savIrava zabda levAmAM Ave che te mariva' zabdanA badalAmAM bhUlathI vaparAyo haze?

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120 paNa upalI hakIkatanA meLa bese che. A badhI carcAnA AdhAre ApaNe eTaluM samajI zakIe chIe ke azAka pAte bauddhupacane sAceA anuyAyI hatA tA pazu te eTalA udAra dilanA hatA ke, jainapaMthanA jevA anya pathAnA abhyAsa paNa teNe karyAM hateA, ane e pathamAMnAM je tattvA tene potAne anukULa lAgelAM te tattvone upayAga peAtAnA kAme teNe karelA hatA. jUdAdA prakAranA jIvane uddezIne teNe je zabdo vAparyAM che temane vicAra karatAM paNa AvA ja nirNaya thai zake che. teNe 'jhIva ' tathA 'pALa' tema ja 'bhUta' ane 'jJAta ' zabda e arthe vAparelA che. jainasAhityamAMnA . 2( > AcAraMgasutta " mAM` vaparAyelA ' pALA ' tathA 'mULa'tema ja " rIvA' ane 'sattA zabda AthI ApaNane yAda nathI AvatA zuM ! alabatta, ema kahI zakAya ke, teNe kAI paNa prasa Mge A badhA zabdo bhegA nathI vAparyAM; ane tethI karIne temanI vaccenA bheda batAvavAne tenA irAde nahi hoya. paraMtu potAnA nItiniyamA gaNAvatAM 'attaramo kALanaM" ane pravittiA sUtAna' vAkaya vArIne aA nidAna 'mUrta 'nI ane ' prALa 'nI vaccenA bheda batAvelA che, enI nA teA kAthI na kahI zakAya. bauddhasAhityamAM kAi paNa sthaLe 'Akha 'nI ane bhUta 'nI vaccenA bheda jaNAvelA nathI; jainasAhityamAM te e bannenI vaccenA bheda batAlA che eTaluM ja nahiM, paNa ' nIva' zabdathI ane ttatta' zabdathI e banne zabdone jUdA gaNelA che. : ' paNa ahIM have eve savAla upasthita thAya che ke, bIjA paMthenI pratyenuM azAkanu valaNa kevA prakAranuM hatuM ? ApaNe agAu joi gayA chIe tema, peAtAnA sAtamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azeka ema kabUla kare che ke, sa` pASA sayama ane bhAvazuddhi icche che; ane tenA peAtAnA rAjyamAM game tyAM teo vase, ema paNa te 1. se. jI. i., pu. 22, pR 36 ane TIkA 1.

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Icche che. pitAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM A bAbatanuM spaSTIkaraNa teNe kareluM che. teNe kahyuM che ke, je dharmane upadeza te pote kare che te ukta pAkhaMDoe upadezela ja dharma che. pitAnA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te vadhArAmAM ema paNa kahe che ke, badhA lekee ekabIjAnA dharmane sAMbhaLave, ane te rIte tenA sAranI vRddhi karavI. tenA dharmamAM mukhyata: bauddhatattva vizeSa che te paNa (upara ApaNe jaNAvI gayA tema) temAM jenapaMthanA jevA bIjA panuM tattva paNa jovAmAM Ave che : e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, azoka je lakhata te ja kahevA mAgato hato. vividha paMthanI pratye tenA mananI vRtti AvA prakAranI che to pachI, sarva paMthanA bhikSuonI ane gRhasthAzramIonI vacce bheda pADyA vinA saune te dAnathI ane bahumAnathI navAjato, ema te pite kahe che te mAnI zakAya tema che. ApaNuM A mAnyatAne bIjI rIte paDyuM puSTi maLe che. brAhmaNone ane zramaNone -eTale ke, bauddhapaMtha sivAyanA bIjA abrAhmaNa 5 thanA lekene ja nahi, paNa sarva brAhmaNa paMthanA lekene bahumAna ane dAna ApavAM, e dharmanuM eka aMga cheH ema te gaNato hato. sarve paMthanA lokonuM mAtra bauddhasaMghanuM ja nahi, paNa nircAnuM tema ja brAhmaNa AjIvanuM, ane evA bIjA saunuM- bhautika tema ja adhyAtmika sukha vadhAravuM. e hukama pitAnA dharmamahAmAtrane paNa teNe karyo hato. sarve panI pratyenI tenI atyaMta sahiSNu vRttinI sAthe (pitAnA pahelA mukhya zilAlekhamAM teNe kahyuM che tema) prANIonA vadhanI teNe karelI baMdhIne meLa mAtra dekhItI rIte besato nathI. A bAbatamAM ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, brAhmaNone udezIne ukta prakAranuM pagaluM teNe kareluM hatuM, ane tenA pahelA gauNa zilAlekhamAMno eka phakare A kathanane puSTi Ape che. paraMtu e phakarAmAM brAhmaNonI pratyenA azokanA virodhane artha rahelo che, evo artha te kaI paNa ziSTa

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122 vidvAna have karatA nathI. azokanA pahelA mukhya zilAlekhanA saMbaMdhamAM eTaluM to sau kabUla kare che ke, azeke vadhanI baMdhI karelI tene ullekha emAM che, e vAta kharI; paraMtu tenA pitAnA ja rAjamahelamAM thatA vadhanI ja baMdhI teNe karelI nahi, paNa sarvatra thatA vadhanI baMdhI teNe karelI, evuM ethI jarA paNa spaSTa thatuM nathI. teNe pitAnA AkhA sAmrAjyamAM thatA vadhanI baMdhI karelI, ema ApaNe ghaDIbhara mAnI laIe to paNa tethI brAhmaNadharmanI pratyene tene vidha khAsa karIne siddha thato nathI. brAhmaNanAM keTalAMka kRtipustake(upaniSado)mAM 1 jIvahiMsAnI viruddhamAM ane ahiMsAnI tarapheNamAM bahu ja spaSTa bhASAmAM lakhANa kareluM che, e ApaNe bhUlavuM joItuM nathI. pAMcamuM prakaraNa dharmopadezaka aze. bauddhapathI azokanI oLakhANa ApaNe karI gayA. vaLI, teNe je dharmane upadeza karela te sarva paMthono sAdo dharma na hato, paNa upAsakane mATe baddhipathe TharAvI ApelAM satkarmone saMgraha hataH ema paNa ApaNe joI gayA. dharmane vadhAravAnI ane phelAvavAnI bAbatamAM azake zAM pagalAM lIdhelAM? e have ApaNe vicArazuM. dharmapravartaka tarIke teNe kevA prakAranI ane keTalA pramANamAM pravRtti karI hatI ? enI carcA ApaNe karazuM. ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe ke, pitAnA rAjakALanA AThamA varSamAM teNe bauddhapaMthane savIkAra kare. aDhI varSa lagI te upAsaka ja rahele; ane te pote ja kahe che tema, e aDhI virSanA gALAmAM teNe dharmanI bAbatamAM kAMI jahemata UThAvelI nahi. paraMtu tyArapachI tenAmAM jabaro pheraphAra thayo, ane potAnA 1. ja. e. se. be, 1920, pR. 307.

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123 rAjakALanA dasamA varSanA madhyabhAganA arasAmAM te bhikSugatika banyo.tyArapachI pUruM eka varSa paNa nahi vItyuM hoya eTalAmAM to teNe eTalI badhI jahemata uThAvI dIdhelI ke, pote karelA kAmanuM bhavya varNana ApatAM tene garva caDhato hato. pitAnA pahelA gANa zilAlekhamAM ane cothA mukhya zilAlekhamAM teNe ukta varNana kareluM che. pitAnA pahelA zaiNu zilAlekhamAM pitAnA adhikArIone udezIne te kahe che ke, "A mudatanA daramyAnamAM (eTale ke, je mudatanA daramyAnamAM te pote bhikSugatika hatuM te mudatanA daramyAnamAM) jaMbudIpamAMnA je manuSya devonI sAthe) mitha thayA na hatA te devonI sAthe mizra thayA. parAkramanuM phaLa A che. mAtra upalI keTInAe ja A meLavavAnuM nathI. paNa kharekhara nIcalI karIne parAkrama kare te (lekIne) puSkaLa svargIya sukha apAvI zake che." azake pitAnA dharmopadezakAryanAM pariNAmanuM varNana be rIte ukta lekhamAM kareluM che -(1) teNe devone ane manuSyone ekabIjAnA gaThiyA banAvyA hatA, ema te kahe che; ane (2) ethI karIne lekene puSkaLa svarga sukha maLaze, ema paNa te kahe che. azekanA kathanane bhAvArtha kadAca e haze ke, dharmopadezaka tarIkenA tenA pitAnA kAryathI aneka leke eTalA badhA pavitra ane dhamika thaI gayA. che ke, teo paikInA keTalAka loke pitAnA maraNanI pachI deve tarIke avataryA che ane devenI sAthe mizra thaI gayA che, ane je keTalAka leke jIvaMta che te leke paNa potAnA AvatA janmamAM evA ja sukhane pAmaze. have evo savAla pUchI zakAya ke, sumAre eka ja varSanA gALAmAM azoka AvAM ajAyabIbharyA pariNAme zI rIte sAdhI zakyo? e savAlano javAba azokanA cothA mukhya zilAlekhamAMthI maLI Ave che. pitAnA parAkramanuM achuM varNana teNe temAM kareluM che. gayA prakaraNamAM ApaNe joi gayA tema, ukta lekhamAM azoka pite kahe che ke, vimAnenuM tathA

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124 hAthIonuM ane agniska dhonuM pradarzana lekane karIne teNe lekamAM dharmane piSyo ane phelAvyA hatA. AvatA bhavamAM dharmiSTa leke deva tarIke janma le te vakhate e jAtanAM svargasukha temane maLe, ema azoka kahe che. AthI karIne dharmane jAgrata ane vikasita karavAnA hetuthI azeke bhareluM paheluM pagaluM ApaNe vicAravuM joIe che. vividha prakAranA devanAM darzana tema ja vividha prakAranAM je sukhane anubhava karI zakAte te sukhanAM darzana azake pitAnI prajAne karAvyAM hatAM. gayA prakaraNamAM ApaNe evuM sUcana karI gayA chIe ke, je samAjemAM lekene khAnapAnane AnaMda ApavAmAM Ava (je samAjane azoka pite tucchakArI kADhata) te - samAjamAM azoke ukta prakAranAM darzana karAvyAM nahi hoya, paNa je samAjamAM lekIne vividha dekhAvothI tathA saMgItathI ane nRtyathI khuza karavAmAM AvatA hatA (je samAjenA upara azokanI mIThI najara rahetI hatI) te samAjamAM ukta prakAranAM darzana azoke karAvyAM haze. AthI karIne ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe ke, dharmopadezaka tarIkenI pitAnI kArakIrdIinI zarUAtanA samayamAM azake prathama te vividha prakAranA devenuM tathA temanA prakAzamaya caherAonuM ane temanA ThAThamAThamAM ane temanI bhavyatAmAM vRddhi karanAra temanA svagIya mahelanuM tema ja AkAzagAmI hAthIonuM ane evAM anya dasthAnuM pradarzana potAnI prajAne karyuM haze. AvuM pradarzana keTalA samaya sudhI teNe jArI rAkheluM, e ApaNe jANatA nathI. tema chatAM paNa, kadAca pitAnA AkhA rAjakALanA gALAmAM tevuM pradarzana karavAnuM teNe cAlu rAkhyuM haze; kAraNa ke, tethI karIne be prakAranI asara te jarUra thatI hatIH-(1) lekane AnaMda maLato hato; ane (2) leke dharmaparAyaNa jIvana gALavAne prerAtA hatA. paraMtu sumAre eka varSa lagI te pote bhikSugatika tarIkenuM jIvana gALato hato te samayamAM te jarUra te AvA pradarzananA

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125 kAmamAM mazagula rahyo hato. eka varSane samaya kAMI bahu na gaNAyatema chatAM paNa teTalA samayamAM AvA prakAranI pravRttithI dharmanA vikAsane eTalI badhI gati maLI gaI hatI ke, tenA pitAnA samayanA pahelAM kadi paNa eTalo dharmavikAsa thavA pAmela nahi, ema azaka pite kharA dilathI mAnato hato. azake je svargIya sukhane ullekha kare che temanuM achuM varNana "vimAnagnAmaka pAligraMthamAM karavAmAM AveluM che, ema agAu ApaNe joI gayA chIe. bahu dUradazI paNAthI bhAra daIne temanuM varNana e graMthamAM karavAmAM AveluM che te evA hetuthI ke, leke pavitra ane dharmapara jIvana gALavAne prerAya buddha bhagavAnanA paTTa (mAnItA) ziSya ane namUnedAra dharmopadezaka megalAnane lagatI je kathA bauddhagraMthomAM varNavavAmAM AvelI che te AnA saMbaMdhamAM dhyAnamAM levAlAyaka che. megyulAne eTalA badhA lokene bauddha paMthanA anuyAyI banAvI dIdhA hatA ke, bIjA dharmanA upadezakene tenI IrSA AvI, ane temaNe tenuM nikaMdana karavAnA kAme vadhakArane bhADe rAkhyA. paraMtu dharmo dezaka tarIkenI me galAnanI pravRttinuM rahasya zuM hatuM? ema kahevAya che ke, Adhibhautika zakti tene eTalI badhI vazavartI rahetI hatI- arthAta tenI yogasAdhanA eTalI badhI saMpUrNatAe pahocelI hatI ke, te svargamAM jato ane devone maLatA. "tame kevI rIte devatvane pAmyA ?" e savAla dareka devane tyAM te pUchato. dareka deva tene e javAba Apato ke, "meM amuka amuka karma karyA hatAM tethI mane amuka prakAranuM devatva maLyuM che." te ja pramANe te narkamAM jato, ane tyAMnA kamanasI na lekene temanAM pitAnAM duHkhanI kahANInI bAbatamAM te pUchaparacha karatA. tyArapachI te pRthInI upara pAchA pharane ane 1. "paMmapadanuM bhASya, 3, 65 (pA.Te te); jAtakane prAstAvika graMtha, pR. para2.

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1ra6 lekene potAnA anubhava kahI batAva. jokeAnA mananI upara AnI eTalI badhI asara thatI ke, ToLAbaMdha leke tenI AsapAsa pharI vaLatA, ane tenA hAthe teo bauddhapaMthanI dIkSA letA. megyulAnanI A vAta ghaNuM karIne azokanA jANavAmAM hatI. azokane ukta vAtanI khabara ja na hatI, ema ApaNe ghaDIbhara mAnI laIe te paNuM, "rimAnag" mAM tema ja anya graMthomAM vividha prakAranAM gIya sukhasAdhananuM je sacoTa varNana jovAmAM AvatuM hatuM te varNana upaga karI laIne tene AcAramAM mukavAnA hetuthI vimAne tathA hAthIo ane evAM anya do taiyAra karAvavAM, ane samAjamAM saMkhyAbaMdha ke bhegA thayA hoya tevA prasaMge tenuM pradarzana karavuM ? evI kalpanA azokanA jevA vicArI ane utsAhI dharmopadezakane svAbhAvika rIte Ave, ema te ApaNe kahI zakIe. kayA sadAcArathI svarga maLe che, ane kayA durAcArathI nake maLe che. enuM varNana mAtra moTethI ja karI banAvIne mogalAna aneka lekene pitAnA anuyAyI karI zakato hato. te pachI svarganuM tema ja svargamAM bhogavavAnAM vividha sukhanuM mAtra moDhAnuM ja vana potAnI prajAne karanAra nahi, paNa mRtimaMta rUpe temanuM pradarzana piotAnI prajA samakSa rajU karanAra azekanA keTalA badhA anuyAyIo thayA haze, vArU? Azare eka varSanI TUMkI mudatamAM azokanA AvA sukalpita ane suvyavasthita tema ja susAdhita dharmopadezakAryanAM AvA aNadhAryA ane acaMbo pamADanArAM pariNAma AvyAM, emAM kAMI navAI pAmavAnuM kAraNa nathI. . pitAnA hetune bara lAvavAnA kAme aze ke bIjA paNa keTalAka upAyo yojyA hatA. ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe ke, bhikSugatika tarIkenI pitAnI kArakIrdinI zarUAtanA samayamAM ja dharmayAtrAnI yojanA karIne teNe tene amalamAM mukI hatI. te pote pitAnA AThamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahe che ke, "lAMbA kALanA

Page #149
17 daramyAnamAM rAjAo vihArayAtrA karavA jatA. ahIM zikAra ane evA ja bIjA abhirAma thatA. have devone lADako priyadarzI rAjA pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekane dasa varSa vItyAM tyAre saMbodhitabadhivRkSa)nI kane gaye. Ama A dharmayAtrA (sthApita thaI), ahIM A thAya che -brAhmaNa ane zramaNa sAdhuonAM darzana ane temane dAna, vRddha lokonAM darzana ane temane sonAnAM dAna ane prAMtanA lokonAM darzana ane temane dharmopadeza tathA temanI sAthe dharmanI carcA." ahIM azoka ApaNane ema kahe che ke, potAnA rAjakALanA dasamA varSa sudhI to te pite paNa pahelAMnA rAjAonI mAphaka nivRtti meLavavAnA hetuthI vihArayAtrA karavA jato, ane tyAM te zikAra karatAM tema ja bIjA AtaMtsava ujavato. e varSamAM teNe "vihArayAtrA" nA vicArane sadAne mATe pAcuM ApyuM, ane tenA badalAmAM "dharmayAtrAnI zarUAta teNe karI dIdhI. e kALathI tene e jAtanI yAtrAmAM ja nivRtti maLavA lAgI. dharmayAtrAnA pariNAmamAM dharmapracAra paNa te karI zake. brAhmaNujAtinA ane zramaNujAtinA sAdhuonAM darzana karIne ane temane dAna ApIne te pitAmAM ja dharmane vikAsa karavA lAge. ukta dharmayAtrAonA prasaMge teNe dareka paMthanA dharmanuM zravaNuM ane adhyayana karyuM haze ane tenAM vizeSa tattvonuM grahaNa karI lIdhuM haze, ane e rIte te bahuzruta thayo haze : ema kahI zakAya che. lokone aMgata paricaya sAdhIne tema ja temane dharmane upadeza karIne ane temanA dharmavikAsanI bAbatamAM temanI sAthe carcA karIne teNe temanAmAM dharmane pracAra karyo. ApaNe TUMkamAM kahIe to, azoka kharekhara dharmopadezaka banI gayo. paraMtu Ama kayAre ane kevI rIte banyuM? pitAnA rAjakALanA dasamA varSamAM teNe bodhivRkSanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyArathI te kharekhara dharmopadezaka banI gayo. teNe bodhivRkSanI mulAkAta lIdhI, e ja tenI pahelavahelI dharmayAtrA hatI.

Page #150
1ra8 e ja samaye te bhikSugatika banyo hato tethI karIne ApaNe evuM anumAna karI zakIe chIe ke, bhikSuonA saMghane pitAnI sAthe rAkhIne teNe mahAbodhibodhivRkSa)nI mulAkAta lIdhI te ja vakhate bhikSugatika tarIkenI tenI kArakIrdiInI zarUAta thaI hatI. pitAnI jAtane tema ja pitAnI prajAne je anekavidha AdhyAtmika lAbha thatA hatA temano vicAra karIne teNe pharIpharIne dharmayAtrAe javAne nizcaya karyo, ane e rIte dharmopadezane lagatA pitAnA kAryakramamAM evI dharmayAtrAne kAyamanuM sthAna teNe ApI dIdhuM. AthI karIne ApaNe khuzIthI ema kahI zakIe ke, svargIya sAdhanonuM ane temanA paNAmamAM maLatAM sukhanuM je pradarzana azoka pite karato hato tenI sAthesAthe ja dharmapracAra karavAnA hetuthI te lekene jAte ja dharmopadeza paNa karatA hatA. pinAnI prajAne dharmane upadeza karavAnuM kAma rAjA pote ja UpADI le che, e joine lekanA mananI upara ghaNI UMDI chApa paDI haze; ane e ja kAraNathI sarva dizAmAM dharmapracAra thaI zako haze. paraMtu Akhare to azoka pote eka ja hato; ane tethI, badhA lokone aMgata paricaya te pote karI zake, e banI zake ja nahi. AthI karIne tenA pitAnA pagale cAlavAnI bAbatamAM tema ja teNe pite ja zarU karelA kAmane pUruM karavAmAM tene pitAne madadarUpa thavAnI bAbatamAM pitAnA pratinidhione (amaladArone) hukama karavAnI jarUra azokane jaNAI hatI. tene sAtamo mukhya staMbhalekha jotAM A vAta spaSTa thAya che. potAnA rAjakALanA sattAvAsamAM varSa sudhImAM pite pAra pADelA samasta kAmanuM siMhAvalena potAnA ukta staMbhalekhamAM teNe kareluM che tethI karIne pitAnA hetune bara lAvavAnA kAme teNe pote je vividha upAyo yojelA ane karelA te upAyonuM varNana svAbhAvika rIte teNe temAM kareluM che. pitAnI prajAmAM dharmano pracAra thAya, e bAbatanI je

Page #151
129 tIvra IrachA kharA aMta:karaNathI te pote rAkhato hato te IcchAnuM suMdara kathana ukta staMbhalekhanI zarUAtanA bhAgamAM teNe kareluM che. teNe je zabda temAM vAparelA che te zabdomAM tenA aMtaranA UMDANanI dhagazanI jhAMkhI thatI hovAthI te zabdo ja ahIM UtAravA, e ja yogya thaI paDaze - mane Ama lAgyuM - bhUtakALamAM rAjAoe ema icacheluM ke, anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe leke AgaLa vadhe. paNa anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe leke AgaLa vadhyA nahi. te pachI kevI rIte leke (dharmane) anusaratA thAya ? anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe loke kevI rIte AgaLa vadhe che dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe temanAmAMnA keTalAkane huM kevI rIte unnata kare...mane Ama sUjhayuM - huM dharmazrAvaNa saMbhaLAvIza. huM dharmopadeza karAvIza. le te sAMbhaLIne tema vartaze, pitAnI jAtane unnata karaze, ane dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe khUba AgaLa vadhaze." upara phakare vAMcatAM eTaluM to spaSTa thAya che ke, dharma pracArano savAla lAMbA vakhatathI azokanA magajamAM ghoLAyAM karato hato. bahu ja gaMbhIratAthI ane atizaya kALajIthI te e bAbatane vicAra lAMbA vakhatathI karyA karate hate. dharmapracArane vicAra karanAra te pote ja pahelavahelo rAjA na ho, ema to azoka pite ja kharA jigarathI kabUla karI de che. paraMtu tenI potAnI pahelAM thaI gaelA rAjAone pitAnA evA prayatnamAM kAMI khAsa phateha maLavA pAmI na hatI, e bAbatane pUrepUro vicAra karIne chevaTe teNe pitAne kAryakrama nakkI karyo, ane pitAnA iSTa hetune bara lAvavAnA kAme te kAryakramane amalamAM mukavAno nizcaya teNe karyo. teNe pite je upAyo yojelA te upAyo paikInA ghaNA kharA upAyo ukta staMbhalekhamAM teNe gaNavelA che. temAM dharmopadeza agrasthAna bhave che. vadhArAmAM azoka kahe che ke, lokone dharmopadeza karavAne

Page #152
130 lagato hukama seMkaDo ane hajAre manuSyanA uri tarIke nImAelA vyaSTone ane rajajukone paNa karavAmAM Avela hato. pitAnA trIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM AnA karatAM kAMIka vadhAre vigatavAra mAhitI teNe ApaNane ApelI che. te kahe che ke, lekene dharmano upadeza karavAnA hetuthI tathA pitAnI dainika pharajene adA karavAnA hetuthI dara pAMca varSe pheraNInI yAtrAe nIkaLI paDavAne lagate hukama potAnA rajajune tema ja prAdezikAne ane yuktone pitAnA rAjakALanA bAramA varSamAM teNe karyo hato. kayA kayA prakArane dharmopadeza lekenA magajamAM teo ThasAvatA haze? azake pitAnA dharmamAM je nItikarmono samAveza karelo te nItikarmone ja upadeza e amaladAro, prajAne karatA haze. ApaNe agAu vAMcI gayA chIe tema, rajajuke tathA prAdezike tema ja yukto UMcI padavI bhogavatA vahIvaTadAra hatA, ane mahAlomAM pharatA rahIne potapotAnI pharajo bajAvavAnuM kAma temane soMpAeluM hatuM. amuka amuka mudate karavAmAM AvatI pheraNInA samaye teo pota potAnuM dainika kAmakAja saMbhALatA eTaluM ja nahi, paNa azokanA huksane anusarIne azokanI pitAnI mAphaka dharmopadezaka tarIkenuM kAma paNa teo karatA, ane prAMtamAM vasatA lokone dharmano upadeza teo karatA. e rIte jotAM, upalI pAyarInA azokanA vahIvaTadAre amaladAra hatA tema upadezako paNa hatA. dharmapracAra lagatI navIna ja paddhati azokanA phaLa 5 bhejAmAMthI ubhI hatI, emAM to kAMI paNa zaMkA nathI. A vicAra azokanA pitAno ja hato. tenI pahelAM thaI gaelA kaI paNa rAjAe ene amala karyo hoya, evuM jANavAmAM nathI. mAtra pAchaLathe A ja dezamAM phiraMgIonuM rAjya thayuM te samaye meTAmAM meTA A 66 - upadezaka tarIkenuM kAma tema ja rAjyakArabhArane lagate hai. makAja karatA hatA, ema jaNAya che. 1. je. ema. mapheilakata azaka', pR. 48.

Page #153
131 potAnA dharmanA pracAra karavAnA kAme mAtra dharmopadezanA ja upayAga azoke karelo nahiM. azAkanA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM jaNAvyuM che tema, rajjukAne tema ja byuTaiAne dhammapadezanu kAma soMpAyu hatuM tenI sAthesAthe dharmazrAvaNA karavAnuM kAma soMpAyuM hatuM. dharmAMtrAvazeAnA be prakAra hatAH(1) mahAlAnA vahIvaTadArAne karAvavAnAM zrAvA; ane (2) lokone karAvavAnAM zrAvaNeA. e zrAvaNAmAM rAjA azAkanI IcchAne! ane tenA nizcayane gheSa karavAmAM AvatA hatA. azAkanAM pahelA gauNa zilAlekhamAM pahelA prakAranA zrAvaNanA dAkhalA noMdhAelA che. ApaNe agAu joi gayA tema, uta zilAlekhamAM azAka kahe che ke, jyAMsudhI te pAte bhikSugatika rahyo hatA tyAMsudhI teNe lAkone sva apAvavAnA hetuthI dezane ane lokAneA samAgama karAvavAnI bAbatamAM pAtAthI banatuM karyuM hatu. A bAbatamAM te pote je prayatnA karatA te prayatnAne teha maLatI joine tene evI paNa icchA thai hatI ke, tenA potAnA sarve amaladArA tema ja svataMtra pADeAsIe te ja pramANe varte te| ThIka. AthI karIne peAtAnA byuTeAnI mAraphate teNe evA hetunAM zrAvaNAnA vaiSa karAvyA hatA. te ja pramANe jUdAjUdA prakAranA pASaDAnI pratye sahanazIlatA dAkhavavAne kheAdha karatA azeAkanA bAramA mukhya zikSAlekhamAM kahyuM che ke, "je kalANA ane DhIkaNA pASaMDathI prasanna hoya temane kahevuM joie ke, ' sa` pADAmAM sAranI vRddhi thAya ane paraspara vakhANu thAya, e devAne lADakAne jevAM lAge che tevAM dAna ke pUjA lAgatAM nathI. azekinI A icchAnI mAhitI prajAne kevI rIte ApavAmAM AvatI ? dharmezrAvaNA karAvIne azAka potAnI IcchA jaNAvatA. ukta baMneprakAranAM zrAvaNAmAM dharmavRddhinA Azaya rahelA che; ane tethI temane dhazrAvaNA' khuzIthI kahI zakAya. e rIte jotAM potAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM azoka petei kahe 9 39

Page #154
13ra che tema, dharmane pracAra karavAnA kAme teNe pAte yojelA upAyo paikInA bIjA upAya tarIke dharmazrAvaNone paNa gaNAvI zakAya. dharmapracAranA kAme azake yojelA upAye paikI trIjA upAyanuM nAma "dharmamahAmAnI lejanA che. ApaNe prathama vAMcI gayA chIe ke, prajAnA Adhibhautika tema ja bhautika hitanI siddhinuM kAma ukta amaladArone soMpavAmAM AveluM hatuM. prajAnuM bhautika sukha kevI rIte teo sAdhatA, e bIjA prakaraNamAM ApaNe kahI gayA chIe. dharmavRddhinA kAme azAka temane upayoga kevI rIte. karato, e ahIM ApaNe jovAnuM che. gayA prakaraNamAM ApaNe kahI gayA chIe ke, azokanA vakhatamAM vividha pAkhaMDanI vacce kAMI khAsa samabhAva ke banAva na hatuM. dharmanAM Avazyaka tane lagato sarva pASAno upadeza lagabhaga maLato Avato hato; paNa dharma ane lagatI bAbatomAM temanI vacce bahu matabheda jovAmAM AvatA hata. dharmanA sAra rUpa sarvasAdhAraNa tane leke gaNakAratA na hatA. dharmanAM Avazyaka ta rUpa asaMbaddha bAbatonA saMbaMdhamAM temanI vacce bebanAva thato. AvuM havAthI dharmanAM Avazyaka tenI pratye lokonuM dhyAna kheMcavAnI tema ja kaDavAza ane laDavADa naSTa karavAnI khAsa jarUra upasthita thaI hatI. A kAma potAnA dharmamahAmAtrane azake sepyuM hatuM. tenA pitAnA samasta rAjyamAM vasatA badhA pAkhaMDanA lekanIkhAsa karIne, brahalAnI tathA AchavAnI ane nircAnI-vacamAM rahIne dharma mahAmAtro pitAnuM ukta kAma karatA hatA. ema thavAthI dareka pAuMDanI vRddhi thaze ane dharmanuM vadhAre uddIpana paNa thaze, evI AzA azokane rahetI hatI. dharmapracAranA saMbaMdhamAM khAsa mahattvanI ukta pharaja adA karavAnuM kAma dharmamahAmAtrAne soMpAyuM hatuM. vaLI, teone bIjI paNa eka pharajanI soMpaNI thaelI hatI. dAkhalA tarIke, dAnanI vyavasthA karavAnI pharaja paNa temanA mAthe nAkhavAmAM AvatI hatI. paraMtu dharmavikAsanA AzayathI azAke yojelA upAya paikInA cothA upAyanI noMdha ApaNe na laI laIe tyAM sudhI

Page #155
133 dharmamahAmAtranI ukta navIna pharajane khyAla ApaNane AvI zake nahi. azekanI dharmalipiona aThaMga abhyAsI eTaluM to jANe che ke, pote karelAM paropakAranAM kAme gaNAvavAno zokha azokane bahu hatuM. paraMtu e rIte AtmaprazaMsA karavAne ke potAnA kAmanI jAherAta karavAno Azaya teno na hato. tenA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAne nIcene phakare A vAta spaSTa kare che - "rastAmAM meM vaDanAM jhADa ropAvelAM che. teo manuSyone ane pazuone chAMyaDo Apaze. meM AMbAvADIo pAvelI che. meM dara ATha kese kUvA khodAvelA che, ane meM ArAmagRhe baMdhAvelAM che. manuSyonA ane pazuonA upabhogane mATe meM vividha sthaLe ghaNuM thANuM baMdhAvelAM che. paraMtu A pratibhega(nI vyavasthA) kharekhara navI che; kAraNa ke, mArI pahelAM thaI gaelA rAjAoe paNa AvAM aneka sukhasAdhanAthI lokone sukhI karyA che. paNa meM evA hetuthI Ama karyuM che ke, leka dharmAcaraNa kare." e rIte azoka pite kharA dilathI kabUla kare che ke, pazuone mATe tema ja manuSyone mATe teNe pote je vividha sukhasAdhane yojelAM te sukhasAdhane yojanAra mAtra te pote ja na hato. tenI pahelAM thaI gaelA rAjAoe paNa pitAnI e pharaja adA karI hatI, ema te pote ja kabUle che. ahIM koI pUchaze ke, Ama hatuM te pachI pitAnAM paropakAraviSayaka kAmono DhaDhero pITavAnI azokane zI jarUra hatI ? e savAlano javAba azoka piote ja Ape che. bIjA loko tenA pitAnA dAkhalAne anusarIne varte, evA hetuthI teNe te pramANe karyuM hatuM. azokano A ja Azaya haze, emAM koI zaMkA nathI; kAraNa ke, turata ja pitAnA ukta lekhamAM te pite pharIthI kahe che ke, "meM je kAMI sAdhukarmo karyA che temane loko anusaryA che, ane teo (bhaviSyamAM) tema karaze." paraMtu

Page #156
134 eTalAthI ja azoka aTako nathI. pote je paropakAranAM kAme karI rahyo hato te popakAranAM kAmamAM tenA pitAnA rAjakuTuMbanAM mANaso paNa joDAya ane aMtaHkaraNapUrvaka sahakArya kare, ema paNa te irachato hato. AthI karIne teNe pitAnA dharmamahAmAtrone evI sUcanA karI hatI ke, temaNe rAjakuTuMbanAM strIpuruSone maLavuM ane dAnane mATe nANuM ApavAnuM temane kahevuM. "A (eTale ke, dharmamahAmAtra) ane bIjA ghaNuM mukhya adhikArIo mArAM ane bAja zu devIonAM dAnanI vahecaNInuM kAma kare che, ane ahIMnA (eTale ke, pATaliputramAMnA) tema ja prAMtamAMnA mArA badhA jhanAnAmAM teo aneka rItanA vividha saMtoSakAraka prayatno pratipAdita kare che. vaLI, meM evI vyavasthA karI che ke, dharmano vikAsa karavAne ane dharmane anusarAvavAne mATe mArA putronAM ane bIjA devakumAranAM dAnanI vaheMcaNI karavAnuM kAma paNa teo karaze." AnA AdhAre eTaluM te jaNAI Avaze ke, azoka piote jAte je paropakAranAM kAmo karato hato te paropakAranAM kAmothI ja saMtoSa mAnIne te besI raheto na hato, paNa tenAM pitAnAM pAsenAM sagAM paNa tenA pitAnA pagale pagale cAle tema karavAnI bAbatamAM potAnA dharmamahAmAtrAnI ane bIjA adhikArIonI mAraphate te pitAthI banate prayatna karato hato. je "bIja mukhya adhikArIone ullekha ane pitAnA ukta lekhamAM kareluM che te adhikArIo ApaNuM jANavAmAM nathI. paraMtu eTaluM to cokkasa che ke, azokanAM pitAnAM sagAMnI kanethI tema ja bIjA lokonI kanethI dAnanAM nANAM kaDhAvavAnuM kAma dharmamahAmAtrone soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. rAjakuTuMbanAM strIpuruSone lagatI dharmamahAmAtronI je pharaje sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM ullekhAelI che te ja pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM pharIthI jaNAvavAmAM AvelI che; ane vadhArAmAM ema paNa emAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, "dharmane anusarato hoya ke dharmanuM dhAma hoya ke dAna karanAra hoya " evA dareka jaNanI sAthe dharmamahAmAtroe saMbaMdha rAkhavAno hato. sarva

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135 leAkAe dAna karavuM asAdhAraNa che ja. nAnA ane moTA tema ja garIba ane tavagara joie : ema zeka bhAra 4ne kahe che te prajAnA sukhanAM ane upayAganAM kAme karavAM : e rAjA tarIkenI azAkanI ja hatI ja. paraMtu te te ApaNane ema paNa cAsa kahevA mAge che ke, lekA tenA peAtAnA dAkhalAne anusare teTalA mATe ja te e badhuM karatA hatA. Atmika puNya meLavavAnA hetuthI tema ja sAmAnya lokone dAkhalo besADavAnA hetuthI tenAM peAtAnAM sagAM pazu evAM ja dAnakarma AcareH khetI paNa ciMtA azAkane rahetI hatI. Ama pApakAranAM kAmane ATaluM badhuM mahattva azake ApyuM che, e kAMika asAdhAraNa che. ahIM svAbhAvika rIte evA savAla kAi pUchaze ke, jeva parApakAranAM kAme azAka ullekhyAM che tevAM kASTa paropakArI kAmeAnA ullekha bauddhasAhityamAMthA maLI Ave che kharA ? e savAlanA javAbamAM spaSTIkaraNAthe nIcene karA saMyuttanihAra "mAMthI 1 TAMkazuM -- : - AMbAvADIe repanArA loko harahaMmezAM rAtadivasa kayA lekane puNya prasave che, e kahezA ? dharma parAyaNatAthI ane puNyaprabhAvathI kayA leAkeA pRthvImAMthI svargImAM jAya che, e kahezeA ? AMbAvADIe ane phaLAu jhADa rApanArA lAA, ane pUlA tathA baMdhA baMdhAvanArA leAkeA, ane kUvA khedAvanArA tathA pANInA hAja baMdhAvanArA tema ja ( ghara vinAnA lekAne ) Azraya ApanArA loka-- AvA lAkAne harahamezAM rAtadivasa puNya prasave che. dharmaparAyaNatAthI ane puNyaprabhAvathI AvAlokA pRthvImAMthI svargamAM jAya che. 1. 1, 57 nuM bhASAMtara.

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136 dharmane vadhAravAnA tathA khUba phelAvavAnA hetuthI azoke vadhArAne chaThTho upAya paNa jele jaNAya che. pitAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM teNe kahyuM che ke, teNe dharmazrAvaNa karAvyAM hatAM ane dharmamahAmAtro yojelA hatA tenI sAthesAthe dharmastaMbha paNa UbhA karAvyA hatA. dharmastabho" eTale "staMbhanA upara kotarAvelI dharmalipi': ema ApaNe samajavAnuM che. AmAM zilAlekhone samAveza paNa ApaNe karI levAno che, kAraNa ke, staMbhalekha kotarAyA tyArapachI ja zilAlekhe karAyA hatA tethI karIne staMbhalekhAne lagatA pitAnA ullekhamAM azoka pitAnA zilAlekhene ullekha karI zakayo nathI. kharI rIte jotAM, azoke kotarAvelI badhI dharmalipione ukta dharmastaMbha' tarIke samajI levAnI che. ahIM koI pUchaze ke, dharmavRddhinA kAme azokanI dharmalipioe kevA prakArane bhAva bhajavyo hato ? keTalAka vidvAno ema mAne che ke, pitAnuM nAma amara thAya teTalA mATe ja azoke pitAnI dharmalipio ketarAvI hatI. arthAta e badhAnI pAchaLa sattAbhrama DakiyAM karato hato, ema teo mAne che. paraMtu AnA jevI moTI bhUla bIjI koI paNa nahi hoya. potAnA zilAlekhamAM tema ja staMbhalekhomAM aneka prasaMge azoke ApaNane spaSTatApUrvaka kahyuM che ke, tenI pitAnI dharmalipio lAMbA vakhata sudhI TakI rahe, ane tenA pitAnA vaMzaje tene anusarIne lokonA bhautika tathA Adhibhautika sukhane vadhAre, e ja hetuthI teNe pite zilAonA upara ane thAMbhalAonA upara pitAnI dharmalipio tarAvI hatI. jethI tathA pAMcamA ane chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhane tema ja sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhane aMtabhAga kALajIpUrvaka je koI vAMcaze tenI khAtrI turta ja thaze ke, paththaranA upara pitAnI dharmalipio kotarAvavAmAM azokano Azaya Avo ja hato. te pite kahe che tema, ukta dharmalipi kAMIka speyI rUpamAM jaLavAI rahe to pachI rAjakuTuMbanA

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17 kAgaLapatronuM game tema thAya teA paNu- tenA peAtAnA vaMzajo ukta zilAlekhA vagere vAMcIne dhaddhine mATe teNe pAte karelAM kAmathI vADhegAra thAya, ane dhama vRddhine lagatI umadA pharajane pAra pADavAmAM teo tene peAtAne TapI na jAya teA paNa tenI peAtAnI sAthe sarasAi tA jarUra bhAgave. TUMkAmAM kahetAM, tene dharmanuM eTaluM badhuM gAMDuM lAgyuM hatuM ke, tenA peAtAnA vaMzajo tenA potAnA kAmathI vAkegAra thAya ane te kAmane cAlU rAkhe, e hetuthI tane peAtAne je pagaluM sArAmAM sArUM lAgeluM te pagaluM teNe bharyuM hatuM. sajIva sRSTinA hitasukhane mATe azeke je karyuM hatuM tene vicAra ApaNe na karIe tyAMsudhI dharmopadezaka tarIkenA tenA kAryane cokkasa khyAla ApaNe kiMda paNa bAMdha na zakIe, eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, mAtra manuSyAnI pratyenI ja peAtAnI pharaja adA karavAne te pAte badhAelA che, ema azAka mAnatA na hatA; paraMtu sAmAnya rIte sarvAM jIvaMta prANIonI pratyenI potAnI pharaja adA karavAne te pAte badhAelA che, ema paNa te mAnatA hatA. AthI karIne, prANIonA jIvane bacAvavAnI bAkhatamAM tema ja temanA sukhane vadhAravAnI bAbatamAM azoke zA upAyA lIdhelA, e jANavAnI jarUra rahe che. teNe yojelA evA upAyAnA be prakAra che: (1) jIvata prANIone hAni thatI aTakAvavAne mATe tema ja temanA vaSa thatA aTakAvavAne mATe teNe yAjelA upAyA; ane (2) jIvaMta prANImAnA zarIrasukhane vadhAravAne mATe teNe yeAjelA upAyeA. e paikInA pahelA prakAranA upAyAnI bAbatamAM azokanA paMcamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAMthI ghaNI mAhitI ApaNane maLI Ave che. ana( jIMjA )nA upara tema ja vihiMsA( varSa )nA upara kevA prakAranAM bha dhana teNe pAte mukelAM, e azeAke emAM jaNAvyu che. sauthI pahelAM tA, khAvAmAM na vAparatAM hoya tevAM ane zAbhAnA auSadhinA kAme na vaparAtAM hAya tevAM jIvaMta prANIete teNe

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138 avadhya gaNyAM che. ApaNe TUMkAmAM kahIe to, avicArIpaNe thatI jIvahiMsA teNe baMdha karI che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa je cUlAmAM chavAta hoya te cUlAne bALavAnI paNa baMdhI teNe karelI che. khAvAmAM vaparAtAM tema ja gharakAmamAM ke evAM ja bIjAM kAmamAM upayogamAM levAtAM prANIonI bAbatamAM teNe evuM TharAvyuM che ke, temane vadha paNa karavo nahi; ane (pitAnA lekhamAM jaNAvelA) amuka amuka zubha divase lakSaNa (cihna) pADIne ke I drayalepa karIne temane IjA paNa karavI nahi. prathama darzane to ApaNane ema ja lAge che ke, AvI jAtanAM baMdhano to azokanA phaLadrapabhejAmAMthI ja uddabhavyAM hovAM joIe. paraMtu jarA tapAsa karatAM ema jaNAya che ke, kauTilyakRta "arthazAstramAM AvI ja jAtanAM baMdhanonI bhalAmaNa karavAmAM AvelI che. e graMthanA teMtALIsamAM prakaraNamAM ema kahyuM che ke, sarva vihAra-pakSIonI tema ja zubha pazuonI ane pakSAonI hiMsA athavA satAvaNI thatI aTakAvavI. e graMthamAM bAganAM pakSIonI je yAdI ApavAmAM AvelI che te yAdImAM azake avaSya gaNelAM nidAna cAra pakSIonAM nAma te jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI, e ja graMthanA ekasoboteramA prakaraNamAM ema kahyuM che ke, amuka amuka zubha divasoe prANIone vadha na karo ane temanI indriyane IjA na karavI tema ja garbhane nAza na karavoH evI matalabano hukama rAjAe kADhavo joIe. azoke pitAnA ukta lekhamAM je zubha divaso gaNAvyA che te zubha divasene kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra"mAM gaNavAelA zubha divase lagabhaga maLatA Ave che. AthI karIne ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke, ukta prakAranAM baMdhane aze ke pote ja UpajAvI kADhelAM nahi, paNa "arthazAstra" mAM gaNAvavAmAM AvelAM baMdhane ja amala teNe karela. e baMdhanane amala saMpUrNa rIte thAya tema 1. kauTilyakRta " arthazAstra" pU. 122. 2. kauTilyakRta " arthazAstra pR. 407

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178 karavAmAM teNe kAMi bAkI rAkhI nahi ja hoya. paraMtu teNe game tevI mahenata karI haze to paNa tenuM kAMI khAsa pariNAma AvyuM nahi hAya, ema lAge che. pitAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM ame e vAta kabUla karI che. AvI jAtanAM baMdhane nAkhIne ane amuka prANIone avadhya gaNIne te kAMI khAsa phAyadAkAraka pariNAma UpajAvI zakyo na hato, ema te pote ja kahe che. paraMtu nitithI (eTale ke hiMsAnI sarvasAdhAraNuM baMdhathI) te pitAne hetu sAdhI zakyo hato, ema te kahe che. A hetu dhyAnamAM rAkhIne teNe pitAnA dharmopadezaka amaladArane evo hukama karyo hato ke, lekene dharmane upadeza karatI veLAe temanA magajamAM "anAmo mALA'(prANanA avadha)nuM ane "vizvanA ajA'(bhUtonI ahisA)nuM mahatva temaNe khUba ThasAvavuM e rIte azake eka pagaluM AgaLa bharyuM che, kAraNa ke, jIvane thatI IjAne ane jIvanA vadhane mAtra kamI karavAnI ja IcchA te rAkha nathI, paNa pitAthI banI zake te tema thatuM taddana aTakAvI devAnI ja IcchA te rAkhe che. A bAbatamAM te pote ja dAkhale besADIne lokone pitAno hetu barAbara samajAvI de che, pitAnI pahelAM thaI gaelA rAjAone anusarIne lokapriya thavAnA hetuthI te pote je vartana rAkhato hato te vartananuM varNana potAnA pahelA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azeke kareluM che. emAMthI ApaNe ema jANI zakIe chIe ke, samAje bharavAno rivAja teNe rAkhyo hato. keTalAka samAjamAM lekene dekhAthI ane saMgItathI tathA nRtyathI khuzI karavAmAM AvatA hatA, ane keTalAka samAjamAM lekane mAMsane ane mane upabhoga karAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. bIjA prakAranA samAjamAM jamaNuM levAne bhegA thaelA lene mAMsa pIrasAtuM hovAthI aneka prANIone vadha karavAmAM Avato hovo joIe. vaLI, sRjanajUnA rivAjane anusarIne azoka pitAnA mahelamAM dararoja mAMsanuM dAna garIba lokone

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140 karatA hatA, ane tethI karIne te pote ja kahe che tema tenA pitAnA darabArI rasoDAmAM dararoja seMkaDo ane hajAre prANIone vadha karavo paDato hato. samAjane mATe athavA dAnane mATe joitAM prANIone vadha jamaNanA kAme alabatta thate hato; ane tethI azokanA pAMcamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM gaNAvelAM baMdhanothI e jAtanA vadhane aTakAyata thaI zakatI na hatI. paraMtu azake niti(jIvahiMsAnI baMdhI)no kAryakrama amalamAM mukI dIdho tyArathI lekene tene upadeza karIne ja te saMteSa mAnI besatuM na hatuM, paNa rAjakuTuMbamAM ja tene amala karIne te potAnI jAte tene dAkhalo besADato hato. paNa eTalethI ja te aTako nahi. teNe te potAnI jAtane paNa apavAdarUpa gaNuM nahi. ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, tene pitAne pIrasavAmAM AvatA mAMsanI upara paNa teNe aMkuza mukyo, ane chevaTe teNe mAMsa khAvAnuM bIlakula baMdha karI dIdhuM. madhyadezanA lake moranA mAMsane svAdiSTa bhajana gaNatA hatA tema azoka paNa moranA mAMsane svAdiSTa bhajana gaNato hato, paraMtu tevuM bhajana karavAnuM paNa teNe chevaTe baMdha karI dIdhuM. ApaNe eTaluM yAda rAkhavAnuM che ke, sAmAnya rIte prANIone IjA thatI tathA prANIone vadha thata aTakAvavAnA hetuthI ja AvA upAyo azake jyAM hatA. prANuMonA zarIrasukhane vadhAravAno Azaya temAM bIlakula na hatA. paNa e Azayane bara lAvavAne mATe teNe bIjA ja upAya jyA. e upAyonI mAhitI agAu ApaNe meLavI gayA chIe. manuSyo tema ja pazuo jIvanane upabhoga kare teTalA mATe e upAyo(paropakAranAM kAmo)nI yojanA azeke karI hatI. azokanA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM emanuM varNana karavAmAM AveluM che, ane agAu ApaNe tenI mAhitI meLavI gayA chIe. azokanA bIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM lagabhaga e ja jAtanAM paropakAranAM kAma gaNAvavAmAM AvelAM che. paraMtu ukta zilAlekhamAM ati mahattvanuM je kAma ulekhAeluM che te ukta

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141 staMbhalekhamAM jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. pitAnA e zilAlekhamAM azeka kahe che ke, teNe be jAtanI cikitsA (daradIne sArA karavAnI vyavasthA) yojI hatI -(1) manuSpacitsiA ane (2) pazucikitsA. pitAnA hetune bara lAvavAne mATe teNe je vyavasthA karelI tenuM varNana Ama teNe pite kareluM che manuSyonA upayoganI ane pazuonA upayoganI auSadhio jyAM jyAM jovAmAM AvI nathI tyAM tyAM te aNAvIne ropAvavAmAM AvelI che. mULa ane phaLa jyAM jyAM jovAmAM AvyAM nathI tyAMtyAM te aNAvIne ropAvavAmAM AvelAM che." azoke mAtra potAnA ja rAjyamAM AvuM kAma kareluM, evuM. kAMI na hatuM. tenA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM jaNAvelA pADesI rAjAonAM (je rAjAonI oLakhANa agAu ApaNe karI gayA chIe te rAjAonAM) rAjyamAM paNa teNe AvuM kAma kareluM. e joine tenAM vakhANa muktaka ApaNe karavAM paDe che. dharmopadezaka tarIkenI azonI pravRttinuM pariNAma chevaTe zuM AvyuM ? pitAnA vistRta sAmrAjyanI hadanI aMdara pitAnA dharmane phelAvo te karI zake eTaluM ja nahi, paNa pitAnA pADosamAM AvelA svataMtra rAjAonAM rAjyamAM paNa te potAnA dharmane phelAvI daI zako. pitAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM pitAnA putrone ane pautrane uddezIne azaka kahe che ke, "paraMtu A dhame vijayane dene lADakAe mukhyamAM mukhya vijaya gaNela che; ane te paNa devone lADakAe ahIM ane sarahadanA mulakamAM chaso bejana dara" meLavyo che. e rIte azaka ApaNane spaSTapaNe kahI batAve che ke, pitAnA ' rAjyamAM tema ja pADesanAM rAjyomAM teNe dharmavijaya meLavyA hatA. pitAnA rAjyanI aMdara AvI rahelAM je aneka sarahadI rAjyamAM te pitAnuM dharmopadezakArya calAvato hato te rAjyonAM nAmano nirdeza teNe karela che. vaLI, ApaNA dezanA cheka dakSiNa bhAgamAM AvI rahelAM svataMtra rAjya tema ja pAMca vana-rAjAonAM

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142 rAjyanA nAmane nirdeza paNa teNe karela che. e rIte jotAM, keTalA bahoLA vistAramAM azakanA dharmane phela thaela, e ApaNuM khyAlamAM AvI roke che. AkhA hiMdustAnamAM tema ja siMhaladvIpamAM azokanA dharmane kevA thaI gayA hatA eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu yavana-rAjAonA tAbAnA sIriyAmAM tathA mIsaramAM tema ja mesIDeniyAmAM tathA epirasamAM ane sIrInamAM paNa azakane dharma phelAyo hato. paraMtu eTalAthI ja basa na hatuM. e ja lekhamAM azoka ema paNa kahe che ke, "jyAM dene lADakAnA dare jatA nathI tyAM paNa teo devAne lADakAe dharmane anusarIne karelAM vidhAnane ane dharmopadezane sAMbhaLIne dharma pALe che ane pALaze." cInamAM ane brahmadezamAM dharmapracArane lagatuM kAma aze ke kareluM tene uddezIne AvuM lakhANa thayuM hoya, e banavAjoga che. azoke ghaDelA suMdara kAryakramane ane tene amalamAM mukavAne je paddhatisara prayatno teNe karelA te prayatnane vicAra ApaNe karIe ta, dharmopadezaka tarIkenI tenI pravRttine je ahevAla tenA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM ApavAmAM Avela che te ahevAlane eka ja avizvasanIya te ApaNe na ja gaNI zakIe. paraMtu keTalAka vidvAnoe e ahevAlanA saMbaMdhamAM zaMkA UDAvelI che. teo ema mAne che ke, azokanA samayamAM hiMdustAnanI bahAra bauddhapaMthane phelAvo thaele nahi. evA vidvAnomAM adhyApaka TI. Dabalyu. hAIsa Davijha agrasthAna bhogave che. ukta lekhamAM aze ke dharmapracArane lagate je ahevAla Ape che tenA saMbaMdhamAM pAlibhASAnA e abhyAsI kahe che ke, "emAM rAjAnA mithyAbhimAnano keTale a che, e kahevuM agharuM che. potAnA kathanane puSTi ane vajana ApavAnA hetuthI grIsanA rAjAonAM nAma emAM ghusADI devAmAM AvyAM heya, e banavAjoga che. tyAM koI paNa dUtane mokalavAmAM AvyA ja na hoya, e paNa saMbhavita che. tene mokalavAmAM AvyA hoya te paNa, grIsanA AtmasaMtoSane te kAraNe

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143 kAMi hAlA Avyo hAya, ema mAnavAnuM kAMi khAsa kAraNa nathI. AvelAM pariNAmeAnA je aMdAja azArka karelA che tenAthI grIsanuM naramapaNuM sAbIta thAya che tenA karatAM te tenuM peAtAnuM abhimA vadhAre sAbIta thAya che. kAi 'jaMgalI manuSya'UDIne dharmanA upadeza karatA Ave, e arthahIna vicArathI grIsanA lakAne keTalI gamata paDI haze ? enI kalpanA ApaNe karI zakIe chIe. paraMtu paradezI rAjAnA hukamathI e lokA pAtAnA devAne ane vahemAne tarachoDe, e tA ApaNI kalpanAmAM AvI zakatuM nathI. '' 1 bauddhapa thA phelAvA karavAnA hetuthI ja azeke grIsanA rAjAonI hajUramAM peAtAnA dUtAne mekalelA, eveA pUrvagraha adhyApaka hAisa DeviDjha sAhebe ahIM bAMdhI dIdhelA che. paraMtu e te emanI kevaLa kalpanA ja che. azAkanA terame mukhya zilAlekha vAMcIne ApaNe teA dhaNuMkarIne ema ja samajavAnuM che ke, grIsanA rAjAenA darabAramAM peAtAnA dUtAne meAkalavAnA rivAja tA pahelIthI ja azAka rAkhelA hatA; paraMtu peAtAnA amaladArAnI mAraphate grIsanAM rAjyAmAM evA ja dhama pracAra karavAnI je taka tene maLelI tenA lAbha teNe lai lIdheA hatA. ApaNe eTaluM teA jANIe chIe ke, selyukase peAtAnA rAjakALamAM mauya rAjadarabAramAM peAtAnA e datAne kramazaH mAkalI ApyA hatA. mIsaranA rAjA TAlemI philADelphase paNa e hiMdI darabAramAM peAtAne eka dUta meAkalAvyA hatA. Ama hatuM te pachI, caMdraguptanA samayathI mAMDIne mau vazanA rAjAe grIsanA rAjadarabAramAM peAtAnA dUtA badalAmAM mAkalI ApatA hAya, e kAMi azakaya nathI. dharmapracAranA kAme azAke upalI pAyarInA peAtAnA amaladArAne nImyA hatA to pachI e ja rUDhine anusarIne peAtAnA dUtAne paNa grIsanA rAjyamAM e kAma teNe sAMpyuM hAya, e banavAjoga che. adhyApaka hAisa DeviDjha vadhArAmAM ema mAne che ke, ' azokanA dUtA dharmopadezaka 1. " buddhisTa iMDiyA '' ( bauddha hiMdustAna ), pR. 298-299.

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144 tarIke paNa kAma karatA hatA' ema ApaNe ghaDIbhara mAnI laie tA paNa tee grIsanI prajAmAMnA ghaNA leAAne peAtAnA anuyAyI banAvI zakayA nahi hoya; kAraNa ke, grIsanA lAkA atizaya AtmasaMtAthI hatA tethI karIne, ' jaMgalI leAkeA 'nA upadezane sAMbhaLIne tee peAtAnA dezane ane vahemAne dhUtakArI ADhe, e banI zake tema na hatuM. pAlibhASAnA e abhyAsIe ahIM paNa ema ja mAnI lIdhuM che ke, aAke tA aneka grIsavAsI mAne peAtAnA anuyAyI banAvI mukayA hatA. paraMtu e emanI bhUla che. azAka tA mAtra eTaluM ja kahe che ke, grIsanAM rAjyAmAM teNe peAtAnA dharmanA pracAra karyAM hatA. grIsavAsIone peAtAnA anuyAyI banAvavAmAM te saphaLa nIvaDayA hatA, evA teneA artha kAMi thatA nathI. grIsanI prajA na gaNAya evA je leAkeA grIsanAM rAjyAmAM vasatA haze te leAkAte ja teNe potAnA anuyAyI banAvyA. hatA, ema kahevAne tete muddo che. bIjA dharmane pAtAnA karI levAne lagatI grIsavAsIonI e azaktinuM kAraNa zuM? saMskRtimAM temanI peAtAnI pAyarIthI UtaratI pAyarInA gaNAya evA ' jaMgalI leAkA'nA dharmanI pratyenuM temanuM valaNa tA samajI zakAya tevuM che. paraMtu saMskRtimAM temanAthI kASTha pazu rIte UtaratA na gaNI zakAya evA leAkeAnI dhArmika asarane virAdha karIne tee pAtAnA manathI ja tene praveza peAtAnAmAM thavA detA na hatA, ema zA mATe mAnI levuM, vAr? hiMdu saMskRtinA paricayamAM AvelA yavane hiMdustAnanA vividha dharmonA tema ja bauddhapathanA anuyAyI banyA hatA, e ApaNe nathI vaNutA zuM? 1 sAhityamAM ane zilAlekhA vageremAM aneka prasa Mge temanA ullekha thaelA jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI, mIsaranA TAlemsa AirDasa alekjhAMDiyAnA pustakAlayanA sthApaka ane vikAsaka hatA; ane epipheniyasanA kathananA AdhArera ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, 1. I. a, 1911, pR. 11-13, 23. epiphena. 4 me, e pA., 9.

