Jain Dharma ka Maulik Itihas Part 2

Author(s): Hastimal Maharaj
Publisher: Jain Itihas Samiti Jaipur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002072/1

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PI ca A jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa dvitIya bhAga kevalI va pUrvadhara khaNDa HOOL ciyA LIOLO ca rAja

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa kucha naye tathya: kucha vizeSatAeM: vIra nirvANa samvat 1 se smvt| 2000 taka kI pramukha dhArmika, 'sAmAjika va rAjanaitika ghaTanAoM kA tathyaparaka vivecn| jaina dharma kI dharmAcArya paramparAoM kA kramabaddha prAmANika itihaas| dvAdazAMgI ke kramika hAsa evaM viccheda viSayaka zodhapUrNa vizad miimaaNsaa| samasAmayika dharmAcAryoM evaM raajvNshoN| 'ke itivRtta kA zRMkhalAbaddha vastuparaka prstutikrnn| jaina itihAsa kI jaTila gutthiyoM kA 'pramANa purassara hala, baddhamUla bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa evaM samagra bhAratIya itihAsa viSayaka katipaya andhakArapUrNa prakaraNoM para nUtana prkaash| jaina paramparA meM mahilA varga dvArA 'zramaNI evaM zramaNopAsikA ke rUpa meM diye gaye anupama yogadAna kA bhavya vivrnn| itihAsa jaise gUDha evaM nIrasa viSaya kA sarasa, subodha evaM pravAhapUrNa bhASA zailI meM aalekhn|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (dvitIya bhAga) kevalI va pUrvadhara-khaNDa Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe savva sAhUNaM eso paMca NamokkAro, savva paavppnnaasnno| maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, paDhamaM havai mNglN|| parasparopagraho jIvAnAm

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa ( dvitIya bhAga ) kevalI va pUrvadhara - khaNDa - lekhaka evaM nirdezaka AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata premarAja bogAvata gajasiMha rAThaur3a, nyAya-vyAkaraNa- tIrtha (mukhya-sampAdaka) sampAdaka maNDala paMDitaratna muni zrI lakSmIcandra jI mahArAja zrI devendra muni 'zAstrI ' paM. zazikAnta jhA samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala bApU bAjAra, jayapura-302003 (rAja.) phona 0141-565997 prakAzaka jaina itihAsa samiti lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura - 302004 (rAja.)

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prakAzaka samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala jaina itihAsa samiti bApU bAjAra, jayapura-302003 (rAja.) lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA, phona - 0141-565997 jayapura-302004 (rAja.) (c) sarvAdhikAra surakSita prathama saMskaraNa : 1974 dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1987 tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1995 caturtha saMskaraNa : 2001 mUlya : ru. 500/- mAtra AvaraNa : pArasa bhaMsAlI mudraka : dI DAyamaNDa priMTiMga presa, motI siMha bhomiyoM kA rAstA, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura (rAja.) phona : 562929, 564771

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samarpaNa ************* puNye zatAbdi-su-mahe tava paMcavize, zrI varddhamAna ! jinanAtha ! samarpayAmi / jainetihAsakusumastabakaM dvitIyam, te hastimallamunipo'hamatIva bhaktyA // *************

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viSayAnukramaNikA prakAzakIya sampAdakIya prAkkathana 1. svarNimakAla 2. kevalikAla indrabhUti gautama janma aura vaMza zikSA veda-vidyA ke AcArya evaM unake chAtra gArhasthya-jIvana yAjakAcArya ke rUpa meM svAbhimAna ma. mahAvIra se zAstrArtha kA vicAra zAstrArtha ke liye prayANa bha. mahAvIra ko dekhakara vicAra ma. mahAvIra dvArA udbodhana jIva pratyakSa siddha hai vijJAnaghana kA vAstavika artha ekAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa hRdaya-parivartana ziSyamaNDala sahita pravrajyA dIkSA-samaya pitA kI vidyamAnatA dIkSA para donoM paramparAoM kA samanvaya gaNadhara-pada pradAna kI vidhi gaNadhara-pada kI mahattA gaNa aura gaNadhara indrabhUti aura sudharmA ko viziSTa pada

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dezanA ke pazcAt indrabhUti kA upadeza bhagavAn kI dezanA viSayaka digambara-mAnyatA indrabhUti kA uccatama vyaktitva indrabhUti dvArA devazarmA ko pratibodha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa para indrabhUti kA cintana indrabhUti kI nirvANa-sAdhanA pUrvabhava meM indrabhUti gautama prathama paTTadhara viSayaka prAcIna digambara-mAnyatA Arya sudharmA (prathama paTTadhara) Arya sudharmA kI viziSTatA janmasthAnAdi mAtA-pitA zikSaNa tatkAlIna dhArmika sthiti dIkSA se pUrva kA jIvana pratibodha aura dIkSA-grahaNa dIkSA ke pazcAt Arya sudharmA bhavya virATa vyaktitva chadyasthakAlIna sAdhanA sudharmA ke gaNa aura sAdhu 6 gaNadharoM kA nirvANakAla aura sudharmA ke sAdhu kyA sudharmA ke adhIna anya AcArya bhI the ? Arya sudharmA bha. mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara saMghanAyaka bha. mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara Arya sudharmA hI kyoM ? paTTa-pradAna kisake dvArA ? sudharmA kA apara nAma lohArya kyA Arya sudharmA kSatriya rAjakumAra the ? Arya sudharmA kA nirvANa vartamAna dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAra dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha prathama adhyayana dvitIya adhyayana 1. (2) For Date & Personal Use Only

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..... . 7 8 121 * 130 * tRtIya adhyayana caturtha adhyayana paMcama adhyayana chaTThA adhyayana sAtavAM adhyayana viSayavastu mahAparijJA adhyayana meM maMtravidyA AThavAM adhyayana nauvAM adhyayana dvitIya zrutaskandha dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAra kauna ? AcArAMga kA sthAna evaM mahattva 2. sUtrakRtAMga sthAnAMga sthAnAMga kI mahattA samavAyAMga viyAha-paNNatti aparanAma bhagavatI vyAkhyA prajJapti kA upalabdha svarUpa nAyA dhammakahAo uvAsagadasAo upAsakadazA kA mahatva aMtagaDadasAo aNuttarovavAiyadasA paNhAvAgaraNA11. vivAgasuyaM 12. dRSTivAda dvAdazAMgI meM maMgalAcaraNa dvAdazAMgI kA hrAsa evaM viccheda zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra dvAdazAMgI kI pada-saMkhyA diga. paramparAnusAra dvAdazAMgI kI pada, zloka evaM akSara-saMkhyA pUrvo kI pada-saMkhyA dvAdazAMgI viSayaka digambara-mAnyatA 140 141 143 146 152 152 154 10. paNhAvApA 156 164 166 170 173 174 174 175 184 (3)

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187 188 165 202 207 208 206 213 214 215 255 216 217 218 216 220 224 225 Arya jambU (dvitIya paTTadhara) Arya jambU ke pUrva bhava sAgaradatta aura zivakumAra Arya jambU ke mAtA-pitA jambU kI virakti ati ghora pratijJA mAtA-pitA ke samakSa pravrajita hone kA prastAva jambU kA vivAha patniyoM ko pratibodha prabhava kA 500 coroM ke sAtha gRha-praveza prabhava ko pratibodha patniyoM ke sAtha carcA vAnara kA kathAnaka aMgArakAraka kA dRSTAnta parivAra ko pratibodha jambU dvArA mAtA-pitA Adi 527 vyaktiyoM ke sAtha dIkSA .... kUNika kI jijJAsA janma, nirvANa Adi kAla-nirNaya jambU zramaNa kI prazna-paramparA Arya jambU svAmI kI vizeSatA Arya jambU svAmI kA nirvANa daza boloM kA viccheda kevalikAla ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM anya mAnyatA - bheda vIra kavi aura jambU jambU dvArA vidyut cora ko pratibodha kevalikAla ke rAjavaMza magadha kA zizunAga-rAjavaMza zizunAgavaMza kA saMkSipta paricaya magadha para udAyI kA zAsanakAla pATalIputra kA nirmANa nandavaMza kA abhyudaya mahAn amAtyavaMza kA udbhava magadha-samrAT udAyI tathA usake uttarAdhikArI nanda (nandivardhana) ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM ..... vastuta: nanda kauna thA 228 230 230 231 3 234 236 238 248 248 250 256 257 267 268 273 275 For late & Personal Use Only

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276 286 286 286 262 262 263 263 285 266 268 268 300 300 305 307 avantI kA pradyota rAjavaMza kauzAmbI (vatsarAjya) kA paurava rAjavaMza kaliMga kA cedirAjavaMza 3. zrutakevalikAla AcArya prabhava svAmI (tRtIya paTTadhara) DAkU saradAra prabhava prabhava dvArA zreSThI RSabhadatta ke ghara DAkA coroM kA stambhana prabhava kA jambU se nivedana jambU aura prabhava kA saMvAda madhubindu kA dRSTAnta saMsAra kA bar3A duHkha lalitAMga kA dRSTAnta amaraha prakAra ke nAte kuberadatta evaM kuberadattA kA AkhyAna gopa yuvaka kA dRSTAnta mahezvara datta kA AkhyAna vaNikkAddaSTAnta prabhava kA Atmacintana prabhava kI dIkSA aura sAdhanA uttarAdhikArI ke liye cintana Arya prabhava kA svargagamana digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA AcArya zayyaMbhava (caturtha paTTadhara) bAlarSi maNaka dazavaikAlika kI racanA AcArya zayyaMbhava kA svargagamana digambara mAnyatA AcArya yazobhadrasvAmI (paMcama paTTadhara) digambara mAnyatA AcArya sambhUta vijaya (chaThe paTTadhara) ziSya ziSyAeM digambara-paramparA """""""" 310 311 312 312 314 314 316 316 """ 316 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 225

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R 325 326 326 327 327 328 326 333 334 mm m 336 m ..... 337 341 347 358 356 363 AcArya zrI bhadrabAhu (sAtaveM paTTadhara) jaina zAsana meM bhadrabAhu kI mahimA bhadrabAhu ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM vrataparyAya se pUrva kA jIvana zvetAmbara paramparAgata paricaya Avazyaka-cUrNi gacchAcAra-paiNNA, doghaTTIvRtti prabandha-cintAmaNi ke anusAra prabandha-koza ke anusAra guru-paTTAvalI ke anusAra diga. paraM. ke granthoM meM A. bhadrabAhu kA paricaya - bhAva saMgraha ke anusAra vRhatkathAkoza A. ratnanandI ke anusAra nAmasAmya se huI bhrAnti chedasUtrakAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu zratukevalI bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra nahIM niSkarSa niyuktikAra kauna ? eka mahatvapUrNa tathya tatkAlIna utkaTa cAritraniSThA bhadrabAhu viSayaka zve. mAnyatAoM kA niSkarSa zrutakevalikAla kI rAjanaitika evaM anya pramukha aitihAsika ghaTanAeM upakezagaccha AcArya bhadrabAhu kA ziSya-parivAra 4. dazapUrvadharakAla Arya sthUlabhadra (AThaveM paTTadhara) janma, mAtA-pitA hai kozA ke yahAM vararuci kI pratispardhA maMtriputriyoM kI smaraNazakti rahasyapUrNa camatkAra rahasyodghATana 371 371 m m mmmmm 375 ... 377 376 381 383 385 386 387 (6)

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360 363 365 vararuci kA zakaTAra ke viruddha SaDyantra prANa dekara bhI parivAra-rakSA mahAmAtya pada sthUlabhadra kI dIkSA aura vararuci kA maraNa Arya sthUlabhadra dvArA ati duSkara abhigraha sthUla bhadra se hor3a kozA dvArA muni ko pratibodha zrIyaka kI virakti adbhuta kalAkauzala 366 366 400 .. 402 403 ma Agama-vAcanA 404 406 414 415 418 422 423 Www Wwc 435 440 440 eka vikaTa samasyA mitraM dharmeNa yojayet tRtIya ninhava avyaktavAdI kI utpatti bhArata para sikandara dvArA AkramaNa maurya rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya praurya rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka cANakya candragupta kA paricaya grAmINa mahilA se cANakya ko zikSA nandavaMza kA anta: mauryavaMza kA abhyudaya candragupta ke rAjyArohaNakAla ke sambandha meM matabheda Arya sthUlabhadra kA ziSya parivAra Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI Arya mahAgiri (nauveM paTTadhara) Arya suhastI (dazaveM paTTadhara) gRhastha jIvana zramaNa-dIkSA zramaNa-jIvana AcArya-pada Arya-mahAgiri kI viziSTa sAdhanA Arya mahAgirikAlIna rAjavaMza bindusAra kA janma maurya samrAT bindusAra cANakya kI mRtyu Arya suhastI ke AcAryakAla kA rAjavaMza 440 440 441 441 442 442 444 446 447 448 448 450

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0 m 454 455 maurya samrATa azoka suhastI dvArA samprati ko pratibodha sampreti kA pUrvabhaMva zramaNa-saMgha meM visaMbhoga kA prArambha rAjA samprati dvArA jaina dharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra utkaTa sAdhanA kA anupama pratIka avanti sukumAla Arya mahAgiri kI ziSya-paramparA AcArya suhastI kI ziSya-paramparA samucchedavAdI cauthA ninhava azvamitra dvikriyAvAdI pAMcavAM ninhava gaMga AcArya suhastI ke bAda kI saMgha-vyavasthA vAcakavaMza-paramparA yugapradhAnAcArya-paramparA kI nAmAvalI gaNAcArya-paramparA kalpasUtrastha sthavirAvalI vAcanAcArya balissaha (11 veM paTTadhara) guNa sundara (gyArahaveM yugapradhAnAcArya) susthita-supratibuddha (gaNAcArya) Arya-balissahakAlIna rAjavaMza kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana khAravela bhikkhurAya khAravela kA vaMza khAravela ke zilAlekha kA lekhanakAla puSyamitra zuMga 458 460 463 463 465 467 468 471 472 473 473 474 476 476 477 482 487 488 461 vAcanAcArya svAti (12 veM paTTadhara) 5 -3 464 466 vAcanAcArya zyAmAcArya (13 veM paTTadhara) 12 veM yugapradhAnAcArya Arya zyAma Arya zyAma ke AcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika sthiti bhrama kA nirAkaraNa Arya indradinna gaNAcArya Arya priya grantha 466 466 . 506 506 ... 508 vAcanAcArya SAMDilya (14 veM paTTadhara) Arya dina gaNAcArya

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510 526 531 538 538 vAcanAcArya samudra (15 veM paTTadhara) kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) paMcamI ke sthAna para caturthI kA parvArAdhana kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) svarNabhUmi meM 521 AcArya vRddhavAdI aura siddhasena 523. Arya khapuTa Arya revatImitra (yugapradhAnAcArya) 531 Arya samudra ke samaya rAjavaMza vAcanAcArya maMgU (16 veM paTTadhara) Arya dharma yugapradhAnAcArya ... . 535 Arya siMhagiri-gaNAcArya Arya samita Arya dhanagiri Arya arhaddatta .. Arya maMgU ke samaya ke rAjavaMza himavanta sthavirAvalIkAra aura vikramAditya 541 vAcanAcArya nandila (17 veM paTTadhara) Arya bhadragupta yugapradhAnAcArya gaNAcArya 552 vAcanAcArya nAgahastI (18 veM paTTadhara) 552 Arya pAdalipta muruNDarAja kI bahina dvArA jaina zramaNI-dIkSA muruNDakAla meM dhArmika kaTutA 560 Arya zrIgupta yugapradhAnAcArya chaThA ninhava rohagupta 562 Arya vajrasvAmI 566 Arya vajra kI pratibhA aura vinayazIlatA digambara paramparA meM vajramuni dazapUrvadhara-viSayaka digambara mAnyatA A. nAgahastI evaM A. vajra ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti ... 586 5. sAmAnya pUrvadharakAla 587 vAcanAcArya revatInakSatra (163 paTTadhara) 586 revatImitra yugapradhAnAcArya Arya rakSita yugapradhAnAcArya anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa Aryaratha gaNAcArya sAtavAM ninhava goSThA mAhila 568 1 dekhiye prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 472 kA ttippnn| 561 . . 573 582 585 560

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.... 602 ... 604 Arya durbalikApuSyamitra yugapradhAnAcArya zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara jaina zAsana meM sampradAyabheda digambara paramparA meM saMghabheda yApanIya saMgha Arya vajrasena yugapradhAnAcArya Arya candra gaNAcArya tyavAsa tatkAlIna rAjanaitika sthiti 615 616 . vAcanAcArya brahmadvIpakasiMha (20 veM paTTadhara) Arya nAgendra (nAgahastI) yugapradhAnAcArya Arya sAmantabhadra-gaNAcArya Arya vRddhadeva gaNAcArya Arya pradyotana gaNAcArya Arya mAnadeva gaNAcArya Arya nAgendra ke samaya kI rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika sthiti nAga bhAraziva rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya Arya revatImitra - yugapradhAnAcArya bhAraziva aura kuSANa mahArAjA huviSka kuSANa mahArAjA vAziSka / bhArazivoM dvArA kuSANa-sAmrAjya para prahAra kuSANa-mahArAjA vAsudeva bhAraziva rAjavaMza kI zAkhAeM kAntipurI kI mukhya zAkhA padmAvatI zAkhA mathurA zAkhA vAkATakarAjavaMza kA abhyudaya vAkATaka samrAT pravarasena (pravIra) rudrasena prathama Arya brahmadvIpakasiMha vAcanAcArya : AryasiMha yugapradhAnAcArya ... gaNAcArya mAnatuMga yuga pra0 Arya siMha ke kAla meM gupta rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya vAcanAcArya skandila (21 veM paTTadhara) vAcanAcArya himavanta kSamAzramaNa (22 veM paTTadhara) Umm x 50 m U C MMMmmmmmmmmmmmmmmOMOMOMOM r m mm Our 99UUU kA 0 0 0 0 . 643 644 645 ..... 646 648 653 (10)

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654 654 656 khy was xx my khy 664 665 672 GG .. 674 675 vAcanAcArya nAgArjuna (23 veM paTTadhara) yugapradhAnAcArya nAgArjuna Arya skandila evaM nAgArjuna ke samaya ke rAjavaMza candragupta (gupta) prathama Arya nAgArjuna ke samaya ke rAjavaMza gupta samrATa samudragupta parAkramAMka Arya govinda vAcanAcArya vAcanAcArya bhUtadina (24 veM paTTadhara) Arya bhUtadina yugapradhAnAcArya Arya nAgArjuna evaM bhUtadina ke samaya kA rAjavaMza candragupta dvitIya Arya bhUtadina ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti .. vAcanAcArya lohitya (25 veM paTTadhara) vAcanAcArya dUSyagaNI (26 veM paTTadhara) vAcanAcArya evaM gaNAcArya devarddhikSamAzramaNa (27 ve paTTadhara) AgamavAcanA athavA lekhana devarddhi aura devavAcaka devarddhi kSamAzramaNa kI guruparamparA vallabhI-pariSada kA Agamalekhana .. utkAlika suya kAlika suya (12 aMga) .. aMga (11) upAMga (12) prakIrNaka (10) chedasUtra (6) mUlasUtra (4) cUlikA (2) Avazyaka (1) spaSTIkaraNa devarddhikSamAzramaNa kA svargagamana aura pUrvajJAna kA viccheda kAlakAcArya (caturtha) yugapradhAnAcArya Arya satyamitra yugapradhAnAcArya devarddhikAlIna rAjanaitika sthiti - gupta samrAT skandagupta vikramAditya vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka hae gupta rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM kI tithikrama sahita nAmAvalI sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla sambandhI digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA ... 677 680 681 686 687 687 688 688 686 660 ..... 662 663 U V 4 pApA 0 mmm 4 4 .. ..... 668 666 (11)

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724-768 ..... 733 734 735 735 736 766 766 775 prajJApanA-SaTkhaNDAgama kAla nirNaya ke sambandha meM gambhIra bhrAnti zrutadhara paTTAvalI harivaMza purANAntargata paTTAvalI nandi AmnAya kI paTTAvalI paTTAvalI dhIra nirvANa ke pazcAt rASTrakUTavaMzIya mahArAjA govinda tRtIya kA zaka saM0716 kA tAmralekha zaka saM0724 kA dUsarA tAmralekha kaivalIkAla se pUrvadhara kAla taka kI sAdhvI paramparA AryA candanabAlA eka AryA suvratA evaM dhAriNI Adi parama prabhAvikA yakSA Adi sAdhviyAM AryA poiNI sAdhvI sarasvatI sAdhvI sunandA bAlabrahmacAriNI sAdhvI rukmiNI mahAsatI dhAriNI mahattarA vijayavatI aura sAdhvI vigatabhayA ajJAtanAmA sAdhvI muruNDa rAjakumArI sAdhvI rudrasomA " sAdhvI IzvarI upasaMhAra 777 778 780 782 783 784 787 760 761 763 767 801 6. pariziSTa (1) zabdAnukramaNikA (2) sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI For Pri(12) Personal Use Only

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prakAzakIya jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (cAra khaNDa) AdhyAtmikatA ke gaurava zikhara AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. kI advitIya aura apUrva dena hai| AcAryazrI ne jaina saMskRti ke hastalikhita graMthAgAroM aura jJAna bhaNDAroM se vipula aitihAsika sAmagrI kA cayana kara isa mahat anuSThAna ko pUrA kara jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa meM eka kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| aitihAsika sAmagrI ke saMkalana, aitihAsika kar3iyoM ko jor3ane aura prAmANika AdhAra para AcArya zrI ne samAja zAstrIya paddhati kA anusaraNa karake jaina dharma ke maulika itihAsa kA bhavyavana nirmita kiyA hai| isake prathama bhAga meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra taka kA itihAsa hai| dvitIya bhAga meM vIra nirvANa saMvat 1 se 1000 varSa ke kAla kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gyaa| isake pazcAt 1500 varSoM kA itihAsa tRtIya aura caturtha khaNDa meM hai| ___ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa ke cAra bhAga prakAzita ho cuke haiN| jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa (dvitIya bhAga) ke isa caturtha saMskaraNa ko prastuta karate hue hameM atyadhika prasannatA kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| __ aMta meM hama ArAdhya gurudeva AcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.sA. evaM AcArya zrI hIrAcandra jI ma.sA. ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA vyakta karate haiM, jinake dvArA isa mahat anuSThAna kI sampUrti huii| hama sampAdaka maNDala ke samasta sadasyoM aura una sabake prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karate haiM, jinhoMne samaya-samaya para yoga dekara apanA dAyitva vahana kiyA hai| nivedaka : cetanaprakAza DrAravAla prakAzacanda DAgA pArasacanda hIrAvata candrarAja siMghavI adhyakSa maMtrI adhyakSa maMtrI samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala jaina itihAsa samiti

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sampAdakIya prAtaH smaraNIya AcArya zrI ratnacandrajI mahArAja kI svanAmadhanya evaM suvikhyAta sampradAya ke yazasvI vidvAn AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja sAhaba dvArA likhita - "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa" nAmaka granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga kI taraha dvitIyaM bhAga ke sampAdaka maNDala meM bhI merA nAma sammilita kara mujhe jo sammAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai, usake liye maiM prAcArya zrI ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA hai| isa yuga ke ucca koTi ke vidvAna; pramukha itihAsajJa evaM AgamaniSNAta prAcArya kI kRti ke sampAdana meM anya kisI vyakti ko vastutaH vizeSa zrama karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| sampAdakamaNDala meM pAMca labdhapratiSTha vidvAnoM ko vidyamAnatA meM merA zrama kitanA svalpa rahA hogA, isakA pAThaka sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakate haiN| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI vartamAna yuga ke akAraNakarUNAkara maharSi ne asIma anugraha kara mujha jaise akiMcana vyakti ko isa parama mahatvapUrNa grantha ke sampAdana kA kArya sauMpA, to merA pUnIta kartavya ho gayA ki maiM pUrNa niSThA ke sAtha apane sAmarthyAnusAra pUrI zakti lagA kara isa grantharatna ko adhikAdhika, sarvAMga sundara, sarva sAdhAraNa ke liye sugama aura zodhakartAoM ke liye sampAdeya banAne kA.prayAsa kruu| isa saba ke liye prastuta grantha ke anurUpa hI adhyayana kI prAvazyakatA thI, jisakA mujha meM nitAnta abhAva thaa| lagabhaga 35 varSa pahale, vidyArthI jIvana meM kiye gaye kucha prAgamika adhyayana kA jo dhuMdhalA rekhAcitra smRti paTala para aMkita thA, vaha prastuta granthamAlA ke prathama puSpa ke sampAdanakAla meM thor3A ubhara cukA thaa| usI ke bala para sampAdana evaM pragAr3ha prasupta svAntaHkaraNa ke jAgaraNa - ina donoM hI kAryoM ke liye samAna rUpa se paramopayogI pAgama tathA. prAgametara sAhitya ke adhyayana kA krama bddh'aayaa| maiM kRtajJa hai| prAcArya zrI vinaya candra jJAnabhaNDAra ke bhUtapUrva maMtrI sva. zrI sohanamalajI koThArI, vartamAna adhyakSa zrI zrIcandajI golechA aura pustakAlayAdhyakSa zrI motIlAlajI gAMdhI kA, jinhoMne mujhe vizAla jJAnabhaNDAra ke upayoga ko pUrNa suvidhA pradAna karane ke sAtha-sAtha AvazyakatAnusAra mAMga karate hI tatkAla saikar3oM sandarbha grantha upalabdha krvaaye| ___ isa adhyayana se pratyakSa-parokSa aneka lAbha hae / sabase bar3A lAbha to yaha hA ki prastuta grantha meM prAcArya zrI dvArA jina aitihAsika tathyoM kA pramANa purassara pratipAdana kiyA gayA thA, unheM Agamika, ArSa, prApta evaM prAcIna mUla granthoM ke ekAdhika uddharaNoM ko AvazyakatAnusAra TipparaNa athavA mUla meM dekara

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puSTa kiyA gyaa| dUsarA lAbha yaha huA ki itihAsa kI aneka jaTila gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne, aneka bhrAnta dhAraNAoM ke nirAkaraNa, vivAdAspada viSayoM kA nirNayAtmaka niSkarSa nikAlane tathA aneka sthaloM para - itihAsa kI TUTI kar3iyoM ke saMdhAna meM isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana se bar3I sahAyatA milii| kisI ulajhI huI aitihAsika gutthI para utkaTa cintana kI avasthA meM "parokSapriyAH vai devA:" isa tathya kI bhI anubhUti huI / ataH usa acintya zakti ke prati bhI apanA prAntarika AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~ / "zrI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda" ke saMcAlaka paM0 zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyAM ne "titthogAliya paiNNA", bhadrezvarasUrI kI " kahAvalI" jaise alabhya granthoM kI hastalikhita pratiyoM ko par3hane evaM unake mahatvapUrNa sthaloM ko likha lene kI suvidhA pradAna kI, usake liye maiM hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatA hai| zrI mAlavariNayAM sAhaba va bhAratIya saMskRti bidyAmandira meM kArya karane vAle adhikAriyoM kA sumadhura sneha, sauhArda aura sahayoga mere hRdayapaTala para sadA aMkita rahegA / "titthogAliya paiNNA" vastutaH katipaya mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM ke pratipAdana meM prastuta grantha ke praNetA zrAcArya zrI ke liye bar3I sahAyaka siddha huI / labdhapratiSTha itihAsajJa evaM zrAgamavettA vayovRddha vidvAn muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ma. sA. ne aprApya grantha "himavanta sthavirAvalI" kI hastalikhita prati kI pratilipi karane kI suvidhA pradAna kara evaM apanA preraNA pradAyI zrAtmavRtta sunA tathA dizAnirdeza kara mujhe anuprANita kiyA, usa upakAra ke prati apane antara ke udgAra prakaTa karane meM maiM usI prakAra prasamartha hU~ jisa prakAra ki prathama bAra gur3a kA rasAsvAdana karanevAlA gUMgA gur3a kA svAda batAne meN| eka prajaina kula meM utpanna huprA zizu suyoga aura susaMsarga pAkara kitanA bar3A dharma prabhAvaka bana sakatA hai, isa tathya ke sAkSAt darzana kara prahlAda ke sAtha-sAtha aMtara meM eka adamya dvandvaprAndolita ho utthaa| kitanA sAmya thA hamAre prArambhika jIvana kA / sambhavataH donoM ke kizoravaya ke bhole nizchala mAnasa meM samAna adhyayana ke phalasvarUpa bahuta kucha kara gujarane kI eka samAna hI umaMgeM uThI hoNgii| para " gahanA karmaNo gatiH " isa zAzvata satya ko caritArtha karatI huI eka prora ve umaMgeM dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sahAre anukUla vAtAvaraNa meM uttarottara phalI phUlIM aura surataru kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara giiN| dUsarI prora saccI lagana ke prabhAva meM mere kacce hRdaya meM uThI usI taraha kI umaMgeM pratikUla vAtAvaraNa kI pracaNDa pragni meM jalabhuna kara rAkha bana giiN| saba kucha prApta karake bhI maiM prati kaMTIlA baunA babUla hI banA rahA / bhayAvaha prAtmaglAni se karAha uThA antara - tvattaH suduSprApyamidaM mayAptaM, ratnatrayaM bhUribhavabhrameNa / pramAdanidrAvazato gataM tad, kasyAgrato nAyaka ! pUtkaromi / / antara meM dhukadhukAtI trividha tApa kI bhaTTI pazcAttApa ke pAnI se kucha ( 6 )

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zAnta huI / socA itihAsa kI pratisthUla paratoM ke nIce na mAlUma kitane asaMkhya mujha se prabhAgoM ke itivRtta dabe par3e hoMge, jo amogha vItarAga-vAraNI kI vIciyoM se zobhAyamAna sudhAsAgara ke taTa para pahu~ca kara bhI nipaTa pyAse hI raha gaye / maiM apane adhyApaka paM0 hIrAlAlajI zAstrI ( byAvara ) ke prati bhI zraddhAsikta AbhAra pradarzita karatA hU~ / paMDita sA0 ne digambara paramparA ke hastalikhita evaM mudrita aneka grantha pradAna karane ke sAtha-sAtha mArgadarzana evaM digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM se paricaya karavAyA, jisase mujhe apane kArya meM bar3I saphalatA milI / maiM hairata meM hai ki zrImAn darabArIlAlajI koThiyA ke prati kina zabdoM meM prabhAra prakaTa karUM / paM0 hIrAlAlajI aura koThiyAjI meM maiMne eka anUThI AtmIyatA dekhI / "nandI saMgha prAkRtapaTTAvalI" meM variNata aMgadhArI prAcAryoM ke vivAdAspada kAla, nAma prAdi ke sambandha me mujhe yathAzakya adhikAdhika sAmagrI ekatrita karanI thI / zrI koThiyAjI ne sva0 zrI nemicandajI, jyotiSAcArya dvArA likhita nirvANottara kAla kI prAcArya paramparA viSayaka grantha kI pANDulipi aura digambara paramparA kI 17 paTTAvaliyAM mujhe pradAna kIM / mudraNAdhIna pustaka kI pANDulipi usI viSaya ke eka aparicita zodhArthI ko dikhA dene kI udAratA koThiyAjI jaise asAdhAraNa saujanya ke dhanI hI kara sakate haiM / koThiyAz2I ne mujhe eka ananya grAtmIya tulya sabhI prakAra kI suvidhAe~ pradAna kIM / prastuta granthamAlA ke tRtIya evaM caturtha bhAMga ke liye upayogI una 17 paTTAvaliyoM kI maiMne pratilipi kara lI para 2500 pRSTha kI pANDulipi meM se maiMne kevala 60-70 pRSTha hI par3he / svargIya paM0 nemicandajI ne nirvANottara kAla kI prAcArya paramparA kA bahumUlya pAnIdAra zIze meM kramaza: pratibimbita hone vAle manamohaka dRzyoM kI taraha sajIva citraNa kiyA thA / pustaka bar3I rocaka thI kintu maiM jisa vastu kI khoja meM thA, vaha usameM nahIM thI ataH pANDulipi kA jitanA bhAga mere pAsa zrAyA thA, na use hI pUrA par3hA aura na avaziSTa aMza koThiyAjI ke prAgraha ke uparAnta bhI liyA hI / maiM jaina paramparA ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA kA bhI bar3A prabhArI hU~ ki unhoMne apane vyasta kAryakrama meM se 3 dina kA samaya nikAla kara prastuta grantha kI pANDulipi ke prArUpa ko sunA aura aneka upayogI sujhAva diye / maiM apane sahapAThI zreSThivara zrI zrAnandarAja mehatA, nyAya vyAkaraNatIrthaM evaM bAlasakhAM zrI premarAja bogAvata, vyAkararaNatIrtha ke sauhArda ko kabhI nahIM bhulA sktaa| mere ina donoM mitroM ne ThaMDI, mIThI aura utsAhavarddhaka vAkcAturI se samaya 2 para merA utsAha bar3hAkara mujhe akarmaNya hone se bacAyA / prastuta grantha aura isake vidvattApUrNa prAkkathana meM zraddheya mAcAryazrI ne vIra nirvAraNa pazcAt 1000 varSa ke jaina itihAsa para itanA vizada rUpa se prakAza ( O )

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DAlA hai ki aba isa sambandha meM mere jaise vyakti ke liye eka zabda bhI kahane athavA likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI / tathApi jaina itihAsa ke ina do bar3e granthoM ke sampAdanakAla meM sanAtana, jaina aura bauddha, ina bhArata kI tIna mahAn saMskRtiyoM ke prArSa evaM prAtara sAhitya tathA bhArata ke sArvabhauma itihAsa granthoM kA adhyayana tathA tulanAtmaka cintana-manana karate samaya mujhe jo anubhUtiyAM huI haiM unheM kevala apanI vyaktigata mAnyatAoM ke rUpa meM yahAM isa dRSTi se prastuta karanA cAhatA hU~ ki saMbhavataH ve samaSTi ke liye na sahI, katipaya navIna vicArakoM ke liye upayogI siddha hoM / 1. hamArA deza AryAvarta vigata acintya lambe atIta se AdhyAtmika evaM sArvajanIna hita sAdhaka aihika jJAna kA kendra rahA hai| eka hI dharAtala para phalIphUlI sanAtana, jaina evaM bauddha grAdi saMskRtiyoM ke dharma evaM itara viSayoM ke granthoM meM ina tInoM saMskRtiyoM ke aneka tathya saMpRkta rUpa meM nihita haiN| jahAM taka itihAsa jaise jaTila evaM vistIrNa viSaya kA prazna hai, katipaya aMzoM meM ina tInoM saMskRtiyoM kA sAhitya paraspara eka dUsare kI kamiyoM kA pUraka hai / udAharaNa svarUpa zizunAgavaMza aura naMdavaMza kA pUrA evaM vAstavika itihAsa ina tInoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM varita etadviSayaka ullekhoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana aura unameM se sAra bhUta pUraka tathyoM ko grahaNa karane se hI pUrA hotA hai| ina tInoM meM se kisI eka ko hI AdhAra mAna lene para bhArata ke ina do pramukha rAjavaMzoM kA itihAsa adhUrA hI nahIM apitu paryApta rUperaNa bhrAmaka hI raha jAtA hai / isI prakAra hamAre deza AryAvarta kA nAma bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra bharata ke nAma para 'bhArata' par3A, isa tathya kI niSpakSa evaM sarvamAnya sAkSI sanAtana paramparA ke purANoM se hI upalabdha hotI hai / vArANasI para ikSvAku - rAjavaMza kA kaba se kisa samaya taka rAjya rahA aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pitA mahArAja azvasena ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt vArANasI para kisa prakAra zizunAgavaMza kA Adhipatya huA, isakA koI spaSTa ullekha jaina paramparA ke granthoM meM nahIM hai / sanAtana paramparA ke purANoM meM ima viSaya ke srota bIja rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM, jinase etadviSayaka prAcIna itihAsa para prakAza DAlane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai / isI prakAra jahAM taka ahiMsA evaM aparigraha jaise vizvakalyANa-mUlaka mahAn siddhAntoM kA prazna hai, mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM variNata ahiMsA viSayaka uparicara vasu aura tulAdhAra tathA aparigraha viSayaka uJchavRtti ke AkhyAna isa tathya ko pramANita karate haiM ki jaina paramparA kI taraha sanAtana paramparA meM bhI ahiMsA evaM aparigraha Adi mahAn siddhAntoM kA bahuta bar3A mahatva rahA hai| ina tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM dharma, saMskRti athavA kisI purAtana ghaTanAcakra kA itihAsa likhate samaya vidvAn lekhaka pramukhata: ina tInoM saMskRtiyoM ke granthoM kA ' )

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niSpakSa dRSTi se tulanAtmaka evaM talasparzI adhyayana kareM, tabhI vaha itihAsa prAmANika, sarvAMgasundara evaM samaSTi ke liye upayogI tathA upAdeya hogaa| bhAratIya itihAsa para navIna zodhapUrNa grantha likhane vAle vidvAn lekhakoM ke liye to isa prakriyA ko apanAnA paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| ina tInoM paramparAoM ke aitihAsika srotoM kA itihAsavidoM dvArA samAna rUpa se upayoga na kiye jAne ke kAraNa aAja jitane bhAratIya itihAsa upalabdha haiM, unameM se adhikAMza ko sarvAMgapUrNa itihAsa kI saMjJA nahIM dI jA sktii| 2. prAcAryazrI ne jisa prakAra jaina kAla-gaNanA ko 60 varSa pIche kI ora dhakelane vAlI zatAbdiyoM purAnI eka bhrAMta mAnyatA kA sadA ke lie aMta kiyA hai, usI prakAra ke niSpakSa evaM Thosa pramANoM dvArA do-tIna bar3I mahatvapUrNa samasyAoM kA samAdhAna paramAvazyaka hai| samasyAeM bar3I hI jaTila haiM, ataH unako sulajhAne ke lie Aja sva0 zrI nAthUrAma premI ke samAna zodhapriya, adhyayanazIla evaM pUrvAgrahoM se mukta niSpakSa cintakoM kI tathA sAmUhika prayAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| pIr3hiyoM se vaidika paramparA ke gahare raMga meM raMge hae vaidika paraMparA ke udbhaTa prAcArya gautama Adi 11 gaNadhara vIra prabhu kI vANI dvArA satya kA bodha hote hI tatkAla niHsaMkoca apanI paramparAgata prAsthAnoM-mAnyatAoM kA pUrNataH parityAga kara satya ko AtmasAt kara lete haiM, to sahasrAbdiyoM se unhIM ke anyAyI kahalAne vAle vidvAnoM ke lie satya kI khoja meM niSpakSa dRSTi se sAmUhika prayAsa karanA koI kaThina kArya nhiiN| pahalI aura sabase jaTila samasyA hamAre samakSa yaha hai ki prArya jambU ke pazcAt zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI nAmAvalI meM bheda kyoM hai ? cAra prAcAryoM ke pazcAt pAMcaveM zrutakevalI bhadrabAha kA nAma donoM paraMparAnoM meM pUnaH kisa kAraNa sarvamAnya ho gayA? bhadrabAha ke pazcAt punaH nadI kI do bichuDI huI, kabhI na milane vAlI do bhinna dhArAoM kI taraha do pRthaka dhArAeM kisa kAraNa cala par3IM ? vAstava meM aba eka dUsare para doSAropaNa karane vAlI ye nissAra bAteM sunane ke lie koI taiyAra nahIM ki "amuka paramparA ke sAdhu nagna rahate the, pothI-pannA unake pAsa thA nahIM, isalie ve apanI paramparA ke itihAsa ko surakSita nahIM rakha sakekAlAntara meM jaisA mana meM pAyA vaisA likha diyA" athavA "amuka paraMparA ke sAdhu duSkAlI meM DhIle par3a gaye, addhaMphAlaka-DaMDA-pAtra dhAraNa kara gRhasthoM se bhIkha mAMga kara unake gharoM meM baiThakara khAne laga gye| phira to zithilAcAra meM majA A gayA, guru ne jyAdA kahA to unakI khopar3I para laTTha kA prahAra kara guruhatyA kara dii|" koTi koTi kAMcana madrAmoM aura kanakalatA sI kAminI ke pralobhana se tila mAtra bhI nahIM Digane vAle, bhISaNa duSkAla ke samaya vidyApiNDa ke upabhoga kI apekSA mRtyu ko zreyaskara samajhane vAle 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha saMthArA evaM samAdhipUrvaka

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paNDitamaraNa kA varaNa karane vAle Arya vajrasvAmI Adi ke dazapUrvadhara pUrvAcAryoM ke lie isa prakAra kI bAta kahanA vizvabandhu mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie kisI bhI dazA meM zobhAjanaka nahIM ho sktaa| . bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 25vIM nirvANa zatAbdI ke isa pAvana-prasaMga para ina saba thothI bAtoM ko gahana garta meM pheMka kara vAstavika tathyoM kI khoja karanA pratyeka jaina vidvAn kA punIta kartavya ho jAtA hai| tiloyapaNNattIkAra aura punnATa saMghIya vidvAn prAcArya jinasena se lekara pazcAdvartI sabhI bar3e-bar3e digambarAcAryoM ne jambUsvAmI ke pazcAta viSNu aura bhadrabAha ke pazcAt vizAkhAcArya se prAcAryoM kI paTTAvalI prArambha kI hai| digambara paramparA ke vIrasena, indranandI, jambUdIva prajJaptikAra prAcAryoM ne gautama se lekara aMtima aMgadhara lohArya taka jo prAcAryoM kI nAmAvalI dI hai, use AcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI ke nAma se abhihita na kara, usakA zratAvatAra kI paramparA ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| isa para prazna utpala hotA hai ki kyA prAcAryoM kI zrutAvatAra paramparA aura paTTadhara prAcArya-paramparA paraspara do bhinna-bhinna paramparAe~ haiN| yadi bhinna haiM to paTTAnakrama se prAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI kauna-sI hai aura kahAM hai ? paTTAnukrama kI anya paTTAvalI ke abhAva meM yahI mAnanA zreyaskara hai ki yaha zrutAvatAra paramparA kI nAgavalI hI prAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI hai| jahAM taka mujhe yAda par3atA hai merI jijJAsA ke uttara meM digambara paramparA ke eka mAne hue vidvAn ne ise zrutAvatAra paTTAvalI hI batAyA thaa| para vastutaH yaha zrutAvatAra paTTAvalI hI paTTadhara paTTAvalI honI cAhie / anyathA aneka isa prakAra kI bAdhAe~ upasthita hoMgI, jinakA nirAkaraNa kisI prakAra saMbhava nhiiN| zvetAmbara paramparA kI do mukhya sthavirAvaliyAM haiM - eka to kalpasUtra ke aMta meM dI haI sthavirAvalI aura dUsarI naMdIsUtra ke prArambhika maMgala pATha meM dI huI vAcaka-paramparA kI pttttaavlii| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se nikale prAyAgapaTToM, mUrtiyoM, stambhoM Adi para uTaMkita zilAlekhoM se kalpasthavirAvalI aura nandIsthavirAvalI kI prAcInatA aura prAmANikatA siddha ho cukI hai| isI prakAra ke prAmANika ullekhoM kI khoja caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya viSNu se lekara aMtima aMgadhara lohAcArya ke sambandha meM karane kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| zravaNavelagola, pArzvanAtha vasati ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM viSNu Adi prAcAryoM ke ullekha haiM para vaha apUrNa, katipaya aMzoM meM paraspara virodhI aura paryApta pazcAdvartI kAla ke haiN| ___ ina saba vivAdAspada praznoM kA koI sarvamAnya hala mAja upalabdha samasta jaina vAGamaya meM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| yadi yApanIya saMgha ke yApanIya - tantra tathA sAhitya kI sAmUhika rUpa se khoja kI jAya aura usa saMgha ke prAcAryoM kI koI paTTAvalI khoja nikAlI jAya to usa niSpakSa sAkSya ke AdhAra para isa prakAra kI aneka samasyAoM ko hala karane meM bar3I sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki yApanIya saMgha kA jo vipula evaM mahattvapUrNa sAhitya thA, usakA ( 10 )

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paryApta aMza dakSiNI lipiyoM meM kahIM na kahIM avazya andhakAra meM par3A huA hai| prAzA hai zodhapriya vidvAn isa dizA meM prayAsa kareMge to avazya saphalatA prApta hogii| 3. ekAdazAMgI kI vidyamAnatA athavA viccheda ke sambandha meM bhI niSpakSa dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| jahAM eka ora zvetAmbara paramparA kI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA evaM prAsthA hai ki ekAdazAMgI kA katipaya aMzoM meM hrAsa to huA hai para vaha vicchinna nahIM huI hai, to dUsarI pra; digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM isa prakAra kI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI gaI hai ki vIra ni. saM0 683 meM aMtima AcArAMgadhara lohAcArya ke svargastha hone ke sAtha hI ekAdazAMgI kA viccheda ho gyaa| ina donoM paramparAoM se bhinna janasaMgha kI tIsarI paramparA - yApanIya saMgha ke 'grantha bhagavatI prArAdhanA' evaM 'vijayodayA TIkA' meM ekAdazAMgI kI vidyamAnatA ke spaSTa ullekha Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| aisI sthiti meM ekAdazAMgI kI vidyamAnatA viSayaka zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatA kA pakSa bhArI par3atA hai| tattvArtha-sUtra ke praNetA uccanAgara zAkhodbhava vAcaka' umAsvAti (sva0 premIjI kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 ko dazavIM zatAbdI) ne isa sUtra para nirmita svopajJa bhASya kI prazasti meM ekAdazAMgI kI vidyamAnatA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai : vAcakamukhyasya zivazriyaH prakAzayazasaH praziSyeNa / ziSyeNa ghoSanandikSamaNasyaikAdazAMgavidaH // 1 // vAcanayA ca mahAvAcakakSamaNamuNDapAdaziSyasya / ziSyeNa vAcakAcAryamUlanAmnaH prathitakIrteH / / 2 / / nyagroSikAprasUtena viharatA puravare-kusumanAmni / kaumISaNinA svAtitanayena vAtsIsutenAya'm / / 3 / / prahaMdvacanaM gurukrameNAgataM samupadhArya / duHkhAtaM ca durAgamavihatamati lokamavalokya // 4 // idamuccai garavAcakena sattvAnukaMpayA handham / tatvArthAdhigamAkhyaM spaSTamumAsvAtinA zAstram / / yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca tatroktam / so'vyAbASa sukhAkhyaM, prApsyatyacireNa paramArtham // 6 // arthAt - yazasvI vAcakazreSTha zivazrI ke praziSya, ekAdazAMgadhara ghoSanandikSamaNa ke ziSya, vAcanA (vidyA) dAna kI dRSTi se mahAvAcaka muNDapAdakSamaNa ke praziSya tathA kIrtizAlI mUla nAmaka vAcakAcArya ke ziSya, pitA svAti evaM mAtA vAtsI ke putra, nyagrodhikA meM utpanna (janma grahaNa karane vAle) 'vAcako hi pUrva vit". [tattvArtha svopajJa bhASya kI siGasenIyA TIkA, ma06, sUtra ]

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kobhISaNigotrIya, uccanAgara zAkhA ke vAcaka umAsvAti ne pATalIputra meM vicaraNa karate samaya logoM ko duHkhoM se trasta evaM durAgamoM se hatabuddhi dekha guru paramparA se prApta arhadvacanoM ko samIcInatayA avadhAraNa kara anukampApUrvaka isa tattvArthAdhigama nAmaka spaSTa zAstra kI racanA kii| jo vyakti isa tattvArthAdhigama ko hRdayaMgama kara irAke anusAra AcaraNa karegA, vaha zIghra hI avyAbAdha sukha, mokSa ko prApta kregaa| __uccanAgara zAkhA zvetAmbara saMgha ke prAcArya susthita supratibuddha se pracalita koTika gaNa kI eka pratiprasiddha zAkhA thI, yaha to aba sarvasammata tathya ke rUpa meM siddha ho cukA hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha vAcakamukhya, mahAvAcaka, kSamaNa aura vAcaka zabda zvetAmbara paramparA ke pUrvadhara prAcAryoM ke liye prAcIna tathA arvAcIna granthoM meM prayukta kiye hae milate haiN| digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke liye ina zabdoM kA prayoga kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| dhavalA meM prArya maMgU aura Arya nAgahastI ke liye 'khamAsamaNa' aura mahAvAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ve donoM prAcArya bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcArya pratIta hote haiM kyoMki digambara paramparA ke sampUrNa vAGmaya meM khojane para bhI kisI paTTAvalI athavA gantha meM ye do nAma nahIM milte| umAsvAti ne apane zikSA guru prAcArya mUla ke liye 'vAcakAcArya' tathA praguru muNDapAda kSamaNa ke liye mahAvAcaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti tathA unake zikSA-guru vAcakAcArya mUla eka pUrva ke jJAtA the aura vAcakAcArya mUla ke guru mahAvAcaka muNDapAda eka se adhika pUrvo ke jnyaataa| dhavalAkAra dvArA ekAdhika pUrva ke jJAtA Arya maMsU (maMga) ke liye prayukta mahAvAcaka vizeSaNa se bhI mere isa anumAna kI puSTi hotI hai| ina saba ullekho para taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha to nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki umAsvAti digambara prAcArya nahIM the| svargIya premIjI ne tattvArthAdhigama sUtra ke digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya sUtra pATha meM - 'ekAdazajine'2 'dazASTapaMcadvAdazavikalpAH kalpopapannaparyantAH' aura 'pulAkabakuza' 'saMyamazruta' Adi sUtroM ko digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se viparIta, evaM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya tattvArthAdhigama sUtra ke svopajJa bhASya meM ullikhita 7 bAtoM ko zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke pratikUla batA kara .(ka) mahAvAcayANamajjamakhusamaNANamuvadeseNa loge puSNe prAuasamaM karedi / [SaTakhaMDAgama, bhA0 16, pR0 518] (kha) kammaTThiditti pariNayogadAramhi bhaNNamANe be uvaesA hoti....prajjaNagahatyi skhamA samaNA bhaNaMti / bhajja maMkhukhamAsamaNA puNa kammaTThidi saMcida saMtakammaparUvaraNA kammaTThidi parUvaNeti bhaNaMti [vahI] 2 tatvArthAdhigama sUtra, ma0 6, 3 vahI ma0 4 4 vahI. a06

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tathA tattvArthAdhigama ke svopajJa bhASya ke 4 ullekhoM kI yApanIya prAcArya zivArya dvArA racita bhagavatI ArAdhanA tathA yApanIya AcArya aparAjita dvArA racita bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kiye gaye ullekhoM se samAnatA batAte hue yaha saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai tattvArthAdhigama sUtra evaM isake svopajJa bhASya ke nirmAtA vAcaka umAsvAti yApanIya prAcArya ho sakate haiM / svargIya premIjI kI isa saMbhAvanA para vicAra karane se pahale isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA saba vidvAnoM ke liye Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANa samvat 291 meM prArya suhastI ke svargastha hone ke kucha hI varSoM ke pazcAt unake paTTadhara ziSya gaNAcArya prArya susthita aura supratibuddha se koTika gaNa aura uccanAgarI zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| yaha zvetAmbara-digambara bheda se 300 varSa se bhI pUrva kI ghaTanA hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se nikale kuSANakAlIna 10 zilAlekhoM meM uccanAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha hai / ye lekha kaniSka saM05 se 18 (zAlivAhana zAka saMvatsara 5 se18) arthAt vIra nirvANa samvat 610 se 703 taka ke haiN|' ina 10 zilAlekhoM meM se lekha saM0 16, 20, 22, 23, 31, aura 35 ina 7 lekhoM meM spaSTataH koTika gaNa brahmadAsika kula aura uccanAgarI zAkhA kA, lekha saM0 36 aura 64 meM kevala uccanAgarI zAkhA kA tathA lekha saM0 70 meM koTika garaNa uccanAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha hai| ina zilAlekhoM se kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI kI prAcInatA evaM prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai| vAcaka umAsvAti ne svopajJa bhASya sahita tattvArthAdhigama sUtra kI racanA ke samaya usakI prazasti meM spaSTataH apanA paricaya ekAdazAMgavid guru ke ziSya tathA uccanAgara zAkhA ke vAcaka ke rUpa meM dete hue yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki guru paramparA se prAgata tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (arhat) kI vANI ko hRdayaMgama kara isa zAstra kI racanA kii| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve kalpasthavirAvalI meM varNita uccanAgarI zAkhA ke arthAt prabhu kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke vAcanAcArya the| vAcanAbheda, guruparamparAgata pAThabheda, smRtidoSa, lipidoSa Adi aneka kAraNoM se kucha choTe-bar3e mAnyatA bheda saMbhava haiN| tattvArthAdhigama sUtra kA zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA sammata ekAdazAMgI se kitanA sAmya evaM sAmIpya hai tathA ekAdazAMgI ke kina-kina sthaloM se kisa-kisa sUtra ko lekara tattvArthAdhigama ke sUtroM kI racanA kI gaI hai, isa para svargIya prAcArya, AtmArAmajI mahArAja, prAcArya ghAsIlAlajI ma. prAdi vizada prakAza DAla cuke haiN| tattvArthAdhigamasUtra kA ekAdazAMgI ke vibhinna prAkRta sUtroM se sAmya bhI isa anumAna ko bala detA hai ki umAsvAti mahAvIra svAmI kI mUla zramaNa paramparA ke hI prAcArya the| na sAhitya aura itihAsa (zrI nAthUrAma premI), pR. 534 se 540 2jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 533 . . jaina zilA lekha saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 18-47

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eka bar3e mahattvapUrNa tathya kI ora maiM vicArakoM kA dhyAna dilAnA cAhatA hU~ jisase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki umAsvAti jisa prakAra digambara paramparA ke prAcArya nahIM the, usI prakAra yApanIya paramparA ke prAcArya bhI nahIM the| tattvArthAdhigama ke aSTama adhyAya ke antima sUtra - "sadvedyasamyaktvahAsyaratipuruSavedazubhAyurnAmagotrANi puNyam" - kI vyAkhyA karate hue prAcArya siddhasena gaNi ne apanI tattvArtha TIkA meM likhA hai :___"karmaprakRtigranthAnusAriNastu dvAcatvAriMzatprakRtIH puNyAH kathayanti / ...... AsAM ca madhye samyaktvahAsyarati puruSavedA na santyeveti ko'bhiprAyo bhASyakRtaH ko vA karmaprakRtigranthapraNayinAmiti sampradAyavicchedAnmayA tAvanna vyajJAyIti / " . arthAt "karma-prakRti grantha kA anusaraNa karane vAle jina 42 prakRtiyoM ko puNyarUpa mAnate haiM, unameM samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda kA ullekha nahIM hai / sampradAya ke lupta ho jAne ke kAraNa maiM nahIM kaha sakatA ki isa prakAra ke bhinna kathana meM bhASyakAra kA abhiprAya kyA thA aura karmaprakRtigranthakAroM kA kyaa|" siddhasena ke uparyukta kathana meM 'sampradAyavicchedAt' pada vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai / siddhasena ke isa kathana se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki umAsvAti jisa sampradAya, jisa uccanAgarI zAkhA ke mahAzramaNa the, vaha sampradAya siddhasena ke samaya se pUrva hI naSTa ho cukA thaa| usa sampradAya kI mAnyatAoM kA vizleSaNavizada vyAkhyAna karane vAlA koI unake samaya meM pravaziSTa nahIM rahA thaa| ___ yadi vAcaka umAsvAti yApanIya saMgha ke hote to siddhasena sampradAya-viccheda kI bAta kadApi nahIM likhate / kyoMki unase lagabhaga 700-800 varSa pazcAt taka yApanIya saMgha kI vidyamAnatA aneka pramANoM se aura svayaM premIjI ke abhimata se pramANita hotI hai| premIjI kI mAnyatAnusAra siddhasena gariekA samaya vikrama kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI' aura yApanIyoM kI vidyamAnatA kA samaya vikrama kI 15vIM-16vIM zatAbdI hai| umAsvAti kI taraha yApanIya prAcArya aparAjita ne bhI bhagavatI pArAdhanA kI TIkA meM apane - "sadvedyaM samyaktvaM ratihAsyapuvedAH zubhe nAma gotre zubhaM cAyuH puNyaM, etebhyo'nyAni pApAni / "3 - isa kathana dvArA samyaktva, rati, hAsya aura puruSaveda ko puNya rUpa mAnA hai - yadi isa AdhAra para vAcaka umAsvAti ko yApanIya mAna liyA jAya to phira sarvArthasiddhikAra pUjyapAda devanaMdI ko digaMbara paramparA ke prAcArya mAnane meM bAdhA upasthita kI jaaygii| kyoMki pUjyapAda ne bhI apanI 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM, tathAsambhAvita yApanIya umAsvAti ke 'tattvArthAdhigama svopajJabhASya' meM varNita pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, pratisevanAkuzIla aura kaSAya . jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 541 2 vahI, pR0 57 3 dekhiye - tattvArtha svopajJa bhASya - 1/48, 6/46 / sarvArthasiddhi - 6/47

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kujhIla - ina pAMca nirganya muniyoM ke vivaraNa ko, prAyaH usI rUpa meM sthAna diyA hai, jaisAki digambara paramparA ke anya kisI graMtha meM nahIM hai| - itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI sva0 zrI premIjI dvArA jo sambhAvanA prakaTa kI gaI hai, usake sambandha meM prAmANika nirNaya usI samaya liyA jA sakatA hai jaba ki hamAre sAmane yApanIya saMgha kI koI paTTAvalI athavA etadviSayaka koI sAhitya ho| isa dRSTi se bhI yApanIya saMgha ke sAhitya kI sammilita rUpeNa khoja karanA atyAvazyaka ho gayA hai| 4. yApanIya saMgha dvArA mAnya ekAdazAMgI, aMgabAhya, pAgama, yApanIyataMtra, paTTAvaliyAM Adi prAgametara sAhitya kI vartamAna meM anupalabdhi ke kAraNa prAja yApanIya saMgha kI ThIka vahI dazA ho rahI hai, jo do daloM ke khela meM geMda kii| eka prora zvetAmbara paramparA ke graMtha yApanIyoM kI utpatti digambara saMgha se batAte haiM to dUsarI pora digambara paramparA ke grantha zvetAmbaroM se| tInoM paramparAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yApanIya saMgha bhI apane Apa meM pUrNa, susaMgaThita evaM svatantra dharmasaMgha thaa| AcArAMga dvitIya zruta skandha ke pAMcaveM adhyayana ke vastraSaNA tathA chaThe adhyayana ke pAtraSaNA viSayaka uddezakoM ke sAtha yApanIyoM ke upalabdha grantha bhagavatI pArAdhanA aura usa para aparAjitasUri kI vijayodayA TIkA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se vidvAn yaha anubhava kareMge ki yApanIya muniyoM kA AcAra sarvathA AcArAMga ke nirdezoM ke anusAra hI thaa| __maiM vizvAsa karatA hU~ ki ina katipaya tathyoM para vidvAn cintaka niSpakSa dRSTi se gaveSaNA kara prakAza ddaaleNge| sampAdana kAla meM vastusthiti ke citraNa meM sajIvatA lAne kA prayAsa karate samaya yadi kahIM sAdhubhASA kA atikramaNa ho gayA ho to vaha merA doSa hai| vidvAn pAThaka mere usa pramAda ke liye mujhe kSamA kreNge| gajasiMha rAThor3a, nyAya, vyAkaraNa-tIrtha, mukhya sampAdaka 1 dekhiye prastuta grantha, pR0 615-616

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prAkkathana pIThikA jaina dharma kA maulika' itihAsa, prathama bhAga itihAsa-premiyoM ke samakSa prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| usameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva se prabhU mahAvIra taka cauvIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke janaka, jananI, cyavana, janma, gRhastha jIvana, abhiniSkramaNa, dIkSA chadmastha-jIvana, kaivalyopalabdhi, tIrthapravartana, kevalI-caryA, gaNadhara, sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA evaM prabhu dvArA prANimAtra ke prati kiye gaye mahAn upakAra evaM nirvANa prAdi kA pAvana paricaya prastuta kiyA jA cakA hai| use par3ha kara saMtasatiyoM, labdhapratiSTha vidvAnoM, itihAsapremiyoM, zraddhAlu pAThakoM evaM samAja ke prAyaH sabhI vargoM ne parama pramoda prakaTa kiyA hai| zailokyabandhu tIthaMkaroM ke bhavatApahArI itivRtta ko par3hakara sahasroM zraddhAluoM ne AdhyAtmika Ananda kA rasAsvAdana kiyaa| isase hama saMtopa kA anubhava karate haiM ki hamArA parizrama saphala evaM lakSya sArthaka huaa| hameM isa vAta para bar3I prasannatA huI ki katipaya adhyayanazIla mahAnubhAvoM ne ise ati sUkSma evaM zodhapUrNa dRSTi se par3hakara apanI zaMkAeM evaM sujhAva bheje haiN| isa prakAra kI zodhapriya ruci vastutaH sarAhanIya hai| prathama bhAga meM jo vipula sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai, usameM se kula milAkara kevala pAMca prasaMgoM ke saMbaMdha meM jijJAsunoM dvArA jo zaMkAeM uThAI gaI haiM, ve zaMkAeM tathA unake samAdhAna nimna prakAra haiM : prathama bhAga ke pRSTha 61-32 para bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke prathama pAraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue likhA gayA hai - "bhagavAn (RSabhadeva) me vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA ko varSa-tapa kA pAraNA kiyaa|" yahAM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne caitrakRSNA aSTamI ko belA-tapa ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI aura dUsare varSa kI vaizAkha zuklA tRtIyA ko zreyAMsa kumAra ke yahAM prathama pAraNA kiyA to isa prakAra ce.ka. 6 se vai. zu. 3 taka unakI yaha tapasyA 13 mAsa aura 10 dina kI ho gii| aisI sthiti meM-'saMvacchareNa bhikkhA laddhA usaheNa loganAheraNa' - isa gAthA ke anusAra prAcAryoM ne prabhu AdinAtha ke prathama tapa ko saMvatsara tapa kahA hai, vaha kahAM taka ThIka hai? kyoMki vaha tapa 12 mAsa kA nahIM apitu 13 mAsa aura 10 dina kA tapa thaa| vastutaH yaha koI Aja kA navIna prazna nhiiN| yaha eka bahucacita prazna hai| 'saMvacchareraNa bhikkhA laddhA usaheNa loganAheNa / ' yaha eka vyavahAra vacana 'mUlato bhavaM maulikam /

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mAnanA cAhiye / vyavahAra meM Upara ke dina alpa hone ke kAraNa garaganA meM unakA ullekha na kara moTe taura para saMvatsara tapa kaha diyA gayA hai / kalpa kiraNAvalI meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki zuddhAhAra na milane ke kAraNa prabhu kI tapazcaryA kA eka varSa vyatIta ho gayA / phira usa aMtarAya karma ke kSayArtha unmukha hone para prabhu ne sAMvatsarika tapa kA pAraNa kiyA / vasudeva hiMDI meM bhI isI se milatA julatA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki eka varSa vyatIta ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI kucha samaya taka zuddhAhAra nahIM milA / digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha harivaMza purANa meM 6 mAsa kI avadhi ke anazana tapa ke sAtha prabhu ke dIkSita hone tathA 6 mAsa ke tapa kI avadhi ke samApta ho jAne ke anantara bhI AhAradAna kI vidhi se logoM ke anabhijJa hone ke kAraNa bhikSAcarI ke liye bhramaraNa karane para bhI chaH mAsa taka zuddhAhAra na milane evaM antatogatvA zreyAMza dvArA ikSurasa ke dAna aura prabhu ke pAraka kA kalpa kiraNAvalI se milatA-julatA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prabhu ke uma prathama tapa kI avadhi eka varSa se kucha adhika rahI isa prakAra kA spaSTa grAbhAsa 'harivaMza purANa' ke ullekha meM prakaTa hotA hai / 3 ina ullekhoM me yaha siddha hotA hai ki prabhu RSabhadeva kA prathama tapa ? varSa se adhika samaya kA rahA para vyavahAra meM Upara ke dinoM ko gogA mAna kara ise varSI tapa hI kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra prabhu mahAvIra kA kevalajJAna kAla 30 varSa mAnA jAtA hai parantu unake 42 varSa ke saMyamita jIvana meM se 12 varSa aura 13 pakSa se kucha samaya chadmasthakAla kA nikAla dene para vastutaH unake kevalajJAna kA kAla 26 varSa ra 6 mAsa se thor3A nyUna hotA hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM zreyAMsakumAra dvArA bhagavAn AdinAtha kA prathama pAraNA karAye jAne ke kAraraNa pAraNaka divasa akSayatRtIyA ke rUpa meM parva mAnA jAtA hai / yadyapi bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke prathama pAraraNaka divasa kI tithi kA kahIM prAcIna ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA parantu paramparA se donoM zuddhAhAramalabhamAnasya eka varSa jagAma / tadA ca tasmin karmaNi kSayAya unmukhe sati tatastena bhagavAn sAMvatsarikatapaH pAraraNakaM kRtavAn / [ kalpa kiraNAvalI, patra 154 ( 6 ) ] 2 bhayavaM piyAmaho nirAhAro paramadhiti-bala-sattasAyaro sayaMbhusAgaro iva thimimro praNAulo saMvadharaM viharas, patto ya hatviraNauraM / [basudeva hiMDI, prathamoM'zaH, pR. 164] SaNmAsAnazanasyAnte, pratasthe padavinyAsaH, tathA yathAgamaM nAthaH, SaNmAsAnaviSaNNadhIH / prajAbhiH pUjyamAnaH san, vijahAra mahi kramAt / / 156 / / saMhRtapratimAsthitiH / kSiti pallavayanniva / / 142 / / samprApto'tha vRttavRddha yaM vizuddhAtmA, pAriNapAtreNa pAraNam / samapAdasthitazcakre, darzayan kriyayA vidhim / / 186|| [ harivaMza purANa, sagaM 6 ] ( 18 )

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sampradAyoM meM isa prakAra kI mAnyatA pracalita hai| zodhaka isa sambandha meM koI prAcIna ullekha prastuta kara sakeM to uttama hogaa| dUsarI zaMkA brAhmI aura suMdarI ke vivAha evaM dIkSA ke sambandha meM uThAI gaI hai / paramparAgata mAnyatAnusAra ina donoM bahinoM ko bAlabrahmacAriMgI mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM ina donoM ko spaSTa rUpegA avivAhita batAyA gayA hai / harivaMza purANakAra ne likhA hai ki ve donoM kumArikAeM arthAt avivAhitA thIM:-- brAhmI ca sundarI cobhe, kumAyauM dhairyasaMgate / pravrajya bahunArIbhirAryANAM prabhatAM gate / / 217 / / ' isI prakAra prAdi purANakAra ne bhI brAhmI ke liye rAjakanyA kA vizeSaNa prayukta kara ina donoM vahinoM ke avivAhita hone kA nimnalikhita mpa meM ullekha kiyA hai : bharatasyAdujA brAhmI, dIkSitvA gurvanugrahAt / gaNinIpadamAryANAM, sA bheje pUjitAmaraiH / / 175 / / ggaja gajakanyA mA, rAjahaMsIva musvanA / dIkSAzarannadIzIlapulinasthalazAyinI // 176 / / ............. ................ / sundarI cAtta-nirvedA, tAM brAhmImanvadIkSata / / 177 / / 2 brAhmI aura sundarI ko harivaMza purANakAra ne to 'kumAyauM' vizeSaNa ke dvArA spaSTarUpeNa avivAhitAvasthA meM dIkSita honA batAyA hai / grAdi purANakAra ne bhI brAhmI ko rAjakanyA batAyA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki donoM vahine vAlabrahmacAriNI thiiN| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM to brahmI aura muMdarI ina donoM bahinoM ke avivAhita hone evaM sAtha sAtha pravajita hone kI mAnyatA pracalita hai| parantu zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM nimnalikhita tIna prakAra kI vibhinna mAnyatAeM upalabdha hotI haiM : 1. bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke dharma-parivAra kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hA kalpa sUtra meM brAhmI aura suMdarI kA tIna lAkha zramagigayoM kI pramukha mAdhviyAM hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| sAtha hI zrAvikA samUha kI pramukhA subhadrA ko batAyA ' harivaMza purANa, sarga 6 pR. 183, 2 prAdi purANa, bhA. 1, parva 24. 3 usabhassa NaM arahano kosaliyassa baMbhI suripAmokvAgi ajjiyANaM tiNi mayasAhagIgro ukkosiyA ajjiyA saMpayA hotthaa| [kalpasUtra, matra 167 (pRSya vijaya jI) ( 16 )

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. gayA hai na ki suMdarI ko|' kalpa sUtra ke isa ullekha se yahI siddha hotA hai ki una donoM bahinoM ne tIrtha-pravartana ke samaya sAtha sAtha dIkSA lii| 2. aAvazyaka malaya aura zriSaSThizalAkA puruSa caritra Adi meM dUsarI yaha mAnyatA upalabdha hotI hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne jisa samaya dharma-tIrtha kA pravartana kiyA, usa samaya brAhmI pravajita ho gaI / sundarI bhI usI samaya pravajita honA cAhatI thI parantu bharata ne use yaha kaha kara pravajita hone se roka diyA ki cakravartI bana jAne para use (sundarI ko) apanI patnI (strIratna) ke pada para sthApita kregaa| bharata zrAvaka banA aura sundarI zrAvikA / 2 pazcAdvartI prAyaH sabhI granthakAroM ne isI mAnyatA ko prAzraya diyA hai| 3. tIsarI mAnyatA yaha pracalita hai ki bhagavAna Rpabhadeva ne zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita hone se pUrva bharata kI mahodarA brAhmI kA sambandha vAhubalI ke sAtha aura bAhubalI kI sahodarA sundarI kA vivAha bharata ke sAtha kara diyA thaa| kaivalyopalabdhi ke pazcAta jaba prabha ne dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kI to usa samaya vAhavalI kI grAjJA ke brAhmI zramaNIdharma meM pravajita ho gii| sundarI bhI apanI bar3I vahina ke sAtha hI pravajita honA cAhatI thI para bharata ne yaha kahate hue use dIkSIta hone se roka diyA ki vaha use cakravartI banane para apanA strIratna vnaayegaa| vastutaH yaha tIsare prakAra kI mAnyatA 'dattA' zabda kA samyag artha na samajhane ke kAraNa utpanna huI bhrAnta dhAraNA ke phalasvarUpa pracalita huI hai| isake pIche koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM hai| etadviSayaka samasta jaina vAGmaya ke paryAlocana se prakaTa hotA hai ki kisI bhI prAcIna grantha meM brAhmI tathA sundarI ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM hai| yahAM vivAha aura vAgdAna kA aMtara samajhanA caahiye| . vivAha evaM vAgdAna (sagAI) ina donoM paramparAoM ke pracalita hone kA prArambhika itihAsa prastuta karate hue Avazyaka niyukti meM ninnalikhita rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai : dalR kayaM vivAhaM, jiraNassa logo vi kaaumaarddho| gurudattiyA ya kannA, pariNijjaMte tato pAyaM / / 223 // ' 1 usabhassa raNaM prarahano kosaliyassa subhaddApAmokkhANaM samaNovAsiyANaM, paMcasayasAhassIpro caDapannaM ca sahassA ukkosiyA samagovAsiyAsaMpayA hotthA / [kalpasUtra, sUtra 167 (puNya vijayajI)] ......tattha usabhaseraNo nAma bharahaputo punvabhavabaddhagaNahara-nAmagutto jAyasaMvego pavvaIpro, baMbhI ya pavvaiyA / bharaho sAvano jAgro suMdarI pavvayaMtI bharaheNa ItthIrayaNaM bhavissai tti ruddhA, sA vi sAviyA jaayaa| [aAvazyaka, malaya] 3 aAvazyaka niyukti / ( 20 )

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prAcArya malayagiri ne isa gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue prAvazyaka mAni meM likhA hai : "jinasya bhagavata RpabhamvAmino kRtaM vivAhaM dRSTvA loko'pi gyApa yAnA vivAhaM kartumArabdhavAn / gataM vivAhadvAraM / datti dvAramAha - bhagavatA yugaladharma - vyavacchedAya bharatena saha jAtA brAhmI bAvaline danA, bAvalinA maha jAtA sundarI bharatAyeti dRSTvA tata prArabhya prAyo loko'pi kanyA pitrAdinA datA satI pariNIyate iti pravRttaM / '' arthAt - RSabhadeva kA vivAha kiyA gayA, yaha dekha kara logoM ne apanI apanI saMtati kA vivAha karanA prArambha kiyaa| vivAha kA prasaMga samApta huyA / ava datti arthAta vAgdAna (sagAI) ke prasaMga athavA prakriyA para kahate haiM- bhagavAn ne yugaladharma ko samApta karane ke abhiprAya se bharata ke sAtha utpanna huI apanI putrI brAhmI kI sagAI vAhubalI ke sAtha tathA bAhubalI ke sAtha utpanna huI sundarI kI sagAI bharata ke sAtha kii| niyuktikAra evaM vRttikAra ne vivAha aura vAgdAna ina do bhinna prathAoM ke prArambha hone kA jisa prakAra pRthaka rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai, usase nirvivAda rUpeNa yahI siddha hotA hai ki prabhu ne apanI putriyoM - brAhmI aura sundarI-kA kevala vAgdAna hI kiyA thA vivAha nhiiN| yadi vivAha kiyA hotA to vRttikAra "bAhmI bAhubaline dattA" ke sthAna para "brAhmI bAhuvaline dattA parigItA ca" isa prakAra kA prayoga krte| vastutaH ina donoM bahinoM kA vAgdAna hI kiyA gayA thA na ki vivAha isIliye kevala 'dattA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ___ saMghadAsagariNa-kRta vasudeva hiNDI nAmaka I. san 604 ke AsapAma kI racanA meM bhI 'dattA' zabda kA prayoga vAgdAna ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| yathA eyammi ya desa yAle ruppiNI sisupAlassa damaghosasuyassa dattA / arthAta usa samaya rukmiNI rAjA damaghoSa ke putra zizupAla ko dI gii| yahAM 'dattA' zabda vAgdAna ke parSa meM hI prayukta humA hai| yaha eka nirvivAda evaM sarvasammata tathya hai ki rukmiNI kA vivAha zrI kRSNa ke sAtha huaa| vasudeva hinDI meM ina donoM bahinoM ke vivAha kA to dUra vAgdAna taka kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| usameM brAhmI ke prajita hone tathA zramagI samUha kI pramukhA banAye jAne kA to ullekha hai kintu sundarI kI dIkSA Adi ke sambandha meM koI sUcanA nahIM dI gaI hai| 'bhAvazyaka malayavRtti, patra 200 (1) 1 basudeva hiMDI, prathamo'zaH, pR.80 vahI, pR. 162, 163, 183, 187 188 ( 21 )

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1 ukta saba ullekhoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI donoM putriyAM vAlabrahmacAriNI thiiN| unakA kevala vAgdAna hI kiyA gayA thA, na ki vivAha / jahAM taka brAhmI aura sundarI ke eka sAtha grathavA pUrvApara krama se pravrajita hone kA prazna hai vahAM kalpasUtra, Avazyaka malaya vRtti evaM triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra ke uparicita paraspara bhinna ullekhoM ko dekhate hue aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki saMgha meM unake dIkSAkAla ko le kara pUrva samaya meM do prakAra kI paramparAeM pracalita thiiN| eka paramparA donoM bahinoM kA sAtha-sAtha dIkSita honA mAnatI thii| dUsarI paramparA brAhmI kI dIkSA ke anantara bar3e lambe vyavadhAna ke pazcAt sundarI dvArA dIkSA grahaNa kiyA jAnA mAnatI thI / nImarI zaMkA upasthita kI gaI hai - caturtha cakravartI sanatkumAra ke svargagamana ke sambandha meM / prastuta grantha-mAlA ke bhAga 1, pRSTha 163 para cakravartI sanatkumAra ke liye ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vaha tIsare sanatkumAra devaloka meM utpanna huA / maiddhAntika paramparA meM manatkumAra cakrI kA mokSagamana mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH prathama bhAga meM isa prakAra kA ullekha TIkAkAra grabhayadeva sUri kRta sthAnAMga kI TIkA' aura prAcArya hemacandra kRta tripaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / sthAnAMga sUtra meM cAra prakAra kI aMta kriyAoM kA jo sodrAharaNa vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : prathama - alpakarma-pratyayA aMta-kriyA, jisameM bharata kI taraha gralpa tapa, alpa vedanA aura dIrgha paryAya se siddha honA / dUsarI - mahAkamaM pratyayA granta kiyA, jisameM gaja mukumAla kI taraha tathA prakAra ke tapa aura vedanA ke sAtha niruddha paryAya se alpa kAla meM hI siddhi prApta karanA / tIsarI vahI mahAkarmapratyayA granta kriyA, jisameM sanatkumAra cakravartI kI taraha dIrghakAlIna tapa, roga ke kAraNa dIrghakAlIna dAraNa vedanA ke sAtha dIrgha paryAya se siddha honA / cauthI - alpakarmapratyayA antakriyA, jisameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI mAtA marudevI ke samAna tathAvidha tapa vedanA aura saMyama grahaNa karate hI niruddha paryAya se siddhi prApta kara lenA / " yathAmI sanatkumAra iti caturthacakravartI sa hi mahAtapA mahAvedanazca sarogatvAt dIrghaparyAyeNa ca siddhastadbhave siddhayabhAvena bhavAntare setsyamAnatvAditi / [ sthAnAMga, ThANA 4, TIkA-prabhayadeva suri ( rAya dhanapata siMha prakAzana ) bhAga 1, patra 169 ] sthAnAMga, ThANA 4 ( 22 )

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jisa rUpa meM ina cAroM antakriyAtroM kA vargAna sthAnAMga sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai, use dekhate hue to yahI pratIta hotA hai ki ina sabhI graMta-kriyAoM ke udAharaNa tadubhava kI apekSA vatalAye gaye haiM / java prathama dvitIya evaM caturtha aMta-kriyA meM udAhRta bharata, gajasukumAla aura marudevI tInoM usI nava meM siddha hue mAne gaye haiM to tIsarI aMta-kriyA ke udAharaNa meM nirdiSTa sanatkumAra ko bhI usI bhaMva meM siddha huprA mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai kyoM ki tIsarI saMta-kriyA aura sAdhuparyAya sanatkumAra cakravartI kI batAI gaI hai na ki grAcArya abhaya deva evaM hemacandrAcArya dvArA variNata sanatkumAra deva loka kI devAyu bhogane ke pazcAt mahA videha kSetra meM sAdhuparyAya pAla kara siddha hone vAle kisI sAdhaka kI / 'sUtroM ke artha vicitra hote haiM - isa prasiddha evaM prAcIna ukti ke anusAra prAcArya abhaya deva jaise Agama niSNAta TIkAkAra ke samakSa kyA isa prakAra kA koI paramparAgata prAcIna ullekha rahA hai, jisake AdhAra para unhoMne sanatkumAra cakI kA tadbhava meM mokSa na mAna kara tIsare deva loka kI devAyu pUrNa kara mahAvideha meM janma lene tathA vahAM dIrgha kAla taka zramaraNaparyAya se siddha hone kA ullekha kiyA ? yaha prazna bhI niSpakSa vicAraka ke mastiSka meM sahaja hI udbhUta ho sakatA hai / para isa prakAra ke nirNAyaka pramAraNa ke abhAva meM sthAnAMga sUtra ke etadviSayaka mUla pATha kI zabda racanA aura pUrvApara sambandha ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue sanatkumAra kA tadbhava meM mokSa mAnanA hI ucita pratIta hotA hai / digambara paramparA meM bhI caturtha cakravartI sanatkumAra kA usI bhava meM mukta honA mAnA gayA hai / ' cauthI zaMkA mahAbala muni dvArA strI nAma gotra karma kA upArjana kiye jAne ke sambandha meM uThAI gaI hai| prathama bhAga, bhagavAn mallinAtha ke prakaraNa meM unake pUrvabhava kA paricaya dete hue pRSTha 126 para likhA hai : " isa prakAra chadmapUrvaka tapa karane se unhoMne strIveda kA aura bIsa sthAnoM kI ArAdhanA karane se tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha kiyA / " yahAM yaha zaMkA upasthita kI jAtI hai ki bhagavAn mallinAtha ke jIva ne apane tIsare, mahAbala ke pUrva bhava meM jo strIveda kA upArjana kiyA vaha tIrthakara nAmagotra karma ke upArjana se pUrva kiyA athavA pazcAt / jJAtAdharmakayAMga sUtra ke etadviSayaka mUla pATha kA samyagurUperaNa avalokana karate hI svataH isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| mUla pATha meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki rAjA mahAbala apane chaH bAlasakhAtroM ke sAtha zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara ekAdazAMgI kA adhyayana aura vividha tapazcararaNa se zrAtmA ko bhAvita kSapakazreNimAruhya, dhyAnadvaya susAdhanaH / ghAtikarmAriNa nikSU ya, kaMvalyamudapAdayan / / 127 / / .. - sarvakarmakSayA vApyamAvApanmokSamakSayam / / 126 / / [ uttara purANa, parva 61, pR. 137 ] ( 23 )

