Acharang Shilank Vrutti Ek Adhyayan

Author(s): Rajshree Sadhvi
Publisher: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004238/1

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_ AcArAGa - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana UUF sAdhvI DaoN. rAjazrI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura guru puSkara sAdhanA kendra, udayapura O sonal & Private Use Only

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..isameM gadya-padya zailI tathA vyAkaraNa para AdhArita sUcanAeM saMkSepa meM dI gaI haiN| itane bhara se yaha to spaSTa hohI jAtA hai ki artha vistAra ke sAtha hI bhASAtmaka pravAha tathA sahaja grAhyatA isa vRtti kI vizeSatA hai / isa prakAra pRthak-pRthak adhyAyoM meM isa vistRta grantha kI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se carcA prastuta kI gaI hai| anta meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM vRttikAra kI AcAra saMbaMdhI vivecanA prastuta kI hai jo isa vRtti kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai / AgamoM ke prasiddha vRttikAroM kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya sammilita kara lene se isa zodha prabandha kA eka saMdarbha pustaka ke rUpa meM mahatva baDha gayA hai / AzA hai Apa Agama vAGmaya para apanA zodha kArya bhaviSya meM bhI karatI raheMgI / - prakAzakIya For Personal & Private Use Only

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pradhAna sampAdaka sAhitya vAcaspati ma. vinayasAgara prAkRta bhAratI puSpa puSpa 137 prAkRta bhAmatI puSpa AcArAMga-zIlAMkavRtti : eka adhyayana sAdhvI DaoN. rAjazrI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura guru puSkara sAdhanA kendra, udayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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kAzaka : devendrraaj mehatA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, 13 - e, men mAlavIya nagara, jayapura - 302017 (rAja.) dUrabhASa-524827, 524828 evaM guru puSkara sAdhanA kendra, hiraNa magarI, udayapura (rAja.) -prApti sthAna rameza canda jI jaina cAritra vATikA * ma. naM. 3 galI naM. 1, vardhamAna koNlonii, bhIlavAr3A (rAja.) phona 24328 prathama saMskaraNa 2001 mUlya : 200.00 rupaye (c) sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna lejaraTAIpasaiTiMga : kampyU priNTsa, jayapura-3 dUrabhASa: 323496 mudraka : kamala prinTarsa, jayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya I AcArAGga sUtra kA jaina Agamika sAhitya meM sarvocca sthAna hai bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI unake gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMga ke rUpa meM guMphita kI thii| pracalita bhASA meM gaNadharoM dvArA saGkalita saMpAdita bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza bAraha aMga zAstroM ke rUpa meM hameM upalabdha hue / ina bAraha aMga zAstroM meM prathama nAma AtA hai AcArAGga sUtra kA / yahI nahIM bhASA-zAstriyoM kI zodha se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki Aja upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna grantha AcArAGga sUtra kA prathama zrutaskandha hai / racanA kI dRSTi se jaina paramparA kI eka mAnyatA hai ki tIrthaMkara tIrthaM pravartana karate samaya sarvaprathama pUrvagata kI racanA karate haiM aura taba dvAdazAMgI kii| dUsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara sarvaprathama AcArAGga kA udbodhana karate haiM aura phira zeSa anya sUtroM kA / jo bhI ho yaha nirvivAda hai ki tIrthaMkara kI vANI kA jo aMza Aja upalabdha hai usameM sarvaprathama AcArAGga hI haiM / jaina AgamoM ke cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra to yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki atIta meM jitane bhI tIrthaMkara hue haiM una sabhI ne sarvaprathama AcArAGga kA hI upadeza diyA thA / vartamAna meM mahAvideha kSetra meM jo tIrthaMkara vidyamAna haiM ve bhI sarvaprathama AcArAGga kA hI upadeza dete hai tathA bhaviSya kAla meM jitane tIrthaMkara hoMge ve sabhI sarvaprathama AcArAGga kA hI upadeza deMge / jaina dharma meM mukti mArga kI dizA meM AcAra kA mahatva sarvopari hai / AcAra ke abhAva meM darzana aura jJAna donoM aupacArika ho jAte haiM / yahIM kAraNa hai ki upayoga kI dRSTi se bhI AcArAGga kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai kyoMki AcArAGga kA pratipAdya viSaya AcAra hai / AcArAGga meM sarvaprathama jIva ko paribhASita kiyA hai aura mukti mArga ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko pratipAdita kiyA hai / duHkha ke prati saMvedanazIla banane se hI hiMsA ke tyAga kA mArga prazasta hotA hai / jo anya jIvoM ke duHkha kA nimitta banatA (3) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai vahI karma hai aura karma eka baMdha hai jo punarjanma kI zrRMkhalA kA AdhAra isa baMdha se mukti kA mArga ahiMsA hai| jo jIvana zailI AtmakalyANa ke mArga ko prazasta kara mukti kI ora le jAve vaha AcAra hai| jIvanacaryA meM heya aura zreya kA nirUpaNa AcArAGga meM vistAra se kiyA hai| jIva ke astitva aura svarUpoM se AraMbha kara punarjanma kI zrRMkhalA se mukta hone taka jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM kI carcA saMkSipta kintu saTIka sUtroM meM bAMdha denA AcArAGga kI vizeSatA hai| eka-eka zabda jJAna kI jAjvalyamAna zikhA jaisA hai jisakA prakAza cahu~ ora vistIrNa hotA rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAGga para AdhArita vyAkhyA sAhitya vizAla hai| ___AcArAGga ke gahana aura vyApaka viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke prayatnoM meM sarvaprathama niyukti sAhitya kA sthAna hai| jaina Agama sAhitya para prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyabaddha TIkAeM likhI gaIM ve niyukti ke nAma se jAnI jAtI haiN| niyukti meM mukhya rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| upalabdha niyuktiyA~ AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) dvArA racita athavA saMkalita niyukti ke pazcAt bhASyoM kI racanA huI kintu AcArAGga para likhe gae kisI bhASya kI koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hai| bhASyoM ke pazcAt cUrNiyoM kI racanA huii| jaina AgamoM kI prAkRta athavA saMskRta mizrita vyAkhyAeM cUrNiyA~ kahalAtI haiN| AcArAGga para jo cUrNi upalabdha hai usake kartA jinadAsa gaNi mAne jAte haiM kintu isa saMbaMdha meM koI spaSTa ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| AcArAGga cUrNi meM unhIM viSayoM kA vistAra hai jinakI carcA niyukti meM hai| isake atirikta isameM mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sAmagrI bhI upalabdha hai| cUrNi ke pazcAt TIkA sAhitya kI racanA huii| saMskRta bhASA kA prabhAva bar3hate dekhakara jaina AcAryoM ne apane prAcIna Agama sAhitya para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAoM kI racanA AraMbha kara dii| ina TIkAoM meM prAcIna niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM va cUrNiyoM kI sAmagrI sameTane ke atirikta nae dRSTikoNa se tathyoM kI puSTi bhI kI gaI hai| (4) For Personal & Private Use Only

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jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa Adya TIkAkAra mAne jAte hai / unake pazcAt ke TIkAkAroM meM haribhadrasUri, zIlAMkasUri, vAdivetAla zAMtisUri, abhayadevasUri Adi ke nAma Ate haiM / AcArAGga ke prathama saMskRta TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMkasUri the| ye zIlAMkAcArya tathA tattvAditya nAma se bhI jAne jAte haiM / prabhAvaka carita ke anusAra unhoMne nau aMgoM para TIkAeM likhIM thii| isa saMbaMdha meM aneka vidvAnoM kA mata yaha hai ki inhoMne kevala AcArAGga tathA sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkAeM hI likhI thIM jo vartamAna meM upalabdha bhI haiM / AcArAGga prathama zrutaskandha kI vRtti ke aMta meM zIlAMkAcArya tathA tatvAditya do nAma die haiM tathA kahIM-kahIM zIlAMka bhI milatA hai / racanA samaya gupta saMvat 772 diyA hai / tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha kI TIkA ke anta meM zaka saMvat 784 aura pratyantara meM 798 likhA hai| adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki gupta saMvat aura zaka saMvat eka hI hai / ata: ina TIkAoM kA racanAkAla 'vikrama saMvat 907 tatha 933 mAnA gayA hai| 1 mUla va niyukti para AdhArita isa TIkA meM pratyeka viSaya para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| isakI bhASA aura zailI bhI subodha hai| isameM upalabdha talasparzI vivecana ke kAraNa AcArAGga para pazcAdvartI samasta lekhana isI vRtti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai tathA Aja bhI isa viSaya kA AdhAra grantha zIlAMkAcArya kI vRtti hI hai / prastuta zodha prabandha zIlAMkAcArya kI isI AcArAGga- zIlAGka TIkA kA vivecanAtmaka eka adhyayana hai / sAdhvI rAjazrIjI ne Agama sAhitya kA paricaya tathA usameM prastuta TIkA kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna batAte hue vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se isa TIkA ko adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| mUla Agama sAhitya ke vistRta paricaya ke sAtha hI AgamoM ke vyAkhyA sAhitya kA paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| yahI nahIM AgamoM ke prasiddha vRttikAroM kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya sammilita kara lene se isa zodha prabandha kA eka saMdarbha pustaka ke rUpa meM mahatva bar3ha gayA hai / AcArAGga apane nAma ke anurUpa AcAra athavA samyak AcAra yA zramaNAcAra kA grantha hai, kintu yaha kevala niyamAvalI nahIM hai / isameM AcAra ke mUlabhUta aMga bhAva tathA dravya kA mArmika va saTIka vivaraNa hai aura phira usake AdhAra para kramazaH AcAra kA pUrNa vikasita rUpa prastuta kiyA (5) For Personal & Private Use Only

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gayA hai / vRtti meM kisa prakAra eka-eka viSaya aura zabda ko vistAra se samajhAyA gayA hai zodhakarttA ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai 1 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dArzanika pariveza kA paricaya dete hue jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta tAtvoM ke pariprekSya meM AcArAGga vRtti kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa se adhyayana do adhyAyoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zIlAMkAcArya dvArA kiyA gayA AcArAGga kA dArzanika vivecana darzanazAstra ke sabhI pakSoM ko sameTe hai| isameM rahA saiddhAntika vivecana dharma aura darzana ke sAkSyoM ko spaSTa karatA hai / sAMskRtika dRSTikoNoM se adhyayana meM vRttikAra dvArA usa kAla kI saMskRti ke vibhinna pahaluoM kI carcA ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai / vRtti meM carcita aitihAsika, dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Adi viSayoM kA pRthak adhyayana rocaka sUcanA sAmagrI lie hai / yaha samasta vivecana sAmAjika paristhitiyoM evaM vyavasthAoM kA vistRta lekhA-jokhA upalabdha karAtA hai / bhASAtmaka adhyayana meM sampUrNa viSaya ko nahIM sameTA gayA hai| isameM gadya-padya zailI tathA vyAkaraNa para AdhArita sUcanAeM saMkSepa meM dI gaI haiM / itane bhara se yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai / ki artha vistAra ke sAtha hI bhASAtmaka pravAha tathA sahaja grAhyatA isa vRtti kI vizeSatA hai / isa prakAra pRthak-pRthak adhyAyoM meM isa vistRta grantha kI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se carcA prastuta kI gaI hai / ye dRSTikoNa haiM-- dArzanika, sAMskRtika tathA AdhyAtmika / anta meM upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM vRttikAra kI AcAra saMbaMdhI vivecanA prastuta kI hai jo isa vRtti kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya hai / jaina zramaNoM meM svAdhyAya va tapazcaryA kI paramparA to atiprAcIna hai aura unakI caryA meM racI basI hai| kintu Adhunika zikSApraNAlI para AdhArita adhyayana kA usameM samanvaya pichale kucha varSo se hI AraMbha huA hai / yaha harSakA viSaya hai ki kucha variSTha zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ne isa ora vizeSa ruci dikhAnA AraMbha kiyA hai aura apane ziSya - ziSyAoM ko vartamAna praNAlI meM uccatama stara kI zikSA grahaNa karane ko protsAhita kiyA hai / zramaNa saMgha kI lokapriya viduSi sAdhvI zrI cAritraprabhAzrIjI ma0 bhI unhIM meM se eka hai| prasiddhavaktA hone ke sAtha hI ApakI lokapriyatA ke pIche spaSTa aura tarkasaMgata cintana tathA samanvaya kI niSpakSa udAratA kA bhI yogadAna rahA hai / Apane isa grantha kA vistRta prAkkathana likhakara grantha (6) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI garimA ko bar3hAyA hai| ApakI hI sadpreraNA va protsAhana se sAdhvI DaoN.rAjazrI jI ne yaha zodha prabandha vairAgya avasthA meM hI pUrNa karane ke pazcAta dIkSA lI thii| jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura se pI eca. DI. kI DigrI usake pazcAta prApta kI hai| AzA hai Apa Agama vAGmaya para apanA zodha kArya bhaviSya meM bhI karatI rheNgii| zramaNa saMgha ke divaMgata AcArya samrAT pUjya zrI devendramunijI ma0 se unake svargavAsa se kevala cAra dina pUrva hI zrI DI. Ara. mehatA sA. aura merI unase aMtima bheMTa haI thii| usI samaya isa zodha prabandha ke saMyukta prakAzana ke lie AcAryazrI ne saMketa kiyA thaa| AcAryazrI kI satpreraNA se hI zramaNa saMghIya sAdhvIratnA zrI cAritraprabhAzrIjI ma.sA.ne isa grantha ke saMyukta prakAzana hetu guru puSkara sAdhanA kendra, udayapura ko aura Arthika sahayoga ke lie zrAvakoM ko protsAhita kiyA, etadartha hama unake prati apanA AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| - isa zodha grantha kI vyApaka upayogitA ko dekhate hue ise prakAzya zodha granthoM kI zrRMkhalA meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| AzA hai zramaNa varga, zodhakartA tathA sudhI pAThakoM ke lie yaha avazya hI upayogI siddha hogaa| hama isa grantha ke prakAzana se jur3e sabhI vyaktiyoM tathA saMsthAnoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara nidezaka prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura For Personal & Private Use Only

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C viSaya sUcI adhyAya: 1. AcArAMga vRtti kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyAyaH 2. AcarAMga vRtti kA pratipAdya viSaya adhyAya: 3. AcArAMga vRtti kA dArzanika adhyayana adhyAya: 4. AcArAMga vRtti meM pratipAdita jaina dharma aura darzana adhyAya: 5. AcArAMga vRtti kA sAMskRtika adhyayana adhyAyaH 6. AcArAMga vRtti kA bhASAtmaka adhyayana adhyAya: 7. vRttikAra kI AcAra sambandhi vivecanA pariziSTa sandarbha grantha sUcI For Personal & Private Use Only 1-52 53-117 - 118 - 155 156-179 180-207 208-235 236-262 263-266

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samarpaNa madIya manamandira meM bhagavatI rUpa vandanIya hai ! vyaktitva aura kRtittva ke rUpa meM anupama zabdAyita hai| guNa- garimA kA jyotirmaya svarUpa mahanIya 1 antarmana jIvana-darzana suvAsita sumana naMdanavana zItala caMdana upavana sadaya-hRdaya abhirAma vacana- cayana adhyAtma avirAma maMgala darzana karuNA-sadana jana- bodhikA manonuzAsana saMyama-sAdhikA Atma-zodhikA hai| - cAritraprabhA jI mahAsatI, jinazAsana meM dinamaNi / zramaNI - maNi / / pratibhA - pratimA guru mAtA " rAjazrI" zrIcaraNoM meM samarpitA prati tadapi sazraddha arpita hai, grantha kaumudI jyotipuMja hai rUpa For Personal & Private Use Only pala / 1 zatadala !! sAdhvI DaoN. rAjazrI 1 hai| 1

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AtmIya-AziSa jaina sAhitya yathArtha artha meM jahA~ agAdha apAra mahAsAgara ke sadRzya gahana va gambhIra hai, vahA~ ananta antarikSa ke samAna asIma hai| prastuta jaina sAhitya mUlata: prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai, jaina vAGmaya kA pracura prAcIna vibhAga sAhitya jaina Agama zabda-bindu meM artha-sindhu ko samagratA se samAhita kiye hue. hai| prastuta sAhitya meM AcArAMga sUtra zirasi zekharAyamANa sthAna para suzobhAyamAna hai| yaha vaha Agama ratna hai jisa para jaina dharmaprabhAvaka, pAMDitya-payodhi zrIzIlAMkAcArya ne anupama bhASA-zailI meM vRtti kA praNayana kiyA hai| mujhe atizaya prasannatA hai ki merI prajJAmUrti yogya ziSyA sAdhvI rAjazrI jI ne isa vRtti kA na kevala pArAyaNa kiyA hai, apitu usa maulika evaM mArmika vRtti para samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se adhyayana purassara zodha zailI meM Alekhana bhI prastuta kiyA hai| sAdhvIzrI kA yaha zodha pradhAna mahAnibandha pIeca.DI. jaisI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta haA aura vaha DAkTara kI viziSTa evaM variSTha upAdhi se vibhUSita huiiN| yaha upAdhi vastutaH upAdhi rUpa nahIM apitu samAdhisvarUpa hai, kyoMki ratnatraya meM jJAna sAdhanA ko samAdhi ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAdhvIzrI ne yaha zodha pradhAna lekhana kara prakArAntara se jJAna samAdhi kA anubhava kiyA hai aura usakA adhyayana evaM adhyavasAya sarvathA saphala huA hai| merI yahI AtmIya AziSa hai ki vaha Agama sAhitya para adhikRta rUpa se vilekhana karatI huI jaina sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM avadAna pradAna kre| zAradA putrI kA yaha mUlyavAna upahAra zAradA nidhAna meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna banAegA, aisA mujhe Atmika vizvAsa hai| yahI merI AtmIya AzISa hai| sAdhvI cAritraprabhA For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAdhvIratnA zrI cAritraprabhA jI ma. sA.

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zramaNa saMgha kI lokapriya sAdhvIratnA zrI cAritraprabhA jI ma. sA. eka paricaya zramaNa saMgha kI lokapriya viduSI sAdhvIratnA zrI cAritraprabhAjI ma. sA. jaina samAja kI eka aisI saccI sAdhvIratnA haiM, jinakI vidvattA, dUradarzitA, nirbhIkatA, niSpakSatA, udAratA, saMyama ke prati sajagatA, vinamratA evaM * madhuratA anupama hai / ApakA janma vIroM kI bhUmi, jhIloM kI nagarI udayapura jile meM base eka nanhe se gA~va bagaDUndA meM huA / Apake pitAzrI kanhaiyAlAlajI evaM mAtA zrI haMjA bAI dhArmika pravRtti kI thiiN| unhIM ke zubha saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa Apake jIvana meM dekhane ko milatA hai| Apane 18 varSa kI yuvAvasthA meM san 1969 meM nAthadvArA meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa prasiddha vaktA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta, vANI kI jAdUgara, sneha saujanya kI sAkAra mUrti, mana-mastiSka evaM vyavahAra kI mAdhurI chavi, saMgha kI prabala samarthaka evaM preraka vicAroM se ojapUrNa va gatizIla, samAja sudhArikA, samanvaya evaM zAMti kI agradUta, TUTe sneha tAroM ke saMyojana kI apUrva sUjhabUjha vAlI, advitIya lokapriya, saMgaThana zakti se sampanna, hRdaya kI komalatA, vicAroM kI dRDhatA, sahasroM-sahasra nara-nAriyoM se pUjita evaM mahimAmaNDita hone para bhI Apa ati vinamra haiN| Apa apane sampradAya kI viduSI sAdhvI ke rUpa meM apanI dUradarzitApUrNa sUjhabUjha se apanA dAyitva pUrA kara rahI haiN| Apake mahAn vyaktitva se sabhI prabhAvita haiN| ApakA vyaktitva cittAkarSaka, manamohaka evaM utpreraka hai / Apa jJAna, vairAgya aura saMyama kI pratimUrti haiM / Apane alpavaya meM hI vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nyAya, darzana, Agama, jyotiSa Adi vibhinna zAstroM meM nipuNatA prApta kI hai, yaha ApakI prakhara bauddhika pratibhA kA pariNAma hai| Apa dRDha saMkalpa kI dhanI haiN| ApakA ciMtana spaSTa, tarkasaMgata evaM vivekapUrNa hai| ApakA ciMtana Atmakendrita hai, satya pradhAna hai| Apake ciMtana meM mata-paMtha-sampradAya kA koI avarodha nahIM hai| Apa antaHkaraNa se sadA satya ko samarpita haiM / -sAdhvI DaoN0 rAjazrI For Personal & Private Use Only

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zramaNa saMgha kI lokapriya sAdhvI ratnA zrI cAritraprabhA jI ma. sA. eka paricaya -sAdhvI DaoN. rAjazrI zramaNa saMgha kI lokapriya viduSI sAdhvI ratnA zrI cAritraprabhA jI ma. sA. jaina samAja kI eka aisI saccI sAdhvI ratnA haiM jinakI vidvattA, dUradarzitA, nirbhIkatA, niSpakSatA, udAratA, saMyama ke prati sajagatA, vinamratA evaM madhuratA anupama hai| ApakA janma vIroM kI bhUmi, jhIloM kI nagarI udayapura jile meM base eka nanheM-se gA~va bagaDUndA meM huaa| Apake pitA zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI evaM mAtA haMjA bAI dhArmika pravRtti kI thiiN| unhIM ke zubha saMskAroM kA bIjAropaNa Apake jIvana meM dekhane ko milatA hai| 18 varSa kI yuvAvasthA meM Apane san 1969 meM nAthadvArA meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa prasiddha vaktA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta, vANI kI jAdUgara, sneha saujanya kI sAkAra mUrti, mana-mastiSka evaM vyavahAra kI mAdhurI chavi, saMgha kI prabala samarthaka evaM preraka vicAroM se ojapUrNa va gatizIla, samAja sudhArikA, samanvaya evaM zAMti kI agradUta, TUTe sneha tAroM ke saMyojana kI apUrva sUjhabUjha vAlI, advitIya lokapriya, saMgaThana zakti se sampanna, hRdaya kI komalatA, vicAroM kI dRr3hatA, sahasroM-sahasra nara-nAriyoM se pUjita evaM mahimAmaMDita hone para bhI Apa ati vinamra haiN| Apa apane sampradAya kI viduSI sAdhvI ke rUpa meM apanI dUradarzitApUrNa sUjhabUjha se apanA dAyitva pUrA kara rahI haiN| Apake mahAn vyaktitva se sabhI prabhAvita haiN| ApakA vyaktitva cittAkarSaka, manamohaka evaM utpreraka hai| Apa jJAna, vairAgya aura saMyama kI pratimUrti haiN| Apane alpavayaM meM hI vyAkaraNa, kAvya, nyAya, darzana, Agama, jyotiSa Adi vibhinna zAstroM meM nipuNatA prApta kI hai yaha ApakI prakhara bauddhika pratibhA kA pariNAma hai| Apa dRr3ha-saMkalpa kI dhanI haiN| ApakA ciMtana spaSTa, tarkasaMgata evaM vivekapUrNa hai| ApakA ciMtana Atmakendrita hai, satya pradhAna hai| Apake ciMtana meM mata-paMtha-sampradAya kA koI avarodha nahIM hai| Apa anta:karaNa se sadA satya ko samarpita haiN| (11) For Personal & Private Use Only

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svakathya Agama kI mahanIyatA ke guNa jisa hRdaya meM praviSTa kara jAte haiM, vaha AgamavijJa bana jAtA hai / Agama ke rasa meM nimagna vyakti mahAmanA bhI bana jAtA hai aura vahI paramAgama ke yathArtha svarUpa meM vicaraNa karake gote lagAne lagatA hai, taba use aisA patha milatA hai, jisakI rAhoM meM samyaktva kI mahimA, jJAna kI garimA aura cAritra kI cAruzrI praviSTa karake usa mArga kI ora le jAtI hai, jo phUloM kI seja bana jAtA hai / Agama kA rasa mauna hai, isalie to use samajha pAnA durUha bhI haiN| para usa 'durUhatA ke bhAvoM meM jaba koI praviSTa ho jAtA hai to vaha saMyamapathagAmI sAdhaka bana hai jAtA I "munerayaM mauna :- saMyamo, yadi vA munerbhAvaH munitvaM tadapyasAveva maunaM vA vAcaH saMyamanam / " vRttikAra ne sAdhaka ko maunI kahA hai isalie muni kA mauna saMyama hai| muni kA bhAva bhI saMyama hai| mujhe bhI guru-guruNI paramparA se saMyama prApta huA aura usI saMyamamArga meM praviSTa hokara maiMne vinIta bhAva se yogya ziSyA banane kI koziza kI / yogya ziSyA bana pAI yA nahIM, phira bhI maiM jisa mArga para cala rahI hU~, usa mArga para calate hue jJAna kI pipAsA ko zAMta karane ke lie guruNI maiyA kA ananya sneha evaM varadahasta ucca zikSA kI ora le jAne meM samartha huA / laukika zikSA kI itizrI ema. e. karane para ho jAtI hai, aisA mAnaMkara cupa ho jAtI hU~ / dhyAna ke sUtroM meM apane Apa ko sameTate hue socane lagatI hU~ ki pUrva paramparA se Agata Agama Aptavacana haiM, ve hI samatvadarzI haiM aura ve hI mujha jaisI tuccha sAdhikA ke lie paramArtha kA bodha karAne meM samartha ho sakate haiM / dIkSA ke bAda dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra, uttarAdhyayana Adi Agama par3hane kA krama bhI banA rahA / siddhAMta ke sUtroM ne vItarAga vANI ko aura adhika samajhane kI preraNA dI / sAdhvI cAritraprabhAjI ma. sA. evaM anya saMta-satiyoM se vicAra-vimarza kiyA, apane bhAvAtmaka sUtra ko abhivyakta kiyA jo svAbhAvika dharma thA, usameM gati kaise ho, kisase ho aura kisa taraha se phalIbhUta kI jA sakatI hai / "samiyAe dhamme" jaisA sUtra hama sunate the aba samajhAte haiM aura isI ke anusaMdhAna meM praviSTa karake yaha pAte haiM ki isa saMsAra meM chaha jIva nikAya haiM, ve sabhI saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahe haiN| mamatva se ghire hue haiM, samatva kyoM nahIM A (12) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pAyA, isakA kyA kAraNa hai? inhIM bhAvoM meM khokara jJAna kI pipAsA ko aura adhika tIvra kiyaa| anusaMdhAna ne gati dii| sUtra graMthoM ko samajhane meM ruci jAgRta huii| kArya sahaja huA, para itanA kaThina ki lohe ke cane jaise cabAnA AcArAMga aura AcArAMga kI vRtti kA viSaya thaa| AcArAMga-vRtti sarala nahIM hai| zIlAMkAcArya bhI sarala nahIM haiN| ve ma~jhe hue mahApaMDita, jJAnI, prajJAvaMta AcArya the| unhoMne Agama ke gUr3ha rahasya meM apane Apa ko racA-pacA liyA hogA, tabhI sabhI prakAra ke vivecana se yukta vRtti ko upasthita kiyaa| AcArAMga kI AcAra mImAMsA meM niyuktikAra ne sarvaprathama prazna kiyA 'aMgANaM kiM sAro?' taba uttara bhI 'AyAro' diyA gyaa| AyAra arthAt AcAra sUtra kI vyAkhyA pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM karake jo viSaya kA khulAsA kiyA gayA hai, vaha saMskRta meM hone se kaThina to avazya hai parantu satya evaM tathya se paripUrNa hai| usa vRtti meM vyAkhyA, paribhASA, vyutpatti, sUkti, bheda, prabheda, darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa Adi kA sAra to hai hI, apitu isake viSaya meM dArzanika vivecana, dhArmika vivecana, naya dRSTi, pramANa mImAMsA, tattva nirUpaNa evaM vividha prakAra ke sAMskRtika mUlyoM kA vidhivat-nirUpaNa huA hai| mere ArAdhyadeva AcArya samrATa sva. zrI devendramuni jI ma. sA. kA AzISa hI isa rUpa ko sAkAra kara skaa| ata: unake caraNoM meM zraddhAvanata huuN| parama pUjya gurudeva upAdhyAya puSkara muni jI ma. kI smRti preraka banakara isa kArya meM sahayoga pradAna karatI rhii| maiM guru Adeza ko zirodhArya karake hI isa gurutara bhAra ko uThAne meM samartha ho sakI huuN| pUjyA paramaviduSI kusumavatI jI ma. sA. kA AzIrvAda cirasmaraNIya __ mujha laghu bAlikA ko dharma mArga para lagAne kA zreya paramaviduSI zraddhAnidhi guruvaryA zrI cAritraprabhA jI ma. sA. ko prApta hotA hai| unhoMne girate hue aMgulI pakar3a kara calanA sikhAyA aura mujhe isa yogya banA diyA ki durUha kArya bhI sugama ho gyaa| maiM parama upAsikA cAritra nAyikA, tapomayI mUrti ke caraNoM meM jhukakara AzISa kI kAmanA karatI huuN| mahopAdhyAya DaoN. zrI rAjendra muni jI ma. sA. kI mujhe isa zodha kArya meM zubhakAmanAe~ milatI rahIM, ataH unakA bhI hRdaya se AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| DaoN. darzanaprabhA jI ma. kA sahayoga bhI mujhe samaya-samaya para milatA rahA ata: maiM kRtajJa huuN| sAdhvI, vinayaprabhA jI, rucikA jI, pratibhA jI, AbhAzrI, meghAzrI, mahimA jI kA sahayoga bhI sarAhanIya rahA hai| maiM zramaNa saMgha ke ina sAdhu-saMtoM kI kRpA pAtra rahI hU~ ataH unake prati AbhAra vyakta karatI huuN| - DaoN. udayacanda jI jaina, udayapura kI satata kRpA dRSTi se isa kArya ko gati mila sakI hai| ve to isa kArya ke nirdezaka haiM, jinakI maiM sadaiva kRtajJa rhuuNgii| artha (13) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sahayogI vyaktiyoM ko bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai, ve sabhI sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI kA sahayoga avismaraNIya rhegaa| unako bhI maiM sAdhuvAda detI huuN| maiM apanI ArAdhyA, AsthA kI akampa lau guruvaryA paramaviduSI zrI cAritraprabhAjI ma. sA. kA kina zabdoM meM AbhAra prakaTa karU~, yaha samajha meM nahIM aataa| unake dvArA diye gaye sadjJAna ke saMbala se hI maiM isa kaThina kArya ko pUrA kara sakI huuN| zodha-kArya ke prArambha se lekara anta taka mere utsAha ko banAe rakhane meM tathA apekSita sahAyaka sAmagrI ko upalabdha karAne meM guruNI zrI cAritraprabhA jI ma. sA.kA avismaraNIya sahayoga rahA hai| mere cAritrika nirmANa meM aura jJAnavardhana meM ye prArambha se hI merI pramukha preraNA srota rahI haiN| inake sahayoga ke binA isa zodha-prabandha kI prastuti kadApi nahIM ho sakatI thii| anta meM punaH guruNI jI evaM anya sahayogiyoM ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatI prastuta zodha-prabandha ke prakAzana kA sampUrNa zreya sAhityavAcaspati mahopAdhyAya zrI vinayasAgara jI ko jAtA hai| unako eka bAra kahA aura bar3e hI vinaya ke sAtha unhoMne prakAzana kI svIkRti pradAna kara dii| anta meM unako bhI maiM sAdhuvAda detI hU~ aura dIrghAyu kI maMgala kAmanA karatI huuN| sAdhvI DaoN. rAjazrI (14) For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAkkathana sAhitya janacetanA, sAmAjika bhAvanA, vaicArika dRSTikoNa aura jIvana ke vibhinna AyAmoM kI abhivyaMjanA se pUrNa hote haiN| inake ciMtana meM saMskRti kI AtmA pravAhita rahatI hai, jo sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika niyamoM kA lekhA-jokhA prastuta karatI hai, inake aMta:karaNa meM jahA~ AMtarika bhAvoM-vicAroM, niyamoM evaM Adarza guNoM kA samAveza hotA hai, vahIM mAnavIya samasyAoM ke nidAna bhI vyApta hote haiN| isalie sAhityakAroM ne saMskRti kI mUla cetanA ko sauMdarya ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA, jise anubhUti kA bhaNDAra kahA jAtA hai aura jaba yahI anubhUti samAja, deza, rASTra Adi se Upara uThakara dharmacetanA kA svarUpa le letI hai taba vahI sAhitya mAnavIya cetanAoM ke AbhyaMtara mUlyoM kI sthApanA karane lagate haiN| sAhitya kI yaha sarvottama dhArA Atma-saMskRti kI dhArA bana jAtI hai jo kalyANa patha ke sauMdarya ko abhivyakta karatI hai| ... hRdayagata sauMdaryAnubhUti ke prANavAn citroM ko Agama sAhitya meM pUrNa rUpa se dekhA jAtA hai, jisameM jIvana ke adhyAtma mArga kA svastha citraNa ubhara kara AtA hai, isakA rasAsvAdana jo vyakti karatA hai, vaha jIvana ke zreSThatama mArga ko prApta ho jAtA hai| Agama sAdhu-sAdhakoM ke sAdhanA kA viziSTa jJAna hai, yaha jJAna AdipuruSa RSabhadeva se lekara aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI dezanA ke rUpa meM pracalita huaa| mahAvIra ke upadeza jo jisa rUpa meM the, ve usase pahale caudaha pUrvo ke rUpa meM pracalita the, ve hI caudaha pUrva mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI pracalita rahe parantu kucha samaya bAda usameM kamI A gaI, jisase hajAroM varSoM kA pUrva jJAna kSINa hone lagA, mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya gautama Adi 11 gaNadharoM ne jo jisa rUpa meM artha thA, use sUtra rUpa meM nibaddha kiyaa| unhIM sUtra graMthoM kI vidhivat vyavasthita karane ke lie kaI prakAra kI vAcanAe~ huIM, unheM vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 meM devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne saurASTra ke vallabhI nagara meM lipibaddha karAyA, vahI aMga-upAMga Adi ke rUpa meM pracalita huA; jise pUrva paramparA se Agata Agama kahA gyaa| Agama sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa sAhitya vidhA kI dRSTi se isakI bhASA para vicAra karate haiM to yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jo kucha bhI prArambha meM thaa| vaha prAkRta bhASAoM meM nibaddha huA, isalie sAhityakAroM ne bhASA kI dRSTi se isakA vibhAjana agrAMkita rUpa meM kiyA (15) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #20
(1) arddhamAgadhI sAhitya, (2) zaurasenI sAhitya, (3) mahArASTrI sAhitya, (4) nATaka sAhitya, (5) mAgadhI sAhitya, (6) paizAcI sAhitya, (7) apabhraMza sAhitya / sAhitya kA kAvyAtmaka vargIkaraNa (1) Agama sAhitya, (2) zilAlekhI sAhitya, (3) zAstrIya kAvya, (4) khaMDakAvya sAhitya, (5) caritrakAvya, (6) muktakakAvya, (7) saTTaka, (8) kathA sAhitya, (9) caMpU kAvya, (10) stuti kAvya Adi / Agama sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa mUlataH Agama bhASA kI dRSTi se arddhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI ina do prAkRta bhASAoM meM nibaddha hai| mahAvIra ke samasta vacana ina donoM hI bhASAoM meM haiN| arddhamAgadhI bhASA evaM zaurasenI bhASA kA apanA vizAla kSetra hai, unakA vizAla sAhitya hai, isakA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-- (1) arddhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya, (2) arddhamAgadhI Agama kA TIkA sAhitya, (3) zaurasenI Agama sAhitya, (4) zaurasenI Agama kA TIkA sAhitya, (5) siddhAMta evaM karma sAhitya | anuyoga kI dRSTi se Agama (1) caraNa-karaNAnuyoga, (2) dharma-kathAnuyoga, (16) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(3) gaNitAnuyoga, (4) drvyaanuyog| Agama svarUpa evaM vizleSaNa ___ Agama bhAratIya sAhitya kI anupama nidhi hai, inameM jJAna-vijJAna kA anupama evaM virATa svarUpa hai, isake parizIlana meM sAdhanA ke svara, tyAga kI bhAvanA, vairAgya kI pariNati, saMyama-sAdhanA, AtmA kI zAzvata sattA, iMdriya nigraha Adi ke svara Adi vidyamAna haiM, jinhoMne isako artha rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA, ve jitendriya jinendradeva the| unake Atma-sAdhanA ke svara prANI mAtra ke lie dizA-nirdeza dete haiN| unhIM kI AdhyAtmika vicAraNA ke AdhAra para Apta vacana yA sarvajJa ke vacana ko Agama kahA gayA hai| Agama zabda aura usakI sArthakatA atthaM bhAsai arahA, suttaM ganthanti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe, tao suttaM pvtti| . Apta rAga, dveSa, moha Adi se rahita hote haiN| unake vacana meM kisI taraha kA virodha nahIM hotA, isalie unake vacana artharUpa meM prakaTa hote haiN| gaNadharoM ke dvArA unheM sUtrabaddha kiyA jAtA hai, isalie ve zruta sUtra kahe jAte haiM aura unhIM ke vacana jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke lie AcAryoM dvArA lipibaddha kiye jAte haiN| isalie Agama vacana ko zruta yA sUtra kahate haiN| vRttikAra ne zruta ko bhagavat vacana kA anuvAda khaa| vaha vacana mAMgalika evaM zreya ko pradAna karane vAlA hai|' sUtra-zruta, graMtha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama, Apta vacana, aitihya, AmnAya aura jinavacana ye sabhI Agama ke vAcaka haiN| Agama zabda kI vyutpatti "A-samantAd gamyate vastatattvamanenetyAgamaH"6 arthAt Agama zabda 'A' upasargapUrvaka 'gam' dhAtu se niSpanna hai arthAt jo pUrNarUpa se vastu tattva kA jJAna karAtA hai, vaha Agama hai| paramArtha kI dRSTi se Apta vacana se utpanna artha ko Agama kahA jAtA hai, isase vastu tattva kA vizeSa sthAna evaM utkRSTa artha kA saMvedana bhI hotA hai| syAdvAdamaMjarI meM kahA hai AptavacanAdAvirbhUtaarthasaMvedanamAgamaH / upacArAdAptavacanaM c| tIrthakara, sarvajJa, Apta yA jinabhagavAna ke upadeza kathana, nirUpaNa yA pravacana ko jainAgama kahA gyaa| ye sabhI vItarAgatA ke vacana pUrvAparavirodha se rahita haiN| jinheM aMga bAhya aura aMga praviSTa kahA gyaa| inhIM AgamoM ke agrAMkita vargIkaraNa kie gae (17) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(1) aMga sAhitya, (2) upAMga sAhitya, (3) mUla sAhitya, (4) cheda saahity| AgamoM ke pracalita nAma (ka) aMga Agama (1) AcArAMga,(2) sUtrakRtAMga, (3) sthAnAMga,(4) samavAyAMga, (5) vyAkhyAprajJapti, (6) jJAtRdharmakathAMga, (7) upAsaka dazAMga, (8) antakRddazAMga, (9) anuttaropapAtika, (10) praznavyAkaraNa, (11) vipAka sUtra, (12) dRSTivAda / (kha) upAMga Agama-(1) aupapAtika, (2) rAjapraznIya, (3) jIvAbhigama, (4) prajJApanA, (5) jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, (6) sUryaprajJapti, (7) caMdraprajJapti, (8) nirayAvaliyA, (9) kalpAvataMsikA, (10) puSpikA, (11) puSpacUlikA, (12) vRssnnidshaa| (ga) mUla sUtra-(1) Avazyaka, (2) dazavaikAlika, (3) uttarAdhyayana, (4) piNDaniyukti-oghaniyukti (5) nandI, (6) anuyogdvaar| ___ (gha) chedasUtra-(1) nizItha, (2) vyavahAra, (3) dazAzruta, (4) vRhatkalpa, (5) mahAnizItha, (6) pNcklp|| AgamoM meM sabhI prakAra kI kalAoM kA samAveza hai| unameM mAnava sabhyatA ke AdikAla kI vyavasthA, yaugalika vyavasthA, samAja-nIti, rAjanIti, dharmanIti, rASTrIyatA, karma kI samIcInatA, AhArazuddhi, mana kI mUla zakti, brahmacarya kI vAstavikatA, zikSAnIti evaM anya kaI prakAra kI sAmagriyA~ dekhane ko milatI haiN| unake rahasya kA udghATana AgamajJAtA AcAryoM, RSiyoM evaM manISiyoM ne vividha vyAkhyAe~ karake jo pratipAdana kiyA hai, usase janasAdhAraNa bhI Atmatattva, paramAtmatattva evaM vastutattva ke yathArtha ko samajhane meM gauravAnvita hotA rahA hai; kyoMki satya tathya kA darzana jaina AgamoM kI vizeSatA hai, usI kA artha vizleSaNa, ciMtana kI ora prerita karatA hai| jaina AgamoM kA vyAkhyA sAhitya __vyAkhyAkAra Agama ke mUla uddezya ko lekara pAThaka kI jijJAsA ko zAMta karanA cAhatA hai, isalie usake udgama sthAna meM praveza karake vyAkhyAkAra, vRttikAra yA TIkAkAra usameM saritpravAha kI taraha krama-krama se zabda-artha, unakI paribhASAe~, unakI vyutpattiyA~, unake bhAva, unake lAkSaNika artha Adi kI vivecana prakiyA nae-nae rUpa ko pradAna karatI hai, jisase vyAkhyA kA krama samagra bhAvoM ko abhivyakta karane meM samartha hotA hai| yuga ke anusAra Agama graMtha prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gae, unhIM para vyAkhyAkAroM ne prAkRta meM vyAkhyAe~ likhIM, jinheM niyukti kahA gyaa| niyukti meM mUla graMtha ko (18) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAmane rakhakara pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~ padya ke rUpa meM kI gii| jisakI zailI atyanta gUr3ha hai aura viSaya bhI saMkSipta hai, jisase Agama ke rahasya ko sahaja rUpa meM nahIM samajhA jA sakatA thaa| isalie kucha samaya pazcAt Agama sUtroM kI vyAkhyAe~ gadya zailI meM hone lgii| gadyAtmaka zailI meM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI prakAra ke prayogoM ke AdhAra para padyAtmaka meM prayukta bhAvoM ko spaSTa kiyA gayA, jise cUrNI kahA gyaa| isake anantara bhASya, TIkAe~ evaM vRttiyA~ likhI gaIM, jinakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| pramukha vyAkhyA graMtha evaM graMthakAra __ Agama para vividha vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI gaIM, ve sabhI zramaNa saMtoM ke pramukha nAyakoM ke dvArA kI giiN| ve vAstava meM vyAkhyAtA the, isalie unake vyAkhyAtmaka dRSTikoNa meM jJAna-vijJAna ke rahasya samAviSTa ho ge| usa vyAkhyA sAhitya ko nimna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM (1) niyukti (nijjuti), (2) bhASya (bhAsa), . (3) cUrNI (cuNNi), (4) vRtti, (5) TIkA, (6) TabbA, (7) aMgrejI anuvAda, (8) hindI gujarAtI vyaakhyaaeN| AcArya samrATa devendra muni ne 'jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA' meM Agama ke rahasya ko vizeSa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA hai, unhoMne unakI vyAkhyAoM kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| isase pUrva zramaNa saMgha ke AcAryoM ne AgamoM para vizeSa prakAza DAlA, unakI vyAkhyAe~ kiiN| hindI, gujarAtI anuvAda likhe aura AgamoM ko janapriya banAne kI lie vividha samAlocanAtmaka nibandha likhe| AcArya ghAsIlAlajI, AcArya javAhara, AcArya tulasI, AcArya Ananda RSi Adi ke atirikta A. jinamaNisAgarasUri, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, A. mahAprajJa, muni caMdraprabhasAgara, muni lalitaprabha sAgara Adi ne bhI sUtra AgamoM para vyAkhyAe~ likhIM, inake aMtaraMga viSaya ko anusaMdhAna kI dRSTi se kaI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne zodha-prabandha likhe| ataH yaha to nizcita hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki Agama kA vyAkhyA sAhitya aba bhI kucha karane kI ora preraNA de rahA hai, ataH isakI garimA, mahimA evaM adhyayana, paThana-pAThana kI dRSTi, jIvanacaryA kA aMga banA rahe, jisase Agama sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi banI rhe| . (19) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Agama kI niyuktiyA~ padyAtmaka zailI meM sarvaprathama AgamoM para jo prAkRta bhASA meM niyuktiyA~ likhI gaIM, ve mukhya rUpa se pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyAe~ haiM / niryukti sUtra aura artha kI vyAkhyA karatA hai, jisase nizcaya se artha kI yukti spaSTa hotI hai| kahA bhI hai-- nizcayena arthapratipAdikA yukti niryuktiH / pramukha niyuktiyA~ (1) AcArAMga niryukti, (2) sUtrakRtAMga niryukti, (3) dazavaikAliMka niryukti, (4) Avazyaka niryukti, (5) uttarAdhyayana niryukti, (6) dazAzruta niryukti, (7) bRhad kalpa niryukti, (8) vyavahAra niryukti, (9) sUryaprajJapti niryukti, (10) RSibhASita niryukti / niyuktikAra ke rUpa meM A. bhadrabAhu kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se liyA jAtA hai / jinakA samaya vi. saM. 562 ke lagabhaga hai / isa mahAn AcArya ne apanI jJAna cetanA se jo niryuktiyA~ likhIM, ve apane Apa meM atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM / 1 Agama kA bhASya sAhitya bhASyakAra ne niryuktiyoM ke rahasya ko kholane kA prayAsa kiyA, unhoMne artha bAhulya ko abhivyakta karane ke lie prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM ko AdhAra bnaayaa| AcAra, vicAra evaM vyavahAra kI gambhIratA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie sUktiyA~, laukika kathAe~ evaM dRSTAntoM ko bhI samAviSTa kiyaa| jina AgamoM para niyuktiyA~ likhI gaIM, unhIM para bhASya nahIM likhe gae, kucha sUtra graMthoM ko chor3akara bhASyakAroM ne jo bhASya likhe haiM, ve mUla sUtroM para haiN| bhASya sAhitya ke bhASyakAra jinabhadragaNI aura saMghadAsa vizeSa rUpa se mAne jAte haiN| jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kA samaya vi. saM. 650-660 ke Asa-pAsa kA mAnA gayA hai| unakI racanAe~ nimna mAnI gaI haiM (1) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya -- (prAkRta), (2) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJavRtti - (saMskRta gadya), (3) bRhatsaMgrahaNI - (prAkRta padya), (4) bRhatkSetra samAsa - ( prAkRta padya), (5) vizeSaNavatI -- (prAkRta padya), (6) jItakalpa - ( prAkRta padya), (7) jItakalpa bhASya - ( prAkRta padya), (20) A. ni. 1/2/1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(8) anuyogadvAra cUrNi-(prAkRta padya), (9) dhyAna zataka (prAkRta pdy)|| ukta sabhI bhASya zramaNa paramparA ke mUlyoM ko bhI sthApita karate haiN| jinabhadragaNI ne jisa zailI ko apanAyA hai, vaha zAstrIya hote hue bhI sarala, sugama evaM zabda aura artha kI gambhIratA ko abhivyakta karane vAlI hai| dvitIya bhASyakAra saMghadAsagaNI kA sthAna bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| ve AgamamarmajJa the| phira bhI unhoMne zramaNacaryA ke AcAra-vicAra ko banAe rakhane ke lie chedasUtroM para prakAza DAlA, una para lekhanI calAI aura zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke prAyazcitta viSayaka samasta kAraNoM para itanA adhika prakAza DAlA ki unake eka-eka aMza para bahuta kucha likhA jA sakatA hai| inameM samAcArI kA ullekha mahatvapUrNa hai, jisameM pratilekhanA, niSkamaNa, prAbhRtikA, bhikSA, alpakaraNa, gacchazatikAri, anuyAna, pura:karma, glAna, gaccha, pratibaddha, yathAlaMdika, uparidoSa aura apavAda jaise viSaya ko pratipAdita kiyaa| isI meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI maryAdA, vihAra, AhAra Adi kA ullekha bhI kiyaa| mUlataH saMghadAsagaNI ne bRhatkalpalaghnu bhASya aura paMcakalpa mahAbhASya jaise bhASyoM dvArA zramaNoM ke vivekapUrvaka gamana-Agamana, vihAra Adi meM lagane vAle doSoM kI AlocanA para vistRta prakAza ddaalaa| Agama kA cUrNi sAhitya niyukti evaM bhASya ke pazcAt cUrNi sAhitya kI racanAe~ bhI vizeSa mahatva rakhatI haiM jo prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita vyAkhyAe~ haiN| AgamoM para likhI gaI cUrNiyA~ nizcita hI artha aura zabda ke cUrNa haiM, rahasya haiM, bhAvAbhivyakti hai aura jana-jana kI bhAvanA bhI hai| ina AgamoM ke mUla meM jIvana jIne kI kalA bhI hai| AgamoM para likhI gaI cUrNiyA~, aMtaHsAkSI kA viSaya bhI abhivyakta karatI haiN| cUrNiyA~ Agama evaM Agametara donoM hI prakAra ke graMthoM para likhI gaI haiM, ye cUrNiyA~ nimna haiM _ AcArAMga cUrNi, sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, vyAkhyAprajJapti cUrNi, jIvAjIvAbhigama cUrNi, nizIthacUrNi, mahAnizIthacUrNi, vyavahAra cUrNi, dazAzrutaskandha cUrNi, bRhatkalpa cUrNi, paMcakalpaM cUrNi, oghaniyukti cUrNi, jItakalpa cUrNi, uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, Avazyaka cUrNi, dazavaikAlika cUrNi, nandI cUrNi, anuyogadvAra cUrNi aura jambUdvIpa prajJapti cuurnni| ina cUrNiyoM ke cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNI, siddhasenasUri, agastyasiMha sthavira, vajrasvAmI Adi haiN| nizItha, nandI, anuyogadvAra, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana va sUtrakRtAMga para jinadAsagaNI mahattara ne cUrNiyA~ likhiiN| siddhasenasUri ne jItakalpa cUrNi, agastyasiMha ne dazavaikAlika cUrNi Adi likhii| ina cUrNiyoM kI bhASA saMskRta evaM prAkRta mizrita hai| jo sarala, subodha aura viSaya kI gaharAI meM kaI prakAra kI (21) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAmagriyoM ko sameTe hue hai, jahA~ inameM tatvaciMtana kI gaharAI hai, vahIM sAmAjika cetanA evaM aitihAsika sAmagriyA~ bhI vipula rUpa se haiN| Agama kI pramukha vRttiyA~ TIkA sAhitya meM saMskRta bhASA kI vyAkhyAoM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| Agama vyAkhyAkAroM ne jo TIkAe~ likhIM, unheM vRtti nAma diyA; kyoMki vRtti vistRta vivecana ko prastuta karane vAlI hotI hai, jo saMskRta bhASA ke utkarSa ko bhI pratipAdita karatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne sAhitya ke utkarSa yuga meM jo vistRta vivecana prastuta kie, unakA saMskRta samAja meM samAdara huaa| saMskRta vyAkhyAoM ke vividha nAma die ge| jinheM TIkA, vRtti, vivRtti, vivaraNa, vivecana, vyAkhyA, vArtika, dIpikA; avacUrI, avacUrNi, paMjikA, TippaNa, TippaNaka, paryAya, stavaka, pIThikA, akSarArtha Adi nAma diyA gyaa| jaina aura jainetara donoM hI kAvyoM para saMskRta meM TIkAe~ likhI gaIM, jo Aja bhI pUjya evaM mAnya hai| AgamoM para jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJavRtti likhii| AcArya haribhadra ne apane samaya meM pacahattara graMthoM kI racanA kii| unameM prAkRta AgamoM kI vRtti ke rUpa meM nandIvRtti, anuyogadvAra vRtti, dazavakAlika vRtti, prajJApanApradezavyAkhyA, Avazyaka vRtti Adi pramukha haiN| koTyAcArya ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para vivaraNa likhaa| AcArya gaMdhahastI ne bhI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha para vivaraNa prastuta kiyaa| A. zIlAMka kI AcArAMga vRtti, sUtrakRtAMgavRtti kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| vAdivetAla zAMtisUri kRta tilakamaMjarI TippaNa, jIvavicAra prakaraNa, caityavandanamahAbhASya va uttarAdhyayana vRtti kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| droNAcArya ne oghaniyukti va laghu bhASya para vRttiyA~ likhI haiM / A. abhayadeva kI sthAnAMgavRtti, samavAyAMgavRtti, vyAkhyAprajJaptivRtti, jJAtAdharmakathAvRtti, upAsakadazAMgavRtti, antakRddazAvRtti, anuttaropapAtikavRtti, praznavyAkaraNavRtti, vipAkavRtti, aupapAtikavRtti Adi sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika mUlyoM ko lie hue haiN| A. malayagiri ne rAjapraznIya, jIvAjIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, caMdraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, naMdIsUtra, vyavahArasUtra, bRhatkalpa, Avazyaka, piMDaniyukti, jyotiSakaraNDaka, dharmasaMgrahaNI, karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha, SaDazIti, saptikA, bRhatsaMgrahaNI, bRhatkSetrasamAsa Adi para vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| AcArya maladhArI hemacaMdra kI Avazyaka TippaNa, zataka vivaraNa, anuyogadvAra vRtti, puSpamAlA, puSpamAlAvRtti, jIvasamAsavivaraNa, bhavabhAvanA sUtra, bhavabhAvanA vivaraNa, naMdITippaNa, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bRhadvRtti Adi prasiddha racanAe~ haiM / AcArya nemicaMdrakRta uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhAvRtti sarala evaM sarasa hai| caMdrasUri ne nandIsUtra, nizItha, jItakalpa Adi para vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| (22) For Personal & Private Use Only

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anya Agama TIkAkAra yaha nizcita hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainAcArya saMskRta evaM prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM ke jJAtA the, unakA jitanA siddhAnta meM jJAna thA, utanA hI darzana, jyotiSa, karma sambandhI gaNita, lokavivecana Adi meM bhI thA, isalie jainAcAryoM kI paramparA chaThI zatAbdI se lekara aba bhI AgamoM para bRhadvivecana prastuta karatI rahI haiM / unameM tilakasUri, kSemakIrti, bhuvanasUri, guNaratna, vijayavimala, hIravijayasUri, zAMticaMdragaNi, harSakula, lakSmIkallolagaNi, dAnazekhara, vinayahaMsa, jinabhadra, namisAdhu, jJAnasAgara, mANikyazekhara, zubhavardhanagaNi, dhIrasuMdara, zrIcaMdrasUri, kulaprabha, rAjavallabha, hitaruci, ajitadevasUri, pArzvacaMdra, sAdhuraMga upAdhyAya, nagarSigaNi, sumatikallola, harSanandana, megharAjavAcaka, bhAvasAgara, padmasuMdaragaNi, kastUracaMda, harSavallabha upAdhyAya, vivekahaMsa, jJAnavimalasUri, ajitadevasUri, rAjacaMdra, ratnaprabhasUri, samaracaMdasUri, padmasAgara, jIvavijaya, puNyasAgara, vinayarAjagaNi, vinayakSema, hemacaMdra, saubhAgyasAgara, kIrtivallabha, guNazekhara, lakSmIvallabha, bhAvavijaya, dharmamandira upAdhyAya, udayasAgara, municaMdrasUri, jJAnazIlagaNi, ajitacaMdra, rAjazIla, udaya-vijaya, samayasuMdara, zAMtideva sUri Adi pramukha TIkAkAra haiN| Adhunika yuga meM bhI muni jinavijaya, muni puNyavijaya, jina maNisAgara sUri, A. ghAsIlAla, muni kalyANavijaya, javAharAcArya, AcArya tulasI, kavi amaracaMdra, paM. munizrI phUlacaMda, hastImala, AtmArAma jI, amolakaRSi, mAlavakesarI, sobhAga muni, muni kanhaiyAlAla, vijayamuni, muni nathamala, AcArya devendra muni, ma. vinayasAgara, muni caMdraprabha sAgara, muni lalitaprabha sAgara Adi ke AgamoM para vyAkhyAna evaM vivaraNa Agama kI mahatI prabhAvanA bar3hA rahe haiM / AcArAMgavRtti aura usakA viSaya vivaraNa jaina AgamoM meM AcArAMga sUtra ko vizeSa mahatva diyA jAtA hai / isake do zrutaskandha haiM - prathama zrutaskandha nau adhyayanoM se yukta hai va dvitIya zrutaMskandha pA~ca cUlikAoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai / isI AcArAMga ke alaga-alaga adhyayana evaM uddezaka haiM / prathama adhyayana meM sAta uddezaka, dvitIya meM chaH, tRtIya meM cAra uddezaka, caturtha meM cAra, chaThe meM pA~ca uddezaka, sAtaveM meM sAta, AThaveM meM ATha, naveM meM nau, dasaveM meM gyAraha uddezaka, gyArahaveM meM tIna, bArahaveM meM tIna, terahaveM meM do, caudahaveM meM do, paMdrahaveM meM do, solahaveM meM do aura satrahaveM se paccIsa taka meM koI uddezaka nahIM hai arthAt adhyayanoM meM uddezaka vibhAga hai, vaha paccAsI hai| prathama zrutaskandha kI prAmANikatA 18000 pada pramANa hai / isI zrutaskandha kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / isakI racanAzailI gadya va padya donoM hI se paripUrNa hai| sUtra aura sUtra kI zailI meM yati, laya aura chaMdomayI dRSTi hai| AcArAMga ke vivecya meM prANIjagata ke sampUrNa jIvana ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| isake prArambhika caraNa meM AtmadRSTi se vicAra karake chaH kAya (23) For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke jIvoM kI tulanA mAnavIya mUlyoM se kI gii| yahI vivecya jIvana kA sarvottama evaM utkRSTa vivecana hai| mukti aura mukti ke upAya, muktipathagAmI kI kriyAe~ Adi isakI dharohara haiN| AcArAMga vRtti kA mUlya mAnavIya dRSTi se isa para vicAra karate haiM to yaha nizcita hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga va usakA vivaraNa sarvajanahitAya, sarvajanasukhAya ke lie hai| isake vivaraNa meM siddhAnta kI gambhIratA, jJAna kI gaharAI, AcAra kI surabhi aura darzana kI mahanIyatA dekhane ko milatI hai| zIlAMkAcArya ne apanI sUjhabUjhaM ke AdhAra para viSaya kA jitanA khulAsA kiyA, vaha atimahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki isameM paribhASA,zabda-vizleSaNa, zabdavyutpatti, bhedadRSTi, naya aura nikSepa kI zailI Adi saMbhI kucha hai| . . "OM namaH sarvajJAya" isa maMgala abhivyakti ke sAtha zIlAMkAcArya ne upajAtichanda meM anAdinidhana anupama nAnA prakAra ke bhaMgoM se siddha ke siddhAntoM tathA mala ko naSTa karane vAle tIrthapravartaka ke nae samUha kA smaraNa kiyA hai| isameM jagata ke hita ke lie vIra prabhu ne AcArazAstra jisa rUpa meM sunizcita kiyAM, usako usI rUpa meM vivaraNa sahita vivecana karane kI bhAvanA vyakta kI gaI hai| AcArazAstraM suvinizcitaM yathA, jagAda vIro jagate hitAya ya: / tathaiva kiMcidgadata: sa eva me, punAtu dhImAn vinayArpitAgiraH / isakI vRtti ke pUrva meM nivedana zubhabodha kI kAmanA kI gaI hai, tadanantara rAga-dveSa se rahita, doSoM ke AtyaMtikarahita arhat kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| arhat Apta haiM aura Apta ke vacana anuyoga haiM, vaha anuyoga cAra prakAra kA hai (1) dharmakathAnuyoga-uttarAdhyayana Adi, (2) gaNitAnuyoga-sUryaprajJaptyAdika, (3) caraNakaraNAnuyoga-karma aura cAritra graMtha, (4) dravyAnuyoga-pUrva graMtha / samyaktva se yukta graMtha / ina anuyogoM kI prarUpaNA gaNadharoM ke dvArA kI gii| isakI nirvighna samApti ke lie maMgala svarUpa bhagavat vacana kA anuvAda yA guNAnuvAda zruta meM hai| kisI bhI kArya yA zrutajJAna kI vizeSatA vyakta karane meM bahuta se vighna hote haiN| akalyANa ke kAraNa bhI upasthita hote haiM, isalie maMgalarUpa vacana kI pratijJA kI gaI aura kahA gayA, sabhI zrutazAstra maMgalarUpa haiN| jJAnarUpa hone ke kAraNa se jJAna kA karma nirjarA meM kAraNa hotA hai, isalie isakI vyutpatti nimna prakAra se kI gaI hai "mAM gAlayatyapanayati bhavAditi maMgalaM, mAbhUd galo vighno gAlo vA nAza: zAstrasyeti maMgalamityAdi (24) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArAnuyoga-'AcArasyAnuyoga: AcArAnuyogaH' arthAt AcAraNa kA sUtra ke anusAra yoga honA AcArAnuyoga hai| yaha AcArAnuyoga dravya, kSetra, kAla, vacana, bhAva Adi ke rUpa meM bhI hotA hai| AcAra ke anuyoga kA kathana artha rUpa meM sarvajJa ne kahA, isalie ve rAga-dveSa se rahita jina haiM, ve tIrtha haiN| usa tIrtha mArga kA anusaraNa karake "AcArasutta" kA kathana gaNadharoM ne kiyA hai| yaha AcArasutta aMgazrutaskandha ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| isako naya aura nikSepa ke dvArA samajhA jAtA hai| isaliye vRttikAra ne AcAra kI pramukhatA ko siddha karane ke lie naya aura nikSepa kI paddhati ko apanAyA hai aura yaha kathana kiyA hai ki AcAra kA pUrva meM upadeza nikSepa hai, vahI bhAva AcAra ke viSaya ko lekara AcAra ke rahasya kA pratipAdana karatA hai| bhAvAcAra do prakAra kA hai-laukika aura lokottr| isI bhAva meM jJAna-darzana-cAritra aura tapa Adi ke guNoM kA samAveza hotA hai| vRttikAra ne isakI vizeSatA ko dene ke lie AcAra ke vividha nAma die haiN| . AyAro AcAlo AgAlo Agaro ya aasaaso| Ayariso, aMgaMti ya AiNNA'jADa AmokkhA // arthAt AyAra, AcAra, AgAla, Agara, AsAsa, Ayarisa, aMga, AiNNA, AjAi aura Amokkha, ina zabdoM kI vistAra se vyAkhyA karake isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki sabhI AyAra tIrtha ke pravartana meM pahale se the aura zeSa "aMga AnupUrvI se the," kahA hai savvesiM AyAro titthassa pavattaNe pddhmyaae| sesAI aMgAI ekArasa aannpvviie||1 __ AyAra arthAt AcArAMga bAraha aMgoM meM prathama aMga hai| isameM mokSa kA upAya hai aura yahI pravacana kA sAra hai| isa sAra meM chaha prakAra ke jIvoM ke saMrakSaNa kA bhAva samAhita hai| yahI cAritra kA sAra bhI hai| cAritra ke sAra ke viSaya meM prazna aura usake uttara isa bAta ko prakaTa karate haiM ki anuyoga artha sAra hai, vyAkhyAna rUpa hai aura vahI grahaNa karane yogya hai| prazna kiyA aMgANaM kiM sAro?- aMgoM kA sAra kyA hai ? AyAro-AyAra-AcAra hai| Ayarassa kiM sAro? AcAra kA kyA sAra hai? aNuogatyo sAro-anuyogArtha sAra hai| aNuogatthassa sAro kiM? anuyoga kA sAra kyA hai? aNuogassaparUvaNA sAro'2-anuyoga ke artha kI prarUpaNA sAra hai| - For Personal & Private Use Only

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isa praznottara zailI ke uparAnta vRttikAra ne nau prakAra kI sAmAjika cetanA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| isa abhivyakti meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra varNa vyavasthA ko dekara laukika aura lokottara cAritra kI vizeSatA ko prastuta kiyA hai| taduparAnta eka zrutaskandha ke guNacaraNa kI dRSTi ko nau adhyayana taka dI gaI haiN| jo mUlottara guNa ke sthApaka haiM, yahI AyAra hai arthAt AcArAMga hai| pUrva pIThikA ke rUpa meM AcAra kI vivecanA ke pazcAt nau prakAra ke adhikAroM para vistRta vyAkhyAe~ dI gaI haiN| satya-pariNA-zastraparijJA ke prathama adhikAra meM jIva evaM prANImAtra ke saMrakSaNa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, jIvAdi ke astitva kA parijJAna hone para nizcita hI jIva saMrakSaNa hotA hai, vaha parijJA dravyaparijJA va bhAvaparijJA ke rUpa meM jagata ke sAmane AtI hai, dravyaparijJA sacitta kA niSedha karatI hai aura bhAvaparijJA mana, vacana, kAya kI gatizIlatA para virAma detI hai| arthAt pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa jIvoM ke saMrakSaNa para bala detI hai| vRttikAra ne zastraparijJA kI vistRta vyAkhyA meM jIvoM kI yoniyA~, unake sukha-duHkha, unakI utpatti, unake sthAna Adi para vicAra karate hue yaha zikSA dI hai ki jJAna kriyA se parijJAna se yA anubhUti se karma samArambha rukatA hai| "jJAnakriyAbhyAm mokSaH"13 yaha vAkya isa bAta kA saMdeza detA hai ki jinhoMne jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra ke samArambha/karmasamArambha ko pUrNarUpa se jAna liyA hai, vaha karmabaMdhana se chUTatA hai va use hI mukti hotI hai| isake vyApaka varNana meM sampUrNa pRthvI se lekara vanaspati ke jJAna-cetanA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake mUla meM jo kucha bhI samAhita hai, usakA sAta uddezakoM meM dharma-darzana kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jisase zastraparijJA ke sUtroM kA pUrNa rUpa se jJAna hotA hai| loka vijaya adhyayana isa adhyayana meM chaha uddezaka haiN| isake prathama uddezaka meM guNa aura mUla sthAna kI ekatA, indriyoM kI zithilatA, vRddhatva meM avagaNanA, apramAda, saMsArAsakti, dhana kI azaraNatA, svakRta karma-phala aura yauvana meM dharma udyama ke viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra kA kAraNa kaSAyodaya hai aura usake mUla meM ATha prakAra ke karma haiM, usake sthAna kAmaguNa ko utpanna karate haiN| mUla aura guNa donoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue vRttikAra ne yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki mUla zabdAdi haiM aura sthAna kaSAya haiM, inase saMsAra banatA hai| saMsAra nAraka, tiryaMca, nara aura amara kA nAma hai / mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahina Adi kA sneha bhI saMsAra hai| isa saMsAra kI samApti se mUla guNoM kI utpatti hotI hai, anyathA janma-maraNa Adi hI utpanna hote rahate haiN| kahA hai saMsAraM chettumaNo kammaM ummUlae taTTAe, ummalijja kasAyA tamhA u caijja synnaaii| (26) For Personal & Private Use Only

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mAyA metti piyA me bhagiNI bhAyA ya puttadArA me, atyaMmi ceva giddhA, jammaNamaraNANi pAvaMti // 14 isake dvitIya uddezaka meM aratinivAraNa va usakI vyAkhyA, anAjJAvartI kI ubhaya-bhraSTatA, saMsAravimukta svarUpa, anagArasvarUpa, ajJAnIsvarUpa aura jJAtA ke karttavya ko bhalI-bhA~ti vyakta kiyA gayA hai / vRttikAra ne zarIra kI avasthA ko cAra vizeSatAoM se pAlana karane ke lie kahA hai, parantu jo vyakti prathama avasthA meM adhyayana nahIM karatA, dvitIya avasthA meM dhana nahIM kamAtA aura tRtIya avasthA meM tapa nahIM karatA, vaha cauthI avasthA meM kyA kara sakegA? isake lie isa prakAra kI sUkti dI hai-- prathame vayasi nAdhItaM, dvitIye nArjitaM dhanam / tRtIye na tapastaptaM caturthe kiM kariSyati / / ' 15 isI prasaMga meM vRttikAra ne yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki zarIra avasthA kaumAra, yauvana aura sthavira ke bheda se tIna prakAra kI hai / pitA rakSati kaumAre, bharttA rakSati yauvane / putrAzca sthAvire bhAve, na strI svAtaMtryamarhati // 16 isI taraha bAla, madhya aura vRddha ke bheda se bhI tIna bheda kie haiN| bAlyAvasthA solaha varSa taka va usake bAda madhyama avasthA tathA sattara varSa kI avasthA vRddha rUpa hai| ajJAnI moha se Asakta hotA hai, vaha jJAna ke abhAva meM kisI bhI avasthA ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai, isalie vRttikAra isa bAta kI ora saMketa karate haiM ki jo manuSya ajJAnatA se rahita haiM, ve hI pAragAmI haiN| saMsAra - sAgara se pAra hote haiM / " pAraM - jJAna - darzana - cAritrAkhyaM"17 / isake tRtIya uddezaka meM gotrAbhimAna - parihAra, karma-phala kA draSTA, mokSAcArI kA svarUpa, mRtyu kI aniyamitatA, jIvana-priyatA, dhana-saMgraha kA pariNAma, vijJa ko anupadeza, ajJAnI kA saMsAra-bhramaNa Adi ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, isI meM "uddiSyate ityuddezaH -upadezaH sadasatkarttavyAdeza: "18 jahA~ sat aura asat karttavya kA Adeza uddeza hai, jo isako dekhatA hai, vaha pazyaka hai "pazyatIti pazyakaH" 'sarvajJastudupezavartI vA tasya uddiSyata ityuddezo" isa bhAva se vRttikAra ne uddeza ke mahatva ko sarvajJa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / caturtha uddezaka meM bhoga se vyAdhi, azAMti, dhana vibhAga hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| isameM AzAoM kA tyAga, Asakti Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / mUla AcArAMga ke zabdoM ko vyutpatti ke rUpa meM bhI diyA gayA hai| yathA-- (27) For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMti-zamanaM zAMti:-"azeSakarmApagamo'to mokSa eva zAMtiriti" / maraNaM-mRyate prANina: pauna:punyena yatra caturgatike saMsAre sa maraNaH / 9 ityAdi paMcama uddezaka meM bhikSA kI gaveSaNA Ama-gaMdha parijJAna, krayAdiniSedha, kAlAdijJAna, nirmamatva, AhAra vidhi, dharmopakaraNa kA aparigrahatva, saMkalpoM kA tyAga Adi diyA gayA hai| SaSTha uddezaka meM mamatva buddhi ke tyAga para bala diyA gayA hai evaM isI meM vRttikAra ne loka saMjJA ko gRhastha loka saMjJA kahA hai|20 zItoSNIya adhyayana isa adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiN| isake prathama uddezaka meM bhAva-jAgaraNa se pUrva jIvoM ke lie yaha bodha karAyA gayA hai ki sabhI prakAra ke parISaha duHkharUpa haiM, unake tyAga se vyakti jAgRta hotA hai, ajJAnatA ke abhAva kA nAma jAgaraNa hai| suttA amuNI sayA muNiNo jAgaraMti-vRttikAra ne isa mUla sUtra para dravyasupta aura bhAvasupta kI dRSTi se vyAkhyA kI hai / jo amuni/ajJAnI hote haiM, ve jAgate hue bhI soe haiM aura jo dharma meM lage hue haiM, ve jAgaraNazIla jJAnI haiM, muni haiN| mithyAtva rUpI ajJAna se ghire hue bhAvasupta AtmAe~ samyaktva ko nahIM jAna pAtI haiM isalie . vRttikAra ne yaha kathana kiyA ki vivekI loka ko jAnakara iSTa va aniSTa ko samajhe tathA samadarzI banA rhe| isake dvitIya uddezaka meM samadarzI ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura isI meM yaha bhI upadeza diyA gayA ki tattvajJAnI mokSa ke mArga ko jAnakara pApa nahIM karatA hai| ___ "samattadaMsI na karei pAvaM" isa sUkti ke anantara niSkAmadarzI, lokadarzI. paramadarzI Adi kI vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM aura isI ke tRtIya uddezaka meM satya aura saMyama kI vizeSatAoM ko grahaNa karane ke lie krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se haTane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| zItoSNIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM kaSAya, tyAga evaM karmabaMdhana, paramArtha Adi ke viSaya meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai je savvaM jANaDa se egaM jaanni| 22 isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki vastutattva kA vAstavika svarUpa eka ke jAnane meM hI hai aura jo eka ko jAnatA hai, vahI usake nija va para svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| samyaktva adhyayana-isa adhyayana meM bhI cAra uddezaka haiN| ye cAroM hI adhyayana bhAva para bala dete haiN| (28) For Personal & Private Use Only

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lokasAra adhyayana isa adhyayana meM chaha uddezaka haiN| mUlataH isameM saMsAra paribhramaNa ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA aura aMtima uddezaka meM rAga-dveSa, kaSAya evaM viSaya Avarta kI vimukti hetu saMvara evaM nirjarA para bala diyA gayA hai| karma nirjarA hone para jIva mukta hotA hai| mukta avasthA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA rUpa, rasa, gaMdha Adi nahIM rhtaa| dhUta adhyayana isa adhyayana meM pA~ca uddezaka haiN| vRttikAra ne dhUta zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kathana kiyA hai ki dhUta kA artha dhunanA yA dho DAlanA hai, vaha do prakAra kA hai-dravya-dhUta va bhAva-dhUta / vastra Adi ko dhonA, usakA mala dUra karanA dravya-dhUta hai aura AtmA para lage hue ATha karmoM ko dhunanA bhAva dhUta hai| kahA bhI hai uvasaggA sammANayavihUANi paMcamaMmi uddese davvadhuyaM vatthAI bhAvadhuyaM kamma aThavihaM / 23 dhUta adhyayana ke mUla sUtra meM jo gaMDI, kor3I, rAjAMsi, mUrchA Adi rogoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, una sabhI solaha rogoM kI vRttikAra ne vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| ve roga kaise tathA kisa kAraNa se hote haiN| isakA bhI kathana kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie madhuroga ko liyA jA sakatA hai, use vastIroga kahA hai| vastIroga yA madhuroga zakkara kI adhika mAtrA se hotA hai, yaha roga bhI bIsa prakAra kA hai| madhumeha ke kAraNoM va usase hone vAlI vyAdhiyoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| isI dhUta adhyayana meM yoni dRSTi ko bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka jIva kI alaga-alaga yoniyA~ haiM, unameM duHkha-sukha kA anubhava hotA hai| bAlyakAla se lekara rogoM se zoka, viyoga, duryoga va doSa Adi hote haiN| ye mRtyuparyaMta rahate haiN| pratyeka yoni meM bahuta duHkha haiM, karma karane meM bhI duHkha haiM, bala kI kamI hone meM bhI duHkha haiM arthAt bAlyAvasthA se lekara aMta taka aneka rogoM se ghirA huA jIva cikitsA ke lie Atura rahatA hai, ataH jIva ko AtmA kI vAstavikatA jAnane ke lie dharmAcaraNa kI ora pravRtti Avazyaka hai| aThAraha zIla guNoM se alaMkRta vyakti samyaktva ko prakAzita karatA hai, ataH samyaktva ke mArga kA anusaraNa karanA caahie| mahAparijJA adhyayana isa adhyayana ko prAyaH lupta mAnA gayA hai, vRttikAra ne bhI yaha spaSTa karate hue aSTama adhyayana kI ora apanI dRSTi vistRta kI hai| saptama adhyayana mahAparijJA kA adhyayana hai, yaha adhyayana vyucchinna hai / (29) For Personal & Private Use Only

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vimokSa adhyayana __ isa adhyayana meM ATha uddezaka haiM, yaha AThavA~ adhyayana mUlataH saMlekhanA va samAdhi kI vidhi kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| zramaNa ekatva bhAvanA se yukta saMlekhanA vidhi kA anusaraNa karatA hai| usake anusAra calatA hai aura krama se paMca mahAvrata kA pAlana karate hue apane dharma meM sthita hotA hai| vRttikAra ne Agama kI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zramaNoM ke lie eka hI bAta darzAI hai ki aMtima samaya meM zramaNa zAnta evaM AtmakalyANa kI kAmanA karatA rhe| upadhAna zruta __ isa adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka haiN| ina cAroM meM mahAbIra kI caryA, mahAvIra kI zayyA, mahAvIra kI sahiSNutA va mahAvIra kI tapazcaryA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne upadhAna kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai| "upa-sAmIpyena dhIyate-vyavasthApyata ityupadhAnaM"25 arthAt upa kA artha samIpatA hai, jo usakI samIpatA se apane Apako vyavasthita karatA hai, sthApita karatA hai yA jJAna karatA hai vaha upadhAna hai| upadhAna do prakAra kA hai dravyopadhAna-zayyAdi, sukha-zayana artharUpa AlaMbana / bhAvopadhAna-jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa rUpa hai| upadhAna kI vistRta vyAkhyA ke anantara jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI upadhAnatA ko dhIra evaM vIra kA vizeSa guNa mAnA hai| jo zramaNa inakA anusaraNa karate haiM, ve dhIra haiM evaM ve hI ziva tathA nirvANa prApta karate haiN| AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha cUlikA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isameM mUlataH municaryA ko darzAyA gayA hai| isake vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya ne jo vivaraNa die haiM ve dharma, darzana aura nIti ke guNoM se paripUrNa haiN| isameM piNDaiSaNA, zayyaiSaNA, IryAvRtti, bhASAsamiti, vastraiSaNA, uccAraprasravaNa evaM bhAvanA ke sUtroM meM AcArapradhAna mArga para calane vAle zramaNoM kI yathAsthiti ko vyakta kiyA hai aura yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki caraNa, karaNa aura jJAna kI vRtti hone para mukti kI prApti hotI hai, usake lie mUlaguNa va uttaraguNa meM pravRtti bhI honI caahie| isI se kriyA evaM jJAna donoM hI / yatheSTa mArga ko darzAte haiM / 26 piNDaiSaNA sUtra se pUrva vRttikAra ne aham ko maMgala rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai aura phira dvitIya zrutaskandha kI bhUmikA prArambha karate hue nikSepArtha dRSTi ko vyakta kiyA hai aura yaha bhI samajhAyA hai ki jIva-pudgala, samaya, dravya-pradeza aura paryAya ananta guNa rUpa haiN| sAdhu-sAdhvI, bhikSu-bhikSuNI, AcArakalpa kI bhUmikA meM sthita hokara nirjarAprekSI hote haiN|27 ve AhAra Adi kI prApti ke lie rAga-dveSa se rahita (30) For Personal & Private Use Only

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vRtti karate haiN| isI taraha isa parityAga ko mahatva dete hue samyagdharma kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| tabhI ve saMyata8 banate haiN| _AcArAMga vRtti ke viSaya ko sameTane ke lie sAdhvI rAjazrI ne jo kArya kiyA hai, usake viSaya meM kucha kaha pAnA sambhava nhiiN| unhoMne to Agama-paramparA, AcArAMga vRtti ke mUla viSaya kA vivecana, AcAra-mImAMsA, jJAna-mImAMsA, darzana-mImAMsA Adi ke sAtha-sAtha jo bhASA-zAstrIya adhyayana diyA hai, vaha atyanta sarAhanIya hai| yaha vRtti kA anusaMdhAnAtmaka rUpa samIcIna hai| isameM virATatA hai aura vastu viSayaparaka vivecana bhI hai| vaha anusaMdhAnakarcI sAdhuvAda evaM AziSa kI pAtra hai| sAdhvI cAritraprabhA For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha grantha 3. 7 ; 10. 12. 13. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 Avazyaka nirUkti gAthA, pR. 192 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 anuyogadvAra pR. 4 tatvArtha bhASya, 1/20 ratnAkarAvatArikA vRtti, syAdvAda maMjarI, pR. 38 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 AcArAMga vRtti pR. 3 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 4 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 5 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 18 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 67 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 70 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 70 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 76 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 83 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 85 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 99 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 101 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 114 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 155 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 157 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 198 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 287-88 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 227 16. 17. 18. 20. 21. 22. 25. 26. 27. 28. (32) For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArAMga zIlAMka vRtti eka adhyayana Yuan For Personal & Private Use Only

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1 Agama-vivecana zramaNa aura vaidika vicAradhArA bhAratIya saMskRti kI amUlya dharohara hai / isake vicArakoM aura ciMtakoM ne naye-naye AyAma prastuta kiye haiM / cintana kI gativAn paramparA donoM hI rUpoM meM rahegI / zramaNa cintana ke sUtradhAroM ne bha. mahAvIra upadiSTa vacana ko janopayogI banAne ke lie zruta ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai| zruta mUlataH vItarAga vANI hai, sarvajJa kA sArvabhaumika dRSTikoNa hai, jagata ke samasta vastu tattvoM kA rahasya hai, jise vicArazIla zrutadhArakoM dvArA dhAraNa kiyA gayA, surakSita rakhA gayA, tadanantara lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| aura yaha adyatana Agama sAhitya ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai 1 zramaNa saMskRti kI vicAradhArA sadaiva adhyAtma cintana ko bala detI rahI hai / usameM nivRtti se pravRtti aura pravRtti se nivRtti kA mArga sAmane AyA / jainAgama kI yaha amUlya dharohara bhAratIya saMskRti kA pramukha kendra bana jAtI hai, jinakI surakSA evaM upAdeyatA tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM, dhArmika cintana se paripUrNa bhAvoM, sAMskRtika mUlyoM se ota-prota sAmagrI Adi se abhivyaMjita huI hai / jainAgamoM kI upAdeyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara anusaMdhAna ke isa krama meM nayA adhyAya ho sakatA hai| jainAgamoM kA cayana jIvana-mUlyoM ke cayana se kama nahIM hai / isalie AgamoM meM jisa jIvana-mUlya kI cetanA ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai, usakI vizeSatAoM para AdhArita yaha Alekha dizA sUcaka banegA / Agama zabda kA prayoga Agama anAdi hai| Apta ke vAkya ke anurUpa Agama hai / jinheM Agama, siddhAnta yA pravacana / prakhyaNA bhI kahA jAtA thA / ' Apta AjJA Agama hai, zAsana hai, eka-dUsare ke virodha se rahita vacana rUpa Agama hai / Agama meM asatya vacana nahIM hote haiM, kyoMki Agama sarvajJa dvArA upadiSTa haiN| unake vacanoM meM kahIM bhI, kisI bhI taraha kA virodha nahIM hotA hai, isalie Agama vacana satya para AdhArita haiM aura unakA jitanA bhI pratipAdya viSaya hai vaha Aja bhI cintana ko prastuta karane vAlA hai / Agama zabda ke viSaya meM kaI dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| vaidika saMskRti kI apekSA Agama veda hai / bauddha vicAradhArA meM Agama piTaka ke rUpa meM haiM aura zramaNa saMskRti ke cintana meM Agama zruta rUpa meM haiN| jinheM zruta, sUtra, grantha, AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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siddhAnta, vacana, Apta vacana, upadeza prajJApanA Adi bhI kahA gayA hai| etihna AmnAya, jina-vacana kA nAma hI Agama hai| Agama kI vyutpatti Agama zabda -'A' upasarga pUrvaka 'gam' dhAtu se utpanna huA hai 1 'A' upasarga kA artha pUrNa hai jise 'samantAt' zabda se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai aura 'gam' dhAtu kA artha 'gati', ceSTA yA prApti / upalabdhi, jo prApta kiyA jAe, use gati kahate haiN| isalie Agama kI vyutpatti 'A - samantAd gamyate vastutattvamanenetyAgamaH', kI jAtI hai arthAt 'A' upasarga se samantAt kI prApti jisase ho, vaha Agama vastu tattva kA bodha karAne vAlA hai| Agama kA svarUpa samyak zikSA kA bodha karAne vAlA vizeSa jJAna jise prApta ho vaha 'Agama' hai, zAstra hai, Agama zAstra hai aura zruta hai / zruta jJAna bhI hai / ' Apta ke vacana Adi se hone vAle jJAna ko bhI Agama kahate haiM, kyoMki vastu tattva kA paripUrNa jJAna Agama se hI hotA hai| isalie jisase vastu tattva kA paripUrNa jJAna ho vaha Agama hai / sakala zruta ke viSaya kI vyApti rUpa se maryAdA se jo vastu tattva kI yathA rUpa meM prarUpaNA kI jAtI hai yA artha kA bodha karAyA jAtA hai vaha 'Agama hai| Agama mUla rUpa meM sarvajJa upadiSTa artha hai / gaNadharoM ne jinheM sUtra rUpa meM guMjita kiyA hai tathA usa Agata paramparA, jo AcAryoM dvArA yathArtha sthAna nirdiSTa kiyA ho, vaha Agama hai / AcArAMga vRtti meM yahI kahA gayA hai / Agama meM Apta kA upadeza hai / 'zrutamiti zrutajJAnaM' arthAt Agama zruta hai, zrutajJAna hai / I Apta vacana se utpanna artha jJAna 'Agama' hai / arthAt jo Apta kA kahA huA hai vaha vAdI prativAdI dvArA khaNDita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / pratyakSa anumAna Adi pramANoM se virodha rahita hai, jisameM vastu tattva kA upadeza hai, jo saba jIvoM kA hita karane vAlA hai aura mithyApatha kA khaNDana karane vAlA hai, vaha satyArtha zAstra Agama / Avazyaka niryukti meM isI bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue kathana kiyA hai ki arhanta artha rUpa meM upadeza dete haiM, gaNadhara apanI nipuNatA se sUtra racate haiM tathA zAsana ke hita ke lie una sUtroM kA pravartana kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne 'sammai sutta' meM upayukta kathana kiyA hai| mUlAcAra ke praNetA baTTakera ne kathana kiyA hai ki sUtra gaNadhara kathita hai, pratyekabuddha dvArA nirUpita hai, zrutakevalI dvArA pratipAdita hai| isake atirikta Agama dasa pUrva ke rUpa meM bhI nirUpita hai| meM kathita hai, isa taraha Agama ke vividha svarUpa eka hI viSaya ko pratipAdita karate haiM ki Agama pUrva paramparA se Agata hai / arhat dvArA artha rUpa gaNadharoM dvArA sUtra rUpa meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura AcAryoM dvArA usa zruta 1 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vidhi ko lipi baddha karake aneka rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| yadyapi Agama anAdi haiN| ve arthAgama ke rUpa meM haiM aura sUtra Agama rUpa meM bhI haiM phira bhI Agama kI akSaya nidhi sabhI taraha se apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| Agama ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha kahA yA likhA jA sakatA hai, parantu usake vistAra meM na jAkara usakI sAmAnya jAnakArI se pUrva Agama jisa rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ae unakA ullekha bhI karanA Avazyaka hai| Agama vAcanA jo Agama zruta rUpa meM pUrva paramparA se cale Ae hue the, jisakI zruta dhArA abAdha gati se calatI rahI ve zruta jJAna ke viSaya se ausata hone lage taba zruta paramparA kI surakSA kA upAya kiyA gayA hogaa| Agama, jo pUrva meM zruta ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the, mahAvIra ke pazcAt unheM vidhivat jJAna, sAdhanA evaM smRti ke AdhAra para lipibaddha kiyA gyaa| AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para vividha vAcanAe~ kiiN| unake AdhAra para Agama ko surakSita kiyA gyaa| Agama kI pracalita vAcanAe~ vicArakoM kI dRSTi se nimna prakAra haiM 1. pATalIputra vAcanA-yaha prathama vAcanA mahAvIra nirvANa ke pazcAt (160 varSa ke pazcAt) pATalIputra-paTanA meM bAraha varSa ke bhISaNa akAla ke pazcAt huI thI, jinameM gyAraha aGgoM kA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| bArahaveM aGga grantha ke jJAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI the| 2. dvitIya vAcanA-mahAvIra nirvANa ke 160 varSa ke pazcAt samrATa khAravela ke samaya meM dvitIya vAcanA huI thii| hAthI guMphA zilAlekha se yaha spaSTa hai| 3. mathurA vAcanA-vI. ni. saM. 827-840 meM AcArya skandila ne apane netRtva meM zramaNa saMgha kA sammelana bulaayaa| usa samaya skandilAcArya ne mathurA meM AgamoM kI surakSA evaM vivecana kI dRSTi se sammelana karAyA, jisase zruta jJAna kA vilupta bhaNDAra punaH prakAza meM aayaa| 4. vallabhI vAcanA-vI. ni.saM. 827-840 meM AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM yaha vAcanA saurASTra prAnta ke vallabhI nagara meM huI thI, jise nAgArjunIya vAcanA bhI kahA jAtA hai.|21 . . . 5. vallabhI vAcanA-devardhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM punaH zramaNa saMgha kA sammelana bulAyA gayA, jisameM zruta sAhitya ke aMzoM ko pATha-pAThAntaroM ke rUpa meM bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| devadhigaNI kI yaha vallabhI vAcanA sampUrNa Agama sAhitya kI pracalita paramparA kI sAkSI hai arthAt Agama aGga Agama Adi sAhitya kA sampUrNa vibhAjana viSaya Adi kI dRSTi se isa vallabhI vAcanA meM spaSTa huA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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Agama sAhitya kA maulika rUpa Agama sAhitya kI mUlataH do pracalita paramparAe~ haiM - ( 1 ) zaurasenI Agama aura (2) ardhamAgadhI Agama / anuyoga dRSTi se Agama anuyoga sUtra aura artha ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karane vAlA eka vizeSa adhyayana hai jisameM viSaya ke anusAra viSaya-vastu kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai anuyoga ke cAra prakAra haiM I 1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga 2. dharmakathAnuyoga 3. gaNitAnuyoga 4. dravyAnuyoga / caraNakaraNAnuyoga meM zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra kI prarUpaNA hai / dharmakathAnuyoga meM caritra, dRSTAnta evaM kathA Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| gaNitAnuyoga meM gaNita evaM jyotiSa Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa aura dravyAnuyoga meM AdhyAtmika viSaya sambandhita jJAna kI carcA hai 1 arhatapraNIta vacana do taraha ke haiM (1) aGga praviSTa aura (2) aGga bAhya / 12 aGga Adi granthoM kA vibhAjana inhIM do rUpoM meM huA hai / aGga praviSTa meM bAraha aGgoM ko sthAna diyA hai| aGga bAhya meM (1) upAMga (2) cheda sUtra (3) mUla sUtra ( 4 ) prakIrNaka ye bhAga haiN| aGga praviSTa ko puruSa ke aGga kI taraha sthAna diyA gayA hai, jaise - manuSya ke do paira, do jaMghAe~, do urU, do gUtrArdha, do bAhu, grIrvA aura sira, ye bAraha hI hote haiM, vaise hI Rtu puruSa ke AcArAMga Adi bAraha hI aGga mAne gaye haiN| karaNa, nAsikA, cakSu, hAtha Adi upAMga haiN| upAMga sAhitya kA vivecana tattvArtha bhASya meM kiyA gayA hai / cheda sUtroM kA bhI ullekha hai / aGga evaM upAMga Adi sUtroM ke vivecana ke vivAda meM na par3a kara vartamAna meM pracalita Agama sAhitya kA saMkSipta paricaya hI yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa Agama sAhitya gyAraha aGga grantha - 1. AcArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga, 4. samavAyAMga, 5. bhagavatI, 6. jJAtRdharmakathA, 7. upAsakadazA, 8. antakRddazA, 9. anuttaropapAtika, 10. praznavyAkaraNa aura 11. vipAkasUtra / bAraha upAMga- 1. aupapAtika, 2. rAjapraznIya, 3. jIvAbhigama, 4. prajJApanA, 5 . jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 6 . sUryaprajJapti, 7. candraprajJapti, 8. nirayAvaliyA, 9. kalpavaMtasikA, 10. puSpikA, 11. puSpacUlikA aura 12. vRSNidazA / mUla sUtra - 1. Avazyaka 2. dazavaikAlika 3. uttarAdhyayana 4. nandI 5. anuyoga dvAra aura 6. piNDaniyukti / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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cheda sUtra - 1. nizItha, 2. mahAnizItha, 3. bRhatkalpa, 4. vyavahAra, 5. dazAzrutaskandha aura 6. paJcakalpa / dasa prakIrNa - 1. AturaprayAkhyAna, 2. bhaktaparijJA, 3. tandulavaicArika, 4. candra vedhyaka, 5. devendrastava, 6. gaNividyA, 7. mahApratyAkhyAna, 8. catuHzaraNa, 9. vIrastava aura 10. saMstAraka | Agama sAhitya kI saMkSipta rUparekhA aGga sAhitya 1. AcArAMga -- AyAro, AcArAMga evaM AyArAMga ke nAma se prasiddha yaha Agama aGga granthoM meM mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / vRttikAra ne ise aGgoM kA sAra kahA hai / 13 AcAra-vicAra evaM zramaNa- zramaNiyoM ke sthAna Adi kA vivecana karane vAlA AcArAMga sUtra do zruta skandhoM meM vibhakta hai / isake prathama zruta meM nau adhyayana haiM, jo baMbhacera nAma se prasiddha haiN| inameM 44 uddezaka haiM bhASA, viSaya, varNana Adi kI dRSTi se prathama zruta skandha adhika maulika aura prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / dvitIya zruta skandha meM 16 adhyayana haiM, ina adhyayanoM meM mUlataH zramaNa caryA ke viSayoM ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA 2. sUtrakRtAMga -- yaha sUyagaDAMga, sUtagaMDa, sUtakaMDa yA sUyagaMDa nAma se prasiddha hai|14 yaha dvitIya Agama aGga grantha jJAna, vinaya, kriyA Adi dArzanika viSayoM kA aura anya mata-matAntaroM kI mAnyatAoM kA vivecana karatA hai / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM pracalita 363 matoM kA ullekha isa Agama meM kiyA gayA hai / 15 svasamaya aura parasamaya kI sUcanA dene ke kAraNa yaha sUtrakRtAMga grantha ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isameM zramaNoM kI sAdhanA aura unake AcAra-vicAra kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yaha Agama do zruta skandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zruta skandha meM 16 adhyayana haiM, jinameM svasamaya aura parasamaya kA vivecana hai| isameM paJca mahAbhUtavAdI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai / AtmA kI advaita dRSTi, jIva kI zarIravAdI dRSTi, akriyAvAdI, AtmaSaSThavAdI, paJcaskandhavAdI, kSaNikavAdI, jJAnavAdI, niyativAdI, lokavAdI Adi ke vicAroM kA vivecana evaM tatsambandhI doSoM kA nirAkaraNa tathA svapakSa kA vivecana isa zruta skandha kI vizeSatA hai / dvitIya zruta skandha bhI dArzanika dRSTi ko pratipAdita karane vAlA hai / isameM sAta adhyayana haiM, ve dArzanika matoM ke sAtha sAMsArika viSayoM ke parityAga kA kAraNa prastuta karate haiM / gadya-padya pradhAna yaha aGga grantha bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se dArzanika jagata meM jitanA prasiddha hai, utanA hI bhASA vaijJAnika jagata meM bhI prasiddha hai| 3. sthAnAMga--isa sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiM jinheM sthAna kahA gayA hai| ina dasa sthAnoM meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, jIva aura pudgala - ina chaH dravyoM kA AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 5