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145 hiMdunA graMthAnuM bhASAMtara karavAne tene pustakAlayAdhyakSa IMtejAra hatA. grIsavAsIenA vakhANu karanArA hAlanA keTalAka loko mAnI le che tema, saMskRtinI najare Ama jaka pakaDIne bese evA tA te na ja hatA. '' adhyApaka hAisa DeviDjha ema mAne che ke, azekanA samayamAM bauddhapacanA je phelAvA thayA hatA te phelAvAnI hakIkata azokanA peAtAnA lekhamAMthI teA bahu ja thADI maLI Ave che; paNa siMhaladvIpanA itihAsasaMgrahamAM te hakIkata ghaNA vadhAre pramANamAM jaLavAi rahelI che. mArgAlinA putra tissanA je krUtA ApaNA hiMdustAnanA vividha bhAgamAM AvelA temane lagatI hakIkata siMhaladvIpanA itihAsasaMgrahamAM ApelI che. dareka dUtanI sAthe cAra madadanIza paNa AvyA hatA. pAlibhASAnA e abhyAsI kahe che ke, " e dUtAne azeAkanI kane meAkalavAmAM AvyA na hatA, paNa saMdhanA AgevAnAnI kane temane mAkalavAmAM AvyA hatA -ane pazcimamAMnAM grIsanAM rAjyAmAM kAi kUtaruMdha mAkalAyAnA ullekha teo karatA kASTha nathI -te| pachI temanA abhiprAya rAjazAsananA karatAM vadhAre pramANabhUta gaNAya, e vizeSa saMbhavita che. "1 ahIM adhyApaka hAisa DeviDjha ema kahevA mAge cheke, grIsanA lakA AtmasaMtoSI ane potAnA maMtavyane vaLagI rahenArA hatA tethI karIne grIsanA rAjyamAM tA bauddhapathanA phelAvA nahi ja thayA hoya. vaLI, azAkanA samayamAM hiMdustAnanA sarahadI prAMtAnI aMdara ja bauddhapathanA upadeza thatA hatA, evuM siMhaladvIpanA itihAsasaMgrahamAM jaNAveluM che tethI tene ja vadhAre zakya ane cAsa mAnavu' ema e vidvAna kahe che, te ja pramANe, azAkanI kane dUtA meAkalAelA nahi, paNu yuddhusaMdhanA AgevAnanI kane teo meAkalAyelA, ema e ja itihAsasaMgrahamAM kaheluM hAvAthI, hiMdustAnamAM te zuM paNa grosanAM mitrarAjyAmAM " buddhisTa IMDiyA " (bauddhu haMdustAna ), pR. 301-302. 2.

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paNa bauddhapathane phelA saphaLa rIte karavAmAM AvyA hatA, evuM azake je kahyuM che te to mAtra tenuM mithyAbhimAna ane tenA pitAnA garvanuM pariNAma cheema paNa e vidvAna ApaNane kahe che. te pite ema mAne che ke, siMhaladvIpanA itihAsasaMgrahamAM te pote je aDaga vizvAsa rAkhe che tene siMhaladvIpanA bhikSuoe ApaNuM jANune mATe noMdhI rAkhIne jALavI rAkhelA ItihAsanA AdhArabhUta TukaDAothI Teke maLe che. khAsa karIne ukta dUtasaMghane lagatI je prAcIna paraMparA temaNe saMgharI rAkhelI che tene uparanuM kathana kevI rIte lAgu paDe che, e batAvavAno prayatna adhyApaka hAIsa Devijha sAhebe karela che. te kahe che ke, himAlayanA pradezamAM bauddhapaMthane upadeza karavAne mokalavAmAM AvelA te paikInA traNa ke te "majhima tathA kassa-gota" ane "duMdubhismara' hatA. ItihAsasaMgrahanA lekhake e potAnA mananA ghoDA doDAvIne A vigate UpajAvI kADhI haze, ema kANu na dhAre? paraMtu sAMcI gAmanA pADesamAM khodakAma karatAM jUnA kALanA avazeSarUpa je peTIo kaniMgahAma sAhebane maLI AvelI te peTIonA upara kotaravAmAM AvelAM nAmamAM ukta nAmo paNa jovAmAM AvyAM che, e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, himAlayanA pradezamAM dharmopadeza karavAne mokalavAmAM AvelA dUtasaMdhanI sAthe kassapagArane ane duMdubhimmarane saMbaMdha hato. pAlibhASAnA e abhyAsInA mate A hakIkatathI ema ja cokhecokhuM sAbIta thAya che ke, bauddhapaMthanA pracAranA saMbaMdhamAM azokanA samayamAM je kAMI baneluM tene siMhaladvIpanA bhikSuoe akhaMDita paraMparA jALavI rAkhIne barAbara noMdhI rAkheluM che. have Ama vicAre. "dIpavaMza "mAM je pAMca nAme ApelAM che te pAMca nAmamAM majhima nuM nAma che; paNa "mahAvaMza"mAM ema kahyuM che ke, uparyukta dUtasaMghanI saradArI majhime lIdhI hatI. sAMcImAMthI maLI AvelI jUnI peTIonA upara kotaravAmAM AvelA lekhamAM manijhamanuM

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147 nAma che kharUM; paNa temAM himAlayanA pradezamAM upadeza karanAra tarIke ' majhimane gaNyA nathI paNa gatiputa sapAta 'te gaNyA che. vaLI, himAlayamAM upadeza karanAra kasapagAtane sAthe gaNI letAM kula nava bhikSuonAM nAma e lekhAmAM gaNAvavAmAM AvelAM che. e nava nAme paikInAM mAtra e ja nAmeA "dIpavaMza "mAM gaNAvAelAM nAmeAnI sAthe maLatAM Ave che, " dIpavaza "mAM gaNAvAelAM bAkInAM e nAmeAnA ullekha sAMcInA lekhAmAM zA mATe na thayA ? sAMcInA lekhAmAM gaNAvelAM bAkInAM sAta nAmeAnI avagaNunA "dIpavaza"mAM zA mATe karavAmAM AvI AvI sthitimAM ukta dUtasaMdhanA saMbaMdhamAM si MhaladvIpanA itihAsama grahane aitihAsika dRSTie prAmANika ane cAkkasa zI rIte mAnavA e ApaNune barAbara spaSTa thatuM nathI. vaLI, vicArapUrvaka bArIka tapAsanI kasATImAMthI e ahevAla pasAra thai zake che kharA ? itihAsasaMgrahamAM ema kahyuM che ke, je dA mekalAelA te paikInA cAra dUtA tA 'rikakhata ' ane 'dha marikakhata 'tathA mahe.dhamarikakhata ' ane 'mahArakrikhata' hatA. ochAmAM ochA cAra kRtAnAM nAma Ama lagabhaga ekasarakhAM che, e joIne ukta ahevAlanI bAbatamAM ApaNane zaMkA na UbhI thAya, zuM ? ' majhima' ane 'majhratika' : e be nAmeAmAM pazu evuM ja maLatApaNuM jovAmAM AAve che. vaLI, dUtatva karavAte sAthesAthe ja suvarNabhUmimAM gaelA ' sAna 'ne ane uttara 'te eka ja vyakti tarIke vidvAneA gaNe che. AvuM hAvAthI, atihAsika noMdha tarIke ukta ahevAlanA vicAra bahu ja cetIcetIne karavAnA che, ema kahyuM che1 te yAgya ja che. AvI vastusthiti che teA pachI, bauddha dUtasadhAnI hakIkta azAkanA lekhAmAM jaLavAI rahI che te ochI vizvAsapAtra che, paNa siMhaladvIpanA itihAsasaMgrahamAM tenI " ( " 1. kanakRta " maeNnyula Apha iMDiyana muddIjhama " ( hi'dI bauddhapa thanA laghugraMtha ), 6, 117.

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148 je hakIkta jaLavAI rahI che te vadhAre vizvAsapAtra che, ema mAnavuM : e to " kabUlI na zakAya eTalI badhI himmatabharI kalpanA che. azeke mAtra eka ja sthaLe grIsanA rAjAonAM rAjyane ullekha karela nathI. dUradUranA pradezomAM te pote je dharmapracAra karato hato tenI hakIkata ApatAM ja te temano ullekha karato nathI. anyatra e rAjAone ullekha teNe karelo che. manuSyanA tathA pazuonA hitane mATe teNe cikitsakenI yejanA karelI, ane jyAM jyAM auSadhio na hatI tyAM tyAM te levaDAvI jaIne teNe pAvelI ? e hakIkta pitAnA bIjA mukhyazilAlekhamAM teNe ApelI che. te pote ja kahe che tema, potAnA rAjyamAM tema ja grIsanAM rAjyamAM teNe A paropakAranAM kAma karyA hatAM. je vAta mude sAcI na hatI te ja vAta azake A banne prasaMgone uddezIne jaNAvI che, ema ApaNe mAnavuM, zuM? ema hoya te to ene artha eTale ja thayo ke, azeke pUrepUrI banAvaTI hakIkata ahIM rajU karI che. paraMtu koI paNa vivekI vAcaka e artha nahi ja svIkAre. azeke pote je kAma sAdhyuM haze tenI hakIkata ApatAM temAM kAMIka atizayoktine aMza teNe dAkhala karyo hoya, e banavAjoga che. paraMtu, pitAnA amaladAronI mAraphate ja svadezamAM tema ja paradezamAM potAnA dharmane pracAra karavAnuM kAma teNe pote sAdhyuM hatuM, evuM azake kahyuM che tenI bAbatamAM te kaI paNa niSpakSapAtI vAcaka vahema UThAvI zake nahi. te pachI eTale savAla te harake vAcaka pUchI zake ke, dharmopadezane lagatI tenI pravRttithI paradezamAM kAMI paNa cirasthAyI asara pedA thaI hatI ke kema? grIsanAM rAjyamAM azokanuM dharmopadezakArya keTalA aMze saphaLa nIvaDeluM, eno vicAra karatAM uparanA savAlano javAba ApaNane maLI raheze. eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, mahattvanI amuka amuka bAbatamAM bauddhapaMtha khristI dharmane bahu maLato Ave che. AvuM

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149 maLatApaNuM kAMI acAnaka na ja banI Ave. Azare pacIsa varSanA pahelAM epha. mekasa myulara sAhebe bahu bodhadAyaka bhASaNa ApeluM tene sArAMza ApIne ja ahIM te ApaNe saMtoSa mAnazuM. te kahe che ke, "remana kethelika" paMthanA be dharmopadezaka tibeTamAM musApharI karatA hatA tyAre temanA potAnA karmakAMDanI ane bauddhabhikSuonA karmakAMDanI vaccenuM maLatApaNuM jeIne teo camakyA. e kArastAna zayatAnanuM hovuM joIe, ema temaNe kahyuM. paraMtu kudaratI kAraNethI maLatApaNuM utpanna thaI zakatuM hoya, to pachI koI paNa jAtano khulAso zodhavAnuM rahetuM nathI. IsvIsananA sAtamA saikAnA madhyabhAgathI mAMDIne AThamA saikAnA aMtabhAga sudhImAM khristI dharmopadezA cIna dezamAM pravRtti karI rahyA hatA. e vAtanI sAkSI itihAsa pite pUre che. ukta maLatApaNAno khulAse Ama kAMIka saMtoSakAraka rIte maLe che. bauddhapaMthanA prAcInakALamAM e paMthanI ane khristIdharmanI vacce bIjI paNa aneka bAbatonuM maLatApaNuM hatuM. bhUlanI kabUlata: upavAsa; bhikSuonuM brahmacarya; ane mALA : e ukta bAbato hatI. ivIsananI zarUAta thai tenA pahelAthI ja e bAbato mAnya rakhAtI AvI hatI tethI evuM ja anumAna thaI zake che ke, te bAbatonuM anukaraNa thayuM hoya to tevuM anukaraNa karanArA to khristIo ja che. ApaNA samAna manuSyatvane uddezIne AvA maLatApaNAne khulAse ApI zakAtuM hoya te maLatA dAkhalA rajU kare. evuM maLatApaNuM akasmAta thaeluM mAnavAmAM AvatuM hoya te akasmAta banatA banAnA prakaraNamAMthI evA bIja dAkhalA TAMkI batAvo. maeNksa myulara sAhebanuM pitAnuM mAnavuM to evuM hatuM ke, e maLatApaNuM puSkaLa tema ja mizrita hovAthI tene akasmAta banI AveluM gaNI zakAya tema nathI. A bAbatonuM jJAna kevI rIte phelAyuM hatuM? e savAla pUchI zakAya. alabatta, 1 "jarnala opha mahAberisosAyaTI, 5, 4

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150 IsapanI vAtenA upara ane bAibalanA keTalAka bhAganA upara hiMdI asara thaelI che, evo vahema te lAMbA samayathI paDato AvyuM che. bahu ja jUnA samayathI pUrva dizAmAMnA ane pazcimadizAmAMnA pradezonI vacce A vicAravinimaya thate Avyo hatuM te pachI, mAtra bauddhapaMthamAMnA ja mukhya vicAre pazcimadizAmAMnA dezone anAta rahelA, ema ApaNe mAnavuM, zuM? paraMtu, e pradezomAM bhikSuoe bauddhapaMthane upadeza karela ema bauddhagraMthamAM te koI sthaLe kahyuM nathI. paraMtu azokanA potAnA ja spaSTa kathananA AdhAre ApaNe eTaluM te jANIe chIe ke, buddhanA dharmane pracAra karavAnA hetuthI teNe pite pitAnA amaladArane potAnA samakAlIna yavanarAjAonA darabAramAM potAnA dUta tarIke mokalelA hatA. te pachI, dharmopadezane lagatI azokanI pravRttione laine ja pazcimaeziyAmAM bauddhapaMthano phelAvo thaele, ema kahevAmAM jarA paNa zaMkAne sthAna rahI zake kharuM ? bauddhapaMthe e rIte khristI dharmanA upara asara karelI che tethI karIne khristI dharma te bauddhapaMthanuM taratA prakAranuM rUpa che, e nirNaya kaI rIte karI zakAtuM nathI. Ama kahIne khristI dharmanI navInatAne tema ja suMdaratAne ane saccAIne chInavI levAno hetu nathI. zrIyuta pola kerasa sAheba kahe che tema, "khristI dharmanAM to paikInuM koI paNa tattva taddana navIna nathI. tema chatAM paNa temAM saunuM aikaya evuM kAMIka vizeSa che ke, ekaMdare te te bezaka navIna che, ane nidAna pazcima dezomAM te pUrvanA sarva yugothI ekadama jUdA paDI AvatA yuganI zarUAta tenAthI thaelI che." vaLI pazcima-eziyAnA sauthI vadhAre mahattvanA manAtA khristI dharmanA upara ja bauddha thanI azakanIya asara thaelI, ema 1 "buddhIjhama eDa ITsa krizciyana kriTikasa" (bauddhapaMtha ane tenA khristI TIkAkAre), . 15-16

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151 . nahi hoya. khIjA pazu keTalAka paMthAnA upara tenI tevI asara camelI haze. ahIM * eNsenI 'leAkAnA dharmanA dAkhale mAMdhavAlAyaka che. thADAka yAhudI bhikSue temanA dharmaguru banyA hatA. kaSTaka aMze sAdhune chAjatI vicitra kriyAo teo karatA hatA, ane ' mRtasamudra 'nA kinArAnI bAjumAM teo vasatA hatA. lAMbhA vakhatathI vidvAne ema kabUla karatA AvyA che ke, mahattvanI temanI keTalIka kriyA bauddhapacamAMthI temane maLelI hatI. khristIdharmanA udaya thayA tenA pahelAM ja ' esenI ' leAkeA hayAtI dharAvatA hatA, ema paNa sau svIkAre che. therApyuTI' leAkeAnI dharmanI bAbatamAM paNa ema ja khaneluM che. e lA eNlekjhAMDayAnA pADeAsamAM rahetA hatA. temanA patha khristAdharmanI pahelAMnA yAhudIpathanA eka bhAga hatA. e leAkeAnA upadezamAM ane jIvanakramamAM paNa bauddhapaMthanI asara jovAmAM AvI che.ra e rIte jotAM pazcima eziyAnI dharmaviSayaka sthitinA upara thaelI bauddhapathanI asara svIsananA pahelA saikAthI paNa pahelAMnI che. e pradezAmAM azAke dharmopadezane lagatI je utsAhabharI pravRtti karelI tenA ja pariNAmamAM tevI jAtanI asara bezaka thaelI hAvI joie. 6 - hiMdustAnanI aMdara peAtAnA rAjyamAM tema ja hiMdustAnanI bahAra pazcima-eziyAmAM azoke peAtAne dharma phelAvelA, ema ApaNe kahIe chIe tenA atha evA nathI thatA ke, khuda bauddha bhikSuoe pAtAnA paMthanA phelAvA karavAnI bhAkhatamAM kAMI ja pravRtti karelI nahi. mAngaliputta tise hiMdustAnanA vividha bhAgamAM peAtAnA dharmAMpadezaka bhikSuone meAlelA, ema " dIpavaMza "mAM tema ja " mahAvaza "mAM kahyuM che tethI karIne ApaNe ema ja samajI levAnuM che ke, azAkanA samayamAM bauddhabhikSuoe paNa pAtAnA paMthanA 1 e. rI. e. 5, 401 2 e. rI. e., 12, 318-31 9

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152 pracAranA saMbaMdhamAM pitAnA viziSTa upAya yojyA hatA. paraMtu (ApaNe prathama kahI gayA chIe tema) temanI hakIktane upaga bahu ja sAvacetIthI ApaNe karavAno che. ghaNuM karIne bauddhabhikSuoe pitAnA be saMdhone dharmopadezanA kAme mokalyA hatA. temane eka saMdha himAlayanA pradezamAM gayo hato, ane temane bIjo saMdha hiMdustAnanA pazcimabhAgamAM gayo hato. himAlayanA pradezamAM gaelA bhikSusaMghanI AgevAnI mejime lIdhI na hatI paNa gatiputa kasapagote lIdhI hatI. himAlayanA e pradezamAM kazmIrane ane gaMdhArano samAveza thato hato. e rIte jotAM, e prAMtamAM eka ja mokalAe "majhatika ja A "majhima', ema Thare che. ghaNuM karIne evuM baneluM ke, je bhikSusaMdhanI AgevAnI gatiputa kasapagote lIdhelI te bhikSusaMdhamAM majhima paNa hatA. gatiputa kasa5gote dharmopadezanA kAme e be prAMta (kazmIra ane gaMdhAra) manijhamane soMpyA hatA. te ja pramANe, siMhaladvIpane itihAsa saMgraha ApaNane manAve che tema, rakhita ane dhaMmarakhita tema ja mahAdhaMmarakhita ane mahArakhita kAMI cAra vyaktio na hatI. ghaNuM karIne eka ja vyaktinAM e cAra nAmo hatAM. e vyaktine hiMdustAnanA pazcimabhAgamAM melavAmAM AvI hatI. vanavAsI; aparAMta, mahAra; ane yenalokaH e cAra prAMtane samAveza temAM thato hate. e ja pramANe bIjA be dUtasaMghane dharmopadezanA kAme mokalavAmAM AvelA lAge che. te paikInA eka dUtasaMghane suvarNabhUmimAM mokalavAmAM Avyo hato, ane bIjA saMdhane laMkA(siMhaladvIpa)mAM mokalavAmAM Avyo hato. ghaNuM karIne mogaliputta tirUnuM ja e kAma hatuM; paNa e ja hetuthI azoke lIdhelA upAyonI sAthe temane kAMI lAgatuMvaLagatuM na hatuM. potAnA dharmane AgaLa dhapAvavAnA kAme azokane pitAnA samasta rAjyataMtranI tema ja pitAno sarakArI nANAMnI madada hatI, ane pitAnA badhA amaladAranA hAthe dharmopadezanuM kAma paNa karAvavAne lagatI navIna paNa asarakAraka

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153 paddhati teNe yojI hatI. tethI karIne sAtvika tema ja vistRta pariNAme jhapATAbaMdha Ave, evI AzA ApaNe svAbhAvika rIte rAkhI zakIe. vaLI, bauddhabhikSuoe paNa khUba mahenata laIne e ja dizAmAM kAma karyuM hatuM, e vAta ApaNe yAda rAkhIe to azakanI tema ja temanI sahagAmI pravRttine asAdhAraNa phateha maLelI joIne ApaNane navAI lAgavI na joIe. e phateha kevI rIte mUrtimaMta thaI? IsvIsananI pahelAMnA trIjA saikAnA madhyabhAgathI mAMDIne pachIthI bauddhapaMtha atizaya vistRta pradezamAM ekadama phelAte gaye. hiMdustAnanAM tema ja aphaghAnistAnanAM vividha sthaLe stUpo tema ja maTha ane guphAo vagere dharmAlayo UbhAM thayAM. e samayamAM bauddhapaMtha eTaluM badhuM agrasthAna bhogavato hato ke, teNe bIjA lagabhaga badhA ja dharmone aMdhakAramAM nAkhI dIdhA hatA. e dharmonA sthApatyanA ke sAhityanA thoDA ja avazeSa Aje jaDI Ave che. paraMtu A badhAnuM kharekharUM mAna te I. sa. nI trIjI sadInA phirastArUpa bauddharAja azokane ja maLavuM joIe. chaThTha prakaraNa sAmAjika ane dhArmika jIvana. (azokanI gharmalipionA AdhAre) je sAmAjika ane dhArmika vAtAvaraNamAM rahIne azoka pitAnuM kAma karato hato te sAmAjika ane dhArmika vAtAvaraNano vicAra ApaNe na karIe tyAM sudhI azokanA saMbaMdhamAM tema ja teNe karelA kAmanA saMbaMdhamAM spaSTa khyAla ApaNane AvI zake nahi. ahIM eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke, A prakaraNamAM

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154 e bAbatane pUrepUro khyAla paNa ApI zakAya tema nathI. azokanI dharmalipio A viSathanI bAbatamAM zuM jaNAve che, e tapAsavuM; ane jyAM khAsa jarUra jaNAya tyAM ja bahAranAM sAdhanonI madadathI A viSayane vadhAre spaSTa banAvavo : e ja ApaNo hetu che. ApaNuM dezanA te kALanA dhArmika jIvananA saMbaMdhamAM jeTalI mAhitI maLI zake tema hoya teTalI mAhitI meLavavAno prayatna prathama to ApaNe karazuM azoka je dharmAcaraNano upadeza pitAnI prajAne kareluM che te dharmAcaraNamAM ""brAhmaNa ane zramaNa" paratve mAnapUrvaka vartaNuka" ne samAveza teNe karela che, e ApaNe joI gayA chIe. "brAhmaNa ane zramaNo" e vAkyane artha barAbara samajavAmAM AvyuM nathI. "brAhmaNo ane sAdhuo" athavA "brAhmaNo ane bhikSuo: evo tene medhama artha karavAmAM AveluM che. pAlibhASAnA sAhityamAM -dAkhalA tarIke, mAni vALa puramAM -e ja vAkya vaparAeluM che; ane adhyApaka hAIsa Devijha sAhebe teno artha A karyo che -"jIvananI sAdhutAthI banelA brAhmaNo"1 paraMtu e karmadhAraya samAsa nathI. e te ThaMdrasamAsa che; ane tethI tene artha A karavAno che -"brAhmaNa ane zramaNa." pAlibhASAmAM lakhAelA badhA bauddhagraMthomAM jyAM jyAM zramaNonI sAthe sAthe brAhmaNone gaNAvavAmAM AvelA che tyAMtyAM te bannene UMcAmAM UMcI keTInA ane ekasarakhA pramANamAM pavitra ane mAnanIya mAnavAmAM AvelA chee rIte jotAM teo be paraspara virodhI bhikSusaMdhe hatA. brAhmaNe bhikSuo ane sAdhuo hatA, ane temanA dharmasiddhAMto vedone anusaratA hatA. zramaNa paNa bhikSuo ane sAdhuo hatA; paNa temanA dharmasiddhAto brAhmaNagraMthomAMnA dhamasiddhAMtothI viruddha hatA. e banne saMghanA lekenA dharmasiddhAMta 1. se. muM. i, 11, 15. 2. I. ane 1891, pR. 263.

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155 jAdAjUdA hatA tA paNue leAkAekasarakhuM sAdhujIvana gALI zaktA ane sAmAnya leAkeAnA samAna sanmAnane pAtra nIvaDI zakatA. A ja kAraNe buddhanA samayamAM zramaNAne jeTaluM mAna maLatuM teTaluM ja mAna prAhmaNabhikSuone pazu maLatuM; ane azAka peAte e banne prakAranA saMdhAne ekasarakhuM mAna ApatA tema ja potAnI prajAne tevuM vatana rAkhavAnA Agraha karatA, enuM kAraNa paNa e ja che. aroAkanA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM traNa dharmasaMpradAyAnA ullekha karavAmAM AvelA cheH (1) sadha; (2) brAhmaNa AchA; ane (3) niAthe!. ahIM eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, azAka peAte kahe che tema A dharmasa MpradAyAnA uparAMta khIjA paNa dha`saMpradAyA hatA. paraMtu e bIjA dharmasaMpradAyAnAM nAma na gaNAvatAM mAtra uta traNa dharmAMsaMpradAyAnAM nAma ja teNe gaNAvela che tethI karIne eTaluM te spaSTa thAya che ke, tenA peAtAnA samayamAM e traNa dharmasaMpradAyA ja sauthI vadhAre mahattvanA manAtA hatA. ukta traNa dharmAMsAMpradAyeA paikInA 'sadha' teA ezaka muhaMsadha' ja hAvA joIe. azeka pAte bauddhapathI hatA tethI svAbhAvika rIte ja teNe yuddhasadhanuM nAma prathama gaNAvyuM che. mAtra eka apavAda ApaNe bAda karIe te azeAkanA samayanA bauddhapaMthanI khAsiyatAnI kAMi paNa mAhitI ApaNane maLatI nathI. niglIyanA sta MbhalekhamAM kAnAkamana (kanaka-- muni ?) buddhanA ullekha che, e ukta apavAda che. e sta'bhalekhamAM azAka kahe che ke, peAtAnA rAjakALanA vIsamA varSamAM ukta sthaLanI mulAkAta teNe pete lIdhelI te vakhate bIjI veLAe e khuddhanA stUpane teNe pAte meATA karAvelA. AthI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, azAkanA samayathI ja gautamanA dharmamAM AgaLanA muddonA saMpradAya sADAvA lAgyA hatA. azoke jaNAvelA nigraMtha' tA ezaka mahAvIra svAmInA anuyAyIo- jainapathanA sabhya-tarIke

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156 oLakhAtA nirca" hovA joIe. have "Achavake 1 bAkI rahyA. emane "brAhmaNa kahyA che, e jarA navAIbhareluM che. ene artha barAbara spaSTa thato nathI. paraMtu ema lAge che ke, AchavakenA be vargo haze :-(1) brAhmaNa Achavake; ane (2) abrAhmaNa AjIvaDe. te paikInA abrAhmaNa Avake jenalakanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA haze, ane brAhmaNa Avake to pANinie ane pataMjalie ullekhelA parivAjo haze. AjIvakenA e be dharmasaMpradAyanA dharmasiddhAMta ane temanI dharmakriyAo Aje to atizaya mizrA thaI gaelAM che. tema chatAM paNa temanA dharmasiddhAMtanI ane temanI dharmakriyAonI vacce kAMi bhedabhAva che ke kema, e jevuM rasabharyuM thaI paDe tema che. mAtra eka ja dAkhale le. amuka AdhArabhUta dharmagraMthamAM kahyuM che ke, Achake mAchalI khAtA. paraMtu bIjA bauddhagra thamAM to temane jIvahiMsAnA virodhI gaNyA che. Ama A dAkhalAmAM ukta be matano meLa maLato nathI. vaLI, keTalAMka boddhasatramAM kahyuM che tema, Achavake karmanI gyatAmAM mAnatA nahi; to pachI, bIjAM keTalAMka sUtromAM kahyuM che tema, teo agharAmAM agharI jAtanuM dhArmika tapa karatA, e kema bane ? ghaNuM karIne ahIM parasparavidhI siddhAMtane ane kriyAone jabare khIcaDe thai gayo che. ukta siddhAMta ane kriyAo AjIvakone je je vargane yogya hoya te te vargane vaheMcI ApavAmAM Ave te ja A goTALAno nikAla thaI zake. ahIM to ApaNe eTaluM ja dhyAnamAM levAnuM che ke, AjIvakonA 1. ja. DI. le, 2, 1-80. "AchavakeTane lagate zrIyuta veNImAdhava vaNane vidvatAbharyA lekha. judAM judAM sAdhananA AdhAre temane lagatI jeTalI mAhitI maLe che teTalI mAhitI e lekhamAM grathita thaelI che. paraMtu AchavakenA nidAna be vargo hatA, e anumAna te zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakaranuM pitAnuM ja che, ane te vicArArtha vAcakenI samakSa temaNe 2% kareluM che.

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157 be vargo hoya te te paikInA brAhmaNa AjIvane varga vadhAre mahatvane hovo joIe ane ghaNuM karIne e ja varganA AchavAne mATe azake varvara(bAbara)nI guphA banAvaDAvI hatI. vaLI, eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, ukta brAhmaNazramaNone ke artha azoka pote karato ho, e te pote ja ApaNane ahIM kahI batAve che. aze ke je saMdha ane nigraMtha gaNAvela che te "zramaNo che ane je Achavake gaNavelA che te "brAhmaNa' che. A dharmasaMpradAyane mATe azeke " 6 zabda vAparelo che. saMskRta bhASAnA paMDa' zabdanI uparathI e zabda banelo che. ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. koTikRta "arthazAstra"mAMthI jaNAya che tema, azokanA samayamAM paNa e zabdane artha dharmavirodhI thato hate. paraMtu azake e arthamAM e zabdano upayoga karyo nathI; kAraNa ke, teNe potAnA dharmane paNa Ta' kahyo che. vaLI, eTaluM paNa yAda rAkhavAnuM che ke, je cauda mukhya zilAlekhomAM e zabda jovAmAM Ave che te paikInA zAhabAjhagaDhInA ane manathahara (majorA)nA zilAlekhamAM to "pi zabada vaparAelA che. e zabda saMskRta bhASAnA "pArSada zabdane maLato nathI paNa "pArSada (5rSadanA sabhya) zabdane maLato che. paNa saMskRta sAhityamAM jaIne artha "dharmapariSada thAya che. A pArSada' zabdane artha azokanA "pAsa" zabdanA arthane barAbara maLatA nathI te paNa tene lagabhaga maLato te che. azokanA samayamAM "pArSada zabadano artha 'pAsa' zabdanA arthane maLatuM hoya, e banavAjoga che. pASaDanA be vargo hatAH(1) prajita athavA bhikSuo; ane (2) gRhastha athavA gRhasthAzramI le. potAnA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM tema ja sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM azake e be vargone ullekha karelo che. "pAra' zabdanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvato zabda una che. azakanA dhaMra athavA "dharma" zabdane artha zo thato hato, e

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158 ApaNe joI gayA chIe. dhArmika pharajonI smRti te dharma": e artha azoka karatA hatA. te pote bauddha upAsaka hatuM tethI gRhasthAzramIne mATe bAddhapaMthe TharAvI ApelI pharajone samAveza teNe svAbhAvika rIte temAM karyo hato. tema chatAM paNa eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, bIjA pAkhaMDomAM paNa lagabhaga e ja pharaja gaNAvavAmAM AvatI hatI, e vAta tenA dhyAnanI bahAra na hatI. ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe tema, pitAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoka kabula kare che ke, je nItiviSayaka AcaraNone Agraha dharmanA nAme te pote kare che te ja nItiviSayaka AcaraNone upadeza brAhmaNonA tema ja zramaNonA pArthaDe paNa ekasarakhI rIte kare che. TUMkamAM kahetAM, badhA pAkhaMDono e ne e ja dhama che, ema azake jaNAveluM che. A ja kAraNe potAnA sAtamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te kahe che ke, "sarva pApaM sarvatra bhale vase, kAraNa ke, teo badhA ja saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi Icche che." vaLI pitAnA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM paNa te kahe che ke, dharmanA sAranI vRddhi thAya teTalA mATe lokoe ekabIjAnA mukhathI dharmane sAMbhaLavA joIe. ahIM eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, amuka saddaguNo ane sadAcaraNone upadeza sarva pAkhaMDe ekasarakhI rIte karatA hatA, ane temanI dRSTie te "dharma gaNatA hate. AnA saMbaMdhamAM adhyApaka hUAsa DeviDmanA vicAre ahIM AvyA che - "dharmane kAyado gaNelo che. paNa kAyado' zabdane je artha hAla thAya che te arthane kAMI paNa aMza "dharma" zabdamAM jovAmAM Avato nathI. AnA saMbaMdhamAM e zabda vaparAya che tyAre to tene artha rUDhine anusarIne je karavuM paDyuM che te thAya che. AthI karIne tene artha barAbara dharma to thatuM ja nathI. AnA saMbaMdhamAM te zabada vaparAya che tyAre tene artha te yogya bhAvanAvALA mANasane mATe je kArya yogya che te athavA te "samaju mANasa ravAbhAvika

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159 rIte je Acare te' thAya che. karmakAMDane lagatA ke adhyAtmavidyAne lagatA sarva praznanAthI te taddana alaga rahe che. 1 peAtAnA khIjA gauNa zilAlekhamAM tema ja anyatra amukaamuka nItiviSayaka karajo gaNAvatAM A ja kAraNe azAka TUMkANamAM kahe che ke, e karajo tA potAnA jiti viyAvule che --eTale ke, (manuSyanA) purANI ane dIrghAyuSI prakRti che. adhyApaka AlI teA eka DagaluM AgaLa bharIne ApaNune kahe che ke, dharmatA " samasta sa MskRtasAhityamAMnA vistRtamAM vistRta ane sauthI vadhAre mahattvanA zabdo paikInA eka (zabda) che. hiMdu bhASyakArAe teneA artha samajAvatAM kahyuM che ke, AtmAnA 'apUrva' guNa janmAvanArI je kriyA che te dharma che tema ja svargIya sukhanuM ane meAkSanuM kAraNa paNa dhama che."2 e rIte jotAM rUDhine anusaratuM je kAryAM hoya ane yAgya bhAvanAvALA isama svAbhAvika rIte je kare ane je svargIya sukhanuM kAraNa che te dhama' che. azAke paNu tenA evA ja a karelA che. peAtAnA navamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM teNe spaSTa rIte kahyuM che ke, " ahIMnuM dareka mAMgaLa saMzayavALu` che. kadAca te e hetune saphaLa kare, ane kadAca te A lAkamAM na rahe. maMgaLa kALavaza nathI. te e hetune A lAkamAM to paNa paralAkamAM te anata puNyane prasave che. paraMtu A dharmasaphaLa karatuM nathI "" ja dharma' zabdanA upalA athI mATeA savAla UbhA thAya che; kAraNa ke, tenA artha evA che ke, satkama pAte ja phaLadAyI che; ane kAi paNu devanI AData vinA te svargIya sukha ApI zake che. AthI ja smitha sAhebe azekanA dharmane izvara vinAnA 1. " buddhisTa iMDiyA " ( bauddha hi'dustAna), pR. 292. 2. e. rI. e., 4, 702

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160 IzvaravAda kahyo che.1 paraMtu smitha sAhebe je kahyuM che te azokanA dharmane lAgU paDe che tema tenA samayanA bIjA ghaNAkharA pASAne paNa lAgu paDe che. azokanA samaya sudhI te karmavAdamAM leke pUrNaze mAnatA hatA. satkarmo karIne ane potAnA karmanA pariNAmamAM -A lekamAMnA pitAnA satkarmanA badalA tarIke- paralokamAM eka ke bIjA deva tarIke janmavAnI AzA rAkhIne sAmAnya loke saMtoSa mAnatA hatA. karmane tathA tenA pariNAmamAM thanArA punarjanmane nAza karavAno prayatna karavAnuM kAma to brAhmaNa ane zramaNa sAdhuone soMpAyuM hatuM, ane tethI karIne jIvatA AtmadevamAM mAnavAnI kAMI jarUra rahI na hatI. isvIsananA pahelAMnI pAMcamI sadIthI mAMDIne azekanA samaya sudhImAM vArApharatI aneka saMpradAya ane pASA. jamyA hatA, ane te paikInA dareka saMpradAya ane pASaDe vyaktigata AtmAnA mokSane lagate potAne khAsa siddhAMta rajU karyo hato. paraMtu eka ke be apavAda bAda karatAM bAkInA saune karmavAdano meha lAgyo hato; ane tethI evA sau ema kahetA ke, mAtra karmathI ja vyaktine mokSa thAya che. bauddhapaMtha A hato. Achavake Ama kahetA. jenapaMtha paNa A hate. kharuM jotAM bhaktimArganA leke sivAyanA sau Ama mAnatA. bhaktimArgane karmavAdane raMga lAgelo. nahi. temAM ema kahyuM hatuM ke, paramAtmAnI bhaktithI ja mokSa maLI zake che. paraMtu e samaya sudhI bhaktimArga AgaLa paDato na hato. azokanA samayanI pachI turta ja bhaktimArga AgaLa AvavA lAgyA. kharuM jotAM te eTale badhe AgaLa AvI gayA hatA ke, ATalA samaya sudhI ATalA badhA AgaLa AvelA bauddhapaMthanA upara ja bhaktimArge bhaktinI chApa pADI dIdhI. ukta lokadharmanA bIjA eka tattvo ullekha paNa pitAnA eka zilAlekhamAM azeke karelo che. hiMdustAnamAM karmavAda eTale 1. "azaka', pR. 33-34

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161 badhA ekAkAra thaI gayuM hatuM ke, mAtra karma ja mahatvanuM ane phaLadAyI gaNAtuM hatuM ane AtmadevanI pUjAnA saMbaMdhamAM tema ja tenI sAthenA ekanA saMbaMdhamAM cheDe ja vicAra karavAmAM Avato hatA : e vAta kharI che; paraMtu paralekanA jIvananA paratve ja A vAta sAcI Thare che. A lekanA jIvananuM zuM? prAcIna kALanA hiMduo aihika sukhane mATe ane AnaMdane mATe bedarakAra rahe eTalA badhA tatvajJAnI ane duniyAdArIthI vimukha hoya, e mAnI zakAtuM ja nathI. potAnA navamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoka kahe che ke, "mAMdagImAM, lagnaprasaMge, putralAbhanA prasaMge ane musApharImAM leke, aneka (zubha) maMgaLo kare che. A ane AvA bIjA prasaMge leke aneka maMgaLa kare che. paraMtu A bAbatamAM trIjAti ghaNAM ane ghaNI jAtanAM, (paraMtu) zudra ane arthahIna maMgaLa kare che." A varNana azenA samayanA lekanI mAnyatAne sAre khyAla Ape che. pAlibhASAnA bauddhagraMthomAM je yakSe tathA cA tema ja gaMdharvo ane nAgo ityAdine lagatI hakIkata ApaNA jevAmAM Ave che te saunI pUjA azokanA samayamAM cAlu haze, evuM anumAna ApaNe upalI hakIkatanA AdhAre karI zakIe chIe. A dharmamaMgaLo karavAno zokha khAsa karIne strIone vadhAre hatuM, evuM azoke kahyuM che te kharuM che; ema ukta bauddhagraMthonA AdhAre batAvI ApavAnuM kAma kAMI azakya nathI. lekenI A mAnyatAnI sAme azoka koI jAtane virodha karato na hato. te kahe che ke, "alabata, maMgaLe te karavAM joIe. paNa AvI jatanuM maMgaLa thoDuM ja phaLa Ape che." AvAM maMgaLonI sarakhAmaNI - dharmamaMgaLanI sAthe karatAM te AnA saMbaMdhamAM ja kahe che ke, A lokamAM ukta maMgaLanuM phaLa saMzayabharyuM che tyAre dharmamaMgaLe kaLathI abAdhita che ane nidAna paralekamAM bezaka anaMta puNyane prasavanArAM,

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16ra sAmAjika jIvananA saMbaMdhamAM paNa azokanI dharmalipiomAMthI rasabharI mAhitI meLavI zakAya che. hiMdusamAjajIvananI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI aneka, mahattvanI bAbato paikInI eka bAbata to "zAstroe vihita ke avihita gaNelA khorAkane vicAra " che. je prANIonA tathA pakSIonA ane mAchalIonA vadhanI baMdhI azoke pote karelI temanAM nAma pitAnA pAMcamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM teNe gaNAvelAM che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. temAMnAM keTalAMka nAmo te taddana ajANyAM che; paNa bIjA keTalAka nAma ApaNane jANItAM che. temanA saMbaMdhamAM azoka kahe che ke, temane khAvAmAM vAparavAmAM AvatAM nathI tema bIjo koI upayogamAM levAmAM AvatAM nathI". ahIM " bIjA koI upayogamAM levAmAM AvatAM nathI " evuM kahIne azoka zuM kahevA mAge che? e barAbara spaSTa thatuM nathI. je prANIone khAvAmAM vAparavAmAM AvatAM nahi te paNa davAdArUnA ane zaNagAranA kAme jemano vadha kare paDato te prANIone ullekha ghaNuM karIne te ahIM karato haze, ema lAge che. AvAM prANuonI je yAdI azeke ApelI che te yAdInI sAthe dharmasUtroe ke dharmasaMhitAoe khAvAnA ke vadhanA kAme vihita ke avihita gaNelAM prANIonI yAdInI sarakhAmaNa ApaNe karazuM te ApaNane bahu navAI lAgaze. alabatta, keTalAMka prANuone te azake tema ja dharmazAstroe avihita gaNelAM che. dAkhalA tarIke, mUka (popaTa); sArikA; cakravAka ane haMsa. 1 paraMtu bIjA keTalAMka prANuo azokanA samayamAM avihita hatAM tyAre smRtikAe vihita gaNyAM hatAM. ahIM paNa pAchA be vargo paDe che-(1) sarva smRtikAe 1. " enimalsa Ina dhI Iskripzansa oNpha piyasi"(piyadasinI dharmalipiomAMnAM prANIo) nAmaka vidvAna laghulekha zrIyuta manamohana cakatae lakhelo che te AnA saMbaMdhamAM khAsa mananIya che. (me. e. se. meM, pu. 1, saM. 17)

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163 vihita gaNelAM prANuo; ane (2) amuamuka smRtie vihita gaNelAM prANIo. sarva smRtikAe kaphaTa (kAcabo) ane Dudi (kAcabI) tathA sayaka (sADI) vihita gayAM che tyAre azake temane avihita gaNyAM che. bIjA varganA prANIne eka ja dAkhale maLe che. aze ke sTa? (Dukkara) avihita gayuM che tyAre yAjJavaka tathA gautame tema ja manue ane Apastabe tene vihita gayuM che, ane vasiSTha tathA bauddhAyane tenI bAbatamAM zaMkA uThAvelI che. ahIM bahu ja jhINu vigatamAM UtaravAne IrAde ApaNe rAkhyo nathI. anyatra ja tenuM vivecana vistArapUrvaka karI zakAya. paraMtu AnA saMbaMdhamAM eka rasika bAbatane ApaNe UkhI na zakIe. je prANuono vadha azake taddana baMdha karele paNa smRtioe jemane khAvAnA kAme amuka aMze ke pUrNa aMze vihita gaNela te prANIonI yAdIne vicAra atyArasudhImAM ApaNe karI gayA. paraMtu ghaNuMkharI smRtioe avihita gaNeluM- paNa azokanA samayamAM khAvAnA kAme vaparAtuM- prANuM paNa hatuM. alabatta, ahIM ApaNe "moranI vAta karIe chIe. madhyadezanA lokone moranuM mAMsa bahu bhAvatuM hatuM. badhA jIvonI rakSA karavAnuM kAma azake UpADI lIdheluM te paNa ghaNuM kALa payata morane vadha te darabArI raseDAmAM thato hatA. paraMtu eka dharmasUtra sivAyanAM badhAM dharmasUtroe meranA vadhanA pApamAMthI chUTavAne mATe tapa karavAnI AjJA karelI che. judAMjudAM dharmasUtronA samayanI ane Adhunika baMdhAraNanI carcAmAM UtaravuMH e A prakaraNane hetu nathI. paraMtu azokanA lekhavALA badhA ja thAMbhalAo madhyadezamAMthI maLI AvelA che tethI ema phalita thAya che ke, vihita ke avihita rAkane lagatI je cIjo temAM gaNAvelI che te ukta dezane uddezIne gaNAvAelI hovI joIe. dharmasutro paikInA bauddhAyanadharmasUtramAM ane vasiSadharmasatramAM 1. juo pR. 15-16 - --

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164 AryAvarta (madhyadeza)nAM rItirivAjonuM ekIkaraNa thaeluM manAya che. bauddhAyanadharmasUtramAM kahyuM che ke, uttara dizAnAM rItirivAje uttarahiMdustAnamAM paLAvAM joIe, ane dakSiNadizAnAM rItirivAje dakSiNa-hiMdustAnamAM paLAvAM joIe. paraMtu vasiSadharmasUtramAM kahyuM che ke, AryAvartamAM maMjura rakhAelAM rItirivAjo sarvatra pramANa tarIke svIkArAvAM joIe. badhI smRtioe moranA mAMsane avihita gayuM hatuM tyAre madhyadezane lagatA bauddhAyane ane vasiSTha tema karyuM na hatuM, e hakIktanI sAthe upalI hakIkatane meLa maLe che. ApaNA dezanA saMbaMdhamAM ApaNe eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, bauddhapaMthanI ane jenapaMthanI satata vadhatI jatI asarane laine phalAhAranI dizAmAM saunuM valaNa satata vadhatuM jatuM hatuM, ane tethI, prathama vihita manAe kherAka pAchaLathI avihita manAya, e saMbhavita hatuM; paNa prathama avihita manAe khorAka pAchaLathI vihita manAya, e te bane tema hatuM ja nahi. bauddhAyane tema ja vasiSTha pAMcananI prANIo -sAhuDI ane kAcabo- khAvAmAM vAparavAnI chUTa ApelI che; paNa DukkaranI bAbatamAM te temane abhiprAya Dhacupacu che. paraMtu azokanA samayamAM te Dukkara tema ja sAhuDI ane kAcabo avihita manAtAM hatAM. A badhI carcA dhyAnamAM letAM to ApaNe kahI zakIe ke, azokanA samayanI pachI ja dharmasUtro racAyAM hovAM joIe. samAjajIvananA saMbaMdhamAM bIjI rasabharI bAbata "strIonI sthiti" che. sAdhAraNa rIte ema manAya che ke, prAcIna kALamAM te ApaNuM dezamAM strIone ekAMtavAsa ajANyo ja hato. vaLI, ema paNa manAya che ke, musalamAnee ja ApaNA dezamAM paDadAno rivAja dAkhala karele che. paraMtu A mAnyatA cheka ja bhUlabharelI che. bhAsanAM 1, 1, 1, 2, 1-1. 2. 1, 10,

Page #187
ane kALidAsanAM nATakano abhyAsa karatAM ApaNuM khAtrI thAya che ke, temanA samayamAM te paDadAno rivAja pracalita hatA ja. IsvIsananI trIjI sadImAM thaI gaelA vAtsyAyananA " kAmasUtra"thI paNa A vAtane majabUta Take maLe che. paraMtu IsvIsananA pahelAMnA samayamAM paNa e rivAja pracalita hatuM, ema kahI zakAya che. ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke, azoke pitAnA "navaya' (jhanAnA)ne ullekha kare che. kauTilyakRta "arthazAstramAM paNa e ja arthavALe "saMtapura" zabda vaparAele che. je aMta:pura kevI rIte bAMdhavuM tema ja bahAranA lekethI tene kevI rIte rakSavuM. e bAbatanI sUcanAo paNa kauTilya pitAnA e graMthamAM ApelI che. vaLI, "rAmAyaNamAM paNa strIonA ekAMtavAsanA rivAjanA aneka ullekha thaelA che. A bAbatano jUnAmAM jUne ullekha pANinie (3, 2, 36 mAM) karela che. teNe "gaIkA " zabda vApare che. "kAzikAmAM tenI samajUtI Ama ApI che majUpiyA agara (sUryane na jenArI rANuo). "kAzikAe paraMparAgata dAkhalo ApatAM Ama kahyuM hoya te ene artha eTale ja thAya ke, pANininA samayamAM rANAe eTale badhe sakhata jhanAno pALavo paDaze ke, sUryane paNa jovAnI taka temane maLatI nahi vaLI, mAMdagInA ane lagnanA tema ja putralAbhanA ane masAkarInA tathA anya prasaMge karavAmAM AvatAM maMgaLAnA ulekha potAnA navamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM karatAM azoke kahyuM che ke, "chInati ghaNAM ane ghaNI jAtanAM, (paraMtu) suda ane arthahIna maMgaLo kare che." jUnA vicAranI hAlanI hiMdu-mIo paNa lagabhaga 1. sa. A. mu. si. nyu. va. 3, bhAga 1, pR. 337 ane 359-360. 2, pR. 40 ane AgaLa.

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166 e ja praNAlikAne vaLagI rahetI ApaNe joie chIe. menyAma nAmaka lekhake eka sthaLe je TIkA karelI che te ahIM yAda AvI jAya che. te kahe che ke, " strInA dharma vahemanI bAjue eTale jhINIjhINI kriyAonI tarapha vadhAre sahelAithI DhaLI paDe che. 1 HH azAkanA samayamAM samAjanuM baMdhAraNa kevuM hatuM, e ApaNe jAtA nathI. paraMtu tenI dharmalipimAM be ke traNa sthaLe kAMika izArA thaelA che tenA AdhAre ApaNane te samayanA samAjabaMdhAraNanA kAMika khyAla AvI zake che. azAkanA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che ke, 'bhaTamanya' brAhmaNNAnI ane 'bhyA'nI sAthe dhamahAmAtrAe sabaMdha rAkhavAnA che. ahIM bezaka sAmAnya duniyAnA brAhmaNAnA ja ullekha thaelA che. zramaNAnI sAthe gaNAvAtA brAhmaNa sAdhue ane bhikSue ahIM ullekhAelA nathI. '' zabda kAMIka vicitra che. " upaniSado "mAM mAtra eka ja prasaMge te zabda vaparAelA che. pAlibhASAnA sAhityamAM paNa te zabda jovAmAM Ave che. "mahAnArada-kasapa-jAtaka" mAM e zabda vaparAyA che, ane bhASyakAre tenA a'nadapati' (gRhapati) karyA che. brAhmaNAnI varNAzramapaddhatimAMnA vaizvA sAdhAraNa rIte gRhapati kahevAya che. paNa 'velsa' (vaizya)zabda tA siddhAMtaviSayaka carcAnA saMbaMdhamAM ja pAlibhASAnA graMthAmAM vaparAyA che. vaizyAnI jUdI ja jJAti hatI, evI matalabanuM lakhANa pAlibhASAnA graMthAmAM tA kAI sthaLe jovAmAM AvatuM nathI.2 paraMtu samAjabaMdhAraNamAM ibyA'nA (gRRspatine) khAsa jUle varga hatA kharA. kSatriyAnI ane brAhmaNAnI pachI mukAtA e abhijanA(umarAve)nA 1. thIarI Aph lejislezana ' (kAyadA ghaDavAne lagatA siddhAMta) (paeNTaranIsTara lAyabrerI, 1896), pR. 39. r 2. phikrUta " seAziyala oNrgenijhezana, eTa seTarA '' (sAmAjika vyavasthA, vagere) (bhASAMtara), pR. 251 ane bhAgaLa. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 66 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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167 vaga hatA. azAkanI dha`lipiemAM eka pazu sthaLe kSatriyAnA ullekha thaelA nathI, e jarA navAbharyuM lAgaze. paraMtu ApaNe eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joie ke, vaizyAnI mAka kSatriyA paNa ceAdhava tarIke hayAtI dharAvatA na hatA. e prAcIna samayamAM rAjavanA leAkAne ja kSatriyA gaNavAmAM AvatA hatA; ane azAkanA peAtAnA samayamAM tenAM peAtAnAM sagAMsabadhIonA tema ja tenA khaDiyA rAjAoneA ane dakSiNa-hiMdustAnamAMnA aMtAne (sarahadI prAMtAnA rAnanA ) samAveza e kSatriyAnA rAjavamAM thatA hatA. emanA ullekha tA azAke potAnI dha lipimAM karelA che, e ApaNe joyuM che. kSatriyA(yAdhava)nI mAphaka zUdro paNa mAtra siddhAMtaviSayaka carcAmAM ja dekhA detA hatA. jJAti ke viziSTa varga tarIke temanI jarA paNu hayAtI na hatI. azAkanA samayamAM samAjanA halakA vargo 'bhUtakA'(veThe pakaDAtA majurA) ane 'dAsA' (gulAmeA) tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. emanI sAthe dayAbhAvathI vavAnI AjJA azeke karelI che. je nItiviSayaka pharajo teNe dharma" tarIke gaNAvI che te nItiviSayaka pharajomAM e bAbatane paNa samAveza teNe karelA che. Aje varNAzramapaddhatinA jevA Ja ApaNe samajIe chIe tene a je samayamAM samajavAmAM AvatA na hatA te samayanA samAjabaMdhAraNamAM 'bhRtA' ane 'dAsAnA khAsa jUdA varga gaNAtA hatA. Aje ApaNA dezamAM gulAmAnI hayAtI rahI nathI. veThe pakaDAtA majurA tA. hajI hayAta che; paNa vividha jJAtienA leAkeAne majura tarIke veThe pakaDavAmAM Ave che. hAlanA samAjabaMdhAraNanuM khAsa lakSaNa 'varSAM' nathI paNa 'jJAtio' che. azAkanA samayanA ApaNA dezanA samAjajIvanane lagatI bIjI eka khAmatanA izArA tenA bIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM karavAmAM AvelA che. temAM te kahe che ke, tenA potAnA sAmrAjyamAM

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168 tema ja pADAsanAM svataMtra rAjyamAM teNe be prakAranI cikitsA sthApI hatI -(1) manuSpacikitsA; ane (2) pazucikitsA. vaLI, te ema paNa kahe che ke, jyAM jyAM auSadhio tema ja mULiyAM ane phaLo na hatAM tyAM tyAM te sau levaDAvI jaIne teNe pite ropAvyAM hatAM. e zilAlekhanA AdhAre ApaNe ema samajavAnuM che ke, azoke manuSyone mATe davAkhAnAM sthApyAM hatAM ane pazuone mATe pAMjarApoLa sthApI hatI. kadAnathI cAlatI saMsthAo sthApavAne lagatI paddhati hiMdustAnanA bIjA bhAgamAM hatI ke kema, e kahevuM agharuM che; paNa muMbAI IlAkAmAM to e paddhati ajANI na hatI. I. sa. nA aDhAramA saikAnI noMdhonA AdhAre ApaNe kahI zakIe chIe ke, mahArASTramAM tema ja gujarAtamAM garIba ane nirAdhAra lekene vaidyakIya madada mata ApavAnI vyavasthA rAjAo ane bhAyAto ghaNuMkharUM karatA, ane tenA pariNAmamAM kAMI paNa bhADuM na letAM maphata jamInanuM ke gAmanuM dAna vaidyane karavAmAM AvatuM. vaLI evA prakAranI jamInanA TukaDAmAM auSadhio UgADavI, evuM lakhANa keTalAMka tAmrapatromAM khAsa jovAmAM Ave che. 1 pAMjarApoLa te Aje paNa hiMdustAnanA pazcimabhAgamAM jovAmAM Ave che. aDhAramA saikAnA chevaTanA bhAgamAM suratamAM je pAMjarApiLa cAlatI hatI tene ullekha hemilTana sAhebe kale che. je game te jJAtinA ke jAtinA dhaNInAM je DherenA avayava bhAMgI gayA hoya (eTale ke, je Dhora apaMga thayAM hoya) te Dherene AvI pAMjarA 1. * sIlekazansa bha dhI sAtArA rAjA aDadhI pezvAjha DAyarI" (sAtArAnA rAjAonI ane pezvAonI nityanedhamAMthI cUMTI kADhelI nedho), pR. 8, pR. 221-223; esa. eca. heDIvALAkRta "sTaDIjha Ina pArasI hisTarI" (pArasIonA ItihAsane abhyAsa), pR. 186-188 2. hemilTanata "DIskripzana epha hiMdostAna" (hiMdustAnanuM varNana) (1920), pu. 1, pR. 718, cothI AvRtti.

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169 piLAmAM dAkhala karavAmAM Ave che. A vAta ahIM barAbara baMdha bese che, kAraNa ke, pite manuSyacikitsAnI tema ja pazucikitsAnI sthApanA karI hatI, ema jaNAvIne azoka evuM kahevA mAge che ke, manuSyone maphata davA vaheMcavAnA irAdAthI teNe pite dharmAdA davAkhAnAM sthApyAM hatAM, ane pazuone mATe pAMjarApoLanA jevI saMsthA sthApI hatI. jyAM jyAM auSadhio tathA mULiyAM ane phaLo na hatAM tyAMtyAM te sau levaDAvI jaIne teNe pote repAvyAM hatAM, ema azake je kahyuM che teno artha ApaNe e karavAne che ke, turta upayogamAM laI zakAya tevI davAo taiyAra rahe teTalA mATe ukta saMsthAonA aMge teNe khetaranI vyavasthA karI hatI. rogI manuSyane ke pazuone maphata davA pUrI pADavAne lagatI je paddhati hiMdustAnanA pazcima bhAgamAM IsvIsananA aDhAramA saikAmAM hayAta hatI te paddhati IsvIsananI pahelAMnI trIjI sadImAM paNa hayAta hatI, e joIne kharekhara navAI lAge che. vaLI vadhArAmAM eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, te samayamAM jANItI sarva davAo azekanI popakAravRttine laIne AkhI duniyAne maLI zaktI hatI. azokanA samayanI vidyAviSayaka bAjune vicAra ApaNe na karIe tyAMsudhI te samayanA samAjajIvananuM varNana adhUruM ja gaNAya. tethI karIne have ApaNe e bAbatanuM varNana TUMkAmAM karazuM. ahIM paNa eTaluM yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke, te samayanI khuda vidyAnA vikAsanI bAbatamAM te lagabhaga najIvI ja mAhitI azAkanI dharmalipiomAMthI ApaNane maLe che. tema chatAM paNa vidyAnA vAhanarUpa lekhana paddhati(varNamALA)nI ane belI(bhASA)nI bAbatamAM azokanI 1. A viSayanA saMbaMdhamAM kALajIpUrvaka zodha karavAnI jarUra che paNa daramyAnamAM jue che. ena. mukhopAdhyAyata "dhI sarjikala isyumenTasa opha dhI hiMdujha" (hiMduonAM vaidyakIya zo), pu. 1, pR. 34 ane AgaLa tathA pR. 48 ane AgaLa.