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karatA humA vicaraNa karane lagA / eka dina una sAtoM muniyoM ne paraspara vicAravimarza karane ke pazcAt yaha pratijJA kI ki ve saba sAtha-sAtha eka hI prakAra kA tapazcaraNa kreNge| pratijJAnasAra ve saba upavAsAdi samAna tapa karane lge| para muni mahAvala ne isa (mAge batAye jAne vAle) kAraNa se strI-nAma-gotra karma kA upArjana kara liyaa| yadi mahAbala aNagAra ke ve chaH mitra muni eka upavAsa kI tapasyA karate to mahAbala do upavAsa kii| yadi ve do upavAsa, tIna upavAsa, cAra, athavA pAMca upavAsa kI tapasyA karate to muni mahAbala unase adhika kramazaH tIna, cAra, pAMca aura chaH upavAsoM kI tapazcaryA krtaa| __ isa prakAra mUla Agama meM muni mahAbala dvArA prathamata: strInAma-gotra-karma kA bandha kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vRttikAra ne spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai : ___"tatkAle ca mithyAtvaM sAsvAdanaM vA anubhUtavAn, stronAmakarmaNo mithyAtvAnantAnubandhI pratyayatvAt / "3 arthAt - usa samaya mahAbala muni ne mithyAtva athavA sAsvAdana guNasthAna kA anubhava kiyA, kyoMki mithyAtva evaM anantAnubandhI mAyA ke kAraNa hI vastutaH strInAmakarma kA bandha hotA hai| mahAbala aNagAra banane se pUrva adhinAyaka thA aura usake chahoM mitra usake adhInastha / uparyukta pratijJA ko bhaMga karane ke pIche usakA yahI uddezya ho sakatA hai ki ina chahoM se viziSTa prakAra kA tapazcaraNa kara ke vaha aAgAmI bhava meM bhI una chahoM kI apekSA adhikAdhika aizvaryAdi prApta kre| isa aAntarika AkAMkSA kI pUrti hetu mahAbala ne apanI pratijJA ke viparIta mAyA-chalachadmapUrvaka una chahoM maniyoM meM viziSTa tapa kiyaa| zaMkA, aAkAMkSA, vitigicchA, parapApaMDa-prazaMsA paura parapApaMDa-saMstava - ye samyakta va ke pAMca doSa haiN| mahAvala ke antara meM apane mitroM kI apekSA viziSTa vyaktitva kI prApti hetu AkAMkSA utpanna haI aura usake phalasvarUpa usakA samyakttva dUSita ho gayA / maiM ina chahoM se bar3A hU~ aura Age bhI bar3A banA rahU~ - isa abhimAna ne mahAbala ke antara meM mAyA ko janma diyaa| mAyA strInAma-karma kI jananI hai, ata: mahAbala ne strInAmakarma kA arthAt strIveda kA baMdha kiyaa| 'gahanA karmaNo gati' - karmagati vicitra hai| apane liye upayukta avakAza pAte hI karma apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara lete haiM / yahAM ''paDimariNatA bahUhi ca uttha jAva viharaMti, taeNaM se mahabbale praNagAre imeNaM kAragaraNaM itthiraNAmagoyaM kammaM nivvattim ||muu.4|| . jJAtAdharmakathAMga mUtra (zrI dhAmIlAla jI ma.) pra. 8] 2 vahI, mUtra 5 kA pUrva bhAga 3 jAtAdharmakathAMga sUtra-vRtti ( 24 )

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yaha dhyAna dene yogya tathya hai ki guNasthAnoM kA mApadaNDa aAntarika bhAvanA hai na ki bAhya liNg| jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke pAMcaveM sUtra ke pUrva bhAga meM mahAbala dvArA strI nAmagotra-karma kA upArjana kara liye jAne ke pazcAta isake uttara bhAga meM bIsa boloM kI utkRSTa sAdhanA se tIrthakara nAmagotra karma ke upArjita kiye jAte kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isase spaSTataH yahI siddha hotA hai ki mahAbala ne saMyama grahaNa karane ke pazcAt sAdhanA kI prArambhika avadhi meM abhimAna-mAyAjanya AkAMkSA nAmaka samyaktva ke doSa ke prabhAva se udita mithyAtva athavA sAsvAdana guNasthAna meM pahuMca kara pahale strInAmagotra-karma kA upArjana kiyA aura tadanantara sAdhanApatha para uttarottara agrasara hote hue vIsoM hI boloM kI utkaTa ArAdhanA se tIrthakaranAma gotra-karma kA upArjana kiyaa| ___ mUlapATha meM isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha hote hue bhI vRttikAra ne yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki mahAbala ne pahale tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana kiyA aura usake pazcAt strInAmakarma kaa| vastutaH vRttikAra kA yaha abhimata kama se kama mahAbala ke liye kisI bhI dazA meM ina do pravala kAraNoM se mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / prathama kAraNa to yaha hai ki vRttikAra kA yaha abhimata zAstra ke mUla pATha se viparIta hai| zAstra kA nirvivAdAspada evaM spaSTa mUla pATha sadA se sarvAdhika prAmANika mAnA jAtA rahA hai / dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki mahAbala ne jisa sAdhanA se tIrthaMkara nAmagotra-karma kA upArjana kiyA, vaha atyutkaTa sAdhanA thii| zAstra meM variMgata bIsa boloM meM se kisI eka bola kI utkaTa ArAdhanA se sAdhaka tIrthakara nAmagotra-karma kA upArjana kara letA hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva, aura mahAvIra kI taraha mallinAtha ne bhI apane tIsare pUrvabhava meM una sabhI vIsa boloM kI utkaTa sAdhanA kI thI jaba ki zeSa 21 tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvoM ne eka do, tIna athavA adhika boloM kii| aisI sthiti meM bIsoM boloM kI utkaTa sAdhanA karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka mahAbala kA samyakttvAkAMkSA doSa se dUSita ho 1 imehi yaM NaM bIsAehi ya kAraNehi mAseviya bahulIkaehi titthayara nAma goyaM kamma niyattisu taM jahA - parahaMta siddha pavayaNa guru thera bahussue tbssiisuN|..."aadi / [jJAtA dharmakayAMga, mUtra 5 kA uttara bhAga 2 jaha mallissa mahAvalabhavammi, titthayaranAmabaMdhe'vi / tava visaya-thovamAyA jAyA, juva itta heu tti / / [jAtAdharmakathAMgavRtti] 3 (ka) purimeNa pacchimeNa ya, ee savve vi phAsiyA ThANA / majjhimagehi jirohiM, egaM do tiNi save vA / / [saMgrahIta gAthA] (ba) grAseviya bahulIkaehi pratyeka sthAnasya sakRt karaNAdAsevitAni bahuzaH sevanAd bahulIkRtAni ta labbotkRSTarasAyanapariNAma: tIrthakaranAmagotraM karma upAjitavAn / isase siddha hotA hai ki mahAbala ne bIsoM boloM kI ArAdhanA kii| ( 25 )

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mithyAtva athavA sAsvAdana ke dharAtala para pahuMca gayA ho, yaha bAta na buddhisaMgata hI pratIta hotI hai aura na yuktisaMgata hI ! ina saba tathyoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki mahAvala muni ne tIrthakara nAmagotra-karma ke upArjana se pUrva hI strInAmagotra-karma kA upArjana kara liyA thA / aMtima pAMcajI zaMkA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki tIna saMghATakoM meM bhikSArtha devakI ke yahAM prAye chaH muniyoM kA vAstavika paricaya devakI ko bhagavAn zrariSTa nemi ke samavasaraNa meM svayaM prabhu se prApta huA thA / para prathama bhAga meM 'caupanna mahApurisa caritra' ke ullekhAnusAra una chahoM muniyoM dvArA devakI ko apanA pUrA paricaya diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAtha zAstrIya mAnyatA ko TipparaNa meM batAyA gayA hai, kyA usase zAstrIya abhimata kI gauNatA prakaTa nahIM hotI ? vastusthiti yaha hai ki prathama bhAga meM 203 se 206 pRSTha para jo anIkasena zrAdi 6 muniyoM ke sambandha meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usake zIrSaka aura usa vivaraNa ko yadi dhyAna pUrvaka grAdyopAnta paDha liyA jAtA hai to isa prakAra kI zaMkA uThAne kI AvazkatA hI nahIM raha jAtI / isa sAre vivaraNa kA zIrSaka hai - "ariSTanemi dvArA adbhuta rahasya kA udghATana "" yaha zIrSaka hI etadviSayaka zAstrIya mAnyatA kA spaSTataH bodha karA detA hai / isake atirikta pRSTha 208 ke antima gadyaugha ( Paragraph ) se pRSTha 206 meM isa AkhyAna se sambandhita pUrI zAstrIya mAnyatA kA samIcInatayA digdarzana karAne ke sAtha sAtha isakI puSTi meM triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritrakAra dvArA kiye gaye varNana kA bhI ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| eka tathya kA pratipAdana karane se pUrva usake vividha pakSoM ko prastuta karane kI paramparA sadA se svastha mAnI jAtI rahI hai / usI svastha paramparA kA gravalambana le kara isa prakaragA meM 'caupannamahApurisa cariyaM' ke racayitA kA pakSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo parama vairAgyotpAdaka aura sarasa hone ke sAtha sAtha adhikAMza vijJoM ke liye bhI navIna hai / isa pakSa ko prastuta karate samaya bhI isa bAta kI pUrI sAvadhAnI baratI gaI hai ki jina do sthaloM para zAstrIya mAnyatA se bhinna prakAra ke ullekha Aye haiM, vahAM tathya ke prakAzArtha zAstrIya mAnyatA ke dyotaka Tippara de diye gaye haiM / isa prakAra kevala isa prakaraNa meM hI nahIM prAlekhyamAna sampUrNa granthamAlA meM zAstrIya ullekhoM, zrabhimatoM athavA mAnyatAoM ko sarvopari prAmANika mAnane ke sAtha sAtha Avazyaka sthaloM para unakI puSTi meM anya prAmANika AdhAra evaM nyAyasaMgata, buddhisaMgata yuktiyAM prastuta kI gaI haiM / zAstroM ke prati agAdha zraddhA abhivyakta karate hue zAstrIya abhimatoM kI sarvopari prAmANikatA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane kI prazasta bhAvanA se prerita ( 26 )

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ho jina vijJa pAThakoM ne jAgarUkatA dikhAI hai, ve vastutaH sAdhuvAda ke pAtra haiN| yadi pratyeka jinazAsanAnuyAyI meM isa prakAra kI jAgarUkatA utpanna ho jAya to Aja jainAgamoM ke sambandha meM tathAkathita sudhAravAdiyoM dvArA jo viSelA pracAra kiyA jA rahA hai, usake kuprabhAva aura kupravAha ko rokA jA sakatA hai| AlekhyamAna granthamAlA ke prastuta dvitIya bhAga kA Alekhana samApta karate karate prathama bhAga se sambandhita eka mahatvapUrNa evaM vicAraNIya prazna hamAre sammukha upasthita huaA hai / vijJa pAThakoM, vidvAnoM evaM zodhAthiyoM ke vicArArtha use yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / yaha eka zAzvata niyama hai ki sabhI tIrthakara kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi hote hI usI dina dharmatIrtha kA pravartana karate haiM / huNDAvasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva se kabhI kabhI isa niyama ke apavAda ke udAharaNa bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAgama evaM prAgametara sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla huNDAvasapiNI mAnA gayA hai, jisake prabhAva se bhagavAna mahAvIra ne, jisa dina unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA, usI dina dharmatIrtha kA pravartana nahIM kiyaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke pAgama evaM sarvamAnya prAgametara sAhitya meM ise 10 pAzcaryoM meM se eka Azcarya mAnate hue yaha spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki prabhU mahAvIra ne prathama samavasaraNa ke samaya apanI pahalI dezanA hRdayaMgama kara vrata grahagA karane vAle bhavya prANI kI anupasthiti ke kAraNa kevala jJAna kI prApti ke dUsare dina dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kii| kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi tathA tIrthapravartana ke bIca kAla kA vyavadhAna to donoM paramparAgoM meM mAnA gayA hai parantu yaha vyavadhAna jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA meM eka dina kA mAnA gayA hai vahAM digambara paramparA ke maNDalAcArya dharmacandrakRta 'gautamacaritra' nAmaka grantha meM' kevala 3 ghaNToM aura zeSa sabhI granthoM meM 66 dinoM ke vyavadhAna kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM ullekha hai ki sADhe bAraha varSa kI kaThora sAdhanA ke pazcAt eka dina mahAvIra chaTTha bhakta kI tapasyA kiye hue RjubAlukA nadI ke taTa para avasthita ja bhikA grAma ke bAhara zyAmAka nAmaka gAthApati ke kSetra meM zAla vRkSa ke nIce godohikA pAsana se prAtApana le rahe the, usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna prApta hugrA / tatkAla devendra kI prAjJA se samavasaraNa kI racanA kI gaI aura prabhu ne vahAM prathama dezanA dii| para vahAM aisA koI bhavya vyakti vidyamAna nahIM thA jo vratoM ko grahaNa kara sktaa| ataH rAtri meM hI bhikA grAma se vihAra kara prabhu pAvApurI ke prAnandodyAna meM pdhaare| vahAM devoM ne samavasaraNa kI racanA kii| gautamAdi ke upasthita hone para prabhu ne dezanA dI aura dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kii| ' prastuta grantha, pR. 28, 26

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kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tIrtha-pravartana kaba kiyA, isa viSaya meM digambara paramparA ke vibhinna granthakAroM ne bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke ullekha kiye haiM / tiloya paNNattIkAra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vaizAkha zuklA 10 ke aparAhna meM RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para kevalajJAna kI prApti hone tathA usase 66 divasa pazcAt zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke dina unake dvArA paMcazaila ( rAjagRha) nagara ke vipulAcala parvata para dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kA ullekha kiyA hai / dhavalAkAra ne bhI kevalajJAna evaM tIrtha pravartana kI uparilikhita tithiyAM batAte hue likhA hai : "chaumatthattaNeNa gamiya vaisAhajogApakkhadasamIe ujukUlaladI tore jibhigAmassabAhi chaTTovavAseNa silAvaTTe prAdAvataraNa avaravhe pAdachAyAe kevalaraNAmuppAidaM / ......... 4 etyuvajjatImro gAhAmro - gamaiya chadumatthatta, vArasavAsAriNa paMca mAse ya / paNNarasAriNadiraNAriNaya, tirayaNamuddho mahAvIro / / 32 / / * ujUkUlaraNadItIre, jaMbhiyagAme bahi silAvaTTe / gAdAveMto, pravaraNhe pAyachAyAe ||33 // assAhajoompakkhe, dasamIe khavagaseDiyArUDho / haMtUraNa ghAikammaM, kevalaraNAra samAvo ||34|| dhavalAkAra ne tIrthapravartana ke sthala (kSetra) kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai :( 1 ) " tattha khettavisiTTotthakattA parUvijjadi - paMcasela. pure ramme, viule pavvaduttame / khAraNAdumasamAiNe, devadAraNavavaMdide // 52 // mahAvIreNattho kahizro, bhavilogassa / " (2) ...... paMcasela uraNerai disAvisayazrai - viulaviulagirimatthayatthae "gaMdha uDi- pasAyammi TThiyasIhAsaraNArUDheNa vaDDhamAraNabhaDAraetitthamupAidaM / " bahasAhasuddhadasamI mAdhArikkhammi vIragAhassa / rijukUlaNadItIre pravara he kevalaM gANaM // 701 / / [tiloyapaNNattI, 4 mahAdhikAra ] bAsassa par3hamamAse, sAvaraNaraNAmammi bahula paDivAe / abhijINakkhattammi ya, utpattI dhammatitthassa ||6|| [ vahI, 1 mahAdhikAra ] 3 surakSeyaramaNaharaNe, guraNaraNAme paMcaselaNayarammi / biulammipabvadavare, vIra jiNo aTukattAro / / 65 / / paTkhaNDAgama-dhavalA - bhAga 6 pRSTha 124 [ vahI ] 5 paTkhaNDAgama, ghavalAsahita, bhAga 1, pRSTha 62 bahI bhAga 6 pRSTha 113 ( 28 )

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tIrthotpatti kA samaya dhavalAkAra ne tiloyapaNNattI kI etadviSayaka gAthA se paryApta sAmya rakhane vAlI nimnalikhita gAthA dvArA zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA batAyA hai, jo prabhu mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna hone kI tithi se 66 dina pazcAt kA ThaharatA hai : vAsassa paDhamamAse, paDhame pakkhamhi sAvaNe bhle| pADivada-puvva-divase, titthuppattI du abhijimhi / / 56 / / ' dhavalAkAra ke praziSya prAcArya guNabhadra ne apane grantha uttara purANa meM vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina aparAhna meM z2ambhikA grAma ke samIpa RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para avasthita manohara nAmaka vana meM bele kI tapasyA se sAlavRkSa ke nIce eka zilA para virAjamAna vIra prabhu ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| tatkAla cAra prakAra ke devoM ke sAtha indra ke prAgamana, samavasaraNa kI racanA, indra dvArA indrabhUti gautama ke lAye jAne, zaMkAsamAdhAna ke pazcAt indrabhUti ke dIkSita hone, zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke pUrvAhna meM prabhu dvArA prarSataH dvAdazAMgI ke upadeza ke anantara indrabhUti dvArA rAtri ke pUrva bhAga meM aMgoM tathA pazcima bhAga meM pUrvo kI racanA kiye jAne kA vivaraNa to uttara purANa meM diyA gayA hai para yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki samavasaraNa kI racanA- kisa sthAna para kI gaI, kisa sthAna para prabhu ne dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kI tathA kevalajJAna kI utpatti aura tIrthasthApana ke bIca 66 dina kA vyavadhAna kisa kAraNa rhaa| uttara purANa ke 74 veM parva ke zloka saMkhyA 366 kA aMtima caraNa-"zrAvaNe bahule tithau" ko yadi haTA diyA jAya to isa pUre vivaraNa se spaSTataH yahI prakaTa hogA ki vaizAkha zuklA 10 ko RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para hI samavasaraNa kI racanA se lekara indrabhUti dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI pratiracanA taka kI samasta ghaTanAyeM ghaTita huii| isa prakAra digambara paramparA ke sarvAdhika mAnya granya tiloyapampattI aura SaTakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM vaizAkha zuklA 10 ke dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ko RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para avasthita jRmbhikA grAma ke bAhara kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi kA aura usase 66 dina pazcAt zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke dina paMcazelapura (rAjagRha) ke vipulAcala para unake dvArA tIrtha-pravartana kA to ullekha kiyA gayA hai para isa prakAra kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn jRmbhikA grAma se rAjagRha ke vipulAcala para kaba, kitane samaya pazcAt tathA kisa prakAra padhAre aura jaba RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para hI prabhu ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho cukI thI to usa kaivalyopalabdhi ke sthala para hI samavasaraNa kI racanA kisa kAraNa nahIM kI gaI ? ye aise prazna haiM, jinakA samucita samAdhAna na kiye jAne kI dazA meM jainetara evaM niSpakSa vidvAnoM ko aneka prakAra ke UhApoha 1 vahI, bhAga 1, pRSTha 64 2 uttarapurANa, parva 74, zloka 348 - 371 ( 26 )

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karane kA avasara mila sakatA hai| bauddha dharma ke pravartaka gautama buddha bhI bodhilAbha ke anantara logoM ko upadeza, dIkSA Adi dene ke liye udyata nahIM he| unhoMne kahA : "kaThora sAdhanA evaM kapTa sahana ke phalasvarUpa maine jo dharma adhigata kiyA hai, use rAga-dveSa meM phaMse hue loga samajha nahIM paayeNge| kyoMki vaha dharmatattva lokapravAha se viparIta dizA meM calane vAlA, ati gambhIra sUkSmAtisUkSma evaM duddezya hai / rAga ke raMga meM raMge tathA prajJAnAndhakAra se Acchanna manuSya use nahIM dekha paayeNge|'' suraloka se samAgata brahma suhammapati deva ne punaH viziSTa anunaya-vinaya ke svara meM prArthanA kI- "bhagavan ! devatAoM evaM manuSyoM ke kalyANa ke liye dharma-dezanA diijiye|" "taba bhagavAn buddha ne pahale-pahala 5 manuSyoM ko dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura ve paMcavaggiya khlaaye|"2 bauddha dharma granthoM kA isa prakAra kA ullekha to vicAra karane para sayauktika aura buddhigamya pratIta ho sakatA hai kintu kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ke tatkAla pazcAt samavasaraNa kI gandha kuTI meM prathama dezanArtha sarvajJaprabhU 66 minaTa nahIM 66 ghanTe nahIM nirantara 66 dina taka mauna virAje raheM aura sasurAsura devendra, nara, narendra itanI lambI avadhi taka nirantara niSkriya baiThe raheM, yaha bAta sahaja hI kisI ke gale nahIM utara sktii|| dhavalAkAra ke samakAlIna punnATa saMghIya prAcArya jinasena ne dhavalA se lagabhaga 30 varSa pUrva racita apane grantha harivaMza purANa meM isa ulajhana bharI gutthI ko sulajhAne kA prayAsa karate hue likhA hai : "cAra jJAnadhArI mahAvIra ne (chaprasthAvasthA meM) 12 varSa paryanta 12 prakAra kA tapa kiyA aura vihArakrama se RkUlA nadI ke taTa para avasthita jambhika gAMva ke samIpa pahuMce / vahAM vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina do divasa ke upavAsa kA niyama, kara ve sAlavRkSa ke samIpa eka zilA para AtApana yoga meM prArUr3ha hue| usI samaya jabaki candramA uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra meM sthita thA, taba zukladhyAnadhArI prabhu mahAvIra ne cAra ghAti-karmoM ko naSTa kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| samasta surAsurendroM ne tatkAla vahAM upasthita ho prabhu ke jJAna kalyANaka kA utsava kiyaa| tadanantara chayAsaTha dinoM taka maunAvasthA meM vihAra karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha nagara ke vipulAcala para ArUr3ha hue|4 devoM ne vahAM bhavya 'mahAvagga, 1, 5.7 " mahAvagma, 1. 5.1. harivaMza purANa, sarga 2, zloka 56 - 56 4 kebalaka prabhAveNa, sahasA calitAsanAH / mAgatya mahimAM cakrustasya sarve surAsurAH // 60 / / SaTSaSTi divasAna bhUyo, maunena viharan vibhuH / bhAjagAma jagatsthAtaM, jino rAjagRhaM puram / / 61 / / mAroha giri tatra, vipulaM vipulazriyam / / 62 // [harivaMza pugaga. sarga 2, pR 17)

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samavasaraNa kI racanA kii| saudharmendra kI preraNA se indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti paura kauNDinya nAmaka vidvAn bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM upasthita hue pora unhoMne apane pAMca-pAMca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha daigambarI dIkSA grahaNa kii| cetaka kI putrI candanAkumArI eka svaccha vastra dhAraNa kara AryikAnoM meM pramukha hogii| rAjA zreNika bhI apanI caturaMginI senA ke sAtha prabhu ke samavasaraNa meM phuNcaa| indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara ne prabhu se tIrtha kI pravRtti karane hetu prazna kiyaa|' isa para varSamAna jinezvara ne zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ke dina prAtaHkAla divya dhvani ke dvArA zAsana kI paramparA calAne ke lie upadeza diyaa| harivaMza purANakAra ne jo yahAM ullekha kiyA hai ki kaivalyopalabdhi ke anantara 66 dina taka bhagavAna mahAvIra mauna dhAraNa kiye hue vicaraNa karate rahe, isa prakAra kA ullekha digambara paramparA ke anya kisI grantha meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| RjukUlA nadI para jRmbhikA grAma ke bAhara jyoM hI bhagavAn ko kevalanAna kI prApti haI tatkAla deva devendroM ne vahA~ upasthita ho jJAna kalyANaka kA utsava to kiyA kintu usI sthAna para devoM dvArA samavasaraNa kI racanA kyoM nahIM kI gaI ? isa sambandha meM tiloyapaNNattI, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, harivaMza purANa, uttara purANa prAdi digaMbara paramparA ke sarvamAnya granthoM ke racayitA mauna haiM / uttara purANakAra ne to vipulAcala para samavasaraNa kI racanA kA ullekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki Aja se lagabhaga 1200 varSa pUrva taka isa sambandha meM koI sunizcita evaM sarvasammata mAnyatA digambara paramparA meM pracalita nahIM thI ki prabhu mahAvIra ko kaivalyalAbha hote hI RjakalA nadI ke taTa para samavasaraNa kI racanA kisa kAraNa nahIM kI gii| kyA yaha Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA pravartamAna huNDAvasarpiNI kAla ke prabhAva ke kAraNa ghaTita huI athavA sahaja hI ? ___ tiloya paNNattI meM huNDAvasapiraNI ke kuprabhAva ke kAraNa vismayajanaka aghaTita ghaTanAoM ke ghaTita hone kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, jisameM sAtaveM, tevIsaveM aura aMtima tIrthaMkara ke upasarga hone kA to ullekha hai para yaha nahIM batAyA ' vahI, zloka 64 - 86 2 zrAvaNasyAsite po, nakSatre'bhijiti prabhuH / pratimAha pUrvAha, zAsanAyemudAharat // 6 // avasappiriNa ussapiriNa kAlasalAyA gade ya saMsAriNa / huMDAvasappiNI sA ekkA, jAedi tassa cihamimaM // 161 / / .."cakkagharAu dijANaM havedi vaMsassa uppattI // 1618 // "raNavamAdisolasaMtaM sattasu tisyesu dhammavocchedo // 1619 // .."sattamatevIsaMtima titpayarANaM ca usaggo // 1620 // [tiloyapaNNattI, prathama bhAga, 4 mahAdhikAra] [vahI]

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gayA hai ki prabhu ko kevalajJAna hote hI tatkAla usa sthAna para samavasaraNa, tIrtha pravartana Adi kI prakriyAeM kyoM na pUrNa huI / zvetAmbara paramparA ke pAgama sthAnAMga meM pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke 10 prAzcaryoM kA ullekha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi hote hI bhikA grAma ke bAhara devatAoM dvArA nirmita samavasaraNa meM jo prathama dezanA dI usake pariNAma svarUpa usI dina niyamataH dharma-tIrtha kI sthApanA ho jAnI cAhie thii| parantu aisA na hokara dUsare dina pAvApurI ke mahAsena udyAna meM nirmita samavasaraNa meM prabhu dvArA dezanA evaM tIrtha kI sthApanA kI gaI, isa ghaTanA kI bhI una 10 AzcaryoM meM gaNanA kI gaI hai|' digambara paramparA ke anyoM meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha na hone, kaivalyopalabdhi aura tIrthapravartana ke bIca vyavadhAna viSayaMka matabhinya tathA ghaTanA ke citraNa meM vaividhya hone ke kAraNa sthiti bar3I aspaSTa, anizcita evaM vivAdaspada sI pratIta hotI hai| prAzA hai zodhapriya vidvAn isa para gambhIra anveSaNa ke pazcAt samucita prakAza ddaaleNge| isa prazna para gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra karate samaya isa tathya ko dRSTi meM rakhanA paramAvazka hogA ki digambara paramparA ke harivaMza purANa Adi sabhI mAnya granthoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ko choDa zeSa Rpabhadeva prAdi tevIsoM hI tIrthakaroM ne usI dina dharma-tIrtha kA prarvatana kiyA, jisa dina ki unheM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi huii| kalpasUtra evaM nandI sUtra kI sthavirAvaliyoM kI parama prAmANikatA:Aja sabhI vidvAna samaveta svara meM svIkAra karate haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA kI 2 sthavirAvaliyAM kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI aura nandI sthavirAvalI (jinako mUla prAdhAra mAna kara prastuta grantha kA pAlekhana kiyA gayA hai), pUrNataH prAmANika vizvasanIya evaM ati prAcIna aitihAsika sthavirAvaliyAM haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se nikale I. san 83 se 176 taka ke, (mAyAgapaTToM, dhvajastambhoM, toraNoM, hariNagameSI deva kI mUrti, sarasvatI kI mUrti, sarvatobhadra pratimAoM, pratimApaTToM evaM mUrtiyoM kI caukiyoM para uTaMkita) zilAlekhoM se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki vastutaH ye donoM sthavirAvaliyAM ati prAcIna hI nahIM, prAmANika bhI haiN| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI kA kArya sarva prathama I. san 1871 meM janarala kaniMghama ke tattvAvadhAna meM, dUsarI bAra san 1888 se 1891 meM usagga ganbhaharaNaM, ithititthaM prabhAviyA-parisA / kaNThassa avarakaMkA. uttara caMTa-sarANa // harivaMsakuluppattI, camaruppAto taha aTThasaya siddhaa| assaMjatesu pUSA, dasa vi aNaMteNa kAleNa // [sthAnAMga, sthAna 10] vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye, 'jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1", pR. 344 -346 -sampAdaka ( 32 )

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DA. phyUrara ke tattvAvadhAna meM tathA tIsarI bAra paM. rAdhAkRSNa ke tattvAvadhAna meM karavAyA gayA / ina tInoM khudAiyoM meM jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se bar3I mahatvapUrNa vipula sAmagrI upalabdha huii| vaha sAmagrI Aja se 1861 se le kara 1768 varSa pahale taka kI prAcIna evaM prAmANika hone ke kAraNa bar3I vizvasanIya hai / ina zilAlekhoM meM kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke chaH gaNoM meM se tIna garaNoM, cAra garaNoM ke 12 kuloM, 10 zAkhAoM tathA nandIsUtra ke Adi maMgala ke rUpa meM dI huI vAcaka vaMza ( vAcanAcAryoM) kI sthavirAvalI' ke pandrahaveM vAcanAcArya Arya samudra, solahaveM prArya maMgu, ikkIsaveM prArya nandila ( prAnandila), bAvIsaveM grArya nAgahastI aura unatIsaveM vAcanAcArya bhUta dinna ke nAma vidyamAna haiM / Aja se lagabhaga 1800 - 1600 varSa pUrva ke ina zilAlekhoM meM lagabhaga 2200 varSa pUrva, vIra ni. saM. 261 meM hue grArya sthavira rohaNa grAdi suhasti ke ziSyoM ke uddeha prabhRti 3 garaNoM, kAlAntara meM prasRta hue unake 12 kuloM tathA 10 zAkhAnoM, vIra ni0 saM0 414 meM vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue zrArya samudra, vIra ni0 saM0 454 meM vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue prArya maMgU, unake pazcAt hue vAcanAcArya nandila, unake anantara anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 584 taka vAcanAcArya pada para rahe Arya nAgahastI aura vIra ni0 saM0 604 se 183 taka yuga pradhAnAcArya pada para rahe prArya bhUtadina ke ullekhoM se nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha hotA hai ki prArya sudharmA se prArambha huI kalpa sthavirAvalI aura nandi-sthavirAvalI ye donoM sthavirAvaliyA~ parama prAmANika aura pUrNata: vizvasanIya haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM dazapUrvadhara kAla se lekara sAmAnya pUrvadhara kAla kI samApti se 17 varSa pUrva taka ke katipaya vAcanAcAryoM, garaNoM, kuloM Adi kA ullekha isa tathya ko siddha karane ke liye sabala hI nahIM akATya pramANa hai ki ye donoM sthavirAvaliyAM kramabaddha aura pUrNataH prAmANika haiM / jijJAsu pAThakoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke lAbhArtha una zilAlekhoM kA yahAM saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai, jinameM ki uparilikhita garaNoM evaM vAcanAcAryoM kA ullekha hai / - prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 464-65 para Arya suhasti ke 12 ziSyoM meM se 6 ke nAma se pracalita hue garaNoM, unakI zAkhAoM aura kuloM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / Arya suhastI ke prathama ziSya zrArya rohaNa ke nAma se aura nAgabhUtikIya (nAgabhUya) kula kA ullekha kaniSka saM0 meM hai / isI prakAra kuSANavaMzI rAjA vAsudeva ke samaya ke prastuta grantha, pR. 471-72 2 prastuta grantha, pRSTha 755 3 1 [ siddham 11] mahArAjasya rAjAtirAjasya devaputrasya pAhikariNaSkasya saM0 7 he 1 di 105 etasya pUrvvAyAM bhayyadahikiyAto 2 gaNAto aryyanAgabhUtikiyAto kulA to after buddhazirisya ziSyo vAcako prayyaMsa [ndhi ] kasya bhagini ayyaMjayA bhayaM goSTha..... ( 33 ) nikale uddeha garaNa 7 ke lekha saM0 24 kaniSka saM0 18,

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tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0703 ke lekha saM0 66 meM uddeha gaNa, isake paridhAsika (parihAsaya) kula aura petaputrikA (puNya patrikA) zAkhA kA spaSTa ullekha hai|" isI prakAra Arya suhastI ke caturtha ziSya Arya kAmadhigaraNI se nikale vesavADiya gaNa aura usakI zAkhAmoM kA nAma to mathurA ke zilAlekhoM meM spaSTataH ukita nahIM hai kintu isa gaNa ke cAra kUloM meM se mehiya (mehika) nAmaka kula kA ullekha kucha truTitAkSaroM meM lekha saM0 26 aura 63 meM vidyamAna hai| Arya suhastI ke pAMcaveM evaM chaThe pramukha ziSya Arya susthita aura supratibaddha se nikale koTika (koDiya athavA koTiya) gaNa kA ullekha zilAlekha saMkhyA 18 tathA 25 meM, koTiya gaNa, brahmadAsiya (baMbhalijja) kUla evaM uccanAgarI (ucenAgarI) zAkhA kA ullekha lekha saMkhyA 19, 20, 22 evaM 23 meM, koTiya gaNa ke vatthalijja kula kA vacchaliyAto kulAto ke rUpa meM lekha saM0 27 meM, koTiya gaNa, ThAniya kula (saMbhavataH vAriNaya athavA vANijya kula kA vikRta rUpa), zrIgaha saMbhoga, vajI (veri) zAkhA kA ullekha lekha saM0 26 evaM 30 meM, koTiya garaNa, bambhalijja kula (brahmadAsika kula ke rUpa meM), uccanAgarI zAkhA tathA zrIgRhasaMbhoga kA ullekha lekha saM0 31 meM, koTTiya garaNa, brahmadAsika (vambhalijja) kula tathA ucenAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha lekha saM0 35 meM, isa gaNa kI kevala uccanAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha lekha saM0 36 meM, koTiya gaNa veri zAkhA ThAriNaya (vAriNaya) kula kA ullekha lekha saM0 40 evaM 41 meM, isa garaNa ke baMbhadAsika (bambhalijja) kula mora uccanAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha lekha saM0 50 meM, koTika gaNa verA (vajI) zAkhA, sthAnika kula, zrIgRha saMbhoga, vAcaka Arya ghastuhasti (hastihasti arthAt nAgahasti) ke ziSya maMgrahasti kA ullekha lekha saM0 54 meM, koTiyagaNa, sthAniya (vAriNaya) kula vairA zAkhA, zrIgaha saMbhoga vAcaka Arya hastahasti (nAgahasti) kA ullekha lekha saM0 55 meM kiyA gayA hai| 1. kAla kI dRSTi se gaNa, kula evaM zAkhA ke ullekha se yukta sabase pahalA zilA lekha hai kuSAraNavaMzIya rAjA kaniSka ke rAjyakAla ke 5 veM varSa (I0 san 83 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 610) kaa| isameM likhA hai :'siddha (ma) / / namo parahato mahAvIrasya de"rasya / rAjavAsudevasyA saMvatsare 108 varSamAse 4 divase 1. 1. etasyA 2. pUrvAya paryyadehikiyAto ga (NAto) parighAsikAto kumAto petaputrikAto zAkhAto gariNasya ayaM devadatasya na 3. yyaM kSemasya 4. prakagirieM 5. ki hadiye praja 6.""tasya pravarakasya dhinu varuNasya gandhikasya vadhUye mitrasa"datta gA [1] 7 ye""bhagavato mahAvIrasya / jaina zilAlekha saM0, bhA0 2 (mANikacandra digambara jaina graM. mAlA samiti), lekha saM. 24 tathA 66, pR. 22 evaM 47 23 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2

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- "devaputra kaniSka ke 5veM varSa kI hemanta Rtu ke pahale mahine ke pahale dina koTTiyagaNa, brahmadAsika kula aura uccanAgarI zAkhA ke... zreSThi... sene kI dharmapatnI deva....."pAla kI putrI khaDA (kSadrA) ne varSamAna kI prati (maa)|' lekha saM0 56 meM koTTiya gaNa, sthAnikIya kula, ri zAkhA ke Arya vRddha hasti kA ullekha hai| kalpa sthavirAvalI ke 27veM gaNAcArya prArya vRddha hI vastutaH isa zilAlekha ke Arya vRddha hone caahie| kyoMki prArya suhastI ke ziSya susthita aura supratibuddha dvArA sUrimantra kA eka karor3a bAra jApa kiye jAne ke kAraNa unakA vizAla zramaNa samUha koTika gaNa ke nAma se vikhyAta huA / mArya susthitasupratibuddha prAcArya suhasti ke paTTadhara prAcArya hue prataH 'suhastI kI mukhya ziSya paramparA koTika garaNa ke nAma se hI abhihita kI jAne lgii| usa mukhya paramparA ke prAcArya hone ke kAraNa kalpa sthavirAvalI ke 27veM prAcArya prAryavRddha' hI ve koTTiya gaNa ThAriNaya athavA vAriNaya kula aura vajrI zAkhA ke prArya vRddhahastI hone cAhie jinakA ki nAma isa lekha meM utkIrNa kiyA huA hai / isI prakAra lekha saMkhyA 56 meM bhI koTTiya gaNa aura vaharI (bajI)zAkhA ke mArya vRddhahastI kA ullekha hai| ve bhI nizcita rUpa se kalpa sthavirAvalI ke 27veM prAcArya prArya vRddha hI hone caahie| inake atirikta lekha saM0 64 meM uccanAgarI zAkhA, lekha saM0 66 meM koTTiya gaNa, paNhavAhaNaya kula evaM majhamA zAsA, lekha saM068 meM koTriya garaNa, ThAniya kula aura pairI zAkhA, lekha saM. 7. meM koTika garaNa aura uccanAgarI zAkhA, lekha saM074 meM koTiyagaraNa kA ullekha vidyamAna hai| kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita gaNoM, kuloM evaM zAkhAmoM prAdi ke ullekhoM vAle jo lekha mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se upalabdha hue haiM, unameM aMtima lekha hai gupta saM0 113 tadanusAra I. sana 433 (vIra ni0 saM0 160 ) meM utkIrNa, gupta samrAT kumAragupta' ke zAsana kAla kA lekha saM0 62 / / isa lekha saM0 62 meM koTriya garaNa kI vidyAdharI zAkhA ke prAcArya datila kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAcanAcArya paramparA kI, yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA 'pa. 1. "....."() putrasya ka (ni.) kasya saM.5 he. 1 vi 1 etasya pUrma () koDiyAto gaNAto brahmavAsikA (to) (ka) sAto (u) nAgarito hAlAto seSi-8-sya f-f-f- senaspa sahapari dugaye hai (4) va. 1. pAmasya pi (a)..... 2. varSamAnasya prati (mA) / [jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA 2 mANakacandra di. jaina andhamAmA samiti) lekha saM. 19, pR.saM. 19] mapurA kA prAkRta lekha kaniSka saM0 5. 2 kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI ke prAcAryoM kI sUcI, dekhiye prastuta anya ke pRSTha 473-74 'kumAragupta kA zAsana vIra ni.saM. 151 se 502 taka rhaa| dekhiye prastuta pranya, pRSTha 672 4 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR0 58 ( 35 )

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kI zraura kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI ina tInoM sthavirAvaliyoM meM 'dattila' nAmaka kisI zrAcArya kA nAma upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / hAM vAcanAcArya paramparA kI ( nandIsUtrIyA). sthavirAvalI ke 26 veM (prArya dharma, bhadragupta, vajra, rakSita aura govinda - ina pAMcoM ke nAma vAcanAcAryoM meM sammilita na kiye jAne kI dazA meM 24 veM )' zrAcAryaM tathA yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI ke 26 veM zrAcArya kA nAma bhUta dinna hai / lekha saM0 92 meM uTTaMkita 'dattila' aura ina donoM paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita 'dina' ye donoM (dattila aura dina) zabda vastutaH datta zabda ke prAkRta rUpa haiM / AryaM bhUtadina kA yugapradhAnAcArya kAla vIra ni0 saM0 604 se 683 mAnA gayA hai| 3 isa lekha saM0 62 meM gupta saM0 113 utkIrNa kiyA huA hai, jo vIra ni0 saM0 660 arthAt prAcArya bhUta dina ke prAcArya kAla kA hI samaya hai / isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki uparilikhita lekha saM0 92 meM koTTi garaNa kI vidyAdharI zAkhA ke jina dattilAcArya kA ullekha hai, ve vastutaH nandi sthavirAvalI ke vAcanAcArya zraura yugapradhAna paTTAvalI ke yugapradhAna prAcArya bhUtadina hI haiM / - yuga pradhAnAcArya bhUtadina kI hI taraha lekha saM0 52 ke gari samadi vastutaH vAcaka paramparA ke 15 veM vAcanAcArya zrAryaM samudra, lekha saM0 41 aura 61 ke zrArya nandika va garinandi 17 ve vAcanAcArya nandila aura lekha saM0 54 auaura 55 ke kramaza: ghastu hasti aura hastahasti 15 veM vAcanAcArya zrArya nAgahastI hI haiM / nandisUtrIyA sthavirAvalI meM ina cAroM vAcanAcAryoM ke nAma isI krama se eka ke pazcAt eka haiM / Arya sudharmA se lekara devaddhi kSamAzramaNa taka eka hajAra varSa kI lambI kAlAvadhi meM aneka prAcArya evaM unake prAjJAnuvartI sahasroM mahAn prabhAvaka zramaNa hue, sahasroM prabhAvikA zramaNiyAM huIM, jinhoMne bhArata jaise prativizAla deza ke kone-kone meM vicaraNa kara prANimAtra ko abhayadAna dene vAle prabhu mahAvIra ke ahiMsA-satya-asteya brahmacarya - aparigraha mUlaka vizvakalyANakArI dharma kA pracAraprasAra kiyaa| kAlAntara meM kramazaH hue garaNabheda, paramparAbheda, mAnyatAbheda, saMghavibhAjana, gacchopagaccha- kulopakulajanya vibhinna bheda-prabhedoM ke anantara eka hI samaya meM eka-eka pradeza ko, eka-eka kSetra ko pRthakataH apanA kAryakSetra cunakara jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane vAle aneka AcArya hue| unameM se katipaya mahApuruSoM ne svarNabhUmi, siMhala Adi sudUrastha evaM durgama dezoM meM jAkara vahAM para bhI janamAnasa meM jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha niSThA utpanna kI evaM vahAM ke logoM ko jainadharmAvalambI banAyA / ukta 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM hue graneka rAjAoM, mahArAjAzroM, 1 prastuta grantha, pR0 472-73 2 dina bhara dattila donoM zabda datta zabda ke prAkRta rUpa hote haiM / [jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, bhUmikA (DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI), pR0 18 TippaNa 2 ] 3 prastuta grantha, pR0 665

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sAmantoM, zreSThiyoM evaM sabhI vargoM ke zrAvakoM tathA zrAvikAoM ne jainadharma ke pracAraprasAra ke sAtha-sAtha isake digadiganta pApI pratApa ko cirasthAyI banAye rakhane ke lie jo-jo mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye, una sabakA kramabaddha pUrNa vivaraNa prAja jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| phira bhI unameM se katipaya kAryoM kA zilAlekhoM, prAyAgapaTToM, tAmrapatrAbhilekhoM Adi meM ukita vivaraNa prAja bhI upalabdha hotA haiM, jinakA prastuta grantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prAkkathana meM bhI yathAsthAna isa para aura adhika prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kArya ko gurutA evaM dussAdhyatA- itane sudIrgha atIta ke suvistRta itihAsa kA yathAvat nirUpaNa to vastuta: kevala atizayajJAnI hI kara sakate haiN| kyoMki unameM se vibhinna gaNoM ke jina gaNAcAyoM, prabhAvaka mahAzramaNoM ne jIvana bhara sudUra dakSiNa ke tamilanADu, baMga, kaliMga, Andhra Adi pradezoM meM jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA, unameM se adhikAMza ke to nAma taka bhI Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM haiN| kalpasthavirAvalI meM prArya suhastI ke pazcAt jina prAcAryoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM, unameM se adhikAMza kA nAma ke atirikta kiMcitmAtra bhI paricaya Aja ke upalabdha jaina vAGamaya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra nandIsUtra ke Adi meM dI gaI vAcanAcAryoM kI sthavirAvalI ke bhI katipaya AcAryoM kA koI paricaya kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jaba mukhya-mukhya prAcAryoM kA bhI pUrA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA to usa dazA meM unake samaya meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM kA zRMkhalAbaddha nirUpaNa karanA kitanA kaThina kArya hai, isakA vijJa svayaM sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakate haiN| yaha sthiti vartamAna samaya meM hI ho, aisI bAta nahIM hai| prAja se aneka zatAbdiyoM pahale bhI kucha isI prakAra kI sthiti ko vidyamAnatA ke ullekha jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| itihAsalekhana kA kArya kitanA jaTila hai, isa sambandha meM Aja se lagabhaga 700 varSa pUrva hue prAcArya prabhAcandra (vi0 saM0 1334) dvArA prakaTa kie gae nimnalikhita udgAroM se paryApta prakAza par3atA hai : zrIvajrAnupravRtta (to) prakaTamunipati praSThavRttAnitattad, granthebhyaH kAnicicca zratadharamukhata: kAnicitsaMkalayya / duSprApatvAdamISAM vizakalitatayaikatracitrAvadAtaM, jijJAsaikAgrahANAmadhigatavidhaye'bhyuccayaM sa pratene / ' arthAt - Arya vajra aura unake anuvartI prAcAryoM kA itivRtta khaNDavikhaNDita rUpa meM itastataH bikharA huprA evaM apUrNa hone ke kAraNa eka prakAra se duSprApya thA / ataH unameM se katipaya prAcAryoM kA itivRtta aneka granthoM ke parizIlana se, kucha prAcAryoM kA zratadharoM se sunakara aura kaiyoM kA (jaina vAGamaya meM se) saMkalita kara maiMne (prabhAcandra ne) use samyakarUpeNa suvyavasthita kiyA hai / prAcArya prabhAcanda ne "prabhAvaka caritra' nAmaka apane atyanta mahatvapUrNa ' prabhAvaka caritra, granthakArakRtA svakIyA prazastiH, pRSTha 215, zloka 17 ( 37 )

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evaM upayogI graMtha meM kula milAkara 23 prAcAryoM evaM mahAkavi dhanapAla ke jIvana kI katipaya pramukha ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| prAcArya prabhAcandra ke samaya meM prAcIna grantha bhI prAja kI apekSA nizcita rUpa se kucha adhika mAtrA meM upalabdha rahe hoNge| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki prAcArya prabhAcandra ke pazcAdvartI kAla meM prAtatAyI videzI prAkrAntAoM ne bhAratIya saMskRti kI amUlya nidhi ke rUpa meM surakSita granthAgAroM, pustakabhaNDAroM evaM svaraNapatra, tAmrapatra, prastara, bhitti prAdi para zatAbdiyoM pUrva utkIrNa kie gae abhilekhoM ko naSTa-nizzeSa-karane meM kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rkhii| eka yavana mAkrAntA ne to apanI sainika-pAka zAlA-meM zatAbdiyoM ke prathaka zrama se likhe gaye bhAratIya saMskRti ke prAcIna graMthoM ko iMdhana kI jagaha jalAne ke kAma meM lekara chaH mahInoM taka vizAla senA ke lie bhojana banavAyA, aura snAnArtha pAnI garama krvaayaa| ___ vargavidveSa, dhArmika asahiSNutA Adi ke phalasvarUpa samaya-samaya para bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM utpanna hue Antarika kalahoM ne bhI bhAratIya saMskRti ke avazeSoM, smArakoM, dharmasthAnoM, tIrthasthAnoM evaM granthAgAroM prAdi ko bhayaMkara kSati phuNcaaii| kevala 23 prAcAryoM ke jIvanavRtta kA prAlekhana karate samaya prAcArya prabhAcaMdra dvArA abhivyakta kie gae uparyullikhita udgAroM aura unase avAMtaravartI kAla meM huI purAtana sAhitya kI dukhada mahatI kSati ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para svata: hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki IsA pUrva 527 se I0 san 473 (vIra ni0 saM0 saM01 se 1000) taka kA 1000 varSa kA jaina dharma kA sarvAMgapUrNa itihAsa zRMkhalAbaddha rUpa meM sampatra karanA kitanA kaThina, kitanA durUha, dussAdhya evaM zramApekSI kArya hai| para ina saba kaThinAiyoM se hatotsAhita ho isa dizA meM prayAsa na karane kI sthiti meM to pratyeka jainI ke hRdaya meM khaTakane vAlI itihAsa ke abhAva kI kamI kabhI dUra nahIM hone vAlI hai, yaha vicAra kara isa kArya ko hAtha meM liyA gyaa| purAtana prAmANika mApAra - hamane aMgoM, upAMgoM, niyuktiyoM, cUriyoM, TokAnoM, bhASyoM, caritragranthoM, kathAkoSoM, sthavirAvaliyoM, paTTAvaliyoM, jaina evaM vaidika paramparA ke purANoM, vibhinna itihAsa-granthoM, bauddha paramparA ke granthoM, zilAlekhoM, prakIrNaka granthoM evaM sabhI prakAra kI upalabdha sAmagrI ke paryavekSaNaparyAlocana ke mAdhyama se prAmANika sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para atha se iti taka zRMkhalAbaddha rUpa meM jaina itihAsa ke pAlekhana kI amiTa abhilASA liye yathAmati kucha likhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prArambha se lekara anta taka isa grantha ke lekhana meM isa bAta kA pUrA-pUrA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki thothI kalpanAoM aura nirmUla anuzrutiyoM ko mahatva na dekara prAcIna granthoM evaM abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para prAmANika aitihAsika tathyoM kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA jaay| isI prakAra bahata-sI camatkArika rUpa se citrita ghaTanAoM ko bhI isa grantha meM samAviSTa nahIM kiyA ( 38 )

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gayA hai| madhyayugIna aneka vidvAna granthakAroM ne siddhasena prabhRti katipaya prabhAvaka prAcAryoM ke jIvana caritra kA Alekhana karate hue unake jIvana kI kucha aisI camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jina para Aja ke yuga ke adhikAMza cintaka kisI bhI dazA meM vizvAsa karane ko udyata nahIM hote| tyAgI, tapasvI mahAna puruSoM ke prabala Atmabala meM acintya zakti hotI hai, isa bahujana sammata tathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke prAyaH sabhI adhyAtma viSayaka prAcIna granthoM dvArA pratipAdita tathya se itihAsa ke pAThakoM ko thor3A bahuta avagata karAne kI dRSTi se zraddhAspada pUrvAcAryoM dvArA vizada rUpeNa vaNita ghaTanAoM meM se eka do camatkArika ghaTanAoM kA bhI isa grantha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa spaSTIkaraNa kA mUlataH mUkhya tAtparya yahI hai ki prastuta grantha meM jo kucha likhA gayA hai, vaha saba kucha sAdhAra hai, binA prAdhAra ke eka bhI bAta nahIM likhI gaI hai| vizukha uddezya -kevala tathya ko khoja : - yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai ki itihAsa ke kSetra meM kevala unhIM vivaraNoM ko pUrNa prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai, jinako satya siddha karane vAle Thosa prAdhAra hoN| katipaya aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke sambandha meM samaya-samaya para bahuta se vidvAnoM ne UhApoha, kiMvadantI, nire anumAna, kevala-kalpanA athavA pAramparika mAnyatA ke nAma para apanI-apanI mAnyatAeM rakhI haiN| isa prakAra ke prAcIna athavA arvAcIna vidvAnoM kI ve vyaktigata mAnyatAeM yadyapi aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama, niSpakSa sAkSya evaM samakAlIna anya nirvivAdAspada aitihAsika ghaTanAcakra se anyathA siddha hotI haiM, tathApi prAja ve labdhapratiSTha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hone, bahajanasammata hone, pakSa vizeSa kI prAcInatA kI sAdhaka hone athavA anya katipaya kAraNoM se nirvivAdAspada mAnyatAoM kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI jA rahI haiN| isa taraha kI katipaya mAnyatAoM ko aprAmANika-amAnya siddha kara dene vAle jo prabala tathya hameM upalabdha hue haiM, unheM yathAsthAna ullikhita kara hamane vAstavikatA ko prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| aise prasaMgoM para hameM kucha isa prakAra ke tathya bhI prastuta karane par3e haiM, jo katipaya vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla nahIM pdd'te| aisA karane ke pIche hamArI kiMcitmAtra bhI isa prakAra kI bhAvanA nahIM rahI hai ki kisI ke bhAvuka komala mana ko kisI prakAra kI koI Thesa phuNce| hamArI ceSTA pakSapAta vihIna evaM kevala yahI rahI hai ki vastusthiti prakAza meM lAI jAya / sampradAya-moha evaM paramparA vizeSa ke pUrvAgraha se vimukta ho taTastha bhAva se likhate hue bhI vicAra-bheda athavA dRSTibhedavazAt yadi koI ullekha tathya kI sImA kA kiMcitmAtra bhI atikramaNa kara gayA ho to 'taM me micchAmi dukkaDaM / ' saMgha-saMcAlana kI praNAlI :- koI bhI saMgaThana, cAhe vaha dhArmika, rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, Arthika athavA sAMskRtika saMgaThana ho, usake saMcAlana ke lie kisI eka praNAlI ko apanAnA prAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| aneka bheda-prabhedoM ke hote hue bhI isa prakAra ke saMgaThanoM ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie mukhya rUpa se

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d evanam do praNAliyAM pradhAna mAnI gaI haiM - prathama ekatantrIya praNAlI aura dUsarI prajAtantrIya prnnaalii| tIrthapravartana-kAla se lekara Aja taka ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke itihAsa kA samIcInatayA paryAlocana karane ke pazcAt yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki prArambha se hI isakA saMcAlana eka aisI sundara evaM sudRr3ha praNAlI se kiyA jAtA rahA hai jise na vizuddha ekatantrI praNAlI hI kahA jA sakatA hai aura na pUrNa prajAtAntrika hii| mahAvIra yadyapi licchavirAjakumAra the| licchavi gaNataMtra unake samaya kA eka pramukha prajAtAntrika gaNarAjya thaa| para kaivalyopalabdhi ke anantara tIrtha-pravartana ke samaya unhoMne apane dharma saMgha ke saMcAlana ke lie prajAtAntrika praNAlI evaM ekatantrIya praNAlI ke kevala guraNoM ko grahaNa kara mizra praNAlI ko adhika upayukta samajhA / yadyapi ve prajAtAntrika paramparA se pAye the parantu trikAladarzI-sarvajJa ho jAne para unhoMne dekhA ki unakA dharma saMgha ekAntataH prajAtAntrika athavA ekataMtrI praNAlI kA anusaraNa kara cirakAla taka apane vAstavika svarUpa meM ajasra evaM nirdvandva rUpa se nahIM cala skegaa| kevala prajAtAntrika paddhati se saMghasaMcAlana kI vyavasthA meM unheM apane dharma saMgha kA cirasthAyI jIvana pratIta nahIM hmaa| __ saMgha-vyavasthA ke AdyopAnta svarUpa ke adhyayana se tathA bhagavAna dvArA kI gaI pada vyavasthA se yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMghasaMcAlana ke lie prajAtAntrika praNAlI ke aMkuza sahita suyogya vaiyaktika adhikAra pradhAna ekataMtrI vyavasthA praNAlI ko adhika zreyaskara smjhaa| saMgha tathA prAcAra ke prati ananya niSThAvAna, pratyutpannamati, zAsananipuraNa, projasvI, pratibhAzAlI vyavahArakuzala evaM yogyatama adhikArika vyakti ke sAMkuza adhinAyakatva meM apane dharma saMgha kA cira jIvana tathA cirasthAyI hita samajhakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMgha ke saMcAlana ke lie eka mizrita praNAlI nirdhArita kii| pranAdikAlIna 'paMcaparameSThi namaskAramaMtra' ke pAMcoM padoM se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki jaina dharma saMgha meM anAdi kAla se donoM praNAliyoM ke doSoM se mukta evaM guNoM se yukta mizra zAsana-vyavasthA rahI hai| ahaMtoM ke pazcAt prAcAryoM kA dharma saMgha meM sadA-sarvadA sarvopari sthAna mAnA jAtA rahA hai para prAcArya sadA saMgha ke prati uttaradAyI rahe haiN| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki jahAM udAyI, azoka, saMprati aura vikramAditya jaise ekatantrI zAsaka kartavyaparAyaNatApUrvaka prajAvatsala nyAyaniSTha aura sevAvratI bane rahe, vahAM dharma, samAja evaM rASTra ne sarvatomukhI pragati kii| isake viparIta kucha apavAdoM ko chor3a yaha kaTusatya sarvavidita hai ki prajAtAMtrikatA meM prabhAva, abhiyoga, anutaradAyitva, anizcitatA, asthiratA, viSAkta pratispardhAjanya azAnti kA prAdhikya rhaa| prajAtAntrika praNAlI meM jahAM eka mora aneka guNa haiM vahAM dUsarI ora bahuta bar3A avaguNa bhI hai| vahAM adhikArI aura adhikRta, bar3e ( 40 )

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aura choTe ke bheda kA kevala kahane bhara ke lie sthAna na rahane ke kAraNa pratyeka vyakti meM sabase Age ubharane kI, ahamindra athavA adhinAyaka banane kI pratispardhA prabala vega se jAgata rahatI hai| pratyeka vyakti meM utpanna huI isa prakAra kI bhAvanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa saMgaThana meM sAMTha-gAMTha, jor3a-tor3a, dalabandI, anuzAsanahInatA, aura kalaha Adi vinAzakArI pravRttiyAM panapane lagatI haiN| isa prakAra zanaiH-zanaiH sAmUhika apanatva kI bhAvanA adhinAyakatva, ahamindratva kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| eka Dora meM calane vAle eka sampanna-samRddha ghara ke sabhI sadasyoM meM apanatva ke sthAna para ahammanyatA aura adhinAyakatva kI bhAvanA ke panapane para jo usa ghara kI durdazA hotI hai, ThIka vahI dazA antatogatvA prajAtAntrika praNAlI se calane vAle saMgaThana kI hotI hai| yoM to sabhI sthitiyAM sApavAda hotI haiN| para jahAM taka dhArmika saMgha kA prazna hai, kama se kama isake saMcAlana meM to ekAMtika prajAtantrIya praNAlI na phava sakatI hai aura na cirakAla taka saphala hI siddha ho sakatI hai| prArambhika dazA meM bhale hI usase kucha lAbha dRSTigocara ho para usameM cirakAlika sthairya nahIM A paataa| parivartana para parivartana Ate haiN| usa saMgha kA vAstavika svarUpa badalate-badalate mUla svarUpa se pUrNataH bhinna ho jAtA hai| dhArmika saMgha mUlataH AdhyAtmika zAnti kI prApti ke lie sthApita kiye jAte haiM para unake ekAntataH prajAtAntrika praNAlI se saMcAlita kiye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa usa saMgha ke adhikAMza sadasyoM meM utpanna haI viSAkta pratispardhA ke kAraNa prAdhyAtmika zAnti to dUra bhautika zAnti bhI nahIM raha paatii| usa dharma saMgha kI sthApanA ke pIche jo AdhyAtmika zAMti kI avApti kA mUla uddezya rahatA hai, vaha tirohita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra 'naSTe mUle kuto zAkhA' kI ukti ke anusAra vaha saMgha niSprANa ho jAtA hai / ekatantrI vyavasthA-praNAlI meM bhI aMkuza ke prabhAva tathA sarvAdhika suyogya vyakti ko adhinAyaka na banA usake sthAna para ayogya vyakti ke manonayana ke bhI bar3e bhISaNa pariNAma hote haiN| bauddha saMgha kA dRSTAnta hamAre samakSa hai / bauddhasaMgha kI vyavasthA kisa praNAlI para AdhArita thI, isakA yadyapi koI spaSTa ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi pAlI-piTakoM ke ullekhAnusAra licchaviyoM ke bauddha saMgha kI ora adhika jhakAva se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prArambhika kAla meM bauddha saMgha kI saMcAlana praNAlI ekatantrI praNAlI ke AdhAra para na kI jAkara katipaya parivartanoM ke sAtha gaNatantra praNAlI ke anurUpa prajAtAntrika AdhAra para kI gaI thii| yaha bhI eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki gaNatAntrika vyavasthA ke abhyasta, zAsaka aura zAsita, adhinAyaka aura adhInastha Adi ke bar3e-choTe ke bheda ke anabhyasta licchaviyoM kA prArambha meM bauddha saMgha kI ora apekSAkRta adhika jhukAva rahA ho| para bauddha saMgha meM vajjipUtraka saMgha ke nAma se eka pRthaka saMgha kI sthApanA se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki prajAtAntrika vyavasthA ke pariNAmasvarUpa bauddhasaMdha meM utpanna huI anuzAsanahInatA

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athavA vizRMkhalatA ko dUra karane ke uddezya se dvitIya bauddha saMgIti ke samaya saMgha vyavasthA ke niyamoM meM vaiyaktika adhikAroM ke AdhAra para kucha parivartana kiye jAne lage to vajjIvaMzI 'vajji putraka' nAmaka bhivakhu, jo ki licchavI gaNatantra ke aMgabhUta prajAtAntrika vajjIsaMgha ke sadasya raha cuke the, bauddha bhikSu saMgha se pRthak ho gaye / jaba vajjiputraka bhikkhu ne dekhA ki bauddha bhikSusaMgha para vyaktiniSTha adhinAyakavAda chA rahA hai, bhikSutroM kI svatantratA para vaiyaktika Adhipatya chA jAnA cAhatA hai to unhoMne pRthakataH, apane vicAroM se sahamata bhikSutroM kA, eka saMgha sthApita kiyA aura usa saMgha kA nAma vajjiputraka saMgha rakhA / isa prakAra itihAsa sAkSI hai ki prajAtAntrika praNAlI ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kI gaI saMghIya vyavasthA ke kAraNa bauddha bhikSusaMgha buddha se thor3e samaya pazcAt hI vizRMkhala hone lagA / videzI kuSAraNavaMzI samrAT kaniSka ( vIra ni0 kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA prArambhika kAla ) ke samaya taka vighaTita hote hote aneka khaNDoM meM vibhakta hogayA aura kAlAntara meM to vaha AryadharA se prAyaH vilupta hI ho gayA / nissaMdeha, videzoM meM bauddhadharma kA asAdhAraNa pracAra praura vistAra huA para suyogya evaM sAMkuza ekatantrI saMcAlana praNAlI ke prabhAva meM parivartana para parivartana hote rahane ke kAraNa usakI maulikatA sthira nahIM raha pAI / ekatantrI vyavasthA - praNAlI meM bhI adhinAyaka ke manonayana ke samaya yadi samucita satarkatA, jAgarUkatA na vartI jAya aura usa para suyogya evaM sajaga aMkuza na rakhA jAya to usake bar3e bhayaMkara duSpariNAma ho sakate haiM / itihAsa meM isa prakAra ke aneka udAharaNa upalabdha haiM ki sarvAdhika suyogya vyakti ke sthAna para kisI yogya vyakti ko kisI dharma saMgha, rAjya athavA rASTra kA sarva sattA sampanna adhinAyaka banA diye jAne kI sthiti meM usa rAjya, rASTra athavA dharma saMgha ko kitanI bar3I-bar3I kSatiyAM uThAnI par3I haiN| jahAM taka ekatantrI rAjya sattA kA prazna hai, usameM isa prakAra ke doSoM aura duSpariNAmoM kI saMbhAvanA do kAraNoM se adhika rahatI hai / prathama kAraNa to yaha rahA hai ki eka rAjA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vaMza paramparAgata prathA ke anusAra usake putra ko, cAhe vaha ayogya hI kyoM na ho rAjya siMhAsana para abhiSikta kara use rAjya kA sarva sattA sampanna niraMkuza adhinAyaka banA diyA jaanaa| dUsarA kAraNa rahA hai videzI prAtatAiyoM athavA zrAkrAntAoM dvArA rAjyasattA para balapUrvaka apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara lenA / ye donoM hI sthitiyAM rAjya, rASTra aura jana sAdhAraNa ke liye bar3I duHkhada, vinAzakArI evaM bhayAvaha hotI haiN| pahalI sthiti meM adhinAyaka zAstA kI akarmaNyatA ke kAraNa zAsana meM daurbalya prajA meM nirAzA evaM pravizvAsa ghara karane lagatA hai, vAMchanIya tattva ubhara kara sakriya ho uThate haiM, janahita, utpAdana, abhivRddhi, zakti saMcaya Adi ke Avazyaka kArya aura rAjya kI Aya ke srota avaruddha ho jAte haiM / dUsare prakAra kI sthiti meM videzI zAsana kA mukhya uddezya yena kena prakAreNa dhana saMcaya karanA apane zAsana ko cirasthAyI banAne ke liye apanI ( 42 )

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senA meM, rAjya ke pramukha padoM para aura yuddha kI dRSTi se deza ke mahattvapUrNa sthAnoM para apane kuTumba ke, apanI jAti ke aura apane deza ke logoM ko adhikAdhika saMkhyA meM niyukta karanA, jamAnA aura zAsita deza kI sainika jAtiyoM evaM zAktiyoM ko naSTa karanA mAtra rahatA hai| videzI zAsaka ke antarmana meM jana sevA, prajAvatsalatA aura rASTra ko sazakta, susampanna, samRddha samunnata banAne kI bhAvanA vastutaH nAmamAtra ko bhI nahIM rahatI / para jahA~ taka dharma saMgha kI vyavasthA kA prazna hai, usakI sAMkuza ekatantrI zAsana praNAlI arthAt mizra zAsana praNAlI meM caityavAsa-saMsthApana jaise atyalpa apavAdoM ko chor3a kara isa prakAra ke doSoM ke utpanna hone kI saMbhAvanAe~ nahIM rahatI haiN| kisI rAjya athavA rASTra kI ekatantrIya zAsana praNAlI ko sadoSa evaM praniSTakara banA dene vAle mukhyatayA jo do kAraNa batAye gaye haiM, usI rAjavaMza ke vyakti ko siMhAsanArUr3ha karanA aura videzI prAkrAntA dvArA balAt rAjyasattA ko hathiyA lenA, ina donoM kAraNoM kI eka dharma saMgha ke saMcAlana kI ekatantrI vyavasthA praNAlI meM to kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| aisI sthiti meM ekatantrIya zAsana praNAlI ke ina do vinAzakArI mUla doSoM se dharma-saMgha sarvathA achUtA raha sakatA hai / inake atirikta dharmasaMgha kI eka tantrIya vyavasthA praNAlI meM dharmasaMgha ko adhaHpatana kI ora le jAne vAle sAdhAraNataH jina doSoM kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai, unameM prathama hai AcArya para saMgha kA aMkuza na rakhanA tear kisI yogya vyakti ko prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kara denA / zrAcArya meM jina jina guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai una guraNoM se viparIta jitane bhI avaguNa haiM unameM se pratyeka varaNa kisI bhI zramaraNa ko prAcArya pada ke liye prayogya ThaharAne meM paryApta mAnA jAtA rahA hai| jo utsUtra prarUpaka, adUradarzI, zithilAcArI, svArthI, niSprabha, nisteja, azakta ho, aMga-vAcanA, pravacana, dharma prabhAvanA, saMgha-saMcAlana, saMghotkarSa meM prakuzala, ho ugra evaM asthira svabhAva vAlA aura zravazendriya ho, mukhyataH vaha zramaNa zrAcArya pada ke liye prayogya mAnA gayA hai / vastutaH sarvAdhika suyogya evaM AcArya pada ke liye Avazyaka sarvaguraNoM se sampanna zramaNa ko hI prAcArya pada para niyukta kiye jAne kA vidhAna rakhA gayA hai| kina-kina prakAra ke viziSTa guNoM se sampanna zramaNa ko prAcArya pada para manonIta kiyA jAtA thA aura isa kArya meM kisa prakAra pUrNa satarkatA aura jAgarUkatA se kAma liyA jAtA thA, yaha - "nirvANottara kAla meM saMgha vyavasthA kA svarUpa isa zIrSaka ke nIce Age diye jA rahe AcArya ke guNoM evaM saMpadAoM vivaraNa se bhalI bhAMti prakaTa ho jAtA hai / prAyaH sabhI prAcArya apane jIvana kAla meM hI satata prayatnazIla rahate the ki aise yogyatama vyakti ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM zikSita - dIkSita kiyA jAya, jisake sudRr3ha netRtva meM saMgha uttarottara utkarSa kI ora agrasara hotA rahe, vizva kalyANakArI zrahiMsA-dharma kA udyota digdiganta meM vyApta ho jAya, pratyeka ( 43 )

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mAnava vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanA se prota-prota hokara sva-para ke kalyANa meM nirata rahe / isa tathya kA sAkSI hai prAcArya prabhava dvArA apane uttarAdhikArI ke sambandha meM arddharAtri ke samaya cintana, yajJAnuSThAna meM nirata brAhmaNa, sadgRhastha sayyaMbhava kA cayana, prativodhana, dIkSaNa, adhyApana aura prAcArya pada para manonayana / ' prAcArya prabhava ke prAcArya kAla meM zramaNa saMgha bar3A vizAla thaa| unake suvizAla ziSya samUha meM aneka zramaNa dvAdazAMgI ke pAraMgata aura caturdaza pUrvadhara hoMge para tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM meM apane pazcAt prAcAryapada ke liye jina prakRSTa guNoM kI AvazyakatA thI, ve guNa prAcArya prabhava ne gRhastha sayyaMbhava brAhmaNa meM pAye aura unhoMne prAcArya pada ke liye apane dIkSAvRddha, jJAnavRddha aura vidvAn ziSyoM meM se kisI ko na cunakara unase pazcAd dIkSita Arya sayyaMbhava ko cunaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA apane dharmasaMgha ke saMcAlana ke liye jo praNAlI nirdhArita kI gaI vaha eka aisI sundara, suniyojita, sahaja suvyavahArya, samIcIna, zreyaskara evaM svastha sAMkuza ekatantrI paramparA thI, jisameM saMgha ke sarvopari adhinAyaka prAcArya ke prati agAdha zraddhA aura pUrNa vizvAsa ke uparAnta bhI usameM pUrvAgraha vihIna unmukta cintana ke liye pUrNa avakAza thA / vicAra svAtantrya ke liye dvAra unmukta the / nirNaya se pUrva usa kArya ke praucityAnaucitya ke sambandha meM apanA-apanA abhimata prakaTa karane kA saMgha ko pUrNa adhikAra thaa| yadi saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to vaha saMgha ke aMkuza sahita eka aisI ekatantrIya zAsana praNAlI thI, jisameM ekAntikatA athavA niraMkuzatA nAma mAtra ko bhI nahIM thii| saba ke vicAroM ke prati sammAna aura samAdara rakhA jAtA thaa| sAmaSTika rUpa se viveka kI kasauTI para kase jAne ke anantara hI pecIdA praznoM para prAcArya dvArA nirNaya liyA jAtA thaa| sthavira Adi viziSTa zramaNoM ke sudUrastha pradezoM meM vicaraNa karane kI dazA meM athavA kisI prakAra kI anya aparihArya paristhitiyoM meM jahAM samaSTi kA abhimata liyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hotA usa sthiti meM yadi kisI prAtyantika mahattva ke prazna para prAcArya apanA nirNaya dete to unakA nirNaya sarvopari aura sarvamAnya hotA thaa| tadanantara upayukta avasara upasthita hote hI sAmUhika rUpa se usa para punarvicAra karane kI sthiti meM yadi usa nirNaya meM parivartana karanA anivArya samajhA jAtA to nissaMkoca bhAva se prAcArya kI vidyamAnatA meM prAcArya dvArA aura prAcArya ke divaMgata ho jAne kI dazA meM zramaNa saMgha dvArA usa nirNaya meM Avazyaka parivartana bhI kara diyA jAtA thaa| kintu isa prakAra kI paristhitiyAM kAdAcitka hI hotI thI kyoMki saMghahita ko sadA lakSya meM rakhane vAle dUradarzI AcArya pratyeka kArya ke praucityAnaucitya para pUrI taraha vicAra karane ke pazcAt hI niHsvArtha, nirlepa evaM nirmoha bhAva se nirNaya lete the| ' prastuta grantha, pR. 312-314

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prAcArya apane ziSya varga meM se yogya ziSyoM ko aneka prakAra se parIkSAeM lekara mana hI mana sarvataH sarvAdhika suyogya ziSya ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM cuna kara use svAjita samasta jJAna kI zikSA pradAna karate aura anta meM apanI prAyu-samApti se pUrva hI samasta saMgha ke samakSa use apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara diyA karate the| jahA~ isa prakAra ke uttarAdhikArI niyukta karane jaise prAtyantika mahatva ke prazna para zramaNavarga evaM saMgha meM matavabhinya kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI vahA~ para prAcArya kisa prakAra apane zramaraNa samUha aura saMgha kA pUrNataH paritoSa aura samAdhAna karate the, isakA eka bar3A sundara udAharaNa zvetAmbara paramparA ke vAGmaya meM upalabdha hotA hai| ghaTanA vIra ni0 saM0 567 kI hai / anuyogoM ke pRthakakartA mahAna AcArya rakSita apane aneka ziSyoM ke sAtha dazapura nagara ke bAhara apane dIkSAsthala ikSugraha meM Thahare hue the| cAturmAsAvAdhi meM apanI Ayu kA antima samaya samIpa samajha kara apane ziSya-samUha evaM saMgha ke samakSa apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta karane ke sambandha meM vicAra-vimarza kiyaa| Arya rakSita apane aneka suyogya ziSyoM meM se kevala durbalikA puSyamitra ko hI apane uttarAdhikArI prAcArya pada ke liye yogya samajhate the para unake ziSya samUha meM se katipaya muni aura saMgha ke kucha pramukha vyakti phalgurakSita ko tathA kucha muni aura saMgha ke pramukha vyakti goSThAmAhila ko prAcArya pada kA uttarAdhikArI banAye jAne ke pakSa meM the| uttarAdhikArI kI niyukti ke prazna para apane ziSyasamUha aura saMgha meM matabheda dekhakara bhI Arya rakSita saMghahita ko sarvopari samajha apane mahAn pAvana uttaradAyitva ke nirvahana meM kRtasaMkalpa rhe| prazna vastutaH var3A jaTila thaa| Arya phalgurakSita bar3e hI pratibhAzAlI vidvAn zramaNa aura prAcArya rakSita ke choTe sahodara the| unhoMne kizorAvasthA meM apane jyeSTha bhrAtA rakSita ke kevala eka iMgita mAtra para zrAmaNya aMgIkAra kara saMsAra ke samakSa mahAn tyAga aura bhrAtRsneha kA apUrva Adarza prastuta kiyA thaa| bahamata phalgurakSita ke pakSa meM thaa| goSThAmAhila bhI bar3e tArkika aura vidvAna muni the| uttarAdhikAra ke isa prazna ke upasthita hone se kucha samaya pUrva hI saMgha kI prArthanA para unhoMne Arya rakSita kA Adeza pA mathurA meM durdAnta prakriyAvAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara dharma ko mahatI prabhAvanA karane ke sAtha sAtha bar3A yaza ajita kiyA / ataH gopThAmAhila kA pakSa bhI paryApta rUpeNa sabala thaa| parantu AcArya rakSita apane sahodara phalgurakSita aura goSThAmAhila kI apekSA durbalikApuSyamitra ko prAcArya pada para niyukta kiye jAne kI dazA meM saMgha kA sarvatomukho vikAsa, hita aura ujjavala bhaviSya dekha rahe the| apane sammukha upasthita samasyA kA ve isa prakAra kA hala nikAlanA cAhate the, jisase saMgha ke bhAvI utkarSa evaM ujjvala bhaviSya meM kicitmAtra bhI kora-kasara na rahe aura sabhI pakSoM kA pUrNa saMtoSaprada samAdhAna ho jAya / prAcArya rakSita ne bar3I hI sUjha-bUjha se kAma kiyaa| unhoMne upasthina ziSya samUha aura ( 45 )

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saMgha-mukhyoM ko sambodhita karate hue pUchA-"yadi hama logoM ke sAmane tIna ghar3e rakhe jAyeM jo kramazaH ur3ada, tela aura ghRta se bhare hoN| una tInoM ko kramazaH pRthakapRthaka tIna rikta par3oM meM uMDela diye jAne para unameM ur3ada, tela aura ghRta kitanIkitanI mAtrA meM pravaziSTa raheMge ?" sabhI ne eka svara meM uttara diyA- ur3ada ke ghar3e meM eka bhI dAnA pravaziSTa na rhegaa| tela ke ghar3e meM kucha tela aura ghI ke ghar3e meM tela kI apekSA adhika mAtrA meM ghRta avaziSTa raha jaaygaa| prAcArya rakSita ne nirNAyaka svara meM kahA - "ur3ada ke ghar3e kI taraha maiM apanA samasta jJAna (dvAdazAMgI evaM saMgha saMcAlana kA jJAna) durbalikA puSyamitra meM uMDela cukA huuN| mere zeSa saba ziSyoM kI sthitighRta-ghaTa aura tela-ghaTa tulya hai| jisa prakAra telapUrNa evaM ghRtapUrNa ghar3e ko eka bAra anya ghar3e meM uMDela diye jAne ke manantara bhI nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM tela aura ghRta avaziSTa raha hI jAtA hai, usI prakAra durbalikA puSyamitra ko chor3a kara zeSa ziSya mere sampUrNa jJAna ko grahaNa nahIM kara sake haiN|" mahAn dharma prabhAvaka evaM ananya upakArI dharmAcArya ke saMghahitakaniSTha Antarika udgAroM ko sunate hI tatkSaraNa samasta saMgha kA samyakapeNa samAdhAna ho gayA, sabhI matabheda samApta ho gaye, sabhI pakSoM ko pUrNa saMtoSa hamA aura tatkAla zramaNa samUha aura samasta saMgha ne sarva sammati se durbalikA puSyamitra ko prArya rakSita ke uttarAdhikArI prAcArya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| bhaviSya ne bhI siddha kara diyA ki prAcArya rakSita kA nirNaya vastutaH bar3A dUradarzitA pUrNa, sarvathA upayukta, samIcIna evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI bhAvI saMkaTa se rakSA karane vAlA thaa| prAcArya rakSita ke svarga yamana ke kucha hI samaya pazcAta muni goSThA mAhila jaba utsUtra prarUpaka sAtavAM nihnava banA aura prAcArya durbalikA puSyamitra ne prArya rakSita dvArA pradatta divya prAdhyAtmika zakti ke bala para goSThA mAhila jaise zAstrArtha kuzala durjeya tArkika ko samasta saMgha ke samakSa hataprabha kara prabhU mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM evaM saMgha ke prati jana-mAnasa meM samAdara kI abhivRddhi kI to dharma saMgha ke pratyeka sadasya ke mukha se yahI udgAra nikale - "mArya rakSita vastutaH mahAn bhaviSya-draSTA the| unakA nirNaya pratIva adbhuta, sarvathA upayukta aura bar3A dUradarzitApUrNa thA, jo unhoMne sarvataH sakSama-samartha durbalikA puSyamitra ko apanA uttarAdhikArI bnaayaa| yadi hama logoM ko prasanna rakhane ke liye saMghahita kI upekSA kara goSThAmAhila ko prAcArya pada kA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara dete to prabhu ke vizva kalyANakArI dharma saMgha kA kitanA bar3A ahita hotaa| koTi-koTi praNAma haiM una divaMgata mahAn dUradarzI prAcArya ko|" ___ isa prakAra kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM se yaha bhalI-bhAMti, pramANita hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane dharma saMgha ke saMcAlana ke liye jo, saMgha ke aMkuza ' prastuta, grantha, pR0 568-602