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vivecana hai| 783 sUtroM meM vibhakta yaha sUtra grantha jIva-ajIva Adi ke bheda aura unake guNa paryAyoM kI saMkhyAoM kA lekhA-jokhA prastuta karatA hai| 4. samavAyAMga-eka saMkhyA se lekara dasa taka kI saMkhyA vividha sthAnoM ko nirdhArita karane vAlI hai| dasa ke atirikta do. do saMkhyA vAle sthAna bhI isameM haiN| isa taraha yaha saMkhyAoM ke AdhAra para jIvAdi dravyoM kI prarUpaNA karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa aGga grantha hai| eka se lagA kor3Akor3i kI saMkhyAoM ke AdhAra para viSaya kI vastu kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| . eka vastu meM AtmA, do vastu meM jIva aura ajIva rAzi, tIna meM tIna gRhita, cAra meM cAra kaSAya, pA~ca meM paJca mahAvrata Adi ke sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa isa grantha meM hai| samavAya samudAya ko kahate haiN| 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti vibhinna prakAra kI prarUpaNAoM ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha aGga grantha praznottara zailI ke lie prasiddha hai| isameM jIvAdi padArthoM kI vyAkhyAoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM 36000 praznoM ke uttara haiM jo bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM bhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM ke samAdhAna haiN| praznakartA gautama gaNadhara haiM aura samAdhAnakartA bhagavAn mhaaviir| isameM dArzanika, AdhyAtmika, sAmAjika, tAtvika evaM gaNita sambandhI viSayoM kA vivecana praznotara rUpa meM hI hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke rUpa meM prasiddha yaha vyAkhyAprajJapti sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko prastuta karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa grantha kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki isameM nagara, janapada, rAjya, vaibhava, dAsa-dAsI Adi kA bhI vivecana hai| isameM kucha jIvana ghaTanAoM aura kathAoM kA bhI ullekha hai, isalie yaha vividha viSayoM kA zabdAgAra bhI hai| 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra prastuta Agama do zruta skandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zruta skandha meM 19 adhyayana haiN| ina adhyayanoM meM vividha kathAe~, upa kathAe~, dRSTAnta, upa dRSTAnta evaM udAharaNa haiN| jo jJAtR putra mahAvIra ke dharma pradhAna prasaMgoM ko prastuta karate haiN| jJAtA kA artha hai udAharaNa rUpa aura dharmakathA kA artha hai dharma pradhAna kathAnaka / ataH jJAna dharma kathA udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se dharma sAdhanA kI prakriyA ko samajhAne vAlA mahattvapUrNa Agama grantha hai| isameM vividha dRSTAntoM evaM rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se vinaya kI zikSA dI gaI hai| paJca mahAvratoM kI mahimA kA guNagAna kiyA gayA hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra zreSThatA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| mahApuruSoM ke caritra-pradhAna kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se sAdhanA patha kI preraNA dI gaI hai| prathama zruta skandha sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM ke lie sAdhanA ke mArga ko prastuta karane vAlA hai| dvitIya zruta skandha meM eka adhyayana hai jo dasa bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai. jise varga kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| yaha bhI saMyama sAdhanA kI zreSThatA kI vivecanA vAlA AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyayana hai| usakI vibhinna kathAe~, upakathAe~, dRSTAnta evaM udAharaNa zraddhA ko utpanna karane vAle haiM 1 isa taraha yaha jJAtAdharmakathA aGga grantha jahA~ samasta kathAoM, upakathAoM, dRSTAntoM ke kAraNa kathA sAhitya kA prArambhika cihna hai, vahA~ yaha sAMskRtika sAmagrI kA nicor3a prastuta karane vAlA bhI hai| isameM dRSTAnta, rUpaka aura kathAoM meM vividha nagara, gA~va, udyAna, vana, nadI, tAlAba, rAjA, maMtrI, rAjaputra, zreSThI, zreSThIputra, putra-putravadhU mAtA-pitA, dAsa-dAsI Adi kI paryApta sAmagrI isake viSaya kI gambhIratA ko pratipAdita karane vAlI hai / 7. upAsaka dazAMga sUtra--- upAsaka loka meM pUjita hotA hai; kyoMki usakA sAdhanA mArga dharma mArga ke bAraha vratoM para AdhArita hotA hai / zrAvaka meM aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSA vrata hai jo ina vratoM kI ArAdhanA evaM pUrNa hiMsA Adi vratoM ke tyAgI haiM, ve zramaNa nirgranthoM kI upAsanA karate haiM / isalie ve gRhastha dharma ke guNoM para calane vAle AMzika hiMsAdi vratoM ke tyAgI zramaNopAsaka haiM, zrAvaka haiM yA upAsaka haiM / upAsaka-dazAMga sUtra dasa adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai 1. Ananda, 2. kAmadeva, 3. cUlanI pitA, 4. surAdeva, 5. kuNDakaulika, 6 : zakaDAla putra, 7. mahAzataka, 8. nandanI pitA, 9. zAlinI pitA aura 10 . tetalIpitA (zAlIputra) ye dasa mahAvIra ke upAsaka haiM isalie isakA nAma upAsaka dazAMga sUtra hai 1 Ananda Adi dasa upAsakoM ke vaibhava, bhoga-vilAsa, dhana-dhAnya Adi kA varNana bhI kathAnakoM ke prasaMga meM AgayA hai / ye sabhI zrAvaka gRhastha dharma meM rata zrAvakoM ke guNoM se anabhijJa the| jaise hI mahAvIra kA vicaraNa usa prAnta yA nagara huA, usa prAnta ke nara-nArI dharma zravaNa hetu upasthita ho jAte the / unhIM ke bIca meM kucha aise zrAvaka bhI dharma zravaNa karate haiM jo sabhI dRSTiyoM se samRddha the tathA jo bhoga-vilAsa Adi meM DUbe hue the / ve bhI dharmakathA yA dharmopadeza se prerita hokara sarvaprathama zrAvaka vratoM ko aGgIkAra kara apane jIvana kI yAtrA kA zubhArambha karate the| mahAvIra ke sAdhanA mArga para cala zruta abhyAsa, tapazcaryA, yama-niyama Adi vratoM ko dhAraNa karanA pramukha uddezya thA / niyamAnusAra gRhastha dharma meM rata 15 karmAdAnoM se rahita apanI jIvikA calAte the / mUlataH ye Ananda Adi dasa aise zrAvaka the, jinhoMne sAdhanA mArga ko apanAkara samAdhikaraNa ko dhAraNa kiyA, taduparAnta vividha aizvarya ke sAtha devaloka ko prApta hue / 8. antakRtadazAMga - sUtra - saMsAra kA anta karane vAle 90 mahAn AtmAoM ke jIvana kA citraNa isa Agama grantha meM hai, jinhoMne apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 7

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kevalajJAna ko prApta karake samasta karmoM kA anta kiyA hai yA samasta karma bandhanoM se mukta hue haiM, una mahAn puruSoM kI jIvanacaryA isa aGga grantha meM hai| isa Agama grantha ke adhyayana varga ke rUpa meM vibhakta haiN| adhyayana kA samUha hI varga hai| isameM vartamAna samaya meM hone vAle (mahAvIra ke samaya meM hone vAle) 90 zramaNa-zragaNiyoM kA varNana hai| yaha Agama sAMskRtika, dhArmika aura dArzanika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| 9. anuttaropapAtika prastuta Agama meM prabhAvaka divya sAdhakoM kI jyotirmaya sAdhanA kA varNana hai| anuttara kA artha hai jisase koI pradhAna, zreSTha yA uttama nahIM hai aura upapAta'6 kA artha hai-janma grahaNa krnaa| isakA sAbhiprAya yaha hai ki devaloka ke zreSTha vimAnoM meM janma lene vAle saadhk| ye anuttara vimAna pA~ca haiM 1. vijaya, 2. vaijayanta, 3. jayanta, 4. aparAjita aura 5. sarvArtha siddhi / ina vimAnoM ko prApta karane vAle sabhI deva samyag dRSTi hote haiM aura manuSyabhava ko prApta. karake sarva karma-bandhana se mukta-unmukta ho jAte haiN| isameM dasa adhyayana haiN| yaha tIna vargoM meM vibhakta hai| tIna vargoM meM 33 divya puruSoM ke jIvana kA varNana hai| prathama aura dvitIya varga meM kramaza: zreNika rAjA ke Atmaja jAli kumAra Adi ke 10 adhyayana aura dIrghasena Adi ke 13 adhyayana haiN| tRtIya varga meM 1. dhanya-dhannA aNagAra, 2. sunakSatra, 3. RSidAsa, 4. pelaka, 5. rAma-putra, 6. candra kumAra, 7. poSThI-putra, 8. peDhAla kumAra, 9. poTila kumAra aura 10. bahala kumAra ke dasa adhyayana haiN| ye sabhI sAdhaka apane sAdhanA kAla ko sampUrNa karake anuttara vimAna meM gaye haiM aura vahA~ se cyuta hokara manuSyabhava ko prApta kareMge aura punaH sAdhanA karake siddha buddha evaM mukta bneNge| yaha sUtra AkAra kI dRSTi se laghu hai| isake pratyeka varga meM pahale adhyayana kA vistAra se varNana hai| zeSa adhyayanoM kI kathAoM meM saMketa mAtra kiyA gayA hai| yaha devaloka ko prApta hone vAle puruSoM ke jIvana kA samasta citraNa karane vAlA Agama hai| isameM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI vizeSatAoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie dharmopadeza zailI ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| 10. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra-isa Agama meM praznoM kA sva-samaya aura para-samaya kA nirUpaNa karane meM pravINa pratyeka buddha zramaNa dvArA anekAnta bhASA meM diye gaye uttaroM kI yA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA jagata ke jIvoM ke hita ke liye kiye samAdhAna kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| isa Agama meM dasa dvAra haiM-pahale pA~ca dvAroM meM hiMsA Adi pA~ca AsavoM kA aura antima meM ahiMsA, satya Adi pA~ca saMvaroM kA varNana hai| prazna kA artha sAmAnya rUpa se jijJAsA hotA hai, parantu yaha Agama vidyA vizeSa ko AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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pratipAdita karane vAlA hone se vividha tathyoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA hai| prazna aura vyAkaraNa ye donoM hI zabda vividha prakAra ke abhiprAya ke pratipAdaka, vivecaka yA vyAkhyA karane vAle haiM arthAt prazna kA artha hai-padArtha ko jAnane kI icchaa| usa icchA ke pratipAdita jo vAkya haiM, ve prazna haiN| prazna vyAkaraNa kA artha jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna kI khoja hai| isa taraha yaha Agama mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita samAdhAnoM kI samyak sUcI hai jisameM jagata ke sampUrNa mAnava ke hita ke liye unakI jijJAsAoM ke anusAra zikSA pradAna kI gaI hai| 11. vipAka sUtra-zubha aura azubha ye do karma haiN| donoM hI karmoM kA vipAka (phala) arthAt pariNAma acchA-burA hotA hai isameM acche aura bure karmoM kI vivecanA hai| abhayadeva sUrI ne isakI vRtti meM kahA hai ki yaha vipAka sUtra pApa aura puNya ke vipAka kA varNana karane vAlA Agama hai / 8 sthAnAMga sUtra meM ise 'kamma-vivAya dasAo' nAma se smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isake do zruta skandha haiM1. duHkha vipAka aura 2. sukha vipaak| donoM meM dasa-dasa adhyayana haiM pratyeka adhyayana kathAtmaka zailI se yukta haiN| duHkhI vyakti ke jIvana ko darzAne ke lie duHkha vipAka nAmaka isa adhyayana meM mahAvIra se pUche gaye praznoM ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM kisI vyakti vizeSa ke vyaktittva ko sAmane rakha kara karma kI pratyeka duHkha rUpa avasthA kA vivecana kiyA hai| pUrva bhava ke rUpa meM karmoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| unameM kisI vyakti vizeSa ke pUrva bhava ko AdhAra banAkara andhe, lUle, la~gar3e, gUMge yA bahare Adi ke kAraNoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| mRgAputra, ujikA, abhagnasena, saghaTa, vRhaspati datta, nandIvardhana, zauriya datta, devadattA aJju Adi kI kathA karma vipAka kI vAstavikatA ko pratipAdita karane vAlI hai| azubha karma kA phala naraka aura tiryaMca ke duHkhoM ko utpanna karane vAlA hai| azubha karma se hI saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa banatA hai isalie kathAoM ke anta meM vyakti ko yahI zikSA dI gaI hai ki duSkarma yA krUra karmoM ke kAraNoM se apane Apa ko bacAe~, duSTatA se dUra rheN| pahalA sukha vipAka se sambandhita isake dvitIya zruta skandha meM subAhu kumAra Adi ke pUrva bhava kA varNana kiyA hai| saMyamaniSTha jIvana, tapazcaryApUrNa jIvana nizcita hI karma bandhanoM ko tor3ane vAlA hai| karma bandhana samyaktva ke bAdhaka haiN| isalie saMsAra sAMgara se pAra hone ke lie jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI jyotirmaya dRSTi ko jagAnA Avazyaka hai| isa sukha vipAka meM zubha karma karane vAlA sukhapUrvaka apane sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM samartha hotA hai| aGga aura upAMga zurU se hI pracalita haiN| aGga granthoM meM AcArAMga Adi kA vivecana hai aura upAMga granthoM meM aupapAtika Adi dvAdaza upAMga AgamoM ko rakhA jAtA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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vaidika granthoM meM purANa, nyAya aura dharmazAstra ko upAMga kahA gayA hai| cAra vedoM ke bhI aGga haiM aura unake upAMga bhI hote haiN| zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, chanda, nirUkta aura jyotiSa-ye cha: aGga haiN| purANa, nyAya mImAMsA aura dharmazAstra upAMga haiN| aGgoM kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai aura upAMgoM kI racanA sthaviroM ne kI hai isalie donoM kA sambandha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI aGga granthoM kI taraha upAMga granthoM kA bhI apanA sthAna hai| ve dvAdazAMga kI taraha bhI dvAdaza saMkhyA rUpa haiM jinakA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai dvAdaza-upAMga upAMga-Agama-sAhitya 1. aupapAtika sUtra isa Agama meM campA nagarI, pUrNa bhadra udyAna, vana khaNDa, azoka vRkSa, pRthvI-zilA kA aura campA ke adhipati koNika rAjA, mahArAnI dhAraNI. aura usake rAja-parivAra tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra kA varNana hai| isameM vibhinna sampradAyoM ke tApasa zramaNoM evaM bhikSuoM, parivrAjakoM aura usake sAdhanoM ke dvArA prApta hone vAlI devagati meM upapAta Adi kA ullekha hai| karma bandha ke kAraNa kevalI samudghAta aura siddha svarUpa kA bhI varNana hai / deva nArakiyoM ke janma evaM siddhi-gamana ke kAraNa kA varNana isa sUtra meM hai| aupapAtika sUtra meM 43 sUtra haiN| isa para abhayadeva sUri ne vRtti racI hai| 2. rAjapraznIya sUtra-ise rAyapaseNiya bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM rAjA prasenajita nAma kI kathA hai| isameM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke kezI zramaNa ke sAtha eka nAstika rAjA pradezI ke jIvana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAjA kA jIvana parivartana evaM zrAvaka dharma kA paripAlana karanA, samAdhipUrvaka maraNa, sUryAbha nAmaka deva kA bananA Adi varNana prastuta Agama meM hai| rAjapraznIya kI gaNanA prAcIna Agama granthoM meM kI jAtI hai| yaha viSaya varNana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai; kyoMki isameM dArzAnika praznoM kA samAdhAna vividha dRSTiyoM se kiyA gayA hai| yaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, jisameM 217 sUtra haiN| malayagiri ne 12vIM zatAbdI meM isa para TIkA racI hai| prastuta Agama jahA~ vividha sUcanAoM ko dene vAlA grantha hai, vahA~ nATya racanA, vedikA sopAna, pratiSThAna, stamba, ilukA, indrakIla Adi abhinaya kA varNana bhI hai| isameM sthApatya kalA, saMgIta kalA aura nATya kalA bhI dekhane ko milatI hai| 3. jIvAbhigama-prastuta Agama meM jIva-ajIva, dvIpa, samudra, nadI Adi kA vistRta varNana hai| jIvAbhigama kA artha hai-jisa Agama meM jIva aura ajIva kA abhigama jJAna hai| isameM nava prakaraNa haiN| isameM gaNadhara aura mahAvIra ke prazna aura unake uttara Adi kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiM / isameM 20 vibhAga haiM / isakI malayagiri AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI TIkA prasiddha hai| haribhadra aura devasUri ne bhI isa para apanI vRtti racI hai| jIvAbhigama para cUrNi bhI prApta hotI hai| yaha sUtra nau prakaraNoM meM vibhakta hai, jisameM 227 sUtra haiN| isameM sAMskRtika sAmagrI kI pracuratA bhI dekhane ko milatI hai; kyoMki isake prakaraNoM meM vividha prakAra ke dhAtuoM kA vivecana, astra-zastroM kA varNana, bhavana-vastra Adi kA ullekha evaM vividha prakAra ke rogoM kA bhI vivecana hai| isalie yaha sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM sthApatya kalA kA bhI varNana hai| 4. prajJApanA sUtra.-prajJApanA kA artha hai-prakarSa rUpa se jJApana karanA-jAnanA / jisa Agama dvArA padArtha ke svarUpa ko prakarSa vyavasthita rUpa se jAnA-samajhA jAe, use prajJApanA kahate haiN| isameM jIva, ajIva, Astrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa kA varNana hai| prajJApanA meM 349 sUtra haiM jo 36 padoM meM vibhakta haiM 1. prajJApanA, 2. sthAna, 3. alpa bahutva, 4. sthiti, 5. paryApta, 6. upapAtodvartana, 7. ucchavAsa, 8. saMjJA, 9. yoni, 10. carama, 11. bhASA, 12. zarIra, 13. pariNAma, 14. kaSAya, 15. indriya, 16. prayoga, 17. lezyA, 18. kAryasthiti, 19. samyaktva, 20. antaHkriyA, 21. avagAhana; 22. kriyA, 23 karma prakRti, 24. karma bandha, 25. karma veda, 26, karma veda bandha, 27. karma prakRti veda, 28. AhAra, 29. upayoga, 30. pazyata, 31. saMjJA, 32. saMyama, 33. jJAna pariNAma, 34. pravicAra parimANa, 35. vedanA aura 36. smudghaat| isameM vividha prakAra kI bhASAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| ardha mAgadhI bhASA ko Arya bhASA kahA hai| isI prasaMga meM brAhmI, yAvanI, kharoSThI, aGkalipi aura Adarza lipi Adi kA ullekha hai| __5. jambUdvIpaprajJapti jambUdvIpa evaM usameM sthita bharata kSetra Adi kA varNana isa Agama kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| yaha bhaugolika viSaya ko pratipAdita karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isameM avasarpiNi aura utsarpiNi ina do kAloM kA varNana hai| ye kAla aura rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| isake prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya Are meM dasa kalpa vRkSoM kA varNana hai tathA tRtIya evaM caturtha Are meM bhAvI tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartI, baladeva aura vAsudeva Adi pratinArAyaNoM kA bhI vivecana hai| ____ jambUdvIpaprajJapti para kaI TIkAe~ racI gaI haiN| jinameM dharmasAgara upAdhyAya kI TIkA prasiddha hai| isa para puNyasAgara upAdhyAya ne bhI TIkA racI hai| zAnticandra vAcaka ne prameya-ratna-maJjUSA nAma se TIkA racI hai| isake atirikta bahmarSi kI bhI TIkA hai| yaha Agama do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha / pUrvArddha meM cAra aura uttarArddha meM tIna vacchakAra haiM, jo 176 sUtroM meM vibhakta haiN| isa taraha yaha Agama AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhaugolika citraNa ke atirikta tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi ke janma sthAna, zAsana, rAjya, zikSA, dIkSA Adi ke varNana ke kAraNa aitihAsika grantha bhI hai| 6. sUryaprajJapti-yaha prAbhRta rUpa meM vibhakta hai| isameM kula 20 prAbhRta haiM, jinameM sUrya Adi jyotiSa cakra kA varNana hai| khagolazAstra kI dRSTi se isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM sUrya, candra aura nakSatroM kI gati Adi kA 108. sUtroM meM varNana hai| isake 20 prAbhRta nimna haiM 1.maMDala gati saMkhyA, 2. sUrya kA tiryaka paribhramaNa, 3. prakAzya kSetra parimANa, 4. prakAza saMsthAna, 5. lezyA pratighAta, 6. prakAza kathana, 7. prakAza saMkSipta, 8. udaya-asta-saMsthiti, 9. pauruSI chAyA parimANa, 10. yoga svarUpa, 11. saMvatsaroM kA Adi-anta, 12. saMvatsaroM ke bheda, 13. candra kI vRddhi-kSaya, 14. jyotsnA lakSaNa, 15. zIghra manda gati nirNaya, 16. andhakAra, 17. cyavana aura upapAta, 18. jyotiSI vimAnoM kI U~cAI, 19. candra-sUrya saMkhyA aura 20. candra-sUrya anubhaav| ukta 19 prAbhRtoM meM praznotara ke rUpa meM viSaya ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isa para malayagiri ne TIkA racI hai aura bhadrabAhu ne niyukti racI hai| yaha bhAratIya jyotiSa kA mahattvapUrNa grantha mAnA jAtA hai; kyoMki isameM gaNita ke AdhAra para sUrya, candra evaM nakSatra Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai isalie ise jyotiSa aura gaNita kA bhaNDAgAra kahA jA sakatA hai| 7. candraprajJapti-candra ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha Agama grantha sUrya prajJapti kI taraha candra jyotiSa cakra kA varNana karane vAlA hai| isameM bhI 20 prAbhRta haiM jinameM candra kI gati, candra kA paribhramaNa, candra kI saMkhyA, candra kA vistAra, sthAna, pratighAta, prakAza-jyotasnA, candra kI vRddhi, kSaya Adi kA varNana hai| yaha varNana bhI praznottara ke rUpa meM hai| candra prajJapti para malayagiri ne TIkA likhI hai| isameM bhUgola, khagola Adi ke atirikta vaijJAnika pakSa bhI haiN| yaha vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai; kyoMki isameM candra se sambandhita samasta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai usase isakI aitihAsikatA kA paricaya milatA hai| 8. nirayAvalikA sUtra isa sUtra meM naraka kI yAvali pUrNa karane vAle puruSoM ke jIvana kA varNana hai| yaha pA~ca upAMgoM meM vibhakta hai 1. nirayAvaliyA athavA kalikA (kalpikA) 2. kappavaDaMsiyA (kalpAvataMsikA) 3. pupphiyA (puSpikA) 4. pupphacUliyA (puSpa cUlikA) 5. vaNhi dasA (vRSNi dazA) AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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zrIcandrasUri ne isa para TIkA likhI hai nirayAvali sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiM jinameM alaga-alaga kathAnaka unake naraka sambandhI viSaya ko pratipAdita karate haiN| naraka kI avadhi pUrNa karane ke bAda ve kahA~ paidA hue aura vahA~ se nikala kara kisa taraha mukti patha ke mArga para pravRtta hue, ityAdi viSaya kA pratipAdana isI grantha meM hai| isameM mAtra mahApuruSoM ke jIvana-caritroM kA ullekha nahIM hai, apitu yaha unake janma-sthAna, rAjya, rAjyAbhiSeka, putra, kuTumba, parivAra, senA Adi sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko prastuta karane vAlA bhI hai| mUlataH kathAnaka vastu tattva kA vivecana bhI karatA hai| pratyeka prazna aura unake uttara kathAnakoM se jur3a hue ananta zakti kI ora prerita karate haiN| sarvatra kathAnaka bhI gati mukti patha kI ora le jAne vAlI hai| yaha naraka kI avasthA se lekara mukti patha kI avasthA taka kA vivecana karane vAlA grantha hai| 9. kalpAvaMtasikA-sUtra-kalpa/devaloka ko prApta hone mahApuruSoM ke jIvana-caritra ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha Agama grantha hai| mUlataH isameM zreNika ke dasa pautroM kA varNana hai jo kalpAvaMtasa taka kI deva paryAya ke uparAnta manuSya Ayu ke sukha ko bhoga kara mukti mArga ko prApta hoNge| 10. puSpikA-sUtra-istra sUtra meM dasa adhyayana haiM- (1) candra, (2) sUrya, (3) mahAzukra, (4) bahuputriyA, (5) pUrNabhadra, (6) maNIbhadra, (7) datta, (8) bala, (9) ziva aura (10) anAdIt / ina dasa devoM ke pUrva bhava aura unakI sAdhanA kA varNana isa sUtra meM hai| ye sabhI deva puSpaka vimAna meM baiTha kara mahAvIra ke darzana ke lie unake samavazaraNa meM Ate haiN| unhIM se sambodhita pUrva bhaya kI jAnakArI gaNadhara dvArA pUche jAne para mahAvIra svayaM dete haiN| isa taraha isa sUtra meM dasa devoM ke pUrva bhava ke sAtha unake dvArA kI gaI sAdhanA kA bhI ullekha hai| 11. puSpa-cUlikA-sUtra yaha sUtra dasa adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai, isameM zrI, hI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi, lakSmI Adi dasa deviyoM ke pUrva bhava kA vivecana hai tathA unake dvArA kI gaI sAdhanA kA bhI ullekha hai| 12. vRSNidazA-sUtra isa Agama meM 12 adhyayana haiM, jinameM vRSNi vaMza ke bAraha putroM kA nemI kumAra ke pAsa dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| ye bAraha putra dIkSA ke uparAnta sAdhanA karake svArtha siddhI vimAna ko prApta hue tathA vahA~ ke vividha bhogoM ko bhogate hue mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara mukti patha ko prApta kreNge| isakA samyak vivecana isa sUtra meM hai| mUla-sUtra sAhitya-sAdhu ke mUla aura uttara guNoM ko pratipAdita karane vAle ye mUla sUtra upAMga-granthoM kI taraha upayogI haiN| inameM sAdhu ke AcAra-vicAra, vihAra evaM unake mUla niyamoM kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isalie ye mUla sUtra haiN| sAdhu ke mUla guNa 28 haiN| anazana Adi tapa uttara guNa haiM, unake kAraNa hone se vRtoM meM mUla guNa kA vyapadeza hotA hai| isalie mUla-sUtra kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiM / mUla-sUtroM AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, nandI sUtra, anuyoga dvAra sUtra aura Avazyaka sUtra Ate haiN| piNDa niyukti Adi ko bhI mUla-sUtroM meM rakhA gayA hai / yadyapi uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka aura dazavaikAlika sUtroM ko hI mUla-sUtra mAnate haiM, piNDa niyukti aura ogha niyukti ko isameM nahIM rakhA jAtA hai| piNDa niyukti dazavaikAlika niyukti kA aura ogha niyukti Avazyaka niyukti kA aMza hai aisA vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai| kucha vidvAna piNDa niyukti ko mUla sUtroM meM sammilata kara mUla sUtroM kI saMkhyA cAra mAnate haiM aura nandIsUtra evaM anuyogadvAra ko cUlikA sUtra mAnate haiM / 22 inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai| 1. dazavaikAlika-sUtra-sAdhu jIvana kI jIvana sAdhanA ko prastuta karane vAlA yaha sUtra grantha hai| isameM dasa adhyayana haiM aura do cUlikAe~ haiN| kAla se nivRtta hokara vikAla meM arthAt saMdhyA samaya meM isakA adhyayana kiyA jAtA thaa| isalie ise dazavaikAlika kahA gayA hai / 22 isa para jinadAsa-gaNi ne cUrNi likhI hai| isake atirikta Adhunika vicArazIla vidvAnoM ne samaya-samaya para dhammapada, saMyukta-nikAya Adi se tulanA kI hai| muni puNyavijaya jI ne isa sUtra ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki yaha piNDeSaNA ke pazcAt kahA jAne lagA hogaa|24 haribhadra sUri ne isa paraM vRtti raca kara isa sUtra ko adhika sarala banA diyA hai / yadyapi yaha sUtra itanA sarala evaM subodha hai ki par3hane vAlA yA sunane vAlA koI bhI vyakti ise sugamatA se kaMThastha kara sakatA hai| bhASA, chanda Adi kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| 2. uttarAdhyayana-sUtra-uttarAdhyana eka saiddhAntika sUtra grantha hai, jisameM prArambha se lekara anta taka Adhyatmika viSaya kA samAveza hai| yaha vinaya se prArambha hotA hai| isakA anta jIva aura ajIva kI vibhakti se hotA hai isake 36 adhyayana hI upadeza pradhAna haiM jisameM saMyama, tapa, tyAga kI bhAvanA nihita hai| yaha dhamma pada aura gItA kI taraha mahanIya hai| mahAbhArata, dhamma-pada, gItA aura sutta nipAtta Adi ke sAtha isa sUtra kI tulanA kI gaI hai| isameM jahA~ upadezoM kI pradhAnatA hai vahIM dRSTAntoM kI bhI pradhAnatA hai| kaI dRSTAnta saMvAda rUpa meM haiM jo nizcita hI jana-jana para apanA prabhAva chor3ate haiN| yaha sUtra dhArmika kAvya hote hue bhI kAvya sAhitya kI sAmagrI se bhI paripUrNa hai| rasa, chanda, alaGkAra, bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa hai| isa para nemicandra sUri ne 'sukha bodhA' TIkA racI hai| isa para Adhunika vicArakoM ne bhI apanA vizeSa anusaMdhAna karake isakI vizeSatAoM ko zikSA jagata ke lie upayogI batalAyA hai| merI dRSTi se yaha sUtra zikSaka, zikSA aura ziSya ke sAtha samanvaya ko sthApita karane vAlA hai| 3. nandI-sUtra-isa Agama meM mUla rUpa se saMgha ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| isameM tIrthaMkaroM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| gaNadharoM kI nAmAvalI hai| saMgha ke nAyaka gaNadhara Adi kI isameM stuti kI gaI hai| sUtra rUpa meM abhinibodhajJAna, zrutajJAna, 14 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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avadhijJAna manaH paryavajJAna aura kevalajJAna - ina pA~ca jJAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / inake bheda-prabheda bhI ginAe gae haiN| jJAna ke do bheda kiye haiM- pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa ke indriya pratyakSa aura no indriya pratyakSa bheda kiye haiM / indriya pratyakSa Adi ke bhedoM ko bhI ginAyA gayA hai| yaha eka saMkSipta dArzanika grantha bhI hai; kyoMki isameM jJAna, darzana Adi kI samIkSA sUtra rUpa meM kI gaI hai / nandI - sUtra ko hama jJAna - sUtra bhI kaha sakate haiM; kyoMki jJAna ke pratIka tIrthaMkara haiM, gaNadhara haiM aura unakA pratipAdita mArga bhI hai| jJAna se hI yaha sUtra prArambha hotA hai aura jJAna para hI isakA anta hotA hai / isameM Abhinibodha jJAna ko matijJAna bhI kahA gayA hai zruta jJAna ke rUpa meM akSara zruta, anakSara zruta Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / pracalita AgamoM kA ullekha bhI isameM hai / 4. anuyogadvAra - sUtra - isameM adhikAra AnupUrvI, dasa nAma, pramANa dvAra, nikSepa, anugama aura naya kA varNana hai / yaha kAvya zAstra kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / isameM mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, kauTilya arthazAstra Adi kA ullekha hai / 1 5. Avazyaka - sAdhu ke lie jo kriyA avazya karane yogya hai use Avazyaka kahate haiN| usake chaha adhyayana haiM 1. sAmAyika, 2 . caturviMzati - stava, 3. vandana, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. kAyotsarga aura 6. pratyAkhyAna 1 sAdhu ke ye nitya naimittika karma haiM / sAdhu apane upayoga kI rakSA karane ke lie ina kriyAoM ko avazya karatA hai, isI se sambandhita yaha Avazyaka sUtra hai 6. piNDa niryukti -- isa sUtra meM sAdhu ke grahaNa karane yogya AhAra kA nirUpaNa hai| isameM ATha adhikAra haiM, 671 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojanA pramANa, aGgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa ina ATha sAdhu ke niSedha karane yogya kAryoM kI vivecanA karake AhAra grahaNa karane kI vidhi kA ullekha hai / isake racanAkAra bhadrabAhu haiM / isa para malayagiri kI bRhad - vRtti aura vIrAcArya kI laghu-vRtti bhI prApta hai 1 ogha niyukti -- ogha kA artha hai sAmAnya yA saadhaarnn| isameM sAdhu ke sAmAnya samAcArI kA ullekha hai| isake racanAkAra bhadrabAhu haiM / isako Avazyaka * niyukti kA aMza mAnA gayA hai| yaha niyukti zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra Adi ko pratipAdita karane yogya hai / cheda-sUtra--cheda-sUtra zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA ke prakAza-stambha haiN| ina sabhI meM utsarga, upasarga, doSa aura prAyazcitta kA varNana hai kyoMki AcAra kI pavitratA doSoM kI samApti binA saMbhava hI nahIM hai isalie sAdhaka kie gae kAryoM se bacane ke lie dravya zakti ke sAtha kSetra zuddhi ko bhI mahattva detA hai| zramaNa kRta karmoM kI AcArAGga - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nirjarA ke liye sadaiva prayatnazIla hotA hai prAyazcitta vidhi - pUrvaka doSoM kA parihAra hai / isa taraha cheda sUtra AcAra dharma ke nirUpaNa karane vAle mahattvapUrNa sUtra kahe jA sakate haiN| cheda-sUtroM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai karatA 1. nizItha -- AcAra, agra, prakalpa aura cUlikA ye nizItha ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / nizItha ko agra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM zramaNa - zramaNI ke AcAra-vicAra, gocarI - bhikSAcArI, kalpa kriyA Adi sAmAnya niyamoM kA varNana hai / isameM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, utsarga aura apavAda mArga kA varNana hai / isa Agama meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNAcAra kA varNana hai / nizItha sUtra AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zruta skaMdha kI pA~cavIM cUlA hai / nizItha meM pA~ca mahAvrata, paJca samiti, tIna gupti Adi se zuddhikaraNa para bala diyA gayA hai isameM prAyazcitta vidhi Adi kA bhI ullekha hai / 1 1 2. bRhatkalpa-sUtra--kalpa yA bRhatkalpa kA kalpAdhyayana nAma bhI milatA hai yaha Agama zramaNa AcAra ke prAcInatama granthoM meM se eka hai| nizItha aura vyavahAra kI taraha isakI bhASA bhI prAcIna hai / isameM mukhya rUpa se sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai / dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta kA isameM ullekha hai / yaha kalpa ke bhedoM kA bhI ullekha karatA hai 1 isameM cha: uddezaka haiM tathA yaha 81 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| isake sUtroM kI kula saMkhyA 206 hai jo 473 zloka pramANa hai / - sAMskRtika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se bhI isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM grAma, nagara, rAjA Adi kA varNana hai / yaha dhArmika, rAjanItika aura sAmAjika tathyoM kI sAmagrI ko prastuta karane vAlA sUtra grantha bhI hai| 3. vyavahAra-sUtra-- zramaNoM kI samAcArI vRtti ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha sUtra kaI prakAra kI mahattvapUrNa jAnakArI ko prastuta karatA hai / zramaNa gaNa se alaga hokara ekAkI vicaraNa nahIM kara sakatA hai; kyoMki isase zithilAcArI kA doSa lagatA hai / zramaNa apane kie hue doSoM kI AlocanA AcArya yA upAdhyAya ke samakSa prAyazcitta lekara karatA hai| unake abhAva meM bahu zruta jJAnI ke samakSa kRta karmoM kI AlocanA karatA hai / isa prakAra se yaha vyavahAra - sUtra AcAra saMhitA kA upadezaka sUtra hai| isameM dasa uddezaka haiN| yaha 267 sUtroM meM vibhakta hai| 1 4. dazA- zrutaskandha-sUtra-----isakA apara nAma AcAra dazA hai| isameM dasa adhyayana haiM? 1630 anuSTupa chanda pramANa isako sImA hai| 216 gadya sUtra haiN| isameM para padyamaya sUtra haiN| isake AThaveM adhyayana meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna prApti evaM mokSa Adi kA varNana hai / kAvyamaya bhASA meM 24 tIrthakaroM kI sthiti hai / isa taraha yaha mahAvIra ke AcAra-vicAra kI zikSA ke sAtha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM AcArAD-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke jIvana vyavahAra se sambandhita tathyoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA hai / isakA pratyeka adhyayana zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA ko jIvanta banAne vAlA hai / isa taraha yaha sUtra grantha kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / 5. paJcakalpa-sUtra--prastuta Agama vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai / paJcakalpa-sUtra aura paJcakalpa mahAbhASya donoM do bhinna grantha nahIM eka hI haiM, aisA vidvAnoM kA abhimata 1 6. mahAnizItha - sUtra -- isameM AlocanA aura prAyazcitta vidhi kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| mahAvrata meM, vizeSa karake caturtha mahAvrata meM, doSa lagane para sAdhaka ko kitanA duHkha sahana karanA par3atA hai isakA varNana hai / isameM karma siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se isakI prAcIna AgamoM meM gaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| isameM tAntrika viSaya evaM jainAgamoM ke atirikta anya granthoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / prakIrNaka zruta kA anusaraNa karake vacana, kauzala se dharma dezanA Adi ke prasaMga se zramaNoM dvArA kathita racanAe~ prakIrNaka kahI jAtI haiM / 25 ye racanAe~ padyAtmaka haiM / malayagiri ne nandI sUtra kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara dvArA upAdiSTa sUtra kA anusaraNa karake zramaNa prakIrNakoM kI racanA karate haiM / 26 prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA 14000 mAnI gaI hai / pracalita prakIrNaka nimna prakAra haiM 1. catuH zaraNa, 2 . Atura - pratyAkhyAna, 3. mahApratyAkhyAna, 4. bhakta - parijJA, 5. tandula vaicArika, 6. saMstAraka, 7. gacchAcAra, 8. gaNividyA, 9. devendrastava aura 10. maraNa samAdhi / mUlataH prakIrNakoM meM zaraNa, samAdhi maraNa, bhakta parijJA, vrata aGgIkaraNa, janma-sthAna, AtmA kI ekAgratA, vividha prakAra kI sthiti, graha, nakSatra kA varNana AcAra kI pramukhatA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara kiyA gayA hai| prakIrNakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai 1. catuH zaraNa - arahanta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharma - ye cAra zaraNa haiN| ye cAroM hI loka prasiddha haiN| jo inakI zaraNa meM jAtA hai vaha akSaya nidhi ko prApta karatA hai, AtmasiddhiM ko prApta karatA hai| isa sUtra meM likhA hai ki arahanta, siddha, sAdhu aura kevalI kathita dharma sukha ko pradAna karane vAlA hai / yahI saccI zaraNa hai tathA caturgati ke paribhramaNa ko upazAnta karane vAlI hai / 27 isameM kula 63 gAthAe~ haiM / yaha vIrabhadra kI racanA hai / isa para bhuvanatuMga kI vRtti aura guNaratna kI avacUri upalabdha hai / somasundara ne saMskRta meM avacUrNi bhI likhI hai| isake cAroM zaraNa kuzala zubha kAryoM ke sUcaka haiM isalie isakA dUsarA nAma kuzalAnubandha hai / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 17

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2. Atura pratyAkhyAna-yaha samAdhimaraNa ke pakSa ko pratipAdita karane vAlA prakIrNaka hai| isameM 70 gAthAe~ haiN| kucha aMza gadya bhAga se yukta hai| sAdhaka ke lie pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hai isalie unheM bAra-bAra samajhAyA gayA ki bAla maraNa, bAlapaNDita maraNa aura paNDita maraNa kisa vyakti ko prApta hotA hai isakA samyak vivecana isa prakIrNaka kI vizeSatA hai| isameM aticAroM kI zuddhi Adi kA bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isake racanAkAra vIrabhadra haiN| 3. mahApratyAkhyAna isa prakIrNaka meM tIrthaMkara jina deva, siddhi evaM saMyatajanoM ko namana kiyA gayA hai| isameM duzcaritra kI nindA kI gaI hai| jJAna, darzana aura caritra kI prazaMsA karake AtmA kI zuddha avasthA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM ekatva bhAvanA, tyAga mArga, saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa, mahAvratoM kI zreSThatA, jJAnI aura ajJAnI Adi ke viSaya ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai sarvatra pratyAkhyAna kA vivecana hone ke kAraNa se ise mahApratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka kahA gayA hai isameM 142 gAthAe~ haiM, ve sabhI vAstavika Ananda ke mArga ko sUcita karane vAlI haiN| 4. bhakta-parijJA-isa prakIrNaka grantha meM mUlataH samyak darzana kI zreSThatA ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| samyak darzana se bhraSTa vyakti ko nirvANa prApta nahIM hotA hai| samyak darzana se rahita sAdhaka cAritra kI utkRSTatA ko bhI prApta nahIM ho pAte haiM jo samyak darzana se rahita hai vaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai / 28 samyak sukha kI upalabdhi kA kAraNa samyak ArAdhanA hai| paNDita maraNa se ArAdhanA pUrNa rUpa se saphala hotI hai| bhakta parijJA prakIrNaka meM isakA ullekha karate hue maraNa ke tIna bheda kiye haiM 1. bhakta parijJA, 2. iMginI maraNa aura 3. pAdapIyagamana / isameM bhakta parijJA kI 'pradhAnatA' hai| yaha kula 172 gAthAoM kA prakIrNaka hai| isake racanAkAra vIrabhadra haiN| guNaratna ne isa para avacUri bhI likhI hai| 5. tandula vaicArika-prastuta prakIrNaka meM mahAvIra ko namana karane ke pazcAt sau varSa kI Ayu kI parigaNanA kI gaI hai, isameM jIva kI dasa avasthAoM kA vivecana hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1. bAla dazA, 2. krIr3A dazA, 3. maMdA dazA, 4. balA dazA, 5. prajJA dazA, 6. hAyanI dazA, 7. prapaMcA dazA, 8. prAgbhArA dazA, 9. unmukhI dazA aura 10. zAyanI dazA ina dasa dazAoM meM manuSya kI AhAra vidhi, garbha avasthA, zarIra ke utpAdaka kAraNa, saMhanana, saMsthAna, tandula gaNanA Adi kA vivecana hai| isakA adhikAMza vivecana garbhAvasthA se sambandhita hai| isameM kula 139 gAthAe~ haiM, kahIM-kahIM para gadya bhAga bhI 18 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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6. saMstAraka-saMstAraka kA artha hai tRNa Akada kI shaiyaa| jo mRtyu ke samaya anazana vrata svIkAra karate samaya tRNa kI zaiyA ke bichAne kA varNana hai| aneka dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se isakI vizeSatAoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| sAdhanA paddhati meM saMstAraka kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / saMyamI sAdhaka saMstArakapUrvaka mRtyu ko saphala banAtA hai| saMstAraka para AsIna zramaNa paNDita maraNa ko prApta karane vAlA hotA hai| saMstAraka kI upamA dete hue likhA hai ki jaise parvatoM meM meru, samudroM meM svayaMbhU-ramaNa aura tAroM meM candra zreSTha hai| usI prakAra suvihitoM meM saMthAra (saMstAraka) sarvottama hai| isa taraha yaha saMstAraka nAma prakIrNaka zreSTha karmoM kI ora aGgita karane vAlA hai| isameM arNikA putra, sukozala RSi, avanti kAtikArya, cANakya, amRta ghoSa, cilAti putra, gaja sukumAla Adi mahAn AtmAoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| 7. gacchAcAra-yaha prakIrNaka gaccha meM rahane vAle zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra kA vivecana karane vAlA hai| isameM kula 137 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha mahAnizItha kalpa sUtra aura vyavahAra sUtra ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA gayA hai|31 Ananda vimala sUri ke ziSya vijaya vimala gaNi ne isa para TIkA likhI hai| isakA sampUrNa pratipAdya viSaya cAritra kI ujjvalatA ko prastuta karanA hai| gaccha prabhAvazAlI hotA hai, usameM rahane se nirjarA hotI hai tathA doSoM kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| sugaccha use hI mAnA hai jisameM dAna, zIla, tapa aura bhAvanA pradhAna dharma kA AcaraNa hotA hai gacchAcAra ke isa prakIrNaka meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI maryAdA kA bhI vivecana hai tathA isameM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI pradhAnatA para bhI bala diyA gayA hai| 8. gaNividyA-yaha prakIrNaka 82 gAthAoM se yukta hai| isameM dina, tithi. nakSatra karaNa, gRha divasa, muhUrta, zakuna, lagna aura nimitta Adi viSayoM kA vivecana hai| jyotiSa sambandhI yaha prakIrNaka zubha yoga ke viSaya ko hI pratipAdita karane vAlA hai| zubhAzubha tithiyA~ kaunasI haiM .isakI bhI isameM jAnakArI dI gaI hai| 9. devendra stava2--isa prakIrNaka meM 32 devendroM kA varNana hai| isameM 307 gAthAe~ haiN| devendra aura devendroM ke adhIna rahane vAle sUrya, candra Adi devoM, unake nivAsa-sthAnoM, unakI sthiti, unake bhavana aura unake parigraha Adi kA vivecana hai| sAMskRtika dRSTi se bhI isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| 10. maraNa samAdhi-isakA dUsarA nAma maraNa vibhakti hai| mUlataH yaha prakIrNaka maraNa vibhakti, maraNa vizodhi, maraNa samAdhi saMlekhanAzrRta bhakta-parijJA, Atura pratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanA ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karane vAlA hai| isameM bAraha prakAra ke tapoM kA vivecana AbhyantA aura bAhya saMlekhanA kI vidhi evaM dharma se sambandhita bAraha bhAvanAoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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prastuta sabhI prakIrNaka Atma Alocana kI dizA ko prastuta karane vAle haiN| alaga-alaga rUpa meM pratyeka prakIrNaka kI sAmagrI anusaMdhAna kA viSaya bana sakatI hai kyoMki dharma, darzana, samAja saMskRti Adi kI sAmagrI isake viSaya ko nayA rUpa de sakatI hai| upasaMhAra-prajJAzIla mAnava mastiSka ke liye sAhitya sadaiva mahattvapUrNa abhipreraka rahA hai| zruti se lagA kara AkhyAyikA taka kI yAtrA meM klAnta mAnava ko sAhitya kI chAyA meM hI eka anUThI AtmazAnti va vizrAnti milI hai| kathA ko ina rahasyoM se lagAkara darzana ke nigUr3ha praznoM kA samAdhAna sAhitya kI gauravamayI paramparA se prApta huA hai| __ jainAgama zramaNoM ke utkRSTa AcAra-vicAra, vRta, niyama, siddhAnta, svamata saMsthApana tathA paramata nirasana prabhRti aneka viSayoM para vistAra se vizleSaNa karatA hai| __ AgamoM ke gahana rahasya jaba vismRti ke aJcala meM simaTane lageM tabhI vAcanAoM kI vyavasthA kara jainAcAryoM ne isakA saMrakSaNa karake na kevala jaina dharmIya prabhAvanA kI apitu sAhitya dharma kA bhI sundara nirvAha kiyA hai| jaina AcAra zAstra ke vividha vidhAnoM kI vyAkhyA ke sAtha jina kalpa, sthavira kalpa ke svamata vibhAjana kA vivecana AgamoM meM hai| inameM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, niyativAdI, karmavAdI Adi tIna sau tiresaTha mata-matAntaroM kA sAmAjika mahattva bhI darzAyA gayA hai tathA unake prabhAva kI sAkSI ye Agama dete haiN| gaNadharavAda, nihvavavAda Adi kSiptacita tathA dIptacita zramaNoM kI cikitsA eka manovaijJAnika prakriyA ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI hai| sAtha hI kSiptacita aura dIptacita hone ke kAraNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaina AgamoM kA jaba avadhAnapUrvaka anuzIlana karate haiM to yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki inameM AhAra, zilpa karma, kRSi, lekhana, upAsanA, cikitsA, arthazAstra, yajJa, utsava, vivAha Adi saMsthAoM kA bhI eka vyavasthita varNana prApta hotA hai| inameM samAja zAstra ke aneka viSayoM kA vizada varNana prApta hotA hai| isake atirikta nagara yojanA meM grAma, nagara, kheTa, karvaTaka, maMDapa, pattana, Akara, droNa mukha, nigama aura rAjadhAnI kA svarUpa bhI vyakta huA hai| inameM gRha nirvANa, guNa aTTa-aTTAlaka Adi aneka prakAra ke gRhoM kA koSTAgAra, bhAMDAgAra, pAnAgAra, kSINagRha gajazAlA, mAnasazAlA Adi gRha nirvANa rUpa vAstu zilpa kI vivecanA bhI susaMbaddha rUpa se prApta hotI hai| Agama sAhitya kA dArzanika aura AcAra zAstrIya dRSTi se mahattva hI nahIM hai, apitu sAhityika dRSTi se bhI unakA anupama sthAna hai| vividha chaMdoM ke prayoga ke sAtha utprekSA rUpaka upamA zleSa. arthAntaranyAsa Adi alaMkAroM se bhI Agama AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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susajjita hai| Agama meM gadya aura padya ke anUThe prayoga haiN| isI praNAlI kA anugamana hI Age calakara campU kAvya Adi meM huA hai| samakAlIna sAhityika pravRttiyoM ke bIja jainAgamoM meM bahuta spaSTatA ke sAtha ubhare haiN| jainAgamoM meM vividha bhASAoM kA vivecana hai| inameM loka bhASAoM kA bhI prayoga hai| prAkRta, zaurasenI, ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI, mahArASTrI, cUlikA, paizAcI, ThakI Adi apabhraMza ke rUpa bhI haiN| prAkRta kI prakRti kI isI pravRtti se hI usake gaurava kI zrIvRddhi huI hai| __ AgamoM ne bhAratIya darzanoM ko eka nayA dRSTikoNa pradAna kiyA hai| Astika aura nAstika vicAroM ke bIca ke setu kA nAma hI jaina darzana hai| jahA~ Astika darzanoM kI taraha usane zAzvata AtmA ko svIkAra kiyA hai to nAstika darzanoM kI bhA~ti usane Izvara ko nahIM nakArA, kintu paraspara brahma ke usa vicAra ko nirUpita kiyA jisameM Izvara ko sarvavyApI kartA rUpa mAnA hai| jainAgamoM kA darzana na kevala padArtha kA darzana hai aura na korA AtmavAda hai| sApekSa kathaMcit vAda kI saMbhAvanAparaka zabdAvalI meM hI vaha vyAkhyAyita hai| zabda aura artha kI avadhAraNA ke bAre meM bhI jainAgamoM kI apanI maulika saMsthApanA hai| zabda kI jar3avAdI vyAkhyA karake pAzcAtya paramANuvAda ke sAtha usane apanA kaMdhA jor3a liyaa| vahI zabda ke arthabodha ko usakI bhAva zakti svIkAra kara vaidika sphoTa darzana ke sAtha apanA riztA jor3a liyaa| isa taraha vibhinna vicAroM aura vyavahAroM ko eka sAtha jor3a kara rakhane kI apUrva kSamatA isa darzana ke pAsa - jainAgamoM kI jo sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa dena hai, vaha hai-anekAMtika vicAra evaM vyavahAra pddhti| anekAnta jaina vicAra kA mAnava saMskRti ko pradatta sarvottama upAya hai| Aja sAmAjika, rAjanItika evaM dhArmika paryAvaraNa para ekAMtavAda evaM AgrahavAda ke kAle bAdala ma~DarA rahe haiN| usako anekAMtIya jaina digbodha hI haTA sakatA hai| dvanda ko andha darzana kA samyak netra anekAnta hI ho sakatA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM jainAgamoM ke pariNAma se lagA kara jainAgamoM kI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi taka ko spaSTa karane kA eka vinamra prayAsa kiyA hai| isa adhyAya meM zramaNa sAMskRtika saMsthAnoM ke sAtha una sAmAjika prasAdhanoM ke bAre meM bhI vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| Aja kI isa paristhati meM atIta ke ve sabhI saMsthAna preraNAspada ho sakate haiN| mUlyoM kI mAlA ke bikharate motI Aja usa sUtra kI khoja meM haiM jo unheM jIvana ke sumela se jor3akara apane sAtha rakha skeN| ___ . Agama kA naitika darzana Aja kI saMkramaNakAlIna sthitiyoM ke liye varadAna hai; kyoMki mAnavatA mahAvinAza ke kagAra para khar3I hai aura isa mahAvinAza ko mahAsRjana meM badalanA hI jaina Agama darzana kA abhISTa hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 21 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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__Agama sAhitya kI vizAlatA kevala dharma, darzana aura AcAra taka hI sImita nahIM hai apitu inameM sAMskRtika, aitihAsika, sthApatya kalA, vAstu kalA, lipi vijJAna, gaNita, jyotiSa Adi viSayoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| koI bhI Agama aisA nahIM hai jinameM kevala eka hI viSaya ho| Agama to vividha viSayoM ke kendrabindu haiN| ataH viSaya kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa Agama pUrva kI taraha Aja bhI atyadhika mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA karane vAle haiN| ina AgamoM kI samIcInatA kA digdarzana karAne ke lie vyAkhyAkAroM ne vividha vyAkhyAoM ke mAdhyama se Agama kI sUkSmatA ko sahaja evaM bodhagamya banA diyA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa Aja . una vyAkhyA sAhitya kI dRSTi zodha kA viSaya bana gaI hai| vyAkhyA sAhitya kI zodha prakriyA kA yaha prathama prayAsa hI merA hogA; kyoMki isase pUrva mUla. sUtroM para bahuta kucha anusaMdhAna kiyA jA cukA hai aura ho hI rahA hai| isakI prathama prastuta AcArAMga vRtti kI samAlocanA prastuta karate hue Agama bhI eka anupama sevA hogii| Agama ke granthoM para jo vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiM unakA bhI saMkSipta paricaya denA Avazyaka hai jo alaga-alaga rUpoM meM vyAkhyA sAhitya kI vistAra yojanA ko Age bddh'aaegaa| Agama kA vyAkhyA sAhitya ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke rahasya ko vyAkhyA sAhitya meM vipula rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai, isa para samaya-samaya meM aneka prakAra kI vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaI haiM, inameM niyukti, bhASya, mahAbhASya, cUrNi, TIkA, vivaraNa, vRtti, dIpikA, avacUrI, avacUrNi, vivecana, vyAkhyA, chAyA, paJjikA, akSarArtha, TabbA, bhASA, TIkA, vacanikA, aMgrejI anuvAda Adi vipula sAhitya upalabdha hai| isa sAhitya ke vistRta vivecana ko mUla rUpa se pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM 1. niyukti, 2. bhASya, 3. cUrNi, 4. saMskRta TIkA aura 5. loka bhASA meM likhita vyAkhyA saahity| __ AgamoM para likhA gayA sampUrNa vyAkhyA sAhitya sUtroM se jur3A huA hai|35 vyAkhyAkAroM ne Agama ke rahasya kA udghATana karane ke lie vyAkhyAoM kA Azraya liyA hai| inake abhAva meM Agama kA rahasya nahIM khula pAtA aura na inake pAribhASika zabdoM kA artha hI spaSTa ho paataa| ataH AgamoM para likhA gayA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya sabhI dRSTiyoM se upayogI hai| AgamoM ke viSaya kI gambhIratA ko pratipAdita karane vAlI aneka saMgrahaNiyA~ bhI likhI gaI haiN| saMgrahaNiyoM ke racanAkAra Arya-kAlaka mAne gaye haiN|37 niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi Adi kA saMkSipta paricaya agra prakAra hai AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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niyukti ardha-mAgadhI Agama sAhitya para sarvaprathama prAkRta meM padyamaya vyAkhyA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| unheM sabase prAcIna mAnA gayA hai| jinheM niyukti saMjJA dI gaI hai| ye niyuktiyA~ AgamoM ke saMkSipta vivaraNa haiN| inakI upayogitA yaha hai ki chanda baddha hone ke kAraNa sarasa aura madhura kaMTha se gAyA bhI jA sakatA hai| inameM vividha kathAoM evaM dRSTAntoM ke saMketa bhI haiN| bhASA, zailI evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se bhI niyuktiyA~ prAcIna haiN| inase AgamoM ke sUtrabaddha prasaMgoM ko saMkSipta rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|38. ___ niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| para ve bhadrabAhu kauna haiM? isa para abhI taka prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai aura na hI vidvAna ekamata hue haiM, parantu niyukti kI racanA kA prArambha bhadrabAhu se huA hai| DaoN. nemIcanda, DaoN.jagadIza candra, devendra muni zAstrI Adi ne inake racanAkAra ke viSaya meM spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| vijaya muni zAstrI ne apane vyAkhyA sAhitya 'eka parizIlana' nAmaka nibandha meM likhA hai ki niyukti racanA kA prArambha prathama bhadrabAhu se hI ho jAtA hai| isake AdhAra para inakA samaya 400 se 600 vikrama saM. mAnA gayA hai|39 DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina ne inakI racanA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki niyuktiyA~ vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya I. vI. san kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva meM hI likhI jAne lagI thiiN| nayacakra ke kartA mallavAdI ne apane grantha meM niyukti kI gAthA kA uddharaNa diyA hai| isase niyuktiyoM kA samaya vikrama saM. pA~cavIM zatAbdI bhI siddha hotA hai| ardha-mAgadhI AgamoM para likhI gaI niyuktiyoM meM jahA~ viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko kholA gayA hai vahA~ niyuktiyoM meM dharma, darzana, saMskRti, samAja, rAjanIti, itihAsa evaM purANa puruSoM Adi ke vivecana bhI upalabdha hote haiN| AgamoM para prasiddha niyuktiyA~ nimna haiM: 1. AcArAMga niyukti, 2. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, 3. sUrya-prajJapti niyukti, 4. vyavahAra niyukti,5.bRhat-kalpa niyukti,6. dazAzruta-skandha niyukti,7. uttarAdhyayana niyukti, 8. Avazyaka niyukti, 9. dazavaikAlika niyukti aura 10. RSibhASita niyukti| vijaya muni zAstrI ne apane vyAkhyA sAhitya 'eka parizIlana' nAmaka lekha meM yaha krama diyA hai - Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtra-kRtAMga, dazAzruta-skandha, bRhat kalpa, vyavahAra, augha, piNDa, RSi-bhASita aadi| devendra muni zAstrI ne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtra-kRtAMga, dazAzruta-skandha, bRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, sUrya-prajJapti aura RSibhASita ina dasa niyuktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| . sUrya prajJapti aura RSi-bhASita niyukti aba taka prakAza meM nahIM A pAI haiN| augha niyukti, piNDa niyukti, paJcakalpa niyukti aura nizItha niyukti ko AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kramazaH Avazyaka niyukti, dazavaikAlika niyukti, bRhat-kalpa niyukti aura AcArAMga niyukti ke hI aMza haiN|" ArAdhanA-niyukti kA ullekha bhI milatA hai|45 ina niyuktiyoM ke atirikta bhI saMzakta niyukti aura govinda niyukti kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| vartamAna meM ye anupalabdha haiN| niyuktiyoM kA paricaya 1. AcArAMga niyukti-AcArAMga sUtra ke donoM zrutaskandhoM para niyuktiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| isake niyuktikAra AcArya zIlAMka haiM, jinhoMne 274 gAthAoM ke AdhAra para AcArAMga ke viSaya kI gaMbhIratA kA pANDityapUrNa paricaya diyA hai| 'aGgANA ki sAro? aacaaro|' isa taraha ke artha gAMbhIryapUrNa vyAkhyA ne AcArAMga kI vizeSatA kA paricaya de diyaa| 2. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti nikSepa paddhati para AdhArita yaha niyukti dArzanika viSaya ko Age bar3hAtI hai| isameM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura bainayika ke dArzanika mata kA vivecana hai| isake prArambha meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai| isameM gAthA SoDaSa zruta-skaMdha, vibhakti, samAdhi, mArga, AdAna, grahaNa, adhyayana, puNDarIka, AhAra, pratyAkhyAna, sUtra Adi zabdoM para bhI cintana kiyA gayA hai| isake racanAkAra zIlAGkAcArya haiN| 3. sarya-prajJapti niryakti-yaha niyukti bhadrabAhu dvArA racita mAnI gaI hai, parantu malayagiri ne apanI TIkA meM isakA saMketa kiyA hai| ataH isa para kucha kahA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| parantu itanA avazya hai ki yaha sUtroM kI vyAkhyA ko prastuta karane vAlI niyukti hai| 4. vyavahAra niyukti-isa niyukti ke racanAkAra bhadrabAhu mAne gae haiN| vyavahAra niyukti, vyavahAra bhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha mizrita ho gaI hai| isameM mUlataH zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra evaM jIvana-paddhati para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| saMkSipta meM likhI gaI yaha prAkRta niyukti siddhAnta ke rahasya ko pratipAdita karane vAlI hai| 5. bRhatkalpa niyukti zramaNa aura zramaNiyoM kI jIvana-paddhati kA lekhA-jokhA prastuta karane vAlI yaha niyukti nikSepa paddhati se samasta vivecana ko prastuta karatI hai| AcAra-vicAra, AhAra, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra Adi kA saMkSipta paricaya isakI pramukha bhUmikA hai| isameM grAma kyA hai? nagara kyA hai? pattana kyA hai? droNamukha kyA hai ? nigama kyA hai? aura rAjadhAnI kyA hai ? ityAdi vivecana rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi ko prastuta karane vAlA hai| nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, jAti, kula, karma, bhASA, zilpa, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-ina bAraha nikSepoM se Arya pada para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha niyukti viSaya ko bRhad rUpa se prastuta karane vAlI TIkA hai| niyukti saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha jur3a gaI hai| bRhat kalpa bhASya yA laghu bhASya AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke sAtha isakA mizraNa ho gayA hai| isameM dhArmika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika citraNa ke sAtha loka kathAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| 6. dazAzruta-skandha niyukti yaha niyukti mUlataH dravya aura bhAvya samAdhi ke cintana ko prastuta karane vAlI hai| isakI varNanAtmaka zailI nikSepa paddhati para AdhArita hai| isameM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, adhA, avaM, caryA, vasati, saMyama, pragraha, yodha, acala, gaNana, saMsthAna aura bhAva-ye pandraha nikSepa viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko spaSTa karate haiN| isameM pardUSaNa ke pardUSaNa, pariyuvazamanA, parivasanA, varSAvAsa, sthApanA aura jyeSTha graha Adi ke nAmoM ko bhI ginAyA gayA hai| isI taraha citra upAsakA, pratimA Adi zabdoM kA bhI nikSepa paddhati ke sAtha vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 7. uttarAdhyayana niyukti prastuta niyukti meM aneka pAribhASika zabda diye gae haiN| kucha zabdoM ke paryAyavAcI bhI isa niyukti meM haiN| isameM 607 gAthAe~ haiN| niyuktikAra ne isake prArambha meM uttara aura adhyayana zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai| zruta aura skandha ko spaSTa kiyA hai| zikSAprada kathAoM ke kathAnakoM ne isake gAmbhIrya ko adhika rucipUrNa banA diyA hai| sUkti vacanoM aura bhAvoM kI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa yaha niyukti kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa bana gaI hai| 8. Avazyaka niyukti-isake racanAkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu haiM / AcArya bhadrabAhu kI yaha prathama kRti hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM bhI isa niyukti kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki Avazyaka niyukti Avazyaka sUtra para likhI gaI eka prAcIna racanA hai|8 niyukti meM gAthAe~ kitanI haiM, yaha nizcita nahIM hai parantu 1637 gAthAe~ svIkAra kI gaI haiM, haribhadra sUri ne apanI vRtti meM 2386 gAthAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| gAthAoM ke atirikta isameM anuSTupa chanda bhI haiN| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa niyukti hai| isa niyukti meM jJAnavAda, gaNadharavAda aura nihnavavAda ke dArzanika viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya hai| isameM cikitsA sambandhI vivecana, arthazAstra kI Arthika dRSTi, vividha kalAoM ke sAtha zilpakalA, lekhana kalA, gaNita, jyotiSa Adi kalAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| .... 9. dazavaikAlika niyukti prastuta niyukti meM zramaNa-zragaNiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM 371 gAthAe~ haiN| isake racanAkAra bhadrabAhu haiN| mUlataH yaha niyukti ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa kI pradhAnatA ko pratipAdita karane vAlI hai| isameM sAdhaka kI sAdhanA mArga kA bhI ullekha hai| niyuktikAra kI niyuktiyoM meM laukika aura dhArmika kathAoM kA bhI ullekha hai jo praznottara zailI meM hai| kahIM-kahIM para inameM darzana-zAstra kI vizeSatAoM ko bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 25 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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10. RSibhASita niyukti - pratyekabuddha dvArA bhASita hone ke kAraNa isa grantha ko RSibhASita kahA gayA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa para niyukti likhI thI, jo anupalabdha hai| anya niyuktiyoM kA paricaya 1. nizItha niryukti -- yaha niyukti nizItha sUtra para nikSepa paddhati ke AdhAra para likhI gaI hai| isakA svatantra astitva nahIM hai / yaha bhASya ke sAtha samAviSTa ho gaI hai| isake racanAkAra AcArya bhadrabAhu haiM / inhoMne isameM zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai I 2. piNDa niyukti -- isake racanAkAra bhadrabAhu haiM / inhoMne sAdhu jIvana kI AhAra vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| isameM udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA, saMyojanA pramANa, aGgAra, dhUma aura kAraNa Adi doSoM kA ullekha hai / mUlAcAra kI gAthAe~ piNDa niryukti kI gAthAoM se milatI haiM / 49 3. ogha niryukti--- prastuta niyukti ke kartA AcArya bhadrabAhu haiM / yaha ogha-niryukti Avazyaka niryukti kA hI eka aMza hai| isameM zramaNoM kI samAcArI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai tathA isameM pratilekhana, upAdhi pratisevanA, AlocanA aura vizuddhi Adi ke viSayoM kA ullekha hai / 50 4. saMsakta niyukti - AcArya bhadrabAhu kI yaha laghu racanA hai| isakA kisI Agama ke sAtha sambandha nahIM hai aura na hI isakA kahIM ullekha milatA hai / yaha niryukti kisa Agama para likhI gaI hai isakA bhI koI saMketa nahIM hai 1 5. govinda niryukti--- isameM dArzanika tathyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isaliye ise darzana zAstra yA darzana prabhAvaka zAstra bhI kahA jAtA hai| 1 AcArya govinda ne isa para niyukti likhI hai / 6. ArAdhanA niryukti -- ArAdhanA niyukti bhI anupalabdha hai| 84 AgamoM meM ArAdhanApatAkA nAmaka eka Agama grantha bhI hai isalie yaha kahA jAtA hai ki isI grantha para ArAdhanA niryukti likhI gaI hai| AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlAcAra meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / 52 AgamoM para jo bhI niryuktiyA~ likhI gaI haiM, unameM adhikAMzataH AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA racita haiN| ye sabhI prAkRta meM haiN| inake chanda gAthAoM meM haiM / kahIM-kahIM niryuktiyoM meM anuSTupa chanda bhI haiN| ye bhASA, zailI, viSaya varNana evaM mUla sUtroM ke arthoM kI gaMbhIratA ko udghATita karane vAlI niryuktiyA~ vyAkhyA sAhitya kI anupama dharohara haiN| isa taraha niyukti grantha AgamoM ke rahasya ko udghATita karane vAle Agama grantha haiN| inake adhyayana anusaMdhAna se dharma-darzana - saMskRti Adi ke tattva sAmane A 26 AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sakate haiN| inakA maMthana Aja ke viSama vAtAvaraNa meM vibhinna dRSTikoNa ko prastuta kara sakatA hai| bhASya-paricaya niyukti kI taraha bhASya bhI gAthA chanda meM nibaddha haiN| viSaya vivecana kI apekSA bhASya vistAra zailI se yukta haiN| inakA samaya cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI ne bhASya kA yahI samaya diyA hai|53 DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina ne bhASya granthoM kA samaya I. san kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI nirdhArita kiyA hai|54 muni jina vijaya jI ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke AdhAra para bhASya granthoM kA racanAkAla vikrama samvata 666 mAnA hai|5 gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA meM dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne muni jina vijaya kI isa prastuti para asammati vyakta kI hai| unhoMne bhASya ke racanAkAla ke viSaya meM kahI gaI bAta kA khulAsA karate hue yaha kathana kiyA ki vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthAoM ke AdhAra para jo racanAkrama nirdhArita kiyA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai| unakI dRSTi se bhASya kA samaya zaka samvat 531 ucita mAnA gayA hai|56 bhASyakAroM meM saMghadAsagaNi aura jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa vizeSa rUpa se prasiddha haiN| inakA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai|" . bhASya mUla rUpa se Agama sUtra granthoM ke viSaya ko samajhAne vAle pramukha vyAkhyA sUtra haiN| niyuktiyoM kI taraha bhASya ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM haiN| parantu zaurasenI aura mAgadhI ke prayoga bhI bhASya pranthoM meM hue haiN| bhASya viSaya kI vistAra ke sAtha tattva dRSTi ko bhI pratipAdita karane vAle haiM, inheM jJAna kA mahAsAgara kahA jAe to koI atizayokti nahIM hai| bhASya dArzanika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika Adi tathyoM se bhare par3e haiN| mukhya rUpa se nimnalikhita bhASya atiprasiddha haiM 1. kalpa bhASya, 2. paJca kalpa bhASya,3. jItakalpa bhASya, 4. uttarAdhyayana bhASya, 5. Avazyaka bhASya, 6. dazavaikAlika bhASya,7. nizItha bhASya aura, 8. vyavahAra bhASya / 1. kalpa bhASya-vRhat kalpa bhASya aura laghu kalpa bhASya ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| bhASya sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiN| saMghadAsagaNI ne isakI racanA kii| vRhat kalpa sUtra ke viSaya vistAra ko pratipAdita karane ke lie laghu bhASya nAmaka TIkA likhI gaI, jisameM 6490 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha cha: uddezyoM meM vibhakta hai| isakI prArambhika pIThikA meM 805 gAthAe~ haiM, jo sAMskRtika sAmagrI kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| bhASya zramaNa jIvana ke AcAra-vicAra ko, unakI dainikacaryA ko evaM AhAra vidhi ko nirUpita karane vAlA hai| isameM utsarga mArga aura apavAda mArga kA bhI vivecana hai| cikitsA paddhati, rAjanIti, dhArmika evaM dArzanika viSaya bhI isake antargata samAviSTa haiN| isake aneka prasaMga manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko bhI prastuta karane vAle haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. paJcakalpa bhASya-paJcakalpa bhASya ko paJcakalpa mahAbhASya bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake racanAkAra saMghadAsagaNi haiN| isameM kula 2655 gAthAe~ haiN| bhASya ke rUpa meM 2574 gAthAe~ pracalita haiN| 3. jItakalpa bhASya-jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA racita yaha jIta-kalpa bhASya jItakalpa para AdhArita hai| yaha eka saMgraha Agama grantha hai| isameM 2606 gAthAe~ haiN| jinabhadragaNi ne isa bhASya meM prAyazcitta vidhi kA nirdeza kiyA hai| ise hama AcAra saMhitA kA mApaka yaMtra kaha sakate haiN| 4. uttarAdhyayanana bhASya-zAnti sUri kI prAkRta TIkA meM uttarAdhyayana bhASya kI gAthAe~ milatI haiN| inakI kula saMkhyA 45 hai| isa bhASya kI gAthAe~ anya bhASya granthoM kI taraha niyuktiyoM ke sAtha mila gaI haiN| 5. Avazyaka bhASya-Avazyaka sUtra para AdhArita Avazyaka bhASya zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI sAdhanA paddhati ko prastuta karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa bhASya grantha hai| isa bhASya meM 253 gAthAe~ haiM jo niyukti gAthAoM ke sAtha nisRta ho gaI haiN| Avazyaka sUtra para tIna bhASya likhe gaye haiM-1. laghubhASya,2.mahAbhASya,3.vizeSAvazyaka bhaassy| 6. dazavaikAlika bhASya-AcArya haribhadra ne dazavaikAlika para eka laghu bhASya kI racanA kI hai, jisameM 36 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM zramaNoM ke mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM kA vivecana hai| isameM hetu vizuddhi, jIva siddhi, pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa kI carcA kI gaI hai| jIva ke svarUpa kA vaidika, bauddha (sAmaika) evaM laukika dRSTi se tArkika zailI meM vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina dRSTi se jIva kA svarUpa kyA hai ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna isakI pramukha vizeSatA hai| prasaMgAnusAra dazavaikAlika bhASya meM sAdhu dharma kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai tathA unake AcAra-vicAra para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha bhASya laghu hote hue bhI viSaya pratipAdana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| 7. nizItha bhASya saMghadAsa gaNi ne nizItha sUtra para prAkRta bhASA meM jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI vaha nizItha bhASya ke nAma se prasiddha hai| saMghadAsa gaNi ne prastuta racanA meM zramaNoM ke AcAra ke samyak vyAkhyA kI hai| nizItha bhASya ko nizItha laghu bhASya bhI kahA jAtA hai| DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina ne nizItha laghu bhASya zabda kA ullekha karate hue yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki nizItha bhASya ke racanAkAra saMghadAsa gaNi haiN| vasudevahiMDI ke racanAkAra saMghadAsa gaNi vAcaka nahIM haiN| nizItha sUtra para likhI gaI bhASya yukta gAthAe~ kalpa bhASya aura vyavahAra bhASya meM bhI prApta hotI haiN| yaha bhASya 20 uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai jisameM kula 6703 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM sabhI taraha sAMskRtika sAmagrI hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 28 For Personal & Private Use Only

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8. vyavahAra bhASya-isake racanAkAra kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| parantu vyavahAra bhASya para malayagiri ne jo vivaraNa likhA hai usase vyavahAra bhASya kI upayogitA bar3ha jAtI hai| isa bhASya meM dasa uddezaka haiM jinameM sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM ke AcAra-vicAra, tapa, prAyazcitta, AlocanA, gaccha, padavI, vihAra, upAzraya, upakaraNa, pratimAe~ Adi kA vivecana isakI pramukha vizeSatA hai| __ukta bhASyoM ke atirikta anya bhASya bhI AgamoM para likhe gaye haiM jinakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai bizeSAvazyaka bhASya-Avazyaka sUtra para likhA gayA eka vistRta, vizAla aura bRhatkAya mahAkAvya vizeSAvazyaka bhASya hai| yaha jJAna-vijJAna kA mahAkoSa hai|58 piNDa niyukti bhASya-piNDa niyukti ke sUtra para racA gayA yaha bhASya 46 gAthAoM se yukta hai, jisameM zramaNoM ke piNDa (AhAra) para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| piNDa ke doSa AdhAkarma, audezika, mizra, jAta, sUkSma pravRtti kA vizrodhI-avazrodhI Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM rAjA candragupta kA ullekha hai| unake mahAmaMtrI cANakya kA bhI vivecana hai| isameM pATalIputra meM par3ane vAle durbhikSa (kAla) kA bhI ullekha hai| isa bhASya meM AcArya susthita aura unake ziSyoM kA bhI varNana hai| isalie isakA aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ogha niyukti laghu bhASya-yaha bhASya kisakA hai? isakA kahIM ullekha nahIM hai| isa bhASya meM 322 gAthAe~ haiM, jinameM zramaNa dharma kI carcA kI gaI hai| . ogha niyukti bRhad bhASya-isake racanAkAra kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| parantu yaha ogha niyukti laghu bhASya ke viSaya ko vistAra se prastuta karane vAlA vizAlakAya Agama bhASya hai| isameM 2517 gAthAe~ haiN| bhASya kI gAthAe~ niyuktiyoM kI gAthAoM meM samAviSTa ho gaI haiN| AgamoM para likhe gae bhASya prAkRta bhASA meM haiM, jinakA bhASA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ina bhASyoM meM bhASyakAroM ne zabda artha kI pradhAnatA ke sAtha prAkRta meM jo paribhASAe~ dI haiM ve mahattvapUrNa haiN| zabda ke rahasya ko pratipAdita karane ke lie bhASyakAroM ne vyutpattiparaka evaM niyukti samanvita zailI ko apanAyA hai| dArzanika pakSa ko ujAgara karane ke lie bhASyakAroM ne nayoM kA sahArA liyA hai tathA viSaya kI vAstavikatA kA bodha karAne ke lie nikSepa paddhati kA Azraya liyA hai| bhASA, bhAva, abhivyakti, dharma, darzana, samAja, saMskRti, arthazAstra, rAjanIti-vijJAna, samAja-zAstra gaNita-vijJAna, jyotiSa, bhUgola, khagola Adi ke tattva bhASyakAroM ke bhASyoM meM dekhane ko milate haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ataH bhASya kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiN| inakA jJAna kA mahAsAgara tattva jJAna kI vizAlatA ko adhika gaharAI taka le jAne vAlA hai| bhASyakAroM ne bhASyoM ko bahuAyAmI banAne ke lie jo prayatna kiyA usa para anusaMdhAna kiyA jAye to kaI anusaMdhAnakartA alaga-alaga viSayoM kI dRSTi se aneka zodha prabandha prastuta kara sakate haiN| zodhaparaka sAmagrI jJAna ke kSetra meM nayI jAgRti lA sakatI hai| isalie bhASyoM para svatantra rUpa se anusaMdhAna kiyA jAnA caahiye| carNi paricaya gadya pradhAna zailI meM cUrNiyA~ AcAryoM dvArA likhI gaI haiN| niyukti aura bhASya ke uparAnta Agama granthoM ke sUtra zailI ke rahasya kA udghATana karane ke lie cUrNiyoM kI vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiN| mUlataH cUrNikAroM ne saMskRta meM cUrNiyA~ pratipAdita kI haiM kintu saMskRta ke sAtha inameM prAkRta kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta mizrita cUrNiyA~ jaina siddhAnta ke rahasya ko vistAra se pratipAdita karane ke lie hI likhI gaI haiN| cUrNiyoM ke antargata prAkRta bhASA meM aneka kathAe~ bhI prastuta kI gaI haiN| prAyaH sabhI kathAe~ siddhAnta ke rahasya ko jitanA pratipAdita nahIM karatI haiM usase kahIM adhika ye kathAe~ jana-jana meM phaile hue rIti-rivAjoM, mele, tyohAroM, duSkAla, cora, luTere, sArthavAha, vyApAra ke mArga, bhojana, vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi kI vizeSatAoM ko prastuta karane vAlI haiN| jainAcAryoM kA mUla kArya dharma prabhAvanA rahA hai| isalie unhoMne jana samparka ke mAdhyama ke liye isa taraha kI kathAoM kA cayana kiyaa| isalie ina kathAoM ko loka kathA bhI kahA gayA hai| cUrNiyoM ke racanAkAra jinadAsa gaNi mahattara mAne jAte haiN| inakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI hai| cUrNiyoM kI racanA kA samaya jahA~ nemicanda zAstrI ne chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnA hai deg vijaya muni zAstrI ne inakA samaya sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI prastuta kiyA hai|61 devendra muni zAstrI ne cUrNiyoM ke samaya ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne apanI vRttiyoM meM cUrNiyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai isalie AcArya jinadAsa gaNi kA samaya vikrama samvata 650-750 ke madhya honA caahiye| nandI-cUrNi ke upasaMhAra meM usakA racanA samaya zaka samvata 598 arthAt vikrama samvat 733 hai|62 DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina ne jinadAsa gaNi mahattara kI cUrNiyoM ke AdhAra para I. san kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA hai|63 paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI hI cUrNiyoM kA samaya mAnA hai|64 AgamoM para likhI gaI cUrNiyoM meM aitihAsika, sAmAjika, dhArmika, dArzanika, kalAtmaka Adi sAmagrI kA pracura prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai| inheM DA. nemicandra zAstrI ne mAnava samAja zAstra kI saMjJA dI hai aura kahA hai ki cUrNiyA~ mahattvapUrNa mAnava samAja zAstra haiN| inameM sahastroM varSoM ke Arthika jIvana kA sajIva varNana upasthita hai| usa yuga kI sAmAjika aura rAjanItika paristhitiyoM para prakAza DAlane vAlI sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai| prAcIna bhArata kI vezabhUSA, manoraJjana, nagara nirmANa, AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 30 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zAsana vyavasthA aura sahAyatA ke sAdhanoM kA pUrA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 65 AgamoM para prasiddha aura upalabdha cUrNiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM 1. AcArAMga cUrNi, 2. sUtra - kRtAMga cUrNi, 3. vyAkhyA- prajJapti cUrNi, 4. jIvAbhigama cUrNi, 5. nizItha cUrNi, 6. mahAnizItha cUrNi, 7. vyavahAra cUrNi, 8. dazAzruta-skandha cUrNi, 9. vRhatkalpa cUrNi, 10. paJcakalpa cUrNi, 11. ogha niyukti cUrNi, 12 . jIta - kalpa cUrNi, 13. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, 14. Avazyaka cUrNi, 15. dazavaikAlika cUrNi, 16 . nandI cUrNi, 17. anuyogadvAra cUrNi aura 18. jambUdvIpa prajJapticUrNi / uparyukta cUrNiyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimna prakAra hai 1. AcArAMga cUrNi - AcArAMga ke donoM zruta skandhoM para prAkRta evaM saMskRta niHsRta cUrNi likhI gaI hai| bhASA, bhAva Adi kI dRSTi se cUrNi sarala evaM subodha hai| viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko spaSTa karane ke liye kahIM-kahIM para kathAoM kA Azraya liyA hai jisase par3hane vAlA, sunane vAlA artha kI vAstavikatA kA bodha kara sake / AcArAMga cUrNi kI yahI vizeSatA hai / 2. sUtra - kRtAMga cUrNi -- sUtra - kRtAMga sUtra para likhI gaI cUrNi dArzanika siddhAntoM ko adhika sarala banA detI hai| cUrNikAra ne loka kathAoM ke mAdhyama se sUtra - kRtAMga ke viSaya ko adhika sarala banA diyA hai| isa cUrNi ke racanAkAra jinadAsa gaNi mahattara haiN| isameM cUrNikAra ne vividha dArzanikoM ke matoM kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta kara naya aura nikSepa kI dRSTi kA sarvatra upayoga kiyA hai| 1 3. vyAkhyA - prajJapti cUrNi bhagavatI sUtra ke nAma se prasiddha yaha Agama sUtra kI dRSTi se bar3A aura vistRta hai / parantu isakI cUrNi ati saMkSipta hote hue bhI zabdoM kI vyutpatti ko evaM saiddhAntika vivecana ko spaSTa karane vAlI hai / 4. jIvAbhigama cUrNi-- jIvAbhigama sUtra upAMga granthoM meM AtA hai| yaha jIva-tattva aura ajIva-tattva ke viSaya ko prastuta karane vAlA hai / yaha mUlataH praznottara zailI meM likhA gayA prantha hai / cUrNikAra ne jIva aura ajIva tattva ke bheda aura prabhedoM ke vistAra ke liye cUrNi kA upayoga kiyA hai / jIvAbhigama cUrNi para malayagiri kI TIkA hai| haribhadra aura deva sUri kI laghu vRttiyA~ isa para likhI gaI haiN| isa para eka choTI avacUrNi thI, aisA bhI saMketa milatA hai 1 5. nizItha cUrNi nizItha cUrNi ke racanAkAra AcArya jinadAsa gaNi mahattara haiM / upalabdha sabhI cUrNiyoM meM yaha sabase bar3I vyAkhyAtmaka cUrNi hai, kyoMki yaha nizItha sUtra, nizItha niryukti aura nizItha bhASya ina tInoM para likhI gaI hai| prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita vyAkhyA nizItha cUrNi ko vizeSa cUrNi bhI kahate haiM / 6. mahAnizItha cUrNi--yaha anupalabdha cUrNi hai / isakI gaNanA cheda sUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| isameM chaH adhyayana aura do cUlikAe~ thIM, aisA saMketa milatA hai / vRddhavAdI, siddhasena aura deva gupta Adi AcAryoM ne ise mAnya kiyA hai / AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 31

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7. vyavahAra cUrNi-isa cUrNi ko dvAdazAMga kA navanIta kahA jAtA hai / vyavahAra sUtra cheda sUtra kA aGga hai| cUrNikAra ne vyavahAra sUtra para saMskRta aura prAkRta mizrita gadya pradhAna zailI meM sAdhu jIvana ke AcAra-vicAra kI sundara samIkSA kI hai| 8. dazAzruta skandha cUrNi-yaha cUrNi dasa adhyayanoM ke adhikAroM meM dazAzruta skandha kI samIkSA karatA hai| isake racanAkAra bhadrabAhu haiN| isakI gaNanA cheda sUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| niyukti kA Azraya lekara yaha cUrNi likhI gaI hai| isameM dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra ko pratyAkhyAna pUrva se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| isameM rAjA sAtavAhana, AcArya kAlaka, siddhasena evaM gozAlaka Adi kA Alekha bhI hai| isake atirikta anya kaI tapasviyoM kA ullekha isa cUrNi meM huA hai| 9. vRhatkalpa cUrNi--yaha cUrNi vRhatkalpa sUtra aura usa para likhe gae laghu bhASya para saMskRta aura prAkRta meM likhI gaI gadya pradhAna vyAkhyA hai| isameM kalpa, vRhat kalpa ko kalpAdhyayana bhI kahA hai| yaha cUrNi zramaNa-zragaNiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kI rUparekhA ko prastuta karane vAlI hai| . 10. paJcakalpa cUrNi-isakI gaNanA cheda sUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| yaha cUrNi vRhatkalpa bhASya kA hI aMza hai| isameM AcAra sambandhI pA~ca kalpoM kA vivecana hai| isa para likhI gaI cUrNi anupalabdha hai| yaha agastya siMha sUri kI racanA hai| 11. ogha-niyukti cUrNi-ogha sUtra para likhI gaI eka laghu cUrNi hai| isakI gaNanA mUla sUtroM meM kI jAtI hai| isameM mUlataH zramaNoM kI samAcArI kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM yaha bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki saMyama kI sAdhanA meM rata zramaNa asaMyama se kaise baceM? aura saMyama ko kaise dhAraNa kareM? sarala evaM subodha zailI meM prastuta cUrNi zramaNa jIvana kI Adarza kuMjI bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| 12. jIta-kalpa cUrNi-eka mAtra yahI eka aisI cUrNi hai, jisameM saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga nahIM hai| eka mAtra prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha gadyAtmaka zailI se yukta isa cUrNi kA apanI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AcArya siddhasena ne isa para cUrNi likhI hai| usa para candrasUri ne viSama pada TIkA likhI hai| cUrNikAra siddhasena ne prAyazcitta ke dasa vikalpoM kA prAkRta meM bahuta hI acchA vivecana kiyA hai| jIta kalpa kI cUrNi meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ko smaraNa kiyA hai| isa para eka anya cUrNi bhI likhI gaI hai|66 aisA kathana bhI kiyA jAtA hai| 13. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi-jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne prAkRta evaM saMskRta mizrita uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai usa vyAkhyA kA nAma uttarAdhyayana cUrNi hai| yaha cUrNi niyukti kA Azraya lekara likhI gaI hai| cUrNikAra ne jagaha-jagaha para loka kathAoM ke mAdhyama se bhI viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prasaMgavaza isa cUrNi meM tattva carcA aura loka carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 14. Avazyaka cUrNi--jinadAsa gaNi mahattara dvArA likhI gaI yaha cUrNi viSaya aura vivecana kI dRSTi se yaha eka svatantra grantha hI bana gayA hai / cUrNikAra ne aneka prakAra ke viSaya ke vistAra ko prastuta karane ke lie hI cUrNi likhI hai / isameM Avazyaka niryukti ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai / kahIM-kahIM para vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthAoM ke viSaya ko sarala banAyA gayA hai / yaha cUrNi kevala zabdoM ke artha taka hI sImita nahIM hai apitu bhASA aura viSaya kI svatantratA ke lie hue bahuta hI pUrNa vyAkhyA ko prastuta karane vAlI hai / 1 15. dazavaikAlika cUrNi - isa cUrNi ke prastutakartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara haiN| dazavaikAlika niyukti ke AdhAra para yaha cUrNi likhI gaI hai| isameM Avazyaka cUrNi kA ullekha milatA hai / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha kRti Avazyaka cUrNi ke pazcAt prastuta kI gaI hogii| bhAvanA, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se yaha cUrNi ati upayogI hai / prasaMgAnusAra isa cUrNi meM loka kathAoM evaM loka paramparAoM kA bhI mizraNa ho gayA hai| bhASA, vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa cUrNi hai I 16. nandI cUrNi - nandI sUtra para Adharita yaha cUrNi jJAna kI gaMbhIratA ko spaSTa karatI hai, isameM aitihAsika sAmagrI kI pracuratA hai / isameM loka kathAoM evaM loka rUpoM kA samAveza hai / 17. anuyoga-dvAra cUrNi-- anuyoga-dvAra sUtra para jinadAsa gaNi mahattara ne prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita gadya pradhAna zailI meM vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| isameM zAsana vyavasthA kA ullekha hai| saMgIta ke padoM kA bhI kahIM-kahIM para prayoga kiyA gayA hai isalie yaha kahA jAtA haiM ki prAkRta meM saMgIta zAstra para koI grantha avazya rahA hogaa| isameM sAta svaroM aura nava rasoM kA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 67 yaha cUrNi bhAva aura zailI kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / 18. jambU dvIpaprajJapti cUrNi - jambU dvIpa prajJapti para likhI gaI cUrNi jambU dvIpa ke vistAra ko prastuta karane vAlI hai| yaha cUrNi laghu hote hue bhI dvIpa - samudroM jaise vivecana ke lie upayogI hai| 1 AgamoM para prastuta kI gaI cUrNiyoM ke adhyayana prastuta karane se jJAta hotA hai ki cUrNiyA~ viSaya kI gaharAI taka ko sparza karane vAlI haiN| inameM dharma, darzana, samAja, saMskRti, kalA itihAsa, purAtattva, loka jIvana, loka vyavahAra, loka saMskRti, loka kathA Adi kI vipula sAmagrI hone ke kAraNa kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiM / cUrNiyoM para aba taka koI bhI anusaMdhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| anusaMdhAna ke kAraNa cUrNiyoM ke vAstavika svarUpa ko A~kA jA sakatA hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki cUrNiyA~ bhI upayogI haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 33