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170 RRlipimAMthI ApaNane ghaNuM jANavAnuM maLI Ave che. azAkanI dhamilipa e lipimAM kAtarAelI cheH-(1) brAhmI; ane (2) kharANI. zAhabAjhagaDhImAMthI ane manazahara(mansurA)mAMthI maLI AvelA cauda mukhya zilAlekhA kharoSThI lipimAM kAtarAelA che. krAi cInAi AdhArane pramANurUpa gaNIne byulara sAhebe varodhI' zabdane sAce| mAnyA che, ane e lipineA zeSa karanArA kAI 'dattaka' (khara=gadheDA, ane e=e) nAmaka RSinA nAmanI uparathI e zabdane temaNe vyutpanna mAnyA che. paraMtu khIjA kAi cInAi AdhArane pramANurUpa mAnIne zrIyuta sIphLana levI sAhebe 'volTrI' zabdane kharA mAnyA che, ane hiMdustAnanI hadanI bahAra tene lAgIne Avo rahelA 'lokTra' nAmaka krAi dezanA nAmanI uparathI te zabdane vyutpanna thaelA temaNe gaNyA che. bIjI lipi brAhmI' kahevAtI hatI tenu kAraNa e ke, te prahmAnA mukhamAMthI nIkaLelI manAya che. phArasI ane arakhI tathA urdu lipinI mAphka khareASThI lipi paNu jamaNI bAjuethI DAbI bAjue lakhAtI hatI, ane hAlanI bIjI badhI hiMdu-lipionI mAphaka brAhmI lipi paNa DAkhI bAjuethI jamaNI bAjue lakhAtI hatI. hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakANunA prAMtAmAM tema ja cInI turkastAna sudhInA pADAsanA pradezamAM kharoSThI lipi pracalita hatI. brAhmI lipi AkhA hiMdustAnamAM pracalita hatI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa je bhAgAmAM kharoSThI lipi pracalita hatI te bhAgAmAM paNa te pracalita hatI. isvIsananA pAMcamA saikAnA arasAmAM kharAkhI lipi svAbhAvika rIte nirmULa thaI gaI hatI; paNa brAhmI lipi tA hiMdustAnamAMnI tema ja siMhaladvIpamAMnI ane brahmadezamAMnI tathA tibheTamAMnI svadezI lipienI mAtA gaNAya che. kharAThI lipi jamaNI bAjuethI DAbI bAjue lakhAtI hatI, e ja ema sAbIta kare che ke, e lipinuM mULa semiTika' hAvu joie. ekImIniyana laoNkAnA rAja

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171 kALa daramyAna mIsarathI mAMDIne irAna sudhImAM khUba prasarelI "emAIka' lipimAMthI te UtarI AvelI che. takSazilAmAMthI thoDA vakhatanA pahelAM eremAIka" lipimAM lakhele lekha maLI Avela che tethI ema sAbIta thAya che ke, gaMdhArane jItI laIne ekImIniyana lake e rAjakArabhAranA kAme eremiyana lekene ApaNuM dezamAM lAvyA, ane e rIte ApaNuM dezanA lekane "eremAIka bhASAthI tema ja lipithI vAkepha karyo. mauryarAjenI rAjyavyavasthAnAM mULa lakhANanA upara tema ja hujUra daphatarenA upara je IrAnI asara thaI hatI tenI noMdha agAu ApaNe laI gayA chIe. vaLI, hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakoNamAM ekImIniyana lekee vasavATa karyo hate tethI evuM thavA pAmyuM hatuM, ema paNa ApaNe prathama kahI gayA chIe.1 brAhmI lipinI utpattinA saMbaMdhamAM jUdA jUdA aneka vicAre pracalita che. paraMtu e saune sAra tarIke TUMkAmAM ApaNe kahIe to, A bAbatamAM mukhya be pakSe che. eka pakSa ema kahe che ke, brAhmI lipi ApaNuM dezamAM ja utpanna thaelI che. saunA pahelAM bheMsana sAhebe A abhiprAya sUcavyo hato, ane pAchaLathI sara elekjhAMDara kaniMgahAma sAhebe tene Take Apyo hato. bIje pakSa ema kahe che ke, brAhmI lipi "semiTika lipimAMthI UtarI AvelI che. e pakSamAM paNa pAchuM be taDa paDelAM che. te paikInA eka taDamAM vebara sAheba ane khuhalara sAheba che. hiMdustAnanA lipizAstramAM niSNAta thaelA badhA yuropIya vidvAna e be sAhebanA abhiprAyane mAnya rAkhe che. e banne sAheba ema mAne 1. buddhara kRta "iDiyana peliyogrAphI" (hiMdustAnanuM lipizAstra) (bhASAMtara), pR. 24 ane AgaLa; I. a, 1904, pR. 79 ane AgaLa I. e., 1905, pR. 21 ane AgaLa ane pR. 41 ane AgaLa; I. e, 1906, pR. 4 ane AgaLa; "brija hisTarI opha InDiyA" (hiMdustAnane itihAsa -kaeNbrija yunivarsiTI taraphathI), pu. 1, pR. 62 ane 57.

Page #194
17 che ke, uttaradizAnA samAiTa nI lipimAMthI brAhmI lipi UtarI AvelI che. uttaradizAnA semAITa lekenI lipi jUnAmAM jUnI zanisiyana varNamALA che; ane te IsvIsananI pUrve Azare 857nA samayanI che, ema manAya che. brAhmI lipi semiTika lipimAMthI UtarI AvelI che, e vAtano InakAra karatAM kaniMgahAma sAhebe je majabUtamAM majabUta dalIla rajU karI hatI te e hatI ke, brAhmI lipi te DAbI bAjuethI jamaNI bAjue lakhAya che, paNa semiTika lipio te jamaNI bAjuethI DAbI bAjue lakhAya che. paraMtu khulphara sAhebe khAtrI karAvanArI sAbItI ApI che ke, brAhmI lipi paNa zarUAtamAM jamaNI bAjuethI DAbI bAjue lakhAtI hatI. e paddhatinA kAMIka aMzo azekanAM lakhANomAM paNa jovAmAM Ave che. dAkhalA tarIke, tenI keTalIka dharmalipiomAM dha' tathA "ta' ane ' vagerenA jevA keTalAka varSo UMdhA lakhelA jovAmAM Ave che. e lekhamAM keTalAka joDAkSare paNa UMdhA lakhelA jovAmAM Ave che. dAkhalA tarIke, "janA tathA "tanA ane zenA badalAmAM "" tathA "stra ane " lakhelA jovAmAM Ave che. mULe brAhmI lipi jamaNI bAjuethI DAbI bAjue lakhAtI haze tenA A avazeSa che, ema kahI zakAya che. e rIte brAhmI lipinI utpatti semeTika' lipimAMthI thaelI che, e vAta cheka hamaNuM sudhI svIkArAtI AvatI hatI. paNa eka varSanA pahelAM nijhAma sarakAranA rAjyamAMthI pUrvetihAsika samayanAM mATInAM vAsaNa maLI AvyAM ane temanA uparanAM lakhANane abhyAsa thayA tyAre upalI vAta jUThI karI. azokanA samayanI varNamALAmanA akSaronI sAthe ukta vAsaNanI uparanAM lakhANomAMnA nidAna pAMca akSare barAbara maLatA Ave che. vaLI, kalakattAnA iDiyana myujhIama(prAcIna vastuonA saMgrahasthAna)mAM pUrvatihAsika samayano eka patharo paDelo che tenA upara pAsepAse traNa khAyA che te dekhItI

Page #195
173 e rIte kAMika lakhANa che, ane e lakhANanA akSarA azAkanA samayanA akSarAne bahu maLatA Ave che. 1 e rIte brAhmI lipinI utpattinI carcA aitihAsika kALane lagatI nathI rahetI paNu pUrve tihAsika kALane lagatI matI jAya che. Ama che te yAgya ja che; kAraNa ke, Aje yuropamAM paNa badhI semiTika tema ja anya lipinuM mULa pUvaitihAsika samayamAM zodhAi rahyuM che. pUrvatihAsika manuSye varNamALAne zASa karelA, e vAta have dhImedhIme svIkArAtI jAya che. pUvaitihAsika cIttenA upara thayelAM lakhANAmAMnA nidAna ATha varSoM azeAkanA samayanI va mALAmAMnA varNane maLatA Ave che teA pachI ApaNe ema ja mAnavuM joIe ke, brAhmI lipi ApaNA dezamAM ja pUrvatihAsika samayamAM janmI hatI. IsvIsananA pahelAM Azare 800mAM janmelI semiTika lipinI sAthe brAhmI lipine sabaMdha joDavA, e kAi paNa rIte yAgya nathI. 2 have azeAkanA samayanI bhASAnI sthitinA prazna ApaNe vicAravAnA che. azAkanI dhamilipamAM joDaNIne lagatI je e khAsiyatA jovAmAM Ave che temanA vicAra karIne pachI upale prazna ApaNe hAthamAM lezuM; kAraNa ke, ApaNe tema na karIe te kholIne lagatI khAsiyatAnI sAthe joDaNIne lagatI khAsiyatAnA goTALA thai javAnA sabhava rahe che. pahelI khAsiyata te e che 1. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakarane A abhiprAya pAchaLathI cheka ja khATA karyAM che. e patharA UMdhA paDelA tethI emane AvA bhrama thaelo. pazu e patharAne chate karI vAMcatAM emanI gabhIra bhUla sAbIta thaI che; ane tethI A dalIla have ahI" asthAne che. bhasArA 2. sa. A. mu. sI. yu. vA. 3, bhAga 1, pR. 493 ane AgaLa, 3. e., 1919, pR. 57 ane AgaLa; ja. e. sA. maiM, 1921, pR. 209 ane AgaLa; kalakattA rInyu," 1923, ane AgaLa pR. 358

Page #196
174 ke, azokanAM lakhANomAM kaI paNa sthaLe samAna vargonuM dhitva jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. dAkhalA tarIke, asthi (saMskRta bhASAnA ati)nA ane rabba(saMskRta bhASAnA sarva)badalAmAM mAtra "zi ane "sava' ja jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu A kAMI azokanAM lakhANanI ja khAsiyata nathI. IsvIsananI cothI sadI sudhImAM prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhAelAM lakhANo paikInuM bhAgye ja koI lakhANa kotaratAM evI jAtanuM dhitva kareluM jovAmAM Ave che. bIjI khAsiyata e che ke, zAhabAjhagaDhImAMthI ane manazaharamAMthI maLI AvelA azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotaranAre dIrdha ane hRsva svarene bheda jALavyo nathI. A paNa kAMI azokanAM lakhANonI ja khAsiyata nathI. khareNI lipimAM pAchaLanA samayamAM tirAelAM badhAM lakhANomAM paNa A khAsiyata jovAmAM Ave che. upalI be bAbatane ja azokanAM lakhANonI joDaNInI khAsiyata tarIke gaNAvI zakAya tema che. ApaNe temane bAjue rAkhIe te azakanI dharmalipiomAM uccArane anusarIne ja lakhANa thaeluM che, ema ApaNe khuzIthI kahI zakIe. have e savAla Ubho thAya che ke, bolIne lagatI zI khAsiyato azokanAM lakhANomAM jovAmAM Ave che? azekanA samayamAM belIo hayAta hatI, e pUrAvo tenAM lakhANamAMthI maLI Ave che kharo? A savAlano javAba ApavAno prayatna have ApaNe karazuM. azokanA sAta mukhya staMbhalekhe ApaNe joyuM to ApaNane cokkasa jaNAze ke, te saumAM eka ja bolI vaparAelI che, ane amuka khAsiyata paNa ekasarakhI rIte e saumAM jovAmAM Ave che. zrIyuta senA sAhebe e khAsiyato bahu sArI rIte varNavelI che. e lekhamAM " ke ' jevAmAM Avato nathI paNa "' jovAmAM Ave che. zarUAtanA bajane rUkhasada ApavAmAM 1 che. a, 1892 pR. 171 ane AgaLa

Page #197
175 AvelI jovAmAM Ave che, ane tethI " zanA badalAmAM "ga' jevAmAM Ave che. nA badalAmAM haMmezAM 4 vaparAya che (dAkhalA tarIke, " nA badalAmAM "rAjA" lakhAya che). narajAtinA ane ghaNuMkharuM nAnyatarajAtinA zabdanI pahelI vibhaktinA ekavacananA cheDe "ekAra Ave che (dAkhalA tarIke, "samaSi'nA badalAmAM "samAne' ane "rA'nA badalAmAM " " vaparAya che). je joDAkSaramAM zarUAtamAM "dhakAra na Avato hoya te joDAkSara hamezAM joDAkSara tarIke nathI lakhAte, paNa tenA be akSaranI vacce "IkAra dAkhala karavAmAM Ave che ( dAkhalA tarIke, "avana'nA badalAmAM "SiAni' lakhAya che). vaLI, "rakAra zarUAtamAM na hoya to te haMmezAM tene rUkhasada ApavAmAM Ave che (dAkhalA tarIke, rijanA badalAmAM vija vaparAya che). je thAMbhalAonA upara azokanA sAta mukhya staMbhalekho kotarAelA che te thAMbhalAo madhyadezamAMthI ja maLI AvelA che tethI karIne ApaNe ema kahI zakIe chIe ke, upalI badhI khAsiyata e prAMtanI bolInI ja khAsiyata hovI joIe. paraMtu azenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhane vicAra ApaNe karIe chIe tyAre ApaNI sAme bIjI muzkelI khaDI thAya che. prathama te ApaNane ema mAlUma paDe che ke, madhyadezanI bolInI ukta khAsiyato dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA zilAlekhamAM pUrepUrA aMze ane kAlazInA zilAlekhamAM lagabhaga pUrepUrA aMze dekhA de che. pachI bAkInAM sthaLonA zilAlekhAne vicAra ApaNe karIe chIe tyAre ApaNane ema mAlUma paDe che ke, zAhabAjhagaDhInA tathA manaphraharanA ane giranAranA zilAlekhamAM madhyadezanI belInI keTalIka khAsiyata jovAmAM Ave che te paNa temanI pitAnI keTalIka khAsiyata paNa jevAmAM Ave che, ane e emanI khAsiyata jUdI jUdI bolI ja batAvI Ape che. ApaNe A bAbatamAM vadhAre UMDA UtarIe

Page #198
176 chIe te judIjudI be bolIo ApaNane maLI Ave che -(1) zAhabAjhagaDhInA ane manazaharanA zilAlekhanI eka belI; ane (2) giranAranA zilAlekhanI bIjI bolI. pATaliputramAMnI hujUra kacerImAMthI keAI hukama chUTatA haze tyAre tenI nakala dareka prAMtanA subAne mokalI ApavAmAM AvatI haze. pATaliputramAM vaparAtI rAjabhASAthI jUdI paDatI bolI jyAM nahi vaparAtI hoya tyAM te e nakalamAMne hukama mULane anusarIne ja karavAmAM Avato haze. azokanA staMbhalekhe ja dAMjudAM cha sthaLoe kAtarAelA che te paNa temanI bhASA lagabhaga ekasarakhI ja che, enuM kAraNa A ja hovuM joIe. e lekhavALA thAMbhalAo mULe je sthaLe hatA te sthaLo madhyadezamAM ja hatAM tethI karIne madhyadezanI belImAM lakhAele je hukama pATaliputramAMthI chUTele te banatAM sudhI maLane anusarIne ja ketarAyo. paraMtu azokanA zilAlekhonI bAbatamAM tema banyuM nahi. kAlazI ane dhavalI tathA yAvagaDha madhyadezanI aMdara ke madhyadezane lAgIne Avela hovAthI te sthaLamAMnA zilAlekhonuM lakhANa lagabhaga ekasarakhuM ja che, ane staMbhalekhe je belImAM lakhAelA che te ja belImAM te zilAlekha paNa lagabhaga pUNaze lakhAelA che. paraMtu zAhabAjhagaDhI ane mana zahara uttarApathamAM AvelAM che, ane giranArane pradeza dakSiNApathamAM Avela che. te saunI pitapotAnI belI hatI; ane tethI karIne madhyadezanA lakhANanI nakalane banatAM sudhI anusaravAno prayatna karavAmAM Ave to paNa te te prAMtanI bolInI khAsiyata e lakhANamAM ghusI jaI zakI che. uttarApathanI bolInI khAsiyata zI hatI? dakSiNApathanI belInI khAsiyata zI hatI? madhyadezanI bolInI badhI khAsiyata ukta bolIomAM bIlakula jovAmAM AvatI nathI, e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, uttarApathanI tema ja dakSiNApathanI 18 kale. 198, pR.44 ane AgaLa.

Page #199
177 belIo madhyadezanI bolIothI jUdI paDe che. dAkhalA tarIke, uttarApathanI ane dakSiNApathanI bolImAM bharI tema ja "' ane "" vaparAya che. narajAtinA nAmanI pahelI vibhaktinA ekavacananA aMte e kAra nathI AvatuM paNa "kAra Ave che; "nA badalAmAM nathI vaparAta, vagere vagere. uttarApathanI bolIo dakSiNApathanI belIothI keTalA aMze judI paDe che, e have ApaNe joyuM. alabatta, e banne belIonAM nAmanI sAtamI vibhaktinA ekavacananA cheDe e kAra Ave che; paNa dakSiNApathanI belIonAM nAmonI sAtamI vibhaktinA ekavacananA aMte ghaNuMkharU 'i Ave che tyAre uttarApathanI belIonAM nAmanI sAtamI vibhaktinA ekavacananA aMte (madhyadezanI bolIonA anusAre) "ri' Ave che. uttarApathanI bolIomAM "za' tema ja "" ane "ka" vaparAya che tyAre dakSiNApathanI bolIomAM (madhyadezanI bolIone anusarIne) mAtra "' ja vaparAya che. dakSiNApathanI bolImAM ' kAyama rahe che tyAre uttarApathanI belImAM te "gha' banI jAya che. vaLI, uttarApathanI bolIomAM zabdamAMnA "ka" ane "' ekabIjAnuM sthAna le che, ane temane trIjo akSara pitAnA varganA pahelA akSaranuM rUpa dhare che. dakSiNApathanI belIomAM je kAyama rahe che, ane haMmezAM "InA badalAmAM tema ja keIka prasaMge "rata' nA badalAmAM "vaparAya che. hiMdustAnanA bhASAzAstrane lagatI bIjI eka bAbatanA saMbaMdhamAM paNa azakanAM lakhANo jANavAjoga mAhitI pUrI pADe che. pAlibhASAnA ane prAkRta bhASAnA saMbaMdhamAM bolatAM keTalAka bhASAzAstrIo uccAranI avanatinA viSayanI moghama vAta kare che. teo ema mAne che ke, pAchaLanA samayanuM sUcana ethI thAya che. 1 1. svargastha rA. go. bhAMDArakarakta " vilsana phAIlolojikala lekacarsa" (vilsana-samArakanAM bhASAzAstraviSayaka bhASaNe), pR. 8 ane AgaLa; pR. 34 ane AgaLa.

Page #200
178 te evI dalIla kare che ke, joDAkSaranuM sAduM rUpa banavuM tathA pAsepAsenA e zabdomAM svarAnuM bhaLI javuM ane tAlusthAnIya varNanA tema ja 'kAranA zAkha vagere A uccAranI avanati darzAve che. paNa je bhASAmAM ke melImAM A khAsiyate| jevAmAM AvatI nathI te bhASAnA ke kheAlInA karatAM je bhASAmAM ke kheAlImAM A khAsiyatA jovAmAM Ave che te bhASA ke melI vadhAre pAchaLanI mAnavI ja joie kharI? khIjA saune apavAdarUpa gaNatAM amuka varganA ke leAkeAnA ke dezanA khAsa uccAranI rItanu data e khAsiyatA karAve, ema kema na bane ? A bAbatamAM azenAM lakhANAnA AdhAre gaiA nirNaya thaI zake tema che, e ApaNe jozuM, giranAranA zilAlekhane kAlazInA zilAlekhanI sAthe sarakhAvatAM ApaNane evuM mAlUma paDI Ave che ke, giranAranA zilAlekhamAMnI bhASAmAM uccAranI avanati AchI jAya che, paNa kAzInA zilAlekhamAMnI bhASAmAM uccAranI avanati vadhAre pramANamAM dekhAya che. ApaNe joI gayA chIe ke, joDAkSAmAM mULa ra'kAra giranAranA zilAlekhamAM kAyama rahyo che tyAre kAzInA zilAlekhamAM lagabhaga sarvatra UDI ja gayA che. dAkhalA tarIke, giranAranA zilAlekhamAM ApaNe 'yaMtra' zabda vAMcIe chIe; paNa kAlazInA zilAlekhamAM te 'mezAM 'ttavata' (savRtta) zabda ja ApaNe joie chIe. vaLI, giranAranA zilAlekhamAM jyAM 'iti' zabda che tyAM kAlazInA zilAlekhamAM 'tha' (dainthi) zabda ja che. giranAranA zilAlekhanI ane kAlazInA zilAlekhanI sarakhAmaNI karatAM temanAmAM joDAkSarAnuM sAduM rUpa banI jatuM jovAmAM Ave che tenA aneka dAkhalAo paikInA A tA mAtra thoDAka ja dAkhalA che. have tAlusthAnIya vargAnA zAkhaneA vicAra ApaNe karazuM. saMskRtabhASAmAMnA 'zveta' ane 'zveta' zabdanA badalAmAM giranAranA zilAlekhamAM jta' ane mata' zabda vaparAyA che tyAre kAlazInA

Page #201
170 zilAlekhamAM to "ra" ane "mada' zabda ja vaparAyA che. te ja pramANe giranAranA zilAlekhamAMnA "dvAra" ane "dira' zabdanA sthAne kalazInA zilAlekhamAM "vAlA' ane kira" zabda ja jovAmAM Ave che. vaLI, hira' tema ja ta' ane di' vagere zabdo ema sAbIta karI Ape che ke, kAzInI bolImAM 'hakArano zokha khAsa hatuM. e rIte jotAM ema jaNAI Ave che ke, pAlibhASAnA ane prAkRta bhASAnA niyamone anusarIne kAzInI bolImAM uccAranI avanati vadhAre pramANamAM thaelI che, ane giranAranA pradezanI bolImAM uccAranI avanati ochA pramANamAM thavA pAmelI che. paraMtu tethI karIne, giranAranA pradezanI bolI pahelAnI hatI ane kAlazInI bolI pachInI hatI, evo nirNaya karavAnI hiMmata koI bhASAzAstro karaze kharo ? alabatta, te tema nahi ja kare; kAraNa ke, azokanA rAjakALamAM giranAranA pradezanI bolI ane kalazInI belI sAthesAthe ja hayAtI dharAvatI hatI; ane tethI karIne emAMnI pahelI bolIne bIjI bolInA pahelAMnI na ja kahI zakAya. tema chatAM paNa e bhASAzAstrIonA siddhAMtanA anusAra to kAlazInI bolI giranAranA pradezanI bolInA karatAM vadhAre pramANamAM uccAranI avanati batAvI ApatI hovAthI giranAranA pradezanI belInA samayanI pachInA samayanI gaNAvI joIe. AmAM kharI vAta to e che ke, jemane pAlibhASAnA ane prAkRta bhASAnA niyame kahevAmAM Ave che te uccAranI avanati bIlakula darzAvatA nathI. te te amuka varganA ke lekenA ke dezanA uccAranI je khAsa rIta sarva yugomAM pracalita hatI te rIta ja darzAve che. dAkhalA tarIke, "veda"nI bhASA le.1 "veda"mAM "viviSTa rUpanI sAthe sAthe vividhai' rUpa paNa jovAmAM Ave che. e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, "veda"nI bhASAmAM paNa joDAkSaremAMnA be vyaMjane paikIne 1. "iDize sTeDiyena" ( hiMdustAnane abhyAsa ), 2, 87, TIkA.

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- 180 vyaMjana bevaDAto. vaLI, "veda"mAM "ta' tathA " miH' ane "vividhatA rUpanI sAthe sAthe "kura' tathA imi ane vitA rUpa jovAmAM Ave che e paNa ema batAvI Ape che ke, tAlusthAnIya vane pakSapAta "veda"nI bhASAmAM paNa hato. TUMkamAM kahetAM, A bAbatamAM kharI hakIkata e che ke, uccAranA AvA pheraphAre kharuM jatAM uccAranI avanati darzAve che, evuM sAbIta karanAro kerI paNa pUrAvo maLI Ava nathI. vaLI, keTalAka bhASAzAstrIo kahe che tema, pAchaLanA samayanI bhASAnuM sUcana ethI thAya che, evuM paNa kaI avazya nathI. kharuM jotAM te vastusthiti enAthI ulaTI che. amuka samayamAM athavA koI jAtimAM ke prAMtamAM kherA ane zuddha uccAra pracalita haze tenI sAthe sAthe ja judA prakAranA ukta uccAra paNa pracalita haze, ema ja ApaNe kahI zakIe chIe. bharate potAnA "nATayazAstranA sattaramA prakaraNamAM je kahyuM che te AnA saMbaMdhamAM yAda rAkhavAnuM che. te kahe che ke, saMskRta bhASA ane prAkRtabhASA kAMI be bhASAo nathI; te to bolInA-eTale ke, uccAranA ane pATha (Taca)nA-be prakAra che. teNe mAtra cAra bhASAono ja svIkAra kare che -(1) abhibhASA (devonI bhASA); (2) AryabhASA (rAjAonI bhASA; (3) jAtibhASA (vividha jAtionI ane jJAtionI bhASA); ane (4) jAtyaMtarI bhASA (pakSIonI ane pazuonI bhASA). pahelA be prakAranI bhASAo haMmezAM saMta-pAra" (sudharelI bolI) kahevAya che, paNa bIjA prakAranI bhASA "saMta" (sudharelI) tema ja " prata' (halakA prakAranI) balI kahevAya che. ukta saMjJAono upayoga manamAnI rIte karavAmAM Avyo che tethI karIne bahu goTALo thavA pAmelo che. vaLI, pAlibhASAmAM je uccArabheda jovAmAM Ave che te ucAranI avanati darzAve che, ane tethI te pAchaLanA samayanI bhASAnuM sUcaka 1. 5, 25 ane AgaLa.

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181 cihna che. evI mAnyatAo paNa ghaNe goTALo karI mukela che. keTalAka bhASAzAstrIoe pUrvagraha bAMdhIne je goTALo upasthita karI phelAvI dIdho che tene ApaNuM magajamAMthI dUra karI daIne ApaNe saMbhALapUrvaka vicAra karazuM te ApaNane mAlUma paDaze ke, mauryarAja azokanAM lakhANonI bhASA ane pANinie tathA kAtyAyane ane pataMjalie je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa lakhyuM che te bhASA e ne e ja che. ahIM mAtra eTale ja phera che ke, azekanAM lakhANamAM e bhASAnuM prAkRta rUpa dekhA de che tyAre ukta vyAkaraNakAronAM lakhANamAM e bhASAnuM saMskRta rUpa dekhA de che. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho paikInA giranAranA zilAlekhamAMnA navamA zAsanane nAne phare namUnA tarIke ahIM ApaNe lezuM: devAna-piyo priyadasi rAjA evaM Aha / asti jano ucAvacaM bhaMgalaM karote AbAdhesu vA AvAhavivAhesu vA putralAbhesu vA pravAsaMmhi vA / etamhi ca ajAmhi ca jano ucAvaca maMgalaM karote // ahIM ApaNe uccArane lagatI amuka khAsiyata jatI karIe te, je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa pANinie ane pataMjalie lakhyuM che te bhASA upalA zilAlekhanI bhASA nathI, ema kahevuM agharuM thaI paDaze. ApaNuM dezanI koI paNa dezI bhASA bolatA kaI vidvAna paMDitane ApaNe sAMbhaLazuM ane kaI gAmaDiyAne ApaNe sAMbhaLazuM te uparanA dAkhalAmAM belIno je bheda jovAmAM Ave che tenA karatAM vadhAre bheda ApaNuM jovAmAM Avaze. zrIyuta epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAheba niSpakSapAta vidvAna manAya che. teNe paNa kahyuM che ke, "mULa bhASAne vicAra karatAM ukta zilAlekhamAM je pAThaphera jaNAya che tenA karatAM vadhAre pAThaphera mULa bhASAno vicAra karatAM hAlanI balAtI tema ja lakhAtI aMgrejI bhASAmAM jovAmAM Ave che, ema

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182 ApaNe kahIe te te kAMI vadhAre paDatuM kahevAya nahi."1 alabatta, jUdA jUdA traNa prAMtanI-madhyadezanI tathA uttarApathanI ane dakSiNapathanI-traNa prakAranI uccAranI khAsiyata azokanA samayamAM hatI, ane e rIte te samayamAM traNa mukhya belIo bezaka pracalita hatI; paraMtu e bolInA bheda uccAranA ane pAThanA prakAra darzAve che, ema ApaNe kabUla rAkhIe te pachI ApaNe evo ja nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, ukta zilAlekhonI mULa bhASA to je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa ukta vyAkaraNukAe lakheluM che te ja bhASA hovI joIe. ahIM pataMjalinI TIkA yAda Ave che. teNe kahyuM che ke, je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa pANinie lakheluM te bhASA ziSya brAhmaNo vyAkaraNanA abhyAsanA abhAve paNa svAbhAvika rIte je bhASA bolatA te ja bhASA hatI. ahIM eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, "aSTAdhyAyI nahi zIkhelA je brAhmaNa "aSTAdhyAyI"nA niyamane anusarIne belatA te brAhmaNa ja pataMjalie ullekhelA "ziSTa' brAhmaNa hatA. 3 AthI ema sAbIta thAya che ke, je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa "aSTAdhyAyI" che te bhASA iravI sananI pahelAM Azare 150 nA varSa sudhI -pataMjalinA samaya sudhI-AryAvartanA ziSya brAhmaNanI svabhASA tarIke cAlU rahI hatI. lekenA jUdA jUdA vargomAM bhASAnA je vividha prakAra ghaNuMkharuM pracalita hatA te vividha prakAra azokanA samayanI bolI darzAve che, ema ApaNe kabUla rAkhIe. paNa savAla e thAya che ke, ziSTa brAhmaNanI bhASAmAM lakhAele eka paNa zilAlekha maLI AvyuM nathI, enuM zuM kAraNa? IsvI sananA 150nA varSa sudhI 1. ja. ra. e. se, 1904, pR. 462. 2. svargastha rA. ge. bhAMDArakarata "vilsana phAIlolojikala lekya"( vilsana-smArakanAM bhASAzAstraviSayaka bhASaNe), pR. 25-296 3. ja. . e. se, 1904, 5. 479-480.

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183 pazcimanA kSatrapavaMzanA rudradAmAnA samaya sudhI-to sAmAnya loko saMskRta bhASA samajI ke belI zaktA nahi, evuM sAbIta karI ApanAra saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAela-eka paNa lekha ukta samaya sudhImAM maLI Avela nathI; ema svargastha phalITa sAhebe ApaNane bhAra daIne kahyuM che. paraMtu e bhASAmAM lakhAele ukta samayane eka paNa lekha maLI Avyo nathI, ema kahevuM taddana sAcuM na kahevAya. rAjapUtAnAmAMnA udayapura rAjyamAM ghesUDInI vAva che temAM je lekha che te saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAele che. Ama kahevAnuM khAsa kAraNa e che ke, temAM be sthaLe dvivacananuM rUpa vaparAeluM jovAmAM Ave che. myulara sAhebe ukta lekhane isvI sananI pahelAMnA 350 thI 250 nA vacagALAne kahyo che. e rIte e lekha lagabhaga azokanA samayano ja kare che. prAcIna samayamAM AvA aneka lekhe saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyA haze paNa Aje teone patto lAgato nathIH ema ApaNe kahIe to kAMI khoTuM na gaNAya. brAhmaNanAM maMdiro vageremAM ja AvA saMskRtalekho lakhAyA haze, ema kahI zakAya. bauddhalokenA stUpa vagere tema ja jenalonAM deharAM vagere lokonA nivAsasthAnathI dUra baMdhAtAM tema brAhmaNanAM maMdire vagere lekonA raheThANathI Ave na baMdhAtAM gAmanI ke zaheranI aMdara ke bAjumAM baMdhAtAM tethI karIne ja e brAhmaNonAM maMdiromAMnA saMskRta-lekha Aje sadAne mATe naSTa thaI javA pAmyA che, ema kahevAmAM kAMI harakta nathI. svargastha phalITa sAheba ane adhyApaka hAisa DeviDjha sAheba ema mAne che ke, IsvI sananI pahelAMnA 300 nA varSathI mAMDIne isvI sananA 100 nA varSa sudhInA badhA zilAlekho dezI bhASAmAMthI UtarI AvelI ane dezI bhASAne ghaNA aMze maLatI AvatI eka 1. ja. oN. e. se, 1904, pR. 483. 2. me. A. sa. , aMka 4, pR. 19.

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184 jAtanI pAlibhASAmAM lakhAelA che. temanA mate AthI ema sAbIta thAya che ke, IsvI sananA 100 nA varSa sudhI te pAli bhASA ja pracalita hatI. je bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa pANinie ane pataMjalie lakheluM te saMskRtabhASA to e samayanI dezI bhASA na ja hoI zake, ema teo mAnI bese che, paNa emane A abhiprAya svIkArI zakAya tema nathI. tenuM paheluM kAraNa to e che ke, upara ApaNe kahI gayA tema lagabhaga azokanA ja samayano nidAna eka lekha to bezaka saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAela maLI Avela che. vaLI, bIjuM kAraNa e che ke, judAM judAM lakhANonI bhASAnA-kAMsanA vidvAna senAA sAheba jene "zilAlekhonI prAkRtabhASA" kahe che te bhASAnA -saMbaMdhamAM senA sAhebe je kAMI kahyuM che teno vicAra ukta vidvAnoe karela lAgatA nathI. gujarAtathI ane pazcima-kinArAnI guphAothI mAMDIne kRSNanadInA mukhanI pAsenA amarAvatI sudhInA tathA utkalamAMnI khaMDagirinI guphAo sudhInA tema ja madhyahiMdustAnamAMnA sAMcIthI ane bhArahatathI mAMDIne muMbAI-ilAkAnI dakSiNadizAnI hadarUpa vanavAsI sudhInA ane madrAsa-IlAkAnA kAMcI ( hAlanA kAMjIvarama) sudhInA vistAramAM e badhAM lakhANa verAelAM che, e hakIkata prathama to ApaNe dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI che. vaLI, ApaNe bIjI hakIkata dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnI che te e ke, Azare I. sa. pU. 250 thI mAMDIne I. sa. 450 sudhInA lagabhaga sAta saikAonA gALAnAM e badhAM lakhANo che; ane tema chatAM paNa jUnAmAM jUnAM lakhANonI ane cheka hamaNunAM lakhANonI vacce kAMI khAsa pheraphAra jovAmAM Avato nathI. alabatta, te badhAM lakhANomAM belIne lagatI je keTalIka khAsiyate jovAmAM Ave che te khAsiyate zrIyuta eNTe ke sAhebe batAvelI che. je paNa 1. . e., 1892, 5. 260. 2. " pAli eMDa saMskRta" (pAlibhASA ane saMskRtabhASA), pR. 110 ane AgaLa.

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185 khAsa karIne azokanAM lakhANomAM jovAmAM AvatI evI khAsiyatonI sAthe sarakhAmaNI karatAM te khAsiyato eTalI jujajAja jaNAya che ke, ApaNuM A graMthanA kAme ApaNe temane najIvI gaNIe te kAMI paNa vAMdho na Ave. have savAla e Ubho thAya che ke, ATalA moTA vistAramAM phelAelI e bhASA sAta saikAo sudhI sAmAnya lekanA meDhethI uccArAI hovA chatAM paNa avanatine ke pheraphArane vaza na thaI, e bane ja kema? alabatta, ema banI zake ja nahi. ApaNuM A nirNayane cokkasa pUrA e che ke, prAkRtabhASAonA sAhityanA je jUnAmAM jUnA namUnAo ApaNI samakSa Aje mojUda che te-"hAla" nAmaka lekhake racelA ane jUnAmAM jUnAM nATakanI prAkRta bhASAnA namUnAo-A samayanA aMtabhAganA ke tenI pahelAMnAM thoDAM varSanA che ane tema chatAM paNa teomAM belIne lagatA je pheraphAra jovAmAM Ave che te ghaNe vadhAre AgaLa vadhela hato. ukata sarva lakhANomAMnI bolI ATalA moTA vistAramAM lagabhaga sAta saikAo sudhI bolAtI jIvaMta lekabhASA nahi hoya; paNa Azare I. sa. pU. 200 thI mAMDIne I. sa. 450 sudhInI rASTrabhASA-prAcIna hiMdustAnanI "hiMdustAnI 'bhASA-te hoya ema saMbhavita che. AjanI hiMdustAnI bhASAmAM paNa prAMtika khAsiyata kAMI ajANa nathI. kharekhara, mahArASTranI hiMdustAnI bhASAmAM marAThI bhASAnA zabdo ane marAThI bhASAnI vAkyaracanA jeTalA aMze ghusI javA pAmyAM che teTalA ja aMze gujarAtanI hiMdustAnI bhASAmAM gujarAtI bhASAnA zabdo ane gujarAtI bhASAnI vAkyaracanA ghusI javA pAmelAM che, ane mahArASTranI tema ja gujarAtanI hiMdustAnI bhASA kAzImAM belAtI hiMdustAnI bhASAthI jUdI ja paDI Ave che. AvuM che te paNa, Adhunika hiMdustAnanI rASTrabhASA hiMdustAnI che, enI nA te kaI ja nahi kahI zake. "zilAlekhonI prAkRtabhASAnI bAbatamAM paNa ema ja hatuM. zrIyuta OMke sAhebe prathama joyuM hatuM

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te che. hiMdustAnI che, kayAre mAtA te rAjA 186 tema, temAM ahIMtahIM keTalAka prAMtika bheda jovAmAM Ave che te paNa, te I. sa. pU. 200 thI mAMDIne nidAna I. sa. 150 sudhInA bhAratavarSanI hiMdustAnI bhASA hatI. have je savAlane javAba ApaNe ApavAnuM che te e che ke, kayAre ane zA kAraNe te rASTrabhASA thavA pAmI ? alabatta, azokanA samayamAM to te rASTrabhASA na hatI. uttarApathanI belIthI madhyadezanI belI jeTalA aMze judI paDe che teTalA ja aMze uttarApathanI tema ja madhyadezanI bolI dakSiNApathanI belIthI jUdI paDe che. e rIte azokanAM lakhANamAM eka balI jovAmAM nathI AvatI, paNa traNa belIo jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu anya aneka lakhANamAM vaparAelI "zilAlekhonI prAkRtabhASA' te mAtra eka ja bhASA hatI. vaLI, te azokanA samayamAM hayAtImAM AvI na hatI, paNa tenI pachInA samayamAM te hayAtImAM AvI hatI. e bhASA zAthI utpanna thaI haze, enuM to mAtra anumAna ja thaI zake che. dharmopadezane lagatI azokanI athAga dhagazanA pariNAmamAM AkhA hiMdustAnamAM asAdhAraNa pravRtti thaI rahelI hovI joIe. eka prAMtathI bIjA prAMtane judo pADanArI badhI ADakhIlIo dUra thaI hovI joIe, ane vividha prAMtanI vacce paraspara vyavahAra zarU thayo hovo joIe. e paraspara vyavahAra bahu ja tIvra hato, ane te vakhatevakhata thato raheto hate; ane tethI karIne azokanA mRtyunI pachI turata ja AkhA hiMdustAnane mATe samAna bhASAnI jarUriyAta bahu ja jaNAI hevI joIe. je prAMta ukta pravRttinuM keMdrasthAna hato-ane jemAM prAkRtabhASAnI mAtA gaNAtI mahArASTra bhASA bolAtI hatI-te prAMta uparyukta navIna jarUriyAtane pahoMcI vaLavAnA hetuthI potAnI sthAnika bolI kadAca pracalita karI haze. e rIte eka kALe prAMtika gaNAtI belI sArvalaukika bhASAnI sthitie pahoMcI gaI. bauhalekanA graMthe AkhA hiMdustAnamAM sau koI samajI zake teTalA mATe temAM

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187 e ja sAvalaukika bhASA vaparAI, ane darabArI bhASA agara rAjabhASA tarIke tene svIkAra sarvatra thayo tema ja bIjA dharmonA lekee paNa tene svIkAra karyo. dAkhalA tarIke, vidizAnagara(besanagara)nA suprasiddha thAMbhalAnI upara kotarAela vaiSNava zilAlekha tathA vividha brAhmaNa gaNuvate sAtakarNane nAnAghATane guhAlekha ane sAtavAhana-vaMzanA gautamIputra sAtakarNanAM tathA vasiSThIputra pulumAvinAM rAjazAsano zilAlekhonI prAkRtabhASA- mAM ja lakhAelAM che. dakSiNadezanA bauddhagraMthamAMnI pAlibhASA ja A "zilAlekhanI prAkRtabhASA hatI, ema ApaNe khuzIthI kahI zakIe. 1 1. kalakattAnI vidyApIThanI samakSa I. sa. 1919 mAM zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare je be vyAkhyAne ApyAM hatAM te be vyAkhyAmAMthI A badhI carcA ahIM UtArI levAmAM AvelI che. e vyAkhyAnamAM emaNe evo abhiprAya pratipAdita karyo hato ke, jene "gAthAnI bolI " kahevAmAM Ave che te kuzanavaMzanA samayanA zilAlekhenI mizra saMskRtabhASA ja che. IsvI sananI pahelAMnI pahelI sadIthI mAMDIne IsvI sananI trIjI sadI sudhImAM brAhmaNadharmanI caDhatI kaLAne laIne brAhmaNetara jJAtio paNa saMskRtabhASAne abhyAsa meTA pramANamAM karatI thaI hatI, ane sAhityanA vAhana tarIke pAlibhASA nAbUda thaI gaI na hatI. evA e samayanA ziSTa lokonI svabhASA tarIke ukta gAthAnI bhASA ne oLakhAvI zakAya nahi to paNa temanI bolAtI bhASA tarIke te tene jarUra oLakhAvI zakAya. A ja kAraNe keTalAka bauddhagraMthe e bhASAmAM lakhAelA jovAmAM Ave che. kuzanavaMzanA samayamAM utpanna thaelI bauddha jAtionA lokoe ziSya jananA mukhe bolAtI bhASAmAM potAnA graMtho lakhyA, e svAbhAvika hatuM. isvI sananI trIjI sadI sudhI AvA pheraphAra thatA cAlU rahyA. e vakhate sAmAnya vyavahAramAM saMskRtabhASAno upayoga sarvatra thavA lAgyo, ane sAhityanA vAhana tarIkenuM pitAnuM sthAna teNe laI lIdhuM. e vakhate je bauddhatie hayAtImAM AvI te bauddhajAtionA leke e kevaLa saMskRta bhASAmAM ja

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188 . azokanA samayanI kaLAnA saMbaMdhamAM thoDuMka vivecana have ApaNe karazuM. A bAbatamAM je bAMdhakAmeAnI sAthe azekanuM nAma jeDavAmAM AveluM che te bAMdhakAmAnA vicAra ApaNe nahi karIe, paNa khuda azAke ja je bAMdhakAma karAvelAM te AMdhakAmanA ja vicAra ApaNe karazuM. azokanAM bAMdhakAma tenA samayanI kaLAnA aA khyAla Ape che. je zilAnI tathA thAMbhalAonI upara tenI dharmapie kAtarAelI te ane je guphAnuM dAna AvakAne karavAmAM AveluM hatuM te tenA samayanI kaLAnA namUnAo che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. kaLAnA ane sthApatyanA namUnA tarIke temanuM eTaluM su Mdara varNana thai gayeluM che ke, have e bAbatamAM kAMI kahevAnuM bAkI rahetuM nathI. yaMtrazAstrInI ane kaLAkAranI najare azokanAM e bAMdhakAmeAnA vicAra karavA e ja ahIM ApaNuM dhyeya che. zrIyuta senA sAhebe prathama sUcavyuM hatuM tema, ekImI.nayana rAjA DeriyasanAM zAsanAnA dAkhalA joine mauya rAja azake zilAonA upara kAtarAelI peAtAnI dharme lipa kADhavAnuM TharAveluM, e kAMi azakya nathI. vaLI, smitha sAheba kahe che tema, nakSa-khuM-- rustamamAMthI maLI AvelA DeriyasanA zilAlekha " kharI rIte najare jovAmAM Ave che te paNa itihAsadaka' nathI ema manAya che, ane 'siddhAMtane tathA nItine ane dharmane lagatA bhAvi vartananA saMbaMdhamAM Deriyarsa peAtAnI prajAne karelI chellI gaMbhIra vInatI ' temAM samAelI che. "1 e ja dAkhalA laine azeAke peAtAnI dharmapie lakhAvavAnA nirNaya karyo haze, ema smitha sAheba kahe che. paraMtu azoke te eka DagaluM AgaLa bharIne thAMbhalAonA paNa peAtAnA graMtha lakhyAlakhAvyA. dAkhalA tarIke, haMmada nAmaka bauddhagraMtha pAlibhASAmAM tema ja mizra saMskRtabhASAmAM ane zuddha saMskRtabhASAmAM lakhAelA jovAmAM Ave che tenuM kAraNa A ja che. H << 1. smithakRta " azAka ", pR. 141. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat "" www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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189 upayAga karyAM hatA. azokanA kaDiyAoe zilAne dhasIne lIsI karIne temanA upara kAtarakAma kareluM che teA paNa irAnanA kaDiyAenA evA kAmathI temanuM kAma kAMI khAsa caDhiyAtuM nIvaDayuM nathI. paraMtu cAMbhalAonI vAta tA cheka ja jUdI che. irAnanAM bAMdhakAmAmAM thAMbhalAe vaparAtA nahi, ema teA na ja kahI zakAya; paraMtu kAi bAMdhakAmanA bhAga tarIke thAMbhalAo UbhuM na karAvatAM svataMtra ane ekAkI thAMbhalAe UbhA karAvavAnuM prathama mAna / mAtra ApaNA dezane ja maLe che. rAmanA rAjAnI pahelAMnA samayamAM pazcimaeziyAmAM ke yuropamAM e prathA paDelI jANavAmAM nathI. azokanA thAMbhalAe asAdhAraNa kadanA che. 500 thI 600 tasunI temanI laMbAi ane sarAsarI 31 tasunI temanI jADAi kAMi sAdhAraNa na kahevAya. Aje vIsamI sadImAM ApaNe ApaNA vaijJAnika jJAnanI ane keLavaNInI ane sAdhaneAnI baDAi hAMkIe chIe; paNa Aje e saunA upayAga karanArane paNa Azare 48 tasuno paheALAinA tathA 48 tasunI jADAinA ane 600 tasunI laMbAinA patharA khAdavAnuM kAma muzkelIbharyuM thai paDe tema che. AvuM che teA pachI, AjathI be hajAra varSoMnA pahelAMnA mauryakALanA kArIgarA AvuM muzkela kAma kevI rIte sAdhI zakayA haze ? kharekhara, ApaNe te enA mAtra vicArathI ja AzcamAM garakAva thai jaie chIe. vaLI, AvA asAdhAraNa kadanA patharA barAbara khAdI kADhavA, ane temane DhAMkaNAthI cheAlIne tenA barAbara pramANasara tathA dekhAvaDA gALa thAMbhalA taiyAra karavA tema ja ArasInA jevA caLakatA temane banAvavAH e kAma teA enAthI paNa vadhAre mahenatanuM ane nAjuka hatuM. AjaneADiyA tA e kAma jene AbhAja banI jAya tema che. azAkanA samayanA kaDiyAoe tA. e kAma asAdhAraNa phatehamadIthI pAra pADeluM che, ema kahevuM joIe. paraMtu ATalethI ja asa nathI. saMyukta prAMtAnA mirajhApura prAMtamAMnA cunAra gAmanI khANamAMthI kheAdI kADhelA aDadiyA patharAnA azAkane

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190 darekedareka thAMbhalA banelA che. ema kahevAya che ke, e thAMbhalA e gAmamAM TAMkzAnI madadathI taiyAra thaelA ane jUdAMjUdAM sthAe lai javAmAM AvelA. te paikInA keTalAka thAMbhalA DuMgarAmAMthI khAdI kADhavAmAM AvyA hatA, ane seMkaDA gAu dUra meAkalavAmAM AvyA hatA. AvA asAdhAraNa kadanA thAMbhalAone lAMbA pakSe laI javA ane dUradUranAM aneka sthaLeAe gAThavavA : e kAMi ramatanI vAta na hatI. e kAme je yAMtrika sAdhatAne ane magajazaktine upayAga te samaye karavA paDayA haro te AjanA jamAnAmAM ApaNane azakaya na thai paDe teA paNa ApaNA dama tA jarUra kADhe. seALasA varSoMnI pachI azeAkanA traNa thAMbhalAone sulatAna phriojhazAhe dillImAM ANyA hatA, ema jaNAya che. te paikInA TAprA'mAMnA thAMbhalAne paMjAbanA aMbAlA prAMtamAMthI khaseDIne dillImAM geAThavatAM e sulatAnanA yaMtrazAstrIone je asAdhAraNu muzkelI paDelI tenuM varNana ApaNA sArA nasIbe jaLavAi raheluM che. tenA samakAlIna itihAsakAra zamsa-i-zirAjha kahe che keH-- " ThaMDDAnI caDhAi karIne sulatAna phrijha pAA karyAM tyArapachI dillInA pADeAsamAM te ghaNuMkharUM AvajA karatA hatA. e dezanA e bhAgamAM paththaranA be thAMbhalAeA hatA. DuMgarAnI taLATIe AvelA sudhArAnA ane khijharAbAdanA prAMtamAMnA TAprA gAmamAM te paikIne eka thAMbhalA hatA, ane bIjo thAMbhalA miratha gAmanI najIkamAM hatA...... kiAjhazAhe e thAMbhalA prathama joyA tyAre tene bahu navAi lAgI, ane smaracihno tarIke temane dillImAM saMbhALapUrvaka lai javAnA TharAva teNe karyAM. dillIthI tevuM kAsa dUra parvatAnI bAjumAM khijharAbAda prAMta AvelA che. sulatAne e prAMtanI mulAkAta lIdhI ane TAprA gAmamAMnA thAMbhalA joyA tyAre tene dillImAM lai javAnA ane bhAvi prajAne mATe smaracihna tarIke tyAM tene UbhA karavAne cr

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19 TharAva teNe karyo. e thAMbhalAne nIco pADavAne lagatI sArAmAM sArI yojanAone vicAra karIne teNe chevaTanI AjJA prasiddha karI. doAbanI aMdara ane bahAra AsapAsa rahetA sarva rahIzoe tema ja sarva ghoDesvAroe ane pAyadaLanA save lekAe hAjara rahevuM, e hukama teNe karyo. e kAmane mATe jeItAM sarva ojAro ane sAdhanA pitAnI sAthe letA AvavAno hukama paNa teNe saune karyo. seMbalanI (rezamanA jevA mulAyama 3nI) gAMsaDIo lAvavAnI sUcanA karavAmAM AvI. evuM DhagalAbaMdha rUpelA thAMbhalAnI AsapAsa goThavavAmAM AvyuM. thAMbhalAnA taLiyAnI pAsenI jamIna khodI kADhavAmAM AvI tyAre pelI rUnI pathArInA upara te thAMbhalo dhImethI ADo paDayo. pachI dhImedhIme pele rUne kADhI levAmAM AvyuM, ane thoDA divasanA aMte te thAMbhalo jamInanA upara sahIsalAmata rIte sUi gayo. e thAMbhalAnA pAyAne tapAsavAmAM Avyo tyAre taLiyethI jabare corasa pathare maLI Avyo tene paNa bahAra kADhavAmAM Avyo. pachI te thAMbhalAne kAMI nukasAna na thAya teTalA mATe tenI TocathI mAMDIne tenA taLiyA sudhI roDAM ane kAcAM cAmaDAM vIMTALI devAmAM AvyAM. beMtALIsa piDAMnI gADI banAvaDAvavAmAM AvI, ane dareka paiDAne (pelA thAMbhalAne ?) aneka doraDAM bAMdhavAmAM AvyAM. hajAro leke dareka doraDAne kheMcavA lAgyA. puSkaLa mahenatanA ane muzkelInA aMte e thAMbhalo UMcakAyo ane gADImAM goThavAyo. dareka paiDAne ekeka doraDuM bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM, ane dareka deraDAne basa mANaso kheMce ema kula beMtALIsa paiDAMne ekaMdare 8,400 mANaso kheMcavA lAgyA. Ama hajAre mANasoe ekasAthe mahenata karI tethI karIne gADI cAlI, ane tene jamanA nadInA kAMThAnI pAse lAvavAmAM AvI. tyAM tene jovAne sulatAna pote AvyA. saMkhyAbaMdha beTAM vahANe bhegAM karavAmAM AvyAM. te paikInuM moTuM vahANa 5,000 thI

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1ra 7,000 maNa anAja laI jaI zake evaDuM hatuM, ane nAnAmAM nAnuM vahANa 2,000 maNa anAja laI jaI zake evaDuM hatuM. pelA thAMbhalAne e vahANanA upara cAlAkIthI sUvADI devAmAM Avyo ane pachI phirojhAbAdamAM laI javAmAM Avyo. tyAM jamInanA upara tene UtAravAmAM AvyA, ane atizaya mahenatathI ane cAlAkIthI kacchamAM tene laI javAmAM Avyo. e vakhate ukta lekhakanI ummara bAra varSanI hatI, ane mAnanIya mIrakhAMne te ziSya hato. pelA thAMbhalAne e jagyAe laI javAmAM AvyA tyAre tenA satkArane mATe jAmI masajidanI pAse bhavya makAna baMdhAvavAmAM AvyuM. pravINamAM pravINa sthapatione ane kArIgarane e makAna bAMdhavAnA kAme rokavAmAM AvyA. e makAna bAMdhavAmAM paththarano ane cUnAno upayoga karavAmAM Avyo, ane temAM aneka pagathiyAM rAkhavAmAM AvyAM. eka pagathiyuM caNAI rahetuM tyAre pelA thAMbhalAne tenA upara goThavavAmAM AvatuM. pachI bIjuM pagathiyuM caNavAmAM AvatuM, ane pelA thAMbhalAne UMcakIne tenA upara goThavavAmAM Avato. ema karatAM karatAM dhArelI UMcAIe pelo thAMbhalo jaI pahoMcyo. ATalI sthitie kAma AvI pahoMcyuM eTale pachI te thAMbhalAne sIdhe Ubho karavAne lagatI bIjI yuktio javI paDI. bahu ja jADAM doraDAM meLavavAmAM AvyAM, ane taLiyAnA dareka cha pagathiye dumaklAsa (viMDalaeNsa) goThavavAmAM AvyAM. deraDAnI eka bAjunA cheDA pelA thAMbhalAnI Toce bAMdhavAmAM AvyA ane tenI sAmI bAjunA cheDAne dumakalAsanI AsapAsa vIMTALI devAmAM AvyA. saMkhyAbaMdha baMdha baMdhAyAthI e dumakalAsa majabUta banI gayAM, pachI (pelAM dumakalAsanAM) cakro pheravavAmAM AvyAM eTale pelo thAMbhalo lagabhaga ardhA gajanA jeTalo UMcakAyo. pachI te pAche nIce besI na jAya teTalA mATe tenI nIce lAkaDAnI gATha ane ranI piTalIo goThavavAmAM AvI. e rIte e thAMbhale raphateraphate

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barAbara TaTAra Ubho thaI gayo. pachI tene AdhAra ApavAnA hetuthI moTA moTA pATaDAo tenI AsapAsa goThavI devAmAM AvyA, ane e rIte pAlakhanuM pIMjaruM banI gayuM. sIdhI lITImAMthI jarA paNa te na case evI rIte tene tIranA jevI TaTAra sthitimAM e rIte goThavI devAmAM Avyo. prathama ullekhelA pelA corasa patharAne e thAMbhalAnI nIce ja goThavI devAmAM Avyo hato." - phirojhazAhe te azokanA mAtra traNa ja thAMbhalAone e rIte khaseDayA hatA, ane te paNa kAMI moTAmAM moTA thAMbhalA na hatA. vaLI, mULa jagyAethI bahu bahu te paNa gAu dUra ja temane khaseDavAmAM AvelA. paraMtu azoke mAtra traNa ja thAMbhalA UbhA karAvelA nahi. teNe te AvA trIseka thAMbhalA taiyAra karAvelA, ane bahu ja AdhAM sthaLe UbhA karAvelA. patharA khodI kADhavAnuM ane TAMkaNAthI temane barAbara mApasara taiyAra karIne thAMbhalA banAvavAnuM ane e thAMbhalAne lAMbA pale laI javAnuM kAma azokanA samayanA zilpakArenI kunehanI ane magajazaktinI sAkSI pUre che. eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, azokanA samayanI pahelAMnA ' kALamAM bhAgye ja koI makAna paththare bAMdheluM jaNAya che. sthApatyanA kAme paththarano upayoga karavAnuM prathama mAna bauddharAja azokane ja ghaTe che. azeke pitAnAM lakhANamAM aneka sthaLe kahyuM che ke, pitAnI dharmalipio cirasthAyI thAya teTalA mATe zilAonA upara ane thAMbhalAonA upara teNe te ketarAvI hatI. e ja kAraNe pitAnA sAmrAjyanA kunehavALA kArIgarone ane pitAnI sAdhanasaMpattino upayoga karIne potAnI dharmalipio patharAnA upara teNe tarAvI hatI. azokanA kALanI pahelAMnA samayamAM ApaNA dezamAM 1. iliyaTakRta "hisTarI oNpha inDiyA" (hiMdustAnane ItihAsa), 3, 350. 13

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194 mukhyata: lAkaDAnAM bAMdhakAmo thatAM hatAM. Aje paNa brahmadezamAM ane cInamAM tema ja jApAnamAM lAkaDAnAM makAna bAMdhavAno rivAja cAlu che. alabatta, bAMdhakAmamAM paththaranA karatAM lAkaDuM vadhAre sAruM thaI paDe che; paraMtu paththara jeTale cirasthAyI nIvaDe che teTaluM lAkaDuM cirasthAyI nIvaDatuM nathI, e ja enI khAmI che. megAsthanIsa kahe che ke, " tIra mAravAnuM phAvI zake teTalA mATe bAkAM rAkhIne caNelI pharatI divAla" pATaliputranI AsapAsa bAMdhelI hatI. caMdraguptanA pATanagaranuM ja rakSaNa AvI lAkaDAnI divAlathI thatuM hatuM te pachI te samayanAM badhAM ja bAMdhakAmamAM lAkaDAne upayoga thato haze, ema ApaNe khuzIthI anumAnI zakIe. bauddhasAhityanAM " jAtake " mAM paNa lAkaDAnA bAMdhakAmanA aneka ullekhana ane IMTanA bAMdhakAmanA thoDAka ullekha jovAmAM Ave che; paNa paththaranA bAMdhakAmano eka paNa ullekha temAM jovAmAM Avato nathI. patharanA bAMdhakAmanI kaLA ane teno udyoga kaI ja jANatuM nahi, e eno artha karavAno nathI; kAraNa ke, "jAtake"mAM temano ullekha thaele che khare. vaLI, lagabhaga azakanA samayanI ja paththaranI eka mUrti te jANavAmAM che. e mUti para khamamAMthI maLI AvelI che. e mUrti darabArI kaDiyAoe ghaDelI nahi. vaLI, rAjapUtAnAnA nagarI gAmamAM vAsudeva-saMkarSaNanA maThane pharatI jaMgI divAlanA avazeSo jovAmAM Ave che te azakanA 1. " jAtaka, 2, 18, 7-13; 6, 332, 21 ane AgaLa. 2. " jAtaka," 6, 429, 17-18. 3. dAkhalA tarIke, juo "jAtaka" 1, 4%, 5 ane 12. 4. " kaeNTaloga opha dhI ArkIolaoNjikala myujhiyama, mathurA " (mathurAmAMnA purANuvastusaMgrahasthAnanuM sUcipatra ), pR. 83 ane citrapaTa 12.