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sahita ekatantrIya zAsana praNAlI nirdhArita kI, usameM isa prakAra kI vyavasthAeM kI gaI thI ki una vyavasthAoM ko kAryAnvita karate rahane para vaha sadA nirdoSa aura pUNa svastha paramparA banI rahe / usa vyavasthA meM saMgha ke saMrakSaNa, utkarSa prAdi ke liye pUrNataH uttaradAyI evaM sAMkuza sarva sattA sampanna jo prAcArya pada rakhA, usa pada para niyukti kA prAdhAra nirvAcana ke sthAna para manonayana rakhA gyaa| saMgha saMcAlana kI isa prakAra kI ekatantrI praNAlI meM kabhI kisI prakAra kA doSa prAne kI saMbhAvanA taka na rahe, isa uddezya se usI zramaNa ko prAcArya pada para manonIta athavA adhiSThita karane kA kar3A vidhAna kiyA gayA, jisameM nimnalikhita yogyatAeM hoM : __jo svayaM pUrNa prAcAravAn, dUsaroM se vizuddha prAcAra kA paripAlana karavAne vAlA, saMgha meM pUrNa anuzAsana rakhane kI kSamatA vAlA, zramaNa samUha ko talasparzI tattvajJAna evaM prAgama vAcanA dene meM sakSaya, sAdhaka varga ko AdhyAtmika utkarSa kI ora uttarottara agrasara karate rahane kI asAdhAraNa yogyatA vAlA, janmajAta medhAvI, sarvAtizAyI proja-teja-pratibhA-prabhAvasampanna vyaktitva kA dhanI, dhIra-vIra-gambhIra, saMskAra sampanna, puNyAtmA, prAtmajayI, niSkalaMka jAtikula-svabhAvasampanna evaM nizchala prakRti kA ho| jaisA ki prArya prabhava evaM prArya rakSita ke uparilikhita ullekhoM se spaSTa hai vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt samaya-samaya para prAcAryoM ne aura caturvidha saMgha ne kisI bhI zramaraNa ko prAcArya pada para adhiSThita athavA manonIta karate samaya apane gurutara uttaradAyitva kA nirvahana karate hue uparilikhita yogyatAnoM se sampanna sarvAdhika yogya zramaNa ko hI prAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyaa| matabhinya kI sthiti meM athavA anya prAtyantika mahatva ke avasaroM para prAtmArthI prAcAryoM ne samasta saMgha kA vizvAsa saMpAdana kara antima nirNaya vahI diyA, jo unheM saMgha evaM samaSTi ke liye hitakara pratIta huaa| jaisA ki phalgurakSita ko uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiye jAne ke prazna se prakaTa hai, unheM unake punIta kartavya ke pAvana uttaradAyitva se na laghusahodara kA sambandha vicalita kara sakA aura na anya nikaTa se nikaTatama sambandha hii| una nirlepa-niSpakSa mahAmanA mahAn prAcAryoM ke suyogya netRtva, dUradarzitApUrNa samucita nirNayoM, uddAtta cAritra aura sahI mArgadarzana kA hI pratiphala hai ki dharmasaMgha kI sAMkuza ekataMtra zAsana praNAlI meM vinAzakArI doSa praveza na pA sake aura Aja sahasrAbdiyAM bIta jAne para bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha eka pratiSThita dharmasaMgha ke rUpa meM prakSuNNa aura majasra dhArA ke pravAha kI taraha calA A rahA hai / jaba taka prAcAryoM ne saMgha ke prati uttaradAyI rahate hae saMghahita ke apane mahAn uttaradAyitva kA saccAI ke sAtha niSpakSa aura nirlepa raha kara nirvahana kiyA taba taka saMgha abhivRddha evaM samunnata hokara uttarottara AdhyAtmika utkarSa kI ora agrasara hotA rhaa| ( 47 )

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kAlAntara meM jyoM-jyoM kAla-prabhAva se prAcAryoM ke apane pavitra uttara. dAyitvoM kA nyAya evaM saccAI pUrvaka nirvahana karane meM zaithilya pAne lagA, punIta kartavya kI bhAvanA zanaiH zanaiH vilupta hone lagI, dharma saMgha ke hitArtha diye gaye adhikAroM kA upayoga kevala apanI mahAnatA aura svAmitva ko pradarzita karane mAtra ke liye kiyA jAne lagA, tyoM-tyoM anuzAsana zithila tathA dharma saMgha vikIrNa evaM kSINa hotA gayA / para sobhAgya se samaya-samaya para aneka mahAna vibhUtiyAM una dudinoM meM ubhara kara Age aaiiN| unhoMne ghorAtighora kaSTa saha kara bhI aneka bAra kriyoddhAra kiye| una mahAn AtmAoM ke tyAga kA hI phala hai ki aneka parivartanoM ke uparAnta bhI prAja bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha apane mUla svarUpa ko aparivartita evaM akSuNNa banAye hue hai| uttaravartI kAla meM zramaNa saMgha ke caturdika prasAra, sudUrasya pradezoM meM dharmapracAra kI dRSTi se gaye hue zramaNoM dvArA una kSetroM meM dharmodyota kI pracura saMbhAvanAoM ke kAraNa vahIM vihAra karate rahane ke kAraNa athavA kAlAntara meM choTI-bar3I katipaya mAnyatAoM kA bheda utpanna ho jAne ke samaya prabhAva se apanA pRthakataH eka gaNa ke rUpa meM svatantra astitva banAye rakhane kI bhAvanA ke balavatI bana jAne ke phalasvarUpa zramaraNa saMgha meM kramazaH aneka saMgha, gaNa, gaccha, zAkhA, upazAkhA, kula tathA upakula Adi kA astitva bar3hane lagA aura mukhyataH ve vibhinna saMgha, gaNa, gaccha prAdi apane apane svatantra prAcArya ke netRtva meM dharma kA pracAraprasAra karane lge| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha meM aneka saMghoM, garaNoM tathA gacchoM ke prAdurbhAva ke kAraNa eka hI samaya meM aneka prAcAryoM kI prathA kA pracalana to huprA para una sabhI dharma saMghoM, gaNoM athavA gacchoM ke saMcAlana kI paramparAgata sAMkuza ekatantrI zAsana-praNAlI yathAvat rhii| uttarottara aMkuza meM zaithilya ke atirikta usake mUla svarUpa meM vizeSa parivartana nahIM paayaa| prAja bhI jaina dharma ke sabhI zramaNa saMghoM evaM sampradAyoM kI saMcAlana vyavasthA apane usI purAtana svarUpa sAMkuza ekatantrI vyavasthA-praNAlI ko liye hue hai| nirvANottara kAla meM saMgha vyavasthA kA svarUpa :- yaha to eka nirvivAda aitihAsika tathya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma-saMgha bhArata ke vibhinna dharma saMghoM meM sadA se pramukha, suvizAla tathA bahujana sammata rahA hai| jaina vAGamaya meM nirvANa-pUrvavartI evaM nirvANottarakAla ke aneka aise anya dharmasaMghoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai jo vizAla bhI the aura bahujana sammata bhii| para grAja una dharma saMghoM meM se eka do ko chor3akara zeSa kA nAma ke atirikta koI avazeSa taka bhI avaziSTa nahIM rahA hai| isake viparIta bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha jisa prakAra prabhu mahAvIra ke nirvANa se pUrva eka vizAla, vahajana sammata evaM supratiSThita dharma saMgha ke rUpa meM samIcIna rUpa se calatA rahA, usI prakAra nirvANottara kAla meM bhI calatA rahA / nirvANottara kAla ke 1000 varSa ke itihAsa kA vihaMgamAvalokana karane para to yaha vizvAsa karane ke liye aneka

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pramAraNa upalabdha hote haiM ki jaina dharma sudUravartI pradezoM tathA dezoM meM phailA, phalA. phUlA aura eka lambe samaya taka uttarottara abhivRddhi ko prApta hotA rahA / jahAM anya aneka bar3e-bar3e dharma-saMgha viSama paristhitiyoM meM vizRMkhala evaM saMkrAntikAla kI capeTa se cakanAcUra ho dharAtala se tirohita ho gaye, vahAM jana-dharma prabhu mahAvIra dvArA dI gaI ahiMsA, asteya, acaurya, prabrahmanivRtti aura aparigraha rUpI amara, anamola, mahAn siddhAntoM kI dharohara ko surakSita rakhe hue prAja bhI anavaruddha gati se eka ajastra dhArAmayI saukhya-saritA ke samAna cala rahA hai| kAla prabhAva se yaha dhArA pUrvApekSayA parikSINa to avazya huI hai para usake zivasokhya pradAyI mUla guNa meM kisI prakAra kI kicitmAtra bhI nyUnatA nahIM pA pAI hai| mAjIvaka prabhRti aneka vizAla dharma-saMgha vilupti kI ghora andhakArapUrNa guphA meM vilIna hogye| Aja una dharma saMghoM kA anuyAyI to dUra, cinha taka kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jaina dharma para bhI aneka bAra vipatti ke bAdala maMDarAye, dvAdazavArSikI duSkAliyoM, rAjanayika uthala-puthala, varga vidveSa, dharmAMdhatAjanya gRha kalaha Adi saMkrAntikAla ke aneka daura Aye aura cale gye| aneka dharma saMghoM kA sarvanAza karane vAle ve viplava bhI jaina dharma ko samApta nahIM kara sake / atIta kI una ati-vikaTa saMkaTApanna ghar3iyoM meM bhI jaina dharma kina kAraNoM se apane astitva ko banAye rakhane meM saphala hamA? isa prazna kI gaharAI meM utarane aura khoja karane para isake katipaya prabala kAraNa ubhara kara sAmane pAte haiN| sabase pahalA aura prabala kAraNa to yaha thA ki sarvajJa praNIta dharma hone ke phalasvarUpa isa dharma saMgha kA saMvidhAna sabhI dRSTiyoM se sugaThita aura sarvAMgapUrNa thaa| anuzAsana, saMgaThana kI sthiratA, suvyavasthA, kuzalatA pUrvaka saMgha ke saMcAlana kI vidhA Adi saMgha ke usa saMvidhAna kI apanI apratima vizeSatAeM thiiN| dUsarA mukhya kAraNa thA isa dharma saMgha kA vizvabandhutva kA mahAn siddhAnta, jisameM prANimAtra ke kalyANa kI saccI bhAvanA sannihita thii| ina saba se bar3ha kara isa dharma saMgha kI ghorAtighora saMkaToM meM bhI rakSA karane vAlA thA isa dharmasaMgha ke karNadhAra mahAn prAcAryoM kA tyAga-tapopUta aparimeya prAtmabala / isa prakAra ye 3 pramukha kAraNa the, jinake bala para saghana kAlI megha ghaTAoM ke vicchinna ho jAne para jisa prakAra sUrya punaH apanI prakhara kiraNoM ke pracaNDa teja se jagatI. tala ko prakAzita karane lagatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra jaina dharma-saMgha bhI samaya-samaya para pAye saMkaToM se ubhara kara apane alaukika jJAnAloka se jana-jana ke manamandira aura mukti patha ko prakAzita karatA rhaa| . jaina vAGmaya ke katipaya ati prAcIna prAmANika ullekhoM aura purAtana kAla se calI A rahI pAramparika mAnyatA ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna karane ke aneka kAraNa vidyamAna haiM ki zrutakevalI prAcAya bhadrabAhu ke samaya taka jaina dharmasaMgha kA eka sarvAMgapUrNa evaM ativizAla saMvidhAna vidyamAna thaa| usa saMvidhAna meM saMbhavataH paMca mahAvratadhArI sAdhu-sAdhvI, aNuvratadhArI zrAvana dhAvikA

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varga ke liye hI nahIM apitu saMgha ke prati niSThA-prema rakhane vAle sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa sadasya ke kartavyoM evaM kAryakalApoM ke liye mArga darzaka vidhividhAna thaa| usameM nirdiSTa vidhi ke anusAra isa dharma-saMgha kA pratyeka sadasya apane kartavyoM kA pAlana karate hue apane dAyitvoM kA niSThApUrvaka nirvahana karatA thaa| ___vIra ni0 saM0 160 ke Asa-pAsa pATaliputra meM huI prathama Agama-vAcanA ke samaya dRSTivAda kI rakSArtha saMgha dvArA sAdhuoM ke eka saMghATaka ko bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM nepAla bheja kara unheM medhAvI sAdhunoM ko caudaha pUrvo kI vAcanA dene kI prArthanA karanA, bhadrabAhu dvArA prathamataH saMgha kI prArthanA ko asvIkAra karanA aura antatogatvA bAraha prakAra ke saMbhogaviccheda kI saMghAzA ke samakSa jhuka kara sthUla bhadra adi ko pUrvajJAna kI vAcanA dene ke ullekha' se bhI yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pUrvakAla meM jaina saMgha kA eka sarvAMga sampanna saMvidhAna thA, jisameM zramaNa saMgha kI hI taraha sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA ina cAroM bagoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAle eka jaina saMgha ke kartavyoM evaM dAyitvoM ke sambandha meM spaSTa evaM vizada prAvadhAna the| caturvidha tIrtha kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA isa prakAra kA saMgha viziSTa prakAra ke saMkaTa ke samaya vicAra-vimarza ke pazcAta kisI vikaTa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke liye nirNaya letA thaa| yadi isa prakAra kI vyavasthA saMvidhAna meM nahIM hotI, to na to saMgha hI eka prAcArya ko isa rUpa meM prAjJA dene kA adhikArI ho sakatA thA aura na prAcArya bhadrabAhu hI usa saMghAjJA ko mAnane ke liye bAdhya hote / vaha saMdhAjJA kevala zramaNavarga kI hI ho, yaha bhI ucita pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki bhadrabAhu prAcArya hone ke nAte samasta zramaNa varga ke zAstA ye aura zramaraNa samUha unakA zAsita vrg| zAsita varga zAstA ko prAjJA de, yaha muktisaMgata nahIM lgtaa| vidvAn itihAsajJa isa viSaya meM gaveSaNA kareMge aisI apekSA hai| pahalI prAgama-vAcanA ke samaya ke uparivariNata ullekha ke atirikta pArya vaca kI mAtA dvArA apane putra vaz2a ko punaH use lauTAne ke liye rAjya ke nyAyAlaya meM kI gaI prArthanA, prArya rakSita kA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita karane viSayaka ulajhana jaise aneka prasaMgoM para saMghamukhyoM ke hastakSepa. vicAra vinimaya, sahayoga mAdi ke udAharaNa bhI jaina vAGamaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| inase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki saMghamukhyoM ke bhI paramparA se kucha kartavya, katipaya dAyitva rahe haiM aura unakA ullekha kahIM na kahIM thA, jise mAja kI, bhASA meM saMvidhAna kI saMbhA dI jA sakatI hai| zruta kevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne dRSTivAda ke nauveM pratyAkhyAna pUrva se, zramaNa. saMgha ke liye prAvazyaka vidhi vidhAnoM ko niryaDha-uddhata kara, cuna cuna kara dazAzruta skandha, kalpa, vyavahAra ina tIna cheda sUtroM tathA prAcAra-kalpa (nizIya) ' prastuta grantha, pR. 377 ( 50 )

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ina AgamoM kA nirmANa kiyA' yahI eka sarvasammata aitihAsika ghaTanA isa bAta kA vizvAsa karane ke liye paryApta evaM prabala pramANa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-saMgha kA prAcIna kAla meM eka vizAla evaM prapane prApa meM sarvata: paripUrNa saMvidhAna thA / isa prakAra kI sarvAMgapUrNa samIcIna vyavasthA ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma-saMgha tatkAlIna kramAgata prAcAryoM ke netRtva meM susaMgaThita rUpa se calatA rahA / samaya samaya para aneka pratikUla paristhitiyAM AI, ApatkAlIna sthitiyAM bhI utpanna huI, isa dharma-saMgha para aneka vAra vipattiyoM ke ghane kAle bAdala bhI maMDarAe para dUradarzI apratima pratibhA sampanna, tapodhana prAcAryoM ke kuzala netRtva meM yaha dharma-saMgha susaMgaThita rahane ke kAraNa una parIkSA kI ghar3iyoM meM sadA uttIrNa huA / usane apane astitva ko hI nahIM apitu apanI pratiSThA ko bhI banAye rakhA / - isa dharmasaMgha kI vaha sarvAMgapUrNa evaM chidravihIna suvyavasthA kisa prakAra kI thI ? isa dharmasaMgha kA saMvidhAna kramabaddha evaM pRthak rUpa se ekatra prathita thA athavA prAja jisa prakAra vividha cheda sUtroM, bhASyoM evaM mahAbhASyoM zrAdi meM vikIrNa rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai, usI prakAra vibhinna bhAgamoM meM nihita thA ? Aja zrAgama sAhitya meM mukhyataH kevala zramaNa-zramaraNIvarga kI dainikacaryA, dIkSita hone ke samaya se lekara prAraNotsarga - kAlaparyaMta zramaNa zramaNiyoM ke sabhI uttaradAyitvoM, zrAvazyaka kartavyoM pracAra-vicAra, zrAhAra-vihAra- prAyazcita prAdi ke sambandha meM vidhAna upalabdha hotA hai / zrAvakavarga ke prAcAra-vicAra ke sambandha meM to kucha sthaloM para pratyakSa aura katipaya sthaloM para apratyakSa rUpa meM thor3A bahuta ullekha vidyamAna hai kintu dharmasaMgha ke prati unake dAyitvoM, dharmasaMgha ke prabhyutthAna hetu unake karttavyoM Adi kA kramika evaM vistRta ullekha kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / to vastutaH : zrAvaka zrAvikA varga ke liye bhI isa dharmasaMgha ke pUrvakAlavartI saMvidhAna meM vidhividhAna, kisI prakAra kA nitI nirdeza thA prathavA / nahIM ? sAdhu-sAdhvI varga aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAvarga ke bIca kA bhI koI varga thA athavA nahIM? yadi thA to usakA svarUpa kyA thA aura usa varga ke dAyitva kyA kyA the ? ina saba prAtyantika mahatva ke praznoM ke yatkicit uttara to mAja hameM upalabdha jaina vAGmaya meM khojane para mila jAte haiM para unheM pUrNa saMtoSaprada nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa saMbandha meM gahana zodha ke sAtha-sAtha zAstrIya prAdhAra para jaina saMgha ke saMvidhAna ke nirmANa kI bhI AvazyakatA hai, jo sabhI dRSTiyoM se pUrNa aura spaSTa ho / 1 (ka) vandAmi bhaddavAhu, pAINaM carima sagalasuyanAriMga / suttassa kAragamisi, dasAsukappe ya vavahAre || 1|| (kha) tattocciya NijjUDhaM, bharaNugahaTThAe saMpayajatIgaM / to sutakArago khalu, sa bhavati dasakappa vavahAre / / 11 / / (ga) teraNa bhagavayA prAyAra pakappa-dasA- kappa-vabahArA ya navamapuvyanI saMdabhUtA nijjUr3hA ( 51 ) [ dazAzrutaskandha niryukti ] [ paMcakalpa mahAbhASya ] [ paMcakalpa cUriMNa, patra 1]

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cheda sUtroM meM nirvANottara kAlIna zramaNa saMgha kI vyavasthA kA vistRta rUpa se vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai / dharma saMgha kA zramaNa-zramaNIvarga sudRDha saMgaThana evaM pUrNa anuzAsana meM rahate hue samyag rIti se jJAnArAdhanA tathA sAdhanA kA nirantara-uttarottara vikAsa, dharma kA pracAra-prasAra-prabhAvanA-abhyutthAna aura nirdoSa rUpa se apane saMyama evaM jIvana kA nirvAha kara sake, isa prakAra dharmasaMgha kI vyavasthA sahaja bhAva se samyaka rUpeNa cala sake, isa uddezya se zramaNa saMgha meM nimnalikhita padoM kI vyavasthA kiye jAne ke ullekha sthAnAMga sUtra kI vRtti' evaM vRhatkalpasUtra meM prApta hote haiM : 1. prAcArya, 2. upAdhyAya, 3. pravartaka, 4. sthavira, 5. gagI, 6. gaNadhara, 7. gaNAvacchedaka zramaNa samUha ke samAna zramaNI samUha bhI prAcArya kA hI prAjJAnuvartI rahatA thaa| para zramaNIvarga kI dainandina-vyavasthA samIcInatayA calatI rahe, zramaraNoM tathA zramaNiyoM kA avAMchanIya atisamparka na ho aura samalaiMgikatA ke kAraNa zramariNayoM kI vyavasthA bhI thamaNoM kI apekSA zramaNiyAM suvidhApUrvaka kara sakeM, isa dRSTi se zramaNIvanda ke liye pravartinI mahattarA, sthavirA aura gaNAvacchedikA padoM kI vyavasthA nirdhArita kI gaI hai| ina padoM para adhiSThita kiye jAne vAle mahA zramaNoM kI kAyika, vAcika evaM AdhyAtmika sampadAoM, yogyatAoM, uttaradAyitvoM, punIta kartavyoM aura unake dvArA vahana kiye jAne vAle gurutara kAryabhAra prAdi kA yahAM zAstrIya evaM purAtana AdhAra para saMkSepa meM vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| prAcArya :- bhagavAn-mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM prAcArya (dharmAcArya) kA pada apratima gaurava-garimApUrNa aura sarvopari mAnA jAtA hai| jaina dharma saMgha ke saMgaThana, saMcAlana, saMrakSaNa, saMvarddhana, anuzAsana evaM sarvatomukhI vikAsa-prabhyutthAna kA sAmUhika evaM mukhya uttaradAyitva prAcArya para rahatA hai| samasta dharma saMgha meM unakA Adeza antima nirNaya ke rUpa meM sarvamAnya hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jinavANI kA yathAtathya rUpa se nirUpaNa karane vAle prAcArya ko tIrthakara ke samAna aura sakala saMgha kA netra batAyA gayA hai|' Avazyaka cUrNikAra ne 'prAcArya' zabda kI vyutpatti batAte hue likhA ' myAmAMga sUtra, 4. 3., 323 (vRtti) 2 bRhatkalpa sUtra, 4. 123 3 titthayara samo sUri, samaM jo jiNamayaM payAseI / bhAraNaM mahakkamaMto, so kApuriso na sppuriso|| sa eva bhavasattANaM, vAyubhUe viyAhie / daMseI jo jiragudiTTa, praNuAraNaM jahAhiyaM / / / [gacchAcAra payannA, adhi0 1] ( 52 )

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hai :- "mAG maryAdAbhividhyoH carirgatyarthe, maryAdayA carantItyAcAryA:" prAcAreNa vA carantItyAcAryAH / " prAvazyaka malaya vRtti meM bhI 'prAcArya' zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra ullikhita hai: "cara gati - bhakSaNayoH prAG pUrva prAcaryate kAryAthibhiH sevyate ityAcAryaH, RvarNa vyaMjanANiti / '' bhagavatI rAva kI vRtti meM 'prAcArya' zabda kI vyutpatti batAte hue isa pada kI garimA para nimnalikhita rUpa meM paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai : ___ "pA maryAdayA tadvipayavinayarUpayA caryyante sevyante jinazAsanArthopadezata yA tadAkAMkSibhirityAcAryAH / ukta ca - suttatthaviUlakkharaNa -, jutto gacchassa meDhibhUmo y|| garaNatattivippamukko, atthaM vAei pAyariyo ||tti|| athavA prAcAro jJAnAcArAdi: pnycdhaa| prA maryAdayA vAcAro vihAra, prAcArastatra sAdhavaH svayaM karaNAtprabhAparaNApradarzanAccetyAcAryA: / grAha ca-- athavA mA ISadaparipUrNa ityarthazcArAhairikA ye te prAcArAzcArakalpA ityarthaH. yuktAyuktavibhAganirUpaNanipuraNA vineyA atasteSu sAdhavo ythaavcchaastraarthopdeshktyetyaacaaryaaH|"3 sArAMza yaha hai ki jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita prAgamajJAna ko hRdayaMgama kara use prAtmasAt karane ko utkaNThA vAle ziSyoM dvArA jo vinayAdipUrNa maryAdApUrvaka sevita hoM, unako prAcArya kahate haiN| kahA bhI hai - jo sUtra aura martha-ubhaya ke jJAtA hoM, utkRSTa koTi ke lakSaNoM se yukta hoM, saMgha ke liye meDhi prarthAt prAdhAra stambha ke samAna hoM, jo apane gaNa-gaccha athavA saMgha ko samasta prakAra ke saMtApoM se pUrNataH vimukta rakhane meM sakSama hoM tathA jo apane ziSyoM ko prAgamoM kI gUDhArtha sahita vAcanA dete hoM, unheM prAcArya kahate haiN| jo (grAcArya) pAMca prakAra ke prAcAra arthAt jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapa prAcAra evaM vIryAcAra kA svayaM samyag rUpeNa pAlana, prakAzana prasAraNa tathA upadeza karate haiM aura apane antevAsiyoM se bhI usI prakAra kA pAcaraNa karavAte haiM, unhe prAcArya kahA jAtA hai / rAja praznIya sUtra meM prAcArya ke tIna bheda banAne ke pazcAt kisa prakAra ke prAcArya ke prati kisa taraha kA vinaya vvayahArAdi prazita karate hue karttavyapAlana karanA cAhie-isakA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM sundara ullekha kiyA hai : - "kesIkumAra samaNe padesi rAyaM evaM vayAsi - jANAsi NaM tumheM paesI kevaiyAriyA paNNattA ? hatA-jANAmi tamo pAyariyA / jANAsi raNaM tumhaM 'prAvazyaka malayavatti, dvitIya / 2 bhagavatI sUtra, 1. 1. 1. maMgalAcaraNa (vRtti)

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paesI tesi tiNhaM AyariyANaM kassa kA viNaya paDibattI pauMjiyavvA ? haMtA jAragAmi kalAyariyassa, sippAyariyasya uvalevaraNaM vA samajjaraNaM karejjA, pupphAriNa vA pANAvejjA, maMDAvejjA vA bhoyavejjA vA viulaM jIviyArihaM pIidANaM dalAejjA, puttANaM puttiyaM vAvi vikappejjA / jattheva dhammAyAriyaM pAsejjA tattheva vaMdijjA, raNamasejjA, sakkArejjA, sammAragejjA, kallAraNaM maMgalaM devayaM ceiyaM pajjavAsejjA, phAsuesarigajjeNa asaNapANakhAimasAimeNaM paDilAbhejjA, pADihArieNaM pIThaphalagasejjA saMthArageNaM unimNtijjaa|' arthAt - kezi kumAra zramaNa ke prazna ke uttara meM rAjA pradezI ne kahA kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dharmAcArya ye 3 prakAra ke prAcArya hote haiN| unameM se kalAcArya tathA zilpAcArya RtuoM ke anukUla ubaTana, majjana, puSpa, vastrAbhUSaNAdi, bhojana aura unake jIvanayApana yogya prItidAna se sammAnArha hote haiN| unake putra putriyoM ko bhI isI prakAra sammAnita kiyA jAnA cAhie / ina donoM prakAra ke prAcAryoM kI tulanA meM dharmAcArya atyadhika sammAnArha hote haiM / jahAM kahIM dharmAcArya ke darzana ho jAyaM vahIM unako bhakti bhAva se vaMdana-namaskAra karanA cAhie, unakA hArdika satkAra kara unake prati sammAna prakaTa karanA caahie| he bhagavan ! Apa mahAn kalyANakArI, sarva maMgala svarUpa-maMgala-pradAyI aura pUjanIya haiM - isa prakAra ke bhakti praraNaM prAntarika udgAroM ke sAtha madhura zabdoM se unakI upAsanA ke pazcAt unheM nirdoSa sAtvika prazanapAnAdi kA dAna dekara tastA (pITha phalaka) saMstAraka mAdi Avazyaka vastuoM ko grahaNa karane ke liye nivedana karanA caahie| sAra rUpa meM 'AcArya' zabda ke artha kA pratipAdana nimnalikhita zloka meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : Acinoti ca zAszArthamAcAre sthApayatyapi / svayamAcarate yasmAdAcAryastena kathyate / / arthAt - jo zramaNAgraNI sarvajJapraNIta zAstroM ke artha kA prAcayana - mananapUrvaka saMcayana athavA saMgrahaNa karate haiM, svayaM vizuddha-niraticAra prAcAra kA samyaka rUpeNa paripAlana karate haiM evaM apane ziSya-ziSyAoM tathA bhavya bhaktoM ko prAcAra meM sthApita karate haiM, isI liye unako prAcArya kahA jAtA hai| mahAnizItha, (adhyayana 3) meM prAcArya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra vatAyA gayA hai : "aThThArasa sIlaMga-sahasAhiThiyaM taNU chattIsaivihimAyAraM jaha-ThThiyamagilAe mahati sAraNusamayaM AyaraMtitti vattayaMtitti pAyariyA paramappaNo ya hiyamAyaraMti pAyariyA savvasattasIsagaNAraNaM ca hiyamAyaraMti paayriyaa| pAraNapariccAe viu ' rAjapraznIya sUtra

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puDhavAdiNaM samAraMbha nAyaraMti nArabhaMti NANujANanti pAyariyA suhumAvaraddhevi Na kassaI maraNasAvi pAvamAyaraMtitti vA praayriyaa|"" phira vahIM para prAcArya ke cAra bhedoM ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha bhAvAcArya ko tIrthakara ke samAna samajhane kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yathA "kasyAjJA nAtikramagIyetyadhikRtya goyamA ! caumvihA pAyariyA bhavaMti, taMjahA - nAmAyariyA, ThavaNAyariyA, davvAyariyA, bhAvAyariyA, tattharaNaM je te bhAvAyariyA te titthayarasamA ceva daTThavvA tesi saMtiyAraNaM gAikkamejjA / "3 aMgacUlikA meM AcArya ke tIna bheda batAne ke pazcAt dharmAcAryoM ko unake guNa karmAnusAra cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / "to pAyariyA pnnnntaa| sippAyariyA, kalAriyA, dhammAyariyA / je te dhammAyariyA, paralogahiyaThAe nijjaraTTAe ArAheyavvA / aNNe kalAyariyA, sippAriyAe kaiehi kittabuddhie pArAhiyavve / tatthege dhammAyariyA sovaaykrNddsmaa| baddhAikathatthappayagAhAihiM je suddhasabhAe vakhAriNati te sovaagkrNddsmaa| vesAkaraMDasamA jo rIrI AhAraNa. sarisajIhAvakkhAgaDaMbareNaM aMtaraM suprasAra-virahiyAvi suddha sabhAe jaNaM vimohiti raviti, appAraNaM yutaMsi pAlucca aNatthe pADiti goyama ! gaNaharANaM uvamAe te vesaakrNddsmaa| gAhAvaIkaraMDasamA je samaM samuvasiya-suguruhito saMpatta aMgovaMgAi suttatthesu paricchiyaccheyagaMthA sa-sa. naya-para-samayariNacchayA parovayAra krnnikkbhllicchyaa| jaraNajoga vihIe aNuprogaM kariti te gaahaaviikrNddsmaa| rAyakaraMDasamA-je garagaharA caudasapuvivaraNo vA ghaDAo ghaDasayaM, pahAyo paDasayaM iccAI vihAI sayasamarigayA te rAyakaraMDasamA / gAhAvaI karaMDasamAraNe, rAyakaraMDasamANe do vie Ayarie titthayara smaanne|" digambara paramparA ke khyAtanAmA vidvAn prAcArya vIrasena ne SaTakhaNDAgama ke pAdimaMgala paMcaparameSThi-maMtra ke tImare pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'dhavalA' meM prAcArya zabda kI paribhASA nimnalikhita rUpa meM kI hai : ___"gaNamo pAyariyAga - pacavidhamAcAraM carati cArayatItyAcAryaH caturdazavidyAsthAnapAragaH ekAdazAMgadhara: AcArAMgadharo vA tAtkAlikasvasamayaparamamayapArago vA meruriva nizcala: kSitiriva sahiSNuH sAgara iva bahiH kSiptamala: maptabhayavipramuktaH-prAcAryaH / ".. prAcArya zabda kI uparyakta paribhASA dene ke pazcAt prAcArya vIrasena ne prAcArya ke svarUpa aura usake liye Avazyaka anupama guNoM para vizada prakAza DAlane vAlI nimnalikhita tIna gAthAeM uddhata kI haiM :' mahAnizItha, pra0 3 2 mahAnizIya, pra. 1 3 aMga cUlikA ( 55 )

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pavavaraNa jala hi - jaloyara, pahAyAmala-buddhi-suddha-chAvAmo / meruvva rigappakaMpo, sUro paMcAgaraNo vajjo ||26|| desa-kula- jAi suddho, somaMgo saMga-bhaMga vimmukko / gayaraNavva riruvalevo, prAiriyo eriso hoI ||30|| saMgraha - guggaha- kusalo, suttattha-visAra pahiya- kitI / sAraNa-vAraNa-sohaNa, kiriyujjutto hu grAiriyo / / 311 / / . prAcAryoM kA gurutama upakAra :- prastuta khaNDa meM jina zrAcAryoM kA pAvana itivRtta prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai, unakA saMsAra ke prANimAtra para itanA gurutama upakAra hai ki unake dvArA kiye gaye mahAn upakAra ke prati grAbhAra prakaTa karane meM na lAkhoM lekhaniyAM hI sakSama haiM dhaura na sahasroM jihvAeM evaM saMsAra ke samasta zabdakoza hI / Aja se lagabhaga 2530 varSa pUrva nikhila vizvaikavandhu zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sampUrNa saMsAra ke jar3a, cetana, rUpI grarUpI, cara-gracara jIvAjIvAdi kAlayavartI samasta bhAvoM kA hastAmalaka ke samAna sakala evaM yugapad sAkSAtkAra karAne vAle kevalAloka kI upalabdhi ke pazcAt saMsAra sAgara ke setu rUpa dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kiyA / lagabhaga 30 varSa taka prabhu apane pramodha upadezAmRta se prANimAtra kA kalyANa aura bhavyoM kA uddhAra karate rahe / prabhu ke nirvANa pazcAt kI kramabaddha prAcArya paramparA meM hue tyAgI tapasvI AcAryoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI divya-jJAna kI jyoti ko apane apane prAcArya-kAla meM anavarata adhyayana, adhyApana, pravacana- prakhyApana evaM gahana cintanamanana ke sneha se siMcita kara prakSuNNa zrakhaNDita vanAye rkhaa| isI kAraNa niryuktikAra mahAn naimittika prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne una zrAcAryoM ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM usa dIpaka kI upamA dI hai, jo svayaM prakAzita hote hue zrauroM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai aura jisase anya saikar3oM sahasroM dIpa pradIpta kiye jA sakate haiM jaha dIvAdIvasayaM paMIppae, so ya dIppae dIvo / dIva samA AyariyA, appaM ca paraM ca dIvaMti / / ' vIra nirvAraNa ke pazcAt hue ina parama paropakArI prAcAryoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sakala bhUta-hitAnukampAmayI vANI ko na kevala prakSuNNa banAye rakhA zrapitu apane apane samaya meM use nagara-nagara Dagara-Dagara meM jana-jana taka pahu~cA kara gaNita logoM ko samyaktva pradAna kara prANimAtra para kitanA var3A upakAra kiyA hai, isakA anumAna prAcArya haribhadra ke nimnalikhita padoM se lagAyA jA sakatA hai : sayalamatri jIva loe, teNa iha ghosizro zramAdhAmro / ikka vi jo duhataM, sattaM bohei jiraNa vayaNe ||32|| 9 zrAcArAMga niryukti, gAthA 8 ( 56 )

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sammatta dAyagANaM, duppaDiyAraM bhavesu bahuemu / savvaguNa miliyAhi vi, uvayArasahassakoDIhiM / / 3 / / arthAt-jo satpuruSa, dukhArta kisI eka bhI jIva ko pratibodhita kara vItarAga vANI meM usakI zraddhA utpanna karatA hai to aisA samajhanA cAhie ki usa satpuruSa ne sampUrNa jIva loka meM pramAri (abhaya) kI ghoSaNA karavA dii| kyoMki vaha samyaktvadhArI jIva pUrNa ahiMsaka vanakara prANimAtra ko abhayadAna dene vAlA hotA hai| samyaktva pradAna karane vAle satpuruSa ke isa mahAn upakAra se vaha jIva aneka janmoM taka karoDoM prakAra ke upakAra kara ke bhI uRNa nahIM ho sktaa| dasaNabhaTro bhaTro na ha bhaTTho hoi caraNapanbhaTTho / daMsaraNamaNupattassa hu, pariyaDaraNaM nasthi saMsAre / / dasaNabhaTTo bhaTTho, dasaNa bhaTrassa natthi NibbAraNaM / sijhaMti caraNa rahiyA, daMsaraNa rahiyA na sijhaMti / / ina prAcAryoM ne pravacana ko surakSita rkkhaa| pravacana ke abhyAsa se samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai : meruvba NippakaMpaM gaTThaTThamalaM timUDha ummukkaM / sammadaMNamaNuvamamuppajjai pavayaNabbhAsA / / dazAzruta skandha sUtra meM prAcArya kI vizeSatAoM kA vistAra meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / vahAM prAcArya kI pATha sampadAyeM batalAI gaI haiM, jo nimnAMkita haiN|' 1. prAcAra-sampadA 4. vacana-sampadA 7. prayoga-sampadA tathA 2. zruta-sampadA 5. vAcanA-sampadA 8. saMgraha-sampadA 3. zarIra-sampadA 6. mati-sampadA prAcAra-sampadA prAcAra-pravaNatA AcArya kA mukhya guNa hai| prAcArya zabda bhI prAyaH isI AdhAra para niSpanna hayA hai| prAcAra-sampadA meM isI prAcAra pakSa kA vizleSaNa hai, jisake cAra bheda kahe gaye haiM : 1. saMyama dhvayoga yuktatA-saMyama ke sAtha prAtmA kA dhra va yA avicala sambandha saMyama-dhra vayoga kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya saMyama dhra vayogI hote haiN| ve apanI saMyama-sAdhanA meM sadA aDiga rahate haiN| ____2. prasaMpragRhItAtmatA - jise jAti, pada, tapa, vaiduSya prAdi kA mada yA ahaMkAra hotA hai, use saMpragahItAtmA kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya nirahaMkAra hote haiM jo garimAyeM unheM prApta haiM, unakA jarA bhI mada unheM nahIM hotaa| phalataH ve krodha, mAnasika ' dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 2 ( 57 )

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uttApa mAdi se mukta hote haiN| prataH ve prasaMpragRhItAramA kahe jAte haiN| arthAt unako mAtmA ahaMkAra, mada evaM krodha Adi se jakar3I nahIM rhtii| 3. aniyatavRttitA-jinakA pAhAra, vihAra niyata yA pratibaddha hotA hai, unase vizuddha prAcAramaya jIvana bhalI bhAMti sadha nahIM paataa| aneka prakAra kI prauddezikatA kA jur3anA vahAM sambhAvita hotA hai, jo nirdoSa saMyama-pAlana meM bAdhaka hai / prataH prAcArya aniyata - vRtti hote haiM / zAstrIya prAcAra-paramparA ke anurUpa unakA prAcAra apratibaddha hotA hai| 4. sazIlatA - yuvA aura ciradIkSita na hone para bhI prAcArya meM vayovRddha aura dIkSA-maryAdA meM jyeSTha zramaNoM jaisA zIla, saMyama, niyama, cAritra prAdi pAlane kI vizeSatA hotI hai / ataH ve vRddhazIla kahe jAte haiN| vRddhazIla kA prAzaya yoM bho ho sakatA hai - prAcArya vRddha yA roga mAdi ke kAraNa jo vRddha kI taraha prazakta ho maye haiM, una zramaraNoM kI sevA yA suvyavasthA meM sadA jAgarUka rahate haiN| bhuta-sampadA zruta-sampadA kA bhI cAra prakAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| :1. bahuzrutatA 3. vicitr-shruttaa| 2. paricita-zrutatA 4. ghoSavizUddhikAritA 1. bahubha tatA- prAcArya bahuzruta hote haiM / ve apane samaya meM upalabdha prAgama samyakatayA jAnate haiN| apane samaya-siddhAnta yA zAstroM ke atirikta parasamaya anya zAstroM ke bhI vettA hote haiN| yoM unakA zruta-zAstrIya jJAna bahuta vistIrNa mora vyApaka hotA hai| 2. paricita bhUtatA- prAcArya prAgamoM ke rahasyavit-marmajJa hote haiN| ve sUtra paura artha - donoM ko bhalI-bhAMti prAtmasAt kiye hue hote haiN| unameM krama seprAdi se anta taka aura utkrama se -- anta se Adi taka dhArA-pravAha rUpa meM sUtravAcana kI kSamatA hotI hai| saMkSepa meM prAzaya yaha hai ki prAgoM kA unheM ciraparicaya, sUkSma paricaya aura samyak paricaya hotA hai| 3. vicitra-tatA - prAcArya bahuzruta ke sAtha vicitrazruta bhI hote haiM / unake dvArA adhikRta zruta aneka vicitratAyeM yA vibhinnatAyeM lie hotA hai| prAcArya ko jIva, mokSa prAdi sUkSma viSayoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAle vividha prAgamoM kA antaHsparzI jJAna hotA hai| ve utsarga, apavAda Adi vibhinna pakSoM ko vizada rUpa se jAnate haiN| jisa prakAra apane siddhAntoM kA aMga-pratyaGga unheM abhigata hotA hai, usI prakAra anya darzanoM ke siddhAntoM kA bhI unheM talasparzI bodha hotA hai| 4. ghoSavizuddhikArakatA - ghoSa kA artha zabda yA dhvani hai| apane pApa meM ' dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 4 - - -

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pralaMkRta satya, priya, hita, parimita tathA prasaMgAnurUpa honA zabda kI suSamA hai| analaMkRtatA, asatyatA, apriyatA, ahitatA, aparimitatA tathA aprAsaMgikatA zabda ke doSa haiN| inake varja se ghoSa yA zabda vizuddha kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya kI yaha sahaja vizeSatA hotI hai| ve sundara, satya, priya, hita, parimita aura prasaMgAnurUpa zabda bolate haiM / zruta-sampadA ke antargata yaha unakA zabda-sauSThava hai / zarIra-sampadA zarIra-sampadA yA zArIrika supThutA bhI cAra' prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai| 1. pAroha pariNAha sampannatA, 3. sthirasaMhananatA tathA 2. anavatrApyazarIratA, 4. bahupratipUrNendriyatA 1. pAroha pariNAha sampannatA - deha kI samucita lambAI aura caur3AI ko prAroha pariNAha kahA jAtA hai| apane puNyodaya ke kAraNa prAcArya ke deha kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai| 2. amavatrApyArIratA- pravatrApya kA artha lajjAyogya hai / jo zarIra kurUpa, aMgahIna, ghRNotpAdaka tathA upahAsajanaka hotA hai, vaha avatrApyazarIra kahalAtA hai, jo hIna vyaktitva kA dyotaka hai| prAcArya kA zarIra isa prakAra kA nahIM honA cAhiye / yaha surUpa sAMgopAMga, sundara tathA AkarSaka honA cAhiye / 3. sthirasaMhananatA - prAcArya kA daihika saMhanana - zArIrika gaThana sudRDha honA cAhiye / AcArya para jo saMgha kA bahuta bar3A uttaradAyitva hotA hai, usake nirvAha ... ke lie sudRr3ha, sthira aura sazakta deha kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| tAki anukUlapratikUla paristhitiyoM kA anAkula bhAva se nirvAha kiyA jA ske| 4. bahupratipUrNandriyatA - netra, zrotra, ghrANa prAdi indriyoM kA sarvathA nirdoSa, apane-apane viSayoM ke grahaNa meM sakSama honA bahupratipUrNendriyatA kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya meM isakA honA apekSita hai| sarvendriyaparipUrNatA meM jahAM deha kI prabhAvakatA phalita hotI hai, vahAM usase vyakti kI gambhIratA bhI prakaTa hotI hai| prAcArya meM aisA honA caahie| vacana-sampadA vacana-sampadA cAra prakAra kI kahI gaI hai :1. prAdeyavacanatA 3. anizcita vacanatA 2. madhura vacanatA 4. asandigdha vacanatA 1. prAdeyavacanatA-jo vacana grahaNa karane yogya hotA hai, vaha Adeya vacana kahA jAtA hai| grahaNa karane yogya vahI vacana hotA hai, jisameM upayogitA tathA 'dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, madhyayana 4, sUtra 5 2 dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4 sUtra 6 ( 56 )

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zraddheyatA ho / zrAcArya meM pradeyavacanatA kI vizeSatA honI cAhie, jisase zrotAgaNa unake vacanoM kI ora sahajatayA grAkRSTa hoM, lAbhAnvita hoM / 2. madhuravacanatA - hitakaratA aura upAdeyatA ke sAtha yadi vacana meM madhuratA bhI ho to vaha sone meM sugandha jaisI bAta hai / laukika jana sahaja hI mAdhurya aura preyas kI ora adhika grAkRSTa rahate haiM / yadi uttama bAta bhI madhura yA kaThora vacana dvArA prakaTa kI jAe to sunane vAlA usase bhijakatA hai / mahAn kavi zrora nItivid bhAravi ne isIlie kahA thA hitaM manohAri ca durlabhaM vacaH arthAt aisA vacana durlabha hai, jo hitakara hone ke sAtha sAtha manohara bhI ho / prAcArya meM aisA honA sarvathA vAMchanIya hai / isase unake prAdeya vacanoM kI grAhyatA bahuta adhika bar3ha jAtI hai / 3. pranidhitavacanatA - jo vacana rAga, dveSa yA kisI pakSa vizeSa ke prAgraha para TikA hotA hai, vaha nizrita vacana kahA jAtA hai| vaisA vacana na vaktA ke apane hita ke lie hai aura na usase zrotRgaraNa ko hI kucha lAbha ho sakatA hai| prAcArya nizritavacana prayoktA nahIM hote / ve pranizrita vacana bolate haiM, jisase sarvasAdhAraNa kA hita satA hai, jise saba prAdarapUrvaka aMgIkAra karate haiM / 4. asaMdigdhavacanatA - tathya kA sAdhaka aura tathya kA bAdhaka jo na ho, vaisA jJAna sandeha kahalAtA hai| jo vaMcana usase lipta hai, vaha sandigdha hai| prAcArya sandigdha vacana kA prayoga nahIM karate / vaisA karane se upAsakoM kI zraddhA ghaTatI hai| unakA kisI bhI prakAra se hita nahIM sadhatA / kyoMki vacana ke sandehayukta hone ke kAraraNa ve udhara nAkRSTa nahIM hote phalataH AcArya cAhe vyakta na sahI, avyakta rUpa meM upekSaNIya ho jAte haiM / vAcanA-sampadA vAcanA-sampadA ke nimnAMkita cAra' bheda haiM 1. viditvoddezitA 2. viditvA vAcitA 1. viditvodde zitA - pahale ullekha kiyA gayA hai kiM prAcArya antevAsiyoM ko zruta kI artha vAcanA dete haiM / vAcanA-sampadA meM isI sandarbha meM katipaya mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAyeM batalAI gaI haiN| unameM pahalI viditvoddezitA hai / isakA sambandha adhyetA yA vAcanA lene vAle antevAsI se hai / adhyetA kA vikAsa kisa koTi kA hai, usakI grAhaka zakti kaisI hai, kisa Agama meM usakA praveza sambhava hai. ityAdi pahaluoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara prAcArya zrantevAsI ko par3hAne kA nizcaya karate haiM / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki adhyetA kI kSamatA ko grAMkane kI prAcArya meM vizeSa subha-bUjha hotI hai| dazAtha tarakasya satra adhyayana 4 maMtra 7 c. 3. parinirvApya vAcitA tathA 4. grarthaniryApikatA ( 60 )

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2. viditvA vAcitA - ukta rUpa meM antevAsI kI yogyatA tathA dhAraNA zakti ko grAMka kara use pramANa, naya, hetu, dRSTAMta tathA yuktipUrvaka artha-vAcanA denA viditvA vAcitA hai| ____3. parinirvApya vAcitA - antevAsI adhyApita viSayoM ko asandigdha rUpa se hRdayaMgama kara sakA hai, usakI smati meM ve sthira ho cuke haiM, yaha jAnakara use vAcanA denA parinirvApya vAcitA hai / adhyApayitA ko aisA karanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki yadi pUrva adhyApita viSaya adhyetA yathAvat hRdayaMgama nahIM kara sakA hai to usa ora dhyAna diye binA Age se Age par3hAte jAnA adhyetA ke lie lAbhajanaka nahIM hotA hai| yoM adhyApayitA ko vRthA zrama hotA hai| usakA abhIpsita phala nahIM hotaa| 4. arthaniryApikatA- sUtra-adhyApayitA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki sUtra-nirUpita jIva, ajIva, grAsrava, samvara, nirjarA, bandha, mokSa, prabhRti viSayoM kA use pUrvApara saMgati sahita asandigdha- nirNAyaka vodha ho| utsarga, apavAda Adi kA rahasya use samyaka parijJAta ho| anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa se ye samasta viSaya usa dvArA AtmasAt kiye hue hoN| yaha viSaya kA niryApana hai| prAcArya meM aisA adhyayana-anazIlana honA apekSita hai| apane isa prakAra ke adhyayana krama dvArA antevAsiyoM ko artha kA avabodha karAnA artha niryApikatA hai / yahAM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jahAM kisI kAraNavaza upAdhyAya ke pada kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI yA sUtra-vAcanA kA kArya nahIM calatA, vahAM prAcArya sUtra-vAcanA bhI dete haiN| ve sUtra aura artha donoM kI vAcanA dene ke kAraNa donoM padoM kA uttaradAyitva vahana karate haiN| bhagavatI vRtti' tathA vyavahAra bhASya prAdi meM aise ullekha prApta haiN| itanA hI nahIM, Avazyaka hone para prAcArya anya padoM kA bhAra bhI svayaM le sakate haiM / vastutaH ve sarvAdhikArI hote haiN| mati-sampadA mana kA padArtha viSayaka nirNAyaka vyApAra mati hai / mati-sampadA kA artha buddhi-vaiziSTaya hai| mati-sampadA ke cAra' bheda haiM - 1. avagraha- mati sampadA, 3. avAya-mati sampadA, 2. IhA-mati sampadA 4. dhAraNA-mati sampadA ' prAcAryeNa sahopAdhyAya: - prAcAryopAdhyAyaH, savisayaMsi tti svaviSaye'thaMdAna - satradAnalakSaNaM garaNaM ti ziSyavarga, agilAe ti akhedena saMgRhNan - svIkurvana - upasammayan / - bhagavatI, zataka 5, uddezaka 6, prazna 17 (vRtti) 2 dazAtha tasvandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, mUtra 8

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1. pravAha hA, avAya aura dhAraNA - mati-jJAna ke pariNati-krama ke ye cAra sopAna haiN| sabase pahale jyoM hI indriya kisI padArtha kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai, taba usa (padArtha) kA prati sAmAnya jJAna hotA hai| sAmAnya kA tAtparya usa bodha se hai, jahAM padArtha ke svarUpa, nAma, jAti prAdi kI kalpanA nahIM rahatI, ve anirdiSTa rahate haiN| vaha manaHsthiti avagraha kahI jAtI hai| pravagraha kI prazasta kSamatA kA honA avagraha sampadA hai| prAcArya meM sahaja hI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai| 2. IhA mati-sampadA- avagraha meM jJeya padArtha viSayaka aspaSTa manaH sthiti rahatI hai| taba nizcoyanmukha jijJAsA kA spandana hotA hai| mana tadanurUpa ceSTonmukha banatA hai| avagraha dvArA gahota svarUpAdi ke vaizada se rahita ati sAmAnya jJAna ke pazcAt vizeSa jJAna kI ora IhA, mananAtmaka ceSTA, jJAna kI nirNIta sthiti kI aura bar3hate krama kA rUpa hai| aisI udAtta sphuraNA kA honA IhA-sampadA kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya isase yukta hote haiN| 3. pravAya-mati sampA- IsA kA uttaravartI krama avAya hai| IhA ceSTAtmaka hai, avAya nizcayAtmaka nirNaya / padArtha ke sAdhaka aura bAdhaka pramANa yA guNAguNa vizleSaNa ke mAdhyama se jo nizcita manaH sthiti banatI hai, vaha avAya hai| rajjU aura sarpa ke udAharaNa se ise samajhA jA sakatA hai / aMdhere meM sahasA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA ki jijJAsita padArtha sarpa hai yA rjjuu| jaba sAdhaka pramANa dvArA yA spaSTatA karane vAle hetu dvArA yaha nizcita rUpa se avagata ho jAtA hai ki yaha rajjU hai, taba avAya kI sthiti A jAtI hai| avAya taka sUkSmatApUrvaka pahuMcanA yA yathAvat avAyAtmaka - nizcayAtmaka sthiti abhigata kara lene kI viziSTa kSamatA pravAya-sampadA ke nAma se abhihita hotI hai, jo prAcArya meM svabhAvataH honI caahiye| 4. dhAraNA mati sampadA - avAya-krama meM jJAna jisa nizciti meM pahuMcatA hai, usakA TikanA, sthira rahanA, smaraNa rahanA dhAraNA hai| ise vAsanA yA smRti bhI kahA jAtA hai / yaha saMskArAtmaka hai| mana ke smati-paTa para usa jJAna kA eka bhAvAtmaka rUpa aMkita ho jAtA hai| dUsare kisI samaya vaise padArtha ko dekhate hI pahale ke padArtha kI smRti jAga uThatI hai| yaha jAgane vAlI smati usI saMskAra kA phala hai, jo usa padArtha ke matyAtmaka manana-krama meM mana para aMkita ho gayA thaa| dhAraNA, vAsanA yA smati kA vaiziSTya yA vaibhava dhAraNA-matisampadA hai| prAcArya isake dhanI hone caahiye| jisakI mananAtmaka kSamatA jitanI adhika vikasita hotI hai, . use mati ke isa utthAna krama meM utanA hI vaiziSTya prApta rahatA hai| prAcArya meM yaha kSamatA apanI vizeSatA liye rahanI cAhiye / udAtta vyaktitva kI dRSTi se prAcArya ke lie aisA honA Avazyaka bhI hai|

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prayoga-sampadA kisI viSaya para prativAdI ke sAtha vAda yA vicAra karanA yahAM prayoga zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / vAda sambandhI vizeSa paTutA yA kuzalatA kA nAma prayoga-sampadA hai / usake nimnalikhita cAra' bheda haiM - 1. apane Apako jAna kara vAda kA prayoga karanA / 2. pariSad ko jAna kara vAda kA prayoga karanA / 3. kSetra ko jAna kara vAda kA prayoga karanA / 4. vastu ko jAna kara vAda kA prayoga karanA / 1. Atma-jJAnapUrvaka vAda kA prayoga - vAdArtha udyata vyakti ke lie yaha zrAvazyaka hai ki pahale vaha apanI zakti, kSamatA, pramANa, naya Adi ke sambandha meM rat yogyatA ko prAM / yaha bhI dekhe ki prativAdI kI tulanA meM usakI kaisI sthiti hai / vaha tatpazcAt vAda meM pravRtta ho| aisA na hone para pratikUla pariNAma zrAne kI prAzaMkA ho sakatI hai| ataH prAcArya meM isa prakAra kI vizeSatA kA honA Avazyaka hai / yoM soca-vicAra kara, apanI kSamatA ko prAMka kara buddhimattApUrvaka vAda meM pravRtta honA pahale prakAra kI prayoga-sampadA hai / 2. pariSad-jJAna pUrvaka vAda-prayoga - jisa pariSad ke bIca vAda hone ko hai, kuzala vAdI ko cAhie ki vaha usa pariSad ke sambandha meM pahale se hI jAnakArI prApta kare ki vaha ( pariSad) gambhIra vattvoM ko samajhatI hai yA nhiiN| yaha bhI jAne ki pariSada kI ruci. vAdI ke apane dhArmika siddhAntoM meM hai yA prativAdI ke siddhAntoM meM / kevala tarka aura yukti-bala dvArA hI prativAdI para sampUrNa saphalatA nahIM pAI jA sktii| jina logoM ke bIca vAda pravRtta hotA hai, unakA mAnasika jhukAva bhI usameM kAma karatA hai / prataeva saphalatA yA pratibAdI para vijaya cAhane vAle vAdI ke lie yaha prAvazyaka hai ki padiSad kI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA ko dRSTi meM rkheN| isa ora soce-vicAre binA vAda meM pravRtta na ho / prAcArya meM isa prakAra kI vizeSa samajha ke sAtha vAda meM pravRtta hone kI sahaja vizeSatA honI cAhiye / 3. kSetra-jJAnapUrvaka vAdaprayoga - jisa kSetra meM vAda hone ko hai, vaha kaisA hai, vahAM ke loga durlabha bodhi haiM yA sulabha bodhi, vahAM kA zAsaka vijJa hai yA praza anukUla hai yA pratikUla - ityAdi bAtoM ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA vAdI ke lie zrAvayayaka hai / yadi loga sulabha bodhi, zAsaka vijJa tathA anukUla hoM to vidvAn vAdI ko saphalatA aura gaurava milatA hai / kSetra kI sthiti isake pratikUla ho to vAdI pratyanta yogya hote hue bhI saphala bana sake, yaha kaThina hai / AcArya meM kSetra ko parakhane kI apanI vizeSatA hotI hai / * dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra ( 63 )

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4. bastu-mAna pUrvaka bAra kA prayoga - vastu kA ardha vAda kA viSaya hai| jisa viSaya para vAda yA vaicArika UhApoha kiyA jAnA hai, vaha vAdI ke dhyAna meM rahanA prAvazyaka hai| usa viSaya ke vibhinna pakSa, usa sambandha meM vividha dhAraNA unakA samAdhAna ityAdi dRSTi meM rakhate hue vAda meM pravRtta honA hitAvaha hotA hai| prAcArya meM yaha vizeSatA bhI honI caahie| saMkSepa meM sAra yaha hai ki prAcArya kA saMgha meM sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| unakI vijaya sAre saMgha ko zobhA hai, unakI parAjaya sAre saMgha kA apamAna / ataH yaha bAMchanIya hai ki prAcArya meM vAda-prayoga sambandhI vizeSatAeM, jinakA ullekha huaA hai, hoN| jisase unakA apanA gaurava bar3he, saMgha kI mahimA phaile| saMgrahaparijJA sampadA __ jaina zramaNa ke jIvana meM parigraha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| vaha sarvathA nipparigrahI jIvana yApana karatA hai| yaha hone para bhI jaba taka sAdhaka sadeha hai, use jIvana-yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie katipaya vastuoM kI apekSA rahatI hI hai| zAstrIya vijJAna ke anurUpa una vastuoM ko grahaNa karatA huprA sAdhaka parigrahI nahIM banatA kyoMki una vastuproM meM usakI jarA bhI mULa yA Asakti nahIM hotii| parigraha kA AdhAra mUrchA yA Asakti hai / yadi apane deha ke prati bhI sAdhaka ke mana meM mUrchA yA prAsakti ho jAe to vaha parigraha ho jAtA hai / prAtmasAdhanA meM lage sAdhaka kA jIvana anAsakta aura amUcchita hotA hai, honA caahie| yahI kAraNa hai ki usa dvArA anivArya AvazyakatAoM ke nirvAha ke lie pramUcchita evaM anAsakta bhAva se apekSita padArthoM kA grahaNa pradUSaNIya hai| saMgraha kA artha zramaNa ke vaiyaktika tathA sAmaSTika saMghIya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka vastuoM kA avalokana, prAkalana hai yA svIkAra hai| vastuoM kI AvazyakatA, samIcInatA, evaM sulabhatA kA jJAna saMgraha-parijJA kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya para saMgha ke saMcAlana, saMrakSaNa evaM vyavasthA kA uttaradAyitva hotA hai ataH unheM isa prora jAgarUka rahanA apekSita hai ki kaba kisa vastu kI AvazyakatA par3a jAe aura pati kisa prakAra sambhava ho| isameM jAgarUkatA ke sAtha-sAtha sUjha-bUjha tathA vyAvahArika kuzalatA kI bhI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| yaha prAcArya kI apanI asAdhAraNa vizeSatA hai| saMgrahaparijJA-sampadA ke cAra' prakAra batAye gaye haiM - 1. kSetra pratilekhanAparijJA 3. kAla sammAna parijJA tathA 2. prAtihArika avagraha parijJA 4. guru saMpUjanAparijJA 1. kSetra pratilekhanAparijA- sAdhuoM ke pravAsa aura vihAra ke sthAna kSetra kahe jAte haiN| jaina zramaNa varSA Rtu ke cAra mahIne eka hI sthAna para Tikate haiM, 'dasAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 10

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kahIM vihAra-yAtrA nahIM krte| ise cAturmAsika pravAsa kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta ve jana-jana ko dharmopadeza yA adhyAtma-preraNA dene ke nimitta ghUmate rahate haiN| roga, vArdhakya, daihika azaktatA Adi apavAdoM ke atirikta ve kahIM bhI eka mAsa se adhika nahIM Thaharate / cAturmAsika pravAsa ke lie kaunasA kSetra kaisA hai, sAdhu-jIvana ke lie apekSita niravadya padArtha kahA~ kisa rUpa meM prApya haiM, asvastha sAdhuoM kI cikitsA, pathya, pAhAra grAdi kI sulabhatA, jalavAyU va nivAsa-sthAna kI anakalatA Adi bAtoM kA dhyAna prAcArya ko rahatA hai| cAturmAsika pravAsa meM isa bAta kA aura adhika mahatva hai| varSa bhara meM varSAvAsa ke antargata hI zramaNoM kA eka sthAna para sabase lambA pravAsa hotA hai| adhyayana, cikitsA Adi kI dRSTi se vahA~ yatheSTa samaya milatA hai| isalie ina bAtoM kA vicAra bahuta Avazyaka hai| dharma-prasAra kI dRSTi se bhI kSetra kI gaveSaNA kA mahatva hai| yadi kisI kSetra ke logoM ko adhyAtma meM rasa hai to vahA~ bahuta loga dharma bhAvanA se anuprANita hoMge, dharma kI prabhAvanA hogii| 2. prAtihArika pravagraha-parikSA - zramaraNa apanI aAvazyakatA ke anusAra do prakAra kI vastueM lete haiN| prathama koTi meM ve vastue~ pAtI haiM, jo sampUrNatayA upayoga meM lI jAtI haiM, vApisa nahIM lauTAI jAtI, jaise -- anna, jala auSadhi prAdi / dUsarI ve vastue~ haiM, jo upayoga meM lene ke bAda vApisa lauTAI jAtI haiM, unheM prAtihArika kahA jAtA hai| prAtihArika kA zAbdika artha bhI isI prakAra kA hai| pITha, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka Adi isa koTi meM pAte haiM / prAcArya ke darzana tathA unase adhyayana Adi ke nimitta aneka dUsare sAdhu bhI pAte rahate haiN| unake svAgata-satkAra, suvidhA Adi kI dRSTi se jaba jaise apekSita ho, pITha, phalaka, prAsana Adi ke lie prAcArya ko dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| kauna vastu kahA~ prApya hai, yaha dhyAna rahane para AvazyakatA par3ate hI zAstrIya vidhi ke anumAra vaha tatkAla prApta kI jA sakatI hai| usake lie anAvazyaka rUpa meM bhaTakanA nahIM pdd'taa| 3. kAla sammAna parijJA - kAla ke sammAna kA prAzaya sAdhujIvanocita kriyAyoM kA samucita samaya para anuSThAna karanA hai| aisA karanA vyAvahArika dRSTi me jahAM vyavasthita jIvana kA paricAyaka hai, vahA~ prAdhyAtmika dRSTi se jIvana meM imame antaH sthiratA parivyApta hotI hai| kriyAyoM ke yathAkAla anuSThAna ke lie kAla kA sammAna karanA - aimA jo prayoga zAstra meM pAyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki yathAsamaya dhAmika kriyAoM ke sampAdana kA kitanA adhika mahatva rahA hai| prAcArya sAre saMgha ke niyAmaka aura adhinAyaka hote haiN| unake jIvana kA kSaNa kSagaga antevAsiyoM evaM anuyAyiyoM ke samakSa prAdarza ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| usakA una para amiTa prabhAva hotA hai| isalie yathAmamaya mava kriyAeM ( 65 )

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suvyavasthita rUpa meM saMpAdita karanA, usa aura anavarata yatnazIla rahanA AcArya ke lie prAvazyaka hai| 4. guru-saMpUjanA-parimA- jo dIkSA-paryAya meM apane se jyeSTha hoM, una zramaNoM kA vandana, namana Adi dvArA bahamAna karane meM prAcArya sadA jAgarUka rahate haiN| ise ve Avazyaka aura mahatvapUrNa samajhate haiM, aisA karanA guru-saMpUjanA-parijJA hai| prAcArya kI yaha pravatti antevAsiyoM ko bar3oM kA sammAna karane, unake prati Adara evaM zraddhA dikhAne kI ora prerita karatI hai| saMgha ke vAtAvaraNa meM isase sauhArda kA saMcAra hotA hai| phalataH saMgha vikasita aura unnata banatA hai / upAdhyAya jaina darzana jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvita anusaraNa para AdhRta hai| saMyamamUlaka prAcAra kA paripAlana jaina sAdhaka ke jIvana kA jahA~ anivArya aMga hai, vahA~ usake lie yaha bhI apekSita hai ki vaha jJAna kI prArAdhanA meM bhI apane ko tanmayatA ke sAtha jodd'e| sadjJAna pUrvaka prAcarita kriyA meM zuddhi kI anupama suSamA prasphuTita hotI hai| jisa prakAra jJAna-prasUta kriyA kI garimA hai, usI prakAra kriyAnvita yA kriyA-pariNata jJAna kI hI vAstavika sArthakatA hai| jJAna aura kriyA jahAM pUrva aura pazcima kI taraha bhinna dizAoM meM jAte haiM, vahA~ jIvana kA dhyeya sadhatA nhiiN| anuSThAna dvArA ina donoM pakSoM meM sAmaMjasya utpanna kara jima gati se sAdhaka sAdhanA-patha para agrasara hogA, sAdhya ko prAtmasAt karane meM vaha utanA hI adhika saphala bnegaa| jaina-saMgha ke padoM meM prAcArya ke bAda dUsarA pada upAdhyAya kA hai| isa pada kA sambandha mukhyataH adhyApana se hai, upAdhyAya zramaNoM ko sUtra-vAcanA dete haiN| kahA gayA hai : bArasaMgo jiraNakkhAo, sajjhAyo kahiyo buhe| taM uvadisati jamhA, uvajjhAyA teNa vaccaMti / / ' jina pratipAdita dvAdazAMgarUpa svAdhyAya - sUtra-vAGmaya jJAniyoM dvArA kathitavariNata yA grathita kiyA gayA hai| jo usakA upadeza karate haiM, ve (upadezazramaNa) upAdhyAya kahe jAte haiM, yahAM sUtra-vAGmaya kA upadeza karane kA prAzaya AgamoM kI sUtra-vAcanA denA hai| sthAnAMga vRtti meM bhI upAdhyAya kA sUtradAtA (sUtravAcanAdAtA) ke rUpa meM ullekha huaA hai| prAcArya kI sampadAmoM ke varNana-prasaMga meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki AgamoM kI artha-vAcanA prAcArya dete haiN| yahAM jo upAdhyAya dvArA svAdhyAyopa' bhagavatI sUtra, 1. 1. 1 maMgalAcaraNa vRtti 2. upAdhyAya : sUtradAtA / sthAnAMga sUtra, 3. 4. 323 vRtti

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deza yA sUtravAcanA dene kA ullekha hai, usakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sUtroM ke pAThoccAraNa kI zuddhatA, spaSTatA, vizadatA, aparivartyatA tathA sthiratA banAye rakhane ke hetu upAdhyAya pAraMparika va bhASA vaijJAnika prAdi dRSTiyoM se aMtevAsI zramaNoM ko mUlapATha kA sAMgopAMga zikSaNa dete haiM / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM 'pAgamataH dravyAvazyaka' ke sandarbha meM paThana yA vAcana kA vivecana karate hue tatmambandhI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki pATha kI eka akSuNNa tathA sthira paraMparA jaina zramaraNoM meM rahI hai / prAgama-pATha ko yathAvat banAye rakhane meM isase bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| Agama-gAthAoM kA uccAraNa kara denA mAtra pATha yA vAcana nahIM hai| anuyoga dvAra meM pada ke zikSita, jita, sthita, mita, parijita, nAmasama, ghoSasama, ahInAkSara, pratyakSara, avyAviddhAsara, askhalita, amilita, avyatyAgraMDita, pratipUrNa, pratipUrNa-ghoSa tathA kaNThoSThavipramukta vizeSaNa diye gaye haiN|' saMkSepa meM inakA tAtyarya yoM hai - 1. zikSita : sAdhAraNatayA sIkha lenaa| 2. sthita : sIkhe hue ko mastiSka meM ttikaanaa| 3. jita anukramapUrvaka paThana krnaa| 4. mita : akSara grAdi kI maryAdA, saMyojana Adi jaannaa| 5. parijita : anukrama - vyatikrama yA anukrama ke vinA pATha krnaa| 6. nAmasama : jisa prakAra hara vyakti ko apanA nAma smaraNa rahatA hai, usa prakAra sUtra kA pATha yAda rahanA arthAta sUtrapATha ko isa prakAra prAtmasAt kara lenA ki jaba bhI pUchA jAe, yathAvat rUpa meM batalAyA jA ske| 7. ghoSasama : svara ke udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ke rUpa meM jo uccAraNa sambandhI tIna bheda vaiyAkaraNoM ne kiye haiM, unake anurUpa uccAraNa karanA / 8. ahInAcara : pAThakrama meM kisI bhI akSara ko hIna,-lupta yA aspaSTa na kara denaa| 6. anatyakSara : adhika akSara na jodd'naa| 10. avyAviddhAsara : akSara, pada Adi kA viparIta-ulaTA paThana na krnaa| 11. askhalita : pATha meM skhalana na karanA, pATha kA yathA pravAha uccAraNa krnaa| 12. amilita : akSaroM ko paraspara na milAte hae uccAraNIya pATha ke sAtha kinhIM dUsare akSaroM ko na milAte hue uccAraNa krnaa| anuyoga dvAra, sUtra 2 uccarudAttaH / nIcaranudAttaH / samAhAraH svritH| - siddhAnta kaumudI 1. 2. 26-31

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13. avyatyAneDita : anya sUtroM, zAstroM ke pATha ko samAnArthaka jAna kara uccArya pATha ke sAtha milA denA vyatyAneDita hai / aisA na karanA avyatyAneDita hai / 14. pratipUrNa : pATha kA pUrNa rUpa se uccAraNa karanA, usake kisI aMga ko anuccArita na rkhnaa| 15. pratipUrNaghoSa : uccAraNIya pATha kA manda svara, jo kaThinAI se sunAI de, dvArA uccAraNa na karanA, pare svara se spaSTatA se uccAraNa krnaa| 16. kaNThoSThavipramukta : uccAraNIya pATha yA pAThAMza ko gale aura aoThoM meM aTakA kara aspaSTa nahIM volanA / sUtra pATha ko akSuNNa tathA aparivartya vanAye rakhane ke lie upAdhyAya ko sUtra-vAcanA dene meM kitanA jAgarUka tathA prayatnazIla rahanA hotA thA - yaha ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai| lekhanakrama ke astitva meM Ane se pUrva vaidika, jaina aura vauddha sabhI paraMparAgoM meM apane prAgamoM, ArSa zAstroM ke kaNThastha rakhane kI praNAlI thii| mUla pATha kA rUpa akSuNNa banA rahe, parivartamAna samaya kA uma para prabhAva na pAe, isa nimitta una dvArA aise pATha-krama yA uccAraNa-paddhati kA paristhApana svAbhAvika thA, jisase eka se suna kara yA par3ha kara dUsarA vyakti sarvathA usI rUpa se zAstra ko prAtmasAt banAye rakha ske| udAharaNArtha- maMtrapATha, padapATha, jaTApATha Adi ke rUpa meM vedoM ke paThana kA bhI bar3A vaijJAnika prakAra thA, jisane aba taka unako mUla rUpa meM banAye rakhA hai| eka se dUsare dvArA zrati paramparA se prAgama prAptikrama ke vAvajUda jainoM ke prAgamika vAGmaya meM koI parivartana pAyA ho, aisA sambhava nahIM lgtaa| sAmAnyataH loga kaha dete haiM ki kisI se eka vAkya bhI sunakara dUsarA vyakti kisI tIsare vyakti ko batAe to yatkiMcit parivartana pA sakatA hai phira yaha kaba sambhava hai ki itane vizAla prAgama-vAGmaya meM kAla kI isa lambI avadhi ke bIca bhI koI parivartana nahIM pA skaa| sAdhAraNatayA aisI zaMkA uThanA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| kintu prAgama-pATha kI uparyukta paraMparA se svataH samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| jahAM ki mUla pATha kI surakSA ke lie itane upAya pracalita the, vahAM prAgamoM kA mUla svarUpa kyoM nahIM pravyAhata aura aparivatita rhtaa| artha yA abhiprAya kA pAzraya sUtra kA mUla pATha hai| usI kI pRSThabhUmi para usakA pallavana aura vikAsa sambhava hai / ataeva usake zuddha svarUpa ko sthira rakhane ke lie sUtra-vAcanA yA paThana kA itanA bar3A mahatva samajhA gayA ki saMgha meM usake lie upAdhyAya kA pRthak pada pratiSThita kiyA gyaa|

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pravartaka prAcArya ke bahuvidha uttaradAyitvoM ke samyak nirvahana meM suvidhA rahe, dharmasaMgha uttarottara unnati karatA jAe, zramaNavanda zrAmaNya ke paripAlana aura vikAsa meM gatizIla rahe, isa hetu anya padoM ke sAtha pravartaka kA bhI vizeSa pada pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| pravartaka pada kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhA hai tapaH saMyamayogeSu, yogyaM hi yo pravartayet / nivartayedayogyaM ca, gaNacintI pravartakaH / / ' pravartaka gaNa yA zramaNa-saMgha kI cintA karate haiM arthAt ve usakI gatividhi kA dhyAna rakhate haiN| ve jina zramaraNoM ko tapa, saMyama tathA prazasta yogamUlaka anyAnya satpravRttiyoM meM yogya pAte haiM, unheM unameM pravRtta yA utprerita karate haiN| mUlataH to sabhI zramaNa dhAmaNya kA nirvAha karate hI haiM para ruci kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa kinhIM kA tapa kI ora adhika jhukAva hotA hai, kaI zAstrAnazIlana meM adhika rasa lete haiM, kaI saMyama ke dUsare pahaluoM kI bhora adhika prAkRSTa rahate haiN| ruci ke kAraNa kisI vizeSa pravRtti kI ora zramaNa kA utsAha ho sakatA hai para hara . kisI ko apanI yathArtha sthiti kA bhalI-bhAMti jJAna ho, yaha prAvazyaka nhiiN| ati utsAha ke kAraNa kabhI kabhI apanI kSamatA kA prAMka pAnA kaThina hotA hai| aisI paristhiti meM pravartaka kA yaha kartavya hai ki ve jinako jisa pravRtti ke lie yogya mAnate hoM, unheM usa ora prerita aura pravRtta kreN| jo unheM jisa pravRtti ke samyak nirvAha meM yogya na jAna par3eM, unheM ve usa ora se nivRtta kreN| sAdhaka ke lie isa prakAra ke patha-nirdezaka kA honA parama Avazyaka hai| isase usakI zakti aura puruSArtha kA samIcIna upayoga hotA hai| aisA na hone se kaI prakAra kI kaThinAiyAM upasthita ho jAtI haiN| udAharaNArtha-koI zramaNa prati utsAha ke kAraNa apane ko ugra tapasyA meM lagAye para kalpanA kIjiye, usakI daihika kSamatA isa prakAra kI na ho, svAsthya anukUla na ho, mAnasika sthiratA kama ho to vaha apane prayatna meM jaisA socatA hai, cAhatA hai, saphala nahIM ho paataa| usakA utsAha TUTa jAtA hai, vaha apane ko zAyada hIna bhI mAnane lagatA hai / prataeva pravartaka, jinameM jJAna, anubhava tathA bhanUThI sUjha-bUjha hotI hai, kA dAyitva hotA hai ki ve zramaNoM ko unakI yogyatA ke anurUpa utkarSa ke vibhinna bhAgoM para gatizIla hone meM pravRtta kareM, jo ucita na pratIta ho, unase nivRtta kreN| ukta tathya ko spaSTa karate hue aura bhI kahA gayA hai : tavasaMjamaniyamesuM, jo juggo tattha taM pvte| asahU ya niyattatI, gaNatattillo pvttiimo|| tapaH saMyamayogeSu madhye yo yatra yogyastaM tatra pravartayanti, asahAMzca 'dharmasaMgraha, adhikAra 3, gAthA 143

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asamarthAMzca nivartayanti, evaM gaNatRptipravRttAH pravartinaH / ' saMyama, tapa Adi ke AcaraNa meM jo dhairya aura sahiSNutA cAhie, jinameM vaha hotI hai, ve hI usakA samyaka anuSThAna kara sakate haiN| jinameM vaisI sahanazIlatA aura dRr3hatA nahIM hotI, unakA usa para Tike rahanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| pravartaka kA yaha kAma hai ki kisa zramaNa ko kisa ora pravRtta kare, kahAM se nivRtta kre| garaNa ko tRpta-tuSTa - ullasita karane meM pravartaka sadA prayatnazIla rahate haiN| sthavira jaina saMgha meM sthavira kA pada atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM daza prakAra ke sthavira batalAye gaye haiM, jinameM se antima tIna jAti-sthavira, zrutasthavira tathA paryAya-sthavira kA sambandha vizeSataH zramaNa-jIvana se hai| sthavira kA sAmAnya artha praur3ha yA vRddha hai| jo janma se arthAt Ayu se sthavira hote haiM, ve jAti-sthavira kahe jAte haiM / sthAnAMga vRtti meM unake lie sATha varSa kI Ayu kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| jo zrata-samavAya Adi aMga-grAgama va zAstra ke pAragAmI hote haiM, ve zruta-sthavira kahe jAte haiN| unake lie prAyU kI iyattA kA nirvandha nahIM hai| ve choTo prAya ke bhI ho sakate haiN| paryAya sthavira ve hote haiM, jinakA dIkSA-kAla lambA hotA hai| inake lie bosa varSa ke dIkSA-paryAya ke hone kA vRttikAra ne ullekha kiyA hai| jinakI Ayu paripakva hotI hai, unheM jIvana ke aneka prakAra ke anubhava hote haiN| ve jIvana meM bahuta prakAra ke anukUla-pratikUla, priya-apriya ghaTanAkrama dekhe hue hote haiM ataH ve viparIta paristhiti meM bhI vicalita nahIM hote haiN| ve sthira mane rahate haiM / sthavira zabda sthiratA kA bhI dyotaka hai| jinakA zAstrAdhyayana vizAla hotA hai, ve bhI apane vipula jJAna dvArA jIvana-satya ke parijJAtA hote haiN| zAstra-jJAna dvArA unake jIvana meM prAdhyAtmika sthiratA aura dRr3hatA hotI hai| jinakA dIkSA-paryAya, saMyama-jIvitavya lambA hotA hai, unake jIvana meM dhArmika paripakvatA, cAritrika bala evaM prAtma proja sahaja hI prasphuTita ho jAtA hai| ' vyavahAra bhASya, uddezaka 1, gAthA 340 2 sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 10 sUtra 762 3 jAtisthavirA:- SaSThivarSapramANajanmaparyAyAH / ___ - sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 10, sUtra 762 (vRtti) 4 zrutasthavirA :- samavAyAdhaMgadhAriNaH / - sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna, 10 sUtra, 762 (vRtti) 5 paryAyasthavirA :- vizativarSapramANa pravrajyAparyAyantaH / - sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 10, sUtra 762 (vRtti)