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TIkA sAhitya kA paricaya ardha-mAgadhI prAkRta meM likhe gae mUla AgamoM para prArambha meM niyuktiyoM aura bhASya granthoM para praNayana huA / cUrNikAroM ne cUrNi yuga meM prAkRta aura saMskRta se yukta vivecana prastuta kiyaa| isake pazcAt inakA TIkA sAhitya ne vyAkhyA sAhitya ke rUpa meM praveza kiyaa| TIkAoM ko vRttiyA~ kahate haiM / mUla rUpa se rUpa sUtroM, niryuktiyoM, bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM para saMskRta meM jo TIkAe~ prastuta kI gaIM, unheM vRtti kahA jAtA hai / Agama para vRttiyoM ke likhe jAne ke kAraNa se mUla sUtra ke rahasya adhika spaSTa hue / isalie saMskRta meM likhI gaI vRtti ko jaina sAhitya kA svarNima yuga kahA jA sakatA hai|68 kyoMki saMskRta kI vRttiyoM ne Agama ke zabdoM ko, Agama ke bhAvoM ko aura Agama ke gaMbhIra cintana ko vistAra pradAna kiyA / vRtti ke rUpa meM prastuta vivecana dArzanika vizleSaNa ko prastuta karane vAlA hai / isalie vRtti sAhitya kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / Agama ke prasiddha vRttikAra AgamoM para cUrNi yuga ke bAda jo vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA, vaha vRtti ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / vRttikAroM meM haribhadra sUri kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / inhoMne Agama sAhitya ke atirikta anya kaI prAkRta evaM saMskRta sAhitya ke mahattvapUrNa granthoM para vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| Apake dvArA prastuta vRttiyA~ dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika viSayoM ko prastuta karane vAlI haiM / zIlAGkAcArya ne AcArAMga aura sUtra - kRtAMga para jo vivecana prastuta kiyA hai vaha vRtti sAhitya meM vistRta dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karane vAlA hai / mUlataH inake vRtti granthoM meM dArzanika tattvoM kI bahulatA hai / inakI vRttiyoM meM sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM saiddhAntika pakSa ko vistRta rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai / vRttikAroM kA paricaya 1. jinabhadragaNi kI svopajJa vRtti-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para jinabhadra gaNi kSamAkSamaNa ne svopajJa vRtti likhI, para yaha pUrNa nahIM hai / Agama sAhitya kI yaha prathama vivecanA zailI kI dRSTi se sarala, saMkSipta, sarasa aura vividha guNoM se alaMkRta hai / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI apUrNa vRtti ko koTyAcArya ne pUrNa kiyA / 2. haribhadrasUri aura unakI vRttiyA~ -- haribhadrasUri prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the / unhoMne mUla Agama granthoM ke prAkRta vivecana ko apanI anubhUti meM utAra kara una para saMskRta meM vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| una vRttiyoM meM mahattvapUrNa vRttiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM-- 34 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. nandI vRtti, 2 . anuyoga-dvAra vRtti, 3. dazavaikAlika vRtti, 4. prajJApanA- pradeza vyAkhyA aura 5. Avazyaka vRtti ityAdi kaI vRttiyA~ unakI prasiddha haiM / Apane 144 granthoM kI racanA kI thI / upalabdha granthoM meM dArzanika vivecana kI bahulatA hai 1 koTyAcArya kI vRtti kA vivecana-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para 13,700 zloka pramANa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai jo vivecana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / AcArya gandhahasti kI vRtti kA vivecana - tattvArthabhASya para jo bRhad vRtti kA ullekha milatA hai, vaha gandhahasti kA mAnA gayA hai / 19 dUsarA siddhasena kA thA, jo tArkika vidvAn the / zIlAGkAcArya aura unakI vRttiyA~ - tattvAditya evaM zIlAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha zIlAGkAcArya kA nAma mUla Agama granthoM kI vRttiyoM ke liye prasiddha hai| 1 zIlAMkAcArya kA nAma AcArAMga vRtti meM zIlAcArya diyA gayA hai aura dUsarA nAma tattvAditya bhI AyA hai / 70 AcArAMga vRtti ke prathama zruta skandha meM yaha bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai ki zIlAcArya ne bhAdra zuklA paJcamI ke gupta saM. 772 ke dina samyak vivecana yukta TIkA prastuta kii| jisase mahattvapUrNa zodha kArya hamAre sAmane AyA hai| TIkAkAra zIlAMkAcArya ne brahmacarya zruta skandha kI samApta ke pazcAt yaha pratijJA kI hai ki jo mere dvArA yaha AcArAMga kI TIkA AcAra ( cAritra) ke pratipAdana ke liye prastuta kI jA rahI hai vaha isI puNya ke saMcaya kA kAraNa hai / jagata ke sAmane nivRtti rUpa hai jo atula yogya tulA para sadAcAra ko mere dvArA rakhA jA rahA hai| usameM varNa, pada, artha, vAkya, padya Adi kisI taraha se chUTa gae hoMge, use yadi zodhArthI ke dvArA zodha kA prayatna kiyA gayA to nizcita hI kisI taraha kA vyAmoha nahIM hogA / 72 1 1 zIlAGkAcArya arthAt zIlAcArya kA vizeSa paricaya prApta nahIM hotA hai prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra zIlAcArya ne nau aGga Agama granthoM para TIkAe~ likhI haiM parantu AcArAMga vRtti aura sUtra - kRtAMga vRtti hI upalabdha haiN| DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina ne TIkA sAhitya ke paricaya meM AcArAMga aura sUtra - kRtAMga kI saMskRta TIkAoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne isa viSaya meM yaha likhA hai ki haribhadra sUri ke pazcAt lagabhaga 100 varSa ke uparAnta zIlAMka sUri ne AcAra - vicAra evaM tattva-jJAna sambandhI aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana AcArAMga aura sUtra - kRtAMga vRtti meM kiyA hai|73 DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne zIlAMka AcArya ke viSaya meM sAmAnya rUpa se yahI likhA hai ki AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ina do aGga AgamoM para mahattvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhI haiM / 74 * TIkAkAra ke samaya ke viSaya meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne likhA hai ki zIlAMka AcArya ne IsvI 876 meM vRttiyA~ likhI haiM / 75 jagadIza candra jaina ne yahI samaya AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nizcita kiyA hai|"6 devendra muni ne apane vistRta vivecana meM zIlAMka kA samaya vikrama kI nauvIM-dasavIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| AcArAMga vRtti aGga Agama sAhitya kA prathama sUtra AcArAMga sUtra hai| yaha Agama viSaya kI dRSTi se jitanA mahattvapUrNa hai utanA hI ardha-mAgadhI prAkRta bhASA zreSThatama Agama hai| isa Agama para niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi jaisI TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM jo AcArAMga kI viSaya-vastu ko atyanta sarala evaM mArmika dRSTi ko prastuta karatA hai, parantu AcArAMga ke mUla viSaya ko AdhAra banA kara zIlAMka AcArya ne saMskRta meM vRtti likhakara na kevala viSaya ke gAmbhIrya ko sugama banAyA hai apitu pratyeka vivecana ke sAtha AcArAMga kI mUla bhAvanA ko vyakta kiyA hai| unhoMne pratyeka zabda ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA hai| artha ke gAmbhIrya kA khulAsA kiyA hai tathA vividha prakAra kI vyutpattiyoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai| vRttikAra kI vRtti meM aneka prakAra kI vizeSatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI maiMne apane zodha kA viSaya banAyA hai| AcArAMga vRtti ke vividha viSayoM kI vivecanA meM se eka viSaya ko hI apane zodha kSetra kA kArya banAyA jA sakatA thaa| parantu vRtti ke gAmbhIrya ko sameTane ke liye samagra vivecana ko prastuta karane kA merA prayAsa kSamA yogya nahIM hogaa| mujhe AcArAMga vRtti ke vividha viSaya vivecana, bhASA, zailI, dArzanika vivecana, Adi kI sAmagrI ne subodha vivaraNa likhane ke lie prerita kiyaa| isameM jo kucha dekhA gayA, anubhava kiyA gayA yA cintana kiyA gayA usake anusAra sAmagrI ko samAlocanAtmaka dRSTi se pratipAdana apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa kArya hogaa| AcArAMga vRtti kI samagra dRSTi nikSepa paddhati para AdhArita hai jo darzana kSetra meM zreSyakara mAnI gaI hai| zIlAGkAcArya ne isa vRtti meM AcArAMga kI AcAra saMhitA ko spaSTa kiyA sUtra-kRtAMga vRtti zIlAGkAcArya ne mUla Agama para dArzanika vRtti likhI hai| sUtra-kRtAMga para niyukti bhI likhI gaI hai| yaha niyukti bhI dArzanika cintana se pUrNa hai| sUtra-kRtAMga sUtra mUla Agama sAhitya kA dArzanika grantha mAnA jAtA hai| isakA pratyeka adhyayana dArzanika cintana ko prastuta karane vAlA hai| isameM sarvaprathama apane mata kI arthAt jina mata kI puSTi kI gaI hai aura usI prasaMga meM dArzanika ke cintanazIla vicAroM evaM mAnyatAoM kA vivecana hai| vRttikAra ne pratyeka dArzanika ke vicAroM ko prastuta karake apane mata kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke vRttikAra ne dArzanika evaM dhArmika cintana ke aneka dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kiyA hai| viSaya ko sarala AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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banAne ke lie gadya pradhAna zailI ke bIcoMbIca vividha gAthAe~ bhI dI haiM aura kahI-kahIM saMskRta zlokoM ko rakhA hai| zIlAMkAcArya kI vRtti 12850 zloka pramANa hai| isa vRtti meM vRttikAra ne kahIM bhI apane nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| vRttikAra zAntisUri vicArazIla dArzanika the isalie inheM vAdI betAla kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA thaa| yaha upAdhi rAjA bhoja dvArA dI gaI thii| dhanapAla kI 'tilakamaJjarI' para zAntisUri ne jo TippaNI likhI, vaha vRtti ke rUpa meM pracalita huii| uttarAdhyayana sUtra para prAkRta meM likhI gaI vRtti, jise ziSyahitA vRtti kahA gayA hai| zAntisUri ne anya kaI granthoM para vRtti likhI haiM jo dArzanika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa olk vikrama saM. kI 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI meM AcArya droNa ne saMskRta aura prAkRta meM ogha niyukti aura laghubhASya para vRtti likhI haiM jo sarala bhASA meM haiN| abhayadevasUri aura unakI vRttiyA~ ____ anupama pratibhA ke dhanI abhayadeva sUri ne kaI AgamoM para vRttiyA~ likhI haiM jinameM sthAnAMga, praznavyAkaraNa, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, anutaropapAtika dazA, vipAka aupapAtika Adi vRttiyA~ prApta haiN| sthAnAMga vRtti ko likhate samaya abhayadeva sUri ne apanI kaThinAiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai 1. saMta sampradAya kA abhAva-artha bodha kI samyak guru paramparA kI . anuplbdhtaa| 2. sad-Uha-artha kI AlocanAtmaka sthiti kI aprApti / 3. Agama kI aneka vaacnaaeN| 4. pustakoM kI ashuddhtaa| - 5. Agama kA sUtrAtmaka honA viSaya kI gaMbhIratA kA paricAyaka hai| 6. artha-viSayaka bhed|78 malayagiri aura unakI vRttiyA~.. AcArya malayagiri bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI the| unhoMne AgamoM para mahattvapUrNa vRttiyA~ likhI haiM jinameM jaina siddhAnta ke sabhI pakSoM kA samyak vivecana dekhane ko milatA hai| malayagiri kI vRttiyoM meM gaNita, jyotiSa, bhUgola aura siddhAnta, karma vivecana, tattva cintana Adi ke viSaya dekhe jA sakate haiN| . malayagiri Agama ke prakANDa paMDita the| unheM zabdAnuzAsana kA paMDita mAnA gayA thA, kyoMki unhoMne zabdAnuzAsana kI bhI racanA kI thii| unakI vRttiyoM meM vyAkaraNa sambandhI niyama evaM vyAkaraNa ke sUtra bhI dekhe jAte haiN| malayagiri ne 15vIM AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana - 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zatAbdI meM bahuta kucha likhA parantu upalabdha nimna grantha hI haiM, jinakA nirdeza isa prakAra haiupalabdha vRttiyA~-koSThaka meM zloka pramANa diye haiN| 1. bhagavatI sUtra-dvitIyazataka vRtti (3750) 2. rAjapraznIyopAGga TIkA (3700) 3. jIvAbhigamopAGga TIkA (16000) 4. prajJApanopAMga TIkA (16000) . 5. candraprajJaptyupAGga TIkA (9500) 6. sUryaprajJaptyupAGga TIkA (9500) 7. nandI-sUtra TIkA (7732) 8. vyavahAra-sUtra vRtti (34000) 9. bRhatkalpa pITha kI vRtti (apUrNa) (4600) 10. Avazyaka vRtti (apUrNa) (18000) piNDaniyukti TIkA (6700) 12. jyotiSkaraNDaka TIkA (5000) 13. dharma saMgrahaNI vRtti (10000) 14. karmaprakRti vRtti (8000) 15. paJca saMgraha vRtti (18850) 16. SaDazIti vRtti (2000) 17. saptatikA vRtti . (3780) 18. vRhatsaMgrahaNI vRtti (5000) 19. vRhatkSetrasamAsa vRtti (9500) 20. malayagiri zabdAnuzAsana (5000) anupalabdha vRttiyA~ 1. jambUdvIpa prajJapti, 2. ogha niyukti, 3. vizeSAvazyaka, 4. tattvArthAdhigama 11. suutr| maladhArI hemacandra aura unakI vRttiyA~ Agama jJAtA ke rUpa meM prasiddha AcArya hemacandra apane samaya ke pratibhA sampanna Agama vettA the| abhayadeva sUri ke pazcAt maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ne kaI 38 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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x X vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| Apa AgamavettA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| Apane 50000 grantha par3he the| unakI vRttiyA~ nimna haiN| koSThaka meM zloka pramANa diye haiM1. Avazyaka TippaNI (5000) 2. zataka vivaraNa (4000) 3. anuyogadvAra vRtti (8000) 4. puSpamAlA mUla X 5. puSpamAlA vRtti (14000) 6. jIva samAsa vivaraNa (7000) 7. bhavabhAvanA sUtra 8. bhavabhAvanA vivaraNa (13000) 9. nandi TippaNaka 10. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bRhad vRtti (28000) nemicandra kI vRtti subodhaka sukha-bodhA vRtti ke nAma se prasiddha yaha vivecana jana-jana kI zruti kA kendrabindu banA huA hai| vikrama saM. 1129 meM uttarAdhyayana para sarala se sarala evaM subodha zailI meM sukha kA bodha karAne vAlI vRtti likhI gii| nemicandra sUri kA dUsarA nAma devendra gaNi bhI prApta hotA hai| ye bRhad gacchIya upAdhyAya Amradeva ke ziSya the| unake guru bhrAtA municandrasUri kI preraNA se sAmAnyajanoM ke hita ke lie yaha vRtti likhii| jisakI pUrNAhuti aNahilapurapATaNa nagara meM huI thii| uttarAdhyayana kI isa vRtti meM 12000 zloka pramANa vRtti kA vivecana hai / nemicandra sUri kI anya racanAe~ aba taka prakAza meM nahIM aaiiN| yaha sUcanA bhI zIlAGkAcArya haribhadra aura zAntisUri kI vRttiyoM se prabhAvita hokara likhI gaI thii| uttarAdhyayana vRtti meM vRttikAra ne grantha ke Arambha meM tIrthaMkaroM, siddhoM, sAdhuoM evaM zruta ArAdhaka devoM kI vandanA kI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayana ke mUlabhUta viSaya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara pratyeka vivecana meM saiddhAntika nipuNatA kA paricaya diyA hai| sampUrNa prasUti dRSTAntoM se paripUrNa hai| zrIcandrasUri kI vRttiyA~-. __ zrIcandrasUri ne--1. nyAya praveza-paJjikA, 2. jayadevachanda : zAstra TippaNaka, 3. nizItha-cUrNi TippaNaka, 4. nandi-sUtra hAribhadrI TippaNaka, 5. jItakalpa cUrNi TippaNaka, 6. paJcopAMga sUtravRtti, 7. zrAddha-sUtra, 8. pratikramaNa sUtra vRtti, 9. piNDa-vizuddhivRtti ityAdi vRttiyA~ nyAya evaM siddhAnta ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karane vAlI likhI haiN| AgamoM para zrIcandrasUri kI kama vRttiyA~ haiM, anya granthoM para adhika haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AgamoM kI vRttiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya - aGga 1. AcArAMga 2. sUtra - kRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga bhagavatI 5. 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga 7. upAsakadazAMga 8. antakRddazAMga 9. anuttaropapAtikadazAMga 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAka upAMga 1. aupapAtika 2. rAja- praznIya 3. jIvAbhigama 4. prajJApanA 5. sUrya - prajJapti 6. jambU dvIpa prajJapti 7. candra- prajJapti 8. kalpikA 9. kalpAvataMsikA 40 10. puSpikA 11. puSpacUlikA 12. vRSNidazA mUla 1. dazavaikAlika TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMka, jinahaMsa, jinacandra AcArya zIlAMka, harSakula, sAdhuraMga abhayadevasUri, nagarSi, sumatikallola abhayadevasUri, nagarSi. abhayadevasUri, nagarSi abhayadevasUri, nagarSi, kastUracandra. abhayadevasUri, nagarSi abhayadevasUri, nagarSi abhayadevasUri, nagarSi abhayadevasUri, jJAnavimala abhayadevasUri TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUra haribhadra, malayagiri, devasUri malayagiri malayagiri, haribhadra, kulamaNDana malayagiri malayagiri, zAnticandra, brahmarSi malayagiri zrI candrasUri, lAbhazrI zrI candrasUri, lAbhazrI zrI candrasUri, lAbhazrI zrI candrasUri, lAbhazrI zrI candrasUri, lAbhazrI TIkAkAra haribhadra, samayasundaragaNi tilakAcArya, sumati sUri, aparAjita sUri, vinayahaMsa AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. uttarAdhyayana 3. Avazyaka 4. piNDa-niyukti athavA augha-niyukti - cUlikA 1. nandI 2. anuyogadvAra cheda 1. nizItha 2. mahAnizItha 3. vyavahAra 4. dazAzrutaskandha 5. vRhatkalpa 6. paJcakalpa prakIrNaka 1. catuHzaraNa 2. AturapratyAkhyAna 3. mahApratyAkhyAna 4. bhaktaparijJA 5. tandulavaicArika 6. saMstAraka 7. gacchAcAra 8. gaNi-vidyA 9. devendra-stava 10. maraNa-samAdhi anya vRtti aura vRttikAra__... vRttikAra AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana vAdivetAla zAnti-sUri, nemicandra kamalasaMyama, lakSmI-vallabha, bhAva-vijaya haribhadra, malayagiri, tilakAcArya, koTyAcArya, nami-sAdhu, mANikya, zekhara, taruNaprabhAcArya malayagiri, vIrAcArya droNAcArya, malayagiri TIkAkAra haribhadra, malayagiri, jinacAritrasUri haribhadra, maladhArI hemacandra TIkAkAra pradyumna sUri pradyumna sUri malayagiri brahmarSi malayagiri, kSemakIrti sUri malayagiri, kSemakIrti sUri TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri guNaratnasUri guNaratnasUri guNaratnasUri vijayavimala guNaratnasUri vijayavimala vijayavimala vijayavimala vijayavimala vRttigrantha For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. zrI tilakasUri (12vIM zatAbdI) 2. kSemakIrti Avazyaka sUtra, jIta-kalpa vRtti dazavaikAlika vRtti malayagiri racita bRhad-kalpa kI apUrNa TIkA catuHzaraNa, AturapratyAkhyAna aura . saMstAraka para ttiikaaeN| 3. bhuvanatuMgasUri (mahendra sUri ke ziSya the) (vikrama saM. 1294) 4. guNaratna (vikrama saM. 1484) bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, catuHzaraNa AturapratyAkhyAna prakaraNoM kI TIkAe~ tandulavaicArika, gacchAcAra kI TIkAe~ gacchAcAraprakIrNaka kI vRtti jambUdvIpaprajJapti kI TIkA 5. vijayavimala (vikrama saM. 1634) 6. vAnarSi 7. hIravijaya sUri (vikrama saM. 1639) 8. zAnticandragaNi (vikrama saM. 1660) 9. jinahaMsa (vikrama saM. 1582) 10. harSakula (vikrama saM. 1583) jambUdvIpa-prajJapti para prameyaratnamaJjUSA TIkA AcArAMga kI TIkA sUtra-kRtAMga, dIpikA, bhagavatI TIkA aura uttarAdhyayana TIkA AcArAMga vRtti, jJAtAdharmakathA vRtti 11. lakSmIkallolagaNi (vikrama saM. 1596) 12. dAnazekhara 13. vinayahaMsa 14. jinabhaTTa 15. namisAdhu (vikrama saM. 1122) 16. jJAnasAgara (vikrama saM. 1440) mANikyazekhara 18. zubhavarddhana gaNi (saM. 1540) 19. dhIrasundara (saM. 1500) 20. zrIcandrasUri (saM. 1222) 21. kulaprabha (13) 22. rAjavallabha vyAkhyA-prajJapti laghu vRtti uttarAdhyayanavRtti, dazavaikAlika vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti Avazyaka vRtti AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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21. kulaprabha (13) Avazyaka vRtti 22. rAjavallabha Avazyaka vRtti 23. hitaruci (saM. 1697) Avazyaka vRtti 24. ajitadeva sUri AcArAMga vRtti 25. pArzvacandra (saM. 1572) AcArAMga vRtti 26. mANikyazekhara AcArAMga vRtti 27. sAdhuraMga upAdhyAya (saM. 1599) sUtra-kRtAMga vRtti 28. nagarSigaNi (saM. 1657) sthAnAMga vRtti 29. pArzva candra sthAnAMga vRtti 30. sumatikallola sthAnAMga vRtti 31. harSanaMdana (saM. 1705) sthAnAMga vRtti 32. megharAja vAcaka samayAvAMga 33. bhAvasAgara vyAkhyAprajJapti 34. padmasundaragaNi bhagavatI vyAkhyA 35. kastUracandra (saM. 1899) jJAtAdharmakathA 36. harSavallabha upAdhyAya (saM. 1693) upAsaka-dazAMga 37. vivekahaMsa upAsaka-dazAMga vRtti 38. jJAnavimalasUri praznavyAkaraNa vRtti 39. pArzvacandra praznavyAkaraNa vRtti 40. ajitadevasUri praznavyAkaraNa vRtti 41. rAjacandra aupapAtika vRtti 42. pArzvacandra aupapAtika vRtti 43. rAz2acandra rAjapraznIya vRtti 44. ratnaprabhasUri / rAjapraznIya vRtti 45. samaracandra sUri rAjapraznIya vRtti 46. padasAgara (saM. 1700) jIvAbhigama 47. jIvavijaya (saM. 1884) prajJApanA 48. puNyasAgara (saM. 1645) jambUdvIpa prajJapti 49. vinayarAjagaNi catuHzaraNa AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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50. pArzvacandra 51. vinayasenasUri 52. hemacandra gaNi 53. samaracandra (saM. 1603) 54. pArzvacandra 55. saubhAgyasAgara 56. kIrtivallabha (saM. 1552) 57. upAdhyAya kamalasaMyama (saM. 1554) 58. taporatna vAcaka (saM. 1550 ) 44 59. guNazekhara 60. lakSmIvallabha 61. bhAvavijaya (saM. 1689) 62. harSanaMdanagaNi 63. dharmamaMdira upAdhyAya (saM. 1750 ) 64. udayasAgara (saM. 1546) 65. municandrasUri 66. jJAnazIlagaNi 67. ajitacandra sUri 68. rAjazIla 69. udayavijaya 70. megharAja vAcaka 71. nagarSigaNi 72. ajitadeva sUri 73. mANikyazekhara 74. jJAnasAgara 75. sumatisUri 76. samayasundara (saM. 1681) 77. zAntidevasUri 78. somavimalasUri catuHzaraNa catuHzaraNa Atura pratyAkhyAna saMstAraka vRtti tandula vaicArika bRhad - kalpa uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayanavRtti uttarAdhyayanavRtti uttarAdhyayanavRtti uttarAdhyayanavRtti uttarAdhyayanavRtti uttarAdhyayanavRtti dazavaikAlika vRtti dazavaikAlika vRtti dazavaikAlika vRtti dazavaikAlika vRtti AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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81. merusundara dazavaikAlika vRtti 82. mANikyazekhara dazavaikAlika vRtti 83. jJAnasAgara dazavaikAlika vRtti 84. kSamAratna piNDa niyukti vRtti 85. mANikyazekhara piNDa niyukti vRtti 86. jayadayAla nandivRtti 87. pArzvacandra nandivRtti 88. jJAnasAgara (saM. 1439) ogha niyukti 89. mANikyazekhara ogha niyukti 90. brahmamuni (brahmarSi) dazAzrutaskandha vRtti uparyukta vRtti aura vRttikAroM kI vistRta jAnakArI prastuta na karake eka saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| vRttikAroM ne anya kaI vRttiyA~ bhI likhI haiM, jinakA ullekha itihAsakAroM ne alaga-alaga vivecanoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| Aja upalabdha vRttiyoM para kevala kathana mAtra hI kiyA jAtA hai, usa para paricayAtmaka dRSTikoNa apane Apa meM vRttiyoM kI viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko prastuta kara skegaa| yaha eka svatantra anusaMdhAna kA viSaya hai| vicArakoM ke sAmane evaM mere svayaM kI dRSTi meM yaha jijJAsA banI rahI ki vRtti ke rahasya ko alaga-alaga kholA jaae| yaha kaThina kArya hajAroM hAthoM se hI saMbhava hai do hAthoM se zIlAMka-AcArya ke AcArAMga sUtra para prastuta vivecana. ko bhArI mAnate hue jo kucha prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha sUrya ko dIpaka dikhAne kI taraha hogaa| Aja bhI vRttiyoM kI khoja kI AvazyakatA hai| zAstra bhaNDAra mauna par3e hue haiN| ve aise vyakti kI AkAMkSA kara rahe haiM jinameM vRtti rUpa parvata ko uThAne kI zakti hai| hamAre prAcIna bhaNDAra nizcita hI sAMskRtika dharohara ke praharI haiN| isalie aisA prayAsa Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki anusaMdhAnakartA sAmAnya viSayoM kI apekSA isa taraha. ke durUha kArya ko saMpAdita kara anusaMdhAna ke kSetra ko bar3hAe~ / AcArAMga vRtti ina vRttiyoM meM isalie mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai ki yaha AcArAMga sUtra kA prathama paricaya hai| AgamoM meM yaha prathama Agama hai| isalie bhI isakA mahattva nahIM hai, apitu yaha AcArAMga vRtti kI nayAtmaka, dArzanika dRSTi zabda kI vizleSaNAtmaka paddhati, pAribhASika vivecanA aura paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI zrRMkhalA bhI vRtti kI zobhA bar3hAne vAlI hai| zIlAMka AcArya kI isa vRtti meM bahuta kucha hai| isalie anya AgamoM kI vRtti kI taraha isa vRtti kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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TabbA paricaya niyukti bhASya cUrNi evaM vRtti kI parisamApti ke uparAnta TabbA yuga kA prArambha hotA hai, jisameM prAkRta aura saMskRta kI pAramparika paddhati se haTa kara prAkRta kI eka anya vidhA apabhraMza meM apane sthAyItva ke kAraNa vivecanakartAoM ke lie isa mArga ko apanAnA pdd'aa| TabbA eka saMkSipta vivecana zailI hai, jise saMkSipta vRtti, saMkSipta TIkA, saMkSipta vivecana yA saMkSipta paricaya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| saMskRta paNDitoM kI bhASA thii| saMskRta ke sthAyItva ne bhASya aura vRttikAroM ko janma diyaa| parantu prAkRta bhASA kA apanA sthAna hone ke kAraNa prAkRta ke granthoM para prAkRta meM niyukti, cUrNi Adi vivecana prastuta kie ge| ve bhASA ke badalAva ke sAtha vivecanakartA prastuti kI pAramparika paddhati ko chor3akara jana bolI ko bhI Adara dene lagatA hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki apabhraMza ke svarNa yuga meM apabhraMza meM AgamoM para aneka vivecana prastuta kie ge| TabbA kA artha viSaya ko vistAra nahIM de pAye, parantu saMkSipta zailI aura jana bolI meM jo vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA vaha TabbA kahA gyaa| TabbAkAra kauna? TabbAkAra meM pArzvacandra sUri kA nAma prasiddha hai| dharmasiMha jI mahArAja ne 27 sUtroM para Tabbe likhe the| Tabbe bahuta sundara aura spaSTa likhe hue haiN| inakA prakAzana abhI taka nahIM huA hai| TabbA una logoM ke liye mahatva kA hai jo saMskRta aura prAkRta se anabhijJa haiN| saMskRta aura prAkRta ke abhAva meM TabbAkAroM dvArA likhita TabbA ke mAdhyama se sAdhAraNa jana bhI AgamoM kA jJAna kara sakate the| isaliye inheM bAlAvabodha kahA jAtA thaa| anuvAda paricaya Agama sUtra mUla rUpa meM prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| una para TIkAkAroM ne saMskRta evaM prAkRta meM apanI vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI haiN| una vyAkhyAoM yA vivecanoM ko pUrva meM viziSTa jJAnIjana hI adhyayana kara pAte the| dhIre-dhIre yaha paramparA lupta hotI gii| bhASA ne bhI vikAsa ko prApta kiyaa| sthAnIya bhASAoM, boliyoM ne apanA Adhipatya samAyA, tadanusAra badalate bhASA pariveza meM usI bhASA meM anuvAda prastuta kiye gaye, jisa bhASA se Agama ke rahasya ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajhA jA ske| pahale prAkRta evaM saMskRta vivecana ko tathA mUla sUtroM ko bhASAntara rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gyaa| phira prAntIya yA rASTrIya bhASAoM meN| mUlataH unameM tIna pramukha bhASAe~ haiM : AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. aMgrejI bhASA 2. gujarAtI 3. hindI 1. aMgrejI bhASAntara harmana jaikobI ne AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura kalpasUtra para jo bhASAntara/anuvAda prastuta kiye,usase deza-videza ke vidvAnoM ko AgamoM kI vAstavikatA kA bodha ho skaa| inake prastutikaraNa se AgamoM kI sAMskRtika dharohara kA jJAna ho skaa| jarmana ke isa vidvAna ne anya kaI jaina granthoM kA aMgrejI anuvAda yA usakI aMgrejI bhUmikA likhI jisase tattvajJAna kI vAstavikatA kA bodha ho skaa| dazavaikAlika sUtra para bhAratIya vidvAna abhyaMkara ne aMgrejI anuvAda kiyaa| unhoMne upAsaka-dazAMka kA bhI aMgrejI anuvAda bahuta hI sarala DhaMga se prastuta kiyaa| antakRtadazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, vipAka zruta aura nirayAvalI kA bhI aMgrejI anuvAda hai| AgamoM ke atirikta bhI anya granthoM para aMgrejI anuvAda milatA hai| gujarAtI anuvAda ___ AgamavettA paNDita becaradAsa ne gujarAtI meM AgamoM kA saMpAdana evaM saMzodhana prastuta kiyA hai| isa prastutIkaraNa meM unhoMne AgamoM kI bhASA para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai, jo apane Apa meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| Apane bhagavatI sUtra, kalpa-sUtra, rAja-praznIya sUtra, jJAtAdharma sUtra aura upAsaMga-dazA sUtra kA gujarAtI anuvAda prastuta kiyA hai| jIvAbhAI paTela nAmaka vidvAna gujarAtI anuvAda ke lie prasiddha haiN| unhoMne bhI AgamoM ke gujarAtI anuvAda prastuta kiye haiN| paNDita dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kA gujarAtI anuvAda dArzanika vizleSaNa se yukta hai| jisameM kaI mahattvapUrNa TippaNa bhASAtmaka jagata meM viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| paNDita saubhAgya muni saMtabAla ke AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ke gujarAtI anuvAda bhI lokapriya haiN| ina anuvAdoM meM vizeSa TippaNa zabdoM ke saundarya ke sAtha zabdoM ke rahasya ko pratipAdita karate haiN| ina granthoM kI prArambhika bhUmikA AgamoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko prastuta karatI hai| premaM jinAgama prakAzana samiti ghATakopara, mumbaI se Agama ke mUla evaM gujarAtI anuvAda sahita vivecana bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| zramaNI vidyApITha kI sAdhviyoM ne bhI gujarAtI meM kucha anuvAda prastuta kiye haiN| isake atirikta anya kaI gujarAtI anuvAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| hindI bhASAntara - AcArya amolaka RSi ne prAkRta ke 32 Agama granthoM kA anuvAda prastuta karake hindI jagata meM mahattvapUrNa evaM gauravamaya sthAna banAyA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArya AtmArAma kA hindI anuvAda AcArya AtmArAma kA hindI anuvAda bRhad vyAkhyAtmaka paricaya ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| Apake AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, anuttaropapAtika, upAsaka dazAMga, anuyogadvAra, antakRddazAMga, sthAnAMga Adi Agama hindI jagata meM prasiddha haiN| ApakI yaha zruta sevA samAja ko Agama sambandhI jJAna kA paricaya karavA sakI hai| isaliye Apa hindI vivecanakAra ke rUpa meM yuga-yuga taka pahacAne jAte rheNge| - jainAcArya ke rUpa meM prasiddha ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja cira-smaraNIya rheNge| AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, samavAyAMga Adi aGga granthoM, uttarAdhyayana Adi mUla granthoM ke hindI anuvAda to mahattvapUrNa haiM hI parantu 20 AgamoM ke saMskRta vivecana ke prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha hindI anuvAda vyAkhyA sAhitya kI paramparA ke lie nayI dizA hI kahI jA sakatI hai| 19-20 zatAbdI ke isa yuga meM bhI isa taraha kA kArya sarAhanIya avazya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha prastutIkaraNa kevala kalpanAtmaka nahIM hai apitu dArzanika vizleSaNa ke sAtha vividha TippaNoM se alaMkRta avazya hI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| __ AcArya javAharalAla ne sUtrakRtAMga para hindI anuvAda prastuta kiyA hai, jo sUtrakRtAMga kI zIlAMka-vRtti para AdhArita hai| __ AcArya hastimala jI mahArAja ne dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra, praznavyAkaraNa aura antagaDa para apane hindI anuvAda prastuta kie haiN| vRhat-kalpa sUtra kI eka laghu TIkA bhI hindI meM prastuta kI gaI hai| mAlavakesarI saubhAgyamala jI mahArAja ne AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zruta skandha kA hindI anuvAda vistRta vivecana ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| jJAnamuni ne vipAka sUtra,muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' ne ThANAMga aura samavAyAMga, vijayamuni kA anuttaropapAtika, upAdhyAya amara muni Adi ke bhI hindI anuvAda upalabdha hote haiN| abhI kucha samaya se AcArya tulasI ke netRtva meM dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sthAnAMga Adi AgamoM kA hindI anuvAda TippaNI sahita prakAza meM AyA hai| AgamoM para AcArya tulasI ke netRtva meM bhI anuvAda prastuta kie jA rahe haiN| AgamoM kA sampAdana, saMkalana Adi bhI ho rahA hai| __ madhukara muni ke netRtva meM aba taka kA Agama sAhitya para sabase bar3A kArya mAnA jaayegaa| AgamoM ke anupalabdha hindI anuvAda TippaNI sahita prakAzana meM A rahe haiN| zrI jinamaNisAgarasUri kRta kaI AgamoM ke hindI anuvAda evaM mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara ke kalpasUtra evaM RSibhASita ke anuvAda prakAzita ho cuke haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paNDita phUlacanda jI mahArAja kA suttAgama anuvAda, mahAsatI candanA kA uttarAdhyayana kA hindI anuvAda, mahopAdhyAya candraprabhasAgara kA AyAra-sutta, muni lalitaprabhasAgara kA sUyagaDa-sutta Adi hindI anuvAda bhI hindI jagata meM apanA sthAna banAye huye haiN| muniyoM ke atirikta zrAvaka samAja ke dvArA AgamoM para hindI anuvAda prastuta kiye gaye haiN| DaoN. subhASa koThArI aura DaoN. sureza sisodiyA ke prakIrNakoM para hindI anuvAda hamAre sAmane A rahe haiN| AgamoM ke vyAkhyAtmaka paricaya apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa haiN| prAkRta, saMskRta hindI, aMgrejI, gujarAtI Adi ke vivecana AgamoM kI vizeSatAoM ko udghATika karate haiN| niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM AgamoM para likhI gaI haiN| ina AgamoM ke samasta vyAkhyA sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi meM dharma, darzana, saMskRti, tAtvika dRSTi, gaNita, jyotiSa, bhUgola, khagola, maMtra, taMtra, itihAsa Adi kA vivecana hamAre saMskRti aura sabhyatA ke naye AyAmoM ko dRSTigocara karAtI hai| ____ AgamoM kI dezanA ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM huI, jise devavANI kahA gayA hai| ise ArSa bhASA bhI kahA jAtA hai| ArSa puruSa mahAvIra tIrthaMkara paramparA ke antima tIrthaMkara haiN| unakA jo bhI artha rUpa meM pratipAdana huA usako gaNadharoM ne sUtrabaddha kara diyaa| isaliye arthAgama ke praNetA mahAvIra haiM aura zabdAgama (sUtrAgama) ke praNetA gaNadhara mAne jAte haiN| yaha bAta bhI vicAraNIya hai ki jo kucha bhI sUtroM meM thA, usa para niyuktikAroM, bhASyakAroM, cUrNikAroM, TIkAkAroM Adi ne viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko prakAzita karane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha tIrtha-paramparA ke anurUpa mAnA jAtA hai| usameM koI virodha nahIM hai| bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se yA kisI anya dRSTi se ina para vicAra kiyA jAe to AgamoM kA yaha vyAkhyA sAhitya saMskRti kI mahAn surakSA kara skegaa| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha grantha 1. dhavalA pustaka 1/1 'Agamo siddhaMto pavayaNamidi' 2. (ka) anuyoga dvAra pR. 4 (kha) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-gAthA 8/97 3. tatvArtha bhASya 1/20 4. akalaMkadeva-rAjavartika 9/7 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 559 6. vahIM 7. vahIM 8. muni jambUvijaya AcArAMga sUtra, prastAvanA-pR. 1 . bhadrabAhu-Avazyaka niyukti-gAthA 92 9. AcArya bhadra-upadezapada (dekheM-jainAgama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 35) 10. jaina sAhitya bRhada itihAsa, bhAga-1, pR. 82 11. AcArya hemacandra-yogazAstra, pR. 260 12. nandIsUtra mUla sUtra 37 13. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 5 14. jambUvijaya-sUyagaDaMgasuttaM-Amukham pR. 46 15. sUyagaDa adhyayana 9 16. jainendra sidvAnta koza, pR. 427 17. jainendra sidvAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR. 151 18. vipAka sUtra-abhayadeva vRtti / 19. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 110 20. jainendra sidvAnta kosh| bhAga 3, pR. 319 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 151 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa 21. vahI, pR. 151 22. vahI, pR. 151 23. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 159 24. vahI, pR. 160 25. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 117 26. jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 388 27. catu:zaraNa, gA. 11 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 50 For Personal & Private Use Only

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28. bhakta parijJA, gAthA 66 (ka) "daMsaNa bhaTTo bhaTTo daMsaNa bhaTTassa natthi nivvANaM / sijjhati caraNarahiA daMsaNarahiA na sijjhati " (kha) AcArya kundakunda darzanapAhur3a vaicArika 29. koThArI subhASa - tandula 30. saMstAraka gAthA 30 31. 32. 33. gacchAcAra gAthA 135 saMdarbha- viSaya DaoN. subhASa koThArI - devendra stava Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 83 (ka) 'NijjutA te atthA, jaMbaddhA teNa hoI NijjutI' (kha) 'niryuktAnAmeva sUtrArthAnAMyukti -- pariyATyAyojanam" 34. jaina Agama sAhitya - manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 435 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 175 . 35. 36. zAstrI nemIcanda - prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 200 37. jaina Agama sAhitya -- manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 435 38. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 200 39. zAstrI vijaya muni - vyAkhyA sAhitya eka parizIlana, ratnamuni smRti grantha, pR. 58 40. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 176 49. (ka) prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 176 (kha) prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 200 42. gurudeva ratnamuni smRti grantha, pR. 59 43. jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 438 44. jaina Agama sAhitya - manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 248 mUlAcAra 5/82 45. 46. jaina Agama sAhitya -- manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 439 47. mUlAcAra 6/173 48. 49. mUlAcAra 6 / 1-62 50. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 166 51. ratnamuni smRti grantha, pR. 64. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 186 52. mUlAcAra 6/173 53. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 271 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 168 54. 55. jaina Agama sAhitya -- manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 460 56. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha, pR. 32, 33 57. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha dvi. saM. 1990 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 51

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.58. ratnamuni smRti grantha, pR. 74 59. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 179 60. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 201 61. ratnamuni smRti grantha, pR. 74 62. jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 490 63. prAkRti sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 179 64. Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 33 65. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 201 66. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 221 67. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 231 68. zAstrI vijaya muni-vyAkhyA sAhitya parizIlana ratna muni smRti mantra, pR. 82 jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 514 . 70. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 211 71. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 212 72. AcarAMga vRtti, pR. 212 73. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 180 74. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 201 75. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 201 76. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 180 77. jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 515 78. sthAnAMga vRtti prazasti 1-2 79. jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 525 80. jaina Agama sAhitya-manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 534 81. ratna muni smRti grantha, pR. 87 000 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArAMga-vRtti kA pratipAdya viSaya Agama paramparA meM AcArAMga prAcIna evaM sarvaprathama grantha hai| isameM zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra, vinaya, vihAra, sthAna, Asana, samiti, upadhi, tapa, yama, niyama Adi ke viSayoM kA nirdeza hai| yaha zramaNoM kA eka aisA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai jisameM prANImAtra ke jIvana kA samagra citraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| yaha zramaNa jIvana kA kendrabindu hai| isakI apanI pahacAna hai| yaha aGgoM ke sAra rUpa meM AcAra-vicAra kI carcA karatA hai| isakA pratyeka adhyayana jIvana ke kSetra se jur3A huA hai| isa kAraNa se hI ye zramaNoM ke AdhAra kA sAra hai| ___ AcArAMga vRtti meM vRttikAra ne sAra ko sabhI dRSTiyoM se sarvopari mAnate hue zramaNa jIvana kA citraNa kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne AcArAMga ke sAra ko samajhane se pUrva "OM namaH sarvajJAya" isa maGgalAcaraNa se sarvajJa ke liye smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| Age skandhaka chanda ke mAdhyama se vRttikAra ne jinezvaroM ko namana kiyA hai "jo samasta vastuoM, unakI paryAyoM, unake vicAroM aura unake tIrthoM ko tathA tIrthamArga ke pravartakoM ke dvArA jisa nayavAda kA Azraya liyA gayA hai jo vividha hai-aGgoM se yukta hai tathA jinakA mArga siddhAnta ko vyakta karane vAlA hai ve tIrtha anAdi nidhana haiM, anupama haiM, unake dvArA AcAra zAsra ko nizcita kiyA gayA hai tathA jagata meM unhIM kA mArga anupama hai|" tIrtha, samasta jinezvaroM aura vIra prabhu kA vRttikAra ne smaraNa kiyA prArambhika prastAvanA ke rUpa meM maMgalAcaraNa ke uparAnta vRttikAra ne pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM kA kathana kiyA hai-1. jJAnAcAra, 2. darzanAcAra, 3. cAritrAcAra, 4. tapAcAra aura 5. viiryaacaar| .... jo zramaNa ina pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM se yukta hotA hai vaha svasamaya aura parasamaya kA jJAtA hotA hai| vahI, gambhIra, dhIra, ziva aura saumya guNoM se yukta hotA hai| ina guNoM se yukta zramaNa pravacanasAra arthAt AcAra ke rahasya ko aura vItarAgatA ke mArga ko prApta hotA hai| AcArAMga aGga grantha ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| isameM AcAra, brahma, caraNa, zastra, parijJA Adi zabdoM kA nikSepa hai| jaise-1. AcAra, 2. AcAla, 3. Akara, 4. AgAla, 5. AzvAsa, 6. Adarza, 7. aGga,8. AcIrNa, 9. AjAti 10. aamokss| AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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arhat vacana anuyoga hai vaha anuyoga cAra prakAra kA kahA gayA hai1. dharmakathAnuyoga, 2. gaNitanuyoga, 3. dravyAnuyoga aura 4. caraNa karaNAnuyoga / dharma kathA ke antargata uttarAdhyayana sUtra Adi Ate haiN| gaNitAnuyoga ke antargata sUrya prajJApti, candra prajJApti Adi Ate haiN| dravyAnuyoga ke antargata pUrva grantha jisameM samyaktva Adi kA vivecana hotA hai| caraNa karaNAnuyoga meM AcAra se sambandhita grantha Ate haiN| isI paddhati ko AdhAra banAte hue vRttikAra ne AcAra anuyoga kA prArambha kiyA hai| isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai-acArasyAnuyogaarthakathanamAcArAnuyogaH arthAt AcAra kA anuyoga artha kathana-pUrvaka AcAra kA anuyoga AcArAnuyoga hai| sUtra ke anu arthAt pazcAt artha kA yoga anuyoga kahalAtA hai| sUtra adhyayana ke pazcAt artha kA kathana hotA hai, aisI bhAvanA bhI anuyoga hai| anu kA artha hai laghu, sUtra hai, jo mahAn artha kA sUcaka hai| arthAt jahA~ mahAn yoga hai vaha bhI anuyoga hai, arthAt sUtra laghu rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, parantu usakA artha bRhad arthAt vistAra vivecana se yukta hotA hai| anuyoga ke cAra bhedoM ke atirikta vRttikAra ne viSaya vivecana kI dRSTi se pratyeka anuyoga ke alaga-alaga bheda bhI prastuta kiye haiM, jaise-dravyAnuyoga 1. Agama aura 2. noAgama tathA isa dravyAnuyoga ko dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se dravyAnuyoga, kSetrAnuyoga, kAlAnuyoga, vacanAnuyoga, bhAvAnuyoga Adi anuyogoM ke rUpa ko prApta hotA hai| "Acaryate Asevyata ityAcAra" arthAt "jisakA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai yA sevana kiyA jAtA hai vaha AcAra hai|" AcAra ke mUla do bheda kiye haiM-1. dravyAcAra aura 2. bhaavaacaar| isake atirikta jJAnAcAra ke ATha bheda kiye haiM- jaise-1. kAla, 2. vinaya, 3. bahumAna, 4. upadhAma, 5. anihAva, 6. vyaJjana, 7. artha aura 8. vyaJjana arth| darzanAcAra ke ATha bheda kiye haiN| siddhAnta granthoM meM samyaktva ke ATha aGgoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM 1. niHzaMkita, 2. ni:kAMkSita, 3. nirvicikitsA, 4. amUr3ha dRSTi, 5. upabRMhaNa, 6. sthitikaraNa, 7. vAtsalya aura 8. prbhaavnaa| cAritrAcAra tIna gupti aura paJca samiti ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai, jinheM aSTha pravacana mAtA bhI kahate haiN| ' tapAcAra cha: bheda ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| 1. anazana, 2. avamaudarya, 3. vRtti saMkSepaNa, 4, rasatyAga, 5. kAyakleza aura 6.saMlInatA-ye chaH bAhya tapa haiN| prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAkRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura utsarga yaha chaH Abhyantara tapa haiN| isa taraha bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa ke bheda ke kAraNa se tapAcAra bAraha prakAra 54 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kA hai| vIryAcAra aneka prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| AcArAMga vRtti ke isI krama meM zramaNa dharma kA jJAna karAte hue AcAra arthAt AcArAMga ke rUpa meM prasiddha prathama aGga grantha ke viSaya meM yaha niyukti bhI hai ___ "aGgANaM ki sAro" ? aGgoM kA kyA sAra hai? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue likhA hai ki- "AyAro" aGgoM kA sAra AcAra hai| AcAra kA sAra kyA hai? isa prazna kA uttara isa prakAra diyA hai ___"aNuogattho sAro tassaviya parUvaNAsAro" arthAt-anuyoga artha cAra anuyogoM ke artha kA sAra rUpa AcAra hai usakI prarUpaNA arthAt vyAkhyA sabase mahattvapUrNa sAra mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki prarUpaNA sarvajJa kathita hai unakI prarUpaNA se cAritra kI prApti hotI hai| cAritra kI prApti se nirvANa prApta hotA hai aura nirvANa ke liye jinendra bhagavAn ne avyAvAda kahA hai| isa vistArayukta prastAvanA meM vRttikAra ne nikSepa zailI ke mAdhyama se vRtoM, mahAvratoM, brahmacarya kI dRSTi Adi kA paricaya bhI diyA hai| prastAvanA ke rUpa meM prastuta prArambhika kathana AdhyAtmika, dhArmika dRSTi ke vidhi-vidhAna kA pratipAdana to karatA hI hai, sAtha hI yaha sAMskRtika sAmagrI ke mahattvapUrNa aMzoM kA bhI nirUpaNa karatA hai| jahA~ dezakAla kA varNana hai vahA~ brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra-ina cAra varNoM kA vidhAna bhI hai| vRttikAra ne AcAra ko mUla banAkara AcArAMga ke viSaya vibhAjana ko isa rUpa meM kiyA haiviSaya-varNana prathama zrutaskandha baMbhacera nAma ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| yaha zrutaskandha mUla aura uttaraguNoM kI sthApanA karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa adhyAya hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM 9 adhyayana haiN| isake 44 uddezaka haiN| ina uddezakoM meM vRttikAra ne viSaya kA.khulAsA karate hue kahIM dArzanika zailI, kahIM pAribhASika zailI aura kahIM vividha vyutpatti ke mAdhyama se viSaya ko sarala evaM bodhagamya banAyA hai| 1. satyapariNNA (zatraparijJA) 2. logavijayo (lokavijaya) 3. sIosaNijja (zItoSNIya) 4. sammatte (samyaktva) 5. logasAranAma (lokasAra nAma) . 6. dhurya (dhuta) 7. mahApariNNA (mahAparijJA) 8. vimokkha (vimokSa) ... 9, uvahANasuya (upadhAna zruta) AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ye nava adhyayana prathama zrutaskandha ke haiN| AcArAMga vRttikAra ne prathama zrutaskandha kI taraha dvitIya zrutaskandha kA bhI isI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| ddhitIya zrutaskandha-dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyayana haiM, jo tIna cUlikAoM meM vibhakta haiN| prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA yaha zrutaskandha viSaya varNana Adi kI dRSTi se bAda kA hai|11 viSaya-paricaya prathama adhyayana : zastra-parijJA sAta uddezkoM meM vibhakta yaha adhyayana jIva saMyama, loka vijaya, bhAvoM kI parizuddhi evaM SaTkAya jIvoM kI antara kathA ko prastuta karatA hai| zasra parijJA meM do zabda haiM-zastra aura parijJA / zasra kA artha hai Arambha, samArambha, hiMsA aura parijJA kA artha hai "jJa" pratyAkhyAna prajJA yA jJAna kI kriyA hai arthAt isa adhyayana meM jIva saMyama hiMsAdi prihaar| dUsare artha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isameM hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA viveka yA parijJA kA darzana hai| vRttikAra ne zasra parijJA ke do pada diye haiM1. dravya zastra-talavAra, agni, viSa, sneha, Amla, chAra, lavaNa aadi| 2. bhAva zasra-anta:karaNa-mana, vacana va kAbA kI pravRtti / dravya zasra meM sAkSAta hiMsA kI jAtI hai, asra-zasra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| bhAva zastra meM azubha . pravRtti ke kAraNa jIvoM ke ghAta ke liye mana, vacana aura kAyA se pravRtti karatA hai| DaoN. parameSThi dAsa ne AcArAMga-eka adhyayana 2 meM vRttikAra kI vRtti para hI isa prakAra kA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai ki zastra parijJA nAmaka adhyayana hiMsA ke sAdhanabhUta upakaraNoM para viveka dRSTi jAgRta karane kI bhAvanA utpanna karatA hai| vRttikAra ne zastra kI vyAkhyA karane ke bAda parijJA ke bhI do bheda kiye haiM--13 1. dravya parijJA aura 2. bhAva prijnyaa| dravya parijJA ke do bheda kiye haiM--1. jJa parijJA aura 2. pratyAkhyAna parijJA / jJa parijJA ke bhI Agama aura noAgama ye do bheda kiye haiN| Agama aura noAgama ke bhI kaI bheda darzAye gaye haiN| jJa parijJA meM saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta rAga-dveSAdi azubha bhAvoM kA parijJAna hai| pratyAkhyAna parijJA meM rAga-dveSa Adi azubha yogoM kA parityAga hai| isameM saMsAra ke kAraNoM kA parityAga tathA saMyama aura sAdhanA ke upakaraNoM para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| 56 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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zastra parijJA ke isa nirUpaNa meM SaTakAya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA virodha hai| jIva ke astittva kA prArambha se anta taka vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura jagaha-jagaha yaha bodha karAyA gayA hai ki jisa taraha se loka meM manuSya apane jIvana ko cAhatA hai usI taraha se pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati bhI apane jIvana ko surakSita rakhanA cAhate haiN| jahA~ samAja kA prANI mAtra jInA cAhatA hai, vahA~ prakRti se jur3e hue pRthvI Adi tatva apane jIvana ko surakSita cAhate haiN| yadi inakI surakSA nahIM to paryAvaraNa kI samasyA ajagara kI taraha vikarAla rUpa le legI, jisase hamArA astittva aura prakRti kA samagra astitva khatare meM par3a jaayegaa| prastuta adhyayana meM prakRti se jur3e hue samagra cetanA tatva ko samajhe binA jIvoM ke astittva ko surakSita rakha pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| hamArA paryAvaraNa surakSita hogA to samagra vAtAvaraNa surakSita hogA, sabhI jIvanta hoMge, sabhI eka dUsare ko smjheNge| ___ mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM nizcita hI vaijJAnikatA rahI hogii| isIliye unhoMne zastra parijJA adhyayana ke mAdhyama se sahaastitva ko adhika bala diyaa| pRthvI se lekara per3a-paudhoM taka ke sAtha maitrI bhAva sarvopari mAnA hai| unhoMne pratyeka jIva kI saMjJA ko mahattva diyaa| pratyeka jIva ke astitva ko bala diyaa| cAhe ve khanija padArtha hoM, jalIya padArtha hoM yA agni ke padArtha hI kyoM na hoN| una sabhI meM jIva hai unheM mArane kA matalaba hai apane ko mAranA, unheM satAne kA matalaba hai apane ko satAnA, ityAdi samatva ko niyojita karane vAle sAdhana haiN| saMgharSamaya jIvoM kI surakSA ko surakSita rakhanA prastuta adhyayana kA mUla pATha hai / pratyeka uddezaka kA viSaya paricaya nimna prakAra haiprathama uddezaka - isa uddezaka ke prArambha meM sudharmA svAmI ne jambU svAmI ko sambodhita karate hue mahAvIra kI isa ukti ko pratipAdita kiyA hai ki isa saMsAra meM kitane hI aise jIva haiM jinheM yaha taka nahIM patA hotA hai ki maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~? aura kyA hoU~gA? Agama kI yaha paMkti/vANI bhagavAn ke artha rUpa Agama kA sampUrNa bodha karAtI hai ki jIva saMjJAvAna hai parantu ve apanI saMjJA ko ajJAnatA ke kAraNa nahIM jAna pAte haiM, kyoMki ajJAnatA se yukta prANiyoM ko saMjJA se rahita, doSoM se yukta taba taka mAnA jAtA rahegA, jaba taka ki ve jJAna ko prApta nahIM ho jAte haiN| jJAna saMjJA Atmabodha karAne vAlI hai| yaha sva aura para kA bodha karAtI hai| ___ AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai? jIva kaise bhavAntara ko prApta hotA hai ? ityAdi kaI prazna sAmane Ate haiM sUtrakAra ne jisa saMjJA kA kathana kiyA hai yaha jJAna saMjJA hai, vRttikAra ne saMjJA para vRtti likhate hue saMjJA ke dasa bheda kiye haiMAcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. AhAra saMjJA, 2. bhaya saMjJA, 3. maithuna saMjJA, 4. parijJA saMjJA, 5. krodha saMjJA, 6. mAna saMjJA, 7. mAyA saMjJA, 8. lobha saMjJA, 9. ogha saMjJA aura 10. loka saMjJA / sUtra meM no zabda niSedha artha meM prayoga kiyA hai isase sarva niSedha aura deza niSedha donoM hI niSedha ho jAte haiN| saMjJA kA sAmAnya artha jJAna hotA hai / isa dRSTi se bhI vRttikAra ne do bheda kiye haiM - 1. jJAna saMjJA, 2. anubhava saMjJA / 15 mati, zruta, avadhi, manaH paryava aura kevala jJAna- ye pA~ca jJAna saMjJA haiM aura apane karmodaya se hone vAlI AhAra Adi kI abhilASA rUpa saMjJA aura, anubhavana saMjJA hai| anubhavana saMjJA ke 16 bheda ginAye haiM- AhAra, bhaya, parigraha, maithuna, sukha, duHkha, moha, vicikitsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, zoka, loka, dharma aura ghoSa / " iha megesi No saNNA bhavahU" "16 prastuta sUtra meM " No saNNA" zabda isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki anubhavana saMjJA prayojanabhUta nahIM hai, jJAna saMjJA hI prayojanamUlaka hai| isase yaha abhiprAya nikalatA hai ki Nora saMjJA jJAna avabodha kA sUcaka hai| prANiyoM ko viziSTa jJAna na hone ke kAraNa se hI yaha jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai ki ve pUrva dizA se Aye haiM, pazcima dizA se Aye haiM, uttara dizA se Aye haiM, dakSiNa dizA se Aye haiM, Urdhva dizA se Aye haiM yA adho dizA se Aye haiM / sUtrakAra ke dvArA prayukta dizA para vRttikAra ne dizA kI vyutpatti dI aura dizA ke bheda bhI ginAye haiM / nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, tApa, prajJApaka aura bhAva -- ye sAta dizAe~ dI haiN| kisI bhI vastu kA nAma dizA ho to vaha nAma dizA hai, jaise- citralikhita jambUdvIpa kA nAma ityAdi rUpa meM dizAoM ko dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| cAra dizAoM ke antarAla meM cAra vidizAe~ haiM / ATha ke antarAla meM 8 aura antara haiN| isa prakAra 16 dizAe~ huiiN| isameM Urdhva aura adho dizA milAne para 18 prajJApaka dizAe~ hotI haiN| 17 AtmA kA astitva, AtmA kI siddhi, AtmA kA anumAna, AtmA kI nityatA, AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI" siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa bhI prathama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM hai / Atma-cintana, karma-cintana, karma kI vyApakatA karma ke nimitta se hone vAle bandhana maiMne kiye, maiMne karavAye, maiMne karate hue kA anumodana kiyA / ina karma samArambhoM kA pratyAkhyAna karma ke kAraNa se utpanna hone vAlI vividha yoniyoM kA vRttikAra ne sUkSma varNana kiyA hai / saMkSipta rUpa meM yahA kahA jA sakatA hai ki zastra parijJA nAmaka adhyayana kA prathama uddezaka Atma-vicAra ko pradarzita karane vAlA hai / yaha karma bandhana kI kriyAoM aura unake kAraNoM ko samajhAne vAlA AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 58 For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai kyoMki isa uddezaka meM jJAna kriyA ko upAdeya batAyA hai aura kahA hai ki jJAna kriyA mokSa ko pradAna karane vAlI hai| dvitIya uddezaka yaha uddezaka pRthvI kAya se sambandhita hai tathA ahiMsaka sAdhaka ko sUkSma jIvoM kI rakSA kA upadeza detA hai / vRttikAra ne likhA hai ki upayoga, yoga, adhyavasAya, matijJAna, zrutajJAna, cakSu darzana, aSTa prakAra ke karmoM kA udaya aura bandha, lezyA, saMjJA, zvAsocchavAsa evaM kaSAya yaha pRthvIkAya jIva meM manuSya kI taraha pAye jAte haiN|20 pRthvIkAya kI sacetanatA siddha karate hue vRttikAra ne yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki pRthvI prANavAna hai, jo isako khodate haiM, khanana karate haiM, vividha prakAra ke dhAtuoM kA prayoga karate haiM, unheM nikAlate haiM yA unheM jAnabUjhakara saMtapta karate haiM, ve pratyakSa aura parokSa donoM hI taraha se duHkhI hote haiN|21 pRthvI ke mUla do bheda haiM, dravya pRthvI aura bhAva pRthvii| bAdara aura sUkSma kI dRSTi se bhI do prakAra kI pRthvI hai| isake atirikta pRthvI ke vRttikAra ne 36 bheda prastuta kiye haiN| anya Agama granthoM meM bhI 36 bheda batAye haiN|22 pannavaNA sutta meM pRthvI ke 40 bheda ginAye haiN| pahalI gAthA meM 14 bheda, dUsarI meM 8 bheda, tIsarI meM 9 bheda aura cauthI meM bhI 9 bheda ginAye haiN| isake atirikta bAdara pRthvI, khara bAdara pRthvI Adi ke bheda prastuta kiye haiN|23 pRthvI ke ukta bhedoM ke atirikta unake varNa, rasa gandha, sparza Adi bhI pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN|4 pRthvI ke nAnA bheda, prabheda, varNa, AkAra, prakAra Adi kI vistAra carcA paryAvaraNa kI surakSA pradAna karatI hai| "puDhavisatthaM samAraMbhemANA aNNe aNegarUve pANe vihiNsii"|25 . arthAt pRthvI zasra kA samArambha karane vAle anya aneka prakAra ke prANiyoM kI (jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati, trasa jIvoM kI) hiMsA karate haiM, unakA ghAta karate haiM evaM unako satAte haiN| pRthvI manuSya kI taraha sacitta hai / 26 jo pRthvIkAya kA Arambha samArambha tIna karaNa (kRta, kArita aura anomodita), tIna yoga (mana, vacana aura kAyA) aura tIna kAla kI apekSA se nahIM karatA tathA jo samArambha ko "jJa" parijJA se jAnakara pratyAkhyAna parijJA se sarvathA chor3atA hai, vaha vivekI hai, vahI, karma bandhanoM se mukta hai| tRtIya uddezaka- . isa uddezaka meM pRthvIkAya kI taraha apakAya ke samArambha ko dhyAna meM rakha kara usakA bhI samArambha nahIM karane kA nirdeza hai / apakAya meM bhI jIva hai, ve puruSa mahAvithI ke jJApaka apakAya ke loka ko (jalakAya ke jIva samUha ko) jAnakara abhaya kI kAmanA karate haiM kyoMki loka meM apakAya jalakAya para bhI jIva nirbhara rahate haiN| isaliye apakAya AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIvoM kI virAdhanA kA niSedha kiyA hai| apakAya jIvoM kA apakAyaka bhI na kreN| jisa prakAra manuSya meM jIva hai usI taraha se jala bhI jIva hai jala sacitta hai kyoMki bhUmi ko khodane para svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prakaTa hotA hai| "udayasatthaM samArabha mANA aNNe aNegarUve pANe vihiMsati" 27 sUtra 1/3 saM. 22 / udaka zastra (apakAya) (jalakAya) kA samArambha karane vAle anya aneka prakAra ke prANiyoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| AgamoM meM apakAya ke kaI bheda kiye gaye haiM, jaise1. sacitta8, 2. acitta aura 3. scitt-acitt| isake atirikta sUkSma bAdara Adi kI dRSTi se bhI apakAya kA vivecana vRttikAra ne vistAra se kiyA hai| sabase mahattvapUrNa aura vicAraNIya saMdarbha nimna hai, jisameM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jala 1. zuddhodaka, 2. uSma, 3. hima, 4. mahika aura 5. haratanU hai 1. zuddhodaka-tar3Aga, samudra, nadI, tAlAba aura kUpa kA jl| 2. uSma 3. hima-zizira ke samaya meM zIta pudgala samparka se jo jala prApta hotA 4. mahika-garbhamAsa meM sAyaM aura prAtaH dhUmika pAta mahika kahalAtA hai| (koharA) 5. haratanU-varSA aura zaradakAla meM harita tRNoM ke aMkura para jo jalabindu bhUmi ke sneha ke samparka se utpanna hote haiM ve haratanU haiM (osa knn)| vRttikAra ne praznAtmaka zailI meM jala kA Arambha jala kI hiMsA se bacane kA upAya diyA hai| yadyapi anya matAvalambI AjIvaka sampradAya, zAkya aura parivrAjaka Adi apakAya ko saMcita nahIM mAnate haiM, isaliye ve snAna evaM pIne ke liye grahaNa karate haiN| parantu jaina AgamoM meM zramaNoM kA isa prakAra kA samArambha kA bhI niSedha kiyA hai| jala jIva hai, jala sacetana hai, jala kA apavyaya, jala kA pradUSaNa ucita nahIM hai kyoMki apakAya kA Arambha ahitakara hai| vivekavAna vyakti Adhunika paryAvaraNa ke jala pradUSaNa para kiMcita bhI dhyAna karatA hai to jala kA upayoga jIvananirvAha ke atirikta jala ke samArambha ko avazya roka sakatA hai tathA usase hone vAle samArambha kI roka ke liye prayatnazIla bana sakatA hai| kAma kA tyAga karane vAle jala ko sacetana mAna kara saMyama vidhi se jIvanayApana karate haiN|29 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 60 For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha uddezaka ___ isa uddezaka meM tejakAya ko bhI sacetana mAnA hai| agni kI sacetanatA Atma sAmAnya kI taraha hai| agni ko saceta siddha karane vAle aneka pramANa diye haiM, jaise-juganU kA zarIra prakAza detA hai| jvara kI uSNatA bhI jIva saMyukta zarIra meM hI hotI hai, mRta zarIra meM kabhI jvara kI uSNatA nahIM pAI jAtI hai ataH agni kI svAbhAvika uSNatA usake sacetanA ko prakaTa karatI hai| anumAna pramANa se bhI agni meM sajIvatA siddha hai, jaise-aGgAra kA prakAza AtmasaMyogapUrvaka hai| juganU kA zarIra viziSTa prakAzayukta hai| agni ke sUkSma aura bAdara-ye do pramukha bheda haiN| agni ke anya pA~ca bheda bhI haiM, jaise-aGgAra, agni, arci, jvAlA aura murmur| agni ke samArambha ko atyanta bhayaMkara tathA dizAoM ko jalAne vAlA aura atyanta pIDAkArI mAnA gayA hai| parijJAzIla vyakti, jAgrata vyakti aisA kArya nahIM karate haiM, jisase agni kA saMhAra ho, agni kA ghAta ho aura agni kI virAdhanA ho| __"agaNiM ca khalu puThThA ege saMdhAyamAvajjaMti / je tattha saMdhAya mAvajjati te tattha pariyAvijjati je tattha pariyAvijjaMti te tattha udghAyaMti 1/4/3631 agni ko jalAne se aura jalatI huI agni ko bujhAne se bhI hiMsA hotI hai| agni ko prajvalita karane vAle ko bhI hiMsA kA pAtra bananA par3atA hai kyoMki agni zasra aneka prANiyoM ko bhasmIbhUta kara detA hai| jo agni prajvalita karatA hai vaha mahAn karma bA~dhatA hai aura jo agni bujhAtA hai vaha alpa karma bA~dhatA hai| agni ke Arambha ko evaM usase hone vAle karma bandhana kI kriyAoM ko jAnabUjhakara vivekazIla baneM, jisase azubha pariNAmoM kI pravRtti se pUrNataH bacA jA ske| paJcama uddezaka __ AcAsaMga sUtra meM vAyukAya jIva kA varNana na karake isa uddezaka meM vanaspatikAya kA varNana kiyA hai| vanaspati kI vyApakatA isa loka meM hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI vanaspatiyA~ mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI haiN| vanaspatiyA~ kisa prakAra kI hotI haiM? unakA raGga kaisA hotA hai ? unakA rUpa kaisA hotA hai? aura ve kaise vRddhi ko prApta hotI haiM? inakI sampUrNa jAnakArI vRttikAra ne dI hai| jo vanaspati kA chedana-bhedana, kuThArAghAta karate haiM yA unako kATate haiM ve apanA hI ahita karate haiN| vanaspati ke samArambha ke kAraNa se anya jala Adi kAraNoM kA bhI vinAza hotA hai pRthvI kA saMtulana bigar3atA hai| jalIya srota samApta hote haiN| vanaspati kI sacetanatA AgamoM meM sarvatra dI gaI hai| manuSya kI taraha vanaspati sacetana hai| mAnava zarIra jisa taraha utpanna hotA hai vaise hI vanaspati bhI utpanna hotI hai unakA zarIra bar3hatA hai, unake kATane-chedane se milAnatA ko prApta hotI hai| manuSya AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI taraha ve bhI AhAra ko grahaNa karatI haiM, jaise--- yaha zarIra anitya hai, azAzvata hai, ghaTatA-bar3hatA hai, hAni-vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai, vaise hI vanaspatiyA~ apane zarIra meM vikAra ko utpanna karatI haiM / vanaspati kA zarIra jJAna saMyukta hai, vanaspatiyoM meM bhI sonA aura jAganA pAyA jAtA hai| lAjavantI, dhAtrI jaisI vanaspatiyA~ sotI aura jAgatI haiN| kucha vanaspatiyA~ nIce jamIna meM gar3e hue dhana kI rakSA karatI haiN| kucha varSAkAla ke megha kI garjanA se aMkurita hotI haiN| kucha zizira Rtu meM pavana ke vega se aMkurita hotI haiN| azoka vRkSa ke pallava aura phUla tabhI utpanna hote haiM jaba kAmadeva ke saMsarga se skhalita gativAlI, capala netravAlI 16 zRMgAra se sajI huI yuvatI apane nUpura se zabdAyamAna sukomala caraNa se usakA sparza karatI hai / bakula vRkSa sugandhita mada ke phUloM se siMcana karane se vikasita hotA hai| vikasita lAjavantI hAtha ke sparza mAtra saMkucita ho jAtI hai| ye sabhI kriyAe~ vanaspati meM sajIvatA ko siddha karane vAlI haiM / 33 vanaspati ke nAnA prakAra ke bheda AgamoM meM diye gaye haiM / mUla rUpa se sUkSma aura bAdara, pratyeka va sAdhAraNa, vRkSa, gucchA, gulma, latA, vallI, parvaga ityAdi vanaspatiyoM kA vRttikAra ne vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / 34 vanaspati ke bIja kI apekSA se . kaI bheda kiye gaye haiM, jaise- agrabIja, mUla bIja, skandha bIja, porabIja, sammUrcchana aura samAsatva Adi / 35 SaSTha uddezaka (trasajIva vivecana )---- " trasyantIti trasA" 36 jo spaMdana ko prApta hote haiM ve trasa haiN| trasa jIvoM ke mUla rUpa se do bheda haiM - 1. labdhitrasa aura 2 gatitrasa / yoni kI apekSA se bhI kaI bheda kiye gaye haiM, jaise- aMDaja, potaja, jarAyuja, rasaja, sasvedaja, samUrcchana, uddhija aura auppaatik| ATha prakAra ke janma trasa ke kahe gaye haiM / vRttikAra ne inako tIna meM samAveza kara diyA hai-- aMDaja, potaja aura jarAyuja (garbhajajanma) yA rasaja, sasvedaja uddhija (sammUrcchana janma) / deva aura nArakIya utpAda janma vAle hone se aupapAtika haiM / yaha prANI saMsAra hI hai arthAt ATha janma vAle jIvoM kA samudAya saMsAra hai| ukta sabhI ke bheda-prabhedoM kA vRttikAra ne vistAra se kaMthana kiyA hai| trasakAya ke do indriya, tIna indriya, caturindriya, paJcendriya saMjJI aura asaMjJI Adi kA vivecana bhI isa uddezaka meM hai / zuddhajala svArtha ke vazIbhUta hokara kabhI - kabhI 37 ina prANiyoM ko devI-devatAoM ko bhoga dene ke liye mArate haiM / kabhI camar3e ke limvyApra Adi ke camar3e ko utArate haiM, mAMsa ke liye bakare Adi ko sUlI para car3hA dete haiM, khUna ke liye hRdaya ko nikAlate haiM / pitta ke liye mora ko mArate haiM, carbI ke liye bAgha ko mArate haiM, magara, varAha Adi ko satAte haiM, picchI ke liye mayUra ko mArate haiN| pU~cha ke liye carmI 62 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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gAya ke bAloM ko nikAlate haiM, siMha ke liye mRga kA ghAta karate haiM, dAr3ha, nakha, kezoM, haDDI Adi ke liye bhI pazu vadha karane meM vyakti jarA-sA saMkoca nahIM karatA hai| apane manovinoda ke liye manuSya kyA se kyA anartha nahIM kara DAlatA hai|38 jo vyakti apane iSTa kI prApti ke liye devI, devatAoM ke sAmane sampUrNa lakSaNoM se yukta deha ko samarpita karatA hai vaha mAnavIya tatva ko naSTa karatA hai| yahI vidyA, maMtra, taMtra Adi andhavizvAsa ke sUcaka haiM, jo vyakti sampUrNa jagata kI bhalAI cAhatA hai, paryAvaraNa ko bacAnA cAhatA hai vaha aisA kRtaghna kArya kabhI bhI nahIM kregaa| parijJAzIla vyakti vahI, hai jo prANI mAtra ke saMrakSaNa meM apanA yoga lagAtA hai|39 saptama uddezaka jo bahatI hai yA jIvana dAna detI hai vaha vAyu hai|40 vAyu cetanA vAlI hai| vaha dUsare ke dvArA prerita kiye binA hI gati karatI hai| isake sAtha kaI ur3ate hue prANI bhI haiM jo ekatrita hokara andara girate haiM aura vAyu kI hiMsA ke sAtha duHkha pAte haiM, mUrcchita hote haiM aura mRtyu ko prApta karate haiN| vAyukAya ke mUlataH do bheda haiM-1. sUkSma aura 2. baadr| yaha sampUrNa loka meM vyApta hai| isake avAntara pA~ca bheda haiM- .. 1. utkalikA, 2. maMDalikA, 3. gunjA 4. ghanavAta, 5. zuddhavAta / isameM vAyu se ghAta hone vAle prANiyoM kA bhI alaga-alaga rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| sAmAnya rUpa meM gRha meM prayukta hone vAlA vijanA, sUpa patra, vastra Adi ke hilAne se jIvoM kA samArambha hotA hai| gatimAna vAyu nizcita hI vinAza kA kAraka hai| isalie vRttikAra ne utkalikA (bavaMDara), maMDalikA (cakravAta), guMjA (gUMjane vAlI), ghanavAta (pRthvI hima paTala ko hilA dene vAlI) aura zuddhavAta (sAmAnya rUpa se calane vAlI vAyu) ko ghAtaka mAnA hai| prajJAvAna puruSa Atmahita kI icchA ke kAraNa sabhI prakAra ke vAyu saMghAta ko, vAyu pradUSaNa ko, vAyu paryAvaraNa ko, acchI taraha samajhatA hai, usa para vicAra karatA hai 2 aura vAyu samArambha ke parityAga ko jIvana kA aGga banAtA hai| jahA~ ahita hai vahA~ paryAvaraNa kA pradUSaNa hai, samArambha hai aura jahA~ hita hai vahA~ samagra vAtAvaraNa samRddha hai| svaccha vAyu hI svaccha jIvana hai nirogI kAyA hai| isa taraha SaTakAya arthAt cha: kAya jIvoM kI surakSA kA vivecana vRttikAra ne kiyA hai| isameM pRthvI, jala kI mahimA, agni kI garimA, vanaspati kI upayogitA aura vAyumaNDala kI surakSA para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| paJca tatva ke rUpa meM pracalita pRthvI jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati tathA saMvedana spandana se yukta samasta trasa jIvoM ke saraMkSaNa kA paryApta AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vivecana kiyA gayA hai vaha jJAna naya aura caraNa naya para AdhArita hai / AcArAMga meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hai, AcAra-vicAra kI ujjvalatA hai isaliye vRttikAra ne sUtra kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke liye naya mArga kA sahArA liyaa| unhoMne durnaya ko kahIM bhI, kisI bhI jagaha praveza nahIM karane diyA / ve sunaya ko bhI kendrabindu banAkara prathama adhyayana ke sAtoM uddezakoM meM samyaktva ko, Atma tattva ko aura Atma vikAsa ko adhika bala denA cAhate haiM / unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki jJAna ke abhAva meM kriyA kucha bhI kArya nahIM kara sakatI hai aura kriyA ke abhAva meM jJAna samyaktva kI ora agrasara nahIM ho sakatA hai| unhoMne eka dRSTAnta bhI diyA ki dekhatA huA la~gar3A agni kI jvAlA meM avazya jalegA aura daur3atA huA andhA dekhane ke abhAva meM avazya hI adhogati evaM agni ko prApta hogA / jJAna aura kriyA la~gar3e aura a kI taraha hai| la~gar3A dekhane kA kArya karatA hai vaha jJAna se yukta hai parantu andhA kriyA ke kAraNa apane gantavya mArga ko prApta ho pAtA hai / 43 mahAvratI zramaNa prajJA ke AdhAra para evaM cAritra kI pramukhatA ke kAraNa zastra parijJA (hiMsA aura ahiMsA) ko jAna letA hai| dvitIya adhyayana : loka-vijaya loka-vijaya adhyayana meM chaH uddezaka haiN| jinameM bAhya aura abhyAntara dRSTiyoM se loka kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai| loka mithyAtva hai, upazama bhI hai, kSaya bhI haiM aura kSayopazama bhii| samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra bhI hai| parama Ananda ke pratIka mokSa kA kAraNa bhI saMsAra hai / saMsAra meM bandha bhI hai aura mokSa bhI / Asakti, rAga, dveSa, moha Adi bhI haiM / ataH paJca mahAvratoM meM pravINa prajJA puruSa loka kI vijaya prApta karatA hai / 4 loka meM svajana bhI haiM, mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bandhu, kuTumbIjana bhI Ate haiM / ye sabhI bAhya saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM / bAhya saMsAra ke saMsarga se Asakti, mamatA, sneha, vaira, ahaMkAra, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura kaSAya Adi ke kAraNa bhI banate haiM / yaha bAhya saMsAra se utpanna hone vAlA saMsarga Abhyantara saMsAra hai / 'lokyata itiloka'45 arthAt jise dekhA jAye yA jo pratIta hotA hai vaha loka hai / loka saMsAra yA vizva ke viSaya meM AgamoM aura siddhAnta granthoM meM yaha kathana kiyA gayA hai ki jisameM dharma, adharma, astikAya arthAt jIva, ajIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza ye astikAya aura kAla dravya jAtA hai vaha loka hai| loka chaH dravyoM ke samudAya kA nAma hai / loka dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se cAra prakAra kA hai, usake 24 bheda haiM / kaSAya bhI loka hai / arthAt krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM ke kAraNa se bhI loka utpanna hotA hai / isa taraha prArambhika prastAvanA meM vRttikAra ne loka vijaya kA naya-nikSepa Adi kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai / unhoMne dravya ke svarUpa kA kathana karate hue sAMsArika aura pAramArthika loka ke mahattva 1 64 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| mUla rUpa meM jahA~ viSaya, sukha, pipAsA, Asakti Adi hai vahA~ loka hai| isI krama meM vRttikAra ne dravya saMsAra, kSetra saMsAra, kAla saMsAra, bhava saMsAra aura bhAva saMsAra para prakAza DAlA hai| ina pA~ca prakAra ke saMsAra ko jItane vAlA loka vijayI kahalAtA hai / yaha chaha uddezakoM meM vibhAjita haiprathama uddezaka___ "je guNe se mUlaThANe, je mUlaThANe se gunne|"48 mUla sUtra para vRttikAra ne vistRta vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki jo guNa haiM arthAt viSaya haiM, saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM, ve mUla sthAna saMsAra rUpa hI haiM, jo mUla sthAna haiM ve guNa haiN| viSaya saMsAra rUpI vRkSa ke mUla haiM unake kAraNa se kAma-vAsanA utpanna hotI hai, kAma-vAsanA se citta meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai aura citta ke vikAra ke kAraNa se vyakti viSaya-bhogoM meM vAstavika Ananda nahIM le pAtA; kyoMki viSaya-bhoga Asakti hai, mugdhatA hai evaM bhrAnti hai| isase hI saMsAra hai| saMsAra viSaya sukha pipAsA hai, saMsAra meM karma pradhAna hai, kaSAyoM ko sthAna diyA jAtA hai| moha ke kAraNa se manojJa viSaya meM rAga bhAva utpanna hotA hai aura amanojJa viSayoM ke prati aruci utpanna ho jAtI hai| viSayoM ke kaSAya, pramAda, rAga, dveSa Adi bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai|49 isa saMsAra meM manuSyoM kI Ayu atialpa hai| vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa kAna, A~kha, nAka, jIbha aura sparzana indriya kSINa ho jAtI hai AyuSya bandha ke samaya Ayu kI sthiti ko dekha kara prANI digmUr3ha ho jAtA hai| vRttikAra ne Ayu ke upakramoM kI sAmAnya gaNanA isa prakAra kI hai-daNDa, cAbuka, zastra, agni, pAnI meM DUbanA, viSa, sarpa, zIta, uSNa, arati, bhaya, bhUkha, pyAsa, vyAdhi, TaTTI-pezAba kA nirodha, bhojana kI viSamatA, pIsanA, ghoTanA, pIr3A denA Adi Ayu ko madhya meM tor3ane vAlA upakrama hai|50 manuSya janma bahumUlya hai cAhe vaha kisI bhI avasthA kA bhI kyoM na ho| yaha janma jarA aura bharaNa trANa dene vAlI nahIM hai| zaraNabhUta nahIM hai eka mAtra zaraNa jJAna, darzana aura cAritra pradhAna dharma hai| AtmA ke kAraNa se hita hotA hai| hita mokSa hai, Atma-kalyANa ke liye prayatna karanA ucita aura hitakArI hai|52 dvitIya. uddezaka "araiM AuTTe se mehAvI, khaNaMsi mukke / "53 "saMyama ke prati hone vAlI aruci ko dUra kareM tAki zIghra hI mukta ho sako" Atma-kalyANa ke liye samyakratna Avazyaka hai| isaliye kiMcit bhI arati na kreN| cAritra mArga ko svIkAra karake pA~ca prakAra ke AcAra kA vidhivata pAlana kreN|54 saMyama meM arati hone kA kAraNa indriyajanya sukha meM rati hai| indriya sukha saMyama ke bAdhaka haiN| puNDarIka ko indriya sukha kI abhilASA huI thI, parantu saMyama AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 65 For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM rati ke kAraNa arati ko dUra na kara sakA / saMyama aMgIkAra karanA atyanta kaThina . hai parantu jo indriya sukha se virakta hai vaha anupama sukha kA adhikArI hai / 55 saMyamI ke sAmane cakravartI aura indra kA sukha bhI nagaNya hai / 6 saMyamI AtmA ko saMyama se anupama zAnti, atula sukha utpanna hotA hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA hai- "vimuttA te jaNA jejaNA pAragamiNo / " I dehI manuSya arthAt unheM hI manuSya kahA jAtA hai jo vimukta hai aura pAragAmI hai| isa dvitIya uddezaka meM vRttikAra ne saMyama kI utkRSTatA para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai / isI taraha vRttikAra ne indra samArambha ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki jo bala prApti ke kAraNa, mAtA-pitA Adi svajanoM ke kAraNa athavA viSayaM kaSAya Adi ke kAraNa jIva anya prANiyoM meM daNDa (hiMsA) samAraMbha karatA hai / vaha ahita karane vAlA hai, ajJAna ko bar3hAne vAlA hai isaliye prajJAvanta ko cAhie ki vaha na to svayaM daNDa samAraMbha kare na dUsaroM se daNDa samAraMbha karAve aura na daNDa samAraMbha karane vAle kA samarthana hI kre| isa prakAra tIna karaNa evaM manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA - ina tIna yogoM se pUrNataH daNDa samAraMbha kA parityAga kare | 17 tRtIya uddezaka saMyama kI dRr3hatA ajJAna aura Asakti ke abhAva hone para hI AtI hai / lobha kaSAya kI taraha mAna kaSAya bhI arati kA kAraNa hai / kaSAyoM ke abhAva hone para Asakti ghaTatI hai / 58 vRttikAra ne bandha, udaya aura sattA kI avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| varNana karane meM apanAyA hai59_ apekSA se jIvAtmA kI vividha vRttikAra ne nimna bhaGga zailI ko 1. nIca gotra kA bandha 2. nIca gotra kA bandha 3. nIca gotra kA bandha 4. ucca gotra kA bandha 5. ucca gotra kA bandha 6. bandha bhAva 7. bandha bhAva nIca gotra, ucca gotra meM yaha prANI aneka bAra utpanna huA hai aura hotA hai isaliye ucca gotra kA abhimAna nahIM karanA cAhie evaM nIca gotra ke kAraNa dInatA nahIM lAnA caahie| jo aisA karatA hai vaha svayaM duHkhI hotA hai / ucca, nIca sthAnoM meM janma koI navIna kArya nahIM hai kyoMki pUrva meM aneka bAra janma liyA / ataH 66 AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana nIca gotra kA udaya aura nIca gotra kI sattA / nIca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / nIca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / ucca gotra kA udaya aura ucca kI sattA / For Personal & Private Use Only

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abhimAna Asakti aura viSAda kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| andhatva, badhiratva, mUkatva, kANatva, kuNTatva, kubjatva, vaDabhatva, zyAmatva, zabalatva Adi kI vividha yAtanAe~, vividha padArthoM meM prApta kI haiN| vRttikAra ne andhatva, bahitva Adi zabdoM ke viSaya evaM kAraNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| janma aura maraNa kA yaha cakra anAdi kAla se calatA huA prANiyoM ko dukhita kara rahA hai| ataH jo vyakti apane jIvana kI taraha dUsare ke jIvana ko priya samajhatA hai vaha kisI bhI prakAra se Asakti na kre| mAna aura bhogoM se virakta mukti patha kI ora agrasara ho|60 caturtha uddezaka "roga samuppAyA samuppajjaMti"61 arthAt32 roga utpatti kA pramukha kAraNa Asakti hai| Asakti se karma bandhana, karma bandhana se AdhyAtmika mRtyu, AdhyAtmika mRtyu se durgati aura durgati se duHkha utpanna hote haiN| Asakti saMtApa kA kAraNa hai| isase viveka buddhi para bhI AvaraNa par3atA hai| jisake kAraNa nIti-anIti, hita-ahita Adi kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| isa bhava paramparA se yukta caturtha uddezaka meM zubha aura azubha karmoM ke pariNAmoM kA kathana bhI karatA hai| vRttikAra ne sanata kumAra aura brahmadatta ke dRSTAnta diye haiN| sanat kumAra cakravartI ke dRSTAnta ke dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki ve aise mahApuruSa the jo vedanA ke upasthita hone para zAnta citta se upavedanA ko sahana karate haiN| dUsare brahmadatta ke dRSTAnta se yaha darzAyA gayA hai ki jo bhogoM meM Asakta rahatA hai vaha saptama naraka ke duHkha ko prApta hotA hai|63 jo rAga-dveSa, kaSAya Adi se dukhita AzA aura saMkalpoM se yukta banA rahatA hai vaha apane vAstavika svabhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai tathA nirantara mUr3ha banA huA dharma ko nahIM jAna pAtA hai jo AtmasvarUpa jJAna, darzana aura caritra meM zithila ho jAtA hai vaha pramAdayukta ho jAtA hai| vRttikAra ne pramAda ke pA~ca bheda ginAye haiM 1. madya, 2. viSaya, 3. kaSAya, 4. nidrA aura 5. vikthaa|64 ye pA~coM saMsAra samudra meM girAne vAle haiM5 bhoga kipAMka phala kI taraha manohara aura citta ko lubhAne vAle haiM isaliye samyak mArga ke icchuka muni/mumukSu AtmAnuzAsana kI ora. agrasara hoN| paJcama uddezaka- sukha-duHkha kI prApti aura usake parihAra ke uddezya se gRhastha apane nimitta putra, putrI bahu-kuTumbI, jAti-jana, dhAI, dAsa-dAsI, naukara-cAkara Adi ke liye vividha prakAra ke zasroM dvArA (upArjana ke kAraNoM dvArA) AhAra Adi banAte haiM, unakA saMgraha karate haiN|66 saMyamI jIvana ke liye chaH prakAra ke kAraNoM se AhAra ko grahaNa karate haiM-1. kSudhA vedanIya kI zAnti ke liye| 2. AcArya Adi. kI sevA ke liye| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 67 For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. vihAra karane ke liye / 4. saMyama kI rakSA karane ke liye / 5. prANoM kI rakSA karane / ke liye / 6. svAdhyAya tathA dharma sAdhanA ke liye| __isI krama meM sAdhucaryA ke viSaya meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unhoMne bhikSAvRtti meM lagane vAle doSoM ko bhI darzAyA hai| isase bacane ke nimna kAraNa haiM kAlajJa, balajJa, mAtrajJa, kSetrajJa, dANajJa, vinayajJa, sva-samaya, parasamayajJa, bhAvajJa, parigraha mamatvahIna, kAlAnujJa aura apratijJa / 67 SaSTha uddezaka ___"sAdhayati sva para kAryANIti sAdhuH arthAt jo sva aura para ke sAdhana kA kArya karatA hai vaha sAdhu hai| sAdhu ko cAhie ki ve mamatA kA pUrNatA parityAga karake hI vicaraNa kare kyoMki mamatva parigraha hai| parigraha dravya aura bhAva rUpa hai, brahma aura Abhyantara rUpa bhI hai, jisase pApa karma hote haiN|68 Agama evaM siddhAnta grantha meM 18 pApa sthAna ginAye gaye haiM unakA tIna karaNa aura tIna yoga se tyAga karanA sAdhu kA dharma hai|69 isa uddezaka meM mamatA aura mamatva buddhi ke tyAga karane kA pramukha upadeza diyA gayA hai jaba vyakti apane nija svabhAva ko bhUla kara parasvabhAva meM mamatva rakhatA hai taba AtmasvarUpa ko bhUla jAtA hai vaha Asakti se yukta ho jAtA hai / zArIrika aura mAnasika duzcakra meM pha~sa jAtA hai| isaliye hI prajJAzIla puruSa mamatva buddhi ko tyAgakara mukti-patha kI ora agrasara hotA hai| tRtIya adhyayana : zItoSNIya dvitIya adhyayana taka SaTkAya jIva kI rakSA kA vivecana thaa| tRtIya adhyayana meM mumukSu ke parama tatva kI sAdhanA kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| mumukSu do prakAra ke upakrama ko karatA hai, vaha apane mArga meM anukUla evaM pratikUla Aye hue saMyogoM se lar3atA hai| zItoSNIya nAmaka isa adhyayana me-1. bhAvazIla aura 2. bhAva uSNa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| parISaha, pramAda, upazama, virati aura sAtAvedanIyajanya sukha bhAva zIta hai| tapa meM udyama, kaSAya, zoka, veda, arati aura duHkha-ye bhAva uSNa parISaha haiN|7deg mUlata: 22 parISaha siddhAnta granthoM evaM AgamoM meM pratipAdita kiye jAte haiN|71 strI parISaha aura sattAkAra parISaha bhAvamana ke anukUla hone ke kAraNa zIta parISaha haiM aura zeSa 20 parISaha mana ke pratikUla hone ke kAraNa uSNa parISaha haiN|72 zIta-parISaha bhAva-zIta meM gine jAte haiM aura uSNa-parISaha bhAva-uSNa meM gine jAte haiN| vRttikAra ne kahA ki jo rAga-dveSa, pApa Adi se zAnta haiM, ve zIta haiN| zIta, sukha kA gRha hai, AvAsa hai, saMyama kA kAraNa hai, abhaya ko pradAna karane vAlA hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 68 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zIla kI utpatti meM bhI yaha sahakArI hai|73 muni, amuni, rati, arati, bAhya evaM Abhyantara granthI saMyamazIla sAdhaka kI sAdhanA meM bAdhaka hai| isaliye prajJAvanta sAdhaka saMyama kI rakSA karane ke liye sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM se vimukta sadaiva jAgrata rahate haiN| zItoSNIya adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiN| vRttikAra ne saMkSipta meM pratyeka adhyayana kA sAra isa prakAra pratipAdita kiyA hai 1. prathama uddezaka-bhAva nidrA se susupta hai arthAt samyak vivekarahita asaMyata . 2. dvitIya uddezaka isameM kahA hai ki jo bhAva nidrA se yukta hote haiM ve duHkha kA anubhava karate haiM, kAmoM meM gRddha rahate haiM tathA nIca karma karate haiN| 3. tRtIya uddezaka-isameM kahA hai ki saMyamazIla sAdhaka kriyAoM se rahita jAgrata hote haiN| 4. caturtha uddezaka-isameM kahA hai ki saMyamI sAdhaka kaSAyoM kA vamana karate haiM aura pApa karmoM se dUra rahate haiN| isa taraha yaha adhyayana alaga-alaga viSayoM ko pratipAdita karane vAlA hai| prathama uddezaka - "suttA amuNI sayA muNiNe jAgaraMti"75 ___ arthAt soye hue amuni haiM aura jo jAgrata haiM ve muni haiN| amuni ajJAnatA kA dyotaka hai| muni jJAna kA samarthaka hai| isaliye vRttikAra ne amuni ko mithyAtva kI dRSTi vAlA evaM ajJAnatA se yukta kahA hai| ajJAna aura mithyAtva ke kAraNa mahAnidrA ko prApta hotA hai isaliye amuni soyA huA hai| hita aura ahita kA vicAra karane vAlA, sadaiva jAgrata dharmamArga para rata samyaktva kI prApti meM lIna, kSINa kaSAya yukta muni haiN| vaha-"samaya logasya jANittA arthAt saMsAra ke samaya ko (AcAra-vicAra ko) jAnakara sadaiva jAgrata rahatA hai, kyoMki samaya AtmA hai, samaya jJAna hai, samaya ratnamaya hai, samabhAva hai, samaya samatA hai, samaya AcAra hai isaliye samaya ko jAnakara aSTa karmoM kI samasta prakRtiyoM aura unake mUla kAraNoM ko kSaya karatA hai| isa prakAra isa uddezaka meM vRttikAra ne saMsAra ke mUla bIja rAga aura dveSa evaM unase utpanna hone vAle kAraNoM se rahita parizramazIla, medhAvI evaM saMyamI bhI jAgrata batalAyA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya uddezaka isa uddezaka meM bhAva nidrA kA azAntimaya vipAka aura bhAva jAgaraNa ke liye Avazyaka tyAga mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| jAti aura vRddhi saMsAra ke kAraNa haiN| jAti kA nAma prasUti hai aura bAla, kumAra, yauvana, vRddhAvasthA kA avasAna vRddhi hai| jAti aura vRddhi duHkha haiM, usase saMtapta janma, jarA aura maraNa se mukta nahIM ho pAtA hai| janma aura maraNa karma ke kAraNa haiN| yaha samajhakara Adhi-vyAdhi aura upAdhi se mukta AtmasvarUpa meM sthita hove| vaha niSkarmadarzI, sarvadarzI aura sarvajJAnI kI zaraNa meM jaave|78 ___ "mehAvI savvaM pAvaM kammaM jhosii|"79 arthAt medhAvI/tatvadarzI samasta saMsAra rUpI aTavI meM paribhramaNa karane ke kAraNoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| vaha yaha jAnate haiM ki saMsArarUpI vRkSa kaSAyoM se siMcita hokara harA-bharA rahatA hai| yadi saMsAra rUpI vRkSa ko sukhAne kI bhAvanA hai to ina kaSAyoM kA nAza karanA pdd'egaa| cAra kaSAyoM meM krodha aura mAna dveSamUlaka haiM aura mAyA evaM lobha rAgamUlaka haiN| yahA~ krodha kA kAraNa mAna batalAyA gayA hai| mAna ke kAraNa hI jIva ko krodha AtA hai| krodha ke mUla meM ahaMkAra chipA hai isaliye dveSamUlaka kaSAyoM kA kSaya karanA caahie| rAgamUlaka kaSAya meM lobha pradhAna hai| lobha aniSTa kA sUcaka hai| lobha ke kAraNa sAtavIM naraka bhUmi ko prApta honA par3atA hai kahA hai "macchA maNuA yaM sattami paDhavI"81 arthAt jIva manuSya aura matsa lobha ke abhibhUta hokara sAtavIM pRthvI ko prApta hote haiN| jo mokSArthI haiM ve mokSa ke kAraNaM bhUta mArga meM pravRtta hote haiN|82 tRtIya uddezaka isa uddezaka meM tyAga ke rahasya ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| niSkriyatA mAtra tyAga nahIM hai tyAga kA artha hai-sat kriyAoM se sadA jAgRta rhnaa| isaliye jJAnI puruSa tyAga mArga aGgIkAra karake satata sAvadhAna rahatA hai| vaha socatA hai ki jaisA svayaM ko sukha priya hai, vaisA anya ko bhI priya hai| isa prakAra ke saMbhAva se pApa nahIM hotA hai| bhUmi meM do prakAra kI saMdhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai1. dravya sandhi aura 2. bhAva sandhi / dravya sandhi bhitti meM chidra kI taraha hai aura bhAva sandhi darzana, mohanIya ke kSayopazama aura anya karmoM ke upazAnta evaM samyaktva kI prApti hone para hotI hai| vRttikAra ne sandhi' kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai tathA yaha samajhAyA hai ki muni dharma 70 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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zuddha pariNAmoM para AdhArita hotA hai|86 jahA~ samabhAva hai vahA~ tyAga hai aura vahI, munidharma hai| muni samaya kA (AgamoM kA, zAsroM kA ) paryAlocana karatA hai| AtmA kI prasannatA ke liye manonigraha evaM Atma gupta" banane kA prayatna karatA hai vaha gati aura agati ko jAnakara rAga-dveSa ko dUra karatA hai| usakA samasta prayatna dharma dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna para AdhArita hotA hai vaha apanI hI zakti ko kendrita karake socatA hai __ "tumameva tumaM mitte ki bahiyAM mittamicchasi?" .... arthAt "tU svayaM hI terA mitra hai, bAhara ke mitra kI icchA kyoM karatA hai" ? AtmA hI apanA mitra hai| AtmA kI pariNati jaba duSpavRtti kI ora agrasara hotI hai usa samaya vaha svayaM kI amitra bana jAtI hai tathA zubha evaM zuddha pariNati ke kAraNa apanA mitra bana jAtI hai 9 isa prakAra kI samabhAva kI dRSTi muni kI hotI hai| samabhAva yukta muni karma ke vicitra pariNAmoM ko sahana karatA hai, usake phala ko bhogatA hai| usase dukhita nahIM hotA hai, vaha jJAna sahita Atma hita kI ora agrasara hotA hai| kartavya aura akartavya kI sandhi ko jAnatA hai evaM sadaiva prayatnazIla samadRSTi banA huA mokSa sAdhanA meM rata rahatA hai| caturtha uddezaka- caturtha uddezaka kaSAya tyAga kI vizeSatA ko batalAne vAlA hai| sUtrakAra ne krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-ina' cAra kaSAyoM se karmAsrava hone kI bAta kahI haideg karmAsrava ke kAraNa samabhAva para kendrita nahIM raha pAtA hai| vRttikAra ne kaSAyoM kI tIvratA kA udAharaNa ikSu puSpa ke samAna niSphala batalAyA hai| "je egaM jANai se savvaM jaanni| je savvaM jANai se egaM jaanni||" arthAt "jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha saba ko jAnatA hai aura jo saba ko jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai / " vRttikAra ne isa sUtra para do prakAra kI dRSTi prastuta kI hai| eka sAmAnya padArtha se sambandhita hai aura dUsarI sarvajJa se sambandhita hai| jo atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna paryAya ko jAnatA hai vaha saMsAra se pare, janma-mRtyu se rahita samasta vastu kA jJAyaka sarvajJa hai| sarvajJa AtmajJa hote haiN| AtmA ko jAnate haiM aura loka-loka ke padArtha usa jJAna svabhAvI AtmA meM pratibimbita hote haiN| ve samasta padArthoM aura unakI samasta paryAyoM ke jJAtA hote haiN| sarvajJatA Atma-sAkSAtkAra karane se hotI hai| ve hI mahAyAna meM baiThate haiM tathA ve hI kohodaMzI mAnadaMzI ityAdi aneka pravRttiyoM ko jAnane vAle hote haiN| Atmazuddhi kI parAkASThA se sarvajJatA prApta hotI hai| inhIM bhAvoM se paripUrNa yaha uddezaka kaSAya zamana, sarvajJatA, zraddhA aura vItarAgatA ko batalAtA hai|92 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha adhyayana : samyaktva ___ samyaktva kA artha hai-saccA jJAna, saccI zraddhA aura saccA AcaraNa / samyaktva jJAna, darzana aura caritra-ina tIna ratna svarUpa hai| samyaktva AtmA kA svAbhAvika dharma hai| yaha AtmA meM vizeSa zuddhi ke kAraNa prApta hotA hai| isake tIna bheda kahe gaye haiM-1. aupazamika samyaktva, 2. kSAyopazamika samyaktva aura 3. kSAyika smyktv| vRttikAra ne naya vivakSA evaM nikSepa vivakSA ke AdhAra para samyaktva ke nimna bheda kiye haiM 1. nAma samyaktva, 2. sthApanA samyaktva, 3. dravya samyaktva aura *4. bhAva smyktv| ukta bhedoM ke bhI bheda-prabheda ginAye haiN| . vRttikAra ne samyaktva nirUpaNa meM samyagdarzana ko mUla AdhAra banAyA hai| ise muktipatha kA prathama sopAna kahA hai| jaba taka samyaktva nahIM hotA hai taba taka samasta jJAna evaM samasta cAritra mithyA arthAt nirarthaka hotA hai| tatvArtha zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai, tatva sarvajJa praNIta hai| ahiMsA kI mUla pravRtti samyaktva kI nIMva para AdhArita hai, isI dRSTi ko pratipAdita karane vAlA samyaktva adhyayana ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA para prakAza DAlatA hai| samyagdarzana kI utkRSTatA kA bodha karAtA hai| jJAna kI anupama nidhi kA AsvAda karAtA hai tathA Atmazuddhi kA prabala patha cAritra kA digdarzana karAtA hai| yaha cAra uddezakoM meM vibhAjita haiN| prathama uddezaka isa uddezaka meM prANImAtra ke prati samabhAva rakhane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| sUtrakAra ne sabhI prANoM, sabhI bhUtoM,sabhI jIvoM evaM sabhI tatvoM ko zArIrika evaM mAnasika kaSTa ucita nahIM hai / 93- yaha upadeza janasamUha, anupasthita janasamUha, munisaMgha, gRhastha, rAgI tyAgI, bhogI, yogI Adi ke liye samAna rUpa se diyA gayA hai / ve dharma ko smjheN| samyaktva ko grahaNa kreN| pramAdI na baneM / eka dUsare kI dekhA-sIkhI na kreN| aMdhAnukaraNa4 kI pravRtti logoM meM ahitakArI hai| vRttikAra ne bhImasena, bhIma, satyabhAmA aura bhAmA jaise puruSoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| lokaiSaNA buddhi mumukSu meM nahIM hotI hai| unameM sAvadha Arambha kI pravRtti nivAsa nahIM kara sakatI kyoMki ve samyaktva ke mArga para agrasara parISahoM aura upasargoM ko bhI dhairyapUrvaka sahana karate haiM tathA viveka dRSTi se sAdhanA mArga meM udyamazIla bane rahate haiN| 72 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvitIya uddezaka isa uddezaka meM mithyAtvavAda-mithyA matoM kA khaNDana hai| samyaktvavAda kA pratipAdana hai| samyaktva arthAt samyaka-darzana kA mUla pratipAdaka adhyayana samyavAda ke vicAra se mokSa, mokSa taka ke kAraNa, saMsAra, saMsAra ke kAraNoM Adi para vicAra ko prastuta karatA hai|95 sUtrakAra ke sUtra para apanA mantavya dete hue vRttikAra ne Asrava Adi kI vyAkhyA kI hai|96 isa vyAkhyA meM naya vivakSA/Asrava ke bhaGgoM ke AdhAra para cAra bheda isa prakAra kiye haiM 1. jo Asrava haiM ve parisrava haiM, 2. jo Asrava haiM va aparisrava haiM. 3. jo anAsrava haiM ve parisrava haiM, 4. jo anAsrava haiM ve aparisrava haiN| cAra bhaGga ke pazcAt karma ke pA~ca kAraNa bhI ginAye haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yog|8 inakA bhaMga vivakSA se nirUpaNa kiyA ho|9 Asrava, saMvara aura nirjarA kA svarUpa. usase hone vAlI karma, karma kI pravRtti Adi kA kathana bhI isameM hai| indriyoM ke anukUla karma rUpI moha meM DUbe hue vyakti aise karma karate haiM ki ve saMsAra se mukta na hokara saMsAra meM hI paribhramaNa karate rahate haiN| AzA se ba~dhe hue janma-maraNa karate haiN| punaH bandha ko prApta hote haiM, isa taraha bhava paramparA kA kahIM bhI anta nahIM hotA hai| sAdhaka sAdhanA mArga meM rata hokara jJAna mArga para calatA hai tathA sarvajJa prANI dharma ke sAra ko samajha kara samyaktva mArga para agrasara hotA hai| samasta pApAnubandha ko dukhakArI mAnatA huA unase mukta hone ke liye prayatnazIla banA rahatA hai| vRttikAra ne duHkha, duHkha ke kAraNa, dharma bhAvanA Adi kI vistAra se carcA kI hai| zramaNa saMsAra samudra meM Ubate hue prANiyoM ko sahArA dene vAle dvIpa hai| prANasvarUpa haiM, zaraNa dene vAle haiM evaM jagata ke carAcara prANiyoM ke liye maGgalamaya kAmanA karane vAle haiN| tRtIya uddezaka- . isa uddezaka meM tapazcaraNa kI pradhAnatA kA varNana hai, kyoMki tapazcaraNa Atmazuddhi kA sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai| samatvadarzI, samyaktvadarzI yA samattadarzI apanI prajJA se karma bandha aura unakI mUla pravRttiyoM Adi kA kSaya kara detA hai| vRttikAra ne inhIM karma pravRttiyoM se utpanna hone vAle kAraNoM para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| upayoga arthAt yatnapUrvaka kriyAoM ko karane ke liye pApa bandha nahIM hotA hai| jo yatnapUrvaka calatA hai, yatnapUrvaka baiThatA hai, yatnapUrvaka khAtA hai aura yatnapUrvaka hI bolatA hai usakA jitanA bhI. samAraMbha hotA hai vaha yatnapUrvaka hotA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 73 For Personal & Private Use Only