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195 samayanA sahaja pahelAMnA kALanA hovA joIe. phargyusana sAhebanA mora azokanA samayanI pahelAnuM gaNAya tevuM paththaranuM bIjuM bAMdhakAma rAjagRha(rAjagIra )mAM Avela "karakSaka jo caMda" che. azokanA samayanI pahelAM paththaranA bAMdhakAmanI kaLA ane teno udyoga vikaselAM hatAM teno vadhArAno pUrAvo hajI joito hoya to pijhAvAnA stUpamAMthI maLI rapAvelI paththaranI jabarI peTI te pUrAvo pUro pADe che. 3 eka ja bhUkharA kALamIMDha paththaramAMthI te peTI banAvavAmAM AvelI che, ane te bAvana tasunI laMbAInI ane savAbatrIsa tasunI pahoLAInI ane savAchavIsa tasunI UMcAinI che. uttamottama hastakaLAne namUno te pUro pADe che. potAnI dharmalipione cirasthAyI karavAno vicAra azokane phuryo tyAre pitAnI pahelAMnA samayathI vikasatI AvelI ane AbAdI bhogavatI paththarakAmanI kaLAne upayoga karI levAno TharAva teNe karelo, ema jaNAya che. A dRSTie azokanAM bAMdhakAmanuM ATaluM varNana basa thaze. have evo savAla thAya che ke, kaLAnA namUnA tarIke e bAMdhakAmamAM vikAsano keTale aMza rahele che? ApaNe temanA je traNa vargo pADelA che te paikIne thAMbhalAone varga ja ahIM paNa mahattvane thaI paDe che. dareka thAMbhalAnA traNa bhAga paDelA hoya che -(1) ghaMTAkAra TocavALo Ubhe thAMbhale; (2) thAMbhalAnI Toce pATa; ane (3) Toce AsapAsa kotarakAmavALo mugaTano bhAga. Toca ane tenI uparanI pATa tathA tenI uparane mugaTarUpa bhAga thAMbhalAnI sauthI vadhAre mahattvanI ane kaLAbharI khAsiyata gaNAya che. AvI jAtanA thAMbhalAne sArAmAM sAre namana sAranAthamAMthI maLI Avela che. 1. me. A. sa. i., aMka 4, pR. 128 ane AgaLa. 2. hi. I. I. A, pu. 1, pR. 75. 3. sa. A, mu. si. nyuM. vaeN, pu. 3, bhAga 1, pR. 426.

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sAranAthanA thAMbhalAnA saMbaMdhamAM sara jahona mArzala sAheba kahe che ke, "paraMtu sAranAthane thAMbhale AdarzarUpa na gaNAya te paNa, isvI sananI pahelAMnI trIjI sadImAM sauthI vadhAre vikaselI je kaLAthI duniyA paricita thaelI hatI te kaLAne namUna -jenA aneka bApadAdAo kaLAnuM kAma karatA ane kaLAne anubhava dharAvatA te vyaktinA hAthanuM kAma- te che. kUlI UDatI nasavALA ane atizaya vikasita snAyuovALA je siMha Toce mugaTarUpa beThelA che temanAmAM ane temanI nIce jANe ke sAcesAcuM jIvaMta hoya tevuM je UThAvadAra kAma che temAM bAlAvasthA bhogavatI kaLAnI khoDakhAMpaNono (tenA adhUrApaNane) jarA paNa aMza jovAmAM AvatA nathI. zilpakAre naisargikatAno Azaya rAkhyo che tyAM sudhI kudaratamAMthI ja potAnAM citronA namUnA lIdhelA che. eTalAthI ja basa nathI. eNe te. enAthI paNa vadhAre kAma karyuM che. e thAMbhale sthApatyane namUno che, e vAta dhyAnamAM rAkhIne cAre siMhone tene baMdhabesatA karavAnA hetuthI temanAmAM bAMdhakAmanA barane vizeSa aMza jANI joIne ane hetupUrvaka dAkhala karelo che; ane TocanI sapATa pATanI upara mukelA ghoDAne mATe teNe pazcimadezanI kaLAmAM jANItA thaelA ane svIkArAelA namUnAno upayoga kare che. tenA UThAvadAra kAmanI viziSTatA paNa teTalI ja paripakava sthitie pahoMcelI che. ApaNe TUMka samayamAM jezuM tema, grIsanA zarUAtanA sthApatyanI mAphaka hiMdustAnanA zarUAtanA sthApatyamAM paNa be nizcita sapATIonI-paththaranI mULa AgaLanI sapATInI ane je bhAga kotarI kADhayo hoya te bhAganI aMdaranI sapATInI- vacce UThAvadAra kAma karavAno rivAja hato. sAranAthanA thAMbhalAnA UThAvadAra kAmamAM A kriyAne kAMI paNa aMza jovAmAM Avato nathI. koI paNa AdarzarUpa AgaLanI sapATIno vicAra karyA vagara darekedareka bhAganI kharekharI UMDAIne anusarIne ukta prANune (gheDAne) darekedareka bhAga ghaDavAmAM AvelA che;

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10 ane tenuM pariNAma e AvyuM che ke, geLAkAra AkRtine aaidha kApI kADhIne upalI pATanI sapATImAM goThavI dIdhI DhAya tevA dekhAva thai rahyo che. 1 .. >> paraMtu purANavantuzAstrIonA evA abhiprAya che ke, azAkanI sthApatyakaLA paradezI che. eka maMtavya evuM che ke, irAnanI bhArate AsIriyAmAMthI arone je sUcanAthI hiMdustAnamAM lAkaDAnA sthApatyanA sthaLe paththaranA sthApatyanI sthApanA thai te sUcanA maLelAM 2 te ja pramANe sAranAthanA thAMbhalAnA upalA ardhA bhAgamAM jaNAtI ghaNIkharI khAsiyatAnA -khAsa karIne ghaMTAkAra TAcanA- namUnA paNa AsIriyAmAMthI ja maLelA hatA. cheka hamaNAMnuM khIjuM maMtavya e che ke, azokanA bhalA khurAnanuM ane grIsanuM ja kAma che. sthApatyane lagatI tenI khAsiyA irAnI che; paNa jIvaMta prANIonuM dhaDatarakAma te pUrepUrUM grIsanuM che. tenuM kAraNu e che ke, e arasAmAM baiMkiyAmAM grIsadezIya jIssA pUrabahAramAM hatA ane " irAnanAM najIvAM ane bhAvahIna rUpAnA upara Adhipatya bhAgavIne temane sacetana karatA hatA. "OM AthI karIne irAnanI ane grIsanI e kaLA akiyAmAMthI hiMdustAnamAM dAkhala thai. have savAla e thAya che ke, irAnanI ane grIsanI e kaLA azAkanA thAMbhalAmAM kharekhara jovAmAM AvatI hAya ane akiyAmAM ja te pAte vikasI hoya teA pachI, khuda ma~kiyAmAMthI ke tenA pADeAsanA pradezamAMthI -dAkhalA tarIke, hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakrANunA pradezamAMthI--e kaLAnA kAi paNa namUne! jaDI AvyeA nathI, enu kAraNa zuM? AvA namUnA maLA na Ave tyAM sudhI teA irAnanI ane grIsanI asarane te mAtra nirAdhAra anumAna tarIke ja mAnavI joie. vaLI, ApaNe prathama 1. OM. hi. i., 1, '620-621. 2. hiM. I. I. A., pu. 1, pR. 3. 4. hi. I., 1, 622. 58-59.

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14 kahI gayA chIe tema, kaI makAnanA mukhyabhAgarUpa thAMbhalAnA badalAmAM svataMtra thAMbhalA UbhA karavAne vicAra IrAnamAM ke grIsamAM jamyo nathI paNa hiMdustAnamAM ja janme che. te ja pramANe, azokanA thAMbhalA ghaDavAmAM aikiyAnA grIsavAsI lokee Avo AgaLapaDato bhAga lIdhe have to pachI, Ayonika ke kariMthiyana varganAM rUpanA jevAM ke tenI viziSTatAonA jevAM khAsa karIne grIsanAM rU5 ke tenI viziSTatAo A sthApatyamAM temaNe dAkhala karyA nathI, e jarA navAIbhareluM che. hiMdI-pArthiyana ane kuzana vaMzanA sthApatyamAM Ayonika ke kericiyana rUpa ke tenI viziSTatAo jevAmAM Ave che, paNa azokanA samayamAM to tevuM kAMI ja na hatuM. velabuTTI ane sAMkaLa tema ja maNakA ane phirakI vagere je dekhAvo grIsanI kaLAnA abhyAsIne jANItA che te azokanA thAMbhalAmAM jovAmAM Ave che, e vAta kharI che. paraMtu e dekhAvo kAMI khAsa grIsanI ja khAsiyato nathI; kAraNa ke, khuda grIsavAsI lokee AsIriyAmAMthI tenuM anukaraNa kareluM che, ema jANavAmAM AveluM che. azokanA thAMbhalAnI bIjI khAsiyate -dAkhalA tarIke, ghaMTAkAra Tocano bhAga, ane citrakAma vagarano lIso Ubho thAMbhalo ane tene caLakATa- IrAnIonI mAraphate nahi paNa sIdhI rIte AsIriyAvAsIonI kanethI lIdhela che, ema kahevuM vadhAre kudaratI che. aneka varSonI pahelAM zrIyuta rAjedralAla mitre kahyuM hatuM tema, azokanA samayanI pachI ghaNA kALe hiMdustAnanA lokoe AsIriyAnA lekenI nakala karI hatI, ema kahevuM vadhAre sahIsalAmatIbharyuM che. sarva purANavastuzAstrIoe mauryakALanI pahelAMnI mAnelI "vAsaMdha nI vairAne phargyusana sAhebe mULa AsAriyAnA aMzavALI ane birsa nimarUdanI nakala tarIke gaNuM 1. "i-Aryansa" (hiMdI-Aryo), pu. 1, pR. 14 ane AgaLa.

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199 , "" st " " ,, "" che,1 e vAta mApaNA upalA nirNayane baMdhabesatI nIvaDe che. paraMtu savAla e thAya che ke, hi MdustAnanA ane AsIriyAnA lAkA kayAre ane kayAM samAgamamAM AvelA ? 'mAsIriyana ' leAkeA bezaka asurA che. vedasAhityamAM temane khuda hiMdustAnanA lAkA kahelA che. vedakALanA A leAkeA temanI sAthe satata laDAi karatA hatA. AryAMnuM Agamana thayuM tenA pahelAM ja temaNe hiMdustAnanA meTA bhAganA kabajo lai lIdhelA, ema jaNAya che. asurA mATA zilpIe hatA, ema lAge che; kAraNa ke, "Rgveda" mAM paNa temanAM " sAta divAlanAM " leAkhaDanI divAlanAM' zaheranA athavA te temanAM paththaranAM se zaherA " nA ullekha aneka sthaLe karelA jovAmAM Ave che. ahIM e samayanA divAlavALA killAonA ullekha thaeleA lAge che. vaLI, te paikInA keTalAka killA paththaranA bAMdhelA hatA, ema paNa AthI jaNAya che. "Rgaveda " mAM rAjamahelAne " hAra bAraNAMvALA " ane " hajAra thAMbhalAnA AdhAre bAMdhelA maMDapeA " dharAvanArA kahyA che. asura mayadAnave yudhiSThirane mATe bAMdhelA maMDapanuM je vana mahAbhArata "mAM ApeluM che te upalA vanane barAbara maLatuM Ava che. ghaNuM karIne te lAkaDAnA banAvavAmAM AvatA hatA. jaMgI makAnA asurAnA sthApatyanI khAsiyata hatI. te jaMgI pramANamAM makAnA bAMdhatA. azAkanA samayanI hiMdu saMskRtimAM AsIriyAnA jeTalA aMza hatA teTalA ja aMza AyaeNnA paNa hatA; ane spatyanI dRSTie jAtAM teA kahaMdustAna AsIriyAnA lAkAte ( asurane ). kharekhara AbhArI hatA. temAM paNa khAsa karIne je AsIriyAvAsIoe hiMdustAnamAM vasavATa karIne tene potAnI janmabhUmirUpa banAvI dIdhA hatA te AsIriyAvAsIone tA hiMdustAna bahu ja AbhArI hatA. e rIte ApaNe ema kahI zakIe ke, azAkanA samayanuM sthApatya ghaNA aMze AsIriyAne AbhArI hatuM te paNa hiMdu hatuM. (6 .. 1. "keiva Tempalsa Apha iMDiyA " ( hiMdustAnanAM guhAmaMdira ), pR. 34-35. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat nara www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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ka pariziSTa. kaI paNa vidvAne asuronA praznane abhyAsa hajI sudhI barAbara karyo nathI, e kharekhara dayAjanaka sthiti che. keTalAka vidvAnoe alabatta bheDA vakhatathI ema sUcavavA mAMDayuM che ke, vedasAhityamAM leke tarIke ullekhAelA asuro ghaNuMkarIne AsIriyAvAsIo hatA. vaLI, hiMdustAnanI bahAra mesopoTemiyAmAM ke madhya-eziyAmAM koI sthaLe AsIriyAvAsI lekenI sAthe Ane samAgama je samaye thaele te samayanAM saMbhAraNarUpe e ullekha che, ema paNa teo kahe che. paraMtu te vidvAnonI pahelAMnA eca. eca. vilsana sAhebe ane ke. ema. baeNnarajIe e ja siddhAMto rajU karyA hatA, e vAta dekhItI rIte bhUlI javAmAM AvI lAge che. vilsana sAhebe kahyuM che ke, asure to hiMdustAnanA pUrvadika" loko hatA; ane temanAM zaherone nAza iMdra karele kahevAya che. baeNnarajIe eka DagaluM AgaLa karIne kahyuM che ke, asure te AsIriyAvAsIo ja che. teNe ema paNa kahyuM che ke, je traNa artha mAM "ahura" zabda "myuniphorma" zilAlekhomAM vaparAya che te ja artha mAM "sura" zabda vedasAhityamAM vaparAele che. paraMtu te vilsana sAhebathI viruddha paDIne ema mAne che ke, hiMdustAnanI aMdara nahi paNa bahAra madhya eziyAmAM Aryone samAgama AsIriyAnA lokonI sAthe thayA hovA joIe. paNuM yuniphorma mAM vaparAya che, 1. sa. e. se, 1916, 5 363-366 ja. bI. eN. ra. e. se, pu. 25, pR. 76 ane AgaLa.. 2. "Rgaveda" (aMgrejI bhASAMtara) pu. 3, prastAvanA, pR. 14. 3. "eriyana viTanesa"(eriyana sAkSI, pR. 49 ane AmaLa.

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vilsana sAheba je kahe che te kharuM lAge che. zrIyuta vi. kA. rAjavADee hAlamAM. "sura" zabdanA viSayano vistArapUrvaka lekha lakhela che temAM temaNe yogya ja kahyuM che ke"sArA arthamAM asura" zabda vaparAyAnA aneka dAkhalAo maLI Ave che, ane kharAba arthamAM mAtra 15 (eTale ke, kula 105 nA ekasaptamAMza) sthaLe te zabda vaparAelo jovAmAM Ave che. A vAta ema batAvI Ape che ke, RgavedanA samayanA aMtabhAgamAM RgavedanA dharmanI ane jarathustanA dharmanI vacce phATaphUTa thaI hatI. RgavedanI pachInA samayamAM e vi te ane tIvratara thatuM gayuM. ahIM chelluM vAya bahu ja mahatvanuM che; kAraNa ke, gavedanI pachInA samayamAM Aryoe ApaNuM dezamAM vasavATa bezaka karelo tethI karIne AryonI ane asuranI vaccenuM tIvra vaimanasya ApaNA dezamAM ja pedA thayuM hatuM, ema e vAkaya spaSTa karI Ape che. "zatapathabrAhmaNa"mAM paNuM eka sthaLe kahyuM che ke, prAcco paNa asure hatA. "prAya - ne "magadha" paNa kahevAmAM Ave che, e to ApaNe jANIe chIe. vihAranA choTAnAgapuramAM anArya jAti tarIke asure Aje paNa jovAmAM Ave che, e vAta upalI hakIkatane barAbara baMdhabesatI Ave che. ApaNe prathama kahI gayA chIe tema je " saMpa jo vaivA'ne phargyusana sAhebe mauryakALanI pahelAMnI mAnelI che ane AsIriyAmAMnA birsa nimarUdanI nakala tarIke gaNAvelI che te "karAya to vaida" vihAramAMnA rAjagRha(rAjagIra)mAM ja che, e vAta paNa upalI hakIkatane maLatI Ave che. bAbIleniyAnI mahora (sIla ) ApaNuM dezamAMthI zAthI maLI AvelI, e vAtane khulAso paNa uparanI hakIkatathI thaI jAya che ? 1. pra. TrA.pha. o. kaeN, pR. 18-19. 2. 13, 8, 1, 5; se. bu. I., pR. 44, pR. 4ra3-4ra4. 3. ja. e. se. beM, 1914, pR 462.

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202 (6 "3 e maheAra nAgapuranA purAvastuAgrahasthAnamAM rAkhavAmAM AvelI che, ane te isvI sananI pahelAMnA 2,000 varSanA jeTalI jUnI che. e mahera kayI jagyAethI jaDelI, e jaNAyuM nI; paNa madhyaprAMtamAMnA koi sthaLethI te maLI AvelI, prema manAya che. zatapatha-brAhmaNu "nA samayamAM prAcyAnI jAti teA asurAnI aneka jAtio paikInI mAtra eka ja jAti hatI. pazu ApaNA dezanA badhA bhAgamAM asurAnAM bIjA' thANAM hovAM joie kharAM. vedasAhityanA ane rAmAyaNamahAbhArata nA bArIka abhyAsa karavAmAM Ave te temanA halanacalanane ane temanAM rAjyAnA itihAsa ApaNe UpajAvI zakIe kharA. je khAMDavavananA dAvAnaLamAMthI ajuM te suprasiddha mayAsurane bacAvyA hatA te khAMDavavanasahita saMyukta prAMtAnA pazcimabhAgamAM asurAnuM eka thANuM hAvuM joie. pANininA samaya sudhI paNa asurA ( laDavaiyA ) lAkA tarIke ALakhAtA hatA. pANinie peAtAnA pazu-gaNavALA pazuona (prAcIna parziyana leAkA)nI pachI turata ja asurAne gaNAvelA che. teo kAi mleccha bhASA khelatA.1 : ' "" ' ApaNA dezamAM AryAM dAkhala thayAM tenA pahelAMnA samayathI ja AsIriyAvAsI leAkeA ApaNA dezamAM meAjUda hatA teA pachI eve! savAla svAbhAvika rIte thAya che ke, hiMdustAnamAM AsIriyAnI saMskRtinA kAM lIsATA jevAmAM Ave che kharA ? tenA javAbamAM hA' kahevAnI che. AsIriyAnI sauthI pahelI asara teA ApaNA derAnA prAcIna sthApatyanA upara elI jovAmAM AvI che. svastha bAla gaMgAdhara TiLake paNa ApaNane batAvI ApyuM che ke, atha veda 'mAMnA keTalAka dAnA athavA asurA cAkheMcekhkhA cADiyAvAsI hutA.2 RgavedanI pachI aya veda 1. ja. khA. . . e. se, 25, 7; sA. DaeNA. mA. ge., 68, 719 2. bhAMDArakara kAmmemepherAna vAlyuma " (bhAMDArakara--smAraka-graMtha), pR. 29 ane AgaLa. * ,,

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203 thaelo tethI karIne cAhiyAnA devagaNane ATale bhAga ApaNuM dezamAM ja dAkhala thaelo hovo joie. kharuM jotAM to mairyakALanA udayanI pahelAMnA hiMdustAnanI saMskRtimAM mukhyataH Aryone ane asureno ja aMza hato. sAtamuM prakaraNa itihAsamAM azakanuM sthAna azoka je vividha pravRtti satata karI rahyo hato te pravRttine saMpUrNa rIte spaSTa khyAla atyArasudhImAM ApaNe meLavI lIdhA che. itihAsamAM azokanuM kharuM sthAna kayuM gaNuya ? e nakkI karavAnA hetuthI ApaNe tenA kAmano cokkasa aMdAja kADhavAno prayatna have karazuM; paNa tene Adarza ane tenA hetuo nakkI karavAno prayatna ApaNe na karIe tyAM sudhI tenA kAmano vigatavAra khyAla bAMdhavAnuM banI zake tema nathI. ane A bAbatamAM dila kholIne ApaNane kAMI paNa kahyuM che kharuM ? azeke potAnA mananA UMDANamAM aneka prasaMge ApaNane UtAryA che to pachI A mahattvanI bAbatamAM te ApaNuM upara vizvAsa rAkhIne ApaNane kAMI ja na kahe, e mAnI zakAtuM nathI. potAnA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM te kahe che ke, "AkhI duniyAnA hitathI vadhAre umadA pharaja bIjI koI nathI. vaLI, je kAMI jahemata huM UThAvuM chuM te evA hetuthI ke, bhUtonI pratyenA RNamAMthI huM mukta thAuM, teomAMnA keTalAkane ahIM sukhI karuM, ane teo paralokamAM svarge pahoMce." e rIte jotAM, azekane Adarza mAtra manuSyanI pratye bhrAtRbhAva" nathI, paNa "jIvatAM

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prANuonI pratye bhrAtRbhAva" che. AkhI sajIva sRSTinI sAthe pitAno saMbaMdha rahelo che, ema te mAne che; ane temane ahika tema ja pAralaukika sukha maLe tema karavuM, e pitAnI pharaja che ema te gaNe che. manuSyonI bAbatamAM te ema mAne che ke, mAtra potAnI prajAnI pratye ja tenI potAnI pharaja rahelI nathI, paNa manuSyajAtinI pratye tenI potAnI pharaja rahelI che. A bAbatamAM teNe bahu spaSTa rIte kahI dIdhuM che. dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA zilAlekhamAM te kahe che ke, jevI rIte te pitAnAM saMtAnone A lakanuM tathA paralakanuM sarva hitasukha apAvavA Icche che tevI ja rIte sarva manuSyone mATe paNa tevuM ja te pote icche che. vaLI e paikInA bIjA zilAlekhamAM AgaLa vadhIne te pitAnA amaladArone pharamAve che ke, tenA pitAnA upara vizvAsa rAkhavAnuM pADesanAM svataMtra rAjyonA lekene temaNe kahevuM, ane temaNe temanI khAtrI karI ApavI ke, "je ApaNo pitA te ja ApaNe rAjA (azoka) che. te jema pitAne anukaMpe che tema ApaNane anukape che; rAjAnAM jevAM saMtAno tevAM ApaNe chIe." A vAta ema batAvI Ape che ke, pitAnAM saMtAnanI pratyenA pitAnA vartananA jevuM azokanuM vartana mAtra pitAnI prajAnI sAthe ja rahetuM nahi, paNa sarva manuSyone teno lAbha ApavAnA hetuthI sarahadI rAjyanI prajAnI sAthe paNa tenuM tevuM vartana rahetuM hatuM. alabatta mAtra AdhyAtmika bAbatomAM ja pADesanAM svataMtra rAjyomAM kaI paNa rAjA vijaya meLavI zake, ane e rIte evAM rAjyonI prajAne tenI pitAnI prajA tarIke te gaNuM zake. je Adarzane anusarIne azoka pitAnuM kAma karI rahyo hatA te AdarzanA saMbaMdhamAM ATaluM kahevuM basa thaze. ahIM je kahyuM che te atizayokti nathI, paNa satya kathana che : e vAtanI khAtrI azeke pitAne hetu pAra pADavAne lIdhelA upAthI, thaI

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zon jAya che. prathama te, manuSyAnA ane pazuonA zarIrasukhane mATe teNe je parApakAranAM kAma karelAM temanA vicAra ApaNe karavAnA che. agAu te ApaNe joi gayA chIe.1 te paikInu sauthI vadhAre mahattvanuM kAma teA e hatu` ke, teNe auSadhie tathA mULiyAM ane kaLA jyAMjyAM na hatAM tyAMtyAM levaDAvI jaine pAvyAM hatAM. phUvA khAdAvavA, ane chAyA ApanArAM jhADa rApAvavAM : e vagere parApakAranAM kAmeA tema ja uparanuM parApakAranuM kAma potAnA sAmrAjyamAM teNe karelAM eTaluM ja nahi, pazu hiMdustAnanI aMdaranA ane bahAranA potAnA samakAlIna rAjAenA pradezamAM paNa teNe te kAmeA karelAM. prANInI pratye bedarakArIbharI krUratA thatI aTakAvavAne tema ja temaneA vadha thatA baMdha karavAne teNe je upAye lIdhelA te paNa ApaNe prathama vAMcI gayA chIe.2 para Mtu mAtra prANIonI pratye ja te dayA batAvatA, ema kAMi nathI. ApaNe agAu kahI gayA chIe tema, ' prALAnaM sAramo ' ( prANanA vadha na karavo te ) ane avittinA mUtAnam ' ( jIvaMta prANIona hiMsA na karavI te ) nItiviSayaka dharmAcaraNanI e mukhya bAbatA che. emane anusarIne ja te potAnA bIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM kabUla kare che ke, "aMpagAM tathA cApagAM prANIone tathA pakSIone ane pANImAM rahetAM prANIone prANanI dakSiNA ApavAnA jeTalA pazu anugraha teNe pAte karyAM che. e rIte azAke vistRta kAryakrama "dhaDI kADhayA hatA; ane mAtra prANIonI bAbatamAM ja nahi, paNa AkhI prANIsRSTinI khAbatamAM tenA amala karavAnuM teNe TharAvyuM hatuM. je aDriMka hitasukha teNe pAte sAdheluM. ane manuSyAe tema ja pazue paNa sAdheluM te hitasukhanA sabaMdhamAM ATaluM kahevuM basa thaze. ApaNe ema paNa jANIe < "" 1. juo pR. 633-134; 140-141. 2. jIA pR. 137-138,

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206 chIe ke, pAralaukika hitasukha sAdhavAnI bAbatamAM eTale ke, mAtra potAnA sAmrAjyanI ja prajAmAM nahi paNa bahAranA leke sahita sarva manuSyomAM dharma jAgrata karIne phelAvavAnI bAbatamAM paNa teNe tanatoDa mahenata karI hatI. e jAtanI pravRttimAM azokane ghaNI phateha maLelI, e ApaNe joI gayA chIe. hiMdustAnanI bahAranA dezomAM paNa tevI phateha pote meLavelI, evuM azoka pite kahe che te kAMI khoTe DoLa na hate. 1 dharmopadezaka tarIkenA tenA prayatnonAM kevAM zubha pariNAma AvelAM, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. buddhano upadeza AkhA hiMdustAnamAM tema ja siMhaladvIpamAM phelAye hato. i. sa. pU. 200 nI pahelAM cInamAM paNa te prasaryo hate. pazcima-eziyAmAM bauddhapaMthane svIkAra thayo hoya to tevAM kAMI cihno dekhAtAM nathI te paNa khristI dharmanA upara te tenI asara bezaka thaelI ja hatI. nidAna manuSyanI pratyenA bhrAtRbhAvane lagatA potAnA siddhAMtanA saMbaMdhamAM te khristI dharma azoke prasarAvelA buddhopadezane AbhArI che, evo nirNaya karyA vagara chUTake ja nathI. azekanA mananI sAme karyo Adarza satata khaDe raheto hato, tathA sarvane lAgU paDatI ane avirata pravRtti kayA mukhya hetuthI te karatA hatA : e ApaNe joI gayA. AthI karIne, itihAsamAM azoka kayuM sthAna bhogave che, e have ApaNe nakkI karI zakIe kharA. prAcIna duniyAnA aneka samrATonI sAthe tenI sarakhAmaNI karavAmAM AvelI che. paNa e sarakhAmaNIthI tene jarA paNa AMca AvatI nathI. judAM judAM be dRSTibiMduthI tene ramanA mahAna samrATa kaeNnsTaTAInanI sAthe sarakhAvavAmAM Avela che. adhyApaka hAIsa DeviDjha ema mAne che ke, azoka konsTaTAInanA jevo hato kAraNa ke, khristI dharmamAM AdhyAtmika avanati thaelI tenuM kAraNa konsTaTAIne 1. juo pR. 141.

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ra7. karelAM paropakAranAM dharma kAryo hato tevI ja rIte azake karela bauddhapathane svIkAra ane saMghane teNe karelI suMdara bheTa bauddhapaMthanI paDatInA mArganA hiMdustAnamAMthI te paMthane bAtala karavAnA pahelA pagathiyArUpa " hatAM. ahIM pahelAM to kahevuM joIe ke, hidustAnamAMthI bauddhapaMtha bAtala thayo che, ema kahevuM ja bhUlabhareluM che; kAraNa ke, baMgALAnA keTalAka bhAgamAM haju paNa te cAlU che. alabatta, Aje te DAmADoLa sthitimAM che khare. isvI sananI bAramI sadInI pachI turata ja- eTale ke, azokanI pachI Azare doDha hajAra varSe- tenI AvI kaphoDI sthiti thaelI hatI. AvuM hovAthI, tenI pachI ATalI mudate bauddhapaMtha bAtala thaye tene mATe tene potAne zI rIte javAbadAra gaNo, e ja samajI zakAtuM nathI. vaLI, bauddhapaMthanA saMghane agya bheTa teNe ApelI, eno pUrAvo zo ? alabatta, bauddhagraMthonI hakIkatamAM pUrNa vizvAsa rAkhavAnuM adhyApaka hAIsa DeviDajha ApaNane kahe che; paNa nidAna azokanI bAbatamAM to te graMthamAMnI hakIkatane dhaNokharo bhAga lagabhaga avizvasanIya che. siMhaladvIpanA ane anya bhikSuoe paraMparAgata lakathAne barAbara jALavI rAkhI che, ema ghaDIbhara ApaNe mAnI laIe to paNuM, azokanI pachInA saikAomAM bauddhabhikSuonI AdhyAtmika avanati thayAnI sAbItI kyAM che? guptakALanI zarUAtanA- eTale ke, Azare I. sa. 350nA pahelAM bauddhapaMthanI paDatI thayAnA dAkhalA maLI AvatA ja nathI. vaLI, keTalAka vidvAne azokane konsTaTAinanI sAthe sarakhAve che tenuM kAraNa e ke, banne rAjAo pitapotAnA dharmanA AzrayadAtA hatA, ane te dharmane phelAvo karavAmAM temaNe puSkaLa madada karI hatI. paraMtu e vidvAno eTalI 1. "buddhAMjhama" (bauddhapaMtha), pR. 22. 2. hADakRta "azoka AIna-kArakaTara-bilDa, eTa seTerA," pR. 30; hAIsa Devigsa kRta "buddhisTa inDiyA"(bauddhahiMdustAna), pR. 297-298; resanata "eziyaMTa InDiyA" (prAcIna hiMdustAna), pR 104.

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6 vAta bhUlI gayA che ke, je paristhitimAM azAka peAtAnA dhama tA pracAra karavAne mathI rahyo hatA te paristhiti kAsTaMTAina je paristhitimAM kAma karI rahyo hatA te paristhitithI taddana jUdI paDatI hatI. 1 " kAsTaMTAIne vijaya pAmatA dharmanuM uparapaNuM lIdhuM hatuM " tyAre azoke jarA paNa AgaLa nahi vadhelA dharmonuM uparapaNuM lIdhuM hatuM. keMnsTiTAina " gaNatrI karanArA, luccA, vahemI, dhaNuMkharUM ra, kaDaka " hatA, ane teno " saMpUrNa dIrdha dRSTinA eka ja dAkhale tene ' mahAna' kahevAne lAyaka TharAve che. ' paraMtu azokanA AtmA vicArazIla ane dayALu tema ja ucca Adarzo dharAvanArA tathA tanateADa mahenata karanArA ane eka ja hetunI pratye dRSTi ja rAkhanArA tema ja ajaba yuktiothI bharelA hatA. " rAjanItinA kAme ( dharmanI bAbatamAM ) sahanazIla thavAnI tarapha kaeNsTaMTAinanuM valaNa rahetu hatuM. " dharmanI pratyenI azeAkanI sahanazIlatA kharA jigaranI hatI. peAtAnA jIvananAM chevaTanAM varSAmAM kAsTaMTAIna badalAi jaine kharA devane pUjanArA rahyo na hatA. tenA mate tene dharma mAtra vicitra khIcaDA " hatA. azoke AvI nItibhraSTatA hiMdu paNa batAvI nathI. te te zarUAtathI Akhara sudhI e ne e dharmane cIvaTAIthI vaLagI rahyo hatA. ,, .. w 3 vaLI, I. sa. 721 thI i. sa. 810 sudhI thai gaelA rAmanA samrATa mAsa Areliyasa eNTAniyamanI sAthe azekane sarakhAvavAmAM AvelA che. alabatta, khAnagI ucca jIvananI bAbatamAM tA mArkasa Areliyasa azokanA kharAbariyA hatA, buddhi vikAsanI bAbatamAM tA te azeAkane paNa TapI jAya tevA hatA; paNa HH 1. TAImsa liTararI saplImenTa " ( 'TAimsa' patranI sAhityapUti, AgasTa 7, 1914, 2. e. rI. e., 4, 77 3. maeNpheIlakRtta " zeka", pR. 80; OM. hi. iM,. 1, 509.

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209 AdarzanI uccatAnI bAbatamAM tema ja avirata ane suyogya jahemata UThAvavAnI bAbatamAM to azoka tene TapI jAya tevo hato. alabatta, mArkasa oreliyasanAM vakhANa karanArA keTalAka leke kahe che ke, manuSyajAtinI pratye prema rAkhavAmAM ja potAnA jIvananuM sAphalya te pote mAnato hato, ane e ja ene dharma hato. paNa ahIM eTalI vAta bhUlI javAi che ke, tenAmAM "rAmavAsIne yogya thaI paDe tevAM moTAI ane daMbha tathA romavAsIne yogya thaI paDe tevI sArvabhauma sattAnA AdarzanI cIvaTAI" hatAM, ane "romanI caDhatIne lagatA tenA pitAnA AdazanI sAthe khristI dharmanA prasArane meLa besato na hato tethI ja khristIonI tarapha teNe rItasara krUratA dAkhavI hatI. azenA jIvanane ane tenI rAjyavyavasthAne TUMkI buddhinA AvA malina Adarzane pAsa lAgyo na hato tema ja manuSyajAtanA koI vibhAganI pratyenA AvA amAnuSI vairabhAvane DAgha lAgyo na hato. samasta manuSyajAtinA tema ja samasta prANIsRSTinA hitasukhane mATe teNe rItasara tanatoDa mahenata karI hatI, ane tenuM niHsvAthI jIvana jAtiviSayaka ke rASTrIya ke kauTuMbika daMbhathI athavA pakSapAtathI dUSita thaeluM nathI. koI eka lekhake rAjA AkreDanI sAthe tathA zArlamenanI sAthe ane pahelA khalIpha ummaranI sAthe tema ja evA bIjA aneka rAjAonI sAthe azakanI sarakhAmaNuM karelI che. aneka rAjAo azokanA jevA meTA laDavaiyA athavA moTA rAjanItijJa thaI gayA che, paNa te sau paikInA azenI kIrti AkhA jagatamAM sadAne mATe prasarI che tenuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke, teNe manuSyajAtinuM ahika tema ja pAralaukika hitasukha sAdhyuM hatuM. azokanI A khAsiyata gheDA aMze paNa je rAjAmAM na hoya te rAjAne azokanI 1. e. bri, 17, 65. 2. mekapheIlakRDha "azaka," pR. 80 ane AgaLa. 14

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sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya nahi. A dRSTie jotAM te azokane mAtra mugala samrATa akabaranI sAthe ja sarakhAvI zakAya. akabare pitAnI prajAnA hitasukhane mATe ghaNI jahemata uThAvI hatI, e bAbatamAM to kAMI ja zaka nathI. paNa je khAsa mahatvanI bAbatamAM azokane te maLato Ave che te e che ke, teNe dharmanI bAbatamAM sahanazIlatA rAkhavAnuM TharAvyuM hatuM, ane dareka dharmamAMnAM satyane zodhavAne lagatA pitAnA sahAnubhUtipUrvaka prayatnathI teNe potAnI prajAnA upara umadA dAkhalo besADayA hatA. suphI tathA sunnI tema ja ziyA ane brAhmaNa tema ja (jena) jati tathA bauddha tema ja khristI ane yAdI tema ja jarathustI vagere saunI dharmacarcA sAMbhaLavAmAM ane temanuM pramukhapada levAmAM tene keTalo AnaMda paDato, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. AvI carcA zA hetuthI te karate, e paNa ApaNe jANue chIe. te ghaNuMkharuM kahetA ke, " je vyakti potAnA aSaNanA mArgamAM nyAyathI ja derAya che ane vivekabuddhi kabUla rAkhe teja dareka dharmamAMthI tAravI le che te ja vyakti kharekhara manuSya gaNAya. je tALAnI kUMcI khovAI gaI che te tALuM kadAca A ja rIte UghaDe." ra AvI rIte sarva dharmomAMthI sArAmAM sAruM cUMTI levAmAM AvyuM tenuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke, "dIna IlAhI nAmaka dharma astitvamAM Avyo. temAM ekadevavAdane aMza hatA, ane khAsa karIne sUryathI sUcavAtA prakAzanI ane agninI pUjA paNa dAkhala thaelI hatI. tene pArasIonA dharmathI jUdo gaNavAne nathI." azokanA saMbaMdhamAM ApaNe joyuM che ke, pitAnI dharmapaSaNanA pariNAmamAM teNe jenapaMthathI sahaja raMgAelA bauddhapaMthane svIkAra karyo hato. paNa eTaluM yAda rAkhavAnuM che ke, akabara "sauthI vadhAre pramANamAM rAjanItijJa hatA ane duniyAdArIthI 1. e. pI. e., 2, 127. 2. e. pI. e., 1, 269 ane AgaLa.

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211 vAkepha hatA tema ja dharmatattvanA kAme pitAnI sArvabhauma sattAne bhayamAM nAkhavAne koI paNa rIte taiyAra na hato." dharmanI bAbatamAM navI navI praNAlikAo te pite dAkhala karo tethI musalamAnomAM hullaDe thatAM te tyAretyAre sarva dharmacarcAne te baMdha karI de. tenA pitAnA dharmabhraSTa leke baMgALAmAM hullaDa macAvI rahyA hatA tyAre khristI dharmopadezakonA upadezane sAMbhaLavAne te taiyAra na hato. vaLI, sarva prasaMge te sahanazIla na hato. IlAhI nAmaka paMtha Ubho thayo te vakhate akabare te paMthanA lekene pakaDAvyA hatA ane dezapAra karIne siMdhamAM tathA aphaghAnistAnamAM mokalI ApyA hatA ane tyAM ghoDAnA badalAmAM temane vecyA hatA. akabaranI dharmaparyeSaNa moTA bhAge zALAnA abhyAsane maLatI AvatI hatI. teNe pitAne "dIna ilAhI' jAhera karyo tyAre tenI aMdara pitAnI kIrti vadhAravAne aMza paNa rahelo jovAmAM Avato hatA. e dharmane mATe tene jarA paNa utsAha ke jusso na hato, ane tethI te pote samrATa hato te paNa teno "dIna IlAhI" rAjadarabArathI AgaLa vadhyo ja na hato, ane tene sthApanAre gayo tenI sAthesAthe te paMtha paNa cAlatA thayA. yuropanA ItihAsakAronI dRSTie mahAna sikaMdara ane sIjhara tema ja neliyana duniyAnA moTAmAM moTA samrATa gaNAya che. teo kadAca azokanA karatAM paNa vadhAre jabarA laDavaiyAo ane rAjanItinipuNa puruSa hatA, enI nA na kahI zakAya. paraMtu, teo meTA laDavaiyA ane rAjanItinipuNa hatA tethI mahApuruSa hatA, ema kahI zakAya kharuM? "AuTalAIna Apha hisTarI" (itihAsanI rUparekhA)nA kartA zrIyuta eca. jI. velsa sAhebe hamaNAM ja A savAlane vicAra karyo che. ukta itihAsa jIvanane ane manuSyajAtine itihAsa che tethI temAM dAkhala thaelI badhI vyaktiene vicAra judA dRSTibiMduthI temaNe karyo che, ane jUdA dhoraNane

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ra A anusarIne- eTale ke, duniyAne kAi paNa rIte vadhAre sukhI ane sArI temaNe karI che ke kema, e dhAraNane anusarIne- temane khyAla temaNe bAMdhelA che. AthI karIne sikaMdaranI tathA sIjharanI ane taipeAliyananI bAbatamAM velsa sAhebe yAgya ja prazna UThAvyA che ke, " ApaNA itihAsanAM ATalAM badhAM pAnAMneA ijArA rAkhanArA traNe puruSAe manuSyajAtine kayA sthAyI kALA ApyA che ? '1 sika Mdare navuM zuM utpanna kayuM` ? teNe pUrvadezamAM grIsanI sattA sthApI kharo ? nA. tenI pahelAMnA dhaNA vakhatathI grIsanI sattAnI sthApanA tA thatI AvI hatI. aDriyaTika samudrathI mAMDIne siMdhu nadI sudhIneA badhe! pradeza thADA vakhata sudhI tenA tAbAmAM hatA. e akayane sthAyI karavAne lagatI kAi yeAjanA teNe karelI kharI ? nA. evI kAMi cAkkasa yAjanA teNe karelI jANavAmAM AvI nathI. velsa sAheba kahe che ke, "tenI sattA vadhatI gai tematema tenI sAthe uddhatAi ane krUratA paNa vadhatI gai. te puSkaLa dArU pIvA lAgyA ane nirdayatAthI khUna karavA lAgyA. bhAkhIleAnamAM lAMbA vakhata sudhI dArU pItAMpItAM Akhare tene ekAeka tAva AvyA, ane tetrIsa varSanI ummare te marI gayA. lagabhaga turata ja tenA sAmrAjyanA TukaDeTukaDA thaI javA lAgyA. lakAne tenI yAda apAvanArA eka rivAja cAlu rahyo. pahelAMnA vakhatamAM dhaNAkharA leAkA dADhI rAkhatA. paNa sikaMdara peAtAnA sau nI bAbatamAM eTalA badhA gava dharAvatA hatA ke, pAtAnA caherAne DhAMkI devAnu tene gamatuM na hatuM. teNe hajAmata karAvavAnuM rAkhyuM, ane e rIte je rivAja teNe dAkhala karyAM te saikA grIsamAM ane iTAlImAM cAlu rahyo. e rUDhi kadAca sArI kahevAya; paNa prajAne khAsa mahattvane phALA e rIte teNe ApyA, evuM kAMI nathI." sikaMdaranI bAbatamAM je kahyuM che te sIjharanI bAbatamAM paNa sudhI 1. dhI sTeMDa maeNgejhina," sapTembara, 1922, pR. 216 ane AgaLa

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213 kahI zakAya tema che. ItihAsakAro kahe che ke, sIjhara keTalAka aMze dRSTA hatA. samasta duniyAnI dRSTie teNe sthApelAM keTalAMka nItitAne ullekha teo kare che. paNa te ApaNane kevo jaNAya che ? te ApaNane mAtra raMDIbAja ane kharcALa ja jaNAya che. je dRSTApaNuM tenAmAM hovAnuM kahevAmAM Ave che te dRSTApaNuM tenAmAM kharekhara hota to je vakhate te pote sattAnA zikhare pahoMcele hatA te vakhate te duniyAnuM bhaluM karI zakyo heta; paNa tema na karatAM copana varSanI ummare te mIsaramAM pelI sAina kilaopeTrAnI sAthe eka varSa sudhI mejamajA mANavAmAM mazagUla rahyo hato, ema ApaNe joIe chIe. te moTI ummare pUrepUre raMDIbAja hato, ema e vAta sAbIta kare che. te potAnI prajAne sarvopari rAjA ezI sAbIta thato nathI. nepoliyananA saMbaMdhamAM velsa sAheba Ama kahe che-"jUnI rUDhipraNAlikA gata thaI hatI athavA thatI jatI hatI. pitAnuM rUpa ane pitAne mArga baLatAM vicitra navIna baLa duniyAmAM dhapI rahyAM hatAM. pravRtta thaelA asaMkhya lokonA magajamAM sRSTinI prajAsattAnA vacananA ane sRSTinI cirasthAyI zAMtinA paDaghA paDI rahyA hatA. A puruSamAM sabaLa dRSTApaNuM hota ane sakriya kalpanAzakti heta tema ja niHsvAthI mahAkAMkSAthI ja te derA heta to ItihAsanA khuda sUrya tarIke tene dIpAve evuM kAma manuSyajAtine mATe teNe karyuM hata...paNa tenAmAM moTI khoDa e hatI ke, umadA kalpanAzakti tenAmAM na hatI. nAnI DhagalInA upara nAne kUkaDe nAce tema ka9panAzaktinA abhAve takanA moTA TekarAnI Toce nepoliyana mAtra DagalAM bharI zako. nepoliyane pitAnA dezanuM puSkaLa bhaluM karyuM haze; paNa manuSyajAtinI pratyenA tenA aNunI bAbatamAM te mIMDuM ja vaLyuM che. velsa sAhebe nepoliyanane je kayAsa kADhayo che te cheka kADhI nAkhavAne yogya nathI. 1. "AuTalAIna oNpha hisTarI" (ItihAsanI rUparekhA, pR. 490:

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214 azokanuM dRSTApaNuM kevuM ane keTaluM hatuM, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. manuSyonI tema ja prANuonI pratye bhrAtRbhAva, e enuM dhyeya hatuM. ApaNe bIjI rIte kahIe to AkhI sRSTinA zArIrika sukhane vadhAravAne tema ja tenI nItiviSayaka unnati karavAno teno umadA hetu hato. taddana navIna ane asAdhAraNa paddhatithI potAnAM sAdhanone potAnA dhyeyane anukULa karavAmAM teNe potAnI sakriya kalpanAzaktino upayoga karyo hato. mauryavaMzanI kIrti Toce pahoMcI hatI te vakhate potAnI asAdhAraNa kalpanAzakti vAparIne azake pitAnI badhI zakti ane pitAnA rAjyanAM badhAM sAdhane pitAnA e bhavya hetune bara ANavAnA kAme vAparavAnI takane lAbha laI lIdhe. ethI ja velsa sAhebe azokanA saMbaMdhamAM kahyuM che ke, "nekanAmadAre ane khudAviMda tathA zrImaMta ane evA evA bIjA je hajAre ane lAkho rAjAonAM nAma itihAsanAM pAnAMmAM bharelAM che te saumAM azoka lagabhaga e ja tArAnI mAphaka jhaLakI rahyo che. volgAthI mAMDIne jApAna sudhI tenA nAmane hajI mAna maLe che. hiMdustAne tenA paMthane cheDI dIdho che te paNa te tema ja cIna ane tibeTa tenI moTAInI paraMparA jALavI rahyA che. jemaNe kansTaTAInanuM ke zAlamenanuM nAma sAMbhaLyuM hoya evAM jIvaMta mANasonI saMkhyA to thoDI ja haze, paNuM Aje azokane yAda karatAM jIvaMta mANasanI saMkhyA to ghaNI vadhAre che."1 azokanI sarakhAmaNI kaI rAjAnI sAthe karavI hoya te, mAtra eka ja rAjAnI sAthe tene sarakhAvo na joIe, paNa e ne e ja vakhate nidAna traNa rAjAonI sAthe tene sarakhAvavuM joIe. kepalaraTana sAheba kahe che tema, "bauddhapaMcane 1. "AuTalAIna opha hisTarI" (itihAsanI rUparekhA, pR. 212. 2. buddhIjhama, primiTiva eDa prejhanTa" ( bauddhapaMthaH janane ane na ), pR. 166.

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215 te mAtra kaeNnsTaTAIna na hato, paNa grIsane mATe bauddhapaMthano te sikaMdara hato; kIti'nA badalAmAM "sevA" karanAra te niHsvAthI nepoliyana hato." bauddhapaMthanA itihAsamAM e paMthanA sthApaka buddha bhagavAnanA sthAnanI pachI azokanuM ja sthAna Ave che. je. ema. mekapheIla sAhebe kahyuM che tema, atihAsika vyakti tarIke mAtra seITa pAlanI sAthe ja azokane yogya rIte sarakhAvI zakAya tema che. Isu khristane upadeza AkhI manuSyajAtine uddezIne apAelo hato, e vAta kharI; paNa tenA anuyAyIoe tenA upadezanI sArvalaukikatAne AgrahapUrvaka mahattva ApyuM na hatuM. tenA pariNAmamAM khristI dharma avanata thaIne mAtra sudharela ane vadhAre udAra bIje yAhudI dharma banI gayo hato. tene gherI lenAra jAtibaMdhanone ane smRtibaMdhanone toDanAra pola ja hato. khristI na hoya tevA lokone dAkhala thavAno mArga maLI zake teTalA mATe khristI dharmanAM dvAra khullA karavAno abhiprAya tenA keTalAka anuyAyIo dharAvatA hatA; paNa pAle kahyuM ke, " nA; kAMI paNa ThAra na hovAM joIe--che ja nahi; kAraNa ke, divAla ja nathI. dareka AMtaro toDI pADavAmAM Avelo che. paramezvaranI najare paDatA lokeAnA dareka baMdhanane ane bhedane tema ja taDane jaDamULathI dUra karavAmAM Avela che. ApaNuM mAthAnI uparanA AkAzanI mAphaka ja paramezvarane prema sarvagrAhI che. je havA ApaNe laIe chIe te havAnI mAphaka ja tenI maherabAnI maphata maLe che." te ja pramANe azokanA samayamAM bauddhapaMtha avanata thaIne mAtra sthAnika (prAMtika) paMtha banI gayo hato. jUdA jUdA pASaDenA lokone ekabIjAnA siddhAMtonI ane ekabIjAnI mAnyatAonI pratye sahanazIlatA tathA mAna rAkhavAne upadeza karIne 1. e. pI. e., 2, 127. 2. "azoka', pR. 85.

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216 teNe temanI vaccenA AMtarAne toDI nAkhyA hatA, ane e rIte saune sAmAnya rIte grAhya thaI rahe tevA dharmanA sAranI vRddhi teNe sAdhI hatI. A bAbatamAM bauddha "piTaka"e meLavelA sthAnanA karatAM vadhAre UMcuM sthAna ane prApta karyuM hatuM, emAM to kAMI ja zaka nathI. sarva upAsane buddhane A ja saMdeza hato; ane bauddhapaMthanI A sArvalaukikatA ja azake joI lIdhI hatI, ane tenA viSe bhAra daIne te kaheto hato. vaLI polanI mAphaka azoka paNa nItinA mahAbaLamAM khUba mAnato hato. pitAnA paMthane AkhI duniyAne dharma banAvI devAnA prayatno karavAmAM teNe kAMI kacAza rAkhI na hatI. e rIte te bauddhapaMthane mAtra AzrayadAtA ja na hatuM paNa kharekhara avatAra hato. te sAmrAjyano upari hAI akhUTa sAdhanene dhaNuM hatuM tethI vadhAre jhaDapathI vadhAre dRzya pariNAma te sAdhI zakayo hate. azokanA kAmathI hiMdustAnane zo lAbha thayo che ke zI hAni thaI che, ene tapAsa ane nirNaya ApaNe na karI laIe tyAM sudhI tenA viSenI ApaNI carcA pUrI karI zakAya nahi. ADakatarI rIte hiMdustAnane puSkaLa lAbha thayo che, enI nA te koIthI kahI zakAze nahi. azokanA dharmopadezanA kAryathI be moTA lAbha thayA hatA, ema ApaNe joI gayA chIe. te vakhatamAM Akho deza Aryamaya banI gayo hato, paNa jUdA jUdA prAMtanI potapotAnI belIo hatI. dharmano phelAvo karavAnA hetuthI azake karelA parAkramanA pariNAmamAM judA judA prAMtonI vacce aMtarvyavahAra aneka prasaMge ane vadhAre pramANamAM thavA lAge. je bhASA badhA prAMtamAM zIkhAya ane samajAya tema ja sAmAjika ane dhArmika bAbatomAM vicAravinimayanA mAdhyama tarIke vaparAya, evI sarvamAnya eka bhASAnI jarUra saune jaNAI. tenA pariNAmamAM pAli bhASA athavA "zilAlekhanI prAkRtabhASA hiMdustAnanI ekabhASA

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ra17 tarIke svIkArAI che.' mULe to prAkRtabhASA kaI sthAnika bolI haze. keTalAka leke mAne che tema, te UbhI karelI banAvaTI bhASA na hatI. ghaNuMkarIne te pAchaLathI "mahArASTrI' kahevAtI prAkRtabhASAnI mAtA hatI. AkhA hiMdustAnane mATe ekabhASA tarIke te sthapAI tyAre sAmAjika ane dhArmika lakhANo tema ja dhArmika pustake paNa pAlibhASAmAM lakhAvA lAgyAM. mULe to bauddha dharmagraMtha mAgadhI bhASAmAM lakhAyA haze; paNa A navIna ekabhASA UbhI thaI tyAre hiMdustAnanA eka cheDAthI bIjA cheDA sudhInA leke e graMtho vAMcIne samajI zake teTalA mATe pAlibhASAmAM temanAM bhASAMtara karAvavAmAM AvyAM. sarakArI lakhANo ane dharmadAnanI ne paNa e bhASAmAM lakhAvA lAgyAM. bauddhapaMthano pracAra karavAnA hetuthI azeke karelA lagabhaga daivI parAkramanA ADakatarA pariNAma tarIke hiMdustAnane maLela A lAbha alabatta moTo hato. azokanI e pravRttinuM bIjuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke, hiMdustAnanI kaLAne khUba uttejana maLyuM. tenA pitAnA samaya sudhInA sthApatyamAM mAtra lAkaDAne upayoga thato; paNa teNe ja paththarane upayoga karavAnI zarUAta karI. kaDiyAnI kaLA ane tene upayoga te lAMbA samayathI hayAtI dharAvatAM AvyAM hatAM. pitAnI dharmalipione cirasthAyI banAvavAno vicAra prathama tene thaI Avyo tyAre pitAne hetu bara lAvavAnA kAme kaDiyAnI kaLAno upayoga karI levAno TharAva teNe karyo. tenA pariNAmamAM eka ja paththaranA banelA jaMgI thAMbhalAo UbhA thayA tathA moTI zilAonA upara lekho lakhAyA ane paththaramAMthI moTAM moTAM maMdiro chetarAyAM. e maMdire moTAne meTA kadanAM thatAM gayAM eTaluM ja nahi, paNa te vadhAre ne vadhAre kaLAmaya banatAM gayAM; ane tenA pariNAmamAM hiMdustAnamAM eTalAM badhAM 1. juo pR. 15 ane AgaLa. 2. juo pR. 93 ane AgaLa.