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isa prakAra ke jIvana ke dhanI zramaNoM kI apanI garimA hai / ve dRr3hadharmA hote haiM aura saMgha ke zramaNoM ko dharma meM, sAdhanA meM, saMyama meM sthira banAye rakhane ke lie sadaiva jAgarUka tathA prayatnazIla rahate haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra (dvAra 2) meM kahA gayA hai - "pravartitavyApArAn saMyama yogeSu sIdataH sAdhUna jJAnAdiSu aihikAmuSmikApAyadarzanata: sthirIkarotIti sthvirH|" jo sAdhu laukika eSaNAvaza sAMsArika kArya-kalApoM meM pravRtta hone lagate haiM, jo saMyama-pAlana meM, jJAnAnuzIlana meM kaSTa kA anubhava karate haiM, aihika aura pAralaukika hAni yA duHkha dikhalA kara unheM jo zramaNa-jIvana meM sthira karate haiM, unheM sthavira kahate haiN| ve svayaM ujjvala cAritrya ke dhanI hote haiM, ataH unake preraNA-vacana, prayatna prAyaH niSphala nahIM hote| sthavira kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sthavira saMvigna - mokSa ke abhilASI, mArdavita, - atyanta mRdu yA komala prakRti ke dhanI aura dharmapriya hote haiN| jJAna, darzana evaM cAritraya kI prArAdhanA meM upAdeya anuSThAnoM ko jo zramaNa parihIna karatA hai, unake pAlana meM asthira banatA hai, ve (sthavira) use jJAna, darzana tathA cAritra kI yAda dilAte haiN| patanonmukha zramaNoM ko ve aihika aura pAralaukika adha: patana dikhalA kara mokSa ke mArga meM sthira karate haiN|' isI prAzaya ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai - tena vyApAriteSvarthe - svanagArAMzca sIdataH / sthirIkaroti sacchaktiH, sthaviro bhavatIha saH / / sapa saMyama, tArAdhanA tathA AtmasAdhanA Adi zramaNa-jIvana ke unnAyaka kArya jo saMgha-pravartaka dvArA zramaNoM ke lie niyojita kiye jAte haiM, una meM jo zramaNa asthira ho jAte haiM, inakA anusaraNa karane meM jo kaSTa mAnate haiM yA inakA pAlana karanA jinako apriya lagatA hai, bhAtA nahIM, unheM jo prAtma-zakti-sampanna dRr3hacetA zramaraNa ukta anuSTheya kAryoM meM dRr3ha banAtA hai, vaha sthavira kahA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki saMyama-jIvana jo zrAmaNya kA aparihArya aMga hai, ke praharI kA mahanIya kArya sthavira karate haiN| saMgha meM unakI bahuta pratiSThA tathA sAkha hotI ' saMviggo maddavibho, piyadhammo naagdNsrnncritte| je aTTha parihAyai, sAveto te havaI thero / / yaH saMvigno mokSAbhilASI, mAdavitaH saMjJAtamAdaMvikaH / (1) priyadharmA ekAntavallabhaH, saMyamAnuSThAne yo jJAnadarzana cAritreSu madhye yAnaryAnupAdeyAnuSThAnavizeSAn parihApayati hAni nayati tAn taM smArayan bhavati sthaviraH, sIdamAnAnsAdhUna aihikAmuSmikApAyapradarzanato mokSa-mArge sthirI karotIti sthavira iti vyutpatteH / dharmasaMgraha, adhikAra 3, gAthA 73

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sadA hai / avasara prAne para ve prAcArya taka ko grAvazyaka bAteM sujhA sakate haiM, jina para unheM (AcArya ko) bhI gaura karanA hotA hai| saMkSepa meM sAra yaha hai ki sthavira saMyama meM svayaM avicala-sthitizIla hote haiM aura saMgha ke sadasyoM ko vaisA bane rahane ke lie utprerita karate rahate haiN| garaNI garaNI kA sAmAnya artha gaNa yA sAdhu samUdAya kA adhipati hai| ataH prAcArya ke lie bhI isa zabda kA prayoga dekhane meM prAtA hai| parantu yahAM yaha eka viziSTa artha ko liye hae hai| saMgha meM jo apratima vidvAna, vahazrata zramaNa hotA thA, use garaNI kA pada diyA jAtA thaa| garaNI ke sambandha meM likhA hai - asya pAzve prAcAryAH sUtrArthamabhyasyanti / ' arthAt prAcArya unake pAsa sUtra prAdi kA abhyAsa karate haiM / yadyapi prAcArya kA sthAna saMgha meM sarvocca hotA hai| unameM prAcAra-pAlane, manavAne, saMgha ke zramaraNoM ko anuzAsana meM rakhane, unako tattva-jJAna dene, unakA parirakSaNa tathA vikAsa karate rahane kI asAdhAraNa kSamatA hotI hai| unake vyaktitva meM sarvAtizAyi bhoja tathA prabhAva hotA hai| parantu yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki saMghagata zramaNoM meM ve sabase adhika vidvAn evaM adhyetA hoN| garaNI meM isa koTi kI jJAnAtmaka vizeSatA hotI hai / phalasvarUpa ve prAcArya ko bhI vAcanA de sakate haiN| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki prAcArya-pada kevala vidvattA ke AdhAra para nahIM diyA jaataa| vidyA jIvana kA eka pakSa hai| usake atirikta aura bhI aneka pakSa haiM - jinake vinA jIvana meM samagratA nahIM paatii| prAcArya ke vyaktitva meM vaisI samagratA honI cAhie jisase jIvana ke sava aMga paripUrita lgeN| yaha sava hone para bhI prAcArya ko yadi zAstrAdhyayana kI aura apekSA ho to ve gaNI se zAstrAbhyAsa kreN| prAcArya jaise ucca pada para adhiSThita vyakti eka anya sAdhu se adhyayana kareM, isameM kyA unakI garimA nahIM miTatI - prAcArya aisA vicAra nahIM karate / ve guNagrAhI tathA ucca saMskArI hote haiM ata: jo-jo unheM aAvazyaka lagatA hai, ve una viSayoM ko gaNI se par3hate haiN| yaha kitanI svastha tathA mukhAvaha paraMparA hai ki prAcArya bhI viziSTa jJAnI se jJAnArjana karate nahIM hickte| jJAna aura jJAnI ke satkAra kA yaha anukaraNIya prasaMga hai| gAdhara ___ gagAdhara kA zAbdika artha garaNa yA zramaNa saMgha ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, garaga kA adhipati, svAmI yA prAcArya hotA hai| Avazyaka vRtti meM anuttara jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM ke gaNa - samUha ko dhAraNa karane vAle gaNadhara kahe gaye haiM / 1 kalpa subodhikA kSaNa : 2 anutarajJAnadarzanAdiguNAnAM gaNaM dhArayantIti gaNadharAH -- Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 1062 vRtti

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prAgama-vAGmaya meM gaNadhara zabda mukhyataH do arthoM meM prayukta hai| tIrthaMkara ke pramukha ziSya, jo una (tIrthakara) dvArA prarUpita tatva-jJAna kA dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM saMgrathana karate haiM, unake dharma-saMgha ke vibhinna gaNoM kI dekha-rekha karate haiM, apane-apane gaNa ke zramaNoM ko Agama-vAcanA dete haiM, gaNadhara kahe jAte haiN| anuyoga-dvAra sUtra meM bhAva-pramAraNa ke antargata jJAna guraNa ke prAgama' nAmaka pramAraNa-bheda meM batAyA gayA hai ki gaNadharoM ke sUtra prAtmagamya hote haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ve sUtroM ke kartA haiM / __ tIrthaMkaroM ke varNana-krama meM unakI anyAnya dharma-saMpadAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake gaNadharoM kA bhI yathA prasaMga ullekha humA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke sAnidhya meM gaNadharoM kI jaisI paraMparA varNita hai, vaha sArvatrika nahIM hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pazcAt athavA do tIrthaMkaroM ke antarvartI kAla meM gaNadhara nahIM hote / ataH udAharaNArtha gautama, sudharmA Adi ke lie jo gaNadhara zabda prayukta huA hai, vaha gaNadhara ke zAbdika yA sAmAnya artha meM aprayojya hai| gaNadhara kA dUsarA artha, jaisA ki sthAnAMga' vatti meM likhA gayA hai, mAryAnoM yA sAdhviyoM ko pratijAgRta rakhane vAlA arthAt unake saMyama-jIvana - ke samyaka nirvahaNa meM sadA preraNA, mArgadarzana evaM AdhyAtmika sahayoga karane vAlA zramaraNa gaNadhara kahA jAtA hai| prAryA-pratijAgaraka ke artha meM prayukta gaNadhara zabda se prakaTa hotA hai ki saMgha meM zramaNI-vanda kI samIcIna vyavasthA, vikAsa, adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM uttarottara pragati - ityAdi para pUrA dhyAna diyA jAtA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI dekha rekha aura mArgadarzana ke kArya ko itanA mahatvapUrNa samajhA gayA ki eka viziSTa zramaNa kA manonayana kevala isI uddezya se hotA thaa| garaNAvacchedaka isa pada kA sambandha vizeSataH vyavasthA se hai| saMgha ke sadasyoM kA saMyama jIvi tavya svastha evaM kuzala banA rahe, sAdhu-jIvana ke nirvAha-hetu apekSita upakaraNa sAdhu-samudAya ko niravadya rUpa meM milate raheM ityAdi saMghIya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA uttaradAyitva yA kartavya gaNAvacchedaka kA hotA hai / unake saMbaMdha meM likhA hai - jo saMgha ko sahArA dene, use sudRr3ha banAye rakhane athavA saMgha ke thamaNoM kI saMyama-yAtrA ke samyaka nirvAha ke lie upadhi- zramaNa-jIvana ke lie yAvazyaka sAdhana-sAmagrI kI gaveSaNA karane ke nimitta vihAra karate haiM - paryaTana karate haiM, prayatnazIla rahate haiM, ve gaNAvacchedaka hote haiN| pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura pAgama - ina cAra pramANoM kA vahAM varNana huA hai / / prAdhika pratijAgarako vA sAdhuvizeSaH samayaprasiddhaH / - sthAnAMga mUtra 4, 3, 323 vRtti ' yo hi taM gRhItvA gacchopaSTambhAyavopadhimArgaNAdinimittaM viharati - sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 4, uddezaka 3 (vRtti) ( 73 )

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_zrAmaNya-nirvAha ke lie apekSita sAdhana-sAmagrI ke prAkalana, tatsambandhI vyavasthA Adi kI dRSTi se gaNAvacchedaka ke pada kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hai| garaNAvacchedaka dvArA Avazyaka upakaraNa juTAne kA uttaradAyitva samhAla liye jAne se prAcArya kA saMgha-vyavasthA sambandhI bhAra kAphI halkA ho jAtA hai| phalataH unheM dharma-prabhAvanA tathA saMghonnati sambandhI anyAnya kAryoM kI sampannatA meM samaya dene kI adhika anukUlatA prApta rahatI hai| prAdhAra : pRSThabhUmi pahale yaha carcita huA hai ki jaina paraMparA meM pada-niyukti kA AdhAra nirvAcana jaisI koI vastu nahIM thii| vartamAna AcArya apane uttarAdhikArI AcArya tathA anya padAdhikAriyoM kA manonayana saMgha kI sammati se karate the| Aja bhI vaisA hI hai| jJAtavya hai ki uttarAdhikArI prAcArya kA manonayana to prAvazyaka samajhA gayA para dUsare padoM meM se jitanoM kI, jaba prAcArya cAhate, pUrti krte| aisI anivAryatA nahIM thI ki uttarAdhikArI prAcArya ke sAtha-sAtha anya sabhI padoM kI pUrti kI jaae| AcArya cAhate to avazeSa sabhI padoM kA kArya-nirvAha svayaM karate athavA unameM se kucha kA karate, kucha para adhikArI manonIta karate / mUlata: samagra uttaradAyitva ke AdhAra-stambha to prAcArya hI mAne gaye haiN| vyavasthA-saukarya ke lie prAyaH anya padoM para upayukta, yogya adhikAriyoM kA manonayana bhI AcArya upayogI mAnate rahe haiN| para kramazaH pazcAdvartI samaya meM vaisA krama rhaa| kabhI-kabhI kevala AcArya-pada para adhiSThita eka hI vyakti sArA kAryabhAra samhAlate rahe / kabhI prAcArya tathA upAdhyAya do-padoM para kArya karate rhe| kabhI sAtoM padoM meM se jaba jo jo apekSita samajhe gaye, tatkAlIna prAcAryoM dvArA bhare gye| kucha viziSTa yogyatAeM padoM para manonIta kiye jAne vAle zramaNoM meM kucha vizeSa yogyatAeM vAMchanIya samajhI gaI thiiN| asAdhAraNa sthitiyoM meM kucha vizeSa nirNaya lene kI vyavasthA bhI rahI hai ! vyavahAra-sUtra tathA bhASya meM isa sandarbha meM bar3A vizada vivecana huA hai, jisake katipaya pahalU yahAM upasthita karanA upayogI hogaa| kahA gayA hai ki jina zramaNoM nirgranthoM ko dIkSA svIkAra kiye mATha varSa ho gaye hoM, jo AcAra, saMyama, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha tathA upagraha (zramaNoM ke paripoSaNa) meM kuzala hoM, jinakA cAritra prakhaNDa, prazabala - anAcAra ke dhabboM se rahita - pradUSita, abhinna - sarvataH sAtvika, asaMkliSTa --saMkleza' vyavahAra sUtra, 3 uddezaka, sUtra 7 2 zramaNoM ke vihAra ke lie samIcIna kSetra, prapekSita upakaraNa, unakI mAvazyakatAmoM kI yathocita paripUrti / ( 74 )

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rahita ho arthAt jo cAritra kA sampUrNa rUpa meM prAtmollAsapUrvaka pAlana karate hoM, jo bahuzruta aura vidvAna hoM, jo kama se kama anivAryataH sthAnAMgasUtra aura samavAyAMga sUtra ke dhAraka - vettA hoM, unheM prAcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI aura gaNAvacchedaka pada para adhiSThita karanA kalpanIyavihita hai| isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki jina zramaNoM meM ukta guNa yA vizeSatAeM na hoM, unheM ye pada denA akalpanIya hai - ye pada unheM nahIM diye jAne caahie| padoM ke sambandha meM eka vikalpa yoM haijina zramaNa-nirgranthoM ko dIkSA svIkAra kiye pAMca varSa vyatIta ho cuke hoM, jo prAcAra, saMyama, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha tathA upagraha meM kuzala hoM, jinakA cAritra akhaNDa, azabala-pradUSita, abhinna - eka jaisA sAtvika, asaMkliSTa - saMklezarahita ho, jo bahuzruta aura vidvAn hoM, jo kama se kama dazAzrutaskandha, vRhatkalpa, vyavahArasUtra ke vettA hoM, unake lie prAcArya aura upAdhyAya kA pada kalpanIya hai - unheM prAcArya yA upAdhyAya ke pada para pratiSThita karanA vihita hai|' upAdhyAya pada para manonIta kiye jAne yogya zramaNoM kA varNana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki jina zramaNoM, nirgranthoM, ko dIkSA svIkAra kiye tIna varSa vyatIta ho gaye hoM, jo prAcAra, saMyama, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha tathA upagraha meM kuzala hoM, jinakA cAritra prakhaNDa, azabala- pradUSita, abhinna - sarvataH sAtvika, asaMkliSTa - saMklezarahita ho, jo bahuzruta aura vidvAn hoM, jo kama se kama prAcArAMga aura nizItha ke vettA hoM, unheM upAdhyAya ke pada para AsIna karanA kalpanIya hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM meM jo dIkSA-kAla diyA gayA hai, vaha nyanatama hai| usase kama samaya kA dIkSita zramaNa sAdhAraNataH Upara variNata padoM kA adhikArI nahIM hotaa| pada aura dIkSA-kAla pATha varSa, pAMca varSa aura tIna varSa ke dIkSA-kAla ke rUpa meM Upara tIna prakAra ke vikalpa upasthita kiye gaye haiN| anya yogyatAyeM sabakI eka jaisI batalAI gaI haiN| aATha varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa ko prAcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI tathA gaNAvacchedaka kA pada diyA jAnA kalpanIya vihita kahA gayA hai / sAta padoM ' vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 5 2 mAvazyaka sUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 3

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meM se chaH padoM kA ullekha yahAM huA hai| garaNadhara kA pada ullikhita nahIM hai| para, bhAvataH use yahAM prantargarbhita mAna liyA jAnA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa zramaNa kA dIkSA - paryAya ATha varSa kA ho cukA hai aura jisameM yadi dUsarI prapekSita yogyatAe~ hoM to vaha sabhI padoM kA adhikArI hai / pAMca varSa ke dIkSita zramaraNa ko, yadi anya yogyatAe~ usameM hoM to prAcArya aura upAdhyAya pada kA adhikArI batAyA hai / tIna varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa ko aura yogyatAeM hone para upAdhyAya pada ke lie anumodita kiyA hai / ina tIna vikalpoM meM se do meM prAcArya kA ullekha huA hai aura upAdhyAya kA tInoM meM hI / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki AcArya ke lie kama se kama pAMca varSa kA dIkSA-kAla honA zrAvazyaka hai / taba yadi unakA pATha varSa kA dIkSA-kAla ho to aura bhI acchA / mrATha varSa ke dIkSA kAla kI anivAryatA vastutaH pravartaka, sthavira, garaNI tathA garagAvacchedaka ke pada ke lie hai / pahale vikalpa meM kramaza: sabhI padoM kA ullekha karanA thA ataH grAcArya kA bhI samAveza kara diyA gayA / upAdhyAya - pada ke lie kama se kama tIna varSa kA dIkSA - kAla anivArya hai / phira vaha yadi pAMca yA ATha varSa kA ho to aura bhI uttama hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai, ATha varSa ke dIkSA - kAla kI anivAryatA prAcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke atirikta anya padoM ke lie tathA pAMca varSa ke dIkSA-kAla kI anivAryatA kevala prAcArya pada ke lie hai / pahale vikalpa meM sabhI padoM kA aura dUsare vikalpa meM do padoM kA ullekha karanA thA ataH donoM sthAnoM para upAdhyAya kA samAveza kiyA gayA / zruta-yogyatA, prAcAra - pravaNatA, projasvI vyaktitva tathA jIvana ke anubhava - ye cAra mahatvapUrNa tathya haiM, jinakA saMghIya padoM se aMtaraMga sambandha hai / upAdhyAya kA pada zruta-pradhAna yA mUtra pradhAna hai| zrAtma-sAdhanA to jIvana kA avicchinna aMga hai hI, usake atirikta upAdhyAya kA pramukha kArya zramaNoM ko sUtra - vAcanA denA hai / yadi koI zramaNa isa ( zrutAtmaka) viSaya meM niSNAta hoM to apane uttaradAyitva kA bhalI bhAMti nirvAha karane meM unheM koI kaThinAI nahIM prAtI / vyAvahArika jIvana ke anubhava yAdi kI vahAM vizeSa apekSA nahIM rahatI / vahAM sUtra samvandhI vyApaka adhyayana, pragalbha pANDitya tathA prakRSTa prajJA honI cAhiye | ataH yadi tIna varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa meM bhI ye yogyatAeM hoM to vaha upAdhyAya pada kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai / prAcArya pada ke lie yogyatA kA prAdhAra grAcAra kauzala, zAsana - naipuNya, ojasvI vyaktitva, vyavahAra paTutA, zAstroM kA talasparzI, sUkSma jJAna tathA jIvana ke anubhava haiN| inameM anubhava ke atirikta jo vizeSatAeM batalAI gaI haiM, ve kAlasApekSa kama haiM, kSayopazama yA saMskAra sApekSa adhika / katipaya vyakti janmajAta ( 76 )

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medhAvI, prabhAvazIla, projasvI aura karttavyakuzala hote haiM tathA katipaya aise hote haiM ki varSoM ke abhyAsa tathA cira prayatna ke bAvajUda isa prakAra kA kucha bhI vaiziSTya ajita nahIM kara pAte / pratyeka kArya meM puruSArtha aura prayatna to cAhiye para taratamatA kI dRSTi se vastutaH ina vizeSatAoM kA sambandha prayatnoM se kama aura saMskAroM se adhika hai| prAcArya saMskArI aura pUNyAtmA hote haiN| unameM ye vizeSatAeM svAbhAvika hotI haiN| para, jIvana kA anubhava bhI caahie| ataH unake lie kama se kama pAMca varSa ke dIkSA-kAla kI anivAryatA batalAI gii| saMskArI evaM pratibhA sampanna vyakti ke lie jIvana ke bahumukhI anubhava ajita karane kI dRSTi ke yaha samaya kama nahIM hai| pravartaka, sthavira tathA gaNAvacchedaka ke pada jisa prakAra ke uttaradAyitva se jur3e haiM, unake nirvahaNa ke lie bahuta hI anubhavI vyaktitva kI AvazyakatA hai, jo jIvana ke anukUla-pratikUla, madhura-kaTu, priya-apriya jaise aneka krama dekha cukA ho, parakha cUkA ho / anubhava-paripakvatA kI dRSTi se una padoM ke adhikArI hone yogya zramaNa ke lie jo kama se kama ATha varSa kA dIkSA-kAla svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha vAstava meM Avazyaka hai| isI prasaMga meM vyavahArasUtra meM eka vizeSa bAta kahI gaI hai| batAyA gayA hai ki vizeSa paristhiti meM eka dina ke dIkSita thamaNa ko bhI prAcArya yA upAdhyAya kA pada diyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bAta vizeSata: niruddha-vAsa-paryAyazramaNa ko uddiSTa kara kahI gaI hai| niruddha-vAsa-paryAya kA Azaya usa zramaraNa se hai, jo pahale zramaraNa-jIvana meM thA para durbalatA se usase pRthak ho gyaa| yadyapi aisA vyakti saMyama se girA huprA to hotA hai para usake pAsa sAdhu-jIvana kA lambA anubhava rahatA hai| yadi vaha sahI rUpa meM prAtmaprerita hokara punaH zrAmaNya apanA letA hai to usakA vigata zramaNa-jIvana kA anubhava usake lie, saMgha ke lie kyoM nahIM upayogI hogaa| prAcArya kA pada atyanta mahatvapUrNa uttaradAyitvoM ko lie hae hotA hai| ataH ukta prakAra ke eka divasIya dIkSita sAdhu meM, jise prAcArya yA upAdhyAya kA pada diyA jAnA vihita kahA gayA hai, aura bhI kucha asAdhAraNa vizeSatAeM honI cAhie, jinakA nimnAMkita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha sthavira aise kula kA ho, jisake prati saMgha kI pratIti ho athavA jo saMgha ke lie dAna, sevA prAdi kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa prItikAraka ho, jo stheya hoprItikara hone ke nAte jo saMgha kI cintA meM pramANabhUta ho, jo saMgha ke lie, sabake lie vaizvAsika - vizvAsa-sthAna ho - sammata ho, kaThinAI yA saMgharSa grAdi kI sthiti meM sahayoga karane ke nAte jo saMgha ke lie pramodakAraka ho, jo saMgha ke lie anumata ho athavA zramaNoM ko dAna dene meM jahA~ parivAra ke choTe-bar3e-sabhI ( 77 )

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sadasyoM kI anumati ho-- sabhI bhikSA dene ke adhikArI hoM, jo saMgha dvArA bahusammata ho-sevAzIlatA, zAlInatA tathA dharma-bhAvanA kI vRtti ke kAraNa jisa kula kA saMgha meM bahumAna ho|' pAraMparika saMskAroM kA manuSya-jIvana para bahata prabhAva hotA hai| pArivArika aura paitaka saMskAra mAnava ke hRdaya meM kucha aisI dhAraNAe~ aura mAnyatAe~ pratiSThita kara dete haiM ki vaha sahasA hIna patha kA avalambana nahIM kara paataa| usameM sahaja hI dhIraja, dRr3hatA, sthiratA aura udAttatA prAdi kucha aisI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jinake kAraNa saMgha kA gurutara uttaradAyitva vaha vahana kara sakatA hai| apanI paitaka pratiSThA, sammAna aura garimA bhI usake mastiSka meM rahatI hai, jo use kisI bhI mahAna kArya meM sAhasa aura nirbhIka bhAva se juTa jAne ko prerita karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai, yahA~ kula kI mahattA para itanA jora diyA gayA hai| ukta varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kula ke jo vizeSaNa Upara diye gaye haiM, unakA sIdhA sambandha zramaNa saMgha se hai / jisa kula se zramaNa saMgha kA itanA nakaTya hai, jisake bacce-bacce ke hRdaya meM zramaNoM ke prati agAdha zraddhA hai, parivAra kA pratyeka sadasya zramaNoM ko bhakti aura Adara ke sAtha sadA dAna dene ko tatpara rahatA hai, vahA~ eka do kA apavAda ho sakatA hai, para usa meM utpanna vyakti sahaja hI saMghIya dAyitvoM ke prati bahuta jAgarUka hogaa| paraMparA aura saMskAra ke kAraNa use lagabhaga vaha saba prApta hotA hai, jo kAphI samaya pUrva dIkSita sAdhu ko hotA hai| ___ yaha vizeSa paristhiti bhI, kabhI-kabhI taba banatI hai, jaba apanA uttarAdhikArI manonIta karane kA avasara pAye binA hI AcArya acAnaka kAla dharma ko prApta ho jAte haiN| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1 se prAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya taka kI 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM prAcArya paramparA kI taraha upAdhyAya, pravartaka sthavira, garaNI, gaNadhara garagAvacchedaka, mahattarA, pratinI prAdi padoM kI bhI kramabaddha paramparAe~ calI hoN| aneka parama upakArI mahAna zramaNoM ne apane apane samaya meM zramaNa paramparA ke ina viziSTa uttaradAyitva pUrNa padoM kA kAryabhAra smhaalaa| unhoMne jIvana bhara sva-para-kalyANa meM nirata rahate hue bar3I lagana aura yogyatA ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sarvabhUta hitakArI dharmasaMgha kI cahuMmukhI pragati kii| hamArI utkaTa abhilASA thI ki prAcArya paramparA kI taraha upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNAvacchedaka, mahattarA Adi sabhI paramparAmoM kA kramabaddha itihAsa diyA jaay| para yathAzakti pUrI khoja aura prApta purAtana sAmagrI ke paryavekSaNa ke pazcAt hameM bar3e duHkha ke sAtha kahanA par3atA hai ki hama prastuta grantha meM upAdhyAya, gaNAvacchedaka Adi padoM ko atIta meM vibhUSita karane vAle mahApuruSoM kA paricaya nahIM de pA rahe haiM, kyoMki unakA nAma kAla Adi sAdhAraNa paricaya ' vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka 3, mUtra 8 ( 78 )

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bhI grAja kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa dvitIya bhAga meM mukhyata: prAcAryoM. vAcanAcAryoM, yuga-pradhAnAcAryoM, katipaya prabhAvaka saMtoM evaM mahattarA matiyoM kA tathA unake samaya kI viziSTa ghaTanAmoM kA hI paricaya prastuta kara pA rahe haiN| bhaviSya meM zodha karate samaya ina upAdhyAya, gaNAvacchedaka Adi paramparAtroM kA yadi paricaya prApta huA to use samucita rUpa se yathA sthAna dene kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| antaHparicaya prastuta grantha meM jaina dharma kA vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1000 taka kA itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka pAThaka nirvANottara kAla ke eka hajAra varSa ke itihAsa ko sahaja hI hRdayaMgama kara smati paTala para aMkita kara sake, isa dRSTi se ise nimnalikhita cAra prakaraNoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai :1. kevalikAla 3. dazapUrvadharakAla 2. zrutakevalikAla 4. sAmAnya pUrvadharakAla 1. kebalikAla - zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM dvArA vIra nirvAgaNa ke pazcAt samAna rUpa se indrabhUti gautama, prAcArya sudharmA aura prAcArya jambU ye tIna kevalI mAne gaye haiM para ina tInoM kevaliyoM ke mukhyataH pRthaka-pRthaka evaM graMzataH samuccaya kAla ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAoM kA paraspara mAnyatA bheda pAyA. jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI mAnya granthoM meM indrabhUti gautama kA 12 varSa, prArya sudharmA kA 8 varSa aura prArya jambU kA 44 varSa, isa prakAra kula milA kara 64 varSa kA kevalikAna mAnA gayA hai| java ki digambara paramparA meM kevalikAla viSayaka do prakAra kI mAnyatAeM upalabdha hotI haiM, uttara purANa' aura puSpadanta-kRta apabhraMza bhASA ke mahApurANa' meM indrabhUti gautama kA 12 varSa, prArya sudharmA kA 12 varSa aura jambU svAmI kA 40 varSa isa prakAra kula milAkara 64 varSa kA kevalikAla mAnA gayA hai| dhavalA, zrutAvatAra, brahma hemacandrakRta zrutaskandha' harivaMza purANa aura nandi saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM samAna rUpa se ina tInoM kevaliyoM kA prathaka-pRthaka kevalikAla kramaza: 12 varSa, 12 barSa aura 18 varSa ullikhita karate hue samuccaya kevalikAla ' uttara purANa, parva 76, pR0 537 2 mahA purANa, saMdhi 100, pR0 274 3 eT gvaNDAgama, vedanA mDa-dhavalA, bhA. 6, pR0 130-31 4 zrutAvatAra, lo0 72-76 5 zrutaskanya, gAthA 66, 67 6 harivaMza purAgA, magaM 66, no. 22 / * nandi maMdha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI, mA. 1, 2 . ( 7t )

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62 varSa batAyA hai| tiloya paNNatI' meM ina tInoM kA kevalikAla pRthaka 2 na batAkara piNDa rUpa se 62 varSa likhA hai| tiloyapaNattikAra ne ina tInoM kevaliyoM ko anabaddha kevalI kI saMjJA dete hae antima kevalI zrI dhara ke kaMDalagirI para siddha hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra kA ullekha tiloya paNNatti aura uttaravartI kAla ke zrutaMskandha ko chor3akara sampUrNa prAcIna jaina vAGamaya meM anyatra dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| digambara paramparA ke hI vIra kavi racita apabhraMza bhASA ke jambU sAmicariu tathA paM0 rAjamalla racita 'jambU caritra'5 (saMskRta) meM indrabhUti gautama, sudharmA ina donoM kA sammilita rUpa se 18 varSa aura jambU kA samaya 18 varSa ullikhita karate hue ina tInoM kevaliyo kA kevalikAla kula milAkara kevala 36 varSa hI batAyA gayA hai| ___ isa prakAra uparilikhita uddharaNoM ke anusAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 64 taka kula 64 varSa kA kevalikAla mAnA gayA hai / jabaki digambara paramparA ke Upara likhe vibhinna granthoM meM kevalikAla vipayaka tIna prakAra kI bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| eka mAnyatA kevalikAla 64 varSa kA, dUsarI 62 varSa kA aura tIsarI kevala 36 varSa kA hI batAtI hai| isa prakAra ke vibhedAtmaka ullekhoM ke uparAnta bhI digambara paramparA meM grAja jo sarvasammata mAnyatA pracalita hai, usake anusAra kevalikAla 62 varSa mAnA jAtA hai| kevalikAla viSayaka isa sAdhAraNa matabheda ke atirikta zvetAmbara aura digambara ina donoM paramparAoM meM dUsarA mAnyatA bheda bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara ke sambandha meM hai| jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA meM prArya sudharmA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama paTTadhara mAnA gayA hai, vahAM digambara paramparA meM indrabhUti gautama ko| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke prAcAryoM kI jitanI bhI paTTAvaliyAM upalabdha haiM, unameM me zvetAmbara paramparA kI sabhI paTTAvaliyAM prArya sudharmA se aura digambara paramparA kI sabhI paTTAvaliyAM indrabhUti gautama se prArambha hotI haiN| donoM paramparAgoM meM isa bAta para to mataikya hai ki jisa rAtri meM bhagavAna kA nirvAgA humA usI rAtri meM prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi huI parantu zvetAmbara parampaga ke mabhI prAmANika granthoM meM prArya sudharmA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama padaghara aura digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM indrabhUti gItama ko bhagavAn kA prathama paTTadhara evaM tatpazcAt sudharmA ko dvitIya paTTadhara mAnA gayA 'tiloya paNNati, mahA0 4, gA. 1478 2 vahI, gA. 14.76 3 brahma hemacandraracita zrutaskandha, gA. 68 4 jambumAmicari u, vIra kavi cina (mampAdaka DA. bI. pI. jaina) 10 : 23 " jama caritra, rAjamalla racita, sarga 12,lo. 106, 110, 112. 120 aura 121

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hai| vastutaH bhagavAna ke pramukha gaNadhara aura pradhAna ziSya hone ke kAraNa indrabhUti gautama unake paTTadhara banane ke sarvaprathama adhikArI the, saMbhavataH isI dRSTi se digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM etadviSayaka kisI prakAra ke UhApoha, yukti athavA pramANa ke prastutIkaraNa kI AvazyakatA na samajhakara sahaja rUpa se yaha ullekha kara diyA gayA ki prabhu ke nirvANa pazcAt indrabhUti gautama unake prathama paTTadhara bne| zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka prAmANika granthoM meM indrabhUti kI vidyamAnatA meM prArya sudharmA ko bhagavAn kA prathama paTTadhara banAye jAne ke sambandha meM sayauktika evaM sapramANa paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prastuta grantha ke "kevalikAla" zIrSakAntargata prakaraNa meM isa viSaya para vistArapUrvaka jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : 1. sarvajJa prabhu mahAvIra ne tIrthapravartana kAla meM hI apane 11 pramukha ziSyoM ko gaNadhara pada pradAna karate samaya prArya sudharmA ko dIrghajIvI samajhakara - "maiM tumheM dhurI ke sthAna para rakhakara gaNa kI anujJA detA hai"-yaha kaha kara eka prakAra se apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara diyA thaa| 2. prabhu ke nirvANa ke thor3e samaya pazcAt, usI nirvANa rAtri meM indrabhUti gautama ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho gaI thii| kevalajJAna kI prApti se pUrva uttarAdhikArI ke pada para niyukta vyakti kevalajJAna prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt usa pada para banA raha sakatA hai para jise kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho cukI hai, vaha vyakti kisI kA uttarAdhikArI nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki koI bhI paTTadhara apane pUrvavartI prAcArya ke prAdezoM, upadezoM, prAdoM evaM siddhAntoM kA pracAra-prasAra tathA prAzAoM kA pAlana karavAtA hai / parantu kevalajJAnI nikhila carAcara ke pUrNa jJAtA evaM sAkSAt draSTA hone ke kAraNa-"bhagavAn ne jaisA kahA hai, vahI maiM kaha rahA hai" yaha kahane ke sthAna para "maiM aisA dekhatA hai, maiM aisA kahatA hU~" yaha kahane kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA arthataH prarUpita dvAdazAMgI kA zramaNa-samUha ko jJAna karAte samaya koI kevalajJAnI yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aisA dekhA, aisA jAnA aura aisA kahA / ve to pratyakSa jJAtA evaM drapTA hone ke kAraNa yahI kahate ki maiM aisA dekhatA hU~, aisA jAnatA hU~ aura jo dekhatA jAnatA hU~ vahI kahatA huuN| usa dazA meM aMtima tIrthakara dvArA prarUpita dhutaparamparA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA na rahakara gautama kevalI kI zrutaparamparA kahI jaatii| Arya sudharmA usa samaya taka cAra jJAna aura caturdaza pUrvo ke dhAraka the| unheM vIra nirvAraNa ke 12 varSa pazcAt kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa dvAdazAMgI kA upadeza karate samaya ve prastha hone ke kAraNa yahI kahate ' prAvazyaka cUriNa, pR. 370

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ki bhagavAn ne aisA dekhA jAnA upadeza diyA aura isa prakAra kI grAjJAeM dIM, jaisA maiMne unase sunA vahI kaha rahA hai / ina saba tathyoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue tIrthezvara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa zrutaparamparA ko paMcama AAraka kI samApti paryanta avicchinna evaM utkarSa kI ora agrasara karane vAlI unakI prajJAtroM ko prakSuNNa banAye rakhane ke liye kevalI gautama ko bhagavAn kA prathama paTTadhara na mAna kara caturdaza pUrvadhara aura manaH paryavajJAnI sudharmA ko mAnA gayA / dhavalAkAra (zaka saM0 738 anumAnataH ) se 358 varSa pUrva muni sarvanandi (zaka saM0 380 ) 1 dvArA racita 'loka - vibhAga (prAkRta) ke saMskRta rUpAntarakAra siMhasUraSi ne 'loka-vibhAga' (saMskRta) kI prazasti meM likhA hai --- devoM aura manuSyoM kI sabhA meM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna prabhu ne bhavyajanoM ke hita ke liye jagat kA vidhAna kahA, jo sudharmA svAmI Adi ne jAnA aura jo zrAcArya - paramparA se Aja taka calA zrA rahA hai, use siMhasUra RSi ne bhASAparivartana kara viracita kiyA usakA nipUraNa janoM ne sammAna kiyA hai / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki digambara samAja meM bhI prAcIna kAla meM grArya sudharmA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama paTTadhara mAnane kI paramparA pracalita thI / zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya dharmaghopa ne apanI 'dusmamAkAlasamaraNasaMghathayaM' - nAmaka ( aitihAsika mahatva kI ) eka choTI sI stutiparaka pustikA kI pravarI meM vIra ni0 1 se 60 taka pAlaka ke 60 varSa ke rAjyakAla meM hue yugapradhAna puruSoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai : " tassa ya varisa 60 rajje goyama 12 suhamma 8 jaMbU 44 jugappahAraNA / "3 kucha vidvAnoM kA isa para yaha zrabhimata ho sakatA hai ki ina tInoM kA pRthak pRthak samaya dete hue jo kAlakrama kI kar3iyAM jor3I gaI haiM, vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paTTAnukrama kI ghora hI spaSTa iMgita hai / parantu isa prazna para sUkSma dRSTi se thor3I sI gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karate hI isa prakAra kI prAzaMkA nirAdhAra siddha ho jaaygii| yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM indrabhUti gautama kA kahIM 1 prastuta grantha pR0 45 2 madhyebhyaH suramAnuporusadasi zrIvarddha mAnArhatA, yatproktaM jagato vidhAnamakhilaM jJAnaM sudharmAdibhiH / prAcAryAvalikAgataM viracitaM tat siMhamUrapiNA, bhASAyAH parivartanena nipuNaiH sammAnitaM sAdhubhiH || 3 mrAyaM jambU ke grantima 4 varSoM kI gaNanA zravacUrikAra ne zrAge calakara nanda ke rAjya meM kara lI hai / ( 82 )

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nAmollekha nahIM hai| yadi yugapradhAna AcAryoM meM gautama kI gaNanA kI gaI hotI to unakA nAma yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM avazya hotaa| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki uparilikhita rUpa se pravacUrI meM prAcArya dharmaghoSa dvArA jo gautama kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha vIra nirdhAraNa ke pazcAt hue prathama kevalI ke nAte unake prati sammAna pragaTa karane kI dRSTi se usa yuga ke mahAna puruSa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai na ki yugapradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM / prArya sudharmA ke prakaragA meM - 'vartamAna dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAra', 'dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya', 'dvAdazAMgI kA hAma evaM viccheda' aura dvAdazAMgI viSayaka digambara mAnyatA' - ina upazIrSakoM ke antargata pRSTha saM068 se 186 taka lagabhaga 118 pRSThoM meM dvAdazAMgI viSayaka suvistRta evaM sarvAGgapUrNa paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNa ko sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie sugama tathA zodhAthiyoM ke lie upayogI banAne ke lie isa graMtha ke pradhAna sampAdaka zrI rAThor3a ne alabhya sAmagrI upalabdha kaga, ekAdazAMgI tathA dvAdazAMgI se sambandhita upalabdha vipula sAhitya ke gahana adhyayana ke mAtha jo aneka upayogI parAmarza diye haiM, unheM kabhI nahIM bhUlAyA jA sktaa| __ isa prakaraNa meM dvAdazAMgI kI racanA viSayaka jo mAnyatA-bheda ina donoMzvetAmbara aura digambara - paramparAgoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, usa para bhI, yathAzakya vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM eka mata se nirvivAdarUpeNa yaha ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke indrabhUti gautama prabhRti gyArahoM gaNadhara apane apane saMdeha kA prabhU se samAdhAna pAkara eka hI dina bhagavAn ke pAsa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hue| usI dina sarvajJa prabhU se tripadI kA jJAna aura gaNadhara pada prApta karane para tatkAla utpanna huI gaNadhara-labdhi ke prabhAva se una savane prabhu kI vANI ke AdhAra para sarva prathama caturdaza pUrvo aura tadanantara zeSa dRSTivAda sahita ekAdazAMgI kA pRthakataH grathana-guMphana kiyaaN| tIrthakara mahAvIra kI vANI ke AdhAra para una gyArahoM gagagadharoM dvArA svatantrarUpega athita dvAdazAMgI meM arthataH mamAnatA rahate hue bhI vAcanAbheda rahA hai| jaisA ki prAlekhyamAna granthamAlA ke prathama puppa - "jaina dharma kA mAlika itihAsa, prathama bhAga" - meM batAyA jA cukA hai, bhagavAna ke 11 gaNadharoM meM se sAta ke pRthakataH, pratyeka ke eka garaNa ke hisAba se mAta garaNa, prAThaveM tathA nauveM gaNadhara kA sammilita eka gaNa aura dazavaM evaM gyArahaveM gaNadhara kA sammilita eka gaNa - isa prakAra kula : gaNa the| gagAdharoM kI mamyA ke anusAra gyAraha nahIM para garagoM kI dRSTi se dvAdazAMgI kI 6 vAcanAeM mAnI gaI haiN| indrabhUti gautama evaM sudharmA ko chor3akara zeSa 6 gaNadhara, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM hI apane apane gaNa prArya sudharmA ko samhalA, eka eka mAsa kA ( 83 )

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pAdopagamana saMthArA kara siddha ho gye| unake sAta gaNa Arya sudharmA ke gaNa meM vilIna ho gye| indrabhUti gautama bhI vIra nirvANa ke 12 varSa pazcAt Arya sudharmA ko apanA garaNa sauMpakara siddha hue| isa prakAra bhagavAn ke daza gaNadharoM kI ziSya paramparA aura unakI 8 vAcanAeM unake (gaNadharoM ke) nirvANa ke sAtha hI samApta ho gaI aura pariNAmata: kevala sudharmA svAmI kI ziSya-paramparA aura dvAdazAMgI kI vAcanA avaziSTa raha gii| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM dvAdazAMgI kI racanA ke sambandha meM 2 prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / dhavalAkAra se lagabhaga DhAI sau - tIna sau varSa pUrva hue prAcArya pUjyapAda devanandI, (vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI) ne tattvArtha sUtra para likhI gaI apanI 'sarvArthasiddhi' nAmaka vRtti meM sabhI gaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI jAne kA spaSTa ullekha karate hue likhA hai - _ "sarvajJa paramarSi tIrthaMkara ne apane parama acintya kevalajJAna kI vibhUti kI viziSTatA dvArA prartharUpa se prAgamoM kA upadeza diyaa| una tIrthaMkara ke, atizaya buddhi kI Rdi se sampanna zrutakevalI gaNadharoM dvArA bhagavAna ke usa upadeza ke prAdhAra para jo granthoM kI racanA kI gaI, use aMgapUrva lakSaNa arthAt dvAdazAMgI kahate haiN|" isI prakAra dhavalAkara ke pUrvavartI prAcArya prakalaMka deva (vi0 8 vIM zatI) ne tatvArtha sUtra kI rAjavArtika TIkA' meM tathA vikrama kI 6 vIM zatI ke prAcArya vidyAnanda ne 'tatvArtha zloka vArtika' nAmaka apane grantha meM isI mAnyatA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| (ka) paririgayA gaNaharA jIvante NAyae eva jagAu // 658 / / [prAvazyaka niyukti] (sa) ..... yazca yAca kAlaM karoti, sa sa sudharmasvAmine gaNaM dadAti....... [pAva. ni0, gA0 658 kI malayavRtti] (ka) ime agyatArA samaNA niggaMthA viharaMti ee Na samme majasuhammassa bhaNagArassa 'bhAvadhijjA, pravasesA gaNaharA niravaccA nidhnaa| [kalpa sthavirAvalI] (ba) madhunakAdazAMgyasti, sudharmasvAmibhASitA // 14 // [prabhAvakacaritra, 8 vRdayAdicaritra, pR. 57] tatra sarvazena paramapiNA paramAcisyakevalajJAna vibhUtivizeSeNa arthataH, pAgama, uddiSTaH / .........."tasya sAkSAt ziSyaH mukhyatizayaniyukta : gaNaparaiH zrutakebalibhiranusmRtamanya racanam-aMgapUrvalakSaNam / [sarvArthasidi, 12.] aMgapraviSTamAcArAdi dvAdazabhedaM burApatizadi-yuktagaNaSarAnusmRta grantha racanam // 12 // bhagavadarhatsarvajJahimavanigaMtavAggaMgAdhyavimalasalilaprakSAlitAntaHkaraNaH buddhapatizayaddhiyuktarga pararanusmRtapranyaracanam-prAcArAdi dvAdavidhamaMgapraviSTamityucyate / tadyathA- prAcAraH, sUtrakRtam sthAnam, samavAyaH, vyaakhyaapraapti.."|| [tatvArthavArtika, 1920 - 12, pR0 72] ... ................"ahaMbhASitArtha gaNadharadevaiH prathitam-iti vacanAt / [tasvArtha zlokavAttika, pR. 6]

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prAcArya pUjyapAda devanandi dvArA " tatra sarvajJena paramarSiNA " - isa pada meM kiye gaye tRtIyA vibhakti ke eka vacana ke prayoga se tathA - "tasya sAkSAt ziSyaiH buddhapatizayayuktaH gaNadharaiH zrutakevalibhiH" isa pada meM gaNadharoM ke liye prayukta tRtIyA vibhakti ke bahuvacana se nirvivAda rUpeNa yahI artha prakaTa hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prarthataH zrAgamoM kA jo upadeza diyA usI ko saba gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM grathita kiyA / isameM Age UhApoha athavA zaMkA ke liye kisI prakAra kA avakAza nahIM raha jAtA / . dUsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki bhagavAn se arthataH AgamoM kA upadeza sunakara indrabhUti gautama ne usI dina eka muhUrta meM dvAdazAMgI kI pratiracanA kI / tiloyapatti, ' dhavalA, jayadhavalA indranandikRta zrutAvatAra aura aMgapaNNattI' meM isI mAnyatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / dhavalAkAra ne uparivariNata mAnyatA ke pratipAdana ke pazcAt prAge calakara apanI eka aisI mAnyatA rakhI hai, jo digambara zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya Adi sabhI paramparAoM ke upalabdha samasta jaina sAhitya meM anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotI / dhavalAkAra ne kevala dvAdazAMgI ko hI nahIM apitu sAmAika, dazavaikAlika Adi 14 sUtroM, 14 prakIrNakoM evaM aMgavarNya bhAgamoM ko bhI eka mAtra indrabhUti dvArA hI grathita batAte hue likhA hai *-. ko hodi tti sohammada cAlaNAdo ( praznena ) jAdasaMdeheraga paMca paMcasayaMtevAsisihiyabhAduttidayaparivudeNa mAraNatthaMbhadaMsaNeNeva paraNaTThamAraNeNa vaDDhamANavisohiNA vaDDhamAraNa jiriMgadadaMsaNeNa gaTThAsaM khejjabhavajjiyagaruvakammela jiriMgadassa tipadAhiNaM kariya, paMcamuTThIya vaMdiya hiyaeraNa jiragaM jhAiya paDivaNNasaMjamera visohibale tomuhuttassa uppaNNA sesargAraMgadalakkharaNa uvaladdha jiNavayaraNaviriNaggayabIjapadeNa godamagottareNa bamharaNeraNa iMdabhUiraNA - prAyAra-sudayaDaTThA - samavAya-viyAhapaNNattiragAhadhammakahovA sayajjhayarAMtayaDa dasa praraNuttarovavA " mahAvIra bhAsiyatyo tassi khettammi tatkAle ya ||76|| vimale godamagote jAdeNaM, iMdabhUdiggAmeNaM // 78 // | bhAvasudapajjaehi pariNadamairaNA ya bArasaMgANaM / coTsa puNyAraNa tahA, ekkamuhutte viracaraNA vihidA ||76 || [tiloyapaNpatti, prathama adhikAra ] * puraNo teriMgadabhUdiraNA bhAvasuda-pajjayapariNadeNa bArahaMgANaM coTsa - puNvAraNaM ca gaMthAraNamekkeNa caiva muhateNa kameNa ratharaNA kadA | [ dhavalA, 1, 1, 1, pR0 66 ] duvAlasaMgatyeNa teNeva kAle 3 tado tela gopramagoteNa iMdabhUdiraNA tomuhuttegAvahAriya kayadubAsa saMgagaMtharaya roga.. [ jaya dhavalA ] [ indranandikRta zrutAvatAra ] [ zraMga paNNattI ] .... * tenendrabhUti-gaNinA, taddivyavacovabudhya tattvena / prastho'GgapUrvanAmnA pratiracito yugapadaparAhne // 66 // 5 sirivaDhamANamuhakaya viNiggayaM bArahaMga-sudaragANaM / fifragomameNa rayaM praviruddha surarAha bhaviyajaNA ||42 || ( 5 )

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diyadasa-paNNavAyaraNa-vivAyasutta-diTTivAdAraNaM-sAmAiya-cavIsatyaya-vaMdaNa-paDikamaraNa-vaiNaiya-kidiyamma-dasaveyAli-uttarajjhayaNa-kappavavahAra-kappAkappa-mahAkappa-puMDarIya-mahApuMDarIya, NisihiyANaM, coddasapaiNNayANamaMgavajjANaM ca sAvaNa mAsa bahulapakkha jugAdipaDivaya puSvadivase jegga rayaNA kadA teriNadabhUdi bhaDAro vddhmaarnn-jirnntitthgNthkttaaro|" dhavalAkAra prAcArya vIrasena ke samakAlIna punATa saMghIya prAcArya jinasena ne dhavalA se pUrvaracita apane grantha harivaMza purANa meM dhavalA kI apekSA aura adhika vistAra ke sAtha batAyA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dvAdazAMgI, pUrvo tathA pUrvI kI cUlikAoM ke jJAna kA upadeza dene ke pazcAt sAmAyika, caturvizati stava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa vyavahAra, kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka tathA jisameM sabhI prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna hai usa niSadyakA (nipItha) kA upadeza diyaa| tadanantara prabhu ne apanI dezanA meM mati prAdi pAMcoM jJAna ke svarUpa, viSaya, phala, aparokSa-parokSatA, mArgaNA bheda, guNasthAna vikalpoM, jIvasthAna ke bheda-prabhedoM sahita jIva dravya kA, satsaMkhyAdi anuyogoM Adi ke dvArA pudgaloM evaM unake utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyatva, bandha, mokSa, loka, aloka Adi kA vizada jJAna diyaa| prabhu ke usa upadeza ke prAdhAra para gautama gaNadhara ne graMga praviSTa dvAdazAMgI evaM upAMgoM kI racanA kii| aMgapraviSTatattvArtha, pratipAdya jinezvaraH / aMgabAhyamavocattatpratipAdyArtharUpataH // 101 / / sAmAyikaM yathArthAsyaM sacaturviMzatistavam / vandanAM ca tataH pUtAM, pratikramaNameva ca // 102 / / vainayika vineyebhyaH kRtikarma tato'vadat / dazavakAlikAM pRthvImuttarAdhyayanaM tathA // 103 / / taM kalpavyavahAraM ca kalpAkalpaM tathA mahAkalpaM ca puNDarIkaM ca, sumahApuNDarIkakam // 104 // tathA niSadhakA prAya: prAyazcittopavarNanam / jagattrayaguruH prAha patipAdyaM hinodhataH // 10 // matyAdeH kevalAntasya, svarUpaM viSayaM phalam / aparokSaparokSasya, jJAnasyovAca saMkhyayA // 106 / / mArgaNAsthAnabhedazca, guNasthAna vikalpanaH / jIvasyAnaprabhedazca, jIva-dravyamupAdizan // 107 // satsaMkhyAdyanuyogazca, snnaamaadikmaadibhiH| dravyaM svalakSaNabhinnaM, puganAdivilakSaNam // 10 // dvividhaM karmabandhaM ca, sahetuM - sukha duHkhadam / mokSaM mokSasya hetuM ca, phala cASTaguNAtmakam / / 10 / / bandha-mokSaphalaM yatra, bhujyate tatridhAkRtam / antaH sthitaM jagI lokamalokaM ca bahisthitam // 11 // atha saptaddhisampanaH zrutvArtha jinabhASitam / dvAdazAMga zrutaskandhaM, sopAMgaM gautamo vyadhAt / / 111 / / [harivaMza purANa, sarga 2, pR. 20]

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pUjyapAda devanandI ne tattvArtha sUtra kI apanI sarvArtha-siddhivRtti meM dazavaikAlika prAdi aMgabAhya prAgamoM ko prArAtIya AcAryoM kI racanA batAte hue likhA hai : _ "pArAtIyaiH punarAcArya: kAladoSAtsaMkSiptAyurmatibalaziSyAnugrahAtha dazavaikAlikAdyupanibaddham / tatpramANamarthatastadevedamiti kSIrArNavajalaM ghaTagRhItamiva / pUjyapAda devanandI ke isa ullekha se sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unake samaya taka digambara paramparA meM bhI dazavakAlika ekAdazAMgI ke samAna parama prAmANika mAnA jAtA thaa|" digambara AcArya akalaMka deva ne bhI tattvArtha vAttika meM aMga bAhya AgamoM ko pArAtIya prAcAryoM dvArA racita batAte hue likhA hai : "pArAtIyAcArya-kRtAMgArtha-pratyAsannarUpamaGgabAhyam / / 13 / / yadgaNadhara-ziSya-praziSyarArAtIyaradhigatazrutArthatattvaH kAladoSAdalpamedhAyurbalAnAM prANinAmanugrahArthamupanibaddhaM saMkSiptAMgArthavacanavinyAsaM tadaMgabAhyam / digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha mUlAcAra meM sUtra kI paribhASA karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zrutikevalI aura sampUrNa 10 pUrvo ke dhAraNa karane vAle prAcAryoM dvArA grathita Agama ko hI zruta ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai / yathA : suttaM gaNaharakathidaM, taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / / sudakevaliNAkathidaM, abhiNNadasapuvakathidaM ca // 4 // zvetAmbara paramparA ke TIkA, cUNi bhASya prAdi mAnya granthoM meM aMga praviSTa (dvAdazAMgI) ko gaNadharoM dvArA grathita evaM aMgabAhya AgamoM ko vizuddha prAgama buddhi saMyukta (caturdazapUrvadhara evaM abhinna dazapUrvadhara) prAcAryoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI ke AdhAra para racita mAnA gayA hai| . sarvArtha siTi, 1, 20, pR0 124 * tatvArtha bArtika, 1. 20, pR0 78 3 mUlAcAra 3.80 * je parahaMtehi bhagavaMtehiM praIyANAgayavaTTamANa - davvavettakAlamAvajayAvariyatavaMsIhiM pratyA parUviyA te gaNaharehiM paramabuddhisannivAyaguNasaMparaNehi sayaM ceva titthagarasagAsAmro uvalabhiUNaM samva-satAraNaM hitaTThayAya sutatteNa uvariNabaDhA taM aMgapaviThTha, mAyArAi duvAlasavihaM / [prAvazyaka cUNi, bhAga 1, pR08] jaM puNa aNNehiM visuddhAgamabuddhijuttehiM therehi prappAuyANaM maraNuyANaM prappabuddhisattINaM ca duggAhakati gAUNa taM ceva pAyArAi suyaNANaM paraMparAgataM atthato gaMthato ya prati bahuti kAUNa aNukampANimittaM dasavetAliyamAdi parUviyaM taM praNegabhedaM agpvitttth| ( 87 )

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Home muni ke hitArtha zrAcArya zayyaMbhava dvArA dvAdazAMgI meM se dazavaikAlika sUtra ke niryUha kiye jAne kA spaSTa ullekha dazavekAlika niyukti kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM kiyA gayA hai : maraNagaM paDucca sajjaMbhaveraNa, nijjUhiyA dasajbhayaraNA ! veyAliyAi ThaviyA, tamhA dasakAliyaM gAma / / ' isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmroM ke prAcIna evaM prAmANika mAne jAne vAle granthoM ke uparyuddhata ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki gaNadharoM ne prabhu mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para kevala dvAdazAMgI kI hI pratiracanA kI / dvAdazAMgI vastutaH gaNadharoM kI koI svatantra racanA nahIM hai / ananta jJAna, ananta darzana aura ananta cAritra ke dhanI tIrthaMkara prabhu mahAvIra ne jo nikhilArtha pratipAdI athAha jJAna kA upadeza diyA usa hI ko katipaya aMzoM meM hRdayaMgama kara garaNadharoM ne use dvAdazAMgI kA rUpa diyA; zrataH unakI isa grathana kriyA ke liye racanA kI apekSA pratiracanA zabda kA prayoga vizeSa upayukta jaMcatA hai / vastuta: dvAdazAMgI meM samasta jJeya ko samAviSTa kara diyA gayA thA / usameM pratipAdita jJAna ke pratirikta koI viziSTa jJAtavya pravaziSTa hI nahIM raha gayA thA, jisake liye dvAdazAMgI ke atirikta aura kisI Agama kI pratiracanA kI gaNadharoM ko AvazyakatA rahatI / "jassa jattiyAI sIsAI tassa tattiyAI paiNNagasahassAI " - nandIsUtra ke isa ullekhAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAkSAt ziSyoM (garaNadharoM ke atirikta ) tathA pratyeka buddhoM, zayyaMbhava aura bhadrabAhu jaise caturdaza- pUrvaghara tathA zyAmArya jaise dazapUrvadhara evaM zrutArthatattvapAragAmI devaddhi jaise prAcAryoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI ke prathAha jJAna meM se sAdhakoM ke liye paramopayogI jJAna ko cuna-cuna kara pRthak-pRthak prakIroM ke rUpa meM saMkalita Agama hI aMgabAhya Agama haiM / yadi saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jAya to upayukta hogA ki aMgavAhya grAgama dvAdazAMgI rUpI pragAdha zramRtasAgara meM se bhara kara pRthakataH rakhe hue gramRtaghaTa tulya haiM / ina saba tathyoM ke paryAlocana ke pazcAt sunizcita rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prabhu kI prathama dezanA ke pazcAt usI dina gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI / tadanantara tIrthaMkara ke samasta pratizayoM se yukta bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 30 varSa taka vicaraNa karate hue apanI dezanAtroM meM samasAmAyika, bhUta prathavA bhAvI ghaTanAoM, caritroM, dRSTAntoM Adi prasaMgopAtta vividha viSayoM kA jo digdarzana karAyA unake AdhAra para sthaviroM ne zrAgamoM kI racanA kii| jaisA ki 'uttarAdhyayana' zabda kI vyutpatti se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki yaha sUtra prabhu mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye uttarakAlavartI upadezoM ke AdhAra para prathita adhyayanoM kA saMkalana hai | samavAyAMga aura kalpasUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra " dazavaMkAlika niyukti, gA. 15 ( vahI ) ' 53 }

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ne solaha prahara kI apanI antima dezanA meM puNya phala ke 55, pApa phala vipAka' ke 55 evaM apraSTa vyAkaraNa (uttarAdhyayana) ke 36 adhyayana kahe aura 37 veM adhyayana kA upadeza dete dete ve zailezI dazA meM pahu~ca nirvANa ko prApta ho gaye / isa prakAra zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke uparicita ullekhoM ke paryAlocana se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kisI eka gaNadhara ne nahIM apitu sabhI gaNadharoM ne kI aura nirvANAnantara pazcAdvartI kAla meM samaya samaya para AvazyakatAnusAra caturdaza pUrvadhara tathA kama se kama dazapUrvadhara AcAryoM ne aMgabAhya AgamoM kI dRSTivAda ke pUrvAMga meM se saMkalanA kii| prAcArya vIrasena ne gautama dvArA dvAdazAMgI ke sAtha hI aMgavarNya 14 prAgamoM kI racanA kA jo ullekha dhavalA meM kiyA hai, usa para eka prazna upasthita hotA hai| vaha yaha hai ki digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthakAroM evaM svayaM dhavalAkAra ke ullekhAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0683 ke pazcAt sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI meM se kisI eka aMga taka kA jJAtA muni bhI yahAM vidyamAna nahIM rhaa| Rmika hrAsa hote hote vIra nirvANa saMvat 683 meM avaziSTa aMtima aMga prAcArAMga kA bhI AryadharA se lopa ho gayA / taba prazna uThatA hai ki aMgavayaM pAgamoM kA kyA huA? ve kucha avaziSTa rahe, athavA dvAdazAMgI ke sAtha ho sabake saba vilupta ho gaye ? na to dhavalAkAra ne isa viSaya meM koI ullekha kiyA hai aura na kisI anya granthakAra ne hii| isa mahattvapUrNa prazna para zodhapriya vidvAn avazya prakAza DAleMge aisI prAzA hai| 2. zrutakevalikAla-pRSTha 261 se 380 taka kula 86 pRSThoM ke isa prakaraNa maiM zrutakevalikAla ke caturdazapUrvadhara 5 prAcAryoM ke jIvana paricaya ke sAtha zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM una prAcAryoM kI samAna saMkhyA kiMtu nAmabheda, unake samaya meM ghaTita viziSTa aitihAsika mahatva kI ghaTanAoM, dazavakAlikasUtra kI racanA, prathama Agama vAcanA, chedasUtroM kI racanA, bhadrabAhu ke itivRtta ko lekara donoM paramparAmoM meM vyApta katipaya bhrAnta dhAraNAmoM, bhinna samaya meM hue prAcArya bhadrabAhu aura mauryasamrATa candragupta ko samakAlIna ThaharAne tathA unake samaya meM digambara zvetAmbara-bheda ke tathAkathita bIjAropaNa kI kevala kAlpanika (evaM nitAnta nirmala) mAnyatA ke janma tathA kramika vikAsa, upalabdha niyuktiyoM ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAha kI racanA mAnane viSayaka bhrAnti, prosavAla vaMza kI utpatti, godAsa gaNa tathA sarvaprathama godAsagaraNa aura usakI zAkhAoM ke prAdurbhAva Adi mahatva ke aneka viSayoM para anusandhAnAtmaka vivecana prastuta kara yathAzakya pUrA prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / ___ yaha prakaraNa vastutaH aneka dRSTiyoM se bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara - donoM hI paramparAgoM ke paravartI granthakAroM dvArA vIra nirvANa ye donoM vipAkamUtra se bhinna haiM, vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hote / 2 dekhiye jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 470 ( 86 )

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saM0 170 (zve. mAnyatAnusAra) athavA vIra ni0 saM0 162 (digambara mAnyatAnusAra) svargastha hue zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke sAtha anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 630 se 660 ke bIca hue naimittika bhadrabAhu ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko nAma sAmya ke kAraNa jor3a die jAne ke phalasvarUpa donoM paramparAmoM meM eka lambe samaya se aneka bhrAnta dhAraNAeM calI A rahI haiN| isa prakaraNa meM inhIM donoM paramparAoM ke prAcIna evaM madhyayugIna granthoM tathA zilAlekha ke AdhAra para donoM paramparAoM ke hRdayoM meM ghara kI huI una bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara - ina do paramparAoM ke rUpa meM kisa prakAra vibhakta huyA - isa viSaya meM to donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM meM prAkAza-pAtAla kA sA antara hai| kintu yaha matabheda kisa samaya utpanna humA - isa prazna para yadi moTe taura para vicAra kiyA jAya to donoM paramparAtroM kI mAnyatA meM koI vizeSa antara dRSTigocara nahIM hogaa| kevala tIna varSa kA antara hai| isa prakAra kA sampradAyabheda digambara paramparA kI prAcIna evaM sAdhAraNatayA vartamAna meM pracalita mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0606 meM aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI sarvasammata mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM utpanna hugrA, mAnA jAtA hai| digambara mata kaba aura kisa prakAra utpanna huA isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI granthakAra ekamata haiN| jabaki zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti kaba aura kisa prakAra huI - isa viSaya meM digambara paramparA ke granthakAroM meM mataikya nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke jina-jina granthoM meM ullekha dekhe gaye haiM ve saba paraspara eka dUsare se nyUnAdhika bhinna hI haiN| prastuta grantha ke uparilikhita prakaraNa meM pRSTha saMkhyA 337 se 358 taka 22 pRSThoM meM etadviSayaka digambara paramparA kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| digambara-paramparA ke prAcArya devasenakRta 'bhAvasaMgraha' (darzanasAra ke kartA se bhinna) prAcArya hariSeNakRta 'vRhatkathAkoSa' (vIra ni0 saM0 1456), apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi rayadhUkRta 'mahAvIra carit' (vi0 saM0 1465 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1965) aura bhaTTAraka ratnanandikRta 'bhadrabAhu caritra' (vi0 saM0 1625 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 2065) - ina cAra grantho meM zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI utpatti ke sambandha meM sabase prAcIna ullekha 'darzanasAra' kA hai| apane se pUrvavartI kisI prAcIna prAcArya dvArA racita eka gAthA' ko prAcArya devasena ne vi0 saM0 660 meM racita apane ' chattIse varisasae vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraThe uppaNNo, sevaDasaMgho hu vllhiie|| [darzanasAra tathA bhAvasaMgraha] ( 10 )

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choTe para aitihAsika mahattva ke grantha 'darzanasAra' meM ullekha kiyA hai| usI gAthA ko mUlAdhAra ke rUpa meM prathama sthAna dete hae devasena' (darzanasAra ke racayitA devasena se bhitra) ne apane grantha 'bhAvasaMgraha' meM zveta paTa saMgha kI utpatti kA jo vivaraNa diyA hai usase nimnalikhita bAteM spaSTataH prakaTa hotI haiM : / 1. nimitta jJAnI bhadrabAhu nAmaka prAcArya vikrama saM0 124 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa samvat 564 meM ujjayinI meM Thahare hue the| 2. unhoMne apane nimittajJAna ke bala para samasta zramaNa saMghoM ko sUcita kiyA ki avantI sahita samasta uttarApatha meM bhISaNa duSkAla par3ane vAlA hai jo 12 varSa taka clegaa| ataH sabhI zramaNa uttarApatha se vihAra kara subhikSA vAle kSetroM kI ora cale jaayN| 3. sabhI prAcArya apane-apane saMgha sahita uttarApatha se vihAra kara anyatra cale gaye / zAnti nAmaka prAcArya saurASTra pradeza ke vallabhI nagara meM pahu~ce para vahAM bhI bar3A bhayaMkara duSkAla par3a gyaa| duSkAlajanya aparihArya paristhitiyoM meM zAntyAcArya ke saMgha ke zramaNoM ne daNDa, kambala, pAtra, zvetavastrAdi dhAraNa kara zramaNoM ke liye vajita zithilAcAra kI zaraNa lii| 4. zeSa zramaNoM ke saMgha jahAM jahAM gaye vahAM saMbhavataH subhikSa rahA aura unhoMne apane vizuddha evaM kaThora zramaNAcAra meM kisI prakAra kA zaithilya nahIM Ane diyaa| 5. subhikSa hone para zAntyAcArya ne apane ziSya-samUha ko satparAmarza diyA ki ve daNDa, vastra, pAtrAdi kA parityAga kara prAyazcita leM aura pUrvavat kaThora zramaNAcAra meM pravRtta ho jAyaM / zAntyAcArya ke kaTusatya Adeza se kruddha ho unake jinacanda nAmaka pramukha ziSya ne unake kapAla para daNDa prahAra kiyA jisase unakA prANAnta ho gyaa| 6. zAntyAcArya kI hatyA kara jinacandra unake saMgha kA prAcArya bana gayA aura usane svecchAnusAra apane prAcaraNa ke anukUla navIna zAstroM ko racanA kii| 7. digambara mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 162 meM svargastha hue zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA na kahIM isameM ullekha hai aura na vizAkhAcArya, rAmilla, sthUlavaDa, sthUlAcArya athavA samrATa candragupta kA hii| yaha pUrA vivaraNa vastutaH vi0 ' 'bhAva saMgraha' aura 'suloyaNA cariu' ke racanAkAra devasena ne apane pApako nibaDideva kA praziSya aura vimalasena (praparanAma maladhArideva) kA ziSya batAyA hai| inhoMne 'suloSaNA cariu' meM kavi-puSpadaMta kA, jinakA samaya vi0 saM0 1026 arthAt darzanasAra ke racayitA devasena se 36 varSa bAda kA hai / ina zabdoM meM smaraNa kiyA haiM :baumuha mayaMbhu-pamuhi rakSiya duhiya puSphayaMteNa / surasai surahIe payaM siri devaseNeNa / (61 )

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saM0 124 se 136 ke bIca kA aura usa samaya meM hue naimittika bhadrabAhu se sambandhita batAyA gayA hai| avantI meM bhAvI dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla kI naimittika bhadrabAha dvArA pUrva sUcanA para saMgha tathA bhadrabAha meM dakSiNagamana kA jo vivaraNa prAcArya deva sena ne prAcIna gAthA ke ullekha ke sAtha bhAva saMgraha meM kiyA hai, usakI puSTi, zramaNa velgola pArzvanAtha vasati ke zaka saM0 522 (vi0 saM0 657) ke zilA lekha se hotI hai|' aba to gahana zodha ke pazcAt digambara paramparA ke anya aneka vidvAn bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahane lage haiM ki dakSiNa meM prathama bhadrabAha nahIM apitu dvitIya bhadrabAhu gaye the| DaoN0 gulAbacandra caudharI ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI, prAcArya, pustakAlayAdhyakSa evaM prAdhyApaka navanAlandA mahAvihAra (nAlandA) ne likhA hai : __ "hama zravaNa velgola ke eka lekha (pra. bhA. naM. 1) se jAnate haiM ki dakSiNa bhArata meM sarvaprathama bhadrabAha dvitIya pAye the aura vahAM jaina dharma kI pratiSThA inase hI huI thI, para kadambavaMzI narezoM ke eka lekha (68) se mAlUma hotA hai ki IsA kI 4-5 vIM zatAbdI meM jaina saMgha ke vahAM vizAla do saMpradAya - zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha aura nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha - kA astitva thaa| isI taraha isa vaMza ke kaI lekhoM meM jainoM ke yApanIya aura kurcaka nAma saMghoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jo ki eka prakAra se ukta donoM se bhinna the| dakSiNa bhArata meM nirgrantha sampradAya evaM yApanIya tathA karcaka saMpradAyoM kI sthApanA kisane kI, yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se hameM lekhoM se vidita nahIM hotI, para yaha kahane meM zAyada Apatti nahIM hogI ki nigraMndha sampradAya vahAM bhadrabAha (dvitIya) dvArA sthApita huaa|" uparilikhita prAcIna gAthA, zilA lekha evaM zodhakartAoM dvArA samarthita prAcArya devasena ke vivaraNa ke viparIta prAcArya hariSeNa (vIra ni0 saM0 1456) ne apane 'kathAkoza' meM vIra ni0 saM0606 ke AsapAsa hue nimitajJa bhadrabAhu ke isa pAkhyAna ko vIra ni0 saM0 162 meM svargastha hue zruta kevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3akara nimnalikhita navIna bAteM aura bar3hA dI haiN| ....... mahAvIra savitari parinite..... gauttama... 'lauhArya jambuviSNudevAparAjita govana-bhadrabAhu-vizAkha-proSThila-kRtikAya-jayanAma-siddhArtha-vRtiSaNa-buddhivAdi guru paramparINa bakra (ka) mAmyAgatamahApuruSa-saMtati samavadyoti tAnvaya bhadrabAhusvAminA ujjayanyAmaSTAMgamahAnimittatattvajJena kAlpazinA nimittena dvAdazasaMvatsarakAlavaiSamyamupAmabhya kathite sarvasaMgha uttarApapAkSiNApathaM prasthitaH / [na zilAlekha saMgraha bhA0 1, zilAlekha saM0 1] . [jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA. 3 (mANikacandra diga. jaina graMtha mAlA samiti), prastAvanA, pR. 23]

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avantI meM bhAvI bAraha varSIya duSkAla ko sUcanA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne zramaNa saMgha ko dete hue nirdeza diyA ki saba zramaNa uttarA patha se dakSiNApatha meM lavaNa samudra ke taTavartI pradeza kI ora vihAra kara jaayN| duSkAla kA hAla sunakara maurya samrATa candragupta ne caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadravAhu ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa karalI aura 10 pUrvo kA adhyayana kara ve vizAkhAcArya ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| unheM apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kara bhadrabAha vahIM rahe aura vizAkhAcArya ne zramaNa saMgha sahita dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kiyaa| ve dakSiNa ke punnATa pradeza meM phuNce| rAmilla, sthUlAcArya evaM sthUlabhadra ye tInoM apane saMgha ke sAtha sindhu pradeza meM cale gaye / prAcArya bhadrabAhu ujjayinI ke antargata bhAdrapada nAmaka sthAna para anazana kara evaM samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara svargastha hue| vizAkhAcArya (candragupta) apane zramaNa samUha ke sAtha jisa pradeza meM gaye the vahAM subhikSa rahA aura ve vizuddha zramaNAcAra pAlate rhe| sindhu pradeza meM bhISaNa duSkAla ke kAraNa rAmilla, sthUlAcArya evaM sthUlabhadra ke zramaraNa daNDa kambala pAtrAdi dhAraNa kara zithilAcArI bana gye| subhikSa hone para rAmilla, sthUlavRddha aura sthUlabhadrAcArya ina tInoM ne nirgrantha zramaNAcAra svIkAra kara liyA para hIna manobala vAle zramaNoM ne sthavirakalpa paramparA kA pracalana kiyaa| ___ bhaTTAraka ratnanandI ne bhI vIra nirvANa samvat 2065 meM racita apane bhadrabAha caritra nAmaka graMtha meM mukhya rUpa se hariSeNa kA anusaraNa karate hue nimnalikhita kucha bAteM jor3I haiM : candragupta ke 16 svapna, rAmalya, sthUlAcArya evaM sthUlabhadra Adi sAdhunoM kA avantI se bihAra kara ujjayinI ke upavanoM meM hI rahanA, bhadrabAhu kA dakSiNa ke liye bihAra, para eka vistIrNavana meM nimitta jJAna se apanI svalpAyu kA bodha hone para candraguptimuni (rAjA candragupta) ke sAtha vahIM ruka jAnA aura vizAkhAcArya ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kara samasta zramaNasaMgha ke sAtha bAhara varSa paryanta dakSiNI pradezoM meM vicaraNa karate rahane kA nirdeza, candragupti aura vizAkhAcArya ko pRthak-pRthak do muni batAnA arthAt hariSeNa ne candragupta ke dIkSita hone para usakA nAma vizAkhAcArya rakhe jAne kA jo ullekha kiyA hai usakA nirAkaraNa kara candragupta ko candragupti muni batAnA, candragupti muni ko devanirmita nagara meM devapiNDa prApta hote rahanA, bhadrabAhu ke svargagamana ke ananta ra unake caraNa-cinhoM kI sevA, rAmalya, sthUlAcArya, sthUlabhadrAdi zramaNoM kA veSa parivartana aura zithilAcAra, subhikSa ho jAne para vizAkhAcArya kA punaH pravantI kI ora vihAra, mArga meM candragupti se milana, devapiNDa kA saba zramaNoM dvArA grahaNa, rahasyodghATana, prAyazcita, vizAkhAcArya kA avantI meM prAgamana, unake dvArA zramaNAcAra se viparIta veSa aura pAcaraNa dhAraNa karane vAle rAmalya

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Adi ke sAdhunoM kI bhartsanA, sthalAcArya dvArA apane zramaNoM ko vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke pAlana karane kA parAmarza, kruddha sAdhuoM dvArA sthUlAcArya kI hatyA prAdi / ___bhaTTAraka ratnanandI se 130 varSa pUrva hue kavi rayadhU (vIra ni. saM. 1965) ne mahAvIra carit meM cANakya dvArA candragupti ko rAjarAjezvara banAye jAne, candragapti ke putra vindusAra, pautra azoka prapautra euku (kuraNAla) kA varNana karate hue sautelI mAM ke SaDayantra dvArA usako andha banA diye jAne ke ullekha ke pazcAt likhA hai ki azoka ne andhe kuNAla ke putra candragupti ko maurya sAmrAjya kA adhipati bnaayaa| kuNAla ke putra candragupti ne eka rAtri meM 16 svapna dekhe| bhadravAhu se apane svapnoM kA dAruNa phala sunakara candragupti (samprati) ne virakta ho unakI sevA meM nirgrantha-zramaraNa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| rayadhU ne isake pazcAt bhadrabAhu dvArA duSkAla kI pUrva-sUcanA se lekara subhikSa ke anantara sthalAcArya prAdi ke zramaNoM dvArA zithilAcAra meM pravRtta rahane taka kA zeSa varNana ratnanandI kI taraha hI kiyA hai| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki hariSeNa, ratnanandI Adi digamvara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne jahAM maurya samrATa candragupta ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA samakAlIna banAkara zvetAmbara digambara matotpatti kI ghaTanA ko vIra ni. saM. 162 meM ghaTita honA aura prAcArya devasena ne candragupti, vizAkhAcArya vAmilla, sthUlAcArya, sthUlabhadrAcArya Adi kisI kA kisI prakAra ullekha na karate hue vIra ni. saM. 564 meM vidyamAna bhadrabAhu nAmaka naimittika bhadrabAha ke samaya meM sampradAya-bheda honA batAyA hai vahAM rayadhU ne mauryasamrATa samprati (kuNAlaputra) ko candragupti ke nAma se abhihita karate hue usake antima samaya meM vIra ni. saM. 330 ke AsapAsa isa sampradAya bheda kI utpatti honA batAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki isa sampradAya bheda kI utpatti ke sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke pAsa koI sarvasammata prAmANika AdhAra nahIM thA, jisake phalasvarUpa jisane jaisA sunA, jisake sAmane jaisI kiMvadantI pAI usane usI ko prAdhAra mAma kara usameM apanI ora se do cAra nAma aura kucha naI bAteM baDhAkara likha DAlA / (digambara paramparA meM) yadi isa viSaya meM koI Thosa prAmANika prAdhAra hotA to jitane muMha utanI bAta' isa kahAvata ke anusAra (digambara paramparA ke) vibhinna graMthoM meM isa prakAra ke AkAza-pAtAla tulya antara vAle paraspara virodhI ullekha kadApi nahIM kiye jAte / digambara paramparA ke uparicita ullekhoM se kauna se ullekha meM kitanI saccAI hai aura kitanI korI kalpanA-yaha nirNaya to pratyeka ullekha ko itihAsa kI kasauTI para kasane ke anantara hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki digambara paramparA ke sabase prAcIna zilAlekha (zravaNa belagolapArzvanAtha vasati, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, lekha saM. 1) meM prAcArya siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa evaM buddhila Adi ke bahuta kAla pazcAt hue naimittika prAcArya