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tapa kI AcaraNIyatA ke viSaya meM kahA hai, jisa prakAra jIrNa bane hue kaSToM ko agni zIghra hI jalA detI hai, usI taraha jisa tapa ke dvArA apane Apa ko jIrNa kara liyA hai vaha zIghra hI sabhI karmoM ko jalA DAlatA haideg Atma samAhita AtmA ko kasatA hai, AtmA ko jIrNa karatA hai|01 vaha jJAna, darzana, cAritra ke upayoga se rAga kI aura dveSa kI nivRtti karatA hai / 102 samyak AcaraNa meM sthita sAdhu karmoM ko naSTa kara detA hai / 103 isa taraha tapazcaryA icchAoM kA nirodha karatI hai / 104 tatvArtha-sUtra meM icchAoM kA rokanA tapa kahA gayA hai| Agama evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM sarvatra yahI kathana kiyA jAtA hai| icchAe~ vAsanAoM ko utpanna karatI haiM, isaliye saMyama meM apramattA, anAsakti aura AtmaniSThA rakhate hue icchAoM kA nirodha karanA caahie| rAga nivRtti aura dveSa nivRtti viveka buddhi ko jAgrata karane vAlI hai| vaha krodha ke mUla meM jalane vAle manuSya ke duHkhoM kA anta karane vAlI hai| saMsAra meM pratyeka padArtha viveka buddhi para AdhArita hotA hai| sAdhaka krodha kA nirodha karane, pApa karmoM se nivRtti hone evaM kaSAyoM se chUTane ke liye sabhI taraha kI icchAoM kA upazamana karatA hai| pApa karmoM se rahita nidAna rahita sAdhaka parama sukha ko prApta / karate haiM / 105 isa taraha tatvadarzI saMyama sAdhanA ko bhI sarvopari mAnatA hai| samyaktva usakA pramukha dhyeya hotA hai| caturtha uddezaka isa uddezaka meM saMyama kI sthiratA ke liye tapa kI pradhAnatA ko anivArya mAnA hai| isa saMsAra ko pUrva saMyogoM meM mukta karake zarIra kA kiMcit damana kreN| phira vizeSa damana kreN| tadanantara pUrNa rUpa se zarIra kA damana kreN| karmoM ke damana karane ke liye zAnta citta sAdhaka apane svarUpa meM vicaraNa karatA hai / pA~ca samiti se yukta sadguNa kA AcaraNa karatA hai / sUtrakAra ne sAdhaka ke isa mArga ko atyanta kaThina batalAyA hai / 106 isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki sAdhanA kA patha sarala nahIM hai| agni meM jala maranA, parvata se kUda par3anA aura samudra meM DUbanA sarala hai, parantu citta vRttiyoM para pUrA niyaMtraNa rakhanA atyanta kaThina hai| parantu sAdhaka AtmasvarUpa meM sthita hokara unheM harA dete haiN| brahmacarya AtmasvarUpa kI abhivyakti ke liye anivArya evaM parama Avazyaka hai / "brahma" kA artha Izvara yA AtmA bhI hai / "brahmaNi caryate anena iti brahmacaryam" isa vyutpatti ke anusAra AtmA meM-paramAtmA meM jisake dvArA ramaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha brahmacarya hai / jaina AgamoM meM isakI vistRta vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM sabhI tapoM meM brahmacarya ko parama tapa mAnA haiN| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra meM brahmacarya ko uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaktva tathA vinaya kA mUla batalAyA hai / 108 brahmacarya kA anuSThAna karane se antarakaraNa prazasta, gaMbhIra aura sthira ho jAtA hai / zramaNa brahmacarya kA AcaraNa karate haiM, kyoMki vaha 74 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ve hI sacce parAkramI haiM, jo samyak pravRtti se calate haiM, sadguNoM se yukta hote haiM, sadaiva prayatnazIla bane rahate haiM tathA jinakA kalyANa kI ora hI lakSya banA rahatA hai| tatvadarzI kI koI upAdhi nahIM hotI hai| ve tapazcaraNa pUrva pUrva-karmoM ke kSaya karane ke liye Atmazuddhi para hI dhyAna dete haiN| paJcama adhyayana : lokasAra nAma vRttikAra kI mUla bhAvanA loka ke sAra ko kathana karanA hai| loka kA nAma saMsAra hai| loka aura sAra arthAt ina do zabdoM ke samAsIkaraNa se loka aura loka ke sAra kA uddezya dikhalAyA hai| loka jIva, pudagala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla-ina cha: dravyoM ke samudAya kA nAma hai| loka caturdaza rajju pramANa meM hai| isameM naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva aura siddha gati kA antarabhAva hai / 109 sAra dravya-sAra aura bhAva-sAra rUpa hai| nikSepa kI dRSTi se nAma, sthApanA Adi rUpa hai| loka kA sAra AgamoM meM dharma kahA hai, dharma kA sAra jJAna batalAyA hai, jJAna kA sAra saMyama hai aura saMyama kA sAra vinirvANa batalAyA gayA hai| ataeva vinirvANa ke liye saddharma kA pAlana Avazyaka hai / 110 vRttikAra ne lokasAra nAmaka paJcama adhyayana kI prArambhika bhUmikA meM hiMsaka ko ArambhI aura ahiMsaka ko anArambhI kahA hai| hiMsaka prANI ko viSayArambhaka bhI kahA hai, vaha sAvadha Arambha kI pravRtti se hotA hai| anArambhI viSayoM ke Arambha se mukta loka ke sAra ko jAnane vAlA hotA hai| unakI dRSTi meM loka kA sAra paramArtha hI rahatA hai| isaliye ve AtmAbhimukha hokara pravRtti karate haiN| jIvana ko dharmamaya banAne ke liye samyaktva kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| samyaktva meM bhI cAritra kI ujjvalatA ko samajhAte hue SaTkAya jIvoM ke prANoM kI rakSA ko sarvopari mAnate haiN| sUtrakAra ne tatvadarzI kI bhAvanA ko darzAte hue yaha kathana kiyA hai ki jo saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAnane vAlA hai vaha nipuNa hai| ve kabhI bhI mana, vacana, kAyA se saMsAra ke kAraNoM meM baddha nahIM hote haiM / 12 vRttikAra ne cAritra kI vizeSatA para prakAza DAlate hue nikSepa dRSTi se yaha kathana kiyA hai ki caryA, cAritra hai, usakA AcaraNa vastu tatva kA bodhaka hai| isaliye sAdhaka prazasta aura aprazasta donoM prakAra ke cAritra ko samajhe, phira mokSamArga ke pradhAna kAraNa kA cintana kreN| lokasAra adhyayana meM yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki jo samyak bhAva se yukta hai vaha dhIra buddhi vAlA hai| usake dvArA kI gaI samasta loka kI vyavasthA cAritra ko pramukhatA dene vAlI hai| cAritrazIla hai jo zIla 13 kA AkAMkSI hotA hai, vaha Agama ke anusAra pravRtti karatA hai| zIla ke 18 bheda saMyama kI bhUmikA ke liye Avazyaka batalAe haiM jo zIlavAna hotA hai, vaha mUla guNoM kI vRddhi karatA hai / 14 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 75 For Personal & Private Use Only

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lokasAra ke paJcama adhyayana meM chaH uddezaka haiN| pratyeka uddezaka Atma-sAdhanA meM rata jJAnI sAdhaka kI saMyamI bhAvanA ko vyakta karatA hai| usakA vihAra, usakA AcAra, usakA dhyAna aura usakA kRta karma kyA hai? isa para vRttikAra ne alaga-alaga dRSTi se kathana kiyA hai| prathama uddezaka jaba taka jIva asaMyata rahate haiM taba taka cha: kAya ke jIvoM kA samArambha karate haiM / 115 unameM se kitane hI manuSya prayojana ke liye yA binA prayojana ke hI ajJAnatAvaza unakA vadha karate haiM usase vividha karmoM ke phala ko bhogate haiM jo svayaM pIr3A pahu~cAtA hai vaha svayaM pIr3ita hotA hai| yadi vaha pRthvI kA samAraMbha karatA hai to use pRthvI kI paryAya meM janma lenA pdd'egaa| karma phala ke anusAra hI' karma kI gati apanA kArya karatI hai| avivekI, ajJAnI evaM paramArtha se anabhijJa vyakti kA jIvana asthira hotA hai| vaha yadi kUTa karmoM ko karatA hai to vaha mUr3ha hai, viparIta buddhi vAlA hai, moha se yukta hai, janma aura maraNa ke cakra meM pha~sA huA hai|116 jo saMyama ko jAnatA hai, vaha saMsArasvarUpa ko jAnatA hai| jisane saMzaya ko nahIM jAnA, vaha saMsAra ko nahIM jAna sakatA hai / 117 saMzaya do prakAra kA hai-artha saMzaya aura anartha saMzaya / 118 artha mokSa hai aura mokSa kA upAya bhI hai| mokSa meM saMzaya nahIM hai| paramapada ke pratipAdana ke kAraNa se upAya hone para saMzaya meM pravRtti avazya hotI hai| yadi vaha saMzaya se yukta hai to artha saMzaya hai| anartha saMzaya saMsAra kA kAraNa hai| yaha mithyAtva ko utpanna karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra vedanA se yukta saMsAra bhI hai|119 saMzaya tyAjya hai, AtmazAnti kA bAdhaka hai| "saMzayAtmAvinazyati" arthAt saMzaya se yukta AtmA vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| saMsAra mArga nahIM, saMsAra ghar3I yaMtra kI taraha calAyamAna hai isaliye prajJAvanta viSaya kaSAyoM se mukta hokara dharma ke mArga ko jAnane meM sadaiva prayatnazIla bane rahate haiN| dvitIya uddezaka sAdhaka pApa pravRtti se sarvaprathama nivRtta hotA hai, Arambha kA tyAga karatA hai isaliye use anArambhajIvI kahate haiM / 120 Arambha sAvadha anuSThAna se hotA hai, yaha pramAda kA kAraNa hai isaliye anArambhajIvI sabhI prakAra ke Arambha se rahita hokara apramatta rUpa meM kriyAoM ko karatA hai / 121 cAritra ke vikAsa ke liye, Arambha ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| dIkSA aGgIkAra karane para bhI Arambha ho sakatA hai, ghara meM rahate hue bhI putra, kalatra zarIra Adi kI pravRtti se nivRtta hone kA bhAva ho sakatA hai| isakA uttara vRttikAra ne sahaja rUpa se isa prakAra diyA hai-yadi sAdhu vastu ko lene meM, rakhane meM, sthAna para sthita rahane meM, gamana karane meM aura kisI bhI kriyA meM AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 76 For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai| isakA uttara vRttikAra ne sahaja rUpa se isa prakAra diyA hai-yadi sAdhu vastu ko lene meM, rakhane meM, sthAna para sthita rahane meM, gamana karane meM aura kisI bhI kriyA meM upayoga lagAte samaya pramAda karatA hai to vaha Arambha hai, use Arambha lagatA hai / 222 yadi vaha ina kriyAoM ko karate hue apramatta hai to use Arambha nahIM lagatA hai| Arambha upayoga athavA anupayoga para nirbhara karatA hai isaliye sAdhu pratyeka kriyA karate samaya upayoga yukta anArambha kriyAoM ko karatA hai|123 ___yaha mArga AryoM dvArA (tIrthaMkaroM dvArA) kahA gayA hai| saMyamI sAdhaka, caritrazIla muni chanda ko evaM duHkha Adi bAra-bAra sahana karatA hai| samatva arthAt samyak paryAya sabhI prakAra ke upasargoM, parISahoM evaM duHkha nivRtti ke pazcAt hI utpanna hotI hai| sAdhaka kisI bhI prakAra ke parigraha se jur3A nahIM hotA hai| usakA to kevala eka mAtra saMyama anuSThAna hI priya hotA hai|924 sarvajJa praNIta samyak mArga usake jIvana kA pramukha dhyeya hotA hai| tRtIya uddezaka __yaha uddezaka niSparigraha vRtti se sambandhita hai| sUtrakAra ne "apariggahAvaMtI 125 zabda se medhAvI sAdhaka ke liye sAdhaka kA dharma samatA dharma batalAyA hai / 126 samabhAva se yukta zramaNa sarvajJa dvArA kathita dharma kA anubhava karatA hai, phira socatA hai ki jo caMdana se bhujAoM para lepa karatA hai, jo karavata (karo yA kuThAra se) usakI bhujA ko chedatA hai, jo stuti karatA hai yA jo usakI nindA karatA hai una sabhI para maharSi puruSa samabhAva rakhate haiM / 127 samabhAva meM na koI zatru hotA hai aura na koI mitra hI hotA hai|128 cakravartI rAjA athavA tuccha se tuccha prANI samatA dharma ko prApta kara sakate haiN| samatA AtmA kA svabhAva hai| jisa prakAra sUrya aura candramA kI kiraNeM abheda rUpa se sarvatra giratI haiM vahA~ raMka aura rAva kA bheda nahIM rahatA hai| aisA samabhAva kA mArga unake jIvana kA parama dhyeya hotA hai / 129 vRttikAroM ne sAdhakoM kI yogyatA aura vikAsa kI taratamatA batalAne ke liye caturbhaMgI 30 dRSTi kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai 1: pUrvotthAyI no pazcAnnipAtI, 2. pUrvotthAyI pazcAnnipAtI, 3. no pUrvotthAyI pazcAnnipAtI, 4. noM pUrvotthAyI no pshcaannipaatii| - isa taraha isa uddezaka meM jahA~ aparigrahI banane kI bAta kahI gaI hai, vahIM vRttikAra ne naya pakSa ko AdhAra banAkara syAdavAda sambandhI vyavasthA ke AdhAra para samabhAva kI sArthakatA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| samasta prakAra kI vRttiyoM kA vijetA, AtmajayI aparigmahAvaMtI, ANAkaMravI (AjJAkAMkSI) supehA, (prekSAvaMta) niviNNacAri (anAraMbhI) vIrA, sammattadaMsI Adi nAmoM se yukta hote haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 77 For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha uddezaka paripakva jJAna se apUrNa, vaya se vRddha sAdhu eka grAma se dUsare grAma akelA vicaraNa karatA hai to vaha nindanIya hai, ayogya hai / 131 aparipakvatA do prakAra kI 1. zrutakRta aparipakvatA, 2. vayakRta aparipakvatA / jo sAdhu jJAna aura vaya meM aparipakva haiM usakI eka caryA niSedha hai jisane AcAra kalpoM kA adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai vaha sthira kalpI sAdhu zruta ke abhyAsI haiM / vRttikAra dvArA prastuta caturthaMgI 32 dRSTavya hai-- 1. zruta tathA vaya se avyakta, 2. zruta se avyakta, vayaM se vyakta, 3. zruta se vyakta, vaya se avyakta, 4. zruta se vyakta, vaya se vyakta / vRttikAra ne sarvajJa kI vANI ko sarvopari mAnakara ekala vihArI kA niSedha kiyA hai aura unheM gaccha meM rahane kA saMketa bhI kiyA hai| anyathA usa ekala vihArI ke liye nimna doSa lageMge133 - 1. SaTkAya jIvoM ke vadha kA bhAgI hogA, 2. strI, zvAna evaM anya virodhiyoM ke duHkha kA bhAgI hogA, 3. eSaNA samiti meM doSa utpanna kareMge, 4. mahAvrata bhI bhaGga ho sakate haiM 1 ityAdi kucha mahattvapUrNa sAdhaka kI kriyAoM ke atirikta guru kI dRSTi, guru kI AjJA, guru kA upadeza Adi kA abhAva bhI ekala vihArI kI avasthA meM rahegA / svacchaMda vyakti ke kAraNa lAlasA aura vAsanA jaisI vikAra vRttiyA~ bhI utpanna hoMgI / bhogoM meM lipsA Adi bhI utpanna hogI / paJcama uddezaka isa uddezaka ke prArambha meM hI kahA thA ki AcArya gambhIra, pavitra, udAra evaM nija svarUpa kI dRSTi se bhare hue tAlAba kI taraha, samatala bhUmi kI taraha evaM svaccha srota kI taraha haiM / 134 sUtrakAra ne " soyamajsagae " vizeSaNa se AcArya ke jJAna bhaNDAra kI vipulatA kA paricaya karAyA hai, jo apane jIvana ke vikAsa meM lage hue haiM evaM jo zruta kI ArAdhanA kara vizeSa bala dete haiM, ve zraddhA, viveka, buddhi aura Agama dRSTi vAle haiN| naya vyavasthA meM bhI zruta kI pradhAnatA ko darzAyA hai kyoMki AcArya zruta ke ArAdhaka hote haiM, ve samyaktva kI ArAdhanA karate haiM / ve sacce haiM, niHzaMka haiM136 tatvoM kI yathArthatA kA bodha karAne vAle haiM evaM zaMkA, vicikitsA Adi se rahita haiN| zraddhA antaHkaraNa kA viSaya hai, zraddhA kA sthAna samanujJa hai arthAt priya, ucca hai| zraddhA se sambandhita cAra bhAga isa prakAra haiM138 135 137 78 AcArAGga - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. prathama zraddhAlu aura pIche bhI zraddhAlu, 2. prathama zraddhAlu aura pIche azraddhAlu, 3. prathama azraddhAlu aura pIche zraddhAlu, 4. prathama azraddhAlu aura pIche bhI azraddhAlu / zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA Adi ke parityAga se samyak darzana utpanna hotA hai| sUtrakAra ne kahA hai jo AtmA hai vahI, vijJAtA hai jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| jisake dvArA vastu kA svarUpa jAnA jAtA hai vahI, jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai usa jJAna ke Azrita hI AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai / 139 isaliye AtmA jJAna hai aura jJAna AtmA hai / 40 AtmA ko chor3a kara jJAna anyatra nahIM raha sakatA hai| SaSTha uddezaka sUtrakAra ne AcArya ko AjJAnuvartI kahA hai| 41 ve tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura AcAryoM ke upadeza ko dRSTi meM rakhakara sAdhanA meM lIna rahate haiN| ve dharma AcaraNa pUrvaka sanmArga para gamana karate haiM / 142 isaliye unakI AjJA evaM ArAdhanA ucita hai| yadi aisA nahIM hai to ve gurukula meM nivAsa karate hue bhI jina AjJA kA anusaraNa nahIM kara pAte haiN| jagata meM aneka pravAda haiM143 isaliye pravAda ko pravAda se jAnanA caahie| kahA hai ki merA na to vIra jinezvara meM rAga hai na kapila Adi anya dArzanikoM se dveSa hai; kintu jinake yuktisaMgata vacana haiM, unako grahaNa karanA caahie|144 isameM vividha pravAda/matoM kA vivecana hai| SaSTha adhyayana : dhuta yaha dhuta/dhUta adhyayana ke nAma se prasiddha hai| dhuta kA artha dhuna DAlanA 45 yA dho DAlanA hai| jisa prakAra vastra kI malinatA ko dUra karane ke lie use dhoyA jAtA hai usI taraha AtmA kI malina vRtti kA parizodhana karane ke liye samasta karmoM ko dho diyA jAtA hai146 / dhuta ke vRttikAra ne do bheda kiye haiM 1. dravya dhuta aura 2. bhAva dhuta / 147 dravya dhuta ke bhI do bheda kiye haiM1. Agama dhuta aura 2. noAgama dhuta / bhAva dhuta ke ATha bheda kiye haiN| unake nAmoM kA saMketa nahIM kiyA hai parantu cAra ghAtikarma aura cAra aghAtikarma athavA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya (ghAtikarma) tathA Ayu, nAma, gotra aura vedanIya (aghAtikarma) ke rUpa meM haiN| isa prakAra kula ATha karma samasta AgamoM aura siddhAnta granthoM meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM / 148 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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prathama uddezaka "obujjhamANe iha mANavesu, AdhAra se re" / 149 arthAt isa saMsAra meM vahI, nara hai, jo manuSyoM ke bIca bodhipUrvaka AkhyAna karatA hai / samupasthita, nikSipta daNDa, samAdhiyukta, prajJAvanta puruSa ke lie hI isa saMsAra meM mukti mArga hai / ve hI puruSa mukti-mArga kA upadeza dete haiM jo mahAparAkramI hote haiM / pAtra ko upadeza denA hitakara hotA hai, apAtra ko upadeza denA ahitakara hotA hai / isalie samAdhiyukta zramaNa muktimArga kA kathana karate haiM, duHkha se chUTane kA upAya batalAte haiN| jaise kachuA 150 apanI indriyoM ko gopana karake prANoM kI rakSA karatA hai, usI taraha sAdhanA mArga meM pravRtta sAdhaka duSkarmoM kA parityAga karake sAdhanA mArga meM rata rahate haiM / vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki jIva ke duSkarmoM ke kAraNa hI jIva ke zarIra meM nimna mahAroga utpanna hote haiM151- 1. gaNDamAtA (kaMThI roga, kaiMsara jaisA mahAroga), 2. kor3I, 3. rAjaMsI (damA), 4. apasmAra (mUrcchA, mRgI roga), 5. netraroga, 6. zarIra kI jar3atA, 7. lUlA-la~gar3A, 8. kubja; 9. udara roga, 10. mUkapana, 11. sojana zotha, 12. bhasmaka roga, 13. kampana, 14. pITha jhuka jAnA, 15. zlIpada (hAthIpA~va) aura 16. madhumeha (prameha ) / uparyukta solaha rogoM ke atirikta ananta roga, ananta vyAdhiyA~, zUla Adi pIr3A zastra Adi ke ghAva, gira par3ane se utpanna hone vAle ghAva Adi se grasita jIva vibhinna kaSToM aura yAtanAoM kA anubhava karate haiM / 152 karma kI vicitratA kahIM bhI kisI bhI jagaha vyakti ko nahIM chor3atI hai| jIva cAra gati evaM caurAsI lAkha. yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa karatA hai aura vividha duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai| saMsAra meM cAroM gatiyoM ke paribhramaNa ke kAraNa se jIva kahA~-kahA~ nahIM jAtA hai| naraka kI asahanIya pIr3A ko bhI use bhoganA par3atA hai / tiryaMca gati meM bhUkha, pyAsa, zIta, tApa, parataMtratA, bhaya Adi kI pIr3A ko bhoganA par3atA hai / isa taraha kI ananta pIr3AoM ko bhogatA huA yaha jIva, prANI mAtra kA bhakSaka ho jAtA hai| saMsAra ke samasta paryAvaraNa ko dUSita vAtAvaraNa meM badala detA hai| isaliye mahAprajJAvanta isa taraha kI pravRtti karate haiM / ve jIvana zuddhi se paryAvaraNa kI rakSA karate haiM evaM prANI mAtra ke liye abhaya pradAna karate haiM ve ahiMsaka mArga ko apanAte haiM / dvitIya uddezaka brahmacarya meM pravRtti, kuzIla mArga se virakti, pariSahoM ko sahana karane kI kSamatA, snehIjanoM ke pUrva saMyogoM ko chor3ane kI pravRtti Adi se sAdhaka kA sAdhanA mArga prabala hotA hai / 153 jinhoMne saMnyAsa mArga ko dhAraNa kara liyA hai AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sabhI prakAra se muNDita hokara vicaraNa karatA hai| vaha acelaka saMyamita tathA sabhI taraha kI icchAoM se virata hita-ahita kA vicAra bhI karatA hai / 155 muNDita kA artha kevala muNDana nahIM hai, apitu prayatnazIla honA bhI hai| vaha cAra prakAra kI bhAvanA ko bhAtA hai 1. ekAnta bhAvanA, 2. upayogamaya jIvana kI bhAvanA, 3. vairAgya bhAvanA aura 4. acelktaa| ye cAra racanAtmaka upAya sAdhaka ko sAdhanA meM sthira karane vAle haiN| sAdhaka kI sahiSNutA isI se hai / 156 jisa mArga meM zuddha eSaNA hai, saMyama kI dRr3hatA hai tathA mana, vacana aura vyavahAra vItarAga dharma kI ora pramukha hai vaha zreSThatama mArga hai| usane jisa mArga ko aGgIkAra kiyA hai, vaha mArga saMkalpa-vikalpoM se rahita hai| isameM kisI bhI taraha se chala nahIM hai| tRtIya uddezaka sAdhaka zArIrika tapazcaryA Adhyatmika unnati ke lie karatA hai| jo acelaka haiM ve sabhI taraha ke celakatA se dUra rahate haiM, ve vastu ke viSaya meM kisI bhI taraha kA vicAra nahIM karate haiM / 157 acelakatA kI avasthA meM kisI bhI taraha kI bAhya upAdhi nahIM rahatI hai| kevala samabhAva yA samyaktva bhAva yA samatva bhAva hI rahatA hai| samatvadarzI bhikSaNa ke samaya meM yA kisI bhI samaya meM Atma vizuddhi ko nahIM chor3ate haiM, ve anya jIvoM kI nindA bhI nahIM karate haiN| cAhe ve eka vastra vAle ho yA do vastra vAle athavA tIna yA tIna se adhika vAle hoM, ve sadaiva eka dUsare kI nindA se rahita tIrthaMkara ke upadezapUrvaka hI vicaraNa karate haiM / 58 parISahoM aura saMkaToM ke kAraNa kaI sAdhakoM ko saMyama meM arati (glAni) utpanna ho jAtI hai| karma praNati kI bhI yaha vicitratA hI kahI jAegI; kyoMki karma nizcita hI adhika ghane, cikane evaM vajra ke samAna bhArI haiM jo jJAnI puruSa ko bhI sanmArga se haTAkara unmArga para le jAte haiN| karma pariNati ati vicitra hai|59 lekina jo sAdhaka pApa se virata haiM, cirakAla se saMyama meM rata haiM aura jo nirantara zuddha adhyavasAya karate haiM, unheM arati utpanna nahIM hotI hai evaM saMyama meM glAni bhI nahIM hotI hai| .. sAdhaka dIpa kI taraha hai, prakAzayukta hai| dIpa kA artha dvIpa bhI hai| usake do bheda ginAye haiM-1. dravya dvIpa aura 2. bhAva dviip| jJAna dvIpa, bhAva dvIpa hai aura saMyama ke sAdhana meM bAhya tatva, dravya dvIpa hai| isI krama meM sUtrakAra ke ddhArA pratipAdita "dIva" zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue yaha kathana kiyA hai ki tIrthaMkara kathita dharma dvIpa tulya hai| jisa prakAra dvIpa samudra meM AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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naukA Adi ke TUTa jAne para prANiyoM ko zaraNa detA hai, usI taraha sAdhaka ko trANa aura zaraNa rUpa I caturtha uddezaka dhIra evaM medhAvI aisI kriyA kadApi nahIM karegA, jo viparIta ho / ve dharma ko jAnakara, dharma mArga para calate haiM / 160 ve AtmA kI ora agrasara hote haiM / 1 parantu indriya aura kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta sAdhaka duSTa saMkalpa ko nahIM chor3ate haiM, ve sadaiva anartha karate haiM / duSTa saMkalpoM se ghire hue Atmazakti ko naSTa karate haiM / ve pravrajjA lekara hita aura ahita ko bhUla jAte haiM jo aba taka siMha ke samAna the, ve gIdar3a ke samAna bana jAte haiM / unakA saMpUrNa vItarAgatA kA mArga Atmasiddhi se alaga, AtmaprazaMsA kI ora ho jAtA hai, ve hiMsA kA upadeza dene se dharma mAnate haiM, hiMsaka kI anumodanA karate haiN| unakA dharma zarIra kI rakSA karanA hai / ve zarIra kI rakSA karane meM hI apanA samaya vyatIta kara dete haiN| 161 ve sAdhaka nindanIya haiN| ataH isa rahasya ko samajhakara jJAnI puruSa, maryAdAzIla sAdhaka aura mokSamArga meM rata puruSArthI evaM parAkramI bane sarvajJa praNIta upadeza kA anukaraNa kreN| paMcama uddezaka prastuta uddezaka meM zramaNa caryA se sambandhita jAnakAriyA~ dI gaI haiM / sUtrakAra ne prArambhika sUtra meM kahA hai ki zramaNa gharoM ke samIpa gA~voM meM yA grAma ke samIpa, nagara meM yA nagara ke samIpa janapadoM meM yA janapadoM ke samIpa kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha dete haiM, unase sparza karavAte haiM162 yA kSubdha karate haiM to vaha sAdhaka kI sAdhanA mArga kA kArya nahIM hai| ve to kevala dRr3hatApUrvaka mArga meM Ane vAle upasargoM ko sahana karate haiN| samatva darzana se yukta zuddhatA ke guNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / unake Upara kabhI-kabhI hAsya, pradveSa, vimarza aura kuzIla ke kAraNoM se upasarga Ate haiN| kabhI deva sambandhI, kabhI manuSya sambandhI evaM kabhI tiryaMca sambandhI upasarga Ate haiM / 163 ve dhIra, vIra sAdhaka samabhAvapUrvaka una upasargoM ko sahana karate haiM / sAdhaka kisI kA ahita nahIM karate haiM, ve vivekapUrvaka calate haiM, vivekapUrvaka AhAra Adi kI pravRtti karate haiM / ve vIra guNoM se yukta, azubha kriyAoM se nivRtta aura sat kriyAoM meM pravRtta hote haiM / ve Alasya aura jar3atA se dUra rahate haiM / ve kaSAya ke upazamana meM prayatnazIla rahate haiN| usake sAmane vizva kA samasta vAtAvaraNa bhayAnaka rUpa ko liye hue upasthita rahatA hai / phira bhI ve usase vicalita nahIM hote haiM / ve jIvanaparyanta vividha prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahana karate haiM / ve bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapa meM pravRtta hote haiM / 164 isa prakAra SaSTha adhyayana ke paJcama uddezaka meM sAdhaka kI Atmika vIratA kA paricaya diyA gayA 82 hai I AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM pravRtta hote haiM / 164 isa prakAra SaSTha adhyayana ke paJcama uddezaka meM sAdhaka kI Atmika vIratA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| saptama adhyayana : mahAparijJA mahAparijJA nAmaka adhyayana upalabdha nahIM hai| isake viSaya meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yaha mahAparijJA kA bodhaka thaa| isameM aneka camatkArI vidyAoM kA ullekha thaa|165 isalie isa adhyayana se saMbaMdhita viSaya-vastu nahIM dI jA rahI hai| mahAparijJA kA artha hai-viziSTa jJAna / 66 samyak jJAna evaM mahAprajJoM kA anupama sAra nizcata rUpa meM prazaMsanIya rahA hogaa| hamArA yaha durbhAgya hai ki aisA amUlya adhyayana kAla ke karAla gAla meM calA gayA hai| aSTama adhyayana : vimokSa .. vimokSa kA artha parityAga hai| niyuktikAra ne vimokSa kA pratipAdana karate hue kathana kiyA hai ki "jIva kA karma dravyoM ke sAtha jo sahayoga hotA hai vaha bandha hai, isa bandha se chUTa jAnA mokSa hai| arthAt bandhana se chUTane kA nAma mokSa hai| isalie kahA gayA hai ki mokSa bandhapUrvaka hotA hai| jisakA bandhana nahIM hotA hai usako mokSa kaise ho sakatA hai? jo bandhatA hai vahI chUTatA hai| ataeva mokSa kA svarUpa batalAne se pahale bandha kA kathana kiyA hai| bandha ke kSaya ko vimokSa kahate haiN|167 vimokSa mRtyu nahIM, mRtyu vijaya kA mahotsava hai parantu karma-vimuktA kA nAma vimokSa hai| jo antarAtmA kI vizuddhatA kA paricAyaka hai|68 / __ vRttikAra ne pRthak-pRthak uddezakoM kI apekSA se vimokSa ko vistRta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| isake prathama uddezaka meM parityAga kA vivecana hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM karma niyantraNa, vidhi aura niSedha hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM upakaraNa evaM zarIra Adi kA parityAga, caturtha meM Atmazakti, paJcama uddezaka meM bhakta parijJA, SaSTha uddezaka meM ekatva bhAvanA tathA iMgita maraNa kA bodha karAyA gayA hai| saptaka uddezaka meM bhikSu pratimA evaM aSTama uddezaka meM saMllekhanA samAdhi maraNa Adi kA vidhAna hai|69 vRttikAra ne nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva-ina cha: nikSepoM ke AdhAra para vimokSa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isI ke aMtargata dravya-vimokSa aura bhAvavimokSa, ina do vimokSaM ke bhedoM ke sAtha anya bheda bhI diye gaye haiN|70 prathama uddezaka samanojJa aura amanojJa arthAt sadAcArI evaM zithilAcArI do prakAra ke sAdhu hote haiN| zramaNa dharma kI vicAradhArA meM sadAcArI-aNagAra sAdhaka pUrNa tyAgI kahA jAtA hai| usakI sabhI prakAra kI vRttiyA~ zramaNAcAra para AdhArita hotI haiM, parantu yadi kisI taraha se sAdhaka kI sAdhanA meM zithilatA A jAtI hai yA kisI taraha kA doSa AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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lagatA hai to una doSoM ke nivAraNArtha prAyazcitta Adi kriyAoM ko karatA hai| vidhipUrvaka yaha bhI bodha karAyA jAtA hai ki jIvana meM jisa mArga ko grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha mArga AcAra gocara nahIM hai to vaha mArga samyak mArga nahIM kahA jA sakatA zramaNa kA saMpUrNa parAkrama dhyAna, adhyayana, adhyApana, zruta-adhyayana, parizIlana Adi ke AdhAra para hI hotA hai / 171 ve vrata viSaya se yukta vivekazIla prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda aura parigrahaNa72 ina tIna yAmoM se rahita jJAna, darzana, cAritra73 rUpa yAmoM meM sadaiva yukta rahate haiN| jo krodhAdi kaSAyoM aura pApa karmoM se nidAna rahita vicaraNa karate haiM tathA jo sadaiva sabhI dizAoM aura vidizAoM ke samAraMbha ko jAnakara daNDoM se rahita hote haiN|74 ve vimokSa mArga ke pathika haiN| ___ isa taraha yaha uddezaka sAdhaka ke liye yaha bodha karAtA hai ki sAdhanA ke mArga meM calate hue kisI bhI taraha se patita na ho, sabhAraMbha se yukta na ho| prANAtipAta mRSAvAda aura bAhya evaM AbhyaMtara parigraha se rahita sAdhaka jJAna kI utkRSTa bhUmikA paraM bar3hatA huA Atmazuddhi kI ora agrasara hotA hai| mUlataH yaha uddezaka tIna yAmoM kI jIvanacaryA kA pratipAdaka hai| dvitIya uddezaka sAdhaka AdhAkarma Adi ke sAmAnya evaM udgama doSoM se rahita kriyAoM ko karatA hai| vaha sabhI prakAra kI auddezika kriyAoM se rahita mUla guNa para dRSTi kendrita karake samiti pUrNa vicaraNa karatA hai|76 vaha kAla, deza, pAtra aura kalpa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zraddhA se yukta mana kI zuddhatApUrvaka diye gaye sAtvika AhAra Adi ko grahaNa karatA hai|177 gRhastha kalpa ke anusAra hI sAdhaka kI saMyama kI bhUmikA meM sahabhAgI hotA hai| isa taraha zramaNa ke zramaNAcAra ke anukUla pravRttiyoM kA ullekha karate hue unheM yaha saMketa diyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka pratyeka vastu ke grahaNa karane meM sAvadhAnI rkhe| dhyAna ko bar3hAne ke lie samyak zuddhipUrvaka vicaraNa kreN| yahI Atma gupta ke lie samanojJa kartavya hai| tRtIya uddezaka isa uddezaka ke prArambha meM samatA dharma8 kI vivecanA karate hue tyAga kI utkRSTatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| samatA yoga ke sAdhana pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM (1) dayA, (2) saMyama aura (3) tp| samatA yoga se sAdhaka kSetrajJa, kAlajJa, balajJa, mAtrajJa, kSaNajJa, vinayajJa aura aparigrahajJa kI vyAkhyA karate hue tyAga, saMyama, parizrama aura tapa kI vizeSatAoM para AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 84 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAza DAlA hai| saMyamazIla sAdhaka inheM jAnakara sAdhanA meM rata hotA hai| ve nAnA prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahana karate haiN| viSayoM se pare kiMcit bhI zIta ke samaya meM agni kI AkAMkSA nahIM karate haiN| zarIra ko tapta karane ke lie kisI bhI taraha ke sAdhanoM kI ora agrasara nahIM hote haiN| ve agni Adi ke sAdhanoM ko upasthita prakAra ke pariSahoM ko sahana karate haiN| viSayoM se pare kiMcit bhI zIta ke samaya meM agni kI AkAMkSA nahIM karate haiN| ve agni Adi ke sAdhanoM ko upasthita kiye jAne para to una sAdhanoM ke prati udAsIna rahate haiM tathA sadaiva hI pariSahoM ko sahana karate hue AtmA ko jAgrata karate haiN| caturtha uddezaka vRtti saMyama se sambandhita yaha uddezaka dRr3ha saMkalpoM kI ora agrasara hone kI zikSA detA hai| sAdhaka sAdhanA meM lIna vastra, pAtra Adi kI yAcanA nahIM karatA hai| sAdhaka apane kalpa ko hI AdhAra banAtA hai| sAdhaka ke lie kauna se pAtra iSTa haiM aura kauna se pAtra iSTa nahIM haiM? unakA vivecana vRtikAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai 1. pAtra, 2. pAtra baMdhana, 3. pAtra sthApana, 4. pAtra kI zarIkA (pujanI), 5. paTala, 6. rajastANa aura 7. gocchaka / ___ ye sAta pAtra niryoga haiN| sAdhaka ke liye sapta pAtra niryoga, tIna vastra, rajoharaNa aura mukha vastrikA isa prakAra ke bAraha aughaupAdhi anivArya haiM / 179 zIta Adi upadrava meM kAya-kleza tapa kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| 1. alpapratilekha, 2. vezvasika rUpa, 3. tapa kI prApti, 4. lAghavaprAzasta aura 5. vipula indriya nigraha 8deg sAdhaka kI vRtti saMyama meM ye zreyaskara haiN| ___ isa prakAra sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ke mArga se kiMcit bhI vicalita nahIM hotA hai| vaha upasarga Adi ko sahana karatA huA AtmA ke parama kalyANakArI tatva kI ora agrasara hotA hai| saMyama jIvana ke kAraNoM meM yadi kisI taraha kA bhI patana dikhAI detA hai to vaha dRr3ha saMkalpa maraNa kI zaraNa ko (samAdhimaraNa ko) grahaNa kara letA hai| paJcama uddezaka-.. pratijJA pAlana sAdhaka ke liye saMyama sAdhanA meM upayogI hai| sthavira kalpa yA jina kalpa se yukta sAdhaka parihAra vizuddhi cAritra vAle hote haiN| vRttikAra ne isI prasaMga meM zramaNa kI bAraha pratimAoM kA (pratijJAoM kA) vivecana kiyA hai|81 zramaNa kI bAraha pratimAe~ sAdhaka ko ucca bhUmikA para pahu~cA detI haiN| jisase sAdhaka pratijJApUrvaka sAdhanA ke mArga para calatA hai| pratijJA kA akhaMDa rUpa se pAlana karatA hai| pratijJA pAlana karane meM pIche nahIM haTatA hai vaha kramazaH Age bar3hatA hai| vaha bhakta AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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parijJA maraNa dvArA samAdhimaraNa kA AliMgana kara letA hai| use yahI hitakArI hai, zubhakArI hai, vimokSa kA kAraNa hai, janma-janmAMtara se pAra le jAne vAlA hai| SaSTha uddezaka - isameM sAdhaka kI mRtyuMjayI para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAdhaka arhat nirUpita mArga ko samajhakara samabhAva kA AcaraNa karatA hai / 182 laghubhAva ko prApta hokara yaha ciMtana karatA hai ki maiM akelA hU~, merA koI nahIM hai, maiM bhI kisI kA nahIM huuN| isa prakAra ke ekatva ciMtana ko apanAtA hai| vaha dravya aura bhAva, bAhya evaM Abhyantara laghutA ko vikasita karatA hai| vaha upAdhi se rahita sadaiva hI samitipUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai, vaha udgama, utpAdana Adi doSoM kA niSedha karatA hai| AhAra zuddhi ke pA~ca doSoM se dUra rahatA hai| saMyojanA, apramANa, iMgAla, dhUma aura akAraNa se rahita vaha AtmA ko sarvopari mAnakara samasta kriyAoM ko karatA hai| guru ke samIpa niyamapUrvaka cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA parityAga karatA hai / maryAdita sthAna kI ceSTA ko niyamita karatA hai| karavaTa badalanA, uThanA yA anya zArIrika kriyAoM ko dhairyapUrvaka karatA hai| isa prakAra vimokSa kI ora agrasara hone vAlA sAdhaka ekatva bhAvanA se laghutA ko janma detA hai| saptama uddezaka upadhi kI laghutA nirAzakti ko janma detI hai| jaise hI sAdhaka ko yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki merA zarIra dharma kriyA meM sahAyaka nahIM ho rahA hai to usa samaya zarIrajanya kriyAoM ko evaM sAMsArika bandhanoM ke kAraNoM ko laghu banAne ke liye AtmA meM lIna ho jAtA hai / vaha zarIra kI pratyeka avasthA ko chor3akara pAdapopagamana 84 maraNa kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai|85 isase vaha vIroM kI taraha Age bar3hatA hai, deha ke AkuMcana aura prasAraNa karane kA avakAza jaba taka banA rahatA hai taba taka pAdapopagamana maraNa kA samyak rIti se pAlana karatA hai tathA AtmA ko pUrNa rUpa se samAdhi kI ora le jAtA hai| isase vaha AtmA ke vizuddha pariNAmoM ko prApta karatA isa taraha samyak ArAdhanA kA mArga sAdhaka ke liye AcAra kalpa kI ora le jAtA hai| aSTama uddezaka bhakta-parijJA, iMgita-maraNa aura pAdapopagamana sAdhaka kI antima pariNati kA kAraNa hai| sAdhaka pravrajyA aGgIkAra kara kramazaH zikSA dhAraNa karatA hai| sUtra ke artha kA adhyayana karatA hai| usameM paripakvatA prApta karatA hai| sUtrakAra ne 24 gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se sAdhu jIvana ke zreSThatama sAdhanoM kI ora iMgita kiyA hai| isameM sAdhaka AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 86 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI kriyA kyA hai? use kaise calanA cAhie? use kisa taraha kI granthiyoM ko kATanA cAhie? aura kisa taraha se samAdhi meM sthita honA cAhie? ityAdi sAdhu kI samasta kriyAoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dharma ke svarUpa ko jAnane vAle sAdhaka bAhya aura Abhyantara Adi upakaraNa tathA heya padArthoM se mamatva chor3akara prayalazIla banA rahatA hai| saccA sAdhaka saMyama sAdhanA ko sarvopari mAnakara pA~ca prakAra ke tyAgane yogya kAraNoM ko chor3a detA hai| Agama meM kathana kiyA gayA hai ki saccA ArAdhaka isa saMsAra meM mahimA evaM pUjA kI icchA nahIM karatA hai, vaha paraloka kI abhilASA nahIM karatA hai, jIvita rahane kI icchA nahIM karatA hai marane se nahIM ghabarAtA hai aura kAma-bhogoM ko nahIM cAhatA hai / 186 isa taraha kI icchAoM se rahita sAdhaka jIvanaparyanta samabhAva kI ora agrasara rahatA hai / 187 navama adhyayana : upadhAna zruta upadhAna zruta-AcaraNagamya evaM Adarza svarUpa jinakA mArga hai una vIra prabhu kI caryA sAdhanA, AhAra-vihAra, zayana, Asana Adi ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha adhyayana hai| isa adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke tapomaya jIvana kA samagra citraNa hai, isameM unake saphalatama jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke upadhAnoM kA samyak vivecana hai| yadyapi yaha samagra vivecana mahAvIra kI caryA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| niyuktikAra ne isake samagra citraNa ko nikSepa naya ke AdhAra para isakA jo svarUpa upasthita kiyA hai vaha apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa evaM sAdhaka kA ucca Adarza prastuta karane vAlA hai| vRttikAra ne tapokarma kI sArthakatA para prakAza DAlate hue kathana kiyA hai ki samasta tapo karma upasargoM se rahita jahA~ hotA hai vahA~ kevala jJAna kI dezanA hotI hai| -- "upa sAmIpyena dhIyate vyavasthApyate ityupadhAnam"88 arthAt jo samIpa meM rakhA jAye vaha upadhAna hai| upadhAna ke do prakAra haiM-1. dravya upadhAna aura 2. bhAva upadhAna / dravya upadhAna zayyA Adi hai aura bhAva upadhAna, jJAna darzana evaM tapazcaraNa / 189 bhAva upadhAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra malina vastra jala Adi dravyoM se zuddha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra bhAva upadhAna se aSTa karma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura AtmA nirmala ho jAtA hai / 190 _ . AcArAMga ke vRttikAra ne pratyeka adhyayana ko nimna cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-1. caryA, 3. zayyA (vasati), 3. parISaha sahana aura 4. AMtakita / 191 isa adhyayana ko cAra uddezakoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai jinakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra haiprathama uddezaka * mahAvIra ne gRha parityAga kara jisa taraha se tapazcaraNa ko aGgIkAra kiyA usakA vivecana isa uddezaka meM hai| dIkSA aGgIkAra karake prabhu ne guruttara karmoM ke AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 87 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSaya karane hetu jisa acetakatA ko dhAraNa kiyA, vaha nizcita hI sAdhaka ke liye Aja bhI patha-pradarzana karane vAlI hai / sAdhanA meM IryA samitipUrvaka gamana, bhASA samiti kA samyak prayoga, upakaraNa Adi uThAne rakhane meM sAvadhAnI zreyaskara mAnI hai / jJAta putra ne saMyama ke mArga ko apanAkara kaThina se kaThina parISahoM ko sahana kiyA / ve anArya deza meM anArya logoM ke dvArA pITe jAne yA kisI taraha se satAye jAne para bhI vicalita nahIM hue apitu ve samaya kA smaraNa karate hue samaya meM lIna rahe / 192 193 yaha satya hai ki sAdhaka kI sahiSNutA samabhAva ko janma dene vAlI hotI hai jo pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasakAya ina sajIvoM ke astittva ko jAna kara unake samAraMbha kA kiMcit bhI vicAra nahIM karatA hai vaha sAdhanA meM vicalita nahIM hotA hai sthAvara-jIva aura trasa-jIva saMsAra meM Ate haiM, janma lete haiM, marate haiM, nAnA prakAra kI yoniyoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM / yaha prANiyoM kA svabhAva hai, ve apane karmoM ke anusAra vividha yoniyoM ko prApta karate haiN| saMsAra meM aisA koI bhI pradeza nahIM hai jahA~ jIva ne janma nahIM liyA hai| isa saMsAra kI nRtyazAlA kI raMgabhUmi kahIM bhI khAlI nahIM hai, jahA~ isa jIva ne nRtya nahIM kiyA ho / 194 paramArthadarzI ne sabhI ke prati samabhAva ko anivArya batalAyA hai / pAradarzI, paramArthadarzI, paMthapehI evaM mAhana kisI prakAra kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhate haiM / yahI isa uddezaka kA prathama upadhAna hai, Azraya hai, AdhAra hai aura yahI sAdhaka kI utkRSTa kriyA hai| dvitIya uddezaka gamAnAgamana ke sAtha kaI prakAra kI zayyAe~ bhI sAdhaka ke sAmane AtI haiN| sAdhaka una zayana aura AsanoM, ekAnta sthAnoM, samAdhi ke liye uparyukta sAdhanoM tathA dharma dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna ke liye pavitra sthAnoM Adi ko grahaNa karatA hai / ihalaukika aura pAralaukika Adi sabhI taraha ke upasarga zayana aura Asana Adi ke samaya meM Ate haiM / ve bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM, rAtri meM yA dina meM ciMtana yA manana meM mauna vRtti, saMyamI dRSTipUrvaka hI vicaraNa karate haiM / 195 zayana aura Asana sAdhaka ke upakaraNa bhI mAne gaye haiN| manuSya sAdhanAzIla vyakti ko dekha kara kabhI ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, kabhI kaThora bana jAtA hai aura kabhI itanA nirdayI bana jAtA hai ki sAdhaka ko tuccha mAna baiThatA hai / daNDa, muSTi Adi se usa para prahAra kara detA hai| ekAkI vicaraNa karane vAle yA jaMgaloM meM ghUmane vAle vyaktiyoM para kutte chor3a dete haiM yA kabhI svayaM unheM satAte haiM / parantu prekSAzIla sAdhaka ciMtana-manana meM itane magna hote haiM ki ve usa samaya meM yA anya samaya meM bhI cupacApa dharma ko hI apane jIvana kA parama karttavya mAnate rahate haiM / 196 AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 88 For Personal & Private Use Only

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isa prakAra sabhI prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahana karate hue ve samatA meM dhyAnastha rahate tRtIya uddezaka anupama sahiSNutA kA paricAyaka yaha uddezaka vividha pariSahoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karane vAle sAdhaka kI dRr3hatA kA paricaya detA hai| sAdhaka lAr3ha deza kI vajramayI aura zubhramayI bhUmi yA anArya kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate haiM para kabhI asthira nahIM hote _ vRttikAra ne lAr3ha deza ko janapada vizeSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| yaha janapada anArya AcaraNa hIna vyaktiyoM se bharA thaa| isakA samagra bhAga rUkSa thaa| 98 anArya deza ke jitane bhI janapada the, vahA~ sabhI AcaraNahIna evaM hiMsA se yukta the| mahAvIra ne aise usa prAnta meM vicaraNa karate hue nAnA prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahana kiyaa| niyata nivAsa-sthAna Adi kI. pratijJA se rahita ve kaSTa sahiSNu bane rahe tathA mamatvahIna hokara yuddha meM agraNI yoddhA kI taraha kaSToM ko sahana karate rahe, dhairyatA sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kA parama paricAyaka hai| caturtha uddezaka tapa AtmA kI zuddhi hai| susupta zaktiyoM ko jAgrata karane vAlA dharma hai * tathA Atma-saMzodhana hai kevala bAhya-tapa nahIM hai, Abhyantara tapa hai| sAdhaka bAhya-tapoM ko aura sAdhanA ke mArga ko apanAte hue indriyoM ke dharma se virakta sadaiva hI dharma dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna kI sAdhanA karate haiN| zarIra saMzodhana, virecana, gAtra samardana snAna, saMvAhana, danta prakSAlana Adi jitane bhI bAhya karma the ve unheM kalpa nahIM the / 199 arthAt ve aise karma nahIM karate the, jisase kisI bhI taraha se jIvoM kA pratighAta ho| ve to sadaiva sabhI kriyAoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka karate the| mahAvIra kI isa caryA meM tapazcaraNa ke kaI rUpa sAmane Aye haiM, jaise-nIrasa AhAra, pandraha-pandraha dina taka kA AhAra, mAsa-mAsa taka kA AhAra Adi kaI prakAra ke AhAroM kA evaM nirAhAra Adi kA bhI vivecana isa uddezaka meM hai, jJAna mArga ke pratIka tathA cAritra mArga ke sAdhana isa uddezaka kI yahI vizeSatA hai| AgamoM meM upalabdha bhagavAn kI tapazcaryA kA vivaraNa isa prakAra haianukrama tapa kA nAma saMkhyA divasa saMkhyA pAraNA divasa 1. pUrNa chahamAsI 180 2. pA~ca dina kama cha: mAsa 2 175 3. cAra mAsika 9 1080 4. traimAsika 180 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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12 ar3hAI mAsika 6. dvimAsika mAsakhamaNa 8. ardha mAsika 9. aSTama bhakta 10. SaSTha bhakta bhadratapa 12. mahAbhadratapa 13. sarvatobhadra tapa 150 360 360 1080 36 . 458 12 229 11. 1 10 .. 1 kula yoga 351 4165 . .. 349 isa taraha ina cAra uddezakoM meM tapazcaryA kI utkRSTa bhUmikA prastuta kI gaI hai| prathama zrutaskandha kI AcAra-vicAra evaM sAdhanA dRSTi kA samagra prastutIkaraNa anAsaka bhAva kA sAMgopAMga vivecana karatA hai| bhASA, bhAva evaM sUtrAtmaka saMracanA . isa prathama aGgagrantha kI prathama evaM prAcInatama prastuti hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vividha cUlikAoM ke mAdhyama se zramaNa caryA kA pramukha kendrabindu samabhAva hai, jisameM samitiyoM ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| pratyeka cUlikA sAdhu kI samabhAva dRSTi ko prakaTa karane vAlI tathA alaga-alaga mArga kA nirdeza karane vAlI hai| vRttikAra ne vRtti ke Arambha meM nava brahmacarya ko prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne dravya aura bhAva kI dRSTi se alaga-alaga rUpoM meM vivecana karate hue yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki jIva, pudgala, samaya, dravya, paryAya Adi kI dRSTi se AcAra sambandhI vivecana Avazyaka hai kyoMki AcAra upakAra karane vAlA hai, ziSya ko nayA patha dikhalAne vAlA hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA dvitIya zrutaskandha pA~ca cUlikAoM se yukta hai, isakI cAra cUlikAe~ AcArAMga meM haiM aura pA~cavIM cUlikA nizItha sUtra evaM naMdI sUtra meM milatI hai| AcAra kalpa, AcAra prakalpa, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi kI niyukti meM bhI isa cUlikA ke kucha aMza haiN|201 yaha zrutaskandha upakrama ke rUpa meM bhI prasiddha hai| vRttikAra ne upakrama meM dravya aura bhAva kI dRSTi se sacitta-acitta aura sacitAcitta ina trividha kAraNoM ko prastuta karane ke uparAnta saMkhyA, dharma, guNa Adi kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| isI ke antargata agra zabda kA nirUpaNa bhI kiyA hai| AgamoM meM agra ko mukha kahA gayA hai arthAt 90 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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agra kA mukha hai, sahArA, avalambana, pradhAna hai, usakA sammukha artha bhI hai / 202 jadhanya nivRtti ke antima niSedha kA nAma bhI agra hai / 203 anyatra bhI agra ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ cAritra hai vahA~ agra saMkhyA hotI hai; kyoMki zruta jJAna ke binA cAritra kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai isaliye cAritra kI apekSA zruta kI isameM pradhAnatA hai| agra zabda kA artha mokSa bhI hai| vRttikAra ne agra ke do bheda kiye haiM-1. dravya agra aura 2. bhAva agr| dravya agra ke Agama aura no Agama bheda kiye haiM tathA bhAva agra ke pradhAna, prabhUta aura upakAra isa taraha tIna bheda kiye haiN| ina bhedoM ke uparAnta vRttikAra ne AcAra ko mokSa kA kAraNa kahA hai| agra cAritra yukta hai| isaliye AcAra se jo artha pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai vahI, AcArAMga arthAt cAritra agra hai, mokSa hai aura isI kI sAdhanA sAdhaka karatA hai| upakrama ke bAda vRttikAra ne upodghAta kA prArambha kiyA hai| isake antargata vRttikAra ne saMyama kA eka bheda kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se usake do bheda kiye haiN| mana, vacana, kAyA kI dRSTi se tIna bheda kiye haiM aura cAturyAma kI dRSTi se cAra bheda kiye haiN|204 vRtti meM pA~ca mahAvratoM kA bhI kathana kiyA hai| tadanantara pratyeka cUlikA ke viSaya ko pratipadita kiyA hai| pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM vRttikAra ne cUlikAoM kI vizeSatAoM para naya-nikSepa Adi kI dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM cAra cUlikAyeM haiN| prathama cUlikA meM sAta adhyayana haiM, dvitIya cUlikA meM sAta adhyayana haiM, tRtIya cUlikA meM eka adhyayana hai aura caturtha cUlikA meM eka adhyayana hai| vRttikAra ne cUlikA ke sthAna para cUr3A zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 205 cUr3A ke bhI kaI bheda kiye haiM, jaise-dravya cUr3A, kSetra cUr3A, kAla cUr3A aura bhAva cUr3A,06 jisa taraha maNiyoM meM mukuTa kI cUr3AmaNI207 zobhA ko prApta hotI hai, usI taraha AcAra kalpa ke rUpa meM prastuta cUlA yA cUr3A yA cUlikA sarvopari hai| pratyeka cUr3A kI viSaya-vastu kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haiprathama cUlikA : prathama adhyayana : piNDaiSaNA bhikSaNa zIla bhAva bhikSu mUlottara guNoM kA dhArI vividha prakAra ke abhigrahoM se yukta hokara AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| ve AhAra ke cha: kAraNoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM, jaise-1. vedana, 2. vaiyAvRtya, 3. IryAsthAna, 4. saMyama sthAna, 5. prANa vartikA, 6. dharma cintaa| - ina cha: vidhiyoM ke AdhAra para bhikSu samasta eSaNIya padArthoM kI eSaNA karate haiN| auSadhi, bhUmi, sthAna Adi kA bhI vicAra karate haiN| ve AhAra eSaNA, zayaiSaNA, IyeSaNA, bhASaiSaNA, vastraiSaNA, pAtreSaNA, avagrahaiSaNA Adi ke mArga para calate hue mahAvratoM kI surakSA karate haiN| ve AcAra se pavitra sadaiva AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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hI svAdhyAya Adi kI kriyAoM meM lIna rahate haiN| prathama cUlikA ke rUpa meM prastuta AcArAMga kA AcAra kalpa bhikSu ke samagra jIvana ko prastuta karatA hai| vRttikAra ne jo vRtti likhI hai usameM viSaya ko pratipAdita karane ke lie pAribhASika zabdoM ko AdhAra banAyA hai| zabda vyutpatti, niyukti evaM vivecana ke kAraNa viSaya atyanta mahattvapUrNa bana gyaa| prathama cUlikA ke adhyayana kA nirUpaNa vividha uddezakoM meM huA hai| prathama uddezaka (AhAra kI zuddhatA) bhikSu yA bhikSuNI bhikSA ke samaya gRhastha ke ghara meM abhigRhapUrvaka praveza karatI hai| ve gRhastha ke sAtha praveza nahIM karate haiN| anaiSaNIya, aprAsaka, sacitta Adi kA dhyAna rakhate haiM tathA Adha:karma Adi solaha doSoM kA parihAra kara bhikSA prApta karate haiN| azuddha AhAra kA kiMcit bhI prayoga nahIM karate haiN| piNDaiSaNA ke samaya vikalpoM se rahita vicaraNa karate haiN|208 samasta eSaNIya piMDoM kI eSaNA vidhivata karate haiN| AgamoM meM AhAra kA nAma piNDa hai|209 zramaNa AhAra caryA ke samaya rAga-dveSa se rahita AhAra karate haiM ve nirjarA prekSI banate haiM / 210 AhAra Adi kI prApti hone para yA nahIM hone para bhI azuddha eSaNA ko nahIM prApta hote haiM kyoMki azuddha AhAra zramaNoM ke liye varjita hai|211 sapta bhaMga ke rUpa meM bhI isa vivecana ko dekhA jA sakatA hai1. apratyupekSitam apramArjitam (pratilekhana kiyA pramArjana nhiiN|) 2. apratyupekSitam pramArjitam (pramArjana ho, pratilekhana nhiiN|) 3. pratyupekSitam apramArjitam (pratilekhana, pramArjana donoM na hoN|) 4. dRSatyupekSitaM duSpramArjitam (duSpatilekhana aura duSpamArjana ho / ) 5. duSpratyupekSitaM supramArjitam (duSpatilekhana aura supramArjana ho|) 6. supratyupekSitaM duSpramArjitam (supratilekhana aura duSpamArjana ho / ) 7. supratyupekSitaM supramArjitam (supratilekhana aura supramArjana ho|) bhikSu aprAsuka aura anaiSaNIya anna Adi ko nahIM grahaNa karate haiN|212 sAdhu isI taraha eSaNIya auSadhI ko bhI grahaNa karate haiM / 213 / isI taraha piNDaiSaNA nAmaka yaha prathama uddezaka jJAna, darzana aura cAritra mArga para calate hue zramaNa ke liye AhAra kI eSaNA samitipUrvaka hI karane kA vicAra prastuta karatA hai tathA sadaiva bhikSAvRtti ke niyamoM ko prayatnazIla banAye rakhatA hai| dvitIya uddezaka AhAra grahaNa kI vidhi evaM niSedha sambandhI yaha uddezaka zramaNa ko cetAvanI detA hai ki aise AhAra ko grahaNa kare jo gRhastha ke ddhArA yA paribhukta yA asevita ho| parva Adi ke samaya meM vizeSa pUrvaka AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie, aisA ullekha AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 92 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vRttikAra ne kula kA artha ghara kiyA hai, vaMza yA jAti nahIM; kyoMki AhAra gharoM meM milatA hai jAti yA vaMza meM nahIM / 214 isake atirikta isa uddezaka meM saMkhar3I gamana niSedha, utsava niSedha Adi bhI kiyA hai / 215 isa taraha se yaha samagra vivecana anAhAra se sambandhita hai tathA AhAra meM doSoM se vimukta hone kA upAya bhI batalAyA tRtIya uddezaka sAdhu ke gamanAgamana se sambandhita yaha uddezaka una sthAnoM kA niSedha karatA hai jahA~ hiMsaka janoM kA nivAsa ho, pazu-pakSI Adi kA sthAna ho yA jahA~ cora Adi rahate hoN| isI meM yaha bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhu ekAkI vicaraNa na kare, saMkhar3I (bRhadbhoja)16 meM praveza na kre| yaha AdhyAtmika bala ko prastuta karane vAlA hai tathA zramaNa ke liye dhyAna kI kriyA ko bhI batalAne vAlA uddezaka hai| caturtha uddezaka___isa uddezaka meM AhAra meM lagane vAle vividha doSoM kI vivecanA kI hai| zIlAMkAcArya ne apanI vRtti meM zramaNa kI AhAracaryA para vicAra karate hue AhAra meM lagane vAle nimna doSoM ko niSedha kiyA hai, jaise 1. jisa sthAna para gRhastha ke yahA~ gAya duhI jA rahI hai aise sthAna para praveza nahIM krnaa| 2. jahA~ AhAra taiyAra na huA ho aise ghara meM praveza nahIM karanA / 3. jisa ghara se koI anya sAdhu grahaNa kara cukA ho aise sthAna para praveza nahIM krnaa|217 ina tIna kAraNoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara zramaNa bhikSA vidhi kA pAlana kre| isa taraha zramaNa saMkhar3I gamana niSedha, mAMsa Adi pradhAna sthAnoM para niSedha, go dohana velA meM bhikSArtha praveza karane kA niSedha, atithi zramaNa Ane para bhikSA kA niSedha evaM isa lolupatA Adi kA niSedha saMyamI bhI isa uddezaka meM hai| paJcama uddezaka yaha uddezaka bhI AhAra meM lagane vAle doSoM kA niSedha karatA hai| isameM vacana zuddhi para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| agra piNDa grahaNa niSedha, viSama mArga Adi kA niSedha, banda dvAra vAle ghara meM praveza niSedha Adi kA vivecana isameM hai| yaha uddezaka nirgrantha zramaNa ke liye samabhAva kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| vRttikAra ne kathana kiyA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra se AhAra meM lagane vAle doSoM ko niSiddha karatA huA AhAra grahaNa kre| AhAra utsarga rUpa meM grahaNa na kre| durbhikSa, mArga kI thakAna yA rugNatA Adi ke kAraNa apavAda rUpa meM AhAra ko grahaNa kre|218 prastuta uddezaka AhAra kI samabhAvI vidhiyoM kA nirdeza karatA hai| AhAra sAmagrI ko dete samaya yadi gRhastha AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 93 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paraspara bA~Tane ko kahe to bhI grahaNa na kre| usa samaya samabhAvapUrvaka vicaraNa kre| AdhaHkarma Adi doSoM ko TAlate hue AhAra yAcanA kre| isa taraha yaha samagra vivecana samabhAvapUrvaka AhAra karane kI vRtti para prakAza DAlatA hai| SaSTha uddezaka mArga kI gavaiSaNA se sambandhita yaha uddezaka AhAra meM lagane vAle doSoM kA vivecana karatA hai| saMsRSTa aura asaMsRSTa AhAra grahaNa karane kA niSedha karatA hai / 219 _ saMsRSTa aura asaMsRSTa vastu lene kA vidhAna nizItha bhASya kI cUrNi meM kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne bhI apanI vRtti meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| mUlataH saMsRSTa ke nimna bheda batalAye gaye haiM20 1. pUrva karma, 2. pazcAt karma, 3. udakAI, 4. sasnigdha, 5. sacitta miTTI, 6.sacitta kSAra, 7. har3atAla, 8. hIMgalU, 9. menasila, 10. aMjana, 11. namaka, 12. gerU, 13. pIlI miTTI, 14. khar3iyA miTTI, 15. saurASTrikA, 16. tatkAla pIsA huA binA chanA ATA, 17. cAvaloM ke chilake, 18. gIlI vanaspati kA cUrNa yA phaloM ke bArIka ttukdd'e| sacitta mizraNa AhAra sarvathA varjita hai| isaliye AhAra ke liye praviSTa sAdhu yA sAdhvI ukta kAraNoM kA bhI niSedha karate hue jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI zuddhi evaM vivekapUrvaka AhAra grahaNa kre| saptama uddezaka yaha uddezaka bhI piNDaiSaNA se sambandhita hai| isameM mAlAhata21 doSa se yukta AhAra grahaNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isameM udgama ke 13 doSa batalAye gaye haiN| 1. Urdhva, 2. adho aura 3. tiryaka / mAlAhata AhAra tathA udbhinna doSa yukta AhAra zramaNa ke liye grAhya nahIM hai / SaTkAya isameM grAhya aura agrAhya jala, pAnaka-jala, Adi ke grahaNa karane meM jo doSa lagatA hai usakA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne nikSipta doSa ke dasa bheda ginAye haiM,22 jaise 1. zaMkita, 2. prakSita, 3. nikSipta, 4. pihita, 5. saMhata, 6. dAyaka, 7. unmizra, 8. apariNata, 9. lipta aura 10. chardita / ___ ina dasa eSaNA doSoM se rahita zramaNa jJAna-darzana aura cAritra kI vRddhi ke liye AhAra ko grahaNa karatA hai| aSTama uddezaka agrAhyapAnaka kA niSedha karane vAlA yaha uddezaka AhAra bhI Asakti se zramaNa ko rokatA hai| vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki pAnaka udgama doSoM se dUSita hone ke kAraNa grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai| sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha drAkSA, A~valA, imalI 94 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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agrAhyapAnaka kA niSedha karane vAlA yaha uddezaka AhAra bhI Asakti se zramaNa ko rokatA hai| vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki pAnaka udgama doSoM se dUSita hone ke kAraNa grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai| sAdhaka ko cAhie ki vaha drAkSA, A~valA, imalI yA bera Adi padArthoM ko nicor3a kara banAye jAne vAle peya yogya padArtha ko bhI grahaNa na kre|223 apakva zastra apariNata vanaspati AhAra grahaNa kA niSedha bhI kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne vikRta hone vAle solaha prakAra ke AhAra kA niSedha kiyA isa taraha ye uddezaka agrAhya pAnaka se sambandhita AhAra kA vivecanA karatA hai; kyoMki pAnaka madhu, madya, ghRta Adi meM vividha jIvoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai isaliye aise padArthoM se yukta vastu ko nahIM grahaNa karanA caahie| zramaNa kA mUla kartavya jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI vRddhi karanA hai isaliye sabhI taraha se AhAra kI gaveSaNA meM samabhAva kI pravRtti ko dhAraNa kre| navama uddezaka __ grAsaiSaNA doSa kA parihAra sAdhu-sAdhvI ke liye avazya karanA caahie| unheM svAda lolupatA AhAra grahaNa karane meM aviveka Adi kI pravRtti ko nahIM karanA caahie| sAdhu AhAra kI kriyA meM bayAlIsa doSoM kA parihAra kara grAsaiSaNA karatA hai| sAdharmika, manojJa, sAmbhogika aura apArihArika225 kAraNoM se yukta AhAra milane para hI AhAra ko grahaNa karate haiN| vRttikAra ne AhAra kI lolupatA kA mUla rUpa se niSedha kiyA hai aura yaha kathana kiyA hai ki ve sAdharmika, sAmbhogika, samanojJa aura apArihArika vRttipUrvaka hI grAsaiSaNA kreN| isa taraha se yaha uddezaka AhAra grahaNa meM viveka dhAraNa karane kI zikSA detA hai| dazama uddezaka isa uddezaka meM svAda kI lolupatA aura mAyAcAra se bacane kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai; kyoMki mAyAcAra se-1. AhAra vitaraNa ke samaya pakSapAta, 2. sarasa AhAra ko nIrasa AhAra se dabAnA aura, 3. bhikSA prApta sarasa AhAra ko upAzraya meM lAye binA hI bIca meM khA lenA. jaisI pravRtti hotI hai| agrAhya AhAra khAne yogya karma aura pheMkane yogya adhika hotA hai isaliye aise AhAra ko grahaNa na kreN| vRttikAra ne aise cAra prakAra ke padArtha batalAe haiM, jaise 1. Ikha ke Tukar3e evaM usake vividha avayava, 2. mUMga, moTha, cavale Adi kI harI phaliyA~, 3. guThalI vAle phala yA bIja vAle phala, jaise-tarabUja, kakar3I, anAra, nIMbU papItA Adi aura, 5. jisameM kA~Te Adi adhika hoM aise phala grahaNa karane yogya nahIM haiN|226 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 95 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ekAdaza uddezaka 1 isa uddezaka meM mAyAcAra se rahita AhAra grahaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA hai| lolupatA ke vazIbhUta hokara zramaNa mAyAcAra daMbha, ahaMkAra Adi kI vRtti ko dhAraNa kara letA hai| pahale vaha mana meM kapaTa karatA hai tadantara AhAra ko agrAhya batalA ra svayaM khA letA hai / 227 isa uddezaka meM saMkSipta rUpa meM piNDaiSaNA ke sAta kAraNa diye haiM / vRttikAra ne piNDaiSaNA pAnaka eSaNA Adi kA niSedha karate hue zramaNa ke liye mUlottara guNoM kI ora agrasara hone kA nirdeza kiyA hai| dvitIya adhyayanaH zayyaiSaNA - kAla " zayyaiSaNA nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana zramaNa ke zayana Asana, sthAna, svAdhyAya bhUmi Adi kA kathana karane vAlA hai / zayyA kA artha Agamika dRSTi se cAritra zuddhi kA upAya hai,228 jise sthiti bhI kahA jAtA hai| sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ke samaya jina sthAnoM ko, AsanoM ko, saMstAraka ko, yA upakaraNa Adi ko cAritra kI zuddhi ke liye samAveza karatA hai, vaha zayyA hai / vRttikAra ne dravya zayyA, kSetra zayyA, zayyA aura bhAva zayyA - ina cAra zayyAoM ko saMyamI ke liye upayogI batalAyA hai / 229 dravya zayyA ke antargata sacitta, acitta aura sacitAcitta kA samAveza kiyA hai / 230 bhAva zayyA ke antargata sthitikaraNa kA antarbhAva kiyA hai / isa taraha zaiyyA vizuddhi kA kAraka hai| viveka aura tyAga kA paricAyaka hai / 231 saMyat ke liye dravya zayyA kA anveSaNa, grahaNa aura paribhoga vivekapUrvaka karanA zayyaiSaNA hai, jisameM zayyA vizuddhi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / isa zayyaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM tIna uddezaka haiM jinameM saMyamI sAdhu ke sthAna Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| prathama uddezaka sarvaprathama sAdhu upAzraya kI khoja karatA hai, jo nirdoSa jIva-jantu se rahita, ekAnta hotA thA / usameM vivekapUrvaka sAdhu yA sAdhvI nivAsa karate haiM / upAzraya meM tIna pramukha kArya sAdhaka ke dvArA kiye jAte haiM - 1. kAyotsarga, 2. zayana Asana aura svAdhyAya / 232 ina sthAnoM meM praveza se pUrva gRhastha se usakI anumati prApta karatA hai phira usameM praveza karatA hai 1 upAzraya kA artha hai-- AtmA kI samIpatA ko prApta karanA / sAdhaka Atmazuddhi ke nimitta jina sthAnoM ko grahaNa karatA hai ve usakI zayyA sthAna kahalAne lagate haiM jahA~ apane karane yogya kAryoM ko vidhipUrvaka sAdhaka karatA hai / isa taraha upAzraya kI eSaNA sAdhaka vidhipUrvaka evaM vivekapUrvaka karatA hai / gRhastha ke sthAnoM ko nahIM grahaNa karatA hai, kyoMki ve sthAna kabhI bhI pavitra nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM, una sthAnoM para sAdhu ke liye pUrNa rUpa se nivAsa karane kA niSedha kiyA 96 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only .

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dvitIya uddezaka isa uddezaka meM sAdhaka ke zayana Asana Adi ke grahaNa karane kA hI vidhAna hai| gRhastha saMsaktaM upAzraya kA niSedha, unheM pUrNa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha saMskRta, gRha meM sthAna yA Asana isaliye varjita batalAye gaye haiM ki vahA~ gRhastha ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyAe~ avazya hotI raheMgI / isaliye aise sthAnoM meM praveza karane se pUrva viveka ko jAgrata karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / sabhI prakAra ke doSoM se rahita jo sthAna hotA hai, vahI, sAdhu ke liye ucita batAyA gayA hai / AgamoM meM nimna nau prakAra kI zayyAoM kA varNana hai-- 1. kAlAti-krAntA, 2 . upasthAnA, 3. varjyA, 4. anabhikrAntA, 5. abhikrAntA, 6. mahAvarjyA, 7. sAvadyA, 8. mahAsAvadyA aura 9 . alpa kriyA / 233 sAdhu kI uparyukta nau prakAra kI zayyAoM meM vRttikAra ne mahAsAvadya zayyA ko ucita batalAyA hai| nirgrantha, zAkya (bauddha), tApasa, gairika aura AjIvaka234--ye zramaNa ke pA~ca rUpa tatkAlika samAja meM pracalita the / vRttikAra ne alpa kriyA zayyA ko nirdoSa batalAyA / upAzraya meM nirvagha kriyAe~ zramaNa ke dvArA kI jAtI haiM / isaliye zAstrakAra ne isake mUla meM alpa kriyA na rakha kara alpa sAvadya kriyA ko rakhA hai isa taraha ye zayyaiSaNA se sambandhita uddezaka ke cAritra vRddhi kI utkRSTatA ko pratipAdita hai I 1 karatA tRtIya uddezaka yaha uddezaka upAzraya gaveSaNA se sambandhita hai, jisameM sAdhaka ko gRhastha se upAzraya kI anumati lene kA nirdeza hai / upAzraya meM rahane vAlA yaha sAdhaka AdhA Adi rahita kriyAoM ko karatA hai, vaha cAritrika guNoM kI vRddhi hetu eSaNIya sthAna kI yAcanA karatA hai / vRttikAra ne eSaNIya sthAna tIna batalAye haiM-- 1. mUla guNa vizuddha sthAna, 2 . uttara guNa vizuddha sthAna aura 3. mUlottara guNa vizuddha sthAna | 235 zramaNa. . sadaiva mUla aura uttara guNoM kI vRddhi hetu yatna karatA hai, vaha aise sthAnoM ko grahaNa karatA hai jo striyoM se zUnya, pazuoM se mukta aura napuMsakoM se sarvathA rahita hoteM haiM / ina tInoM ke atirikta sAdhaka sadaiva sAdhanA meM rata niSkapaTa bhAva se upAzraya kI gaveSaNA karatA hai, jisameM rahakara vaha samyak prakAra se cAritra kI vRddhi kara sake / vRttikAra ne zayyaiSaNA ke isa tRtIya uddezaka meM yatanAcAra upAzraya yAcanA, upAzraya meM niSiddha karma, saMstAraka kA viveka Adi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / zayyaiSaNA tapa ke AcAra se yukta hotI hai, isaliye sAdhaka ko aise sthAna kA grahaNa karanA cAhie, jo sabhI taraha se eSaNIya ho / AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 97

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. tRtIya adhyayana : IryA IryA nAmaka isa adhyayana meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva236 isa prakAra kI IryAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| IryA gamana kA nAma hai| sAdhu kA gamana prANiyoM ke hita ke nimitta hotA hai, isaliye unakA IryA-gamana saMyama ke bhAva ko darzAtA hai| IryA ke bheda-prabheda meM bhAva-IryA aura dravya-IryA pramukha haiN| bhAva-IryA meM caraNa-IryA aura saMyama-IryA ko rakhA hai, dravya-IryA meM sacitta, acitta, sacitAcitta-ina tIna IryAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / 237 Iya meM sthAna, gamana niSedhyA aura zayana kA samAveza hai| sAdhu kisa prakAra * se gamana karatA hai, kisa kSetra ko prApta hotA hai aura kisa taraha se dharma aura saMyama kI surakSA karate hue apanI kriyAoM ko karatA hai| IryA adhyayana ke isa vivecana meM sAdhu ke cAra sAdhanoM para arthAt IryA ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| Alambana kAla, mArga aura yAtanA para hI kendrita isake tIna uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka varSAvAsa vihAra caryA se sambandhita yaha uddezaka sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke varSAkAla meM prApta sthAna Adi kA vivecana karatA hai| varSAvAsa meM sAdhu kA nivAsa kahA~ ho? kisa kSetra meM vicaraNa kare? aura kaba taka una sthAnoM para rahe? jina sthAnoM ko usane yatanApUrvaka grahaNa kiyA thaa| vihAra ke samaya jIvoM kI yatanA para dhyAna denA sAdhu kA parama karttavya hotA hai| isaliye ve cAra hAtha bhUmi ko dekhakara saMzodhana kara usa para gamana karate haiM, yatanApUrvaka calate haiM, anArya deza meM bhI saMyama aura sAdhanA ke bhAva se gamana karate haiN| kAraNavaza naukArohaNa kI vidhi kA vidhAna bhI isa uddezaka meM kiyA gayA hai238 parantu yaha bhI dhyAna rakhane ko kahA gayA hai ki IryA patha para pravartita sAdhu evaM sAdhvI samitipUrvaka gamana kre| dvitIya uddezaka naukArohaNa meM upasargoM kA AnA bhI hotA hai, isaliye sAdhaka usa para bhalI prakAra se baiThe, IryA samiti kA pAlana kre| saMkaTa ke samaya meM naukA meM baiThe hue gRhastha Adi ke dvArA yaha kahA jAye ki Apa mere chatra, bhAjana, daNDa Adi ko pakar3e rkho| ina zasroM ko grahaNa karo yA anya koI kArya karane ke liye kahe to usameM mauna dhAraNa ke baiThA rahe; kyoMki IryA samiti para calatA huA zramaNa saMyama ko sarvopari mAnatA hai| vaha viSama mArgoM, U~ce-nIce mArgoM, Ubar3a-khAbar3a mArgoM Adi kA Azraya pAka IryA gamana nahIM karatA hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA meM rata zramaNa jJAna Adi se yukta AcAra kI pavitratA hetu prayatna karatA rahatA hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana pa For Personal & Private Use Only

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Azraya pAkara IryA gamana nahIM karatA hai| saMyama kI sAdhanA meM rata zramaNa jJAna Adi se yukta AcAra kI pavitratA hetu prayatna karatA rahatA hai| tRtIya uddezaka sAdhu-sAdhvI una sthAnoM kA avalokana na kareM jina sthAnoM para nahareM hoM, udyAna hoM, nadI-nAle hoM yA anya koI khAlI bhU-bhAga ho|239 ina sthAnoM para indriya saMyama ko sarvopari mAnakara AcArya yA upAdhyAya dvArA nirdiSTa vacana kA pAlana kreN| grAmAnugamana vicaraNa karate hue sAdhu hiMsaka pazuoM, nirdayI logoM Adi se vicalita na hote hue nirbhayatApUrvaka Atma-sAdhanA meM lIna rhe| isa taraha yaha adhyayana bhI sAdhu ke IryA-eSaNA se sambandhita gamana kI vidhi ko prastuta karane vAlA hai| caturtha adhyayana : bhASAjAta AcArAMga sUtra ke isa adhyayana meM vAkya-zuddhi, vAkya-nikSepa evaM bhASA ke bhAvoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhASA-jAta kA artha hai-bhASA kI utpatti, bhASA kA janma, bhASA kA samUha, bhASA kA saMghAta, bhASA ke prakAra, bhASA kI pravRttiyA~, bhASA ke prayoga aura bhASA kI prApti / arthAt jisase nAma, sthApanA, dravya kSetra, kAla bhAva aura rUpa24deg ina utpatti rUpa dravya-bhASA-jAta kA vivecana jisameM ho, vaha adhyayana sAdhuoM kI bhASA-samiti para bala detA hai| vRttikAra ne jAta ke cAra bheda kiye haiM 1. utpatti-jAta, 2. paryava-jAta, 3. antara-jAta aura 4. grahaNa-jAta / 241 ina cAra dravya bhASA vargaNA ke AdhAra para bhASA vacana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ___ bhASA, vacana zuddhi ke liye vRttikAra ne vidhi aura niSedha rUpa meM vacana vibhakti nAma se solaha bheda prastuta kiye haiN| isI ke antargata puliMga Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bhASA dravya-vargaNA bhASA kI utpatti Adi se sambandhita yaha adhyayana sAdhu ke dvArA eSaNIya bhASA vargaNA kA vivecana karatA hai| prathama uddezaka- . ___ bhASAgata AcAra-anAcAra ke viveka para AdhArita yaha uddezaka vANI saMyama para prakAza DAlatA hai| AgamoM meM sAdhuoM ke liye niSedha karane yogya bhASA ke cha: kAraNoM kA kathana nimna prakAra kiyA hai-krodha se, abhimAna se, mAyA se, lobha se. jAnate, ajAnate, kaThAretApUrvaka evaM sarvakAla sambandhI nizcita bhASA kA prayoga nahIM karatA hai / bhASA prayoga ke samaya saMyamI sAdhaka solaha prakAra ke vacanoM kA vivekapUrvaka prayoga karatA hai| eka vacana bolane para eka hI vacana 42 kA prayoga strI, puruSa yA napuMsaka meM se kisI bhI zabda kA prayoga sAdhaka karatA hai| sAdhaka prAkRtika tatvoM AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ko dekhakara mithyAvAda se bacane ke liye sadaiva hI vivekapUrvaka bhASA kA prayoga karatA hai|43 saMyata bhASA kA prayoga sAdhu jIvana kI bhASA samiti kA anivArya aGga hai| dvitIya uddezaka vyakti jisa roga se pIr3ita ho use sAdhaka vyakti kA vacana vyavahAra karane ko kAnA, la~gar3e ko la~gar3A Adi kahanA bhI bhASA viveka ke antargata nahIM AtA hai| isaliye saMyamI ke liye sAvadha bhASA bolane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai|44 kisI zabda Adi ke viSaya meM usa rUpa kA kathana saMyamI ke liye ucita nahIM hai| sthAnAMga-sUtra ke pA~coM indriyoM ke 23 viSaya aura 240 vikAra batAye gaye haiN| una viSayoM ko jaisA hai vaisA bhAvapUrvaka kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| isa taraha yaha uddezaka bhASA meM saMyata parimita zabdoM ke bolane para adhika bala detA hai; kyoMki isase jJAnI ke jJAna kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA AcAra kI pavitratA bar3hatI hai| paJcama adhyayana : vastraiSaNA vastraiSaNA se sambandhita yaha adhyayana mamatva kA niSedha karane vAlA hai| vRttikAra ne vastra ke do bheda kiye haiM 1. dravya-vastra, 2. bhAva-vastra / bhAva-vastra saMyama kA rakSaka hai aura dravya-vastra zIta Adi nivAraNa karane kA kAraNa hai| isI adhyayana meM vastroM ke prakAra, vastroM kA pramANa Adi kA bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu apanI nirgranthatA bhI uddezaka kI pUrti ke liye saMyama evaM eSaNA samitipUrvaka vastraiSaNA karatA hai| yaha adhyayana do uddezakoM meM vibhakta haiprathama uddezaka isa uddezaka meM sAdhu-sAdhvI ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye vastroM ke prakAra evaM parimANa kA ullekha hai| zramaNa mUlataH chaH prakAra ke vastroM ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai, jaise-1. joMgamika, 2. bhAMgika, 3. sAnika, 4. pautraka, 5. lomika, 6. tUlakRta / 245 prastuta vastroM ke prakAra sthAnAMga, bRhadkalpa Adi sUtroM meM bhI haiN| vastraeSaNA viveka hI sAdhu-sAdhvI kI AcAra saMhitA kA mUla uddezya hai| dvitIya uddezaka sAdhanA vidhi sambandhita nirdeza246 1. sAde evaM sAdhAraNa alpa mUlya vAle eSaNIya vastra kI yAcanA kareM, 2. jaise bhI sAde evaM sAdhAraNa vastra mileM yA grahaNa kareM, vaise hI una svAbhAvika vastroM ko sahaja bhAva se pahane-or3heM, 3. unheM raGga-dhokara yA ujjvala evaM camakIle-bhar3akIle AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 100 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAja, sajjA, vibhUSA, zrRMgAra Adi kA niSedha pUrNa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne jina kalpita uddezakoM ko hI sarvopari mAnA hai / 247 isa taraha se prayatnazIla sAdhaka vastraeSaNA meM viveka ko dhAraNa karatA hai| SaSTha adhyayana : pAtraiSaNA ___ pAtraiSaNA se sambandhita yaha adhyayana sAdhaka kI kriyA kA eka aGga hai| pAtra ke binA piNDa (AhAra) nahIM grahaNa kara sakatA hai| isaliye vastraiSaNA kI taraha pAtraiSaNA kA vivecana AcArAMga sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai / 248 vRttikAra ne pAtra ke do bheda kiye haiM-1. dravya-pAtra, 2. bhAva-pAtra / bhAva-pAtra sAdhu hai, vratI, saMyamI hai| unakI AtmarakSA yA unakI saMyama paripAlanA ke liye dravya-pAtra kA vidhAna hai| dravya-pAtra kASTha Adi se nirmita hote haiN|249 isa taraha yaha adhyayana do uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama uddezaka ___ pAtra ke prakAra maryAdA kA vicAra isa uddezaka meM hai / 250 eSaNA doSa yukta pAtra grahaNa kA niSedha, bahumUlya pAtra grahaNa karane kA niSedha, aneSaNIya pAtra grahaNa karane kA niSedha, pAtra pratilekhana Adi se sambandhita yaha uddezaka sAdhu-sAdhvI ke liye pAtraiSaNA kI vividha maryAdAoM kA ullekha hai; kyoMki saMyamI bhUmi pramArjita kara, pratilekhana kara yA usakA zodhana karake hI pAtra ko uThAtA hai, pAtra ko rakhatA hai aura vivekapUrvaka jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM pratyanazIla hotA hai| dvitIya uddezaka AhAra Adi ke liye pAtroM kA pratilekhana yA pramArjana karake yatanApUrvaka saMyamI AhAra Adi ke liye nikalatA hai| pAtroM ko kaise sukhAnA cAhie aura unheM vihAra karate samaya kisa taraha le jAnA caahie| ina sabhI kA kathana isa uddezaka meM saptama adhyayana : avagraha pratimA sAdhaka kA sAdhanA kSetra avagraha pratimA para hI AdhArita hai| avagraha kA artha grahaNa karanA hai| avagraha ko avadhAna, sAna, avalambanA aura medhAvI kahA jAtA hai / 251 avagraha grahaNa karane yogya vastu kA Azraya bhI hai, AvAsa, svAmitva, svAdhInatA bhI hai-avagraha ke cAra bheda haiM-1. dravya-avagraha, 2. kSetrAvagraha, 3. kAlAvagraha, 4. bhAvAha / 252 avagraha pratimA meM vividha pratijJAoM kA samAveza hai| avagraha pratimA adhyayana ke do uddezaka haiM jinameM vividha avagrahoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prathama uddezaka avagraha grahaNa kI anivAryatA ko prastuta karane vAlA adhyayana saMyamI ke saMyamapUrvaka vicaraNa karane kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karatA hai / sarvatra avagraha kA guru kI AjJAnusAra grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai / pratikramaNa, zayana, pravacana, svAdhyAya, tapa vaiyAvRtya Adi pravRtti kI AjJA bhI Avazyaka hai / 253 avagraha yAcanA ke vividha rUpa isa uddezka meM ginAye gaye haiM / isameM avagraha meM Ane vAle doSoM ko bhI darzAyA gayA hai| saMyamI sAdhaka avagrahapUrvaka hI samitiyoM kA pAlana karatA hai, kyoMki AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha avagraha bhI saMyamI kA mUla - dharma 1 dvitIya uddezaka avagraha kI vidhi - niSedha ko pratipAdita karane vAlA yaha uddezaka nimna cAra bAtoM kA nirdeza karatA hai254- 1. kisI sthAna, rUpa avagraha kI anujJA lene kI vidhi, 2. avagraha grahaNa karane ke bAda vahA~ nivAsa karate samaya sAdhu karttavya, 3. Amra, ikSu evaM lahasuna ke vana meM avagraha grahaNa karake, Thaharane para aprAsuka anaiSaNIya niSedha kareM, 4. yadi vastue~ prAsuka yA eSaNIya hoM to usa kSetra ke svAmI se yA adhikArI se vidhipUrvaka grahaNa kareM / AcArAMga kI AcAra saMhitA kI vidhi ko bhI sAdhu jIvana kA anivArya aGga mAnate haiM / avagraha sambandhI sapta pratimAe~ 25 sAdhu ke jIvana ko sahiSNu, samabhAvI evaM namra banAtI haiN| isaliye samagra AcAra-vicAra ke liye avagraha zucitA kA kArya karane vAlI hai 1 dvitIya cUlikA : prathama adhyayana : sthAna saptikA - sthAna-saptikA adhyayana meM dhArmika kriyAoM ke sAtha sAdhu ke sthAna kA bhI vivecana hai| zramaNa avagraha zIla vratoM se yukta rAtri - bhojana se rahita, paJca mahAvrata dhArI guNavanta, zIlavanta, saMyama-yukta, brahmacarya ke nau prakAra ke brahma kI gupti se yukta vivekapUrvaka sthAna Adi ko grahaNa karate haiM / 256 ve yathAsamaya zayana, pratilekhana, pravacana, kAryotsarga Adi kriyAoM se yukta vicaraNa karate haiM / yaha adhyayana dravya- sthAna aura bhAva-sthAna kI bhI vivecanA karatA hai / mUlataH sAdhanA pravINa sAdhaka svabhAva sthita rahane ke liye aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kI ora satata prayatnazIla rahatA hai ataH yaha sthAna saptikA nAmaka adhyayana saMkSipta rUpa meM sAdhu ke zayana sthAna Adi kA vivecana karane vAlA adhyayana hai / isa adhyayana meM uddezaka nahIM yaha cUlikA ke 1 102 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sthita rahane ke liye aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kI ora satata prayatnazIla rahatA hai| ataH yaha sthAna saptikA nAmaka adhyayana saMkSipta rUpa meM sAdhu ke zayana sthAna Adi kA vivecana karane vAlA adhyayana hai| isa adhyayana meM uddezaka nahIM yaha cUlikA ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| sUtrakAra ne sAdhu evaM sAdhvI ke sthAnoM kA nirdeza karate hue aprAsuka sthAnoM kA niSedha bhI kiyA hai, vRttikAra ne sUtrakAra ke vivecana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sthAna, eSaNA aura zayyA eSaNA ke sambandha meM jina sthAnoM kA niSedha kiyA ve isa prakAra haiM 1. aNDoM yukta yA makar3I ke jAloM se yukta sthAna para na ThahareM, 2. jahA~ para AdhA karma Adi doSa lagate haiM una sthAnoM para na ThahareM, 3. anAsevita sthAna meM na ThahareM, 4. jisa sthAna para bhArI vastuoM ko haTAyA gayA ho yA Ahara nikAlA gayA ho, una sthAnoM para na ThahareM, 5. jisa sthAna se harI vanaspati Adi ko ukhAr3A gayA ho aise sthAna para na tthhreN| ityAdi gyAraha AlApakoM meM rAga sthAnoM kA vivecana kiyA hai / 257 vRttikAra ne yaha bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki jisa sthAna meM do, tIna, cAra yA pA~ca sAdhu samUha rUpa meM ThahareM vahA~ para eka dUsare ke zarIra AliMgana duSkriyAoM se dUra rheN| zayana sthAna meM do hAtha kA antara Avazyaka hai|258 zramaNa ke cAra sthAna pratimA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| sAdhu ke liye inheM grAhya batalAyA gayA hai| 1. acitta sthAnopAzrayA, 2. acittAvalambanA, 3. hastapAdAdi parikramaNA, 4. stokapAda vihrnnaa| ina cAroM kA paricaya vRttikAra ne isa rUpa meM diyA hai 1. acitta sthAnopAzrayA-acitta kA Azraya lekara rahanA, dIvAra-khambe Adi ucita vastuoM kA pITha yA chAtI se sahArA lenA, thaka jAne para Agala kA sahArA lenA Adi sAdhu ke liye varjita haiN| apane sthAna kI maryAdita bhUmi meM hI kAya parikramaNa karanA ThIka hai / 259 2. acittAvalaMbanA-kAryotsarga kI sthiti ke atirikta Alambana acittAvalambana hai| 3. hastapAdAdi parikramaNA-kAryotsarga kI sthiti meM kevala Alambana hI lenA, parikramaNa nahIM krnaa| . 4. stokapAda viharaNA-kAryotsarga kI sthiti meM vicalita nahIM honaa| isa taraha se yaha aSTama adhyayana bhikSu aura bhikSuNI ke AcAra kA sarvasva vivecana karatA dvitIya adhyayana : niSIdhikAAcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 103 For Personal & Private Use Only