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218 maMdire ThekaThekANe UbhAM thayAM che ke, duniyAnI ajAyabIo paikInI eka ajAyabI tarIke temane yogya rIte mAnavAmAM Ave che. manuSyonI tema ja prANIonI pratye bhrAtRbhAva rAkho : e Adarza rajU karIne azake manuSyajAtine potAno hisso Apela che, ema ApaNe joI gayA. vaLI, tenA dharmopadezanA kAryanA pariNAmamAM ApaNuM dezane je be moTA lAbha thayA che te paNa ApaNe joI gayA. have svAbhAvika rIte e prazna thAya che ke, azokanA parAkramathI hiMdustAnane sIdhI rIte asara thaine hiMdustAnanA lekenI buddhi jUdA rUpe ghaDAI hatI ke kema ? e savAlano javAba ApavAno prayatna have ApaNe karazuM. e samayanA hiMdustAnanI vigatavAra samAlocanA ApaNe karazuM to ApaNane jaNAze ke, aihika pragatinI dizAmAM kAma karI rahelAM baLanI ane AdhyAtmika vikAsa karAvanArAM baLanI vacce hiMdu saMskRti pitAnI saMpUrNaze samatala sthiti jALavI rahI hatI, paNa pitAnA Adarzane pAra pADavAnA hetuthI azoka je avirata utsAha dAkhavI rahyo hato ane avirata parizrama karI rahyo hato tene laIne ukta samatolapaNuM DagamagI gayuM hatuM. tenA pariNAmamAM hiMdu saMskRtinuM aihika tattva tenA AdhyAtmika tattvane eTaluM badhuM vaza thaI gayuM ke, te saMskRti turata ja pragati karatI baMdha paDI gaI, ane te nAbUda na thaI paNa avanata to thaI ja. upalo abhiprAya kadAca vicitra lAgaze ane temAM atizayokti paNa koIne jaNAze. paraMtu azokanA samaya sudhImAM vikasita thaeluM sAhitya zuM batAvI Ape che ? azokanA samayamAM jANItA vedanA ane boddhagraMthonA abhyAsanA pariNAmamAM ApaNe zo nirNaya karI zakIe chIe? svargastha adhyApaka mekasamyularanA ane adhyApaka skuphIlDanA jevA vidvAnoe khAsa karIne vedanA samayanA AvA graMthone kALajIpUrvaka ane vigatavAra abhyAsa karIne

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219 zA abhiprAya darzAvyA che ? prathama te maikasamyulara sAhebanuM kathana ApaNe tapAsazuM. te kahe che ke, "prajAkIyatAnI bhAvanAnuM bhAna hiMdune kadi paNa na hatuM, ane prajAnAM vakhANunI AjJAthI tenuM haiyuM kadi paNa dhabakI UThatuM na hatuM.......mAtra dharmanA ane tattvajJAnanA kSetramAM ja hiMdunuM mana svAde kAma karI rahyuM hatuM, ane hiMdustAnamAM dhArmika tathA AdhyAtmika vicAre e jeTalAM UMDAM mULa ghAlelAM che teTalAM UMDAM mULa bIjA koI paNa dezamAM ghalAelAM nathI. hiMdu-prajA tattvajJAnIonI prajA hatI....... ekaMdare jotAM, jyAM AtmAnA AMtara jIvane AkhI prajAnI vyAvahArika zaktiene saMpUrNAze vaza karI nAkhI hoya ane je guNone laIne prajA itihAsamAM potAnuM sthAna meLavI le che te guNone nAza jyAM thaI gayo hoya evA bIjA koI paNa dezane dAkhala itihAsa pU pADatA nathI." adhyApaka blamaphIne abhiprAya paNa e ja che. te kahe che ke, "hiMdustAnanA ItihAsanI zarUAta thaI tyArathI dhArmika saMsthAo prajAnA cAritryanA upara ane vikAsanA upara jeTale amala calAve che teTale amala duniyAnA bIjA koI dezamAM teo calAvatI nathI......A rUDhigata ane cakkasa vyavasthA AcAramAM sarva samaye pUrNAze jaLavAtI na hatI te paNa eTaluM te kabUla karavAmAM Ave che ke, jIvana mukhyatve karIne ekAkI dharmayAtrA che, ane dayeya mAtra AtmamokSa che. rASTranA hitane ane prajAnA vikAsane AvI yojanAmAM kAMI paNa sthAna nathI. jANujeIne nahi te paNa AcAramAM te e bane bAbatene gaNatrImAM ja levAmAM AvelI nathI, ane tethI hiMdustAnanA prajAkIya cAritramAM tevA prakAranI khoTa rahI gaI che." hiMduonA mananA valaNane lagate A abhiprAya ukta be vidvAne 1. hi. e saM. li, pR. 30-31. 2. "dhI rIlijiyana epha dhI veda"(vedadharma), pR. 4-5.

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220 nathI, ane te kAnA cAritryanA mAtra amuka e darzAvyo che. teo ema mAne che ke, hiMdustAnanA lekenI buddhie dharma ane tattvajJAnano vikAsa karavAnuM ja kAma sAdhyuM che. teNe prajAtvanI bhAvanA jAgRta karI nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa rASTranA vicArane paNa teNe utpanna karyo nathI. ApaNe TUMkAmAM kahIe te, hiMdustAne rAjanItizAstramAM kAMI paNa phALo Apyo nathI, ane tethI duniyAnA rAjakIya itihAsamAM tene koI paNa sthAna nathI. hiMdustAnanA lekenA cAritryanA A aMdAjamAM kAMIka satya samAeluM che kharuM. tema chatAM paNa te abhiprAya mAtra amuka aMze ja kharo che. maikasamyulara sAhebe ane blamaphIlDa sAhebe pitAnA abhiprAya prathama jAhera karyA tyAre to temanuM kahevuM kharuM hatuM. paraMtu tyAra pachI te kauTilyakRta " arthazAstra" maLI AveluM che, ane vidvAne tene abhyAsa karI zake che. hiMduoe potAnA rAjanItizAstrane adhyAtmavidyAnA ane AdhyAtmika vAtAvaraNathI alaga rAkhyuM nathI tema ja jJAnanI svataMtra zAkhA tarIke rAjanItizAstranI sthApanA karI nathI, e matane have svIkArI zakAya tema nathI; kAraNa ke, kauTilya ApaNane kahe che tema, tenA potAnA samaya sudhImAM rAjanItizAstranA nidAna cAra saMpradAyo jANItA thayA hatA, ane koI paNa saMpradAyanI sAthe koI paNa jAtane saMbaMdha na dharAvatA nidAna sAta suprasiddha lekhake thaI gayA hatA. vaLI, tenA samayamAM kayI kayI vidyAo pracalita hatI? "arthazAstramAM kahyuM che tema, "AndhakSaka vidyA" (tatvajJAna) tathA "trayI' (adhyAtmavidyA) tema ja "vAta' (arthazAstra) ane "daMDanIti" (rAjanItizAstra) te samayamAM pracalita hatI. rAjanItizAstrane tattvajJAnathI tathA adhyAtmavidyAthI jUduM pADIne jJAnanI svataMtra zAkhA tarIke sthApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, e vAta AthI spaSTa nathI thatI zuM ? alabatta, e vAta spaSTa thAya che ja. paraMtu eTalAthI ja basa nathI. eka saMpradAye (bAhaspatyoe) to ema paNa kahyuM che ke, badhI

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1 vidyAe rAjanItizAstramAM samAI jAya che, ane rAjanItizAstra ja kharekharI vidyA che. A vAta emaja spaSTa karI Ape che ke, mauya sattAnA udaya thayA tenA pahelAM huMduee jeTalI hiMmatathI tathA capaLatAthI adhyAtmavidyAne ane tattvajJAnane kheDayAM hatAM teTalI ja hi MmatathI ane capaLatAthI rAjanItizAstrane paNa kheDayuM hatuM, ane pAchaLathI dhame ane adhyAtmavidyAe rAjanItizAstranA upara sthAna lIdhuM hatuM teA eka kALe adhyAtmavidyAnI khullekhullI hAMsI thai hatI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa mAtra rAjanItizAstra ja kharekharI vidyA tarIke gaNAi gayuM hatuM. kauTilyanA samayanA pahelAMnA vakhatamAM hiMduoe rAjanItizAstramAM keTalA kALA ApelA, enI carcAne ahIM sthAna nathI; paNa kauTilyanA " arthazAstra "nA abhyAsa jemaNe karyA che temane kahevAnI jarUra rahetI nathI ke, AMtararASTrIya kAyadAne lagatA khUba AgaLa vadhelA vicAranI sAthesAthe rASTrane lagatA cokkasa khvAza paNa hiMduoe vikasAvyo hato. rAjanItizAstranI sAthesAthe 'vArtA' (arthazAstra) nAmaka vidyAne paNa hiMduee vikasAvI hatI. " khetI tathA DhAraUchera ane vyApAra " : e traNanI sAthe arthazAstranA saMbaMdha hatA, ane rAjanItizAstranA kAme arthazAstranA upayoga chUTathI thatA hatA. cr 'rAjanItizAstra' nAmaka khAsa vidyAne vicAra hiMduone AvelA ane jemAM kauTilye paNa vadhArA karelA evA aneka vividha vicArA ane siddhAMtA temaNe vikasAvelA teA pazu kauTilye peAtAnA graMtha lakhyA tyAra pachI turata ja e badhAnI pragati ekadama aTakI paDelI lAge che, arthazAstranA viSayane lagatA kAi navA vicAra ApatA ke temAM vizeSa pragati karAvanArA eka paNa graMtha koTilyanA samayanI pachI lakhAelA jANavAmAM nathI, e hakIkataupalI vAtanI sAkSI pUre che. kharUM jotAM kauTilyakRta artha zAstra"

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rarara moTA bhAge sArasaMgrahanA je graMtha che te paNa kauTilyanA pitAnA samaya sudhImAM lakhAI prasiddha thaelAM rAjanItizAstraviSayaka AdhArabhUta pustakAne te graMtha TapI gayo lAge che. " kAmasUtra nA lekhaka vAsyAyane ane "yAjJavalkaya smRti"nA lekhake maiTilyanA vicAre tema ja tenA pAribhASika zabdo pitapatAnA graMthamAM vAparyA che. bANe ane daMDIe potapotAnA graMthamAM kauTilyano je ullekha karelo che te te ApaNI khAtrI karI Ape che ke, e be lekhakenA samayanA rAjAone kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra" nAmaka graMtha bahu priya thaI paDayo hato. paraMtu A graMtha paNa ati ghaNe moTo lAgyo tethI karIne kAmaMdake tene vadhAre sAdA ane TUMkA rUpamAM rajU karavAnuM kAma upADI lIdhuM. mAtra kauTiyakRta "arthazAstra"ne ja abhyAsa te samayamAM sAmAnya rIte thatA na heta te kAmaMdake A kAma upADI lIdhuM ja na hota. hiMdu-rAjanItizAstrane lagatA ApaNA jJAnamAM vadhAre kare evuM eka paNa pustaka kauTilyanA samayanI pachI lakhAyuM nathI. dekhItI rIte kauTilyanA samayanI pachI A vidyAe kAMI paNa pragati karI hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. te pote khUba AgaLa vadhe ane ApaNuM rAjakIya AcAravicArane khUba AgaLa vadhAre evI AzA hatI te ja vakhate te vidyA lagabhaga naSTa thaI gaI. biMbisAranA rAjakALamAM vihAramAM AveluM magadhanuM nAnuM rAjya vadhI jaine caMdraguptanA rAjakALamAM hiMdukuzathI mAMDIne tAmila-dezanI sarahada sudhInuM magadhanuM 1. zrIyuta Ara. zAmAzAstrIe aMgrejI bhASAMtararUpe prasiddha karelA kauTilyakRta arthazAstranI prastAvanA jue; ke. vI. raMgasvAmI AyaMgarakRta "kansiDarezansa opha sama aspekaTasa epha eziyaMTa iDiyana pAliTI" (prAcIna hiMdu-rAjanItizAstranI keTalIka bAbatene vicAra ), pR. 19 ane AgaLa jue. kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra" bahu pAchaLanA samayane graMtha che, evuM sAbIta karanAre keAI sabaLa pUrA hajI sudhI bahAra Avyo nathI.

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223 sAmrAjya banI gayuM hatuM, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. liga dezane jItIne pitAnA rAjyanI sAthe joDI daine azoke biMbisArathI zarU thaelA A keMdragAmI baLane thoDA vakhata sudhI puSTi ApI hatI.' dharmanA vicAre azokanA manane gherI lIdhuM na hatA ane e rIte tene pUrepUro badalI nAkhe na hota te magadhane abhedya sainika jura phATI nIkaLatAM ane tenI rAjazAsanakaLA jhaLakI UThatAM tAmila-rAjyanA upara tema ja hiMdustAnanI cheka dakSiNadizAe AvelA tAmraparNanA upara caDhAI karIne temane kabaje karavAmAM AvyAM hatAM eTaluM ja nahi, paNa bhAratavarSanI pelI bAjue jaIne temanA sAmrAjyanA jevuM sAmrAjya sthApyA vagara magadharAjane je 5 vaLyo na heta. azokanA samayanI pahelAMnA lAMbA kALathI ja hiMdustAna Aryamaya banate Avyo hato. grIsanI prajA na hoya evA leke grIsanA leke banatA tevI ja rIte ApaNA dezanA vividha leke Arya banatA. lagabhaga AkhA hiMdustAnamAM AryabhASA ane AryajIvana otaprota thaI gayAM hatAM, ane ekabhASA banelI pAlibhASA paNa svIkArAI hatI. jUdI jUdI hiMdu-jAtione ekatra karIne rASTrIya ke sArvabhauma prajA UbhI karavAne mATe je to jarUranAM hatAM te to to hayAta hatAM ja. e kAma sAdhavAne mATe mAtra rAjakIya sthiratA-sarvasAmAnya rAjakIya ekatA-nI jarUra hatI. azeke pitAnA purogAmI rAjAonI nItine cAlU rAkhIne biMbisAre dAkhala karelA keMdragAmI baLane madada karI hatI te tenI potAnI jabarI zaktinA pariNAmamAM ane rAjyavyavasthAne lagatI tenI pitAnI buddhine laIne te magadhanA sAmrAjyane kharekhara dRDha banAvI zakta ane phakta rAjakIya sthiratA sthApI zakata; paNa 1. zrIyuta hemacaMdra rAyacaudharIkRta "piliTikala hisTarI opha eziyaMTa iDiyA" (prAcIna hiMdustAnane rAjakIya itihAsa ), 5. 164 ane AgaLa . 182-183.

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224 kaliMganI laDAInI pachI turata ja-eTale ke, je rAjAone azakane maLelI takanA jevI taka maLI hatI ane tene maLelAM sAdhanA jevAM sAdhano paNa maLyAM hatAM te rAjAo je banAvane laIne sArvabhauma sattA sthApavAne prerAyA heta te banAvanI pachI turata ja- azoke to paradezIya rAjanItine lagatI judI ja paddhati amalamAM AvyuM. tyArapachIthI laDAInA vicArane ja azake gaI gaNyo hato. ApaNe agAu vAMcI gayA chIe tema, kaliMganI laDAinuM varNana karatAM azoka kahe che ke, laDAImAM paDatA duHkhanA ekasomAM te zuM paNa ekahajAramA bhAganuM duHkha paNa lekone pharIthI paDe che tethI tene potAne atizaya zAka thAya. tethI karIne sAnaMda saMtoSa darzAvatAM anyatra te kahe che ke, berighoSanuM sthAna dharmadhaSe lIdhuM che. paraMtu kaliMganI laDAIno ullekha karavAmAM azokane kAMIka UMDe hetu rahelo che. te sIdhesIdhI rIte kabUla kare che ke, teNe pote bhUmivijayanA vicArano tyAga karelo che ane dharmavijayanA vicArano svIkAra karela che. te kahe che tema, Avo dharmavijaya premathI ane zubherachAthI badhA sarahadI prAMtamAM meLavI zakAya che. ane teNe te tevo dharmavijaya meLavyo paNa che. A navIna nIti mAtra darzAvIne ja teNe saMtoSa mAnyo nathI. te te vadhArAmAM ema paNa kahe che ke, tenA putra ane pautrAe tema ja sarva vaMzajoe bhUmivijayanI tRSNano tyAga karavo joIe. bhUmivijayanuM sthAna dharmavijaye lIdhuM tenA pariNAmamAM AdhyAtmika unnati thaI te paNa rAjakIya avanati thavA pAmI. alabatta, ethI zAMtipriyatA poSAI ane AtmavikAsanI dhUna lAgI, ane te to hiMdunA cAritryamAM tanmaya banI gayAM. pahelethI ja AdhyAtmika vRtti dharAvato hiMdu ethI karIne vadhAre AdhyAtmika vRtti dharAvato thayo; paraMtu tenA pariNAmamAM laDAyaka vRttine mATe ane rAjakIya mahattAne mATe tema ja ahika hita sukhane mATe virodha utpanna thaye hovo joIe khare. khAsa karIne

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225 kauTilyanA samayanI pachInA je samaye magadhanuM sAmrAjya rASTrIyatvanI bhAvanA utpanna karIne hiMdustAnane ucca rAjakIya kATIe pahoMcADe evI AzA rakhAtI hatI te samaye rAjanItizAstranI ane rAjakAraNanI pragatine ekAeka baMdha paDI gaelI ApaNe joIe chIe tenuM kAraNa A ja hovuM joIe. madhyastha rASTrane lagatI ane sArvabhauma sattAne lagatI hiMduonI abhilASA azokanA navIna dRSTibiMduthI taddana chinnabhinna thaI gaI. tenI nItinAM pariNAma tenA maraNanI pachI turata ja dekhAvA lAgyAM. ApaNuM dezanA vAyavyakoNanI sarahade ghanaghora vAdaLa gherAvA lAgyA. tenA mRtyunI pachI pUrAM pacIsa varSa paNa va tyAM nahi tyAM to maurya-sAmrAjyanA vAyavyakoNanI sarahade AvI rahelA hiMdukuzane oLaMgIne beMkiyAnA grIsavAsIo eka kALanA sabaLa sAmrAjyane toDI pADavAnA prayatna karavA lAgyA. sikaMdaranI saradArInI nIce paNa grIsavAsIo magadhanA lazkarathI keTalA badhA bItA hatA, e ApaNe sArI peThe jANIe chIe. mAtra laDAIo karIne teo eke mIniyana lekenA vistRta sAmrAjyanAM phanAMphAtiyAM karI zakyA hatA. paNa teo hiMdustAnamAM dAkhala thayA tyAre to aneka laDAIo karavAnI pharaja temane paDI, ane temane khuda saradAra sikaMdara eka prasaMge ghavAine lagabhaga maraNatola thaI paDayo. alabatta, grIsavAsIo jabarA ane bahAdura laDavaiyA hatA. thoDIka muzkelI veThIne paNa teo aneka hiMdu-jAtione tema ja paMjAbanA rAjA porasane paNa jItI laI zakyA hatA. paraMtu, luTArka kahe che tema, pirasanI sAthe thaelI laDAIthI maisIDeniyAnA lokonI hAMsa eTalI badhI bhAMgI paDI- ane hiMdustAnamAM AgaLa kUca karavAne teo eTalA badhA nAkhuza thaI gayA- ke, gaMgA nadIne oLaMgI jaine magadhanA lazkaranI sAme thavAno Agraha sikaMdare karyo tyAre temaNe bedhaDaka nA pADI.mesIDeniyAne 1. mekiMDalakRta "eziyaMTa iMDiyA ITsa Ivejhana bAya eNla 15

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226 rAjA sikaMdara khUba akaLAyo ane gusse thaye; paNa teNe pALa pharavuM paDayuM. maisIDeniyAnA lekenA manamAM magadhanA lazkare AvI bIka pesADI dIdhI hatI. paraMtu ema lAge che ke, azoke dharmapracArane lagatI je navIne paradezIya rAjanIti zarU karI hatI tenA pariNAmamAM vastusthiti ekadama badalAI gaI, ane sikaMdaranI saradArInI nIce paNa magadhanA lazkarathI tobA pokArI gaelA e ne e grIsavAsIo pachIthI hiMdustAnanA uttarabhAgamAM vijaya meLavI zakyA, ane magadhanA sAmrAjyanAM phanaphAtiyAM temaNe uDAvI dIdhAM. paraMtu ATalethI ja basa nathI. pitAnI paradezIya rAjanIti azoke badalI tenA pariNAmamAM tenA pitAnA maraNanI pachI turata ja grIsavAsI loke ApaNuM dezamAM ghusyA tethI karIne zaka ane pallava tema ja kuzana ane hRNa tathA gurjara vagere lokone paNa hiMdustAnamAM ghusavAne mATe rasto maLI AvyA. isvI sananI chaThThI sadI sudhI to e loko ApaNA dezamAM ghusatA rahyA, ane mAtra zuMgavaMzanA ane guptavaMzanA rAjAo sivAyanA bIjA badhA dezI rAjAonI rAjasattAne temaNe dAbI dIdhI. A badhI paradezI jAtio hiMdustAnamAM vasavATa karI rahI tyArapachI turata ja hiMdu banI gaI, e vAta kharI; paNa musalamAnone udaya thayo tyAM sudhI te A paradezIoe ApaNA dezamAMnI rAjakIya sattAne lagabhaga ekahaththu karI lIdhI, enI nA koIthI kahI zakAze nahi. rAjakIya bAbatamAM utpAdana zakti dharAvanArI hiMduonI buddhi e rIte maMda paDI gaI, ane chevaTe tene vinAza thayo; ane eka kALe sArvabhauma sattA sthApavAnI je AzA ApaNA dezanA lokone hatI te AzA kevaLa svakharUpa nIvaDI. jhAMDara dhI greITa" (prAcIna hiMdustAna H mahAna sikaMdare tenA upara karelI caTAI ), pR. 310.

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rara7 azekanI dharmopadezaviSayaka pravRttinA pariNAmamAM ApaNA dezanA loke rASTrava ane rAjakIya mahatva vIsarI gayA che te paNa hiMdu-samAjanA pAyArUpa brAtRbhAva ane jIvadayA te temane alabatta maLyAM che. azokanI ukta pravRttinA pariNAmamAM rAjanItizAstranI pragati ekAeka aTakI paDI, ane dharma tathA tatvajJAne hiMdunA magajane kabajo vadhAre ne vadhAre pramANamAM levA mAMDayo: e vAta kharI che. tema chatAM paNa duniyAdArInI rasikatAnI pratye hiMduonuM mana cheka ja vidhI ane bedarakAra banI gayuM, athavA vyApAranI ke udyoganI najare hiMdustAnanuM mahattva ghaTI gayuM ? ema ApaNe mAnI besavAnuM nathI. ekaMdare jotAM A rIte hiMdustAnane lAbha thayo che ke geralAbha thayo che, e to judAjudA loke pitApitAnA svabhAvane anusarIne nakkI karI leze. paraMtu eTaluM te cokkasa che ke, bauddhasamrATa azoke dharmopadezane lagatI je pravRtti AdarI hatI tenA pariNAmamAM duniyAne puSkaLa lAbha thayo che, ane dUradUranA pUrvadezinA bauddhapaMthane dharma tathA tatvajJAna tema ja hiMdu-saMskRtinI anya mahattvanI khAsiyata teNe pUrAM pADayAM che eTaluM ja nahi paNa therApyuTInA ane esenIsanA paMthenA upara tema ja zarUAtanA kALanA ane madhyayuganA khristI dharmanA upara teNe ghaNI asara karI che.

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228 AThamuM prakaraNa. - azakanI dharmalipio. (1) sthaLanirdeza vagere. zilAlekha (ka) cauda mukhya zilAlekhe. azokanI dharmalipio zilAonA upara ke paththaranI thAMbhalAonA upara athavA guphAomAM kotaravAmAM AvelI che. prathama to ApaNe tenA "cauda mukhya zilAlekhone vicAra karazuM. anukramasara cauda jUdA jUdA lekhenA ukta saMgrahano nanne sahaja pAThapheranI sAthe ane bolIonI khAsiyatonI sAthe judAM judAM sAta sthaLethI maLI AvelI che. ApaNe ApaNA dezanA vAyavyakezuthI. zarUAta karazuM. vAyavyakoNanA sarahadI pratimAMnA pezAvara jillAnA yusuphajhAI mahAlamAM pezAvarathI IzAnakhUNe Azare 20 gAu dUra AvelA zAhabAjhagaDhImAMthI ukta lekhonI eka nakala maLI AvelI che. "janarala keTe " sAhebe saunA pahelAM tenA tarapha ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM hatuM. e nakala kapurda gaDhInI bAjumAM che, evuM kerTa sAhebe kaheluM tethI karIne zarUAtamAM te kapurghagaDhInI nakala kahevAtI hatI. paraMtu kapurghagaDhI te eka gAunA jeTaluM dUra che; ane azokanA lekhavALI zilA to tenAthI vadhAre meTA zAhabAjhagaDhI gAmanI hadamAM ja tenAthI pAeka gAunA jeTalI dUra paDelI che. zAhabAjhagaDhI gAmanI tarapha pitAnI pazcimadizAnI bAju dharI rahelI TekarInA DhoLAvanA upara 263 vAranI UMcAIe AvI rahelI, 8 vAranI laMbAInI ane 33 vAranI UMcAInI tathA 33 vAranI jADAInI

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rara9 'zilAnI pUrva dizAnI tema ja pazcimadizAnI bAjue azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho paikInA bAramA lekha sivAyanA bAkInA bIjA leo kotaravAmAM AvelA che. e nakalemani bAramo zilAlekha cheka i. sa. 1889 mAM svargastha sara heroDa Dinane jaDI AvyA hato. upalI zilAthI pacAseka vAratA jeTalI dUra 5DelI bIjI zilAnA upara te lekha karavAmAM Avelo che. "zAhabAjhagaDhI'nAma te hamaNAMnuM che. paNa hAlanA gAmanI jagyAe mULe bahu jUnuM ane vistAravALuM zahera vaseluM hovuM joIe. kaniMgahAma sAheba kahe che tema, tyAM "saMtarajAtakavALuM prAcIna bauddhatIrtha pilu-1 (yuAna svAMga) athavA ke--(seMgyuna) AveluM haze. azekanA sAmrAjyamAM gaNAtA yavana-prAMtanuM mukhya zahera ghaNuM karIne te hatuM. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI bIjI nakala mana zaharamAMthI maLI AvelI che. vAyavyaMkANanA sarahadI pratimAMnA hajhArA kasabAmAM baTAbAdanI uttaradizAe ATheka gAunA jeTaluM dUra te gAma AveluM che. ahIM be zilAonA upara mAtra pahelA bAra ja lekhe kAtarAelA maLI AvelA che. terame ane caudame lekha ghaNuM karIne te zilAonI bAjumAM ja kaI sthaLe dabAI rahyo che joIe. hajI temane zodhI kADhavAnuM kAma bAkI che. e gAmanA pADosamAM jUnA kALanA vasavATanI kAMI paNa nizAnI nathI; paNa sara A. sTIna sAhebe batAvyuM che tema, Aje gherI" nAmathI oLakhAtA- kazmIrI bhASAmAM "bhaTTArikA' (devI athavA durga) nAmathI oLakhAtA- tIrthasthAnanI dizAmAM jatA prAcIna rastAnI bAjumAM paDelI zilAnA upara ukta zilAlekha kAtarAela jaNAya che. ApaNe upara kahI gayA chIe ke, zAhabAjhagaDhInI nakalane bArame lekha jUdI zilAnA upara katarAelo che; paNa manaharanI nakalana e ja lekha zilAnI 1. ka. A. sa. vI., 5, 8-23; ka. ko. I. I., 1, 8-12, 2. pra. vI. A. sa. na. . ka. prA., 1904-1905, pR. 17.

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230 eka bAjue kotarAelo che. vaLI, bIjA sthaLanI sAthe sarakhAmaNI karatAM e banne sthaLanA lekhanA akSaro vadhAre moTA che tema ja akSaranuM kotarakAma paNa vadhAre cokkasa che. senA sAhebe prathama kahI batAveluM tema, eka pAvaDanA lekee bIjA pAkhaMDanI pratye sahanazIlatA batAvavI joie, evo bodha karanArA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhane hiMdustAnanA e bhAgamAM te bezaka khAsa mahattva apAtuM hatuM, ema lAge che. hiMdustAnanA vAyavyakoNane pradeza hiMdustAnanA upara caDhAI karavAne mATe mukhya mArga hAI vividha dharmavicAre thI jUdA banelA vividha jAtinA leke tyAM ekaThA thatA hovAthI te bhAgamAM dhArmika zAMtine upadeza karavAnuM azokane khAsa jarUranuM lAgyuM hoya, ema jaNAya che. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI trIjI nakala kAlazIne, zilAlekha" kahevAya che. yamunA nadInA pazcima kAMThe jyAM Tensa nadI tene maLe che tyAMnI pAse ja, masurI(majurI)nI pazcimadizAe Azare ATha gAunA jeTalI dUra 5DelI jaMgI zilAnA upara azokano ukta zilAlekha kotarAele che. saMyukta prAMtonA deharAduna kasabAmAM AvelA kAlazI gAmathI piNuM gAune aMtare e zilA paDelI hovAthI azokanA zilAlekhanI ukta nakala kAlazIno zilAlekha" kahevAya che. ezilA 3 vAranI laMbAinI che ane 3 vAranI UMcAInI che tema ja taLiye Azare 3 vAranI pahelAnI che. e zilAnA agnikANane bhAga lIse karavAmAM Ave che to paNa mULanA thaDADA khADAkhAbaDA e lIsI jagyAmAM paNa kAyama rahyA che. 2 i. sa. 1860 mAM phoresTa sAhebe prathama e lekha zodhI kADhyo hato. te vakhate e lekhanA akSare vaMcAtA ja na hatA; kAraNuM ke, varSothI bhegI thatI AvelI kALI sevALane thara tenI sapATInA upara bAjhI gayo hato. e zilAnI upara kotarAele lekha aneka sthaLe adhUra haze, ema 1. i. e, 1890, pR. 43. 2. ka. A. sa. sI., 1, 244; ka.ka. I. I, 1, 12-13

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31 prathama to lAgyuM; paNuM Ama lAgavAnuM mukhya kAraNa e hatuM ke, jyAM jyAM phATa paDelI hatI ke khADAkhAbaDA hatA tyAMtyAM lipikAre akSare katarelA nahi. e zilAnA taLiyAnI bAjue dasamA lekhathI mAMDIne akSaro moTA thatA gayA che, ane Akhare uparanA akSaronA karatAM traNa gaNuM moTA akSare nIcalA bhAgamAM ketarAyA che. AvI rIte moTA akSare kotarAyA tenA pariNAmamAM zilAne lIse karelo bhAga nAne paDayo tethI ke pachI ukata lekhane pAchale bhAga kadAca pAchalA samayane heya tethI zilAnI DAbI bAjue lekhano bAkIne bhAga kotaravAmAM Avyo. zilAnI jamaNI bAjue hAthI karavAmAM Avela che, ane tene "natama " (uttamottama hAthI) kahyo che. ahIM alabatta buddha bhagavAnano ullekha thayo che joIe. zilAnI bAjumAM ketarakAmavALA aneka patharA verAelA paDayA che te ema batAvI Ape che ke, e sthAnanI AjubAjue te vakhate imArato hevI joIe. e sthaLa jUnA ane AbAda zahera zraNa" nI bAjumAM AveluM hatuM, e to cokkasa che. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhanI cothI na "giranArane zilAlekha" kahevAya che. I. sa. 1822 mAM " karnala ToDa" sAhebe prathama tenuM varNana karyuM hatuM. kAThiyAvADamAMnA jUnAgaDha zaheranI uttara dizAe ja gAunA jeTalA dUra AvelA giranAra parvatanI dizAmAM jatA rastAnI bAjumAM paDelI meTI zilAnA IzAnakhUNAnI bAjue azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotarAelA che. lAMbA kALa sudhInAM surASTranA pATanagara "girinagara" nA nAmanI uparathI Aje tyAno parvata "giranAra' kahevAya che. "prabhAsakhaMDa" mAM giranArane zaiva tItha tarIke varNavela che. jene loke paNa e sthaLane ati pavitra mAne che. jUnAgaDhanA keI AgevAna puruSe yAtrALuonI sagavaDane mATe jaMgalamAM thaIne raste kaDhAvyA na hatA te azokanA lekhavALI 1. . e., 5, 25-258.

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232 e zilA gIca jaMgalamAM chupAI ja rahI hota ane kadi paNa jANavAmAM AvI na hatI. 1 e zilAnI TocathI mAMDIne tenA taLiyA sudhI lIkI dorelI che tethI karIne tenA upara kAtarAelA lekhanA be bhAga paDI gayA che. tenA DAbA bhAgamAM azokanA pahelA pAMca lekho ketarAelA che, ane tenA jamaNA bhAgamAM azekanA chaThThA lekhathI bAramA lekha sudhInA sAta lekho ketarAelA che. azokano teramo lekha nIce kotarAele che, ane tenI jamaNI bAjue azakane caudamo lekha kAtarAele che. azekanA caude lekha sArI sthitimAM jaLavAI rahyA che. mAtra je bhAgamAM azokane pAMcamo ane teramo lekha ketarAela te bhAga bAjue thaIne jatA rastAne mATe patharA pUrA pADavAnA hetuthI suraMga pheDIne teDI pADavAmAM Avelo che. je jagyAe zilA paDelI che te jagyAnI bAjumAM paDelI mATI khodatAM khodatAM I. sa. 1877 nA arasAmAM kepTana sTina' sAhebane ukta zilAnA aneka TukaDA jaDI AvyA hatA. e TukaDAo paikInA be TukaDAonA upara azekanA samayanA akSare jevAmAM AvyA hatA. e akSaro alabatta azokanA teramA mukhya zilAlekhane keTalAka bhAga che. pAchaLathI "jarnala opha dhI royala eziyeTika sAyaTI " nA i. sa. 1900 nA aMkanA 375mA pAne e navIna zodhanuM varNana thaeluM che. ukta zilAnI upara kAtarAelA dareka lekhanI pachI ADI lITI kotaravAmAM AvelI che tethI badhA lekho ekabIjAthI jUdI paDI jAya che. azokanA teramA lekhanI nIce "... to dati vahova-suda nAma" (sarva lokane sukha apAvanAre gheLo hAthI) ema kotaravAmAM AveluM che. adhyApaka karna sAhebe kahyuM che ke, ahIM alabatta buddha bhagavAnane ullekha thayo che. dhavalImAMthI ane kAzImAMthI je 1. A. sa. . I., 2, 95: pro. rI. A. sa. 3. I, 18981899, pR. 15.

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233 jAtanA hAthI maLI AvelA che te jAtane paththarane keAI hAthI mULe giranAranI bAjumAM hoya, e saMbhavita che. e ja zilAnI upara rudradAmAna i. sa. 150 no lekha ane kaMdaguptane I. sa. 457 ne lekha paNa kotarela che. te vAMcatAM ema jaNAya che ke, caMdragupta mauryanA hukamathI tenI bAjumAM "sudarzana' taLAva baMdhAvavAmAM AveluM. mauryavaMzanA sthAnika amaladArAe tyAM nahero ane baMdha baMdhAvelAM. eka vakhate rudradAmAnA rAjakALamAM ane bIjA prasaMge skaMdaguptanA rAjakALamAM "sudarzana' taLAvane marAmata karAvavAmAM AvelI, ema paNa jaNAya che. azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI pAMcamI nakala muMbAInI uttaradizAe AvelA ThANuM jillAnA sopArA gAmamAM hevI joIe; kAraNa ke, e lekho paikInA AThamA lekhanA thoDAka zabdo dharAvanAre eka TukaDo tyAMthI maLI Avela che. 1 "sopArA gAma Aje paNa AbAdI bhogave che. pahelAMnA vakhatamAM te mahatvanuM baMdara ane vepAranuM mathaka hatuM. "mahAbhAratamAM tene "Iraka kahyuM che. pariNase tene "supara' kahyuM che. TolemIe tene "sUpara kahyuM che. "mahAbhAratamAM kahyuM che ke, parazurAme IranI sthApanA karI hatI. Aje sopArAmAM "rAmatIrtha" oLakhAvAya che kharUM. 2 e sthaLa ghaNuM pavitra manAtuM hatuM. lAMbA kALa sudhI sopArA "aparAMtanuM pATanagara rahyuM hatuM. azekanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhanI chaThThI ane sAtamI nakala dhavalImAMthI ane pAvagaDhamAMthI maLI AvelI che. te pitAnA 1. ja. . . . e. se, 15, 282 ane AgaLa; pro. rI. A. sa. ke. I., 1897-1898, pR. 7 ane AgaLa. 2 I. sa. 1882, pR. 236. 3. ka. A. sa. rI, 13, 5 ane 112; ka. The. I. I. 1, 15 ane AgaLa.

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234 "rAjyAbhiSekane ATha varSa vItyAM tyAre azake je kaliMgadezane jItI lIdheluM te kaliMganI hadamAM ja, hiMdustAnanI pUrva dizAe baMgALAnA upasAgaranA kAMThAnI pAsethI e be nakale jaDI AvelI che. I. sa. 1837 mAM kiTTo sAhebe zedhI kADhelI uttara dizAnI nakala "astama" (azvatthAmA ) nAmaka zilAnI upara kotaravAmAM AvelI che. utkala (uDiyA)mAMnA purI jillAmAM AvelA bhuvanezvaranI dakSiNadizAe cAreka gAunA jeTalA dUra AvelA dhavalI gAmanI (je tasali gAmamAM rAjAnA pratinidhi tarIke kumAra kAma karato hato te tasali gAmanI) najIkamAM e zilA AvelI che. e zilAnI upara samAMtare traNa UbhAM khAnAM pADavAmAM AvyAM che. azenA cauda lekhe paikInA bAramA ane teramA lekha sivAyanA bAra lekho e traNa khAnAM paikInA AkhA vacalA khAnAmAM ane jamaNI bAjunA khAnAnA ardhA bhAgamAM kotaravAmAM AvelA che. pAchaLathI be sthAnika lekho vadhArAnA kotaravAmAM AvyA che. te paikIne eka lekha jamaNI bAjunA bAkInA ardhA bhAgamAM kotaravAmAM Avyo che ane bIje lekha DAbI bAjunA AkhA khAnAmAM kotaravAmAM Avyo che. jUdA paDI AvatA be lekho paikIno bIjo lekha A ja che. zilAlekhanI upara ja agAsI che, ane tenI jamaNI bAjue 1 vAranI UMcAInA hAthIne Agale bhAga che. e hAthInuM kotarakAma uttama prakAranuM che. ukta zilAmAMthI ja A badhuM kAtarI kADhavAmAM AveluM che. tyAM je khAIo dekhAya che te ema batAvI Ape che ke, mULe lAkaDAnI chatrInA upara pele hAthI goThavAyo haze. i. sa. 1850mAM sara vaoNTara iliyaTa sAhebe prathama UtArI lIdhelI dakSiNadizAnI nakala gaMjAma gAmanA vAyavya khUNe naveka gAunA jeTalI dUra AvelI RSikulyA nadInA kAMThe "yAvagaDha ( jogaDA; lAkhane kille) nAmaka moTo cha kile che tenI aMdara paDelI "bhavya zilAnA upara ketaravAmAM AvelI che. yAvagaDhanA lekhe ukta zilAnI UbhI sapATIe

Page #257
ra35 jUdI jUdI traNa takatIomAM vahecI nAkhavAmAM AvelA che. te paikInI pahelI takatImAM azokanA cauda zilAlekhamAMnA pahelA pAMca lekhe che; paNa paththara tUTI gayo che tethI temane lagabhaga arthe bhAga nAbUda thayo che. te paikInI bIjI takatImAM chaThThA lekhathI mAMDIne dasamA lekha sudhInA pAMca lekho ane caudame lekha kotaravAmAM Avela che. A takatIne lagabhaga etRtIyAMza ghasAI gayo che. judA paDI AvatA je be lekho dhavalInI zilAnA upara kAtarAelA che te ja ! be lekho yAvagaDhanI zilAmAMnI trIjI takatImAM karavAmAM AvelA che. ukta traNa takatIo paikInI be takatIomAM je lekho kAtaravAmAM AvelA che te kALajIpUrvaka kAtarAelA che; paNa trIjI takatImAM ukta be jUdA lekho ke taratAM lipikAre bahu ja ochI kALajI lIdhI che, ema dekhAI Ave che. dhavalInA ane bhAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA zilAlekha (kaliMganA alaga zilAlekho) azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekhe paikInA bAramA ane temA lekhanA sthAne dhavalImAM tathA yAvagaDhamAM be alaga lekho - atine lekha ane prAMtAdhikArIne lekha- kotarAela che; ane temane dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jUdA zilAlekho' ApaNe kahyA che. (kha) pAMca gauNa zilAlekha pahelAM te A lekhanI mAtra traNa nakale ja jANavAmAM AvI hatI. te "uttaradizAnI traNa na" tarIke oLakhAya che. 1 vihAranA zAhAbAda jillAmAM AvelA sahAzrama (sahastrAma)nI pUrva dizAe AvI rahelI caMdanapIranI TekarInI Toce je banAvaTI guphA che temAM paDelI 1. ka. A. sa. rI, 6, 8, 7, 58; 8, 38; ane 11, 133; ka. The. I. ., 1, 20-24; B. rI. A. sa. e.I, 1903-1904,6. 25-31; e. rA. A. sa. i. sa. 1907-1908, pR. 19.

Page #258
236 zilAnI upara te paikInI eka nakala kAtarAelI che. tyAM Aje caMdanapIra nAmaka musalamAna pIranI daragAha che tethI te TekarInuM e nAma paDeluM che. 1 mitha sAheba kahe che ke, azokanA samayamAM hiMdu yAtrALuo e sthAnanI yAtrAe jatA hovA joIe, paNa A te mAtra anumAna che. madhyaprAMtanA jabalapura jillAmAM kamura parvatanI hAranI talATInI pAse rUpanAthanI zilA paDelI che tenA upara ukta zilAlekhanI bIjI nakala ketarAelI che. alabatta, Aje yAtrALuo e sthaLanI yAtrA karavA jAya che, ane teo tyAMnA rUpanAtha (ziva)nI pUjA kare che tema ja rAmanA ane lakSmaNanA tathA sItAnA nAmanI uparathI je traNa pavitra kuMDanAM nAma paDelAM che te traNa pavitra kuMDamAM nAhe che. i. sa. 187ra-1873 mAM kAlIMla sAhebe zodhI kADhelI trIjI nakala rAjapUtAnAmAMnA jayapura rAjyamAM AvelA prAcIna vairATa (berATa) nagaranI pAse hiMsagira nAmaka TekarI che tenI talATInI pAse paDelI meTI ekAkI zilAnI upara kotaravAmAM AvelI che. pitAnA vanavAsanA chevaTanA kALamAM pAMDavo vairATa nagaramAM vasI rahyA hatA, ema kahevAya che. vairATanI zilAnI sapATI khaDabacaDI che, ane havAnI asara tenA upara thaI che. dakSiNadizAnI nakale paikInI traNa nakale i. sa. 1892 mAM bI. luIsa rAIsa sAhebane maLI AvI hatI. mahiSapura (mAIsara)nA prAcIna zaheranAM (ghaNuM karIne azokanA zilAlekhamAM ullekhelA "asilInAM) khaMDeronI najIkamAM pAsapAse AvelAM traNa sthaLethI -siddhapura(siddhApura)mAMthI tema ja jaTiMga-rAmezvaramAMthI ane brahmagirimAMthI -ukta traNa no maLI AvelI che. azokanA dharmane sArAMza ApanAre lekha pUravaNIrUpe mahiSapuranI nakala paikInI dareka nakalamAM jevAmAM Ave che. A lekhe jaDI AvyA tyAre ja ema nakkI thayuM ke, azokanuM sAmrAjya dakSiNadizAmAM nidAna mahiSapura sudhI te 1. e. ka, 9, 1-5 (prastAvanA).

Page #259
ra37 vitareluM hatuM. dakSiNadizAnI cethI na I. sa. 1915 mAM mazki gAmamAMthI maLI AvI hatI. 1 nijhAma sarakAranA rAyacura prAMtamAM e gAma AveluM che. mazkine lekha khaMDita che te paNa bahu mahattvane che; kAraNa ke, azakanA bIjA badhA lekhamAM mAtra priyadarzina' nAma che tyAre maskinA zilAlekhamAM "azoka nAma khecembu ApeluM che. staMbhalekhe (ka) sAta mukhya staMbhalekhe azokanA staMbhalekhavALA thAMbhalAo hiMdustAnanAM meTAmeTAM sthaLomAM UbhA karavAmAM AvelA hovAthI rasika musApharo te temane sArI rIte pichAne che. te paikIne jUnAmAM jUno thAMbhalo dillImAM che. te mULe zivAlikamAMthI (athavA ToprAmAMthI) dillImAM ANavAmAM Avela. sAmAnya rIte te phirojhazAhanI lATa kahevAya che. sulatAna phirojha taghalakane samakAlIna zamsa-I-sirAjha kahe che tema, dillIthI nevuM kesanA jeTalA dUra parvatanI taLATInI pAse yamunA nadInA kAMThAnI bAjumAM "ToprA" (athavA herA', Tamera', naherA" vagere) nAmaka gAma che tyAMthI I. sa. 1356 mAM tene khaseDIne sulatAne dillImAM Apyo hato ane phirojhAbAdamAMnA killAnI Toce tene geThavA hatA. e thAMbhalAnI upara azokanA sAta staMbhalekho kotarAelA che; paNa bIjA badhA thAMbhalAonI upara te tenA cha ja staMbhalekhe kotarelA jovAmAM Ave che. tenA sAtamA staMbhalekhanI pahelI agiyAra lITIo e thAMbhalAnI pUrvadizAnI sapATInA upara kotarelI che, ane bAkInI lITIo AkhA thAMbhalAnI AsapAsa kotaravAmAM AvI che. e lekhanA akSara hAthe lakhelA haze tethI 1. ha A. sa, aMka 1, pR. 1-2,

Page #260
238 trAMsA ane AchA AchA che, ane tethI ema sAbIta thAya che ke, e lekha pAchaLathI umerAya ho joIe. zamsa-I-sirAjha kahe che tema, dillImAne azokano bIjo thAMbhale paNa e ja sulatAne mira(mIrata)mAMthI tyAM ANyo hato ane hAlanA dillInA vAyavyakhUNe AvI rahelA "zikAramahela" nI bAjumAM goThavAvyuM hatuM. joke ema mAne che ke, pharUkhaziyaranA rAjakALamAM (I. sa. 1713 thI 1719 sudhImAM acAnaka suraMga phUTI jatAM e thAMbhalo paDI gaele. e paDI gaelA thAMbhalAnA je bhAgamAM azoka staMbhalekha kAtarAele hato te bhAga eka samaye baMgALAnI eziyAI maMDaLInA saMgrahasthAnamAM hatA. paNa pachIthI e bhAgane pAche dillImAM mokalI ApavAmAM Avyo hato, ane e thAMbhalAne pharIthI I. sa. 1867 mAM tenI mULa jagyAe Ubho karavAmAM AvyA hatA. tenA upara kotarelA azokanA staMbhalekhano keTaloka bhAga naSTa thaI gaele hovAthI ane atyAre dekhAte keTaleka bhAga lIse thaI gaelo hovAthI te staMbhalekha bahu adhUro che. allAhAbAdano thAMbhale Aje tyAMnA killAnI aMdaranA elanabareberekamAM Ubhele che. tenA upara azokanA be gauNa staMbhalekho paNa katarelA che. te paikIne eka lekha kauzAMbInA amaladAne udezIne lakhele hevAthI ema jaNAya che ke, alAhAbAdanA naiyakhUNe Azare paMdara gAunA che. yamunA nadInA kAMThe Aje kesama (prAcIna kauzabI) che temAM mULe e thAMbhale Ubho karavAmAM Avyo haze. A thAMbhalAnI upara samudraguptanI prazasti paNa kotarelI che. AtmaprazaMsAthI bharele pitAne lekha A thAMbhalAnI upara kAtarAvIne jahAMgIre azokanA trIjA ane cothA mukhya staMbhalekhane nAhaka naSTa karyo che. paraMtu tenA samayanI pahelAM ja e thAMbhalAne prayAgamAM laI javAmAM Avela. azokanA nidAna be thAMbhalA dillImAM

Page #261
232 laI janAra phirojha taghalake e thAMbhalo tyAM ANelo, evuM anumAna karavAmAM AvyuM che. uttaravihAranA caMpAraNya prAMtamAM azokanA staMbhalekhevALA traNa thAMbhalA jovAmAM Ave che. radhIya (rAdhiyA) gAmanA agnikhUNe savA gAunA aMtare- ane beTiyAnA raste kesariyA stUpanA vAyavyakhUNe dasa gAunA cheTe- AvelA ararAjamahAdevanA jANItA hiMdumaMdiranA nitya khUNe adhagAunA jeTalA dUra AvelA "lAriyA " nAmaka gAmaDAnI bAjumAM lauriyA-ararAjane (athavA radhIyano ke rAdhiyAne) thAMbhale Ubhelo che. e sthaLanA vAyavyakhUNe nepALanI dizAmAM AgaLa jatAM lauriyA-naMdanagaDhano (athavA maThIyano ke mAthiyane ) manahara thAMbhale jovAmAM Ave che. azokanA thAMbhalAe paikInA mAtra e ja thAMbhalAnI upara mULane TocavALo bhAga Aje paNa mejUda che. maThIyanI (mAthiyanI ) uttaradizAe doDha gAunA che.- ane naMdanagaDhanAM khaMDeronI bAjumAM- AvelA lauriyA" nAmaka gAmanA pADosamAM e thAMbhale Ubhelo che. blaza sAhebe kahyuM che tema, naMdanagaDhanAM khaMDere mauryakALanI pahelAMnA samayanAM che. pippalavanane "kayalAne sUpa" e ja sthaLe hato, ema kahevAya che. "mahiuddIna muhammada auraMgajhiba pAdazAha alamagira gAjhI"nA nAmavALo 1076 nI sAla (i. sa. 1660-1661 ) phArasI lekha e thAMbhalAnI upara kerele che te mIra jumalAnA lazkaranA keka utsAhI musalamAne ghaNuM karIne kAtaryo hato. te samaye e lazkara baMgALAmAMthI pAchuM pharatuM hatuM. e thAMbhalAnA TocabhAganI nIce ja baMdukanI goLInuM goLa nizAna dekhAya che te ema sAbIta kare che ke, kArIranA e thAMbhalAne naSTa karavA prayatana mIra jumalA karI rahyo hato. tenA izAnakhUNe daseka gAunA aMtare ane pipariyA gAmanA izAnakhUNe adhagAunA cheTe- rAmapUrva rAmaparvo nuM 1. A. sa. I. e.rI, 1906-1907, pR. 11 ane AgaLa,

Page #262
240 gAmaDuM AveluM che.1 svargastha smitha sAheba ema mAnatA hatA ke, pATanagaranI sAmenA gaMgA nadInA uttara-kinArAthI mAMDIne nepALanI khINa sudhI jato rAjamArga caMpAraNyanA ukta thAMbhalAo darzAvI Ape che. (kha) cha gauNa staMbhalekhe. allAhAbAdanA thAMbhalAnI upara azokanA be gauNu staMbhaleo kotaravAmAM AvelA che. te paikIne eka staMbhalekha rANuzAsana' kahevAya che, ane te paikInA bIjA lekhamAM saMdhamAM phaTakUTa pADanArane thatI sajAne ullekha karela che. "rANuzAsana'nI bIjI eka paNa nakala maLI AvelI nathI. paraMtu saMdhamAM phATaphUTa pADanArane thatI sajAne lagatA azokane bIje gauNu staMbhalekha allAhAbAdanA thAMbhalAnI upara ane madhya-hiMdustAnamAMnA bhopALa rAjyamAM AvelA sAMcInA mahAtUpanI dakSiNadizAe AvelA daravAjAnI bAjumAM paDelA tUTelA thAMbhalAnI upara tema ja sAranAthanA thAMbhalAnI upara kotaravAmAM AveluM che. kAzInI uttaradizAe Azare poNA be gAunA aMtare AvelA sAranAthamAMthI azokanA staMbhalakhavALo thAMbhale oTela sAhebane i. sa. 1905mAM jaDI Avyo hato. sAranAthanA thAMbhalAnI upara azokane gauNa staMbhalekha lagabhaga pUrepUro jaLavAI rahe che. azokanA gauNa thAMbhalAo paikIne sauthI vadhAre mahattvano thAMbhalo lubina-udyAnane (mmidaIno) thAMbhale che. bastinA briTiza jillAnI uttaradizAe AvelA bhagavAnapura" nAmaka nepALI tahasIlamAMnA bhagavAnapura gAmanI uttaradizAe eka gAunA che. 1. A. sa. I. eN. pI., 1907-1908, pR. 181 ane AgaLa. 2. "azoka', pR. 120. 3. "e gAIDa Tu sAMcI" (sAMcInI mArgadarzikA), 5. 90 ane AgaLa. 4. A. sa. I. sa. rI, 104-1905, pR. 68 ane AgaLa.

Page #263
41. -ane 5dIrAnI uttara dizAe adha gAunA aMtare- lubinI-udyAnane (samminidedano) maTha che tenI bAjumAM e thAMbhale Ubhele che.' tenA upara katarelA kIrtilekhamAM kahyuM che ke, e sthaLe zAkayamuni bhagavAna buddhano janma thayo hato. basti jillAnI uttaradizAe nepALanI khINamAM niglIva' nAmaka gAma che tenI bAjumAM AvelA niglIva-sAgaranA pazcima-kAMThAnI pAsethI paNa evo ja bIje kIrtilekha jaDI Avelo che. atyAre lubinI-udyAnanA thAMbhalAnA vAyavya khUNe Azare sAta gAunA cheTe AvI rahelA ukata niglIvanA thAMbhalAnI upara kotaravAmAM AvelA azokanA gauNa staMbhalekhamAM kahyuM che ke, kanakamuni(ke nAgamananA stUpanuM sthaLa darzAvavAnA hetuthI e thAMbhale tyAM Ubho karavAmAM Avela hato. guhAlekhe. phalga nadInA DAbA (pazcimadizAnA) kAMThAnI bAjumAM AvelI be alaga parvatAvalimAM gayAnI uttaradizAe ATha gAunA aMtare -athavA rasteraste jatAM sADA nava gAunA cheDe - "varnara' barAbara)nI ane "nAgAjunI'nI suprasiddha guphAo AvelI che. vartara(barAbara)nI TekarImAM cAra guphAo che. te paikInI traNa guphAomAMnI divAlenA upara azokanA traNa guhAlekho kotaravAmAM AvelA che. te lekhamAM kahyuM che tema, rAjA piyadasie AjIvane e guphAonuM dAna karyuM hatuM. azokanI dharmalipionA sthaLanirdezanI bAbatamAM ATaluM kahevuM basa thaze. have e dharmalipione lagatA bIjA keTalAka savAlane vicAra ApaNe karavAne che. pahelo savAla to e che ke, 1. yuhararane "enyuala progresa rIpoTe"(vArSika pragati ahevAla), 1894-18, pariccheda 3; ja. rai.e. se, 1897, pR. 429 ane AgaLa pR. 365 ane AgaLa. 2. ka. A sa.rI, 1,44 ane AgaLa ka. The.I. I., 30-31.

Page #264
e dharmalipio je zilAonA upara katarAelI che te zilAonuM svarUpa kevuM che ? azoke temanAM zAM nAma ApyAM che ? potAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhanA aMtabhAgamAM teNe "zilA staMbhano ane zilAphalake ullekha karelo che. "zilA staMbho" to dekhItI rIte paththaranA thAMbhalA che. evA aneka thAMbhalAnI upara tenA lekho kAtarAelA che, e ApaNe jANIe chIe. zilAphalaka eTale paththaranI lATa che. paraMtu azokane vairATano bIjo (bhAbrAno) lekha bAda karatAM tene bIje kaI paNa lekha paththaranI lATanA upara kotarele ghaNuM karIne maLI Avyo nathI. sahAzrama(sahasrAma)nA ane rUpanAthanA lekhanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM "zilA staMbha ane "parvata zabda jovAmAM Ave che. azokanA pAMca gauNa zilAle tema ja cauda mukhya zilAlekha jemanA upara kotaravAmAM AvelA che temane uddezIne ja ukta parvata" zabda vaparAelo lAge che. kharuM jotAM, cauda mukhya zilAlekho paikIno dhavalIno ane yAvagaDhane zilAlekha parvata'nA upara kAtarAelo, ema e lekha vAMcatAM ja jaNAya che. dareka prasaMge parvatanuM nAma paNa lekhamAM ApavAmAM AvyuM haze, paNa mAtra yAvagaDhanA zilAlekhamAM ja "khapiMgala' parvatanuM nAma jaLavAI raheluM che. AthI karIne ema sAbIta thAya che ke, parvatanI upara ane paththaranA thAMbhalAnI upara tema ja paththaranI lATanI upara azake pitAnA lekho kotarAvyA hatA. bIjo savAla e che ke, azoka pitAnA lekhone kayA nAmathI oLakhAve che? tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekheno ane sAta mukhya staMbhalekhene abhyAsa jemaNe karela che teo te sArI peThe jANe che ke, azeke pitAnA lekhene "paMjiri' tarIke oLakhAvelA che. dhaji eTale zuM? ApaNe prathama vAMcI gayA chIe ke, 1. ka. A. sa. rI, 2, 2476 ka. The. I. I. 1, 24; pro.rI. A. sa. 3. I1909-1910, pR. 45.

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43 pitAnA "dhaja'nI ane sAmAnya dharmanI vacce sarakhAmaNI karavAnuM azokane bahu gamatuM hatuM. dAkhalA tarIke, "vikathanI ane dharmadina"nI vacce tema ja " 8"nI ane "ImAra'nI vacce tathA "ra"nI ane "dhamAna'nI vacce teNe sarakhAmaNI karelI che. te ja pramANe teNe paMjamahAmAtrane sAmAnya "mAmAtrathI jUdA gaNelA che. e rIte jotAM pitAnI "sTirine sAmAnya "ji"thI jUdI pADavAnA hetuthI ja " ji'i teNe kahI haze. "ji'i zabdano artha "zAsana" (eTale ke, lekha) thAya che. dhavalInA ane vigaDhanA jUdA jUdA zilAlekhamAM tema ja sAranAthanA staMbhalekhamAM e ja arthavALo ukta zabda vaparAele che. khAsa karIne sAranAthanA staMbhalekhamAM thaele e zabdano upayoga vizeSa mahatva che. eTaluM khAsa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, e lekhane "sirA' tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM AveluM che, ane tema chatAM paNa temAM ema kahyuM che ke, amaladArene mATe eka lipi ane bauddha upAsakene mATe bIjI lipi, ema tenI be lipie kotaravAnI che. ahIM sTirine artha "zara" ja hei zake. rAjA tarIke azoka sAmAnya bAbatone lagatAM aneka zAsane kADhayAM haze. e zAsana jenA vaDe lakhAtAM te dekhItI rIte "lipi" kahevAtI. vaLI, te pote dharmopadezaka paNa hato tethI karIne dharmapracAranA hetuthI tevAM ja zAsane teNe kADhayAM haze. AvAM zAsanane ja ApaNe "dha " tarIke oLakhAvavAM joIe. teNe potAnA cauda zilAlekhene ane sAta mukhya staMbhalekhene ja "dhamasTiri' nAma ApeluM che, e vAta kharI; paraMtu guhAle sivAyanAM tenAM bIjAM badhAM zAsane "dhamasTi" nathI, ema kAMI kahI zakAya nahi. tenAM e badhAM zAsane "ma'nI vRddhine lagatAM ane dhananA pracArane lagatAM ja che ane tethI temane "masTiji' tarIke oLakhAvavAM, e regya ja che.