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bhadrabAhu dvitIya dvArA pravantI meM bhAvI dvAdazavArSika duSkAla kI bhaviSyavANI ke pazcAt unake zramaNa saMgha sahita dakSiNa meM jAne kA ullekha hai na ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kaa| yadi yaha aitihAsika mahatva kI ghaTanA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana se sambandhita hotI to usa prAcIna zilAlekha meM isakA avazya ullekha hotaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, gahana anveSaNa ke pazcAta digambara paramparA ke Adhunika itihAsa gaveSaka bhI isI niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki dakSiNa meM prathama bhadrabAhu nahIM apitu naimittika bhadrabAhu dvitIya gaye the| hariSeNa, ratnanandI Adi vidvAnoM dvArA ullikhita zvetAmbara-digambara sampradAya bheda kI utpatti viSayaka uparicacita vivaraNoM ko aitihAsika tathyoM kI kasauTI para kasane ke pazcAta ve kevala kiMvadantI para AdhArita hI nahIM apitu nitAnta kAlpanika aura tathyavihIna hI siddha hote haiM / zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu tathA dazapUrvadhara prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke prakaraNa meM bhArata, yUnAna aura vizva ke itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM isa tathya ko bhalI-bhAMti siddha kara diyA gayA hai ki IsA pUrva 327 (vIra ni. saM. 200) meM sikandara ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| IsA pUrva 324 taka uttarI sImAvartI rAjA evaM paMjAva ke choTe-choTe gaNarAjya sikandara se lohA lete hue usako Age bar3hane se rokate rahe / sikandara ke sarvocca senAnAyakoM tathA yUnAnI rAjadUta megasthanIja dvArA likhe gaye katipaya mahatvapUrNa tathyoM ke AdhAra para IsA pUrva tathA IsA kI prathama, dvitIya zatAbdI meM yUropIya vidvAnoM ne jo racanAeM kI, unameM spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki porasa tathA candragupta ne sikandara ko zaktizAlI nanda sAmrAjya para AkramaNa karane ke liye protsAhita kiyA thaa| unhoMne sikandara ko batAyA ki gaMgAdirAI kA rAjA vilkUla duzcaritra zAsaka hai, koI usakA sammAna nahIM karatA Adi Adi / ImA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke vidvAn jasTina ne apanI racanA 'epiToma' (sArasaMgraha) meM spaSTa likhA hai ki candragupta ne bhAratIyoM meM yUnAnI zAsana ke viruddha vidroha kI grAga bhar3akAI / usane luTeroM kA dala gaThita kiyA aura hAthI para savAra ho vaha yUnAniyoM se lar3atA rhaa| isa prakAra videzI niSpakSa sAkSiyoM se samathita kevala nirvivAda hI nahIM apitu sarvasammata aitihAsika tathya se yaha antima rupa se middha ho jAtA hai ki IsA pUrva 327 se 324 (vIra ni0 saM0 200 se 203) taka candragupta eka dezabhakta sAdhAraNa sainika ke rUpa meM aura navama nanda magadha ke mahAzaktizAlI samrAT ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thaa| sikandara ke pazcAdvartI yUnAnI zAmaka selyUkasa aura candragupta ke sambandha meM kiye gaye yUnAnI lekhakoM ke ullekhoM ke sandarbha meM candragupta, cAraNakya aura magadha samrAT navama nanda vipayaka bhAratIya aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM para vicAra karane se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki cANakya ne IsA pUrva 312 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM nanda sAmrAjya kA anta kara candragupta maurya ko pATaliputra ke sAmrAjya kA adhipati bnaayaa|

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sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna spaSTataH bhAsamAna ina aitihAsika tathyoM ke prakAza meM vastutaH digambara paramparA ke uparicabita hariSeNa, ratnanandI mAdi dvArA kiye gaye zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya ko samakAlIna batAne vAle ullekha kevala kAlpanika kiMvadantI mAtra hI siddha hote haiN| kyoMki eka mora to digambara paramparA ke sabhI granya, samasta paTTAvaliyAM vIra ni0 saM0 162 meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa honA mAnatI haiM aura dUsarI aura bhAratIya, yUnAnI evaM vizva itihAsa se nirvivAdarUpeNa yaha siddha hai ki IsA pUrva 324 (vIra ni0 saM0 203) meM arthAt zratakevalI bhadrabAhu ke svargastha ho cukane ke 41 varSa pazcAt taka candragupta sAdhAraNa sainika aura nanda magadha kA zaktizAlI samrAT thaa| 'titthogAliyapainnA' jaise prAcIna, prAmANika evaM niSpakSa anya se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM nanda sAmrAjya kA anta aura maurya sAmrAjya kA abhyudaya huaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArya hariSeNa aura ratnanandI ne jisa samaya ye vivaraNa likhe, usa samaya ye prasiddha aitihAsika tathya unake dhyAna meM nahIM pAye ki samprati ke magadha samrATa banane taka kevala pATaliputra hI magadha sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI rahI, avantI vastutaH samprati ke rAjyArohaNa ke pazcAt 1 varSa taka kumAra bhUkti meM hI rhii| isa itihAsa prasiddha tathya kI mora dhyAna na jAne ke kAraNa hI hariSeNa Adi ne maurya samrAT candragupta ke avantI meM rahane kI bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke ullekhoM ke pIche pUrvAgraha kA puTa rahA hai athavA nahIM, isa viSaya meM to sAdhikArika rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA para itanA to sunizcita hai ki pazcAdvartI bhadrabAha nAmaka prAcArya ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM ko nAmasAmyajanita bhrAntivazAt lagabhaga 444 varSa pUrva hue zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana se sambaddha kara diyA gayA hai / ____ nAma sAmya ke kAraNa kevala digambara paramparA meM hI isa prakAra kI bhrAnti utpanna huI ho aisI bAta nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI isa prakAra kI bhrAntiyAM utpanna huI aura avAntara kAla meM hue naimittika prAcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA racita niyuktiyoM, uvasaggaharastotra aura bhadrabAhu saMhitA ko tathA unake jIvana kI katipaya ghaTanAoM ko zrutakevalIbhadrabAhu ke jIvana se jor3a diyA gayA hai| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke prakaraNa meM vistArapUrvaka pramANa prastuta kara zatAbdiyoM se vyApta isa prakAra kI bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| zrutakevalIkAla ke 5 prAcAryoM meM se bhadrabAhu ko chor3a zeSa cAra zrutakevaliyoM ke nAma donoM paramparAmoM meM bhinna kyoM pAye jAte hai, isa prazna para yahAM vizeSa na kaha kara itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki jahAM taka prAcAryoM ke nAma kA prazna hai -- digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadharoM ke nAmoM

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ke sambandha meM bhI kahIM mataikya nahIM miltaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa yuga ke digambara vidvAnoM ne zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI granthakAroM dvArA sammata garaNadharoM ke nAma, grAma yAdi paricaya ko apane granthoM meM sthAna denA prArambha kara diyA hai / zrutakevalI kAla kI samApti ke pazcAt eka navIna tathya sAmane AtA hai jo vidvAnoM ke liye vicAraNIya aura gaveSakoM ke liye gahana gaveSaraNA kA viSaya pratIta hotA hai| tIrtha pravartana ke samaya se lekara prArya susthita evaM supratibaddha ke AcArya kAla ke prArambhika kucha kAla taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma saMgha nirgrantha saMgha ke nAma se loka meM vizruta rhaa| prArya sudharmA ke prAcAryakAla se prArya bhadrabAhu ( zrutavalI ) ke prAcArya kAla taka isameM kisI gaNa vizeSa kA nAma kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / para prAcAryaM bhadrabAhu ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt kalpasthavirAvalI jaisI prAcIna aura prAmANika paTTAvalI meM unake prathama ziSya godAsa ke nAma se godAsa garaNa ke pracalita hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / nirgrantha saMgha meM gae kI vidyamAnatA kA yaha sabase pahalA ullekha hone ke kAraNa vastutaH vicAraNIya hai / kalpasthavirAvalI meM godAsagaraNa kI cAra zAkhAoM - tAmalittiyA, koDivarisiyA, paMDuvaddhariyA aura dAsI khavvar3iyA - kA bhI ullekha hai jo saMbhavataH sudUrastha baMga pradeza ke tAmralipti, koTivarSa, pauNDravardhana prAdi sthAnoM meM dharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane ke phalasvarUpa una sthAnoM ke nAma se prasiddha huI pratIta hotI haiM / yahAM vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki kyA sthavira godAsa ke samaya meM zramaNa saMgha itanA vizAla svarUpa dhAraNa kara gayA thA ki zramaraNoM ke samIcIna adhyApana, anuzAsana Adi kI dRSTi se godAsagaraNa ke nAma se pRthak garaNa sthApita karane kI AvazyakatA par3I athavA sthavira godAsa aura unake vizAla zipya samUha ke nirantara prati dUra baMga pradeza meM hI vicaraNa karate rahane ke phalasvarUpa kevala pahicAna mAtra ke liye unake sAdhu samUha kI godAsagaraNa ke nAma se prasiddhi huI / bahuta soca vicAra ke pazcAt hameM to godAsagaraNa ke ullekha ke pIche upari anumAnita do kAraNoM meM se aMtima kAraNa hI ucita pratIta hotA hai / grAzA hai zodhapriya vidvAn isa para gaveSaNA kara vizeSa prakAza DAleMge / isa ullekha se eka bAta to spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pramukha ziSya godAsa ne apane ziSya samUha sahita dakSiNa meM pahu~ca kara vahAM jaina dharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA / 3. dazapUvaMdhara- kAla :- vIra nirvAraNa saM0 170 se 584 taka ke isa kAla meM Arya sthUlabhadra se lekara Arya vajra taka 11 dazapUrvadhara grAcAryoM, prArya suhastI se prArambha huI yuga-pradhAna-paramparA, Arya balissaha se prArambha huI vAcakavaMza paramparA " dekhiye harivaMza purANa, sarga 3, zloka 41 se 43, uttara purANa, 2 vIrodaya kAvya ( paM0 hIrAlAlajI zAstrI dvArA saMpAdita ) ( 17 )

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(nandIsUtra ke prAdi maMgala ke rUpa meM dI gaI paTTAvalI), gaNAcArya paramparA (prArya suhastI-paramparA kI kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI) ke uparyukta 414 varSa kI avadhi meM hue prAcAryoM aura unake samaya meM ghaTita ullekhanIya ghaTanAoM, rAjavaMzoM evaM videzI AkramaNoM prAdi kA saMkSepa meM sArabhUta paricaya diyA gayA hai / yaha prakaraNa bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa prakaraNa meM jaina kAla gaNanA kI eka jaTila gutthI ko sulajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, jo vigata eka sahasra varSoM se vicArakoM ke liye eka jaTila samasyA banI huI thii| titthogAliya paiNNA jaise prAmANika evaM prAcIna grantha meM jaina paramparA kI kAlagaNanA kA spaSTa tathA nirvivAda ullekha hone ke uparAnta bhI IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAta ke digambara evaM zvetAmbara-donoM hI paramparAnoM ke katipaya granthoM meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke svargastha hone ke 45 varSa (tiloyapaNNattI harivaMzapurANa, dhavalA Adi kI dRSTi se 53 varSa) pazcAt nanda sAmrAjya kA anta kara magadha sAmrAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hone vAle maurya samrATa candragupta ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAha kA samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke kucha eka granthoM meM jahA~ candragupta ko bhadrabAhu kA zraddhAlu dhAvaka batAyA gayA hai vahA~ digambara paramparA ke hariSeNakRta kathAkoza, ratnanandIkRta bhadrabAhucaritra prabhRti kathAsAhitya ke granthoM meM candragupta dvArA zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pAsa nirgrantha zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kiye jAne taka kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM yaha sarvasammata mAnyatA pracalita rahI hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu vIra nirvANa saM0 162 meM svargastha hue / digambara paramparA ke sarva granthoM meM bhI isI prakAra kA ullekha vidyamAna hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke etadviSayaka sabhI granthoM meM bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu vIra ni0 saM0 170 meM svargavAsI hue| dUsarI ora yaha bhI eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki cANakya kI sahAyatA se candragupta maurya ne vIra nirvANa saM0 215 meM nanda sAmrAjya kA anta kara magadha sAmrAjya ke rAyasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha ho maurya sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| para zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke uparivariNata ullekhoM ke anusAra yadi maurya samrATa candragupta ko zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAha kA zrAvaka athavA zramaNaziSya mAne to isa dazA meM yA to zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke svargArohaNa kAla ko vIra nirvANa saM0 215 ke 10-20 varSa pazcAt lAnA par3egA yA phira nanda sAmrAjya ke aMta evaM maurya sAmrAjya ke janma kAla ko vIra ni0 saM0 162 athavA 170 se nyUna se nyUnatama 15-16 varSa pIche kI ora le jAnA pdd'egaa| jaina sAhitya meM donoM prakAra ke udAharaNa upalabdha haiN| digambara paramparA ke kavi ' prastuta grantha, pR0 351 2.digambara paramparA ke kavi rayadhU ne zrutakevalI bhadrabAha ke svargagamana kAla ko vIra ni0 saM0 330 ke AsapAsa lA rakhA hai|

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rayadhU ne zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko azoka ke pautra-Nayalu (kuraNAla) ke putra candragupti (samprati) kA samakAlIna batA kara zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA prAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 330 ke AsapAsa lA rakhA hai| dUsarA udAharaNa hai zvetAmbara paraMparA ke AcArya hemacandrasUri aura digambara AcArya hariSeNa tathA ratnanandI kA, jinhoMne zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura maurya samrATa candragupta ko samakAlIna batAkara prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA svargagamana kAla kramazaH vIra ni0 saM0 170 tathA 162 aura candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 162 ke pUrva aura himavanta sthavirAvalIkAra ne to zabdoM meM vIra ni0 saM0 154 meM lA rakhA hai| kAla gaNanA meM isa prakAra kA 60 varSa kA antara kaba aura kisa kAraNa mAyA isa para niSpakSa dRSTi se cintana kiyA jAya to eka kAraNa pratIta hotA hai| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki IsA kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke digambara AcArya hariSeNa ne saMbhavataH digambara paramparA ko ati prAcIna aura zvetAmbara paramparA ko usase arvAcIna siddha karane ke abhiprAya se vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM utpanna hue sampradAya bheda kI ghaTanA ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se sambaddha kiyA ho| isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki digambara paramparA ko loka meM prabhAvanA ho isa dRSTi se bhadrabAhu ke pAsa maurya samrATa candragupta ke dIkSita hone tathA dIkSita candragupta kA hI nAma vizAkhAcArya rakhe jAne kA ullekha kiyA ho / candragupta maurya jaisA bar3A samrATa bhI jaina dharmAvalambI aura zrutakevalI bhadrabAha kA ananya zraddhAlu zrAvaka thA- yaha jAna kara logoM meM jaina-dharma kI prabhAvanA hogI isa uddezya se digambara paramparA ke prAcArya hariSeNa kA anusaraNa karate hue zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne bhI maurya samrATa candragupta ko zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA samakAlIna evaM paramabhakta zrAvaka batAyA ho| donoM paramparAoM ke etadviSayaka sabhI ullekhoM kA samIcInatayA paryAlocana karane para eka Azcaryajanaka tathya prakAza meM AtA hai ki digambara paramparA ke hariSeNa ratnanandI prAdi prAcAryoM ne bhadrabAhu candragupta viSayaka kathAnakoM meM ina donoM ke saMvat kAla Adi kA kahIM ullekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI itihAsa ke kSetra meM ina kathAnakoM kA eka kiMvadantI se adhika mahatva nahIM raha jaataa| AcArya hemacandra ne bhadrabAhu aura candragupta ko samakAlIna batAkara spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai ki prAcArya bhadrabAhu vIra ni. saM. 170 meM svargastha hue| prAcArya hemacandra dvArA kiye gaye isa ullekha se yaha spaSTarUpeNa prakaTa hotA hai ki ina donoM ko samakAlIna batAte samaya unhoMne prAcArya paramparA kI kAla gaNanA kA to pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai para rAjya kAla gaNanA meM pAlaka ke rAjyakAla ke 60 varSoM kI gaNanA karanA ve ekadama bhUla gaye' aura isa prakAra vIra ni0 ' evaM ca zrI mahAvIra, muktervarSazategate / paMcapaMcAzadadhike, candra gupto'bhavannapaH / / 336 / / [pariziSTa parva]

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maM0 215 meM zAmanAkhtu hue hI magadha samrAT vanA diyaa| gagana viSayaka truTi unhIM ke ullekha se pakar3a lI gaI / candragupta ko vIra ni0 saM0 155 meM 60 varSa pahale prAcArya hemacandra dvArA kI gaI yaha rAjyakAla dvArA kiye gaye mahArAjA kumArapAla ke kAla ke digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAmroM dvArA sarvasammati se svIkRtavikrama saMvat, I0 man, zaka saMvat tathA vIra ni0 saMvat ina saba kAlagaNanAoM ke tulanAtmaka vivecana ke anantara purgAtaH prAmANika siddha huI rAjyakAlagaNanA meM donoM parasparAtroM ke harigaMgA, hemacandra grAdi cAra grAcAryoM ne jo 60 varSa kA antara DAlakara bhrAnti utpanna kI hai, usa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa na kiye jAne kI dazA meM na kevala jaina itihAsa para ho apitu bhArata ke vigata 2300 varSoM ke itihAsa para bhI bar3A viparIta prabhAva par3atA hai / yadyapi isa lambe kAla paM cale yA rahe bahucacita prazna para hamane grAlekhyamAna granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga ( bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prakaraNa ) meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai tathApi dvitIya bhAga ke lekhana kAla meM hameM isa bhrAnti kA sadA ke liye grantima rUpa se nivAraNa karane vAle jo tathya upalabdha hue haiM unakA isa prakaraNa meM niSpakSa videzI sAdhya ke sAtha ullekha kara isa ulabhI huI gutthI ko sadA ke liye sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hamArA yaha prayAsa kahAM taka saphala rahA hai, isakA nirNaya pATaka taTastha dRSTi se kareM / IsA pUrva 327 meM bhArata para AkramaNa ke samaya sikandara ke sAtha prAye hue senAdhyakSoM dvArA likhe gaye saMsmaraNoM tathA unake ullekha ke sAtha prasiddha yUnAnI rAjadUta megasthanIja dvArA likhe gaye saMsmaraNoM ke AdhAra para videzI vidvAn jasTina (ImA kI dUsarI zatI) ne 'epiToma' (sArasaMgraha) nAmaka pustaka likhI / usa pustaka meM mikandara ke senAniyoM dvArA katipaya grA~khoM dekhI tathA pratyakSa anubhUta ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa hai| grAja me 2300 varSa pUrva kI prati prAcIna, katipaya graMthoM meM pUrNataH niSpakSa evaM prAmANika sAkSI ke una ullekhoM se isa prakaraNa maiM yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai ki IsA se 324 varSa pUrva taka nandavaMza kA zaktizAlI sAmrAjya, samrAT navama nanda aura videzI prAtatAiyoM ko bhArata kI bhUmi se bAhara khader3ane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa liye raNAMgaNa meM yuddharata yuvA dezabhakta yoddhA candragupta - ye sabhI vidyamAna the| isa prakAra ke pravala pramANoM se puSTa aitihAsika tathya ke samakSa candragupta maurya ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA samakAlIna, ziSya zramaNa athavA sAkSAt Avaka batAne vAle kathAnaka kA mUlya eka nirAdhAra kivadantI athavA kapolakalpita kathAnaka se adhika nahIM ho sakatA / ' pAnagaro paTTI paraNaraNamayaM viyANi yAMdA / muriyAraNa gahisamaM tIsA guNapurA milA || [tiyogAliya ilA ] * dekhiye prastuta grantha, pR0 436 / ( 100 )

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isa prakaragA ke - "prArya sthUlabhadra dvArA ati duSkara abhigraha" aura "utkaTa sAdhanA kA anupama pratIka avanti sUkumAla"- ye do aise amara grAkhyAna haiM, jo sAdhanA-patha para agrasara hone vAle prAdhyAtmika patha ke pathikoM ko sadA sarvadA zazi sUrya kI taraha pathapradarzana karate rheNge| saMsAra ke sAhitya meM anyatra isa prakAra ke apratima pAkhyAna saMbhavataH khojane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hoNge| maurya samrATa candragupta, kaligapati mahAmeghavAhana bhikkhurAya khAravela, gardabhilla, vikramAditya Adi gajAtroM ke jIvana evaM rAjya kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai, usase na kevala jainadharma hI apitu bhAratIya itihAsa ke katipaya navIna tathyoM para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| isa prakaraNa ke - "bhrama kA nirAkaraNa" nAmaka upazIrSaka ke antargata kiye gaye vivecana meM sAmpradAyika vyAmohavazAt kucha eka Adhunika vidvAno dvArA ahiMsA ke mahAna siddhAntoM para kiye gaye doSAropaNa kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / isameM na kevala bhAratIya apitu vizva itihAsa ke katipaya aitihAmika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sahI artha meM ahiMsA ke mahAna siddhAMta hI zUravIratA kA pATha par3hAte haiM / ahiMsA meM kAyaratA ke lie kahIM lezamAtra bhI sthAna nahIM hai| bhArata meM jaba taka ahiMsA ke mahAn siddhAntoM kA antarmana se pAlana hotA rahA, taba taka mAnavatA sarvatomukhI saddhi ke sAtha samannata hotI huI zreyaSkara mamutkarSa ke uccatama zikhara para prAsIna rahI, deza sarvataH susampanna, svatantra, zaktizAlI. aura sUkhI banA rhaa| nirvANa pazcAt udAyo, nandivardhana. azoka aura vikramAditya jaise vizvavandhutva kI bhAvanA se prota-prota evaM himA ke pujArI rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla vizva itihAsa meM isa bAta ke pratIka haiM ki saccI ahiMsA kA anupAlana hI vastuta: saukhya-samRddhi evaM kalyANa kI ku~jo hai| ahiMsA ke siddhAntoM ne vizva kI kevala mAnavatA para hI nahIM apitu vizva ke samasta bhUtamaMgha para asIma upakAra kiyA hai| jyoM-jyoM mAnava ahimA ke vizvakalyANakArI siddhAntoM ko bhUlatA gayA tyoM-tyoM vaha mAnavIya guragoM meM vihIna ho dAsatA, aura dAruNa duHkha dvandva ke nibir3atama bandhanoM meM prAbaddha ho rasAnala meM giratA gyaa| isa prakaraNa ke - "prA. sahastI ke bAda kI saMgha vyavasthA"- isa upazIrSaka ke antargata gagoM, zAkhAnoM, gaNadhara vaMza paramparA, vAcanAcArya paramparA aura yuga-pradhAnAcArya paramparA ke udbhava prayojana aura kramika vikAsa kA eka suspaSTa citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kAlavazAt avazyaMbhAvI gaNavAhalya evaM aneka AcAryoM ke pRthaka astitva ko, mAnyatA pradAna karate hue usa samaya ke dhamarA zreSThoM ne jo duraNitA pUrNa buddhi kauzala prazita kiyA aura usake phalasvarUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma-saMgha vividhatA meM bhI apanI ekarUpatA banAye rakha sakA, umakA bhI isa prakaraNa meM vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| 4. sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla - zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni. saM0584 se 1000 taka kA kAla sAmAnya pUrvadharakAla mAnA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa

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meM zrAryaM revatI nakSatra se lekara Arya devaddhigaraNI kSamAzramaNa taka 10 vAcanAcAryo, Arya rakSita se prArya satyamitra taka 10 yugapradhAnAcAryoM, prArya ratha, candra, sAmaMtabhadra vRddhadeva, pradyotana, mAnadeva Adi gaNAcAryoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa prakararaNa meM prayogoM ke pRthakkaraNa, zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara, jaina-zAsana meM sampradAyabheda, digambara paramparA meM saMghabheda, yApanIya saMgha, gacchoM kI utpatti, caityavAsa, skandilIyA evaM nAgArjunIyA- ina donoM bhAgamavAcanAoM, vIra ni0 saM0 180 meM vallabhI nagara meM huI antima AgamavAcanA ke samaya zrAgama-lekhana, prArya devaddha kI guru-paramparA, sAmAnya pUrvadhara kAla sambandhI digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA, prajJApanA sUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama kA tulanAtmaka paricaya, nandisaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ko lekara digambara paramparA meM vyApta kAlanirNaya viSayaka bhrAnti zrAdi katipaya mahatvapUrNa tathyoM para vistArapUrvaka prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / vIra ni0 saM0 605 tadanusAra I0 san 78 se prArambha hue zAlivAhana zAkasaMvatsara ke sambandha meM yadyapi isa prakaraNa meM paryApta prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai tathApi isa sambandha meM eka spaSTIkaraNa paramAvazyaka hai / katipaya vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki bhArata meM kuSAraNa rAjya kI nIMva DAlane vAle kuSAsA rAjA kaniSka ne I0 san 78 meM siMhAsanArUr3ha hote hI apane nAma se jisa kaniSka saMvat kA pracalana kiyA, vahI zaka saMvatsara ke nAma se prasiddha huA / saMyoga kI bAta hai ki bhArata bhUmi se zaka sattA kA anta kara jisa varSa sAtavAhanavaMzIya gautamIputra sAtakaraNa ne zakAri vikramAditya kI upAdhi dhAraNakara zAlIvAhana zAka-saMvatsara kI sthApanA kI usI varSa meM bhArata ke pazcimottara bhAga para adhikAra kara kaniSka ne bhI apane rAjyAroharaNa kI smRti meM kaniSka saMvat kA pracalana kiyaa| isa prakaraNa meM yaha spaSTataH ullekha kara diyA gayA hai ki kuSAraNavaMzI kaniSka pArthiyana thA / usane zakoM ko uttarI bhArata meM parAsta kara bhArata ke dakSiNa-pazcimI pradeza kaccha evaM saurASTra kI ora khader3a diyA / aisI sthiti meM zakoM ke zatru eka kuSAragavaMzI ( pArthiyana) rAjA dvArA zakoM ke nAma para kisI saMvatsara ke pravartana kI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| usa samaya kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke paryavekSaraNa se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vartamAna meM pracalita zaka saMvatsara zakoM dvArA sthApita nahIM zrapitu zakAri vikramAditya ke viruda se vibhUSita gautamIputra sAtakariNa dvArA, avantI, saurASTra evaM pazcimI bhArata se zakoM kI videzI sattA ko samApta kiye jAne ke upalakSa meM sthApita zakti kA pratIka zAka saMvatsara hai / usI varSa kuSANavaMzI rAjA kaniSka ne bhI kaniSka saMvat calAyA ; ataH ina donoM saMvatsaroM kI pRthakataH pahicAna ke lie sAtakariNa dvArA sthApita zAka saMvatsara ke sAtha zAlivAhana athavA sAtavAhana ( sAtakariMga kA vaMza) vizeSaraNa jor3A gayA / jisa prakAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke prakaraNa meM digambara paramparA ke hariSeNa, ratnanandI, devasena Adi prAcAryoM tathA kavi rayadhU dvArA zvetAmbara prastuta grantha, pRSTha 626 ( 102 )

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matotpatti ke sambandha meM kiye gaye ullekhoM ko yathAvat unhIM ke mRdu prathavA kaTu zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usI rUpa meM isa prakaraNa meM bhI " jaina- zAsana meM sampradAyabheda" nAmaka upazIrSaka meM digambara matotpatti viSayaka zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM ke ullekha ko yathAvata prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM hamArA uddezya donoM ora ke ullekhoM ko yathA rUpa meM itihAsajJoM, anusandhAtAoM evaM pAThakoM ke samakSa rakhanA mAtra hai / vastusthiti ko rakhane ke atirikta anya kisI prakAra kI bhAvanA nahIM rahI hai / isa prakAra prajJApanA sUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama kA tulanAtmaka vivecana tathA nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ko digambara paramparA ke katipaya coTI ke vidvAnoM dvArA tiloyapaNNattI, harivaMza purANa, uttara purANa, dhavalA, jaya dhavalA prAdi prAcIna granthoM se bhI adhika mahatva dene ke phalasvarUpa utpanna huI bhrAnta mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karate samaya hameM katipaya aise vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM ko prAmANika siddha karanA par3A hai jinhoMne jaina itihAsa, sAhitya evaM zodha ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya sevAeM dekara bar3I khyAti prApta kI hai| aisA karane meM hamArA vizuddha lakSya tathyoM ko prakAza meM lAnA mAtra rahA hai| isa prakaraNa ke anta meM "kevalikAla se pUrvaghara kAla taka kI sAdhvIparamparA" viSayaka zIrSaka meM Arya sudharmA se devaddha kSamAzramaraNa taka kI 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM huI parama prabhAvikA pravartiniyoM evaM sAdhviyoM kA yathopalabdha paricaya diyA gayA hai / upasaMhAra prastuta grantha vora ni0 saM0 1 se 1000 taka kA jainadharma kA itihAsa / diyA gayA hai / usameM prAcAryoM, grAgamoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, garaNoM, gacchoM, kuloM zAkhA-upazAkhAoM, jana-sAdhAraNa se lekara zAsakavarga taka ke zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM, una AcAryoM ke samaya meM ghaTita huI pramukha dhArmika evaM aitihAsika mahatva kI ghaTanAoM ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha ukta avadhi meM hue rAjavaMzoM, unakI paramparAoMoM, rAjyaviplavoM, videziyoM dvArA bhArata para kiye gaye AkramaNoM Adi kA bhI yathAvazyaka jo saMkSipta athavA vistArapUrvaka paricaya diyA gayA hai, usakI pRSThabhUmi meM mukhyataH nimnalikhita uddezya rahe haiM : 1. samasAmayika dhArmika evaM rAjanaitika ghaTanAcakra kA sAtha-sAtha vivaraNa prastuta kara dhArmika itihAsa ko vizvasanIya evaM sarvAMgapUrNa banAnA / 2. jaina dharma ke prAmANika granthoM ke pariprekSya meM aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA paryavekSaNa kara nihita svArtha itihAsakAroM dvArA utpanna kI gaI prathavA utpanna kI jAne vAlI bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa / 3. jaina dharma ke itihAsa kI vividha kAraNoM se ulajhI huI jaTila ( 103 )

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gutthiyoM ko ( rAjanaitika ) itihAsa granthoM evaM jaina dharma ke prAmANika granthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se sulajhAne kA prayAsa karanA / 4. svatantratA tathA dharmaniSTha zAsakoM ke zAsana kAla meM dharma kI sarvato - mukhI prabhyunnati evaM jana-jIvana kI samRddhi meM zAsaka varga dvArA diye gaye yoga ke suphala se pAThakoM ko paricita karAnA / 5. adharmiSTha kuzAsakoM evaM videzI AtatAiyoM ke zAsana meM paratantra prajA ke sarvatomukhI patana evaM dharma ke hrAsa ke kuphala se pAThakoM ko paricita karAnA / 6. dhArmika, sAmAjika prArthika evaM rAjanaitika dRSTi se suzAsaka athavA svazAsita suzAsana jahAM sarvatomukhI samunnati kI mUla kuMjI hai, vahAM kuzAsana prabhAva-abhiyogoM evaM ghora avanati kA janaka, isa tathya kA nirUpaNa / 7. pratyeka jaina ko sunAgarika ke una sabhI paramAvazyaka karttavyoM se avagata karAnA, jinake pAlana se deza meM loka kalyANakArI suzAsana sazakta evaM samunnata hotA aura una karttavyoM se cyuta hone kI dazA meM kuzAsana ke panapane ke sAtha sAtha deza avanati ke gahare gaDDhe meM giratA hai / 8. bhAratIya itihAsa ke jisa-jisa samaya ko aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI anupalabdhi ke kAraNa andhakArapUrNa batAyA gayA hai, usa samaya kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ko jaina dharma ke prAmANika granthoM, zilAlekhoM Adi ke Thosa AdhAra para prakAza meM lAkara bhAratIya itihAsa kI TUTI kar3iyoM ko jor3anA aura isa prakAra andhakArapUrNa samaya ko prakAzapUrNa banAnA / 6. svAtantrya mUlaka suzAsana kI sukhada zItala chAyA meM hI bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika saukhya- samRddhi kA kalpataru aMkurita, puSpita, pallavita evaM suphala samanvita hotA hai / isase viparIta pAratantrya mUlaka kuzAsana ke prapAvana paMka meM surataru ke sthAna para vaiSamya kA viSavRkSa aMkurita ho dekhate hI dekhate bIbhatsa rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / usa viSavRkSa ke prasitulya patra, durvAsanA kI dussahya durgandha pUrNa puSpa, paga-paga para kutsita klezajanaka prati tIkSNa trizUlatulya kaNTaka aura prabhAva, abhiyoga, zAnti, IrSyA, kalaha, anyAya, anIti, anAcAra rUpI viSAkta phaloM se mAnava vastutaH mAnavatA ko bhUla kara kisa prakAra nArakIya kITa se bhI nikRSTa bana jAtA hai - isa tathya se pratyeka pAThaka ko avagata karAne ke abhiprAya se hI prastuta khaNDa meM dharma evaM dharmAcAryoM ke itihAsa ke sAtha sAtha usake samasAmAyika itihAsa kA bhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / mAnavatA ko dAnavatA meM parivartita kara dene vAlI bhUtakAlIna bhUloM kI punaH kisI bhI dazA meM isa dharmaprAraNa deza ke nivAsI punarAvRtti na kareM, vastutaH yahI mukhya lakSya isa varNana ke pIche rahA hai / AzA hai kevala jaina hI nahIM pratyeka dezavAsI isase preraNA lekara sadA dharma, deza aura samAja ke prati apane dAyitvoM ke nirvahana meM jAgarUka banA rahegA / ( 104 )

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- isa grantha ko sarvAMgapUrNa evaM prAmANika banAne meM hamane sampUrNa prAgamasAhitya, purANAdi prAgametara jaina vAGmaya, zruSi, smRti, purANa, koza, vyAkaraNa. piTakAdi bauddha sAhitya, prAcIna-arvAcIna prAcAryoM tathA prAcya-pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI sAmAjika dhArmika evaM aitihAsika kRtiyoM kI sahAyatA lI hai| una sabhI . granthoM evaM granthakAroM kA yahAM nAma nirdeza kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM ata: kevala saMdarbha granthoM kI sUcI unake lekhakoM ke nAma ke sAtha pariziSTa meM dI jA rahI hai / hama una sabhI granthakAroM ke prati prAntarika aAbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| saMghabheda viSayaka vibhinna vicAra - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM vicAra bheda, mAnyatAbheda athavA maMghabheda kI utpati ke sambandha meM katipaya vicArakoM evaM itihAsavidoM dvArA samaya-samaya para aneka prakAra ke vicAra prakaTa kiye jAte rahe haiM, jinameM se adhikAMza ko, etadvipayaka sabhI nathyoM para gahana vicAra-vimarza ke pazcAt mAtra aTakalabAjI kI sajA dI jA sakatI hai / katipaya vidvAnoM ne apanA yaha abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai ki bhagavAna mahAbora ke nirdhAraNa ke tatkAla pazcAt hI unake dharma saMgha meM vighaTana prArambha ho gayA thaa| apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM ve vauddha-paramparA ke grantha majjhima nikAya ke nimnalikhita uddharaNa ko prastuta karate haiM : - "ekaM samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati sAmagAme / tena kho pana mamayena nimgantho nAta putto pAvAyaM adhunA kAlakato hoti / tasya kAlakiriyAya bhinnaniggaMdhadvedhika jAtA, bhaMDana jAtA, kalaha jAtA, vivAdApannA aNNamayAM mukhasattIhiM vitudatA viharaMti / "- (majhima nihAya, bhAga 2, pR. 143 ) ukta grantha kA uparilikhita ullekha kaI kAraNoM se vivAdAspada hI nahIM avizvasanIya bhI hai| prathama kAraNa to yaha hai ki ukta grantha bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ke nirvANa se zatAbdiyoM pazcAt kI racanA hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki kevala anya sAhitya hI nahIM bauddha paramparA ke dharma granthoM meM bhI uparyukta ullekha ke viparIta isa prakAra ke pramANa upalabdha hote haiM, jinase pahapaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki buddha kA mahAvIra ke nirvAgA se lagabhaga 22 varSa pUrva hI parinirvANa ho cukA thaa|' aisI sthiti meM majjhimanikAya kA uparokta ullekha svataH hI nirAdhAra evaM tathyavihIna siddha ho jAtA hai / zvetAmbara evaM digambara-donoM hI paramparAoM ke sabhI granthoM meM prArya sudharmA se antima kevalI jambU taka eka hI prakAra kI sarvasammata paTTa paramparA kA ullekha vidyamAna hai| kevala itanA hI antara hai ki digambara paramparA meM indrabhUti gautama ko bhagavAn kA prathama paTTadhara mAnA gayA hai ' vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye - (ka) jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga. pR. 548-553 (gya) vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA (ga) bhAMgama aura tripiTaka - eka anuzIlana ( 105 )

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aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM kaivalyAlokazAlI ho jAne ke kAraNa gautama ke prati paTTadhara se bhI atyadhika sarvocca sammAna pradarzita karate hue prArya sudharmA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prathama paTTadhara mAnA gayA hai / donoM paramparAoM ke suvizAla mAhitya meM kahIM kiMcitmAtra bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM hai, jisase nirvANa pazcAt ke 64 athavA 62 varSa ke kevalikAla meM pArasparika kalaha, matabheda athavA dharma maca meM vighaTana kA grAbhAsa taka prakaTa hotA ho| ___ pUrvakAla meM jaina aura bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM meM bar3e lambe samaya taka paraspara pratispardhA rahI hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAyIra ke samakSa unake prathama nihnava jamAlI ke sAtha indrabhUti gautama kA jo vAdavivAda huA usa hI ko atizayoktipUrNa vikRta rUpa dekara bauddhaparamparA ke grantha majjhimanikAya meM uparokta ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| kisI dharmagrantha dvArA apane pramukha pratispardhI dharma ke sambandha meM kiyA gayA kaTU ullekha vastutaH kitanA prAmANika aura vizvasanIya hotA hai yaha kisI vicAraka se chupA nahIM hai| __Arya jambU ke pazcAt pA~ca zrutakevalI prAcAryoM meM se bhadrabAhu ko chor3a zeSa cAroM ke nAma donoM paramparAtroM meM pUrNataH bhinna dekhakara kucha vidvAn yaha granumAna lagAte haiM ki Arya jambU ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM matabheda utpanna ho gayA thaa| para vastutaH cAra zrutakevaliyoM ke nAma bheda ke atirikta donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA eka bhI spaSTa ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA jisase una vidvAnoM ke isa anumAna kI puSTi hotI hoN| svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke liye, unakI zramaNa evaM zramaNI paramparA ke liye zAstroM meM prayukta "NiggaMTha" vizeSaNa ko dekha kara jina vidvAnoM ne apanI yaha dhAraNA banA lI hai ki prabhU mahAvIra ne tIrthapravartana ke prathama dina se hI zramaNoM ke lie ekAntataH jinakalpa kA-nagnatva kA hI vidhAna kiyA thA, ve vidvAn Arya zayyaMbhava dvArA dvAdazAMgI meM se viryaDha athavA saMkalita dasavaikAlikasUtra meM muniyoM ke liye vastra, pAtra, kambala evaM pAdapaMchana kA ullekha dekhakara yaha anumAna lagAte haiM ki antima kevalI jambU ke nirvANa ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM nagnatA aura sopadhitA ko lekara matabheda utpanna ho gyaa| isa prakAra kA anumAna lagAte samaya ve vidvAn saMbhavataH isa bAta ko bhUla jAte haiM athavA najaraMdAja kara dete haiM ki zAstroM meM jisa prakAra zramaNoM ke liye niggaMTha zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, usI prakAra zramariNayoM ke liye bhI "riNaggaMThiyo" vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA gayA hai| (ka) goyamA jega riNaggathe vA riNagaMthI vA phAsuesariNajja.........[bhagavatI sUtra, mataka 7, 3, 1, kSetrAtikAntAdi doSa] (kha) niganyo dhiimaMto, riNagaMdhIvi na karejja chahiM ceva / ........ // 34 // [uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 26]

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vastutaH "riNaggaMTha" zabda kA saMskRta rUpa hai nirgrantha aura nirgrantha zabda kA artha hai anya rahita-granthI rahita arthAt bhavaprapaMca meM bAMdhakara rakhane vAlI hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha Adi kI gAMThoM se rahita / yaha eka bar3A mahatvapUrNa aura vicAraNIya tathya hai ki yadi "NiggaMTha" (nirgrantha) zabda kA artha ekAntataH nagnatA hI hotA to zramaNiyoM ke liye "riNaggaMThiyo" zabda kA prayoga zAstroM meM kadApi nahIM kiyA jaataa| dazavakAlika sUtra kI jina gAthAoM meM muniyoM dvArA vastra, pAtra, kambala aura pAdapuMchanaka ke upayoga meM lAne kA ullekha hai, ve gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM : jaMpi vatthaM va pAyaM vA, kaMbalaM pAyapuMchaNaM / taM pi saMjamalajjaTThA, dhAraMti pariharaMti ya // 20 // na so pariggaho vutto", nAyaputteNa tAiNA / "mucchA pariggaho vutto", ii vuttaM mahesiraNA // 21 // ' arthAt - saMyama ke nirvahana hetu athavA lajjAnivAraNArtha muni jo bhI vastra, pAtra, kaMbala athavA pAdapuMchanaka (prAdi) dhAraNa athavA parityakta karate haiM, use, bhavasAgara se bhavyoM kA kAraNa karane vAle jJAta putra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne parigraha nahIM batAyA hai| vastutaH kisI vastu para mamatva bhAva rakhanA parigraha hai, aisA maharSi (mahAvIra) ne kahA hai| ina gAthAnoM para taTastha dRSTi se gahana cintana karane para spaSTataH yahI siddha hotA hai ki tIrtha pravartana ke samaya se hI prabhu mahAvIra ne zramaNoM ke liye mukhavastrikA evaM rajoharaNa kA rakhanA to anivArya rakhA aura acIvaratva tathA sacIvaratva ko aicchika rkhaa| Arya sudharmA se devaddhi taka ke eka hajAra varSa ke itihAsa ke siMhAvalokana se bhI yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki prArya rakSita ke samaya taka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma saMgha ke zramaNa ina donoM prakAra ke dravya liMgoM meM se aicchika rUpeNa kisI eka kA pAlambana lete rhe| isa dravyaliMga ke vibheda se na unameM kisI prakAra ke gurutva laghutva kA bhAva rahatA thA aura na kisI prakAra kA matabheda hI / apane gura aura anya zramaraNoM kI anupasthiti meM zramaNoM ke saMstArakoM ko paMktiyoM meM rakha evaM una saMstArakoM meM hI zikSArthI zramaNoM kI kalpanA kara bAlaka muni vaja ne zAsra kI vAcanA dI- isa prakAra ke ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki mArya vaja kI guru paramparA ke zramaNa vastra pAtrAdi rakhate the||| damakAlika sUtra, pradhyAya 6. 2 avakAzaM ca bAlyasya, dadaccApalatastadA / sarvaSAmupapImigrAhaM bhUmau nivezya ca // 111 / / bAmA pradadau bajaH, zrutaskandhavajasya saH / pratyekaM guruvaktreNa kaSitasya mahocamAt / / 112 / / bajo'pi taM guroniM, zrutvA sajAbhayAkusaH / sabhivasya pacAsmAnaM, veSTikAH saMmukho'bhyagAt // 116 / / (prabhAvaka ca0 bajracaritam, pR07) ( 107 )

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Arya rakSita ne vastradhArI apane pitA khanta muni se kisa prakAra pUrNataH vasa kA tyAga karavAyA, isakA ullekha prabhAvaka caritra meM hai / " Arya vajra aura grAyaM rakSita ke AkhyAnoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki unake samaya taka vastradhArI aura nirvastra donoM hI prakAra ke muniyoM kI paramparAeM vidyamAna thIM / una donoM paramparAmroM ke muni paraspara eka dUsare kA pUrA sammAna hI nahIM apitu dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana adhyApana bhI karate rahate the / savastratA aura nirvastratA unake pArasparika zramaNocita Rju mRdu sambandhoM meM kabhI kahIM yAka nahIM bnii| ina saba aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM aneka vidvAnoM dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye sampradAya bheda viSayaka vibhinna abhimatoM para niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra karane para unake sabhI abhimata pramANAbhAva meM nirAdhAra aura aTakalabAjI mAtra siddha hote haiM / sampUrNa prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM kevala eka hI aisA dRSTAnta upalabdha hotA haiM, jisase kucha kSaNoM ke liye saMgha meM vicAra bheda kI jhalaka prakaTa hotI hai / vaha hai prArya mahAgiri aura Arya suhasti ke bIca sambhoga viccheda kI kSaraNasthAyI ghaTanA | usa acirasthAyinI ghaTanA ke pIche bhI mUla kAraNa vizuddha piNDeSaraNA kA thA, na ki sacIvaratva pracIvaratva kA / ina saba pramANoM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vastutaH sampradAya bheda digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvAraNa samvat 606 aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM huA / isa grantha ke sampAdana meM paM0 muni zrI lakSmIcandajI, zrI devendramuni zAstrI tathA sampAdaka maNDala ke anya sabhI sadasyoM kA samaya 2 para sahayoga milatA rahA / isake lekhana evaM sUcI nirmANa Adi kAryoM meM zrI hIrAmuni, zrI zItala muni sevA sahayoga se laghu lakSmIcandrajI, mAna muni, zubha muni, caMpaka muni Adi kA sahayoga bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / prAcAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake samasAmayika rAjavaMzoM ke kramabaddha itihAsa ke prAlekhana tathA katipaya prAcAryoM ke kAla - nirNaya meM isa grantha ke mukhya sampAdaka zrI rAThor3a ne bar3I sahAyatA kii| lagana aura niSThA pUrvaka gaveSaNA tathA upalabdha sAhitya ke AloDana ke atirikta itihAsajJa pratyUha saMghAto, vedamaMtra maMyA hataH / rASTrasya nRpatestathA / / 176 / / 1 purA samastasyApi rAjyasya, saMvodurasyAMze, zavaM zabarathasthitam / grAcakarSanirvasana, zizavaH pUrvazikSitAH / / 177 / / guccha ki nagnastAta ! mo'pyuttaraM dadau / upasargaH samuttasthau tvadvaco hyanRtaM tAka pitA prAha, TraSTavyaM dRSTameva yat / nahi / / 176 / / ko naH parigrahastasmAt nAgnyamevAstvataH param / / 181 / / ( prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 15 ) tataH ( 108

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vidvAn zrI jina vijayajI, vidvAn muni paM0 kalyANa vijayajI, kSullaka jinendravarNI, paM0 dalasukha mAnavariyA, paM0 hIrAlAlajI siddhAnta zAstrI, DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, parAmarzadAtA zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA, zrI darabArIlAlajI koThiyA Adi vidvAnoM ke sAtha vividha vivAdAspada viSayoM para carcA kara prAmANika nirNaya prastuta karane meM bhI rAThor3a ne pUrNa sahayoga diyaa| zrI rAThor3a ke prahaniza gavepaNa kAhI phala hai ki itihAsa kA Alekhana itanA sundara sarasa pramANayukta vana pAyA hai / digambara paramparA ke prAmANika granthoM-harivaMza purANa, dhavalA, zrutAvatAra, Adi purANa, mahApurANa paTTAvaliyAM, zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekhoM grAdi ke gahana adhyayana ke uparAnta hI digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM ke kAla tathA paricaya Adi ke sambandha meM vivaraNa evaM niSkarSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| anta meM hama eka bAta spaSTa karanA grAvazyaka samajhate haiM / yadyapi hamArA yaha satata prayAsa rahA hai ki nirvAraNa pazcAt 1000 varSa ke isa itihAsa meM kisI bhI dhArmika athavA aitihAsika mahatva kI koI ghaTanA zrAlekhana se bacI na raha jAya tathApi saMbhava hai kisI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA se sambandhita prAcIna grantha, zilAlekha Adi ke dRSTigocara na hone prabhRti aneka kAraNoM se katipaya mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA grAlekhana na kiyA gayA ho / prANA hai ki vidvAn pAThaka isa prakAra kI athavA anya kisI prakAra kI kamiyoM ko bhaviSya meM pUrA karane ke liye pUrA sahayoga pradAna kareMge / zivamastu sarvajagata: / ( 106 ) muni: hastimallaH

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jainadharma kAmaulika itihAsa (dvitIya bhAga) kevalI va pUrvadhara-khaNDa

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svarNimakAla prAdi tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa taka ke kAla ko bhAratavarSa kA tIrthaMkara-kAla mAnA gayA hai / ise hama bharatakhaNDa kA svarNimakAla bhI kaha sakate haiM / usa svagigamakAla meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra taka cauvIsa tIrthakara hue| unhoMne janma-jarA-vyAdhi evaM mRtyu ke ghora duHkhoM se pUrNa, anAdikAla se calatI A rahI karAlakAla kI vizAla cakkI meM pisate hue ananta prANiyoM kI dAruNa evaM dayanIya dazA se rakSA karane aura bhavatApa se unakA uddhAra karane hetu apane-apane samaya meM dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kii| unhoMne mAnava ko na kevala mAnava ke prati apitu saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati nauhArda, prAtmIyatA, nizchala-vizuddha prema evaM vizva-bandhutva kA sakriya pATha par3hAte hue vAstavika mAnavatA kA prazasta patha pradarzita kiyaa| samve jIvAvi icchaMti jIviuMna marijjiuM'2 tathA 'dhammo maMgalamUkkida; ahimA saMjamo tavo' ke antastalasparzI divya ghopoM se tIrthaMkaroM ne jAti, varga, varga evaM raMga-bheda se vihIna eka aise mAnava-samAja kI sthApanA kI, jisameM na kevala mAnava ke hI prati apitu nikhila vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ke prati yAtmIyatA kA athAha prema labAlaba bharA huA thaa| una karugagAkara tIrthaMkaroM ne jagaha-jagaha apratihata vihAra kara bhIpagA bhavajvAlAoM meM nirantara jhulasate hue saMsAra ke amita prANiyoM ko apanI pIyugavapiNI amRtatulya amogha vANI se prApyAyita karate hue unakA uddhAra kara unheM ananta-akSaya sukhasAgara, zivadhAma kA adhikArI bnaayaa| usa anirvacanIya sukhamaya tIrthaMkara-kAla meM tevIsa antarAloM aura paune tIna panyoM ke tIrthocchittikAla ko chor3akara zeSa sampUrNa samaya meM isa bharatakhaNDa ke dharAtala aura gaganamaNDala meM tIrthaMkaroM kI 35 atizaya yukta divya vAgI gaMjatI ' (ka) savva jaga-jIva rakkharaNa- dayaTThayAe bhagavayA pAvayaga sukahiyaM / [praznavyAkaraNa-sUtra, dvitIya bhAga, prathama saMvara dvAra] (kha) saddharma-tIrtha kurvantIti tIrthaMkarA........... kRtino'pi tIrthakaranAmodayAt bhavya sattvAnukampAparatayA ca saddharma-tIrthapradezanazIlA ......... [vize. bhA., svopajJa TIkA, (bhA. saM. vi. ahamadAbAda) gA. 1044, pR0 166]. 2 dazavakAlika sU., pra. 6, gA. 11 3 dazavakAlika sU., a. 1, gA. 1

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga rahI aura tIrthaMkaroM ke 34 atizayoM evaM praSTa mahAprAtihAryoM se yaha martyaloka svargaloka se bhI atizaya sundara, kamanIya, ramaraNIya aura sukhada banA rhaa| vaha asaMkhya varSoM kA kAla isa bhAratavarSa kA utkRSTa svariNamakAla thaa| para bharata khaNDa ke isa vartamAna avasarpiNIkAla ke antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAta bhAratavarSa tIrthaMkaroM ke ina 34 atizayoM, vANI ke 35 guNoM aura unake aSTa mahAprAtihAryoM kI usa anirvacanIya alaukika zobhA se zUnya ho gyaa| usa svarNimakAla kA prAdyopAnta saMkSipta vivaraNa 'jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa' nAmaka prAlekhyamAna granyamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM prastuta kiyA jA cukA hai| aba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANakAla se lekara eka pUrvadhara AcAryoM ke kAla taka kA aitihAsika vivaraNa isa dvitIya bhAga meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| ' dekhiye "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa", prathama bhAga, pR0 33, Ti. 2

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kevalikAla indrabhUti gautama nirvANa - vIra nirvANa samvat 12 Arya sudharmA prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 1 se 20 Arya jambU AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 20 ro 64

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kevalikAla jisa prakAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvAraNa taka kA kAla tIrthaMkara-kAla mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra tIrthaMkara-kAla ke pazcAt kA, vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 1 se vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 64 taka kA kAla jaina jagat aura jaina itihAsa meM kevalikAla ke nAma se pahicAnA jAtA hai / Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra ( 2500) varSa pahale kArtika kRSNA mAvasyA kI arddharAtri ke pazcAt pratyUSakAla kI velA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra mokSa padhAre / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ke usa nirvAraNa samaya se hI vIra nirvANa saMvatsara kA prArambha huA / vIra nirvAraNa saMvat ke prArambhika prathama dina meM hI atyanta aitihAsika mahatva kI nimnalikhita tIna pramukha ghaTanAeM ghaTIM : (1) usI nirvAraNa rAtri ko ma0 buddha ke samavayaska avantI ke mahArAjA caNDapradyota (jinakA ma0 buddha ke janmadina ko hI janma huA thA) kA 58 varSa kI Ayu meM dehAvasAna aura avantI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para caNDapradyota ke putra pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka | ( 2 ) prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko kevalajJAna kI prApti | 3 (3) paMcama gaNadhara sudharmA svAmI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcArya-pada pradAna / pasakAla samayaMsi saMpaliyaMka nisanne kAlagae sabvadukkhaprahINe / [ kalpasUtra, sU0 146 sivAnA saMskaraNa ] 2. (ka) siri jiraNanivvANagamaraNarayariNae ujjeraNIe caNDapajjo maraNe pAlo rAyA hisito | [siri dusamAkAla samaraNasaMgha thayaM, pravacUri (paTTAvalI samu0, bhA0 1 ) ] (kha) jaM raryAraNa siddhigamro arahA, titthayaro mahAvIro / taM rayariNamavaMtie mahisito pAlo rAyA // 9 [ titthogAlI pannA, gA0 620 ] (ga) jakkAle vIrajiraNo, riNasseyasasaMpayaM samAvaNNo / takkAle prabhisito, pAlayaNAmo avaMtisudo / / 1505 / / [tiloyapaNNattI, adhikAra 4 ] 3 (ka) jaM raryAriMga va gaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kAla gae jAva savvaMdukkhappahI ge taM rayariMga ca raNaM jeTThassa iMdabhUissa kevalanAraNadaMsaNe samuppanne / [ kalpa sU0 sU0 126 ( sivAnA saM0 ) ] , (sa) jAdo siddho vIro, taddivase godamo paramaNANI / jaado......|| 1476 / / [tiloyapaNNattI, adhikAra 4 ]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga kevalikAla kA prAdurbhAva cAMvIsaveM tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa hote hI hamAre deza se tIrthakarakAla kI samApti huii| tadanantara kevalikAla prArambha hotA hai| tIrthakaraMkAla aura kevalikAla meM yaha antara hai ki kevalikAla meM tIrthaMkarakAla kI taraha tIrthaMkaroM ke 34 atizaya, 35 vAraNI ke atizaya aura aSTa mahAprAtihArya nahIM rhte| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharma-zAsana meM unake sabase jyeSTha evaM zreSTha ziSya indrabhUti gautama hue| gurubhakti ke pragAr3ha zubharAga ke kAraNa indrabhUti ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM huii| - koTi-koTi sUryoM se bhI adhika prakAza vAle ananta kevalajJAna ke dhAraka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddha-buddha-mukta hote hI prArya vasudhA se jJAnasUrya prasta hogyaa| viziSTa atizaya aura anantajJAnI tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa hote hI sArA bhUmaNDala andhakArapUrNa ho gyaa| usI rAta prathama gaNadhara mahAmuni indrabhUti gautama ke antara meM kevalajJAnarUpI sUrya kA udayaM huA, usase phira samasta bhUmaNDala kevalajJAnAloka se Alokita ho gyaa| _____ indrabhUti gautama se kevalikAla prArambha hotA hai ata: pahale yahAM unakA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| ..nihi ThAgadi logadhayAmiyA naM nahA aghatehiM vAcchijjamAhi, aMghatapaNAnaM ghamme vAMcchigjamAgo, gubagA vocchinnmaanne| [sthAnAMga, sthAna 3]

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kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama indrabhUti gautama mahAgaNanAyaka indrabhUti gautama ke alaukika gauravapUrNa virATa vyaktitva kA yathAtathya rUpa se citraNa karane kA prayAsa, ananta unmukta prakAza ko apane bAhupAza meM prAbaddha kara lene aura uttuMga taraMgoM se udvelita sAgaroM kI apAra jalarAzi ko eka gAgara meM bhara lene ke samAna hAsyAspada prayAsa hai phira bhI satya ke ananya upAsaka, prANimAtra ke parama hitaiSI aura anupama lokopakArI usa mahAmAnava dvArA mAnava jAti hI nahIM apitu prANimAtra ke liye kiye gaye ananta upakAroM ke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa karane hetu kucha likhanA Avazyaka hI nahIM apitu anivArya hai| isIliye yahAM gautamasvAmI kA yatkiMcit paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| - janma aura baMza mAvi jaina vAGmaya meM indrabhUti gautama kA unake zramaNa-jIvana se pUrva kA koI viziSTa to nahIM kintu thoDA Avazyaka niyukti meM janmabhUmi, nakSatra, mAtApitA, gotra, gahavAsa aura phira zramaNa-jIvana ke chadmasthakAla, kevalikAla, pUrNa pAyu, jJAna, nirvANakAlIna tapa, nirvANa, saMhanana tathA saMsthAna kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : indrabhUti gautama kA janma IsA se 607 varSa pUrva magadha rAjya ke sattAkendra rAjagRha ke samIpavartI gobbara grAma (gauvaryagrAma) nAmaka eka grAma ke gautama gotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM huprA / gautama gotra.7 prakAra kA hai| Apake janma ke samaya jyeSThA nakSatra thaa| Apake pitA kA nAma vasubhUti gautama aura mAtA kA nAma pRthvI thaa| inake agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti nAmaka do sahodara the| ina tInoM bhAiyoM meM indrabhUti sabase bar3e, agnibhUti maMjhale aura vAyubhUti sabase kaniSTha the| zikSA ina tInoM bhAiyoM ne vidvAn zikSA-guru kI sevA meM raha kara Rg, yaju,. sAma evaM atharva ina cAroM vedoM; zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chandas tathA jyotiSa -- ina chahoM vedAMgoM aura mImAMsA, nyAya, dharmazAstra evaM purANa- ina cAroM upAMgoM kA- isa prakAra kula milAkara sampUrNa caudaha vidyAoM kA samyak adhyayana kiyaa| ' Avazyaka malayavRtti, gA. 643 se 656, pR. 337-36. 2 je goyamA te sattavihA pnnnntaa| taM-jahA - te goyamA, te gAgA, te bhAradAyA, te aMgirasA, te sakkarAbhA, te bhakkharAbhA, te udttaabhaa| [sthAnAMga, 7 ThAraNA] 3 aMgAni vedAzcatvAro, mImAMsA nyAya-vistaraH / dharmazAstraM purANaM ca, vidyAstvetA caturdazA / / .. zikSA kalpo vyAkaraNaM, nirukta chandasAM cayaH / jyotiSAmayanaM caiva, vedAMgAni SaDeva tu|| [prAvazyaka, malayavRtti, pR0 336]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zikSA kuzAgrabuddhi hone ke kAraNa indrabhUti svalpa samaya meM hI uparyukta caudaha vidyAoM ke parama pAraMgata vidvAn bana gye| . veda-vidyA ke prAcArya evaM unake chAtra jana vAGmaya ke aneka granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki indrabhUti gautama veda-vidyA ke eka prakhyAta vidvAn prAcArya the aura unake pAsa 500 chAtra adhyayana karate the| hamAre vicAra se inake prAcArya rUpa se adhyApanakAla kA krama isa prakAra ho sakatA hai ki lagabhaga 25 varSa kI vaya meM adhyayana pUrNa karane ke pazcAt unhoMne 5 varSa taka vibhinna pradezoM meM ghUma kara vahA~ ke vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha / meM parAjita kiyA ho| jaisA ki TIkAkAra ne gautama ke dvArA kahalavAyA hai"maiMne tInoM jagat ke hajAroM vidvAnoM ko vAda meM parAjita kiyA hai|" saMbhavataH isa prakAra khyAti prApta kara lene ke pazcAt ve veda-vedAGga ke prAcArya vane hoN| unakI vidvattA kI prasiddhi dUra-dUra taka phaila jAne ke kAraNa yaha sahaja hI vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM zikSArthI unake pAsa adhyayanArtha Aye hoM aura yaha saMkhyA uttarottara var3hate-bar3hate 500 hI nahIM apitu isase kahIM adhika bar3ha gaI ho| indrabhRti ke adhyApanakAla kA prArambha unakI 30 varSa kI vaya se bhI mAnA jAya to 20 varSa ke adhyApanakAla kI sudIrgha avadhi meM adhyetA bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM snAtaka vana kara nikala cuke hoMge aura unakI jagaha navIna chAtroM kA praveza bhI avazyaMbhAvI rahA hogA / aisI sthiti meM adhyetAoM kI pUrNa saMkhyA 500 se adhika honI caahie| 500 kI saMkhyA kevala niyamita rUpa se adhyayana karane vAle chAtroM kI dRSTi se hI adhika saMgata pratIta hotI hai| gArhasthya jIvana Arya sudharmA ke vivAha kA kucha prAcAryoM ne ullekha kiyA hai, para indrabhati gautama kA vivAha hubhrA athavA nahIM, yadi huyA to kahAM huyA, isa sambandha meM sabhI paramparAeM mauna haiN| indramati kA 50 varSa kI vaya taka gahavAsa meM rahanA sabhI ko mAnya hai kintu usa avasthA taka brahmacArI rUpa meM rahe yA gRhastha rUpa meM etadviSayaka koI spaSTa ullekha kahIM para dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| niyuktikAra ne bhI "savve ya mAhaNA jaccA," isa gAthA ke mAdhyama se kevala itanA hI kahA hai ki saba gaNadhara jAti se brAhmaNa, sabhI vidvAn prAdhyApaka, sava dvAdazAMgI ke jJAtA aura sabhI caturdaza pUrvadhara the| gavepaNAzIla vidvAn isa sambandha meM prayatna kara tathya prakaTa kareM, yaha iSTa hai| yAjakAcArya ke rUpa meM karmakANDa evaM yajJa-yAgAdi triyAnoM ke anuSThAna meM pratinipAta aura vedavidyA ke pAraMgata AcArya indrabhUti kI yazogAthA dazoM dizAoM meM phaila cukI 1.citraM caiva trijagati mahasrazo nijine mayA vAdai / . [kalpa gupodhirA, zlo. 15, pR0 388]

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akAcArya ke rUpa meM ] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama thii| isake phalasvarUpa aneka vaibhavazAlI gRhastha bar3e-bar3e yajJoM kA anuSThAna karAne ke liye unheM apane yahAM Amantrita karane lge| jina dinoM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI upalabdhi huI unhIM dinoM apApA nagara ke nivAsI somila nAmaka eka dhanADhya brAhmaNa ne apane yahAM eka bar3e yajJa kA Ayojana kiyA / somila apane yajJa ke anuSThAna hetu indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, vyakta, sudharmA, maNDita, mauryaputra, prakaMpita, aMcalabhrAtA, metArya aura prabhAsa nAmaka usa samaya ke lokamAnya prasiddha karmakANDI prAcAryoM ko bar3e Agraha aura mAdara ke sAtha apApA le gyaa| somila brAhmaNa ne aura bhI aneka vidvAnoM ko usa yajJa meM Amantrita kiyaa| yajJa ke suvizAla prAyojana evaM indrabhUti Adi uparyukta udbhaTa prAcAryoM kI kIrti se prAkRSTa ho kara dUra-dUra ke pradezoM se apAra janasamaha apApA nagara kI ora yajJa kI zobhA dekhane umar3a pdd'aa| indrabhUti gautama ko unakI apratima vidvattA aura yazokIti ke kAraNa yajJa ke anuSThAna hetu mukhya prAcArya ke pada para abhiSikta kiyA gayA evaM unake tatvAvadhAna meM bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha yajJa kA anuSThAna prArambha huaa| sahasroM kaNThoM se uccarita vedamantroM kI dhvani tathA yajJavediyoM meM hajAroM zravAoM se dI jAne vAlI.pAiviyoM kI sugandha evaM dhUmra ke ghaTATopa se dharA, nabha aura samasta vAtAbaraNa eka sAtha hI guMjarita, sugandhita tathA meghAcchanna sA ho utthaa| prati vizAla yajJa-maNDapa meM upasthita janatA-janArdana prAnanda-vibhora ho eka advitIya mastI ke sAtha jhUmane lgaa| sahasA yajJamaNDapa meM upasthita sabhI logoM kI prAMkheM eka sAtha nIlagagana kI pora utthiiN| AkAza ke dRzya ko dekha kara yajJa meM upasthita logoM kI mAMkheM cauMdhiyA gii| savane vAra-vAra prAMkhoM ko malate hue spaSTataH dekhA ki sahasroM sUryo kI taraha dedIpyamAna sahasroM vimAnoM se nabhamaNDala jagamagA rahA hai| devavimAnoM ko yAmaNDapa kI ora agrasara hote dekha upasthita vizAla janasamUha ke harSa kA pArAvAra na rhaa| yajJa ke pramukha prAcArya indrabhUti gautama ne ghanagambhIra sagarva svara meM apane yajamAna ko sambodhita karate hue kahA "somila ! hamane satyayuga ke dRzya ko sAkSAt-sAkAra upasthita kara diyA hai / tuma mahAn bhAgyazAlI ho| dekho! 'apanA apanA puroDAza grahaNa karane hetu svayaM indrAdi sabhI deva sazarIra tumhAre yA meM upasthita ho rahe haiN|" sadA tatra samavamRtaM vIraM vivandipUn / surAnApatataH prekSya, vabhAve gautamo dvijAn // 62 // maMghalAsmAbhirAhUnAH, pratyakSA navamI murAH / iha bane samAyAnti, prabhAvaM pazyata RdoH // 63 // [vipaSTi galAkA purupa caritra, pa 10, rAgaM 5]

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jaina dharma kA monika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [yAjakAcArya ke rUpa meM ___"bhagavan ! yaha saba pApa jaise samartha. vedAcArya kI kRpA aura karuNA kA hI prasAda hai|" apane roma-roma se pratIma kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue pumakitamanA somila ne gadgad svara meM khaa| ___ "nahIM, somila ! yaha saba vedamantroM kA pratApa hai|" indrabhUti gautama ne apane pronnata bhAla ko aura samunnata karate hue kahA aura ve kanakhiyoM se AkAza kI ora dekhate hue punaH zataguriNata utsAha evaM ucca svaroM se vedamantroM ke pATha ke sAtha AhUtiyoM para AhUtiyAM dene lge| .. pahale kI apekSA kahIM adhika ucca svara meM kI jAne vAlI maMtradhvani paura svAhA ke ghoSa AkAza ko adhara uThAne lge| hajAroM hI nahIM, mAkhoM netra prAkAzamArga se prAte hue sahasroM devavimAnoM kI ora apalaka dekha rahe the| ... usI samaya yajJasthala ko lAMgha kara devavimAna Age bar3ha gye| sahasA maMtrapATha kI dhvani maMda par3a gaI / utsAha kA sthAna acAnaka hI nirAzA ne le liyaa| hatAza lAkhoM locana mUka jijJAsA liye kabhI indrabhUti gautama ke mukha kI pora, to kabhI jAte hue vimAnoM kI ora dekhane lage / sarvatra nistabdhatA chA gii| svAmimAna "are ! ye devagaNa usa ora pAsa hI ke kisa sthAna para prAkAza se nIce kI ora utara rahe haiM ?" sahasA ati vismita sahasroM kaSThoM se ya. prazna phUTa pdd'aa| jisa prakAra prAyaH sabhI nadiyAM samudra kI ora daur3I jAtI haiM ThIka usI prakAra yajJamaNDapa meM ekatrita adhikAMza janasamUha devavimAnoM ke sampAtasthala kI ora umar3a pdd'aa| indrabhUti ne Azcarya, nirAzA aura jhuMjhalAhaTa bhare svara meM kahA- "are! ye devagaNa kahIM mArga to nahIM bhUla gaye haiM ? Akhira ye isa mahAna yajJa ko chor3a kara anyatra jA kahAM rahe haiM ? vedamantroM dvArA pAhUta evaM Amantrita ho kara bhI ye bhrAntivaza Age kahAM var3he jA rahe haiM ? isakI chAnabIna kara zIghra hI koI muke sUcita kre|" kucha hI samaya pazcAt katipaya vyaktiyoM ne Akara indrabhUti se kahA"prAcArya pravara ! samIpastha prAnandodyAna meM sarvajJa zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra padhAre haiN| unheM hAla hI meM sakala carAcara kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA samasta lokAloka ko hastAmalaka kI bhAMti dekhane-jAnane vAlA kevalajJAna huaA hai| ataH sabhI devagaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jA rahe haiN|" ___itanA sunate hI indrabhUti gautama kSubdha ho utthe| unakI AMkhoM se Rodha kI cinagAriyAM mI barasane lgiiN| unhoMne haMkAra bhare svara meM kahA- "are ! tuma yaha kyA kaha rahe ho? kyA merI upasthiti meM aura bhI koI sarvajJa banane kA sAhasa kara

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svAbhimAna] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama sakatA hai ? pratIta hotA hai, vaha koI bahuta bar3A aindrajAlika hai' jisane buddhimAna. kahe jAne vAle devoM taka ko chala liyA hai aura ve deva use sarvajJa samajha kara usakI vandanA evaM stuti karane jA rahe haiN| mujhe tarasa AtA hai ina devatAoM kI buddhi para ki jisa prakAra kauve tIrthajala kA, meMDhaka padmasarovara kA, makkhiyAM sugandhita gozIrSa candana kA, uSTra aMgUra kI vallariyoM kA, grAma zUkara kSIrodana kA aura ulUka prakAza kA parityAga kara anyatra cale jAte haiM, ThIka usI prakAra ye devagaNa bhI isa pavitra haviSyAnna aura mere jaise sarvajJa ko chor3a kara kahIM anyatra bhAge jA rahe haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa prakAra kA. vaha nAmadhArI sarvajJa hai usI prakAra ke ye deva bhI haiN| grAmya naTa aura mUrkha grAmINoM jaisA yaha kaisA hAsyAspada saMyoga hai| khaira, kucha bhI ho para meM kisI bhI dazA meM isa sarvajJatA ke DhoMgapUraNaM nATaka ko cUpacApa baiThe nahIM dekha sktaa| kyA Aja taka kabhI nIla . gagana meM eka sAtha do sUrya udita hue haiM ? kyA eka hI girigahvara meM kabhI do mRgarAja eka sAtha raha pAye haiM ? nahIM, nahIM, kadApi nhiiN| to ThIka usI prakAra mujha jaise sarvajJa ke rahate anya koI sarvajJa nahIM ho sktaa| devatAoM aura dAnavoM ke dekhate hI dekhate abhI meM jaTila praznoM kI jhar3I lagA use hataprabha kara usakI sarvazatA ke chama pAvaraNa ko utAra pheMkatA huuN|" ThIka usI samaya indrabhUti ke Adeza se vastusthiti kA patA lagA kara kucha vyakti samavasaraNa se lautte| unakI AMkhoM se unake manogata bhAvoM ko par3hate hue indrabhUti ne bar3I vyagratA ke sAtha pUchA- "kyoM ? dekha Aye usa mAyAvI ko ? kaimA hai vaha aindrajAlika ?" unameM se eka ne kahA -- "hajAroM jihvAnoM se bhI usa alaukika vibhUti kA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jisa prakAra sampUrNa trilokI ke samasta prANiyoM kI garaganA karane meM koI samartha nahIM ho sakatA, ThIka usI prakAra karor3oM sUryoM ke samAna dedIpyamAna zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ananta guNoM kA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Izvara ke samasta guNoM kA varNana karane meM asamartha vedoM ke "neti, neti" isa mantra kA vAstavika artha vastutaH Aja hI hamArI samajha meM AyA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI guNagAthA varNanAtIta hai, vaha to kevala prAtmAnubhavagamya hI hai|" apane hI logoM ke mukha se zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI isa prakAra kI prazaMsA suna kara indrabhUti tilamilA uThe aura bole - "avazyameva yaha koI mahAna dhUrta, mAyA kA prAdi-AvAsa hai| bar3e Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki sabhI logoM ko isane bhrama meM DAla diyA hai| maiM to nimepamAtra ke liye bhI dama mahAmAyAvI kI sarvajJatA ke. dAve ko rAhana nahIM kara sakatA / kyoMki ghora andhakAra ko vinaSTa ema mA iMdajAliyoni kaliUga mamApaNa tivAhiggiyamA "pravargAma me viumavAya"ni bhaNikaga ...... . upana mahApurisacaniyaM, pR0 301)

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12 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [svAbhimAna karane ke liye sUrya kabhI pratIkSA meM nahIM rhtaa| agni kisI ke karasparza, siMha apanI grIvA ke vAloM ke karSaNa ko aura kSatriya apane zatru ko kabhI cupacApa sahana nahIM kara sktaa| maiMne var3e se bar3e diggajavAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM harA kara unakA maha sadA ke liye vanda kara diyA hai to yaha gehenardI gahazUra sarvajJa mere samakSa cIja hI kyA hai ? jisa agni ne gaganacumbI girIndroM ko bhasmasAt kara rAkha ko DherI banA diyA ho usa agni ke samakSa becAre vRkSoM aura ghAsa-phUsa kI kyA sAmarthya ? jisa pracaNDa pavana ke jhoMkoM ne hAthiyoM ke jhuNDoM ko AkAza meM ur3A diyA ho usake samakSa kyA kabhI rUI kI phuraharI Thahara sakatI haiM ? ___ mere bhaya se aMga deza ke vidvAn apanA pAramparika nivAsasthAna chor3a kara sudUra dezoM kI ora bhAga gaye, baMga deza ke vidvAn mere bhaya se trasta aura jarjara ho gaye, avantI deza ke vidvAn mere bhaya se mAno mara hI gaye aura tilaMga deza ke vidvAn to mere bhaya ke hI kAraNa tilaMkaraNa ke raMga kI taraha kAle ho gaye haiN| are po lATa deza ke vidvAno ! tuma sabake saba kahAM cale gaye ho? manuSyoM meM sarvotkRSTa catura dravir3a vidvAno! tuma mAre lajjA ke kisa girigahvara meM jA chipe ho ? kheda ! mahAkheda ! zAstrArtha ke liye parama Atura, kaNDUyamAna jihvA vAle isa indrabhUti ke liye to Aja samasta jagat meM vAdiyoM kA bhayaMkara duSkAla aura ekAntataH prabhAva ho gayA hai| aise mujha indrabhUti ke samakSa sarvajJatA kA dambha liye hue yaha nayA vAdI kauna AyA hai ?" vastutaH mAnava-svabhAva meM ahaM itanA saMpRkta aura ghulA-milA rahatA hai ki use mAnava ke sahajanmA kI saMjJA dI jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| adhikAMzataH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki mAnava thor3A-sA jJAna ajita kara apane usa pallavagrAhI pANDitya se hI apane Apako sakala vidyAnidhAna, advitIya prakANDa paNDita aura yahAM taka ki saba kucha jAnane dekhane vAlA sarvajJa taka ghoSita karane kA durAgraha evaM dambha kara baiThatA hai / yaha hameM pratyakSa meM aura purAtana itihAsa ke pannoM meM yatra-tatra dekhane ko milatA hai| ___mAnava-mAnasa meM udbhUta isa ahaM kI vipavallarI ke sAtha-sAtha java dambha athavA durAgraha kA vipavRkSa aMkurita-pallavita tathA puSpita ho jAtA hai to vaha usa mAnava ke sAtha-sAtha kabhI-kabhI samagra mAnava jAti ke adhaHpatana kA kAraNa bhI bana jAtA hai| apane samaya meM apane samakakSa anya kisI vidvAna ko na pA kara mAnava svabhAva ke kAraNa indrabhUti ke mana meM bhI kucha kSaNoM ke liye ahaM ke aMkurita hone kI saMbhAvanA mahaja pratIta hotI hai| para pUrvAgraha, durAgraha athavA dambha kA udbhava unake mAnasa meM kicitmAtra bhI nahIM ho pAyA thaa| unakA antarmana tathya ko grahaNa karane ke liye madA pUrvAgraha, dugagraha evaM dambha grAdi se unmukta aura achUtA rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki tathya kI pravala jijJAnA aura gatya ko grahaNa

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13 zAstrArtha kA vicAra kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama kara use AtmasAt karane kI unakI udAra manovRtti ne unake ekAMgINa vyaktitva ko prAge cala kara samaSTi ke virAT vyaktitva kA svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| ma. mahAvIra se zAstrArtha kA vicAra apane ahaM ke pUrNarUpeNa jAgRta hone ke phalasvarUpa indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra se zAstrArtha karane hetu bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa kI ora jAne ke liye udyata hue| - indrabhUti ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa jAne ke liye udyata dekha kara unake anUja agnibhUti ne unase kahA- "jyeSThArya ! jisa prakAra komala kamalanAla ko ukhAr3ane ke liye indra ke hastiziromaNi airAvata kA upayoga karanA anAvazyaka hai usI prakAra isa nagaNya sAdhAraNa vAdI ke liye Apako kaSTa uThAne kI prAvazyakatA nhiiN| maiM hI vahAM jA kara abhI use parAsta kiye detA huuN|" indrabhRti ne kahA- "vatsa ! yaha sarvajJapralApI yoM to mere kisI bhI chAtra ke dvArA bhI jItA jA sakatA hai para kisI bhI prativAdI kA nAma sunane ke pazcAta maiM cupacApa baiTha nahIM sktaa| jisa prakAra tilarAzi ko perate samaya koI eka tila kA dAnA, dhAnya ko dalate samaya koI eka dhAnyakaraNa, ghAsa ko kATate samaya koI eka tRNa aura anna ko pIsate samaya koI tusakaraNa vacA raha jAtA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra ke samasta vAdiyoM ko parAsta karate samaya kisI na kisI taraha yaha vAdI vacA raha gayA hai| apane Apako sarvajJa batAne vAle isa vAdI ko maiM kisI bhI taraha sahana nahIM kara sakatA / ava yadi isa eka vAdI ko maiM parAjita nahIM karatA hUM to mere dvArA parAjita samasta vAdI aparAjita ho jAyeMge / kyoMki satI strI yadi eka vAra apane satItva se svalita ho jAtI hai to vaha sadA ke liye durAcAriNI kahI jAtI hai|" "vatsa! mujhe bar3A Azcarya ho rahA hai ki maiMne trailokya ke hajAroM prativAdiyoM ko parAjita kara diyA phira bhI pAkazAlA ko haMDiyA meM pakAye gaye anna meM binA pake eka korar3a kI taraha yaha eka vAdI aparAjita kaise bacA raha gayA? isa eka ke anijita rahane para to merA vizvavijayitva kA samagra yaza hI naSTa ho jAyagA / kyoMki zarIra meM rahA huA eka sAdhAraNa zalya bhI, yadi usakA zamana nahIM kiyA jAya to eka na eka dina asAdhya vana kara prAraNoM kA apaharaNa kara letA hai| vatsa ! kyA eka jalayAna meM kisI bhI taraha huA eka choTA sA chidra bhI use samudra meM nahIM Dubo detA? kyA eka AdhArabhUta ITa ko khIMca lene para sArA durga Dhaha nahIM par3atA?"' pasminnajite sarva, jagajjayodbhUtamapi yazo nazyet / alpamapi zarIrasthaM zalyaM prANAn viyojayati / / 16 / / chidre svalpe'pi pota: kiM payodhI na nimajjati / ekasmintiMSTake kRSTe, durgaH sarvo'pi pAtyate // 17 // kilpa subodhikA pR0 388