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niSIdhikA nAmaka adhyayana meM zramaNa ke baiThane ke sthAna kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / niSIdhi kA artha hai-- baiThane kA sthAna / prAkRta zabdakoSa meM niSIdhikA ke nizIdhikA, naiSedhikI Adi rUpAntara kI jagaha, pApa kriyA ke tyAga pravRtti svAdhyAya, bhUmi adhyayana sthAna Adi artha milate haiM / 260 vRttikAra ne nikSepa ke AdhAra para nizItha kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai / niSIdhikA kI anveSaNA tabhI kI jA sakatI hai jabaki AvAsa-sthAna saMkIrNa, choTA, kharAba yA svAdhyAya yogya na ho| svAdhyAya bhUmi yA svAdhyAya sthAna ko grahaNa karate samaya zramaNa vivekapUrvaka pravRtti karatA hai / vaha kalaha, kolAhala Adi sAvadya kriyAoM se rahita sthAna ko grahaNa karatA hai evaM prayatnapUrvaka AcAra-vicAra kI samIkSA karatA hai I tRtIya adhyayana : uccAra-prasravaNa saptaka uccAra zabda kA artha hai - zarIra se jo prabala vega ke sAtha cyuta hotA nikalatA hai usa mala yA viSThA kA nAma uccAra hai / prasravaNa kA zabdArtha hai - prakarSa rUpa se jo zarIra se bahatA hai, sarakatA hai / prasravaNa (pezAba) mUtra yA laghuzaMkA ko kahate haiM / 269 uccAra aura prasravaNa donoM hI zArIrika kriyAe~ haiM / unakA visarjana Avazyaka hai, parantu visarjana karate samaya vividha prakAra kI kriyAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhanA sAdhu kA karttavya hotA hai, isaliye mahAvratI zramaNa ke liye yatanApUrvaka SaDjIvanikAya kI rakSApUrvaka zuddha-vidhi aura niSedhapUrvaka mala-mUtra Adi ke visarjana kA nirdeza hai / 22 sUtroM meM vidhi aura niSedha kI kriyAoM kA varNana hai / nizItha cUrNi 262 meM bhI isakA vistAra se paricaya diyA gayA hai 1 isa taraha kA paricaya vRttikAra ne bhI diyA hai / 263 sAdhu ko kisa taraha mala-mUtra kA visarjana karanA cAhie, kisa taraha se usakA paristhApana karanA cAhie ? ityAdi kA vistRta vivecana isa adhyayana meM hai 1 caturtha adhyayana : zabda saptikA zabda saptaka nAmaka yaha adhyayana karNendriya ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karatA hai / karNendriya kA kArya zabda zravaNa karanA hai, sAdhaka saMyama sAdhanA ko nimitta banAkara jJAna- darzana aura cAritra kI vRddhi karane vAle zabdoM ko zravaNa karatA hai| vItarAga ke vacanoM kA cintana karatA hai / guru ke ciMtanazIla vicAroM se samyak mArga kI ora pravRtti karatA hai / 264 loka meM anukUla aura pratikUla donoM hI prakAra ke zabda hote haiM / sAdhaka unameM se anukUla zabdoM ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / jahA~ karNapriya aura karNa- kaTu zabda hoM, vahA~ para zravaNa kI Asakti nahIM hotI hai / dazavaikAlika sUtra meM bhI preraNA utkaMThA se yukta zabdoM ke sunane kA niSedha kiyA hai / 265 1. icchA, 2. lAlasA, 3. Asakti, 4. rAga, 5. gRddhi, 6. moha aura 7. mUrcchA - ina sAtoM se dUra rahane kA nirdeza hone se (zabda saptaka) nAma sArthaka hai / vRttikAra ne dravya zabda aura T 104 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhAva zabda, guNa aura kIrti zabda kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vItarAga prabhu ke evaM munijanoM ke stutiparaka zabda, stotra aura bhaktimaya kAvya abhISTa haiM tathA jinameM ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA ho aise guNa prazaMsanIya hote haiN|266 ___ AcArAMga ke atirikta sthAnAMga,67 bhagavatI sUtra,68 uttarAdhyayana69 Adi granthoM meM bhI vAdya Adi zabdoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha se laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM meM Asakti, rAga-bhAva, gRddhatA, moha aura mUrchA Adi kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| paJcama adhyayana : rUpa saptika isa adhyayana meM rAga-dveSa ko utpanna karane vAle jitane bhI prakAra ke cakSuindriya Azrita rUpa haiM, una sabhI kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / 27deg vRttikAra ne rUpa saptaka nAmaka isa adhyayana meM rUpa ke nikSepa kI dRSTi se cAra bheda kiye haiM-1. nAma nikSepa, 2. sthApanA nikSepa, 3. dravya-nikSepa, 4. bhaav-nikssep| inameM se nAma aura sthApanA nikSepa kA vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| dravyarUpa aura bhAvarUpa unheM kendrabindu banA kara 1. varNagata aura 2. svabhAvagata rUpoM kA kathana kiyA hai| varNagata meM pA~coM varNa liye gaye haiM aura svabhAvagata rUpa meM krodha se bhauMhoM kA car3hanA, A~kheM lAla-pIlI honA, zarIra kA~panA Adi hotA hai / 271 isa taraha isa rUpa saptaka meM dRzyamAna rUpoM kA kathana karake sAta prakAra ke rUpoM kA niSedha kiyA hai| SaSTha adhyayana : parakriyA saptika / SaDvidha nikSepa ke AdhAra para parakriyA adhyayana meM nimna cha: kriyAoM ke karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai272 1. para, 2. anya para, 3. Adeza para, 4. krama para, 5. bahu para, 6. pradhAna para, '6 nikSepa vRttikAra ne diye haiN| unameM se Adeza para ko hI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai jisakA artha niyukta karatA hotA hai| parakriyA se sambandhita isa adhyayana meM parakriyA kA svarUpa, parakriyA kA niSedha, kAya-parikarma parakriyA kA niSedha, varNa parikrama kA niSedha, granthoM, Arza-bhagaMdara Adi parakriyA kA niSedha, paricaryA parakriyA kA niSedha Adi isa adhyayana kI vizeSatA hai| sAdhu-sAdhvI donoM hI saMyama kI ArAdhanA meM ina kriyAoM ko ahitakArI mAnate hue inase dUra rahate haiM tathA ve sadaiva hI jJAna sAdhanA meM rata samitipUrvaka vicaraNa karate haiN| saptama adhyayana : anyonyakriyA saptika . paraspara kI kriyAoM ko niSedha karane vAlA yaha anyonyakriyA saptaka zramaNa ke sarvotkRSTa, tejasvitA ke guNoM ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai, kyoMki zramaNa paraspara eka dUsare kI paricaryA, manasA, vayasA, kAyasA nahIM kara sakate haiN| isase unakI bhAvanA dIna-hIna banatI hai| vRttikAra ne yaha kathana kiyA hai ki sAdhu yatnapUrvaka calatA hai, yatnapUrvaka baiThatA hai aura yatnapUrvaka hI sabhI kriyAe~ karatA hai,273 isaliye anyonya-kriyA AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 105 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI vRtti sAdhaka meM jitanI adhika hogI, vaha utanA hI parAvalambI, parAzrita, paramukhApekSI aura dIna-hIna banatA jaayegaa|274 adhyayana meM paraspara meM kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM kA niSedha kiyA hai| AcAra cUlA275 meM nizItha cUrNi276 evaM uttarAdhyayana277 Adi granthoM meM ina kriyAoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai| tRtIya cUlikA : prathama adhyayana : bhAvanA bhAvanA nAmaka isa adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke paJca kalyANaka kA vivecana hai| garbha-avataraNa, devAnandA kA garbha sAharaNa, mahAvIra kA janma, mahAvIra kA nAma, mahAvIra kA yauvana, pANigrahaNa-saMskAra, mahAvIra ke pracalita nAma, mahAvIra ke parijanoM ke nAma, mAtA-pitA kI dharma sAdhanA, mahAvIra kA abhiniSkramaNa, sA~vatsarika, dautrakarma, laukAntika devoM kA Agamana, zivikA nirmANa, zivikArohaNa, pravajyA, cAritra grahaNa, abhi-grahaNa, upasarga, kevalajJAna kI prApti, dharma-dezanA, paJca mahAvratoM kA kathana, SaTkAya jIvoM kI prarUpaNA Adi se sambandhita yaha adhyayana mahAvIra ke jIvana ko udghATita karane vAlA hai| ____ jaina darzana evaM jaina siddhAnta meM bhAvanA rUpa meM bAraha bhAvanAe~ prasiddha haiN| anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asrava,saMvara, nirjarA, loka,bodhi-durlabha aura dharma svAkhyAtatva-ina bAraha bhAvanAoM kA vivecana vRttikAra ne bhI kiyA hai| inheM vizuddha bhAvanA bhI kahA hai278 / paJca mahAvratoM sambandhI bhAvanAe~ bhI isa adhyayana meM haiN| jJAna-bhAvanA, vairAgya-bhAvanA, ekAgra-bhAvanA, tapa-bhAvanA Adi paJca mahAvrata kI pratijJA aura usakI pA~ca bhAvanAoM ko prastuta karane ke bAda mukhya tIna bAtoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai 1. mahAvIra kI pratijJA rUpa bhAvanA, 2. paJca mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~, 3. paJca mahAvrata ke samyak ArAdhaka kA upaay| ___ manojJa aura amanojJa bhAvanAoM kA vivecana bhI prastuta adhyayana meM hai| anya samavAyAMga sUtra,79 Avazyaka cUrNi,8deg tattvArtha sUtra,81 sarvArtha-siddhi82 Adi granthoM meM bhAvanA kA vivecana hai| 25 bhAvanAoM kA varNana bhI AgamoM meM hai| vRttikAra zIlAGkAcArya ne jina bAraha bhAvanAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai ve Aja bhI pracalita haiN| zramaNa paJca mahAvratoM sambandhI utkRSTa bhAvanAoM kA vivekapUrvaka AcaraNa karate haiM, kyoMki samyak ArAdhika, samyak-bhAvanAoM kA vivekapUrvaka AcaraNa karate haiM, AgamAnusAra calate haiN| AgamAnusAra AcAra-vicAra kA pAlana karate haiN| mokSamArga kA samyak siddhAnta hI unakI utkRSTa dhAraNA hotI hai, isaliye yaha samyak-sAdhanA kA pratIka bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana zramaNa dharma para AdhArita hai| caturtha cUlA : adhyayana : vimukti106 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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vimukti kA artha hai bandhanoM se chuTakArA / sAmAnya artha meM vimukti kA artha hai vyakti jisa dravya se ba~dhA huA hai usase chUTa jAnA / jaise - ber3iyoM se jakar3A huA vyakti vimukta hotA hai taba vaha ber3iyoM ke bandhana se mukta kahalAtA hai| yaha bandhana dravya bandhana kahalAtA hai, bhAva bandhana nahIM / bhAva bandhana karmoM ke kSaya se hotA hai / vRttikAra ne dravya-mukti aura bhAva-mukti kI vivecanA karate hue yaha kathana kiyA hai ki jo bhAvoM se vimukta hai usa vimukta vyakti ko vimukti hotI hai / deza vimukta sAdhu hotA hai aura sarva vimukta (ATha prakAra ke karmoM se rahita) siddha hote haiM / 283 bhAvamukti yahA~ aSTavidha karmoM ke bandhanoM ko tor3ane ke artha meM hai aura vaha anityatva Adi bhAvanA se yukta hone para hI saMbhava hotI hai / 284 bhAva-mukti sAdhuoM kI bhUmikA hai| vaha do prakAra kI kahI gaI hai - 1. dezataH aura 2. sarvataH / vimukti adhyayana meM pA~ca adhikAra pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM pratipAdita haiM--1. anityatva, 2. parvata, 3. rUpya, 4. bhujaMga aura 5. samudra / 1 anitya bhAvanA bodha mahAvratoM kA sUcaka hai / parvata kI upamA pariSaha sahana kI preraNA dene vAlA hai| rUpya kA dRSTAnta karma mala zuddhi kA kathana karane vAlA hai 1 bhujaMga dRSTAnta dvArA bandhana mukti kI preraNA dI gaI aura samudra ke mAdhyama se saMsAra sAgara ko pAra hone kI zikSA dI gaI hai| isa taraha isa adhyayana meM mUlottara guNoM ke ghAtI ko vimukta, parijJAzIla, sata-asata kA vicAraka, parijJAcArI, jJAnajJa, tapasvI Adi kahA gayA hai / 285 isa taraha vimukti nAmaka adhyayana jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI pradhAnatA ko darzAne vAlA hai / isa taraha AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zruta-skandha meM nau adhyayana haiM aura unake 51 uddezakoM meM jahA~ AdhyAtmika AcAra-vicAra kI samIkSA kI gaI hai vahA~ usI prathama zruta-skandha meM mAnava mAtra se lekara saMpUrNa jagata ke prANI mAtra ke jIvana saMrakSaNa kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| mahAbodhi tatva evaM parijJA kA bodhaka prathama zruta-skandha nizcita hI samyak cAritra kI ujjvalatA ko banAye rakhane vAlA mahattvapUrNa aMza kahA jA sakatA hai / Adhunika paryAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa ke liye isa zruta-skandha kI bodhagamya sAmagrI samagra saMrakSaNa meM sahAyaka hI nahIM apitu kAryakArI siddha hogI / yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga kA yaha prathama zruta-skandha pRthvI ke paryAvaraNa ko bacA sakatA hai jala kI upAdeyatA ko surakSita rakha sakatA hai| agni aura agni ke tatvoM ke saMrakSaNa meM isakI zikSA nizcita hI upakArI hogii| vAyu ko pradUSaNa se bacAyA jA sakatA hai tathA mAnava ko jIvana dAna dene vAle vanaspati vijJAna se AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 107 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sambandhita tRNa-vRkSoM Adi ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai, jo hameM Aja bhI jIvanadAna de rahe haiN| prANIjagata kA samagra vAtAvaraNa mAnavIya AkAMkSAoM ne jitanA pradarzita kiyA hai utanA kisI ne nahIM, isaliye AcArAMga ke mAnavIya mUlyoM ko nirdhArita karane vAlI dRSTi Aja bhI upayogI hai| AcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta-skandha kI AcAra cUlA, AcAra paddhati Adi zramaNa caryA se sambandhita hai| sAdhu evaM sAdhvI kA jIvana pravrajyA lene ke bAda jina sthAnoM ko, jina-jina upakaraNoM ko, jina-jina zayanoM ko, jina-jina AsanoM ko evaM jina-jina eSaNIya kriyAoM ko karatA hai ve prANI mAtra ke prati jIvanadAna dene ke liye haiM tathA inase jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, saMyama Adi kI vRddhi para bhI bala diyA jA sakatA hai| sAdhu jIvana kI kaThina se kaThina kriyA sabhI taraha se upayogI mAnI gaI hai jabaki usameM yatheSTa AcAra-vicAra ho tathA unakA samagra jIvana, unakA samagra cintana aura unakA samagra AcaraNa mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAoM se paripUrNa ho 000 108 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. AcArAMga sUtra adhyayana 1 u. 1 pR. 1 ( 1/1/1) 2. vahI, pR. 1/1/1 3. AcArAMga, pR. 2 4. vahI, pR. 3 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 5. 6. vahI, pR. 1 7. AcArAga, pR. 2 8. AcArAMga, pR. 5 9. AcArAMga, pR. 5 10. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2 11. jaina jagadIzacandra-prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 57 12. jaina parameSThidAsa - AcArAMga : eka adhyayana 13. AcArAMga, pR. 7 14. AcArAMga, pR. 8 pannavaNA sUtra ? ? 1, pR. 40 AcArAMga, pR. 8 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 9 sandarbha grantha 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 29. vahI, pR. 19 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 15 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 18 " jJAna kriyAbhyAM mokSa" AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 19 22. uttarAdhyayana a. 36, gA. 74, 75, 76, 77 23. pannAvaNA sutta, pR. 216, 217 ghAsIlAla 24. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 19 25. vahI, AcArAMga 1 / 2 / 13 26. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 21 27. AcArAMga vRtti, 1/3/22 28. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 27 29. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 32 30. - AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 33 31.. AcArAMga vRtti 1/4/36 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 109

Page #148
32. bhagavatI sUtra 33. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 38, 39, 40 34. (ka) vahI, pR. 38 (kha) uttarAdhyayana 36/13/94 (ga) vahI, 36/95, 96 35. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 38 36. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 45 37. (ka) vahI, pR. 45-vistRta vivecana (kha) paNNavaNA vRtti, pR. 346 38. AcArAMga, pR. 39. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 47, 48, 49 40. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 49 41. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 49 42. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 50, 51 43. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 53, 44. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 55 45. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 55 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 57, 58, 59 47. vahI, pR. 59 48. AcArAMga, 2/1/1 AcArAMga, 2/1/1 50. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 69 51. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 74 52. AcArAMga sUtra 2/1, pR. 101 AcArAMga, 2/2/72 54. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 74 55. vahI, pR. 74, 75 56. vahI, pR. 74, 75 57. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 77 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 88 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 78 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 83 61. AcArAMga, 2/4/1 62. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 84 63. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 84 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra muni saubhAgya mala vistAra se dekheM pR. 134 110 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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64. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 139 " sayayaM mUDhe dhamme nAbhijANai ee paMca mAyA jIvaM pADeti saMsAre // " 65. vahI 66- AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 86, sUtra 86 67. vahI, pR. 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 68. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 95 69. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 177 70. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 99 kaa 71. (ka) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 19 / 31, 32 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra 72. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 100 73. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 100 " abhayakaraNazIlaH keSAM jIvAnAM zItaM sukhaM tadgRha -- tadAvAsa : ko'sau - saMyamaH saptadazabheda: ato'sau zIto" 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. AcArAMga, pR. 80. vahI, pR. 99, 100 AcArAMga sUtra 3/1/1 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 101, 102 AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 3/1/2 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 160 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 109 81. vahI, pR. 109 82. vahI, pR. 110 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 110 vahI, pR. 110 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 110 vahI, pR. 110 vahI, pR. 111 88. vahI, pR. 111 89. vahI, pR. 112, 113 90. vahI, pR. 112, 113 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. vahI, pR. 121 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana V AcArAMga sUtra 3 / 4, pR. 276 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 117 AcArAMga sUtra 4/1/1 AcArAMga sUtra 4/1/2 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 121 For Personal & Private Use Only 111

Page #150
97. vahI, pR. 121 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 121 "mithyAtvAviratipramAdakaSAyayoga" "ye evaM karmaNAmAsravA" 99. vahI, pR. 121, 122 100. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 127 101. vahI, pR. 127 "kasohi appANaM jarehi appANaM" 102. vahI, pR. 128 103. vahI, pR. 128 "taha khalu khavaMtikammaM sammaccaraNe ThiyA sAhU / " . 104. tatvArtha sUtra "icchAnirodhastapaH" 105. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 128 106. AcArAMga sUtra 4/4/1 107. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 108. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra-AcArAMga muni saubhAgyamala, pR. 329 109. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 131 110. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 131 111. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 131 112. AcArAMga sUtra 5/1/4 113. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 140 114. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 140 115. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 132 116. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 133 117. AcArAMga pR. 118. AcArAMga vRtti, pR.133. "saMzayo'narthasaMzayazca" . 119. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 133, 134 120. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 136 121. (ka) vahI, pR. 136 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 6, 367 122. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 136 123. vahI, pR. 136 124. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 139 125. AcArAMga sUtra 5/3/1 126. vahI, 5/3/1 127. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 139 128. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 139 "samatA" samazatrumitratA 129. vahI, pR. 139 "jahA puNNassakatthaitahA tucchassakatthaI" 112 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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130. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 140 131. AcArAMga sUtra 5/4/1 132. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 143 133. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 143 134. AcArAMga sUtra 5/5/1 135. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 147 136. AcArAMga sUtra 5/5, pR. 408 137. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 149 138. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 149 139. AcArAMga sUtra 5/5, pR. 419 140. AcArya kundakunda-pravacanasAra, jJAnAdhikAra gAthA 141. AcArAMga sUtra 5/6/1 142. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 151 143. vahI, pR. 152 144. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 425 145. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 146. __ AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 155 147. vahI, pR. 155 148. (ka) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 33/2, 3 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra a. 6 . 149. AcArAMga sUtra 6/1/1 150. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 156 151. AcArAMga sUtra 6/1, pR. 439 152. AcArAMga sUtra 157 153. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 160, 161 154. vahI, pR. 161 - 155. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 459 156. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 162 157. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 163 158. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 164 151. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 165 160. AcArAMga sUtra 6/4, pR. 483 "taM mehAvI jANijjA dhamma" 161. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 168 "zarIraM dharmasaMyuktaM, rakSaNIyaM prayannata: / zarIrAjjAyate dhammoM, yathA bIjAtsadaGkara / / " 162.. AcArAMga sUtra, 6/5/1 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 113 For Personal & Private Use Only

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- 163. 164. 165. 166. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 170 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 173 AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 491 jaina, DaoN. parameSThI dAsa- AcArAMga sUtra: eka adhyayana, pR. 55 167. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 174 168. candraprabha sAgara - AcAra sUtra, pR. 176 169. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 173 170. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 174 171. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 180 * 172. vahI, pR. 179 173. vahI, pR. 179 174. AcArAMga sUtra 8 / 1, pR. 510 175. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 181 176. vahI, 177. vahI, 178. vahI, 179. (ka) 193. 194. 195. 196. 114 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 187 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 541 180. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 197 181. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 189 182. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 189 183. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 185 184. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 186 185. vahI, pR. 191 186. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 193 187. vahI, pR. 193 188. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 198 189. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 198 190. vahI, pR. 198 199. vahI, pR. 198 192. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra 9 / 1 gA. 1- 10 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 201, 202 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 203 vahI, pR. 203 AcArAMga sUtra 9 / 2 / gA. 9, 10 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 206 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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197. AcArAMga sUtra 9/3 gA. 2 198. AcArAMga vRtti, pR.207 199. AcArAMga sUtra, 9/4, gA. 1-4 200. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 213 201. zAsrI, devendra muni-jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 74 202. sarvArtha siddhi 9/27 203. dhavalA 14/5, 6, 323; dekheM- jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR. 39 204. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 212 205. vahI, pR. 213 206. vahI, pR. 214 207. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 214 208. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 209. (ka) vahI, pR. 215 (kha) mUlAcAra 421 210. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 . 211. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 212. AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 12, 213. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 214. AcArAMga sUtra, sampAdaka madhukara muni, dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 24 215. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 219 . 216. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 220 217. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 223 .218. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 226 219. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 228 220. (ka) vahI, pR. 223, (kha) nizItha bhASya (madhukara muni: AcArAMga sUtra), dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 64, 65 221. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 229 222. vahI, pR. 230 223. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 23.1 224. vahI, pR. 232 225. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 236 226. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 236 227. vahI, pR. 228. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 240 229. vahI, pR. 239 230. vahI, pR. 239 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 115 For Personal & Private Use Only

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231. vahI, pR. 240 232. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 240, 241 233. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 142, (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 245 234. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 245 235. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 246 236. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 250 237. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 250 238. AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, 3/1, pR. 180 239. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 251 240. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 257 241. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 257 242. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 258 243. vahI, pR. 259 244. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 261 245. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 262 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 235 (ga) vRhatta kalpa bhASya gA. 360-61, (gha) ThaNAMga: muni nathamala, pR. 642 246. AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 255 247. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 262 248. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 266 249. vahI, pR. 267 250. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 266 251. jainenda siddhAnta koSa, bhAga 1, pR. 181 252. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 268 253. AcArAMga sUtra, dvitIya zruta skandha, pR. 280 254. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 270 255. vahI, pR. 270 256. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 233 257. AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zruta skandha, pR. 301, 302 258. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 232 259. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 272, 272 260. pAia-saddamahaNNavo, pR. 414 261. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 273 262. (ka) nizItha cUrNi, pR. 234 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 313-325 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 116 For Personal & Private Use Only

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263. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 273, 274 264. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 274 265. dazavaikAlika sUtra 8 gA. 26 266. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 275 267. sthAnAMga sUtra sUtra 211-219 268. bhagavatI sUtra 269. uttarAdhyayana a. 32 270. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 276 271. vahI, pR. 276 272. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 277 273. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 278 / 274. uttarAdhyayana a. 29 275. AcAra cUlA-muni nathamala, pR. 224, 230 276. nizItha cUrNi, pR. 252, 297 277. uttarAdhyayana a. 29 278. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 280 279. samavAyAMga sUtra-samavAyAMga-25 . 280. Avazyaka cUrNi, pR. 147 281. tattvArtha sUtra a. 7/8 | 282. sarvArtha siddhi-a. 7/8 . 283. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 286 284. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 286 . 285. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 287 000 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 117 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #156
AcArAMga vRtti kA dArzanika adhyayana Agama zramaNa saMskRti ke mahAnatama grantha haiM, jinako artha rUpa meM Apta dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| isalie Apta ke vacanAdi se hone vAle padArthoM ke jJAna ko Agama kahate haiN| Apta ke mukha se nisRta vacana pUrvApara virodha se rahita hote haiN| unakA vacana vAdI, prativAdI ke dvArA khaMDita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| unake vacanoM kA virodha Agama pramANa, pratyakSa pramANa yA anumAna Adi pramANa ke dvArA bhI khaMDita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki Agama satyArtha ke svarUpa ko pratipAdita karane vAle hote haiN| Apta ke vacana nyUnatA binA, adhikatA binA, viparItatA binA yathAtattva vastusvarUpa ko niHsaMdeha rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| Agama siddhAnta evaM pravacana Apta ke vAkya ke anurUpa haiN| usameM rAgAdi dveSa nahIM, unake vacanoM meM koI aisA kAraNa nahIM pAyA jAtA hai ki jisase yaha kahA jAe ki Agama tattvArtha dRSTi se pare haiN| .. Agama kA artha Apta pratipAdita hai| sUtrarUpa meM gaNadharoM dvArA use nirUpita kiyA gayA aura vicArakoM dvArA usakI upayogitA banAye rakhane ke lie vistRta vivecana ke sAtha, vaktA-zrotA kI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| Agama anAdi haiM, kevalI dvArA kathita haiM, atizaya buddhi ke dhAraka gaNadharoM dvArA pratipAdita haiN| ye vastu tattva ke abhiprAya ko vyakta karane vAle haiN| Agama mUlataH do rUpoM meM haiM-(1) artha Agama aura (2) sUtra aagm| unhIM AgamoM meM aGga Agama, aGga bAhya Agama, upAMga, cheda sUtra, mUla sUtra Adi Agama haiM, jinakA pUrva meM vivecana prastuta kara diyA gayA hai| AgamoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda vividha vAcanAe~ kI giiN| unase Agama kA saMrakSaNa prArambha huaa| pariNAmasvarUpa aGga, upAMga, cheda sUtra, mUla sUtra Adi likhita rUpa meM prastuta kiye gye| AgamoM kI mUla vizeSatA AcAra saMhitA ko prastuta karanA rahA hai| parantu Agama bhUgola-khagola, dhArmika, rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika, prAcIna vAstukalA Adi kI vizeSatAoM ke vizleSaNa karane vAle bhI grantha haiN| AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika jaise muni kI AcAra-vicAra kI prarUpaNA karane 118 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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vAle grantha haiN| jambUdvIpa prajJapti, sUrya prajJapti jaise grantha bhUgola aura khagola ke viSayoM kI jAnakArI dene vAle Agama haiM / upAsakoM kI upAsanA upAsaka dazAMga meM hai / dRSTAnta evaM kathAtmaka zailI kA kendrabindu NAyAdhammakahA hai| zubha aura azubha vipAka kI pariNati vipAka sUtra meM hai / vyAkhyA - prajJapti meM mahAvIra ke saMvAdoM kA saMgraha hai / jahA~ ukta sabhI Agama vividha viSayoM ke vivecana ko prastuta karane vAle haiM, vahA~ unameM darzAnika tattvoM kI bhI bharamAra hai / AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyA prajJapti, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, prajJApanA, nandI sUtra, anuyoga dvAra evaM rAja praznIya Adi A mukhya rUpa se darzAnika siddhAntoM se paripUrNa haiM, jinameM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, AtmavAdI, anAtmavAdI, vijJAnavAdI Adi kaI mata-matAntaroM kI dRSTi hai / bhUtavAdI, brahmavAdI, vinayavAdI evaM nAstika dRSTi Adi kA bhI vivecana AgamoM meM hai / AcArAMga sUtra ke prArambhika adhyayana ke prArambhika sUtra na. (5) meM AyAvAdI, loyAvAdI, kammAvAdI, kriyAvAdI; ina cAra vicAradhArAoM kA ullekha darzana kI prAcInatA siddha karatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga kA svamata aura paramata vivecana pUrNataH darzAnika zailI para AdhArita hai, jisameM cArvAka ke paJcabhUta tattvoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isI meM nAnAtmakavAda, jIva aura zarIra kI pRthakatA evaM jagata kI utpatti Adi para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti meM naya-pramANa Adi ke amuka dArzanika pakSa sarvatra bikhare par3e haiM / sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga sUtra kI zailI bauddhoM ke aMguttara nikAya meM bhI milatI hai, jisameM AtmA, pudgala, jJAna, naya aura pramANa Adi kI carcA dArzanika dRSTi se kI gaI hai| anuyogadvAra meM zabdArtha vizleSaNa ke sAtha pramANa aura naya ke pakSa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| nandI-sUtra jJAna ke dArzanika pakSa ko sUkSma dRSTi se prastuta karatA 1 AgamoM ke vyAkhyAkAroM ne AgamoM kI vyAkhyA meM siddhAnta vizleSaNa ke sAtha jo dArzanika dRSTi prastuta kI hai vaha anusaMdhAna se achUtI hai / AcArAMga sUtra se lekara jitane bhI Agama haiM una sabhI para vyAkhyAkAroM ne jo vyAkhyAe~ kI haiM unameM tattva ko naya aura nikSepa paddhati para ghaTita karake usakI sUkSmatA kA vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai 1 . AcArAMga vRtti dArzanika pakSa kI pRSThabhUmi para hI AdhArita hai / zIlAMkAcArya ne AcArAMga vRtti meM AcAra-vicAra kI bhUmikA ke sAtha pratyeka sUtra ko spaSTa karane ke lie naya paddhati, nikSepa paddhati, bhaMga dRSTi aura pramANa dRSTi ko kendrabindu banAyA hai / usI ke AdhAra para rahasya ko spaSTa kiyA hai / AcArAMga vRtti, cUrNi Adi meM adhikAMzataH dArzanika carcAe~ ubhara kara sAmane AI haiM / niyuktiyoM meM bhadrabAhu svAmI ne aneka sthaloM para dArzanika carcAe~ bar3e sundara DhaMga se kI haiN| unameM bauddhoM aura cArvAka darzana ke matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Atmasiddhi ke vividha caraNoM arthAt pramANa, naya aura nikSepa Adi ke viSaya se paripUrNa dRSTi hai / saMghadAsa gaNi, jinabhadra AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 119 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Adi AcAryoM kI bhASya vivecanA tarka-saMgata hai| usI tarka para dArzanika viSaya prakaTa huA hai| sAtavIM aura AThavIM zatAbdI ke bAda bhI AcArya haribhadra sUri jaise prakANDa dArzanika ne AgamoM para TippaNI likhate hue jo dArzanika pakSa prastuta kiye haiM, ve sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiN| AcAryoM dvArA AgamoM para jo vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaI haiM, unameM yuga kI mA~ga ke anusAra bhAratIya saMskRti meM vyApta vividha mata-matAntaroM ke viSayoM kA udghATana huA hai| unhoMne jo bhI prayAsa AgamoM ke AdhAra para kiye haiM ve nizcita hI darzAnika jagata ke mArgadarzaka haiM, usase nae-nae cintana bhI sAmane Ae haiN| bhAratIya darzana kI vicAradhArA mUlataH AdhyAtmika mUlyoM para AdhArita bhAratIya darzana sabhI darzanoM meM sarvopari hai| bhArata meM darzana-zAstra mUlabhUta rUpa se AdhyAtmika hai| darzana-zAstra ke saMsthApakoM ne deza ke sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika sudhAra kA prayAsa bhAratIya saMskRti ke anurUpa hI kiyA, isalie darzana kI pragati ke sAtha-sAtha naye-naye vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna bhI huaa| unhIM se kaI mata-matAntaroM ne AdhyAtmika jIvana kI gaharAiyoM meM halacala utpanna kara dii| bhAratIya vicArAdhArA ke itihAsa meM niHsaMdeha ye bar3e bahuta mahattvapUrNa kSaNa rahe haiN| Antarika kasauTI aura antaradRSTi ke kSaNa AtmA kI pukAra para manuSya kA mana eka naye yuga meM paga rakhatA hai aura eka naye sAhasika kArya para cala par3atA hai| darzana kA satya jana-sAdhAraNa ke dainika jIvana se ghaniSTa sambandha rakhatA hai tathA dharma tattva ko sajIva aura vAstavika banAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya meM cintana kI dhArAoM ne aneka rUpa dhAraNa kiye| zramaNa paramparA meM aneka vAda pracalita hue| ina vAdoM meM bauddha paramparA, vaidika paramparA aura jaina paramparA arthAt zramaNa paramparA kI vicArAdhArAoM ne bhI apane paira jmaae| Agama ke naye-naye saMdarbha sAmane aae| tattva cintana ke viSaya darzana para AdhArita hue| sampUrNa prastutIkaraNa meM eka naye adhyAya kA prArambha kiyaa| tattva cintana ne vicArakoM ke vicAroM meM jo mor3a diyA, vaha khulakara abhivyakta huaa| jIva, jagata Adi ke dArzanika rUpa ne krAntikArI kadama utthaae| pariNAmasvarUpa tattva cintana ne vAdI-prativAdI kA jamaghaTa taiyAra kara diyaa| vastu tattva ke vivecana meM jo tarka-vitarka utpanna huA, usakI pahacAna bnii| usI para AdhArita sabhI kucha vivecana prastuta kiyA jAne lgaa| - jaina darzana kA vikAsa-krama cAra yugoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai120 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. Agama yuga, 2. anekAnta sthApanA yuga, 3. pramANa - zAstra vyavasthA yuga, 4. navIna nyAya yuga / isa vibhAjana se spaSTa hai ki pratyeka yuga kA koI na koI dArzanika pakSa rahA hogA / (1) mahAvIra nirvANa se lekara 1000 varSa kA yuga Agama yuga hai| (vI. pU. 470 vI. 500), (2) dUsarA vi. pA~cavIM se AThavIM zatAbdI taka, (3) tIsarA AThavIM se sattarahavIM zatAbdI taka, (4) cauthA aThArahavIM se Adhunika samaya paryanta / AgamoM yA anya isake vyAkhyA granthoM meM dArzanika tattva kI prakriyA anekAnta vyAkhyA yuga pramANa zAstra-yuga ko spaSTa karatI hai; kyoMki vivecanakAroM ne Agama yuga ke dArzanika tattvoM ko tatkAlIna pracalita mata-matAntaroM ke mUla siddhAnta ko spaSTa karate hue bhI dArzanika carcA prastuta kI hai / Agama aura unakI niryuktiyoM, cUrNiyoM, bhASyoM evaM vRttiyoM meM Agama sAhitya ke mUla viSaya ko Agama yuga ke darzana tattva ke nirUpaNa meM jo sthAna nahIM diyA gayA thA, use vivecanakarttAoM ne AtmavAdI, karmavAdI, lokavAdI, kriyAvAdI, vijJAnavAdI, vinayavAdI Adi dRSTiyoM ko apane sUkSma vizleSaNa ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai / vRttikAra zIlaMkAcArya ne AcArAMga vRtti ke vivecana meM jisa dArzanika dRSTi ko apanAyA hai, use hama cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM (1) pramANa-paddhati, (2) naya-paddhati, (3) nikSepa-vyavasthA, (4) bhaMga - vivecana / I AgamoM kI bhaMga vivecanA dArzanika vivecanA kI eka aisI paddhati hai jisameM anekAnta kI samAyojanA parilakSita hotI hai / syAdvAda siddhAnta kI zailI para AdhArita AcArAMga vRtti kI paddhati anya Agama granthoM kI TIkAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / dArzanikoM kI darzana dRSTi ne svataMtra darzana granthoM kI racanA ke mAdhyama se jIva jagata, Izvara, pramANa, naya Adi ke tattvoM ko sUkSma rUpa se prastuta karane kA jo prayAsa kiyA, vaha saba Agama ke saiddhAntika tattvoM ke vizleSaNa para hI AdhArita hai / jo pUrva meM thA arthAt jo Agama rUpa meM prasiddha thA, vahI darzana yuga meM praveza karate hI khaNDana-maNDana kI paddhati ko prApta kara gayA / pariNAmasvarUpa prAcIna AtmA, jagata, Izvara Adi kA vizleSaNa apane-apane pakSoM para kendrita hokara viSayoM ko adhika saTIka banAne lgaa| dArzanikoM kI prastuti prAcIna mAnyatAoM se haTakara kucha bhI kahane meM asamartha nahIM hai; kyoMki jo kisI na kisI pramANa ko lekara prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / satya, satya hotA hai / satya ko vividharUpoM meM prastuta karake tarka-saMgata banAne AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 121 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
ke lie use apanI prAcIna dArzanika mAnyatAoM ko sAmane rakhanA par3atA hai| AcArAMga kA "AyAvAdI loyAvAdI-kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdi" nAmaka sUtra mUlataH ina cAra darzana tattva kI mImAMsA karatA hai| AyAvAdI meM Atma darzana kI, loyAvAdI meM loka darzana (cArvAka) kI, kammAvAdI meM karma kI vivecanA aura kiriyAvAdI meM kriyA kA arthAt karma ke nimitta se hone vAlI kriyAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM svAgama-parAgama ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha 1. kriyAvAda, 2. akriyAvAda, 3. niyativAda, 4. ajJAnavAda, 5. jagatavAda, 6. kartRtvavAda jaise vicAra vyakta kiye gye| AgamoM meM cAra evaM cha: dArzanikoM ke atirikta 363 mata-matAntaroM kA ullekha milatA hai| isake anantara mUla Agama granthoM ke Upara jo vyAkhyAe~ likhI gaIM, unameM ina dArzanika mAnyAtAoM ke atirikta darzana jagata ke prasiddha nyAya darzana, vaizeSika darzana, cArvAka darzana, bauddha darzana evaM sAMkhya darzana Adi kA ullekha hai| AgamoM meM kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180, akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84, ajJAnavAdiyoM ke 67 aura vaizeSikoM ke 32 bheda ginAye gaye haiN| ukta cAroM dArzanikoM ke kula milAkara 363 bheda batAye gaye haiN| ukta kriyAvAdI dArzanika Adi ke bhedoM ko alaga-alaga rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai- 1. jIva ke kAla kI apekSA se 4 bheda aura 2. niyati ke 4 bheda, 3. svabhAva ke 4 bheda, 4. Izvara ke 4 bheda aura 5. AtmA ke 4 bheda / ye sabhI jIva ke 20 bheda dArzanika haiN| ajIva ke 20, puNya ke 20, pApa ke 20, Azrava ke 20, saMvara ke 20, nirjarA ke 20, bandha ke 20 aura mokSa ke 20, kula 180 bheda kriyAvAdiyoM ke haiN| isI taraha ke anya bhedoM kA ullekha AgamoM meM AyA hai| AcArAMga ke vRttikAra ne ukta matoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake atirikta kAlavAdI, niyativAdI, svabhAvavAdI, IzvaravAdI, AtmAdvaitavAdI, ajJAnavAdI, vinayavAdI, ekAntavAdI ke nAmoM kA ullekha bhI AcArAMga vRtti meM kiyA gayA hai| AtmavAda, karmavAda, jJAnavAda, mokSavAda, pariNAnityavAda, anekAntavAda, satkAryavAda, asatkAryavAda, svataHprAmANyavAda, parataHprAmANyavAda pratItyasamutpAda, bhautikavAda (cArvAkavAda), advaitavAda, viziSTAdvaitavAda, zuddhAdvaitavAda, dvaitavAda, dvaitAdvaitavAda, acintyabhedAbhedavAda, zUnyavAda, nitAnAvAda, syAdvAda, paramANuvAda (vaizeSika), sphoTavAda, nayavAda, anAtmavAda, adhyAsavAda, IzvaravAda, nirIzvaravAda, santAnavAda, vivartavAda, nikSepavAda, pratibimbavAda, akriyAvAda, niyativAda, akRtatAvAda, anizcitatAvAda, ucchedavAda, nihnavavAda, bahuratavAda, jIvaprAdezikavAda, avyaktavAda, sAmucchedikavAda, dvaikriyavAda, trairAzikavAda, avaddhikavAda, DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva ke sphuTa dArzanikavAda ityAdi kaI dArzanikoM kA ullekha bhAratIya darzana ke pramukhavAda nAmaka pustaka meM kiyA gayA hai| 122 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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darzana zAstroM kI paramparA meM kaI darzanoM kA ullekha AtA hai| unameM SaD darzana kA mahattva prArambha se lekara aba taka banA huA hai| darzana kI chaH saMkhyA alaga-alaga rUpa meM hai| purANa kAla meM nyAya, sAMkhya, yoga, mImAMsaka aura lokAyata darzana kI prasiddhi hai| mahAbhArata aura gItA se sAMkhya yoga darzana kI vizeSatAoM kA jJAna hotA hai| IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM nyAya vaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga aura mImAMsaka darzana kA bolabAlA thaa| inake virodhI jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka-ye tIna avaidika darzana bhI apanA sthAna banAye hue the| isa taraha vaidika aura avaidika ina do paramparAoM ke kula chaH darzana sthAyitva ko prApta hote haiN| jaina paramparA ke pramukha AcArya haribhadra sUri ne bauddha naiyAyika, sAMkhya, jaina, vaizeSika aura jaiminI-ina cha: darzanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| maNibhadra kRta laghu vRtti meM ukta darzanoM kA vivecana hai|' SaDdarzana samuccaya kI bhUmikA meM paMDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne ina darzanoM kA samyak vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| AcArAMga vRtti ke prathama adhyayana ke prArambhika vivecana meM jJAna aura kriyA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvaya se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jJAna aura kriyA yadi paraspara nirpekSa ho to vaha iSTa kA sAdhana nahIM bana sakatI hai| kriyArahita jJAna paMgu hai aura jJAna rahita kriyA andhI hai| yadi andhe aura paMgu kA paraspara saMyoga ho to vaha donoM hI dAvAnala se baca kara jaMgala se pAra ho sakate haiN| yadi ve paraspara nirpekSa hoM to donoM jalakara naSTa ho jaaeNge| andhe aura la~gar3e ke samanvaya rUpa jJAna aura kriyA hI phala ko pradAna karane vAlI hai| ekAnta jJAna nayavAda jJAna ko hI pramukha mAnane vAle jJAna nayavAdI haiN| ve kriyA ko nahIM mAnate haiM, kyoMki upAdeya kA upAdAna aura heya kA tyAga, jJAna ke Azrita hI haiN| jJAna rahita kI jAne vAlI kriyA iSTakArI nahIM hotI hai| jJAna hone para saba kriyAe~ vyavasthita ho jAtI haiN| jJAna zUnya kriyA pataMga kI taraha anarthakArI hai| isalie jJAna hI mokSa kA pramukha sAdhana hai| kriyA-pradhAnavAda - kriyA ko pradhAna mAnane vAloM kA kahanA hai ki kriyA hI pradhAna hai; kyoMki jJAna ke dvArA jAna lene para bhI yadi kriyA na kI jAye to vaha jJAna niSphala ho jAtA hai| kevala auSadhi kA jJAna kara lene mAtra se roga kA upacAra nahIM ho jAtA hai apitu auSadhi kA sevana hI roga ke nidAna meM sahAyaka hotA hai| modaka kA jJAna ho jAne se modaka kA miThAsa kA anubhava nahIM hotA hai| usakA AsvAda karanA hI Ananda AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 123 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| kriyA hI phala dene vAlI hai jJAna nahIM; kyoMki strI bhakSya aura bhoga ko jAnane mAtra se koI sukhI nahIM ho jAtA hai|12 __ Agama kI carcA karate hue Agama granthoM meM Agama ke tIna bheda pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM-AtmAgama, anantarAgama aura prmpraagm| artha kI apekSA se arhanta kA Agama arthAgama hai| sUtra kI apekSA se gaNadharoM kA Agama AtmAgama hai| artha kI apekSA se gaNadharoM kA Agama anantarAgama hai; kyoMki unhoMne yaha artha sarvajJa se grahaNa kiyA hai isalie gaNadhara Adi ziSya ke lie sUtrarUpa Agama anantarAgama aura artharUpa Agama paramparAgama hai| Agama kI isa nirUpaNa meM mImAMsaka darzana kI apauruSeya mAnyatA kA vivecana huA hai| mImAMsaka darzana ___ yaha darzana veda rUpa Agama ko apauruSeya mAnatA hai; kyoMki unake mata se koI puruSa sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA hai| isalie veda ko puruSakRta na mAnakara apauruSeya mAnA hai| jaina darzana ne isa para TippaNI karate hue yaha kathana kiyA ki puruSa bhI sarvajJa ho sakatA hai; kyoMki puruSa paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai| rAga-dveSa se mukta hai| isalie usameM kisI taraha kA virodha nahIM hai, veda varNAtmaka hai| varNa yA akSara tAlu Adi sthAnoM ke binA nahIM bole jA sakate haiM, ataH veda rUpa Agama apauruSeya nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM sarvatra "suyaM me"13--maiMne sunA yaha kahakara puruSaiya Agama kI prAmANikatA siddha kI hai| AcArAMga kA dArzanika pakSa AcArAMga sUtra AcAra-vicAra ke tattva jJAna para AdhArita hai| yadyapi AcArAMga kA tattva jJAna dhArmika dRSTi se jitanA mahattvapUrNa hai usase kahIM adhika darzana zAstra kI dRSTi se isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| "se AyAvAdI, loyAvAdI, kammAvAdI, kiriyAvAdI 15 AcArAMga kA yaha sUtra AtmA, loka, karma aura kriyA-ina cAra tattvoM ko pratipAdita karatA hai| ye sabhI tattva tatkAlIna dArzanikoM ke vividha vicAroM ko vyakta karate haiN| inhIM vicAroM ko kendrabindu banAkara AcArAMga sUtra vividha dArzanika matoM kA saMkSipta rUpa meM nirAkaraNa karatA hai| maiMne kiyA, maiMne karavAyA, maiMne karate hue ko anumodana kiyA, maiM karatA hU~, maiM karavAtA hU~, maiM karate hue anumodana karatA huuN| maiM karU~gA, maiM karavAU~gA, maiM karate hue ko anumodana karU~gA-ukta vikalpa dArzanika vicAroM se paripUrNa haiN| zastra parijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM kI rakSA, sApekSa dRSTi ko prastuta karane vAlI bAteM haiN| loka vijaya nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandhoM kI mImAMsA karate hue jo bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai usameM niyamataH darzana tattva kA samAveza hai| vAstava meM ve vimukta manuSya haiM jo jJAna, darzana aura cAritra 124 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke pAragAmI haiN|16 janma aura maraNa arahaTTa-ghaTIyan ke nyAya para AdhArita hai| jisa prakAra arahaTTa meM rahe hue ghaTa khAlI hote haiM aura bharate haiM usI krama se prANI janma lete hai aura marate haiN| ise AbIcI maraNa nyAya kahA jAtA hai| anitya, kSaNa, vidhvaMsI aura nazvara padArthoM ko jo nitya mAnatA hai, ahita meM hita buddhi karatA hai, yaha bhI darzana kI eka prakriyA hai| "jeNa siyA, teNa No siyA"18 jo hai vaha vaisA nahIM hai| yaha kathana bhI darzana tattva para AdhArita hai| zItoSNIya nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana meM jo sotA hai vaha khotA hai, jo jAgatA hai vaha pAtA hai yaha vivecana viveka darzana ko jAgRta karane vAlA hai| gItA meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI kA bheda pUrNimA aura amAvasyA, AkAza aura pAtAla, himAlaya aura paramANu se bhI adhika hai| ajJAnI loga bhaTakate rahate haiN| unheM jJAna ke prakAza meM andhakAra hI dikhAI par3atA hai, parantu jJAnI andhakAra meM bhI jJAna kI kalpanA karatA hai| jaina darzana kI dRSTi vyApaka hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM Atmadarzana kI vivecanA karate hue AtmA kI nityatA-anityatA para prakAza DAlA hai| usakI siddhi ke lie vividha pramANoM kA Azraya liyA hai| loka ke svarUpa ko siddha karane ke lie loka ke astitva kA vivecana kiyA hai| kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI, karmavAdI aura ajJAnavAdI ke vicAroM ko AcArAMga meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| "je egaM jANai se savvaM jaanni| . je savvaM jANai se egaM jaanni|20 ___ arthAt jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha saba ko jAnatA hai| jo saba ko jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| ukta sUtra meM ekatA aura anantatA kA samanvaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM vastu ananta dharmAtmaka mAnI gaI hai| dIpaka se lagAkara AkAza paryanta sabhI padArtha ananta dharma se yukta haiN| isalie AcArAMga sUtrakAra ne isa sUtra dvArA yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko pUrNa rUpa se jAna lene kA artha hai sAre saMsAra ke padArthoM ko jAna lenaa| upaniSadakAra eka brahma-tattva ko parama-tattva mAnate haiN| jo brahma tattva ko jAna letA hai vaha vizva ke samasta ajJAta padArthoM ko jAna letA hai|" brahma sabakA kAraNa hai| isalie vaha sat hai aura usake jAna lene se samasta brahmANDa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / 22 "je egaM nAme se bahuM naame| je bahuM nAme se egaM nAme / 23 jo eka ko naSTa karatA hai vaha aneka ko naSTa karatA hai aura jo aneka ko naSTa karatA hai vaha eka ko naSTa karatA hai| isI taraha samyaktva adhyayana meM karma bandhana AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 125 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ki jo Azrava ke hetu haiM ve karma kI nirjarA ke hetu hI ho sakate haiM aura jo karma kI nirjarA ke hetu haiM ve karma bandhana ke hetu bhI bana sakate haiM / 24 lokasAra nAmaka paJcama adhyayana meM AtmA kI yathArthatA kA paricaya dete hue yaha kathana kiyA hai ki jo AtmA hai, vahI vijJAtA hai, jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| jisake dvArA vastu kA svarUpa jAnA jAtA hai vahI AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai jo AtmA aura jJAna ke isa sambandha ko jAnatA hai vahI AtmavAdI hai / 25 chaThe dhUta adhyayana meM duHkha aura karma kA kArya-kAraNa bhAva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / usameM yaha kathana kiyA gayA hai ki sRSTi kA samasta kAraNa karma hai / Izvara ko isakA kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 26 AThaveM mokSa adhyayana meM jaina dharma kI vizvavyApaka dRSTi kA vivecana sUkSma tattvoM kI ora AkarSita karatA hai / sUtrakAra ne kriyAvAdI akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdI Adi dArzanikoM kI paramparAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie(vedAnta kA eka pakSa dvaitamata) (cArvAka mata bhUta caitanyavAdI mata ) ( loka nitya hI hai- sAMkhya darzana) (loka anitya hI hai-bauddha darzana ) (isa loka kI sAdi paramparA hai) (loka anAdi hai - sAMkhya mata) ( loka sAnta hai) (loka aparyavasita hai - isa loka kA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotA hai27) atthalo natthaloe dhulo adhuve lo sAila aNAie lo sapajjavasie loe apajjavasie loe isa taraha AcArAMga - sUtra meM AcAra mImAMsA ke pratipAdana ke lie vividha darzana, mata, sampradAya evaM dharmoM kI mAnyatAoM kA kathana AcArAMga kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi ko prastuta karatA hai / jaina darzana kA syAdvAda evaM anekAntavAda kA samagra dRSTikoNa AcArAMga sUtra kI sUtra zailI meM sarvatra dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha nirvivAda hai ki jo bhI kathana pratipAdana AcArAMga sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai vaha saba aneka dArzanikoM ke darzana ciMtana ke sAtha zodha kI apekSA rakhate haiM / isa para svataMtra rUpa se hI dArzanika vivecana naI dizA pradAna kara sakatA hai / AcArAMga vRtti kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi AcArAMga sUtra ke sUtroM para vRttikAra ne vivecana ke lie cAra prakAra kI zailI ko apanAyA hai-- 1. naya - zailI, 2 . nikSepa - zailI, 3. pramANa- zailI, 4. bhaMga- zailI 126 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1 AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI dRSTi ko AcArAMga sUtra meM pratipAdita kiyA hai / vRttikAra ne AtmA kI sarvavyApI, nitya, kSaNika aura akartA rUpa mAnyatA ko khulAsA karane ke lie cArvAka kI anAtma dRSTi, vaizeSika darzana kI sarvavyApI dRSTi, bauddha kI kSaNikavAditA kI ekAnta kSaNikavAda Adi kA nirAkaraNa karake svamata kA vivecana kiyA hai| sAMkhya darzana ke akartRtvavAda kA nirAkaraNa karate hue apanI AtmadRSTi ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki AtmA jJAna hai, jJAna AtmA hai| jo AtmavAdI hai, vahI saccA karmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai / 28 AtmA ke vividha pakSoM ko pratipAdita karate hue vRttikAra ne cArvAka ke mata kA bhI nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki cArvAka kA pRthvI Adi bhUtoM ko svIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki pRthvI Adi bhUtoM ke guNa aura haiM aura AtmA ke guNa anya haiM / asAdhAraNa guNoM kI bhinnatA bhinna vastu ko siddha karatI hai / yadi bhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti mAna lI jAe to kisI bhI avasthA meM usakI mRtyu nahIM ho sakatI hai; kyoMki mRtaka zarIra meM bhI pA~coM bhUta tattva pAye jAte haiM : 29 gItA meM AtmA ko nitya, sarvavyApI, sthira, acala aura sanAtana mAnA hai / usameM bhI pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki AtmA ko zastra kATa nahIM sakatA hai, agni jalA nahIM sakatI hai, pAnI galA nahIM sakatA hai aura havA sukhA nahIM sakatI hai| AtmA kI isI dRSTi ko vRttikAra ne pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki tattvajJAna jIvana kA uddezya hai / jIvana punaH punaH prApta na ho aisA puruSArtha kareM / AhAra ke lie anindanIya kArya kareM; kyoMki AhAra prANa dhAraNa karane ke lie hai / prANoM ko dhAraNa karanA tattva jJAna ke lie hai aura tattvoM kA jJAna isalie kareM ki punaH janma-maraNa na karanA par3e / 31 saccA AtmasvabhAvI sAdhaka AtmA kA svarUpa saccidAnandamaya samajhatA hai| usakI AtmA zAzvata, caitanyamaya aura Ananda kA sAgara hai / 32 AtmA ko sUtrakAra ne mitra aura amitra bhI kahA hai / 3 AtmA hI apanA mitra hai, pAramArthika, ekAntika aura atyadhika upakAra karane vAlA hai / 34 AtmA mitra hai / yadi vahI AtmA azubha pariNati se yukta ho jAtA hai to vaha amitra bana jAtA hai / zubha aura zuddha pariNati ke kAraNa vahI AtmA mitra bana jAtA hai| bauddha dharma ke prasiddha grantha " dhammapada" meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA hI svayaM apanA nAtha hai aura AtmA ke atirikta tArane vAlA dUsarA koI nahIM hai / jisa prakAra koI vyApArI apane uttama ghor3e kA saMyamana karatA hai usI prakAra hameM apane AtmA kA saMyamana karanA cAhie / 36 30 AtmA ke viSaya meM vRttikAra ne vistRta vivecana karate hue jaina darzana kI dRSTi ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| sAMkhya darzana ne AtmA ko akartA mAnA hai aura sAtha AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 127 For Personal & Private Use Only

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37 1 hI karma phala kA bhoktA mAnA hai| 1 yaha kathana sAMkhya kA tarka-saMgata nahIM hai naiyAyika aura vaizeSika jJAna ko AtmA kA svarUpa nahIM maante| unake mata ke anusAra jJAna bhinna vastu hai aura AtmA bhinna vastu / ve jJAna aura AtmA ko sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiN| yaha kathana yukti-saMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hI hai| sAmAnya vizeSa se jo jAnatA hai yA anubhava karatA hai vaha AtmA hai, AtmA se bhinna jJAna nahIM hai isalie AtmasvarUpa jJAna hai / 38 paravAdiyoM ke mata para vicAra karate hue vRttikAra ne hiMsA, ahiMsA, devI, devatAoM kI mAnyatAoM Adi kI prasaMgika carcA karate hue unake mata kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| mImAMsaka ne veda vihita hiMsA ko dharma kA kAraNa mAnA hai, kyoMki isase devatA aura atithiyoM kI prIti prApta hotI hai| yajJa Adi karane se vRSTi hotI hai / azvamedha yajJa, gomedhayajJa aura naramedha yajJa karane se devatA prasanna hote haiM / ityAdi mAnyAtAe~ veda vicAradhArA vAloM kI haiN| ve ThIka nahIM haiN| jo isa prakAra kI hiMsA karate haiM yA hiMsA kA pratipAdana karate haiM, ve anArya haiN| isase pApa kA kAraNa banatA hai| ve pApa ke anubandhI haiN| ye dharmagrantha aura paraloka ke viruddha kArya haiM / 39 isI prasaMga meM vaizeSika mata kA yaha kathana prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki dravya Adi SaT padArthoM ke parijJAna se mokSa hotA hai / bauddhamata kI anAtmavAdI dRSTi evaM kSaNikavAda tathA mImAMsaka kA mokSa sambandhI kathana bhI caturtha adhyayana ke dUsare uddezaka meM prasaMgAnusAra pratipAdita kiyA hai / bauddhamata sambandhI yaha vicAradhArA bhI prastuta kI gaI hai ki prANI kA jJAna, use mArane kA saMkalpa evaM ceSTA tathA prANiyoM kA jisase ghAta ho, vaha hiMsA hai| jaba taka prANI ko jJAna na ho yA jJAna ho jAne para use mArane kI bhAvanA na ho, aura bhAvanA ho jAne para bhI tadrUpa ceSTA na kI ho aura ceSTA karane para bhI jIva na marA ho to vaha hiMsA nahIM hai| aise vicAroM para jaina darzana kI syAdavAda dRSTi kI upAdeyatA sAmane AtI hai jisameM kisI mata, sampradAya yA darzana para AkSepa na karake sarvadarzI kI bhAvanA ko prakaTa kiyA hai / vRttikAra ne ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA kA pratipAdana karane ke lie vividha dArzanikoM ke matoM ko rakhate hue yahI vicAra vyakta kiyA hai ki prANImAtra hita cAhatA hai| isalie mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pravRtti ko rokakara dravyaM hiMsA tathA rAga-dveSa, moha kI kriyAoM ko rokakara bhAva hiMsA kA parityAga zreyaskara hai / 1. asti jIvaH svato nityaH kAlataH / ( jIva svataH nitya hai kAla se) 2. asti jIvaH svato'nityaH kAlataH / (jIva svataH anitya hai kAla se) 3. asti jIvaH paratonityaH kAlataH / ( jIva parataH nitya hai kAla se) 4. asti jIvaH parato'nityaH kAlataH / (jIva parataH anitya hai kAla se) 41 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 128 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ukta cAra bhaMga jIva ke astitva ko kAla kI apekSA se nitya aura anitya ke rUpa meM prastuta karate haiN| sAdhaka ko saMsAra kI asAratA ko batalAne ke lie yahI paddhati apanAI hai| 1. je pukhuTTAI no pcchaanivaaii| pUrvotthAyI no pshcaannipaatii| 2. je pubuTThAI pcchaanivaaii| pUrvotthAyI pshcnnipaatii| 3. je no pubuTThAI no pacchAnivAI / no pUrvotthAyI pshcaannipaatii| 4. se'pi tAririe siyA, no pUrvotthAyI no pshcaantipaatii|42 1. maiMne kiyA. 2. maiMne karAyA, 3. maiMne karate hue ko anumodana kiyA, 4. maiM karatA hU~, 5. maiM karavAtA hU~, 6. maiM karate hue ko anumodana detA hU~, 7. maiM karU~gA, 8. maiM karAU~gA, 9. maiM karate hue ko anumodana dUMgA-ye nau vikalpa darzana kI pRSThabhUmi ko prastuta karate haiN| prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satva-ye cAra zabda jIva ke hI vAcaka hai| zabda naya kI apekSA se inake alaga-alaga artha bhI kiye haiN| daza prakAra ke prANayukta hone se prANa haiN| tInoM kAla meM rahane ke kAraNa-bhUta haiN| AyuSya karma ke kAraNa jItA hai-ataH jIva hai| vividha paryAyoM kA parivartana hote hue bhI Atma dravya kI sattA meM koI antara nahIM AtA, ataH satva hai|43 vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya ne nimna artha kiyA hai prANa-dvIndriya, trindriya, caturindraya jIva / bhUta-vanaspatika kAyika jIva / jIva-pA~ca indriya vAle jIva-tiryaMca, manuSya, deva, nAraka / satva-pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu kAya ke jiiv| vRttikAra ne isa taraha se sampUrNa viSaya kA pratipAdana darzana ke tattvoM para hI kiyaa| jahA~ jaisI AvazyakatA huI, usa AvazyakatA ke anusAra darzana ke vividha pahaluoM ko apanAyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne AcArAMga sUtra kI gutthiyoM ko darzAnika dRSTi se satata sulajhAyA hai / jIva tattva kA dArzanika mUlyAMkana jaina AgamoM meM jIva tattva para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jIva ke kaI lakSaNa AgamoM evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM milate haiN| AcArAMga sUtra ke zastra parijJA adhyayana meM jIva kI vistAra se vivecanA kI gaI hai| parantu jIva kyA hai ? jIva kA svarUpa kyA hai? yaha kahIM bhI udghATita nahIM ho pAyA hai| parantu jIva arthAt AtmA ke viSaya meM cintana karate kahA gayA hai ki jIva saMjJAvAna hotA hai| saMjJA ke AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 129 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #168
abhAva meM prANiyoM ko yaha jJAna nahIM hotA hai ki merA AtmA pUrva dizA se AyA hai yA dakSiNa dizA se yA pazcima dizA se yA uttara dizA se yA anya kisI dizA se AyA hai / 45 zIlAMka kI vRtti meM vividha prakAra kI saMjJAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / saMjJA kA artha bhI diyA gayA hai / saMjJA kA artha hai cetanA / vaha bhI do prakAra kI hai- 1. jJAna cetanA aura 2. anubhava cetanA / 46 anubhava cetanA pratyeka prANI meM rahatI hai| jJAna - cetanA vizeSa bodha, kisI meM kama vikasita hotI hai aura kisI meM adhika vikasita hotI hai| anubhava cetanA ke 16 bheda ginAye haiM aura jJAna cetanA ke 5 bheda kiye haiM / jIva cetanAyukta hai, bhAratIya darzana kI pratyeka paramparA use svIkAra karatI hai; kintu atIta aura bhaviSya ke astitva meM saba vizvAsa nahIM karate haiM / jo cetana kI traikAlika sattA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, ve AtmavAdI hote haiM, ve AtmA yA jIva donoM ko eka hI mAnate haiM / AtmA jIva hai, cetanAyukta hai| upayoga lakSaNa vAlA hai| zAMkAcArya ne jo prANa ko dhAraNa karatA hai use jIva kahA hai aura usakI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI hai ki jo jIvita thA, jIvita hai tathA Ayu karma se jIvita rahegA vaha jIva hai|" anya Agama granthoM meM ukta vyutpattipUrNa paribhASA dI gaI hai| jo cAra prANoM se jItA hai yA daza prANoM se jItA hai, jiyegA aura jo pahale jItA thA vaha jIva hai| 49 AcArya haribhadra sUri ne " cetanA lakSaNo jIvaH" yaha paribhASA dI hai| jisameM jAnane-dekhane kI zakti pAI jAtI hai vaha jIva hai / deg prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satva- ye jIva ke hI vAcaka haiM / jIva ke viSaya meM AcArAMga sUtra kI dRSTi prArambha se lekara anta taka sampUrNa vizva ke jIvoM para kendrita rahI hai / isameM vanaspati, pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu-ina pA~ca vastuoM meM jIva kI sattA svIkAra karate hue inake saMrakSaNa para inake bacane ke lie aura inake sthAyitva ke lie bAra-bAra upadeza diyA gayA hai| jo nAnA prakAra ke zastroM dvArA pRthvI karma Adi kI kriyAoM meM saMlagna hokara unakA vadha, bandhana, chedana, bhedana Adi kI kriyAoM ko karate haiM ve apanA hI ahita karate haiM / 51 AcArAMga ke mUla uddezya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vRttikAra ne apanI dRSTi sUkSma se sUkSma tattvoM para le jAkara prANiyoM ke cetana svarUpa kA vaijJAnika pakSa bhI prastuta kiyA hai / AgamoM meM jIvoM ke cetana svarUpa ko ekendriya taka sImita karake apanI bAta ko samApta nahIM kara diyA, apitu anya prANI mAtra kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai / AgamoM meM jIvoM ke aneka prakAra batalAye haiM, unameM se do bheda AcArAMga sUtra aura AcArAMga vRtti meM pramukha rUpa se ginAye haiM / saMsArI jIvoM kI apekSA jIva 130 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #169
ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-1. sthAvara aura 2. trs| ina jIvoM ke bhI prANoM kI dRSTi se cAra se lekara dasa prANa taka jIvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|52 yoni kI dRSTi se jIva ke bheda aneka haiN| unameM vRttikAra ne eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA prastuta karate hue saMsArI jIvoM ke sAMsArika kAraNoM ke AdhAra para ATha bheda isa prakAra diye haiM-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, darzana, mohanIya cAritra-mohanIya, rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura paJca indriya vissy| loka kI apekSA ekendriya, do indriya, tIna indriya, catur indriya aura paJca indriya-ye pA~ca bheda kiye haiN| nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava, bhAva aura paryAya-ye ATha bheda nikSepa kI apekSA se kiye gaye haiN| svabhAva kI dRSTi se aupazAmika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika--ye pA~ca jIva ke svarUpa haiN|53 dravya aura bhAva kI apekSA se jIva ke do bheda kiye gaye haiN| isa taraha AgamoM evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM jIva ke sAmAnya dRSTi se, yoni kI dRSTi se evaM bhava-bhAva Adi kI apekSA se jIva kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jIva kI vividha dArzanika mAnyatAeM jIva caitanya svarUpa hai| jJAna aura darzana isakA upayoga hai| yaha apane jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM se bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhii| karmoM ke anusAra vaha aneka janmoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| acche-bure vicAroM se yukta hotA hai| usake phala ko bhogatA hai| isalie jIva bhedAbheda kI apekSA ke liye hue haiN| bhAratIya darzana ke sabhI vicArakoM ne yadyapi jIva ko caitanya svarUpa mAnA hai, phira bhI vividha dArzanikoM kI vividha. mAnyatAe~ haiM, jina para sAmAnya vivecana hI prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| . bauddha darzana jIva/AtmA ke viSaya meM mauna hai| bauddha darzana ne AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| anya sabhI darzanoM meM jIva/AtmA kI sattA. ko svataMtra rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| bhautikavAdI cArvAka mata cetana ko hI jIva mAnatA hai| usake anusAra ina tattvoM ke samApta hone para bhI jIva tattva samApta ho jAtA hai| - vedAnta darzana jIva/AtmA ko brahma yA parama tattva ko svIkAra karatA hai vaha deha sthita AtmA ko jIva mAnatA hai| AtmA saccit AnandasvarUpa hai| jisake lie brahma kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai vaha parama brahma svarUpa AtmA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| ___ nyAya darzana AtmA ko nitya evaM vyApaka mAnatA hai| vaha caitanya ko Agantuka guNa mAnatA hai| nyAya darzana ke anusAra caitanya guNa kA udbhava mana evaM zarIra ke saMyoga hone se hotA hai| nyAya darzana kI taraha vaizeSika darzana jIva ko isI rUpa se mAnatA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #170
sAMkhya darzana jIva/AtmA ko puruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| puruSa nirguNa, vivekI, jJAtA, caitanyasvarUpa, aparaNAmI tathA akriya hai| prakRti ke sAtha saMyoga hone se Atma evaM nAnA prakAra kI kriyAoM ko prApta karane lagatA hai| . mImAMsaka darzana jIva ko nitya, vyApaka evaM aneka rUpa mAnatA hai| mImAMsaka darzana meM AtmA, citta aMza rUpa hai| acitta aMza rUpa bhI hai| jaina darzana ne jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga kiyA hai| upayoga, jJAna aura darzana rUpa hai| jIva aura AtmA jIva aura AtmA sabhI dArzanika dRSTiyoM se caitanyasvarUpa hai| jIva ko AtmA yA AtmA ko jIva kahA jAtA hai / bauddha darzana AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, parantu punarjanma Adi ko mAnatA hai| vedAnta darzana meM AtmA/jIva ko kaI dRSTiyoM se prastuta kiyA hai| avidyA ke nAza hone para AtmA sat citta AnandarUpa hotA hai aura avidyA ke kAraNa jIva brahma kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara pAtA hai| isalie vaha jIva bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| nyAya evaM vaizeSika darzana icchA, dveSa, pratyana, sukha, duHkha kI anubhUti se AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karatA hai| sAMkhya kA AtmA puruSa pradhAna hai| mImAMsaka-darzana AtmA ko zarIra, indriya, buddhi se bhinna mAnatA hai| jaina-darzana AtmA aura jIva ko eka hI mAnatA hai| jIva ke astitva se AtmA kA astitva hai| AtmA/jIva hai aura jIva AtmA hai| jIva nAnA prakAra kI kriyAoM ke kAraNa pRthak-pRthak hai, para jIva aura AtmA meM koI antara nahIM hai| AtmA aura deha yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai| zarIra hai isalie AtmA hai| AtmA hai isalie zarIra hai| zarIra se pRthak AtmA yA jIva kA astitva nahIM hotaa|56 sabhI dArzanika isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiN| anumAna pramANa dvArA siddha kiyA jAtA hai ki jvara kI uSNatA bhI jIva saMyukta zarIra meM hI hotI hai| mRta zarIra meM jvara kI uSNatA nahIM pAI jAtI hai| aGgAra Adi kA prakAza AtmasaMyogapUrvaka hai; kyoMki vaha zarIstha hai|57 AtmA hai aura vaha AtmA zarIra meM hai, mRta zarIra meM nahIM hai| zarIragata sukha-duHkha AtmA kI anubhUti hai| jIva aura jJAna AtmA yA jIva donoM eka haiN| jaina darzana kI dRSTi se jIva/AtmA jJAna kA nAma hai arthAt jJAna AtmA hai aura AtmA jJAna hai / 58 jabaki anya bhAratIya darzana aisA nahIM mAnate haiN| vedAnta darzana AtmA ko mAnatA hai aura jJAna ko bhI 132 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #171
mAnatA hai parantu jJAna AtmA se alaga hai / nyAya darzana jJAna ko Agantuka guNa mAnatA hai arthAt usakA kahanA hai ki AtmA jJAna kA adhikaraNa / Azraya hai / 59. nyAya evaM vaizeSika darzana kI taraha sAMkhya darzana bhI jJAna ko Agantuka guNa mAnatA hai| mImAMsaka-darzana kA kathana hai ki AtmA jJAna kA anubhava karatA hai / isa taraha jJAna ke viSaya meM bhAratIya darzana kI apanI-apanI dRSTi hai / jIva kI prAmANikatA jIva hai, isa bAta ko sabhI darzana svIkAra karate haiM / isakI siddhi ke lie Agama pramANa, Agama anumAna pramANa, smRti, tarka, pratyabhijJAna Adi ke dvArA siddha karate haiN| jIva nitya hai, zAzvata hai, upayogasvarUpa hai, kartA hai, bhoktA hai, zarIra pramANa hai, amUrtika hai, saMsAra meM rahatA hai saMsAra se mukta hotA hai aura mukta hone ke kAraNa vaha jIva Urdhvagamana ko prApta hotA hai / ahaM yA anya kisI na kisI rUpa meM jIva hai, usakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai- 1 jIva kI vyApakatA jIva ke bheda eka se lekara kaI kiye gaye haiM / 6deg pRthvI se lekara sampUrNa sthAvara kAya taka vaha ekendriya rUpa meM hai tathA do indriya, tIna indriya, paJcendriya asaMjJI kI apekSA se bhI jIva bheda AgamoM meM ginAye jAte haiN| do indriya Adi jIvoM kI vyApakatA kahA~-kahA~ taka hai aura kisa rUpa meM hai ina sabhI kA ullekha bhI AgamoM meM kiyA jAtA hai / 1 saMjJI jIva bhI kaI prakAra ke hote haiM / manuSya, tiryaMca, deva aura nArakI Adi moTe rUpa meM saMjJI haiM / anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI ina sabhI kI vyApakatA kA vivecana hai| ye loka meM sarvatra haiM / jahA~ taka gati hai, vahA~ taka jIva jAtA hai| loka antima lokAkAza taka isakA sthAna hai / vahA~ taka hI isakI sthiti hai 1 jIva kI nityatA jIva nitya hai; kyoMki vaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya rahatA hai / parantu kevala nitya yA anitya kA kathana jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM nahIM hai| jaina darzana kI dRSTi se jIva kisI apekSA se nitya hai aura kisI apekSA se anitya hai / 13 jIva nitya hI nahIM hai, yA anitya hI nahIM hai / vaha to nitya bhI hai-- sabhI paryAyoM kI apekSA se aura anitya bhI hai eka paryAya se dUsarI prApti ke kAraNa / jIva kI anAdinidhanatA jaina darzana jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla - ina chaH dravyoM ke samudAya ko saMsAra yA vizva yA loka kahatA hai| koI bhI dravya kama nahIM ho sktaa| sabhI kA apanA astitva hai| jIva kI anAdinidhanatA ke sAtha AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 133 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #172
I ajIva dravya kA bhI anAdinidhanapanA siddha hotA hai| jIva aura ajIva ke saMyogI tattva, dharma-dravya aura adharma-dravya haiM / ina dravyoM ke kAraNa hI jIva aura pudgala gati yA virAma ko prApta karate haiM / gati aura virAma hone para AtmA ko yA ajIva dravya ko sthAna bhI cAhie isalie sthAna pradAna karane vAlA dravya AkAza hI kAla kI kriyA, apanI gati aura sthiti ko inhIM dravyoM ke hone para banAye rakhatA hai T jIva kI vividha pramANoM se puSTi - jIva kA astitva aneka pramANoM se siddha hai / jIva svasaMvedana rUpa hai, aura svasaMvedana AtmA kA guNa hai| maiM hU~, isameM "maiM" zabda AtmA ke lie prayukta hotA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki "maiM" zabda AtmA kI nahIM, apitu zarIra kI puSTi karatA hai to yaha kathana tarka-saMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki maiM zarIra hU~ aisA prayoga kiyA hI nahIM jAtA hai| balki yaha kahA jAtA hai ki merA dhana hai, vaha merA zarIra hai / zarIra kA adhiSThAtA AtmA hai / yaha pramANa dvArA siddha hai / 64 1 anumAna dvArA bhI jIva kI siddhi kI jAtI hai| isa zarIra ko grahaNa karane vAlA koI na koI dravya hai; kyoMki yaha zarIra kapha, rudhira aGgopAMga Adi kA anna Adi kI taraha pariNAma mAtra hai| jaise anna ko grahaNa karane vAlA bhI koI dravya hai 1 vahI dravya jIva tattva hai, yA Atma tattva hai / 65 pRthvIkAya Adi meM jIva 1 jIva/ AtmA ke astitva kI taraha pRthvIkAya jIva, jalakAya jIva, agnikAya, vAyukAya aura vanaspatikAya meM bhI jIva haiM / isa jagata meM kaI prakAra ke jIva haiN| sabhI caitanya haiN| jisa taraha manuSya kA jIva nAnA prakAra ke karmodaya se choTe-bar3e AkAra ko grahaNa karatA hai, usI taraha pRthvI, jala Adi sUkSma jIvoM kI bhI nAnA prakAra kI AkRti hai / ataH ve sabhI caitanyaM sampanna haiM / 66 vRttikAra ne sarvatra pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu Adi ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karate hue usakI cetanA kA bhI vivecana, pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi kI dRSTi se pratipAdana kiyA hai| kaI vicAraka jalakAya ko cetanAzUnya mAnate haiM / usakA apalApa karate haiM / dUdha, ghI kI taraha usakA vivecana karate haiN| jisa taraha ghI, dUdha cetanA rahita hote haiM usI taraha jala bhI cetanArahita hai / unakA yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki upakaraNa mAtra se ve ajIva ho jAte haiM to hAthI Adi kI bhI savArI ke upakaraNa haiM isalie ve bhI ucita hone cAhie; kintu ve sacetana haiM usI taraha jalakAya upakaraNa hone para bhI sacetana hai / 134 AcArAGga- zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #173
jisa prakAra navIna garbha meM utpanna hAthI kA zarIra kalala avasthA meM drava rUpa hotA hai| kintu vaha sacetana hai, usI taraha drava rUpa jala bhI sacetana hai / sAta dina taka hAthI kA zarIra garbha meM kalala rUpa rahatA hai| bAda meM usameM kaThoratA AtI hai / to sAta dina taka kalala jisa taraha sacita samajhA jAtA hai usI prakAra dravyAtmaka jalakAya ko bhI sacita samajhanA cAhie tathA jisa prakAra aNDe meM rahA huA pAnI sacita hai usI taraha jala bhI sacita hai / 67 1 anumAna se jala kI prAmANikatA siddha kI gaI hai / cArvAka paJcabhUta tattvoM ko mAnatA hai / vaha paJcabhUtAtmaka zarIra meM hI caitanya guNa mAnatA hai / isake atirikta vaha kucha nahIM mAnatA hai| yaha kathana ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki paJcabhUta svayaM jar3a ataH ve caitanya kaise ho sakate haiM / 68 haiM jIva kA naya dRSTi se vivecana naya ke kaI bheda kiye jAte haiM / AcArya zIlAMka ne SaDkAya jIva ke vivecana ko naya dRSTi se bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai| unhoMne isI dRSTi se jJAna naya aura caraNa naya-- ina do nayoM kA vivecana karake jIva ke astitva kA vivecana kiyA hai / samanvaya ke AdhAra para jIva sambandhI do adhyavasAya nirmita hote haiM 9 - 1. jIva hai - yaha abheda pradhAna adhyavasAya hai / 2. jIva jJAnavAna hai - yaha bheda pradhAna adhyavasAya hai / 1 jIva meM caitanya nAma kA viziSTa guNa hotA hai jo ajIva meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| pratyeka jIva meM ananta dharma hote haiM, jinakA vivecana naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha tathA bhUtanaya - ina sAta nayoM kI apekSA se jIva kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| 70 jIva kA pramANa kI dRSTi se vivecana caitanya jIva kA svabhAva hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai / isalie vaha jJAna ko pramANa mAnatA hai / ajJAna ke abhAva se jJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai / isalie jJAna pramANa hai / jIva jJAna hai aura jJAna AtmA hai, AtmA se pRthak nahI haiM / ataH pramANa se bhI jIva hai| 1 I 1 jIva kI nikSepa vyavasthA vRttikAra ne sampUrNa vivecana ko nikSepa paddhati para kendrita karake samagra vivecana ko prastuta kiyA hai / nikSepa viziSTa zabda prayoga kI paddhati hai / jaise- - nAma jIva, sthApanA jIva, bhAva jIva, ise isa prakAra bhI kaha sakate haiM ki nAma manuSya, sthApanA manuSya dravya manuSya aura bhAva manuSya / 2 jIva hai, jIva rahegA yA jIva thA - yaha saba jIva ke nAma Adi nikSepa kA kathana karatA 1 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 135

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sat sat kI apekSA meM sattA sabhI jIvoM meM pAI jAtI hai / samyaktva guNa kevala anya jIvoM meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| sat saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpa bahutva se bhI jIva kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| sat sabhI padArthoM kI hotI hai / isalie jIva kI saMjJA hai / dravya guNa aura paryAya ,73 "guNaparyAyavad dravyam" arthAt dravya guNa paryAya vAlA hai / vRttikAra ne dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA vivecana karate hue kathana kiyA hai ki dravyoM ke Azrita guNa aura paryAya hote haiM / dravya meM jo pariNAma zakti pAI jAtI hai, vaha guNa kahalAtA hai| aura guNa janya pariNAma paryAya kahalAtA hai / guNa kAraNa hai, aura paryAya kArya hai / dravya paryAya ko chor3akara nahIM raha sakatA hai / isalie dravya utpAda, sthiti aura bhaMga ina tIna rUpa hai / 74 dravya guNa aura paryAya kA bheda aura abheda kI apekSA se bhI vRttikAra ne vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai / utpAda vyaya aura bhaMga jIva yA ajIva donoM hI dravya utpAda, sthiti aura bhaMga rUpa haiM / jIva kisa paryAya meM hai aura kisa paryAya ko prApta hogA, yahI utpAda, sthiti aura bhaMga rUpa vyavasthA pratyeka vastu ke sAtha ghaTita hotI hai / bAlaka ne janma liyA, yaha bAlaka rUpa janma, jIva kA utpatti honA aura jisa paryAya se AyA hai, vaha bhaMga rUpa jIva hai| jIva thA, jIva hai aura Age bhI rahegA, yaha jIva kI sthiti hai 1 jIva yA AtmA ke viSaya meM vividha dArzanikoM ke vicAra prastuta kiye gaye / unase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jIva kaI rUpa meM hai, usake kaI bheda haiM / usameM jJAna guNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai| jaina dArzanika dRSTi meM jIva caitanya hai, usakA guNa jJAna hai / yaha jJAna guNa Agantuka guNa nahIM hai apitu AtmA kA nija svabhAva hai / zIlAMkAcArya ne apanI vRtti meM jIva ke viSaya ko vibhinna rUpoM meM ghaTita karake usakI siddhi kI hai| jIva ke vibhAjana ko guNoM kI apekSA sAmAnya-vizeSa avayava - avayavI utpAda sthiti bhaMga bheda evaM abheda Adi kI dRSTi se bhI usakA vivecana kiyA hai / guNa kI apekSA se bhI usakA vivecana karate hue jIva ke kaI guNa prastuta kiye haiM / una guNoM ke anusAra unakA vistRta vivecana bhI AcArAMga vRtti meM kiyA gayA hai - (1) kSetra guNa, (2) kAla guNa, (3) phala guNa, (4) paryava guNa, (5) gaNanA guNa, (6) karaNa guNa, (7) abhyAsa guNa, (8) guNAguNa, (9) avaguNa, (10) bhavaguNa, (11) zIlaguNa, (12) bhAva gunn|75 bhAva guNa kI apekSA se aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, audayika aura pAriNAmika6 dRSTi se jIva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| 136 AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMsAra kI apekSA se bhI zIlAMkAcArya ne jIva ke vivecana ko kaI rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne jJAna aura darzana ina do upayoga ko hI AdhArabhUta viSaya banAkara jIva kA varNana kiyA hai| jJAna kI dRSTi se pA~ca jJAna aura karma kI dRSTi se bandha yoga jIvoM ke prakAzoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kaSAya kA Adi kI dRSTi se bhI jIva kA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| pramANa, naya, nikSepa Adi ko dArzanika dRSTi se viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko prakaTa karane ke lie AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| loka-vyavasthA loka zabda kA artha hai-saMsAra yA jgt| isa viSaya meM dArzanikoM kA apanA-apanA mata hai| sabhI ne saMsAra ko kisI ne kisI rUpa meM avazya mAnA hai| bauddha-darzana meM duHkha tattva kI pradhAnatA hai| saMsArI skandha kA nAma duHkha hai| pA~ca skandhoM se saMkSaraNa hotA hai| vijJAna, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura rUpa ye sabhI eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko tathA eka bhava se dUsare bhava ko jAte haiN| ataH saMkSaraNa dharmA yaha saMsAra hai / nyAya, vaizeSika-darzana jagata ko kartavya rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, unakA kahanA hai ki dRzyamAna jagata Izvara ke dvArA banAyA gayA hai| isa cara-acara rUpa jagata kA nirmANa tathA usakA saMhAra Izvara dvArA hotA hai| jaise-pRthvI, parvata, candra, sUrya, samudra, ghaTa Adi kisI na kisI buddhimAna ke dvArA banAe gae haiN| isI taraha jagata bhI banAyA hai| sAMkhya aura yoga darzana jagata ko mAnate haiN| ve ise saMsaraNa rUpa kahate haiN| saMsAra janma aura maraNa rUpa hai| isI taraha anya darzana bhI isa viSaya meM apane vicAra vyakta karate haiN| __jaina-darzana kI dRSTi se jagata cha: dravyoM kA samudAya hai| arthAt jahA~ jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla-ina chaH dravyoM kA samudAya hai vaha jagata hai, vizva yA loka isI ko kahate haiN| jaina darzana kA jagata kisI Izvara dvArA nahIM banAyA gayA hai, vaha svataHsiddha hai| jIva aura ajIva dravyoM ke sAtha dharma-adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina dravyoM kA bhI astitva rahatA hai| inameM se eka bhI dravya ke abhAva hone para saMsAra nahIM rhegaa| loka kA svarUpa - "lokayatIti lokaH"82 . arthAta jahA~ dravya Adi kA avalokana kiyA jAtA hai use loka kahate haiN| AkAza ke jitane pradeza haiM, jIva pudgala Adi SaDdravyoM kA jahA~ avalokana hotA hai vahA~ taka loka hotA hai / arthAt SaDdravyoM ke samudAya ko loka kahate haiM / AcArAMga sUtra ke loka viSaya adhyayana meM jIva ke astitva kI taraha loka ke astitva ko svIkAra karane ke uparAnta loka kA eka nayA hI svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 137 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jo zabda Adi ke viSaya haiM, ve saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa haiN| jo saMsAra ke mUla kAraNa haiM, ve viSaya haiN| merI mAtA, mere pitA, mere bhAI, merI bahina, merI patnI, merI putrI, merI putravadhU, mere mitra, mere svajana, mere kuTumbI, mere paricita, mere hAthI-ghor3e-makAna Adi sAdhana, merI dhana-sampatti, merA khAnadAna, mere vastra Adi sabhI prapaJca mere haiM / isa taraha kI Asakti kA nAma loka hai| '3 mAtA-pitA Adi kA sambandha bAhya loka hai / bAhya loka se Asakti mamatA, sneha, vaira, ahaMkAra Adi jo bhAva utpanna hotA hai, vaha Abhyantara saMsAra hai / isa taraha yaha saMsAra do prakAra kA hai / dravya saMsAra aura bhAva saMsAra kI apekSA se bhI saMsAra ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM 1 vRttikAra ne loka ko prANiyoM kA samUha bhI kahA hai, isalie unhoMne "loka" prANigaNaH aise zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / 4 eka, do, tIna, cAra aura paJcendriya jIva rAzi kA jahA~ sthAna hai, use bhI loka kahA hai / 85 loka kA mahattva - jaina, vaidika aura bauddha darzana Adi ne loka ko jisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, vaha Aja ke Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ko bhI mAnya haiN| sabhI kI mAnyatAe~ bhinna-bhinna hotI huI bhI kucha aMzoM meM milatI haiM / loka kA AkAra-prakAra jaina aura vaidika bhUgola kAphI aMzoM meM milatA hai| viSNu purANa meM cUr3I ke AkAra kA loka batalAyA hai| jo eka dvIpa se anya dvIpa kI apekSA vistAra vAle haiN| bauddha mata meM bhI jisa loka kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha bhI valayAkAra hI hai|86 jaina darzana meM ise Urdhva loka, madhya loka aura adholoka ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara isakA AkAra valayAkAra batalAyA hai / AcArAMga vRttikAra ne loka arthAt saMsAra ke viSaya meM alaga-alaga dRSTi se prakAza ddaalaa| bheda kI upekSA se usake do bheda kiye haiM---dravya loka aura bhAva loka / sambandha kI apekSA se bAhya saMsAra aura Abhyantara saMsAra - ye do bheda kiye haiM / dravya kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva kI apekSA se saMsAra ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiM / 7 karma kI apekSA se dravya karma aura bhAva karmarUpa saMsAra mAnA hai / kaSAya kI apekSA se cAra prakAra kA saMsAra mAnA hai / " isa prakAra saMsAra arthAt loka ke viSaya meM vRttikAra ne loka vijaya adhyayana meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai 1 loka arthAt vizva chaH dravyoM ke samudAya ko mAnA gayA hai| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla - ye chaH dravya sabhI AgamoM meM pratipAdita ki gae haiN| jIva caitanya yukta hai / usakI nAnA yoniyA~ haiM / ajIva arthAt pudgala 138 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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amUrta hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha, varNa, sparza inameM pAyA jAtA hai| isakA svabhAva galanA, milanA, miTanA Adi rUpa hai / dharma, dravya, jIva aura pudgaloM ko calane meM sahAyaka hai aura adharma dravya jIva aura pudgala ko sthiti pradAna karatA hai / AkAza dravya sthAna detA hai aura kAla parAvartana meM kAraNa banatA hai| loka kI zAzvata sthiti hai| usakA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA hai / koI bhI dravya kama nahIM hotA hai| sabhI eka dUsare ke upakAra ko karane vAlI haiM arthAt jaina darzana meM loka kA ukta svarUpa bhI hai / vRttikAra ne loka vijaya adhyayana meM jIva tattva kI pradhAnatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara usakA vivecana kiyA hai / pramANa sabhI dArzanika pramANa ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya mAnate haiM / jaina darzana paramparA meM " sva-parAvabhAsI jJAna" ko pramANa batalAyA hai / 89 AcArya siddhasena ne yahI paribhASA dI hai| unhoMne kahA hai jo sva-para- prakAzI aura bAdha varjita jJAna hai vaha pramANa hai / arthAt jisake dvArA artha kA jJAna ho, vaha pramANa hai / saMzaya aura viparyaya pramANa nahIM haiM / bauddha, naiyAyika, sAMkhya, vaizeSika Adi dArzanikoM ne pramANa sambandhI paribhASA dI hai| bauddha darzana meM avisamvAdi jJAna ko pramANa mAnA hai / deg naiyAyikoM ne arthopalabdhi ke hetu ko pramANa mAnA hai / " paNDita kailAzacanda zAstrI ne jaina nyAya meM pramANa ke vividha lakSaNoM ke bAda samyaka jJAna ko pramANa kahA hai| 92 vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya ne pramANa ko samyak mAnA hai / 193 pramANa kA phala jaina darzana jJAna ko pramANa kA phala mAnA gayA hai / vRttikAra ne jJAna ke vividha saqala padArthoM kA jJAna karAne vAlA kahA hai / 4 yaha ajJAna kI nivRtti meM kAraNa hotA hai / isalie jJAna ko pramANa kA phala mAnA gayA hai / 1 pramANa ke bheda mUlata: pramANa ke do bheda haiM- pratyakSa aura parokSa / 15 anya dArzanikoM ne pramANoM ke bheda isa prakAra mAne haiN| mImAMsaka ne - ( 1 ) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna, (3) Agama, (4) upamAna, (5) arthApatti aura (6) abhAva -- ye chaH bheda mAne haiN| naiyAyika ne (1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna aura (3) zabda - ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnA hai| vaizeSika aura bauddha do pramANa mAnate haiM - ( 1 ) pratyakSa aura (2) anumAna, tathA cArvAka eka pratyakSa pramANa ko hI mAnatA hai / 96 vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya ne bhI pramANa ke do bheda kiye haiM - ( 1 ) pratyakSa pramANa aura (2) parokSa pramANa / 17 pRthvIkAya ke vivecana meM vRttikAra ne pratyakSa aura parokSa AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 139 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha kahA hai ki vyakti kI pratyeka kriyA kA 'parokSa yA pratyakSa rUpa se avazya dUsare para asara par3atA hai| pratyakSa jJAna aura parokSa jJAna-ye do zabda prayoga kiye haiN|988 mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna-ye pA~ca jJAna hI pramANa haiN|99 inameM se Adi ke do jJAna parokSa haiM aura zeSa tIna jJAna pratyakSa haiN| isake atirikta mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha bhI pramANa ke viSaya haiN| ina pramANoM ke bhedoM ko nimna rekhAMkita citra se samajhA jA sakatA hai| pramANa parokSa pratyakSa mana:paryaya. kevala mati zruta avadhi (smRti, saMjJA , cintA, abhinibodha) bbaav ai avaMgraha IhA avAya dhAraNA pramANa kA eka anya rekhAMkita citra pramANa pratyakSa parokSa sAvyavahArika mukhya manaHparyaya kevala smRti pratyabhijJAna tarka anumAna, Agama avagraha IhA avAya dhAraNA 140 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAmANya aura aprAmANya jaina darzana meM parata:jJAna ko anyAsa dazA kahA gayA hai aura zrutaH jJAna ko abhyAsa dazA mAnA gayA hai / prAmANya aura aprAmANya kI utpatti ina donoM se hI hotI hai / prAmANya jJAna avisaMvAdi hotA hai / aprAmANya jJAna vizsaMvAdi hotA hai / pramANa vastu ke aneka aMzoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| isameM avayava aura avayavI donoM hI pAye jAte haiN| yaha pratyakSa aura parokSa jJAna ke ke kAraNa do prakAra kA hai isameM mithyA jJAna ko sthAna nahIM diyA jAtA hai / yaha mithyA jJAnoM kA nirAkaraNa karane vAlA hai 1 1 anumAna yaha darzana zAstra kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aGga hai / AgamoM meM kathana kiyA gayA hai ki jo jJAna matipUrvaka hotA hai vaha anumAna hai| isake do aGga --- sAdhya aura sAdhana haiN| isake do bheda bhI kiye jAte haiM - svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAna / sUtra kRtAMga meM ajJamanaH aura parataH ye do jJAna ke sAdhana batalAye gaye haiM / 100 jala kI sacetanA siddha karane ke lie vRttikAra ne anumAna kA sahArA liyA hai tathA Atmasiddhi ke lie bhI anumAna ko AdhAra bnaayaa| unhoMne pratipAdana kiyA hai ki zarIra ko grahaNa karane vAlA koI na koI dravya hai; kyoMki yaha zarIra kapha, rudhira, aGgopAMga Adi kA pariNAma mAtra hai / anna Adi kI taraha / jaise anna ko grahaNa karane vAlA koI na koI hai| vaise zarIra ko grahaNa karane vAlA koI dravya hai / 101 anumAna ke vividha avayavoM kA prayoga jaina dArzanikoM ne anekAnta dRSTi se vyakta kiyA hai jise nimna prakAra nirdiSTa kiyA jA rahA hai-- pratijJA udAharaNa pratijJA hetu udAharaNa avayava pratijJA AcArAGga - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana dRSTAnta upasaMhAra nigamana pratijJA pratijJA vizuddhi hetu hetu vizuddhi dRSTAnta dRSTAnta vizuddhi upasaMhAra upasaMhAravizuddhi nigamana nigamana vizuddhi For Personal & Private Use Only pratijJA pratijJA vibhakti hetu hetu vibhakti vipakSa pratiSedha dRSTAnta AzaMkA tatpratiSedha nigamana 141