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trIje savAla e che ke, je sAlemAM azokanA jUdA jUdA lekho kAtarAelA te sAlenA AdhAre ApaNe zuM samajI zakIe chIe ? azokanA sAta mukhya staMbhalekhenI sAlanI bAbatamAM to kAMI paNa zaMkAne sthAna rahetuM nathI. pahelA mukhya staMbhalekhanI zarUAta karatAM ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, azokanA rAjakALanA chavIsamA varSamAM e dharmalipi ketarAvavAmAM AvI hatI. chaThThA mukhya staMbhalekhanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM paNa ema kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke, tenA rAjakALanA chavIsamA varSamAM te ketarAyo hato. e rIte jotAM, azokanA rAjakALanA chavIsamA varSamAM tenA pahelA cha mukhya staMbhalekho kAtarAelA, emAM te kAMI ja zaka nathI. mAtra dillI prArthanA thAMbhalAnI upara kAtarAelA tenA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhanI bAbatamAM ApaNe eTaluM to jANIe chIe ke, je varSamAM e lekha kAtarAelo te varSa darzAvavAne e lekhanA aMtabhAgamAM 27ne AMkaDe ApavAmAM Avelo che. AthI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, tene sAtamAM mukhya staMbhalekha eka varSa vItye kotaravAmAM Avelo, ane e rIte pAchaLathI tene umeravAmAM Avele. e lekha pAchaLathI UmeravAmAM Avelo, enI khAtrI e che ke, (je thAMbhalAnI upara te lekha kotaravAmAM Ave che te thAMbhalAnuM varNana karatAM ApaNe upara kahI gayA chIe tema) e lekhanA akSaro Agale che lekhonA akSarothI taddana jUdA paDI Ave che. azokanA sAta mukhya staMbhalekhanI sAla e rIte barAbara cakkasa che; paNa kamanasIbe tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhonI tema ja tenA anya lekhonI sAla evI rIte cekasa nathI. tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhe paikInA cothA ane pAMcamA tema ja AThamA ane teramA zilAlekhamAM sAla ApelI che, e vAta te kharI; paNa e badhI dharmalipio ke temAMnI amuka amuka dharmalipio amuka varSamAM kotaravAmAM AvelI, evuM koI ThekANe noMdhavAmAM AveluM nathI. e jUdI jUdA lekhamAM

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ra45 ullekhelA jUdA jUdA banAvo je sAlamAM banelA te sAla e badhA lekhomAM ApelI che; paNa e ja sAlamAM e lekho kAtarAelA, evo teno artha thatuM nathI. emAMnI chellAmAM chellI sAla azokanA rAjakALanuM teramuM varSa che. senA sAhebe kahyuM che ke, azokanA rAjakALanA teramA varSamAM tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotaravAmAM AvyA hatA. ApaNA dezanA tema ja yuropanA bIjA vidvAnee senA sAhebanuM e kathana mAnya rAkhyuM che. paraMtu ApaNe emanuM e kathana svIkArI zakIe tema nathI. ApaNe te mAtra eTalo ja nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, azakanA rAjakALanA teramA varSanI pahelAM tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhe kotarAyA nahi hoya. AvuM hoIne ApaNe svataMtra rIte A bAbatano vicAra karavAnuM che, ane je sAlamAM azokanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotarAelA te sAla ApaNe nakkI karavAnI che. A bAbatanI cakkasa sAla ApaNe nakkI karI zakazuM nahi to paNa nidAna Azaro te ApaNe kADhI zakazuM. A bAbatamAM je dalIla ApaNe karavAnI che temane IzAre prathama karavAmAM Ave che.1 badhA vidvAne eTaluM to kabula kare che ke, dharmanI vRddhi karavAnA hetuthI azeke potAnA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamA varSa sudhImAM je upAya yojelA te upAyono sArAMza pitAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM teNe ApeluM che. tene ukta sAtamo sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekha tenA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamA varSamAM kotarAele, e te ApaNe upara kahI gayA chIe. paraMtu hiMdustAnamAM tema ja hiMdustAnanI bahAra paropakAranAM je kAmo teNe karelAM- je kAmano ullekha pitAnA bIjA mukhya zilAlekhamAM teNe kare che- te kAmano ke tenA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che tema tenA pitAnA sAmrAjyamAM tema ja tenA pAsanA grIsanA ke hiMdu rAjAonAM rAjyomAM dharmopadezane lagatA tenA parAkramane je 1 jue pR. 46, TIkA 1.

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246 phateha maLelI te phatehane kAMI paNa ullekha tenA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM karavAmAM Avela nathI. azokanI dRSTie A bane bAbato eTalA badhA mahattvanI che ke, tenA pitAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhanI sAlanI pahelAM tenA pitAnA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamA varSanI pahelAM e banne bAbata banI gaI hota te pitAnA ukta sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM temane ulekha karyA vagara te rahetA ja nahi. AvuM hoIne ApaNe evo ja nirNaya karI zakIe chIe ke, azokane bIjo ane teramo mukhya zilAlekha- kahe ke, tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekhe- kotaravAnuM kAma tenA sAta mukhya staMbhalekho ketarAI gayA tyArapachI ja hAthamAM levAmAM AvyuM hovuM joIe. bIjI rIte paNa A ja nirNaya ApaNe karI zakIe chIe. ApaNe prathama kahI gayA chIe tema, pitAnA dharmane phelAve karavAne mATe pote je upAyo yojelA te upAyenuM varNana potAnA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM karatAM azoka kahe che ke, e kAme teNe zrema' UbhA karAvelA. vaLI e staMbhalekhanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM teNe ema paNa kahyuM che ke, "jyAM zilAoM ke zilAphalake hAya tyAM A dharmalipi kotaravI." emAM "parvata'nA upara dharmalipio kAtarAvavAnuM teNe kaheluM nathI ja. tenA rAjakALanA sattAvIsamA varSanI pachI ja e vicAra tene sUjha jaNAya che. AthI paNa ema sAbIta thAya che ke, tenA sAta mukhya staMbhalekho kotaravAnuM kAma pUruM thayuM tyArapachI ja tenA cauda mukhya zilAlekho tema ja pAMca gauNa zilAlekhe kAtaravAnuM kAma zarU karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. cothe savAla e che ke, azakanA cauda mukhya zilAlekho pahelA kAtarAelA ke tenA pAMca gauNa zilAlekha pahelA kAtarAelA ? AnA saMbaMdhamAM eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, jyAM jyAM zilAkhaMbha ke parvata hoya tyAMtyAM pitAne sahAzramane ane rUpanAthane gauNa zilAlekha karavAno hukama teNe karelo hato. A

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hakIkta ema batAvI Ape che ke, parvatanI upara athavA thAMbhalAnI upara pitAnA lekho kotarAvavAno vicAra e ja arasAmAM tene prathama sUjhI AvyA hatA; kAraNa ke, tema na heta te upara jaNAvele hukama karavAne kAMI artha ja na hato. AthI karIne ema jaNAya che ke, staMbhalekho kotarAvavAnuM kAma pUruM thayuM eTale pachI turata ja pAMca gauNa zilAlekho kotarAvavAnuM kAma azake hAthamAM lIdhuM, ane te kAma pUruM thatAM teNe cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotarAvyA. cauda mukhya zilAlekho kotarAtA hatA te vakhate parvatanA upara ane thAMbhalAnA upara lekho kotarAvavAno vicAra eTale badhe sAmAnya banI gayo hato ke, e bAbatano ullekha karavAnI jarUra azokane jaNAI nahi. teNe mAtra eTaluM ja noMdhI rAkhyuM ke, e (cauda mukhya ) zilAlekho cirasthAyI thAya teTalA mATe kotarAvavAmAM AvelA che. - dharmopadeza karavAne lagatuM atizaya parAkrama nidAna cauda varSa sudhI azoka karyuM tyAre dharmane lagatA pitAnA vividha vicArone ane e dharmane pracAra karavAnA hetuthI levAmAM AvelA vividha upAyane amaryAM paththaronA upara kotarI rAkhavAno vicAra azokane prathama sUjhI Avyo. e vicAra zAthI tene thaI Ave, e ApaNe agAu joI gayA chIe. dekhItI rIte tene hetu e hato ke, dharmopadezaka tarIkenI pitAnI kArakIrdinI pravRttione spaSTa ahevAla paththaranA upara kAtarAvI rAkhyo hoya te te jaLavAI rahe, ane tenA pitAnA vaMzajo te joine vAMce tathA vicAre, ane teNe pite atizaya hesathI zarU karelA dharmavijayane samasta duniyAmAM AgaLa dhapAvavAnI bAbatamAM ethI temane cetana maLe. tenA cAra mukhya zalAlekhomAMnA ke sAta mukhya staMbhalekhomAMnA jUdA jUdA lekha kAMI anukrame goThavavAmAM AvelA nathI. dharmopadezaka tarIkenA pitAnA jIvanane sthAyI rUpa ApavAne te eTale badhe 1 juo pR. 136-137.

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248 utAvaLo thaI gayo hato ke, koI paNa jAtano pUrvApara saMbaMdha jALavyA vagara potAnA judAjudA lekhene teNe ekaThA karI mukyA. tema chatAM paNa je vicAre che ane lAgaNIoe tathA hetuoe azokanA AtmAne halamalAve ane sacetana karela tathA dorele tema ja manuSyajAtinuM aihika tathA pAralaukika hitasukha sAdhavAne ATale badhe prerelo te vicAro ane lAgaNIone tathA hetuone cirasthAyI rUpamAM jALavI rAkhIne bhAvi prajAne tene vAraso ApI javAne vicAra azokane sUjhI Avyo ane te vicArano amala turata ja teNe karyo teTalA mATe ApaNe bauharAjavI azokanA atizaya AbhArI chIe. (2) bhASAMtara, TIkA, vagere prAstAvika noMdha. isvI sananI ogaNIsamI sadInA madhyabhAgathI mAMDIne atyAra sudhImAM aneka vidvAnoe azokanI dharmalipiono abhyAsa karela che. hiMdustAnanA zilAlekha vagerenA abhyAsanI zarUAta karanAra prinsepa sAhebe ane vilsana tema ja bunaka sAhebe je lakhANa karelAM te lakhANane saMgraha "korpasa iskripazanama iMDikerama, pustaka paheluM" nAmaka laghu graMthamAM sara elekajhAMDara kaniMgahAma sAhebe I. sa. 1877 mAM ApelI che. paNa mULa lekha vAMcavAmAM bhUla thavAthI temanAM ukta lakhANa Aje to lagabhaga nakAmAM ja thaI paDayAM che. ukta pustaka bahAra paDayuM tyArapachI keTalAka navA lekho jaDI AvyA che, ane prathama jaDelA ghaNuM lekha judI rIte vaMcAyA che ane temane jude artha karavAmAM Avela che. zrIyuta Ara. ATo ke kRta "pAli aMDa saMskRta" (sabarga) I. sa. 1902mAM prasiddha thayo che tenA pAna 1 thI 5 sudhImAM I. sa. 1902

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246 paryata prasiddha thaelA badhA graMthanuM vigatavAra sUcipatra ApavAmAM AveluM che. azokanI dharmalipio eka prakAranuM svataMtra sAhitya ja che. mAtra gaNyAgAMdhyA vidvAnoe ja tenI badhI dharmalipione saTIka saMgraha prasiddha karela che. azokanI dharmalipionA abhyAsIne nIcenAM pustake upayogI thaI paDe tema che - (1) emilI senAta kRta "le Iskrizmi da piyadasI" (pArisa : be bhAgamAM). mULa lekhe vAMcavAmAM bhUla thaI che tethI, ane pAchaLathI navA lekho jaDI AvyA che tathA navI zodhakhoLa thaI che tethI A graMthamAM paNa khAmIo rahI javA pAmI che te paNa, game tevo abhyAsI AvA mahatvanA pustakane uvekhI zake tema nathI. (2) jyorja khUhalara kRta "bAITroge jhUra ekarUM Dera azoka-InDriAphaTana" (lIjhiMga, I. sa. 1909); sA. DaoN. e. ge, i. sa. 1893-1894 mAMthI punarmudrita. emAM sudhArelA aneka pATha tathA sudhAreluM bhASAMtara ane upayogI TIkA che. A pustakane upayoga anivArya thaI paDe che. e. I., pu. 1, pR. 16-20 mAM ane pu. 2, pR. 245-74 mAM tathA pU. 47-472 mAM tema ja A. sa. sa. I, pu. 1, pR. 114-125 mAM e pustakanA DAka bhAganuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara prasiddha thaeluM che. (3) sara vinsenTa smitha kRta "azoka, dhI buddhisTa emparara opha InDiyA" (trIjI AvRtti, i. sa. 1920), prakaraNa 4 ane 5. A pustakamAM mAtra bhASAMtara ane TIkAo ApelAM che. mULa lekhe temAM dAkhala karelA nathI. azokanI dharmalipione lagatA praznone saMgraha A graMthamAM bahu saMbhALa rAkhIne kareluM che; ane tethI A laghu graMtha abhyAsIne upayogI nIvaDe tevo che. (4) I. huza sAhebe azokanI dharmalipionI navI sudhArelI AvRtti i. sa. 1912 mAM taiyAra karavA mAMDI hatI; paNa chellA

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250 mahAvigrahanA kAraNe te prasiddha thaI zakI na hatI. have e graMtha lagabhaga pUruM thavA Avyo che, ane thoDA vakhatamAM abhyAsIonA hAthamAM te Ave tema che. azokanA lekhene lagatI ane temanA arthane lagatI je carcAspada bAbata che temane nirNaya A graMthathI thaze, evI AzA rahe che. (5) vaDodarA rAjyanA dezI keLavaNI khAtAnI bhASAMtara zAkhA "zrI sayAjI sAhityamALA" taiyAra karAvI prasiddha karAve che tenA itihAsa-gucchanA ekase ekamA puSpa tarIke " azakanA zilAlekho" nAmaka mAro graMtha bahAra paDelo che temAM azokanI dharmalipionAM mULa lakhANa ane mArI potAnI buddhinA anusAra kareluM temanuM bhASAMtara meM ApelAM che. azakanI dharmalipionA abhyAsIne e graMtha paNa javAnI namra bhalAmaNa che. (6) de. ra. bhAMDArakara kRta "azaka" (kalakattA, I. sa. 1925) paNa A bAbatamAM upayogI thaI paDe che. e ja graMthanA AdhAre A pustaka lakhAeluM hovAthI abhyAsIne temanA abhiprAyo AmAMthI jANavA maLe che. vaLI, azokanI dharmalipionA amuka amuka zabdonI ke phakarAonI bAbatamAM TIkA karanArI athavA to temane lagatA khAsa praznonI carcA karanArA jUdA jUdA to judAjudA vidvAnoe vakhatevakhata prasiddha karelI che. evA lekhe eTalA badhA che ke, temanI nedha ahIM laI zakAya tema nathI, paraMtu prasaMga Avaze tyAre A graMthamAM temano ullekha sthaLaparatve karavAmAM Avaze. taduparAMta "De-jarmana phezugana, i. sa. 1908, 1910, 1911 mAM ane "amerikana jarnala opha phAIlola, I. sa. 1909, 1910"mAM tema ja "jarnala opha dhI amerikana ripenTala sosAyaTI, i. sa. 1911 mAM zrIyuta TI. mAIkesane lakhelA keTalAka lekho paNa prasiddha thaelA che. paraMtu temAM azokanI dharmalipionA

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rapa1 artha carcavAmAM AvelA nathI. temAM te azakanI dharmalipionAM mULa lakhANane lagatI TIkAo ApavAmAM AvI che, ane bolIne lagatA praznonI carcA karavAmAM AvelI che. (1) caMda mukhya zilAlekhe. [ 1 ] bhASAMtara devAne lADako priyadarzI rAjAe A dharmalipira kotarAvI hatI. ahIM koI paNa prANIne mArI nAkhIne tene bhoga Ape nahi, ane koI paNa samAja paNa kare nahi; kAraNa ke, devone lAke priyadarzI rAjA samAjamAM bahu bura dekhe che. tema chatAM paNa devone lADakA priyadarzI rAjAe keTalAka samAjene sarvottama gaNyA che. pahelAM devone lADakA priyadarza rAjanA rasoDAmAM sUpAthe dararoja seMkaDo ane hajAre prANIone vadha thato hato. paraMtu have A dhamalipi lakhAI tyAre sUpAthe mAtra traNa prANuo haNatAM hatAM -e mera ane eka haraNa; paraMtu e haraNa paNa niyamita rIte haNAtuM nahi. pachIthI A traNe prANIone paNa haNavAmAM Avaze nahi. 1. pANini, 6, 3, 21 mAM chaThThI vibhaktinA "InsamAd. nI bAbatamAM kahyuM che tenA upara kAtyAyananuM AvuM vArtika che - dvAno-rika vi . AthI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, ukta vAtakakAranA samayamAM levAnAM-kiza' ne upayoga thato hato, ane

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ra5ra te eka zabda gaNato hato. pANini, 5, 3, 14 ne lagatA vAtika maTu yAriyA:" ne lagatA potAnA bhASyamAM pataMjalie mahArANamAM levAnAM-kirane samAveza karela che. A hakIkta ema batAve che ke, ukta gaNamAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvelA mAtra tathA DhIyu tathA mayukata zabdanI mAphaka sevAnAM-zika zabda paNa zubha saMbaMdhana tarIke vaparAte hato (ja. eN. . ra. e. se, 21, 393). paraMtu eTaluM paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, kAtyAyananA ukta vArtikanA AdhAre jaNAI Ave che tema, e zarUAtanA samayamAM levAna-kica zabda ulaTA arthamAM paNa vaparAto hato. paraMtu pAchaLathI e zabdane halako ja artha haMmezAM thatA rahyA che. (ja. rai. e. se, 1908, pR. 504-505). AThamA mukhya zilAlekhanI keTalIka narlemAM vaparAelA havAnAM-kira zabdanI jagyAe bIjI nakalomAM "jJAna" zabda jovAmAM Ave che te paNa sva. sara vileMTa smitha sAhebanI mAphaka (ja. oN. e. se.. 1901. pR. 456 ane 177) e banne zabdane paryAyarUpa gaNavAnA nathI; kAraNa ke, "kiyAna" nAmanI sAthe joDelA "jJAna" zabdane revAnAM-jiya' zabdanI sAthe sAthe vAparavAmAM Ave te ukta arthamAM te vadhArAne thaI paDe. smitha sAhebe "sevAnAM-bijane artha "His sacred majesty" karyo che te paNa svIkArI zakAya tema nathI; kAraNa ke, yurepanA "pApa"ne ke ApaNe dezanA zaMkarAcAryane evuM bIruda lAgU paDI zake, paNa azokanA jevA sAmAnya prajAnA rAjAne evuM bIruda lAgU paDI zake nahi. 2. azokanA A zilAlekhamAM tema ja tenA bIjA lekhamAM * paMgi ' zabda levAmAM Ave che tenuM bhASAMtara nAdAdA vidvAnoe nadI nadI rIte kareluM che. karna sAhebe "dhArmikatAnuM zAsana artha karyo che. senA sAhebe mAtra "zAsana" artha karyo che. myulara sAhebe "dhArmika zAsana' artha karyo che. kharuM jotAM "ji' eTale lekha" ("zAsana" nathI ). mAtra sAranAthanA staMbhalekhamAM ja tene

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253 A artha thai zake che. A sthaLe "paMja' eTale mAtra "dhArmikatA' ja nathI. "dhArmikatAne poSanAra upAya ane dAnakarmo " : e paNa tene artha levAne che. jue che. 243. 3. keTalAka vidvAnoe "da"ne artha "ahIM eTale A pRthvImAM" ema karyo che, ane bIjA keTalAka vidvAnee ahIM eTale pATaliputramAM" e tene artha karyo che. paraMtu "rAjamahelamAM ane rAjakuTuMbamAM" evo teno artha karavo, e ThIka thaI paDaze; kAraNa ke, A zilAlekhamAM jaNAvelI bIjI badhI bAbate azakane pitAne lagatI ke tenA rAjadarabArane lagatI che. ene artha e thayo ke, prANIone bhega ApavAnI baMdhI pitAnA sAmrAjayamAM sarvatra teNe karI nahi hoya, paNa mAtra tenA pitAnA rAjadarabAramAM te bhoga ApavAnI baMdhI teNe karI haze. 4. "samAna" ne kharekhara artha ja. bI. eN. ra. e. se, ra1, 395 mAM prathama prasiddha thayo tyAM sudhI vidvAnonA jANavAmAM Avyo na hate. . , 1913, 255 mAM zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare e ja bAbatanI vigatavAra noMdha ApelI che. ja. rai. e. sa., 1914, pR. 392-394 mAM ane 752 mAM epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe 'samanA kharA rUpane lagatA ApaNA jJAnamAM saMgIna Umere karyo che. vaLI, juo i. e., 1918, pR. 221-223 mAne zrIyuta ena. jI. majamudArane lekha. senA sAhebe e zabdane artha "AnaMdI maMDaLI" karyo hate.(I. e, 9, 286). pizela sAhebe tene artha "zikAra karyo hato. myulara sAhebe tene artha "bhajanamaMDaLI" karyo hate. (e. I., 2, 466). te paikIno koI paNa vidvAna potAnA arthanA samarthanamAM sAhityamAMthI AdhAra ApI zakyo na hato. vaLI, jIvahiMsAne lagatA pitAnA zilAlekhamAM aze ke zA kAraNe amuka samAjane vakhANyA ane amuka samAjane vakheDayA, eno khulAse paNa kaI vidvAna ApI zakyo na hato. A graMthanAM pR. 19-20mAM ane 5. 124-126mAM A bAbatane spaSTa khulAse ApavAmAM Avela che. 5. savAla e thAya che ke, A zilAlekha ketA tenA pahelAM

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254 azokanA darabArI rasoDAmAM seMkaDe ane hajAre prANIone vadha dararoja zA hetuthI thato hato? A bAbatamAM che. e, 1913, pR. 255 ane AgaLa javAnI bhalAmaNa che. te ja pramANe juo A graMthanuM pR. 21. 6. aniyamita bhUtakALanuM rU5 "samig" ( mig) ane pUrNa bhUtakALanuM rUpa "mA " (mA?i) dhyAna kheMce tevI rIte vaparAela che, e ahIM javAnuM che. A pUrNa bhUtakALanuM rU5 rasabharyuM che; kAraNa ke, pAlibhASAnA ucca sAhityamAM te rUpa jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. paraMtu lokonI sAmAnya bolImAMthI e rU5 adRzya thayuM lAgatuM nathI. azokanA AThamA mukhya zilAlekhanI giranAranI nakalamAM pUrNa bhUtakALanuM rUpa thaI che te paNa dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che. [ 2 ] bhASAMtara dene lAkA priyadarzI rAjAnA mulakamAM sarvatra, tema ja tAmrapaNuM sudhInA roDa paya, sAtiyaputra, keralaputra jevA pADesanA rAjAonA mulakamAM, aMtiyaka (aTikasa) nAmaka na (grIsanA) rAjAnA tema ja jeo aMtiyaka(aMTiyekasa)nA pADesIra che temanA mulakamAM sarvatra devene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAe be prakAranI cikitsA thApelI chemanuSyonA upayoganI ane pazuonA upayoganI. manuSyanA upayoganI ane pazuonA upayoganI auSadhIo jyAM jyAM jovAmAM AvI nathI tyAMtyAM te aNuvIne ropAvavAmAM AvelI che. mULa ane phaLa jyAM jyAM jovAmAM AvyAM nathI tyAMtyAM te aNAvIne ropAvavAmAM AvelAM che. manuSyanA ane pazunA paribhogane mATe rastAnI bAjumAM kUvA khodAvavAmAM AvyA che ane jhADApAvavAmAM AvelAM che. TIkA 1. juo pR. 36 ane AgaLa. pati(pAMDeyane mATe vaLI juo kA, le, 1918 pR. 10-11,

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sAtiyaputranA saMbaMdhamAM sva. rA. ge. bhAMDArakare kahyuM che ke, dakSiNanI ucca sapATabhUminI cheka pazcimadizAnA bhAgamAM rahetAM keTalAMka marAThA ane kAyastha tathA brAhmaNa kuTuMbamAM "sAtapate? aTaka jovAmAM Ave che te azokane A zilAlekhamAMnA "sAtiyapura" zabdanI uparathI vyutpanna thaelI lAge che. AthI karIne "sAtiyapura"nuM svataMtra rAjya pazcimadizAna ghATamAM ane tenI nIcenA koMkaNunA kAMThAe AveluM hovuM joIe ("iDiyana rIvyu", 1909, pR. 401 ane AgaLa ). paraMtu " aitareyabrAhmaNa, 8, 14mAM jaNAvelA ane pANini, 5, 3, 117mAM ullekhAelA gyaffkA mAM dAkhala karavAmAM AvelA "rAvata' tarIke "sAtine khulara sAhebe gaNAvyA che ("bAITroge jhUra ekalere Dera azokaIndiAphaTana ", pR. 13 ane AgaLa). sva. sara vileMTa smitha sAhebe ema mAnyuM che ke, tulava deza athavA to satyamaMgalanI AsapAsane pradeza "satyaputra' kahevAte he joIe (a. hi. I., pR. 163, 185 TIkA, 459; "azoka', pR. 161 ). zrIyuta esa. vI. vyaMkaTezvare kahyuM che ke, "je dezanuM ke prajAnuM pATanagara "kAMcIpurama " hatuM te dezanuM nAma" te haze (ja. rai. e. sa. 1918, pR. 541-542; I. a, 1919, pR. 24). zrIyuta esa. kRSNasvAmI AyaMgara ema mAne che ke, jemAM mAtRpakSIya ke "aliyasaMtAnama ne kAyade pracalita che te kAcinanI uttaradizAnA pradezane udezIne satiyaputra" zabda vaparAyo lAge che ("baginiMgsa eka sAutha inDiyana hisTarI." pR. 73; ja. . e se, 1919, pR. 581 ane AgaLa). zrIyuta de. ra. bhAMDArakarano abhiprAya A graMthamAM prathama pR. 39-41mAM ApelI che. atyArasudhI ema ja manAtuM AveluM che ke, siMhaladvIpane uddezIne ja 'sava " zabda vaparAelo che. paNa hAlamAM I. huDjha sAhebe (smitha,I. a. 1918, pR. 48 ane AgaLa) evI sUcanA karelI che ke, hAlanA tivallI jillAmAM (prAcIna pAMDaya rAjyamAM) thaIne vahetI tAmraparNI nadIne uddezIne ja "saMva " zabda vaparAelo gaNavo joIe. paraMtu A zilAlekhamAMne "sava " zabda ukta nadIne uddezIne ja vaparAya heta te keralaputranI pachI te nadInuM nAma na mukAyuM hatuM, paNa pAMDeyanI

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256 pachI tenuM nAma mukAyuM heta; kAraNa ke, e nadI pAMDayanA (tema ja samasta bhAratavarSanA) aMtabhAgamAM vahI rahetI hatI. te ja pramANe pitAnA teramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM azoke pAMya lokAthI nAdA paDatA "tAmrapaNInA lokone ullekha karela che tene paNa kAMI artha nathI; kAraNa ke, pAMDayA lokemAM tAmraparNanA lekeno samAveza thaI ja jato hato. AthI karIne jUnI mAnyatA kharI Thare che; eTale ke, siMhaladvIpane udezIne ja "tAmrapaNa zabda vaparAelo che. 2. "sAmaMta"ne artha khulara sAhebe khaMDiyA rAjA karyo che. giranAranI nakala sivAyanI bIjI badhI nakalamAM A ja pATha che. giranAranI nakalamAM "rAma" pATha che. AthI ema jaNAya che ke, ahIM "sAmaMtane artha "pADesanA athavA aMtavAsI" levo joie. cAIlDarsanA pAlibhASAne zabdakoza"mAM e zabdane e ja artha ApavAmAM Avelo che. 3. senA sAhebe "vichita ne artha "reganA upAyo' karyo che, ane khulara sAhebe tene artha davAkhAnuM karyo che. paNa davAdArUnA arthamAM cikitsA" zabda ahIM vApara, e vadhAre sAruM che. A phakarAne artha barAbara samajavo hoya te juo pR. 197-169. [ 3 ] bhASAMtara dene lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-mAre rAjyAbhiSeka thayo tyArathI bAra varSe A pharamAna (me) kareluM che mArA mulakAmAM sarvatra yuktoe ane rajajukee tathA prAdezikeeka bIjA kAmane mATe tema ja A kAmane mATe (dharmanA upadezane mATe) dara pAMca varSe pheraNue nIkaLI paDavuM. (kevA prakArane dharmopadeza) "mAtAnuM ane pitAnuM kahyuM mAnavuM, e sAruM che; mitranI ane oLakhItA lokeAnI tathA sagAMsaMbaMdhInI tema ja brAhmaNonI ane zramaNanI" pratye udAratA rAkhavI, e sAruM che; prANuono vadha karatA aTakavuM,

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ra57 e sAruM che. there kharca kare ane cheDe saMcaya karavo, e sAruM che." zabdane anusarIne tema ja arthane anusarIne (A kharcanI ane saMcayanI) gaNatrI rAkhavAnA saMbaMdhamAM (maMtrIonI ) pariSada yukatone AjJA Apaze. TIkA 1. senA sAhebe "rAjA" ane "kavitA" zabdathI "cuta zabdane pADayo che, ane tene artha "nimakaharAma karyo che. paraMtu myulara sAhebe e zabdane kUvA" zabdanA vizeSaNa tarIke ga che, ane temaNe tene artha "vaphAdAra' karI che. senA sAhebe prathama batAvyuM hatuM tema (i. a, 1891, pR. 246, TIkA 50 ), giranAranI nakalamAM traNa vakhate "" zabda vaparAya che tethI myulara sAhebe karele guttara zabdano artha TakI zakato nathI. e zabdane nAma tarIke ja gaNavo joIe ane rAta nI ane prAdezinI mAphaka yukti paNa amaladAre hatA, ema mAnavuM joIe. "yutta(yukta)ne kharA arthane mATe juo pR. 51-para. vaLI, juo "jAtaka, pu. 1, pR. 117." 2. rAkanA arthane mATe juo pR. 53-54. paraMtu zrIyuta ke. pI. jyasvAla jAnUzabdane kAnana' zabdamAMthI vyutpanna thaele mAne che; ane "rAjAo athavA rAjamaMtrIe, AkhA sAmrAjyanA upara kharekharI kobArI sattA bhogavatI rikSA nI samiti" e arthamAM te ullekhAya che, ema temanuM mAnavuM che (ja. bi.e. vI. se, 1918, pR.42). 3. karna sAhebe " prAdezika ne sthAnika hAkema ga che, ane senA sAheba tene maLatA thayA lAge che. myulara sAhebe "prAdezine artha khaMDiyA rAjA" ryo che, ane hAlanA vakhatanA ThAkari tema ja rAva ane rAvaLa vagerenA pUrva tarIke temane temaNe gaNyA che. yukatanI ane rajukAnI sAthesAthe ja prAdezikane gaNAvavAmAM AvelA hovAthI temane azokanA khaMDiyA na gaNatAM amaladAre ja gaNavA joIe. bIjA amaladAranI mAphaka temaNe paNa pheNue javuM paDatuM, ane potAnA dararejanA kAmanA uparAMta dharmopadezanuM kAma paNa temaNe karavuM paDatuM : e hakIkatanI sAthe uparanI 17

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258 vAtane meLa bese che. AthI karIne epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe ApelI samajutI Aje sau koI svIkAre che. (ja. ra. e. so, 1914, pR. 383-386; 1915. pR. 112 ), vaLI, juo pR. para-pa3. 4. karna sAhebe ane tene anusarIne khuhUlara sAhebe "manuSA ' zabdano artha "tapAsaNInI pheraNIo" karyo che. A artha khare lAge che. seInaTa pITarsabarganA zabdakozanI madadathI brAhmaNasAhityamAMthI keTalAka UtArA pitAnA matanA samarthanamAM temaNe ApelA che. A arthanI puSTimAM pAli bhASAnA sAhityamAMthI paNa AdhAra maLI zake che. dAkhalA tarIke, juo "majijhamanikAya, pu. 3, pR. 8, lITI 19; pR. 174, lITI 5 ane 17." paraMtu senAta sAhebe tene artha "sabhA" karyo che; paNa ema banavuM azakya lAge che. tenuM paheluM kAraNa e ke, e arthanA samarthanamAM kAMI AdhAra maLato nathI. tenuM bIjuM kAraNa e ke, jene mATe A zilAlekhanI ghaNIkharI naklemAM "niksa' zabda vaparAya che te hAlIcAlI zake evI bhautika vastu hevI joIe. ApaNe "sattAnuM nivamA' na kahI zakIe, paNa ApaNe "anusA ciMtu" to kahI zakIe. alaba, " " ema ApaNe kahIe chIe, paraMtu tene artha "sabhAmaDa5mAM ga" thAya che; "sabhAmAM gaye athavA joDAyo' evo teno artha thato nathI. tenuM trIjuM kAraNa e ke, "canasaMcAra " zabda yAvagaDhanA alaga zilAlekhamAM jovAmAM Ave che, paNa dhavalImAnI tenI nakalamAM te jovAmAM AvatuM nathI. tene artha senA sAhebe karyo che tema "sabhA thatA hoya to, mahattvanA Ave zabda bIjI koI paNa nakalamAM zAthI jovAmAM Avato nathI, e samajIsamajAvI zakAtuM nathI. paNa tene artha mAtra "pheraNI athavA tapAsaNInI pheraNI" thatuM hoya te "nidra" dhAtunA prayojaka rUpathI e ja artha nIkaLe che, ane "3nusaMdhAna' zabda vAparavAnI khAsa jarUra rahetI nathI. basaDha gAmamAMthI maLI AvelI eka mudrAmAM e ja zabda jovAmAM Ave che. e mudrAmAM sAruM anusaMdhAna kara " [sAli (amaladAre) nA pheraNInA mukAmethI] ema lakheluM che, ema zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara kahe che (A. sa. I. e. rI,

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250 1963-1914, pR. 111 ane AgaLa ane citrapaTa pa0). zrIyuta ke pI. jayasvAle "manuyA" zabdane artha "kacerImAMthI nIkaLI javuM, athavA sarakArI rIte badalI thavAthI javuM" karyo che. e zabdanA arthanA samarthanamAM nahi paNa amaladAranI badalI karavI ITa hevAnI bAbatanA samarthanamAM temaNe "zukanIti"mAMthI UtAre Apele che ( ja. bi. o. rI. se., 1908, pR. 36-40). 5. A kaMkasamAsa che, ane tene artha "brAhmaNavagaranA ane zramaNavarganA sAdhuo ane bhikSuo thAya che. juo pR. 154-155. 6. "apavyayatA 3vmahetA sAdhu "ne arthI senA sAhebe Ama karyo che -"kaMjusAIne ane gALa bhAMDavAne tyAga karavo sAro." byulara sAhebe "apavyayata" zabda choDI dIdho che. temanA mate arvmAMhatA sAdhune artha "vividha dharmonA lokone bhAMDavAthI dUra rahevuM sAruM" thAya che. e bane vidvAnoe e be zabdomAMnA pahelA 'mA' zabdane "ga' avyayanA prAthamika rUpa tarIke gaNyo che. epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe ane zrIyuta de. ra. bhAMDArakare tenuM kharuM rUpa "' gayuM che. tenAM kAraNene mATe jue I. e., 1908, pR. 20). "maMDuM (bhAMDavuM) dhAtunI uparathI "mAM zabda vyutpanna thayA che, ema ApaNe gaNIe te te khUhalara ane senAtuM sAhebe kahyuM che tema tene artha bhAMDavuM te" athavA "gALa bhAMDavo te" thAya; paraMtu "sapatharAtA' zabdanI joDe ja "gavmahA " zabda vaparAya che tethI tene artha e karavAne che ke, jevI rIte eka cheDe "vAratA " che tevI rIte bIjA cheDe "vAha" che. "mane artha "mAla ke milakata levAmAM Ave te ja Ama banI zake. AthI karIne "patharatAnI (ochA kharcanI) sarakhAmaNumAM " mAM "ne artha "e che saMcaya" karavo joIe. 7. azokanI dharmalipiomAM keTalAMka anekAthI vAyo che te paikInuM A paNa eka vAkya che. senA sAhebe tene artha Ama karyo che -

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260 "hetuone ane zabdanA saMbaMdhamAM vigatavAra AjJA nimakaharAmane ApavAnuM kAma sAthe karavAnuM che." A arthane laMbANapUrvaka artha Ama karI zakAya che -"eTale (nItinA) pAyAne ( nItiniyamena) ane (siddhAMtane tathA niyata kramane anusarIne) prakArane vigatavAra upadeza karavAnuM kAma saMghe karavAnuM che." khUhalara sAhebe ukta vAkyane artha Avo karyo che -"vaLI, zabdane tema ja hetune anusarIne prArthanAmAM je yogya che te sarva saMpradAyanA guruo ane sAdhue upadezaze." e vAkayane khare artha karavAno prayatna have ApaNe karaze. prathama to e savAla Ubhe thAya che ke, ahIM "yuta' zabdane artha zuM thAya che? A zilAlekhamAM prathama e zabdane je artha thAya che te ja artha ahIM paNa levAne che, e dekhItuM che. rajajuke ane prAdezika amaladAre hatA; ane yukatone temanI sAthe sAthe ja gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che tethI teo paNa amaladAro ja hevA joIe. e amaladAre kevA prakAranA hatA, e ApaNe joI gayA chIe. "saMta" zabdano artha enArta sAhebe ane buhalara sAhebe anukrame "nimakaharAma" ane "je egya che te " karela che te A rIte bhAMgI paDe che. bIjo savAla e che ke, je "' zabdane atha enArta sAhebe "saMdha karyo che ane khUhalara sAhebe " saMpradAyanA guruo ane sAdhuo" karyo che te "v ar" zabdano artha zuM che? eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, azekanA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM paNa risa' zabda vaparAyela che. ApaNe pachIthI zuM tema zrIyuta ke. pI. jayasvAle khAtrI karI ApI che ke, ukta zilAlekhamAM e zabdano artha "maMtrImaMDaLa" thAya che. A artha ahIM barAbara baMdha bese che; kAraNa ke, kharI rIte maMtrImaMDaLa ja yukatane AjJA ApI zake. have "jAna' zabdano vicAra karavAnuM rahe che. tene artha "gaNatrI che. ApaNe prathama joI gayA chIe ke, "pazcacatAne ane "japamAMDatAne saguNa keLavavAne upadeza karavAnI AjJA azeke potAnA amaladArAne karelI che. paNa loko A vyavahAra sadaguNane keLave che ke kema, e zI rIte nakkI karavuM ? AvuM nakkI karavAnA hetuthI keTalAka amaladAree gheraghera tapAsa karavI joIe ane dareka gRhasthAzramIe keTalo kharca karyo ane keTalo saMcaya karyo, enI gaNatrI temaNe karavI joIe. paNa badhAM kuTuMbane lAge

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261 paDI zake tevo sarvasAdhAraNa niyama ghaDavAnuM azokane azakya lAgyuM tethI karIne tevA amaladArane jyAre jyAre muzkelI naDe tyAretyAre temane salAha ApavAne hukama pariSadane teNe karyo hate. [ 8 ] bhASAMtara lAMbA samayathI ghaNAM, seMkaDo varSothI sajIva prANIone vadha, bhUtanI hiMsA, sagAMsaMbaMdhInI sAthe ayogya vartana ane brAhmaNonI tathA zramaNanI sAthe ayogya vartana mAtra vadhatAM gayAM. paNa have dene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAnA dharmAcaraNanA pariNAmamAM lekane vimAnanAM darzana, hAthIonAM darzana, agnisaMcaya ane bIjA divya rUpa batAvAyA pachI Dhelane avAja dharmane avAja banyo che.' pahelAM ghaNuM, seMkaDo varSathI nathI thayuM tema have dene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAnA dharmopadezathI prANIone vadha na kare te, bhUtanI hiMsA na karavI te, sagAMsaMbaMdhInI sAthe cagya vartana, brAhmaNanI ane zramaNonI sAthe yogya vartana, pitAnuM ane mAtAnuM kahyuM mAnavuM te, meTerAMnuM kahyuM mAnavuM te vadhyAM che. A ane bIjI aneka rIte dharmAcaraNa vadhyuM che, ane dene lADake priyadarzI rAjA A dharmAcaraNa vadhAraze paNa kharo. priyadarzI rAjAnA putra, pautro ane prapautre aMtakALa sudhI A dharmAcaraNane vadhAraze, (ane) dharma tathA zIla pALIne dharmane bodha Apaze; kAraNa ke, dharmane bodha uttamottama karma che, ane azIla manuSyathI dharmAcaraNane poSavAnuM kAma) thatuM nathI. AthI karIne A arthanI vRddhi thAya ane temAM kaI UNapa rahe nahi, e uttamattama che. A hetuthI - jema ke, (mArA vaMzajo) A arthanI vRddhi karavAnI yojanA kare ane kAMI paNa UNapa na jaNAya teTalA mATe- A (dharmalipi) lakhAvavAmAM AvI che. devene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAnA rAjyAbhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM hatAM tyAre A lakhAvavAmAM AvI hatI.

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262 TIkA 1. A vAkyane artha jUdI jUdI rIte karavAmAM Avelo che. e badhI jAtanA arthanA be bhAga paDI zake che-(1) pRthvInI uparanA padArthone uddezIne karelA artha; ane (2) AkAzI banAvane uddezIne karelA artha. senApta sAhebe ane byulara sAhebe pahelA prakArane artha karelo che, ane karna sAhebe tathA keTalAka vakhata sudhI hulla sAhebe bIjA prakArano artha karelo che (ja. 2. e. sI., 1911, pR. 785 ane AgaLa). pahelA prakArane artha vadhAre svAbhAvika hevAthI svIkArI zakAya te che. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare senAta sAhebathI tathA khuhalara sAhebathI jUdA paDIne A ja artha che. a, 1913, pR. 25 ane AgaLa) karelo che, ane hu sAhebe emano artha mAnya rAkhe che (i. a, 1913, pR. 651 ane AgaLa ). ukata vAnA judA judA arthe ahIM prathama ApaNe ApazuM. kana sAhebane artha Ama che-"paNa have levA-daza priyadarzI rAjA dharmAcaraNa kare che tyAre tenAM Dhelane avAja gharmAcaraNa ghoSa karanAre vaDA che, ane denA rathanAM darzana ane daivI hAthIonAM darzana tathA AganA daDA ane bIjA divya nizAnanAM darzana lokone thayAM che." (I. a, 5, 262.) senAta sAhebane artha Ama che-" paNa have devAne lADake piyadasi rAjA dharmAcaraNamAM vizvAsa rAkhatuM hovAthI teNe Dholane avAja jANe ke (khuda) dharmane avAja che (evI rIte) tene paDagho pADayo che, ane ratha, hAthI, mazAlo ane bIjA divya daryo dharAvatI svArIonAM darzana kene karAvyAM che." (i. aM, 10, 84) gRhalara sAhebano bartha Ama che-"paNa have dene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAe dharmAcaraNa karyuM tenA pariNAmamAM Dholane avAja- kaho ke, dharmane avAja- saMbhaLAya che, ane devanA rathanAM darzana, hAthIonAM ane bIjAM divya dAnAM darzane lokone karAvavAmAM AvyAM che." (e. che, 2, 467. ). zrIyuta de. ra. bhAMDArakare pitAne artha prasiddha karyo tyArapachI zrIyuta esa kRNusvAmI AyaMgara nAmaka lekhake ukta vAkyanI carcA karelI che (ja. oN. e. se, 1915, pR. 521; I. a, 1915, pR. 203). temaNe ene artha Ama karyo che -"paNuM have hevAna-priya

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263 priyadarzIe dharmAcaraNa karyuM tenA pariNAmamAM, ahe! Dhelane avAja mAtra dharmane avAja banyo che; svArInA ratha, hAthIo, AtazabAjI, vagerenuM je dazya lokone batAvavAmAM AvyuM che te devanuM dazya che." A artha ekadama svIkArI zakAya tema nathI; kAraNa ke, "vA izabdathI ema spaSTa thAya che ke, je vimAna, dufetana ane niSa azake batAvelAM te jini pati' hatAM. AvuM hoIne pRthvInI uparanAM svArInAM ratha tathA hAthIo ane AtazabAjI te na hoI zake. epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe paNa "galiMka zabdano artha "AtazabAjI " karyo che (ja. ze. e. se, 1914, pR. 395); paNa AtazabAjI UDAvyAthI temAM dharmAcaraNa kevI rIte utpana thaIne vRddhine pAme, e teNe batAvyuM nathI. ukta vAkayanA spaSTArthane mATe juo pR.114-116 ane pR. 125-126. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare pitAnA lekhamAM (I. e, 1913, pR. 25 ane 11) mAtra vimAna' zabdane ja saMtoSakAraka khulAse Apela che. A kAme temaNe pAlibhASAnA "vimAnavaju" nAmaka graMthanI pratye ApaNuM dhyAna kheMceluM che. ' ratana' zabdane ane "ji " (athavA ghotiSa) zabdane khulAse paNa e ja graMthamAMthI maLI Ave che. A graMthamAM ema kahyuM che ke, je leke dhArmika jIvana gALe che te paikInA keTalAka loko parabhavamAM "vimAna(daivI mahela) meLave che tema ja "hitana'(ekadama ghaLA daivI hAthI) pAme che (pR. 4, lITI. 1, pR. 56, lITI 16 ane 35) ane "jiaSa" athavA jatiSa" [ vIjaLInA je caLakatA cahere (pR. 1, lITI 9) ane tArA (rU. 7, lITI 28) tathA agni (pR. 12, lITI 33)] prApta kare che. devI ghoDAo tema ja vahANa vagere je vastuono ullekha e ja "rimAnavajI" nAmaka graMthamAM karelo che (pR. 12, lITI 28; 5. 4, lITI 21) te vastuone samAveza "mAni divyAni parimAM thAya che. 2. " rada (saMvataMkalpa)ne mATe juo ja che. e se, 1911, pR. 85, TIkA 1.

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264 [5] bhASAMtara devone lADa priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -kalyANa karavuM agharuM che. je kalyANa Adare che te agharuM kAma kare che. have meM ghaNuM kalyANa karyuM che. mArA putra, pautra ane temanI pachInA mArA vaMzAje tene anuvartaze te teo puNya karaze; paNa A bAbatamAM je (pitAnI pharajana) aMza paNa tyajaze te pApa karaze. kharekhara, pApa karavuM saheluM che.' have, pUrve ghaNA vakhatathI dharmamahAmAra na hatA. mArA rAjyAbhiSekane tera varSa thayAM tyAre meM dharmamahAmAtro nImyA. dharma sthApavAne mATe, dharma vadhAravAne mATe, ane dhArmika kenA hitasukhane mATe sarva pASAmAM temane kAme lagADelA che. yavanonA, kabajenA ane gaMdhAnA tema ja paraMparAgata rASTrikAnA ane pazcima kAMThAnI pAsenA bIjA lekanA dezamAM teo nekara banelA brAhmaNonA ane gRhapationA tathA anAthonA ane vRddhonA hitasukhanuM tema ja dharmika lekAne baMdhanamAMthI mukta karavAnuM kAma (paNa) karI rahyA che. kedakhAnAmAM pUrAelA (keI paNa isamone dhaNAM saMtAne hoya ke kanaDagata thatI hoya ke ghaDapaNa AvyuM hoya to tene nANunI madada ApavAnuM ke tene baMdhanamAMthI mukta karavAnuM athavA tene choDI mukavAnuM kAma teo kare che. mArA jhanAnAmAM athavA pATaliputramAM ke bahAranAM zaheramAM rahetAM mArAM bhAibahenanI ane bIjAM sagAMsaMbaMdhInI pAse sarvatra teo kAma kare che. je dharmiSTha isama dharmane anusarato hoya ke dharmanuM dhAma hoya ke dAna karanAre hoya tenI pAse teo mArA mulakamAM sarvatra kAma kare che. evA hetuthI A dharmalipi kotarAvI che ke, te cirasthAyI bane, ane mArI prajA (mana) anuvarte.

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265 TIkA 1. dharmamahAmAtranI nImaNuka karyAne ullekha je vAkyamAM karyo che te vAkyanI ane A zilAlekhanI zarUAtanA bhAganI vacce koI saMbaMdha na hoya tema te bannene jUdAM pADavAne zirasto paDI gayo che. paNa Ama karavAne kAMI ja artha nathI. judA judA bhAgane joDanAre kedrIbhUta vicAra azokanI dareka gharmalipimAM jovAmAM Ave che. AthI karIne AgaLanA bhAganI ane pAchaLanA bhAganI vacceno saMbaMdha sacavAya tevI rIte azokanI dharmalipinuM bhASAMtara karavAnuM che. e rIte jotAM "DhA' athavA yAna" zabdano artha "suta" ke "sAruM kAma" nathI thatuM, paNa ahika tema ja pAralaukika "sukha" athavA "bhaluM thAya che. azoka kahe che ke, AvA prakAranuM ghaNuM sukha teNe sAdhyuM che ane pitAnA putrane tathA pautrane ane vaMzajone tene potAne anusarIne cAlavAne upadeza teNe karyo che. A pharaja aMzataH adA karavI na joIe, paNa te pUrNaze adA karavI joIe: evo Agraha teNe karele che; kAraNa ke, pApa- eTale ke, aihika athavA pAralaukika duSkRta- manuSyanA bhAge svAbhAvika rIte Ave che. AvuM hevAthI manuSya- ane temAM paNa te rAjA hoya te te khAsa karIne temAMthI mukta rahI zakato nathI ane tethI rAjAe te aMzane paNa tyAga karyA vagara pitAnI prajAnI pratyenI potAnI pharaja pUrNaze adA karavI joIe. manazaharanI ane kAlazInI tathA dhavalInI nakalamAM "pape hi nAma supala"i vaMcAya che tene artha "pApane sArI peThe dUra karavuM joIe che? thAya che, ema zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara mAne che. azoka pachIthI kahe che ke, potAnI prajAnuM utpA' (ahika tema ja pAralaukika sukha ) sAdhavAne lagatI pitAnI yojanAnI pUravaNI tarIke teNe pote dharmamahAmAnI yojanA karI hatI. ApaNe hamaNAM ja kahezuM tema A bane rIte lokonuM kalyANa sAdhavAnuM kAma e dharmamahAmAne soMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. tyA'nI ane "pApa'nI vacceno bheda pitAnA trIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM azeke darzAvela che. 2. dharmamAM mAtra eTale "dharmane avekSaka: ema khulara sAheba kahe che (e. i., 2, pR. 167). smitha sAhebe tene "dhama tapAsaNa

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kAmadAra' kahyo che ("azeka", pR. 168). e zabdanuM bhASAMtara karavAnI jarUra ja nathI. e mULa zabdamAM je artha rahyo che te tenA bhASAMtaramAM UtArI zakAya tema nathI. azokanA samayanI pahelAM ghaNuM mahAmAtro hatA; paNa dharmamahAmAtra(dharma vadhAranArA mahAmAtro)nI prathama yojanA karanAra te te pite ja hato. 3. A zilAlekhanI jUdI jUdI nakalamAM- ane temAM paNa khAsa karIne giranAranI nakalamAM paMgutasaM' zabdanI pachI- sagI avyaya "ra" ne manamA upaga thaye che tethI karIne A vAkyaracanA sahelAIthI samajI zakAtI nathI. tema chatAM paNa zrIyuta de. ra. bhAMDArakaranA mate A vAkyane bhAvArtha evo che ke, azokanA mulakamAMnA badhA "pAraMz' ane dharmayutonI sAthe dharmamahAmAtrane saMbaMdha hate. "nA arthane mATe juo pR. 157. "paMkhaputa' zabda traNa prasaMge A zilAlekhamAM vaparAelo che; ane dareka prasaMge tene jude jAdo artha khuhulara sAhebe karelo che. senArta sAhebe karelI TIkAno (i. e, 1891, pR. 239, TIkA 30ne) javAba ApI zakAya tema lAgatuM nathI. "dharmayukta" eTale "(barA) dharmanA nimakaharAmaema teo kahevA mAge che. paNa tene artha "dharmathI yukta athavA dharmiSTha" karo, e vadhAre sAruM che. thomasa sAhebe tene artha "dharmakhAtAnA amaladAra" karyo che (ja. . e. se, 1915, pR. 102-103), ane smitha sAhebe tene artha " dharmanA tAbedAra " karyo che ( "azeka," pR. 170 ). teo "dharma-yukta" zabada mAne che; paNa "dharmayukta" zabda teo mAnatA nathI. paraMtu A rItanA saMbaMdhamAM vAMdho UThAvI zakAya tema che. prathama te, pite dharma-yutanI yojanA karyAnuM koI paNa sthaLe azoke kaheluM nathI. teNe temanI yojanA karI hota to potAnI dharmalipiemAM dharmamahAmAtrane ullekha teNe karela che tema temane ullekha paNa teNe karyo ja heta. e jAtanA amaladAro ane samayanI pahelAMnA samayamAM hayAtI dharAvatA hatA, evuM anumAna karavAne kAMI paNa kAraNa nathI. vaLI, rAjAnI prajA tarIke "paMjayuta' na hatA, paNa teo rAjAnA amaladAre hatA, te pachI dharmayukatanA hitasukhane mATe ane temane dharmopadeza

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267 karavAne mATe gharmamahAmAtre zA kAraNe kALajI rAkhe che, e ja samajI zakAtuM nathI. taduparAMta azekanA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM kahyuM che tema, rajaju dhamaputa jJana'ne dharmopadeza karatA hatA. ahIM thayutArIne artha azokanA "dharmane je loke anusaratA hoya te lake" ja thaI zake che. dharmamahAmAnI pharaja be prakAranI hatI-(1) lonuM ahika hita sukha sAdhavAnI pharaja; ane (2) lokenuM pAralaukika hitasukha sAdhavAnI pharaja. juo pR. 63 ane AgaLa, tathA pR. 132 ane AgaLa. 4. byulara sAhebe "paraMta' zabdanI pachI virAmacila mukavAnI sUcanA karI che, ane vana-vojha-iSADhA ne saMbaMdha tenI pahelAMnA vAkayabhAganI sAthe temaNe joDe che. paNa enArta sAhebe ane zrIyuta. de. rA. bhAMDArakare e zabdone tenI pachInA vAkyabhAganI sAthe joDayA che. che. e., 1891, pR. 240, TakA 30 mAM Ama karavAnAM kAraNe ApelAM che. yena ane kAja tathA gaMdhAra vagere lake keNa hatA, e jANavuM hoya te jue pR. 27 ane AgaLa. 5. guhalara sAhebe (vI. e. ja., 12, pR. 76mAM) kahyuM che tema jJAmi ' zabda ane tenA vividha pATha pAlisAhityamAMnA "mahAnAradakassapa-jAtaka" nAM nidAna traNa sUtromAM jovAmAM AvatA "harima" (troja) zabdanI sAthe barAbara maLatA Ave che. bhAgyamAM A samAsamAMnA "ma' zabdano artha "gapati' karyo che. te zabda je samAjasaMdhane mATe vaparAya che te pR. 166mAM darzAvavAmAM AvyA che. (giranAranI nakalamAMnA) matamaya athavA (zAhabAjhagaDhInI ane manaharanI tathA kAzInI nakalamAMnA) madamA" athavA (dhavalInI nakalamAMnA) maTima' zabda zilAlekhonA abhyAsIone bahu gUMcavyA che. temaNe tenA judAjudA artha karelA che. senA sAhebe "adama' zabda mAnIne sipAIo ane laDavaiyAo" artha karyo che. khUhalara sAhebe "kA zabda mAnIne "bhADutI kare" artha karyo che. ke sAhebe "mA " zabda samajIne "nekare ane ghaNuo" artha karyo che. zrIyuta de. rA..