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zAstrArtha ke lie prayANa devoM dvArA yajJabhUmi kA ullaMghana kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM jAne kI ghaTanA para kucha kSaNa vicAra karane ke anantara ise apane ahaM para vajrAghAta samajha kara indrabhUti ne AvezapUrNa svara meM kahanA prArambha kiyA- "isa mAyAvI ne apane Apako sarvajJa ghoSita kara ke akAraNa hI merI krodhAgni ko bhar3akA diyA hai| yaha to isakA vastutaH vaisA hI dussAhasa hai jaise mAno koI meMDhaka bhayaMkara kAle viSadhara ko capata lagAnA, mvargaloka ke nivAsI deva para dharatI para rahane vAlA baila apane sIMgoM se prahAra karanA, eka hAthI apane dAMtoM se girirAja ko ukhAr3a kara dharAzAyI karanA aura eka akiMcana zazaka siMha ke kandhe ke bAloM ko khIMcanA cAhatA ho| jisa prakAra koI mUr3ha vyakti zeSanAga ke mastaka kI maNi ko lene ke liye hAtha bar3hA kara apane kAla ko svayaM bulAvA detA hai usI prakAra isane apanI sarvajJatA kA ADambara raca kara mere krodha ko bhar3akA diyA hai| jisa prakAra koI mUrkha vyakti ghane jaMgala meM Aga lagA kara usake madhya bhAga meM baiTha jAtA hai athavA koI buddhihIna vyakti sukhaprApti kI abhilASA se kaMTakalatA kA AliMgana karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra isane merI upasthiti meM sarvajJatA kA DhoMga raca kara apane liye saMkaTa ko nimantrita kiyA hai| khadyota tabhI taka TimaTimAtA aura candra tabhI taka camakatA hai jaba taka ki prakhara kiraNoM vAlA pracaNDa mArtaNDa udita nahIM ho jaataa| sUryodaya ho jAne para na kahIM khadyota kA patA calatA hai aura na kahIM candramA kA hii| o hAthiyo ! hariNo aura vanya pazuoM ke muNDo! aba isa jaMgala se zIghrAtizIghra bhAga niklo| dekho! kroSa se apanI grIvA kI bar3I-bar3I kemara kA prATopa banAye tumhArA kAla vaha siMha pA rahA hai|" "aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mere saubhAgya se hI yaha vAdI yahAM pAyA hai| Aja mai nizcita rUpa se isakI jihvA kI khujalI sadA ke liye miTA duuNgaa|" zAstrArtha ke liye prayAraNa isa prakAra kA nizcaya kara indrabhUti gautama ne yajJopavIta, pIlA colA Adi bAraha viziSTa cihna dhAraNa kara apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| indrabhUti ke aneka ziSya apane hAthoM meM vividha prakAra ke upakaraNa liye hue the| kaI ziSya kamaNDalu aura kaI vijaya ke dyotaka pavitra darbha hAthoM meM liye hue the| ve sabhI 500 ziSya apane guru indrabhUti kI mahimA ke cotaka "sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa kI jaya ho", "vAdivijayalakSmIzaraNa kI jaya ho", "vAdimadagaMjana-vAdimukhabhaMjana kI jaya ho", "vAdigajasiMha kI jaya ho" Adi ' kalpasUtra kI suboSAvRtti (pR. 386) ke ullekha se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki inabhUti gautama ko aneka zAstrAcoM meM vijayopalabdhi ke phalasvarUpa usa samaya kI paramparAvizeSa ke vidvasamAja dvArA nimnalikhita upAdhiyoM se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA Na:(1) sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa, (3) vAdi-madagaMjana, (2) vAdivijayalakSmIzaraNa, (4) vAdi-mukha-maMjana,

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zAstrArtha ke lie prayANa] kevanikAla : indrabhUti gautama jayaghoSoM se gaganamaNDala ko guMjAte hue indrabhUti ke pIche-pIche bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kI ora bar3ha cle| ma. mahAvIra ko dekha kara vicAra mArga meM aneka prakAra ke saMkalpa-vikalpa karate hue indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa ke sannikaTa phuNce| aSTa mahAprAtihAryoM aura zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mahApratApI alaukika aizvarya ko dekha ve atyanta prAzcarya se staMbhita ho sIr3hiyoM para nizcala khar3e raha kara ninimeSa dRSTi se prabhu kI ora dekhate hI raha gye| ve mana hI mana socane lage "kahIM ye sAkSAt brahmA, viSNu prathavA zaMkara to nahIM haiN| candra to ye nizcita rUpa se nahIM hai, kyoMki candra to sakalaMka hotA hai aura inakA svarUpa, zAnta, svaccha evaM niSkalaMka hai| ye sUrya bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki sUrya to saMtApakArI prakhara kiraNoM vAlA hai, para inakA svarUpa bar3A hI saumya, sukhada, zItala, manohAri aura nayanAbhirAma hai|" . . "ye sumeru parvata bhI nahIM haiM kyoMki prati kaThora sumeru kI tulanA meM ye pratyanta sukomala haiN| na ye viSNU hI ho sakate haiM, kyoMki viSNu to sasyazyAmala varNavAle haiM aura inakA svarUpa tapAye hue svarNa ke samAna bar3A hI manohAri hai| yaha brahmA bhI nahIM haiM kyoMki brahmA buDDhA hai aura ye yuvA haiM / ye kAmadeva bhI nahIM ho sakate kyoMki vaha to vRddhAvasthA se sadA bhayabhIta rahane vAlA aura azarIrI hai|" "to nizcita rUpa se mujhe yaha vizvAsa karane ke liye bAdhya honA par3a rahA hai ki una saba doSoM se rahita aura samasta guNoM se sampanna ye antima tIrthaMkara haiN|" (3) pAdi-gava-siMha, (19) pAditulsurela, (1) bAdIzvaralIha, (20) vAdigarur3agovinda, (7) bAdisiMhASTApada, (21) vAdijanarAjAna, (8) bAdivinayavizada, (22) vAdikaMsakAnha, (9) vAdivRnvabhUmipAla, (23) vAdihariNahariH, (10) vAdiziraHkAla, (24) vAdijvaradhanvantari, (11) bAdikadalIkapANa, (25) vAdiyUthamalla, (12) bAditamomANa, (26) vAdihRdayazalya, (13) bAdigodhUmaparaTTa, (27) vAdigaraNajIpaka, (14) maditavAdimaraTTa, (28) vAdizalabhadIpaka, (15) vAdiSaTamudgara, (29) vAdicakracUr3AmaNi, (11) vAdiSUkamAkara, (30) paNDitaziromaNi, .(10) vAdisamudrAgasti, (31) vijitAnekavAda, aura (10) pAvitasmUlanahastI, (32) sarasvatIlaSaprasAda / [sampAdaka] 'ba cutaNaM patto, baDhuM tellukkaparipura viirN| paratIsAisayanihi, sa saMkimo ciThThio purabho // 124 / / [bhAvazyaka, malaya, patra 313]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [ma. ma. ko dekhakara vicAra * apane mana meM isa prakAra ke vicAroM ke utpanna hote hI indrabhUti sazaMka ho uThe / sphaTika siMhAsana para virAjamAna tathA deva-devendroM evaM nara-narendroM dvArA sevyamAna trilokapUjya bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dekha kara indrabhUti mana hI mana socane lage - "zoka ! mahAzoka ! maiMne svayaM apane liye eka bar3I vikaTa samasyA utpanna kara lI hai / merA samasta pUrvopArjita yaza aba dhUli meM milane jA rahA hai| jisa prakAra eka mUrkha vyakti eka sAdhAraNa kIla ko prApta karane ke liye apane vizAla, bhavya bhavana ko girA dene jaisI bhayaMkara mUrkhatA kara baiThatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra kI mUrkhatA maiM grAja kara baiThA hai| isa eka vAdI ko na jItane kI dazA meM mere mAna-sammAna ko kahA~ Thesa pahuMcatI thI ? apane vizvavijayI nAma kI lajjA, aba maiM kisa prakAra rkhuuNgaa| maiMne madAndha ho apanI adUradarzitA ke kAraNa binA vicAre hI yaha mUrkhatA kI, jo maiM ina trilokInAtha ko jItane ko durAzA liye yahAM calA AyA / inake samakSa maiM bolane kA sAhasa hI kisa prakAra kara sakUMgA ? aba maiM yahAM Akara pIche kI ora bhI kisa prakAra lauTU ? kyoMki mere isa prakAra lITane ko saMsAra meM palAyana kI saMjJA dI jAyagI / palAyanajanya apakIti to mRtyu se bhI adhika ghora kaSTaprada hotI hai / maiMne apane prApako ghora saMkaTa meM DAla liyA hai| aba to isa saMkaTa se bhagavatI bhavAnI hI merI rakSA kara sakatI hai| yadi sadbhAgya se kisI na kisI prakAra prAja merI vijaya ho jAya tava to nizcita rUpa se trailokya ke vidvAnoM kA ziromariNa hone kA merA viruda surakSita raha sakatA hai / " 16 sthANu ke samAna nizcala indrabhUti gautama jisa samaya mana hI mana isa prakAra vicArasAgara meM gote lagA rahe the, ThIka usI samaya sarvajJa- sarvadarzI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne amRta se bhI prati madhura anirvacanIya grAnaMdapradAyinI vANI meM unheM unake nAma - gotroccAraraNa pUrvaka sambodhita karate hue kahA - "he indrabhUti gautama ! sAgayaM 'su grAgataM sva-para kalyANakArI hone se - tumhArA zrAgamana acchA hai, lAbhakArI hai / "" 9. itanA sunate hI indrabhUti socane lage " Azcarya hai ! ye merA nAma bhI jAnate haiM / " para kSaNa bhara meM Azvasta ho unhoMne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA - " isameM prAzcarya kI koI bAta nhiiN| tInoM lokoM meM vikhyAta labdhapratiSTha indrabhUti gautama ko bhalA kauna nahIM pahicAnatA ? sUrya bhI kabhI kahIM kisI AbAla-vRddha se chupA raha sakatA hai ? yadi ye mere mana meM chupe mere guptata sandeha ko prakaTa kara deM to maiM inheM sarvajJa mAna sakatA hU~, anyathA merI dRSTi meM ye nagaNya hI raheMge / " - * AbhaTTho ya jiraNeNaM, jAi-jarA-maraNavippamukkeNaM / nAmeNa ya guteNa ya, savvannU savvadarisiraNA ||566 / / he iMdabhUi ! gograma ! sAgayamutte jiNeNa citei / nAmapi me viprANas, zrahavA ko maM na yAgei / / 125 / / [ zrAvazyaka, malaya, ( samavasaraNa ), patra 313]

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jIva pratya-siba hai] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA udbodhana indrabhUti gautama apane mana meM isa prakAra ke vicAra kara hI rahe the ki prabhu mahAvIra ne unase kahA-"gautama! tumhAre mana meM prAtmA ke astitva ke sambandha meM sandeha hai / tuma yaha socate ho ki jIva ghaTa-paTa Adi kI taraha pratyakSa dikhAI nahIM detA aura jo vastu pratyakSa meM kisI bhI taraha dikhAI nahIM detI usakA prAkAzakusuma athavA khara-viSANa kI taraha saMsAra meM koI astitva nahIM hotaa|' vedavAkyoM ke gUDhArtha ko acchI taraha samajha nahIM pAne ke kAraNa tumhAre mana meM yaha saMzaya utpanna huA hai / lo suno, maiM tumheM veda kI RcAoM kA vAstavika artha samajhAtA huuN|" kabhI kisI para prakaTa nahIM kiye gaye apane mana ke nigUr3hatama saMdeha ko bhagavAn dvArA prakaTa kara diye jAne para indrabhUti gautama sAzcarya ninimeSa dRSTi se bhagavAna kI ora dekhane lage / ve mana hI mana socane lage - "aAja taka kisI bhI vyakti ke sammukha prakaTa nahIM kiyA gayA merA manogata gUDhatama saMzaya inheM kaise vidita ho gayA? sarvajJa ke atirikta manogata bhAvoM ko kauna jAna sakatA hai ? vastutaH kyA meM kisI sarvajJa ke sammukha khar3A hUM?" jIva pratyakSa-siddha hai indrabhUti mana hI mana isa prakAra ke UhApoha meM lIna the, usI samaya prANimAtra ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane vAle mahAvIra prabhu kI ghanarava gambhIra vAraNI unake kAnoM meM gUMja uThI - "indrabhUte ! maiM sarvajJa hone ke kAraNa jIva ko pratyakSa dekha rahA huuN| jIva tumhAre liye bhI pratyakSa hai| tumhAre antara meM jIva ke astitvAnastitva viSayaka zaMkA jisako huI hai, vahI vastutaH jIva hai / citta, cetanA, saMjJA, vijJAna, upayoga, saMzaya, jijJAsA, sukhaduHkhAdi kI anubhUti, cikIrSA, jigamiSA, duHkhoM se sadA dUra bhAgane aura bace rahane kI pravRtti, sukhapUrvaka ciraMjIvI rahane kI lipsA Adi samasta lakSaNa dehadhArI pratyeka AtmA meM spaSTataH pratyakSa dRSTigocara hote haiM ataH prAtmA kA astitva bhI pratyakSa pramANa se ' (ka) jIve tuva saMdeho, paccakkhaM jaM na pippai ghaDovva / praccantApaccakkhaM ca, natthi loe khapuppha va / / 1546 / / [vizeSA0 bhA0] (kha) jaMpai puNovi bhayavaM, tuha hiyae saMsapo samuppaNNo / jIvo ki patthi raNa vAtthi ettha taM mugAsu paramatthaM / / ina upatra ma* pu0 cariyaM, pR0 1 01J 2 vattaNAlakkharaNo kAlo, jIvo uvproglkkhgo| nANeNaM daMsaraNeNaM ca, suheNa ya duheNa ya / / 10 / / nAraNaM ca daMsaNaM ceva, carittaM ca tavo tahA / vIriyaM uvanogo ya, evaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM / / 11 / / [uttarAdhyayana mutra, a. 28]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [jIva pratyakSa-siddha hai svataH siddha hai| jo pratyakSataH siddha hai, use siddha karane ke liye anya pramANa kI aAvazyakatA nhiiN| jisa prakAra anubhUti, icchA, saMzaya, harSa, viSAda Adi bhAva amarta-arUpI hone ke kAraNa bAhya cakSuSoM se dRSTigocara nahIM hote usI prakAra jIva bhI amUrta-arUpI hone ke kAraNa carmacakSuoM se nahIM dikhAI detaa| gautama ! pratyeka vyakti dvArA vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSya ke apane kAryakalApoM ke sambandha meM isa prakAra kI anubhUti kI jAtI hai ki "maiM suna rahA hU~", "maiMne sunA thA", "maiM sunNgaa"| isa prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM meM "maiM" kI pratidhvani se pratyeka vyakti ko apane jIva kA pratyakSAnubhava hotA hai|" bhagavAna mahAvIra prANimAtra ke manogata bhAvoM ko jAnane vAle the ataH gautama ke mana meM jo bhI zaMkA uThI, gautama dvArA usa zaMkA ke prakaTa kiye jAne se pahale hI bhagavAna ne use gautama ke samakSa rakha kara usakA tatkAla samAdhAna kara diyA aura isa prakAra gautama indrabhUti ko apanI zaMkAnoM ke samAdhAna ke liye bolane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'ii| bhagavAn ne pharamAyA- "gautama ! pratyeka vyakti dvArA kI gaI-'maiM prasanna hUM' athavA 'maiM pIDita haM' ityAdi anabhUtiyoM meM prayukta- 'maiM' pada se AtmA kA hI bodha hotA hai / 'maiM nahIM haiM' isa prakAra kI anubhUti athavA abhivyakti koI vyakti nahIM krtaa|" - Agama pramANa ke sambandha meM gautama ke antarmana meM uThI zaMkA kA tatkAla samAdhAna karate hue prabhu ne kahA - "gautama ! tumhAre mana meM jIva ke astitva ke sambandha meM saMzaya utpanna hone kA mUla kAraNa yaha hai ki tuma veda kI RcAoM ke vAstavika artha ko nahIM samajha pAye ho / eka ora -- / 'na ha vai sazarIrasyasataH priyApriyayorapahatirasti azarIraM vA vasaMta priyApriye na spRzataH' tathA 'svargakAmo yajeta' 1 (ka) atthi riNaruttaM jIvo, imehiM so lakkhaNehiM munniybvo| cittaM-ceyaga-saNNA. viNNANAdIhiM cidhehi / / 420 / / ciupannamahApurisa cariyaM, pR0 301] (gva) goyama paccakSucciya, jIvo jaM saMsayAi vinnANaM / paccazvaM ca na sajhaM, jaha * suha-dukkhA sadehammi / / 1554 / / [vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2 nAgAdagro na dehassa, muttimattAiyo ghaDasseva / tamhA nAgAi gugagA jasma, sa dehAigro jIvo // 1562 / / [vizeSAvazyaka bhApya] 3 chAndogyopaniSad, 445

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vijAmavana kA artha kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama ina veda-padoM se prAtmA kA astitva siddha hotA hai / dUsarI pora - 'vijJAnaghana evatebhyo bhUtebhyaH samRtthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati, na pretya saMjJAsti'' isa vAkya se tajjIva taccharIravAda kI pratidhvani vyakta hotI hai| veda ke ina vAkyoM ko paraspara virodhI mAnane ke kAraNa tumhAre mana meM jIva ke astitva ke sambandha meM saMzaya utpanna huyA hai| gautama ! uparyukta aMtima vedavAkya kA vastutaH tuma artha hI nahIM samajhe ho / maiM tumheM isakA sahI artha samajhAtA huuN|" vijJAnadhana kA vAstavika parva "isa vAkya meM jJAnopayoga-darzanopayogarUpa viziSTa jJAnapuMja se yukta prAtmA ko vijJAnaghana kahA gayA hai, kyoMki prAtmA svayaM jJAnapaMja hai| vijJAna prAtmA se pRyaka nahIM hai| vijJAna kI dRSTi se prAtmA sarvavyApI hai| vaha aAtmavijJAna ghaTapaTAdi bhUtoM ke jJAna se vijJAna ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai / java ve ghaTapaTAdi bhUta zanaiH zanaiH vijJAnaghana prAtmA kA dhyAna dUsarI ora prAkarSita hone ke kAraNa vijJeya ke bhAva se naSTa - tirohita ho jAte haiM to vaha AtmA kA vijJAna svarUpa apane usa pUrvopalabdha ghaTapaTAdi ke jJAna kI dRSTi se una ghaTapaTAdi ke vinaSTa arthAt tirohita hote hI unhIM ke sAtha naSTa ho jAtA hai|" ukta vedavAkya kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vijJAnaghana prAtmA ko ghaTapaTAdi bhUtoM ke dekhane se jo ghaTaviSayaka athavA paTaviSayaka jJAna hotA hai, vaha kramazaH anya vastuoM kI ora dhyAna AkarSita hone para naSTa ho jAtA hai aura usake sthAna para vRkSa, phUla, phalAdi anya vastuoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / kisI vastu ke prathama darzana se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai usake anantara dUsarI vastu ke darzana se tadviSayaka navIna jJAna hote hI pUrva vastuoM se sambandha rakhane vAle jJAna kA sthAna navIna vastuoM kA jJAna grahaNa kara letA hai| yahI krama Age se Age calatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra pahale dekhI huI vastu kA jJAna usake pazcAt dekhI huI vastu ke jJAna ke sAtha hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| vastutaH AtmA napTa nahIM hotI, apitu pUrvavartI jJAna kA sthAna pazcAdvartI jJAna dvArA le liye jAne para vaha pUrvavartI ghaTapaTAdi jJeya vastuoM kA jJAtA vijJAna hI naSTa hotA hai / eka jJeya ke pazcAt anya jeya kA jJAna vijJAnaghana AtmA meM avikala rUpa se kramazaH calatA rahatA hai ataH prAtmA ke naSTa hone kA to prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotaa|" vedapada meM prayukta pretya saMjJA kA vAstavika artha "na pretya saMjJAsti' isa vedapada kA artha samajhAte hae prabhU mahAvIra ne kahA-"ghaTa ko dekhate hI pAtmA meM ghaTopayoga arthAt jeyabhUta ghaTa kA vijJAna 1 vahadAraNyakopaniSad (12-538) meM "na prenya saMjJAsti' image nAge "itvare bravIti hovAca yAjJavalkyaH "- dekara vAkya kI pUrti kI gaI hai| . [sampAdaka

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pretya saMjJA kA artha utpanna huaa| tatpazcAt paTa ko dekhane para prAtmA kA dhyAna ghaTa kI ora se haTa kara paTa kI ora AkarSita huaaa| usa dazA meM ghaTa ke dRSTi se ojhala hone ke sAtha hI AtmA kA ghaTopayoga naSTa ho gayA aura usakA sthAna prAtmA meM paTasambandhI jJAna hone ke kAraNa paTopayoga ne le liyA aura isa taraha paTopayoga ke AvirbhUta ho jAne para prAtmA meM ghaTopayoga kI pratya arthAt pUrva kI saMjJAjAnakArI nahIM rhtii|" "jJAna vastutaH bhUtoM kA dharma nahIM hai kyoMki vaha vastu ke abhAva meM bhI vidyamAna aura vastu kI vidyamAnatA meM avidyamAna bhI rahatA hai| jisa prakAra ghaTa se paTa eka bhinna vastu hai, usI prakAra bhUtoM se jJAna nitAnta bhinna vastu hai / ghaTa aura paTa donoM bhinna-bhinna do vastueM hone ke kAraNa jisa prakAra ghaTa ke abhAva meM paTa kI aura paTa ke abhAva meM ghaTa kI vidyamAnatA rahatI hai, usI prakAra muktAvasthA meM vastuoM kA abhAva hone para bhI unakA jJAna vidyamAna rahatA hai aura mRta zarIra meM bhUtoM kI vidyamAnatA rahane para bhI jJAna nahIM rhtaa| vastutaH zarIra aura jIva eka dUsare se bhinna do vastueM haiN| zarIra jIva kA AdhAra aura jIva zarIra kA prAdheya hai| upayoga, anubhUti, saMzayAdi vijJAna jIva ke lakSaNa arUpI-amUrta haiM, para zarIra mUrta hai| kisI mUrta kA guNa amUrta nahIM ho sakatA, ataH vijJAnAdi amUrta guNa mUrta zarIra ke nahIM apit amUrta AtmA kehI ho sakate haiN| jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI, tila meM tela, kASTha meM agni, puSpa meM sugandha, candrakAnta mariNa meM sudhA ghulImilI pratIta hone para bhI vastutaH dugdha prAdi se bhinna hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke sampUrNa aMga-pratyaMgoM meM vyApta AtmA bhI nizcita rUperaNa zarIra se bhinna hai|" ekAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa tadanantara-"puruSa evedaM sarvaM yad bhUtaM yacca bhAvyaM, utAmRtatvasyezAnaH yadannenAtirohati, yadejati, yannejati, yadre, yaduantike yadantarasya sarvamya, yat sarvasyAsya bAhyataH / [IzAvAsyopaniSad tathA : eka eva hi bhUtAtmA, bhUte-bhUte pratiSThitaH / ekadhA bahudhA caiva, dRzyate jalacandravat / / yathA vizuddhamAkAzaM timiropapluto janaH / saMkIrNamiva mAtrAbhibhinnAbhirabhimanyate / / tathedamamalaM brahma, nirvikalpamavidyayA / kaluSatvamivApannaM, bhedarUpaM prakAzate / / + kSIre ghRtaM tile tailaM kASTe'gniH saurabhaM sume / . candrakAnte sudhA yadvattathAtmApyaMgataH pRthak / / [gaNadharavAda kI TIkA]

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21 ekAtmavAda] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama Adi ekAtmavAdapoSaka uktiyoM ke anusAra samagra saMsAra meM bhinna-bhinna mAtmAeM nahIM apitu aAkAza kI taraha sarvatra vyApta eka hI prAtmA hai -" indrabhUti gautama ke hRdaya meM utpanna hue isa prakAra ke saMzaya kA bhI bar3I yuktipUrNa madhura vANI se samAdhAna karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pharamAyA"indrabhUte! yadi nirmala ananta AkAza ke samAna virAT eka hI prAtmA saba piNDoM meM vidyamAna hotA to jisa prakAra prakAza sabhI bhinna-bhinna piNDoM meM eka hI rUpa se vidyamAna hai, AkAza kI nAnArUpatA, vicitratA aura vilakSaNatA una piNDoM meM dikhAI nahIM detI usI prakAra jIva bhI saba bhUtasaMghoM meM nAnArUpatA, vaicitrya evaM vilakSaNatA se rahita ekarUpatA meM hI dikhAI detA para prANI-samUha meM aisI samAnarUpatA evaM ekarUpatA kA nitAnta abhAva hai| sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki eka prArapI ke lakSaNoM se dUsare prANI ke lakSaNa bilakula hI bhinna dikhAI dete haiN| isase sahaja hI yaha siddha hotA hai ki saba prANiyoM meM eka hI pAtmA nahIM apitu bhinna-bhinna AtmAeM haiN| lakSaNabheda hone para lakSyabheda svataH hI siddha ho jAtA hai| yadi sabhI dehasamUhoM meM AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApI eka hI prAtmA hotA to, kartA, bhoktA, mantA, evaM sukha-duHkha, bandha-mokSa prAdi kI vibhinna dazAeM prANiyoM meM vidyamAna nahIM rhtiiN| para vastusthiti sarvathA pratyakSa hai ki sukha-duHkha Adi kI samAnatA prANivarga meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| prAja anekoM prANI duHkha ke,kAraNa chaTapaTAte aura kaI prANI sukhapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara rahe haiN| pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAlA yaha antara isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki samasta bhUtasaMghoM meM vyoma kI taraha koI virAT eka prAtmA nahIM balki alaga alaga ananta prAtmAe~ haiN|" "jIva kA pramukha lakSaNa hai upayoga / vaha upayoga pratyeka prANI meM eka dUsare se bhinna-bhinna, svalpAdhika mAtrA meM aura vibhinna prakAra kA pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka dehadhArI meM upayoga ke utkarSa-apakarSa evaM nyUnAdhikya bheda ke kAraNa saMsAra meM AtmAoM kI saMkhyA bhI ananta hai| vastutaH prAtmA avinAzIdhrauvya hai / saMsArI AtmAoM meM ghaTapaTAdi ke indriyagocara hone para jo ghaTopayoga, paTopayoga prAdi jJAna-paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM usa dRSTi se prAtmA ke utpAda svabhAva kA tathA usameM paTopayoga ke utpanna ho jAne para pUrva ke ghaTopayoga rUpI jJAnaparyAya kA vyaya arthAt vinAza ho jAne ke kAraNa prAtmA ke vyaya svabhAva kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| para utpAda aura vyaya kI una donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM prAtmA kA avinAzI svabhAva sadA sarvadA apane zAzvata dhruva svarUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai ataH prAtmA dhrauvya svabhAva vAlA mAnA gayA hai / jJAna-paryAyoM ke utpAda evaM vyaya ke kAraNa ho AtmaH utpAda aura vyaya rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai anyathA vaha zAzvata-dhrauvya-avinAzI hai|" isa prakAra paMcabhUtavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, ekAtmavAda prAdi kA nirasana karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI gurugambhIra mRduvAraNI dvArA anupama kuzalatA.

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22 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-ditIya bhAga hRdaya parivartana pUrvaka pramAgasaMgata evaM hRdayagrAhI yuktiyoM se prAtmA ke astitva ke sambandha meM indrabhUti gautama ke manogana gampUrNa saMzayoM kA mUloccheda kara diyA / hRttala ke nivir3atama prajJAnAndhakAra ko vinaSTa kara dedIpyamAna jJAnAloka prakaTa karane meM samartha sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke amogha vacanoM kA, parama satya ko pahicAna kara use prAtmasAt karane kI utkaTa abhilApA rakhane vAle indrabhUti ke pUrvAgrahoM se vinirmukta svaccha nizchala antarmana para atyanta adbhuta prabhAva pdd'aa| prabhu kI divya dhvani se na kevala unake antarmana ke saMdeha hI dUra hue apitu unakA antara acintya, anirvacanIya adbhuta evaM alaukika ullAsa se protaHprota ho gyaa| hatyaparivartana indrabhUti gautama ne apanI prAMkhoM se asIma kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke sAtha-sAtha apane pApako prabhucaraNoM para nyochAvara karate hue harSagadgad svara meM kahA-"bhagavan ! ava maiM sampUrNarUpeNa prApakI zaraNa meM hai| prabho ? mAja kA dina mere liye parama saubhAgyazAlI dina hai| Aja merA sakala jIvana saphala ho gayA kyoMki Aja mujhe pApa jaise mahAn jagatguru prApta hue haiN| Apane mere hRdaya meM vyApta ghora andhakAra ko vinaSTa kara diyA hai| ApakI yuktipUrNa, sudhAsikta zAzvata-satya vANI se mere mana ke samasta saMzayoM kA samUla nAza ho gayA hai| maiM Apako pUrNarUpeNa sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI svIkAra karatA hai tathA Apake vacanoM evaM siddhAntoM para pragAr3ha zraddhA rakhatA huuN| Apake kRpAprasAda se maiMne vAstavika satya ko pA liyA hai|" pazcAttApa bhare svara meM AtmanindA karate hue indrabhUti kahane lage-"zoka ! mahAzoka ! vizva meM mithyAtva vastutaH pApa kA bahuta bar3A bhaNDAra hai| apane jIvana kA Aja taka kA itanA amUlya samaya maiMne mithyAtva kA sevana karate hue ..vyartha hI kho diyA hai|"2. isa prakAra sarvajJa prabhu mahAvIra kI atula prabhAvotpAdaka tarka evaM yuktisaMgata amogha vANI dvArA indrabhUti gautama kI satyAnveSiNI, sarala, svaccha evaM anAgrahapUrNa manobhUmi meM boyA huA evaM parisiMcita AdhyAtmikatA kA bIja sahasA aMkurita, pallavita aura puSpita ho utthaa| .... pUrvAgrahoM ke prati kicitmAtra bhI moha na hone tathA satya ke prati parama niSThA ke sAtha-sAtha satya ko apane jIvana meM DhAlane kA prabala sAhasa hone ke ' acAhameva dhanyo'haM (smi), 'saphalaM janma me'khilam / . yato mayAtipuNyena, prApto devo jagadguruH / / 134 / / . - [vIra vardhamAnacaritra-bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIti] . 2 graho mithyAtva mArgo'yaM, vizvapApAka ro'zubhaH / ciraM vRthA mayA nindaH, sevito mUDhacetasA // 133 / / [vahI]

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23 hRdaya-parivartana] . kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama kAraNa indrabhUti gautama ne zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA parama satya kA bodha hote hI tatkSaraNa binA kisI prakAra kI hicaka ke saharSa apanA sarvasva zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM samarpita kara diyaa| unhoMne apane samAja meM arjita ujvala yaza, dhArmika jagat evaM vidvatsamAja meM varSoM ke athaka prayAsa se ajita apanI pratiSThA aura ziSyasaMgha ke hRdayoM meM prota:prota apane prati pragAr3ha zraddhA, utkaTa niSThA va sarvocca samAdara Adi kI kiMcitmAtra bhI cintA kiye binA unhoMne prabhu-caraNoM meM pravajita hone kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyaa| . unhoMne sAMjali zIza jhukA kara prabhu se prArthanA bhare svara meM kahA-"prabho ! mujhe Apake caraNoM meM pUrNa AsthA hai| mujhe dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki Apake dvArA batAye gaye prazasta mArga kA avalambana karane para hI prANI saba prakAra ke duHkhoM paura bandhanoM se vinirmukta ho apane carama evaM parama lakSya zivapada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| maiM aba AjIvana Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM rahanA cAhatA hai, yataH Apa mujhe apane parama kalyANakArIdharma meM zramaNa-dIkSA pradAna kara kRtArtha kiijiye|" ziSyamaMDala sahita pravrajyA parama dayAlu prabhu mahAvIra ne "ahAsuhaM devANupiyA !" isa mudhAsikta sumadhura vAkya se indrabhUti ko yathepsita sukhada kArya karane kI anujA pradAna kii| tadanantara indrabhUti gautama ne apane 500 ziSyoM ko sambodhita karate hue zAnta, sahaja, sarala evaM gambhIra svara meM kahA- "aAyuSman antevAsiyo ! mujhe prabhUkRpA se vAstavika satya kA bodha hA gayA hai| maiM ava sarvajJa sarvadarzI zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se zramaNa-dIkSA aMgIkAra kara ziSyarUpeNa inakI zaraNa grahaNa karanA cAhatA hai| ataH aba Apa loga apanI-apanI icchAnusAra jaise Apako acchA lage, vahI kara sakate haiN|" isa para indrabhUti gautama ke 500 ziSyoM ne eka svara meM kahA-"parama zraddhAspada gurudeva ! hamArI Antarika pragAr3ha zraddhA ke ekamAtra kendravindu Apa jaise mahAn prAcArya jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa ziSyabhAva se dIkSita ho rahe haiM to hama loga Apako chor3a kara anyatra kahA~ aura kyoM jAyaM? hama saba loga bhI Apake caraNacinhoM para calate hue ApakI evaM prabhu kI sevA karate hue apanA prAtmakalyANa kreNge|" zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karane hetu samudyata indrabhUti gautama ke antarmana kI pukAra aura prArthanA ko suna kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unheM apanA bhAvI prathama gaNadhara jAna kara pramukha ziSya ke rUpa meM IsA pUrva 557 evaM vikramapUrva 500 vaizAkha ' etya saMpato saMbuddho ya bhaNai paMca khaMDitasate, esa samvannu grahaM pavvayAmi tumbhe jahiniyaM krehi| te bharaNanti jadi tunbhe erisagA hotA pavvayaha to mamhe kA pannA gatini: evaM so paMcasayaparivAro pbtito| - [mAvazyaka buriNa, pR. 336] -

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga pravrajyA zuklA 11 ke dina svayaM ke zrImukha se sarvavirati zramaraNa- dIkSA zrarthAt paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSA pradAna kI / 24 prAcArya hemacandra ne apane "triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra" meM ullekha kiyA hai ki indrabhUti yAdi zramaraNoM ko vastra, pAtra, upakaraNAdi kubera dvArA pradAna kiye gye| unhoMne dharmopakararaNa graharaNa karane kI prAvazyakatA para bhI prakAza DAlA hai / ' apane 500 ziSyoM sahita, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa indrabhUti ke prajita hone kA saMvAda sunakara kramazaH agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, prArya vyakta, zrArya sudharmA pratyeka apane pAMca-pAMca sau ziSyoM, maNDita tathA mauryaputra apane sAr3he tIna tIna sau ziSyoM aura akampita, acala bhrAtA, maitArya evaM zrArya prabhAsa apane tIna-tIna sau ziSyoM ke sAtha zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM Aye aura apane manogata saMzayoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pUrNarUpeNa samAdhAna pAkara apane-apane ziSyamaNDala saMhita zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa muMDita hokara vidhivat nirgrantha bana gaye / graneka AcAryoM ne ullekha kiyA hai ki garaNadharoM kI dIkSA ke samaya devagaraNa ne paMca- divyoM kI varSA kara apanI prasannatA evaM dharma kI mahimA prakaTa kI / 2 isa prakAra eka hI dezanA meM veda-vedAntoM ke vikhyAta jJAtA gyAraha vidvAn prAcAryoM aura unake 4400 ziSyoM ne zAzvata satya ko hRdayaMgama karAne vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama tAttvika upadeza se dharma ke satya svarUpa ko pahicAna kara prabhu ke pAsa zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kI / sAdhu sAdhvI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa catuvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA ke anantara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indrabhUti gautama ko zragnibhUti Adi apane 10 pramukha ziSyoM ke sAtha utpAda ( uppannei vA ), vyaya ( vigamei vA ) aura dhovya 1 (ka) upanItaM kubere dharmopakaraNaM tataH / tyaktasaMgo'pyAdadAno gautamo'thetyacintayat // 64 // niravadyavratatrANe, yadetadupayujyate / vastrapAtrAdikaM grAhyaM dharmopakaraNaM hi tat // 65 // chadmasthairiha pajIvanikAyayatanAparaH / samyak prANidayA katu", zakyeta kathamanyathA // 86 // (kha) jalajvalanavAyUrvI tarutrasatayA bahUn / jIvAMstrAtuM kathamalaM, dharmopakaraNaM vinA // 91 // indrabhUtivibhAvyaMvaM, ziSyANAM paMcabhiH zataiH / samaM jagrAha dharmopakaraNaM tridazApitam ||13|| [tripaTi za0 pu0 ca0, parva 10, sagaM 5 ] 2 prAvazyaka cUriNa, tripaSTi za. pu. ca., mahAvIra caritra prAdi /

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Ani-UrinemmeHimand ana - - - matar Marey pravajyA ] kebalikAma: indrabhUti gautama (dhuvei vA) isa tripadI kA savistAra upadeza dekara unheM saMsAra ke samasta tatvoM ke utpanna, naSTa evaM sthira rahane ke svabhAva tathA svarUpa kA samyakrUpeNa sampUrNa jJAna krvaayaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pharamAyA- "utpAda - vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka sArvabhauma .. siddhAnta saMsAra ke samasta jar3a-cetana tattvoM para parighaTita hotA hai| saMsAra ke samasta tattva utpAda- vyaya - dhrauvyAtmaka svabhAva vAle haiN|" tripadI kA sArarUpa meM artha batAte hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pharamAyA "utpAda - svajAtyaparityAgena bhAvAntarAvAptirutpAdaH / " arthAt kisI dravya dvArA apane mUla svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA dUsare rUpAntara kA grahaNa kara lenA usa dravya kA 'utpAda' svabhAva kahA jAtA hai / ___ "vyaya-tathA pUrvabhAvavigamo vyayaH / " arthAt kisI dravya dvArA rUpAntara karate samaya pUrvabhAva-pUrvAvasthA- kA parityAga karanA dravya kA 'vyaya' svabhAva kahA gayA hai| ___"dhrauvya - dhruve sthairya karmaNi dhruvatIti dhrauvyaH / " arthAt utpAda aura vyaya svabhAva kI paristhitiyoM meM bhI padArtha kA apane mUla guNa, dharma aura svabhAva meM bane rahanA usa dravya kA 'dhrauvya' (dhruvatva - dhruvasvabhAva) kahalAtA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM svarNa kA eka piNDa hai| usa svarNapiNDa ko galA kara usase kaMkaNa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA to kaMkaraNa kA utpAda humA aura svarNa piNDa kA vyaya huA / donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM svarNa dravya kI vidyamAnatA usa svarNa kA dhrauvya hai| __ isI prakAra prAtmA, manuSya, deva yA tithaMca rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai to vaha prAtmA kA manuSya, devAdi rUpa meM utpanna hone kI apekSA se utpAda aura deva tiyaMcAdi pUrva zarIra ke tyAga kI apekSA se vyaya hai| donoM avasthAoM meM AtmaguNa kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa dhrauvya samajhanA cAhiye / pahalI do avasthAoM meM arthAt utpAda aura vyaya meM vastu ke paryAya kI pradhAnatA hai| jabaki antima dhrauvya avasthA meM dravya ke mUla rUpa kI pradhAnatA hai| svarNa ke kaMkaNa ko tor3a kara maMgalasUtra banAne kI dazA meM jisa prakAra kaMkaraNa ke prati mamatA rakhanevAlI strI ke mana meM viSAda, maMgalasUtra ke prati mamatA rakhane vAlI suhAgina ke mana meM harSa aura svarNa ke mUlya ko samajhane vAlI taTastha strI ke mana meM mula dravya,svarNa ke yathAvata sthiti meM vidyamAna rahane ke kAraNa taTastha bhAva rahatA hai| usI prakAra sAMsArika tatvoM ke utpAda-vyaya - dhrauvyA tatvArthasUtra, adhyAya 5, sUtra 28] ' utpAdavyayadhrauvya yukta sat / _ 2 ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI - nAzotpAdasthitipSayam / .. zoka-pramoda-mAdhyasthyaM, jano yAti sahetukam // 56 / / [prApta mImAMsA

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11 11: nAlA zatahAsa-dvatAya bhAga [pravajyA tmaka svabhAva ko jAnane vAlA prabuddhacetA, jJAnavAn vyakti samasta tattvoM kI utpAda - vyaya avasthA meM harSa-viSAda se pare raha kara unake dhrauvya svabhAva kA vicAra kara taTastha rahatA huA prAtmakalyANa meM nirata rahatA hai / ___ sarala, nirmala aura tIkSNa buddhi ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jyeSTha ziSya indrabhRti gautama ne zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI viziSTa 35 atizayayukta amogha vANI ke prabhAva se apane antara meM anirvacanIya divya jJAnAloka kA anubhava kiyaa| utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmaka tripadI ke rUpa meM samasta vizva ke trikAlavartI saMpUrNa jJAna-vijJAna ko kunjI prApta kara veda-vedAMga ke pAraMgata vidvAn indrabhUti gautama Adi ke antara meM raMdhe hue jJAna ke samasta srota ajasrarUpeNa phUTa par3e aura jJAna kA athAha sAgara unake hRdayoM meM hiloreM lene lgaa| unake hRdaya kI samasta kuMThAe, riktatAeM, zaMkAeM, anizcitatAeM evaM sabhI prakAra kI kamiyAM kSaNa bhara meM hI dUra ho gii| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki ajJAna ke eka ghane kAle prAvaraNa ke haTa jAne ke kAraNa unake antara meM divya tejomaya prakAzapuMja jJAna kA sahasrarazmi Aloka jagamagAne lagA hai| ___ tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI atizayayukta divya vANI ke prabhAva se tathA pUrvajanma meM kRta utkaTa sAdhanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa indrabhUti gautama Adi gyArahoM sadyaHpravajita vidvAnoM ke zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA tatkSaNa viziSTa kSayopazama huA aura ve usI samaya samagra zrutajJAnasAgara ke viziSTa vettA bana gye| unhoMne sarvaprathama caudaha pUrvo kI racanA kI, jo isa prakAra haiM : 1. utpAdapUrva 8. karmapravAda pUrva 2. agrAyaNI pUrva 6. pratyAkhyAna pUrva 3. vIryapravAda pUrva 10. vidyAnapravAda pUrva 4. astinAsti pravAda pUrva 11. kalyANavAda pUrva 5. jJAnapravAda pUrva 12. prAraNAvAya pUrva 6. satyapravAda pUrva 13. kriyAvizAla pUrva 7. prAtmapravAda pUrva 14. lokavindusAra pUrva ativizAla caudaha pUrvo kI racanA AcArAMgAdi dvAdazAMgI se. pUrva kI gaI, ataH inheM pUrvo ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gyaa|' caudaha pUrvo kI racanA ke pazcAt aMgazAstroM kI racanA kI gii| ' (ka) jamhA tityagaro titthapavattaNa kAle gaNadharANaM savvamuttAdhArattaNato pugvaM pumvagaya suttatyaM bhAsai tamhA punvatti bhaNiyA;... [nandI - hAribhadrIyA vRti pR0 107] (kha) sUSitAni gaNadhararaMgebhyaH pUrvameva yat / . pUrvANItyabhidhIyate, tenaMtAni caturdaza / / 171 // [triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, pavaM 10, sagaM 5]

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kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke indrabhUti prAdi gyArahoM pramukha ziSyoM ne bhagavAna kI vANI ko jo dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM grathita kiyA usameM indrabhUti gautama, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti, Aryavyakta, pAryasudharmA, maMDita aura mauryaputra ina sAta gaNadharoM kI alaga-alaga rUpa se sAta vAcanAeM thiiN| AThavIM vAcanA ke rUpa meM prakampita evaM macala mAtA kI sammilita rUpa se eka vAcanA thI, tathA navamI vAcanA ke rUpa meM metArya mora prabhAsa kI bhI sammilita rUpa se eka vAcanA thii| isa prakAra kyoMki pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se 6 vAcanAeM thIM, ataH pRthaka-pRthak vAcanAbheda kI dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 6 gaNa vikhyAta hue evaM alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se 11 gaNadhara khlaaye|' bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 6 gaNoM ke sthAna para samavAyAMga sUtra meM batAI gaI 11 gaNa saMkhyA, gaNadharoM ke adhIna 11 sAdhu samudAyoM kI apekSA se honI saMbhava hai| dIkSA-samaya pitA kI vidyamAnatA zvetAmbara sAhitya meM indrabhUti gautama ke dIkSAkAla meM unake pitA ke vidyamAna hone athavA na hone kA koI ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| digambara paramparA ke bhI adhikAMza prAcArya isa viSaya meM mauna haiN| kintu digambara kavi 'rayadhu' ne jo apabhraMza bhASA meM mahAvIra-caritra likhA hai usake anusAra indrabhUti ke dIkSAkAla meM unake pitA zAMDilya vidyamAna the| jaba devapati zakrendra ke sAtha indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kI ora prasthAna karane lage taba unake donoM bhAI agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti bhI apane chAtramaMDala sahita unake sAtha ho liye| yaha dekha kara indrabhRti ke pitA zAMDilya brAhmaNa cillA-cillA kara kahane lage- "hAya re durdaiva ! merA to sarvasva luTa gyaa| mere ina putroM ke janmasamaya naimittika ne apanI bhaviSyavANI meM kahA thA ki tumhAre ye putra jainadharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA kara parama-saukhyadAyI mArga ko prazasta karane vAle hoNge| prAja usa jyotiSI kI bAta satya hone jA rahI hai| hAya ! yaha mAyAvI mahAvIra yahAM kahAM se prA gayA hai ?" ' samaNassa bhagavano mahAvIrassa nava gaNA ekkArasa gaNaharA hotyaa| [kalpa sUtra (sthavirAvalI) sUtra 201] 2 samaNassa bhagavano mahAvIrassa ekkArasa gaNA ekkArasa gaNaharA hotyA-taM jahA...... [samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 11] tA saMDille vippe siTThau, hA hA hA kahu kAja viNaTThau / epahiM jammaraNadiNi maI lakkhiu, aimittieNa majma Niu akkhahu // e tiSNi vi jiNasamaya- pahAvaraNa, payaDa karesahi suhagai dAvaNa / taM. pahihANu eha puNu jAyau, kuvi mAyAdi ihu Nisa pAyau / / ___ [mahAvIra carita, (aprakAzita) patra 50 e]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [IkSA para donoM dIkSA para donoM paramparAmoM kA samanvaya indrabhUti gautama kI zramaNa-dIkSA ko lekara zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA meM matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA prabhu mahAvIra kI kevala jJAnopalabdhi ke dUsare hI dina indrabhUti kI dIkSA mAnatI hai; jabaki digambara paramparA 66 dina bAda / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama gaNadharaM ko samAna rUpa se AdaraNIya mAna kara bhI donoM paramparAeM sAmAnya matabheda ke kAraNa eka prakAra se kucha alaga, kucha dUra sI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| zvetAmbara - digambara paramparA ke isa maMtavyabheda ke kAraNa dharmazAsana ke saMcAlana meM ekarUpatA nahIM rhii| para yaha prasannatA kI bAta hai ki hameM donoM paramparAoM meM samanvaya kA eka AdhAra mila rahA hai| digambara paramparA ke maNDalAcArya dharmacandra kRta 'gautamacaritra' meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna, nirvANa aura dharmasaMgha prAdi viSayoM meM zvetAmbara - digambara, donoM paramparAoM meM koI khAsa matabheda nahIM hai| kevala garbhApaharaNa, kumAratva, tIrthasthApana jaise kucha prasaMgoM meM sAmAnya paramparA-bheda hai, jo prAyaH prasaMga ko nahIM samajhane athavA arthabheda kI dRSTi se utpanna humA pratIta hotA hai| samanvaya dRSTi se vicAra karane para kaI viSayoM ke hala nikama Ate haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para 'kumAra' kA artha avivAhita kI taraha anabhiSikta bhI mAna liyA jAya to samanvaya ho sakatA hai| vaise zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra vaizAkha zuklA 11 ko aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra zrAvaNa kRSNA 1 (pratipadA) ko tIrthasthApanA aura gautamAdi kI dIkSA mAnI gaI hai; para usakA samanvaya bhI prApta hotA hai| . prAyaH sabhI digambara granthoM meM prabhu ko kevalajJAna kI prApti ke 66 Dina pazcAt zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ko indrabhUti Adi kI dIkSA kA honA mAnA mahA hai; jabaki maNDalAcArya dharmacandra kRta 'gautamacaritra' meM eka navIna samanvayakArI tathya dRSTigocara hotA hai| gautamacaritra meM likhA hai :"RjukUlA nadI ke taTa para sthita jabhaka nAmaka grAma ke pAsa zAlavRkSa ke nIce zilA para virAjamAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaizAkha zuklA 10ke dina sAyaMkAla kI velA meM kevalajJAna prApta huaa| indra kI prAjJA ke tatkAla kubera dvArA samavasaraNa kI racanA kI gii| bhagavAn mahAvIra siMhAsana para virAjamAna hue kintu yAmamAtra arthAt tIna ghaNTe vyatIta ho jAne para bhI prabhu kI divyadhvani prakaTa nahIM huii|'' ' yAmamAtra vyatikrAnte, siMhAsanaprasaMsthite / atha zrI vIranAthasya, nAbhavad dhvani nirgamaH / / 72 //

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paraMparAmoM kA samanvaya] kevalikAla': indrabhUti gautama __indra ne avadhizAna se divyadhvani prasphuTita na hone kA kAraNa jAnA aura vaha indrabhUti gautama ko lene ke lie vRddha brAhmaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara unake pAsa phuNcaa| zakra yuktipUrvaka gautama ko bhagavAn ke pAsa le aayaa| .vRddha - brAhmaNa - veSadhArI indra dvArA pUche gaye zloka kA artha samajha meM na mAne, mAnastambha ko dekhate hI apane mAna ke tatkAla vigalita ho jAne tathA prabhU ke alaukika prAbhAsampanna, trailokya vimohaka divya tejomaya svarUpa ko dekhane ke kAraNa indrabhUti pratibuddha hue aura prabhucaraNoM meM dIkSita ho gye| 66 dina pazcAt hI indrabhUti ke dIkSita hone kI mAnyatA ko abhivyakta karanA yadi maNDalAcArya dharmacandra bhaTTAraka ko abhISTa hotA to ve "yAmamAtre vyatikrAnte" pada kA prayoga nahIM krte| saMbhava hai unake samakSa ekAdazI ke dina indrabhUti ke dIkSita hone kI samAja meM mAnya koI prAcIna paramparA rahI ho| isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM samanvaya prApta hotA hai| samanvayapremI vidvAn isa para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kreN| ___garagaSara-pada pradAna kI vidhi vartamAna kAla meM prAcAryAdi pada pradAna ke avasara para jisa prakAra kucha vidhi-vidhAna aura maMgala utsava hote haiM usI taraha zAstra meM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna dvArA vAsakSepAdi kisI vizeSa vidhipUrvaka gaNadhara niyukta karane kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| saMbhava hai tripadI-jJAna ke pazcAt tIrthakara bhagavAn viziSTa yogyatA vAle muniyoM ko caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa gaNadhara rUpa se ghoSita karate hoM aura upasthita caturvidha saMgha evaM deva-devI samUha harSadhvanipUrvaka maMgala-mahotsava manAkara abhinandana tathA anumodana abhivyakta karate hoN| - Avazyaka cUriNa, mahAvIra caritra aura triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki indrabhUti Adi gyArahoM gaNadhara prabhu mahAvIra ke sammukha kucha jhuka kara paripATI se khar3e ho gye| kucha kSaNa ke lie devoM ne vAcaninAda baMda kiye / usa samaya jagadguru prabhU mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama indrabhUti gautama ko lakSya kara yaha kahate hue ki "maiM tumheM tIrtha kI anujJA detA hUM" - indrabhUti ke sira para svayaM ke karakamaloM se saugandhika ratnacUrNa DAlA / tadanantara prabhu ne kramazaH anya saba gaNadharoM ke sira para bhI usI prakAra cUrNa ddaalaa| tatpazcAt prabhu mahAvIra ne apane paMcama gaNadhara Arya sudharmA ko ciraMjIvI samajha kara saba garagadharoM ke mAge khar3A kiyA aura zrImukha se pharamAyA- "maiM tumheM dhurI ke sthAna para rakha kara gaNa kI anujJA detA huuN|"" . (ka) prAvazyaka cUNi pRSTha 370 (kha) triSaSTi za0 pu. 10, parva 10 sarga 5, zloka 176-80 (ga) mahAvIra caritra (guNacandragaNi) patra 258 (1)

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [gaNadhara-pada mUla zrAgama - zAstroM meM isa prakAra kI kisI prakriyA kA kahIM kiMcitmAtra bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| aisI dazA meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki prAcAryoM dvArA prAvazyaka cUriMga prAdi granthoM meM uparokta ullekha kisa prAdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| * garagadhara-pada kI mahattA indrabhUti gautama ne caramazarIrI garaNadhara pada kI prApti kii| isase unake dvArA pUrvajanma meM kI gaI utkaTa sAdhanA aura prabhUta puNyopArjanA kA paricaya milatA hai| jaina paramparA ke Agama aura bhAgametara sAhitya meM vizvavaMdya, trailokya zreSTha tIrthaMkara-pada ke pazcAt garaNadhara-pada ko hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai / ". jisa prakAra koI viziSTa sAdhaka pratyucca koTi kI sAdhanA ke dvArA trailokyapUjya tIrthaMkara nAmagotra kA upArjana karatA hai usI prakAra garagadhara pada ko prApta karane ke liye bhI sAdhaka ko uccakoTi kI sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai / tIrthaMkara nAmagotra ke upArjana ke liye to zrAgamoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki amuka 16 yA 20 sthAnoM meM se kisI eka athavA eka se adhika sthAnoM kI utkaTa sAdhanA karane se sAdhaka tIrthaMkara nAma karma kA upArjana karatA hai / kintu gaNadhara nAma-karma kI upArjanA kisa-kisa prakAra kI utkRSTa koTi kI sAdhanA karane para hotI hai, isakA koI ullekha prAgama sAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / zrAvazyaka malayagiri vRtti meM isa prakAra kA ullekha avazya upalabdha hotA hai ki. bharata cakravartI kA RRSabhasena nAmaka putra, jisane ki pUrva bhava meM gaNadhara nAmagotra kA upArjana kiyA thA, saMsAra se virakta hokara dIkSita ho gayA / " bhadrezvara ne IsA kI gyArahavIM zatI meM racita prapane prAkRta bhASA ke " kahAvalI" nAmaka bRhad grantha meM bhI bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke prathama gaNadhara RSabhasena ke pravrajita hone kA ullekha karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki unhoMne apane pUrvabhava meM garaNadhara nAma gotra karma kA upArjana kiyA thaa| isa sambandha meM kahAvalIkAra bhadrezvara dvArA ullikhita paMktiyAM isa prakAra haiM - "sAmiraNo ya samosaraNe sasurAsuramaraguyasabhAe dhammaM sAhintassosabhaseragonAma bharahapuso pugvabhavanibaddhagaraNaharanAmago jAyasaMvego pavvaiyo / " zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke indrabhUti gautama Adi gyAraha garaNadharoM ne bhI apane-apane pUrvajanma meM gaNadhara pada kI pravApti ke yogya kisI na kisI prakAra kI viziSTa sAdhanA kI thI isa prakAra kA saMketa katipaya AcAryoM ne kiyA hai / yathA ' pratyantAptagocaraMzraddhAsthairyavato'nuSThAnAttIrthakRttvaM, madhyama, zraddhA samanvitAd gaNadharatvam / [ yogabindusAra] - 1 dekhiye jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pR0 ha 3 "tatya usabhaserA nAma bharahaputto pugvabhavabaddhagaraNaharanAmagutto jAyasaMvego pavvaimro...!". [prAvazyaka malaya, pra0bhA0 ]

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kI mahattA] kevalikAla : iMdrabhUti gautama "..."madhyamA nAma nagarI, tatra somilAryoM nAma brAhmaNaH, sa yajJaM yaSTramudyataH, tatra caikAdazopAdhyAyAH khalvAgatAH, te ca caramazarIrA bhavAntaropArjitagaNadharalabdhayazca, tAn vijJAya......."madhyamanagaryAM mahasenavanodyAnaM sNpraaptH| [prAvazyaka malaya / pravacanasArodAra] vikrama saM0 1136 meM viracita "mahAvIravariyaM" nAmaka grantha meM guNacandragariNa ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM dvArA apane-apane pUrvajanma meM gaNadhara-pada kI avApti ke yogya kI gaI sAdhanA kA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM varNana kiyA hai - __ "te hi yA punvabhavabhatthasamatthaparamatthasatthavitthAraviyakkharaNattaNeraNa takkAluppannapannAimayamuvvahaMtehiM tayaNusAreNa viraiyAI duvaalsaNgaaii|" [mahAvIra cariyaM pRSTha 257] jaina siddhAnta meM karmavAda ko pramukha evaM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai aura yaha eka nirvivAda satya hai ki pratyeka prANI jisa jisa prakAra ke karma karatA hai unhIM karmoM ke anusAra vaha saMsAra meM sAmAnya athavA viziSTa sthAna, sthiti evaM sattA prApta karatA hai| tadanusAra tIrthakara pada kI prApti ke liye sAdhaka ko jisa prakAra kI kaThora sAdhanA ke daura se gujaranA par3atA hai usI prakAra nizcita rUpa se tIrthakara pada ke pazcAt sarvocca garimApUrNa pada kI prApti ke liye bhI sAdhaka ko usase kucha hI kama kaThora sAdhanA kI kasauTI ko pAra karanA hogaa| bhadrezvarasUri ne gaNadhara RSabhasena ke liye jo "punvabhavanibaddha gaNaharanAmago" kA vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA hai, isase pUrvakAla meM prakhyAta para pazcAdvartI kAla meM vilupta ekaM paramparA kA AbhAsa hotA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke jo garAdhara hote haiM ve apane pUrvabhava . meM eka viziSTa prakAra kI uccatama sAdhanA se gagadhara nAmakarma kA upArjana kara lete haiN| gaNa aura garagaghara .. __ eka hI prakAra kI vAcanA vAle sAdhu-samudAya ko gaNa aura usa sAdhu. samudAya kI vyavasthA kA saMcAlana karane vAle muni ko gaNadhara kahA gayA hai| zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 11 pramukha ziSyoM ne prabhu ke mukha se 'tripadI' suna kara tIna niSadyAoM meM caudaha pUrvo kI racanA kI aura ve gaNadhara kahalAye / Avazyaka riNa meM batalAyA gayA hai ki gautama svAmI ne kisa taraha 'tripadI' kA jJAna grahaNa kiyaa| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki tIna niSadyAoM se gaNadharoM ne 14 pUrvo kI racanA kI / 'niSadyA' kA artha vaMdana karake pUchanA likhA hai / 'utpAda' Adi pratyeka pada para gaNadhara pRcchA karate haiM aura prabhu se uttara suna kara sUtroM kI racanA karate haiN|' 'taM. kahaM gahitaM goyama sAmiNA ? tihiM nisejjAhiM coTsa puvvANi uppAditAriNa / 'nisejjA" NAma pariNavatiUNa jA pucchA...."te ya tANi pucchiUMga egatamaM te suttaM kareti, jArisaM jahA bhariNataM / [mAvazyaka cariNa, pUrvabhAga, patra 370) -

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32 . jaina dharma kA mAlika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [gaNa aura gaNapara zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA artha rUpa meM kahI gaI vANI ko indrabhUti Adi ne sUtrarUpa meM prathita kara dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kI / jaisA ki kahA hai pratthaM bhAsai.parahA, suttaM gaMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / aba yahAM sahaja hI yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadhara 11 haiM to unake garaNa bhI 11 hI hone caahiye| gaNa 11 na hokara 9 hI kyoM? 'vastusthiti yaha hai ki gyAraha gaNadharoM kI zAstra-vAcanA.6 prakAra kI rhii| indrabhUti prAdi prathama 7 gaNadharoM kI pratyeka kI prathaka vAcanA hone ke kAraNa pratyeka ke sAdhu-samudAya kI pRyaka gaNa ke rUpa meM gaNanA kI gii| para pAThaveM aura nauveM gaNadhara - prakaMpita evaM pracalanAtA kI samAna vAcanA thii| usI prakAra metArya aura prabhAsa ina donoM- kramazaH dasaveM aura gyArahaveM gaNadharoM kI bhI vAcanA eka thii| ataH vAcanA ke sAmya se aMtima cAra gaNadharoM meM se do-do garagadharoM kI eka-eka vAcanA hone ke kAraNa gyAraha gaNadharoM ke 9garaNa khlaaye| samavAyAMga sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara aura garaNa bhI gyAraha batAye gaye haiN| saMbhava hai vahAM vyavasthA kI dRSTi se 11 gaNadharoM ke ziSyamaMDala alaga-alaga hone ke kAraNa gyAraha gaNa ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| inabhUti aura suSarmA ko viziSTa pada / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha pramukha ziSyoM dvArA caturdaza pUrvo kI racanA ke pazcAt prabhu ne unheM gaNadhara ghoSita kiyA / Avazyaka cUriNa aura mahAvIra caritra Adi ke anusAra vaizAkha zuklA ekAdazI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI prathama dezanA meM hI apane 11 pramukha ziSyoM ko, jisakA jitanA ziSya samudAya thA usako utanA gaNarUpa se pradAna kiyA aura ve gaNadhara khlaaye| cUrNikAra Adi ne likhA hai ki prArya sudharmA anya gaNadharoM kI apekSA dIrghajIvI haiM aura unase Age dharma-tIrtha calegA, aisA jAna kara prabhu ne unake liye gaNa kI anujJA dI aura indrabhUti ko dravya guNa, paryAyoM se tIrtha kI anujJA dii| arthAt indrabhUti ko tIrthanAyaka aura sudharmA ko gaNanAyaka ke sammAnita pada para svayaM prabhu ne apane hAtha se abhiSikta kiyaa| yahAM para yaha vicAra hotA hai ki jaba zAsanapati - tIrthapati bhagavAn svayaM virAjamAna hoM taba indrabhUti aura sudharmA ko kramazaH tIrtha evaM gaNa kI anujJA denA kyA artha rakhatA hai ? uttara spaSTa hai ki jaise kisI samrATa kI zAsana vyavasthA meM usako sarva sattAsampanna zAsaka mAna kara bhI zikSA, nyAya Adi kI vyavasthA anyAnya adhikAriyoM dvArA sampanna karavAI jAtI hai aura ve bhI zAsaka kahalAte haiM, usI prakAra tIrthakara bhagavAn ko pUrNa sattAsampanna zAsanapati mAna

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inAbhUti, suvarmA ko viziSTa pada] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama / kara unakI prAzA meM prAgama-vAcanA aura sAdhu-samudAya ke prAcAra-pAlana Adi kI vyavasthA ina do gaNadharoM ke AdhIna rakhI gaI ho| isa dRSTi se indrabhUti. paura muSarmA kA kAma bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa zruta kI rakSA ke liye zikSA evaM sAdhu-samudAya kI vyavasthA samhAlanA ho sakatA hai| kyoMki prAgamapraNetAmoM meM indrabhUti.pramukha rahe haiM, isIliye unheM bhagavAn dvArA zrata-tIrtha kA dAyitva samhalAnA ucita lagatA hai| prAgamoM meM bhI jahAM kisI viSaya kA bhagavAn dvArA nirUpaNa upalabdha hotA hai, vahAM prAyaH gautama ko sambodhita kara ke hI bhagavAn ne adhikAMza nirUpaNa kiye haiN| "mamayaM goyam ! mA pamAyae" kI taraha "samayaM suhamma mA pamAyae' kA ullekha kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| suSarmA ko gaNAdhinAyaka cunane kA abhiprAya sudharmA dvArA daza garagadharoM ke mAzrita sAdhu-samudAya ko chor3a kara avaziSTa sAdhu samUha ko saMyama-mArga meM sthira karane kA dAyitva samhalAnA thaa| sudharmA se pUrva nirvANa prApta karane vAle sabhI gaNadharoM dvArA apane nirvANakAla se pUrva apane-apane gaNa sudharmA ko samhalAnA isa tathya kI prAmANikatA siddha karane ke liye atyanta prabala aura puSTa pramANa hai| jaina vAGmaya meM isa prakAra ke spaSTa ullekha milate haiM ki sudharmA kI apekSA zeSa garagaSara alpAyu the aura ve apane pIche apane-apane gaNa kI vyavasthA samhAlane kA kAma sudharmA ko sauMpa kara siddha-buddha evaM mukta hue| isa taraha cUNimAdi meM kahI gaI indrabhUti ke liye tIrtha kI anujJA aura suSarmA ke liye gaNa kI anuzA vastutaH saMgata ho sakatI hai| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki saMgha meM indrabhUti aura sudharmA ko kramazaH tIrthanAyaka aura gaNAdhinAyaka niyukta kara bhagavAn mahAvIra saMgha-saMcAlana se pUrNarUpeNa virata ho gaye / dezanA ke pazcAta innabhUti kA upadeza , mAvazyaka cUNi prAdi granthoM ke anusAra pauruSI ke pazcAt tIrthakara bhagavAn ke uTha jAne para prabhU ke siMhAsana ke nIce pAdapITha para yAsIna hokara gautamasvAmI athavA anya gaNadhara dharmopadeza karate the|' tIrthakara bhagavAn hI dvitIya prahara meM bhI dharmadezanA kyoM nahIM karate isa prakAra ke prazna ke uttara meM prAcIna prAcAryoM ne bhagavAn kI dezanA ke pazcAt mukhya gaNadhara athavA anya gaNaSaroM dvArA dvitIya prahara meM upadeza diye jAne ke nimnalikhita tIna prayojana batAye haiM :' (ka) titvagaro padamapolsIe samma tApa kaheti jAva paDhamaporusI ugghADavelA / / [bhAva. cUriNa, bhAga 1, pR0 332] (kha) upari porasIe uThite titvakare goyamasAmI anno vA gaNaharo bitIya pommIe dhamma kaheti / [vahI, pR. 333

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [inabhUti kA upadeza 1. tIrthakara bhagavAn ko vizrAma denA evaM ziSyoM kI yogyatA kA bar3hAnA / 2. zrotAnoM ko vizvAsa dilAnA ki gaNadhara bhI tIrthakara jaisA hI upadeza dete haiM evaM guru-ziSya ke vacanoM meM koI virodha nahIM hai| 3. yaha batAnA ki bhagavAn ne artharUpa vANI pharamAI, usa vANI ko gaNadharoM ne sUtra rUpa meM athita kiyA evaM gaNadharoM dvArA sUtra rUpa meM grathita bhagavAn kI usI vAraNI ko vAcanA meM sunAyA jAtA hai|' prAcArya hemacandra ke anusAra jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra gaNadharoM ko sadyaH. sthApita caturvidha tIrtha ke saMcAlana kI anumati pradAna kara devacchaMda meM padhAra gaye taba prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ne bhagavAn ke siMhAsana ke pAsa pAdapITha para mAsIna ho dvitIya prahara meM pariSada ko upadeza diyA / ' __ "sena prazna" ke anusAra tIrthasthApanA divasa ke atirikta bhI sarvadA dvitIya pauruSI meM prathama yA anya gaNadhara kA vyAkhyAna karanA mAnA gayA hai| . prAgamakAlIna paramparA meM kahIM aisA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai ki tIrthakara bhagavAn prathama prahara meM hI dharmopadeza karate haiN| prathama prahara kA hI dezanA kA niyama mAnA jAya to jahAM prathama prahara ke bAda hI bhagavAn kA padArpaNa humA hogA vahAM usa dina dezanA nahIM huI hogii| para aisA AgamakAlIna spaSTa ullekha nahIM milatA / saMbhava hai uttarakAlIna paramparA meM aisA mAnA gayA ho| gaNadhara dvArA dvitIya prahara ke dharmopadeza meM jo 'kheda-vinoda' kA hetu prastuta kiyA gayA hai vahAM anantazakti sampanna bhagavAn ke liye kheda kI saMbhAvanA vicAraNIya hai,| saMbhava hai bhagavAn se sune hue bhAvoM ko gaNadhara sUtra rUpa se phira vahIM para sunAte hoM / jaisA ki cUrNikAra ne kahA hai :"bhagavatA attho bhaNito, gaNaharehi gaMtho ko, vAino ya iti / " [AvazyakacUrNi, pUrvabhAga, pR0 334] . samavAyAMga sUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra apanI niriNarAtri meM kalyANaphala vipAka evaM pApaphala vipAka ke kramazaH 55-55 adhyayanoM kA upadeza dekara siddha hae / isa taraha prAcAryoM ne 16 prahara taka nirantara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA dezanA denA mAnya kiyA hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki tIrthakara prathama prahara meM hI dezanA dete haiM, aisA niyama nahIM hai| ' bhagavatA pratyo bhariNato, gaNaharehiM gaMtho ko vAimo ya iti / [bhAva. cu, pR0 334] 2 triSaSTi0, parva 10, sarga 5, zlo0 184 3 jyepTho anyo vA...... [175 prazna, senaM pra0, 3] 4 (ka) samaraNe bhagavaM mahAvIre aMtima rAiyaMsi paNapanaM prajjhayaNAI kallAgaphala vivAgAI paNapannaM ajjhayarapAiM pAvaphala vivAgAiM vAgarittA siddhe. buddhe jaavpphiinne|| [samavAyAMga-samavAya 55] (kha) jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-prathama bhAga, pR0 470

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digambara-mAnyatA] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn ko dezanA viSayaka vigambara-mAnyatA tIrthakara bhagavAna kI dezanA-rUpa divya dhvani kaba aura kitane samaya taka prakaTa hotI hai, isa sambandha meM digambara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki tIrthaMkara bhagavAn kI divya dhvani trikAla meM navamaharta taka aura isake atirikta gaNadhara, deva, indra athavA cakravartI ke praznAnurUpa artha ke nirUpaNa hetu zeSa samaya meM bhI prakaTa hotI hai| indrabhUti kA uccatama vyaktitva vyakti kA mahatva dhana, vaibhava athavA kisI ucca pada se nahIM kintu usake ucca vyaktitva se hotA hai / prAkRti se bhI vyakti kI mahattA samajhI jAtI hai para kaI bAra isameM bhrAnti bhI ho jAtI hai| zAstra meM kahA hai ki kucha vyakti rUpamaMpanna hote haiM para zIlasaMpanna nhiiN| kucha. vyakti zIlavAna-guNavAn hokara bhI rUpavAna nahIM hote| parantu mahAmUni indra, ti bhavya prAkRti ke sAtha zAMta-saumya prakRti ke bhI dhanI the / lokokti meM kahA hai : "sulabhA prAkRtiraMmyA, durlabhaM hi guNArjanam / " indrabhUti gautama isake apavAda the| gautama gotrIya indrabhUti kA zarIra UMcAI meM sAta hAtha kA, AkAra samacaturastra-lakSaNa yukta, bala vajraRSabhanArAcavana sA majabUta, varga tapAye hae kundana athavA pakamala sA gaura / indrabhUti kI bhavya aura sundara prAkRti ko dekhakara manuSya to kyA deva bhI mohita ho jAte the| vizAla bhAla aura kamalapuSpa sama khile nayanoM kI ramaNIkatA dekha darzakajana ke nayana apalaka nihArate hI raha jAte the| __ zarIra kI taraha unakA antarmana bhI anupama zAnti kA prAkara thaa| prakANDa pANDitya ke sAtha indrabhUti ke vimala prAcAra aura tapasteja ne unake jIvana ko gatagunA camakA rakhA thaa| indrabhUti ke vyaktitva kA paricaya dete hue bhagavatI aura upAsakadazA mUtra meM kahA hai - zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jyeSTha antevAsI indrabhUti araNagAra. ugratapa, dIptatapa, taptatapa aura mahAtapa ke dhAraNa the| ghora guNI aura ghora brahmacArI the| zarIra se mamatA-rahita, tapa kI sAdhanA se prApta tejolezyA ko gupta rakhane vAle, jJAna kI apekSA se caturdaza pUrvadhArI aura cAra jJAna ke dhAraka the| 'paThAdIe aksaliyo, saMmatidaya gnnvmuhutaagi| hissaradi biruvamANo, divyamuNI jAva joyaNayaM 603|| sesesu samaema, gagaharadeviMdacakkavaTTINaM / paNhANuruvamatthaM, divamuraNI pra sattabhaMgIhiM / / 104 // [tilothapaNatI, mahAdhikAra 4]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [uccatama vyaktitva ve marvAkSara-mannipAta jaimI vividha labdhiyoM ke dhAraka aura mahAn nejasvI the| ve bhagavAna mahAvIra se na ati dUra na ani mamIpa UrdhvajAna aura adhosira ho baiThate the, saba pora me avaruddha apane dhyAna ko kevala prabhu ke caraNAravinda meM kendrita kiye hue saMyama aura tapa se apanI AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicarate the / ' ve atizaya jJAnI hokara bhI parama gurubhakta aura Adarza ziSya the| . upAsakadazAsUtra ke anusAra ve chaTTha-cha? tapa ke nirantara pAraNA karane vAle the / 2 aApakA vinaya itanA uccakoTi kA thA ki jaba bhI unheM koI prazna pUchanA hotA to ve tatparatA se uThakara bhagavAn ke pAsa jAte aura zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko tIna bAra pradakSiNApUrvaka vandanA-namaskAra karate aura tadanantara maryAdita kSetra meM sammukha baiTha kara sevA karate hue, vinaya se prAMjaliyukta bhagavAn se pUchate / 3 saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to ve "jAisaMpanne, kulasampanne, valasampanne, viraNayasaMpanne, gANasampanne, daMsaNasaMpanne, carittasaMpanne, proyaMsIteyaMsI jasaMsI" Adi saMsAra ke samasta sarvocca koTi ke guNoM ke akSaya bhaMDAra the| kitanA uccakoTi kA vyaktitva thA indrabhUti gautama kA! indrabhUti dvArA devazarmA ko pratiyoSa - jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanA nirvANa-kAla nikaTa dekhA to unhoMne apane prati nissIma sneha va pragAr3ha rAga rakhane vAle gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko apane niriNa samaya meM apane se dUra rakhanA Avazyaka samajha kara devazarmA nAmaka brAhmaNa ko pratibodha dene hetu eka gAMva meM bheja diyaa| guru-prAjJA pAlana meM aharniza tatpara rahane vAle parama prAjJAkArI indrabhUti gautama ne prabhu-prAjJA ko zirodhArya kara natkSagaga devazarmA ke grAma kI ora prasthAna kara diyaa| bhadrezvarasUri ne kahAvalI meM isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai ki bhagavAn ne indrabhUti gautama ko campA nagarI ke mArgastha grAma meM devazarmA ko ' teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaraNassa bhagavano mahAvIrassa jeThe aMtevAsI iMdabhUI NAma araNagAre goyama gutteNaM sattussehe samacauraMsasaMThANasaMThie, vajjarisaha-nArAyasaMghayaraNe, karaNayapulayanisahapamhagore, uggatave, dittatave, tattatave, mahAtave, porAle, ghore, ghoraguNe, ghoratavassI, ghorabaMbhaceravAsI, ucchUDhasarIre, saMkhittaviulateulesse, cohasapugvI, caunAgovagae, mavvakkharasannivAI samaNassa bhagavano mahAvIrassa pradUrasAmaMte uDDhajANU ahosire ubhAraNakoTThovagae saMjameNaM tavasA appAraNaM bhAvamANe viharai / [bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 1] 2 chaTheM chadreNaM aggikvitteNaM tavokammeNaM saMjameNaM tavasA appAraNaM bhAvemANe viharaI / 3 nA gaM se bhagavaM goyame jAyamaDThe jAyasaMsae...''uThAe uTTei, uThittA jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre tegeva uvAgacchadai uvAgacchittA samaraNaM bhagavaM mahAvIraM tikkhutto pAyAhiraNaM payAhiga kareDa kareDatA vaMdai namasai namasailA naccAsanna nAidUre susmUsamAraNe namasamAraNe abhimahe viggAeraNaM paMjaliuDe pajjuvAsamAraNe evaM vayAsI / bhagavatI mUtra, zataka 1, u0 1]

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devazarmA ko pratibodha kevalikAla : indrabhUmi gautama prativodha dene aura use pratibodha dene ke pazcAt campA nagarI meM jAkara subhadrA thAvikA ko dharma-saMdeza sunAne kA prAdeza dekara bhejA thaa| bhagavAn kI AjJAnusAra devazarmA ko pratibodha dekara jaba indrabhUti gautama campA nagarI meM subhadrA zrAvikA ke ghara pahuMce to vahAM subhadrA dhAvikA ne unheM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa prApta kara lene kA samAcAra sunAyA / ' paramparAgata mAnyatA yaha hai ki arddharAtri ke pazcAt nirvANotsava manAne hetu devoM ke grAkAzamArga se gamanAgamana ko dekhakara jJAnopayoga se indrabhUti gautama ko vidita ho gayA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa-pada prApta kara liyA hai / "mere ArAdhya deva zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa ho gayA hai", isa bAta kA vicAra Ate hI indrabhUti gautama kSaNa bhara ke liye stabdha raha gaye / indrabhUti gautama kA zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati pragAr3ha anurAga hone ke kAraNa ve zokasAgara meM nimagna ho gaye aura unake zokasaMtapta antaraMga se haThAt isa prakAra ke karuNodgAra prakaTa hone lage : _____ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa para indrabhUti kA cintana "zoka ! mahAzoka ! Aja mithyAtva apanA nibiDAndhakAra phailAne meM samartha ho gyaa| rAtri ke andhakAra meM jisa prakAra ulUka bolate haiM usI taraha aba mithyA-mata ke pravartaka garjanA karane lgeNge| aba durbhikSAdi kA yatra-tatra prasAra hogaa| jisa prakAra rAhu dvArA sUrya ke grasta kara liye jAne para gagana meM aura dIpaka ke bujha jAne para bhavana meM andhakAra vyApta. ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra he trailokya-prabhAkara prabho! Apake nirvANapada ko prApta ho jAne ke kAraNa Aja samasta bharatakSetra timirAcchanna aura zrIhIna ho gayA hai| nAtha ! aba meM kinake caraNa-kamaloM para apanA mastaka rakhakara apane antara meM udbhUta huI zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna hetu ' duhavivagamohahArI, sAmI bharaNai goyamaM / puhavivAga mohaM taM, pecchanto taha ceva se / / vacca goyama caMpAe, bohaMto maggasaMThiyaM / deva samaTTiyaM tato, caMpaM patto puri tumaM / / pattA u chapaeNaM me, saMbhAsijjesu mAyaraM / sur3hadhammaM jiNaNAe, subhaI nAma sAviyaM // souM ca goyamo dhImaM, cottuM (vottuM) bhaMte tahatti ya / tatto sigdhaM viNAyappA, niviyappo gayo tahiM / / goyameNa vimagattha devasamma mAhaNaM saMbohittA caMpAe gaMtuM mahAvIra-bhariNayaM sAhiUraNa savisesaM bhAsiyA subhaddA tIe vi viNAya paramatyAe bhariNayaM siddho sAmI....... kahAvalI (maprakAzita)] 2 dekhiye, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 470