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isake atirikta anumAna ke anya kaI bhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai jaise(1) pUrvavat (2) zeSavat, (3) kAryeNa (kArya), (4) kAraneNa (kAraNa), (5) gurNeNa ( guNa se), (6) avayaveNa (avayava se), (7) AzrayeNa (Azraya se) / Agama sAhitya meM anumAna evaM pramANa Adi kA vizada vivecana milatA hai 1 nikSepa dRSTi se dravya pramANa, kSetra pramANa, kAla pramANa aura bhAva pramANa kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / anumAna hI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai 1 naya vivecana nAmAdi kA nyasan arthAt nayasta, pramANa aura naya ke mAdhyama se kiyA jAtA hai / pramANa, naya aura nikSepa - ina tIna tattvoM kI vyAkhyA karane vAle pramukha kAraNa haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki umAsvAti ne tattvArtha sUtra meM inheM upAya tattva ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| AcArya siddhasena evaM anya dArzanikoM ne bhI ina pramukha binduoM ko AdhAra banAkara vastu tattva kA vivecana kiyA hai / zIlAMkAcArya ne AcArAMga sUtra kI vRtti ke prArambhika vivecana meM anuyoga dvAra ko mUla kendrabindu banAkara dArzanika yuga kI vicAradhArA ke anurUpa pramANa, naya aura nikSepa ke AdhAra para vastu tattva kA vivecana karane kA vidhAna batalAyA hai 1 upakrama, nikSepa, anugama aura naya mUla rUpa se anuyoga ke pramakha cAra dvAraM haiM / 102 Agama yuga kA jaina darzana kA vivecana AgamoM ko pramANa mAnakara paNDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne naya nirUpaNa meM ukta kathana prastuta kiyA hai ! nAmAdi kA vyasana tIna prakAra se hotA hai / audya nispanna, nAma nispanna aura sUtrAlApaka nispanna, ina nyAsa ke atirikta nikSepa anugama aura naya anuyoga dvAra ke mUla sthAna haiN| pramANa kI dRSTi se ye pRthak nahIM haiM apitu upakrama ke hI bheda haiM / naya kA svarUpa vRttikAra ne vyutpatti ke mAdhyama se n2aya kA svarUpa isa taraha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki jo ananta dharmoM ke adhyavasAya se vastu ke eka-eka dharma ko sAtha lekara calatA hai yA usakA vizleSaNa karatA hai, aisA jJAna vizeSa naya hai / 104 jJAna vizeSa se vRttikAra kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jo kucha bhI kathana kiyA jAtA hai vaha vastu ke aneka dharmoM kI vAstavikatA ko lekara hI pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai; kyoMki naya sUtroM ke avayavoM kA sApekSa dRSTi se nirUpaNa karatA hai / isameM uddezya, nirdeza, nirgama, kSetra, kAla aura puruSa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / kAraNa pratyayoM se yukta naya anugama ko prApta hotA hai| anugama meM sUtra kA anugama, sUtra kA uccAraNa Adi hotA hai / anugama, nikSepa niryukti rUpa hai| upodghAta niryukti rUpa hai, aura sUtra sparzika niryukti rUpa bhI hai| naya sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI avasthA ko bhI liye hue hotA hai / 105 142 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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naya kI saMkhyA vRttikAra ne saptanaya kA nirdeza kiyA hai| unake nAma nahIM ginAye haiM / yadyapi naya mUla rUpa se do dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika haiM 107 evaM (1) nizcaya-naya aura (2) vyavahAra-naya1deg8 Agama dRSTi se AcAryoM ne pratipAdita kiye haiM / naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, Rju sUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaM bhUta- ye sAta naya sarvatra prApta hote haiM, jinheM vRttikAra ne svayaM sapanA kI saMjJa kI saMjJA se pratipAdita kiyA hai / naya adhyAtmanaya (de. cArTa naM. 2) dravyArthika .106 para apara para jJAnanaya arthanaya arthanaya zabdanaya apara paryAyArthika Agama zAstrIya (de. naya 1/2) (de. cArTa naM. 2) naigama saMgraha vyavahAra RjusUtra zabda samabhirUr3ha evaMbhUta dravye dravyAropaNa dravye guNAropaNa dravye paryAyAropaNa . sUkSma sthUla naya (de. naya / III/ 2) AcArAGga - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana sadbhUta guNe dravyAropaNa guNe guNAropaNa zuddha azuddha svajAti vi jAti ubhaya (de. upacAra) paryAyAropaNa paryAye dravyAropaNa paryAye guNAropaNa paryAye paryAyAropaNa Agamanaya For Personal & Private Use Only upanaya (de. naya/5/4/8) upacati asadbhUta 143

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rekhAcitra na. 2 naya adhyAtma (de. naya/4) Agama (de. naya/4) nizcaya vyavahAra dravyArthika paryAyArthika (de.. naya/4/4) zuddha azuddha sadbhUta asadbhUta anAdi sAdi nitya 1. upacarita 1. upacarita svabhAva nitya 2. anupacarita 2. anupcrit| svabhAva anitya karmopAdhi nirapekSa zuddha karmopAdhi nirapekSa utpAdavyaya goNa sattA grAhaka zuddha svabhAva anitya bheda kalpanA nirapekSa zuddha karmopAdhi sApekSa karmopAdhi sApekSa azuddha svabhAva anitya utpAdavyaya sApekSa sattA grAhaka azuddha bheda kalpanA sApekSa azuddha anvaya sApekSa svadravyAdi catuSTaya grAhaka . paradravyAdika catuSTaya grAhaka paramabhAva grAhaka saMkalpa mAtra . na ekaM gAmo bhAvI vartamAna dravya paryAya dravyaM paryAya zuddha azuddha arthaparyAya vyaMjana paryAya arthavyaMjana paryAya -zuddha dravya artha paryAya -azuddha dravya artha paryAya -zuddha dravya vyaMjana paryAya -azuddha dravya vyaMjana paryAya 144 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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nayoM ke mUla nirdeza mUlataH naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUta, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura bhUta-ye sAta naya pratipAdita kiye jAte haiN|109 viSaya vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se naya ke anya bheda bhI kiye jAte haiM, jaise-dravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthika ny| nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya, dravyanaya aura bhAva naya, sabhI naya jaina darzana kI anekAnta dRSTi ko prastuta karate haiN| AcAryoM ne sabhI madoM kI apekSA se inheM bhinna rUpa meM prastuta kiye haiN| (1) jJAna naya (2) caraNa naya jJAna naya meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura caraNa naya meM cAritra kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jJAna naya mokSa kA sAdhana hai, jisameM hita, ahita para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| caraNa naya meM anvaya, vyatireka kI dRSTi se samasta padArthoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| jJAna meM sampUrNa vastuoM ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki cAritra meM aisA nahIM hai / 110 nikSepa jaina siddhAnta meM pramANa aura naya kI taraha nikSepa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zIlaMka AcArya ne AcArAMga vRtati kA samagra vivecana nikSepa paddhati para hI kiyA hai; kyoMki unake sAmane ekamAtra vikalpa yahI thA ki ve acchI taraha se anubhava karate hoMge ki nikSepa arthAt dharohara yA nyAsa, vastu meM bheda karane kA upAya hai| isameM saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita vastu ko nAma Adi dvArA kSepaNa kiyA jAtA hai| vRttikAra ne isakI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai ki yuktimArga se prayojanavaza jo vastu ko nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi kI dRSTi se kSepaNa kareM use nikSepa kahate haiN|111 nikSepa kA anya nAma upakramAnI vyAcI khyAsita yA nyasana bhI kiyA gayA hai| nikSepa ko niSpanna bhI kahA hai| niSpanna ke tIna bheda kiye haiN| 12 1. ogha-niSpanna, 2. nAma-niSpanna, 3. sUtrAlApaka-niSpanna augha-nispanna meM aGga granthoM ke adhyayana Adi kA sAmAnya nyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| nAma-nispanna meM AcAra, zastra parijJA Adi vizeSa nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| sUtrAlApaka nispanna meM sUtrazailI ke kathana ko nAma, sthApanA, dravya, bhAva Adi ke rUpa meM rakhA jAtA hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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nikSepa ke prakAra AgamoM meM nikSepa ke mUla rUpa se cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM--913 1. nAma-nikSepa-padArtha kA nAmAzrita vyavahAra 2. sthApanA-nikSepa-padArtha kA AkArAzrita vyavahAra 3. dravya-nikSepa-padArtha kA bhUta aura bhAvI paryAyAzrita vyavahAra 4. bhAva-nikSepa-padArtha kA vartamAna paryAyAzrita vyavahAra AcArAMga vRttikAra ne nikSepa ke (1) nAma (2) sthApanA (3) dravya (4) kSetra (5) kAla aura (6) bhAva kI apekSA se chaH bheda kiye haiN| 14 * dizA kI apekSA se sAta nikSepa isa prakAra pratipAdita kiye haiM. (1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, (3) dravya, (4) kSetra, (5) tApa, (6) prajJApaka aura (7) bhAva / 15 __loka kI dRSTi se nikSepa ke ATha bheda kiye haiM- . (1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, (3) dravya, (4) kSetra, (5) kAla, (6) bhAva, (7) bhAva aura (8) paryAya / 16 isI taraha nikSepa ke anya bheda AgamoM meM kiye jAte haiN| vargaNA kI dRSTi se bhI nikSepa ke cha: bheda kiye gaye haiM (1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, (3) dravya, (4) kSetra, (5) kAla aura (6) bhaav| isa taraha vRttikAra kI dRSTi nikSepa ke bhedoM ko pratipAdita karane ke lie jisa rUpa ko prApta huI hai usase yahI patA calatA hai ki ve mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ko sarvavyApI banAne ke lie isa taraha kI paddhati ko apanAte rahe haiN| unhoMne isI prasaMga meM yaha kathana kiyA hai ki loka janma kA mUla sthAna hai| mUla kaSAya hai, jise naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura deva paryAya kI prApti hotI hai / 117 isI loka vijaya adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM nikSepa ke 16 bheda bhI ginAye haiM, jaise--(1) nAma, (2) sthApanA, (3) dravya, (4) kSetra, (5) kAla, (6) bhava, (7) bhAva, (8) gamana, (9) karaNa, (10) abhyAsa, (11) guNAguNa, (12) avaguNa guNa, (13) anuguNa, (14) zIlaguNa, (15) paryAya guNa aura (16) rUpa guNa18 ityaadi| nikSepa ko nimna rekhAMkita citra se samajhA jA sakatA hai 146 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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nikSepa / dravya / kSetra / kAla nAma sthApanA bhAva jAti dravya guNa kriyA Agama no Agama asadabhAva sadabhAva upayukta tatpariNata saMmavAya saMyoga akSa varATaka eka jIva - 1 1. kASTha karma 1. sthita nAnA jIva - 2 2. citra karma 2. jita eka ajIva - 3 3. potaM karma 3. parijita nAnA ajIva - 4 4. lepya karma 4. vacanopagata eka jIva - 5 - 5. layana karma 5. sUtrasama eka ajIva eka jIva - 6 6. zaila karma 6. arthasama nAnA ajIva nAnA ajIva - 7 7. gRha karma 7. granthasama eka ajIva nAnA jIva -8 8. bhitti karma 8. nAma sama nAnA ajIva 9. danta karma 9. ghoSa sama 10. bheMDa karma bhaMga vyavasthA jaina darzana meM pratyeka vastu vivecana ke lie bhaMga ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| eka saMkhyA rUpa prakRtiyoM meM prakRtiyoM kA badalanA bhaMga kahalAtA hai| athavA saMkhyA bheda kara ekatva meM prakRti bheda ke dvArA bhaMga hotA hai| 19 bhaMga ke kaI nAma haiM, jaise-aMza, bhAga, paryAya, hAra, vidha, prakAra, bheda, cheda aadi| __bhaMga kA artha sthiti aura utpatti kA avinAbhAvI vastu vinAza hai| jisake dvArA vihita arthAt nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai| vaha aGga vidhi kahalAtI hai jahA~ jude-jude bhAva kahe jAte haiM vahA~ bhaMga hotA hai / 120 AcArAMga sUtra meM sarvatra bhaMga vyavasthA ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, jaise1. jIva svataH nitya hai, kAla se 2. jIva svataH anitya hai, kAla se 3. jIva parata: nitya hai, kAla se AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 147 For Personal & Private Use Only

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4. jIva parataH anitya hai, kAla se AcArAMga ke mUla sUtra meM bhI yahI vyavasthA apanAI gaI hai,122 jaise-- 1. maiMne kiyA, 2. maiMne karAyA, 3. maiMne karate hue ko anumodana diyA, 4 . maiM karatA hU~, 5. maiM karavAtA hU~, 6. maiM karate hue ko anumodana detA hU~, 7. maiM karU~gA 8. maiM karAU~gA, 9. maiM karate hue ko anumodana dU~gA / padArtha tyAga nirUpaNa sambandhI bhaMga vyavasthA isa prakAra dI gaI hai - 123 1. pUrvotthAyI no pazcAnnipAtI, 2. pUrvotthAyI pazcAnnipAtI, 3. no pUrvotthAyI pazcAnnipAtI, 4. no pUrvotthAyI no pazcAnnipAtI / prathama bhaMga kA artha yaha hai ki kitane hI sAdhaka saMsAra kI aMsAratA ko jAnakara dharma kI ArAdhanA karane ke lie cAritra mArga aGgIkAra karate haiM aura use yAvajjIvana yathAvata pAlate haiM / ve siMha ke samAna hI saMsAra se niSkramaNa karate haiM aura siMha ke samAna hI dRr3hatA se saMyama kA pAlana karate haiM / ve prabala - bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI cAritra svIkAra karate haiM aura tadanantara bhI zraddhA saMvegAdi dvArA vardhamAna pariNAma rakhate hue jIvanaparyanta prabala bhAvanA se hI yathAvata pAlana karate haiM / isa bhaMga meM gaNadharAdi kA samAveza hotA hai / yaha tyAga samajhapUrvaka aura sahaja hotA hai / dvitIya bhaMga kA artha yaha hai ki koI sAdhaka prathama to ujjvala pariNAmoM se dIkSA aGgIkAra karate haiM lekina pazcAt ve karma kI pariNati se hIyamAna pariNAma vAle hokara sAdhanA se gira jAte haiN| ve tyAga meM yAvajjIvana nahIM Tikate haiN| dIkSAM prasaMga para vardhamAna pariNAma hote haiM, lekina bAda meM parISaha evaM upasargAdi se vyAkula hone se athavA pUrvAbhyAsoM kI prabalatA hone se saMyama ke prati aruci paidA ho jAtI hai aura aise sAdhaka pravrajyA se patita ho jAte haiN| aise sAdhaka prathama to siMha ke samAna vIratA ke sAtha saMsAra se nikalate haiM aura pazcAt mohodaya se gIdar3a ke samAna kAyara bana jAte haiM / pUrvAbhyAsoM kA asara manovRttiyoM para bahuta adhika par3A huA rahatA hai| yadi sAdhaka apanI saMyama sAdhanA meM jarA bhI asAvadhAna rahatA hai to pUrvAbhyAsoM ko vega mila jAtA hai aura ve sAdhaka ko punaH saMsAra kI ora khIMcate haiM / asAvadhAna sAdhaka barAbara saMsAra kI ora khiMcatA calA jAtA hai| isake lie nandISeNa kA dRSTAnta vartamAna hai| prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai patana jaba zurU hotA hai to vaha na jAne kahA~ jAkara rukatA hai? patanonmukha prANI kA saba ora se patana hotA hai / U~cA car3hA huA vyakti jaba giratA hai to use vizeSa coTa lagatI hai, aura vaha adhika nIce giratA hai| yahI hAla saMyama se girane vAloM kA hai, saMyama se patita hone ke sAtha hI 1 148 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAtha kaI vyakti darzana samyaktva se bhI bhraSTa ho jAte haiN| yaha unake patana kI utkRSTatA hai| isake lie goSThAmAhila kA udAharaNa samajhanA cAhie / 1 tRtIya bhaMga abhAva rUpa hai / ataeva sUtra meM usakA grahaNa nahIM hai / tIsare bhaMga kA artha hai prathama utthita nahIM hote haiM aura bAda meM girate haiM / yaha asaMbhava hai, jisakA utthAna nahIM usakA patana kyA ho sakatA hai / 124 patana usI kA hotA hai jisakA prathama utthAna huA ho| utthAna ke hone para patana kI cintA ho sakatI hai| sUrya udaya hotA hai to usakA asta bhI hotA hai / jisakA udaya hI nahIM, usakA asta kyA hogA ? dharmI ke hone para hI dharma kA vicAra ho sakatA hai| jaba dharmI (guNI) hI nahIM to dharma (guNa) kahA~ se ho sakatA hai ? jisane pravrajyA aGgIkAra nahIM kI vaha pravrajyA se patita kaise hogA ? ataeva yaha tRtIya bhaMga asad rUpa hone se sUtra meM nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai / caturtha bhaMga "no pUrvotthAyI no pazcAnnipAtI" hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jisane na to saMyama aGgIkAra kiyA hai aura na jo saMyama se patita hai / aise gRhastha ityAdika aviratI hai| sampUrNa virati ke abhAva se gRhastha prathama bhI utthita nahIM hai aura pazcAt patanazIla bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki utthAna ke bAda hI patana hotA hai / 125 zraddhA sambandhI cAra bhaMga isa prakAra haiM-- 126 * 1. prathama zraddhAlu aura pIche bhI zraddhAlu, 2. prathama zraddhAlu aura pIche azraddhAlu, 3. prathama azraddhAlu aura pIche zraddhAlu, 4. prathama azraddhAlu aura pIche bhI azraddhAlu / .: aSTama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM vidhi aura niSedha kI apekSA se bhaMga vyavasthA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| 127 jaina darzana kA samagra vivecana vidhi aura niSedha para AdhArita hai / vastu kI mukhyatA aura gauNatA donoM hI isake antargata kiye jAte haiN| vidhi aura niSedha mukhya aura gauNa syAdvAda kA pratipAdya viSaya hai / syAdvAda syAd aura vAda, ina do zabdoM se syAdvAda zabda banA hai| syAd ke anekAnta, vidhi, vicAra Adi aneka artha haiM / anekAnta kA artha hI yahA~ grahaNa karane yogya hai, jisameM kvacita aura kadAcit artha kA samAveza hai / sambhava yA saMzaya ko isameM sthAna nahIM diyA jAtA hai / anekAnta ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna hai| isalie " syAt" zabda hI nizcita artha vAlA hai| saMbhAvanA aura sApekSatA usake sAtha jur3e hue haiM / 128 . syAdvAda anekAntamayI vastu kA kathana karane kI paddhati hai| kisI bhI eka zabda yA vAkya ke dvArA sArI kI sArI vastu kA yugapata kathana karanA azakya hone se prayojanavaza kabhI eka dharma ko mukhya karake kathana karate haiM aura kabhI dUsare ko / AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 149 For Personal & Private Use Only

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mukhya dharma ko sunate hue zrotA ko anya dharma bhI gauNa rUpa se svIkAra hote haiN| unakA niSedha na hone pAve, isa prayojana se anekAntavAdI apane pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha "syAt" yA kathaMcit zabda kA prayoga karatA hai / 129 syAtvAda ko bhijjavAda 3deg aura bhaMjanAvAda131 bhI kahA gayA hai| saptabhaMgI praznakAra ke praznavaza anekAntasvarUpa vastu ke pratipAdana ke sAta hI bhaMga hote haiM na to prazna sAta se kama aura na adhika ho sakate haiN| AcArya zIlAMka deva ne jahA~ bhaMga kI vyavasthA ke lie cAra vikalpa diye haiM vahA~ vastu tattva ke viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie nimna prakAra se saptabhaMgI vyavasthA dvArA vastu ke svarUpa ko samajhAyA hai| 1. apratyupekSitamapramArjitama-prati lekhana kiyA ho, pramArjana nhiiN| 2. pratyupekSitamapramArjitam-pramArjana kiyA ho, pratilekhana nhiiN| 3. apratyupekSitaM pramArjitaM-pratilekhana, pramArjana donoM na kiye hoN| * 4. duSpratyupekSitaM duSpramArjitaM-duSpatilekhita aura duSpramArjita ho| .. 5. duSpatyupekSitaM supramArjitaM-duSpatilekhita aura supramArjita ho / 6. supratyupekSitaM duSSamArjitaM-supratilekhita aura duSSamArjita ho| 7. supratyupekSitaM supramArjitaM-supratilekhita aura supramArjita ho| AgamoM meM tIna bhaMgoM kI pradhAnatA hai--(1) asti, (2) nAsti aura (3) avktvy| AcArAMga vRttikAra ne sAta bhaMga diye haiN| vyAkhyA prajJapti meM sAta bhaMgoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai / 133 isa taraha nirapekSa aura sApekSa dRSTi syAdvAda bhI hai| Agama yuga kI apanI paramparA rahI hai, jisa paramparA ne bauddhika jagata ko sadaiva gatizIlatA pradAna kI hai| vastu svarUpaM ke pratipAdana karane ke lie naye-naye pakSoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vastu svarUpa se sambandhita samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie tarkapUrNa zailI ko apanAyA hai| AcArAMga vRttikAra ne Agama yuga ke prathama aGga Agama AcArAMga sUtra para apanI dArzanika ciMtana kI sUjhabUjha ko hara sUtra ke sAtha rakhA hai| ciMtana ke lie unhoMne dArzanika jagata kI jina zailiyoM ko apanAyA hai, usameM nikSepa zailI mahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| isa zailI ke AdhAra para jJAna kI prAmANikatA, AtmA kI siddhi evaM praznottara kI dRSTi ne viSaya kI gambhIratA ko adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| zIlAMkAcArya ke sampUrNa dArzanika vivecana meM darzana ke sabhI pakSa dekhe jA sakate haiN| pramANa kA svarUpa, naya ke vividha rUpa, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI vyavasthA Adi kA cintana svataMtra anusaMdhAna ke viSaya ko prerita karatA hai| parantu yaha hamArA pratipAdya viSaya na hone se isakI kevala jAnakArI mAtra hI dI gaI hai| isakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina nyAya ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna de skegaa| 000 150 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. parIkSAmukha 3 / 99 2. rAdhAkRSNa, bhAratIya darzana, pRSTha 21 3. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR. 35 4. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 13 5. 6. 7. muni rAkeza kumAra bhAratIya darzana ke pramukhavAda 8. AcArya haribhadra SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 34-35 9. AcArya haribhadra, pR. 646 (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2-3, prArambhika vivecana (kha) AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 2-3 11. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. gAthA, 10. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 26. 27. 28: 29. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 19 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 11 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra 3 (ka) AcArAMga vRtti (kha) AcArAMga sUtra AcArAMga sUtra naM. 1 AcArAMga sUtra 5/5 AcArAMga sUtra 1 / 5 AcArAMga sUtra 2 / 2 AcArAMga sUtra 2/3 AcArAMga sUtra 2/4 AcArAMga sUtra 3 / 1 20. AcArAMga sUtra 3/4 21. chAndogya upa. a. 6 khaM. 1, R 3 22. muNDaka upa. a. 1, khaM. 2, R 3 23. AcArAMga sUtra 3/4 24. AcArAMga sUtra 4 / 2 25. AcArAMga sUtra 5/5 AcArAMga sUtra 6 / 1 AcArAMga sUtra 8 / 1 - - sandarbha grantha AcArAMga sUtra 1/6 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 111 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 151

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30. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 150 31. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 111 AhArArtha karma kuryAdanindyaM, syAdAhAraH prANasaMdhAraNArtham / prANAdhAryAstatva jisanAyaM tatvaM jJeyaM yena bhUyo na bhUyAt / / 32. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 110, 111, 112 33. AcArAMga sUtra 3/3 34. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 112 35. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 112 6. dhammapada, 380 "attA hi attano nAtho attAhi attano gati / / tasmA saMjamaya' tANaM assaM bhadaM va vANijo // " 37. AcArAMga sUtra saM. saubhAgya muni, pR. 255 38. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 151 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 124 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 124 41. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 11 42. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti 5/3 (kha) AcArAMga sUtra 5/3 43. vyAkhyA prajJapti 2/1 44. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 47 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 5-8 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 8 47. AcArAMga vRtti, pR.8 48. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 17 49. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 132 50. haribhadra sari SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 211 51. AyAra suttaM 1/28 52. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 19, 20 53. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 23 (kha) umAsvAti - tatvArtha sUtra a. 2/1 54. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 124 55. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 124 56. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 33 57. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 33 58. (ka) pravacanasAra jJAnAdhikAra gAthA 16, 17, 18 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 34 59. tarka saMgraha, pR. 8 "jJAnAdhikaraNamAtmA" 152 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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60. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 31 "jIvA aNegA" 61. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 47 62. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 32 63. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 32 64. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 30 65. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 30 66. AcArAMga sUtra 1/2/3 67. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 52, (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 30, 31 68. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 52 69. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 53 / / 70. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 53 se 55 taka 71. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 54 72. muni nathamala - jaina nyAya kA vikAsa, pR. 59, 60 73. (ka) tatvArtha sUtra saM. na. 37 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 57 74. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 57 75. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 57 76. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 58, 59 77. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 64 se 72 taka 78. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 75 se 77 taka 79. SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR. 40 .80. vahI, pR. 78, 79 81. vAhI pR. 154 . 82. AcArAMgaM vRtti, pR. 23 83. AcArAMga sUtra 2/1 . 84. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 25 vahI, pR. 23 86. vistAra ke lie dekheM-jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR. 431 se 491 87. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 61 . 88. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 61 89. AcArya samantabhadra vRhat svayambhUstotra, pR. 63 90. AcArya dharmakIrti pramANa vArtika 3 .. 91. nyAya vArtika 92. zAstrI kailAzacandra jaina nyAya, pR. 45 93. * AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 44 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 153 For Personal & Private Use Only

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94. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 123 95. tatvArtha sUtra 1/11-12 96. jaina nyAya, pR. 110 97. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 44 98. vahI, pR. 24 99. vahI, pR. 13 100. sUyagar3o 12/19 "je Atato parato vA vi sccaa|" 101. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 30 102. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2 103. (ka) mAlavaNiyA-dalasukha-Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pR.. 226 (kha) anuyoga dvAra sUtra 59 104. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2 105. vahI, pR. 2 106. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2 107.' divAkara siddhasena - sambhahasuttaM gAthA 3-4 108. AcArya kundakunda samayasAra gAthA 31-66 109. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 149 110. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 53 111. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2 112. vahI, pR. 2 113. (ka) tatvArtha sUtra 1/5, (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 3 114. vahI, pR. 2 115. vahI, pR. 9 116. vahI, pR. 9 117. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 55 118. vahI, pR. 56 119. jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 3, pR. 196 120. vahI pR. 196-197 121. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 11 122. AcArAMga sUtra 1 se 6 123. AcArAMga sUtra 5/3 124. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 375 125. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 375-376 126. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra 5/5, (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 147 154 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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127. AcArAMga sUtra 8/1 "atthiloe natthiloe, dhuve loe adhuve loe Adi / " 128. jaina nyAya, pR. 129. jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 4, pR. 497 130. sUyagar3o 1/14/22 131. kaSAyapAhur3a bhAga 1, pR. 281 132. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 133. vyAkhyA prajJapti 12/219 000 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 155 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArAMga-vRtti meM pratipAdita jaina dharma aura darzana dharma tattva vastusvarUpa ke bheda-vijJAna ko prastuta karatA hai, ucita-anucita pakSa ko pratipAdita karatA hai evaM nIti tattvoM kA upadeza detA hai| dharma darzaka pakSa usa cintana ko naI dizA pradAna karatA hai jisase eka hI pakSa ke nAnA svarUpa pratipAdita kiya jAte haiN| dharma aura darzana mAnavIyatA kA eka vyApaka dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA jaina paramparA kI aitihAsikatA bhAratIya saMskRti ke do aitihAsika pakSa haiM-prathama zramaNa saMskRti pakSa aura . dvitIya vaidika saMskRti / zramaNa saMskRti meM jaina aura bauddha dharma kI aitihAsikatA kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| isa paramparA kI aitihAsikatA atiprAcIna hai| kulakara nAma se prasiddha yaha paramparA kalpayuga kI yazogAthA kA guNagAna karatI hai| isake Adya pravartaka antima kulakara nAbhirAya ke putra AdipuruSa RSabhadeva mAne gaye haiN| itihAsavettAoM ne gaMbhIra cintana karake AdipuruSa se lekara antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura usake pazcAt kI paramparA kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| kAlakrama se kaI parivartana hue, aneka yuga bhI prArambha hue| eka aisA yuga bhI prArambha huA jise kalpayuga kahA gayA / yuga kI vyavasthA ko saMkSipta meM nimna prakAra se kara sakate haiM1. kulakara paramparA 14 kulakara 2. tIrthaMkara yuga 24 tIrthaMkara 3. gaNadhara yuga 11 gaNadhara 4. AcArya paramparA bhadrabAhu Adi mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama the| ve mahAna pratibhAsampanna the| jo sthAna upaniSad meM uddhAlaka ke samakSa zvetaketu kA hai, gItA meM kRSNa ke samakSa arjuna kA hai, buddha ke samakSa Ananda kA hai, vahI, sthAna mahAvIra ke samakSa indrabhUti gautama 156 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kA hai| ve mahAna jijJAsu the / unhoMne hajAroM prazna kiye jinakA anekAnta zailI se mahAvIra ne uttara pradAna kiyA thA / mahAvIra ke pazcAt - mahAvIra ke pazcAt Arya sudharmA unake paTTa para AsIna hue aura unake pazcAt Arya jambUsvAmI paTTadhara bane / Arya jambU kA jIvana bar3A hI anUThA aura preraNAprada rahA, jo unake tyAga tathA vairAgya kI gauravagAthA ko janamAnasa ke sAmane prastuta karatA hai| vaha vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke antima kevalI the| unake bAda koI kevalajJAnI nahIM huA / yahA~ taba pravartita AcAra aura vicAra kI sahaja nirmalatA kAla prabhAva se zanaiH-zanai kSINa hone lagI / unake pazcAt dasa bAteM vicchinna ho gaIM 1. manaH paryavajJAna, 2. paramAvadhijJAna, 3. pulAkalabdhi, 4. AhAraka zarIra, 5. kSapaka zreNI, 6. upazama zreNI, 7. jinakalpa, 8. saMyamattika (parihAra vizuddhi cAritra, sUkSma saMparAya cAritra yathAkhyAta cAritra), 9. kevalajJAna aura, 10. siddha pada / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM aneka jyotirdhara AcArya hue jinhoMne vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kara apanI utkRSTa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| una sabhI kA yahA~ paricaya denA sambhava nahIM hai / hama kevala donoM hI paramparAoM ke kucha pramukha nAmoM kA hI saMketa kareMge - AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI, Arya sthUlabhasa, Arya vajrasvAmI, Arya devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa, AcArya umAsvAti, AcArya zIlAMka, AcArya haribhadra AcArya malayagiri, AcArya abhayadeva, upAdhyAya yazovijaya, samayasundara, AcArya kundakunda AcArya samantabhadra, AcArya jinasena, AcArya yati vRSabha, AcArya zubhacandra, nemIcandra siddhAnta cakravartI, akalaMka deva, vidyAnanda, pUjyapAda Adi aneka vidvAna, prabhAvaka aura adhyAtma yogI AcAryoM ke nAma ullekhanIya | isa prakAra jaina dharma bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara vartamAna yuga taka akhaNDa rUpa se cala rahA hai| vartamAna meM zvetAmbara aura digambara --- ye do mukhya rUpa haiM / zvetAmbaroM meM mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI -- ye tIna bheda haiM / mUrtipUjakoM meM mUrti pUjA kA vidhAna hai aura anya do amUrtipUjaka haiM / digambaroM meM mUla saMgha meM sAta gaNa vikasita hue -- devagaNa, selagaNa, dezIgaNa, surasthagaNa, balAtkAragaNa, kAlUragaNa aura nigmaanvygnn| yApanIya saMgha, drAviMdra saMgha, kASThA saMgha, mAthura saMgha, terahapantha, bIsa pantha aura tAraNa pantha Adi haiM / digambaroM meM bhI kucha mUrtipUjaka haiM aura kucha amUrtipUjaka / AcArAGga- zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 157

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jaina dharma vividha zAkhA-prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta hone para bhI sabhI ne namaskAra mahAmaMtra, caubIsa tIrthaMkara, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya Adi SaT dravya, nau yA sapta tattva, ahiMsA, aparigraha, anekAntavAda, karmavAda Adi ko mAnya kiyA hai| isa taraha tAttvika rUpa se aura samanvaya dRSTi se dekhA jAye to ina vividha zAstrajJa prazAkhAoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| AcAra meM antara hone para bhI tAtvika vicAroM meM prAyaH samAnatA hai| tattva ciMtana mUlataH do tattvoM kI pramukhatA hai-1. jIva tattva aura 2. ajIva tttv| ye do tattva jaina dharma aura darzana ke prANa haiN| Asrava, bandha, saMvara; nirjarA aura mokSa-ina pA~ca tattvoM ke milAne se jaina tattva ke sAta bheda bana jAte haiN| puNya aura pApa kI dRSTi se nava tattva ho jAte haiN| jaina jinheM padArtha bhI kahate haiN| Agama evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM ina tattvoM kI sarvatra prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| Asrava aura bandha kA vivecana karma siddhAnta ke antargata hI kiyA jAtA hai jisakA manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA gayA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA cAritra viSayaka haiM jinheM AcAra mImAMsA kA mahattvapUrNa aGga mAnA jAtA hai| mokSa tattva jIvana kI utkRSTatama avasthA hai jisameM janma aura maraNa kI kriyA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| AcArAMga vRttiMkAra ne "jIvAjIvAsrava-baMdha-puNya-pApa-saMvara nirjarA mokSAkhyA nava padArthA" sUtra ke mAdhyama se nava padArthoM kA vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| tattva vivecana jIva tattva- jIva kA lakSaNa cetanA hai| isake do upayoga haiM--(1) jJAnopayoga aura (2) drshnopyog| prANa kI dRSTi se jIva cAra prANoM se prANadhArI hai| yaha atIndriya hai, amUrta hai, jJAna svarUpa hai, jItA hai, jItA thA aura jIvita rhegaa| prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satva-ye cAra zabda jIva ke hI vAcaka haiN| prANa-dasa prakAra ke prANayukta hone se prANa hai| bhUta-tInoM kAloM meM rahane se bhUta hai| jIva-AyuSya karma ke kAraNa jItA hai ataH jIva hai| satva-vividha paryAyoM kA parivartana hote hue bhI Atma dravya kI sattA meM koI antara nahIM AtA ataH satva hai| isa taraha se jIva kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa adhyAya 3 meM prastuta kara diyA gayA hai| jIva cetanAyukta hai, yaha sabhI dArzanika svIkAra karate haiN| vRttikAra ne jIva kI eka paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai--jo jItA hai, jItA thA aura jiegA vaha jIva hai| jIva ke bheda-prabheda Adi kA vistRta vivecana adhyAya 3 meM kara diyA gayA hai| 158 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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dharma dravya jIva aura pudgala dravyoM ko gati pradAna karane meM sahAyaka dharma dravya hotA hai| yaha arUpI dravya hai, jo samasta loka meM vyApta hai| vRttikAra ne 'dharma' kA prayoga kiyA hai| adharma dravya jo dravya jIva aura pudgala ko sthiti pradAna karatA hai, vaha adharma dravya hai| arthAt adharma dravya calAyamAna padArthoM ke rukane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha dravya arUpI hai, aura samasta loka meM vyApta hai| vRttikAra ne adharma kA prayoga kiyA hai| AkAza dravya jo dravya padArthoM ko avagAha pradAna karatA hai, vaha AkAza dravya hai| AkAza jIva, ajIva Adi dravyoM ko avakAsa/sthAna pradAna karatA hai| padArthoM ko Azraya detA hai| AkAza ananta hai, parantu jitane AkAza meM jIvAdi anya dravyoM kI sattA pAI jAtI hai vaha lokAkAza hai, vaha sImita hai| lokAkAza se pare jo ananta zuddha AkAza hai use alokAkAza kahA gayA hai| kAla dravya parivartana kA nAma kAla hai| eka-eka kAla pradeza samasta padArthoM meM vyApta hai| ve pariNamana/paryAya/parivartana kiyA karate haiN| parivartana kI dRSTi se kAla ke do bheda haiM 1. nizcaya kAla-yaha apanI dravyAtmaka sattA rakhatA hai| vaha dharma aura adharma dravyoM kI taraha samasta lokAkAza meM vyApta hai| 2. vyavahAra kAla isa kAla kA eka samaya hai| ghar3I, ghaNTA, dina, saptAha, mahInA, AvalI, ucchavAsa, stoka, lava, nAlI, muhUrta, ahozatra, pakSa, mAsa, Rtu, ayana, varSa, yuga, pUrvAga, pUrvA, nyutAMga, nayUta, Adi kAla kI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN| Astrava tattva ____ karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra ko Asrava kahate haiN| arthAt jina pariNAmoM se pudgala dravya karma rUpa banakara AtmA meM Ate haiM, usa samaya sUkSma se sUkSma pugala paramANu AtmA se cipaTa jAte haiN| mana, vacana aura kAya ke parispandana se nAnA prakAra kI kriyAe~ hotI haiN| una kriyAoM se kaSAyAdika bhAva manovikAra Adi utpanna hote haiM yahI Asrava kahalAtA hai| karma pudgaloM kA grahaNa karanA Asrava hai, jaise-nadI meM par3I huI naukA ke chidra se pAnI kA Agamana hotA rahatA hai usI taraha se karma paramANuoM kA Agamana hotA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 159 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #198
Asrava tattva ke prakAra 1. dravyAstrava aura 2. bhAvAsrava / Asrava ke kAraNa 1. mithyAtva, 2 . avarati, 3. pramAda, 4. kaSAya aura 5. yoga / bandha tattva | bandha karma paramANuoM kA Atma pradezoM ke sAtha sambandha ho jAnA bandha hai kA artha hai jur3anA / jIva ke pratyeka karma dvArA kisI na kisI prakAra kI aisI zakti utpanna hotI hai jo apanA kucha na kucha prabhAva dikhAe binA nahIM rahatI aura sAtha hI jIva kI svatantratA bhI kuMThita nahIM hotI hai| AtmA ke sAtha pudgaloM kA yaha mela dUdha aura pAnI kI taraha ekAkAra hai / jaise--dUdha aura pAnI eka dUsare meM mila jAte haiM, unako pRthak kara pAnA kaThina hotA hai, isI taraha AtmA aura pudgala pRthak hote hue bhI eka dUsare se itane mila jAte haiM ki unheM pRthak karanA saMbhava nahIM hai 1 vRttikAra ne bandha ko kaI dRSTiyoM se pratipAdita kiyA hai| usI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakha kara kucha saMkSipta jAnakArI isa prakAra hai bandha ke kAraNa - ' 4 1. mithyAtva, 2. avarati, 3. pramAda, 4. kaSAya aura 5. tatva ke 1. prakRti bandha, 2. sthiti, 3. anubhAga aura 4. pradeza baMdha / * vRttikAra ne bandha, udaya aura sattA kI apekSA se bandha ke sapta bhaMga isa prakAra kiye haiM 1. nIca gotra kA vandha-nIca gotra kA udaya aura nIca gotra kI sattA / 2. nIca gotra kA bandha-nIca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 3. nIca gotra kA bandha - ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 4. ucca gotra kA bandha-nIca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 5. ucca gotra kA bandha-- ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 6. bandhAbhAva - ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / - ucca gotra kA udaya aura ucca kI sattA / 160 7. bandhAbhAva bandha ke anya bheda 1. zubha aura 2. azubha / yoga / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #199
jJAnAvaraNIya karma bandha ke hetu 1. jJAna aura jJAnavAn kI nindA krnaa| 2. jisa jJAnI se jJAna sIkhA hai, usakA nAma chipA kara svayaM jJAnI banane kA prayatna krnaa| 3. jJAna kI ArAdhanA meM vighna ddaalnaa| 4. jJAnIjanoM para dveSa rkhnaa| 5. jJAna aura jJAnI kI AzAtanA karanA aura 6. jJAnI ke sAtha visaMvAda karanA / darzanAvaraNIya karma bandha ke hetu 1. sudarzanI kI nindA krnaa| 2. jisake dvArA darzana prApta huA hai, usake nAma kA gopana krnaa| 3. darzana kI ArAdhanA meM vighna ddaalnaa| 4. sudarzanI para dveSa rkhnaa| 5. darzana aura darzanI kI AzAtanA karanA aura 6. sudarzanI ke sAtha visaMvAda karanA / vedanIya karma ke do bheda- . 1. sAtAvedanIya aura 2. asaataavedniiy| sAtAvedanIya ke bandha ke kAraNa 1. dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM kI anukampA karanA / 2. vanaspati Adi bhUtoM kI anukampA karanA / 3. paJcendriya jIvoM kI anukampA krnaa| 4. pRthvIkAya Adi satvoM kI anukampA karanA / 5. prANiyoM ko duHkhaM nahIM pahu~cAnA / 6. zoka nahIM krnaa| 7. jhurAnA nhiiN| 8. pIr3A nahIM phuNcaanaa| 9. paritApanA nahIM denaa| asAtAvedanIya ke bandha ke kAraNa inase viparIta samajhane caahie| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 161 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #200
mohanIya karma ke bandha ke hetu kevalI bhagavAna kA vItarAga prarUpita zAstra kA, dharma kA, saMgha kA aura devoM kA avarNavAda karanA darzana mohanIya kA kAraNa hai| tIvra krodha, tIvra mAna, tIvra mAyA, tIvra lobha se cAritra moha kA bandha hotA hai 1 AyuSya karma ke cAra bheda 1. narakAyu, 2. tiryaMcAyu, 3. manuSyAyu aura 4. devAyu / nAma karma ke do bheda 1. zubha nAma aura 2. azubha nAma / gotra karma ke do bheda jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, zruta, lAbha aura aizvarya kA ghamaNDa karane se aura apanI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karane se nIca gotra ba~dhatA hai| ATha mada sthAnoM kA abhimAna na karane se dUsaroM kA guNAnuvAda aura AtmanindA karane se ucca gotra kA bandha hotA hai| antarAya karma ke baMdha ke kAraNa 1. dAna dete hue ke bIca meM bAdhA DAlanA, 2 . kisI ko lAbha ho rahA ho usameM bAdhA DAlanA, 3. bhojana pAna Adi bhoga kI prApti meM bAdhA DAlanA, 4 . vastra zayanAdi upabhoga yogya vastu kI prApti meM rukAvaTa karanA, 5 . koI jIva apane puruSArtha ko prakaTa kara rahA ho to usake prayatna meM bAdhA DAlanA / puNya aura pApa tattva - puNya aura pApa--ye do tattva bandha tattva ke hI bheda haiM, jise zubha aura azubha bhI kahate haiN| zubha arthAt acche karmoM ke kAraNa se puNya bandha hotA hai aura azubha karmoM ke kAraNa se pApa bandha hotA hai / AcArAMga sUtra ke samyaktva adhyayana meM ina tattvoM kA vivecana huA hai| isI vivecana meM vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki upayogapUrvaka kI huI kriyAoM se pApa karma kA bandha nahIM hotA hai / upayogapUrvaka kriyAoM ko karane vAlA pApa karma kA bhAgI nahIM hotA hai / anupayoga se koI bhI kAma karane vAlA pApa karma kA bhAgI hai / ataeva pratyeka kArya upayogapUrvaka karanA caahie| usase pApa se lipta nahIM hote haiN| 1 1 asatpravRtti, hI pApa karma hai aura pApa kA pariNAma hI duHkha hai / ataeva duHkhoM kA atyadhika kSaya karane ke liye Arambha (asatpravRtti) kA tyAga karanA cAhie asatpravRtti, ke tyAga ke dvArA satya ko jIvana meM utAranA caahie| asat pravRtti, kA tyAga karate hue agara zarIra zuzrUSA ko chor3anA par3e to bhI satya kA zodhaka usake prati kiMcita bhI dhyAna nahIM detA hai| satya ke sAmane deha kA kyA mUlya ho sakatA hai / " 162 AcArAGga - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #201
vRttikAra ne loka vijaya adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM pApa kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI hai| "pAtayAtitIvApApa" arthAt jisase patana hotA hai, use pApa kahate haiN| isa taraha puNya aura pApa ke vivecana ko bhI AcArAMga vRtti, meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| saMvara tattva Asrava ke nirodha ko saMvara kahate haiN|11 mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ina pA~ca kAraNoM se karmoM kA Agamana hotA hai, unako niSkriya banA denA saMvara hai / 12 saMvara ke kAraNa 1. gupti-mana gupti, vacana gupti aura kAya gupti / 2. paJca samiti-IryA-bhASA-eSaNA AdAna-nikSepaNa aura pratiSThApaNa samiti / 3. dharmasAdhanA-kSamA-mArdava-Arjava-satya-zauca-saMyama-tapa-AkiMcana bhI aura . brhmcry| 4. anuprekSA-bAraha anuprekssaa| 5. parISaha-sahiSNutA / 14 6. smykcaaritr| 7. tapa-1. bAhya tapa aura 2. AbhyaMtara tapa / saMvara ke bheda. 1. samyaktva, 2. vrata, 3. apramAda, 4. akaSAya aura 5. yoga vigraha / nirjarA tattva saMsAra kA kAraNa Asrava hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa nirjarA hai| saMvara dvArA navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko kramazaH kSINa karanA nirjarA hai| sUtrakAra ne samyaktva adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM nirjarA tattva para prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki jo karma ke Ane ke mArga haiM, ve hI karma kI nirjarA ke nimitta bana jAte haiN| aura jo karma kI nirjarA ke nimitta haiM, ve hI karma ke Asrava ke nimitta bana jAte haiN| mithyA dRSTiyoM ke liye jo pApa ke kAraNa haiM, ve hI tattvadarzI ke liye karma nirjarA ke kAraNa ho jAte haiN| vRttikAra ne apanI vRtti meM samyaktva ko AdhAra banA kara yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki sAdhu samAcArI kA anuSThAna nirjarA kA kAraNa hai, parantu adhyavasAyoM kI malinatA aura kapaTa ke kAraNa ve hI karma bandhana ke kAraNa ho jAte haiN| jisa AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 163 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
prakAra udayana rAjA ko mArane ke liye eka nAI ne kapaTapUrvaka sAdhutva adhikAra kiyA thaa| aisA kapaTapUrNa saMyama aura adhyavasAyoM kI vikRti ke kAraNa saMvara ke sthAna bhI Asrava ke sthAna ho jAte haiN| Asrava, saMvara aura nirjarA kA mukhya AdhAra citta vRtti, para--mAnasika pariNAmoM kI dhArA para nirbhara hai / karmoM ke Asrava ke kAraNa aura nirjarA ke kAraNa jAnakara saMsAra ke karma bandhanoM se mukta hone kA upAya karanA cAhie / " 18 tapa se nirjarA hotI hai, isaliye darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ke sAtha tapa meM pravRtti, karanA cAhie / nirjarA ke bheda 16 dravya nirjarA bAhya tapa 164 nirjarA nirjarA ke kAraNa anazana UnodarI vRttiparisaMkhyAna rasa parityAga kAyakleza pratisaMlInatA | prAyazcitta vinaya vaiyAvRtya " bhAva nirjarA Abhtantara tapa mokSa - I SaTkAya ke jIvoM ke vadha meM karma bandhana aura vadha se nivRtti, karane se mokSa ' hotA hai / vRttikAra ne kahA haiM ki bAhya saMsAra aura Abhyantara saMsAra para vijaya prApta karanA loka vijaya hai / karma bandha aura karma kSaya ke kAraNa ko mokSa kahA jAtA hai| arthAt jahA~ samasta karmoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, vahA~ mokSa hotA hai / mokSa arthAt mukta avasthA / saMsAra ke janma-maraNa ke abhAva kA nAma mokSa hai / vRttikAra ne loka vijaya adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM mokSa kI carcA kI hai| unhoMne isa adhyayana meM yaha kathana kiyA hai ki jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa mokSa hai| AtmA ke hita kA nAma mokSa hai| cAritra kA anuSThAna mokSa hai yA aparyavasAna kA nAma mokSa hai / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana svAdhyAya vyutsarga dhyAna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
vRttikAra ne sacce vimukkha puruSa kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki jo 6 aneka prakAra ke svajana, dhana sampatti, viSaya kaSAya Adi se mukta haiM, ve vimukta haiM, ve hI nirmamatattva ke pAragAmI haiN| mokSa saMsAra rUpI samudra kA kinArA hai| mokSa ke kAraNa __jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-ye mokSa ke kAraNa haiN| jo inakA pAlana karate haiM ve prazasta bhAvoM meM ramaNa karate haiN| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI pradhAnatA se zIla guNa ko prApta hotA hai| vAstava meM ve mukta puruSa hI pAragAmI haiM, jo satata kA pAlana karate haiM, nirlobha vRtti se rahate haiM, kAma-bhogoM kI icchA nahIM karate haiM tathA karma se rahita hokara sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI banate haiM / 19 karma mImAMsA karma zabda ke aneka artha haiM, jaise-karma, kAraka, kriyA aura jIva ke sAtha ba~dhane vAle vizeSa jAti ke pudgala skandha / isa saMsAra meM manuSyoM ke liye jo duHkha ke kAraNa kahe gaye haiM, ve karma haiN|20 karma lIka ke saMyoga kA nAma bhI hai| asAtA bhI karma hai| vRttikAra ne loka vijaya nAmaka adhyayana ke chaThe uddezaka meM isa taraha ke vivecana karane ke uparAnta yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki manuSyoM ko yaha vicAranA cAhie ki duHkha kyA hai? duHkha ke kAraNa kyA haiM? agara isa prazna kA samAdhAna jAna liyA to vaha apane hI karmoM dvArA duHkhI ho rahA hai aisA vaha jAna sakatA hai| manuSya ke azubha karttavya hI usake duHkhoM ke janaka haiN| ataH apane azubha karmoM ke prItyAga se hI vaha duHkha se mukta ho sakatA hai| jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karma bandha ke kAraNa haiM / 21 karma bandha kaise hotA hai? mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke kAraNa se karmabandha hotA hai| jIva ke icchA, dveSa isI se utpanna hote haiN|22 karma ke bheda 1. dravya karma aura '2. bhAva karma / bandha ke anya prakAra-23 / 1. prakRti, 2. sthiti, 3. anubhAga aura 4. pradeza-bandha / prakRtiyA~ 1. mUla prakRti aura 2. uttara-prakRti AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 165 For Personal & Private Use Only

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.. mUla prakRtiyA~-24 1. jJAnAvaraNIya, 2. darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. Ayu, 5. nAma, 7. gotra aura 8. antraay| karma bandha kI avasthAyeM 1. bandha karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha bNdhnaa| 2. utkarSaNa-baddha karmoM kI kAla maryAdA aura phala vRddhi honA / 3. apakarSaNa-kAla aura phala meM zubha karmoM ke kAraNa nyUnatA honaa| 4. sattA-karma bandha hone aura phalodaya hone ke bIca AtmA meM karma kI sattA (astitva) honaa| 5. udaya-karma kA phala dAna / 6. udIraNA-samaya se pUrva karma ko jaldI udaya meM le aanaa| 7. saMkramaNa-sajAtIya karmoM meM saMkramaNa honaa| 8. upazama-karmoM ko udaya meM Ane ke liye akSama banA denaa| 9. nidhatti-karmoM kA saMkramaNa aura udayana ho sknaa| 10. nikAcanA-karmoM kA pragAr3ha bNdhn| karma sambandhI vivecana vRttikAra ne aneka rUpoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa viSaya utpanna hote haiM, jo viSa-tulya haiN| viSaya saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM, jinake kAraNa jIva sadaiva karma bandha karatA rahatA hai| rAga ke bandhana ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA patnI, putra Adi meM mamatva karatA hai| bAhya dhana sampatti meM Asakti rakhatA hai| isa taraha yaha prANI ananta karmoM kA bandhana karatA hai| vRttikAra ne karma bandha ke ATha, sAta, cha: aura eka bheda bhI ginAyA hai| bandha, bandha ke prakAra, bandha kI prakRtiyA~, vandha kI sthitiyA~, bandha ke anubhAga aura bandha ke pradezoM kA loka vijaya adhyayana meM vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne kucha dRSTAntoM dvArA samajhAyA hai ki parazurAma ne apane pitA ke anurAga se dveSa ke kAraNa kSatriyoM kA sAta bAra nAza kiyaa| zubhUma ne isakA badalA lene ke liye 21 bAra brAhmaNoM kA vinAza kiyaa| apanI strI ke kahane se cANakya ne nanda vaMza kA nAza kiyaa| kaMsa ke mAre jAne para usakA zvasura jarAsandha apane vala kA abhimAna karake kRSNa se yuddha karatA hai aura mArA jAtA hai| arthAt rAga vandhana ke kAraNa prANI kyA-kyA akRtya karatA hai ? 166 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra mImAMsA tIrthaMkaroM kI divya dezanA dvAdazAMga vANI ke rUpa meM niHsRta huI / gaNadharoM ne sarvajJa kathita artha ko sUtra rUpa graMthita kiyA aura Agama rUpa meM AcArAMga sUtra ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA / yahI sUtra grantha AcAra ke sabhI pakSoM ko pratipAdita karane vAlA Agama grantha hai / vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki saba tIrthaMkara tIrtha pravartana ke Arambha meM prathama AcAra kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| isake anantara kramazaH anya Agama granthoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA / 25 " Acyaryate Asevyata ityAcAraH " arthAt jo AcaraNa yA sevana kiyA jAtA hai use AcAra kahate haiM / AcAra hI pravacana kA sAra haiM / yahI mokSa kA sAdhana hai 1 isase cAritra prakaTa hotA hai aura isI se akSaya pada kI prApti hotI haiM 1 AcAra ke nAma AyAra, AcAla, AgAla, AgarA, AsAsa, AyariSa, AiNNA, AcAra ke bheda 7. -- 1. nAma AcAra--jJa-zarIra aura bhavya zarIra, 2. dravyAcAra -- dravyoM kA jAnanA, 3. bhAvAcAra - laukika aura lokottara / anya prakAra jJAnAcAra - 1. kAla, 2. vinaya, 3. bahumAna, 4. upadhAna, 5. anidvava, 6. vyaMjana, 7. artha aura vyaMjana artha / darzanAcAra 18 - karanA / 1. niHzaMkita - jina aura jinAgama meM varNita siddhAntoM para kisI bhI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM honA, yaha AsthA jJAnapUrvaka hotI hai / 2. ni:kAMkSita--sAMsArika vaibhava ko prApta karane kI icchA na honA / Amokkha 3. nirvicikitsA-svabhAvataH malina zarIra meM jugupsA kA bhAva tathA Atma guNoM meM prIti kI utpatti / 4. amUDha-dRSTitva--mithyA dRSTiyoM kI na prazaMsA karanA aura na unakI anukampA 5. upagUhanatva - dharma ko dUSita karane vAle nindAtmaka tattvoM kA visarjana karanA aura dUsare ke doSoM ko udghATita na karanA / 6. sthitikaraNa - mArgacyuta vyakti ko punaH mArga para ArUr3ha kara denA / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 167 For Personal & Private Use Only

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7. vAtsalya-svadharmI bandhuoM se nizcala, sarala tathA madhura vyavahAra karanA aura itara dharmAvalambiyoM se dveSa na krnaa| 8. prabhAvanA-dAna, tapa Adi dvArA jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA krnaa| cAritrAcAra-tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti rUpa haiN|29 tapAcAra-bAraha tapa, vizeSa haiM-1. bAhya-tapa aura 2. aabhyntrN-tp| bAhya-tapa-1. anasana UnodarIkA, vRtti, saMkSepaNa, rasatyAga, kAyakleza, sNliintaa| Abhyantara-tapa-prAyazcitta, vinaya vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura vyutsrg| vIryAcAra31- aneka prakAra kA hai| isa taraha AcAra ke kaI bheda ginAye gaye haiN| AcAra Atmazudvi kA sAdhana hai aura mukti kA rahasya hai| sAdhaka kI dRSTi se AcAra zramaNa saMskRti kI udAtta bhAvanA rahI hai| isa saMskRti meM jo AdhyAtmika ciMtana diyA hai, vaha AcAra tattva ko bhI mahattva detA hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-ye tIna adhyAtma pada ke sAdhana haiM, jinakA sarvatra vivecana kiyA gayA hai| "AcArAMga. sUtra" meM kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIthI (mokSamArga) para aneka vIra namIbhUta hue haiN| isaliye yaha mArga zaMkA se rahita hai / 32 jinake dvArA yaha anubhUta evaM parAkSita hai ve' nirbhaya haiN| jaina AgamoM meM saccI nirbhayatA se yukta vyakti ko anagAra kahA jAtA hai| anagAra jaisA vicAratA hai, vaisA hI bolatA hai| jaisA bolatA hai, vaisA AcaraNa karatA hai| vaha jIvana ke prapaJcoM se mukta gRha tyAgI anagAra anta:karaNa se sarala hotA hai tathA jo nirantara hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra. kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| vaha pavitra AcaraNa karane vAlA anagAra sAdhaka hotA hai| sAdhaka kA eka rUpa vratoM ke eka aMza ko tyAga karane vAle zrAvaka bhI33 AcAra ke pAlaka hote haiN| isaliye jaina AgamoM meM yatra-tatra zrAvaka ke AcAra ke vividha pakSoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| upAsakadazA meM zrAvakoM ke AcAra sambandhI vizleSaNa ko vyavasthita rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|34 sAdhanA ke utkRSTa avasthA taka pahu~cane ke lie zrAvaka aura zramaNa donoM hI AcAra-vicAra, vrata, yama, niyama Adi kA pAlana karate haiN| usI dRSTi se unake do bheda haiM-1. zrAvakAcAra, 2. shrmnnaacaar| zrAvakAcAra zrAvaka ko zramaNopAsaka, sAgAra gArhastha, gRhastha bhI kahate haiN| AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM gAthApati, gAthA kula Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| zrAvaka zAstra adhyayana, dharma upadeza, manana-ciMtana Adi se zubha AcaraNa kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| zrAvakoM ke 35 guNoM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / 35 zrAvaka vratI hotA hai, vaha 168 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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hiMsAdi ke sAdhanoM para bhI aMkuza lagAtA hai| usakA vyavasAya hiMsAyukta hote hue bhI aisI hiMsA se zUnya hotA hai jo adhika hiMsA ko utpanna kre| zrAvaka ke bheda-1. pAkSika, 2. naiSThika aura 3. sAdhaka zrAvaka / zrAvaka ke vrata-1. pA~ca aNu vrata, 2. tIna guNa vrata aura 3. cAra zikSAvrata / pA~ca aNuvrata-1. ahiMsANu vrata,2. satyANuvrata, 3. acauryANu vrata, 4. brahmacaryANu vrata aura, 5. parigraha parimANANu vrata / tIna guNa vrata-1. digavata, 2. dezavrata aura 3. anarthadaNDa vrata / zikSA vrata 1. sAmAyika vrata, 2. pauSadhopavAsa vrata, 3. upabhoga-paribhoga-parimANa aura 4. atithi saMvibhAga vrt| zrAvaka kI pratimAe~ 1. darzana-pratimA, 2. vrata-pratimA, 3. sAmAyika pratimA, 4. proSadha-pratimA, 5. sacita-tyAga-pratimA, 6. rAtri-bhukti-tyAga-pratimA, 7. brahmacarya-pratimA, 8. Arambha-tyAga-pratimA, 9. parigraha-tyAga-pratimA, 10. anumati-tyAga-pratimA, 11. uddisstt-tyaag-prtimaa| zrAvaka ke Avazyaka kArya 1. pUjA, 2. vArtA, 3. dAna, 4. svAdhyAya, 5. saMyama aura 6. tp| zramaNAcAra: . AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM muni caryA se sambandhita vivecana paryApta rUpa meM huA hai| dvitIya zruta-skandha ko AcArAMga yA AcAra cUlA kahA gayA hai| vRttikAra zIlAMka-AcArya ne AcarAMga sUtra kI AcAra cUlA para vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| isake pA~ca cUlikAyeM haiN| unameM se cAra cUlikAyeM AcArAMga ke antargata AtI haiN| pA~cavIM cUlA AcArAMga se pRthak kara dI gaI hai, jo nizItha sUtra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai| AcAracUlA, AcAra kalpa, AcAra prakalpa Adi isI ke sUcaka haiN| AcArAMga kI cUlikA kA saMkSipta paricaya zramaNAcAra kI dRSTi se isa prakAra haiprathama cUlAnAma uddezaka 1. piNDaiSaNA 11 AhAra zuddhi kA pratipAdana / 2. zayyaiSaNA saMyama sAdhanA ke anukUla sthAna zuddhi / 3. IryeSaNa gamanAgamana kA viveka / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana viSaya 169 For Personal & Private Use Only

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4. bhASAjAtaiSaNA 2 bhASA zuddhi kA vivek| 5. vastraiSaNA 2 vastragrahaNa sambandhI vividha maryAdAyeM / 6. pAtraiSaNA 2 pAtra grahaNa sambandhI vividha mryaadaayeN| .. 7. avagrahaiSaNA 2 sthAna Adi kI anumati lene kI vidhi| dvitIya caraNa 1. sthAna saptikA-AvAsa yogya sthAna kA viveka / 2. niSIdhikA saptikA-svAdhyAya evaM dhyAna yogya sthAna gvaissnnaa|| 3. uccAra prastraSaNa saptikA-zarIra kI dIrgha-zaMkA evaM laghu-zaMkA nivAraNa kA vivek| 4. zabda saptikA-zabdAdi viSayoM meM rAga, dveSa rahita rahane kA upadeza / 5. rUpa saptikA-rUpAdi viSaya meM rAga-dveSa rahita rahane kA upadeza / 6.. parakriyA saptikA-dUsaroM dvArA kI jAne vAlI sevA Adi kriyAoM kA nissedh| 7. anyonya kriyA saptikA-paraspara kI jAne vAlI kriyAoM meM viveka / tRtIya cUlA 1. bhAvanA caturtha cUlA isa cUlikA meM sirpha gyAraha gAthAoM kA eka adhyayana hai| isameM vimukta vItarAga AtmA kA varNana hai| zramaNoM ke prakAra zramaNa, mahAna, atithi, tripaNa, banI paka / 36 zramaNa aSTAdaza doSoM se rahita jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA karate haiM / 27 zramaNa ke guNa paJca mahAvrata paJca samitiyA~, paJca indriya-vijaya, cha: Avazyaka, kezaluMcana, acelakatA, asnAnatA, bhUzayana, sthiti bhojana, adantadhAvana, Adi zramaNa ke guNa zramaNa ke anya guNa piNDaiSaNA, zaMyaiSaNA, IrSyA, bhASAjAta, vastraiSaNA, pAtraiSaNA, avagraha, sapta saptikA, paJca-mahAvrata aura usakI paJca bhAvanAyeM, dasa dharma, bAraha anuprekSAyeM, 22 pariSaha, bAraha AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 170 For Personal & Private Use Only

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tapa, tIna yoga, bhikSu pratimA, samAcArItA Adi zramaNoM ke dhAraNa karane yogya kriyAyeM haiN| | zramaNa valmajJa, mAtrajJa, kSaNajJa, vinajJa, samayajJa, aparigrahajJa, apratijJa, kAlajJa, kSetrajJa, khedajJa Adi ke rUpa meM saMyama kI sAdhanA karatA huA vicaraNa karatA hai / " vimokSa adhyayana meM sAdhu kI kriyAoM kA, sAdhu ke cAritra kA, sAdhu kI zuddhatA evaM anya kaI kriyAoM kA ullekha hai / sAdhaka -- zramaNa zithilatA ke doSoM se rahita samasta kaSToM ko sahana karatA huA samasta kriyAoM ko karatA hai / vRttikAra ne adhyayana kI vRtti, meM yaha kathana kiyA hai ki zramaNa rAgAdi se rahita kSudhA - pipAsA Adi pariSahoM se mukta prANI ke prati anukampA karatA huA saMyama ke anuSThAna meM pravRtta hotA hai / * 2 zramaNa ke upakaraNa - 1. pAtra, 2. pAtra bandhaka, 3. pAtra sthApana, 4. pAtra ke zarIkA (puMjanI), 5. paTala, 6 . rajastrANa, 7. gocchaka / * nirgranthoM ke acelakatA - 1. alpapratilekhana, 2. vezvasika rUpa, 3 . tapa kI prApti, 4. lAbha prazasta, 5. vipula indriya nigraha / 4 abhigrahadhArI zramaNa ke kalpa 5. 1. sthavira - kalpI, 2 . jina - kalpI / parihAra vizuddhi cAritra vAle zramaNoM kI pratimAe~ 6 1. pahalI pratimA meM bhikSu sAdhaka eka mAsa taka eka datti (dAtA) AhAra le aura eka datti pAnI le / 2. dUsarI pratimA meM do mAsa taka do datti AhAra aura do datti pAnI ko grahaNa kare, adhika nahIM / le / 3. tIsarI pratimA meM tIna mAsa taka tIna datti AhAra aura tIna datti pAnI grahaNa kare / 4. cauthI pratimA meM cAra mAsa taka cAra datti AhAra aura cAra datti hI pAnI 5. pA~cavIM pratimA meM pA~ca mAha taka pA~ca datti AhAra aura pA~ca datti pAnI para nirvAha kare 1 6. chaThI pratimA meM chaH mAsa taka chaha datti AhAra aura chaH datti pAnI grahaNa kare / 7. sAtavIM pratimA meM sAta mAsa taka sAta datti AhAra aura sAta datti pAnI para nirvAha kare / AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 171

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8. AThavIM pratimA meM sAta dina taka cauvihAra ekAntara upavAsa kre| dina meM sUrya kI AtApanA le aura rAtri meM nagna rahe / rAtri meM eka hI karavaTa se sove athavA citta hI sove / karavaTa badale nahIM / 9. navamIM pratimA meM daNDAsana, laguDAsana yA utkaTAsana lagAkara rAtri vyatIta kare / 10. dasavIM pratimA meM samasta rAtri goduhAsana yA vIrAsana meM sthita hokara vyatIta karanA cAhie / 11. gyArahavIM pratimA meM SaSThabhaka (belA) karanA caahie| dUsare dina grAma se bAhara ATha prahara taka kAryotsarga karake khar3A rahe / 12. bArahavIM pratimA meM aSThama bhakta (belA) karanA caahie| tIsare dina zmazAna meM athavA vana meM kAryotsarga karake khar3A rahanA cAhie aura usa samaya jo bhI upasarga ho unheM sthira citta se vahana karanA cAhie / zramaNa ke grAsaiSaNA kI zuddhi ke paJca doSa 1. saMyojanA -- jihvA kI lolupatA ke kAraNa AhAra ko svAdiSTa banAne ke lie dUsare padArthoM se milA kara khAnA, jaise--dUdha meM zakkara milAnA Adi / 2. apramANa -- pramANa se adhika bhojana karanA / 4. iDola - nIrasa AhAra karate hue vastu kI athavA dAtA kI tArIpha karate hue khAnA | 4. dhUma - nIrasa AhAra karate hue padArtha kI athavA dAna kI nindA karate hue arucipUrvaka AhAra karanA / 5. akAraNa - kSudhA vedanIya. Adi chaH kAraNoM meM se kisI bhI kAraNa ke binA AhAra karanA / isa taraha zramaNa ke AcAra kSetra ke vistRta vivecana ko prastuta karate hue unake saMstAraka samAdhimaraNa Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vimokSa adhyayana ke uddezkoM meM bhakta parijJA iMgitamaraNa aura pAdapogamana karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / trimokSa adhyayana ke aSTama uddezaka meM dIkSA aGgIkAra karanA, zikSA prApta karanA, sUtra aura artha kA jJAna prApta karanA, bAhya evaM Abhyantara tapa meM lIna honA tathA nirjarA prekSI" kI bhAvanA se yukta hokara vicaraNa karanA zramaNa kI mahattvapUrNa AcAra saMhitA haiN| zramaNa ko tapomaya jIvana ke liye cAritra ke sAtha jJAna aura darzana kA avalambana lenA par3atA hai| isase sAdhaka ratnatraya ke samIpa banA rahatA hai| sAdhaka AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 299 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jo samIpa meM rakhatA hai, vaha upadhAna kahalAtA hai| vo upadhAna do prakAra kA haidravya upadhAna aura 2. bhAva upadhAna / 49 zaMyAdi para sukhapUrvaka zayana karane ke liye sira ke sahAre ke liye jo takiyA rakhA jAtA hai vaha dravya upadhAna hai / cAritra ke liye jJAna, darzana aura tapazcaraNa kA avalambana bhAva upadhAna hai| bhAva upadhAna Atma-zuddhi kA kAraNa hai / yaha karmagranthI ko apUrvakaraNa se bhedane vAlA anivRttikaraNa se samyaktva meM sthApana karane vAlA, karma prakRti ko saMkramaNa se, anya prakRti ke rUpa meM badalane vAlA, zaileSI avasthA meM sarvasthA karmoM kA abhAva karane vAlA, karmoM ko rokane vAlA, karmoM ko chedane vAlA aura karmoM ko bhedane vAlA bhI hai| isaliye upadhA meM sadaiva pratyanazIla rahanA cAhie / " isa taraha saMyamI sAdhaka nirgrantha bhAva se yukta anukUla evaM pratikUla upasargoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai / parISahoM ko sahana karatA hai / bAhya saMsAra kI ora lakSya na karake Atmavizuddhi ko lakSya banAtA hai / vaha bhAvanA, upayoga Adi se saMyama kI sAdhanA meM rata rahatA hai 1 jJAna-mImAMsA jJAna kA bhAratIya darzana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / isameM jJAna, svarUpa, jJAtA, jJeya, jJAna kI kriyA, jJAna kI sImA, jJAna kI paristhitiyA~, jJAna ke bheda, jJAna ke viSaya Adi para prakAza DAlA jAtA hai / dArzanika vizleSaNa meM jJAna, AtmA Adi kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ jJAna kI vistRta jAnakArI na dekara jJAna sambandhI kucha vaicArika pakSa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM / jina jIvoM kI viziSTa saMjJA hotI hai ve apanI viziSTa jAti smaraNa Adi 'jJAnayukta buddhi se yA tIrthaMkara ke kahane se athavA anya upadezakoM se suna kara yA jAna lete haiM ki maiM pUrva dizA se yA anya kisI vidizA se AyA hU~, 51 yaha jJAna bhI AtmA kA viSaya hai / isase mAlUma hotA hai ki AtmavikAsa ke liye, AtmaciMtana kI satata AvazyakatA hotI hai / satata AtmaciMtana ke dvArA jIvoM meM vaha zakti-sphUrti ho jAtI hai, jisake dvArA unheM AtmajJAna vizad rUpa se hone lagatA hai / ve AtmA ke bhUta aura bhAvI paryAyoM ko jAnane meM samartha ho jAte haiM / AtmA kI paryAyoM ko jAnane ke tIna sAdhaka haiM 1. sahasanmati yA svamati, 2. paravyAkaraNa, 3. anya atizaya jJAniyoM ke vacana / 52 AtmA ke sAtha hamezA rahane vAlI sadbuddhi ke dvArA koI-koI jIva AtmajJAna prApta kara letA hai aura apane viziSTa dizA - vidizA ke Agamana ko jAna letA hai / yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa se matijJAna sabhI prANiyoM ko hotA hai kintu sanmati yA svamati AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 173 For Personal & Private Use Only

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saba jIvoM ko nahIM hotI hai| avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna aura jAtismaraNajJAna sanmati yA svamati ke antargata Ate haiN| viziSTa jJAna kA bodha aura unakA jJeya bhI hotA hai| jJeya tattva ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM--53 1. avadhijJAna, 2. manaHparyavajJAna, 3. kevalajJAna aura 4. jAtismaraNajJAna ___ vRttikAra ne mati aura zruta ina do jJAnoM kI koI vyAkhyA nahIM kI hai| avadhijJAna, mana:paryavajJAna, kevalajJAna aura jAtismaraNa jJAna kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI 1. avadhijJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rakhe binA hI sabhI dravyoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna avadhijJAna kahalAtA hai| avadhijJAna saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta bhaMvoM ko jAna letA hai| 2. mana:paryavajJAna . mana vAle prANiyoM ke mana kI paryAyoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna manaHparyAyajJAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna saMyama kI zuddhi se utpanna hotA hai| isa jJAna ke dvArA bhI. saMkhyAta yA asaMkhyAta bhavoM ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| 3. kevalajJAna ____ loka ke rUpI-arUpI sakala dravyoM kI sakala paryAyoM ko jAnane vAlA jJAna kevalajJAna kahalAtA hai| isake dvArA ananta bhavoM kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| 4. jAtismaraNajJAna matijJAnAvaraNa ke viziSTa kSayopazama ke kAraNa AtmA meM aise saMskAra jAgRta ho jAte haiM jinake kAraNa pUrva bhava kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| yaha smaraNa jAtismaraNajJAna kahalAtA hai| isa jJAna ke dvArA niyamataH saMkhyAta bhava jAne jA sakate haiN|55 AtmA aura mati kA tAdAtmya sambandha arthAt AtmA kA svabhAva jJAna rUpa hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai aura jJAna guNa kA guNI AtmA hai| guNa aura guNI se tAdAtmya sambandha hotA hai| vaizeSika darzana guNa aura guNI ko bhinna-bhinna mAna kara samavAya sambandha ke dvArA unakA sambandha honA mAnate haiN| isakA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye saha zabda diyA gayA hai, jo yaha sUcita karatA hai ki matijJAna sadA AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai| ataH AtmA ke sAtha hamezA jJAna ke rahane para bhI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke prabala AvaraNa ke kAraNa viziSTa jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai| vRttikAra ne svamati aura sahasannati kI vizeSatA ko samajhAne ke liye eka dRSTAnta prastuta kiyA hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 174 For Personal & Private Use Only

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asantapura nagara meM jitazatru nAma kA rAjA thA / dhAriNI nAma kI usakI patnI thii| unake dharmaruci nAmaka putra thaa| kisI samaya rAjA kA citta vairAgya meM raMga gayA aura vaha tApasI dIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye udyata huA / usane apane putra ko siMhAsana para ArUr3ha karane kA nizcaya kiyA / rAjakumAra ne apanI mAtA se pUchA ki pitAjI rAjyazrI kA tyAga kyoM kara rahe haiM? isake uttara meM mAtA ne kahA ki rAjyalakSmI caMcala hai| isameM aneka kUTa-kapaTa kI cAleM calanI par3atI haiN| yaha svarga aura apavarga ke sAdhana meM argalA bhUta hai / rAjya ke liye ghoratama pApa bhI kiye jAte haiM / isase AtmA kA kalyANa nahIM ho sktaa| isase zAzvata sukha kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / isaliye usa sukha ko prApta karane ke liye ve rAjya kA parityAga kara rahe haiM / mAtA kA yaha kathana suna kara dharmaruci bolA - mAtA, kyA maiM pitA ko aniSTa hU~ jo yaha pApamaya rAjyalakSmI mujhe de rahe haiM ? jisa rAjya ko ahitakara aura duHkhavardhaka jAna kara ve chor3a rahe haiM use maiM kyoM grahaNa karU~? maiM bhI sukha kA abhilASI hU~ / ataH maiM bhI pitA ke sAtha hI Azrama meM jAU~gA / mAtA-pitA ke bahuta samajhAne-bujhAne para bhI rAjakumAra ne rAjya siMhAsana para baiThanA svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura vaha apane pitA ke sAtha hI tApasoM ke Azrama meM . calA gyaa| vahA~ ve pitA-putra tApasoM kI kriyAoM kA pAlana karane lge| kisI samaya amAvasyA ke eka dina pahale kisI bar3e tApasa ne sUcanA kI ki kala amAvasyA hai isaliye anAkuTTi (kandamUla latA Adi kA chedana nahIM karanA ) hogI / ataH Aja hI phUla, kuza, kandamUla, phala, IMdhana vagairaha le AnA caahie| yaha sunakara dharmaruci ne apane pitA se pUchA ki "anAkuTTi" kyA cIja hai ? pitA ne samajhAyA -- kala parva dina hai| parva ke dinoM meM kandamUla Adi kA chedana nahIM kiyA jAtA; kyoMki inakA chedana karanA sAvadha hai / yaha sunakara dharmaruci ne vicAra kiyA ki yadi hamezA hI anAkuTTi rahe to kaisA acchA ho, dUsare dina tapovana ke mArga se vihAra karate hue jaina sAdhuoM ke darzana kA use avasara milA / usane una sAdhuoM se pUchA ki kyA Aja amAvasyA ke dina bhI Apake anAkuTTi nahIM hai jo Apa jaMgala meM jA rahe haiM ? una sAdhuoM ne kahA ki hamAre liye to sadA hI anAkuTTi hai / hamane sadA ke liye hiMsA kA tyAga kara diyA hai| yaha kaha kara ve sAdhu cale gaye / una sAdhuoM ke vacanoM ko sunakara aura una para UhApoha karate hue use jAtismaraNajJAna utpanna ho gayA ki maiMne janmAntara meM dIkSA lekara devaloka ke sukha kA anubhava kiyA aura vahA~ se cyava kara yahA~ utpanna huA hai I AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 975

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rAjakumAra ko yaha viziSTa dizA se Agamana kA jJAna utpanna huA so jAtismaraNajJAna ke dvArA hone vAle AtmajJAna kA udAharaNa hai| para vyAkaraNa tIrthaMkara ke kahane se kisI jIva ko apane viziSTaM dizA-vidizA se hone vAle Agamana kA jJAna hotA hai| para zabda kA artha utkRSTa hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta anya kauna utkRSTa ho sakatA hai ? ataH para se tIrthaMkara kA grahaNa karanA caahie| tIrthaMkara deva ke upadeza se bahuta se jIvoM ko apanI pUrva sthiti kA jJAna huA aura anya atIndriya bAtoM kA jJAna hotA hai| isake lie bhI vRttikAra ne eka dRSTAnta diyA hai|57 zrI gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA-he bhagavan ! mere hAthoM se dIkSita kiye gaye ziSyoM ko kevalajJAna ho gayA aura mujhe aba taka nahIM huA, isakA kyA kAraNa hai? bhagavAna ne kahA he gautama ! mujha para tumhArA atIva rAga hai| ataH tumheM kaivalya utpanna nahIM hotA hai| gautama svAmI ne punaH prazna kiyA he bhagavana ! Apa para mujhe itanA rAga kyoM hai? taba bhagavAna ne unake pahale ke kaI bhavoM kA vRttAnta sunAkara kahA-"cira saMsiTTosi me goymaa| cira pariciosi me goym"|' arthAt he gautama ! tU merA cira-paricita hai| terA aura merA bahuta purAnA sambandha hai| bhagavAna ke isa kathana ke dvArA gautama svAmI ko apane kaI bhavoM kA jJAna huaa| yaha jJAna paravyAkaraNajJAna hai| anya atizaya jJAniyoM ke vacana- avadhijJAnI, manaHparyayajJAnI, yA kevalajJAnI ke upadezoM ke dvArA jo pUrva bhava kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha atizaya jJAniyoM ke vacana rUpa hai| jaise anya vyAkaraNa jJAna bhI kahate haiN| isake liye bhI. vRttikAra ne mallinAtha kA dRSTAnta diyA hai| mallinAtha bhagavAna ne vivAha ke liye Aye hue chaH rAjakumAroM ko apane avadhijJAna ke dvArA unake pUrva bhavoM ko jAna kara unheM pratibodha dene ke liye kahA ki "hamane janmAntara meM eka sAtha saMyama mArga aGgIkAra kiyA thaa| usake phalasvarUpa devaloka ke jayanta vimAna meM hamane janma liyA thA, kyA vaha saba bhUla gaye?" isa prakAra mallisvAmI ke pUrva bhava kA kathana karane se una rAjaputroM ko apane viziSTa dizAgamana kA jJAna ho gyaa| isa taraha jaina AgamoM kI prathama aGga grantha AcArAMga meM jJAna kI vividha rUpoM meM vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| vRttikAra ne pratyeka adhyayana meM jJAna kI vyAkhyA karane ke liye naya paddhati aura nikSepa paddhati ko AdhAra banAyA hai| Agama sAhitya meM jJAna kI carcA vistAra se kI gaI hai| AcArAMga sUtrakAra ne AtmavAdI, vivecana 176 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM AtmA ko jisa rUpa se prastuta kiyA usameM jJAna kI pramukhatA hai| jIva ke upayogoM meM jJAnopayoga auda darzanopayoga ye do upayoga Ate haiN| usI sandarbha meM jJAna kI vyAkhyA karate hue yaha kathana kiyA hai ki jJAna jIva ke sva aura para vicAra meM bheda vijJAna ko utpanna karane vAlI hai| ___jJAna pratyakSa aura parokSa do pramANa rUpa bhI hai| samyakatva ke adhyayana meM darzana ke sAtha jJAna kA varNana kiyA hai| jJAna kI vivecanA AcArAMga sUtra meM kaI rUpoM meM kI gaI hai| vRttikAra ne usa para saralatama vyAkhyA prastuta karate hue jJAna ko adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| jJAna aura samyaktva sahabhAvI hai| jahA~ samyaktva hai, vahA~ jJAna hai aura jahA~ jJAna hai vahA~ virakti hai; kyoMki jJAna kA phala virati (cAritra) kahA gayA hai| jJAna ke hone se darzana samyak darzana hai aura samyak darzana hone se jJAna sujJAna, samyajJAna, samyak jJAna hai| jJAna kA vargIkaraNa kaI dRSTiyoM se kiyA jAtA hai parantu jJAna ke vargIkaraNa se sambandhita yaha rekhAcitra hI paryApta hai| . isa taraha dharma aura darzana se sambandhita vivecana jJAna kI samyak vyAkhyA karatA hai| AcArAMga vRtti, meM jo saiddhAntika vivecana hai vaha dharma aura darzana ke rahasya ko pratipAdita karatA hai| cha: prakAra ke jIvoM kI rakSA meM jahA~ siddhAnta ke svarUpa para AdhArita karake unheM bacAyA gayA hai vahIM dArzanika pakSa ne pratyeka jIva ke astitva ko siddha kiyA hai| vRttikAra zIlaMka AcArAMga ne eka-eka zabda ko dharma aura darzana kI kasauTI para kasakara saMketa kara diyA ki dharma mAnavIya mUlyoM kI jitanI adhika vivecana karatA hai usase kahIM adhika prANImAtra ke mUlyoM kI sthApanA meM sahayoga detA hai| ataH dharma aura darzana jIvana-mUlya kI sthApanA ke eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| eka ke binA dUsare kA astitva nahIM hai| dharma prANa-tattva hai aura darzana usa tattva kA vyAkhyAkAra hai| 000 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 177 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha grantha 1. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 11 2. vahI, pR. 60 3. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 60 4. vahI, pR. 60 5. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 60 6. vahI, pR. 78, 79, 80 7. vahI, pR. 132 8. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 298 9. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 315 10. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 98 11. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 153 12. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 157 13. vahI, pR. 157 14. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 162 15. AcArAMga sUtra-4/2 16. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 117 se 119 17. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 118 18. vahI, pR. 122 19. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 76, "vimuttA huve jaNA je jaNA pAragAmiNo, lobhalobheNa duguMchamANe laddhe kAme nAbhigAhai" 20. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 97 21. vahI, pR. 97 22. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 60 23. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 61 24. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 63, 64 25. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 4 "savvesiM AyAro titthassa pavattaNe pddhmyaae| sesAI aGgAI ekkArasa ANupavvIe / / " 26. vahI, pR. 3 27. vahI, pR. 3 28. vahI, pR. 3 29. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 3 178 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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30. vahI, pR. 3 31. vahI, pR. 4 32. AcArAMga sUtra-1/3 "paNayA vIrA mhaavihiiN| logaMca ANAye abhisameccA akuobhayaM // " 33. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 46 34. zAstrI devendra muni-jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR. 106 35. bhASkara bhAgacanda-jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa,-pR. 255 36. AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 18 37. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 54 38. vahI, pR. 54 39. vahI, pR. 185 40. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 185 41. vahI, pR. 184 42. vahI, pR. 185 43. vahI, pR. 186 44. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 186 45. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 187 46. vahI, pR. 187 47. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 189 48. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 8/8 gAthA . 49. vahI, pR. 198 50. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 189 51. AcArAMga sUtra 1/1 52. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 13 53. vahI, pR. 13 / 54. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 13-14 55. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 14 56. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 14 / 57. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 14 / 58. vahI, pR. 14 . 59. AcArAMga. vRtti, pR. 46 60.. AcArya zrI devendra muni-zabdoM kI gAgara meM Agama kA sAgara, pR. 75 000 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 179 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArAMga-vRtti kA sAMskRtika adhyayana AcArAMga sUtra kI vRtti para vRttikAra ne aneka taraha se vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai| Agama ke mUla viSaya ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue vRttikAra zIlaMka AcArya ne zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra evaM vihAra Adi kI vistRta rUparekhA prastuta kI hai| usI ke antargata aneka prakAra kI sAMskRtika sAmagrI kA vivecana bhI huA hai| zIlaMka AcArya ne sAMskRtika vicAradhArA ko vikasita karane ke liye zabda vizleSaNa ke sAtha jo vivecana prastuta kiyA hai usameM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara, cakravartI, rAjA, rAjaputra, janapada, nagara, grAma Adi kA vivecana bhI milatA hai| rAja, rAjya, zAsana-vyavasthA Adi kA vistRta vivecana nahIM hai, parantu kucha rAjya evaM rAjAoM kA varNana hai| isameM bhUgola, khagola, itihAsa, saMgIta, nRtya, cikitsA paddhati, roga aura roga ke prakAra kA bhI varNana hai| sAmAjika-dhArmika citraNa ke sAtha isameM prANi-vijJAna, vanaspati-vijJAna Adi kaI prakAra ke viSayoM kA vivecana bhI huA hai| bhaugolika sAmagrI kalA aura vijJAna, vANijya-vyApAra, rIti-rivAja, zikSAtattva, nIti Adi ke saMketa bhI isameM haiN| yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki sampUrNa grantha zramaNa caryA para AdhArita hote hue bhI isameM sAmAjika, aitihAsika, bhaugolika, Arthika Adi vizleSaNa ko bhI isameM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para kucha mahattvapUrNa ciMtana yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM jo isakI sAMskRtika dharohara ko prakaTa kara skeNge| aitihAsika pakSa AcArAMga vRttikAra ne vRtti ke prArambha meM "OM namaH sarvajJAya" isa vivecana se sabhI sarvajJoM ko namana kiyA hai| arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sabhI sAdhuoM ko namana kiyA gayA hai tathA zrI sudharmA svAmI kevalI, bhadrabAhu svAmI jaise aitihAsika puruSoM kI jAnakArI isase milatI hai| isI krama meM jJAta kula ke pramukha nAyaka vIra prabhu kA bhI smaraNa kiyA hai| tIrtha, tIrthaMkara tIrthakRta, gaNi, caturdaza pUrvadhArI AcArya tIrtha pravartaka, gaNadhara, kevalI, zruta kevalI Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| sUrezvara cakravartI, mANDalika, RSabha, pArzvanAtha, kezI gautama, ariSTha-nemI, vIra, vardhamAna, mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM Adi ke nAma evaM nAgArjuna jaise viziSTa 180 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcArya, jina-kalpi aura sthavira,2 sthavira bhagavanta,3 arhanta-bhagavanta,4 zramaNa-bhagavanta, sudharmAsvAmI, jambUsvAmI, skandha, (svAmI kArtikeya), mukundha, rUdra" Adi aitihAsika puruSoM kA ullekha hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 15veM adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke paJca kalyANakoM kI aitihAsika dRSTi hai| isameM garbha, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna, aura nirvANa ina pA~ca kalyANakoM kA ullekha hai| devA-nandA brAhmaNI kA bhI ullekha hai| mahAvIra ke pracalita nAma-1. vardhamAna, 2. sanmati, 3. mahAvIra kA bhI ullekha hai| bhagavAn ke parijana, mAtA, pitA Adi kI bhI carcA isa adhyayana meM kI gaI hai| vRttikAra ne saiddhAntika dRSTi ko mahattvapUrNa banAte hue zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI bhAvanA ko AdarasvarUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne pratyeka bhAvanA para vicAra karate hue paJca mahAvrata sambandhI 25 bhAvanAoM ke sAra ko mahattva dete hue kahA hai ki jo vyakti pA~ca mahAvratoM kI 25 bhAvanAoM ko yathA-zruta, yathA-kalpa aura yathA-mArga inakA bhalI-bhA~ti kIrtana karatA hai, pAlana karatA hai aura bhagavAn kI AjJAnusAra calatA hai, vaha kRta-kRta hotA hai| isa taraha AcArAMga vRtti meM vRttikAra ne tIrthaMkara, arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu jaise mahattvapUrNa tIrthaM pravartakoM ke pravartana kA jahA~ ullekha kiyA hai, vahA~ unake ziSyoM Adi kA bhI isameM ullekha hai| mUlataH mAtra ullekha hI paryApta nahIM hai, apitu unakI jIvana paddhati, jIvanacaryA Adi kaisI thI.? usako bhI vRttikAra ne apanI vRtti meM mahattva diyA hai| dhArmika vyavasthA dharma kI dRSTi se sampUrNa samAja ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai 1. zramaNa samAja, 2. gRhastha samAja / 1. zramaNa samAja.. zramaNa, saMyata, tapasvI, sAdhu, RSi, vItarAga, aNagAra, bhadanta, yati, prajJAvanta, acelaka, nirgantha, bhikSu, vIrA, apramata, yama Adi kaI zramaNa ke nAma haiN| vRttikAra ne zramaNa kI paribhASA karateM likhA hai-"jo sadaiva prayatnazIla hotA hai, vaha zramaNa kahalAtA hai|"22 "vaha samabhAva meM sthita sAdhanA kI kriyA meM lIna rahatA hai|" zramaNa sambandhI vivecana AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa yA zramaNI, bhikSu yA bhikSuNI sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praveza karate hI bhAva zuddhi ko pramukha AdhAra banAte haiN| arhata zAsana meM unheM vRtti yA aNagAra kahate haiN| aNagAra kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai-"jo AgAra, arthAt gRha ke Adhipatya ko chor3a detA hai, vaha aNagAra kahalAtA hai / 23 aNagAra kA jIvana zuddha evaM nirAsakta hotA hai| ve AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 181 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jo kucha bhI yatna karate haiM vaha utkRSTa hotA hai, isaliye ve yati haiM / 24 unheM vIra / parAkramI, sAdhanA meM Ane vAle samasta vighnoM para vijaya pAne vAlA bhI kahA jAtA | ve indriya aura mana ko viveka dvArA nigraha karate haiM, isaliye saMyamI haiM / sadA jAgRta evaM viSayoM kI pravRtti para rahita hote haiM / isaliye ve apramatta haiM / ve khedajJa (nipuNa -- nijasvarUpa ko jAnane vAle) haiM / 25 27 zramaNa ko mumukSu6 aura muni bhI kahate haiM / jo karma samArambha/ hiMsA ke kAraNa hai, inheM jo jAna letA hai, vahI, parijJAtakarmA hai, muni hai / muni kI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai ki jo jagata kI trikAla avasthA ko jAnateM haiM, usakA manana-cintana karate haiM, ve muni hai / "muni parijJA hai / " parijJAta karmA haiM / pratyAkhyAna ke jJAtA haiM / 28 ve samyak prakAra se utthAna, zayana, cakramaNa Adi kriyAoM meM satata saMyata haiM / 29 vimokSa adhyayana meM sAdhaka bhikSu kI pratyanazIlatA para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| ve sadaiva yatnapUrvaka vicaraNa karate haiM, khar3e hote haiM, baiThate haiM, sote haiM, aura anya sabhI kriyAe~ bhI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karate haiM / ve sadaiva sabhI prakAra ke sAvaMdya kAraNoM se yukta pratijJA rUpI mandira (ucca zikhara, ucca Asana, ucca pada) para sthita bhikSAzIla bhikSu haiN| ve bhikSu kAlajJa haiM, ucita aura anucita ke jJAyaka haiN| dhyAna meM lIna, adhyayana, adhyApana, zAstra zravaNa karane vAle tathA unake rahasya ko pratipAdita karane vAle haiM, ve zrAnta haiM tathA jo sadaiva zmazAna, zUnyagrahoM aura parvatoM kI guphA meM nivAsa karate haiN| isa prakAra se vRttikAra kI vRtti meM bhikSu, sAdhu, muni Adi kI vyAkhyAe~ kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa haiM / zramaNoM ke prakAra mUlataH AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu- ye tIna zramaNoM ke bheda vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| vRttikAra ne AcArya ko anuyoga ko dhAraNa karane vAlA kahA hai / upAdhyAya ko adhyApaka kI saMjJA dI hai / sAdhuoM ko yathA-yogya zramaNocita AcaraNa evaM vaiyAvRtti karane vAlA batalAyA hai| sthitikaraNa se sthita sthavira hai / gacchoM ke adhipatigaNI haiN| AcArya kI dezanA ko gambhIratA se AdezapUrvaka grahaNa kara pRthak rUpa se sAdhu samUha se vicaraNa karate haiM, ve gaNadhara haiM tathA gaNa arthAt gaccha ke kArya ke cintaka jo haiM ve zramaNa haiM? (1) Arya, (2) AryaprajJa, (3) AryadarzI - ye tIna zramaNa ke vizeSaNa diye gaye haiN| Arya kA artha hai-- zreSTha AcaraNa vAlA athavA guNI / AcArya zIlAMka ke anusAra jisakA antaHkaraNa nirmala ho vaha Arya hai| jisakI buddhi paramArtha kI ora pravRtta ho, vaha AryaprajJa hai| jisakI dRSTi guNoM meM sadA ramaNa kare vaha athavA nyAya mArga kA dRSTA AryadarzI hai / 2 zramaNa ke anya bheda haiM - 1. nirgrantha (jaina), 2. zAkya (bauddha), 3. tApasa, 4. gairika aura 5. AjIvaka (gozAlaka mtiiy)| 33 182 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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1 AcArAMga vRtti meM zramaNoM ke svarUpa, bheda evaM unake dvArA grahaNa karane yogya upakaraNoM Adi kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa nirgrantha vairAgya ke kAraNa dIkSA vidhi, niSkramaNa, zramaNa saMgha, vrata, niyama, tapasyA, jina kalpa, sthavira kalpa, nirgrantha zramaNoM ke AhAra, AhAra-doSa, upasarga, gamanAgamana, upAzraya, sthAna Adi kA bhI AcArAMga vRtti meM vivecana huA hai / isameM zramaNa ke niSiddha yogya karmoM Adi kA bhI vivecana hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke naveM upadhAna sUtra meM vihAra kSetra ke mArga meM hone vAle vividha prakAra ke upadravoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zruta skandha meM zramaNa- zramaNiyoM kI sampUrNa AcAra vyavasthA kA vidhivata ullekha karate hue vRttikAra ne zramaNa kI AhAra zuddhi, sthAna, gati, bhASA, Adi ke viveka evaM AcAra vidhi kI parizuddhi kA vistAra ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai / 34 isa taraha zramaNa samAja kA vivecana vRttikAra kI dRSTi se AcAra kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ko sthApita karane vAlA hai, kyoMki AcAra / caraNa/ kriyA jJAna guNa hai aura mokSa kA sAdhana hai / 35 2. gRhastha samAja Arya aura anArya - ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta gRhastha samAja thA / anArya anAcArI the| ve hiMsaka pravRtti vAle the / 36 ve alaga-alaga janapadoM meM vibhakta the / Arya sajjana pravRtti vAle the, jo sadaiva jIvoM kI rakSA karate the / AcArAMga sUtra meM gRhastha ko gAhAvahI, (gAthApati) zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / vRttikAra ne use gRhastha nAma diyA hai| gRhasthoM meM gAthApati kI patnI, gAthApati kI bahina, gAthApati kA putra, gAthApati kI putrI, gAthApati kI putravadhU, dhAI, dAsa, dAsI, karmakAra, Adi ko rakhA gayA hai / 37 gRhastha ko AgAra, sAgAra bhI kahA jAtA hai / " gRhastha bhI vividha kuloM meM vibhakta the| ucca kula aura nIca kula / isake atirikta gAthApati ke kuloM kA bhI nirdeza hai / 39 gAthApati kulaM zrAvaka ke vratoM ko pAlana karate the / vaha zramaNocitta kriyAoM ko jAnate the / unakI vyavasthA evaM unake saMrakSaNa meM sadaiva pratyanazIla rahate the / AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM jahA~ bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI kA ullekha huA hai vahA~ gAthApati aura gAthapati ke kula kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ve pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna gruNa-vrata, cAra dizA-vrata / ina bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karate hue gRhastha dharma kA nirvAha karate the| gRhastha ko zrAvaka bhI kahate haiM / 41 deza, kAla evaM kula kI maryAdAoM ke sAtha ve sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| T zAsana vyavasthA AcArAMga sUtra meM AcAra sambandhI sUtroM kI taraha zAsana vyavasthA sambandhI sUtroM kA ullekha nahIM hai / parantu AcArAMga sUtra ke vRttikAra ne kucha dRSTAntoM ke AcArAGga - zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 183 For Personal & Private Use Only