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268 bhAMDArakare buhalara sAhebane abhiprAya mAnya rAkhe che. ahIM "ma" zabdano artha "laDavaiyAo te na hoI zake. giranAranI nakalamAM "mA" pATha che te Avo artha thatuM aTakAve che. vaLI, "mAM" zabda "ma na heI zake, kAraNa ke, tema hota to zAhabAjhagaDhInI ane mazaharanI nakalamAM "a" zabdamAM repha kAyama rahyo hota. AthI karIne ukta samAsane svAbhAvika rIte saMskRta bhASAnA "mRtamaya' samAsanI barAbara gaNI zakAya che. zrIyuta de. rA.bhAMDArakare grAma' zabdanA vizeSaNa tarIke "tama' zabdane gaNyA che, ane e banne zabdonuM bhASAMtara "nekara banelA brAhmaNo ane gRhapatio" ema temaNe karyuM che. ahIM brAhmaNavarNanI ane vezyavaNanI badhI ja vyaktione ullekha thayo nathI, paNuM manAtha(anAtha)nI ane vahU gharaDA)nI sthitinA jevI jemanI sthiti hoya temane ja ullekha thaye che. keTalAka brAhmaNa ane vaizya AvI sthitimAM AvI gayA haze ke kema, e bAbatanI zaMkA rAkhavAnuM kAraNa nathI. hAisa DeviDjha sAhebe kahyuM che ke, "khetI karatA ane govALiyA tathA bakarAM cAranArA tarIke nokarI karatA brAhmaNone ullekha ghaNA prasaMge thaele che" ("buddhisTa iDiyA", pR. 57). AvI sthiti bhogavatA gRhapationA saMbaMdhamAM juo phikakRta "seziyala Agenijhezana, eTa seTerA" (bhASAMtara), pR. 255-256. 6. dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA jUdA jAdA zilAlekhe paikInA pahelA lekhamAM aze ke amuka prakAranA pitAnA amaladArene evI cetavaNI ApelI che ke, prajAmAMnI keI paNa vyaktine "" ke "pariveza' na thAya, e teNe jevuM joIe. e ja lekhanA chevaTanA bhAgamAM evI cetavaNuM pharIthI ApatAM azoke rivaNa' zabdane ane vaphA" zabdano upayoga kare che. e rIte jotAM "rivo' zabda "vaMdha" zabdane maLato ja hovo joIe. tene artha "hAthakaDI" karI zakAya. ja. re. e. se, 1915, pR. 99-106mAM thomasa sAhebe ApelA UtArAmAM paNa e zabdane barAbara e ja artha bese che. giranAranI nakalamAM rizeSa' pATha che tenA saMbaMdhane

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269 khulAse ApatAM thomasa sAhebe vAgye ja kahyuM che ke, te vakhatanI rUDhine laIne ja e be zabdonI vacce goTALo thavA pAmela che. 7. A samAsane artha karavAmAM senA sAheba ane zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara maLatA thAya che. unAvamAMnA "ka" zabdano artha buhalara sAhebe "dehAMtadaMDa" karyo che. A zilAlekhanI badhI nAmAM va" zabda ja che. "vaSa' zabda tenI keI paNuM nakalamAM jovAmAM AvatA nathI. "vava " " e niyama azokanI dharmalipione te lAgu paDatuM ja na hatuM. A samAsanuM saMskRta bhASAnuM rUpa dhanavaze' che, ane tene artha 'baMdhanathI baMdhAelAno" (eTale ke, "kedakhAnAmAM pUrAelAne') thAya che. azakanA AThamA mukhya zilAlekhamAM "DiviyAna zabda vaparAyo che teno artha (nANAMnI vahecaNI athavA madada thAya che, ane e arthe ahIM barAbara bese che. myulara sAheba kahe che ke, mira' zabda "mizra dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thaelo che. jAtaka, 4, 121, 2" mAM "miAiti' zabdano artha "harAve che' ke kanaDe che" thAya che, ema teNe batAvI ApyuM che. enAthI jAdo paDate artha ja bi. e. pI. se., 1918, pR. 144-146 mAM ApavAmAM Avelo che te jijJAsue joI le. 8. A vAkyanA keI paNa bhASAMtaramAM pUrvApara saMbaMdha barAbara samajapUrvaka jaLavA nathI. dharmamahAmAtroe karavAnA je kAmane ullekha A vAkyamAM kareluM che te kAmane khare prakAra jANavo hoya to juo 5. 63-65 [ 6 ].. bhASAMtara devone lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-pUrve kAmane nikAla thato nahi ane sarva samaye samAcAra apAtA nahi, (e sthitine ghaNo samaya vItI gayo che, AthI meM Ama karyuM che -huM bhojana karato houM ke jhanAnAmAM uM, zayanagRhamAM heuM ke darabArI

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ra70 ghoDAramAM houM, ghoDe beThI houM ke udyAnamAM houM tyAre paNa samAcAra ApanArA lokee lokAnAM kAmathI mane vAkepha karavo. lekAnAM kAma huM sarvatra karuM chuM. vaLI, (hukama) ApavAnI ke saMbhaLAvavAnI bAbatamAM huM je kAMI meDhethI pharamAvuM tenA saMbaMdhamAM, athavA to vaLI mahAmAtranA upara kAMI mahattvanuM kAma AvI paDe tenA saMbaMdhamAM maMtrImaMDaLamAM kAMI matabheda paDe ke te radabAtala thAya to sarvatra ane sarva samaye tenA samAcAra mane turata pahoMcADavA, evuM pharamAna meM karyuM che. (mArI) jahematathI ane (mArA) kAmanA nikAlathI mane kadi paNa saMtoSa thato nathI; kAraNa ke, AkhI duniyAnuM hita mArA mate mAnabharI pharaja che. vaLI, tenA mULamAM jahemata ane kAmane nikAla rahelAM che. AkhI duniyAnA hitathI vadhAre umadA pharaja bIjI koI nathI. vaLI, je kAMI jahemata huM UThAvuM chuM te evA hetuthI ke, bhUtonI pratyenA RNamAMthI huM mukta thAuM, temAMnA keTalAkane ahIM sukhI kare ane teo paralokamAM svarge pahoMce. A dharmalipi evA hetuthI meM lakhAvI che ke, te lAMbA vakhata sudhI TakI rahe, ane mArA putro tathA patro AkhI duniyAnA hita mATe jahemata uThAve. paNa atizaya parAkrama vagara Ama karavuM agharuM che. 1. "vara' zabdane khare artha hajI nakkI thayo nathI. senA sAhebe tene artha "khAnagI snAna karyo che. buhUlara sAhebe tene artha "jAjarU" karyo che. smitha sAhebe teno artha "pAyakhAnuM" karyo che. senAta sAhebe ane byulara sAhebe saMskRta bhASAnA vara' zabdamAMthI e zabdane vyutpanna karyo che; paNa " varane artha to mAtra " meluM (gU) thAya che. zrIyuta ke. pI. jayasvAle (i. e. 1918, pR. 53-55mAM) yogya ja kahyuM che ke, "pate jAjarUmAM hoya tyAre samAcAra ApavAno hukama ke paNuM samaju rAjA samAcAra ApanArA pitAnA amaladArone kare nahi."

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271 thAya che te karanAranI ". zrIyuta vitemaNe "la temaNe ema paNuM kahyuM che ke, "kUka' zabdanA arthavALe 'va' zabda ahIM vaparAya che. "ka" ne "" zI rIte thAya? bhASAzAstrane lagatI e mukelIne khulAso karatAM temaNe kahyuM che ke, azokanA teramAM mukhya zilAlekhanI zAhabAjhagaDhInI nakalamAM " vrati " zabadanA badalAmAM "brati' zabda vaparAya che eTale ka" ne " thaI zake. temaNe ema paNa batAvyuM che ke, kauTilyakRta arthazAstra"mAM traNa sthaLa 'dra' zabda vaparAelo che, ane tyAM tene artha "ghoDAo ke 2 vagere Dherene samUha" thAya che. azokanA bAramA mukhya zilAlekhamAM "vacami (raNacheranI jamInane upari-amaladAra) gaNavAmAM Avelo che. juo V. papa. paraMtu zrIyuta ke. pI. jayasvAle tene jAdo ja artha karelo che. temanI sUcanAne svIkAra karavAmAM mAtra eTalo ja vAMdho naDe che ke, bhASAzAstrane lagatI muzkelI pUrepUrI dUra thatI nathI, kAraNa ke, A sthaLa ' ne ? thAya che te te mAtra zAhabAjhagaDhInI ane manaharanI nakalanI ja khAsiyata che, ane tethI giranAranI ane bIjI nakSamAMnA "vara' zabdane "traka zakha tarIke svIkArI zakAto nathI. zrIyuta vidhuzekhara bhaTTAcArya zAstrIe paNa "vara' zabdane trA" zabda gaNyo che, paNa temaNe "brajJa" ne artha "mArga" karyo che (i. eN, 1920, pR. pa6). teo kahe che ke, pharavA jatAM rAjA pite raste cAlato hoya tene ullekha ahIM thayo che. 2. byulara sAhebe vinIta' zabdane vinIta' gaNyo che, ane tene artha "pAlakhI" temaNe karyo che. zrIyuta ke. pI. jayasvAle (. e, 118, pR. 53 mAM) kauTilyakta "arthazAstramAM vaparAelA vinA zabda tarIke tene gaNyo che, ane temaNe tene artha "lazkarI kavAyata " karyo che, ane "arthazAstra"mane eka phakare pitAnA matanA samarthanamAM temaNe UtAryo che. temaNe karelo artha svIkArI zakAya tema nathI, ema kahIne tenAM kAraNe zrIyuta rAdhAgoviMda vasake (I. a, 1919, pR. 1415mAM) ApelAM che. zrIyuta vasake vadhArAmAM ema batAvI ApyuM che ke, amarakeza" (2, 8, 45)mAM "vinotA puladina" vAkaya che, ane tene artha "vinIte sArI rIte vahI janArA athavA sArI peThe

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ra7ra keLavAelA ghoDAo che" thAya che. medinI"mAM "vinIta: kuvA cAta" vAkya che te Ane puSTi Ape che. e ja zabdamAMthI nItara zabda vyutpanna thayo che, ane "amarakeza" mAM tene artha "pvlA" Ape che. "vinItanI (sArI peThe keLavAelA ghoDAonI) joDIothI kheMcavAmAM AvatuM koI paNa vAhana: etene artha thato lAge che. zrIyuta vidhuzekhara bhaTTAcArya zAstrIe (I. a. 1920, pR. 55 mAM ) batAvI ApyuM che tema, "manijhamanikAya'mAM kahyuM che ke, kosalane rAjA pasenadi zrAvastIthI nIkaLIne sAketanI dizAmAM jato hato tyAre tenI sAthe tenA sAta "za-vinata" hatA. AvA "ravinIta' amuka amuka aMtare thANAmAM rAkhavAmAM AvatA, ane AgaLanA thANe pahoMcatAM pAchaLanA thANunA "ravinIte ane chUTA karavAmAM AvatA. A "za-vita" zuM haze? "rathane mATe keLavela De': e tene artha karavo, e vadhAre sAruM thaI paDaze. zabdakozamAM vinIta' zabdane je artha karavAmAM AvyuM che te ja artha Ama sAbIta thAya che. 3. A zilAlekhamAM sauthI vadhAre mahattvane zabda "jillA (=Sita) che. senA sAhebe tene artha "bauddhasaMgha" karyo che, ane khuhalara sAhebe tene artha "koI paNa jAtinI ke saMpradAyanI samiti" karyo che. kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra"mAM "maMjhiSita" zabda che tene maLatA A zabda che, ema zrIyuta ke. pI. jayasvAle kahyuM che (che. a.. 1913, 282 ane AgaLa); ane te ja kharuM lAge che. A zilAlekha bezaka rAjyavyavasthAne lagatA hevAthI temAM A zabda vaparAya che te yogya ja che. paraMtu A zabdane tema ja A vAkyane judo ja artha jANa hoya te jue ja. e. se. beM, 1920, pR. 331 ane AgaLa. A zabdanA mahattvathI UtaratA mahattvane zabada niti' che. azekanA sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM paNa te zabda vaparAelo che. azokanA cothA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM tema ja dhavalInA ane cAvagaDhanA judAjudA zilAlekhe pikInA pahelA lekhamAM A zabdane dhAtu paNa vaparAela che. dhavalInA ane bhAvagaDhanA jAdAdA zilAlekhe paikInA pahelA lekhamAM e zabdano artha "vicAravuM" thAya che; paNa cethA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM tene artha "dila

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273 pIgaLAvavuM" thAya che. azokanA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM ane sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM uparane artha vadhAre baMdhabese che. AthI karIne ahIM "nitine artha "radabAtala karavuM te karI zakAya che. A phakarAnA pUrNAthane mATe juo pR. 57 ane AgaLa. 4. buhalara sAhebe "mahAbhArata"nA " zAMtiparva emAMthI rA ' ne lagatA pleke (adhyAya 58,laka 13-16) UtAryA che te dekhItI rIte bahaspatikRta " arthazAstra"mAMthI ApavAmAM AvelA che. temAM sarva rAjAone parizrama" karavAnuM kahevAmAM AveluM che. kauTilyakRta arthazAstra"mAM paNa ema ja kaheluM che.(pR. 39). [ 9 ] bhASAMtara devone lADake priyadarzI rAjA Icche che ke, sarva pASaDe sarvatra vase; kAraNa ke, teo badhA ja saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi icche che. paraMtu loke vividha chaMdanA ane rAganA hoya che. teo (pitAnI pharaja ) pUrNaze agara alpAMze adA karaze. paNa je manuSyane AtmasaMyama, bhAvazuddhi, (kRtajJatA ane bhakti) nathI te puSkaLa dAna karatA hoya te paNa kharekhara nIca manuSya che. TIkA 1. A zilAlekhanuM chevaTanuM vAkya samajatAM jarA muzkelI naDe che. navA athavA "ni zabdane artha ane tenI zakti barAbara samajAya te ja e vAkya barAbara samajI zakAya tema che. bulara sAhebe tene artha Ama karyo che -"paNa je nIca manuSyane mATe puSkaLa dAna paNa azakya che tenI bAbatamAM AtmasaMyama, bhAvazuddhi, kRtajJatA ane daDhabhakti prazaMsanIya che. paraMtu A artha TakI rahI zakato nathI. tenuM paheluM kAraNa to e ke, "nirA' zabdane atha nIca nathI thatuM paNa "nIca manuSya" 18

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274 thAya che. tenuM bIjuM kAraNa e ke, giranAranI nakalamAMne niva' zabda "nivA" hoI zake nahi. tenuM trIjuM kAraNa e ke, ahIM "vAda' zabda avyaya tarIke nathI vaparAya paNa vizeSaNa tarIke vaparAya che, ane tene artha "prazaMsanIya " to thaI ja zakato nathI. epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebane anusarIne smitha sAhebe ukta vAkayane artha Ama karyo che -"je manuSyane mATe puSkaLa dAna azakaya che tene mATe AtmasaMyama, bhAvazuddhi, kRtajJatA ane daDhabhakti, e sadguNa to taddana Avazyaka thaI paDe che." AthI karIne ema samajAya che ke, thremasa sAhebe naimittikA (prasaMge pAtta) zabdanA virodhamAM ninitya' zabda gaNune tene artha "zayamanuM athavA atyAjya karyo che. kharuM jotAM ahIM "nira' zabda "nitya' zabdanA arthamAM vaparAye heta te nidAna kAlazInI ane dhavalInI tathA yAvagaDhanI naklamAM "niti sabda vaparAya che. vaLI, A zabda vizeSaNa tarIke vaparAya heta to AgaLanA zabda "ji-mastitAnI sAthe baMdhabesata nivA' zabda A zilAlekhanI badhI nakalamAM jovAmAM Avata. giranAranI nakalamAM nivA' zabda che ane bIjI nakalomAM nira' zabda che. e ja ema batAvI Ape che ke, "nivA' zabda pahelI vibhaktinuM bahuvacana che, ane "ni' zabda pahelI vibhakitanuM ekavacana che. giranAranI nakalamAM ekavacana vALA "cA" zabdanI sAthe bahuvacanavALe "niro zabda vaparAya che tethI kAMI gabharAvAnuM nathI; kAraNa ke, azakanI dharmalipiomAM AvI jAtanA goTALAnI kAMI navAI nathI. dAkhalA tarIke, azokanA pAMcamAM mukhya zilAlekhanI giranAranI nakalamAMnuM A vAkya juo - "ta mama putA ca potrA ca paraM ca tena ve mama apaca Ava saMvarapa anuvati tathA at turta jAti." e zilAlekhanA A vAkayamAM bahuvacanavALA "anuvati' kriyApadane ane ekavacana vALA jAti kriyApadane kartA eka ja che. ApaNuM A zilAlekhamAM azaka ema kahevA mAge che ke, "saMyama' ane "rakri '

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ra75 atyuttama saguNe hevAthI dareka vyaktie temane vikAsa pitAnAmAM karo joIe. vaLI, dareka saMpradAyanA nItiniyamemAM A sadguNone samAveza karelo hoya che. keI saMpradAyanI kaI vyakti e badhA nItiniyamo pALe ke kema, e bAbata zaMkAspada che. paraMtu nidAna ukta be sadguNo te dareka vyaktie keLavavA joie. tevI vyakita tema na kare to te game teTaluM dAna kare te paNa tethI tene badalo vaLI raheto nathI. A zilAlekha azokanA bAramAM mukhya zilAlekhanI nakala hoya ema lAge che. e zilAlekhamAM azake spaSTa rIte kahyuM che ke, " vati ' (vAvArikavAphasaMyama) ane pArakAne saMpradAyanA nItiniyamo zIkhavAnI tatparatA tene potAne jeTalAM ucca lAge che teTalAM ucca sAna' ane "gar' tene potAne lAgatAM nathI. ApaNA A zilAlekhamAM paNa ame tamane jeTaluM mahattva ApyuM che teTaluM mahattva "vArane ApyuM nathI. vari ' zabdane tema ja "mAghasupi' zabdane uddezIne ja "rA' zabda ahIM vaparAelo che. pArakAnA saMpradAyanI pratye ayogya lAgaNI darzAvAtI hoya tene dUra rAkhavAnA hetuthI ja "mArA i (hRdayanI zuddhi) zabda ahIM vaparAele che. | [ 8]. bhASAMtara (lAMbA) kALanA daramyAnamAM rAjAo vihArayAtrA karavA jatA. ahIM zikAra ane evA ja bIjA abhirAma thatA. have devone lADake priyadarzI rAja pitAnA rAjyAbhiSekane dasa varSo vItyAM tyAre saMbodhi(bodhivRkSa)nI kane gayo. Ama A dharmayAtrA (sthApita thaI). ahIM A thAya che -brAhmaNa ane zramaNa sAdhuonAM darzana ane temane dAna, vRddha lokeAnAM darzana ane temane sonAnAM dAna, ane prAMtanA lokeAnAM darzana ane temane dharmopadeza tathA temanI sAthe dharmanI carcA. tyArathI dene lAke priyadarzI rAjA bIjI kSetramAM 3 A (prakAra)ne abhirAma karato Avyo che.

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276 "" TIkA 1. mahAbhArata "mAM vihArayAtrAnuM varNana kareluM jovAmAM Ave che. jue pR. 17 ane AgaLa. 2. ahIM 'gAya saMvoSTi'nA artha samajavA mahu ja adharo thaI paDe che. A bAbatanA vividha pADhapheranA tema ja zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakaranA anA saMbaMdhamAM jIe iM. a, 1913, pR. 159 ane AgaLa. 3. taropa' zabda " taupota " (tyArapachIthI) zabdanAM badalAmAM vaparAelA che, ema mAnIne cAlavAnA rivAja paDelA che. nidAna dhavalInI ane yAvagaDhanI nakalamAM taddopariyA' zabda vaparAvA joitA hateA, evI AzA ApaNe na rAkhI zakIe ? byulara sAhebe 'mane ane a bhUtakALanA AnaMdanA badalAmAM ' karyAM che. [ 9 ] bhASAMtara devAne lADakA priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe cheH--mAMdagImAM, lagnaprasaMge,1 putralAbhanA prasaMge ane musApharImAM lAkA aneka (zubha) magA kare che. A ane AvA khIjA prasaMge leAkA aneka maMgaLA kare che. paraMtu A bAbatamAM strIjAti dhaNAM ane ghaNI jAtanAM, (paraMtu) kSudra ane arthahIna maMgaLA kare che. alabatta, maMgaLA tA karavAM joie. paNa AvI jAtanuM maMgaLa thADuM ja phaLa Ape che. paraMtu je dharmamaMgaLa che te ahu phaLa Ape che.? emAM dAsanI ane halakA vanI pratye yeAgya vartaNuka (ane) guruone mATe sanmAna sArAM (gaNAya che), prANIonI bAbattamAM AtmasaMyama sArA (manAya che). A ane AvI bIjI (bhAkhata) ja dharmamagaLa che. tethI karIne pitAe, putre, bhAie, svAmIe, (mitre athavA oLakhItAe eTaluM ja nahi, paNa pADeAsIe) kahevuM joie ke, " A sArUM che.

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277 e hetu saphaLa thAya tyAMsudhI A maMgaLa karavuM joIe; ane te karavAmAM Ave tyArapachI huM te pharIthI saphaLa karIza." | ( giranAranI ane dhavalInI tathA yAvagaDhanI nakala) vaLI, ema kahevAya che ke, "dAna sAruM che." paNa dharmadAnanA jevuM bIjuM kAMi paNa dAna nathI. tethI karIne mitre, sahAnubhUti rAkhanAre, sagAe athavA gAThiyAe vividha bAbatomAM paraspara Ama kahevuM joIe -"A dharma che. A sAruM che. AthI svarga meLavI zakAya che." AvI rIte svargane meLavavuM, enA karatAM vadhAre sAdhavAyogya bIjuM zuM hoI zake? (kAzInI ane zAhabAjhagaDhInI tathA manaharanI nakala) kAraNa ke, ahIMnuM dareka maMgaLa saMzayavALuM che. kadAca te e hetune saphaLa kare ane kadAca te A lokamAM na rahe. paraMtu A dharmamaMgaLa kALavaza nathI. te e hetune A lekhamAM saphaLa karatuM nathI to paNa paralemAM te anaMta puNyane prasare che. paNa te e hetune saphaLa kare che te A lekamAMne e hetu, ane e dharmamaMgaLathI paralokamAM anaMta puNyanI prApti, e bane ahIM sadhAya che. 1. "mavAda-vivAda' zabdane mATe juo "dIghanikAya," 1, 99. 2. A zilAlekhanA vividha bhAganI samajutIne mATe juo pR. 107 tathA 161 ane 165. 3. mAtra kAlazInI ane zAhabAjhagaDhInI tathA manaharanI nakalamAM A javAmAM Ave che. (ja. oN. e. se, 1913, pR. 654) [ 17 ]. bhASAMtara devone lADake priyadarzI rAjA yazane ke kIrtine bheTe artha sAdhanAra mAnatA nathI-sivAya ke, vartamAna kALamAM ke bhaviSyamAM

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ra78 leka dharmane sAMbhaLe ane dharmavRttane AcAramAM muke. A ja bAbatamAM devone lADake priyadarzI rAja yaza ke kIti icche che. devane lAke priyadarzI rAjA je kAMI jahemata uThAve che te (sarva) paralekane uddezIne che-zA mATe ? darekane jema bane tema ocho parisara thAya teTalA mATe. paNa je apuNya che te parisTava che. paNa atizaya parAkrama ane sarvanA parityAga vagara nIca ke ucca varganA (adhikArIo)thI Ama thavuM muzkela che. paraMtu ucca (varga)thI to tema thavuM vadhAremAM vadhAre muzkela che. TI 1. tAva=vartamAnakALa. sAti=bhaviSyakALa. vadhArA lAMbA vakhata sudhI. 2. azokanA bIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAMnA "mavasinanI sAthe "vpatrivane sarakhA. 3. azekanA trIjA mukhya rastaMbhalekhamAM "I" ke "mArinA? ullekhavAmAM Avela che te "pu' heI zake. 4. ApaNe prathama kahI gayA chIe ke, rAjAoe ane amaladAree "parama' karavuM joIe, evI bhalAmaNa kauTilyakta "arthazAstramAM karelI che. eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavA jevuM che ke, teNe pote tathA tenA putreAe ane pautrae 'parama' karavuM joIe, ema teNe potAnA chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhamAM kahyuM che tevI ja rIte ApaNuM A zilAlekhamAM teNe kahyuM che ke, tenA pitAnA amaladAree parAkrama karavuM joIe. AthI karIne azenA pahelA gauNa zilAlekhanI sAthe A be zilAlekhone sarakhAvI zakAya tema che. 2. A zilAlekhanI giranAranI nakalamAM ja jana' zabda che. bAkInI bIjI badhI nakalamAM tene badalAmAM "vana' zabda che. paraMtu badhI nakalamAM A zilAlekhanI zarUAtanA bhAgamAM gA' zabda che. AthI ema spaSTa

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ra79 thAya che ke, giranAranI nakalamAM bIjA prasaMge vaparAelA 'no zabdano artha bIjI nakalamAM tenA badalAmAM vaparAelA "vana' zabdanA arthane maLate che. "va" eTale "varga che. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara ema mAne che ke, "adhikArI vargane ullekha ethI ahIM thAya che. kAna thAya che ane saMbhaka tathA e vatana mAvA [ 11 ]. bhASAMtara devone lA priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-jevuM dharmadAnadharmane paricaya, dharmane bhAga ane dharmane saMbaMdha- che tevuM bIjuM keI dAna nathI. temAM Ama thAya che:-"dAsanI ane nokaranI sAthe yogya vartana, mAtApitAnuM kahyuM sArI rIte sAMbhaLavuM te, mitrone tathA oLakhItAne ane sagAMsaMbaMdhIne tathA brAhmaNane ane zramaNone yogya dAna (ane) sAro gaNAto prANIone avadha." pitAe, pu, bhAIo, svAmIe, mitre athavA oLakhItAe eTaluM ja nahi, paNuM pADesIe Ama kahevuM joIe -" A sAruM che, A karavuM joIe." e rIte tevuM karanAra A lokane ArAdhe che ane e dharmadAnathI paralokamAM anaMta puNya meLave che. [ 12 ] bhASAMtara devene lAzke priyadarzI rAjA sarva pAkhaMDanA lekene, sAdhuone ane gRhasthane dAnathI ane vividha pUjAthI ArAdhe che. paraMtu sarva pAkhaMDanA (lekAmAM) sAranI vRddhi thavI joIe, e dene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAne jevuM lAge che tevAM dAna ane pUjA lAgatAM nathI. paNa sAranI vRddhi ghaNuM jAtanI che. paNa tenA mULamAM vAcAgupti (vAsaMyama) che. kevI rIte? kAMI paNa kAraNa vagara pitAnA pArSane pUjo ke pArakAnA pAkhaMDane dhikkAra na joIe

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280 athavA (pArakAnA pAkhaMDane) phalANuM ane DhIMkaNuM prasaMge utArI pADavo na joIe. ethI ulaTuM, phalANuM ane DhIMkaNa prasaMge pArakAnA pAkhaMDane pUjavo joIe. ema karyAthI manuSya potAnA pAkhaMDanI vRddhi kare che ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDanA upara upakAra kare che. tenAthI UMdhuM karyAthI te potAnA pArSadane hAni kare che ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDanA upara apakAra kare che; kAraNa ke, pote pitAnA pAkhaMDane dIpAve, e hetuthI kevaLa potAnA pAkhaMDanI bhaktithI je kaI potAnA pAkhaMDane pUje che ane pArakAnA pAkhaMDane dhikkAre che te kharuM jotAM tema karyAthI pitAnA pArSadane sakhta hAni kare che. AthI karIne samavAya3 sAro che. kema ke teo ekabIjAnA dharmane sAMbhaLe ane vadhAre sAMbhaLavAnI IcchA kare teTalA mATe. devene lADakAnI A ja icchA che. zI ? badhA pASaDe bahuzrata ane kalyANasAdhaka thAya. jeo phalANuM ane DhIMkaNuM pAkhaMDathI prasanna hoya temane kahevuM joIe ke, "sarva pAkhaMDamAM sAranI vRddhi thAya ane paraspara vakhANa thAya, e devene lADakAne jevAM lAge che tevAM dAna ke pUjA lAgatAM nathI." A hetuthI dharmamahAmAtra, strIonA adhyakSa, vrajabhUmikA ane bIjA (amaladAronA) nikAyo vyApI rahyA che, ane tenuM phaLa A che-pitAnA pAkhaMDanI vRddhi, ane dharmanuM dIpana. TIkA 1. A zilAlekhane artha barAbara samajavo hoya te jue pR. 101 ane AgaLa. 2. " joti " ane "matinA zabdanI bAbatamAM sarakhAvo azekane sAtame mukhya zilAlekha. 3. "samavAya' zabda " ' dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thaelo che. te dhAtune artha "bhegA maLavuM" ke "ekaThA thavuM" thAya che. azoka

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281 ema kahevA mAge che ke, dA jAdA pADenA anuyAyIo ekabIjAnA paricayamAM Ave te pArakAne dharmamAMnI ghaNuM sArI bAbate teo zIkhe. 4. A amaladAranI pharajonI samajane mATe juo pR. 55 ane AgaLa. [ 13 ] bhASAMtara devone lADakA priyadarzI rAjAnA rAjyAbhiSekane ATha varSa thayAM tyAre kaliMga (deza) chatAyo hato. tyAMthI doDha lAkha mANase pakaDAyAM hatAM ane eka lAkha mANasa haNyAM hatAM, ane tenAthI aneka gaNuM mANasa marI gayAM hatAM. tyArapachI have e meLavelA kaliMga (deza)mAM devane lADakAnAM tIvra dharmapAlana, dharmecchA ane dharmopadeza thai paDayAM che. kaliMgane jItI levAthI devone lADakAne evI jAtanI dilagIrI thaI che. kharekhara, na chatAe (deza) chatAya che tyAre je vadha, maraNa ane apavAha (kedI karavAnuM kAma) thAya che tene devone lADakAe atizaya duHkhadAyaka ane zokAraka gaNyAM che. paNa tenA karatAM vadhAre zokakAraka te A gaNavAnuM che -temAM brAhmaNo tathA zrama ane anya pASaDa tathA gRhastha vase che temanAmAM moTerAMnuM kahyuM sAMbhaLavuM te, mAbApanuM kahyuM sAMbhaLavuM te, gurunuM kahyuM sAMbhaLavuM te, mitronI tathA oLakhItAnI ane gaThiyAnI tathA sagAMsaMbaMdhInI tema ja dAsenI ane nokarInI sAthe yogya vartana sthapAelAM che. AvA ( dharmiSTha) lokeAne tyAM (laDAImAM) aMgata mAraphADa, vadha athavA vahAlAM (mANase )ne tyAga thavA pAme che. vaLI, teo jIvanamAM TharI ThAma thayA hoya che je ane akhUTa prema dharAvatA hoya che te temanA mitrone, oLakhItAone, gAThiyAone ane temanAM) sagAMsaMbaMdhIne (tethI karIne ) duHkha prApta thAya che, (ane) tyAM e (du:kha ) temane aMgata mAraphADa karanAruM nIvaDe che. badhA lejhenA bhAge AvuM

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282 Ave che, ane devone lADakAe tene zokakAraka gayuM che. vaLI, yavanonA 3 deza sivAyano bIjo koI paNa deza nathI ke jyAM A nikAyo-brAhmaNa ane zramaNa- nathI; ane koI dezane e bhAga nathI ke jyAM eka ke bIjA pAkhaMDamAM lekone vizvAsa na hoya. kaliMgamAM jeo haNAyAM, maya ke pakaDAyAM temane ekasAme ke ekahajAramo bhAga paNa Aje 4 devone lADakAe zekAraka gaNo che. vaLI, kaI (tene) hAni kare te devone lADakAe jeTaluM zakya heya teTaluM badhuM khamI levuM joIe. vaLI, dene lADakAnA mulakamAMnAM jaMgala(nA loka)ne 5 te samajAve che ane teo (TA mArge jatA) aTake ema Icche che. devene lAke pazcAttApa kare che te paNa baLavAna che. (AthI karIne) temane kahevAnuM ke, "temaNe zaramanI lAgaNI darzAvavI joIe, ane temane hAni karavI na joIe." devone lADake sarva bhUtonI bAbatamAM ahiMsA, AtmasaMyama, niSpakSapAta ane namratA icche che. paraMtu A dharmavijayane devone lADakAe mukhyamAM mukhya vijaya gaNelo che ane te paNa devone lADakAe ahIM ane sarahadanA mulakemAM chase yojana dara jyAM aMtika nAmaka yavana rAjA vase che tyAM ane A aMtiyokanI pelI bAjue jyAM turamAya, atikina, maga ane alikasudara (alika suMdara alikazaka) (vase che) tyAM meLavyA che, ( tema ja) nIce jyAM tAmrapaNuM paryata cela lake, pAMya loke che tyAM, tema ja ahIM rAjAnA mulakamAM yavanomAM ane kaMbojomAM, nAkamAMnA nAbhapaMtIomAM, paraMparAgata bhajemAM, AMdhromAM ane puliMdemAM sarvatra teo dharmane lagatA devone lADakAnA upadezane anuvarte che. jyAM devane lADakAnA dUte jatA nathI tyAM paNa teo devone lADakAe dharmane anusarIne karelAM vidhAnane ane dharmopadezane sAMbhaLIne dharma pALe che ane pALaze. e rIte je vijaya

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283 meLavAya che te sarvatra prItirasathI bharela vijaya che. e prIti dharmavijayathI meLavAya che. paraMtu e prIti najIvI che. je paralekane lagatuM che tene ja dene lADakAe moTuM phaLa ApanAruM mAnyuM che. AthI A hetuthI A dharmalipi lakhAvI che ke, mArA putra ane pitro--game te hoya te paNa navIna vijaya meLavavA gya mAnIne tene vicAra na kare, ane bANunA che (upayoga)thI ja meLavI zakAtA vijayanA saMbaMdhamAM teo sahanazIlatA ane halake daMDa rAkhe, ane je dharmavijaya che tene ja (khare) vijaya teo gaNe. A lekane mATe tathA paralokane mATe te (sAruM) che. (temanI) badhI gADha prIti. parAkramanI prIti nIvaDe. A lekane mATe ane paralekane mATe te (sAruM) che. TIkA 1. 'adhunA' (have) zabdathI ane nIce cothI TIkAmAM ullekhelA maMA" ( Aje ) zabdathI ema spaSTa thAya che ke, kaliMgamAMnuM azokanuM tIvra dharmapAlana je samaye A zilAlekha lakhAyA hatA te samayane udezAne che. 2. "saMvidhA" no artha " jIvanakrama" athavA "jIvana jIvavAnAM. sAdhana' thAya che ("raghuvaMza," 1, 94). AthI karIne "ravihita ne artha "kAI paNa jIvanakramamAM sthira thaelA " laI zakAya. 3. "jona" zabda yavanalakAne uddezIne vaparAelo che; ane tethI je mulakAmAM teo vasatA te mulakone A lekhamAM pAchaLathI ullekhelA cavanarAjane mulAthI jUdA gaNavA joIe. yona-prAMtane samAveza azekanA sAmrAjyamAM thato hato, ema azokanA pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhanI uparathI samajI zakrAya che. 4. 'mA' zabdathI uparanI pahelI TIkAmAMnA nirNayane puSTi maLe che.

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284 5. A prAMtanI oLakhANa karavAne mATe juo pR. 41-43. 6. A nAmane mATe ane AnI pachInAM nAmone mATe juo pR. 26 ane AgaLa. 'navapu' zabdanA nAdA arthane mATe juo che. e, 1918, pR. 297. 7. sarasa kAphAcara (bANathI zakyo. pathavi=ArASa. tene paNa e ja artha che. ghaNuM karIne azaka ema kahevA mAge che ke, hullaDa thAya ane zastrabaLathI tene zAMta pADavAnI tene jarUra paDe to tevA prasaMge ahika vijayamAM nahi jevuM ja lohIlohANuM thavA pAme teTalA mATe tenA potAnA vaMzajoe bane teTalI sahanazIlatA dAkhavavI tema ja bane teTale halake daMDa karavo. [14]. bhASAMtara devene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAe A dharmalipio saMkSepamAM ke madhyamasara ke vistArathI katarAvI che. dareka sthaLe badhuM ja ekatrita karavAmAM AveluM nathI. rAjya kharekhara vistRta che; ane meM ghaNuM lakhyuM che tema ja huM ghaNuM lakhAvIza paNa kharo. vaLI, mAdhuryane laIne keTalIka bAbate pharIpharIne jaNAvavAmAM AvelI che. zA mATe? lake tene anuvarte teTalA mATe. paraMtu (aparicita) dezane vicAra karIne, athavA te TUMkANa karavAnA ( gya) kAraNe, athavA to lipiDAranA doSane laIne ahIM keTaluMka adhUruM lakhAyuM haze kharUM. 1 TIkA 1. chellA vAkyane artha nadIjudI rIte karavAmAM Avela che. khulara sAhebe tene artha Ama karyo che. paraMtu ahIM keTaluMka adhUruM lakhAyuM haze kharuM -pachI te jagyAnA kAraNe ho, ke khAsa nakkI karavAnA koI kAraNane laIne ho, ke lipikAranI bhUlane laIne ho. " smitha sAhebe tene artha Ama karyo che -" keI phakare naSTa thavAnA kAraNe ke gerasamajanA kAraNe - ke lipikAranA aparAdhathI kAMi adhUruM lakhAyuM haze kharuM."

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285 (2) sAta mukhya staMbhalekhe. [1] bhASAMtara devene lADakA priyadarzI rAjAe Ama kahyuM che mAre rAjyAbhiSeka thayuM tyArathI chavIsa varSe A dharmalipi lakhAvavAmAM AvI hatI. atizaya dharmaprema, atizaya parIkSA, atizaya zuzraSA (sevA), atizaya bhaya ane atizaya utsAha vagara A lekanI rapane paralekanI bAbate meLavavI agharI che. paraMtu mArA upadezathI tamArI prajAmAM) dharmanI A apekSA tathA A dharmaprema vadhyAM che ane divase divase vadhaze paNa kharAM. upalA, nIcalA 4 ke madhyavarganA mArA amaladAre paNa (e banne bAbatane ) anusare che, ane capaLa mananA lekene (dharmane) pALavAnuM mAthe levAnI bAbatamAM samajAvavAne yogya hovAthI teo (tevA lekene paNa) te (bAbato) meLavI Ape che. 5 sarahadI prAMtanA mahAmAtre paNa tema ja kare che. vidhi A che -dharmathI pAlana, dharmathI ( AjJAno) amala, dharmathI sukhasiddhi ane dharmathI rAja zAsana." TIma 1. "paDhIlA" eTale "parIkSA; manuSyanAM karma niyamAnusAra che ke nahi, enI parIkSA. juhU' ane 'maya' te alabatta rAjA priyadarzIne uddezIne che. '3nAda'nI bAbatamAM sarakhA azokane chaThTho mukhya zilAlekha tathA dhavalInA ane cAvagaDhanA nAdAjAdA zilAlekho paikIne pahelo lekha. alabatta A badhA guNe rAjAnA amaladAree pradarzita: karavAnA che. 2. " saMdipa =tipatha'. e ja zabdanuM piTipati rUpa A staMbhalekhanI AThamI lITImAM jovAmAM Ave che.

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286 * phuladipAvaze ne artha byulara sAhebe meLavavuM agharuM " karyo che ane mitha sAhebe " sAdhavuM agharuM " karyo che. 'raMparivArane artha khUhalara sAhebe "(mArI AjJAo ) amalamAM muke che " karyo che ane smitha sAhebe "e raste bIjAne dare che " karyo che. e ne e lekhamAM jUdA jUdAM be sthaLe vaparAelA e ne e zabdanA judAjudA be artha e bane vidvAnoe karelA che, e dekhItuM che. vaLI, eka prasaMge azokanI prajAne udezIne ane bIjA prasaMge tenA amaladArane uddezIne e zabda vaparAya che, ema teo mAne che. paraMtu e zabdane artha evI rIte karavAnuM che ke, banne prasaMge tene e ne e artha baMdha bese. A staMbhale bane chevaTane bhAga ema spaSTa kare che ke, azoke pitAnI prajAne uddezIne A lakhANa kareluM nathI, paNa sarva varganA pitAnA amaladArane udezIne AlakhANa teNe kareluM che. AthI karIne saMdipane artha "(lone ) meLavI ApavuM ' karavAnuM che. A lokanI tathA paralokanI bAbate lekene meLavI ApavI, ema kahevAne mudA . senA sAhebanA mate "phu-saMpApA ne artha "pUruM pADavuM agharUM" thAya che, ane "saMdipAvacaMti 'ne artha "sArA mArga ( lokena ) dore che" thAya che. amaladArene uddezIne vaparAelA e zabdanuM prayojaka rUpa temaNe gaNyuM che kharuM; paNa e zabdane e ne e ja artha temaNe karyo nathI. 3. "suvesu '="dararoja" athavA "divasedivase" (sarakhAve, "paMpa " 5, 229) ema senArti sAheba kahe che. 4. "jevA' zabda " saMskRta bhASAnA "kha" athavA g ' dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thaye che, ane "dhatupATha" tenI samajutI " hai " zabdathI Ape che. saMskRtabhASAne tene maLato zabda alabatta " " athavA " za' hatuM, ane tene zabdazaH artha garIba" athavA " dIna , thatuM hatuM " ema bulara sAhebe kahyuM che.

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5. "pa4ne artha alabatta "capaLa mananA leko che. "samAvata' zabda "samApati zabdanuM bhAvavAcaka rU5 che. "mAri ' zabda mAtA" dhAtunuM prayojaka rUpa che. cAIlDasa sAheba kahe che tema "tamAtAne artha "mAthe levuM athavA gaMbhIrapaNe kabUla karavuM, e thAya che, ane thoDA vakhatane mATe ke haMmezane mATe dharmopadezane alpAMze ke pUrNAze pALavAnA saMbaMdhamAM dhArmika vratane udezIne te vaparAya che." A artha ahIM bahu sArI rIte baMdha bese che. azeka ema kahevA mAge che ke, teNe pote karele dharmopadeza alpAze ke pUrNAze pALavAnuM mAthe levAnI bAbatamAM capaLa mananA lokone samajAvavAne tenA potAnA amaladAre zakitamAna athavA lAyaka che. [2] bhASAMtara devone lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -dharma sAre che. paNa dharma zemAM rahelo che ? (te AmAM rahelA che-) thoDuM pApIpaNuM, ghaNuM bhaluM, dayA, dAna, satya, zuddhatA. meM ghaNI rIte cakSudAna ApyuM che; (ane) bepagAM tathA copagAM prANIone tathA pakSIone ane pANImAM rahetAM prANIone prANanI dakSiNa ApavAnA eTale paNa vividha anugraha meM karyo che. vaLI, bIjuM puSkaLa bhaluM meM karyuM che. A hetuthI A dharmalipi meM lakhAvA che ke, teo (mane) anuvartI, ane te cirasthAyI thAya. 3 je Ama anuvartaze te sAruM kAma karaze. TIma 1. A staMbhalekhanI pachInA (trIjA) staMbhalekhamAM "afsana zabdane artha "r" zabdanA arthane maLa che. dasamA mukhya zilAlekhamAMnA ritra' zabdanI sAthe A zabdane sarakhAvI zakAya tema che. e zilAlekhamAM tene artha "mapu' zabdanA arthane maLatA che. e rIte jotAM, buhalara

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288 sAhebe e zabdane 'sanuM' dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thaelA gaNyA che, e khATuM Thare che; ane senArha sAhebe tene 'Abu' dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thaelA mAnyA che, e kharUM Dare che. e zabdanA kharA artha jANavA hoya teA jue pR. 117 ane AgaLa. 2. byulara sAheba kahe che ke, senAte sAhebe 'vastuvAne' zabdane vaghu rAne' gaNIne karelA artha TakI rAkatA nathI; kAraNa ke, parAvalaMbI va' ane 'ghu' zabdathI koi vAkya rasarU thaI zake nahi, ane mULa lekhamAM akSaro cAlu rIte lakhAelA che tethI temane e vAkAnA bhAga tarIke gaNI zakAya tema nathI." yulara sAhebe 'vastu nA artha "divya cakSu" karyAM che. paratu sAmAnya cakSu(AMkha)ne uddezIne e rAkhta vaparAyA che, ema mAnavuM vadhAre sArUM che. je khInnanI AMkha phADe tenI pAtAnI ja AMkhA phADavI ane je mIttanA dAMta pADI nAkhe tenA peAtAnA ja dAMta tADI pADavA, e zikSA pahelAMnA vakhatamAM karavAmAM AvatI tene uddezIne aroke ahIM" kahyuM lAge che. yuhalara sAhebe 'sA-pAna-vinAnA artha "prANanI dRkSiNA paNa" karyo che tenI sAthe A vAta baMdhabese che; paNa senAta sAhebe tenA artha temane pANInI dakSiNA paNa " karyAM che tenI sAthe A vAtane meLa maLI zakatA nathI. .. 3. pAMcamA ane chaThThA mukhya zilAlekhanA chevaTanA bhAganI sAthe Ane sarakhAvA. [ 3 ] bhASAMtara > 1 devAne lADakA priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe cheH( manuSya ) pAtAnAM sArAM kAmo ja dekhe che, ( ane potAnA manamAM vicAre che ke, ) me A sArUM kAma karyuM che. kAi paNa rIte 2 te ( peAtAnAM) pApa dekhatA nathI, ( ane peAtAnA manamAM vicAratA nathI ke, ) 'meM A pApa karyuM che athavA A tA kharekhara Asinava ( bagADa ) " <

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289 che. paraMtu A (evuM che ke, temAM) AtmaparIkSA 3 agharI che. tema chatAM paNa (manuSya) ATaluM dekhavuM joIe, (ane pitAnA manamAM vicAravuM joIe ke,) chaMda, niSpharatA, krodha, garva, irSA : e (durga)thI bagADa thAya che, ane (temanA) kAraNe huM mArI paDatI karuM."4 alabatta, ATaluM to dekhavuM joIe A ahIM mAre lAbha karI Ape che, ane A paNa e parakamAM mAro lAbha karI Ape che. " TIma 1. pAMcamA mukhya zilAlekhanI zarUAtanA bhAganI sAthe Ane sarakhA. 2. buhalara sAheba kahe che ke, jo mira= anAda', eTale ke, "jarA paNa nahi athavA koI paNa rIte nahi. 3. senA sAhebe kahyuM che tema, dila" zabda pAlibhASAnA vAna" (pratikSA ke AtmaparIkSA) zabdane maLatA che. "riddhimAnamAMthI cAIlDarsa sAhebe potAnA zabdakozamAM UtArelA phakare jevAnI bhalAmaNa senA sAhebe karI che. juo pR. 99 ane AgaLa. 4. senAta sAhebe " cA" zabdane "mane' zabdathI do gaNyo che ane tenI pachInA 'sTinena' zabdanI sAthe gaye che. paNu buhalara sAheba yogya ja kahe che ke, A staMbhalekhanI badhI nakale mAM e be zabdonI vacce aMtara paDelo hevAthI senA sAhebanI A sUcanA svIkAratAM harakata Ave che. "jimaNajita' zabdane mULa dhAtu dimAnaMti che, ane e dhAtune artha "bhAMDavuM thAya che? ema senA sAheba kahe che. myulara sAhebe pazvivikhyAmi' zabda mAnyo che; ane te vadhAre sAre che. pa. mAIkalsana sAhebe "manane artha "paNa karyo che te barAbara che. 19

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[4] bhASAMtara dene lAke priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che mArA rAjyAbhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAre A dharmalipi meM lakhAvI hatI. seMkaDo ane hajAre chavALA janenA upara meM rajajuke nImyA 1che. nyAyanI ane daMDanI bAbatamAM meM temane svataMtra banAvyA che. ? kema ? rajajuko vizvAsapUrvaka ane bIka vagara potAnI pharajo bajAve, prAMtinA lokonuM hitasukha sAdhe ane temano) anugraha kare teTalA mATe. je sukha ke duHkha Ave che tene teo oLakhaze, ane dharmayuktanI sAthesAthe prAMtanA lokone teo upadeza Apaze. kema? A lekamAM tathA paralekamAM teo sukha meLave teTalA mATe. rajajuke mArUM kahyuM karavAne Atura che. vaLI, rajajuke mAruM kahyuM karavAne Atura hoya che tethI (tAbAnA) amaladAro paNa mArI icchAne ane mArA hukamone mAna Apaze ane keTalAka (lAke)ne upadeza paNa karaze. kharekhara, "huziyAra AyA mArA saMtAnane UcheravA icche che," (ema pitAnA manathI vicArIne manuSya) potAnA saMtAnane haziyAra AyAne saMpIne jevI rIte vizvAsa rAkhe che tevI ja rIte bIka vagara, vizvAsapUrvaka ane gUMcavaNa vinA rajajuke pitAnI pharajo bajAvI zake teTalA mATe prAMtanA lekanA hitasukhane mATe meM temane nImyA che. A kAraNe nyAyanI ane daMDanI bAbatamAM meM rajukene svataMtra banAvyA che; kAraNa ke, A to ISTa che. zuM ? nyAyanI samatA ane daMDanI samatA. vaLI, mAre hukama te eTale sudhI paNa che ke, je leke baMdhanamAM baMdhAelA hoya, jemane daMDa thayA hoya ane jemane vadha thavAne hoya te lekene hakkathI ane mAtra pitAnA ja tarIke traNa divasa meM ApyA che. (e mudatamAM) kAM te (temanAM) sagAMsaMbaMdhIo temane jIvADavAne sArU keTalAka (ra )ne daMDa ocho karavAnuM kaheze, athavA te aMtane- eTale

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21 ke, (Atmika) vinAzane - aTakAvavAnA hetuthI teo paralekane lagatAM dAna Apaze ane upavAsa karaze; che kAraNa ke, mArI IcchA evI che ke, baMdhananA samayamAM paNa teo paralokanA sukhane meLavavAno prayatna kare, ane temAM vividha prakAranAM dharmAcaraNa, AtmasaMyama ane dAnazIlatA vadhavA pAme. TIkA 1. "zAyata' zabda sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhanI pahelI lITImAM tema ja dhavalInA ane cAvagaDhanA dAdA zilAlekhe paikInA pahelA lekhanI cethI lITImAM paNuM jovAmAM Ave che. "zAthattanI ane "bApunA vacce loke je geTALe kare che tene A dAkhala che, ema senAta sAhebe kahyuM che te kharuM lAge che. 2. "pinsa' nAmanI ane evAM bIjAM nAmanI dekhAdekhI karIne "satapati' (=Atmapatya) nAma yojavAmAM AveluM che. khUhalara sAhebe "samihAra' zabdano artha "sanmAna" athavA "pAritoSika karyo che. temaNe batAvyuM che ke, " jAtaka, pu. 5, pR. 58, . 143"mAM ane "pR. 59, lITI 28 "mAM jovAmAM AvatA e zabdano artha bhAgyakAre "pUjA' karyo che. paNa senA sAhebe batAvyuM che tema, A staMbhalekhamAM pAchaLathI eka bAjue "millAddha' tathA "hiMda' zabda ane bIjI bAjue vi4i -ramatA' ane 8-ramatA" zabda vaparAyA che tethI te zabdanuM maLatApaNuM spaSTatAthI sAbIta thAya che. AthI "mitta' zabdane ane "cava ' zabdano artha eka ja hovo joIe. vaLI, ahIM " zabdanI sAthesAthe ja tenA virodhamAM thayadA' zabda vaparAya che tethI "cAra' zabdano artha mAtra amuka na hoI zake, paNa mukaddamAnI nyAyapUrvaka tapAsa haI zake. vyavahAranI ane daMDanI bAbatamAM rajune svataMtra karavAmAM AvelA, ema kahIne aze zuM kahevA mAge cheH e prathama ApaNe kahI gayA chIe. juo pR. 66-68.

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ra92 '' zabda "Azcara' dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thaele che. epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe tene lagatI neMdha lakhI che tene mATe juo ja. . e. se. 1915, pra. 106 ane AgaLa. 3. A staMbhalekhamAM "uMmayurana ja viyovaripati = kAnapaDyuM che tene sAtamA mukhya staMbhalekhamAMnA " ja de 4 pasTivAtha kane paMmapuranI sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tema che. AthI karIne ema spaSTa thAya che ke, A staMbhalekhamAM "uMmapuoNra' zabda che tene artha byulara sAhebe "dharmane anusarIne" karyo che tevo nathI paNa senA sAhebe "dharmayukatanI sAthesAthe" karyo che tevo che. 4. senA sAhebe "yaMti' zabdane sudhArIne "rAMti' zabda vAMcyo che. A rIte svIkArI zakAya tema nathI, kAraNa ke, A staMbhalekhanI badhI nakalamAM "dhati' zabda ja che. byulara sAhebe kahyuM che ke, saMskRtabhASAnA "se' teo tatpara che athavA Atura che) zabdanI uparathI 'pati' zabda vyutpana thaelo che. paraMtu senA sAhebe divati' zabdane khare zabda 'rivati' (seve che ke mAne che) kahyo che te barAbara che. bIjA mukhya zilAlekhanA aMtabhAgamAM giranAranI naksamAM pfmA ' zabda che tenI sAthe bIjI nakalomAMnA rimA ' zabdane sarakhA. 5. buhalara sAhebe "nAni' zabdane "puDhiAni' zabdanI sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvate "jJAna" tapuruSa samAsa mAnyo che, ane teno artha temaNe IcchA jANanArA (chA) karyo che. senA sAhebe tene kaMkasamAsa mAnya che (iMca sAkSa ); ane te "dikSitinuM kama che, ema temaNe kahyuM che. AvA arthanI sAme vAMdhe UThAvatAM khuhalara sAhebe kahyuM che ke, nArijAtinA "AkArAMta zabdanAM rUpe nAnyatarajAtinA "akArAMta zabdanAM rUpanA jevAM thatAM hoya, evo eka paNa dAkhala nathI. paraMtu azekanI dharmalipiomAM jAtione moTo geTALe thaele che, e to ApaNe jANIe chIe. rU5nAthanA gauNa zilAlekhamAM

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263 4 zabda kharI rIte skiA' zabda hoya tevI rIte tenAM rUpa apAyo che. A dAkhalo bahu spaSTa che; paNuM tema chatAM te eka ja dAkhalAmAM narajAtinA "akArAMta zabdanAM rUpo nArijAtinA "AkArAMta zabdanAM rUponA jevAM karavAmAM AvelAM che. te ja pramANe A cethA mukhya staMbhalekhamAM paNa nArijAtinA "AkArAMta zabdanAM rUpo nAnyatarajAtinA "akArAMta zabdonAM rUpanA jevAM karyA che te ApaNe kema na svIkArI laIe? vaLI, A staMbhalekhanI badhI nakAmAM "kani' zabdane "pujirAti' zabdathI chUTe pADele che; paNa nidAna eka nakalamAM te tene rijiyati' zabdanI sAthe joDelo che. A hakIkta ema batAvI Ape che ke, "inAni' zabdane saMbaMdha vizeSaNa tarIke urjini ' zabdanI sAthe nathI, paNa dikSitti' zabdanI sAthe kama tarIke teno saMbaMdha che. ApaNe senA sAhebanI paddhati svIkArIe te tene artha paNa spaSTa che. upalA varganA amaladAra gaNutA rajuke azokanuM kahyuM kare te pachI nIcalA varganA amaladAre(purakSAH)e tema karavuM ja joIe. paraMtu myulara sAheba ApaNane ema samajAvavA mAge che ke puruSa nIcalA varganA amaladAre hatA te chatAM paNa rajue temanA dAkhalAnuM anukaraNa karavuM joIe. senA sAheba "vapati' zabdane "dhati" zabda gaNe che, ane tene vikasiM ( saMbhALa le che)nI mAphaka "jJAti' zabdanuM badalAeluM rUpa teo mAne che. grIarsana sAheba chattIsagaDhI bolImAM vaparAtA vA' (unnata thavuM) dhAtunI uparathI tene vyutpana thaelo gaNe che, ane saMskRta bhASAnA varNa' (javuM) dhAtune mULa dhAtu teo gaNe che. (ja. pA. Te. se. 1891-897, pR. 28 ane AgaLa). karna sAhebe g" kriyApadanI samajutI hiMdIbhASAne "rAjA" kSiApadathI ApI che. khuhUlara sAhebe A abhiprAya mAnya rAkhyA che ane vadhArAmAM temaNe kahyuM che ke, hiMdustAnanI badhI dezI bhASAomAM "vAdazabda jovAmAM Ave che tethI karIne te AryabhASAnA jUnA zabdasaMgrahamAMne zabda hovuM joIe.

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6. ' zabdane saMbaMdha saMskRta bhASAnA "jata' zabdanI sAthe kana sAhebe joDa che, ane yurepIya vidvAnoe teno artha "mahetala karyo che. paraMtu pauta' zabdano artha "mahetala nathI thatuM. "hakathI mANasanuM kevaLa potAnuM kAMIka': e tene artha thAya che. A artha ahIM baMdhabesatA nathI, ema te na kahI zakAya. azeka ema kahevA mAge che ke, je gunegArone motanI sajA thaI hoya teo hakkathI maherabAnInA traNa divasa mAgI zake. 7. A staMbhalekhamAMnuM A vAkaya sauthI vadhAre muzkela che. senAta sAhebe teno artha Ama karyo che -"mArA amaladAre temane cetavaze (niparisi) ke, temaNe vadhAre ke ochuM nathI (nAtivani) jIvavAnuM (kavitA ). temanA potAnA jIvananI maryAdA ()nI bAbatamAM AvI rIte cetavavAmAM AvelA niSavyatA) teo pitAnA bhAvi jIvana(TDhavAmA)ne vicAra karIne dAna (vA) kare (Ati) athavA upavAsa kare (3ghavA vA gichati)." khUhalara sAhebe tene artha Ama karyo che "temanAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIo (jAti) temanAmAMnA keTalAka(vAna)ne UMDe vicAra karavAnI pharaja pADaze (niSaparihati), ane e lokenI jIMdagI bacAvavAnA hetuthI (kavitA tAna) athavA to je (gunegAra)ne vadha thavAnuM che tene (nAta) chaDe vicAra karavAnI pharaja pADavAnA hetuthI piyitA) teo paralokanA vicArathI dAna karo athavA upavAsa karaze." byulara sAhebe potAnA e arthanI samajutI Ama ApI che-traNa divasanI mahetalanA daramyAnamAM paralakanA vicAramAM potAnuM mana parovavAne lagate upadeza gunegArane tenAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIo karaze, ane gunegAranI jIdagI bace evI AzAthI athavA te nidAna jene vadha thavAne heya tenuM haiyuM pIgaLe ane svarganI dizAmAM vaLe evI AzAthI teo dhamadAna (lajIne lAMca nahi) Apaze athavA upavAsa karaze." thoDAM varSanA pahelAM zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare "ema. e.nA varganA vidyAthIone A vAkayane artha Ama samajAvyo hate -"temanAM sagAMsaMbaMdhIo temanAmAMnA keTalAkane potAnI jIMdagI bacAvavAnA

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295 hetuthI dharmane vicAra karavAnI pharaja pADaze nilapati ), ane nara thatA (manuSya)ne (nArata) vicAra karavAnI pharaja pADavAne sAru teo paralokane vicAra karIne dAna Apaze tathA upavAsa karaze." te vakhate temanA kahevA muddo e hatuM ke, tenA dharmane anusaranArA je gunegArone vadha thavAnuM hoya temane ja te traNe divasanI mudata maherabAnInA rAhe ApatA hatA. ja. bi. e. pI. se. (6, 318 ane AgaLa)mAM prasiddha thaelA lekhamAM A ja artha svIkAravAmAM Avelo jaNAya che. paraMtu have zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakara e vAkyane jude ja artha kare che; ane te A che -"(ene vadha thavAne heya) temanI jIMdagI bacAvavAnI bAbatamAM (temane) sagAMsaMbaMdhIo (rajajukomAMnA) keTalAkanAM dila pIgaLAvaze; athavA te aMta Ave eTale ke, nAza thata-aTakAvavAne teo paralokano vicAra karIne dAna Apaze athavA upavAsa karaze." nipajAti' zabdane je artha karavAmAM Ave tenA upara A vAkyanA arthane ghaNe AdhAra rahe che. epha. Dabalyu. thomasa sAheba (ja. . e. se, 1916, pR. 120 ane AgaLa)ne anusarIne ApaNe " " dhAtu laIe te zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakare prathama Apelo artha yogya gaNAya. paraMtu "aghara-jAtaka"mAMnA be kesamAM ("jAtaka" pu. 4, le. 332 mAM ane 334mAM) A zabda vaparAelo che, e hakIktanA tarapha lyuDasa sAhebe ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM che. emAM e WiApadano artha pIgaLAvavuM" ke "aTakAvavuM thAya che, ane rAjAoe karelI sajAne khAsa uddezIne eka prasaMge te zabda vaparAelo che. A artha vadhAre sArI rIte baMdha bese che, ane e rIte A vAkyane artha vadhAre svAbhAvika nIvaDI zake che. vaLI, pitAnA dharmanA kAraNe azoka nyAyanA hetune paNa naSTa karate, evo je Arepa azokanA upara mukavAmAM Ave che te AthI dUra thAya che. 8. senA sAhebe niSaki pi sthitine artha "kedI, tarIkenI mudatamAM karyo che. khuhalara sAhebe teno artha "kedanA daramyAnamAM paNa" karyo che. lyuDarsa sAhebe tene artha "(niSati na hovAthI) mRtyakALa nakkI thaI ja cUka hovA chatAM paNu" karyo che (ja. oN. e. sa. 1916, pR. 123). sarakhAvo, "manusmRti" 8, 310.