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38 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga | bha0ma0 ke nirvANa para :. prazna rakhUMgA ? prabho ! ava meM kisako bhadanta evaM bhagavana kaha kara pukArUMgA aura mujhe aba pragAr3ha sneha evaM ananta zrAtmIyatA se zrotaH prAMta amRta se bhI atyaMta madhura vAraNI meM "gautama !" isa sambodhana se kaoNna sambodhita karegA ?" " "hA, hA ! karuNaikasindho ! prApane yaha kyA kiyA jo apane sadA-sarvadA ke dAsa ko avasAna kI isa antima velA meM apane se dUra bheja diyA ? prabho ! haThI bAlaka kI taraha kyA meM balAt ApakI goda meM baiThane vAlA thA ? kyA maiM Apake kevalajJAna meM se koI hissA baMTA letA ? kyA mujhe sAtha le jAne se mokSa meM sthAna kI pravakuNThA prAne vAlI thI aura kyA maiM Apake liye koI bhArarUpa ho rahA thA jo grApa dAsa ko isa prakAra asahAya chor3a kara mokSa meM padhAra gaye ?" "1 isa prakAra pUrNa manoyoga ke sAtha-sAtha "vIra ! vIra ! kA nikhtara uccAraNa evaM dhyAna karate-karate indrabhUti svayaM vIramaya ho gaye, vIra kI ananta vItarAgatA kA udgama unake antara meM huA aura unakI utkaTa vicAradhArA ne apanA pravAha palaTA / unheM anubhava huA - "are ! vIra to parama vItarAga the| vItarAga prabhu meM kisI ke prati anurAga nahIM hotA, yaha tathya mere parama dayAlu prabhu ne mujhe kitanI bAra samajhAyA hai / yaha to merA hI aparAdha thA ki maiMne isa tathya kI ora kiMcitamAtra bhI apanA upayoga nahIM lagAyA aura ekapakSIya anurAgasAgara meM pUrNataH nimagna rahA / dhikkAra hai mere isa ekapakSIya rAga ko, ekapakSIya sneha ko / sacamuca isa prakAra kA ekAMgINa sneha-rAga hI zivasukha kI prApti meM zailAdhirAja ke samAna savala avarodha hai / aba maiM isa anurAga ko isa sneha ko sadA-sarvadA ke liye tilAMjali detA hU~ / vastutaH maiM ekAkI hai| na to meM svayaM kisI kA hU~ aura na koI merA / " indrabhUti gautama ne sneha kI vajrava khalAnoM ko eka hI jhaTake meM tor3a ddaalaa| ve utkaTa cintana se tatkSaraNa uccatara dhyAna kI parama ucca sIr3hI para . pahu~ce aura unheM nikhila vizva kI trikAlavartI sakala carAcara vastuoM ke samasta bhAvoM ko dekhane-jAnane vAle kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho gaI / ' prasarati mithyAtvatamo, garjanti kutIrthikauzikA pradya / durbhikSaDamaravarAdi rAkSasAH prasArameSyanti / / grahagrastanizAkaramiva gaganaM, dIpahInamiva bhavanam / bharatamidaM gatazomaM tvayA vinAdya prabho ! jajJe / kasyAMpiIDe praraNataH padArthAn punaH punaH praznapadI karomi / kaM vA bhadanteti vadAmi ko vA, mAM gautametyAptagirAtha vaktA // , [ kalpasubodhikA 8 kSvaraNa ]

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indrabhUti kA cintana] kevalikAlaH indrabhUti gautama usI dina se loka meM ye do uktiyAM pracalita ho gaIM : mukkhamaggapavanANaM, siNeho vjjsiNkhlaa| vIre jIvantae jAmo, goyamo na kevalI / / arthAt mokSa patha ke pathikoM ke liye sneha vajrazRMkhalAoM ke samAna hai| isakA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai indrabhUti gautama kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati sImAtIta sneha, jisake kAraNa vIraprabhu kI vidyamAnatA meM gautama kevalI na ho ske| ahaMkAro'pi bodhAya, rAgo'pi gurubhktye| . viSAdaH kevalAyAbhUt citraM zrI-gautama prabhoH // . arthAt saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke liye ahaMkAra, rAga aura biSAda nitAnta anarthakArI haiM; para bar3e pAzcarya kI bAta hai ki gautama svAmI ke liye to ye tInoM mahAn anarthakArI siddha hone ke sthAna para mahAn lAbhakArI siddha ho gaye kyoMki ahaMkAra unheM zAstrArya hetu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa lAyA aura unake liye bodhiprApti meM parama sahAyakaM kAraNa huaa| rAga ke kAraNa unake hRdaya meM gurubhakti uttarottara bar3hatI hI gaI aura ve gurubhaktoM ke pratIka mAne jAne lge| viSAda vastutaH sabake liye duHkhadAyI hai para gautama indrabhUti ke liye to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se unake antara meM utpanna huA viSAda bhI unheM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi karAne meM kAraNa bnaa| ..inabhUti ko nirvANasApanA pacAsa varSa kI vaya meM indrabhUti gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kii| dIkSA ke prathama dina meM hI ve caturdaza pUrvo ke jJAtA bana gye| ve nirantara 30 varSa taka vinaya bhAva se bhagavAn kI sevA karate hue prAmAnugrAma vicaraNa kara jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA karate rahe / unake dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karane ke 30 varSa pazcAt jaba pAvApurI meM kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ko bhagavAna kA nirvANa humA taba prAtmasvarUpa kA cintana karate hue unhoMne ghAti-karmoM kA kSaya kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| unhoMne bAraha varSa taka kevalIbhAva se pRthvImaNDala para vicaraNa karate hue jinamArga kI prabhAvanA kI aura anta meM vIra nirvANa saM0 12 ke aMta meM unhoMne apanA avasAna kAla nikaTa jAna kara rAjagaha ke guNazIla caitya meM AmaraNa anazana svIkAra kiyaa| eka mAsa ke anazana kI bhArAdhanA ke pazcAt samAdhipUrvaka kAla kara ve simbuda-mukta ho gye| mApakI pUrNa prAyu 62 varSa kI thii| pApakA maMgala nAmasmaraNa pAja bhI jana-jana ke hadaya ko prAllAdita va mAnaMdita karatA hai| pratidina lAkhoM jana prAja bhI prabhAta ko maMgala velA meM bhaktipUrvaka bhAvavibhora ho bolate haiM : aMgUThe amRta base, ladhi taNA bhaNDAra / zrI guru gautama samariye, vAMchita phala dAtAra / /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pUrvabhava ma pUrvabhava meM indrabhUti gautama karma ke anusAra anantakAla se pratyeka prANI saMsAra meM janma-maraNa grahaNa karatA pA rahA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra indrabhUti gautama kA jIva bhI pUrvabhava meM vividha gati, jAti aura zarIroM ko dhAraNa karatA AyA thA, isameM koI sandeha nhiiN| para aisI uttama karaNI karane vAlA yaha jIva pahale kauna thA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra se unakA pahale kahAM-kahAM aura kaisA-kaisA sambandha rahA, isa sambandha meM jijJAsA honI sahaja hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya meM prAgamakAra itanA to spaSTataH ullekha karate haiM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama kA pahale anekoM bhavoM kA premasambandha rahA thaa| bhagavatI sUtra meM isa prakAra kA ullekha AtA hai ki eka bAra indrabhUti gautama ke dvArA isa bAta para kheda prakaTa karane para ki unake samakSa dIkSita aneka muniyoM ne kevalajJAna prApta kara liyA para unako svayaM ko kevalajJAna kI prApti kisa kAraNa se nahIM huI, zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne indrabhUti ko Azvasta karate hue kahA - "gautama ! terA aura merA aneka bhavoM meM premasambandha rahA hai| tuma cirakAla se mere sAtha snehasUtra meM ba~dhe ho| tuma cirakAla se mere dvArA prazaMsita, paricita, sevita evaM mere anuvartI rahe ho| kabhI deva bhava meM, to kabhI manuSya bhava meM mere sAtha rahe ho| yahI nahIM, aba yahAM se maraNAnantara hama donoM paraspara tulya rUpa vAle, bhedarahita, kabhI na vichur3ane vAle evaM sadA eka sAtha rahane vAle maMgI-sAthI bana jaayeNge|' abhI taka tumhArA mere prati pragADha dharmAnurAga rahane ke kAraNa tumheM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM ho pAI haiM kintu cintA jaisI koI bAta nahIM hai|" ... bhagavatI mUtra ke uparivariNata ullekhAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha indrabhUti gautama kA aneka bhavoM kA sambandha honA pramANita hotA hai| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tripRSTha vAsudeva ke pUrvabhava meM indrabhUti gautama ke jIva kA unake sArathI ke rUpa meM unake sAtha hone ke atirikta anya kisI bhava kA zvetAmbara sAhitya meM kahIM koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| digambara paramparA ke kavi 'rayadhu' kRta apabhraza bhApA ke "mahAvIra caritra" aura bhaTTAraka dharmacandrakRta "gautama caritra" meM indrabhUti, agnibhUti rAyagiheM jAva parisA paDigayA goyamAdi / samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre goyamaM AmaMtettA evaM vayAsI- "cirasaMsiTThosi me goyamA ! cirasaMyutosi me goyamA ! ciraparicitosi meM goyamA ! ciramigrosi me goyamA ! cigaNagagromi me goyamA ! cirANuvattImi ma goyamA ! agAtaraM devaloga aNaMtaraM mAragummAe bhave ki paraM maraNakAyasma bhedA, ito nRtA do vi talA rAgaTThA pravimegamagaNAgApanA bhavimmAmA / [bhagavatI mUtra, zataka 16, azA 7]

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indrabhUti gautama] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama evaM vAyubhUti ke sAta bhavoM kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, para unameM se kisI eka bhava meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIva ke sAtha unakA kisI bhI prakAra kA koI sambandha nahIM batAyA gayA hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI hetu usa kathA-bhAga kA yahAM sAra prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai :. eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra vibhinna dezoM ke aneka bhavyoM kA uddhAra karate hue rAjagRha nagara ke vipulAcala para pdhaare| vahAM magadhAdhipati zreNika ne savidhi vaMdana ke pazcAt atyanta vinIta evaM madhura svara meM trilokInAtha tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra se prazna kiyA- "bhagavan ! Apake pramukha ziSya evaM prathama garaNadhara Arya indrabhUti gautama ne aisI adbhuta aura acintya AdhyAtmika saMpadA kisa mahAn sukRta ke phalasvarUpa prApta kI hai ?" bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mahArAjA zreNika ke prazna kA uttara dete hae pharamAyA - "zreNika ! prANI pApa - prakRtiyoM ke bandha se avanati kI ora tathA puNya - prakRtiyoM ke bandha se unnati kI ora agrasara hotA hai| yaha indrabhUti gautama ke pUrvabhavoM se bhalIbhAMti vidita ho jAtA hai|" ati prAcIna samaya meM kAzI deza ke mahArAja vizvalocana eka bar3e pratApI rAjA hae haiN| unakI paTarAnI kA nAma vizAlAkSI thA jo parama sundarI para svabhAva se bar3I caMcala evaM ajitendriyA thii| ekadA rAtri ke samaya raMgikA aura cAmarI nAma kI apanI do dAsiyoM ke sAtha rAnI vizAlAkSI ne eka nATaka dekhA / nATaka ke zRgArarasapUrNa uttejaka abhinayoM ko dekha kara vizAlAkSI kI kAmavAsanA itane pracaNDa vega se jAgRta ho uThI ki vaha svairiNI kI taraha svecchAvihAra kI bhAvanA liye rAjamahaloM se bhAga nikalane ko chaTapaTAne lgii| donoM dAmiyoM kI durabhisaMdhi evaM sahAyatA se vaha madhyarAtri meM chala-chadmapUrvaka mahaloM se bhAga nikalane meM saphala huii| nagara se dUra jaMgala meM pahuMcane para unhoMne yoginiyoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura corI-chipe kAzI rAjya kI sImA pAra . kii| tadanantara ve tInoM yoginiyoM kA vepa dhAraNa kiye hue vibhinna grAmoM evaM nagaroM grAdi meM unmana bhAva me kAma-mevana karatI haI yatheccha vicarane lgiiN| udhara mahaloM meM ganI ko na pA kara gajA vizvalocana bar3A cintita hamA aura lagjA, viyoga evaM zoka me saMtapta ho kucha hI dinoM pazcAt mRtyu ko prApta huA / ' udhara yoginiyA ke vepa meM svacchandatApUrvaka bhaTakatI huI ve tInoM pravantI dega meM pahano / eka dina kimI tAmvI mani ko nagara kI grora nagna rUpa meM prAte dagva va nIno Rda ho mani ko bhalA-baga munAne lgii| antarAya samajha kara mani vinA bhikSA grahagA kiye hI lauTa phe| una kAmAndha nInoM striyoM ne jaMgala nasana pAna nadiyAgapravIDita :... - gautama caritra, adhikAra 2, zlo. 185

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pUrvabhava meM meM pahuMca kara rAtri ke samaya apanI vAsanApUrti ke liye dhyAnastha muni ko dhyAna se vicalita karane ke aneka upAya kiye| muni ko dhyAna se vicalita karane ke sabhI upAyoM ke niSphala ho jAne para una tInoM striyoM ne bar3I nirdayatApUrvaka muni para daNDoM aura pattharoM ke prahAra kiye| muni ko dI gaI ghora pIr3A ke phalasvarUpa ve tInoM striyAM ati bhISaNa kuSTha roga se grasta ho antatogatvA paMcama naraka meM utpanna huii| 17 sAgara taka naraka ke .asahya dAruNa duHkhoM ko bhoga kara ve tInoM kramazaH billI, zUkarI, kutiyA aura murgI ke bhava kara mleccha kUla meM kanyAoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hii| sabaH jAta avasthA meM mAtA-pitA aura zaizavAvasthA meM abhibhAvakoM taka ke mara jAne ke kAraNa ve tInoM kanyAeM dara-dara kI ThokareM khAtI huI bar3A duHkhamaya jIvana bitAne lgiiN| una tInoM kA svarUpa bar3A hI amanojJa thaa| unake zarIra se nirantara aisI kutsita durgandha nikalatI rahatI thI ki koI unheM pAsa taka nahIM phaTakane detA thaa| kulA' hone ke sAtha-sAtha unameM se eka kAnI, dUsarI laMgar3I pora tIsarI kauve kI taraha nitAnta kAlI-kalUTI thI / isa prakAra asahAyAvasthA meM bhUkhI-pyAsI idhara-udhara bhaTakatI huI ve tInoM kanyAeM eka nagara ke bAhara virAjamAna graMgabhUSaNa nAmaka muni ke pAsa pahuMcI aura vaMdana-namaskAra ke pazcAt unakA upadeza zravaNa karane lgiiN| upadeza-zravaNa ke pazcAt avantI ke mahArAja mahIcandra ne muni se prazna kiyA- "bhagavan ! ina atyanta ghRNita zarIra vAlI nitAnta kurUpa kanyAoM ke prati mere mAnasa meM prAtmIya bhAva se sneha kisa kAraNa jAgRta ho rahA hai ?" uttara meM aMgabhUSaNa muni ne kahA- "rAjan ! pUrvabhava meM yaha kAnI kanyA tumhArI vizAlAkSI nAma kI rAnI aura ye donoM usakI dAsiyAM thiiN| muni ko bhISaNa yAtanA dene ke phalasvarUpa ye tInoM durgatiyoM meM bhaTakatI huI zUdrakanyAoM ke rUpa meM utpanna huI haiN| pUrvabhava ke sambandha ke kAraNa tumhAre mana meM inake prati sneha jAgRta ho uThA hai|" ___ pazcAttApa ke prAMtU bahAtI huI kanyAoM kI prArthanA para muni ne unheM "labdhividhAna" nAmaka vrata karane kA upadeza diyA ! munirAja ke upadeza aura mahArAja mahIcandra ke sahayoga se una tInoM ne samyakta va grahaNa kiyA aura sandhividhAna vrata evaM tapa karatI huI ve tInoM kanyAeM dharmAcaraNa meM nirata rhtiiN| anta meM ve tInoM kanyAeM apanI strIliMga kI karmaprakRtiyoM ko vinaSTa kara samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara paMcama devaloka meM mahaddhika devoM ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| paMcama svarga ke anupama sukhoM kA 10 sAgara kI sudIrgha avadhi taka upabhoga karane ke manantara vizAlAkSI kA jIva bharata kSetrAntargata magadha deza ke brAhmaNa navara ke nivAsI zAMDilya nAmaka vedapAThI vidvAn brAhmaNa kI jyeSTha bhAryA spaMDilA ke garbha meM utpanna humaa| garbhAdhAna kI rAtri meM sthaMDilA ne eka mahA

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indrabhUti gautama kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama .. pratApI putra ke janma kA sUcaka zubha svapna dekhA / garbhakAla kI samApti para bhAgyavatI sthaMDilA brAhmaNI ne eka mahAna tejasvI putraratna ko janma diyaa| brAhmaraMga-dampati ne apane usa putra kA nAma indrabhUti rkhaa| kAlAntara meM cAmarI dAsI kA jIva bhI paMcama svarga kI Ayu pUrNa kara sthaMDilA ke garbha meM avatarita hyaa| yathAsamaya sthaMDilA ne dUsare tejasvI putra ko janma diyA jisakA nAma agnibhUti (dUsarA nAma gArgya) rakhA gyaa| tadanantara raMgikA dAsI kA jIva bhI paMcama svarga kI 10 sAgara kI prAya pUrNa hone para usI zAMDilya brAhmaNa kI dUsarI dharmapatnI kesarI nAma kI brAhmaNI ke garbha meM pAyA aura garbhakAla pUrNa hone para putra rUpa se utpanna huaa| usa saumya zizu kA nAma vAyubhUti (dUsarA nAma bhArgava) rakhA gyaa| donoM mAtAnoM aura pitA zAMDilya ne apane parama bhAgyazAlI tInoM putroM kA bar3e dulAra aura pyAra ke sAtha pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| zAMDilya ne samaya para apane tInoM putroM kI zikSA-dIkSA kI samucita vyavasthA kI / tInoM bhAiyoM ne parizramapUrvaka vividha zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA aura ve vedavidyA ke pAragAmI vidvAn bana gaye / isa prakAra ve hI vizAlAkSI, raMgiqA aura cAmarI ke jIva-kramazaH indrabhUti agnibhUti evaM vAyubhUti-ye tIna gaNadhara kahalAye / rayadhU aura bhaTTArakajI ne kisa prAmANikaM AdhAra se indrabhUti Adi tIna garaNadharoM ke ina pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha kiyA hai yaha jJAta nahIM hotA,' kyoMki digamvara paramparA ke anya grantha isa viSaya meM mauna haiN| . bhagavatI sUtra ke. pUrvokta ullekha ke anusAra to bhagavAn mahAvIra aura indrabhUti gautama kI pUrvabhava-parampaga aneka pUrvabhavoM meM eka dUsare se sambandhita aura sAtha-sAtha honI caahie| apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi rayadhU aura bhaTTAraka dharmacandra dvArA ullikhita indrabhUti prAdi tInoM gautama bandhuoM ke ye pUrvabhava bhagavatI sUtra ke bhAvoM se mela nahIM khAte / vidvajjana isa viSaya meM vizeSa rUpa se prAcIna sAhitya meM tathya kI gavepaNA kareM, yaha vAMchanIya hai| prathama paTTadhara viSayaka prAcIna digambara mAnyatA yadyapi digambara paramparA ke prAyaH sabhI mAnya granthoM meM yaha ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt indrabhUti gautama hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara prAcArya bane kintu digambara paramparA ke eka sabase prAcIna grantha 'loka vibhAga' meM zvetAmbara mAnyatA kI hI taraha isa bAta kA saMketa upalabdha hotA ' aisA pratIta hotA hai ki saMbhavataH bhaTTAraka paraMparA ke prasAra ke samaya vratoM ke mAhAtmya ko bahAcar3hA kara janatA ke mamakSa rakhane kI daur3a meM "landhividhAnavana" ko lokapriya banAna kI dRSTi se isa kathA kI kalpanA kI gaI ho| -mampAdaka

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jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga | prathama paTTadhara viSayaka hai ki bhagavAn ke nirvAraNa ke pazcAt unake prathama paTTadhara grArya sudharmA bane, na ki 1 indrabhUti gautama / 48 digambara paramparA kA vaha pratiprAcIna grantha mUlataH prAkRta bhASA meM thA / vaha to vilupta ho cukA hai parantu usI prAkRta bhASA ke 'lokavibhAga' grantha ke AdhAra para banA saMskRta 'loka vibhAga' upalabdha hotA hai / saMskRta 'lokavibhAga ke karttA siMhasUrapi ne mUla loka vibhAga kA saMskRta meM granuda karate samaya grantha ke prArambha meM likhA hai : lokAloka vibhAgajJAn, bhaktyA stutvA jinezvarAn / vyAkhyAsyAmi samAsena, lokatatvamanekadhA // anta meM prazasti meM likhA hai * bhavyebhyaH suramAnuSoru sadasi zrI varddhamAnArhatA, yatproktaM jagato vidhAnamakhilaM jJAtaM sudharmAdibhiH / grAcAryAvalikAgataM viracitaM tat siMhasUrarSiraNA / bhASAyA parivartanena nipuNaiH sammAnitaM sAdhubhiH / / arthAt loka aura aloka ke vibhAgoM ko jAnane vAle jinezvaroM kI bhaktisahita stuti kara ke lokatatva kA saMkSepa meM vyAkhyAna karatA hU~ / antima prazasti meM likhA hai ki devoM aura manuSyoM kI sabhA meM tIrthaMkara varddhamAna ne samasta jagat kA vidhAna bhavyajanoM ke liye kahA, jo sudharmA svAmI Adi ne jAnA aura jo prAcArya paramparA se Aja taka calA A rahA hai, use siMhasUra - RSi ne bhASA-parivartana kara ke viracita kiyA, usakA nipuNa sAdhujanoM sammAna kiyA hai | prazasti ke zloka meM prayukta - "jJAtaM sudharmAdibhiH " praura "prAcAryAvalikAgataM"- ina donoM padoM para sUkSma dRSTi se gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para inakA spaSTarUpa se yahI artha nikalatA hai ki - 'sudharmA' Adi ne use sunA, sudharmA zrAcArya ne apane uttarAdhikArI prAcArya ko vaha jJAna diyA aura kramazaH unake uttarAdhikArI prAcArya apane-apane uttarAdhikArI prAcAryoM ko vaha jJAna dete rhe| isa prakAra AcArya paramparA se vaha jJAna prAja taka calA A rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se jJAna prApta karane vAloM ke nAmollekha ke samaya prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama kA nAmollekha karane ke sthAna para sudharmA kA nAmollekha kiyA jAnA aura " prAcAryAvalikAgataM " - isa pada se pahale "jJAtaM sudharmAdibhi: "isa pada kA prayoga vastutaH pratyeka vicAraka ko yaha vizvAsa karane ke liye prerita karatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara prAcArya sudharmA svAmI hue, na ki indrabhUti gautama / uparokta zloka ke padavinyAsa se "lokavibhAga" ke racanAkAra kI yahI bhAvAbhivyakti spaSTa pratidhvanita hotI hai ki mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara

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prAcIna digambara mAnyatA] kevalikAla : indrabhUti gautama indrabhUti gautama nahIM, apitu sudharmA svAmI hue / uparokta zloka meM chanda kI dRSTi se gautamaH indrabhUti kA nAmollekha karane meM granthakAra ko kaThinAI AI hogI isaliye usake dvArA sudharmA kA nAma rakhA gayA- isa prakAra kI lacara dalIla de kara isa zloka ke artha ko yadi tor3a-maror3a kara anya rUpa se rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAya to nizcita rUpa se mUlagranthakAra aura saMskRta meM usakA anuvAda karane vAleina donoM hI granthakAroM ke prati anyAya hogaa| mUla "lokavibhAga" kI racanA muni sarvanandi ne pANDya rASTra ke pATalika grAma meM kI aura zaka saMvat 380, tadanusAra vikrama saM0 555 meM ise samApta kiyA' isa prakAra kA ullekha saMskRta "lokavibhAga" ke racayitA ne kiyA hai.| __isa prakAra ke prAcIna grantha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara ke sambandha meM parokSa rUpa se jo yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai yaha itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ke liye vicAraNIya hai| ' vizve sthite ravisute vRSabhe ca jIve, rAjottareSu sitapakSamupetya candre / prAme ca pATalikanAmani pANDyarASTra, zAstraM purA likhitavAnmuni sarvanandiH / / 2 / / saMvatsare tu dvAvize, kAMcIsiMhavarmaNaH / mazItyane zakAndAnAM, siddhametacchatatraye // 3 // [lokavibhAga]

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Arya sudharmA (bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTapara) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt vIra saMvat ke prArambhakAla meM arthAt zaka saMvat se 605 varSa pUrva kArtika zuklA 1 ke dina caturvidha saMgha ne prArya sudharmA ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyaa| - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya saMgha kI vyavasthA meM anuzAsana evaM saMgaThana Adi kI jo pramukha vizeSatAeM thIM, unheM bhagavAn ke nivAraNa pazcAt bhI pArya sudharmA ne bar3I hI kuzalatA ke sAtha yathAvat banAye rkhaa| prAcArya sudharmA ke prazAsana-kauzala, dUradarzitA aura tapasteja kA hI camatkAra hai ki unake uttaravartI kAla meM aneka bAra agaNita pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke upasthita hone para bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha itane sudIrgha kAla taka eka mahAna saMgha ke rUpa meM samIcIna rUpa se calatA rahA aura Aja taka vividha bAhya vibhinnatAoM ke hote hue bhI vaha apane mUlabhUta mahAn siddhAntoM ko amUlya thAtI ke rUpa meM surakSita rakha pAyA hai| dharma saMgha kI vaha patitapAvanI adhyAtma-saritA Aja bhI nirbAdha gati se nirantara calatI A rahI hai| ... lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa ke prati dIrgha pratIta kI lambI avadhi meM agaNita ApattiyoM, viSama paristhitiyoM, Arthika, sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM rAjanaitika krAntiyoM, viplavoM tathA dila dahalA dene vAle kaI dvAdazavarSIya duSkAloM ne prAcIna aura arvAcIna sabhI dharmasaMghoM ko burI taraha jhkjhoraa| una saMkaToM kI vikaTa ghar3iyoM meM bauddha dharma jaise aneka dharmasaMgha isa Arya dharA se vilupta ho gaye, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tyAga-tapa va saMgaThana kI sudRr3ha nIMva para khar3e kiye gaye isa nirgrantha saMgha kI prArya sudharmA ne prabhU mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita nIti kA pAlana karate hue aisI cirasthAyI aura dRr3ha vyavasthA kI ki bhISaNa se bhISaNa evaM pralayaMkara krAntiyAM bhI isa dharmasaMgha kI gaharI jar3oM ko nahIM hilA skiiN| phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ina pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha para bilakula hI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| lagAtAra prApattiyoM para ApattiyAM Ane ke kAraNa antatogatvA isa dharmasaMgha meM bhI aneka vikRtiyAM utpanna huI aura paryApta hAniyAM uThAnI par3I / prAcArya bhadrabAha ke samaya, prAcArya suhastI ke samaya evaM Aryavajra ke samaya meM par3e dIrghakAlIna duSkAloM ke vinAzakArI kuprabhAva ke kAraNa zramaNoM ke kevala smRtipaTala para aMkita rahane vAle zrutazAstra meM hI nahIM, apitu AcaraNa meM bhI mandatA aaii| isa maMdatA se dharmasaMgha kA sarvAMga

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48 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya suSarmA pUrNa saMvidhAna bhI zanaiH zanaiH vismRti ke garta meM vilIna ho kSINa hone lgaa| parantu sudharmA svAmI dvArA dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM grathita bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI se aneka mahApuruSoM ne acintya-aparimeya zakti kA saMcaya kara samaya-samaya para kriyodvAra kiyA aura prabhu mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha kI gaurava-garimA ko samujjvala evaM akSuNNa banAye rkhaa| prArya suSarmA ko viziSTatA sabhI gaNadharoM meM caturdaza pUrva ke jJAna kI samAnatA hone para bhI unakI apanI alaga-alaga viziSTatAeM thiiN| nirantara prabhU-sevA meM raha kara zAstrIya viSayoM kI gambhIra chAnabIna karanA indrabhUti kI viziSTatA thI, ataH unheM jisa prakAra prabhu dvArA zrutatIrtha kI anujJA pradAna kI gaI usI prakAra prArya sudharmA meM bhI koI viziSTatA honI cAhiye jisase trikAladarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne unheM gaNasaMcAlana kI anujJA dii| hajAroM sAdhunoM ke gaNoM kA vyavasthitarUpeNa saMcAlana evaM paripAlana karanA aura prabhu ke nirvANa pazcAt saMpUrNa saMgha ko saMgaThita evaM suzAsita rakhanA koI sAdhAraNa yogyatA kI bAta nahIM thii| prArya sudharmA meM saMgha ko sudRr3ha, susaMgaThita, suzAsita aura sazakta banAye rakhane kI apUrva kSamatA thii| saMbhava hai unakI isI viziSTa yogyatA ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saba gaNadharoM ko apane-apane gaNa samhalAte samaya Arya sudharmA ke sabala kandhoM para pravaziSTa sAdhu-samudAya ke gaNa-saMcAlana kA gurutara bhAra rkhaa| Avazyaka cUrNikAra ne uparyukta prasaMga kA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM varNana kiyA hai : ........pacchA sAmI jassa jattipro gaNo tassa tattiyaM aNujApati, pAtIe suhammaM kareti, tassa mahallaM AuyaM, etto titthaM hohititti / ........ajja suhammassa nisiraMtigaNaM / / [Avazyaka cUriNa, pUrvabhAga, pR0 337] .......tAhe goyamasAmIppamuhA ekkArasavi gaNaharA tIsI proNatA parivADIe ThAyaMti,.......puvvaM titthaM goyamasAmissa davvehiM pajjavehi araNujANA mitti........gaNaM ca suhamma sAmissa dhure ThAvettA NaM aNujANati / " [vahI, pR. 360] janma sthAnAdi Arya sudharmA kA janma IsA se 607 varSa pUrva videha pradeza ke kollAga nAmaka grAma meM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra meM hmaa| yaha eka adbhuta saMyoga kI bAta hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI taraha Arya sudharmA kA janma-nakSatra bhI uttarAphAlgunI aura janmarAzi kanyArAzi thii| jisa prakAra puNya athavA pApa-prakRtiyoM kA bandha prANI dvArA kiye gaye puNya athavA. pApapUrNa kAryoM meM usake apane pauruSa ke tAratamya ke anusAra nyanAdhika hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra una puNya yA pApamayI prakRtiyoM ke udaya ke samaya prANI ko pUrva meM kiye gaye apane kAryoM kA zubhAzubha

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46 janma sthAnAdi] kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA phala bhI.tadanukUla bhoganA par3atA hai| janma-nakSatra evaM janmarAziyAM una puNya tathA pApabandhoM ke bhAvI udayakAla kI pUrvasUcanA ke mAdhyama mAne jA sakate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmarAzi aura janma-nakSaya se jisa prakAra yaha pUrvAbhAsa hotA hai ki prabhu mahAvIra kA zAsana 21 hajAra varSa taka calatA rahegA, ThIka usI prakAra Arya sudharmA ke janma-kAla meM usI rAzi aura usI nakSatra kA honA bhI yaha pUrva sUcanA detA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara dvArA prathita mAgama paramparA, unake dvArA kI huI saMgha-vyavasthA aura unakI ziSya-paramparA bhI 21 hajAra varSa taka binA kisI vyavadhAna ke nirantara calatI rhegii| prAcIna kAla meM bhAratavarSa kA vaha bhU-bhAga - jisako pUrva meM kozikI nadI, pazcima meM gaMDakI nadI, uttara meM himAlaya aura dakSiNa meM gaMgAnadI ghere hue thI-videha ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| jisa kollAga sagniveza meM prArya sudharmA kA janma huA vaha licchavI gaNarAjya kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ke Asa-pAsa hI basA huaA thaa| purAtattvavettAnoM dvArA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki prAjakala jo kollumA grAma pravasthita hai, vahIM usa samaya saMbhavataH kollAga grAma basA humA hogaa|' mAtA-pitA Arya sudharmA ke pitA kA nAma ghammilla aura mAtA kA nAma bhaddilA thaa| agnivaizyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa prArya dhammilla veda-vedAMga ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn the| anumAna se yaha kahanA bhI adhika saMgata pratIta hotA hai ki apane samaya meM gurukula praNAlI ke prAcAryoM meM unakI gaNanA kI jAtI ho| kollAga maniveza meM eka hI samaya meM Arya vyakta aura prArya sudharmA jaise do vidvAnoM ke sAnnidhya meM pAMca-pAMca sau chAtroM kA aharniza sevA meM rahate hue vidyAdhyayana karanA isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki una dinoM vaizAlI aura usake Asa-pAsa kA kSetra zikSA kA bahuta bar3A kendra banA huA thA evaM Arya vyakta tathA prArya sudharmA ko apane-apane pitA se gurukUla paddhati ke prAcArya-pada kI prApti huI thii| vaizAlI aura nAlandA jaise vizAla evaM samutrata zikSA kendroM ke kAraNa hI atIta meM Arya-dharA kI gauravagAthAoM ke garimApUrNa svara nimnalikhita rUpa meM vizva ke vistIrNa gagana meM gaMja rahe the evaM prAja bhI una svaroM kI gUMja miTI nahIM hai : etaddezaprasUtasya, sakAzAdagrajanmanaH / svaM svaM caritraM zikSeran, pRthivyAM sarvamAnavAH / / zikSaNa vidyAnurAgI samAja aura vidvadvaMza-paramparA ke saMskAroM meM pale-puse sudharmA ne apane vidyArthI jIvana meM Rk, sAma, yajuH aura atharva ina cAra vedoM, zikSA, Suburb Kollaga (HEIT Afragt)--Pet haps Modern Kollua. (The Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society, 1902 P. 283 2 manusmRti, a0 2, zlo0 20

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga - zikSaNa kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda aura jyotiSa ina chaH vedAMgoM tathA mImAMsA, nyAya, dharmazAstra evaM purANa isa kAra kula milA. kara caudaha vidAmoM kA samyakarUpeNa adhyayana kiyaa| tatkAlIna zikSA praNAlI ke anusAra pAragAmI vidvAn banane ke pazcAt prArya sudharmA ne adhyApana kA kArya prArambha kiyaa| unake pAsa 500 chAtroM ke niyamita adhyayana se yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki unakI gaNanA usa samaya ke bahuta uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM meM kI jAtI rahI hogii| usa samaya kI zikSA praNAlI ke talasparzI vizleSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna janamAnasa meM jJAna-pipAsA aura zikSA ke prati abhiruci paryApta mAtrA meM vidyamAna thI, para vastutaH logoM kA zAstrIya pANDitya kI bhora jitanA madhika jhukAva thA utanA adhyAtma-cintana kI aora nahIM thaa| satkAlIna pArmika sthiti : aisA pratIta hotA hai ki una dinoM katipaya aMzoM meM brAhmaNa kriyAkANDoM pora yA-yAgAdi kA dhArmika evaM sAmAjika kSetra meM bar3A mahatva mAnA jAtA thA mora yajJAnuSThAna ko hI sabase bar3A dharma samajhA jAne lagA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki usa samaya yatra-taMtra, yadA-kadA bar3e-bar3e AyojanoM ke sAtha samArohapUrvaka yajJa kiye jAte the| una yajJoM meM yajamAnoM dvArA yajJAnuSThAna karAne vAle vidvAnoM aura bAhmaNoM ko nimantrita kara bar3I-bar3I dakSiNAeM dI jAtI thiiN| veda-vedAMgoM ke prakANDa paNDita mArya sudharmA ko usa samaya kiye jAne vAle anuSThAnoM meM bulAyA jAtA rahA hogaa| isa prakAra kA vizvAsa karane ke liye unakA somila dvArA banaSThita yajJa meM sammilita honA paryApta pramANa hai| 500 vidyArthI sadA bhArya muSarmA kI sevA meM raha kara unase vidyAdhyayana karate the, yaha tathya isa bAta kA botaka hai ki prArya sudharmA prakANDa paNDita hone ke sAtha-sAtha paryAptarUpeNa sAdhanasampanna evaM samRddha bhI the| dIkSA se pUrva kA jIvana zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hone se pUrva ke kisI bhI gaNadhara ke jIvana kA pUrNa vivaraNa jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kevala aAvazyaka niyukti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyArahoM gaNadharoM ke nAma, grAma, gotra, janma-nakSatra, jAti, mAtA-pitA ke nAma, zaikSaNika yogyatA, ziSya-parivAra, tAttvika zaMkA aura dIkSA ke samaya unakI Ayu Adi kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isase adhika, dIkSa se pUrva kA gaNadharoM ke gahastha-jIvana kA koI vivaraNa prAja jaina athavA jainetara granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yadi isa dizA meM prayAsa kiye jAyaM to andhere meM chipe aneka aitihAsika mahatva ke tathya prakAza meM lAye jA sakate haiN| __indrabhUti gautama ke jIvana-paricaya meM apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi rayadhU dvArA racita "mahAvIracarita" ke AdhAra para jisa prakAra kucha naye tathya vidvAnoM ke mamakSa prastuta kiye gaye haiM usI prakAra prAyaM sudharmA ke gRhastha jIvana ke sambandha meM

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dIkSA se pUrva kA jIvana ] kevalikAla : zrAyaM suSamA 51 bhI khoja karane para kucha prapuSTa vivaraNa prakAza meM prAye haiN| zodhArthiyoM kI suvidhA aura vidvAnoM ke vicAra hetu unheM yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| purAtatvavettA muni jinavijayajI ne "jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka", ru. 1, aMka 3 ke pariziSTa meM 'vIra vaMzAvali athavA tapAgaccha vRddha paTTAvali' prakAzita kI hai| usake pRSTha 1-2 meM zrArya sudharmA ke zramaraNajIvana se pUrva kA vivaraNa dete hue likhA gayA hai : : "1. sudharmA svAmI pachI zrI vIra pATe pAMcavAM gaNadhara zrI sudharmA svAmI pahale pATe thayA / tathA hi kollAga sanniveze dhammilla nAmA vipra tehanI strI bhaddilA nAme / te haridrAyaNa gotra thI upanI / tehano putra / uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM janma humro sudharmA nAma dIdhu / anutra meM yauvanAvasthA meM vakSasa (vatsa ) gotra thakI upanI eka kanyA paragAvI / tehasuM sAMsArika sukha bhogavatAM eka putrI huii| te sudharmA cAra veda-vedAMga no pAThI che / tehUne pAse pAMca saye vidyArthI bAr3avasuta vidyAbhyAsa ( 2 - 1 ) kare che / piraNa te sudharmA nA jisane viSe eka mahA saMdeha che / te kisyo ? je jehavo te tehavo / te saMdeha zrI vIravacane niHsaMdeha huna / tivAre pAMca saya chAtra yukta varSa 50 gRhastha pazuM bhogavI saMsaya chedaka zrI vIra haste dIkSA lIdhI / " *isa prakAra uparyukta tapAgaccha vRddha paTTAvali meM diye gaye sudharmA svAmI ke gRhastha- jIvana saMbaMdhI vRtta meM nimnalikhita jo tIna bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha anyatra kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA : 1. prAyaM sudharmA kI mAtA kA haridrAyaraNa gotra honA / 2. yauvanAvasthA meM prArya sudharmA kA vakSasa ( vatsya) gotra kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha honA / aura 3. sudharmA kI vatsya gotrIyA patnI se eka putrI kA janma honA / uparyukta vivaraNa ke atirikta lIMbar3I saMghavI upAzraya ke pUjya zrI mohana lAlajI svAmI ke ziSya svargIya muni zrI maNilAlajI mahArAja dvArA likhita " zrI jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa ane prabhu vIra paTTAvalI" nAmaka grantha meM prArya sudharmA kA pravrajita hone se pUrva kA jo jIvana-paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM ullikhita Upara dI huI tIna bAtoM meM se pahalI ko chor3a kara zeSa do ke ullekha ke sAtha do aura naye tathya diye gaye haiM / muni maNilAlajI ne likhA hai ki prArya sudharmA ne vatsa gotrIyA kanyA ke sAtha vivAha karane aura usase eka kanyA kA janma hone ke pazcAt saMsAra se virakta ho saMnyAsa graharaNa kiyA aura unheM kAlAntara meM zaMkarAcArya kI sammAnanIya upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA thA /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dImA se pUrva kA jIvana svargIya muni maNilAlajI dvArA prArya sudharmA ke jIvana-paricaya ke sambandha meM diyA gayA vaha vivaraNa yahAM yathAvat diyA jA rahA hai : ___ "prabhu vIra paTTAvalI bhagavAn mahAvIra nI pahelI pATa para zrI sudharma svAmI viraajyaa| temano janma "kollAga sanniveza" nAmaka sthala mAM 'dhammila' nAmanA vipra ne tyAM thayo hto| bAlyAvasthA thIja dharma pratye temanI prayAga ruci hovA thI temana nAma "sudharma" tarIke janatA meM prasiddha thayaM / yovana vaya prApta thaI tyAre potAnI anicchA chatAM temane mAtA-pitAe "vAtsya gotra" mAM utpanna thayelI evI eka kanyA sAthe temana pANigrahaNa karAvyaM / udAsIna bhAve saMsAra mAM rahetAM temane eka putrI thaI htii| satata jJAnAbhyAsa mAM rahetAM tetro cAra veda, zruti, smRti vagere ar3hAra purANa mAM sampUrNa pAraMgata thyaa| dina pratidina saMsAra para temanI aruci baghatI gaI, prane samaya paripakva thatAM sarva nI anumati laI temaNe sanyAsapaNuM aMgIkAra kayu ane chevaTe zaMkarAcArya nI padavI prApta karI, potAnA ziSya parivAra sAye pharatA-pharatA jyAre teso "jaMbhikA" nAmanI nagarI mAM prAvyA, tyAre temane prabhu mahAvIra no samAgama thayo / jyAM temane zaMkAmona samAdhAna yayu 'prane prabhu vIra pAse temaNe bhAgavatI dIkSA aMgIkAra krii|" mArya sudharmA ke sambandha meM uparyukta vivaraNa dete hue sva0 muni maNilAlajI ne jo navIna tathya rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, una tathyoM ko rakhate samaya unake samakSa kyA prAdhAra thA ise jAnane ke liye hamArI bhora se pUrA prayAsa kiyA gayA, para abhI taka vRddha paTTAvalI ke uparilikhita prAlekha ke atirikta aura koI likhita pramANa upalabdha nahIM harA hai, jisake mAdhAra para prArya sudharmA ke jIvana ke sambandha meM jo navIna bAteM muni zrI maNilAlajI ne rakhI haiM unheM pUrNa prAmANika mAnA jA ske| - isa sambandha meM vidvAnoM dvArA aprakAzita pustakoM kI khoja kI jAya to jaina aura vaidika donoM hI paramparAmoM ke itihAsa meM kucha navIna upalabdhiyAM ho sakatI haiN| prAzA hai isa sambandha meM itihAsa ke vidvAna tathya ko khojane kA prayAsa kreNge| prArya sudharmA ke gRhastha-jIvana ke sambandha meM jo prAmANika vivara upalabdha hotA hai, usase yaha to vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki vidvattA sAtha-sAtha ve prArthika dRSTi se bhI paryAptarUpeNa sampanna the| yajJAnuSThAnAdi se unheM vipula artha kI upalabdhi hotI rahI hogI tabhI unakI sevA meM 500 chAtra sadA vidyamAna rahate the| 'zrI jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa ane prabhu vIra paTTAvali, (paMca bhAI nI poLa, mhmdaabaad)| - -

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dIkSA se pUrva kA jIvana) kevalikola : prArya sudharmA __somila brAhmaNa dvArA madhyama pAvA meM yajJAnuSThAna ke liye mAmantrita mArya sudharmA anya 10 vidvAnoM ke sAtha jisa samaya yajJAnuSThAna kara rahe the, usI samaya madhyama. pAvA nagarI ke prAnandodyAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa humaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, indrabhUti tathA agnibhUti gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra ko zAstrArtha meM jItane kI abhilASA liye aura vAyubhUti tathA prArya vyakta apanI-apanI zaMkAoM ke samAdhAnArtha prabhu ke samavasaraNa meM apane ziSya-samUha ke sAtha kramazaH gaye aura bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA apanI gUr3ha zaMkAmoM kA samucita samAdhAna pA kara unake caraNoM meM dIkSita ho gye| prArya sudharmA ne jaba yaha sunA ki indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti aura mArya vyakta jaise uccakoTi ke vidvAn apane-apane mana kI zaMkAnoM kA samAdhAna pA kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye haiM, to unake mana meM bhI utkaTa abhilASA utpanna huI ki kyoM na ve bhI nara, narendra, devendrAdi dvArA pUjita sarvajJa prabhu mahAvIra se apane mana meM cirakAla se saMcita nigUr3ha zaMkA kA samAdhAna kara leN| ve tatkAla apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha prabhU ke samavasaraNa meM pahuMce / ' unhoMne zraddhAvanata ho prabhu ke caraNoM meM namana kiyaa| sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nAma - gotroccAraNapUrvaka prArya sudharmA ko sambodhita karate hue dhanarava-gambhIra svara meM kahA - "prArtha sudharman ! tumhAre mana meM yaha zaMkA hai ki pratyeka jIva vartamAna bhava meM manuSya, tithaMca Adi jisa gati meM hai, vaha marane ke pazcAt bhAvI bhavoM meM bhI kyA usI gati meM usI prakAra ke zarIra meM utpanna hogA? apanI isa zaMkA kI puSTi meM tuma mana hI mana yaha yukti dete ho ki jisa prakAra eka kheta meM jo boye jAyaM to jau aura gehUM boye jAyaM to geMhUM paidA hoNge| yaha saMbhava nahIM ki jo bone para gehUM utpanna ho jAyaM prathavA gehaM bone para jo utpanna ho jaayN| saumya sudharman ! tumhArI yaha zaMkA vastutaH samucita nahIM hai| kyoMki pratyeka prANI trikaraNa evaM triyoga se jisa prakAra kI acchI athavA burI kriyAeM karatA hai, unhIM kAryoM ke anusAra use bhAvI bhavoM meM acchI athavA burI gati, zarIra, sukha-duHkha, saMpatti:vipatti, saMyogaviyogAdi kI prApti hotI rahatI hai aura kRtakarmajanya yaha krama ajasrarUpeNa taba taka calatA rahatA hai jaba taka ki vaha AtmA apane-acche-bure- sabhI prakAra ke samasta karmoM kA samUla nAza kara zuddha-buddha-mukta nahIM ho jaataa| eka manuSya apane vairAgya, sadAcAra, Arjava, mArdava Adi guNoM se manuSyamAyu kA bandha kara agale janma meM punaH mAnava-bhava prApta kara sakatA hai / yadi usa manuSya meM tyAga-tapa-dayA mAdi sadguNoM kA bAhulya ho to vaha devAyu kA bandha kara, marane para deva rUpa se utpanna ho sakatA hai / parantu vahI manuSya, yadi usameM te pampaie soGa, suhammo mAganyA jiNasagAsaM / baccAmi vaM vaMdAmi, vaMdittA pANuvAsAmi // 614 / / [bhAva ni01]

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____ jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [parIkSA se pUrva kA jIvana uparyukta sadguNoM kA prabhAva evaM hiMsA, asatya-bhASaNa, caurya, durAcaraNa, krodha, mAna, mada, moha, mAtsarya aura lobhAdi durguNoMkA prAcurya ho to vaha mara kara kami-kITa-pataMga evaM nArakIya athavA nigoda ke rUpa meM bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai| ___ eka prANI jisa yoni meM hai, vaha yadi usI yoni meM utpaH karAne vAle karmo kA bandha kare to punaH usa yoni meM bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, para ekAntataH yaha mAnanA satya nahIM hai ki jo prAraNI vartamAna meM jisa yoni meM hai, vaha sadA-sarvadA ke liye niraMtara usI yoni meM utpanna hotA rahe / " pratiboSa aura dIkSA-paharaNa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirdoSa evaM pramogha vANI ko suna kara prArya sudharmA ke mana meM prabhu ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA utpanna huii| unake samasta saMzaya chinnabhinna ho gaye, unake hRdaya kI sabhI graMthiyAM svataH hI khula giiN| trailokyaikanAtha prabhu mahAvIra ke darzana aura kRpAprasAda ke phalasvarUpa prArya sudharmA para upaniSadkAra kI nimnalikhita ukti pUrNarUpeNa ghaTita ho gaI : bhidyate hRdayagraMthizchidyate sarvasaMzayAH / " jJAnI sadaguru kI saMgati hRdaya kI mohajanya gAMTha kA bhedana kara sakala saMzayoM kA aMdana karatI hai / jagadguru prabhu mahAvIra kI kRpA se prArya sudharmA ke antarmana meM udbhUta mAnAloka jagamagA uThA aura unheM anirvacanIya prAnanda kI upalabdhi huii| unhoMne bhAvavibhora ho :prabhu ke caraNoM para apanA sira rakhate hue gadgad svara meM kahA- "prabho! Apane mere antastala meM vyApta prajJAnAndhakAra ko dUra kara divya prAloka se mere hRdaya ko prakAzamAna kara diyA hai| meM prApakI vItarAga vANI meM pUrNa zraddhA aura AsthA rakhatA huuN| mai ApakI nirdoSa vANI meM pUrNa prIti karatA hai| karuNAdhana ! mApane mujhe sahI dizA aura mere carama lakSya kA bodha karA diyA hai| maiM apane carama lakSya kI prApti ke liye Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM zramaraNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara AjIbana aApakI sevA karanA cAhatA hai|" isa prakAra prArya sudharmA kI bharala, nirlepa, mumukSu evaM satyopAsaka vRtti kA paricaya milatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se satya kA parijJAna hote hI unhoMne apanI ciraparipAlita paramparA, bar3e parizrama se ajita pratiSThA, ziSyoM aura anuyAyiyoM ke moha Adi kA parityAga kara diyA aura ve tatkAla zramaraNadIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye tatpara ho gye| ___isase yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki prArya sudharmA ke hRdaya meM satya ko jAnane kI prabala jijJAsA aura satya ko prAtmasAt karane kI anupama tatparatA thii| unakI buddhi satya ko grahaNa karane hetu sadA unmukta-dvAra evaM tatpara rahatI thii| unnati ke patha para agrasara hone se rokane vAlI sabhI durbalatAmoM, vicAroM evaM vAdhAoM ko jhaTaka kara unhoMne apane mana se dUra pheMka diyaa|

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pratiyoSa paura dIkSA grahaNa kevamikAma : pAyaM sudharmA svayaM dvArA cirapoSita, ciraparipAlita paraMparA kI anupAdeyatA pora prayacAtA kA jyoM hI unheM bodha hotA hai ve tatkAla usakA sadA ke liye usI prakAra parityAga kara dete haiM jisa prakAra ki sAMpa prapanI keMcula kaa| "tAtasya kUpo'yamiti bruvANAH, kSAraM jalaM kApuruSA pivanti" isa ukti ke anusAra kadAgrahI kAyara vyakti hI apanI rUr3ha mAnyatA ko sadoSa samajha kara bhI usase cipaTe rahate haiN| satyopAsaka evaM tasvadarzI puruSoM kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki ve satya kA darzana hote hI tatkAla nirmIkatA ke sAtha asatya kA parityAga kara satya ko prAtmasAt kara lete haiN| Arya sudharmA pUrvAgrahoM se pare, satya ke paramopAsaka aura prabuddhacetA vidvAn the| unhoMne prabhu dvArA apanI prArthanA ke svIkRta hote hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke karakamaloM se zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| prArya suSarmA ke sAtha unake 500 ziSyoM ne bhI satya mArga ko pahicAnA aura apane zikSA-guru ke padacinhoM para calate e zramaNadharma svIkAra kara prabhucaraNoM meM apanA jIvana samarpita kara diyaa| bImA ke pazcAta mArya sudharmA jisa samaya prArya sudharmA ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kI, usa samaya unakI Ayu 50 varSa thii| ve vaMya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se lagabhaga 8 varSa bar3e the / veda-vedAMgAdi ke dhuraMdhara vidvAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha ve pUrNa anAgrahI bhI the| unakI buddhi paryAptarUpeNaM paripakva ho cukI thI para ve bar3e jijJAsu vRttike vidvAn the| mahAn atizayoM se yukta sarvajJa-sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko gururUpa meM pA kara unakI jijJAsu-vRtti bar3e vega ke sAtha jAgRta ho utthii| - gautama prabhRti anya gaNadharoM ke sAtha-sAtha prArya sudharmA ne bhI ekAgra citta ho jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra se tripadI kA jJAna sunA to ve athAha jJAna ke bhaNDAra bana gaye / sabhI gaNadharoM ne prabhu ke mukha se sune upadeza ke AdhAra para sarvaprathama caturdaza pUrvo kI racanA kI aura tadanantara ekAdazAMgI kA prathana kiyaa| caturdaza pUrva jo pahale saMskRta bhASA meM the, ve kAla-prabhAva se vicchinna ho gaye haiN| bhAja jo prAcArAMgAdi ekAdazAMga upalabdha hote haiM, ve Arya sudharmA kI vAcanA ke hI mAne jAte haiN|' ___ jaisA ki pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, sarvajJa prabhu mahAvIra ne gyArahoM gaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI racanA ke pazcAt mArya sudharmA ko apane paMcama 'yaditi zrutamasmAbhiH, pUrveSAM sampradAyataH / caturdazApi pUrvANi, saMskRtAni purAbhavan / / 113 / / prajAtizaya sAdhyAni, tAnyucchinnAni kAlataH / pradhunakAdazAMgyasti, sudharmasvAmibhASitA / / 114 / / [prabhAvaka paritra, 8, svAdisUrivaritra, pR0 58]

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jaina dharma kA mausika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dIkSA ke pa0 mArya . gaNadhara ke pada para niyukta karate samaya unheM dIrghajIvI aura paMcama pAraka ke anta taka anavachinna ziSya-santati vAlA samajha kara gaNanAyaka ghoSita kiyaa| mArya sudharmA ne tIsa varSa taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sevA meM raha kara apane gaeM ke zramaNoM ko dvAdazAMgI kA adhyApana karAne ke sAtha-sAtha prabhu vIra ke samasta zramaraNa-saMgha kI samIcIna rUpa se vyavasthA aura abhivRddhi kii| ve caturdaza pUrvadharadvAdazAMgo ke sUtra, artha aura vivecana prAdi ke jJAtA evaM vyAkhyAtA hI nahIM apitu racayitA bhI the| bhavya-virATa vyaktitva prArya sUdharmA brAhmaNa-paramparA ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn evaM prAcArya to ye hI para zramaNa-paramparA meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt unakI pratiSThA vizvamAnya ho calI thii| ve narendra-surendroM ke bhI pUjanIya maura samasta vizva ke vandanIya bana gaye the| prArya sudharmA ke zarIra kI UMcAI sAta hAtha thii| AkAra-prakAra se samacaturasra saMsthAna' aura vajaRSabhanArAca saMhanana' se sugaThita unakI deha pratyanta baliSTha, sundara, saumya aura prAkarSaka thii| tapAye hue sone ke samAna unakA tejomaya lAlimA liye sundara evaM sugaura varNa darzaka ke mana ko haThAt vimugdha kara detA thaa| ve atula bala, pradamya utsAha, aTala rya, pravAha mAmbhIrya paura prakSobhya kSamA evaM zAnti ke sApara the| ____ Arya sudharmA kA bahiraMga vyaktitva jitanA pAkarSaka, sammohaka aura sundara thA usase kaI gunA adhika pAkarSaka, sammohaka aura sundara unakA prAbhyaMtara vyaktitva thaa| ve kSamA, dayA, prArjava, mArdava prAdi guNoM ke prAgAra tathA vinaya, tyAga aura tapa kI pratimUrti the| unhoMne tana, mana aura indriyoM kA nigraha kara kAma, krodha, moha, ahaMkAra, nidrA evaM parISahoM para vijaya prApta kara lI thii| ve svasamaya tathA parasamaya ke pUrNa jJAtA, jIva praNIva prAdi samasta tattvoM ke vizeSajJa, ugra tapasvI, ghora tapasvI, dhora brahmacArI, anAsakta, vimala jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra ke dhanI, projasvI, tejasvI, varcasvI mora yazasvI the| unakI sAdhanA usa caramotkRSTa koTi taka pahuMca cukI thI jisameM jIvana kI kAmanA aura mRtyu se bhaya kA lavalezamAtra bhI avaziSTa nahIM rhtaa| 'NAyAdhammakahAno' ke adhyayana prathama, sUtra do meM prArya sudharmA ko 'Arya', 'sthavira' Adi jina sammAnasUcaka vizeSaNoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai, unase prArya sudharmA ke pratibhAzAlI virATa vyaktitva kA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH prArya sudharmA kA virATa bahiraMga vyaktitva samasta zramaNa ' zarIra lakSaNokta pramANAvisaMvAdinyazcatamro yasya satsamacaturanam / , [bhagavatI (TIkA) 1 // va praznotthAna pR0 34] 2 bhagavatI, zataka 1 praznotthAna pR0 34"

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bhavya- virATa vyaktitva] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 57 paramparA kA prAkarSaraNa kendra aura unakA udAtta prAdhyAtmikatA se protaH prota prAbhyaMtara vyaktitva hamArI sampUrNa zramaNa saMskRti kA puMjIbhUta tejomaya svarUpa sA pratIta hotA hai / vayasthakAlIna sAdhanA prArya sudharmA veda-vedAMgAdi caturdaza vidyAnoM ke kuzala jJAtA the / sakala zAstra ke pAragAmI vidvAn hone para bhI unheM kaThora parizrama se arjita apanI vizAla jJAnarAzi meM eka prakAra kI nyUnatA, apUrNatA evaM riktatA kA anubhava hotA thA / jJAna kI yaha riktatA unake antarmana meM aharniza eka zalya kI taraha laTakatI rahatI thii| ve satya kI gaveSaraNA meM satata prayatnazIla the / jaba unheM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama darzana hue to ve unakI saumya mukhamudrA ke darzana praura unakI bItarAgatApUrNa bAraNI ke zravaraNa se pUrNarUpeNa prabhAvita hue / prabhudarzana se unake mAnasa meM prAzA kI kiraNa prasphuTita huI aura unheM yaha anubhava humA ki unakI vaha riktatA prapUrNatA vizva kI mahAna vibhUti - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA avazya hI bhara dI jAyagI - pUrNa kara dI jAyagI / sarvaza-sarvadarzI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se apane antarmana kI nigUDhatama zaMkA ko suna kara to ve prAzcarya se abhibhUta ho gaye aura unakI vaha zrAzA tatkSaraNa prAsthA ke rUpa meM pariraNata ho gaI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tarkasaMgata evaM yuktipUrNa pramogha vANI se apane sandeha kA sampUrNa rUpa se samAdhAna hote hI dhArya sudharmA ne parama santoSa kA anubhava karate hue zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kara apane prApako prabhu kI caraNa-zaraNa meM samarpita kara diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye 'tripadI' ke jJAna se prArya sudharmA ne prapane antara meM bhare prakSayya jJAna bhaNDAra ke banda kapAToM kI mAno kuMjI hI prApta kara lI / abhyantara ke kapATa khulate hI unake manomaMdira meM anantakAla se prAdhipatya jamAyA huA nibir3atama prajJAnAndhakAra kSaNa bhara meM tirohita ho gayA aura usake sthAna para anirvacanIya, zubhra, divya prakAza jagamagA uThA / prAyaM sudharmA ne prabhu ke prathamopadeza se sAmAyika cAritra ke mahatva ko prAtmasAt kara prapane lokajanIna prakANDa pANDitya ke pravAha ko thothe karmakANDa kI prora se mor3a kara sampUrNa sAvadya - tyAgarUpa sAmAyika cAritra kI dizA meM jor3a diyA / pUrNa jJAnI trilokaguru bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadezoM se unhoMne prapane jJAna kI uttarottara abhivRddhi ke sAtha-sAtha zramaraNasaMgha kI suvyavasthA, unnati evaM abhivRddhi karate hue bhArya jambU aura prabhava jaise sahasroM bhavyoM ko zramaraNadharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| zAsana sevA kI taraha prApa kaThora aura dIpta tapa kI sAdhanA meM bhI pIche nahIM rahe / upazama bhAvapUrvaka ghora tapasyA ke prabhAva se unheM aneka prakAra kI prAzcaryakArI labdhiyAM bhI zaktirUpa se prApta ho gaI / parantu prApane sadA zAnta, dAnta evaM gambhIra bhAva se una siddhiyoM ko apane abhyantara meM hI dabAye rakhA /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [SapasthakAlIna sAdhanA . Arya sudharmA matijJAna, zrutijJAna, avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna - ina cAra jJAna ke dhAraka the| prAgama aura prAgametara sAhitya meM jisa prakAra inake kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi kA samaya milatA hai usa prakAra inheM cAra jJAna kaba hue, isakA kahIM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| phira bhI itanA to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki Arya sudharmA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM hI cAra jJAna ke dhAraka ho cuke the aura varSoM cAra jJAna ke dhArI rahe / sudharmA ke garaNa aura sAdhu agnibhUti Adi 6 gaNadhara Arya sudharmA ko dIrghajIvI samajha kara unheM apanA-apanA gaNa samhalA kara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM hI sira-paramukta ho gaye, ataH kramaza: unake nirvANa se eka-eka mAsa pUrva unake gaNoM kA bhI Arya sudharmA ke garaNa meM vilaya ho gayA aura una 6 gaNadharoM ke gaNoM ke sabhI zramaNa Arya sudharmA ke antevAsI kahalAne lge|' 6 gaNaSaroM kA nirvANakAla aura sudharmA ke sASu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se pUrva jina 6 gaNadharoM kA nirvANa humA evaM jinake gaNa prArya sudharmA ke gaNa meM vilIna hue unake nAma va nirvANakAla nimna prakAra se haiM :garaNadhara-nAma nirvANa-kAla dvitIya gaNadhara agnibhUti vIra-nirvANa se 2 varSa pUrva tRtIya gaNadhara vAyubhUti vIra-nirvANa se 2 varSa pUrva caturtha garagadhara Arya vyakta vIra-nirvANa se kucha samaya pUrva chaThe gaNadhara Arya maNDita vIra-nirvANa se kucha samaya pUrva sAtaveM gaNadhara prAyaM mauryaputra bIra-nirvANa se kucha samaya pUrva pAThaveM gaNadhara pArya akampita vIra-nirvANa se kucha samaya pUrva navameM gaNadhara acalabhrAtA vIra-nirvANa se 4 varSa pUrva dazaveM gaNadhara metArya vIra-nirvANa se 4 varSa pUrva. gyArahaveM gaNadhara Arya prabhAsa vIra-nirvANa se 6 varSa pUrva ye hI gaNadhara eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se rAjagRha meM siddha-buddha-mukta ho gye| isake pariNAmasvarUpa Arya sudharyA ke ziSya-zramaNoM kI saMkhyA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM hI 3600 taka pahuMca gii| gyAraha gaNadharoM ke zramaNoM kI kula saMkhyA 4400 Agama evaM prAgametara sAhitya meM batAI gaI hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM kula sAdhu 14,000 the| unameM se indrabhUti ke 500 zramaNoM ko chor3a kara zeSa sAdhu-samudAya ' pariNivyA gaNaharA jIvaMte NAyae raNava jaNAu / 658 [pAvazyaka niyukti, bhA0 1]

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56 6 maNa* kA ni* kAla...] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA prArya sudharmA ke hI netRtva meM A jAtA hai| kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sudharmA ko gaNadhara niyukta karate samaya garaNa kI anujJA pradAna kara dI thii| usakI sArthakatA sugharmA ke 500 ziSyoM ke atirikta anya sAdhu-samudAya ke milAne para hI ho sakatI hai| ataH aura gaNadharoM ke gaNoM ke atirikta zeSa zramaNoM ko sudharmA ke garaNa meM hI samajhanA caahiye| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt mArya sudharmA gaNadhara ke sthAna para saMghAdhinAyaka prAcArya kahalAye kyoMki ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paTTadhara ho cuke the / kyA suSarmA ke prAdhIna anya prAcArya bhI the ? prazna upasthita hotA hai ki hajAroM zramaNoM ke usa ativizAla samudAya kI zikSA-dIkSA aura dainikacaryA kI samucita vyavasthA kA saMcAlana tapa-svAdhyAyanirata aura zAstra kI vAcanA dene vAle Arya sudharmA svayaM hI karate the athavA saMgha-saMcAlana meM unake sahAyaka koI anya prAcArya Adi bhI the| zAstrIya prakaraNoM kA dhyAnapUrvaka adhyayana evaM avalokana karane para pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM jisa prakAra gaNadhara aura sthavira mAdi zramaNasaMgha kI vyavasthA kA kArya karate the, usI prakAra Arya sudharmA ke kAla meM bhI prAcArya, sthavira mAdi saMgha kI vyavasthA meM prArya sudharmA kA hAtha baTAte the| zAstra meM sthAna-sthAna para ullekha pAtA hai : "rANaM aMtie sAbhAiyamAipAI ekkArasa aMgAIM ahijjai-bahijjittA" maadi| niyukti, riNa prAdi prAcIna granthoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI alaga-alaga prAcAryoM ke netRtva meM sAdhunoM kA madhyayana-adhyApana evaM vicaraNa hotA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM 300 caturdaza pUrvadhara aura 400 vAdI the, to unake sAtha rahane vAle sAdhuSoM ke adhyayana prAdi kI vyavasthA unake dvArA avazya kI jAtI hogii| Avazyaka riNa Adi granthoM se hamAre isa anumAna kI pUrNa puSTi hotI hai jaisAki niyukti meM kahA hai - "rAjagRhI ke guNazIla udyAna meM caturdaza pUrvI prAcArya vasu ke ziSya tiSyagupta se 'jIvapradeza' dRSTi utpanna hii| mAmalakalpA ke mitrazrI ne usako pratibodha dekara smjhaayaa|"isse yaha siddha . (ka) "jIvapaesA ya tIsaguttAyo / " [prAva0 niyukti gAthA] rAyagihe guNasilae vasubohasapuvi tiisguttaamo| prAmalakappA gayarI, mitasiri karapiMDAI // 128 / / [mUlabhASya] (sa) "vittiyo sAmiNA solasavAsAI uppADitassa gANassa to uppnnnno| teNaM kAlelaM teNaM samaeraNaM rAbagihe guNasilae cetie vatU nAma bhagavaMto pAyariyA coddasapubbI samosA , tassa sIso tIsagutto nApra. [prAva0 cU0, mA0 1, pR. 416-20] (ga) rAjagRhe guNaNIlake udyAne vasurAcAryazcaturdazapUrvI samavasRtaH, tanchiSyA tiSyaguptAdeSA dRssttirutpnnaa|" [prAvazyakaniyukteravariNa, bhA0 1]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [adhInastha manya mAcArya ? hotA hai ki prAcArya vasu kI taraha anya bhI jo pUrvadhArI evaM viziSTa yogyatA vAle muni the unake prAdhIna sAdhu-samudAya kI vyavasthA kA kArya rakhA gayA ho| nirayAvalikA sUtra meM likhA hai ki Arya sudharmA 500 sAdhuoM ke parivAra se rAjagRha nagara meM pdhaare|' saMbhava hai una 500 sAdhuoM ke atirikta pravaziSTa jo sAdhu Arya sudharmA ke zAsana meM the una saba ko vibhinna saMghATakoM meM bAMTa diyA gayA ho aura unakI vyavasthA suyogya saMghATakapatiyoM ke prAdhIna rakhI gaI ho| ve saMghATakapati prAcArya, upAdhyAya athavA sthavira prAdi kisI pada ke adhikArI. ho sakate haiN| prAcArya vasu aura Arya sudharmA ke 500 sAdhuoM ke parivAra se vihAra ko dRSTigata rakhate hue yaha nizcaya karanA anucita nahIM hogA ki svayaM prabhU mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM aura unake pazcAt bhI gaNagharoM ke atirikta prAcArya, sthavira prAdi padoM para suyogya sAdhuoM ko niyukta karane kI vyavasthA thii| ____ prArya sudharmA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara saMghanAyaka jaisA ki isa granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM batAyA jA cukA hai, IsA se 527 varSa pUrva arthAt vikrama saMvat se 470 varSa aura zaka saMvat se 605 varSa pUrva, varSAkAla ke cauthe mAsa evaM sAtaveM pakSa meM kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA kI rAtri meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huaaa| bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke pazcAt usI rAtri ko indrabhUti gautama ne kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi kii| dUsare hI dina kArtika zuklA 1 ke dina Arya sudharmA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara ke rUpa meM dharmasaMgha kA adhinAyaka-prAcArya niyukta kiyA gyaa| vartamAna, ananta-anAgata. aura vigatakAla kI sabhI bAtoM ko pratyakSa jAnanedekhane vAle sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthakara bhagavAna ne apane nirvANa se lagabhaga 30 varSa pUrva tIrthasthApanA ke dina hI prArya sudharmA ko dIrghAyu evaM yogya jAna kara garaNa kI anujJA de rakhI thI ; isa bAta se caturvidha tIrtha bhalIbhAMti paricita thaa| isake sAtha hI sAthaH caturvidha tIrtha ko yaha bhI vidita thA ki zramaNa, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM agnibhUti prAdi jina 6 kevalajJAnI garagadharoM ne nirvANa prApta kiyA, unhoMne apane-apane nirvANa se eka mAsa pUrva hI prArya sudharmA ko gaNanAyaka evaM dIrghAyuSmAn jAna kara apane-apane gaNa samhalA diye the| ina do sarvavidita tathyoM ke atirikta bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt bhagavAn ke paTTadhara banane ke sabhI dRSTiyoM se yogyatama adhikArI bhagavAn ke jyeSTha evaM zreSTha ziSya indrabhUti gautama ko kucha hI yAma pazcAta usI rAtri meM kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho cukI thI, ataH ve bhagavAn ke uttarAdhikArI nahIM bana sakate the| teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM samaNassa bhagavano mahAvIrassa antevAsI majjasuhamme nAma praNagAre jAisaMpanne jahA kesI jAva paMcahiM araNagArasaehiM saddhi saMparibuDe puSvANupugviM caramANe.... jeNeva rAyagihe nayare jAva prahAparirUvaM uggahaM mogivhittA saMjameNaM jAva vihrh| [nirayAvaliyAmo, pra.1]

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prathama paTTadhara] balikAla : bhArya sudharmA aisI sthiti meM uparivariNata tIna pramukha kAraNoM se caturvidha tIrtha ke samakSa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA paTTadhara kisako niyukta kiyA jAya, isa prakAra kA koI prazna athavA vivAda utpanna hone jaisA prasaMga hI upasthita nahIM humaa| prataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke dUsare hI dina caturvidha tIrtha ne Arya sudharmA ko sarvasammati se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sarvasattAsampanna prathama paTTadhara, saMghanAyakaprAcArya niyukta kara diyaa| usI dina se Aja taka sudharmA svAmI kI ziSyaparamparA calatI pA rahI hai|' bAja jitane bhI zramaNa evaM zramariNayAM vidyamAna haiM, ve saba mArya sudharmA kI ziSya paramparA ke haiN| kyoMki zeSa sabhI gaNadharoM ne nirvANa prApta karane se pahale hI apane-apane ziSyamaNDala Arya sudharmA ko ziSya rUpa meM samarpita kara nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTapara prArya sudharmA hI kyoM ? sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa aura prabuddha se prabuddha vyakti ke mana meM bhI yaha prazna sahaja hI utpanna hotA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAgIra ke jyeSTha evaM zreSTha ziSya indrabhUti gautama kI vidyamAnatA meM unako chor3a paMcama garagadhara Arya sudharmA ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA paTTadhara kyoM banAyA gayA? indrabhUti ne tIrtha-sthApanA kAla se lekara prabhu ke nirvANa samaya taka unakI aharniza sevA kii| bhagavAn ke prati unakI bhakti evaM prIti bhI apratima thii| phira kyA kAraNa thA ki indrabhUti ko bhagavAn kA uttarAdhikArI nahIM banAyA gayA ? uttara sApha hai ki uttarAdhikArI apane pUrvavartI AcArya prAdi ke adhikAra ko Age calAne vAlA hotA hai| yaha jAnI huI bAta hai ki paTTadhara apane pUrvavartI prAcArya ke prAdeza, upadeza aura siddhAntoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usakA pracAra-prasAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha anuyAyI samAja se unakI prAjJA kA pAlana karavAte haiN| kintu kevalajJAnI svayaM samasta carAcara ke pUrNa jJAtA hone ke kAraNa jo kucha ' sohammaM muNinAhaM, paDhamaM vaMde subhatti sNjutto| jasseso parivAuM, kapparukkhuvva vitpariuM // 2 // [himavanta sthavirAvalI] 2 (ka) je ime prajjatArA samaNA niggaMdhA viharaMti ee NaM savve prajjasuhammassa bhaNagArassa prAvaccijjA, avasesA gaNaharA niravaccA vucchinnA [kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI] (kha) pariNivuyA gaNaharA jIvaMte NAyae Nava jaNAu / / 658 [Avazyaka niyukti] (ga) jIvati jJAtake -- jJAtakulotpanne vIre bhagavati nava janAH indrabhUti sudharmasvAmivarjAH parinirvRttAH, indrabhUti: sudharmazca svAmini vIre nirvRta parinirvRttaH, tathApi prathamamindrabhUti: pazcAtsudharmA svAmI yazca yazca kAlaM karoti, sa sa sudharmasvAmino gaNaM dadAti teSAM tathAbhUta santAnapravRtti hetubhuutaacaarysmbhvaat...| [prAva0 ni0, gA0 658 kI malayagirivRtti]

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62 jaina dharma kA mAlika itihAsa-ditIya bhAga [paTTadhara suvarnA hI kyoM ? upadeza dete haiM vaha ve apane jJAna ke prAdhAra se dete haiM na ki apane pUrvavartI prAcArya ke upadeza-pAdeza ke prAdhAra se| prArya sudharmA prabhu ke nirvANa ke samaya 14 pUrva ke jJAtA the, kevalI nhiiN| mataH ve yaha kaha sakate the ki "bhagavAn ne aisA pharamAyA hai", athavA "bhagavAna ne jaisA pharamAyA hai vaisA hI maiM kaha rahA huuN|" kintu indrabhUti gautama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANa-rAtri ke avasAna meM hI sakala carAcara ke pUrNa jJAtA kevalI bana cuke the| aisI sthiti meM ve yaha nahIM kaha sakate the ki "bhagavAn ne aisA kahA hai, vahI maiM kahatA huuN"| kevalI hone ke kAraNa ve to yahI kahate ki- "maiM aisA dekhatA hU~, maiM aisA kahatA huuN"| aisI sthiti meM tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita zrutaparamparA ko avicchinna rUpa se yathAvat rakhane kI dRSTi se indrabhUti gautama ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kA uttarAdhikArI na banAyA jAkara prArya suSarmA ko prathama paTTadhara niyukta kiyA gyaa| dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki kevalI kisI ke paTTadhara athavA uttarAdhikArI nahIM hote kyoMki ve mAtmajJAna ke svayaM pUrNa adhikArI hote haiN| paTTa-pradAna kisake dvArA ? mArya sudharmA kI tIrthAdhinAyaka ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara pada para niyukti caturvidha saMgha ne ko prathavA svayaM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prazna para prakAza DAlane vAlI eka gAthA 'gaNaharasattarI" meM upalabdha hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : 'tityAhivo suhammo, lahukammo garimagayaNa sNkaaso| vIreNa majjhimAe, saMThavipro aggivesArago // 2 // isa gAthA kA sAmAnya marma isa prakAra hotA hai ki svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne madhyamapAvA meM pratikSINakarmA, kesarIsiMha tulya, agnivezyAyana gotrIya sudharmA ko tIrthAdhipa pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| gAthA meM prayukta "tityAhivo" aura "majjhimAe" ina do zabdoM para samIcIna rUpeNa vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai / yaha to nirvivAda aitihAsika tathya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne madhyamA (madhyama pAvA) meM tIrtha kI sthApanA kI aura lagabhaga 30 varSa pazcAt vahIM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| aisI sthiti meM prazna upasthita hotA hai ki prabhu mahAvIra dvArA prArya sudharmA kI tIrthAdhipa pada para niyukti tIrtha-sthApanA ke samaya kI gaI athavA nirvANa ke samaya ? jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai "prAvazyaka niyuktikAra ne - "puvvaM titvaM goyamasAmisma damvehi pajjavehi aNujANAmitti" - ina zabdoM ke sAtha

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paTTa-pradAna kisake dvArA) kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA bhagavAn dvArA indrabhUti gautama ko tIrtha kI anujJA aura - "gaNaM ca suhamma sAmissa ghure ThAvettA NaM aNujANati" ina zabdoM ke sAtha prArya sudharmA ko gaNa kI anumA pradAna kiye jAne kA spaSTataH ullekha kiyA hai / usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra na to ekAkI indrabhrati gautama ko tortha tathA gaNa kI sammilita rUpa se anujJA pradAna kI pora na ekAkI prArya suvarmA ko hii| isa gAthA meM - "majjhimAe vIreNa suhammo tityAhivo saMThaviyo" - ye zabda vidyamAna haiM / ina zabdoM kA sIdhA sA spaSTa artha yahI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne madhyama pAvA meM sudharmA ko tIrthAdhipa-tIrthanAyaka (jisameM gaNAdhinAyakatva sammilita honA svata: hI siddha hai) niyukta kiyaa| isa prakAra uparilikhita gAthA meM prayukta zabdAvalI ke samyak paryAlocana se gAthA kA yahI artha-saMgata pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane nirvANa ke samaya majjhimA (madhyama pAvA) meM Arya sudharmA ko tIrthAdhipa arthAt sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha tIrtha ke nAyaka pada para apanA prathama paTTadhara niyukta kiyaa| "vIravaMza padAvalI- apara. nAma vidhipakSa gaccha paTrAvalI" kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM to isa prakAra kA aura bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Arya sudharmA ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA: bhaviyajaNe paDibohiya, bAvattari pAliUNa vrisaaiN| sohamma gaNaharassa ya, paTTa dAuM sivaM patto / / 6 / / arthAt-bhavya jIvoM ko pratibodha de, bahattara varSa kI AyuSya pUrNa kara aura garaNadhara sudharmA ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM paTTadhara pada dekara bhagavAn mahAvIra nirvANa ko prApta hue| yadyapi vartamAna meM upalabdha prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prArya sudharmA ko apane nirvANa ke samaya apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kiyA phira bhI uparokta gAthAoM meM prakaTa kiye gaye bhAva sabhI dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para saMgata pratIta hote haiN| kyoMki trikAlajJa sarvadarzI prabhu apane nirvANa se pUrva saMghahita ke atyanta mahatvapUrNa isa prazna kA spaSTa rUpa se hala na kareM ki unake pazcAt caturvidha tIrtha kI sucAru rUpa se vyavasthA karane vAlA unakA uttarAdhikArI kauna hogA, isa bAta ko mAnane ke liye saMbhavataH koI vicAraka taiyAra nahIM hogaa| mAgama evaM itihAsa ke marmajJa isa para vicAra kareM /