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antargata rAjA, rAjaputra, rAnI, unake vaMza, parijana, kuTumba, rAjaprAsAda, antaHpura, maMtrI, maMtrIputra, nagara seTha, dUta, astra, zastra, yAna, Adi kA kucha na kucha ullekha avazya hotA hai| usI AdhAra para yahA~ nirdeza mAtra hI kiyA jA rahA hai| AcArAMga meM nimna zAsana praNAliyoM kA ullekha hai 1. arAjaka rAjya- zAsana praNAlI se mukta rAjya 2. gaNarAjya- vizuddha zAsana praNAlI 3. yauvarAjya-rAjA ke hote hue rAjaputra ko rAjya 4. dve rAjya-do rAjAoM kA zAsana 5. vairAjya-rAjA vihIna zAsana praNAlI 6. viruddha rAjya-eka-dUsare ke rAjya meM gamanAgamana niSiddha rAjA ___ rAjA zreNika, rAjA siddhArtha,2 rAjA jitazatru,3 bhImasena, satyabhAmA, siMhasena, udayasena, candragupta Adi rAjAoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| rAjaputra rAjaputra ko yuvarAja kahA jAtA hai| yuvarAja 9 kA ullekha vRttikAra ne kiyA hai| jaba taka rAjyAbhiSeka na kiyA jAe, taba taka vaha yuvarAja kahalAtA hai| rAjA udayasena ke do putra vIrasena aura sUrasena, bhImasena kA putra bhIma aura satyabhAmA kA putra bhAmA jaise yuvarAjoM kA ullekha hai| ujjainI ke rAjA jitazatru ke do rAjaputroM kA ullekha hai jisameM prathama putra dhamaghoSa ke nAma kA ullekha karate hue vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki usane saMsAra kI asAratA ko jAnakara vairAgya dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| rAjamaMtrI __ maMtrI rohagupta ke nAma kA hI ullekha huA hai| maMtrI ko amAtya bhI kahA jAtA hai| amAtya lokika puruSa hai|53 mahattara, amAtya aura kumAra ke nAmoM kA nirdeza mAtra hI huA hai|54 maMtrI cANakya kA bhI ullekha hai|55 1. arAyaNI-jahA~ kA rAjA mara gayA hai, koI rAjA nahIM hai / 2. juvarAyANi-jaba taka rAjyAbhiSeka na kiyA jAye taba taka vaha yuvarAja kahalAtA hai| 3. dorajjANI-jahA~ eka rAjya ke abhilASI do dAvedAra haiM, donoM kaTibaddha hokara lar3ate haiM, vaha dvirAjya kahalAtA hai| 4. verajjANI-zatru rAjA ne Akara jisa rAjya ko har3apa liyA hai, vaha vaira rAjya hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 184 For Personal & Private Use Only

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5. viruddha rajjANI - jahA~ kA rAjA dharma aura sAdhuoM Adi ke prati virodhI hai / usakA rAjya viruddha rAjya kahalAtA hai, athavA jisa rAjya meM sAdhu bhrAnti se viruddha (viparIta) gamana kara rahA hai, vaha bhI viruddha rAjya hai| 1 6. vihaM-- kaI dinoM se pAra ho sake, aisA aTavI mArga / 56 isa taraha se rAjA ke AdhIna rahane vAle, rAjapuruSoM, maMtriyoM Adi kA ullekha huA haiM / rAniyA~ rAjA, mahArAjA, cakravartI Adi kI pramukha rAniyA~ bhI zAsana vyavasthA ke sUtradhAra haiN| rAnI trizalA kSatriya kula ke jJAtR kula kI pramukha rAnI thii| 57 devI dhAraNI, dhArmika pravRtti vAlI thii| jisane apane pitA se dhArmika bhAvanA prApta kI thii| rAjAoM kI apekSA rAniyoM kA ullekha kama hI huA hai / 58 vRttikAra ne AcArAMga ke vizleSaNa meM rAjA, yuvarAja, mahattara, amAtya aura kumAra - ina pA~ca laukika nAyakoM kA kathana kiyA hai / vRttikAra ne nAyaka zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / 59 AcArya upAdhyAya, prabhUti, sthivira aura gaNAvacchedaka -- ina pA~ca sthAnoM ko laukottara nAyaka kahA hai / 6deg rAjA, rAjaputra, yuvarAja Adi ke kArya, sabhAmaNDapa, nagara, vaMza, karma, nIti, pariSad Adi bhI zAsana vyavasthA ke mUla sUtra haiM / rAjya kI zAsana-vyavasthA meM daNDa vyavasthA kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai / daNDa ko nyAya-vyavasthA kA pramukha aGga mAnA jAtA hai / parantu daNDa ko usa rUpa meM nahIM liyA gayA hai kyoMki yaha AcAra sambandhI grantha AcAra zAstra kI dRSTi se yoga hI daNDa kA paricAyaka hai, jisakA ullekha AcArAMga sUtra ke naye adhyayana upadhAna sUtra meM huA hai| mahAvIra anArya puruSoM ke dvArA satAye jAte haiM una para vividha upasarga hote haiM, para ve daNDa kI icchA nahIM karate haiM / apitu apanI indriya aura mana ko vaza meM karane ke liye yaugika daNDa ko svayaM svIkAra kara lete haiM / 61 nyAya-vyavasthA meM nyAyAdhIza dvArA daNDita kiyA jAtA hai parantu yahA~ usakA bhI ullekha nahIM hai / zAsana vyavasthA ke liye sainika vyavasthA kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yuddha kA ullekha AcArAMga sUtra meM huA hai| usameM bhaisoM kA yuddha, sAMDoM kA yuddha, azva yuddha, hasti- yuddha, kapiMjara - yuddha Adi kA ullekha hai / 63 sAmAjika vyavasthA varNa, jAti, parivAra, kuTumba, utsava, rIti-rivAja Adi usake antargata Ate haiM / zIlaMka AcArya ne apane yuga ke anusAra AcArAMga vRtti meM jo bhI vivecana kiyA hai usako saMkSipta rUpa meM yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai 1 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 185

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varNa-vyavasthA brAhmaNa, kSatriya, viTa aura zUdra-ina cAra pramukha vargoM kA AcArAMga vRtti meM ullekha kiyA hai| isake prArambhika adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra ina cAra nAmoM kA ullekha hai / 63 isI ke antargata vRttikAra ne kSatriya ke do bheda kiye haiM--(1) pradhAna kSatriya aura (2) zaMkara kSatriya 64 isake anantara isI krama meM unhoMne vargoM ke sAta bheda aura nau bheda bhI kiye haiM, jaise-1. ambaSTha, 2. ugra, 3. niSada, 4. ayogava, 5. mAgadha, 6. sUta, 7. kSattA, 8. videha, aura 9. cANDAla / 65 ukta cAroM vargoM kI jAtiyoM evaM upajAtiyoM66 ko samajhAne ke liye nimna rekhAcitra bhI prastuta kiyA gayA haibrahma puruSa kSatriya puruSa brAhmaNa puruSa zUdra puruSa vaizya puruSa kSatriya puruSa vaizya strI zUdra strI zUdra strI vaizya strI kSatriya strI brahma strI ambaSTha ugra niSAda ayogava - mAgadha sUta pArAsarovA zUdra puruSa vaizya puruSa zUdra puruSa kSatriya strI brAhma strI brAhma strI kSatrA vaideha cANDAla upajAtiyoM kI anya upajAtiyoM kA rekhAcitra isa prakAra hai- . agra puruSa videha puruSa niSAda puruSa zUdra puruSa kSatA strI kSatA strI ambaSThI strI niSAda strI zUdri strI .. zvapAka vaiNava . bukkasa kukkuraka upajAtiyoM kA kramabrAhmaNa puruSa vaizya strI ambaSTha kSatriya puruSa ugra brAmhaNa puruSa zUdra strI niSAda/pArAzakhA zUdra puruSa vaizya strI ayogavaM vaizya puruSa kSatriya strI mAgadha kSatriya puruSa brAhmaNa strI zUdra puruSa kSatriya strI kSattA vaizya puruSa brAhmaNa strI = vaideha 186 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana zUdra strI sUta For Personal & Private Use Only

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cANDAla zvapAka vaiNava zUdra puruSa brAhmaNa strI cAra anya upajAtiyA~ugra puruSa kSatta strI vaideha puruSa kSatta strI = niSAda puruSa ambaSTha strI = bukkasa zUdra puruSa niSAda strI = bukkasa ina jAtiyoM ke atirikta anya kaI jAtiyoM kA bhI ullekha AcArAMga vRtti meM huA hai, jisameM cANDAla, zavara, bhIla, kirAta, grAma kaMTaka, Adi kA ullekha bhI AtA hai| cANDAla ko sobAka (svapAka) zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 67 kula paricaya AcArAMga vRtti ke prArambha meM tIna kuloM kA varNana hai1. paitRka-kula, 2. jJAta-kula, 3. maatR-kul.| isI krama meM vRttikAra ne gurukula kA ullekha kiyA hai|69 gurukula kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI hai-guru ke kula kA nAma gurukula hai| gurukula arthAt guru kA sAnnidhya evaM unakI sevA se yukta jIvanaparyanta guru ke upadezoM kA jahA~ AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ gurukula hotA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki gurukula guru ke upadezoM ko jahA~ AcaraNa karAyA jAtA hai, vaha gurukula hai|" . 1. ugrakula-ArakSika 2. yogakula-rAjJaH pUjyasthAnIya 3. rAjanya kula-sakhi sthAnIya 4. kSatriya kula-rASTra kUTAdaya 5. ikSvAku kula RSabha svAbhAvaMzika 6. harivaMza kula-harivazaMja ariSThanemi Adi .. 7. esia kula-goSTha gopAla jJAti . 8. vaizya kula-vaNija 9. maNDaka kula-nApita 10. koThagAkula-kASThatakSaka bar3haI yA suthAra 11. bokuzAliya kula-tantuvAya .. 12. grAma rakSaka kula AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ina bAraha kuloM kA ullekha isameM hai| isI prakAra ke anya kuloM kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| jaise-carmakAra, dAsI Adi kula / 2 ina kuloM ko bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-1. grAhya kula-anindita yA agarhita, 2. agrAhyakula-nindita yA grhit| kuTumba evaM parivAra samAja kA gaThana parivAra aura unake sadasyoM ke gaThana se hI hotA hai| samAja saMgaThana ko sAmAjika saMsthA bhI kahA jAtA hai, jisameM pitA, putra, putrI, mAtA, bahina, bhAI, bandhu Adi ke sadasya rahate haiN| unakI jAtiyA~ parivAra, kuTumba evaM kuTumbika kriyAe~ jahA~ hotI haiM usase samAja kA mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai| samaya-samaya para sAmAjika saMsthAe~ vividha prakAra ke kAryoM ko karate haiM jisase samAja ke kaI rUpa hamAre sAmane Ate haiM, jinakI saMkSipta jAnakArI AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI milatI hai| kuTumba parivAra parivAra kA vRhad rUpa kuTumba hai, jisameM parivAra ke sadasya meM eka pramukha uttaradAyI vyakti bhI hotA hai usameM bAlaka-bAlikA, mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahina Adi kA samAveza hotA hai| parivAra meM jitane bhI sadasya hote haiM, unakA apanI-apanI dRSTiyoM se mahattva hotA hai| Agama sAhitya aura unakI TIkAoM meM pArivArika sadasyoM kA kisI na kisI taraha se ullekha huA hai| AcArAMga vRtti meM mAtA, pitA, svajana, AtmIyajana, vAndhava, suhad Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ve eka dUsare ke sahAyaka hote haiN| prApta iSTa manorathoM ke AdhAra para bharaNa-poSaNa karate haiN| vipattiyoM kI rakSA ke liye ve sadaiva prayatnazIla rahate haiN| AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bhaginI, bhAryA, putra, dhuA, dhUtA (putrI), putravadhU, sakhI, svajana Adi kA ullekha hai|4 AcArAMga vRttikAra ne ukta sabhI kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| anyatra bhI AcArAMga sUtra meM putra, putrI, putravadhU jAti-jana, dhAya, rAjA, dAsa-dAsI, karmacArI, karmacAraNi, pAhuna (mehamAna) Adi kA bhI ullekha hai|6 AcArAMga vRtti meM isa taraha ke kaI nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAmAjika nAriyA~ AcArAMga sUtra meM putrI, bhaginI, dAsI, dhAI, karmacAraNi, putravadhU, Adi nAriyoM kA ullekha hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 15veM adhyayana meM devAnandA, brAhmaNI, trizalArAnI, lAlana-pAlana karane vAlI pAMca dhAI-mAtA-(1) kSIra dhAtR, (2) maMjana dhAtR, (3) maMDAvana dhAtR, (4) khelAvaNa dhAtR aura (5) aMka dhAtR kA bhI 188 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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ullekha hai|78 zeSavatI yazomatI yA yazasvatI (putrI) yazodA (patnI) sudarzanA (mahAvIra kI bar3I bahina ) priya darzanA (putrI) videha dattA (mahAvIra kI mAtA) Adi ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| gRhastha ke nArI pAtroM meM gRha patnI, putriyA~, putravadhue~, dhAI mAtAe~, karmakAriNI Adi ko liyA gayA hai| isI ke antargata puresathuya (mAtRkula) pacchAsaMthuya (sAsa-sasura pakSa) Adi ke nAma Ae haiM / sAmAjika prathAe~ - samAja meM kaI prakAra kI prathAe~ pracalita thIM, jaise -vivAha, sAmAjika utsava, bhoja prathA, saMgIta, nRtya, hAsya, nATaka, khela-kUda, bhojana, vividha saMskAra Adi AcArAMga kI vRtti meM ye sabhI haiM / utsava meM sabhI prakAra ke logoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA thaa| kucha-kucha utsavoM meM zramaNoM ko bhI AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA / dvitIya zruta skandha ke prathama uddezaka meM azana-pAna, khAdya evaM khAdya ke samaya para AhAra eSaNA ke nimitta zramaNa ko AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA / " isI meM atithi, brAhmaNa ke AmaMtraNa karane kA bhI ullekha hai / utsava utsava meM kaI prakAra ke utsava Ate haiM / dvitIya zruta skandha ke 15 veM adhyayana meM garbha, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa - ina pAMca utsavoM kA ullekha hai / 3 . janma utsava ke bAda nAmakaraNa saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA ullekha bhI AcArAMga vRtti meM hai| mahAvIra ke guNoM ke AdhAra para vardhamAna, sanmati aura mahAvIra nAmakaraNa kiyA gyaa| cUrNikAra ne vardhamAna, sanmati aura mahAvIra ke zabdoM kI vizeSatAoM ko vyutpatti ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA hai / 4 aSTamI, caturdazI, poSadhavrata, ardha mAsikaM, mAsika, dvimAsika, traya mAsika, cAtumArsika, paJca mAsika aura SaT mAsika utsava, Rtu sandhiyA aura Rtu parivartanoM ke utsava Adi kA bhI ullekha hai / 5 indra mahotsava, skandha mahotsava, rudra - mahotsava, mukunda - mahotsava, bhUta- mahotsava, yakSa - mahotsava, nAma-mahotsava tathA stUpa, caitya, vRkSa, parvata, guphA, kUpa, tAlAba, hava (jhIla), nadI, sarovara, sAgara yA Akara (khAna) sambandhI mahotsava evaM anya isI prakAra ke vibhinna prakAra ke mahotsava kA ullekha hai / 86 bhojana - AcArAMga sUtra meM kaI prakAra ke bhojya padArthoM kA ullekha hai / unameM mUlataH - cAra pramukha AhAra haiM - 87 1. azana, 2. pAna, 3. khAdya, 4. svAdya / asevya aura agrAhya AhAra asevya aura agrAhya ko aprAsuka aura aneSaNIya bhI kahA hai / aprAsuka ko sacitta - jIva sahita mAnA gayA hai aura aneSaNIya ko trividha eSaNA ( gaveSaNA, AcArAGga- zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 189 For Personal & Private Use Only

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gahaNeSaNA, grAsaiSaNA) ke doSoM se yukta mAnA hai|8 zramaNa eSaNIya AhAra ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| aneSaNIya kA unheM niSedha kiyA gayA hai| aneSaNIya arthAt doSa se yukta AhAra ke bayAlIsa bheda ginAye gaye haiN| isI prasaMga meM ardha-pakva AhAra, ati ricchachinnAoM, taruNiyaMvA chivADiM, abhajjiyA~, pihuyaM, bhajjiyaM, maMthu, bera Adi kA vivecana hai| azana pAna Adi ke atirikta bhojya padArthoM meM phala, patra kA bhI varNana hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke naveM zrutaskandha meM sacita sukkha (sUkhA) kSIta piNDa (zItala padArtha) purANa, kura mAsa (purAne ur3ada), bakkasa, pulAka, odana, maMthu, kUramAsa, bora, kodrava, Adi kA varNana milatA hai AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM piNDa, loya, kSIra, dahI, makkhana, ghRta, gulla, tela, madhu, madya, mAMsa, sakkuli, pANiya, zikhariNI; bAraha prakAra ke peya padArthoM ko darzAyA gayA hai|92 Ama rasa, kairI, kapitha, bijaurA, muDiDayA, dAkha, khajUra, nAriyala, kelA, bera, A~valA, imalI aura lavaMga Adi kA bhI ullekha hai / 93 dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhakSa aura abhakSa padArthoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai| isa taraha se pAnaka azana khAdya aura khAdya, AhAra kA varNana prApta hotA hai / AhAra ko piNDa zabda ke rUpa meM sarvatra grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| piNDeSaNA ko gyAraha uddezakoM meM vividha prakAra ke AhAra evaM unakI vidhi-vidhAna ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| AcArAMga vRttikAra ne "bhAe" kA artha bhAt kiyA hai| isI taraha se anna AhAroM ke ullekha meM unakI vistRta vivecanA kI hai| vRttikAra ne gehU~, bAjarA, makkA, jau ko anna ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| dodala vAloM ko dAloM meM grahaNa kiyA hai / "maMthU" zabda se gehU~ Adi ke cUrNa ko grahaNa kiyA hai / 24 pAna pAna arthAt pIne yogya padArthoM meM dUdha, dahI, ghI evaM vividha prakAra ke rasa liye jAte haiN| AcArAMga sUtra meM prAyaH cAritra zuddhi se yukta zramaNoM ke peya padArthoM kI carcA ke sAtha yaha kathana kiyA gayA hai ki jina peya-padArthoM se jIva ke liye vAdhA na pahu~ce aise padArtha ho lene yogya haiM, mahAvIra caryA meM yaha kathana kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhu sampUrNa vizuddhatA se yukta padArthoM ko grahaNa kre| AhAra eSaNA ke samaya meM mana, vacana, kAyA ke yogoM ko saMyata karake, sAdhaka Asakti rahita hokara peya padArthoM ko grahaNa kre|5 AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM jo piNDa eSaNA nAmaka adhyayana hai, usameM gaurasa kA ullekha kiyA hai|26 isI adhyayana ke sUtra naM. 340 se 342 taka meM saMkhar3I kA ullekha kiyA hai| saMkhar3I meM sabhI taraha ke parijana upasthita hote haiN| ve jahA~ para rasa se yukta madyapAna Adi karate haiM ise soMDa zabda ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| isakA artha madya hotA hai|97 vRttikAra ne pANaka jAya arthAt pANaka jAta (pIne yogya dAkSA pAna) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga 190 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM drAkSA, kola, badara AmlIka, peya padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|98 dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM khIra, dahI, navanIta, ghRta (guDa), tella (tela), madya, mAMsa, jalebI, gur3a rAba, pUe~, zikhaNI Adi peya padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|99 ukta pratyeka zabda kI vRttikAra ne vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| jaise-gUlla, arthAt jala se dravIkRta peya padArtha gur3a hai / 100 khAdya___ jo khAyA jAye vaha padArtha khAdya kahalAtA hai, jaise-roTI, modaka, Adi / kucha khAdya padArtha isa prakAra haiM-1. mUla-AlU, adaraka, lassana, haldI / 2. kanda-kamala kI jar3a, ise jalaja kanda bhI kahA jAtA hai, palAsa kaMda, vaidArikA kanda, sthalaja kanda Adi bhI kanda haiM, 3. skandha, 4. tvacA, 5. zAkhA, 6. pravAla, 7. patra, 8. puSpa, 9. phala, 10. biij| AcArAMga vRtti meM vRttikAra ne isakI vistAra se carcA kI hai|01 zAlUka (apakva) vairAlika, sarasappa, pIpalI, maMthU. bUkanI, Amakkha dUraka, sANu bIja, IkSu, meraka, aGka kareluka, agra bIja, mUla; khaMda bIja, skandha vIja, porabIja, kAgaka, aGgArIka (muAyA huA), saMmizra venatAgra, lasUna, coyaka, AmaDAka ityAdika khAdya padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 102 AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM muMga, moTha, caule, tarabUja, kakar3I, sItAphala, papItA, nIMbU, bela, anAra, anannAsa Adi Adi kA ullekha karake khAdya padArthoM kI vizeSatAoM ko ginAyA hai / 03 khAdya-padArtha khAdya arthAta aise padArtha jisake sevana karane se mukha zuddhi ho / jaise-ilAyacI, lauMga, supArI Adi / AcArAMga vRttikAra ne vRtti ke antargata khAdya padArthoM kI vizeSa vivecanA nahIM kI hai| khAdya padArtha kA kevala ullekha mAtra hai khAdya yogya padArtha meM karpUra lavAMgAdi ko grahaNa kiyA hai / 104 AhAra kaI prakAra ke the aura jAtiyA~ bhI kaI prakAra kI thiiN| anArya-jAti ke loga rUkhA-sUkhA bhojana karate the| unakA bhojana kodoM bera-cUrNa evaM kulatha thaa| AcArAMga vRtti meM vRttikAra dvArA varNita bhojya padArthoM kA nimna prakAra se varNana kiyA hai| mUMga aura canA Adi kI gIlI dAla ko pIsa kara tela meM tala kara taiyAra kiye gaye hIMga aura jIre Adi se saMskRta vyaMjana Adi se yukta takra yA chAcha Adi kA varNana huA hai| isakA artha dahIbar3A, rAyatA, yA karamba bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai / 105 isameM AhAra se sambandhita eka mahattvapUrNa vAta yaha bhI pratipAdita kI gaI ki AhAra tatkAlIna samAja meM uSNa rUpa meM karane kI prathA thii| adhika uSNa bhojana hone para loga paMkhe, patte, tAla patra, zAkhA, pakSI ke paMkha, morapaMkha, kapar3A, hAtha yA mu~ha AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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Adi se sahAyatA lete the / 106 bhojana ke liye thAlI evaM kaTorI Adi kA bhI prayoga hotA thA / bhojana U~ce sthAna para rakhA jAtA thA aura bhojana ke liye sacina aura acitta jala kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / 107 zramaNa ke AhAra Adi kA vistAra se ullekha hai pratyeka adhyayana meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM zramaNa zikSA kA vivecana hai / nahIM karane yogya kAryoM kA bhI ullekha hai / AhAra ke doSoM meM solaha udgama ke solaha utpAdana tathA dasa eSaNA sambandhI AhAra ke doSoM kA vRttikAra ne varNana kiyA hai / 108 dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prArambhika vivecana meM AhAra kI jisa vidhi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai usa para svatantra rUpa se vistRta samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| RNa (dhAnyakaNa) kaNakuNDaka kaNo saka mizrita cokara, kaNa kuthAli (kaNoM se mizrita roTI), cAUla (cAvala), cAUlipiTha (cAvaloM kA ATA) tela ( tilapITha) tila pappaDaka (tila papar3I) Adi / 109 bhoja azana, pAna, khAdya aura svAdya - isa prakAra ke cAra bhojya padArthoM kA varNana AcArAMga sUtra evaM AcArAMga vRtti meM bhI kiyA gayA hai| ina bhojya padArthoM ko vizeSa AyojanoM para dene kI vyavasthA kA bhI ullekha hai / vizeSa bhoja meM pArivArika sadasyoM, kuTumbIjanoM, iSTa-mitroM, dAsa-dAsI, naukara-cAkara, rAjapuruSa, rAja karmacArI Adi ko nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA aura adhika dUrI para rahane vAle kuTumbIjanoM aura mitroM Adi ko bhojya padArtha bheje jAte the / bhojya padArthoM meM AmaMtrita kiye jAne vAle . vyaktiyoM ke liye bhojana sAtvika evaM saMdhyA kAla ke pUrva hI karAyA jAtA thA / arthAt isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki adhikatara viziSTa bhoja saMdhyAkAla meM hI hote the / 110 AcArAMga meM do prakAra kI bhoja vyavasthA kA ullekha hai 1. AheNaM - vivAha ke bAda jaba navavadhU gRha praveza karatI thI, usa samaya vara pakSa ke loga jo bhoja dete the, vaha AheNaM kahalAtA thA / 2. paNa -- vivAha meM yA bAda meM vadhU ko lene ke liye gaye atithiyoM ke sammAna meM jo bhoja diyA jAtA thA, vaha paheNaM bhoja kahalAtA thA / isake atirikta maraNa bhoja ko hiMgola bhoja kahA jAtA thA / utsava vizeSa para yA Rtu Adi prArambha hone para bhI bhoja karAyA jAtA thaa| Rtu bhoja meM arthAt tapasyA Adi kI pAraNA meM vrata udyApana meM yA anya kisI dhArmika prasaMga ke AyojanoM meM vizeSa rUpa se zramaNoM, brAhmaNoM tathA atithiyoM ko bhI nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA / 111 bhoja padArtha prAyaH dhRSTa prakRti vAle hote the| kaI prakAra ke udara roga bhI ho jAte the / 112 dhRSTa 192 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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evaM rasajJa bhojanoM meM zramaNa Asakta nahIM hote the| isa taraha usa samaya meM bhoja vyavasthA kA ullekha hamArI saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA Adarza kahA jA sakatA hai| AvAsa AvAsa ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM-1. zramaNAvAsa aura 2. shraavkaavaas| zramaNAvAsa upadhAna sUtra ke naveM adhyayana meM zramaNoM ke AvAsoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa mUlata: AveSaNa, sabhA gRha, pyAU, paNNazAlA, (dukAna) palita-sthAna (lauhAra, suthAra, sunAra Adi ke karma sthAna (kArakhAne) palAla pu~ja, AgantAra (yAtrIgRha, dharmazAlA) ArAmAgAra (ArAmagRha, vizrAmagRha) grAma yA nagara ke ekAnta sthAna, zmazAna, zUnyAgAra, vRkSa mUla Adi AvAsoM meM rahate the| AcArAMga meM AvAsa yA vAsa zabda kA prayoga hI kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne isakI vistAra se vyAkhyA kI hai unhoMne bhI sAdhu ke Thaharane yogya sthAnoM ko "vAsa" kahA hai| AvAsa ke liye zayana zabda yA vasati zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai / 13 zrAvakAvAsa grAma, nagara, kher3A, kaMmabar3a (karavaTa), bhaDamba, pAhaNa (pattana), droNa mukha, Agara, Azrama, sanniveza, nigama, janapada, rAjadhAnI, deza Adi gRhasthoM ke AvAsa AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM AvAsoM kI pRthak-pRthak pahacAna kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai| jaise-maMcamAla (pratIta) prAsAda dvitIya bhUmikA-eka mAle se adhika haramatala (bhUmi gRha)14 zAnti karmagRha, ( jahA~ para zAnti karma kiyA jAtA hai aisA gRha) gIrigRha (parvata ke Upara sthita gRha) kandara (giriguphA) zailopa prasthApana (pASANa maMDapa)15 ityAdika grAma, nagara, nigama, rAjadhAnI, paTTana veza Adi kA vivecana kiyA hai / 16 gRha gRha arthAt makAna kaI prakAra ke hote the, jinheM maTha,prAsAda, hamaMtala, ArAmAgAra, antAgAra kahate haiN| ghara prAyaH bar3e evaM vizAla parijanoM se yukta hote the| gRhasthoM ke gharoM ko mAyApati kula ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa|117 isase yaha vidita hotA hai ki usa samaya ghara banAne kI kalA vikasita thii| isaliye choTe-bar3e gharoM kA ullekha AcArAMga vRtti meM kiyA gayA hai| makAna meM vAtAyana (khir3akI 18), (Aloka sthAna), daravAje, eka ke Upara eka maMjile Adi bhI makAnoM ke banAye jAte the| makAna jarjara hone para unheM ThIka karavAyA jAtA thA yA chor3a diyA jAtA thaa| aise sthAna nirjana sthAna yA ekAnta sthAna kI saMjJA prApta kara lete the| AgantAra, pathika-zAlA, ArAma gRha, ekAnta sthAna ke liye pracalita haiN| vRttikAra ne pA~ca prakAra ke vyaktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaise-devendra, rAjA, gRhapati, sAmArika aura sAdharmika / arthAt AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 193 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ina vyaktiyoM ke anusAra hI unake makAna honA Avazyaka hai, jise vasati zabda ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai / 119 vastrAbhUSaNa zramaNa evaM gRhasthoM kI apekSA vividha prakAroM ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| bhikSu chaH prakAra ke vastroM kI gaveSaNA kara sakatA hai| jaise-1. jaMgiya (jAgamika), 2. bhaMgiya (bhAMgika), 3. sANaya (sAnika), 4. pottaga (potraka), 5. khomiya (lokika) aura 6. tUlakaDa (tuulkRt)| . vRttikAra ne nikSepa kI dRSTi se do bheda bhI kiye haiM-dravya vastra aura bhAva vastra / dravya vastra ke tIna bheda kiye haiM-1. ekendriya niSpanna (kapAsa kRta vastra), 2. vikalendriya niSpanna (cInAMsU vastra), 3. paJcendriya (nispanna) kambala ratna Adi / bhAvavastra zIla kI apekSA se aThAraha hajAra batalAye gaye haiM jinheM dizAyeM yA AkAza ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kauzeya, kaMbala, kAsika, kSauma (alasI kI chAla se banA) zANaja (sana se banA), bhaMgaja (bhaMga kI chAla se banA huA) vastra / isake atirikta-kRSNa, mRgacarma, rUsa (mRga vizeSa), carma evaM chAga-carma, sana kA vastra, kSupA (alasI) evaM meSa (bher3a) ke loma se banA vastra / 21 ___ vastroM kI taraha AbhUSaNoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AbhUSaNa mUlataH sone evaM cA~dI ke hote the| vividha prakAra ke ratna, maNiyoM evaM muktAoM se alaMkRta kiye jAte the| vRttikAra ne kanaka rasa, kanaka kAMti kanaka paTTa, kanaka spaSTa zabda ke dvArA yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki prAyaH AbharaNa sone ke banate the| isake atirikta vividha prakAra ke AbharaNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| usameM vyAdha carma se bane hue vastra kA bhI ullekha hai / 122 kucha AbhUSaNa dhAge se guMthe hue bhI the, jaise--kuMDala, ratnAvalI hAra 24 Adi sabhI AbhUSaNa yA AbharaNa bahUmUlya hote the| unake kho jAne para cintA bhI gRhastha ko hotI thii| una para vividha prakAra ke bela-bUTe, phUla-pattI Adi bhI banAye jAte the| vastra yA AbhUSaNa kA prativedana zramaNa avazya karatA thaa| kyoMki bahumUlya vastuoM meM doSa avazya hotA hai isaliye unakA pratilekhana sAdhu karatA thaa| parantu svayaM ke liye ucita vastroM ko dhAraNa karatA thaa| AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA thaa| sAja-sajjA se yukta vilAsatA pUrNa vastra sAdhu jIvana meM sarvathA varjanIya the|124 AbhUSaNoM meM hAra (aThAraha lar3I vAlA), ardhahAra (nau lar3I kA) vakSasthala kA AbhUSaNa (gale kA AbhUSaNa) mukuTa, lambI mAlA, svarNa sUtra Adi kA bhI ullekha hai / 125 194 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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roga-upacAra AcArAMga sUtra ke chaThe adhyayana meM solaha prakAra ke rogoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 126 1. gaMDI-vAta, pitta, zaleSa aura sannipAta-ye cAra gaMDI roga haiN| ise mAlA roga bhI kahA jAtA hai arthAt gaMDamAlA nAma bhI prasiddha hai| 2. kor3hI-arthAt kuSThI, kuSTha rogI, isa roga ke aThAraha bheda ginAye gaye haiN| inameM se sAta mahAkuSTa roga haiM, jaise-aruNa, udumbara, nizya, jinha, kapAla, kApanAda, pauNDarIka aura dadu / gyAraha kSudra kuSTa roga haiM, jaise-sthUlAruska, mahAkuSTa, kakuSTha, carmadala, parisarpa, visarpa, sidhma, vicarcikA, kiTibha, pAmA aura zavAruka aadi| 3. rAjasI-rAjasI, rAjAMsI, rAjayakSmA, dmaa| 4. apasmAta-vAta, pitta, zleSma aura sannipAtaja kI apekSA se cAra prakAra kA hai| isameM vyakti sat aura asat ke viveka se rahita ho jAtA hai tathA bhrama murchA kAma avasthA kA anubhava karane lagatA hai| bhrama ke Aveza se saMzaraNa karane lagatA hai| doSa yukta hokara smRtihIna ho jAtA hai| 5. kANika-akSI roga 6. jhimiya-jar3atA 7. kuNiya-garbha roga 8. khajjiya-kubar3Apana 9. udari-jalodara Adi roga 10. mUya-gUMgA 11. sUNIya-sUnatva (avayavoM kA zUnya ho jAnA) 12. gilAsaNI-bhasmaka vyAdhi 13. bebaI kampana 14. pIThasapi - jantu garbha doSa 15. silivaya-slIpada (kaThora paira) 16. mahu mehaNi-madhumeha, prameya isa taraha ke rogoM kA ullekha AcArAMga meM kiyA gayA hai| una rogoM ke nidAna ke liye kaI prakAra ke upacAroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaise-zvAsa roga ke rogI ke liye dravya auSadhI kI apekSA gAtra kA (zarIra ke) saMzodhana, zodhana aura virecana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| zarIra ko puSTa karane ke liye sahasra pAka tela kI AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 195 For Personal & Private Use Only

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mAliza kA ullekha hai| zarIra ko svastha rakhane ke liye snigdha padArthoM kI apekSA rukSa padArthoM para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| kodra, oTana, maMthU kulamAsa Adi jaise dhAnya balavardhaka haiN|128 cikitsA paddhati kA prayoga cikitsaka kiyA karate the / 129 cikitsaka vividhaM prakAra kI auSadhiyoM ke atirikta zarIra ko svastha rakhane ke liye virecana, saMzodhana, saMvardhana, snAna, saMvAhana, Adi para bala dete the| rogI ke upacAra ke liye cikitsaka vividha prakAra ke kvAtha (kAThe) raktavardhana auSadhiyoM, bhasmoM evaM cUrNa Adi kA prayoga karate the| kaI eka rogoM ke upacAra ke liye cikitsaka zArIrika lepa para bhI bala dete the| lepa meM bhI candana, haldI Adi ke lepa pramukha the|130 cikitsA paddhati meM cikitsaka zuddhatA aura azuddhatA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vacana bala se evaM maMtra Adi ke sAmarthya se bhI roga nidAna karatA thaa|131 manoraMjana ke sAdhana hajAroM varSa pUrva kI saMskRti meM bhI harSa yukta zabda, karNa priya zabda, karNa kaTu zabda, nindA, gAlI Adi kA pracalana thaa| vyakti apane manoraMjana ke liye jahA~ jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI zreSThatA kA guNagAna karatA thA; guru ke prati zraddhAvanata hotA thA; dIna-duHkhI jIvoM ke prati karuNA bhAva evaM zramaNoM ke prati sthitiparaka zabdoM kA prayoga karatA thA; vahIM laukika vyavahAra meM apanI-apanI bhaMgimAoM ke anusAra vividha prakAra ke vAdyoM, saMgIta Adi ke mAdhyamoM se manoraMjana karatA thaa| vRttikAra ne mUlataH do prakAra kI zabda zaktiyoM ko aGkita kiyA hai--1. dravya zabda aura 2. bhAva shbd| dravya zabda meM mRdaMga Adi ke zabdoM ko rakhA hai aura bhAva zabda meM ahiMsaka vicAroM ko rakhA hai| ahiMsaka bhAtra kIrti yukta hote the| usameM upa atizayoM se yukta bhagavan jinenda ke guNoM kA guNagAna kiyA jAtA thaa|132 __manoraMjana ke liye kathAnaka (AkhyAyikA kathA), nRtya, gIta, nATaka Adi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / 132 kucha yuddha Adi bhI hote the, unameM mahIpa yuddha (bhaiMse kA yuddha), vRSabha yuddha (baila kA yuddha), azva yuddha (ghor3oM kA yuddha) aura kapiMjala yuddha Adi prasiddha the|134 ___ vAdya yaMtroM meM mRdaMga, naMdI, jalarI, vINA, viSaMcI, badhIzakta, tUnaka, Dhola, tumbavINA, Dhankula, kaMsatAla, latikA, dyodikA, zaMkha, veNu, bA~sa (bA~surI), kharamUhI, kirakirI, tohADIko, pIripariya, kauliyaka Adi prasiddha the / 135 mUlataH ye manoraMjana grAmoM, nagaroM ke tirAhoM, caupAloM, caurAhoM, caturmukha sthAnoM, aTTAlikAoM, rAjamArgoM, nagara dvAroM, ArAmagAroM, udyAnoM, vanoM, upavanoM, devAlayoM, sabhAoM 196 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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Adi meM kiye jAte the| manoraMjana ko dekhane ke liye sabhI taraha ke loga upasthita hote the tathA ve apanI zakti, bhakti yA vAdya kalA kA pradarzana bhI karate the| vivAha maNDapoM meM azva yugala sthAnoM meM aura hasti yugala sthAnoM meM bhI manoraMjana hote the, kathA karane ke sthAna para ghur3a-daur3a, kuztI, pratiyogitA yA anya bar3e-bar3e sthAnoM para vizeSa mahotsavoM ke avasara para nRtya gIta, vAdya, taMtrI, tala, tAla, tuTit vAdya evaM anya manoraMjana ko pradAna karane vAle sAdhanoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| manoraMjana ke samaya meM striyA~ puruSa, buddha, Dahara (bAlaka) evaM yuvaka vizeSa AbhUSaNoM se yukta hokara gIta gAte haiN| vAdya bajAte haiM, nAcate haiM, ha~sate haiM, ramaNa karate haiM, eka dUsare ko mohita karate haiM, bahuta se azana, pAna aura khAdya kA upayoga bhI karate haiN| paraspara una padArthoM ko bA~Tate haiM, parosate haiM, parityAga karate haiM, aura kabhI-kabhI tiraskAra bhI karate haiM / 136 vANijya vANijya karma vizeSa rUpa se pratyeka yuga meM hote rahe haiM, vANijya karma ko karane vAle vyakti ke liye vaizya yA vaNika kahA jAtA hai| vaizya ke samudAya ko vaizya kula kahA gayA hai| vaizya 15 prakAra ke vyApAra ko karatA thA jise AgamoM kI bhASA meM karmAdAna kahA gayA hai| ye karmAdAna isa prakAra haiM 1. igAlakamme (aMgAra-karma), 2. vaNakamma (vana-karma), 3. sADI-kamma (sAThI kA karma), 4. bhAr3I-kamma (bhATI-karma), 5. phor3I-kamma (phoTI-karma), 6. daMta-vANijya (danta-vANijya), 7. lakkha-vANijya (lAkha-vANijya), 8. rasa-vANijya (rasa-vANijya), 9.kesa-vANijya (keza-vANijya), 10. visa-vANijya (viza-vANijya), 11. jaMta-pIlaNa-kamme (yaMtra pIlaNa karna), 12. nilaMlachaNa-kamma (nirlachana karma), 13. davaggidAvaNayA (dAvAgni karma),14. saradahatalAya sosaNayA (saradahatalAya zoSaNatA), 15. asaIvaNa posaNayA (asati jana possnn)| . . karma-samArambha arthAt vividha prakAra kI kriyAoM ko vaNika karate the| kSetra, vastu, dhana, dhAnya, traNika, kASTa-saMcaya, yAna,37 vAhana, bhojana, pAna, pAtra, kambala, svarNa, rajata, mANikya Adi vastuoM kA kraya evaM vikraya kiyA jAtA thaa| vyApAra meM manuSya aura pazu donoM ko hI sevaka rUpa meM rakhA jAtA thaa| tulA Adi nApane ke sAdhana bhI the|38 vyApAra ke liye vyApArI ApaNaka arthAt dukAna bhI rakhate the| ise paNNazAlA bhI kahA jAtA thA tathA paNiyazAlA bhI ise kahA gayA hai / 139 vastuoM kI kharIda ke liye dInAra nAmaka mudrA kA pracalana thaa|140 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 197 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kaI prakAra ke vyApAroM meM pazu vyApAra tathA dAsa, dAsI, naukara, cAkara Adi kA vyApAra bhI pracalita thaa| ghI, dUdha, dahI, makkhana, vastra Adi kA vyApAra bhI hotA thaa| 141 usa samaya meM jo mudrAe~ pracalita thIM una mudrAoM meM kucha aisI mudrAe~ bhI pracalita thIM jinameM khoTe sikke ko sthAna bhI diyA jA sakatA hai| arthAt kraya karane vAle vyakti vastuoM ke kharIdane ke liye jina sikkoM kA prayoga karatA thA, unameM nakalI sikke bhI pracalita ho gaye the / kRSi - vana, upavana, Adi kI vyApakatA ke sAtha kRSi karma kI vyApakatA bhI thI / gRhastha apanI AjIvikA ke liye vividha prakAra ke dhAnyoM kI upaja karate the aura usase nizcita hI apanI AjIvikA calAte rahe hoMge / isaliye vRttikAra ne kRSi sevA kA prayoga kiyA hai / 142 jaMtapilaNakamma davaggIdAvaNiyA kamma" kRSi se sambandhita hI karma haiN| kRSi karma karane vAle kisAnoM ke khetoM meM jo macAna hote the, ve palAlapuMja ke banAye jAte the / 143 kRSaka kRSi karma ke sAtha-sAtha dUdha, dahI, makkhana evaM pazu-pAlana Adi kriyAoM ko bhI karate the 144 mAnyatAe~-- 4 . 145 AcArAMga meM AcAra-vicAra sambandhI vivecana paryApta rUpa meM huA hai parantu kucha aisI prathAe~ haiM jo sAmAjika ciMtana ke liye mahattvapUrNa vicAra prastuta karate haiN| AcArAMga ke dhUttavAda kA vyAkhyAna kaI prakAra kI mAnyatAoM ko prastuta karatA hai, jaise--abhiSeka, abhisambhUta, abhisaMjAta, abhinibhbhaTa, abhisambuddha, abhisambaddha, Akrandana, Atura loka 46, vidyuta kalpI 147, bhAtR sammAna, AcArya bhakti, sneha bhAva, sahiSNutA" Adi mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai / dharohara prathA, ImAnadArI, eka dUsare ke prati vizvAsa kA bhI ullekha hai| mRtaka deha kA visarjana karane ke liye zmazAna bhUmi kA varNana hai / vRttikAra ne zmazAna ko pitRvana kahA hai149 dharmacakra pravartana caitya nirmANa150 aura stUpa 151 banavAne kI prathA bhI pracalita thI / 148 putra-janmotsava, bhakti, pUjA, guru-upAsanA, sevAbhAva, Atma-prazaMsA, maMtra - siddhi, yajJa, devI-devatAoM ke caitya, parvata, guphAe~, tAlAba, nadI Adi banavAne kI prathAe~ bhI pracalita thIM / vividha utsavoM ke sAtha gAthApati, gAthApati - kula evaM anya parijanoM Adi ke vicAroM kA ullekha hai / anya kaI mAnyatAe~ bhI pracalita thIM, jaise--muNDana saMskAra, karNa chedana, bhedana Adi / nabhodeva, garja deva, vidyuta deva, praviSTa deva, niviSTa deva, sUrya, candra, rAtri, agni, jala, samudra, pRthvI, vAyu Adi prakRti kI sampadAoM ko devatA mAnane jaisI prathAe~ bhI thIM / 198 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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pazu-pakSI AcArAMga meM vividha prakAra ke jIvoM kA vivecana hai| trasakAya jIvoM meM manuSya tathA pazu-pakSI Ate haiN| dvIndriya se lekara paJcendriya taka jIva trasa hote haiN| ve aMDaja, potaja, jarAyuja, rasaja, saMsvedana, saMmUrchima, udbhijja aura aupapAttika-isa taraha ATha prakAra ke jIvoM meM kaI zreNiyA~ A gaI haiN| utpatti sthAna kI dRSTi se una jIvoM kA vistAra jAnanA Avazyaka hai| isaliye unakA vistRta vivecana nimna prakAra se kiyA jA rahA hai 1. aMDaja-aMDoM se utpanna hone vAle mayUra, kabUtara, haMsa Adi / ___2. potaja-pota arthAt carmamaya thailii| pota se utpana hone vAle potaja. jaise-hAthI, valgulI aadi| 3. jarAyuja-jarAyu kA artha hai garbha-veSTana yA vaha jhillI, jo janma ke samaya zizu ko AvRta kiye rahatI hai| ise "jaira" bhI kahate haiN| jarAyu ke sAtha utpanna hone vAle jaise-gAya, bhaiMsa aadi| 4. rasaja-chAcha, dahI Adi rasa vikRta hone para inameM jo kRmi Adi utpanna ho jAte haiM, ve rasaja kahe jAte haiN| 5. saMsvedana-pasIne se utpanna hone vAle, jaise-jUM, lIkha Adi / 6. sammachima-bAharI vAtAvaraNa ke saMyoga se uttapanna hone vAle, jaise-makkhI, macchara, cIMTI, bhramara Adi / - 7. udbhijja-bhUmi ko phor3akara nikalane vAle, jaise-ToDa, pataMge Adi / 8. aupapAtika-"upapAta" kA zAbdaka artha hai-sahasA ghaTane vAlI ghaTanA / Agama kI dRSTi se devatA zaMyA meM, nAraka kumbhI meM utpanna hokara eka muhUrta ke bhItara hI pUrNa yuvA bana jAte haiM, isaliye ve aupapAtika kahalAte haiM / 56 pazuoM meM mRga, zUkara, citraka, mUSaka, vAraThThATa (hAthI), varAhA57, siMha, zvAna 58 kuttA, mArjarI,59 rIcha, go, mahiSa, baila, kukkuTa'60 Adi pazuoM kA ullekha milatA daNDa-vyavasthA samAja meM kaI prakAra ke doSa vyApta the| vyakti vividha prakAra ke baloM kA prayoga karate the artha ke lobha kI pravRtti thii| isaliye cora yA luTere bhI vyApta the| isaliye kaI prakAra kI daNDa vyavasthA thii| AcArAMga meM ATha kArya aise haiM jinake liye daNDa bhI diyA jAtA thaa| vRttikAra ne unakI vistAra se carcA kI hai daNDa kriyA meM daNDa samAdAna zabda kA prayoga huA hai.63 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 199 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #238
1. zarIra - bala- zarIra kI zakti ko bar3hAne ke liye madya, mAMsa Adi kA sevana karatA hai| 2. jJAti-bala-svayaM ajeya hone ke liye svajana sambandhiyoM ko zaktimAna banAtA hai svajana varga kI zakti ko bhI apanI zakti mAnatA hai 1 3. mitra- bala - dhana prApti tathA pratiSThA sammAna Adi mAnasika tuSTi ke liye zakti ko bar3hAtA hai / 4. pretya-bala 5. deva - bala - paraloka meM sukha pAne ke liye tathA devatA Adi ko prasanna kara unakI zakti pAne ke liye yajJa, pazubali, piNDadAna Adi karatA hai| 6. rAja-bala--rAjA kA sammAna evaM sahArA pAne ke liye kUTanItika cAleM calatA hai, zatru Adi ko parAsta karane meM sahAyaka banatA hai / 7. vIra - bala - dhana prApti tathA AtaMka jamAne ke liye cora Adi ke sAtha hai 1 8. atithi-bala 9. kRpaNa-bala 10. zramaNa-bala -- atithi- mehamAna, bhikSuka Adi, kRpaNa (anAtha, apaMga, yAcaka) aura zramaNa - AjIvaka, zAkya tathA nirmantha inako yaza, kIrti aura dharma puNya kI prApti ke liye dAna detA hai I gaThabandhana karatA cora evaM dasyu makAnoM meM seMdha lagAkara corI bhI karate the / daNDa ke rUpa meM aparAdhI ke liye kArAgAra meM DAlane kI vyavasthA thI / aparAdha ke anusAra aGga chedana kI prathA bhI thI / prastuta samagra vivecana samAja kI sAmAjika paristhitiyoM evaM samAja kI vyavasthAoM kA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai| samAja aura samAja kI saMskRti kA lekhA-jokhA vistAra se AcArAMga vRtti meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| usI ke anusAra kucha pakSoM ko dekhane kA prayAsa samAja aura saMskRti ke pakSa ko pratipAdita kara skegaa| mUlataH AcArAMga kA samAja zramaNa samAja aura gRhastha samAja hai / zramaNa jo kucha bhI samAja meM ghaTita hotA hai, unake samAdhAna ke liye nyAyAdhIza nahIM bana jAte haiM, ve to sadaiva samabhAva kI pravRtti ko liye hue dhArmika jIvana se Age bar3hate haiM, samAja ko bhI yahI dRSTi pradAna karate haiM jisase samAja kA sAmAjika varga acche-bure kA parijJAna karake sAtvika pravRtti kI ora agrasara ho sake, aisA prayatna karate haiM / sAMskRtika mUlyoM meM nagara, nadI, parvata, nyAya vyavasthA, rAjanIti vyavasthA, Arthika vyavasthA, daNDa vyavasthA Adi saba kucha hamArI saMskRti ke pUrva meM vidyamAna 200 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #239
pakSoM kI samIkSA karate haiN| AcArAMga vRtti ke vRttikAra zIlAMka AcArya ne zramaNa dharma ke isa bahumUlya evaM sarvaprathama AcAra siddhAnta kI vivecanA karane vAle AcArAMga sUtra grantha meM jo kucha bhI kathana the, usa para samyak rUpa se vivecana kiyaa| usameM sAmAjika, dhArmika, aitihAsika Adi jitane bhI pakSa the, una pakSoM para prakAza DAlanA sahaja kArya nahIM hai phira bhI yatra-tatra bikharI huI sAmagrI ko sameTa kara samAja ke svarUpa kA eka sAMskRtika pakSa apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa hogaa| isameM aitihAsika sAmagrI, dhArmika vyavasthA, zramaNa samAja, gRhastha samAja, zAsana vyavasthA, varNa vyavasthA, kuTumba evaM parivAra prathAe~, utsava, bhojana, AvAsa, gRha, vastrAbhUSaNa, roga-upacAra, manoraMjana ke sAdhana, vANijya, kRSi, prathAe~, pazu-pakSI, daNDa vyavasthA Adi viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 0.00 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 201 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #240
sandarbha grantha 1. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 2. vahI, pR. 3 3. vahI, pR. 4 4. vahI, pR. 97 44 218 6. vahI, pR. 171 7. vahI, pR. 218 8. vahI, pR. 86 9. vahI. pR. 171 10. . (ka) AcArAMga sUtra 2/368 (kha) A. vRtti 210 11. vahI, pR. 134 12. vahI, pR. 187 13. AcArAMga sUtra 2/298 14. AcArAMga vRtti, 201 15. vahI, pR. 201 16. vahI, pR. 205 17. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 212 18. vahI, pR. 219 19. vahI, pR. 219 20. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 286 21. AcArAMga sUtra 1/3 22. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 135 "zrAmyatIti zramaNo" 23. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 24 24. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra 1/4, pR. 21 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 36, 37 25. vahI, pR. 35 26. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 35 27. vahI, pR. 18 28. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 18 202 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #241
29. vahI, pR. 23 30. 31. 32. 33. vahI, pR. 180, 182 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 236 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 79 34. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 213 35. vahI, pR. 288 36. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 207 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, sUtra 2, pR. 18 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 54. 55. 56. 57. 37. 38. 39. vahI, pR. 216 40. AcArAMga vRtti, 49. vahI, pR. 59 42. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 281 43. vahI, pR. 14 88. vahI, pR. 118 45. vahIM, pR. 198 46. vahI, pR. 125 vahI, pR. 118 vahI, pR. 170 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 59 vahI, pR. 219 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 201 vahI. pR. 252 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 165, 166 vahI, pR. 125 vahI, pR. 59 vahI, pR. 59 bahI, pR. 170 vahI, pR. 252 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 281 58. vahI, pR. 14 59. vahI, pR. 59 60. vahI, pR. 59 69. vahI, pR. 200, 206 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only 203

Page #242
62. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 111 63. vahI, pR. 6 64. vahI, pR. 6 65. AcArAMga vRtti pR. 6 66. AcArAMga vRtti pR. 210 67. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 210 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 2. 69. vahI, pR. 8 70. vahI, pR. 135 71. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 218 72. vahI, pR. 218 73. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 72 74. AcArAMga sUtra 2/1, pR. 40 75. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 67 76. - AcArAMga sUtra 2/5, pR. 59 77. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 87 78. AcArAMga sUtra dvi, pR. 15/370 (ka) AcArAMga sUtra dvi zru. 4/46 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 224 80. vahI, pR. 224 81. AcArAMga sUtra dvizru. 1/5 vahI, 2/1/16 AcArAMga sUtra 2/15/362 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 281 . ___ AcArAMga sUtra 2/1/22 86. AcArAMga sUtra 2/26 . 87. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 231 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 231 vahI, pR. 230, 231, 232 90. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 232 91. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 40 / 92. vahI, pR. 224 93. vahI, pR. 232 94. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 215 204 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #243
95. AcArAMga sUtra-navam adhyayana, upadhAna sUtra 96. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zruta skandha, pR. 22 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 177 "drAkSA pAna Adi" 97. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 32-33 AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 231 99. AcArAMga sUtra-dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 246 100. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 224 AcArAMga vRtti pR. 177 102. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 247, 248 (kha) dazavaikAlika cUrNi, pR. 138 (ga) dazavaikAlika TIkA, pR. 139 103. AcArAMga vRtti, sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 102, 177 104. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 177 aura 187 105. AcArAMga sUtra-eka adhyayana, pR. 104 106. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 230 107. vahI, pR. 230 108. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 88 109. vahI, pR. 233 110. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 41 111. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 233 se 237 taka 112. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 237 113. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 239 114. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 141 115. vahI, pR. 244 116. vahI, pR. 275 117. AcArAMga sUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 2, 10 118. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 277 119. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 268 . 120. AcAsaMga vRtti, pR. 262 121. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 262, 263 122.. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 263 123. vahI, pR. 263 124. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 264, 265 125. AcArAMga sUtra dvi. zru., ,pA. 351 126. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 155 127. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 156, 157 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 205 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #244
128. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 209 129. vahI, pR. 92, 93 130. (ka) AcArAMga sUtra dvizru, pR. 51, 52 (kha) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 277 131. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 278 132. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 275 133. __ vahI, pR. 275 134. AcArAMga sUtra dvi. zru. pR. 333 135. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 275 (kha) sthAnAMga sthAna-2 (ga) nizItha cUrNi 136. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 275 137. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 244 138. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 51 139. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 244 140. vahI, pR. 242 141. vahI, pR. 246, 247, 248 142. AcArAMga sUtra--eka adhyayana, pR. 110 143. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 126 144. vahI, pR. 204 AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskandha, pR. 345 146. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 156, 157, 160 147. vahI, pR. 160 148. vahI, pR. 162 149. vahI, pR. 166 150. vahI, pR. 179 151. vahI, pR. 255 152. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 255 153. vahI, pR. 259 154. vahI, pR. 259 155. (ka) AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 47. (kha) vahI, pR. 45 vistAra ke liye dekheM 156. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 45 157. vahI, pR. 46 158. vahI, pR. 165 206 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #245
159. vahI, pR. 242 160. vahI, pR. 210 161. vahI, pR. 46 162. vahI, pR. 227 163. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 76, 77 164. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 227 000 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 207 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #246
AcArAMga-vRtti kA bhASAtmaka adhyayana AcArAMga kA sampUrNa vivecana sUtrAtmaka zailI meM hai; jisameM artha pratipAdaka mahAvIra ke vacanoM ko paJcama gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI ne sUtrabaddha kiyaa| artharUpa meM jo kucha bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA usI ko gaNadharoM ne tatkAlIna bhASA meM sUtrabaddha kiyaa| AcArAMga ke sabhI sUtra ArSa prAkRta meM haiN| bhASA vaijJAnikoM ne ArSa prAkRta ke tIna bheda kiye haiM-(1) ardhamAgadhI (2) zaurasenI aura (3) paalii| .: ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI ko mahAvIra vacana ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai aura pAlI ko buddha vacana ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai|' ArSa prAkRta se jaina aura bauddha ke AgamoM kI bhASA kA jJAna hotA hai| ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM AcArAMga Adi Agama sAhitya kA nirmANa huA hai| ardhamAgadhI ArSa prAkRta hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| AcArya hemacanda ne ArSa sUtra ke dvArA isake mahattva ko spaSTa kiyA hai| ardhamAgadhI ko RSi bhAsitA bhI kahA gayA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra meM ardhamAgadhI kI vizeSatAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga sUtra kI bhASA mUlataH jitane bhI Agama grantha haiM ve sabhI prAkRta meM haiN| aGga sUtra, upAMga sUtra, cheda sUtra, mUla sUtra Adi sabhI AgamoM kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI bhASA hai| isakI aitihAsika dRSTi para prakAza DAleM to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bhASA ke svarUpa meM sadaiva parivartana hotA rahA hai| AcArAMga kI bhASA jitanI prAcIna hai utanI anya AgamoM kI nahIM hai| AcArAMga ke sUtroM se hI yahI vidita hotA hai| bhASA-vicAra kI dRSTi se bhI AcArAMga kI bhASA prAcIna hai| isake prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA kI apekSA dvitIya zrutaskandha kI bhASA kucha zithila evaM sarala hai| isI taraha ke krama meM anya AgamoM kI bhASA ko bhI bhASAgata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para samajhA jA sakatA hai| AgamoM kI bhASA meM parivartana kA mukhya kAraNa yaha bhI rahA hai ki ye Agama pUrva meM nahIM likhe gaye the| mahAvIra ke pazcAt sudIrghakAla taka kaMThastha karane kI 208 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #247
paramparA thii| AgamoM kI surakSA ke lie samaya-samaya para vividha vAcanAe~ kI giiN| una vAcanAoM meM bhI bahuta antara rhaa| isase bhI AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM antara hotA gyaa| mUla bhASA jo bhI thI, usameM AgamoM ke vizeSajJa AcAryoM dvArA jo vividha sammelana Ayojita kiye gaye unase bhI bhASA parivartana huA hogA; kyoMki ve alaga-alaga prAntoM ke rahane vAle the| isalie unase bhI una pradezoM kI bhASAoM kA prabhAva par3A hogaa| mUla bhASA meM kaI mizraNa hue hoNge| bhASA aura zailI meM bhI kaI parivartana dikhAI par3ate haiN| zailI kI apekSA gadya aura padya do rUpoM meM AgamoM kI sUtra paddhati hai| sUtrakAroM kI apekSA vRttikAroM ne jo vyAkhyAtmaka paddhati kA prayoga kiyA, usameM vividha bhASAoM kA samAveza ho gyaa| niyuktikAroM ne sUtrAtmaka zailI para jo vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA vaha prAkRta bhASA meM chandobaddha hai bhASyakAroM ne inameM jo vivecana prastuta kiyA usameM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM kA samAveza ho gayA, cUrNikAroM ne bhI AcArAMga cUrNi meM prAkRta aura saMskRta ko adhika mahattva diyaa| AcArya zIlAMka ne jo vRtti likhI usameM AcArAMga ke mUla sUtra, niyuktikAroM kI niyuktiyA~ aura cUrNikAroM kI cUrNiyoM kA prabhAva hI spaSTa jhalakatA hai| zIlAMka AcArya ne AcArAMga kI vRtti likhate hue pratyeka viSaya ko vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| isakI zailI aura bhASA subodha evaM sarala hai| vRttikAra ne yaha vRtti mUla sUtra para kendrita karake likhI hai| isameM niyukti kA bhI sahArA liyA hai| vRttikAra ne yatra-tatra viSaya kI gaMbhIratA ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAkRta gAthAoM aura saMskRta ke zlokoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai| . zabda aura artha kI vizeSatA... zabda aura artha donoM hI bhASA ke mahattvapUrNa aGga haiN| parantu zabda kI apekSA artha ke saundarya para vRttikAra ne vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| unhoMne vRtti ke prArambha meM hI jo maMgalAcaraNa prastuta kiyA hai, usameM cAroM anuyogoM ke viSaya ko pratipAdita karane kI pratijJA kI hai| isI pratipAdana meM prAkRta kI gAthAoM ko aura saMskRta ke zlokoM ko prastuta karate hue vividha prakAra kI vyutpattiyA~ bhI dI haiN| jaise"zrutamitizrutajJAnam" yA "mAM mAlayatyapanayati bhavAditi mngglN"| . AcArAMga vRtti meM vRttikAra ne sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya viSaya ko pratipAdana karane meM lie tIna prakAra ke kAraNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA hai| jaise-(1) artha kI saralatA. (2) zabda kI madhuratA aura (3) paribhASA kI prmukhtaa| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 209 For Personal & Private Use Only

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artha kI vizAlatA vRttikAra sUtra zailI ko prakaTa kara usake artha ko adhika se adhika spaSTa karate hue hI Age bar3hA hai| jaise-anuyoga zabda para vicAra karate hue vRttikAra ne anuyoga kA svarUpa, anuyoga kI vyutpatti, anuyoga ke bheda, anuyoga kI nikSepa paddhati Adi dI hai| isI taraha pratyeka sthala para vRttikAra ne mUla sUtroM evaM niyukti yukta padoM Adi ke artha gAMbhIrya para adhika dhyAna diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga vRtti pAThakoM ke samakSa naya, nikSepa Adi ko sarala rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| vRtti meM gadya aura padya kA mizraNa sampUrNa vRtti meM gadya pradhAna hai| gadya kI sukumAratA ke lie vRttikAra ne AkarSaka zabdAvaliyoM, madhura padoM, viSayagata vivecana evaM vividha saMdarbho ko sthAna diyaa| isase gadya adhika prabhAvazAlI tathA bhAvoM ko jAgRta karane vAle bana ge| viSaya evaM zabda artha kI prastuti ke lie jo vividha dRSTAnta diye haiM, ve adhika rocaka evaM artha ke saundarya se paripUrNa haiN| artha kI adhikatA evaM saundaryatA ko lie hue vRttikAra ne gadya ke atirikta jo padya prastuta kiye haiM ve jJeya tattva se paripUrNa haiN| prAkRta meM jitanI bhI gAthAe~ dI haiM ve subodha evaM sahaja rUpa meM kaMThastha kI jA sakatI haiN| isa taraha vRttikAra kA yaha prayAsa gadya evaM padya ke mizraNa se yukta nizcita hI sarAhanIya hai| vRtti kI zailI AcArAMga vRtti kI zailI naya aura nikSepa para AdhArita hai| vRttikAra ne jo kucha bhI vivecana kiyA hai usameM nAma nikSepa, sthApanA nikSepa, dravya nikSepa aura bhAva nikSepa-ina cAra nikSepoM ke atirikta nikSepa ke sAta prakAra bhI diye haiM, jaise-nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, tApa, prajJApaka aura bhAva ruup| isa nikSepa paddhati para AdhArita sampUrNa sUtra kA viSaya nAnA prakAra ke vivecana ko prastuta karatA hai| jaise-eka jIva tattva ko hI leM-vRttikAra ne isa jIva tattva para kathana kiyA hai ki jIva hai| jIva kyA jAnatA hai? jIva nahIM jAtA hai? jIva asat hai? jIva avatavya hai? jIva nitya hai? ityAdi / isI taraha vRttikAra ne jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi ke viSaya meM prAkRta meM hI kahA hai, vinaya se jJAna, jJAna se darzana, darzana se cAritra, cAritra se mokSa aura mokSa se avyAvAdha sukha prApta hotA hai| AcArAMga vRtti kI zailI meM jo bhI vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha artha ke rahasya ko kholatA huA sUtra kI vAstavikatA ko aGkita kara detA hai / vRnikAra ne viSaya ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie saMkSipta kathAoM kA bhI sahArA liyA hai| jaise-sahasammati pada ko samajhAne ke lie vRttikAra ne dRSTAnta diyA hai210 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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basantapura nagara meM jitazatru nAma kA rAjA thaa| dhAraNI nAma kI usakI patnI thii| aura dharmaruci nAmaka usakA putra thaa| ina tInoM ke vicAroM tathA rAjakumAra ke jAtismaraNa jJAna ko sahasammati arthAt AtmajJAna ke udAharaNa ko prastuta kiyaa| vRttikAra ne AcArAMga sUtra ke mUla sUtra ko samajhAne ke lie nimnalikhita tIna sAdhana udAharaNa sahita prastuta kiye haiN| isI taraha rAjagRha nagarI ke rAjA jitazatru kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai|9 1. sahasammati yA svamati, 2. para-vyAkaraNa, 3. anya atizaya-jJAniyoM ke vacana / praznottara zailI AcArAMga sUtra kI sUtrAtmaka zailI ko pUrNata: praznottara rUpa meM hai| kahIM-kahIM para prazna to prastuta kiye gaye haiM para unake uttara nahIM diye gaye haiM. jaise "saMti pANga puDhosiyA lajjamANA puDho pAsa"12 sUtrakAra ne prazna ke uttara ko atyanta hI sarala rUpa meM diyA hai| prazna ke jitane bhI uttara haiM, ve sabhI bodhagamya haiM, jaise ke gotAvAdI? ke mANajJavAdI? kaMsi vAege gijjhe ? 13 / arthAt kauna gautravAdI hogA? kauna mAnavAdI hogA? aura kauna eka gotra meM Asakta hogA? isakA uttara eka sarala rUpa meM isa prakAra diyA hai ki jo vyakti inase mukta hokara samabhAva ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha ucca gotra kI prApti para harSita nahIM hotA hai| aura na nIca gotra kI prApti para dukhita hotA hai| aise aneka prazna haiM aura una aneka praznoM ke samAdhAna bhI sarala DhaMga se prastuta kiye gaye haiN| par3hane vAlA yA sunane vAlA kisI bhI taraha kA vikalpa kara sakatA thA, parantu usa vikalpa ke pUrva hI sUtrakAra ke sUtra meM use samAdhAna mila jAtA hai / vRttikAra ne sUtrakAra kI zailI ko naye rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| jise vRttikAra kI dRSTi se nikSepa dRSTi kaha sakate haiN| yathA 1. nIca gotra kA bandha-nIca gotra kA udaya aura nIca gotra kI sttaa| 2. nIca gotra kA bandha-nIca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 3. nIca gotra kA bandha-ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 4. ucca gotra kA bandha-nIca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 5. ucca gotra kA bandha-ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 6. bandhAbhAva-ucca gotra kA udaya aura ubhaya kI sattA / 7. bandhAbhAva-ucca gotra kA udaya aura ucca kI sattA / 15 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 211 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pratyeka prANI ne aneka bAra ucca gotra aura nIca gotra meM janma grahaNa kiyA hai| ataH una para kaisA ahaMkAra kare? aura kisa rUpa meM viSAda kare? kyoMki apane hI kiye hue pramAda ke kAraNa se andhA, baharA, gUMgA, la~gar3A, kAnA, bonA, kubar3A, kAlA, citakabarA Adi hotA hai aura aneka yoniyoM meM janma lete haiN| ina sabhI kI vRttikAra ne jo praznottarI prastuta kI hai, vaha pUrNataH nikSepa paddhati para AdhArita hai| isameM unhoMne prAkRta aura saMskRta ke samanvaya ke rUpa ko AdhAra banAyA hai / 16 nikSepa paddhati vRttikAra ne sarvatra nikSepa paddhati ko hI apanAyA hai| vyAkhyA ke lie jise ucita kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vRttikAra dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI pradhAnatA ko lekara vivecana prastuta karatA hai| usake isa vivecana. meM vastu tattva ke sabhI abhiprAyoM ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| 1. jIva svata: nahIM hai, kAla se, 2. jIva parata: nahIM hai, kAla se| isI taraha ke vivecana ko vRttikAra ne sarvatra prastuta kiyA hai| sUtrakAra ke sUtra ke "ahaM AsI" para nimna paddhati vRttikAra ne dI hai| 1. jIva svataH nitya hai, kAla se, 2. jIva svataH anitya hai, kAla se, 3. jIva parataH nitya hai, kAla se| 4. jIva parataH anitya hai, kAla se|7 "se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kambhAvAdI kiriyAvAdI"98 / / - isa sUtra para vRttikAra ne jo vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, vaha nikSepa paddhati para hI AdhArita hai| isake pUrva ke vivecana meM bhI vRttikAra ne kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, jJAnavAdI, vinayavAdI, AtmavAdI aura lokavAdI ityAdi dArzanikoM ke dArzanika mata kA vivecana isI paddhati para AdhArita hai| naya paddhati nikSepa paddhati kI taraha vRttikAra ne apane vivecana ko naya paddhati para bhI prastuta kiyA hai| usameM bhI dravyArthika naya aura paryAyArthika naya kI pramukhatA hai| isake atirikta naya kI bhaMga paramparA ko sarvatra dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaise 1.pUrvotthAyI no pazcAnnipAtI / 2. pUrvotthAyI pazcAnnipAtI / 3. no pUrvotthAyI pshcaannipaatii| 4. no pUrvotthAyI no pazcAnnipAtI / 19 vyutpattimUlaka zailI __ vRttikAra kI yaha pramukha zailI hai / unhoMne sarvatra zabda ke vizleSaNa ko prastuta karane ke lie zabda ke artha ke sAtha isa zailI ko apanAyA hai, jaise dizatiti dik ati sRjati vyapadiziti dravyaM dravyaM bhAgaMveti bhaavH|20 212 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kaSAya jIva zabda kI vyutpatti kaI rUpoM meM kI gaI hai, jaise-jo Ayu karma se jIvita hai, vaha jIva hai| jo prANoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha jIva hai :21 aNagAra (anagAra) navighate'gAraM gRhameM paamityngaaraaH|22 / AtmA (AtmA) atati-macchati satata gati pravRtta AtmA jIvo'stIti / 23 AyAra (AcAra) Acaryate Asevyata ityaacaarH|24 AyAvAdI (AtmAvAdI) AtmAnaM vadituM zIlamasyeti / 25 AvataH yo guNaH zabdAdikaH sa AvarttaH Avartante paribhramanti prANino yatra sa AvartaH / 26 upakrama upakramo nikSepo'nugamo nayaH / 27 aupapAtika upapAtaH prAdurbhAvo janmAntara saMkrAntiH upamAle 'bhava aupapAtika iti / 28 karmavAdI sa evAsubhAn karmavAdI / 29 kaSAya kaSAyAH kaSaH sNsaarH| saMsArassa ummUlaM kammaM tassavi huMti ya ksaayaa|' kAma:kAmI kAmAn kAmayitum-abhilaSituM zIlamasyeti kAmakAmI / 32 kriyAvAdI tathAya evaM kramavAdI sa evaM kriyAvAdI / 333 dravyAzrayiNa: sahavartino nirguNA guNaH iti / 4 gurukula guroH kulaM gurukulaM / 35 gocarI karmaNA saMsAracakre'nuparivarttamAnaH paryaTannAyata cakSupo gocarI / 36 grAma: grasati buddhayAdIn gaNanitigamyovA'STAdazajJanAM karANAmiti graamH| jIvitavAn jIvati jIviSyatIti vA jIvaH / 38.. taiH karmabhiH sa jiivo| jIvitimiti jIvantyanenAyuH karmaNeti jIvitaM prANadhAraNam / 39 jJAna cetayati yena taccitaM jJAnaM / 40 jIva saMyama jIveSu saMyamA jiivsNymH|41 tirazcInaM gacchan prekSate42 sa trasAH trasyanti / 43 dravyabhAga dizatIti dik atisRjati vyapadizati dravyaM dravyabhAgaM veti guNa tiryak bhaavH|4 nakara . nAtrakaro vidyata iti nakaraM / 45 naya. upakramo nikSepo'nugamo nyH|46 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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pti mokSa loka loka niyukti nizcayenArthapratipAdikA yukti niyuktiH| niSpratikarmazarIra mRtArcA-mRteva-mRtAsaMskArAbhAvAdA / zarIraM yeSAM te tathA, niSpati karma shriiraa|8 pApa mokSa pAtayati pAsayatIti vA pApaM / tasmAnmokSaH pApamokSaH iti / 49 bhikSaNa zIlo bhikSuH sa bhikSuH kAlajJaH ucitaanucitaavsrtH|50 jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokssH|51 . logo vahabajjhai jahaya taM pajahi yavvati, vijitabhAvalokena saMyamasthitena loko / lokayatIti loka;, lokaH praannignnH|53. . logavipassI lokavidarzI lokaM viSayAnuSaGgAvezAt duHkhAtizayaM tathA vyaktakAmAvat prathama sukhaM vividhaM draSTuM zIlamasyeti lokavidarzI / 54 vaya vayaH kumArAdi atyeti-atIva-eti-yAti atyeti / 5 vRkSa vRkSayanta iti vRkssaaH|56 vyaMjana vyajyate AviSyate'rtho'neneti vyajaMna / 57 . zamita darzana zamitam upazamaM nItaM darzanaM, dRSTinimasyeti zamita-darzanaH / 58 zastra zasyante-hisyante'nena prANina iti zastraM zasyate'neneti zastraM / 59 saMprekSa saMprekSayA paryAlocanayA evaM saMprekSya vA bhayAt kriyate / 60 saMsAra jaMmUlAMga sa saMsAra / 61 saMsAra saMsAro jatthete saMsarIti jiA saMsaranti svabhAva: saMsArA / 62 samita darzana samatAmi-gataM darzanaM-dRSTi ralveti samitadarzanaH / 63 svabhAva vastunaH svata eva tathA pariNati bhAvaH svabhAvaH / / zrAmyatIti zramaNo ytiH|5 isa taraha ke aneka nirUkti zabda isameM samAhita hai| paribhASAtmaka zailI vRttikAra zIlaMka AcArya ne mUla sUtrakAra ke sUtroM ke zabdoM para jo nAnA prakAra kI paribhASAe~ dI haiM, ve atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| sUtrakAra kevala sUtra ke rUpa meM jina zabdoM ko prastuta kara sakA, una zabdoM ko lekara vRttikAra ne nAnA prakAra ke lakSaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiM, jaise-medhAvI, isakA artha kuzala evaM jJAnavAna kiyA hai| aura kahA hai, "jo mana, vacana, kAya se karma bandhana ke hetu ko jAnatA hai vaha medhAvI hai|"66 mokSamArga ke viSaya meM unhoMne kahA hai ki jahA~ samyak jJAna, samyak darzana 214 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana zramaNa For Personal & Private Use Only

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aura samyaka cAritra kI saMgati hotI hai vaha mokSamArga hai| anyatra bhI isako isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra yukta mokSamArga hai| isI taraha mahAvIthI zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki samyak darzana Adi rUpa mokSamArga hai, yahI mAhavIthI hai|68 1. mokSamArga-aSTa prakAra kI karma saMtati rUpa mokSamArga hai|69 2. mokSa saMghI-jJAna, darzana aura cAritra pradhAna mokSamArga meM sambhAvAtmaka pravRtti / 70 3. acela-jina kalpita bhAva se yukta nirgrantha avsthaa| 4. samAdhimaraNa-paramArtha hetu upakrama / 72 5. dhIra-pariSaha aura upasarga rahita / 73 sUktiyA~ AcArAMga vRtti meM sUktiyoM kA bhaMDAra hai| isameM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM meM hI sUktiyA~ haiN| kucheka sUktiyA~ yahA~ dI jA rahI haiN| prAkRta sUkti1. hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM hayA annANao kriyaa| pAsaMto paMgulo dar3o, dhAvamANo ya aMdhavo // 4 2. guttA guttIhiM savvAhiM samiIhiM sNjyaa| jayamANagA suvihiyA erisayA hu~ti aNagArA / 5 3. paNayA vIrA mahAvIhiM / 76 4. je guNe se AvaTTe je AvaTTe se guNe / 5. saMti pANajJa puDho siyaa|8 6. kaTeNa kaMTaeNa va pAe viddhassa veyaNaTTassa / 7. viNayA. NANaM NANAu daMsaNaM daMsaNAhi caraNaM tu / caraNAhiMto mokkhoM mukkhe sukkhaM aNAvAhaM // 8deg 8. khaNaM jANAhi pNddie|' 9. kAmA durtikmaa|82 .. 10. AgAse gaMgasouvva / / 3 / / 11.. bAlugA kavalo ceva, nirAsAe hu sNjmo| 12. tumameva tumaM mittaM kiM bahiyA mittamicchasi / 13. je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANaI / 6 14. je AyA se vinnAyA je vinnAyA se aayaa| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 215 For Personal & Private Use Only

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saMskRta sUktiyA~1. kAlaH pacati bhUtAni, kAlaH saMharate prajJAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgarti, kAlo hi durtikrmH||8 2. sukhakAmo bahuduHkhaM saMsAra manAdikaM bhramati / 3. vIrabhogyA vasundhare / 90 4. yAgo niyAgo mokSaH maargH|91 5. jinapravacane zamanaM shaantiH|12 6. vinayaphalaM zuzrUSA guruzuzrUSAphalaM zrutajJAnam / jJAnasyaphalaM viratirviratiphalaM cAzravanirodhaH / 93. 7. kAmeSu giddhA niciyaM karanti / 94 8. apakAriNi kopazcetkope kopaH kathaM na te?95 .. 9. na jAyate na mriyate, naiva chindati zastrANi naivaM dahati ssaavkH|96 / 10. kriyaiva phaladA pusAM na jJAnaM phaladaM matam / 27 vRttikAra ne saMskRta meM jo vRtti likhI hai, usameM kaI taraha kI saMskRta sUktiyA~ haiN| parantu yahA~ kevala kucha hI sUktiyoM dvArA isakI zailI kA vivecana kiyA hai| anekArthavAcI zabda 1. nijA AtmIyA bAndhavAH suhRdo8 2. vayaH kumAra: yauvanaM / 29 / 3. dhI, buddhi / 220 4. muni, mumukSu01, muni, yati, mukta 02 5. prANI, jIva, sattavaM, bhUta 03 6. pANA bhUyA jIvA sattA 04 ityAdi kaI anekArthavAcI zabda bhaNDAra isameM haiN| dRSTAnta (kathAtmaka) - vRttikAra ne AcArAMga sUtra kI vRtti meM aneka dRSTAnta diye haiN| ina dRSTAntoM ke AdhAra para viSaya ko sarala banAyA gayA hai| yahA~ kevala unake nAmamAtra diye jA rahe haiN| 1. vasantapura nagara meM jitazatru nAma kA rAjA thaa| dhAriSI unakI patnI thii| dharmaruci nAmaka putra thaa| dharmaruci ne anAkuTTi ke lie sabakucha tyAga kara dIkSA lekara AtmakalyANa kiyA / . mumukSu AtmAoM ke lie parijJA karanA sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai, isake binA Age pragati nahIM ho sakatI hai| jaise-varNamAlA meM "a" aura aGkagaNita meM "eka" ko jAne binA Age nahIM bar3hA jA sakatA hai / 106 216 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. jaise navIna garbha meM utpanna hAthI kA zarIra kalala avasthA meM drava rUpa meM hotA hai kintu vaha sacetana hai usI taraha dravyAtmaka jalakAya ko bhI sacitta samajhanA caahie| 07 4. jaise devatA kA zarIra cakSu dvArA nahIM dikhane para bhI cetanA vAlA samajhA jAtA hai / 108 ___anurAga ke kAraNa parazurAma ne pitA ke nAzaka vairI para dveSa ke kAraNa sAta bAra kSatriyoM kA nAza kiyaa|109 strI kathA, bhakta kathA, deza kathA aura rAja kathA anAvazyaka bAteM haiN| jo ki kathA pramAda hai, ise nahIM karanI caahie| jo saMyama kI sAdhikA na hokara vAdhikA hai / 10 bhogAMsakta gaNikA 11 kA udAharaNa bhI vRttikAra ne diyA hai| brahmadatta cakravartI sanatakumAra kA udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA hai / 12 udayasena rAjA ke vIrasena va sUrasena do putra haiN| vIrasena andhA hai, jo samyaktva meM pradhAna hai / 113 bhImasena, bhIma, satyabhAmA, mAmA Adi kA varNana bhI bar3A sundara kiyA hai / 14 ATha stambhoM, adRSTa divya zakti, ekadhanI seTha, eka bhikhArI ko svapna AyA, mathurA ke rAjA jitazatru, eka bar3A sarovara, svayaMbhU-ramaNa, devAdhiSThita pAzoM kA, eka vizAla stambha Adi ye dasa dRSTAntoM se manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA batAI gaI hai| kisI bhikhArI ko kahIM se thor3A dUdha prApta huaa| dahI, ghI banAkara paise prApta karU~gA, vaha isI kalpanA meM DUbA rhaa| isI prakAra saMsArI prANI kalpanAoM meM DUbA rahatA hai| tiloM meM tela hotA hai, bAlukA meM nhiiN| gajasukumAla kI kSamA kA udArahaNa diyA gayA hai somila brAhmaNa ne jalate hue aGgAre sira para DAla diye| lekina vo samatA-yoga se aTala rahe / 117 ___pA~ca prakAra kI labdhiyA~ prApta hotI haiM-(1) kSayopazamalabdhi,(2) vizuddhilabdhi, (3) dezanAlabdhi, (4) prAyogalabdhi aura (5) karaNalabdhi / 18 / - araNyaka zrAvaka kI niDaratA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| araNyaka kI dharma-dRr3hatA kI prazaMsA karake aura do kuMDala kI jor3I bheMTa karake deva calA gayA / 619. viSaya-vAsanA, billI, kacce nAriyala, sUrya kI ora netra, megha garjanA, phUTI hA~DI, cintAmaNi ratna Adi udAharaNa diye haiM / 120 - nauvAM upadhAna zrutaskandha adhyayana meM mahAvIra kI caryA, vihAra, Asana, tapa, Adi dRSTAntoM se paripUrNa haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 017 For Personal & Private Use Only

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PM ikA u isI taraha dvitIya zrutaskandhoM meM dRSTAntoM kI bharamAra hai| kuSTharoga,21 AhAra sthAna,22 bhikSu pratijJA,23 siMha, vyAghra Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| dhvani parivartana___dhvani parivartana do prakAra se hotA hai-(1) svAbhAvika aura (2) pristhitijny| dhvani kA yaha parivartana Adi, madhya, antya balAghAta, svara bhakti Adi ke rUpa meM hotA hai| bhASA vaijJAnika dRSTi se dhvani parivartana ke tIna vizeSa kAraNa haiM-(1) svara parivartana (2) sarala vyaMjana parivartana aura (3) saMyukta vyaMjana parivartana / svara parivartana yahA~ kucha hI parivartana die jA rahe haiM, jaisea-A samihi-sAmiddhi, pagaDa-pAgaDa a-i aGgAI-iMgAla (215), sijjA (zayyA) (239) a-u . gavaya-gauo a--e sejja (zayyA) (4) asupAla-isupAlaM (264), ucchu (ikSu), duviha, duvAlasa (4), duve (202) A-o Abogau (avyAkRta) (213) nikkhevo-nikkhive (3), khitta (6, 239) ittha-ettha (75) i-e paDisehio-(pratiSiddha) (86) . o-u vimukkho (vimokSa), mukkha (mokSa) (174) R-a taNaphAsA (191) baMdhra (brahma) (3) dhiraM (dhRti) (108) raDDI (119) isi (279) bhigaghaDa ujju-(Rju) (103) R-o mRSA-mosA-(256, 257) ai-e veyAvaccaM-(4) ai-ai baTUra (vaira) au-o osahi--(215) au-au kauhala ava-o samoyAre-(3) ogAhaMte (22), ogADha (avagADa) (22) 218 ___ AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana R-3 R-u For Personal & Private Use Only

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svara parivartana ke Agama tathA lopa, ye do bheda bhI hote haiN| ina donoM bhedoM meM Adi Agama, Adi lopa, madhya Agama, madhya lopa aura antya Agama aura anta lopa bhI hotA hai| Agama1. Adi svarAgama itthI (100) '2. madhya svarAgama caMdami-sUrima (115), samiyA (23) carima (174), muTuMga (mRdaMga) (219) 3. anta svarAgama saraya (zarada), bhagavaa (bhagavat) (206) lopa 1. Adi svaralopa raNNa (araNya) (179), thI (85) itthI 2. madhya svaralopa evaMpi (evaMapi) (207) saI pi (216) sI uNha (89) 3. anta svaralopa kasA (kasAa) vyaMjana lopa Adi vyaMjana lopa-thImi (85) strI, thaMbha, thava madhya- vyaMjana lopa-saMkiya khaliyaM-(102) sammAvAoM (117) sI uNha (89), rAula, kuMmAro anta vyaMjana lopa jAva, tAva (63) vyaMjana lopa ke anya prakAra prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM ka, ga, ca, ja, ta, da, pa, va, ya kA lopa ho jAtA hai / 124 loo (55) gocchao (gocchaka) (185) sAara-(sAgara) bhagavayA suttaruI (64), baiguttohae-(182) maNuyAu (64), rAo (66), rayatta (rajata) (185) jiasaMjamo (jitasaMjamo) (7) hiakari-(74) suyaM (zrutaM) (8) nisAeNaM-(niSAdena) (6), AimUlaM (52) Aesa (212) viDala (vidula) diaha (divasa) odai-uvaesa (58) kasAo (kaSAya) (64) ciogo (179) vyaMjana parivartanaka kA ga logasAra (6), sobAga (sopAga) (6) kha-ha suha (sukha) muha (219) AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 219 16 F (p N o . 0, For Personal & Private Use Only

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A Ta-Da Tha-Dha na-Na ya-va du bha-ha gha-ha oha (oga) (81) ta-Da AhaDa (Ahata) (187), abhihar3a (abhihata) (187) ta-la latAga (219) kAha (krodha) (18), mehuNa (maithuna) (8) paDhamI (212), puDhavI (245) vAhI (69) uvahANa (upadhAna) (198) par3alAI (185) (paTala) kaDa (kaTu) (278) saDhasIlo (64), pIr3ha (269) . Naro (51), NANaM (13), nANa (26) / noTa-ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM na kA Na evaM na kA na bhI banA rahatA hai| nANa (26). pa-pha phAsuga phAsuya (279) uvaesa (58), pAvamatI (64), pivAsA (69) suhala (suphala) loha (lobha) (8), Nahacara (255) yaja saMjama (saMyama) (6), ajoga (ayoga) (6) za, Sa, sa-sa usama (5) sesA (5) saMyukta vyaMjana parivartana yahA~ para kucha hI saMyukta vyaMjana parivartana ke udAharaNa diye jA rahe haiN| kSa-ha guNadehI kSa-kha prAraMbha meM kheyaNNa (119) kSetrajJa' kSa-kkha lakkhaNa (279) pakkha (283) putta (putra) (224) tta-TTa paTTaNa (190) sacca (190) chinna (190) ddha-jjha bujjha (buddha) (156), sujjhai, sunjhae (198) dhya-jya ajjhayaNa (198) vya-vv dravya (davava) (198) ddha- Dha saDDA (245), buDDha (249) 220 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana tya-cca na For Personal & Private Use Only

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kheyaNNa dha-jja tma-ppa pta-khipta kSipta (253) jJa-na (001) kAlanna (kAlajJa) viNayanna (vinayajJa) (88) (119) sajja (276) sadda (276) satti (276) appa (5) (26) ne-NNa vaNNa (5), savva (5) noTa:-repha yukta saMyukta vyaMjana hone para ra kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura avaziSTa kA dvitva ho jAtA hai| jaise-tittha (tIrtha) (7), savva (10), kamma (karma) (10) / vyaMjana Agama 1. Adi vyaMjana Agama-risaha, risi 2. madhya vyaMjana Agama-puDhavikkAe (22), vAuddese (50), assaMjamo (100) 3. anta vyaMjana Agama-sattaga sattaga (45), saMdhiyapuvvaM (51) viparyaya svara, vyaMjana aura akSara jaba eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna ko prApta hote haiM, to inake paraspara parivartana ko viparyaya kahate haiN| jaise-teiccha (kitsaka) (93), varANasI (baanaarsii)| dIrgha kA hasva samAsAnta pada meM dIrgha kA hrasva ho jAtA hai| kucha aise bhI dIrgha zabda hote haiM jo saMyukta hone para bhI hrasva ko prApta ho jAte haiN| vIriya- virio-(4) yaha svataMtra zabda hai, isakA prathama dIrgha zabda hrasva ho gyaa| jaise-joNilakkhAo (16), puDhavijIvA-(19), aNuputveNa (182, 173, 175) / hrasva kA dIrgha samAsAnta pada meM hrasva svara kA dIrgha ho jAtA hai| aMDApoaa (45), maImayA (206) / AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 221 For Personal & Private Use Only

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samIkaraNa1. purogAmI samIkaraNa nijjutti (101), tivva (101), nivvANa (101) 2. pazcagAmI samIkaraNa kamma (97), savva (5), sadda (104) anunAsika prayoga daMsaNaM (13) ghoSIkaraNa logAgAsa (21), vivega (174) / mahAprANIkaraNa alpa prANa yukta dhvaniyA~ kahIM-kahIM para mahAprANa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiN| jaise-phAsuga-phAsuya (270) / uSmIkaraNa kha, gha, tha, dha aura ma ke sthAna meM "ha" ho jAtA hai| jaise-muha (219) oha (oga) (81), vAhI (69), mehAvI (44), loha (lobha) (8) / viSamIkaraNa 1. purogAmI viSamIkaraNa-vaNassai (44), 2. pazcagAmI viSamIkaraNa-baMmacera / saMjJA evaM sarvanAma zabda ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM pada racanA kI dRSTi se pulliga, strIliMga aura napuMsakaliMga ke rUpa haiN| akArAnta ikArAnta, IkArAnta, ukArAnta, akArAnta ke rUpa meM saMjJA zabda pracalita hai| yahA~ sabhI taraha ke rUpoM ko nahIM diyA jA rahA hai| apitu parivartana yukta rUpoM ko hI prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| jaise1. akArAnta pulliga zabdoM ke prathamA vibhakti ke ekavacana meM prAyaH "e" pratyaya hotA hai| jaise-aNagAre (28), kheyaNNe (35), mo, mAre (48), celakaNNe (50) / 2. vRttikAra kI vRtti meM prAya: "o" pratyaya kA prayoga huA hai| jaise--sAro (5), AyAro (5), so (5), jIvo (7), bhAvoM (7), guNo (100), sIyadharo (100) / 3. tRtIya vibhakti ke ekavacana meM kahIM-kahIM para "sA" pratyaya kA prayoga huA hai| jaise--maNasA, vAyasA, kaaysaa| 222 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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4. caturthI vibhakti ke ekavacana me nimna pratyaya hote haiMssa-sArassa (132), maramANarassa (106) / Aya-dhammamAyAya (113), pariNNAya (109) / Ate-dhammAte Aye-kammArya 5. paJcamI vibhakti ke ekavacana aura bahuvacana meM Ato, Atu pratyayoM kI bahulatA hai| A. o aura Au pratyaya bhI prayukta hue haiN| Ato-dhammAto, Atu-dhammAtu Ao kammAo, Au muhAu (106), NANAu (59) / noTa-paJcamI ekavacana meM hiMto zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| jaise-caraNAhiMto (59) / saptamI vibhakti ke ekavacana meM siM pratyaya kI bahulatA hai| isake atirikta ssi, mmi aura e pratyaya pAye jAte haiN| jaise-samaNe niggaMthe (115), samayaMsi (65), gAmaMsi (221), uyassi teyassi, jasassi (243), daMsaNaMmi (118), tavaMmi (119) / 6. tRtIyA ke bahuvacana meM hi, hiM, hiM, pratyaya hote haiM,125 ina pratyayoM meM se "hi" aura hiM pratyayoM kI bahulatA hai| jaise--diDhehiM (120), eehiM sarIrehiM (20), tehi guNehi jehiM (20) / 7. strIliMga zabdoM ke tRtIyA vibhakti se lekara saptamI vibhakti ke ekavacana paryanta "e" pratyaya kI bahulatA hai| jaise-pehAe (128) / 8. sarvanAma zabdoM meM pulliga Adi kI taraha pratyaya lagate haiN| jaise-assi ___ (161), sarla (161), tumaMsi (168) / kriyA aura usakI vizeSatAe~1. vartamAna kAla prathama ekavacana meM "ti" pratyaya hotA hai| jaise-bhavati (177), avaharati (81) / 2. vartamAna kAla prathama puruSa ekavacana meM i aura e pratyaya bhI hote haiN| .. jaise-pasaMsie (97), samuvei (81) / noTa-bhaviSyatakAla meM bhaviSyatakAla ke pratIka pratyaya "spa" aura "hi" ke pazcAt - vartamAna kAla kI taraha pratyaya lagAkara rUpa banAye jAte haiN| 3. vartamAna kAla uttama puruSa bahuvacana bhaviSyatakAla meM isa taraha kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| jaise-AgamissaM (112), AgamisA (119) / 4. vidhi evaM AjJArthaka meM tu aura u prathama puruSa ekavacana meM hote haiN| . jaise-hou (151) / AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 223 For Personal & Private Use Only

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noTa vartamAnakAla, bhaviSyatakAla, vidhi evaM AjJArthaka meM jja aura jjA pratyaya bhI hote haiN| jaise- gachijjA (120), jANijja (3) (vidhi/AjJA) novalipijjAsi (vartamAnakAla 77) parikahijjai (bhavi. 120) parikkamijjAsi (bhavi. 121) / 5. bhUtakAla meM iMsu aura aisu pratyaya kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| jaise-vihariMsu, hiM siM su (201) / kRdanta ___ ardhamAgadhI meM nimna kRdantoM ke prayogoM ko yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| jaise1. vartamAna kRdanta (ka) nta-vaMhati, vahAviMtI, aNumannaMtI (23) (kha) mANa-gavesamANA, vihiMsamANA (22) . 2. sambandha kRdanta tA-viyahittA (29), hattA, chettA, bhettA, vilupittA (72) tu-baMdhintu (2), mottaM (89) TaTu-Aha1 (180) UNaM-uiUNaM (132), daTThaNa (51) iya-pahilehie (105) ittANaM ettANaM cca ccA-abhisameccA (29), NaccA (50) Ia/Iya-laddhIya (45) Aya-gahAya (207), nihAya (207) TaThA-sabhuTaThA (52) hetvartha kRdanta uM-jIviuM (51), souM, majjiGa (92) 224 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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tuM--jIvituM kuvvetuM vidhi kRdanta avva-tariavvoM (91), hoavvaM (96) yavva-caviyagvA (91) taNva-haMtaNvA (119), paridhitaNvA (119) avayava to, ko, ciya, Na, ya, pi, jii, toha, tA, u, sAhe, sayA, jaha, NavaraM, annayA, puNo, viva, pR. (51), savvahA (51) jAva, tAva, NaM, vA, no, (63) jeNe (64), a (64), egayA (72), saha (73), aduvA (76), ceva, tattiyA, jattiyA, viNA (8), annahA (90), jahA, tahA (91), tamhA (94), neva (94), siyA (94), ha, pra (5), jamhA (95), savvao (97), ii (iti) (97), savvaso (99), hi (112), pacchA (116), jAio (155), NaM (vAkyAlaMkAre) (157) / taddhita lla-mAillo/mAillo (64) illa-thaMDilla (273) tta-andhataM bahirataM, mUyattaM, kANattaM, kuMTattaM, khujjataM, baDabhattaM, sAmattaM, savalattaM (79), 'ya-niddayA, dayAluyA (102), ttayA (102) taNa-NivattaNa, kivattaNa saMdhi "sandhAna saMdhi" arthAt mela kA nAma sandhi hai| prAkRta meM svara saMdhi kI bahulatA hai| kucha vikalpa saMdhi vyavasthA bhI hai| saMdhi ke tIna bheda haiM-(1) svara saMdhi (2) vyaMjana saMdhi aura (3) avyava saMdhi / svara saMdhi- ... . isake pA~ca bheda haiM-(1) dIrgha saMdhi, (2) guNa saMdhi, (3) vikRta vRddhi saMdhi, (4) hrasva dIrgha saMdhi aura (5) prakRti bhAva saMdhi / dIrgha saMdhi - hrasva yA dIrgha a, A, i, I, u, U samAna svara hone para dIrgha saMdhi ho jAtI hai| jaise-vIriyAyAro (vIriya + AyAra) pR.14, baMdhANulopayA (baMdha + aNulomayA) pR. 4, sacitAcita (sacita + acita) pR. 268, muNIsa, bhANUdaya / AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 225 For Personal & Private Use Only