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[5] bhASAMtara dene lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che mArA rAjyAbhiSekane chavIsa varSa vityAM tyAre A prANIone 1 avadhya gaNavAmAM AvyAM hatAM-jema ke, popaTa, sArikAo, lAla cakravAke, 2 haMsa, naMdimukho, gelaTe, cAmAcIDiyAM, meTI kIDIo, kAcabIo, hADakAM vagaranI mAchalIo, vedaveya, gaMgApapuTake, saMkucio ("sTeiTsa' nAmaka mAchalIo), kAcabAo ane sAhuDIo, sasalAMnA jevI khIsakelIe, bAraziMgA, chUTA mukAelA sAMDha, gharanI jIvAta, geMDA, gheLAM kabUtara, gAmaThI kabUtara, ane vaparAtAM ke khavAtAM na hoya tevAM badhAM copagAM prANIo. bakarIo ke gheTIo ke DukkarIo gAbhaNI hoya ke dUdhALI hoya to temane vadha karavo ayogya che, ane che mahinAnI ummara sudhInAM temanAM keTalAMka baccAM paNa avadhya che. kUkaDAnI khAsI karavI nahi. jIvavALA cUlAne bALavuM nahi. tephAnamAM ke jIvahiMsAne mATe jaMgalane bALavAM nahi. jIvane jIvathI poSavA nahi. traNa RtuonI pUnamanA 5 ane taiSanI pUnamanA arasAmAM traNa divasenA- (e pakhavADiyAnI ) caudasanA (ane) pUnamanA ane (pachInA aThavADiyAnI ) pratipadAnA- daramyAnamAM ane khAsa karIne upavAsanA divase e mAchalIne vadha karavo nahi. e ja divasemAM hAthIvanamAM ane mAchalInA athANAmAM A ane bIje prANIone vadha karavo nahi. (dareka) pakhavADiyAnA AThamA ane caudamA tathA paMdaramA divase, (ane) tiSya ane punarvasu divasee ( tathA) traNa RtuonI pUname ?(AvA) sArA divasoe godhAnI khAsI karavI nahi; bakarA, gheTAM, Dukkara ane evAM bIjAM (je prANuo)ne khAsI karI hoya temane khAsI karavI nahi. tiSya ane punarvasu divasoe (tathA) RtuonI pUname, ane RtuonI

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pUnamane lagatAM pakhavADiyAMmAM ghaDAone ane baLadone cihna karavAM nahi. mArA rAjyAbhiSekane chavIsa varSa vItyAM te samayamAM meM pacIsa baMdhanamakSa karyA che. TIkA 1. rAta eTale kharuM jotAM janmela chava che. ahIM tene artha "prANuo' karelo che. 2. "nane judA nAma tarIke gaNavAmAM AvyuM che. paNa jema "ajarA -mache ane saluna-mache che tema kahuna-jIvA' gaNIne "ahura" zabdane varavAnA vizeSaNa tarIke gaNave, e vadhAre sAruM che. 3. A staMbhalekhamAM jIvonI je jAdI jadI jAte gaNAvavAmAM AvelI che temanA saMbaMdhamAM "meyara Apha dhI ezirmeTika sosAyaTI opha beMgala, pu. 1, aM. 17" tarIke prAsaddha thaelo zrIyuta mane mehana cakravatI kRta "animalsa ina dhI Iskripzansa opha piyadasi" (piyadasinI dharmalipiomAMnAM prANuo) nAmaka laghulekha vAMcavAthI phAyado thAya tema che vaLI, sarakhA " manusmRti, 11, 136130." eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhavAnuM che ke, je prANuo khavAtAM na hoya ke upayogamAM levAtAM na hoya te prANIonA ja vadhanI baMdhI azoke karelI che. AthI karIne kadrane artha "cAmAcIDiyAM karavo joIe kAraNa ke, cAmAcIDiyAMnuM mAMsa khAvAmAM vaparAtuM nathI. vaDavALane mATe te zabda vaparAelo gaNuM zakAya nahi; kAraNa ke, halakA varNanA loko vaDavALanuM mAMsa khAya che kharA. byulara sAhebe "va-pasTivane artha "meTI kIDI" karyo che te yogya ja che. saMskRta bhASAne pisTi' zabda pAlibhASAmAM "iiNi' zabda banI jAya che. ati (saMskRta bhASAnA kut) zabdano artha "amuka jAtanI kAcabI' thAya che"manadi (saMskRta bhASAnA nahi ) zabdano artha "hADakAM vagaranuM" thAya che. senA sAhebe

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298 ane khuhalara sAhebe "ciMgaTara(pAna)ne hADakAM vagaranI mAchalI tarIke oLakhAvelI che. bAga-Ine zabdazaH artha "saMkecAI zake tevI mAchalI thAya che ane tethI tene artha " phAra mAchalI" karavAmAM Avela che. "pada (saMskRta bhASAnA "mAzabdano artha sanAta sAhebe "kAcaba" karela che. "raya (saMskRta bhASAnA "phArya) zabdano artha "sAhuDI" thAya che. janatAne zabdazaH artha "jhADanAM pAnaDAMmAM rahetuM sasalAnA jevuM prANI" thAya che, ane buhalara sAhebe tene "mArI, dhoLA peTavALI, rAtI khisakelI" tarIke oLakhAvI che. evI jAtanI khisakelIo pazcimaghATanAM jaMgalomAM jovAmAM Ave che, ane temanI cAmaDI sasalAnI cAmaDInA jevI hoya che. sima ( brija) zabdano artha "bAraziMgA" (haraNa) thAya che. "hA zabdano artha "sAMDha - mukAela ane tethI mArI nAkhI na zakAya e sAMDha -thAya che. senA sAhebe piMDa' zabdane sabaMdha "mAla"mAMnA hiMdunI sAthe joDe che. e prANuo sAdhuonA anAjane khAI jAya che, ema kahevAya che. buddhaSa kahe che tema, "bilADIo, UMdare, pATalA ane neLiyA" evAM prANIo che. A artha barAbara baMdha bese che; kAraNa ke, A prANIo khAvAnAM kAme vaparAtAM nathI tema temane bIje kAMI upayoga paNuM thatuM nathI. teo gharamAMnA anAjane nukasAna kare teTalA ja kAraNe temane koI mArI nAkhavA na joIe. bhArata' (pAlibhASAnA pracAra athavA purata) zabdane artha De' thAya , ema byulara sAhebe kahyuM che. juo pR. 162 ane AgaLa. 4. dina' zabda kharuM jotAM ni ' che, ane "paSaNathI viruddha arthamAM te vaparAya che. dekhItI rIte ahIM azaka je prANIonAM cAmaDuM, vALa, pIMchAM vagere jarUranAM na hoya te badhAM prANIone tema ja je khavAtAM na hoya temane vadha karavAnI baMdhI karavA mAge che." juo 5. 137 ane AgaLa.

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299 5. "vatumati' (saMskRtabhASAne "vAtu ) zabda traNa RtuonI grISma RtunI tathA zaradda RtunI ane hemaMta RtunI- pUnemane mATe vaparAelo che. dareka RtunA pahelA mahinAnI pUnamane mATe te zabda vaparAya che. tirA nimAra taiSa athavA pAse mAsanI pUnema che. ratha' zabda bauddhapAlibhASAnA "" zabdanI ane jenalekanI prAkRta bhASAnA rada zabdanI vacce zabda che. te brAhmaNanA parvane maLato che, ane dareka pakhavADiyAne AThame ane paMdaramo divasa te darzAve che. e rIte azoke A pa6 divasee mAchalInA vadhanI baMdhI karelI hatI -(1) traNa RtuonA dareka pahelA mahinAnA ane taiSa athavA pisa mahinAnA chacha divase-sudanI AThama tathA caudasa ane pUnema ane vadanI pratipadA ane AThama tathA amAsa- maLIne kula 24; (2) bAkInA ATha mahinAnA cAracAra divase dareka pakhavADiyAnI AThama tathA pUnama ane amAsa-maLIne kula 32. ekaMdare 24+3rapa6 divase e mAchalI vecavAnI ane mAravAnI baMdhI azeke karI hatI. 6. rAjAo vividha prasaMge baMdhanameNa kare che- eTale ke, kedakhAnAmAMnA kedIone mudatanA pahelAM TA kare che. khAsa karIne rAjAnA janmadivase Ama karavAno rivAja che. kauTilyakRta "arthazAstra" (pR. 149)mAM kahyuM che ke, potAnA janmadivase rAjAe bALakedIone ane gharaDA kedIone tema ja rAgI kedIone ane nirAdhAra kedIone choDI mukavA joIe. A artha ahIM barAbara baMdha bese che. tenuM paheluM kAraNa to e ke, A staMbhalekha sarvasAdhAraNa vadha aTakAvavAnA hetuthI nahi paNa manamAnya ane anAvazyaka vadha thatuM aTakAvavAnA hetuthI lakhAele levAthI tamAma kedIone chUTA karavAnuM temAM kaheluM na gaNuM zakAya, paNa jemane kedamAM rAkhyAthI manamAnI ane anAvazyaka 2tA thavA pAme te kedIone ja thyA karavAnuM temAM kaheluM gaNI zakAya. tenuM bIjuM kAraNa e ke, chavIsa varSanI mudatamAM pacIsa prasaMge baMdhanamela karavAmAM Avela tethI, azokanA janmadivase baMdhanamakSa thatuM, ema gaNI zakAya che. vaLI, AthI karIne

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300 ema paNa sAbIta thAya che ke, azekanI dharmalipiomAM je varSo ullekhavAmAM AvelAM che te tenA rAjakALanAM vItI gaelAM varSo nathI, paNa te tenA rAjakALanAM cAlU varSa che. (jue pR. 10. ) [ 5 ] bhASAMtara devone lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che mArA rAjyAbhiSekane bAra varSo vItyAM tyArathI meM lokeAnA hitasukhane mATe dharmalipio lakhAvI che te evA hetuthI ke, te (AcAra)ne cheDI daIne (amaladAre) A ane te dharmavRddhi paze. 1 "AmAM lekenuM hitasukha (che),' (ema samajIne) huM AnAnI tema ja pAsenAnI mArAM sagAMsaMbaMdhInI mAphaka tapAsa rAkhuM 2 chuM. ema kema ? (lekemAMnA) keTalAkane huM sukhI karuM teTalA mATe. huM te pramANe vartu . Ama huM (amaladArenA) badhA vargonI tapAsa rAkhuM chuM. badhA pASaDene meM vividha pUjAthI pUjyA che; paNa (bIjA pAkhaMDanI pratye) pitAthI vaLavuM, 3 ene ja meM mukhya gayuM che. mArA rAjyAbhiSekane chavIsa varSa thayAM tyAre meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI che. TIkA 1. lane mATe ja. e. se. beM, 1920, pR. 336-337 mAM prasiddha thaele zrIyuta haritakRSNa devane lekha juo. A kriyApadane kata nivAra che. e zabda pAchaLathI vaparAele che paNa ahIM te adhyAhata rahelo che. "nivAra' zabda bAramAM mukhya zilAlekhanA aMtabhAgamAM paNa jovAmAM Ave che. tene artha " amaladArenA vargo * thAya che. 2. "dira' zabdano artha trIjA mukhya staMbhalekhamAMnA "dila' zabdathI nakkI thAya che.

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301 3. "parAma' (saMskRtabhASAnA pratyupImana) zabdano artha maLavAne athave abhinaMdana ApavAne sAmA javuM thAya che. bAramA mukhya zilAlekhanA sAranI sAthe A bhAgane sarakhA. [7] bhASAMtara devone lADake priyadarzI rAja Ama kahe che-"bhUtakALamAM rAjAo thaI gayA (temaNe) Ama iccheluM:-dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe loke kema karIne AgaLa vadhe ?" paNa anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe leke AgaLa vadhyA nahi." A bAbatamAM devone lADako priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che-"mane Ama lAgyuM -bhUtakALamAM rAjaoe ema kaheluM ke, anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe leka AgaLa vadhe. paNa anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe loke AgaLa vadhyA nahi. te pachI kevI rIte loke (dharmane) anusaratA thAya? anurUpa dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe lo kevI rIte AgaLa vadhe? dharmavRddhinI sAthe sAthe temanAmAMnA keTalAkane huM kevI rIte unnata karUM ?" A bAbatamAM devone lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - mane Ama sUjhayuM -"huM dharmazrAvaNe saMbhaLAvIza. huM dharmopadeza karAvIza. leke te sAMbhaLIne tema vartaze, pitAnI jAtane unnata karaze, ane dharmavRddhinI sAthesAthe khUba AgaLa vadhaze." AvA hetuthI meM dharmazrAvaNe saMbhaLAvyAM che, ane vividha prakArane dharmopadeza pharamAvyuM che. mArA amaladAro-bhya -aneka lekenA upara nImAelA che. teo tene upadeza karaze ane tene phelAvaze. seMkaDe ane hajAre prANonA upara rajajuke nImAelA che. temane paNa evI AjJA karavAmAM AvI che ke, "dharmayukta lekene Ama ane Ama upadeza karo." devene lADako priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -"rastAmAM meM vaDanAM jhADa ropAvelAM che. teo manuSyone ane pazuone chAMyaDo

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302 Apaze. meM AMbAvADIo pAvelI che. meM dara ATha kese 2 kuvA dAvelA che; ane meM ArAmagRhe baMdhAvelAM che. manuSyanA ane pazuonA upabhogane mATe meM vividha sthaLe ghaNuM thANuM baMdhAvelI che. paraMtu A pratibhega (nI vyavasthA) kharekhara nirjIva che, kAraNa ke, mArI mAphaka mArA pahelAM thaI gaelA rAjAoe paNa AvAM aneka sukhasAdhanothI lekene sukhI karyA che. paNa meM evA hetuthI Ama karyuM che ke, leke (AvuM) dharmAcaraNa kare." dene lAke priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -sAdhutAnI vividha bAbatonA kAme meM dharmamahAmAtrone nImelA che. sarva pAkhaMDamAM-- sAdhuomAM ane gRhasthomAM- teo kAma karI rahyA che. meM evI vyavasthA karI che ke, teo saMghanA arthe kAma karaze. tevI ja rIte meM evI vyavasthA karI che ke, teo brAhmaNa AchavAmAM ane nircAmAM tathA vividha pASAmAM kAma karaze. vividha mahAmA vividha (vargonA leke)ne mATe ane vividha viziSTa kAmone mATe (nImAyA) che. paNa meM mAtra A ane bIjA badhA pAkhaMDone mATe dharmamahAmAtro nImelA che. lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che - A ane bIjA ghaNuM mukhya adhikArIo mArAM ane devIonAM dAnanI vaheMcaNInuM kAma kare che, ane ahIMnA tema ja prAMtamAMnA mArA badhA jhamAnAmAM teo aneka rItanA vividha saMtoSakAraka prayatna ' pratipAdita kare che. vaLI, meM evI vyavasthA karI che ke, dharmane vikAsa karavAne ane dharmane anusarAvavAne mATe mArA putranAM ane bIjA devIkumAranAM dAnanI vaheMcaNI karavAnuM kAma teo karaze. dayA, dAna, satya, zuddhatA, mRdutA ane sAdhutA jevAM che te A dharmane vikAsa ane tevuM A dharmane anusaravuM kemAM vadhaze. dene lADake priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -meM kAMi sAdhukarmo karyA che temane leke anusaryA che, ane teo (bhaviSyamAM) tema

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303 karaze. tethI karIne mAtApitAnI zu jAnI, guruonI zuzraSAnI, gharaDAMvaraDAnA pagale cAlavAnI (bAbatamAM), ane brAhmaNonI tathA zramaNanI (ane) garIbanI tathA halakA lokonI ane dAsanI tathA nokaranI sAthe yogya vartana rAkhavAnI bAbatamAM teo AgaLa vadhyA che ane vadhaze paNa kharA. devone lAke priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che -vaLI, lekee A dharmavRddhine be rIte AgaLa vadhArI che -dharmabaMdhanathI ane (saMpUrNa) baMdhIthI. vaLI, A bAbatamAM dharmabaMdhane najIve che, ane (saMpUrNa) baMdhIthI ghaNuM vadhAre karAyuM che. kharekhara, dharmabaMdhana meM je karyo che tevAM che; jema ke, (prANIonI) amukaamuka jAtone vadha karavAnuM nathI, tema ja je bIjA aneka dharmabaMdhana meM karyA che te. paNa (sarva) bhUtanI avihiMsAnA jevI ane (sarva) prANanA avadhanA jevI (saMpUrNa ) baMdhIthI manuSyomAM dharmavRddhi vadhAre AgaLa vadhI che. A lakhANa evA hetuthI karyuM che ke, mArA putro ane pautro caMdra ane sUrya cAlU rahe tyAM sudhI TakI rahe ane e rIte (mArA pagale) anuva. AvI rIte (mArA pagale) anuvartavAthI A leka tema ja paraleka siddha thAya che. mArA rAjyAbhiSekane sattAvIsa varSa vItyAM tyAre meM A dharmalipi lakhAvI hatI. AnA saMbaMdhamAM dene lADake Ama kahe che jyAM zilAsto ke zilAphalaka hoya tyAM A dharmalipi kotarAvavI ke jethI te cirasthAyI thAya. TIkA 1. ahIM "tha' zabda nahi hoya, paNa cUtha' zabda haze ema vadhAre saMbhave che. jue che. a, 1912, pR. 173. 2. "harijaninI bAbatamAM ja. ra. e. sa. 1906, pR. 40 ane AgaLa ApelI phalITa sAhebanI neMdha juo. nisipiyAnI bAbatamAM juo e, I, 2, 274,

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304 3. senAta" sAhebe ' zabdane artha "madhyetarI ko' karyo che, ane khuhalara sAhebe tene artha "mukhya amaladAre karyo che. kauTilyakta arthazAstramAM je vividha sthaLe "ku' zabda vaparAelo che temanA tarapha epha.Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe ApaNuM dhyAna kheMceluM che (ja. . e. se. 1915, pR. 7-99). paraMtu temaNe "mulya' ane pu' zabdanI vacce kAMIka geTALo karyo che. "arthazAstra"thI khUhalara sAhebanA matane puSTi maLatI lAge che. 4. khulara sAhebe suthAvatanAni' zabdane sudAttanAni zabda garyo che, ane temaNe tene artha "sateSanAM sAdhano" athavA tuSTinI taka" karyo che. "gAyatana' zabda "mA" (yatna karo) dhAtunI uparathI vyutpanna thayela hovAthI tene artha " prayatna ' karo e vadhAre sAruM che. 5. "niSatti' zabdanI bAbatamAM cothA mukhya staMbhalekhane lagatI sAtamI TIkAne chevaTa bhAga juo. A vAkayanA arthane mATe juo pR. 139 ane AgaLa. (3) pAMca gaNu zilAlekha dhavalInA ane yAvagaDhanA judAjudA zilAlekha [ka] bhASAMtara dene lADakAnA hukamathI tasalinA ( agara samApAnA) nagaramahAmAtrarUpa mahAmAne Ama kahevuM huM (manathI) je kAMI paNa dekhuM chuM te IcchuM chuM. zuM? huM tene amalamAM mukuM, ema; ane (3) sAdhano dvArA huM tenI zarUAta karuM chuM. tamane upadeza kare, e (uta) hetu sAdhavAnuM mukhya sAdhana che : ema huM mAnuM

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305 chuM. ApaNe sArA mANasonA snehane prApta karIe teTalA mATe tame aneka hajAre prANanA upara nImAyA che. sarva manuSyo mArAM saMtAno che. jevI rIte mArA saMtAnonI bAbatamAM huM icchuM chuM ke A lekanA tema ja paralokanA saMbaMdhanAM sarva hitasukha teo meLave tevI ja rIte sarva manuSyanI bAbatamAM huM evuM ja icchuM chuM. paNa A bAbatathI . jaNAya che ke, tame te samajatA nathI. keIka vyakti (amaladAra) tenA upara dhyAna Ape che, paNa te amuka bhAganA ja upara-AkhAnA upara nahi. to Ama juo. nItinuM sUtra paNa sArI rIte darzAvAyuM che. ema bane ke, koI vyaktine baMdhana ke kanaDagata thAya che. tyAM tethI kAraNa vagara baMdhana ke mRtyu thavA pAme che. vaLI, bIjA ghaNuM lakAne atizaya duHkha thAya che. tethI karIne tamAre IchavuM joie. zuM? vacalo mArga grahavAnuM. irSA, khaMtanI khAmI, kaDakapaNuM, adhIrAI, abhyAsanI khAmI, ALasa ane thAkanI lAgaNI : e jAtanA svabhAvathI koI paNa mANasa yogya vartana rAkhI zake nahi. AthI karIne tamAre IcchavuM joIe. zuM ke, A jAtane svabhrAva tamAre na thAya. vaLI, A badhAnuM mULa khaMta ane dhIraja che. nItinuM A sUtra che - "je heThe paDI gayo hoya teNe AgaLa vadhavAne UThavuM joIe.". vaLI, manuSya saMcaravuM joIe, AgaLa vadhavuM joIe, ane pragati karavI joIe. A nItisUtrane tamAre dekhavuM joIe. to bIjA kazAne vicAra karyA vagara (tamArI jAtane Ama) kahe -" dene lADakAnI AzA AvI AvI che. tene amala mahAphaLa ApanAra nIvaDe che, (ane) tene amala na karavAthI bhAre nukasAna thAya che. jeo tema na kare temane svarga nathI maLatuM ke rAjAnI maherabAnI nathI maLatI." meM (nAkhelI) A pharajanuM Ama be prakAranuM pariNAma Ave che. tamArA manamAM zaMkA zA kAraNe hoya? te barAbara adA thaze te tame svargane meLavazo ane mArA pratyenuM RNa pheDaze. vaLI, A lipi tiSyanakSatramAM sAMbhaLavI joie, ane tiSya 20

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306 divasamAM dareka utsave eka (amaladAra) paNa te sAMbhaLe; ane Ama karIne (te mArI AjJAno) amala karavAno prayatna kare. A hetuthI A lipi ahIM lakhI che ke, nagaravyAvahArike (zaheranyAyAdhIzo) rUpa mahAmAtro sthApita nItiniyamathI yukta rahe, ane nagarajanane jorajulamathI baMdhana ke jorajulamathI kanaDagata thavA na pAme. vaLI, dharmapura:sara A hetuthI huM (amaladArane) dara pAMca varSe 2 phera karavA mokalIza, (ane teo kAmamAM kaDaka nahi thAya tema ja mijAjI nahi thAya, (paNa) namra thaze. A hetune samajIne teo mArI AjJAne anusaraze. paNa ujajayinImAMthI rAjakumAra A varganA (amaladAre)ne mokalaze ane traNa varSane oLaMgaze nahi. tevI ja rIte takSazilAmAMthI paNa, e mahAmAtro pheraNIe jAya tyAre pitAnA karmane tyajyA vagara AnA upara paNa dhyAna Apaze ane rAjAnI AjJAne anusaraze. TIkA 1. A zilAlekhamAMnuM A vAkya agharAmAM agharuM che. dekhItI rIte azoka ema kahevA mAge che ke, koI vyakitane kedakhAnAmAM pUravAmAM Ave ke kanaDagata karavAmAM Ave tyAre ukta amaladAranA eka ke bIjA doSathI thatI evI kanaDagatanA pariNAmamAM loko nAhaka kedakhAnAmAM naMkhAya che, ane kedakhAnAmAM naMkhAyA pachI teo maraNa paNa pAme che. 2. juo pR. 63. [kha]. bhASAMtara devone lADakAnA hukamathI rAjakumArane ane mahAmAtrone (Ama) kahevuM -huM (manathI) je kaI paNa dekhuM chuM te icchuM chuM. zuM huM tene amalamAM mukuM, ema; ane (yogya) sAdhanethI huM tenI zarUAta karuM chuM. tamane upadeza kara, e (uta) hetu sAdhavAnuM mukhya sAdhana che, ema huM mAnuM chuM. sarva manuSyo mArAM saMtAno che. jevI rIte

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377 mArAM saMtAnonI bAbatamAM huM IcchuM chuM ke A lekanA tema ja paralekanA saMbaMdhanAM sarva hitasukha teo meLave tevI ja rIte sarva manuSyonI bAbatamAM huM evuM ja IcchuM chuM. "nahi chatAelA pADeAsIonI bAbatamAM rAjA ApaNI pAsethI zenI AzA rAkhe che," e jANavAnA hetuthI pADesiIonI bAbatamAM mArI zI icchA che, ema tame pUchatA he to tene javAba A che -mArA pratye temaNe anudigna rahevuM joIe, evuM devone lADake Icche che: ema temaNe samajavuM joIe, temaNe mArAmAM vizvAsa rAkhavo joIe, (ane) teo mArA taraphathI du:kha nahi meLave paNa sukha meLavaze. vaLI, temaNe ema paNa samajavuM joIe (ke.) "sAMkhI zakAya tyAM sudhI rAja ApaNane sAMkhI leze." paNa teo A lekane ane paralokane meLave teTalA mATe mArA nimitte temaNe dharma Acaro joIe, A hetuthI huM tamane AjJA ApuM chuM. tamane AjJA ApIne ane mArI icchA jaNAvIne mAre aDaga nizcaya ane (mArI aDaga) pratijJA jaNAvIne-huM (temanA) traNamAMthI mukta thAuM! tethI Ama karIne tamAre tamArI pharaja bajAvavI joIe ane temane AzvAsana ApavuM joIe ke jethI karIne teo Ama samaje-je ApaNe pitA te ja ApaNo rAjA che; te jema pitAne anukaMpe che tema ApaNane anukaMpe che; rAjAnAM jevAM saMtAno tevAM ApaNe chIe." tamane AjJA ApIne ane mArI icchA-mAre aDaga nizcaya tathA (mArI aDaga) pratijJA-jaNAvIne mArA sthAnika maMtrIerUpa 1 tamArI sAthe huM A kAme rahIza. temane AzvAsana ApavAne ane temanA A lokanA tathA paralokanA hitasukhanI khAtrI temane ApavAne ) tame prabaLa cho. Ama karavAthI tame svargane meLavaze ane mArA RNamAMthI mukta paNa thazo. vaLI, A athe A lipi ahIM lakhI che (ke) e

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308 pADosIone AzvAsana ApavAne ane (teo) dharmAcaraNa kare tenI khAtrIne mATe mahAmAtra sthApita nItiniyamathI yukta rahe. vaLI, cAturmAsI tunA tiSya-divase A lipi sAMbhaLavI; ane kharekhara tiSya-divasamAM dareka utsave eka (amaladAra) paNa te sAMbhaLe. Ama. karIne ( mArI AjJAno ) amala karavAne prayatna karo. TIkA 1. "rAhuti rAbdavALuM vAkya gUMcavADAbhareluM che, ane vidvAnone teNe haMphAvelA che. senAtuM sAhebe tene A artha karelA che- mArA hakamene sakriya anavatavAne lAyaka tamArA jevA A kAme mane maLI jaze." buhalara sAhebe tene A artha karyo che -"A bAbatamAM te badhA dezomAM mArA avekSakA raheze." khuhalara sAhebe AnA saMbaMdhamAM dekhItI rIte najaracUkathI "(3) zabdane choDI dIdho che. "mANu' zabdano artha "maMtrI ke ADatiye ke madadanIza" thAya che. azeka ema kahevA mAge che ke, teo tenA pitAnA sthAnika madadanIza che, ane teo sarahadanA lokenA pratyenI tenI potAnI IcchAne amala kare che, (4) paracuraNa gaNu zilAlekha [ ga ] bhASAMtara (brahmagirinI nakala) suvarNagirimAMnA AryaputranA ane mahAmAnA vacanathI IsilanA mahAmAtrane (temanuM) Arogya pUchavuM, ane (pachI) Ama kahevuM -"devone lADa kahe che (ke) "aDhInA karatAM vadhAre varSa sudhI huM upAsaka hatA; paNa meM khUba parAkrama kareluM nahi. eka

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vacAnamAM ja sAthe mizra 1 mizra 2 309 varasathI- kharekhara, eka varasanA karatAM vadhAre varasathIhuM saMdhanI sAthe rahyo chuM ane meM parAkrama kareluM che; paraMtu A mudatanA daramyAnamAM jaMbudvIpamAMnA je manuSyo (devonI sAthe mizra thayA na hatA te devanI sAthe mizra thayA. [rUpanAthanI nakalanA anusAre - A mudatanA daramyAnamAM je devo mizra thayA na hatA temane AkhA jaMbudvIpamAM (manuSyonI sAthe) mizra karavAmAM AvyA hatA.] parAkramanuM phaLa A che. mAtra upalI mATInAe ja A meLavavAnuM nathI. paNa kharekhara nIcalI keTIne parAkrama kare te (lekIne) puSkaLa svargIya sukha apAvI zake che. A hetuthI A zrAvaNa saMbhaLAyuM che -nIcalI keTInA ane upalI keTInA A (hetune ) mATe parAkrama kare, mArA pADosIo A jANe, ane A parAkrama cirasthAyI thAya. vaLI, A hetu vadhaze eTaluM ja nahi, paNa puSkaLa vadhaze- (nidAna) deDhagaNe vadhaze. vaLI, A zrAvaNa 256 bhuTToe saMbhaLAvyuM che. " 5 (sahAzramanI nakala) A zrAvaNa (saMkhyAmAM) 256 yuSTae (saMbhaLAvyuM che; kAraNa ke, base vadhatA chappana vyaktio pheraNIe nIkaLI paDI che (vivutha-pu). 1 vaLI, tame A bAbata parvatanA upara kotarAvaje, ane jyAM zilAoN je hoya tyAM paNa te ketarAvaje. (rUpanAthanI nakala) A bAbata parvatenA upara kotarAvavI. ahIM ane dara jyAM kaI zilAtaMbha hoya tyAM e zilArUMbhanA upara te kAtarAvavI. vaLI, A meTAnA hukamathI tame tamArI hada pahecatI hoya tyAM sudhI sarvatra pheraNue nIkaLI paDe. A zrAvaNa 256 yuTToe saMbhaLAvyuM che; (A saMkhyA ema batAvI Ape che ke, 256) vyaktio (256 prasaMge) pheraNIe nIkaLI paDI hatI." rAthanI nakala ke A bAbata pa

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310 TIkA 1. vI. o. ja, 12, 75-76 mAM khUhalara sAhebe "khaMDahAlajAtaka" (jAtaka aMka 542)nA AdhAre khAtrI karI ApI che ke, "madhyapurane artha "Aryaputra athavA rAjakumAra' thAya che. 2. vadhAre samajutIne mATe juo pR. 74-77. 3. juo pR. 123; I. a, 1912, pR. 170-171. AnI sAthe sarakhAvo "rAva-mALI samitI pura kayu("bAba saMskRta sIrIjha"mAMnuM "ApastabIya-dharmasUtra" pR. 76 ). 4. ahIM je "upalI keTIna" ane "nIcalI keTInA zabdo ullekhAyA che te upalA varganA ane nIcalA varganA amaladArane udezIne vaparAyA che. dasamA mukhya zilAlekhanI sAthe A zilAlekhane sarakhA ane uparanI bI TIkA vAMco. 5.i. eN, 1908, pR. 21; je. e., me-juna, 1910; ja.oN. e. se, 1913, pR. 477. vaLI, ja. 2. e. se, 19 10, pR. 142 ane 1308; 1911, pR. 1114; 1913, pR. 1053; je. e, jAnyu-phebru, 1911. zrIyuta de. rA. bhAMDArakaranA arthane mATe juo che. a, 1912, pR. 171-173. lekhasUci jyorja byulara:-I. eN, 1897, pR.29-306; 1897, pR. 334; e. I, pu. 3, pR. 135-142. haritakRSNa zAstrI:-"dhI nyu azakana eDikaTa oNpha mazmi" ( azokano mazkine navo zilAlekha ) ( " haidarAbAda Akarlojikala sIrIjha", aMka 1 ). I. hulaza:-sA. . mI. ge. pu. 70, pR. 574-541. [gha] bhASAtara dene lADake Ama paNa kahe che -"mAtApitAnI suzruSA karavI joIe tema ja prANIone mATenuM sanmAna dRDha karavuM joIe. satya

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31. bolavuM joIe." A dharmaguNo AcaravA joIe. tevI ja rIte ziSya gurune mAna ApavuM joIe; ane jAtIlAnI sAthe(vyaktie) yogya rIte vartana rAkhavuM joIe. (mAnava mananI) A prakRti purANI che; ane te cirasthAyI che. tethI karIne tema karavuM joIe. lipikAra pade lakhyuM. TIkA 1. juo pR. 159. [2] vairAno bIjo (bhAbrAno) zilAlekha bhASAMtara magadhane rAjA priyadarzI saMghane abhinaMdana kahevaDAve che ane . Arogya tathA sagavaDavALuM jIvana Icche che. bhadata ! buddhane mATe tathA dharmane mATe ane saMdhane mATe mane keTaluM badhuM mAna ane (keTale badhe) AnaMda che, e tame jANo cho. bhado! bhagavAna buke je kAMI bhAkhyuM che te saghaLuM sAruM ja bhAkheluM che, paNa bhadata ! saddadharma Ama cirasthAyI thAya teTalA mATe je kAMI mArA pitAnA taraphathI mAre kahevuM joIe te kahevAnuM huM yogya dhAruM chuM. bhadati! A dharma sUtre che -(1) vinaya-samuvAre (2) diyathAnika (3) anAgata-athAnika ) muni-gAthA; (9) - kutte (6) 3pati-pattina; ane (7) "asatya'nA saMbaMdhamAM buddha bhagavAne rAhulane karelo bodha. bhadata ! bhikSuko ane bhikSukIo paikInAM ghaNuMkharAM A dharmasUtrane haMmezAM sAMbhaLe tathA vicAre, ema huM icchuM chuM. te ja pramANe upAsAe ane upAsikAoe (ema ja karavuM joIe). bhadato ! A ja kAraNe huM A ketarAvuM chuM (ke.) teo mArI IcchA jANe.

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312 TIkI 1. juo 581-86; ja. . e. se, 1888, pR. 39; 101, pU. 1, 577, 1911, 5. 1113; 1113, pR. 385, 1915, pR. 805 che. e., 1891, pR. 165, 1912, pR. 37, 199, pR. 8; je. e, me-juna, 1896; maeNkasa vAlesara kRta "DA eDika oN lAbrA (mATericalina jhure kaMra De buddhimAsa); I. hyumaeNna kRta "DA bhAvyA-eDika ke kaeNnigsa azoka" ("jhITa. ghaDoe. IrAna, akabara 2, 1923, pR. 316 ane AgaLa ). vAta lADa no thI ubhA karamAMthI (5) cha gaNu staMbhalekhe (ka) lubina-udyAna (razmina daI-padariyA)ne staMbhalekha - bhASAMtara devene lADake priyadarzI rAjA potAnA rAjayAbhiSekane vIsa varSo vItyAM tyAre ahIM jAte Avyo, ane (teNe) pUjA karI. 1 ahIM zAyamuni buddha janmyA hatA tethI teNe ahIM paththaranI jabarI divAla caNAvI ane zilAtaMbha Ubhe karAvyuM. ahIM bhagavAna buddha janmyA hatA tethI huMbinagAmane dhArmika kAramAMthI mukta karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, ane (jamIna mahesula tarIke mAtra)eka aSTama (teNe) ApavAne hatA. TIkA 1. juo pR. 71 2. siriyalamA ': e akSarane vidvAnoe prathama bahu ja gUMcavADe Ubho kare tevI rIte teDayA hatA, paNa saunA pahelAM svarga rA. ge. bhAMDArakare ema batAvyuM hatuM ke, A badhA akSare maLIne eka ja zabda bane che, ane tene artha "paththaranI divAla ke vADa" thAya che (ja. mA. . . e. se, pu. 20, pR. 366, TIkA 1che. svargastha phalITa

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313 sAhebe e matane tatvataH maLate ja abhiprAya Apela che. zrIyuta ke. rA. bhAMDArakara e akSarane Ama teDayA che -ri-di(zistravikAra-mittAmi); ane temaNe tene artha "paththaranI jabarI divAle" karyo che. nagarImAM vAsudeva-saMkarSaNanA mAnamAM jevI divAla cANavAmAM AvelI tevI A divAla hatI, ema teo kahe che (me. A. sa. ., aMka 4, pR. 129). pahelAMnA arthonI bAbatamAM jue e. I, 5, 5, pR. 5 esa. bI. pIAra. e. Dabalyu, 1903, pR. 724 ane AgaLa che. a, 1905, pR. 1 ane AgaLaH 1914, pR. 19-20. 3. prathama epha Dabalyu. thomasa sAhebe 'va4ine khare artha "dhArmika kara" karyo hato (ja. . e. se, 1909, pR. 46-47). temaNe "za-anine khare artha karelo che te jANavAne jue ja. ra. e. se, 1914, pR. 301-392. lekhasUci ja gruhulara-e. I., pu. 1, pR. 4 ane AgaLa. vinsenTa smitha -I. e, 1905, pR. 1 ane AgaLa; ane "i TreDakazana Tu mukarajIjha rIperTa Ana aTikivaTIjha ina dhI tarAI, nepAla, kalakattA, 1901"[ tarAI-nepAla-kalakattAmAMnA prAcIna avazeSone lagatA zrIyuta mukarajInA nivedana (1901)nI prastAvanA]. jaena pheIthaphula phalITa:--ja. ra. e. se, 1908, pR. 471 ane AgaLa, je. kApeTiyara-I. eN., 1914, pR. 17 ane AgaLa. (kha) nilIvane staMbhalekha bhASAMtara devAne lADakA priyadarzI rAjAnA rAjyAbhiSekane cauda varSa vItyAM tyAre teNe buddha nAmanI kanakamuni)nA stUpane bIjI veLAe vadhAryo. vaLI, tene rAjyAbhiSekane (vIsa) varSa vItyAM tyAre te jAte AvyA, (teNe) pUjA karI, ane (zilAtaMbha) Ubho karAvyo.

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314 (ga) sAranAthanA thAMbhalAne lekha. bhASAMtara dene lADako priyadarzI rAjA Ama hukama kare che -..... pATaliputra.......saMdhane kaI paNa bhagna na kare. paNa je kaI saMghane bhagna karaze te bhikSu hoya ke bhikSuNI hoya te paNa tene dhoLAM kapaDAM paherAvavAmAM Avaze, ane je bhikSuono) AvAsa na hoya temAM (tene) rAkhavAmAM Avaze. Ama bhikSukasaMghane ane bhikSukIsaMghane A hukama jaNAvo joIe. devone lADako Ama kahe che -AvI eka lipi tamArA pAsamAM rahe teTalA mATe kacerImAM goThavAvI che. vaLI, bIjI eka lipi upAsakonA pADesamAM goThavAvI che. upAsakoe dareka upavAsanA divase AvIne evA e hukamanI khAtrI karI levI joIe. vaLI, kharekhara, upavAsanA divasoe dareka mahAmAtra pitAnA vArAo (mukhya sthaLamAM) Ave tyAre teNe evA e hukamanI khAtrI karI levI joIe ane tene samajavo joIe. vaLI, jyAM sudhI tamAro prAMta pahoMcatuM hoya tyAM sudhI tamAre (hukamanA) A zabdathI pheraNIe nIkaLavuM joIe. te ja pramANe badhAM killebaMdIvALAM zaheramAM ane prAMtanA mahAlemAM tamAre bIjAone (hukamanA) A zabadathI pheraNIe mokalavA joIe. TIkA 1. bauddhabhikSuone paheraveMza bhagavo hoya che. temane ghoLo paheraveza paherAvavAmAM Ave tyAre ema samajAya ke, temanAM bhagavAM kapaDAM chInavI levAmAM AvyAM che ane temane bhikSu gaNavAmAM AvatA nathI (olDanabarga kRta "vinayaf ," pu. 3, pR. 312, lITI 18; tema ja ja. e. se. beM. 1908, pR. 7-10). "manAvAnA saMbaMdhamAM juo se. bu. i, 17 pR. 388, TIkA 1 mAM ApelI buddhaSanI samajutI. 2. alabatta, rAjA mahAmAtrane udezIne kahe che. keTalAka lekhaka mAne che tema, bhikSuone udazIne te kaheto nathI. zabdakozamAM "saMpara

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315 zabdanA artha "rAjamArga" athavA "soga ke meLApa" vagere ApavAmAM AvelA che. A sthaLe e zabdano artha mahAlanA zaheranI kacerI tarIke le, e khyi che. te rAjamArganA upara AvelI hoya tema ja meLApanuM sarvasAdhAraNuM sthAna paNa hoya che. epha. Dabalyu. thremasa sAhebe "cullavagnamAM vaparAelA e zabdanA tarapha ApaNuM dhyAna kheMcyuM che (ja. oN. e. se, 1914, pR. 109-111) te kacerInI bAMdhaNIne prakAra sUcave paNa che. 3. "sAhAra' eTale "prAMta'. zarUAtanA zilAlekhamAM A artha e zabda ghaNuMkharUM vaparAele jovAmAM Ave che. jillAnAthanI bAbatamAM juo I. e., 1952, pR. 172. 4. azokanA samayamAM dareka prAMta (gara)mAM aneka mahAla (viSaya) athavA tAlukA hatA. dareka mahAlanA mukhya zaherane killebaMdhI karavAmAM AvatI hovI joIe (e. I, 8, 171). lekhasUci je. pIeca.gela-e. I, pu. 8, pR. 166 ane AgaLa. Arthara venisa -ja.e.se.meM, 1907, pR.1 ane AgaLa. emilI senAta - "kaupta rAMdu da lAdemI inigdha," 1907, pR. 25. beyara-je. e. Toma 10 (1977)pR. 119. (gha) sAMcInA thAMbhalAne lekha [A staMbhalekhanI chabI e. I, 2, pR. 369 nI sAme ApavAmAM AvelI che. temAM khulara sAhebe vAMceluM mULa lakhANa paNa ApavAmAM AveluM che. prAcIna vastusaMzodhaka khAtAe mULa lakhANanA upara kAgaLa mukIne tene ThokIThokIne karI lIdhelI suMdara nakalanA AdhAre hAlamAM aapaka hulla sAhebe khUhalara sAhebanA lakhANamAM ghaNe sudhAre karelo che. emanuM sudhAreluM lakhANa ja, rR. e. se., 1911, pR. 117-169 mAM ApavAmAM AveluM che. ]

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316 bhASAMtara bhikSuone mATe ane bhikSukIone mATe mArga karyo che. sUrya ane caMdra cAlU rahe tyAM sudhI mArA putra ane pautro cAlU rahe ke jethI je kaI bhikSuka ke bhikSukI saMdhane lagna kare tene dhoLAM kapaDAM paherAvavAmAM Ave ane (bhikSuono) AvAsa na hoya temAM rAkhavAmAM Ave; kAraNa ke, mArI evI icchA che. zI? - ke, mArge rahIne saMdha cirasthAyI thAya. allAhAbAdanA thAMbhalAnA lekhe (ca) kauzAMbIne staMbhalekha [ A staMbhalekhamAM paNa saMghane bhagna karanArane thatI sajAne ullekha thaelo che, ane te uparanA be staMbhalekhenI nakala ja che. A staMbhalekhane lagabhaga badhe ja bhAga naSTa thaI gayuM che. emAMthI je navI ane mahatvanI hakIkata maLI Ave che te e ja che ke, kauzAMbImAMnA mahAmAne uddezIne azoke karelo hukama temAM levAmAM Ave che; ane e rIte mULe te staMbhalekhavALe thAMbhale kayAM goThavAyA hatA, e emAMthI jaNAI Ave che. ] (cha) raNuzAsana bhASAMtara devone lADakAnA hukamathI sarvatra mahAmAtrAne kahevuM (ke.) "ahIM bIjI devInAM game te dAna hoya te-AMbAvADI, phaLabAga, dAnagRha athavA e devInuM gaNI zakAya tevuM je kaMI heya te- sarva tIvaranI mAtA, bIjI devI kAvAkInAM samajavAM. 1 1. pitAnI bIjI devInAM dAnanI noMdha laIne azoka dekhItI rIte ema kahevA mAge che ke, e devIne dAkhalo laIne rAjakuTuMbanI bIjI vyaktioe paNa tenuM anukaraNa karavuM joIe. juo pR. 134 ane AgaLa.

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(317 lekhasUci jyorja byulara . e. pu. 19, pR. 124-126. I. huza -ja. . e. se. 1911, pR. 1113-1114. (6) traNa guhAlekha va2 (barAbara) patanA guhAlekhe bhASAMtara (ka)-priyadarzI rAjAe potAnA rAjyAbhiSekane bAra varSa vItyAM tyAre AjIvakone A vaDanI guphA ApI hatI. (kha)-tenA rAjyAbhiSekane bAra varSa vItyAM tyAre khalatika parvatamAMnI A guphA AjIvane ApavAmAM AvI hatI. (ga) priyadarzI rAjAe potAnA rAjyAbhiSekane ogaNIsa varSa vItyAM tyAre khAlatika parvata)mAM. lekhasUci jyAja byulara -I. e, pu. 20, pR. 364.

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viSayasUci. pAnuM. viye. akabara-arekanI sAthe tenI sarakhAmaNI .... 210-211 agniskadha-tene artha, 115, 116; dharmanI vRddhine mATe tenuM pradarzana * 124 alikasuMdara-tenI oLakhANa * * *4, 46 avarodhana-jhanane temAM vasanArI strIo, 12-14; strIone ekAMtavAsa ... ... 164-165 azaka-tenAM nAme, 4-6; tenAM bIruda, 6-8; teno rAjyAbhiSeka ane siMhalapanI daMtakathA, 8-10 tenA rAjyAbhiSekane vArSikotsava, 10: tenA rAjakALanAM cAlU varSothI gaNAtAM tenAM varSo, 10; tenuM kuTuMba, 12-14; seTTinI jJAtinI rastrInI sAthe tene saMbaMdha, 13; tenuM khAnagI jIvana, 12-19; moranI jAtanAM prANInA mAMsane mATe tene zokha, 16; pitAnI prajAne maphata mAMsa pUruM pADavAnI tenI prathA, 21; tenA rAjyAbhiSekanuM varSa, 47; tenA sAmrAjyano vistAra, 25-26, 47; tenA sAmrAjyano vahIvaTa, 4-60; rAjA tarIke, 61-68; tenA amaladAre, 51-57; tenA dharmanA saMbaMdhamAM vividha dRSTibiMdue, 69-73; bauddhapadane teNe karele svIkAra, 69-73;

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viSaya. pAnuM. tenA dhArmika jIvananA be vibhAgo- 1) upAsaka, 74, 1rara-2) bhikSugatika, 76-78, 122-128, 131; teNe khAsa gaNAvelAM sAta dharmasUtro, 82-86; bauddhapaMthamAM taDa paDatAM aTakAvavAnA tenA prayatno, 86-92; bauddhapaMthanA saMbaMdhamAM tenI sthiti, 92-94; tenA dharmanA aMganAM saddaguNo ane AcaraNe, 94-97; sarva dharmone sAra, 100-106; dharmAcaraNathI thatI aMtima dhyeyanI siddhi, 107-108; jenapaMthanI pratyenuM tenuM RNa, 117-120; bIjA pAuMDenI pratyenuM tenuM valaNa, 120-122; dharmavistArane mATenA upAya, 123-137; prANIsRSTine mATenI tenI saMbhALa, 137-141; temanA hitasukhanI vRddhi, 139-41; prANIo ane pazuo mATenI tenI cikitsA, 141, tenA dharmane artha, 157159; tene Adarza, 203-204; korTaTAinanI sAme tenI sarakhAmaNI, 207 -208; mArkasa oreliyasanI sAthe tenI sarakhAmaNuM, 208-209; tenI kaLA-tenuM mahAna svarUpa, 188-193; tenA kAmathI hiMdustAnane thaela lAbha ane hAni, 216(227; tenAM zAsanane sthaLanirdeza, 228- 241; temanI joDaNIsaMbaMdhI viziSTatAo, 173-174; temAMthI jaNAI AvatI bolIsaMbaMdhI viziSTatAo, 174-177; temanA prakAre, 241-42; temanI sAlavArI 244-246

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viSaya. pAnuM. asure- AsIriyana leke tarIkenI temanI oLakhANa, * 200-203; choTAnAgapuramAMnI anArya jati 201 Achavake-brAhmaNone varga-104, 121, 155; temanA be zakya vibhAge ... 156 Avya athavA aTavI-tenI oLakhANa ... 41-43 Asinava-tene artha ... ... ... 98, 117-119 AsIriyana le-vaidika sAhityamAMnA je asure te ja A leke, 200-203; hiMdustAnamAMnAM temanI saMskRtinAM cihno, 202-203; azokanA samayanI kaLAnI upara thaelI asara 198-199 riNa-tmahAmAta-juo "upAdhyakSa-mahAmAtra" IrAnIyAvanI asara-azokanA samayanI, kaLA upara thaelI-te saMbaMdhe TIkA ... 197-198 Ibhya-tene artha * * 16 isila 50, 236 potatha-apavAsa .. ekImIniyana rAjAo temanAM ane azokanAM zAsananI vacce rahelI samatA 8, 188 esenI-bauddhapaMthanI tenI upara thaelI asara 151 aMta-mahAmAta .* * 56 aMtiyAka (aMtiyaka-tenI oLakhANa * 43-44, 254 aMtikana tenI oLakhANa aMtisarahadI rAjyanA rAjAo, 36, 167; temanA be vargo * * * **** aMbA .. *** . ** 32-33 karmavAda * * * * * 159-161

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pAnuM. . * 155 viSaya. kaliMga-azake tenA upara meLavele vijaya ... rara kaliMganI laDAI-temAM thaelAM mRtyuM vagere tathA tenI bhayaMkaratA .. 22-23 kAvAkI-azokanI bIjI rANI - 12, 14 kAlAzoka * * kumAranI sattA .... ... 51-para nI sabagIrI kumAranI subAgIrI , 48-49 keralapurano pradeza-tenuM sthAna 40-41 kenAkamAna buddha ... .. . kebeja leke-temanI oLakhANa-mahAbhAratamAM temano ullekha .... 28-30 khapiMgala-cAvagaDhano lekha jenA upara kotarela che te girinuM nAma . * 242 kharochI-lipi * * * * khAravela * * * * 20 khorAka-azokanA samayamAM viheta ke aviheta, 162 ane AgaLa; dharmasUtronA samayanI sAthe tene saMbaMdha 163 khristI dharmanI upara bAhmapathanI asara .. 148-151 gahapati-grahapati) brAhmaNapaddhatino trIjo varga 166, 267-68. gautamIputra sAtakaNuM "... 20, 187 : grIsanA mahArAjAo-azoke pitAnA samakAlIna tarIke gaNavelA ... 43-45 caDa rA-TolemIe ullekhelA be jIvahiMsA-tenI sAmAnya baMdhI ... 13-140 jyoti skaMdha-juo "agnikaMdha" ... 124 DAnIsiyasa-maurya darabAramAM gaelo dUta - 45 170

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189 151 viSaya. pAnuM. taDa-bauddhapathamAM paDelAM te 86-92 tiSya-azokanuM nakSatra : 11, 61 tIvara-azokane putra .. 12, 14 taramAya-tenI oLakhANa 43-44 tuSAspa-azokano yavana hAkema 49 tasalI 34, 50, 62 thAMbhalA-te UbhA karAvavAnuM prathama mAna ApaNuM dezane che * therApyuTI-bauddhapaMcanI tenA upara thaelI asara dazaratha-azokane pautra .. 10 dAsI ... *** .. **. *** 167 sevAna jiya-ene artha 6-8 devakumAre ... ... ... .. 14 dhamaviziSTa dharmalipio-azokanI ... 81, 86 dharmazAka . dhayika-teNe karelo keraLane ullekha paMkha-ghaMma (dharmastaMbha)... 136, 246 paMka-vana (dharmadAna) * * 97, 113, 243 110, 113 vaMja-risAda (dharmaparyAya)-azeke karele temano ullokha, 82 temanI oLakhANa 82-84 dha-jagata (dharmamahAmAtra) . . 55, 64-66, 104,121,132135166, 24a, 264-267, 269 - (dharmamaMgaLa) * * 17,113, 159, 38

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11 viSaya. pAnuM 166, 243 -gorA (dharmayAtrA)... 16-19, 7-- 79, 126-128 -jiri (dharmalipi) 136,193-1905, 217,244, 246, 248, hiMja-nika (dharmavijaya) 224, 243,ra47, -kAna (dharmazrAvaNa) * 129, 131-132, 136 aMbApura (dharmopadeza, dharmAnuziSTi) - 12-131 dhavalIe ja tesali).... 48 nakSatra-azokanuM, ane magadha nAijisTika (nagara-vyAvahArika) . 54, 57, 2, 67 nAbhapatI enI oLakhANa 30 niro * * * * 104, 121, 132, 155-157 nepoliyana tenI sAthe eca. jI. velse karelI azokanI sarakhAmaNI ... * rilelA athavA potAnA AtmaparIkSA 98-100 pataMjali-teNe karelo "ziSTa brAhmaNo ne ullekha 182 paththaranuM sthApatya-azokanA samaya pahelAMnuM ... 163-195 pariSada-tenAM kartavyo .. .. * 5-60, 65 pazuo-prAcIna irAnIo . 202 pAMDya rAjya-tenuM sthAnaka, 38, 254; varAha mihere ullekhelAM be ... vAi-sAsanAthI jUduM gaNeluM . . 118-119

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11 viSaya. pAnuM. pAli-i. sa. 100 sudhInI hiMdustAnanI bhASA, zrIyuta phalITanA ane adhyApaka hAisa DeviThThanA abhiprAyo paratve TIkA ... 183-185 pasiMha-(pAkhaMDa) azake je arthamAM te zabda vAparyo che te artha-tenA be vibhAgo 157, 160 punarvasu-magadhanuM nakSatra ... ... puruSa .. ... ... 56, 57, 60 puliMda-temanuM sthAnaka ' 37-34 puliMdanagara-mahAbhAratamAM tene ulekha 34 prajAnI ane rAjAnI vacceno saMbaMdha-azokanA samayamAM ane tenA pahelAM... ... 61 prativedake * * * 59, 65 prAo-asurajAti ... .. .. 201 prANIono vadha ane iMdriyalepa karavAnI baMdhIkauTilyakRta arthazAstranA AdhAre 138 prAdezike-(pradeSTra) pa1, 52-53, 60, 67, 130 257, 26 prAMtika hAkeme-azokanA samayanA; rAjakuTuMbanA sagAsaMbaMdhI hoya teo ane na hoya teo * * * *** 49 priyadarzina-e ja azoka, 4 ; azokanuM ane tenA dAdA caMdraguptanuM bIruda, 4-6; tene artha .. . . buddhaSa-madhyadeza paratve mAMsabhakSaNanA saMbaMdhamAM tene ulekha, 16; vividha prakAranA

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* pAnuM. viSaya. vjharatA viSe tene ullekha .. bolIo-uttarApathanI ane dakSiNApathanI . brAhmaNa ane zramaNo'--e samAsano artha 99 * 176-177 121,154-155, 157 171-173 brAhmI-tenI utpatti .. .. ... bharata-saMskRta bhASAnuM ane prAkRtabhASAnuM tenuM vargIkaraNa . bhASA-azokanI dharmalipionI, 173; belI paratve tenI khAsiyata ... ... 180 173-177,180182 bhikSugatika-bhikSuonI sAthe e ja vihAramAM raheto hoya te * * * 76-78, 80, 123, 124, 126128, 131 167 31-32 44 35 bhUtakA... *** .. *** .. *** bheja-penika-eno artha, 30-31; enuM sthAnaka... ... ... ... maga-tenI eLikhANa 6 . mazki-cAlukyavaMzanAM daphataramAMnuM 'viriya mAsaMgi' ... ... :-- mahAbheje-e ja bheja-patanike ..... . mahAna sikaMdara-eca. jI. velse azokanI sAthe karelI tenI sarakhAmaNI mahAmaMgalasutta ... .. mahAmAtra-ene artha ... mahAla vahIvaTadAra-pratinA subAnA hAthe thatI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 32 211-212 112-113 56-57 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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viSaya. tenI nImaNuka .... moggalAna-buddhano paTTa ziSya yukata pAnuM. 4-50 51-52,58,60, 130, 257, 260 27-29 thana prAMta-enI oLakhANa ... thona leke (yavane-tamAma grIsavAsIonuM jAtinAma-mahAbhAratamAM teno ullekha rajakA (rAjuke) ... ... .. 28 51, 53-54,60, 66-68, 107, 130-131,257, 260 221 248 rAjanItizAstra-kauTilyanI pachI tene thaelo lopa rASTika-penika-eno artha ane enI oLakhANa raMtideva-mAMsa pUruM pADavAnI tenI Teva lipi ane dhaMmalipi-bannenI vacceno taphAvata... lipio-azokanA samayanI-(1) brAhI, (2) khAchI binI tyAMnA dhArmika karanI mAphI laikika maMgaLo-azokanA samayanAM .... laikika mAnyatAo-azokanA samayanI ramilA (grAmiSA) .. varNavyavasthA prAcIna hiMdustAnanI... vasiSIputra pulumAvi ... vinaya-samukase-the ra tuSaTTakamutta vimAna-ene artha .. 170-17 78 165 161 55-56, 104 166-167 187 82-83 115-116, 263

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pAnuM. viSaya. niyA* * 115 15-126. 263 diya-( e ja cUpa )... vihArayAtrAo .. ... 17-18, 127 . viMdhyAmaliya leke .. 33, 42 virATa-e ja matsyadezanuM pATanagara virATapura .. vyaSTo ... ... .. ** . 147, 131 zamsa-I-zirAjha-azokanA eka staMbhanuM tenuM varNana * * * * 190-183 zAhabAjhagaDhIyana prAMtanuM mukhya zahera .. 35 zikAra-enI tarapheNamAM ane viruddha abhiprAya; megAspenIsa ane zAkuMtalamAM kareluM tenuM varNana * * * * 17-18 zilA-phalaka ** 242 zilAlekhanI prAkRtabhASA-bhAratavarSanI rASTra bhASA, 186; tenA udayanuM kAraNa 186-187 zilA-staMbha . . . 242 samAja-azoke jaNAvelA tenA be prakAra ... 19-20, 124, 126 samApA 34, 50, 62. sarakArI keraNIo na .. sAdhana-azoke pitAnI dharmalipionA kAme vAparelAM . . * 22 sAtiyaputanuM rAjya-enuM sthAnaka .. - siMhalapino itihAsasaMgraha-etihAsika daSTie temanuM mahatva * * * 145-148, s

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