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. guNa saMdhi a yA A varNa se Age i aura u ho to guNa Adeza ho jAtA hai| jaise-mokkhovAo (mokkha + uvAo) pR. 4, caovacaiyaM (caa + upacaiya). pR. 43, mahoahI (mahAoahI) pR. 91, suddhodae pR. 27 / vikRta vRddhi saMdhi e aura o se pahale a aura A ho to unakA lopa ho jAtA hai / jaise-appege (appa + ege) pR. 25, jassete pR. 26 / / hrasva dIrgha vidhAna saMdhi maImayA pR. 206, aMDApoaa pR. 45, aNupuvveNa pR. 182 / prakRti bhAva saMdhi maiuggaha pR. 268, noidiya pR. 268, tapa-AcAro pR. 3 / vyaMjana saMdhi prAkRta meM vyaMjana parivartana hote haiM, isalie vyaMjana saMdhi nahIM hai| avyaya saMdhi yaha sandhi do avyaya padoM meM hotI hai| jaise-jahaumhA pR. 33, Neva pR. 34, savvaovi pR. 35, vAvi pR. 35, kevacciraM pR. 35, aNNevA pR. 36, Naie icatthaM pR. 36, daMDetti pR. 36, jamiNaM pR. 431, jehattha pR. 77 / ina saMdhiyoM ke atirikta prAkRta meM svara lopa saMdhi kI bahulatA hai| AcArya hemacanda ne prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM likhA hai ki svara ke Age svara ho to zabda ke svara kA lopa ho jAtA hai / 26 jaise-egiMdiya pR. 45 (ega + iMdiya), yahA~ ega zabda meM sthita a svara kA lopa ho gyaa| vigalidiesu pR. 45, piMDesaNA pR. 238 / aNAsavA pR. 121 (aNa + AsavA) yahA~ a ke bAda A hone para prathama zabda ke svara kA lopa ho gyaa| ANAkaMkhI pR. 127, ahAvarA pR. 238, mUluttara (mUla + uttara) pR. 246, yahA~ a ke bAda u hone para zabda ke a kA lopa ho gyaa| yazruti-sIyadharo pR. 100 (sIo), sIyala davva pR. 100, bhUa pR. 100 / alaMkAra yojanA kAvya kI zobhA bar3hAne vAle tattva alaMkAra kahalAte haiN| AcArAMga sUtra gadya kI pradhAnatA vAlA prAkRta kA siddhAnta grantha hai| AcArya zIlAMka ne isakI vRtti meM kAvya kI kalA ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai| kAvya kI kalA kA alaMkaraNa alaMkAra kahalAtA hai| zabda aura artha se yukta kAvya zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra ina do 226 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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alaMkAroM se yukta hai| zabdAlaMkAroM meM anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa, vakrokti Adi ko liyA jAtA hai| arthAlaMkAra meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, atizayokti, saMdeha, bhrAMtimAna, dRSTAnta Adi ko liyA jAtA hai| AcArya zIlAMka kI AcArAMga vRtti meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai| yahA~ kucha alaMkAroM ke prayoga udAharaNa sahita diye jA rahe haiManuprAsa ___ "anuprAsaH zabdasAmyaM vaiSamye'pi svarassaya yat"127 svaroM kI viSamatA rahane para bhI zabdoM kI samAnatA ko anuprAsa kahA jAtA hai| jaise-logAgAsa paese ikkikkaM nikkhiye puDhavijIvaM / 128 AukAyaM ca teukAyaM ca vAukAyaM ca 29 upamA jahA~ sAdRzyatA dikhAI jAtI hai vahA~ upamA alaMkAra hotA hai| jaisebAlugA kavalo ceva, nirAsAe huM sNjmo| javAloha mayA ceva, cAveyatvA sudukkaraM // 130 aMdhassa jaha palitA dIvasata sahassa kor3Ivi / 131 dRSTAnta "dRSTAntastu sadharmasya vastunaH prtibimbnm"| arthAt-samAna dharma vAle vAkyArtha kA pratibimbana-vizeSa avadhAna ke dvArA ___ sAdRzya kI pratIti karanA dRSTAnta kahA jAtA hai| jaiseaTThI jahA sarIraMmi aNugayaM ceyaNaM kharaM dihU~ / evaM jIvANu gayaM puDhavisarIiM kharaM hoI // 132 AcArAMga vRtti meM prAkRta aura saMskRta ina do bhASAoM kA prayoga huA hai| zIlAMka AcArya ne prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM hI bhASAoM ke mAdhyama se alaMkArika zailI ko prastuta kiyA hai| donoM meM hI dRSTAnta, upamA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAra ko diyA gayA hai| yahA~ alaMkAroM kI mAtra sUcanA dI jA rahI hai| saMskRta ke prayogoM ko nahIM diyA jA rahA hai| alaMkAra ke atirikta isameM sabhI taraha ke rasoM kA bhI prayoga haA hai| zAnta rasa pradhAna yaha racanA vIbhatsa, vAtsalya, karuNa, raudra, vIra, hAsya Adi rasoM ke udAharaNoM se bhI paripUrNa hai| kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haizAnta rasa - arihaMtAdisu bhatte suttarUI puyaNumANa gupehii| - bandhaI uccAgoyaM vivarIe baMdhaI iyara // 133 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 227 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karuNa rasa maMsANi chinna puvvANi udvamiyAeNayA kaayN| parIsahAI luciM aduvA paMsuNA uvakariMsu // 134 bIbhatsa rasa mahaMvA majjavAmaMsaM vA sakkaliM vA phANiyaM vA pUrva vA sihiriNiM vA / 135 isa prakAra AcArAMga vRtti meM vividha rasoM ke paripAka ko bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| chanda prAkRta meM kAvyakAroM ne prAkRta ke svataMtra chandoM ke atirikta saMskRta ke mAlinI, indravajrA, upendravajrA, basantatilakA Adi chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM AcArAMga ke vRttikAra ne vRtti likhate samaya gAthA chanda ke atirikta anya chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| yahA~ kucha chandoM ke udAharaNa diye jA rahe haiN| yathAgAthA chanda bheda gAthA chanda ke prAkRta kaviyoM ne 27 bheda kiye haiN|936 1. lakSmI, 2. Rddhi, 3. buddhi, 4. lajjA, 5. vidyA, 6. kSamA, 7. devI, 8. gaurI, 9. dhAtrI, 10. cUrNA, 11. chAyA, 12. kAMti, 13. mahAmAyA, 14. kIrti, 15. siddhi, 16. mAninI, 17. rAmA, 18. mohinI, 19. vizvA, 20. vAsitA, 21. zobhA, 22. hariNI, 23. cakrI, 24. sArasI, 25. kurarI, 26. siMhI aura 27. hNsikaa| gAthA chanda paDhamaM bArahamattA bIe aTThArahehi sNjuttaa| jaha paDhamaM taha tIU daha paJca vihUsiA gAhA // arthAt-gAthA ke prathama caraNa meM 12 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM, dUsare meM yaha 18 mAtrAoM se yukta hotI haiN| tIsare caraNa meM prathama caraNa kI hI taraha hotI haiN| bAkI caraNa meM gAthA 15 mAtrA se vibhUSita hotI haiN| udAharaNa-soUM sovaNakAle majjaNa kAle ya majjiGa lolo| jemeuM ca varAo jemaNa kAle na cAie // 137 gIti chanda aggabIyA mUla bIyA khaMdha bIyA ceva porbiiyaa| upagIti bIya ruhA samucchima samAsao vaNasaI jIvAya / / 228 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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skandhaka chanda udAharaNa-avareNa puvva kiha se atItaM kiha AgamissaM na saraMti ege| bhAsanti ege ihamANavAo jaha sa aIaM taha AgamissaM / 141 tathaiva kiJcidgadataH sa eva meM, punAtu dhImAn vinayArpitA girH||142 anuSTup chanda varNa vRttoM meM anuSTupa ATha akSaroM ke caraNa kI eka jAti hai| isake caraNoM meM gurU laghu ke bheda se aneka chanda banate haiN| anuSTupa kA jo lakSaNa sAmAnya rUpa se pracalita hai vaha zrutabodha ke anusAra hai| udAharaNa-bAlugA kavalo ceva, nirAsAe hu sNjmo|| javA lohamayA ceva cAveyavvA sudukkaraM // 138 gAve vA aduvA raNNe, thaMDilaM pddilehiyaa| appapANaM tu vinnAya taNAI sa thare muNI // indravajrA ''| 55 / / 5 / 55 = 11 dijje taArA jualA parasuM, aNaMtare do guru jugga sesaM / NapephaNiMdAdhuaidavajjA, mattA dahA, aTTha samA susjjaa| arthAt pratyeka caraNa meM do tagaNa diye jAyeM, aMta meM jagaNa tathA do guru hoM, phaNIndra kahate haiM ki yaha iMdravajrA chaMda hai tathA isameM dasa aura ATha bhAtrAe~ pratyeka caraNa meM hotI haiN| udAharaNa bhikkhaM pavituNa mae'jja diTuM pamayAmuhaM kamalavisAlanettaM / vakkhittacitteNa na suTTha nAyaM, sakuMDalaM vA vayaNaM na vatti / 139 upendravatrA / / 5 / / / 5 5 = 11 varNa upendravajrA jatajAstato gau udAharaNa-phaloMdaeNaM mi gihaM paviTTho tatthAsaNatthA pamayA mi diTThA __ vakkhitta citteNa na suTTha nAyaM, sakuMDalaM vA vayaNaM na vatti / 140 upajAti samAna jAti ke do chandoM ke caraNoM kA kisI chanda meM saMkara (mela) hone para vaha upajAti kahA jAtA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 229 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #268
AcArAMga vRttikAra ne dvAdazAkSara upajAti (vaMzastha-indravaMzA) chanda kA udAharaNa isa prakAra diyA hai AcArazAstraM suvinizcitaM yathA, jagAda vIro jagate hitAya yH| . . . tathaiva kiJcid gadataH sa e va me, punAtu dhImAn vinayArpitA girH|| AcArAMga sUtra meM gAthA, anuSTupa, indravajrA, upendravajrA. chandoM ko choDakara anya jitane bhI chanda haiM, ve prathama paMkti kI apekSA dvitIya paMkti meM bhinnatA liye hue haiN| isase yaha artha nahIM nikalatA hai ki ve chanda nahIM haiN| chanda avazya haiM, para kisa taraha ke haiM, isa para svataMtra rUpa se adhyayana apekSita hai| __ AcArAMga sUtra evaM AcArAMga vRtti meM gadya kI pradhAnatA hai| padya bhI geya pradhAna hai, jinheM gAyA jA sakatA hai| gadya meM bhI geyAtmakatA hai| jaise-' "saMti pANA puDhosiyA lajjamANA puDho pAsa" vRttikAra ne saMskRta vRtti meM prAya: anuSTupa chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM para indravajrA, upendravajrA chanda bhI haiN| jaise eka eva hi bhUtAtmA, bhUte mUle vyvsthitH| ekadhA bahudhA caiva dRzyate jalacandravat // 143 AcArAMga vRtti ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bahuta kama chanda haiN| jahA~ kahIM bhI chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, unameM prAyaH prAkRta meM gAthA chanda aura saMskRta meM anuSTupa chanda kA prayoga huA hai| zIlAMka AcArya ne apanI vRtti meM anyatra pracalita gAthAoM evaM saMskRta zlokoM ko bhI prayukta karake viSaya kI puSTi kI hai| .. ajJo janturanIzaH syAdAtmanaH sukha duHkhyoH| Izvaraprerito gacchecchubhraM vA svargameva vA // 144 AcArAMga vRtti ke bhASAtmaka adhyayana meM sampUrNa viSaya ko nahIM sameTA gayA hai| isake varNa viSaya gadya-padya zailI saMjJA, sarvanAma, kriyA, kRdanta, taddhita chanda Adi kI mAtra sUcanA hI dI gaI hai| AcArAMga vRttikAra kI vRtti artha ke vistAra se yukta hai| gadya-padya mizrita hai| gadya ke prayogoM meM sukumAratA hai jo kAvya saundarya ko liye hue hai| AcArAMga vRtti durUha hote hue bhI apane bhASAtmaka pravAha ke kAraNa viSaya ko adhika spaSTa karane vAlI hai| saMkSipta meM yadi kahA jAe to yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga vRtti bhAvoM kI anukUlatA ke sAtha vizeSa zailI ko liye hue hai| zIlAMka AcArya ne dArzanika dRSTAntika vivecanAtmaka evaM artha gAmbhIryapUrNa zailI kA prayoga karake bhASA ko sarala banAyA hai| vRtti ke sabhI vivecana bhASA saundarya se paripUrNa haiN| chanda, alaMkAra Adi bhI isakI zobhA ko bar3hAte haiN| isa taraha yaha vRtti bhASA adhyayana ke anusaMdhAna ko liye hue anusaMdhAna kI apekSA karatI hai| 000 230 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha grantha prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 24 2. prAkRta vyAkaraNa sUtra 1/3 3. samavAyAMga sUtra 98 4. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 1 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 1, 2 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 9 7. AcArAMga bRtti, pRSTa 12 8. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 13 9. AcArAga vRtti, pRSTha 14 10. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 14 11. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 50 12. AcArAMga sUtra 1/2/12 . 13. AcArAMga sUtra 2/3 14. AcArAMga sUtra 2/3 15. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 78, 79 16. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 80 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 11 . 18. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 15 19. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 140 * 20. vahI, pRSTha 9 21. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 17 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 24 23. vahI, pRSTha 11 24. vahI, pRSTha 3 25. vahI pRSTa 15 sUtra 5 26. vahI, pRSTha 42 . . . 27. vahI, pRSTha 2 28. vahI, pRSTha 11 29. vahI, pRSTha 15 sUtra 5 30. vahI, pRSTha 55 31. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 60 32. vahI, 91 2/2 17. 22. AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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33. vahI, pRSTha 15 sUtra 5 34. vahI, pRSTha 57 35. vahI, pRSTha 135 36. vahI, pRSTha 91 2/2 37. vahI, pRSTha 190 38. vahI, pRSTha 132 39. vahI, pRSTha 17 40. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 44 41. vahI, pRSTha 7 42. vahI, pRSTa 204 43. vahI, pRSTha 48 44. vahI, pRSTha 9 45. vahI, pRSTha 190 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 2 49. vahI, pRSTha 3 48. vahI, pRSTha 126 49. vahI, pRSTha 77 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 180-182 vahI, pRSTha 18 52. vahI, pRSTha 7 53. vahI, pRSTha 23-25 54. vahI, pRSTha 91 55. vahI, pRSTha 72 56. vahI, pRSTha 38 57. vahI, pRSTha 135 58. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 171 59. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 31, 32 60. vahI, pRSTha 77 61. vahI, pRSTha 55 vahI, pRSTha 61 63. vahI, pRSTa 171 64. vahI, pRSTha 12 65. vahI, pRSTa 135 66 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 26 67. vahI, pRSTa 28 68. vahI, pRSTa 29 232 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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69. vahI, pRSTha 139 70. vahI, pRSTha 139 71. vahI, pRSTha 163 72. vahI, pRSTha 175 73. vahI, pRSTha 121 74. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 53 75. vahI, pRSTha 23 76. vahI, pRSTha 29 vahI, pRSTha 42 pRSTha 48 vahI, pRSTa 56 80. vahI, pRSTha 59 81. vahI, pRSTha 73 vahI, pRSTha 90 AcArAMga dRtti, pRSTha 91 . 84. vahI, pRSTha 91 85. vahI, pRSTha 112 86. vahI, pRSTha 114 87. vahI, pRSTha 151 88. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 11 . 89. vahI, pRSTha 17 90. vahI, pRSTha 18 91. vahI, pRSTha 28 92. vahI, pRSTha 51 93. vahI, pRSTha 59 94. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 99 . 95. vahI, pRSTha 144 96. vahI, pRSTha 150 (gItA kI yaha paMkti) 97. . vahI, pRSTha 211.. 98. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 72 . "99. vahI, pRSTha 72 100. vahI, pRSTha 85 101. vahI, pRSTha 86 102. . vahI, pRSTha 103. vahI, pRSTha 217 104. vahI, pRSTha 119 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 233 For Personal & Private Use Only

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105. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 26-27 106. vahI, pRSTha 37 107. vahI, pRSTha 52 108. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 81 109. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 89 110. vahI, pRSTha 142 111. AcArAMga vRtti, pR. 93 112. vahI, pRSTha 84 113. vahI, pRSTha 118 114. vahI, pRSTha 118 115. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 166 116. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 173 117. vahI, pRSTha 245 118. vahI, pRSTha 282 119. vahI, pRSTha 336, 337 120. vahI, pRSTha 403 121. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 220 122. vahI, pRSTha 221 123. vahI, pRSTha 230 124. AcArya hemacandra, prAkRta vyAkaraNa A. 1/177 . ka-ga-ca-ja-ta-da-pa-ya-vA prAyo luka / 8/1/177 125. prAkRta vyAkaraNa sUtra 3/7 126. prAkRta vyAkaraNa sUtra 1/10 127. sAhitya darpaNa 128. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 21 . 129. vahI, pRSTha 203 130. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 91 131. vahI, pRSTha 211 132. AcAsaMga vRtti, pRSTha 21 133. vahI, pRSTha 64 134. vahI, pRSTa 208 135. 136. prAkRta paiMgalama, pR. 56-57, prakAzana-prAkRta pariSad vArANaso san 1959 / lacchI riddhI buddhI lajjA vinjA khamA a dehiiaa| gorI dhAI cuNNa chAyA katI mahAmAI / 234 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kittI siddhI mANI rAmAgAhiNI visA a vsiiaa| sodA hariNI cakkI sArasi kararI sihI a hNsiiaa|| 137. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 92 138. vahI, pRSTha 91 139. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 125 140. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 125 141. vahI, pRSTha 112 142. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 1 143. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 12 144. vahI, pRSTha 12 000 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 235 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vRttikAra kI AcAra sambandhI vivecanA prANImAtra ke jIvana ko saMrakSaNa dene meM AcArAMga Adi sUtroM ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai; kyoMki inameM vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA kA samAveza hai| samasta jIvoM kA upakAra isakI antara anubhUti hai| isakI AcAra-dharA para avagAhana karake loga ananta sukha kA anubhava karate haiN| AcArAMga kI divya dezanA saMsAra kI samasta jIvoM kI rakSA karane meM samartha hai| bhagavAna kI divya dezanA ko dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM gaNadharoM dvArA sUtrabaddha kiyA gayA hai| isa dvAdazAMgI vANI meM AcArAMga sUtra ko sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne AcAra ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai-- "savvesiM AyAro titthassa pavattaNe paDhamayAe / sesAI aGgAI ekkArasa ANupuvvIe / ' arthAt sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha pravartana ke prArambha meM AcAra kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt kramazaH zeSa gyAraha aGgoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gyaa| artha rUpa meM tIrthaMkara vacana pratipAdita kiye gye| unheM gaNadharoM ne sUtrabaddha kiyaa| vRttikAra zIlAMka AcArya ne AcAra ko parama evaM carama kalyANakAraka mAnate hue kahA hai ki "aGgoM kA sAra AcAra hai" AcAra kA sAra usakI prarUpaNA hai| prarUpaNA kA sAra caraNa/cAritra hai aura cAritra kA sAra nirvANa hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki AcAra hamAre jIvana kA Adarza hai, jo zreSThatama sukha kA kAraNa hai| AcArya ne AcAra-vicAra kI pRSThabhUmi para vicaraNa karate hue yaha bhI kathana kiyA hai ki jo AcAra kA jAnane vAlA hotA hai vaha zramaNa dharma kA jJAtA hotA hai| zramaNa dharma kA AdhAra AcAra hai| zramaNa AcAra guNa ke samUha mAne jAte haiN| zramaNoM ke dvArA AcAra kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcAra zramaNa dharma kA sAra hai| vRttikAra ne AcAra ke kaI nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaise- AyAra, AcAla, AgAla, Agara, asAsA, Ayassi, AiNNA, ajAI aura aamokkh| 236 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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AcAra kA nAma caraNa bhI hai| caraNa kI upekSA se anuyoga dRSTi ko bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha kathana kiyA gayA hai ki dravya se darzana kI zuddhi hotI hai aura darzana zuddhi kA nAma caraNa hai| caraNa/cAritra/AcAra apane Apa meM viziSTa dharma ko pratipAdita karate haiN| vRttikAra ne isakI isa prakAra se vyutpatti kI hai "Acaryate Asevyata ityaacaarH| jisakA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai yA jIvanaparyanta sevana kiyA jAtA hai vaha AcAra hai| AcAra kI nikSepa evaM naya dRSTi se sarvatra vivecanA kI gaI hai| AcAra kA yathArtha nAma bhavagat kiyA hai| artha, dharma, pratyana, guNa aura pAtra kI apekSA se AcAra kA nizcayAtmaka artha bhI pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| AcAra ke bheda _ nikSepa kI dRSTi se caraNa ke cAra bheda haiM-(ka) nAma caraNa, (kha) sthApanA caraNa, (ga) dravya caraNa aura (gha) bhAva crnn| dizA Adi kI apekSA se AcAra ke chaH aura sAta bheda kiye gaye haiN| isI prasaMga meM dravyAcAra aura bhAvAcAra ke vividha bhAvoM ke bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhAvAcAra ke mUla do bheda haiM-(1) laukika aura (2) lokottr| unameM lokottara ke pA~ca bheda ginAye haiM jo sabhI Agama evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM milate haiM-(1) jJAnAcAra, (2) darzanAcAra, (3) cAritrAcAra, (4) tapAcAra aura (5) viiryaacaar| inakA samyaktva kI dRSTi se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| nAma, sthApanA, dravya, samyaktva aura bhAva smyktv| bhAva samyaktva tIna prakAra se kahA gayA hai-(1) darzana, (2) jJAna aura (3) caaritr|| zIlAMka AcArya ne AcArAMga vRtti ke prArambha meM AcArAnuyoga prArambha karane kI pratijJA kI hai| AcArAnuyoga artha aura kathana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai; kyoMki artha rUpa meM AcArAnuyoga kA vivecana bhagavan dvArA pratipAdita hai| sUtra kA bAda meM gaNadharoM ke dvArA yoga/saMkalita kiyA gyaa| isalie anuyoga kI dRSTi se bhI AcAra/cAritra/caraNa kA mahattva hai| jJAnAcAra vRttikAra ne naya ke mAdhyama se jJAna kI pradhAnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai isI sandarbha meM yaha kathana kiyA hai ki hita aura ahita kI prApti ke parihAra kA kAraNa jJAna hai| jJAna se hI cAritra utpanna hotA hai| yahI sAdhana mokSa kA kAraNa hai| mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna-ye pA~ca bheda mUla rUpa se jJAna ke kiye jAte haiN| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana ra37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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parantu AcArAMga-vRtti meM jJAnAcAra ke ATha prakAra bhI ginAye gaye haiM-1 (1) kAla, (2) vinaya, (3) bahumAna, (4) upadhAna, (6) anihnava, (6) vyaJjana (7) artha, (8) . vyaJjana artha (ubhyaatmk)| jJAna sakala padArtha yA ArvibhAvika hai|12 darzanAcAra samyaktva viSayaka AcaraNa ko prastuta karane vAlA darzanAcAra hai| samyaktva adhyayana meM isakI vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai| zIlaMka AcArya ne tattva ke zraddhAna ko samyaktva kahA hai / 13 isake do bheda kiye haiM-(1) dravya samyaktva aura (2) bhAva samyaktva / nikSepa kI dRSTi se samyaktva ke cAra bheda pratipAdita kiye haiN|15 samyaktva ko samyak darzana kahate haiN| darzanAcAra ke ATha bheda kiye gaye haiM-(1) nizaMkita 6 (2) niSkAMkSita (3) nirvicikitsA (4) amUr3ha-dRSTi (5) upavRhaNa (6) sthitikaraNa (7) vAtsalya aura (8) prabhAvanA / cAritrAcAra AcArAMga kA lokasAra nAmaka paJcama adhyayana cAritra kI vizeSatAoM ko pratipAdita karane vAlA hai| isa adhyayana meM cAritra pratipAdana, cAritra vikAsa, cAritra ke AcaraNa meM avarodha tathA cAritra ke pramukha aGgoM kA varNana hai| vRttikAra ne cAritra kI gambhIratA, pavitratA, udAratA aura isakI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki caritra ke phala se mukti kI prApti hotI hai| samyakatva aura jJAna kA phala cAritra hai| isIlie cAritra mokSa kA pradhAna aGga hai| loka kA sAra mokSa hai| saMsArI prANI moha ke kAraNa se isake mahattva ko nahIM samajha pAte haiN| isalie isake sAra ko nahIM pahacAnate haiN|18 caraNa sampanna cAritra sampannatA tIna gupti aura paJca samiti ke saMyoga se AtI hai / 19 tapAcAra tapa ke AcaraNa ko prastuta karane vAlA tapAcAra zArIrika bAhya-zuddhi ke sAtha Abhyantara zuddhi ko mahattva detA hai| tapa eka aisA karma hai jisake kAraNa ba~dhe hue karmoM kI nirjarA kI jAtI hai|deg nirjarA kA hetu hone ke kAraNa tapa bAraha prakAra kA kahA gayA hai| loka vijaya adhyayana meM isakA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bAhya tapa (1) anazana (2) UNodari (3) vRtti;saMkSepaNa (4) rasa-tyAga (5) kAya-kleza aura saMlinatA / 21 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 238 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Abhyantara tapa (1) prAyazcitta, (2) vinaya (3) vaiyAvRtya (4) svAdhyAya (5) dhyAna aura (6) utsrg|29 bAhya-tapa zarIra ke prati mamatva ko ghaTAne vAlA hotA hai aura Abhyantara tapa mana kA niyamana karane vAlA hotA hai / 23 vIryAcAra__jo anigUhita bala aura vIrya kA parAkrama hotA hai, vaha vIryAcAra hai|24 sAdhaka jJAna sAdhanA, saMyama sAdhanA, tapa sAdhanA, bhakti, zraddhA Adi ke lie Atmazakti kA upayoga karatA hai| vIryAcAra meM jJAna aura AcAra kA samanvaya hotA hai isalie sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ke lie Atmazakti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| ve pariSahoM ko sahana karate haiN| (1) ekAnta bhAvanA, (2) upayogamaya jIvana, (3) vairAgya bhAvanA aura (4) acelakatA-ina cAra racanAtmaka upAyoM para pravRtta sAdhaka vIryAcAra ko baliSTa karatA hai / 25 jaina AcAra kI udAtta bhAvanA hai| AcArAMga sUtra pUrNata: cAritra kI pA~coM hI vizeSatAoM ko prastuta karatA hai| vRttikAra ne vRtti ke mAdhyama se jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA rahasya udghATita kiyA hai| zramaNoM kI AcAra saMhitA Agama sAhitya meM zramaNoM ke sampUrNa jIvana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zramaNa kyA hai? zramaNa ke jIvana kA uddezya kyA hai? caryA, AcAra-vicAra evaM unake AdhyAtmika vikAsa caraNa kyA haiM? ina sabhI praznoM kA samAdhAna bAhya aura Abhyantara dRSTiyoM se AcArAMga meM kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga vRttikAra ne samasta AcAra saMhitA ko sAmane rakha kara unake vicAroM ke anukUla vItarAga vANI para AdhArita vivecana sarvatra kiyA hai| isake prArambhika zastra parijJA adhyayana meM vRttikAra ne samasta prANiyoM ke jIvana rakSaNa karane kA upAya diyA hai| usI lakSya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jJAna aura cAritra ke mArga para calane vAle sAdhakoM kI bhUmikA ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai| agaNAra jJAna viSaya ko jAnatA hai aura ajJAta viSaya kA. parityAga karatA hai| vaha caraNa arthAt cAritra meM pravRtta mUla aura uttara guNoM se samyak yatna karatA huA saMyata, vIra evaM medhAvI banA rahatA ___. "zrAmyatIti zramaNo-yatiH" jo zrama karatA hai yA yatna karatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| arthAt 'zramaNa' mokSa ke lie prayatna karatA hai, pApoM se uparata, rAga-dveSa se virata, guru ke sAnnidhya meM tatpara, vItarAga mArga kI sevA karatA hai| jIvanaparyanta AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 239 For Personal & Private Use Only

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unake upadezoM para calatA hai| zramaNa pApa ke anuSThAna se rahita jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA AcaraNa karatA hai| vaha pApoM se anuparata samatAdharma kA pAlana karatA hai| isalie kahA jAtA hai ki "samiyA pariyAe viyAhie'9" arthAt samatA kA uttara cAritra kI pratIti karAtA hai "vippamukkasa natthi magge viryss| cAritra sampanna muni zarIra Adi kriyAoM se nirAsasta aura vibhakta hotA hai| usa tyAgI virakta sAdhaka ke lie saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM karanA par3atA hai| ___ zastra parijJA ke atirikta anya sabhI adhyayanoM meM zramaNa ke samabhAva ko darzAyA gayA hai| upadhAnazruta se prasiddha adhyayana zramaNa ke tapAcaraNa, jJAna, dhyAna, vihAra evaM saMyama kI valiSutA para prakAza DAlatA hai| mahAvIra kI tapazcaryA ke nAma se yaha zruta adhyayana zramaNe sAdhanA kI vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karatA hai| ___ isakA dvitIya zrutaskandha ahiMsA samatA, AcAra-vicAra, caryA, tapAcaraNa, kaSAya vijaya, anAsikta, AhArazuddhi, sthAna, gati, bhASA, viveka evaM nivAsa sthAnoM evaM bhAvanAoM kA bodha karAne vAlA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha AcAra cUlA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| zIlaMka AcArya ne isa zrutaskandha ko nau brahmacarya adhyayana ke nAma se pratipAdana kiyA hai| nikSepa aura naya paddhati para AdhArita isakA sampUrNa vivecana bhikSu aura bhikSuNI kI samasta kriyAoM para AdhArita hai| zramaNa, mAhana, atithi, kRpaNa aura vaNIpaka-ina pA~ca zramaNoM kA vyutpatipUrvaka vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| mahAna kA artha brAhmaNa, atithi kA artha kA bhojana kAla meM upasthita abhyAgata kRpaNa kA artha daridra aura vaNIpaka kA artha baMdIjana Adi liyA hai|32 zramaNa ke pA~ca anya bheda isa prakAra bhI kiye gaye haiM--(1) nimrantha, (2) zAkya, (3) tApasa, (4) maurika aura (5) AjIvaka / 3 jaina zramaNa pA~ca AcAroM se yukta hotA hai, vaha tIna gupti, pA~ca samiti, paJca mahAvrata, chaH Avazyaka Adi guNoM se yukta saMyamapUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai| vaha rAga-dveSa se rahita, jJAna, darzana va cAritra meM lIna rahatI hai| zramaNa ke mUla guNa zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA vivecana samasta Agama granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| unameM zramaNoM kI bhUmikA, zramaNoM kI sAdhanA, zramaNoM ke guNa Adi kA paryApta rUpa meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM ke guNoM meM sattAIsa mUla guNoM ko vizeSa mahattva diyA jAtA hai| pA~ca mahAvrata, chaha Avazyaka, paJca samiti, paJca indriya nirodha, acelakatva, asnAna, adantadhAvana, bhUmizayana, rAtribhojana parityAga aura AhAracaryA / zramaNoM ke mUla guNa darzana zuddhi ko karane vAle hote haiM 240 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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paca mahAvrata1. ahiMsA mahAvrata AcArAMga kA prathama adhyayana prANiyoM kI rakSA se sambandhita hai, jisameM ahiMsA kA paryApta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| SaTkAya-jIva kI rakSA isakA sarvopari uddezya kahA jA sakatA hai| vRttikAra ne saMyama meM sthita zramaNa ke lie jisa jIva rakSA kA vivecana kiyA hai usameM isa bAta kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki zramaNa sabhI dizAoM, vidizAoM evaM yoniyoM se jIvoM kI rakSA karate haiN| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa jIvoM ke samArambha se rahita aNagAra sadaiva vicaraNa karate haiM / 35 / / zIlAMka AcArya ne isa para paryApta prakAza DAlate hue kahA hai ki zramaNa ahiMsA kA kRta, kArita aura anumodanA se rahita sabhI prANiyoM, sabhI jIvoM, sabhI bhUtoM aura sabhI satvoM kI rakSA karate haiN|36 zramaNoM ke AhAra, upAdhi, pUjA aura riddhi Adi bhI jJAna, caraNa kI kriyA para AdhArita hote haiN| vRttikAra ne naya aura nikSepa kI dRSTi se ahiMsA ke guNoM para prakAza DAlA hai|38 (1) zarIrabala (2) jJAtibala (3) mitrabala (4) pretyabala (5) devabala (6) rAjabala (7) corabala (8) atithibala (9) kRpaNabala aura (10) zramaNabala, ina samArambhoM se rahita zramaNa hotA hai|39 satya-mahAvrata bhASA rUpa meM paraNita nAnA prakAra ke vacanoM ke doSoM kA yAvat jIvana parityAga karanA zramaNoM kA satya mahAvrata hai| satya mahAvratI zramaNa hita aura ahita kA vicAra karake jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA AcaraNa karatA hai| vaha harSa, krodha kA pratilekha karake satya kI rakSA karatA hai| "purisA saccameva mehAvI maraMtarai42 arthAt puruSa satya se medhAvI hotA hai| tIsare adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka ke parama satya ko jAnane kI zikSA dI hai| isameM kahA hai ki satya ko acchI taraha se jaano| satya kI AjJA meM upasthita rahane se medhAvI mAra/mRtyu/saMsAra se pAra ho jAtA hai| satya dharma grahaNa karane se sAdhaka zramaNa AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai| vaha rAga-dveSa se rahita jJAnAdi se yukta kabhI bhI vyAkula nahIM hotA hai| vaha AtmadRSTA banA rahatA hai| lokAloka prapaJcoM se rahita hotA huA satya kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| jJAna Adi se yukta zruta cAritra ke guNoM ko lekara zramaNa satya kI ora lagA rahatA hai| vRttikAra ne satya ke tIna artha kiye haiMAcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 241 - - For Personal & Private Use Only

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1. prANi mAtra ke prati hitakara saMyama 2. guru sAkSI se grahita pavitra saMkalpa aura 3. siddhAnta pratipAdaka Agama satya ko bahumUlya mAnakara zramaNa pratijJApUrvaka pravRttiyoM ko sAmane rakhakara calatA hai| vaha AsevanA parijJA Adi kI pravRtti, meM sthita, guru sAkSI se grahita pratijJA kA nirvAhaka bhI banatA hai| Agama siddhAnta kA pAlana karatA hai tathA nAnA prakAra ke vikalpoM se rahita vItarAga mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai| . AcArAMga sUtra ke naveM adhyayana meM mahAvIra kI caryA isa bAta ko pramANita * karatI hai ki jJAna, darzana cAritra aura tapa meM lIna zramaNa maunapUrvaka vicaraNa karate haiN| mahAvIra ekAnta meM vAsa karate haiN| usa samaya meM logoM ke dvArA pUche jAne para bhI mauna arthAt nahIM bolane ko hI vizeSa mahattva dete haiN| vRttikAra ne abahuvAci yA abahubhASI ke rUpa meM isa bAta kA saMketa kiyA hai aura ise hI uttama mAnakara satya ke mahattva ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isameM yaha bhI kathana kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka zramaNa kI apekSA gRhastha kucha na kucha avazya bolegaa| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana meM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke bhASA vyavahAra para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| sAvadha bhASA ko anucita kahA hai| isI prasaMga meM saMyata ke solaha vacanoM kA kathana kiyA hai|6 zIlaMka AcArya ne nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, aura rUpa-ina cha: nikSepoM kI dRSTi se bhASA kI vAstavikatA para prakAza DAlA hai aura yaha kathana kiyA gayA hai ki zramaNa, satyA, mRSA, satyAmRSA aura asatyA mRSA kA vyavahAra na kreN| ukta cAroM bhedoM ke anya bheda bhI AcArAMga meM diye gaye haiM satya mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ vRttikAra ne isa prakAra dI haiM-46 1. hAsya kA parityAga, 2. anurUpa ciMtana pUrvaka bhASaNa, 3. krodha kA parityAga, 4. lobha kA parityAga aura 5. bhaya kA parityAga / samavAyAMga, Avazyaka sUtra Adi granthoM meM bhI yahI bhAvanAe~ dI gaI haiN| adattAdAna viramaNa mahAvrata acaurya mahAvrata ke rUpa meM prasiddha adattAdAna kA vivecana dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pandrahaveM adhyayana meM vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai| gA~va, nagara, akhya, thor3A, bahuta, sUkSma, sthUla, sacetana, acetana Adi padArtha svAmI ke nahIM diye jAne para na to svayaM grahaNa karanA, na svayaM dUsare ke dvArA grahaNa karavAnA aura na hI grahaNa karate hue kA anumodana krnaa| arthAt adattAdAna grahaNa karane vAlA zramaNa tIna kAraNoM se, tIna yogoM se yAvat jIvana pratijJApUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai| yadi kisI taraha pUrva kRta adattAdAna meM pApa kI pravRtti hotI hai to vaha pApa kI nivRtti ke lie pratikramaNa 242 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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karatA hai, AtmaniMdA karatA hai, guru kI sAkSI se usakI gardA karatA hai aura apanI AtmA se adattAdAna kA vyutsarga karatA hai|51 AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke tRtIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM AdAna zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa AdAna zabda ko vRttikAra ne isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai-Atma pradezoM ke sAtha ATha prakAra ke karma jina kAraNoM se AdAna/grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, cipakAye jAte haiM, ve pA~ca Asrava, aThAraha pApa sthAna, aura kaSAya rUpa haiM, isalie inakA parityAga karanA caahie|52 corI ko Asrava dvAra ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| adattAdAna viramaNa mahAvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ nimna prakAra dI gaI haiM1. yathAyogya vicArapUrvaka avagraha kI yAcanA kreN| 2. avagraha, anujJA, grahaNazIla bneN| 3. avagraha kI kSetra kAla sambandhI jo bhI maryAdA grahaNa kI ho usakA ullaghaMna na kreN| 4. gurujanoM kI anujJA grahaNa karake AhAra-pAnI Adi kA upabhoga kreN| 5. sAdharmiyoM se bhI vicArapUrvaka avagraha yAcanA kreN|53 adattAdAna viramaNa mahAvrata se chahaH kAya ke jIvoM kA rakSaNa hotA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM zramaNa caryA ke vivecana meM AhAra grahaNa Adi ke samaya ko khAta, bhitti, sandhi, udaka, bhavana Adi kA vicAra karake grahapati se AhAra kA grahaNa varjita batalAyA hai| adatta arthAt corI se sabhI taraha kA ghAta hotA hai| isalie una kriyAoM se vimukta hokara jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kI ArAdhanA zramaNa kA parama kartavya mAnA gayA hai| maithuna viramaNa AcArAMga sUtra ke samyaktva adhyayana meM nirmala dRSTi se saccI zraddhA aura yathArtha lakSya kA bodha karAyA gayA hai| isI meM tattvajJa vyakti ke lie tapa ke mahattva kA bodha bhI karAyA gayA hai| vIra sAdhaka AtmasvarUpa meM prasannatA dhAraNa kara saMyama meM tallInatA rakhatA hai| pA~ca samiti se yukta hokara sadA prayatnapUrvaka kriyA karatA hai| jJAnAdi se yukta brahma kI upAsanA bhI karatA hai| brahma upAsanA evaM brahmacarya meM tallInatA vIroM kA mArga kahA jAtA hai| vIra puruSa brahmacarya meM rahakara zarIra ko vaza karatA hai/damana karatA hai|5 .. brahmacarya kA artha Atma-sAkSAtkAra aura paramAtmA-darzana hai| brahma zabda Izvara aura AtmA kA nAma hai| "brahmaNi caryate anena iti brahmayarcam" arthAt isa vyutpatti ke anusAra brahma meM lIna honA brahmacarya hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 243 For Personal & Private Use Only

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brahmacarya zArIrika aura mAnasika zakti ko sudRr3ha banAtA hai| Asakti arati, rati, asaMyata kI bhAvanA ko samApta kara vIrya kI rakSA karatA hai| yaha AtmA kA parama sAdhana hai| sabhI tapoM meM brahmacarya ko uttama tapa bhI kahA hai|56 ___brahmacarya ke cAra artha haiM-(1) brahma meM vicaraNa karanA, (2) maithuna viramaNa/indriya saMyama (3) gurukula vAsa aura (4) sdaacaar|57 AcArAMga vRttikAra ne brahmacarya ko cAritra kA eka mukhya aGga mAnA hai|58 - brahmacarya uttama tapa, niyama, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, samyaktva aura vinaya kA mUla hai| yaha indriya aura noindriya vijaya rUpa hai| yama aura niyama isake pradhAna guNa haiN| brahmacarya kA anuSThAna karane se munaSya kA anta:karaNa bAhya aura Abhyantara donoM dRSTiyoM se gambhIra banatA hai| brahmacarya deha aura mana kA damana karatA hai / 'vRttikAra ne karmopacaya aura tapazcaraNa kA sAdhana bhI mAnA hai|59 dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sAdhu evaM sAdhviyoM kI. saMyama sAdhanA kA vistAra se vivecana karane ke uparAnta caturtha mahAvrata (mehuNa viramaNa) ke aucitya ke sAtha unakI bhAvanAoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| samasta prakAra ke maithuna viSaya kA sevana mahAvratI ke lie ucita nahIM hai| isaliye vaha deva sambandhI, manuSya sambandhI aura tiryaMca yonI sambandhI maithuna kA na svayaM sevana karatA hai, na dUsaroM se karAne kI bhAvanA karatA hai aura karate hue kA na anumodana karatA hai|60 mehuNa-viramaNa kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ AcArAMga meM pratipAdita kI gaI haiM(1) strIkAmajanaka kathA vivarjana, (2) striyoM kI manorama aura manohara kAma-rAga kI dRSTi se rahita honA, (3) kAma-krIr3A se rahita honA, (4) atimAtrA meM AhAra pAnI kA sevana nahIM karanA cAhie, (5) zayyA, Asana Adi kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie|61 samavAyAMga, Avazyaka cUrNi, tattvArtha sUtra, sarvorthasiddhi Adi granthoM meM isI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| brahmacarya kI viziSTa bhAvanAoM ke pAlana se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai| parigraha viramaNa "parigRhAt rati prigrho|"62 vRttikAra ne isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para yaha kathana kiyA hai ki jo grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha parigraha hai| dharma upakaraNa ke atirikta upakaraNoM ko saMgRhIta karanA parigraha hai| yadi saMyama ke upakaraNoM meM bhI mUrchA bhAva hai to vaha bhI parigraha hai / 63 "tattvArthasUtra meM bhI mUrchA parigraha"64 kahA hai| loka vijaya adhyayana ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM sAdhaka ke lie vividha prakAra ke doSoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| sAdhaka udgama doSa, utpAdana doSa, eSaNA doSa aura maMDala doSa se rahita hotA hai / yaha kAlajJa, vallajJa, mAtrajJa, kSetrajJa, kSaNajJa, 244 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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vinayajJa, sva-samaya, parasamayajJa, bhAvajJa Adi hotA hai| isI ke sAtha vahI parigraha meM mamatva dRSTi ko nahIM rakhane vAlA bhI hotA hai, aisA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|65 sAdhaka ke vastra, pAtra, kambala, rajoharaNa, sthAnaka, pAdapuMchana, zayyA aura Asana bhI parigraha rUpa mAne gaye haiN| isalie sAdhaka devendra avagraha, rAja avagraha, grahapati avagraha, zayyAntara avagraha aura sAdhArmika avagraha ko bhI AjJApUrvaka grahaNa karatA hai| AhAra Adi kI prApti kaise kI jAe? isa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA ki adhika padArtha milane para saMgraha nahIM kreN| parigraha se apane Apa ko dUra rkheN|66 loka vijaya adhyayana ke chaThe uddezaka meM kahA hai ki mamatva kA janma mamatA se hotA hai| mamatva kA nAma parigraha hai| parigraha do prakAra kA hai-(1) dravya parigraha aura (2) bhAva parigraha / ina donoM parigrahoM kI vRttikAra ne vistAra se carcA kI hai| mamatva buddhi ke tyAga se bhAva parigraha hotA hai aura mamatA ke tyAga se dravya parigraha hotA hai jo mamatva buddhi kA tyAga karatA hai vahI mamatva ko chor3a sakatA hai aura jise mamatva nahIM hai vaha mokSa patha ko jAnane vAlA hai, vahI medhAvI hai muni hai|67 __ mamatA aura mamatva buddhi jIva ko AtmasvarUpa kA bhAna nahIM hone detA hai padArthoM kI Asakti se Atma svabhAva kI pratIti nahIM hotI hai isaliye cAhe parigraha thor3A/alpa ho, sUkSma/sthUla, sacitta yA acitta kisI bhI prakAra ke parigraha ko mahAvratI na grahaNa karatA hai na dUsaroM se grahaNa karavAtA hai aura na grahaNa karate hue kA anumodana hI karatA hai| AtmA se parivAhita parigraha kA pUrNa rUpa se parityAga karatA hai|68 parigraha viramaNa vrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra dI gaI haiM-(1) zrotra indriya ke rAga se uparati, (2) cakSu indriya ke rAga se uparati (3) ghrANa indriya ke rAga se uparati (4) rasa indriya ke rAga se uparati aura (5) sparza indriya ke rAga se uparati / indriya sambandhI manojJa aura amanojJa donoM prakAra ke viSayoM kA parityAga parigraha viramaNa vrata kI vizeSatA hai| samiti jo prANI mAtra kI sattA hai, vaha samiti hai yaha samabhAvoM se utpanna hotI hai, isameM zubha aura azubha karma kA karaNa bhI vahIM hotA hai| arthAt samyak prayatnapUrvaka jo kriyA kI jAtI hai vaha samiti hai| samiti ko sAvadhAnI samyak pravRtti aura samabhAva dRSTi bhI kaha sakate haiN|69 loka-vijaya adhyayana meM samabhAva kI pravRttiyoM ko darzAte hue likhA hai ki sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, sabhI ke lie apanA jIvana priya hai| samiti ke pA~ca bheda haiM--(1) IryA (2) bhASA (3) eSaNA (4) AdAna-nikSepaNa aura (5) utsrg| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM ina samitiyoM kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 245 For Personal & Private Use Only

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IryA isake tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma IryA samiti hai isameM bhikSa-bhikSaNI ke varSAvAsa. vihAra, saMyama mArga Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| IryA kA nAma gati hai arthAt gamanAgamana ke kAraNa nAnA prakAra ke jIvoM kA ghAta ho jAnA svabhAvika hai isalie una jIvoM ke virAdhanA ke bhAva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sAdhaka IryA samiti kA pAlana karatA hai| usameM vaha cAra prakAra kA prayatna karate haiM 1. jIva-jantuoM ko dekhakara calanA dravya yatanA hai| 2. yugamAtra bhUmi ko dekhakara calanA kSetra yatanA hai| 3. amUla kAla meM calanA kAla yatanA hai aura 4. saMyama aura sAdhanA ke bhAva se upayogapUrvaka calanA bhAva yatanA hai|72 ataH jisa samiti meM gamanAgamana ke samaya meM yatanApUrvaka yA samabhAvapUrvaka gamana karanA IryA samiti kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| vRttikAra ne kahA hai ki IryA samiti se yukta sAdhaka mArga meM calate hue sabhI prakAra ke asAra kA parityAga kara deN|73 sAdhu samAcArI kA yahI mUla uddezya hai isameM saMyata bhAva kI vizeSatA hai| bhASA samiti saMyamI sAdhu evaM sAdhvI vicArapUrvaka bhASA samiti se yukta saMyata vacanoM kA prayoga karate haiN| isalie ve nizcita bhASI, niSThA bhASI hote haiN| samiti meM sva aura para ko mokSa kI ora le jAne vAle hitakAraka vacana, nirarthaka vacana se rahita spaSTa zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhu evaM sAdhvI vacana ke AcAroM ko sunakara chala, kapaTa rahita vANI kA prayoga karate haiN| sAdhu evaM sAdhvI ke lie chaha prakAra ke sAvadha bhASA ke prayoga kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| (1) krodha kA abhAva, (2) abhimAna kA abhAva, (3) chala-kapaTa kA abhAva, (4) lobha kA abhAva, (5) kaThoratA kA abhAva aura (6) sarvakAla sambandhI doSoM kA abhAva / 74 ___ solaha prakAra ke vacanoM kA AcArAMga meM kathAnaka kiyA gayA hai-(1) ekavacana, (2) dvivacana, (3) bahuvacana, (4) strIliMga kathana, (5) pulliMga kathana, (6) napuMsakaliMga kathana, (7) adhyAtma kathana, (8) upanIta (prazaMsAtmaka) kathana, (9) apanIta (nindAtmaka) kathana, (10) upanItAupanIta (prazaMsApUrvaka nindA vacana) kathana, (11) apanItopanIta (nindApUrvaka prazaMsA) kathana, (12) atIta vacana, (13) vartamAna vacana, (14) anAgata (bhaviSyat vacana), (15) pratyakSa vacana aura (16) parokSa vacana / 75 vRttikAra ne bhASA samiti se yukta sAdhu-sAdhvI ke lie samatApUrvaka saMyata vacanoM kA prayoga batalAyA hai|6 bhASA jagata nAmaka AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM bhASA samiti kI vizeSatAoM kA vistAra se 246 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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vivecana kiyA hai| jahA~ bhASA prayoga ke solaha vacanoM ke viveka ho spaSTa kiyA hai. vahIM yaha nirdeza kiyA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI (1) satyA, (2) mRSA, (3) satyAmRSA aura (4) asatyAmRSA kA pUrNa pAlana kreN| bhASA jagata nAmaka isa adhyayana meM ukta cAroM ke bheda batAye haiN| isameM sAvadha aura niravadya donoM hI dRSTiyoM ko acchI taraha se samajhAyA gayA hai| isI ke anta meM kahA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kA parityAga karake vicArapUrvaka niSThAbhASI, nizamyabhASI, atvaritabhASI aura vivekabhASI hoN|78 * ataH jisameM bhASA ke prayoga kA viveka nizcita ho, vaha jJAna se paripUrNa pratyana bhASA samiti hai|79 eSaNA samiti eSaNA kA artha khojanA hotA hai| sAdhu-sAdhvI kI nirlobha vRttipUrvaka jo vastra Adi kA grahaNa hotA hai, vaha eSaNA samiti hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke paJcama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM vastraeSaNA aura pAtraiSaNA kI vizeSa rUpa se carcA kI hai| zayyA, Asana, upadhAna, zAstra aura upakaraNa kI eSaNA karate hue unameM lagane vAle doSoM kA parityAga karatA hai| - . vRttikAra ne eSaNA arthAt gaveSaNA kI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki sAdhaka ko grahaNa eSaNA aura paribhoga eSaNA kA pUrNa rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA cAhie; kyoMki sAdhaka kI kriyAyeM saMyama ke rakSaNa ke lie hotI haiN| -- saMyamazIla sAdhu evaM sAdhvI nimna prakAra ke vastroM kI eSaNA karate samaya nirlobhabhAva se bahumUlya bahu Arambha se niSpanna vastra Adi kA prayoga na kreN| vRttikAra ne isakI vistAra se carcA kI hai| 1 (1) Ajigka (2) zlakSNa (3) zlakSNa kalyANa (4) Ajaka (5) kAyaka (6) kSaumika dukUla (7) valkala vastra (8) aMzaka (9) cInAMzuka (10) dezarAga (11) amila (12) garjala (13) sphaTika yukta eSaNIya vastra Adi meM doSa lagane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isalie sAdhu cAra prakAra kI eSaNIya pratimAoM, 82 (uddeSTA, prekSitA) paribhuktapUrvA aura ujjhita dhArmika ko pratijJA jina AjJAnuvarti rahate hue unakI eSaNA kreN| 3. eSaNA samiti dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra kI hai| isameM pravRtta sAdhaka 96 prakAra ke doSoM se rahita vastra, pAtra, AhAra, vasati Adi kI gaveSaNA karatA hai| ataH jisa vastra, Asana Adi ke grahaNa meM samyak anveSaNa kI pravRtti hotI hai vahI eSaNA samiti hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 247 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AdAna nikSepa jisa samiti meM vastu kA parigraha evaM parityAgaM vivekapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai vaha samiti AdAna nikSepaNa samiti hai| vastu mAtra ko bhalIbhA~ti dekhakara evaM pramArjita karake lenA yA rakhanA AdAna nikSepa samiti hai| zarIra, upAzraya, upakaraNa, sthaMDila (mala-mUtra visarjana kI bhUmi), avaSTaMbha aura mArga ye pratilekhanIya haiN| AgamoM meM pratilekhanIya vidhi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne isa samiti ko ahiMsA vrata ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai|5 dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva Adi jitane bhI upakaraNa haiM unheM vivekapUrvaka grahaNa karatA hai aura jIva rahita svaccha bhUmi para unheM rakhatA hai| pratilekhanA ke nAma se yaha prasiddha samiti chaha prakAra kI pratilekhanAoM kA vivecana karatI hai-(1) ArabhaTA pratilekhanA, (2) samarmadA pratilekhanA, (3) mosalI pratilekhanA, (4) prasphoTanA pratilekhanA, (5) vikSiptA pratilekhanA,(6) vedikA prtilekhnaa| ogha niyukti bhASya, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka Adi meM isakA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha samiti prANI mAtra kI rakSA kA saMkalpa . pratipAdita karatI hai| utsarga uccAra pAsavaNa (uccAra prasravaNa) dvitIya zratuskandha kA yaha nAma zarIra kI do prakAra kI kriyAoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| vRttikAra ne isakI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai ki zarIra se jo prabala viveka ke sAtha cyuta hotA hai apagata hotA hai| vaha uccAra hai| uccAra ko mala yA viSTA kahate haiN| prazravaNa kA artha hai-prakarSa rUpa se jo zarIra se bahatA hai yA jharatA hai vaha prazravaNa hai| uccAra aura prazravaNa ye donoM zArIrika kriyAe~ haiM, inakA visarjana karanA anivArya hai| sAdhaka uccAra prazravaNa kI zaMkA se pUrva hI sthaMDila pradeza para jAye aura vahA~ prAsuka bhUmi ko dekhakara mala-mUtra kA visarjana kre| mala-mUtra donoM hI durgandha yukta padArtha haiN| sAdhaka ko cAhie kI vaha uccAra-prazravaNa ko vivekapUrvaka prAsuka sthAna para hI nikSepa kre| isameM kaI prakAra kI sAvadhAniyoM kA vivecana bhI hai, jisakI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| yaha carcA bAIsa sUtroM meM hai| niSiddha sthAnoM para mala-mUtra visarjana karane se jIva-jantuoM kI virAdhanA hotI hai, ve daba jAte haiN| unase jIvoM ko kaSTa hotA hai| isalie jIvayukta pRthvI, kIcar3a, harI vanaspati, kheta, vRkSa yA udyAna Adi meM mala nikSepa nahIM karanA caahie| niSiddha 248 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSetroM kA vistAra se vivecana vRttikAra ne karate hue yaha kathana bhI kiyA hai ki sAdhu samAdhi evaM samabhAva ko dRSTi meM rakhakara mala-mUtra Adi kA visarjana kreN| samitiyA~ samabhAva kI dyotaka haiN| sAdhu evaM sAdhvI gamanAgamana, bhASA prayoga, vastu gaveSaNA aura mala-mUtra Adi ke visarjana karate samaya samyak yatna karatA hai| isalie samiti samyak gamana, samyak caryA, samyak gaveSaNA Adi ke rahasya kA udghATana karatI hai| sAdhu evaM sAdhvI inhIM samabhAva kI vRttiyoM se yukta hokara gamana karate haiN| ataH inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| gupti __ mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti, ko rokanA gupti hai| gupti kA zAbdika artha rakSA hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM mana, vacana aura kAyA kI pravRtti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara SaTkAya jIva kI rakSA kA saMkalpa kiyA gayA hai| yaha saMkalpa saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha ke rUpa meM hotA hai| isalie saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha kI vRttiyoM kA mana, vacana aura kAya se rokanA gupti hai| samyak pravRtti kA lakSya rakhakara jo prayatna jIva rakSA ke nimita se kiyA jAtA hai vaha prayatna gupti hai| aNagAra sabhI prakAra kI guptiyoM se gupta hote haiN| jisase citta kI vRttiyoM kA virodha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha gupti hai| tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne kahA hai ki yogoM kA bhalIbhA~ti nigraha karanA gupti hai|92 / / gupti bheda : (1) mana gupti, (2) vacana gupti aura (3) kAya gupti-ye tIna guptiyA~ haiN| vRttikAra ne mana, vacana aura kAyA ke vyApAra rUpa kriyAoM ke AdhAra para jIvakAya kI rakSA kA vivecana kiyA hai| mana gupti saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha kI pravRtti meM pravRtta mana ko rokanA managupti hai| mana gupti ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM4-1. satya manogupti, 2. mRSA manogupti, 3. satya-mRSAMmanogupti aura 4. asatya-mRSA manogupti / ataH mana ko ekAgra karanA manogupti hai / naveM zrutaskandha meM mahAvIra ke manoyoga kA varNana hai, jisameM mahAvIra zizira Rtu meM bhI mana se AtApanA kI icchA nahIM karate haiM ve mUla guNoM aura uttara guNoM se yukta mana kA nigraha karate haiN|95 vacana gupti .. saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha kI kriyA vacana se bhI hotI hai| isalie vacana kA nigraha karanA vacana gupti hai| vRttikAra ne vacana ke lie vAk zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 249 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vAk gupti ke cAra bheda haiM-1. satya-vAk gupti, 2. mRSA-vAk gupti, 3. satya-mRSA vAk gupti aura 4. asatya-mRSA vAk gupti| mahAvIra caryA ke nAma se prasiddha upadhAna sUtra meM vacana gupti kA utkRSTa udAharaNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| jisa samaya lADa deza kI bhUmi para zramaNa mahAvIra vicaraNa kara rahe the, usa samaya meM bhI ve kucha nahIM bole| kabhI-kabhI acAnaka Aye hue Agantuka dvArA pUchA gayA ki yahA~ andara kauna hai ? taba bhI ve kucha nahIM bole| vacana gupti ke viSaya meM zivArya ne kahA hai ki jisase dUsare prANiyoM ko upadrava/pIr3A ho, aisA vacana vyavahAra nahIM karanA caahie| sampUrNa prakAra ke vacanoM kA tyAga vAk gupti yA vacana gupti hai|99 isalie sabhI vacana vizeSakAraka haiM / 200 kAya gupti zArIrika kriyAoM kA rokanA kAya gupti hai| sAdhaka kA gamanAgamana, zayana, Asana, caryA, vihAra Adi kAya-guptipUrvaka hI hotA hai| AcArAMga meM chaha prakAra ke paTakAya jIva kA jo vivecana hai, vaha zarIradhArI prANiyoM kI rakSA. ko mahattva detA hai| isalie kAyika vyApAra ko bhI rokanA Avazyaka hai| bhASA jAta adhyayana meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura rUpa ye bhASA vargaNA kAya yoga se hote haiN| isalie kAya sambandhI kriyAoM kA nigraha karanA kAya gupti hai| naveM adhyayana ke upadhAna zruta meM kAya sambandhI vividha prakAra ke kAya ke upasargoM kA vivecana hai| mahAvIra ne kAyika nigraha ko sadaiva banAe rkhaa| ve zarIra para vicaraNa karane vAle sA~pa, bicchu Adi jIvoM se bhayabhIta nahIM hue| kAyika pIr3A dI jAne para bhI vicalita nahIM hue evaM vividha prakAra ke upasargoM ke hone para bhI paTkAya jIvoM kI rakSA meM prayatnazIla rhe| ata: yaha samiti kAyika kriyAoM ko rokane vAlI kriyA hai| zarIra saMyama, mana saMyama, AhAra saMyama, nivAsasthAna saMyama, indriya saMyama, nidrA saMyama, kriyA saMyama aura upakaraNa Adi saMyama kAya gupti ke hI kAraNa hai| ata: samasta guptiyoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki samatva yukta sAdhaka yatanAzIla rahate AhAracaryA AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM AhAracaryA kA vistAra se vivecana hai| isakA piNDaiSaNA adhyayana sacita evaM acita AhAra grahaNa vidhi evaM niSedha Adi ko prastuta karane vAlA hai| isake gyAraha uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM sacita saMsakta AhAraiSaNA, sabIja-anna-grahaNa eSaNA, anyatIrthika gRhastha sahagamana niSedha, auddezikAdi doSa rahita piNDaiSaNA aura nityAgrAhi Adi grahaNa nissedh| dvitIya 250 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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uddezaka meM aSTamI parvAdi meM AhAra grahaNa vidhi, niSedha, bhikSA yogya kula, indramaha Adi utsava meM azanAdi tapa ke mAdhyama se AhAra eSaNA aura saMkhaDi-gamana-niSedha hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM vividha doSoM kA niSedha, zaMkAgrasta AhAra kA niSedha, bhaMDopakaraNa sahita gamanAgamana aura graha pada ko niSiddha kiyA gayA hai| caturtha uddezaka meM godohana velA meM AhAra kA niSedha aura atithi praveza para niSedha kA vivecana hai| paJcama uddezaka meM gRha meM praviSTa hone para AhAra kA vidhipUrvaka grahaNa evaM banda daravAje meM praveza kA bhI niSedha kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha uddezaka meM rasAnveSI kRkaTa Adi ko dekhakara praveza karane Adi kA vivecana hai| saptama uddezaka meM SaTkAya jIva pratiSThita AhAra grahaNa niSedha aura pAnaka eSaNA kA vivecana bhI hai| aSTama uddezaka meM vanaspati kI rakSA mUla, skandha, zAkhA, patra, phala, bIja, puSpa Adi ke rakSaNa kA saMdeza detA hai| naveM uddezaka meM AdhAkarmika Adi grahaNa kA niSedha, pratyAnupUrvaka AhAra kI yAcanA. Adi kA varNana hai| dasaveM uddezaka meM AhAra eSaNA meM viveka kA pratipAdana karatA hai aura ekAdaza uddezaka meM piMDaiSaNA evaM pAna-eSaNA kA vidhivata mAlana kA bhI upadeza diyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne gacchAntargata (sthavira kalpI aura gacchavinirgata (jinakalpI) ye do sAdhuoM ke AhAra sambandhI zuddha avagraha kA kathana kiyA hai| gacchanirgata aura gacchAntargata sAdhuoM ko samyak dRSTi se dekhanA caahie| vRttikAra ne AhAra kI bhUmi, vihAra kI bhUmi evaM svAdhyAya kI bhUmi Adi kA vivecana karate hue AhAracaryA karate samaya nimna kuloM kA dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka batalAyA hai / bhoga, rAjanya, kSatriya,ikSvAku, harivaMza, vaizya, daNDaka, koTThAga,bokkayazAlI Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai|103 Adaizika mizrajAta, krItakRta, udyataka, Acchedyata aura aniSTa AhAroM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / 104 AhAracaryA kaise kI jAve? AcArAMga vRttikAra ne isakI samyak vivecanA kI hai| unhoMne pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jahA~ klIba/napuMsaka yA gaNikA Adi hoM tathA jahA~ para maithuna/abrahmapUrvaka vicaraNa kiyA jAtA ho, vahA~ bhojana na kareM aura na hI vahA~ se bhojana leveN| AhAra yAcanA ke lie jAte samaya zramaNa ko pAtra, vastra, rajoharaNa, Ahada ko sAtha meM le jAnA caahie|105 ___ . sAdhu yathAyogya navavidha, dasavidha, ekAdazavidha, dvAdazavidha upadhiparvaka vicaraNa kareM saMthA gamanAgamana karate samaya svAdhyAya-bhUmi, vihAra-bhUmi, vicAra-bhUmi, viSThotsarga bhUmi Adi kA vicAra kareM / 106 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 251 For Personal & Private Use Only

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isa taraha sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM ke AhAracaryA ke vividha prakAra ke kAraNoM ko AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vidhivat vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura sAdhanA evaM sAdhaka jinaAjJApUrvaka saMyama kA pAlana karate hue jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI zuddhi ko bhI dekhatA hai| saMyamazIla sAdhaka samAdhi ke samaya meM bhI AhAra kI eSaNA jina AjJApUrvaka hI karatA hai| isI se bhikSubhAva kI yA jJAnAdi AcAra kI samagratA zrAvaka dharma ___ mUlataH AcArAMga zramaNa kI AcAra paddhati ko hI prastuta karane vAlA hai| isameM gRhastha dharma kA ullekha nahIM hai, parantu kaI prakAra ke gRhasthoM kA ullekha hai| jaise-rAjA, vaizya, gaNDaka, koTThAga, bokkayazAlI, gAhApati, gAhApatnI, parivAra, parivAdi Adi gRhasthoM kA ullekha isameM hai| gRhastha mUlata: pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSA vrata kA pAlana karane vAle hote haiN| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke samasta vivecana meM gRhastha kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| vRttikAra ne gRhastha ko saMyata evaM saMskArayukta hai batalAyA gayA hai / 108 prathama zrutaskandha ke dvitIya loka vijaya adhyayana meM zrAvaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|09 vRttikAra ne gRhastha ko kutsita arthAt kusamaya kahA hai; kyoMki ye kAma-parigraha ke dvArA kutsita mArga meM lage hue rahate haiM jisakA loka kAma-parigrahI hotA hai, ve gRhastha Azrama evaM gRhastha bhAva kI prazaMsA karate haiN| ve gRhastha Azrama ke samAna koI anya dUsarA dharma nahIM mAnate haiN| gRhastha Azrama kA pAlana yoddhA aura napuMsaka bhI karate haiM parantu jo mahAmoha se mohita, icchAoM meM rata evaM viSaya-bhogoM meM pravRtta hote haiM ve loka ke sAra ko nahIM jAnate haiN| loka kA sAra jJAna, darzana, caraNa aura tapa hai| jo inase yukta hotA hai, vahI gRhastha Azrama kA AdhAra hai|10 __ gRhasthajana apane liye tathA apane putra-putrI, bahU, kuTumbI, jAtijana, dhAI, dAsa-dAsI, karmakAra, karmakArI (naukara-cAkara), mehamAna evaM kuTumbiyoM ke liye prAtaH evaM sAyaM nAnA prakAra kA Arambha karate haiM / 11 isake saMrambha, samArambha aura Arambha kI kriyAe~ hiMsAjanya hotI haiN| gRhastha nAnA prakAra ke parigrahoM se yukta hotA hai| parantu ve jIvana ko saMyata karane ke lie saMyama kI bhAvanA karate haiM, ve yaha bhI socate haiM ki gaMgA ke pravAha ke viruddha tairanA kaThina hai, samudra ko bhujAoM se pAra karanA duSkara hai va bAlukA ke niHsvAda grAsoM kA gale utAranA muzkila hai aura lohe ke 252 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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cane cabAnA kaThina hai / 192 isalie vivekapUrNa zrAvaka zArIrika aura mAnasika zAnti ke lie adhyAtma kA mArga apanAte haiN| zrAvaka ke vrata zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata Agama evaM siddhAnta granthoM meM nirUpita kiye gaye haiMbAraha vratoM meM pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNa vrata aura cAra zikSA vrata Ate haiN| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye pA~coM gRhasthoM ke mUlAdhAra haiN| ina vratoM se sUkSma evaM maryAdita jIvana vyatIta karane kI zikSA milatI hai| paJca aNuvrata(1) ahiMsANuvrata (sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa) ahiMsANuvrata meM ahiMsA kI maryAdA para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai / zrAvaka bandha, vadha, chaviccheda, adhibhAra aura bhaktapAna viccheda-ina pA~ca aticAroM se rahita apanI kriyAe~ karatA hai| (2) satyANuvrata (sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa) saccaMkhu aNavajjaM vayaMti-satya anavadya/apApakArI vacana haiN| isameM asat ko sthAna nahIM diyA jAtA hai / vRtti, zrAvaka sahasAbhyAkhyAna, rahasyAbhyAkhyAna, svadAra maMtra bheda, mithyopadeza aura kUTalekha prakriyA, ina doSoM se zrAvaka bacatA hai aura sAvadhAnIpUrvaka satyavrata ke pAlana meM dRr3ha rahatA hai| (3) acauryANuvrata (sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa) zrAvaka isa vrata ke pAlana karane meM acaurya kA bhAva rakhatA hai, vaha ajJAta vyakti kI vastu ko na uThAtA hai aura na hI pAsa meM rakhatA hai| vaha stenAhRta, taskara prayoga, viruddharAjyAtikrama, kUTatulA-kUTamAna aura tatpratirUpaka vyavahAra kA sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pAlana karatA hai| (4) brahmacaryANuvrata-. (svadAra-santoSavrata) zrAvaka kA jIvana isase saMtoSI banA rahatA hai| vaha maithana ko chor3akara kAma-vAsanA para niyaMtraNa rakhatA hai| brahmacarya vratI 13 itvarika parigrahItAgamana, aparigrahItAgamana, anaMga krIr3A, para-vivAha-karaNa aura kAma-bhoga tIvrAbhilASA-ina doSoM se bacatA hai| (5) aparigrahANuvrata___ . (sthUla parigraha 14 parimANa vrata) kSetra, vAstu, hiraNya, suvarNa, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada aura kupya yA gopya-ina nau parigrahoM meM Asakti na rakhate hue zrAvaka apane vrata kA pAlana karatA hai tathA kSetra vastuparimANAtikrama, hiraNya-suvarNa parimANAtikrama, AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 253 For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvipada-catuSpada parimANAtikrama, dhana-dhAnya parimANAtikrama aura kupya parimANAtikrama-ina pA~ca aticAroM se bacatA haiN| guNavrata(1) dizAparimANa vrata Urdhva dizA, adhodizA, pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, IzAna, Agneya, naiRtya, vAyavya Adi dizAoM kI maryAdA kA saMkalpa zrAvaka kA pramukha kartavya hai| vaha viSayAdi ke pA~ca doSoM se rahita guNavrata kA pAlana karatA hai| (2) upabhoga-paribhoga parimANavrata upabhoga aura paribhoga vastuoM kA ullekha AgamoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya kiyA gayA hai| una vastuoM kA upabhoga karate samaya zrAvaka trasa vadha, bahuvadha,pramAda, aniSTa aura anupasevya se bacatA hai| zrAvaka ko kaI prakAra kI vastuoM ko grahaNa karanA par3atA hai| zrAvaka vyavasAya meM bhI lagA rahatA hai| vaha alpArambhI, alpa parigrahI, dhArmika, dharmAnusArI, dharmaniSTha, dharmakhyAtI, dharmapralaukitatA, dharma prajvalana evaM dharmayukta hai|15 ve dharmapUrvaka AjIvikA calAte haiM tathA ati-hiMsAjanya aGgAra karma, vanakarma, zakaTakarma, bhATakarma, sphoTakarma, danta vANijya, keza vANijya, lAkSA vANijya, rasa vANijya, viSa vANijya, yaMtra pIr3ana karma, nilAMcchana karma, dAvAgnidApana karma, tar3Aga zoSaNa karma aura asatIjana poSaNa karma se sadA bacate haiN| (3) anartha daNDa viramaNavrata ____ apadhyAnAcarita, pramAdAcarita, hiMsApradhAna aura pApakarmopadeza-ina cAra prayojana rahita, hiMsA se rahita zrAvaka prayatnapUrvaka apane kArya ko prArambha karate haiN| zikSAvrata(1) sAmAyika vrata samabhAva ke lAbha kA vrt| yaha vrata samatva para AdhArita hotA hai| vratI zrAvaka manoduSpaNidhAna, kArya duSpaNidhAna, smRtihInatA aura anavasthitatA ke doSoM se bacakara sAmAyika vrata kA pAlana karatA hai| (2) dezAvakAzika vrata vratI, zrAvaka sacita, dravya, vigaya, pANI, tAmbUla, vastra, kusuma, vAhana, vilepana, zayana, abrahmacarya, dizA, snAna aura bhakta-ina caudaha doSoM kA parihAra karake nizcita avadhi kA pAlana karatA hai| (3) pauSadhopavAsa vratazrAvaka isa vrata se upavAsapUrvaka AtmadhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai| AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana 254 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(4) atithisaMvibhAga vrata satkAra sevA zrAvaka kA svAbhAvika guNa hai| vaha sacittanikSepa, sacittapidhAna, kAlAtikrama, paravyapadeza aura mAtsarya-ina aticAroM se rahita anukampApUrvaka supAtroM ko dAna detA hai| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko diyA gayA dAna ucca zreNI kA hotA hai| isalie zrAvaka yathAzakti atithisatkArapUrvaka apanI bhojana vidhi ko pUrNa karatA hai| zrAvaka ke vratoM ke Adarza rUpa zrAvaka ko AcAra kI pavitratA kI ora le jAte haiN| isalie zrAvakoM ke AcAra ke anusAra pAkSika zrAvaka (prArambhika dazA) naiSThika zrAvaka (madhyadazA) aura sAdhaka zrAvaka (pUrNadazA) ye tIna bheda zAstrIya dRSTi se pratipAdita kiye jAte haiN| vratI zrAvaka ke guNa pratimA Adi ke AdhAra para zrAvaka ke guNa bar3hate haiN| isase zrAvaka niyamita, saMyata aura AtmA kI pavitratA kI ora agrasara hotA hai| zrAvakoM ke vratoM kA ullekha mAtra hI AcArAMga vRtti meM huA hai| isalie vizeSa vivecana nahIM diyA jA rahA haiN| ___AcArAMga vRtti ke samagra viSaya ko sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isameM bAhya aura Abhyantara dRSTiyoM se isa prathama aGga Agama kI AcAra saMhitA kA gaharAI se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| AMcArAMga ke mUla pratipAdya viSaya "AcAra" ke vividha pahaluoM para UhApoha karane kA prayAsa alpajJa hote hue bhI viSaya vivecana ko eka naI dizA pradAna kara sakA hogaa| zodha kA yaha prayAsa nizcita hI hamArI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke udghATana meM naye ciMtana ko prastuta kara skegaa| AcArAMga vRtti ke pratipAdya viSaya kA upasaMhAra viSaya ke nirUpaNa ko prastuta kara skegaa| Agama sAhitya ke paricaya meM Agama svarUpa, Agama bheda, Agama kI pramukha vAcanAe~ evaM Agama kI bhASA-zailI Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM zIlAMka AcArya dvArA "Apta praNIta Agama" arthAt Agama Apta praNIta hai, aisA kathana vRttikAra ke zabdoM para hI kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra kI mUla bhAvanA ko lekara AcArAMga ke svarUpa Adi para isameM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga vRtti ke dvitIya adhyAya meM AcAra-vicAra, vyavahAra, vihAra, caryA, zayyA, upadhi; zuddhA-zuddhi viveka, vrata, tapa, niyama, upadhAna Adi para prakAza DAlate hue AcArAMga vRtti ke prathama zrutaskandha aura dvitIya zrutaskandha ke viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM nimna binduoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai 1. SaTkAya jIva kA rakSaNa evaM paryAvaraNa kI surkssaa| 2. saMsArAsakti kA kyA kAraNa hai ? usase jIva kaise mukta hotA hai aura kyA prApta karatA hai? 3. samabhAva evaM samyaktva kI dizA pradAna karane vAlA paramArtha hai| AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 255 For Personal & Private Use Only

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4. paramArthadRSTA dhIra-vIra evaM aizvarya yukta hotA hai| 5. loka kA sAra jJAna hai aura samyaktva mukti kA sAra hai| 6. parAkrama zramaNoM kA adhyavasAya hai, AjJAdharma hai aura sadguNoM kA vikAsa dRr3hatA kA pratIka hai| 7. mahAparijJA sAdhanA kI utkRSTa dazA hai| 8. sahiSNutA sampUrNa guNoM se prakaTa hotI hai| yaha samyaktva kI antaHkriyA hai| vimoca isakA antima pariNAma hai| 9. caryA, zayyA, parISahajaya aura tapascaryA vIratva kA. upadhAna hai| ____ AcArAMga vRtti ke prathama zrutaskandha meM nau adhyayana haiM, ina sabhI para vicAra karane se yaha bodha prApta huA hai ki AcArAMga meM AcAra-vicAra Adi se sambandhita jJAna-vijJAna kI muktAe~ haiM jo prabuddha pAThakoM ke lie AcAra-vicAra se jor3atI haiM, unheM AkarSita karatI haiM aura samyaktva kA patha batalAtI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki zIlAMka AcArya kI vRtti ke artha ko sameTa kara jo ciMtana evaM manana ke manthana se navanIta milA hai vaha snigdha hote hue bhI vividha dizAoM ko pradAna karane vAlA avazya bana skegaa| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke ciMtana se. AhAra zuddhi, saMyama sAdhanA ke sAtha sthAna zuddhi, gamanAgamana kA viveka, bhASA zuddhi, maryAdita vastra, pAtra kI anukUlatA, yogya AvAsa, svAdhyAya, dhyAna evaM vividha prakAra kI bhAvanAoM se zramaNAcAra kI pavitratA kA Adhunika sandarbha meM bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isakI jIvana paddhati pratipAdita rIti-rivAja, sthitiyA~, maryAdAe~, kalA, saMskRti, rAjanIti, dArzanikatA, dhArmika dRSTikoNa Adi para paryApta sAmagrI hai, jo anyatra kama hI milatI hai| isameM AcAra-vicAra Adi ke sAtha vRttikAra ne Antarika viSaya ko kholane ke lie jJAnavardhaka Adi kA saMkSipta ciMtana kiyA hai vaha unakI bhAvanA ko spaSTa kara skegaa| AcArAMga vRtti meM zIlAMka AcArya ne nikSepa aura naya ina do dArzanika sUtroM ko kendrabindu banAkara pratyeka sUtra kI dArzanika samIkSA hI prastuta kara dI hai| prArambhika prastAvaka meM paJca vidha AcAra-vicAra ke sAtha naya pramANa aura nikSepa ke AdhAra para AtmA kA jo vivecana prastuta kiyA hai vaha dArzanika jagata meM sabhI pakSoM ko cintana karane ko bAdhya kara degaa| isakI AtmavAdI, karmavAdI, kriyAvAdI, lokavAdI vicAradhArA bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM naye prayoga hI kahe jAe~ge; kyoMki isase pUrva isa taraha kI dRSTi nahIM thii| kAraNa siddha hai ki isase pUrva koI Agama likhA hI nahIM gayA thaa| Agama kI isa prathama aGga grantha meM vRttikAra ne jo dRSTi dI hai, vaha darzana jagata ke lie upayogI kahI jA sakatI hai / 256 AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAtma aura tattvajJAna kA paricAyaka yaha grantha dharma kI mUla bhAvanA se vyakti ko jor3e rakhatA hai| isameM kisI vyakti, samAja evaM varga ko mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| yaha to prANImAtra ke dharma kA mUla udghoSaka hai| isakI ahiMsA meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa ke prati bhI mAnavIyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| vyakta yA avyakta AtmAoM ke prati ahiMsaka rahane kA maMtra isI se prApta hotA hai| isameM sUkSma jIvoM kI yatanA para vicAra hai| yaha bhAvoM kI vizuddhatA kA sajaga paharI hai| antaravRttiyoM meM ahiMsAtmaka dharma isakA prANa tattva hai| yaha marmasparzI dharma aura darzana kA saMkSipta sAra hai, aGgoM kA sAra hai, AcAra kA sAra hai, darzana tattva kA pratipAdaka hai| cAritra isakI vizeSatA hai / nirvANa sarvopari hai kyoMki yahI avyAbAdha tattva hai| AcAra-vicAra pradhAna yaha vRtti hai| isameM sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika, sAMskRtika, bhaugolika Adi ke paricAyaka jJAna ko bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| maiMne isameM zramaNAcAra, zrAvakAcAra, jAti, kula, mAnyatAe~, khAna-pAna, nivAsa, vivAha, vyApAra, kalA Adi kA mAtra saMketa hI kiyA hai| yadyapi yaha vRtti, sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI sthApanA karane vAlA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isa para svataMtra rUpa se anusandhAna karane kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai| kyoMki isameM jJAna-vijJAna evaM bhAratIya samAja kA prAcIna svarUpa vidyamAna hai| zIlAMka AcArya ne isake prathama paricaya meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra-ina jAtiyoM ke atirikta Arya aura anArya Adi kI dRSTi se naya evaM nikSepa ke AdhAra para ambaSTha, ugra, niSAda, ayogava, mAgadha, sUta, kSatA, videha aura cANDAla Adi kI dRSTi para bhI vicAra kiyA hai, jisakA vistAra se vivecana adhyAya pA~ca meM kiyA gayA hai| .. aGga AgamoM kA yaha prathama grantha ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hai, jise ArSaprAkRta kahA jAtA hai / vRttikAra ne ArSa paramparA kI bhASA ko jIvita rakhate hue sama-sAmayika dRSTi se saMskRta bhASA ko AdhAra banAyA hai| isake prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA sUtrAtmaka, vizleSaNAtmaka, pAribhASAtmaka, vivecanAtmaka evaM vyutpattijanya arthoM ko liye hue hai| dhArmika evaM dArzanika vizleSaNa meM zIlAMka AcArya ne dRSTAnta pradhAna zailI ko apanAyA hai| yaha eka aisI zailI hai jisameM mUla vizleSaNa ke sAtha vivecanakartA kI bhAvanA bhI parilakSita dikhAI par3atI hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM zIlAMka AcArya ne viSaya ko vizleSita kiyA hai jisase bhASA mUla artha taka simaTa kara raha gaI haiN| kahIM-kahIM para zabda vizleSaNa kI pradhAnatA hai| zabda ke artha saMskRta ke mUla meM ba~dha kara hI raha gaye haiN| bhASAtmaka adhyayana meM saMjJA, sarvanAma, kriyA, kRdanta, taddhita, avyaya Adi kI vizeSatAoM ko nahIM ginAyA parantu unakI jAnakArI dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai| merA yaha mata hai ki zIlAMka AcArya ne apane samagra vivecana meM jo nikSepa zailI ko AcArAGga-zIlADUvRtti : eka adhyayana 257 For Personal & Private Use Only

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apanAyA hai usake AdhAra para isakI bhASA kA svataMtra vivecana honA caahie| tabhI isa Agama ke rahasya kA patA cala skegaa| zramaNAcAra aura zrAvakAcAra-ye AcAra ke do pramukha kSetra haiN| vRttikAra ne zramaNAcAra se sambandhita mUlaguNoM, uttaraguNoM Adi kI vistAra se vivecanA kI hai| zramaNa kA svarUpa, zramaNa ke bheda, zramaNa kI caryA, vihAra, zayana-Asana Adi ke vivecana isameM vidyamAna haiN| ye vivecana AdhAra kI pRSThabhUmi ko sudRr3ha banAne vAlI haiN| vRttikAra ne AcAra viSayaka isa AcArAMga ke sAdhanA tattva ko adhika upayogI batalAyA hai| zramaNa ke Azrama parijJAna ke paricAyaka haiN| unakA jIvana saMyamI hai| ahiMsaka unakI vRtti hai aura sadAcAra evaM samabhAva unake bala haiN| __ AcArAMga meM zramaNa caryA kA sUkSma vizleSaNa hai| gRhastha sambandhI vivecana prasaMgavaza kahIM-kahIM hI AyA hai kyoMki AcArAMga zramaNAcAra kI bhUmikA ko prastuta karane vAlA Agama hai| gRhasthAcAra yA zrAvakAcAra isakA viSaya nahIM hai parantu vratI zrAvaka zramaNavat AcaraNa karatA hai| usake lie dharma, dhyAna, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, tyAga, saMyama, samatva Adi sArabhUta haiN| kahA hai "logassa sAra dhammo, dhammapi ya nANa sAriyaM biMti / nANaM saMjamasAraM saMjamasAraM ca nivvANaM // 116 arthAta-saMsAra meM sArabhUta vastu dharma hai| dharma jJAna hai. jJAna kA sAra saMyama hai aura saMyama kA sAra nirvANa hai| donoM hI AcAra-vicAra vAle vyakti mukti cAhate haiN| saMsAra se chUTanA cAhate haiN| ataH AcAra evaM vicAra sabhI dRSTiyoM se sabhI ke lie hitakArI hai| isa taraha se sampUrNa AcArAMga vRtti ke viSaya kI vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArAMga vRtti jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa kI prabala bhAvanA se jIvana dAna dene vAlI vRtti hai| 000 258 AcArAGga-zIlAvRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha grantha 1. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 4 2. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 5 3. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 3 4. vahI, pRSTha 4 5. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 1 6. vahI, pRSTha 1 "davie daMsaNasohI daMsaNa suddhassa caraNaM tu" 7. vahI, pRSTha 3 8. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 3 9. vahI, pRSTha 3, 4 10. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 53 11. vahI, pRSTha 12. vahI, pRSTha 123 13. vahI, pRSTha 117 14. vahI, pRSTha 117 15. uttarAdhyayana vRtti, pRSTha 67 "zaMkanaM zaGkitaM dezasarvazaGkAtmakaM tasyAbhAvo ni:zaMkitam" 17. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 3 (ka) nissaMkiyanikkaMkhiya nivvatigicchAamUThadiTaThI ya ____uvavUhathirIkaraNe vacchalla pabhAvaNe aTaTh / / (kha) AcArya kundakunda-samayAsAra gA. 228 18. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 131 19. vahI, pRSTha 3 20. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 66 21. vahI, pRSTha 3 22. vahI, pRSTha 4 .. 23. A. pUjyapAda-sarvArthasiddhi 9/20 "manoniyamanArthatvAt / " . 24. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 4 25. vahI, pRSTha 161, 162, 163 26. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 66 . 27: vahI, pRSTha 135 28. vahI, pRSTha 136 29. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 137 AcArAGga-zIlAGkakRti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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30. vahI, pRSTha 138 31. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 217 32. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 217 33. vahI, pRSTha 217 34. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 217 35. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 119 36. vahI, pRSTha 123, 124 37. vahI, pRSTha 119 38. vahI, pRSTha 7 vahI, pRSTha 76, 77 40. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 74 41. vahI, pRSTha 78 42. AcArAMga sUtra 3/3/127 43. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 113 44. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 209 46. vahI, pRSTha 257 47. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 259 48. AcArAMga sUtra 407 samavAyAMga sUtra 50. tatvArtha sUtra 7/5 51. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 409 52. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 116 53. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 411 54. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 227 55. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 128 "vIre AyANijje viyAhie je dhuNAi samudasayaM vasittA baMbhaceraMmi" 56. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 328-329 57. muni madhukara--AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 141 58. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 117 59. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 129 60. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 412 61. vahI, pRSTha 413 62. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 90 63. vahI, pRSTha 90 64. tatvArtha sUtra 7/17 65. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 88 260 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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66. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 89 67. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 95 68. AcArAMga sUtra, pR. 415, 417 69. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 79 70. vahI, pRSTha 82 71. vahI, pRSTha 80 72. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 252 73. vahI, pRSTha 254 AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 257 75. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 258 76. vahI, pRSTha 258 77. vahI, pRSTha 259 78. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 261 80. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 267 81. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 263 82. vahI, pRSTha 264 84. tatvArtha sUtra 9/5, pR. 208 85. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 80 86. vahI, pRSTha 267 . 87. sthAnAMga-6 88. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTa 273 "uccavai sarIrAo uccAro zarIrAdut prAbalyena-apayAti caratIti vA uccAra viSThAH / vahI, pRSTha 273 "prakarSaNa zravatIti prazravaNam" 90. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 274 vahI, pRSTha 23 "guktA gukti hiM savvAhi / / " 92. tatvArtha sUtra pR. 207 "samyagyoganigraho gupti" 93. AMcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 17 94. uttarAdhyayana 24/20 -95. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 204 96. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 17 97. uttarAdhyayana 24/22 98. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 206 99. AcArya-zivArya, bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 11867 100.. A.ba. 257, savve'Siya vayaNavisohikari gaa| 101. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 257 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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100. A.ba. 257, savve'Siya vayaNavisohikari gaa| 101. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 257 102. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 239 103. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 218 104. vahI, pRSTha 220 105. vahI, pRSTha 221 106. vahI, pRSTha 222 107. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 239 "sampUrNa bhikSubhAvo yadAtmotkarSavarjanamiti" 108. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 220 "sa gRhastha: kAraNe saMyato vA svayameva saMskArayedityupasaMharati / " 109. vahI, pRSTha 59 110. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 132 gRhAzramasamodhammoM, na bhUto na bhaviSyati / pAlayanti narA: zUrAH, klIvA: pApaNDamAzritaH / / 111. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 86 112. vahI, pRSTha 91 113. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 146 114. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 82 115. (ka) jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, pR. 325 __ (kha) bhagavatI sUtra 116. AcArAMga vRtti, pRSTha 132 000 262 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha grantha sUcI (ka) prAcIna grantha 1. AcArAMga sUtra zrI madhukara muni, prakAzaka, zrI jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara san 1980 2. AcArAMga sUtra zrI saubhAgamala jI ma., jaina sAhitya nayApurA, ujjaina 3. AcArAMga sUtra saM. muni samadarzI, sva. zrI AtmArAma jI jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA 4. AcArAMga vRtti jambU vijaya jI, motIlAla banArasI dAsa. dillI 5. AcArAMga sUtra kA jaina parameSThI dAsa, AlocanAtmaka adhyayana zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, san 1960 6. AcArAMga: eka adhyayana DaoN. parameSThI dAsa jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, san 1987 7. AcArAMga ke sUkta rAmapuriyA zrIcanda, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, san 1960 8. AyArasuttaM mahopAdhyAya candraprabhasAgara, prakAzaka, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura san 1989 9. Avazyaka sUtra . zrI madhukara muni, prakAzaka, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, san 1985 10. Avazyaka sUtra ghAsIlAla jI ma, jaina zAstrodvAra samiti, rAjakoTa, san 1958 11. utttarAdhyayana sUtra zrI madhukara muni, prakAzaka, zrI jaina Agama prakAzaka ... samiti, byAvara 12. uttarAdhyayana sUtra ghAsIlAla jI ma. 13. upAsakadazA pI.ela.vaidya pUnA, san 1930 14. upAsakadazAMga aura koThArI subhASa, prakAzaka, usakA zrAvakAcAra: Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM eka parizIlana prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, san 1988 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 263 For Personal & Private Use Only

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15. tattvArtha sUtra 16. mUlAcAra 17. SaDdarzana samuccaya paM sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, san 1985 vaTTakera- pra. bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI haribhadra sUri, prakAzaka, bhAratIya jJAna pITha pablikezansa, dillI, san 1844 vyAkhyAkAra AtmArAma jI ma. ghAsIlAla jI ma. 18. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 19. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (kha) Adhunika grantha 20. AcArya devendra muni 21. AcArya hastimala 22. upAdhyAya baladeva 23. jaina udayacandra 24. jaina kailAzacandra 25. jaina komala 26. jaina jagadIzacandra jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, prakAzaka tArakaguru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa bhAga 1,2 bhAratIya darzana, pra. zAradA mandira banArasa, 1948 I. hema prAkRta vyAkaraNa, prakAzakaM, rAjasthAna prAkRta . bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, san 1983 jaina dharma, digambara jaina sAhitya prakAzana, mathurA jaina Agama meM nArI, prakAzaka, padmajA komala, devAsa, mapra. san 1986 prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, prakAzaka, caukhambA vidyA bhavana sosAyaTI, san 1985 Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, prakAzaka, caukhambA jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga, pra. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI prAkRta jaina kathA sAhitya, ahamadAbAda, 1971 I. kuvalayamAlA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, prakAzaka / prAkRta jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI saMvat 2032 mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pra. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, san 1987 27. jaina jagadIzacandra 28. jaina jagadIzacandra 29. jaina jagadIzacandra 30. jaina prema sumana 31. jaina phUlacanda 264 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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32. jaina sAgaramala dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM haribhadra kA yogadAna, prakAzana san 1990 33. jaina hIrAlAla bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, prakAzaka-madhya pradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, saM. 2032 34. paMDita sukhalAla saMghavI darzana aura cintana, prakAzaka, paMDita sukhalAla sanmAna samiti, ahamadAbAda, san 1956 35. mallInAtha jaina darzanasAra, prakAzana san 1981 36. mAlavaNiyA dalasukha Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, prakAzaka, sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA san 1990 37. muni rAkeza kumAra bhAratIya darzana ke pramukha vAda, prakAzaka, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, san 1988 38. muni rAjendra jaina dharma, prakAzaka, zrI tAraka guru granthAlaya, udayapura, saM. 2038 . mehatA mohanalAla jaina dharma aura darzana, pra. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, san 1973 40. mehatA mohanalAla - jaina darzana, prakAzaka, sanmati jJAna pITha, AgarA san 1959 41. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa jaina darzana aura anekAnta, prakAzaka Adarza sAhitya saMgha, cUrU, san 1989 42. zAstrI devendra muni jaina Agama digdarzana, prakAzaka, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura 43. zAstrI devendra muni jaina AcAra siddhAnta aura svarUpa, prakAzaka zrI tArakaguru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura 44. zAstrI devendra muni jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, prakAzaka, zrI tArakaguru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, san 1975 45. zAstrI devendra muni jaina dharma aura darzana, prakAzaka tArakaguru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura san 1982 46. zAstrI nemicandra prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, prakAzaka, tArA buka ejensI, vArANasI san 1988 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana 265 For Personal & Private Use Only

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. 47. zAstrI nemicandra haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pra. prAkRta zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI, 1965 I. prakAzaka, gurudeva smRti-grantha samiti, jaina bhavana, lohA maMDI, AgarA san 1964 48. gurudeva-ratna muni smRti grantha bhAratIya jJAna pITha, dillI, san 1988 (ga) koSa grantha jainendra siddhAnta koSa cAra bhAga 50. prAkRta zabda koSa motIlAla, banArasIdAsa, dillI aura .. prAkRta vidyA vikAsa phaNDa, ahamadAbAda, san 1987 . motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 51. saMskRta zabda koSa 000 266 AcArAGga-zIlAGkavRtti : eka adhyayana For Personal & Private Use Only

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grantha paricaya prastuta zodha prabandha zIlAMkAcArya kI AcArAGga sUtra kI TIkA kA vivecanAtmaka eka adhyayana hai| sAdhvI rAjazrIjI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dArzanika pariveza kA paricaya dete hue jaina darzana ke AdhArabhUta tattvoM ke pariprekSya meM AcArAMga vRtti kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa se adhyayana do adhyAyoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sAMskRtika dRSTikoNa se adhyayana meM vRttikAra dvArA usa kAla kI saMskRti ke vibhinna pahaluoM kI carcA ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai| vRtti meM carcita aitihAsika, dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Adi viSayoM kA pRthak adhyayana rocaka sUcanA sAmagrI lie hai| yaha samasta vivecana sAmAjika paristhitiyoM evaM vyavasthAoM kA vistRta lekhA-jokhA upalabdha karAtA hai| bhASAtmaka adhyayana meM sampUrNa viSaya ko nahIM sameTA gayA hai / .... For Personalvelser www.jaineliletary.me

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sAdhvI DaoN. rAjazrI janma janma nAma- rAdhA chAjer3a - -. 10.02.1966 janma sthAna - bagaDUndA gA~va nivAsa bagaDUndA jilA udayapura mAtA zrImatI amRtAbAI pitA sva0 zrI gopIlAlajI chAjer3a gotra - chAjer3a dIkSA grahaNa :- 02.12.1984 dIkSA sthala - dillI dIkSA nAma - sAdhvI rAjazrI dIkSA dAtA - upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramunijI ma0 guruvaryA - sAdhvI zrI cAritraprabhAzrIjI ma0 adhyayana - ema. e. (saMskRta), sAhityaratna, pI.eca.DI. Je tematica For Personal &Privateus