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E7 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [apara nAma nohArya suSarmA kA prapara nAma lohArya digambara paramparA ke katipaya granthoM meM prArya sudharmA kA apara nAma lohArya bhI upalabdha hotA hai / yadyapi digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha tiloyapaNatI prAdi meM prArya sudharmA ke isa apara nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai aura paTTadharoM ke krama meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha sudharmA kA nAma hI upalabdha hotA hai na ki lohArya kA tathApi uparilikhita mAnyatA ke anusAra paTTadharoM ke krama meM digambara paramparA ke aneka granthoM aura paTTAvaliyoM meM sudharmA ke sthAna para lohArya kA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI kisI bhI par3AvalI athavA grantha meM padradharoM ke krama meM kahIM bhI lohArya kA nAma dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| sarvatra sudharmA kA nAma hI upalabdha hotA hai| prAvazyaka niyukti ke vRttikAra prAcArya malayagirI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kaivalyopalabdhi ke pazcAt mAhAra lAkara dene vAle zramaNa kA nAma lohArya likhakara unakI nimnalikhita zabdoM meM stuti kI hai : dhanno so lohajjo, tikhamo pavaraloha srivnno| jassa jiyo pattAgo, icchai pAriNahiM bhotuM je // 2 // arthAt - ve kSamAsAgara, lohasAra ke samAna kAntimAna varNa bAle lohArya dhanya haiM jinake bhikSApAtra se svayaM jinendra bhagavAn (mahAvIra) apane pAriNapAtra dvArA bhojana karanA cAhate haiN| __ isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI "lauhArya" - yaha nAma to upalabdha hotA hai para yaha prArya sudharmA kA hI apara nAma thA aisA koI spaSTa ullekha na to kahIM uparokta "prAvazyaka niyukti malayagirI vRtti" meM dRSTigocara hotA hai aura na zvetAmbara paramparA ke kisI anya grantha meM hii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt unake dvArA tIrthasthApanA ke samaya unake tatkAlIna muniyoM meM gyAraha gaNadharoM kA aura unameM bhI indrabhUti gautama tathA prArya sudharmA-ina do gaNadharoM kA viziSTa sthAna mAnA gayA hai / aisI dazA meM kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ko prAhAra lAkara dene vAle suyogyatama sAdhu indrabhUti gautama evaM Arya sudharmA se bar3hakara koI anya nahIM (ka)....godamasAmimhi Nivude saMte lohajAirimo kevalaNANasaMtANaharo jaado| [chakkhaMDAgama vedanAkhaMDa, dhavalA, pR0 130] (kha)....edamhAdo viulagirimatyayasthavaDDhamAraNadivAyarAdo viriNaggamiya godama - lohaja - jambusAmiyAdi-mAiriyaparaMparAe mAgaMtUNa guNaharAiriyaM pAviya gAhAsarUveNa pariNamiya prajjamaMkhuNAgatyIhito jaivasahAyariyamavaraNamiya.... kasAyapAhura, jayadhavalA" aNubhAgavihattI, pR0 388] 2 jAdo siddho vIro tadivase godamo prmnnaannii| jAdo tassiM siddhe sudhammasAmI tado jAdo // 1476 / / tammi kadakammaNAse jaMbUsAmi ti kevalI jaado|.... tiloyapaNatI, mahA0 4 ]

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aparanAma lohAyaM] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA ho skte| indrabhUti kA praparanAma lohArya ho isa prakAra kA ullekha digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke kisI grantha meM upalabdha nahIM hotA jaba ki Arya sudharmA ke liye kaSAyapAhar3a tathA SaTkhaMDAgama kI TIkAmoM meM evaM digambara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM lohArya nAma kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| - digambara paramparA meM kevalI dvArA kavalAhAra kiyA jAnA mAnya nahIM prataH kevalajJAna ke pazcAt bhagavAn ko pAhAra dene vAle sAdhu kA nAma lohArya thA isa abhimata kI digambara paramparA meM to kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| para zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevalI dvArA kavalAhAra kiyA jAnA mAnya hai| aisI sthiti meM "prAvazyaka malayavRtti" meM bhagavAn ko kaivalyaprApti ke pazcAt pAhAra lA kara dene vAle, "khaMtikhamo, pavaraloha sarivanno" ina utkRSTa vizeSaNoM se sambodhanIya sAdhu saMbhavataH mArya sudharmA ho sakate haiN| tatkAlIna sAdhunoM meM lohajja (lohArya) nAmaka anya kisI sAdhu kA zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ina saba tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki prArya sudharmA kA aparanAma lohArya ho / zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya mAgama meM aura yApanIya paramparA (jo vilupta ho cukI hai) ke "kevalibhakti"' nAmaka upalabdha grantha meM kevalI dvArA kavalAhAra kiyA jAnA mAnya hai| bhagavAn svayaM bhikSArtha nahIM padhArate / aisI dazA meM bhagavAna ko prAhAra mA kara dene vAlA koI na koI sAdhu avazya honA caahie| bhagavAn ko mAhAra lA kara dene ke liye koI eka hI sAdhu niyata thA athavA vibhinna isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| sIhA maraNagAra ne meDhiyAgrAma meM revatI gAthApatnI ke ghara se bIjorApAka lA kara diyA aura usake sevana se bhagavAn kA roga zAnta huA, isa prakAra kA ullekha bhagavatI sUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| yaha eka viziSTa paristhiti meM ghaTita huI ghaTanA hai / isase yaha nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki bhagavAn ko AhAra lA kare dene kA kArya kisI eka sAdhu ke jimme thA yA aneka ke| kyA prArya sudharmA kSatriya rAjakumAra the ? yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ho paramparAtroM ke mAnya granthoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyArahoM gaNadharoM ko brAhmaNa jAti kA batAyA gayA hai kintu digambara paramparA ke vIra nAmaka kavi ne vi0 saM0 1076 meM racita apane apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkAvya "jambUsAmicariu" meM aura kavi rAjamalla ne vi0 saM0 1632 meM racita saMskRta bhASA ke apane kAvya "jambUsvAmicaritam" meM cauthe aura pAMcaveM-do garA varoM ke kSatriya hone kA ullekha karate hue pAMcaveM gagAdhara Arya sudharmA ko cauthe gaNadhara supratiSTha kA putra batAyA hai / ' kevalimukti, yApanIya prAcArya zAkaTAyana (pAlyakotti) racita (vikrama kI 6 vI zatAbdI) 2 bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 15, sU0 557

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jaina dharma kA mAlika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya su..rA.? digambara paramparA ke uparokta donoM vidvAnoM ne jambukumAra ko saMsAra se virakti hone ke prakaraNa meM cauthe aura pAMcaveM gaNadhara ke kSatriya hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : ___ "eka dina jambukumAra ne apane mana meM vicAra kiyA ki vipula vaibhava evaM yaza kI jo unheM prApti huI hai vaha kisa sukRta ke pratApa se huI hai ? apanI isa pAntarika jijJAsA ko zAnta karane ke liye jambukumAra ne eka muni ko savidhi vandana karane ke pazcAt prazna kiyA-bhagavan ! meM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hai ki vAstava meM maiM kauna hU~, kahAM se AyA hU~ aura jo kucha mujhe prApta huA hai, vaha kisa puNya ke phala se prApta huA hai ? mApa dayA kara mujhe mere pUrva-bhava kA vRttAnta sunaaiye| "saudharma nAmaka una muni ne, jo ki dharmopadezaka the, uttara diyA- vatsa! suna, maiM tujhe pUrva-bhavoM kA vRtAnta sunAtA huuN|'' isI magara deza ke varSamAna nAmaka grAma meM kisI samaya bhavadatta aura bhavadeva nAmaka do sahodara rahate the| una donoM ne kramazaH jaina zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kI aura bahuta varSoM taka zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kiyA evaM donoM bhAI mRtyu ke pazcAt sanatkumAra svarga meM deva rUpa se utpana hue / devAyu pUrNa hone para bar3e bhAI bhavadatta kA jIva mahAvideha kSetra meM vaSadanta nAmaka rAjA ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| usakA nAma sAgaracandra rakhA gyaa| choTe bhAI bhavadeva kA jIva devaloka se cyuta ho mahAvideha kSetra meM mahApadama cakravartI kA zivakumAra nAmaka putra huaa| sAgaracandra saMyama grahaNa kara kaThora tapazcaryA karane lagA aura zivakumAra mAtA-pitA ke pratyadhika anurodha ke kAraNa ghara meM rahate hue bhI zramaNAcAra kA pAlana evaM ugra tapazcaraNa karane lgaa| anta meM kramazaH samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara ve donoM brahmottara svarga meM deva hue|" ___ "daza sAgara kI devAya pUrNa hone para bar3e bhAI bhavadatta kA jIva magadha deza ke saMvAhanapura nAmaka nagara ke rAjA supratiSTha kI rAnI dharmavatI kI kukSi se putra rUpa meM utpanna huaa| usakA nAma sodharma rakhA gyaa| saudharmakumAra kramazaH sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAta huaa| eka dina rAjA supratiSTha apane parivAra sahita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana-vandana, upadeza-zravaNa ke liye prabhu ke samavasaraNa meM phuNcaa| bhagavAn kI bhavaroga vinAzinI dezanA sunakara rAjA supratiSTha ne saMsAra se virakta ho prabhu ke pAsa nigraMtha-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| thor3e hI dinoM meM vaha supratiSTha muni samasta zrutazAstra ke jJAtA bana gaye aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unheM apane caturtha gaNadhara ke pada para niyukta kiyaa|" 'prathovAca munirnAmnA, saudharmA dharma dezakaH / zRNu vatsa vade te'tha, vRttAntaM pUrvajanmanaH / / [jambUsvAmIcaritam (paM0 rAjamalla) sarga 1] 2 [vahI, sarga 6, zlo0 18-23] 3 divasaH katibhibhikSuH zrutapUrNo'bhavanmuniH / garaNadharasturyo jAto varddhamAnajinezinaH / / 28 / / [ vahI ]

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mA sudharmA kSatriya rAja the?] kevalikAla : mArya suparmA _ "saudharmakumAra ne kucha dinoM pazcAt apane pitA supratiSTha ko bhagavAn ke gaNadhara ke rUpa meM dekhA to use bhI saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura vaha bhI pravajita ho gyaa| thor3e samaya ke pazcAt vaha bhI bhagavAn kA pAMcavAM gaNadhara bana gyaa| sudharmA nAma kA vaha paMcama gaNadhara maiM hI hU~ jo ki tumhAre bhayadeva ke bhava meM tumhArA bhavadatta nAmaka bar3A bhAI thaa|' tuma (choTe bhAI bhavadeva ke jIva) brahmosara svarga se cyuta ho rAjagRha nagara ke zreSThI prahaMdAsa kI patnI jinamatI kI kuSi se putra rUpa meM utpanna hue / tumhArA nAma jambUkumAra rakhA gyaa|" kavi vIra aura paM0 rAjamalla ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke caturya evaM paMcama gaNaghara ko kisa AdhAra para kSatriya vaMzodbhava batAyA hai ise khoja nikAlane kA paryApta prayAsa kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI abhI taka kisI bhI anya anya meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| . yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAyeM eka mata se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sabhI gaNadharoM ko brAhmaNa kulodbhava ' (ka) saudharmo'pi tathA pazcAdIkya taM gaNanAyakam / jAtasarvAganirveda: pravadvAja mahAmuniH // 26 // kramAtso'bhyabhavattasya paMcamo gaNanAyakaH / so'haM sudharmanAmA syAM bhavadbhrAtRvarodhunA // 30 // [ bahI ] (kha) taM puru supaiTThiyanivai jiNacaraNamai paripAlai samare balukharu / "taho suhalakkhaNabhAyaNA, guradevaccaraNakayamaNA / siMgArAsayasippiNI, par3hamakalattaM ruppinnii| bhavayattu jeThu jo vihi mi ciru suru sAyaracaMdu puNo vi suru / so gAu puttu jagajANiyahe naranA, ruppiNIrANiyahe / sauhammanAmuvijApavaru, nIsesasatyaviSNANadharu / ekkahiM diNe suppaiTTha nivaDa sakalatu sanaMdaNu suddhmii| gau vaMdaNabhattie bhavataraNu sirivIrajiNaMdasamosaraNu / nisuNevi parameTThihi divyamuriNa pamvajja levi huu paramamuriNa / gaNaharu pautyu tavataviyataNu sirivahunivesiyavimalamaNu / pekSeni laNeru nivasiri caiu sauhammakumAru vi pavvaiu / gaNaharu paMcamu nAsiyaduhaho praviNaTThayANu sAsayasuhaho / so hau~ risisaMghavirAiyau viharaMtujjANi parAiyau / / [jaMbUsAmicariu (vIra viracita) 8-3, 8.4] tvaM hi tato divazvyutvA, vidyunmAlicaro'maraH / prahaMdAsagRhe mUnujAtaH sarvasukhAkaraH / / 33 / / [jambUsvAmicaritam (paM0 rAjamalla racita), sarga ]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya sU0 bha0 rA. the? mAnatI haiN| aisI dazA meM uparokta donoM kaviyoM ne caturtha evaM paMcama gaNadhara ko kSatriya mAnA hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa khoja karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yahAM sabase bar3I vicAraNIya bAta to yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM meM supratiSTha nAma ke koI bhI gaNadhara nahIM the| aisI sthiti meM vIra kavi aura paM0 rAjamalla ne caturya gaNadhara kA nAma Aryavyakta ke sthAna para supratiSTha aura prArya sudharmA ko supratiSTha kA putra batAte hue joM kathAnaka prastuta kiyA hai, vaha sArA kathAnaka hI taba taka prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA jaba taka ki isakI puSTi meM koI prAcIna Thosa pramANa upalabdha nahIM ho jaataa| mArya sudharmA kA nirvAe mArya sudharmA ne 50 varSa kI avasthA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara tapa-saMyama kI mArAdhanA aura nirantara 30 varSa taka eka parama vinIta ziSya ke rUpa meM bhagavAna kI AjJA kA pAlana karate hue gaNa kI mahatI sevA kii| unhoMne prabhu ke nirvANa ke pazcAt prabhu ke prathama paTTadhara ke rUpa meM 20 varSa taka saMghAdhinAyaka rahakara saMgha kA saMcAlana kiyaa| vIra-nirvANa saMvat 12 meM indrabhUti gautama ke nivAraNa ke pazcAt unhoMne cAra ghAti-karmoM kA kSaya kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra Arya sudharmA ne 12 varSa chapasthacaryA meM saMghAdhinAyaka rahate hue tathA 8 varSa taka kevalI rUpa se saMghAdhinAyaka rahate hue kula milAkara 20 varSa taka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kI amUlya sevAeM kI, jo isa paMcama prAraka kI samApti taka jinazAsana ke itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM se aMkita kI jAtI rheNgii| anta meM vIra ni0 saMvat 20 ke antima caraNa meM IsA se 507 varSa pUrva rAjagRha nagara ke guraNazIla caitya meM prArya sudharmA ne pAdopagamana saMthArA kiyaa| Arya sudharmA ne pacAsa varSa kA eka lambA Adarza, pavitra aura saphala jIvana jIte hae vIra nirvANa saMvat 20 ke antima caraNa meM eka mAsa ke pAdopagamana saMthAre se 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara apane jIvana kA carama aura parama lakSyanirvANa prApta kiyA jisake liye ve pacAsa varSa kI prAyU meM apanA sarvasva tyAga kara sAdhanApatha para pArUr3ha hue the| vizva-kalyANakArI una mahAn AcAryapravara ko koTi-koTi praNAma ! vartamAna dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAra mamasta jaina paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra tIrthakara bhagavAn apanI dezanA meM jo artha abhivyakta karate haiM, unako unake pramukha giya gaggadhara zAmana ke hitArtha mave ya mAhaNA jaccA, samve prabhAvayA viU / gaye duvALasaMgIgrA, gave va udama puzvigo / / 65.7 / / prAvazyaka niyu ni, bhanTayati, bhAga 2, patra 366 (2),

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vartamAna dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAra ] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA apanI zailI meM sUtrabaddha karate haiM / ve hI bAraha aMga pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke zAsanakAla meM dvAdazAMgI - sUtra rUpa meM pracalita evaM mAnya hote haiM / dvAdazAMgI kA gaNipiTaka ke nAma se bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sUtra gaNadhara - kathita yA pratyekabuddha-kathita hote haiM / vaise zrutakevali-kathita aura abhinna dazapUrvI kathita bhI hote haiM / yadyapi vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke dharmazAsana meM tIrthasthApanA ke kAla meM hI gaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI naye sire se racanA kI jAtI hai tathApi una saba tIthaMkaroM ke upadezoM meM jIvAdi mUla bhAvoM kI samAnatA evaM ekarUpatA rahatI hai kyoMki prartha rUpa se jainAgamoM ko anAdi anaMta arthAt zAzvata mAnA gayA hai| jaisA ki nandIsUtra ke 58veM sUtra meM tathA samavAyAMgasUtra ke 185veM sUtra meM kahA gayA hai| : "icceiyaM duvAlasaMga gari piDagaM na kayAI nAsI, na kayAi na bhavai, na kayAi na bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavai ya bhavissai ya, dhuve, nimrae, sAsae, prakkhae, avae, pravaTThie nicce / " samaya-samaya para aMgazAstroM kA viccheda hone aura tIrthaMkarakAla meM navIna racanA ke kAraNa inheM sAdi aura saparyavasita bhI mAnA gayA hai / isa prakAra dvAdazAMgI ke zAzvata aura prazAzvata donoM hI rUpa zAstroM meM pratipAdita kiye gaye haiM / isa mAnyatA ke anusAra pravartamAna avasarpiNIkAla ke antima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA ke dina jo prathama upadeza indrabhUti Adi gyAraha gaNadharoM ko diyA gayA, bhagavAn kI usa vAraNI ko apane sAthI anya sabhI gaNadharoM kI taraha Arya sudharmA ne bhI dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM sUtrabaddha kiyA 66 gyArahoM gaNadharoM dvArA pRthak-pRthak svatantra rUpa se grathita bAraha hI aMgoM meM zabdoM aura zailI kI nyUnAdhika vividhatA hone para bhI unake mUla bhAva to pUrNarUpeNa vahI the jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prakaTa kiye / pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM kI vAcanAtroM kI apekSA se garaNa the aura unakI pRthak-pRthak 6 vAcanAeM thIM / 11 meM se 8 gaNadhara to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se pUrva hI mukta ho gaye / kevala indrabhUti aura Arya sudharmA ye do hI garaNadhara vidyamAna rahe / unameM bhI indrabhUti gautama " pratyaM bhAsai prarahA, suttaM gaMdhati gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaraNassa hipaTThAe, tamro suttaM pavatai / / 162 / / - 2 "duvAlasaMga gari pir3aga " 3 suttaM garaNaharakathidaM taheva [ A0 niyukti, gA0 192, dhavalA bhA0 1 pR0 64, 72 ] [ samavAyAMga sUtra 1 va 136, naMdI0 40 | patteyabuddhakathidaM ca / sudakevaligA kathidaM abhiNNadasapuvvakathidaM ca || 4 || [ mulAcAra, 5-80 ] 4 icceiyaM duvAlagaMgaM garipiDa bucchiniyaTTAe sAdhyaM sagajjava miyaM prayucchittinapaTThAe maraNAiyaM gajjava miyaM / [ nandI mu0, mU0.42 ]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ varta0 dvA0 ke 0 to prabhu kI nirvAraNarAtri meM hI kevalI bana gaye aura 12 varSa pazcAt prArya sudharmA ko apanA gaNa. sauMpa kara nirvANa ko prApta hue / prataH prArya sudharmA ko chor3akara zeSa dazoM gaNadharoM kI ziSya-paramparA aura vAcanAeM unake nirvAraNa ke sAtha hI samApta ho gaIM, mAge nahIM cala sakIM / 70 aisI avasthA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt unake dharmatIrtha ke uttarAdhikAra ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAn ke samasta pravacana kA uttarAdhikAra bhI mArya sudharmA ko prApta huA aura kevala prArya sudharmA kI hI maMgavAcanA pracalita rahI / bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA prAja se bahuta samaya pahale viccheda ho cukA hai / prAja jo ekAdazAMgI upalabdha hai, vaha prArya sudharmA kI hI vAcanA hai / 1 isa tathya kI puSTi karane vAle aneka pramAraNa mAgamoM meM upalabdha haiM unameM se kucha pramAraNa yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : - AcArAMga sUtra ke upodghAtAtmaka prathama vAkya meM "suyaM me prAu ! teraNa bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / " arthAt - he prAyuSman (jaMbU) maiMne sunA hai, una bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prakAra kahA hai" / isa vAkya racanA se yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki isa vAkya kA uccAraNa karane vAlA guru apane ziSya se vahI kaha rahA hai jo svayaM usane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se sunA thA / AcArAMga sUtra kI hI taraha samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga, vyAkhyA- prajJapti prAdi aMga-sUtroM meM tathA uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi aMgabAhya zruta meM bhI prArya sudharmA dvArA vivecya viSaya kA nirUpaNa - "suyaM me bhAu ! teNa bhagavayA evamakvAyaM" isI prakAra kI zabdAvalI se kiyA gayA hai / anuttaropapAtika sUtra, jJAtAdharma kathA Adi ke AraMbha meM aura bhI spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai : 14.......... 'teraNaM kAraNaM teraNaM samaeNaM rAyagihe nayare, prajja suhammassa samosaraNaM parisA paDigayA // 2 // jaMbU jAva pajjuvAsai evaM vayAsI jaddaNaM bhaMte! samaraNeNaM jAva saMpaleNaM aTThamassa aMgassa aMtagaDadasANaM prayamaTThe paNNatte, navamassa NaM bhaMte ! aMgassa praNuttarovavAiyadasANaM samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNaM ke praTThe pate || 3 || taraNa se suhamme araNagAre jaMbU araNagAraM evaM vayAsI - evaM khalu jaMbU ! samaNeNaM jAva saMpatteNaM navamassa zraMgassa zraNuttarovavAiyadasANaM tiSNi vaggA paNNattA // 4 // " Arya jambU ne apane guru zrArya sudharmA se samaya-samaya para aneka prazna prastuta karate hue pUchA - "bhagavan ! zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pramuka aMga kA kyA artha batAyA ? " apane ziSya jambU ke prazna ke uttara meM una aMgoM kA artha batAne kA upakrama karate hue prArya sudharmA kahate haiM - "AyuSman jaMbU ! amuka aMga kA jo

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vartamAna dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAra] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA artha bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pharamAyA vaha maiMne svayaM ne sunA hai| una prabhu ne amuka aMga kA amuka adhyayana kA, amuka varga kA yaha artha pharamAyA hai." apane ziSya jambU ko AgamoM kA jJAna karAne kI uparivariNata paripATI sukhavipAka, dukhavipAka Adi aneka sUtroM meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai| nAyAdhammakahAno ke prArambhika pATha se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai ki vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha aMga-zAstra prArya sudharmA dvArA guMphita kiye gaye haiN|' AgamoM meM ullikhita -- "una bhagavAn ne isa prakAra kahA -" isa vAkya se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki ina AgamoM meM jo kucha kahA jA rahA hai usameM kiMcitmAtra bhI svakalpita nahIM apitu pUrNarUpeNa vahI zabdabaddha kiyA gayA hai jo zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne upadeza dete samaya arthataH zrImukha se pharamAyA thaa| kevala dhavalA ko chor3akara sabhI prAcIna digambara granthoM meM bhI yahI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI gaI hai ki artha rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne upadeza diyA aura use sabhI gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM grathita kiyaa| prAcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM tatvArtha para sarvArthasiddhi kI racanA kI usameM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki parama. acintya kevalajJAna kI vibhUti se vibhUSita sarvajJa paramaSi tIrthaMkara ne artharUpa se AgamoM kA upadeza diyaa| una tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ke atizaya buddhi sampanna evaM zrutakevalI pramukha ziSya gaNadharoM ne aMga-pUrva lakSaNa vAle prAgamoM (dvAdazAMgI) kI racanA kii| isI prakAra prAcArya akalaMka deva (vi. 8vIM zatI) ne tattvArtha para apanI rAjavAttika TIkA meM aura AcArya vidyAnanda (vi. havIM zatI) ne apane tattvArtha ' "teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM ajja suhammassa araNagArassa jeThe aMtevAsI prajja jaMbU nAme praNagAre"...................."prajja suhammassa therassa naccAsanne nAidUre,........."viNaeNaM pajjuvAsamANe evaM vayAsI jaiNaM maMte samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM............"paMcamassa maMgassa ayamaThe pannatte chaTThassa raNaM maMte ! nAyadhammakahANaM ke praThe pannatte ? jaMbUtti majjasuhamme there ajja jaMbU nAmaM praNagAraM evaM vyaasii..............|" [nAyAdhammakahAno 1-5] / tatra sarvajJena paramarSiNA paramAcintyakevalajJAnavibhUtivizeSeNa arthata Agama uddiSTaH / ......" tasya sAkSAt ziSyaH buDhyatizadiyuktaM : gaNadharaiH zrutakevalibhiranusmRtagrantharacanamaMgapUrvalakSaNam / [sarvArthasiddhi 1-20] 3 budayatizaDhiyukta gaNaghararanusmRtagrantharacanam-pAcArAdi dvAdazavighamaMgapraviSTamucyate / - [rAjavArtika 1-20 12, pR0 72] 4 (ka) tasyApyarthataH sarvajJavItarAgapraNetRkatvasiddheH ahaMdubhASitArtha gaNadhara deva: grathitam iti vacanAt / [tatvArthazlokavAtika, pR0 6] (kha) dravyazrutaM hi dvAdazAMgaM vacanAtmakamAptopadezarUpameva, tadarthajJAnaM tu bhAvazrutaM, tadubhayamapi g2aNadharadevAnAM / bhagavadarhatsarvajJavacanAtizayaprasAdAt svamatizrutajJAnAvaraNavIryAntarAyakSayopamazamAtizayAMcca utpadyamAnaM kathamAptAyattaM na bhavet ? [tatvArthazlokavAttika]

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72 ... jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [varta0 dvA0 ke raca. zlokavAttika meM isI mAnyatA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai ki tIrthakara prAgamoM kA arthataH upadeza dete haiM aura use sabhI gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM zabdatA grathita karate haiN| dhavalA meM yaha mantavya diyA gayA hai ki prArya sudharmA ko aMgajJAna indrabhUti gautama ne diyaa| parantu zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAmoM ke prAcIna graMthoM meM kahIM isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| aisI dazA meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhavalAkAra kI yaha apanI svayaM kI navIna mAnyatA hai / .. zvetAmbara prAcAryoM kI hI taraha dhavalAkAra ke atirikta anya sabhI prAcIna digambara prAcAryoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sabhI gaNadharoM ko arthataH dvAdazAMgI kA upadeza diyaa| jayadhavalA meM jaba yaha spaSTataH ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki prArya sudharmA ne apane uttarAdhikArI ziSya jambUkumAra ke sAtha-sAtha anya aneka prAcAryoM ko dvAdazAMgo ko vAcanA dI thii| to yaha kalpanA dhavalAkAra ne kisa AdhAra para kI ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne arthataH dvAdazAMgI kA upadeza sudharmAdi anya gaNadharoM ko na dekara kevala indrabhUti gautama ko hI diyA? aisI sthiti meM apanI paraMparA ke prAcIna prAcAryoM kI mAnyatA ke viparIta dhavalAkAra ne jo yaha nayA mantavya rakhA hai ki prArya sUdharmA ko dvAdazAMgIkA jJAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nahIM apitu indrabhUti gautama ne diyA isakA paucitya vicAraNIya hai| Upara ullikhita pramANoM se yaha nirvivAdarUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki anya gaNadharoM ke samAna Arya sudharmA ne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para dvAdazAMgI kI racanA kii| anya daza gaNadhara Arya sudharmA ke nirvANa se pUrva hI apane-apane gaNa unheM samhalA kara nirvANa prApta kara cuke the ataH prArya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI hI pracalita rahI aura Aja vartamAna meM jo ekAdazAMgI pracalita hai vaha Arya sudharmA dvArA grathita hai / zeSa gaNadharoM dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI vIra nirvANa ke kucha hI varSoM pazcAt vilupta ho gii| dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| .' tahivase ceva suhammAiriyo jaMbUsAmIyAdINamaNeyANamAiriyANaM vakkhAriNadaduvAlasaMgo ghAicaukkakhayeNa kevalI jaado| [jayavalA, pR0 84] 2 suyaM me pAusaM teraNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / / sU0 1 // iha khalu samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM prAigareNaM titthagareNaM............."ime duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage paNNate, taM jahA-pAyAre, sUyagaDe, ThANe, samavAe, vivAhapannatti, nAyAdhammakahAno, uvAsagadasAmo, aMtagaDadasAmo, aNuttarovavAiyadasAmo, paNhAvAgaraNaM, vivAgasue, ditthivaae|" [samavAyAMga, prArambhika pATha) . ......."aMgapaviTeM duvAlasavihaM paNNataM / taM jahA-mAyAro, sUyagaDo, ThANaM, samavAyo, aMtagaDadasAmro, araguttarovavAiyadamAno, paNhAvAgaraNaM, vivAgasuyaM diThivAyo, ||suu0 44 / [naMdIsUtra]

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dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya) - kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA samavAyAMga sUtra meM sAgaropama koTAkoTi samavAya ke pazcAt bAraha aMgoM kA krama aura pratyeka kA vistArapUrvaka paricaya diyA gayA hai / kevala samavAyAMga hI nahIM apitu zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM dvAdazAMgI kA krama nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA gayA hai : 1. prAcArAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga (gommaTasAra ke anusAra suddayar3a) 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti (aMgapaNNatti ke anusAra vipAkaprajJapti) (gommaTasAra ke anusAra-vikkhAparaNatti) 6. jJAtAdharmakathA (aMgapaNNatti ke anusAra jJAtRdharmakathA) (gommaTasAra ke anusAra-nAhassa dhammakahA) 7. upAsakadazA (aMgapaNNatti ke anusAra-upAsakAdhyayana) 8. aMtakRddazA (gommaTasAra ke anusAra-aMtayaDadasA) 6. anuttaropapAtika dazA (aMgapaNNati ke anusAra-anuttaropatpAda) 10. prazna vyAkaraNa 11. vipAkasUtra (vipAkazruta, vivAyasuya, vivAgasuya aura vivAgatta ye sabhI samAnArthaka nAma haiN|) 12. dRSTivAdra 1. prAcArAMga (1) AcArAMga - meM zramaNa nigraMthoM ke prAcAra, gocara, vinaya, karmakSayAdi vinaya ke phala, kAyotsarga, uThanA-baiThanA, sonA, calanA, ghamanA, bhojana-pAnaupakaraNa kI maryAdA evaM gaveSaNA Adi, svAdhyAya, pratilekhana Adi, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti kA pAlana, doSoM ko TAla kara zayayA, vasati, pAtra, upakaraNa, vastra, prazana-pAnAdi kA grahaNa karanA, mahAvratoM, vividha vratoM, tapoM, abhigrahoM, aMgopAMgoM ke adhyayanakAla meM prAcAmla Adi tapa, jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapAcAra evaM vIryAcAra - ina saba bAtoM kA samyakarUpeNa vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prAcArAMga meM. vAcanAeM, anayogadvAra, pratipattiyAM veSTaka, zloka, niyuktiyAM-ye sabhI saMkhyAta haiN| aMgoM ke krama kI apekSA se prAcArAMga kA prathama sthAna hai ataH yaha prathama aMga mAnA gayA hai / zruta-puruSa kA pramukha aMga prAcAra hone ke kAraNa bhI ise prathama aMga kahA gayA hai| prAcArAMga meM do thataskandha, paccIsa adhyayana, 85 uddezanakAla evaM 85 hI samUddezanakAla kahe gaye haiN| isa prathama aMga meM 18,000 pada, saMkhyAta akSara, ananta gama, ananta paryAya, aura isakI varNana paridhi meM pAne vAle amaMlyAta ma evaM ananta sthAvara mAne gaye haiM /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrAcArAMga paccIsa adhyayanAtmaka AcArAMga ke jo 85 uddezana aura 85 samuddezanakAla mAne gaye haiM usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki donoM zrutaskandhoM ke kula milA kara 85 uddeza hote haiM / unameM se pratyeka uddezaka kA vAcanAkAla eka-eka mAna kara uddezakoM ke anusAra hI uddezanakAla kahe gaye haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : 74 prathama adhyayana ke 7, dUsare ke 6, tIsare aura cauthe ke cAra-cAra, pA~caveM ke 6, chaThe ke 5, sAtaveM ke 8, AThaveM ke 7, nauveM ke 4, dazaveM ke 11, gyArahaveM evaM bArahaveM ke tIna-tIna, terahaveM, caudahaveM, pandrahaveM aura solahaveM - ina cAroM ke kramazaH do-do uddezaka tathA zeSa eadhyayanoM meM se pratyeka ke eka-eka uddezaka / isa prakAra kula 85 uddezakoM ke anusAra uddezanakAla aura samuddezanakAla bhI 85-85 haiM / ' uparyukta sabhI jinokta jIvAdi padArtha jo dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se zAzvata evaM paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se prazAzvata haiM, una saba kA samasta jIvoM para dayA va unake kalyANa kI dRSTi se zrAcArAMga meM samIcIna evaM samagrarUpeNa vivecana kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga meM gadya aura padya ina donoM hI zailiyoM meM pratipAdya viSaya kA pratipAdana hone ke kAraNa yaha gadya-padyAtmaka aMgazAstra hai| isake triSTubha, jagatI Adi padya vaidika padyoM se paryApta sAdRzya rakhate haiN| vartamAna meM donoM zrutaskandharUpa AcArAMga kA pada - parimANa 2500 zloka pramAraNa hai / 1 satta ya cha caDa cauro, cha paMca praTTheva satta cauro ya / ekkArA ti ti do do, sattekka ekko ya // [ saMgraha gAthA ] gaNanA evaM chanda kI dRSTi se caturtha caraNa meM "sattekke kka ekko ya" isa prakAra kA pATha honA caahie| sampAdaka 2 pada ke parimANa kA patA lagAne ke liye pUrvAcAryoM ne pUrA prayAsa kiyA hai / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI gAthA 1003, anuyogadvAravRtti, agastyasaMha kI dazavaMkAlikacUraNa, dazarvakAlika kI hAribhadrayA vRtti ( adhyayana 1 kI gAthA 1 ) tathA zIlAMkAcArya-kRta prAcArAMga vRtti ( taskandha 1, sUtra 1 ) meM pada zabda para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| para zAstroM meM prayukta " pada" kA yuktisaMgata vAstavika artha kyA honA cAhie isakA nirNaya prabhI taka nahIM ho pAyA hai / prAcArya devendrasUri ko pahale karmagrantha kI 7vIM gAthA ke antargata " pada" kI vyAkhyA karate samaya likhanA par3A ki "jisase pUre artha kA bodha ho use "pada" mAnA gayA hai / " digambaraparamparA ke mAnya grantha "aMga paNNattI" meM ekAdazAMgI ke kula zlokoM aura padoM kI jo saMkhyA dI hai usake anusAra zloka saMkhyA meM padasaMkhyA kA bhAga lagAne para 510884621 zlokoM kA eka pada banatA hai| aisI sthiti meM dvAdazAMgI meM prayukta pada ke parimANa ke sambandha meM Aja hamAre samakSa aisI koI sarvamAnya paramparA nahIM hai jisase ki pada kA nizcita svarUpa jAnA jA sake / -- sampAdaka 1

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pApArAga] kavanikAla : mArya sudharmA -75 samavAyAMga sUtra' paura nandI sUtroM ke mUla pATha meM prAcArAMga kI (donoM zrutaskandhoM ko milA kara) padasaMkhyA ullikhita hai| isake viparIta pAcArAMga niyuktikAra', pAcArAMga -vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya aura samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM navAMgI TIkAkAra prAcArya abhayadeva sUri prAdi ne prAcArAMga ke kevala prathama zrutaskandha kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 mAnI hai| isa sambandha meM yathAsthAna Age vivecana kiyA jaaygaa| prAcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA nAma navabrahmacarya hai aura isameM nimnalikhita 6 adhyayana haiM : zastraparimA, mokavijaya, zItoSNIya, samyaktva, lokasAra (pAvaMti),dhUta, mahAparikSA, vimokSa (vimoha) paura upadhAnazrutaH / AcArAMga sUtra meM ye 9 madhyayana isI krama se diye hue haiN| prAcArAMga niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra " (ka) gheNaM maMgaTTAe par3ame aMge. do suyakkhaMghA, paNavIsaM prajmayaNA, paMcAsIiM udde saNakAlA, paMcAsoI samudde saNakAlA, aTThArasa padasahassAI padaggeNaM [samavAyAMga, (pU0 ghAsIlAlajI ma.) pR0 657] . (ba) pAyArassa eNaM bhagavamo samipAgassa bhaTThArasapayasahassANi payaggeNaM paNNatAI - vahI, pR0 232 se vaM aMgaThyAe par3ane bhaMge, do supaksaMdhA, paNavIsaM ajjhayaNA, paMcAsII uddesaNakAlA, pAsIha samuddemaNakAlA, aTThArasa payasahassAiM payaggeNaM. [nandI sUtra, (pU0 ghAsIlAlajI ma0) pR0 548] . nava babhaberamaiyo aTThArasa payasahassiyo vebho / havA ya sapaMca so bahu - bahuttaramo payaggeNaM // [pAcArAMga niyukti] sapanavabrahmavAbhidhAnAdhyayanAtmakaprathamazrutaskandharUpaH tasyaiva cedaM padapramANaM na pUlAmAm, yavAha- "navabharamAmo aTThArasa payasahassimo vegro, havai ya sapaMca cUlo bahubahuttaramo payamneNaM // 1 // ti / yacca sacUlikAkasyeti vizeSaNaM tattasya cUlikAsattA pratipAdanArtham na tu padapramANAmiSAnArtham / yato'vAci nandI TIkAkRtA" -- "maTThArasa papasahassANi puNa paDhamasuyakSassa, nava baMbharamajhyassa pamAraNaM vicittatyAriNaya suttAriNa musbaesamo tesi pratyo jaannivyo| [samavAyAMga TIkA (mAcArya abhayadeva sUri)] satyapariSNA logavijamo ya sIusariNajja sammattaM / taha sonasAra nAmaM, dhutaM taha mahApariNNA ya / / 31 / / pakhae ya vimoktA uhANa suyaM ca navamagaM bhariNayaM / ................................ || 62 // [bhAcArAMga niyukti]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArAMga zIlAMka ne bhI adhyayanoM kA yahI krama diyA hai| sthAnAMga' aura samavAyAMga meM mahAparijJA adhyayana ko sAtaveM sthAna para na rakha kara navama sthAna para rakhA gayA hai| naMdisUkakI hAribhadrIyA tathA malayavRtti meM mahAparijJA adhyayana ko AThaveM aura upadhAnadhruta ko nauveM sthAna para rakhA hai| isa prakAra ina adhyayanoM ke krama meM thor3A bahuta aMtara upalabdha hotA hai para saMkhyA meM kahIM koI aMtara nahIM diyA gayA hai / 6 adhyayanAtmaka prathama zrutaskaMdha meM pAMca prakAra ke prAcAra -jJAna AcAra, darzana AcAra, cAritra AcAra, tapa AcAra aura vIrya prAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyayana prathama zrutaskandha ke zastra-parijJA nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM 7 uddezaka haiM, jisameM vizvabandhutva kA sajIva citra khIMcate hue batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka jIva apane hI samAna cetanA vAlA hai aura saba ko apanA-apanA jIvana priya hai ataH pratyeka prANI ko prAtmavat samajha kara kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| kyoMki pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasakAya meM se kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA karanA durgati aura ananta bhavabhramaraNa kA kAraNa hai / vanaspati kAya kI sajIvatA batAne ke liye adhyayana meM manuSya-deha ke sAtha vanaspati kI tulanA kI gaI hai| prathama adhyayana kA nAma zastra-parijJA rakhA gayA hai, usakA artha yaha hai ki dravya-zastra-lAThI, talavAra, topa Adi tathA bhAva-zastra kAma, krodha, mada, mohAdi kI bhayaMkaratA evaM unake dvArA ajasrarUpeNa vRddhigata hone vAle ananta bhavabhramaNa ke bhayAvaha svarUpa ko samajha kara dravyazastra aura bhAvazastra donoM prakAra ne zastroM kA parityAga krnaa| dravya aura bhAvazastroM ko jAna kara unakA parityAga karanA sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa aura mukti kA prathama sopAna hai| dvitIya adhyayana dUsare "lokavijaya" nAmaka adhyayana meM 6 uddezaka haiM / lokavijaya kA artha hai loka arthAt saMsAra para vijaya / loka do prakAra kA hai-pahalA, cAra prakAra kI gatiyoM meM bhramaNa rUpa dravyaloka, aura dUsarA rAga-dveSAdi bhAvaloka / rAga-dveSAdi bhAvaloka ke kAraNa hI jIva caturgatirUpa dravyaloka meM paribhramaNa karatA hai / isa adhyayana meM rAga-dveSa-viSaya-kaSAyadi para vijaya prApta karake loka arthAt bhavabhramaNa para vijaya prApta karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isameM saMsAra ke bIjarUpa mUla kAraNa krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha kA nAza kara vairAgya evaM saMyama meM dRr3hacitta hone ta' / saba prakAra ke prArambha-samArambhoM meM mamatvatyAga kA nirdeza ' va baMbhacerA paNNatA taMjahA - satyaparinnA, laMgavijayo jAva uvahAraNasuyaM mahApariNNA / [sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 6] 2 pAyArassa NaM bhagavo sacUlipAgassa paNavIsaM ajjhayaNA paNatA taMjahA satthapariNNA logavijayo sIgrosaraNIya sammattaM / mAvaMti dhuya vimoha uvahAraNasuyaM mahapariNA / [samavAyAMga, samavAya 25]

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zrAcArAMga ] kevalikAla : zrArya sudharmA hai / isake sAtha hI sAtha isameM sAdhaka ko anukUla tathA pratikUla sabhI paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhane aura saMyamapAlana ke mArga meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM para vijaya prApta kara prAtmalakSI banane kA upadeza hai / tRtIya adhyayana tIsare zItoSNIya nAmaka adhyayana meM 4 uddezaka haiN| zIta kA artha hai anukUla parISaha aura uSNa kA artha pratikUla parISaha / isa adhyayana meM sAdhanApatha ke pathika- bhikSu ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha anukUla parISahajanya sukha kI sthiti meM athavA pratikUla parISahajanya duHkha kI sthiti meM samabhAva rakhate hue sAdhanApatha para nirantara gatizIla rhe| isake prathama udde zaka meM asaMyamI ko supta kI saMjJA de kara dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki supta vyakti nirantara ghora duHkha bhogate rahate haiM / isake tRtIya uddezaka meM deha-damana ke sAtha-sAtha zramaraNa ke liye cittazuddhi karanA paramAvazyaka hI nahIM anivArya batAyA gayA hai| cauthe uddezaka meM kaSAya tathA pApakarma ke tyAga evaM saMyama meM uttarottara utkarSa karate rahane kA upadeza hai / niyuktikAra dvArA bhI tRtIya adhyayana ke ina cAroM uddezakoM kA viSayakrama uparyullikhita rUpa meM hI batAyA gayA hai aura yahI viSayakrama vartamAna meM upalabdha hotA hai / caturtha adhyayana cauthe adhyayana kA nAma samyakta va adhyayana hai / samyakta va kA artha hai zAzvata satya dharma meM vizvAsa, AsthA-zraddhA-niSThA / isa cauthe samyakta va nAmaka adhyayana meM 4 uddezaka haiM / isa adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prathama sUtra meM zAzvata satya dharma ke svarUpa kA digdarzana karAte hue kahA gayA hai- "pratIta, vartamAna aura prAgAmI kAla ke sabhI prarhantoM tIrthaMkaroM kA yahI kathana hai ki kisI bhI prAraNI, bhUta, jIva aura satva kI na to hiMsA karanI cAhie na karavAnI hI cAhie aura na usako kisI prakAra kI pIr3A pahuMcAnI cAhie / grahiMsA rUpa yahI dharma zuddha hai, nitya hai aura zAzvata hai / sampUrNa loka ke samasta jIvoM ke duHkhoM ko jAnane vAle mahApuruSoM ne isa (dharma) kA varNana kiyA hai / yaha ahiMsAmUlaka dharma una saba logoM ko sunAnA cAhie jo isako sunane ke liye udyata athavA anudyata, upasthita athavA anupasthita, mana, vacana evaM kAya rUpa daNDa se uparata athavA anuparata, sopadhika athavA nirupadhika aura saMyogarata athavA saMyoga se uparata hoM, kyoMki yahI saccA dharma hai, yahI mokSapradAyI hai / 77 kzz " se bemi je aIyA, je ya paDuppannA, je zrAgamissA arahaMtA bhagavaMto te savve evamAikkhati, evaM bhAti, evaM paNaviti, evaM parUviti - savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve satA, na haMtavvA, na ajjAveyavvA, na paridhittavvA, na pariyAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe, niie, sAsae samicca loyaM kheyehi paveie, taMjahA - uTThiesu vA aNuTThiesu vA uvaTThiesa vA zravaTThiesu vA uvarayadaMDesu vA aNuvarayadaMDesu vA sovahiesu vA govahisu vA saMjogaraesu vA asaMjogaraesu vA tacca ceyaM tahA ceyaM, zrassiM ceyaM pavuccai / / 227 / / [ AcArAMga adhyayana 4 uddezaka 1, sUtra prathama ]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [pAcArAMga athAha sAgara tulya jaina darzana ko isa eka hI sUtra rUpa gAgara meM samAviSTa kara diyA gayA hai / saccI mAnavatA kA pratIka yaha sUtra jaina dharma ko vizva dharma ke gaurava garimApUrNa pada para pratiSThApita karane ke liye paryApta hai / 78 dvitIya uddezaka meM prAsava evaM saMvara dvAroM kA vivecana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki bhAva evaM saMvara ekAntataH sthAna bhaura kriyA para nahIM apitu mUlata: sAdhaka kI kramazaH zubhAzubha tathA vizuddha bhAvanA para nirbhara karate haiM prataH sAdhaka ko rAga dveSa se rahita vizuddha bhAvanA rakhane ke liye sadA prayatnazIla rahanA caahie| tRtIya uddezaka meM sAdhaka ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha bhAva-vizuddhi dvArA naye karmoM ke grAgamana ko rokane ke sAtha-sAtha pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA nAza karane ke liye yathAzakya tapa-sAdhanA meM nirata rahe / cauthe uddezaka meM sAdhanAmArga ko kaThora bhaura vIroM kA mArga batAte hue sAdhaka ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha samasta aihika sukhoM aura apane zarIra ke prati bhI mamatva kA tyAga kara samyakta va dvArA mahiMsA, saMvara bhaura nirjarA para prApta huI apanI zraddhA ko sadA apane zrAcararaNa meM utArane kA prayatna karatA rhe| cAroM uddezakoM kA yahI viSayakrama niryukti evaM vRtti meM nirdiSTa hai aura yahI krama prAcArAMga meM prAja bhI vidyamAna hai / paMcama adhyayana pAMcaveM adhyayana kA nAma lokasAra adhyayana hai / isake AAdi, madhya aura aMta meM 'prAvati' zabda bhAyA hai isa dRSTi se isakA dUsarA nAma 'prAvaMti adhyayana' bhI rakhA gayA hai| isameM samagra loka ke sArabhUta dharma -marma kA nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki loka meM sArabhUta tatva dharma, dharma kA sAra jJAna, jJAna kA sAra saMyama aura saMyama kA sAra mokSa hai| prastuta adhyayana meM 6 uddezaka haiM / prathama uddezaka meM prANihiMsA ko karmabandha evaM bhavabhramaraNa kA kAraNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo koI vyakti kisI prayojana athavA binA kisI prayojana ke prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha nirantara unhIM jIvoM meM ghUmatA huA dussaha duHkhoM kA anubhava karatA hai / hiMsA, saMzaya evaM bhogoM kA parityAga kiye binA koI prANI saMsArasAgara se pAra nahIM ho sakatA / dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki sabhI prANI jInA aura sukhI rahanA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA, zrataH saccA muni vahI hai jo kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karatA aura hiMsAjanya pApa se sadA dUra rahatA hai / tRtIya uddezaka meM sAdhaka ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha sarvathA aparigrahI raha kara kAmonmukha evaM bhogAsaktaM prapanI zrAtmA ke sAtha yuddha karate hue apanI zrAtmA para vijaya prApta kare / bAhya yuddhoM ko anArya yuddha kI saMjJA dete hue Atmavijaya hetu kiye jAne vAle yuddha ko hI zrArya yuddha evaM saccA yuddha batAyA gayA hai|

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76 pAcArAMga] kevalikAla : pArya sudharmA caturtha uddezaka meM usa muni ke liye ekAkI vicaraNa varjanIya batAyA gayA hai jo ki vaya evaM jJAna kI dRSTi se aparipakva athavA parISahoM ko sahana karane meM sakSama na ho| paMcama uddezaka ke prArambha meM prAcArya kI usa nirmala jala se bhare upazAnta jalAzaya se tulanA kI gaI hai jo apane svaccha jala se samasta jalacara jantuoM kI rakSA karate hue samabhUmi meM avasthita hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArya bhI usa svaccha jalapUrNa jalAzaya ke samAna sadaguraNoM se protaHprota, upazAnta, mana evaM indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhane vAle, prabuddha, tatvajJa, aura zruta se apanA tathA para kA kalyANa karane vAle haiN| jo sAdhaka saMzaya rahita ho jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita tatvajJAna ko satya samajha kara aise maharSiyoM kI prAjJAnusAra saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai vaha samAdhi ko prApta karatA hai| __ isa pAMcaveM uddezaka ke pAMcaveM sUtra meM hiMsA se uparata rahane kA jina mArmika aura antastalasparzI zabdoM meM jo mahattvapUrNa upadeza diyA gayA hai vaha usa rUpa meM saMbhavataH anyatra vizva ke kisI darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hogaa| isameM batAyA gayA hai - (o mAnava ! ) jise tU mArane yogya samajhatA hai vaha tU hI hai, jise tU apanA prAjJAvartI banAne yogya samajhatA hai vaha tU hI hai, jise tU paritApa pahuMcAne yogya samajhatA hai vaha tU hI hai, jise tU pakar3ane-bAMdhane yogya samajhatA hai vaha tU hI hai, jise tU prANoM se viyojita kara dene yogya samajhatA hai vaha bhI tU hI to hai| isa prakAra ke vAstavika tathya ko pahicAna kara pratyeka jIva ko apanI prAtmA ke samAna samajhane vAlA saralavRtti yukta sAdhu kisI bhI jIva kI na to svayaM hiMsA kareM na kisI dUsare se hiMsA karavAye aura na kisI prANI kI hiMsA kA anumodana hI kre| dUsare kI hiMsA ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlA ghora duHkha merI prAtmA ko hI bhoganA par3egA isa prakAra kA vicAra kara buddhimAn apane mana meM kisI prANI kI hiMsA kA vicAra taka na mAne de|' isa sUtra meM nihita udbodhana ke mAdhyama se spaSTarUpeNa pratyeka prANI ko satarka kiyA gayA hai ki kisI prANI ke vadha, bandhana, utpIr3ana Adi kA vicAra karanA vastutaH svayaM kA vadha, bandhana, utpIr3ana karanA hai| isa prakAra ke vicAra karane vAlA vyakti sarvaprathama svayaM hI apane vicAroM kA nizAnA banatA hai / kyoMki dUsare prANI ko pIr3A pahuMcAne ke saMkalpamAtra se, isa prakAra kA saMkalpa karane vAle prANI ke prAtmaguragoM kA hanana ho jAtA hai| AtmaguraNoM kA hanana vastutaH prAtmapAta tulya hai / ' tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM haMtambaMti mannasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM prajjAveyanvaMti mannasi, tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM pariyAveyavvaM ti mannasi evaM jaM parighittavvati mannasi, jaM uddaveyaMti mannasi aMjU caya paribuddha jIvI, tamhA na haMtA na vi ghAyae, praNusaveyaraNamappANeNa jaM haMtavvaM naabhiptthe| [prAcArAMga 5 / 5]

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8. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga mAcArAMga chaTTe uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita saMyamadharma kA apane prAcArya kI AjJAnusAra apramattarUpa se nirantara pAlana karatA hai aura saba prakAra ke karmabandhoM ke bhAva-srotoM se pUrI taraha bacate hue sAdhanArata rahatA hai vaha kramazaH cAra ghAtikarmoM kA kSaya kara anta meM janma-maraNa ke bandhana se nirmukta ho niraJjana-nirAkAra, saccidAnandasvarUpa siddhatva ko prApta karatA hai| isameM siddha bhagavAn ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai"vaha janma-maraNa ke mArga se pare, muktAvasthA meM rata, zabdoM dvArA anirvacanIya, tarka dvArA pragamya, mati dvArA agrAhya, kevala vizuddha caitanya, ananta jJAna-darzanayukta, ananta akSaya sukha evaM ananta zakti sampanna, mokSa kA kSetrajJa, paramapada kA adhyAsI, hai| na vaha dIrgha hai na hrasva, na vartulAkAra, na trikoNa, na catuSkoNa, na parimaMDalAkAra, na kRSNa, na nIla, na raktavarNa, na pIta, na zveta, sugandha evaM durgandha rahita, na tikta, na kaTu, na kaSAyarasa vAlA, na khaTTA, na madhura, karkaza athavA komala sparza rahita, na bhArI na halkA, na uSNa na zIta, na snigna, na rUkSa, kAyA-lezyA tathA karmabIja se rahita, nitAnta nissaMga, na strI, na puruSa aura na nepusaMka, sarvajJa-sarvadarzI, nirupama, arUpI sattA vAlA aura prapada hone ke kAraNa vaha siddha bhagavAn kisI bhI pada ke dvArA anirvacanIya-anirUparaNIya haiN|' chaTThA pradhyayana __chaThe adhyayana kA nAma dhUta adhyayana hai| dhUta kA artha hai kisI vastu para lage maila ko dUra karake use svaccha banA denaa| isa adhyayana meM prAtmA para lage karma-maila ko tapa-saMyama dvArA dUra kara prAtmA ko samujvala banAne kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana ke 5 uddezaka haiN| isake prathama uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra zaivAla se samAcchAdita jalAzaya kA kachumA bAhara kI vastuoM evaM bAhara jAne ke mArga ko nahIM jAna sakatA, jisa prakAra eka vRkSa apanA adhobhAga pRthvI meM gar3A huA hone ke kAraNa zItoSNAdi saMkaToM se apanA bacAva karane hetu anyatra nahIM jA sakatA, ' accei jAImarara rasa vaTTamaggaM vikkhAyarae, savve sarA niyaTuMti, takkA jatya na vigjA, maI tattha na gAhiyA, proe appaiTThANasa kheyanne, se na dIhe na hasse na vaTTe na taMse na cauraMse na parimaMDale na kiNhe na nIle na lohie na hAlide na sukkille na surabhigaMdhe na durabhigaMdhe na titte na kaDue na kasAe na aMbile na mahure na kakkhaDe na maue na garue na lahue na uNhe na soe na niddhe na lukkhe na kAU na rUhe na saMge na itthI na purise na granahA parinne sanne uvamA na vijjae, arUvI sattA, apayassa payaM natthi // [prAcArAMga sUtra, a0 5 u0 6, sU0 171] muNDakopaniSad, 1, 1, 6 meM bhI kucha isI prakAra kA varNana hai : yanada drezyama grAhyamagotramavarNama cakSuH zrotraM tadapAriNapAdam / nityaM vibhu sarvagataM susUkSma tamavyayaM tadbhunayoni paripazyati dhIrAH / -sampAdaka

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bhAcArAMga] kevalikAla : pAyaM sudharmA 81 usI prakAra moha meM Asakta vyakti na to satya-mArga ko dekha sakatA hai aura na prazasta patha para cala kara zAnti ke sthala para hI pahuMca sakatA hai / isake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha janma-maraNa aura saMsAra ke duHkhoM kI cakkI meM nirantara pisatA rahatA hai| ataH sAdhaka ko cAhiye ki vaha sAMsArika moha evaM prAsakti se sarvathA bacA raha kara sadA sAdhanArata rhe| dvitIya uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo sAdhaka parISahoM se. Dara kara sAdhutva evaM vastra, pAtra, kambala, pAdapaMchanaka, rajoharaNAdi saMyamasAdhanA ke upakaraNoM kA parityAga kara dete haiM ve dIrghakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karate rahate haiM aura jo sAdhaka parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahana karate hue saMyamapUrvaka sAdhanA meM nirata rahate haiM ve antatogatvA saMsArasAgara ko pAra kara nirvANa prApta kara lete haiN| tRtIya uddezaka meM sAdhu ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha dharmopakaraNoM ke atirikta anya upakaraNoM ko kabandha kA kAraNa smjhe| vaha kabhI mana meM isa prakAra kA vicAra na kare ki merA vastra jIrNa ho gayA hai ataH naye vastra ko yAcanA karUMgA, athavA sUI-dhAge kI yAcanA kara phaTe hue vastra ko sIUMgA apitu vaha una dhIra-vIra mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA cintana kare, jinhoMne nirvastra raha kara aneka pUrvo athavA varSoM taka saMyama-mArga meM sthira raha parISahoM ko sahana kara paramapada prApta kiyaa| sAdhaka una mahApuruSoM kI taraha parISahoM ko sahana karane kI zakti apane antaraM meM utpanna karane kI kAmanA kare / parISahoM ko sahana karatekarate jisa sAdhaka kI bhujAeM kRza ho jAtI haiM, mAMsa tathA rudhira svalpa mAtrA meM avaziSTa raha jAtA hai aura jisane rAga-dveSa para vijaya prApta kara samatvabhAva prApta kara liyA hai vaha sAdhaka saMsArasAgara ko pAra kara letA hai| isake pazcAt saMyamaniSTha sAdhu ko asandIna (jala se kabhI na bharane vAle) dvIpa kI upamA dete hue saba jIvoM kI rakSA karane vAlA tIrthaMkarapraNIta dharmatIrthasvarUpa batAyA gayA hai| ___ caturtha uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo sAdhU jJAna aura prAcAra donoM se hI bhraSTa ho jAte haiM ve ananta kAla taka bhavabhramaraNa karate hue saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiM ataH sAdhaka ko cAhiye ki vaha aharniza jJAna aura kriyA kI sAdhanA meM nirata raha kara muktipatha kI ora agrasara hotA rhe| paMcama uddezaka meM upadeSTA ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki upadeSTA vastutaH kaSTasahiSNa, vedavit arthAt AgamajJAna meM niSNAta, sarvabhUtAnukampI, sakala carAcara jIvanikAya kA zaruNyabhUta ho| usakA upadeza samaSTi ke liye aura samaSTi kA hitasAdhaka tathA zAnti, kSamA, ahiMsA, virati, kaSAyoM ke upazamana, nirvANa, nirdoSa vratAcaraNa, saralatA, mRdutA evaM lAghavatA Adi viSayoM para AgamAnusAra honA caahiye| upadeza dete samaya muni svayaM kI tathA anya kI prAzAtanA-avahelanA na kre| jisa prakAra dhIra, vIra yoddhA saMgrAma meM sabase Age raha kara zatruoM ke sAtha ghora yuddha karatA huA vijaya prApta karatA

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82 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArAMga hai usI prakAra sAdhaka ghorAtidhora parISahoM ko nirbhaya aura sthirabhAva se sahana karate hue mRtyukAla upasthita hone para pAdopagamana Adi anazana kara jaba taka prAtmA zarIra se pRthaka na ho jAya taba taka AdhyAtmika cintana meM sthirabhAva se dattacitta rhe| sAtavAM adhyayana sAta uddezakoM vAlA "mahAparijJA" nAmaka sAtavAM adhyayana vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM usake antargata kina-kina viSayoM para vivecana kiyA gayA thA isa para sAdhikArika rUperaNa koI prakAza nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| yaha mahAparijJA adhyayana kisa samaya vilupta huA, isake sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se to nahIM kahA jA sakatA parantu kucha tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vikrama saMvat 562 ke pazcAt vikrama saM0 633 se pahale kisI samaya meM mahAparijJA adhyayana ucchinna huA hogaa| zIlAcArya apara nAma tatvAditya'. ne zaka saMvat 768 kI vaizAkha zuklA 5 ke dina prAcArAMga kI TIkA kA lekhana sampUrNa kiyaa|2 prAcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyayana kI TIkA sampUrNa karane ke pazcAt likhA hai- "chaThe adhyayana kI TIkA samApta huii| aba sAtaveM adhyayana kI TIkA karane kA avasara samupasthita hai kintu sAtavAM adhyayana vicchinna ho cukA hai ataH use chor3a kara pAThaveM adhyayana ke sambandha meM kahA jA rahA hai|"3 AcArAMga TIkA meM upalabdha uparokta ullekhoM se yaha to nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki zaka saM0 798 tadanusAra vikrama saM0 633 meM mahAparijJA adhyayana vidyamAna nahIM thA aura usase pahale hI yaha vilupta ho cukA thaa| aba yaha dekhanA hai ki mahAparijJA adhyayana kisa samaya taka vidyamAna thaa| Aja durbhAgyavaza mahAparijJA adhyayana to upalabdha nahIM para saubhAgya se isa para likhI huI navagAthAtmaka niyukti upalabdha hai| AcArAMga-niyukti meM mahAparijJA nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana ke vilupta hone kA koI ullekha na honA aura usameM isa adhyayana kI niyukti kA astitva, ina do prabala pramAraNoM se yaha nivivAdarUperaNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki niyukti kI racanA ke samaya niyuktikAra ke samakSa mahAparikSA adhyayana vidyamAna thaa| 'brahmacaryAkhya zrutaskaMdhasya nivRta kulInazrI zIlAcAryeraNa tatvAdityAparanAmnA vAharisAdhu. sahAyena kRtA TIkA parisamApteti zlokato granthamAnaM 676 / [pAcArAMma, pra070 skaM0, zIlokAcAryakRta TIkA, pR0 427] 2 zakavRSakAlAtItasaMvatsarazateSu sapnagu aSTAnavatItyadhikeSu vaizAkhazukla paMcamyAM 2 AcAra____TIkA kRteti / [vahI, dvitIya zru taskandha, pR0 281] 3 ukta SaSTamadhyayanamadhunA saptamAdhyayanasya mahAparijJAsyasyAvasarastacca vyavacchinnamitikRtvAtilaMghyASTamasya saMbandho vaacyH| [vahI, pR0 342 : dhanapatisiMha AgamasaMgrahaH]

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83 pAcArAMga] kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA isa tathya ke spaSTa ho jAne ke pazcAt yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki prAcArAMga-niyukti kI racanA kisa samaya kI gaI ? paramparAgata janazra ti ke prAdhAra para bahuta prAcIna kAla se yaha mAnyatA calI A rahI hai ki caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne prAcArAMgAdi 10 sUtroM para niyuktiyoM kI racanA kii| zratakevalI bhadrabAha kA prAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 156 se 170 taka kA hai| niyuktiyoM meM ullikhita aneka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika tathyoM, ghaTanAoM aura vyaktiyoM se sambandhita vivecanoM para gambhIratApUrvaka paryAlocana ke pazcAt pratyeka niSpakSa vicAraka kI yaha nizcita dhAraNA bana jAtI hai ki paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anusAra caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu bhale hI mUla niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra rahe hoM para vartamAna meM jo svarUpa ina niyuktiyoM kA upalabdha hotA hai, vaha svarUpa vikrama saM0 562 ke Asa-pAsa hue naimittika bhadrabAhu ne pradAna kiyaa| isI grantha ke Age ke zratakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke prakaraNa meM etadviSayaka mahatvapUrNa tathyoM para yathAsthAna paryApta prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| uparyallikhita tathyoM para vicAra karane se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki AcArAMga sUtra kA mahAparijJA nAmaka sAtavAM adhyayana niyuktiyoM ko antima rUpa dene vAle naimittika bhadrabAha ke samaya meM vi0 saM0 562 taka vidyamAna thA aura isake pazcAt vi0 saM0 562 se vi0 saM0 633 ke bIca kI 371 varSa kI avadhi meM kisI samaya vaha lupta ho gyaa| viSaya-vastu yaha to pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki mahAparijJA adhyayana meM kina-kina viSayoM kA samAveza thA, yaha AdhikArika rUpa se vistArapUrvaka nahIM batAyA jA sakatA kyoMki mUlataH yaha adhyayana vilupta ho cukA hai| phira bhI prathama zrutaskandha ke adhyayanoM kI viSaya-paricAyikA gAthAoM meM, aura zIlAMkAcAryakRta inakI TIkA meM kicita saMketa ke rUpa meM aura prAcArAMga niyukti meM usakI apekSA thor3e vistAra ke sAtha mahAparijJA adhyayanAntargata viSaya kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| prAcArAMga niyukti meM prathama zra taskandha ke adhyayanoM ke viSaya kA paricaya dete hue sAtaveM mahAparijJA adhyayana kA viSaya batAyA gayA hai- "mohajanya paroSaha upasarga / " isa gAthA-pada kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra AcArya zIlAMka ne likhA hai "saMyamAdi guNa yukta sAdhu ke samakSa yadi kabhI mohajanya ' jiyasaMjamo ya logo, jaha vajjhai jaha ya taM pajjahiyanvaM / suhadukkhatitikkhA vi ya, saMmata logasAro ya / / 33 / / nissaMgayA ya chaThe, mohasamutthA parIsahovasaga / nijjAraNaM aTThamae, navame ya jiNeraNa payaMti // 34 / / [prAcArAMga-niyukti, (prathama zrutaskaMdha)]

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84 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArAMga parISaha athavA upasarga utpanna ho jAyaM to use cAhiye ki vaha unheM dRr3hatA ke sAtha samIcIna rUpeNa sahana kre|' , prAcArAMga niyukti meM mahAparijJA adhyayana para jo 6 gAthAeM dI huI haiM unameM se pahalI do gAthAoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka apanI dainaMdinI kriyA se lekara aMtakriyA saMlekhanA taka meM apane sammukha upasthita hone vAle anukUla parISahoM tathA sAdhvAcAra ke samasta aticAroM ko utkRSTa koTi ke prAdarza evaM viziSTa jJAna se samajha kara unase kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita na hote hue saMyamamArga meM sthira rahe / ___ inase Age kI tIna gAthAoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki mahA zabda kA prAdhAnya artha meM aura parimAraNa artha meM bhI prayoga hotA hai| isa prakAra dravya, kSetra kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se jo prAdhAnyatA meM mahAn hoM vahAM mahA zabda prAdhAnyatA kA dyotaka aura dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI dRSTi se jahAM, AkAra, prakAra, parimAraNa, bhAra Adi kA bodha karAne ke liye mahA zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAyagA vahAM vaha parimAraNa kA bodhaka hogaa| isase Age kI tIna gAthAoM meM parijJA ke dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI dRSTi se bheda upabheda batAne ke pazcAt bhAvaparijJA ko mUlaguNa evaM uttaraguraNa ke bheda se do prakAra kA, mUla guNa bhAvaparijJA ko pAMca prakAra kA aura uttara guNa bhAvaparijJA ko do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai aura yaha kahA gayA hai ki prAdhAnyatA kI dRSTi se donoM prakAra kI parijJAoM meM jo sarvottama parijJAna hotA hai use mahAparijJA kahate haiN| 'isa adhyayana kI niyukti kI aMtima gAthA meM sAdhaka ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha mana, vacana aura kAya se pUrNatayA devAMganA, mAnavAMganA evaM tiryaMcAMganA kA parityAga kre| ' sama: tvayaM-saMyamAdi guNayuktasya kadAcitmohasamutthA parISahopasargA vA prAdurbhaveyuste sa, bohvyaa| [prAcArAMga, zIlAMkAcAryakRta TIkA, pR08] 2 sa... / / tiSNipaliyA, sIyaMparIsaha hIyAsaNaM dhuvaNaM / sUImAdiyANaM, sannihI aTThavaDiyA / / 6 / / prAsaMdIya prakaraNaM uvaesANaM nikAyaNA ceva / / saMlehaNiyA aiyA, bhattapariNaMtakiriyA ya // 61 / / pAhatthe mahAsado parimANo ceva hoi nAyavyo / pAhaNe parimANe ya chaviha. hoi niklevo / / 62 / / dabve khette kAle, bhAvaMmi ya hoMti yA pahANAu / tesiM mahAsaddo khalu, pAhaNeNaM tu nippanno / / 63 / /

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mAcArAMga) kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA ___ mahAparijJA adhyayana para dI haI uparilikhita ha niryakti-gAthAoM se isa adhyayana ke viSaya para spaSTa rUpa se pUrNa prakAza to nahIM par3atA para itanA saMketa avazya milatA hai ki isa adhyayana meM sAdhaka ko apane sampUrNa sAdhaka jIvana meM pratipala pratipada para sajaga rahane, sAdhvAcAra tathA sAdhvAcAra ke aticAroM ko viziSTa prajJA dvArA bhalIbhAMti samajhakara tIvra moha ke udaya se utpanna sabhI prakAra ke yauna athavA anya parISahoM evaM upasargoM se kiMcitmAtra bhI calita na ho brahmaniSTha, AtmaniSTha aura saMyamaniSTha rahane kA upAyoM sahita upadeza diyA gayA thaa| lupta hue "mahAparijJA" adhyayana meM kina-kina viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA thA isa sambandha meM uparyullikhita TIkA, riNa evaM niyukti ke ullekhoM ke atirikta eka aura bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa ullekha AcArAMga-dvitIya zrutaskandha kI niyukti tathA TIkA meM upalabdha hotA hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI "saptasaptikA" nAma kI dvitIyA cUlA ke sAtoM adhyayanoM kI racanA AcArAMga prathama zrutaskandha ke mahAparijJA nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana ke sAtoM uddezakoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai|' niyuktikAra aura TIkAkAra, donoM ne hI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko prAcArAMga aura dvitIya zrutaskandha ko prAcArAgra batAte hue kahA hai ki navabrahmacaryAdhyayanAtmaka AcArAMga meM sAdhuoM ke jAnane yogya sabhI bAteM nahIM batAI jA sakI haiM tathA aneka bAteM saMkSepa meM batAI gaI haiN| ziSyoM ko una saba Avazyaka jJeya vastuoM kA spaSTarUpeNa bodha ho jAya isa dRSTi se caturdazapUrvadhara sthaviroM ne danve. khette kAle bhAvaMmiya je bhave mahaMtAu / tesu mahAsaddo khalu, pamANau hoMti nippaNNo // 64 / / dave khette kAle, bhAve pariNNA ya bodhavvA / jANaNa uvavakkhaNau ya, duvihA puNekkekkA // 65 // bhAvapariNA duvihA, mUlaguNe ceva uttaraguNe ya / mUlaguNe paMcavihA, duvihA puNa uttaraguNesu // 66 / / pAhaNANa upamayaM bhAva, pariNNAe taha ya duvihaae| pariNANesu pahANe, mahApariNA tau hoi // 67 / / devINaM maNuINaM, tirikkhajoriNagayANa itthIraNaM / tiviheNa parivvAu, mahApariNAe nijjuttI // 68 / / __ [prAcArAMga-niyukti (prathama zrutaskadha)] ' sattekANi sattavi, NijjUDhAI mahApariNApro / ......... / / 6 / / [AcArAMga niyukti, zruta0 2] (kha) tathA mahAparijJAdhyayana saptodde zakAstebhyaH pratyeka saptApi saptakakA nivyUMDhA / [zIlAMkAcAryakRta AcArAMga TIkA, pR0 4]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pAcArAMga una navabrahmacaryAdhyayanoM meM se, ukta, anukta athavA saMkSepa se kahI gaI bAtoM ko lekara dvitIya zrutaskandharUpa prAcArAgra kI vistArapUrvaka racanA kii|' niyuktikAra aura TIkAkAra ke isa kathana se yaha spaSTa niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki mahAparijJA adhyayana ke sAta uddezakoM meM. jina viSayoM kA vivecana vivakSita thA athavA jina viSayoM kA saMkSepataH ullekha kiyA gayA unhIM sAtoM adhyayanoM meM pratipAdita viSayoM ke AdhAra para prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI dvitIyA cUlA ke sAta adhyayanoM kI racanA kI gii| isakA sIdhA sA artha yaha huA ki dvitIyA cUlA ke sAta adhyayanoM meM jo viSaya haiM ve to kama se kama, saMkSepataH avazya hI mahAparijJA adhyayana ke sAta uddezakoM meM pratipAdita kiye gaye the| mahAparijJA adhyayana meM maMtra-vidyA ___ yadyapi prAcArAMga niyukti, zIlAMkakRta prAcArAMga TIkA, jinadAsa gaNi dvArA racita AcArAMga riNa aura anya prAgamika granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA para pAramparika prasiddha janazruti ke AdhAra para yaha mAnyatA calI A rahI hai ki prAcArAMga sUtra ke "mahAparijJA" adhyayana meM aneka mantroM aura var3I mahatvapUrNa vidyAoM kA samAveza thaa| una mantroM aura viziSTa vidyAnoM kA svalpa satva, dhairya evaM gAmbhIrya vAle sAdhaka kahIM durupayoga na kara leM isa janahita kI bhAvanA se pUrvakAla ke prAcAryoM ne apane ziSyoM ko isa adhyayana kI vAcanA denA banda kara diyA aura isake pariMgAmasvarUpa zanaiH zanaiH kAlakrama se mahAparijJA adhyayana vilupta ho gyaa| isa paramparAgata prasiddha janazruti ko ekAntataH avizvasanIya kiMvadantI kI gagAnA meM bhI nahIM rakhA jA sakatA kyoMki AcArya vajrasvAmI ne mahAparijJA adhyayana se AkAzagAminI vidyA kI upalabdhi kI, isa prakAra kA ullekha aneka granthoM meM Aja bhI upalabdha hotA hai / 2 AcArAMga riNakAra ne likhA hai - "vinA prAjJA, vinA anumati ke. mahAparijJA adhyayana ' (ka) aAyArAu attho pAyAraggesu pavibhatto / / 3 / / [prAcArAMga-niyukti, zrutaskaMdha 2] (kha) tatrAdye zrutaskandhe navavaryAdhyayanAni pratipAditAni teSu ca na samasto'pi vivakSi to'rtho'bhihito... 'saMkSepoktasya prapaMcAya tadaprabhUtAzcatasra-cUr3A... ziSyahitaM bhavatviti kRtvA anugrahArtha tathA aprakaTo'rtha prakaTo yathAsyAdityevamayaM ca kuto nivyUMTa: ? yAcArAta sakAzAt samasto'pyathaM prAcArAgreSu vistareNa pravibhakta iti / zIlAMkAcAryakRta TIkA, zru0 2, pR0 4] 2 (ka) jeguriyA vijjA, grAgAmagamA mahAparinnAgro / vaMdAmi graja vaDara, apacchimo jo supradharAga / / 766 // yAvazyaka malaya, upodghAta, pR0 360 (1)] (ba) mahAparijJAdhyayanAda, grAcArAMgAtarasthitAt / zrI vajra gaNoddhatA vidyA tadA gaganagAminI / / 148 // (prabhAvaka caritra

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67 bhAcArAMga kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA nahIM par3hA jAtA (thaa)|" isase bhI thor3A AbhAsa hotA hai ki mahAparijJA adhyayana meM kucha isa prakAra kI viziSTa bAteM thIM jinakA bodha sAdhAraNa sAdhaka ke liye varjanIya thaa| mAThavAM adhyayana pAThaveM adhyayana ke do nAma haiM vimokSa aura vimoha / isake madhya meM "icceyaM vimohAyayaNaM" tathA "aNupumveNa vimohAI" aura anta meM-"vimohannayaraM hiyaM"- ina padoM meM vimoha zabda kA prayoga hone ke kAraNa saMbhavataH isa adhyayana kA nAma vimoha adhyayana rakhA gayA ho| arthataH ina donoM zabdoM meM koI vizeSa antara pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki vimokSa kA artha hai saba prakAra ke saMga se pRthak ho jAnA aura vimoha kA artha hai moha rahita honaa| isa adhyayana meM ye donoM zabda samasta aihika saMsargoM ke parityAga ke artha meM prayukta hue haiN| isa adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM zramaNoM ke liye nirdeza hai ki ve apane se bhinna AcAra, bhinnaM dharmavAle sAdhuoM ke sAtha na prazana-pAna kareM aura na vastra, pAtra, kaMbala, pAdapuMchanaka, nimantraNa, Adara-samAdara, sevA-zuzrUSA Adi kA AdAnapradAna hI kreN| isameM sadA saba prakAra ke pApoM se bacate rahane ke Adeza ke sAtha kahA gayA hai ki vivekapUrvaka saba pApa-karmoM ko samyakapeNa samajhate hue kisI bhI dazA meM pApa na karanA hI vAstavika dharma hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM sAdhu ko yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha akalpanIya vastu ko kisI bhI dazA meM grahaNa na kare mora usa prakAra kI sthiti meM yadi koI gRhastha aprasanna ho kara tAr3ana-tarjana prAdi bhayaMkara kaSTa bhI deM to sAdhu zAntacitta aura samabhAva se una parISahoM ko sahana kre| tIsare uddezaka meM ekacaryA, bhikSulakSaNa prAdi kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt kahA gayA hai ki yadi kisI sAdhu ke zarIra-kampana ko dekha kara kisI gRhastha ke mana meM isa prakAra kI zaMkA utpanna ho jAya ki kAmottejanA ke kAraNa usakA zarIra kAMpa rahA hai to usa sAdhu ko cAhiye ki usa gRhastha kI usa zaMkA kA samIcIna rUpeNa samAdhAna kare / cauye uddezaka meM eka prabhigrahadhArI muni ke vastra, pAtra prAdi kI maryAdA ke ullekha ke sAtha sAdhu ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha jinendra bhagavAn dvArA pratipAdita muni kI sacelaka tathA acelaka avasthAmoM ko samabhAvapUrvaka acchI taraha se jAne aura smjhe| isameM sAdhaka ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki una viSama paristhitiyoM meM jaba ki saMyama kI rakSA sabhI taraha se asaMbhava pratIta hone lage athavA strI Adi kA anukUla yA pratikUla upasarga upasthita hone para use apane saMyama ke bhaMga hone kI pUrI saMbhAvanA ho to usa prakAra kI viSama paristhitiyoM meM vaha viveka evaM samabhAvapUrvaka prANoM ke moha kA parityAga kara saharSa mRtyu kA baraNa kre|

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68 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga pAcArAMga pAMcaveM uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki do vastra evaM eka pAtradhArI, eka sATakadhArI athavA' acela sAdhaka samabhAva se parISahoM ko sahana kre| vibhinna abhigrahadhArI sAdhu jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita dharma ko acchI taraha jAnatA humA apane abhigraha kA yathArtharUpa se pAlana kare aura bhaktaparijJA dvArA anta meM samAdhipUrvaka prANatyAga kare / chaThe uddezaka meM sAdhu ko upadeza diyA gayA hai ki yadi usane eka vastra aura eka pAtra rakhane kA abhigraha kiyA hai to zItAdi parISahoM ke samupasthita hone para dUsare vastra athavA pAtra kI kAMkSA na kre| isa uddezaka meM vastra, pAtra Adi kI lAghavatA evaM prAtmalAghavatA arthAt-maiM ekAkI hUM, na to merA koI hai aura na maiM kisI kA hUM- isa prakAra kI bhAvanA ko tapa aura prAtmavikAsa kA sAdhana batAyA gayA hai| isameM sAdhu ko yaha bhI upadeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha rasa kA AsvAdana nahIM karate hue pAhAra kare aura jaba use vizvAsa ho jAya ki saMyamasAdhanA ke kaThora kriyAnuSThAnoM kA pAlana karate hue athavA rogAdi ke kAraNa usakA zarIra atyaMta kSINa evaM azakta ho gayA hai to vaha kisI gRhastha se nirdoSa ghAsa kI yAcanA kara jIvajantu rahita ekAnta sthAna meM bhUmi ko parimArjita kara tRNazayyA bichAye aura usa para zAnti evaM samatApUrvaka iMgitamaraNa svIkAra kre| sAtaveM uddezaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo pratimAsampanna acelaka sAdhu saMyama meM avasthita hai usake mana meM yadi isa prakAra ke vicAra utpanna hoM ki vaha tRNasparza, zIta, uSNa, DAMsa macchara Adi ke parISahoM ko sahana karane meM to samartha hai para lajjA ko jItane meM asamartha hai to usa sthiti meM use kaTibandha dhAraNa karanA kalpatA hai|' saMyamasAdhanA athavA rogAdi ke kAraNa bala tathA zarIra ke atyadhika kSINa ho jAne kI dazA meM sAdhu ke liye isa uddezaka meM vidhAna kiyA gayA hai ki vaha guphA Adi prAzuka sthAna meM gRhastha. se yAcanA kara lAye hue tRNoM kI zayyA bichA usa para kaTI huI lakar3I kI taraha nizcala ho pAdopagamana anazana kre| ___ AThaveM uddezaka meM paMDitamaraNa kA bar3A hI hRdayasparzI varNana karate hue, batAyA gayA hai ki nirantara saMyama kI kaThora sAdhanA karate hue athavA asAdhya roga se zarIra itanA nirbala ho jAya ki svAdhyAyAdi saMyamasAdhanA kA bhI sAmarthya na rahe to muni pUrvavaNita vidhi se jIvajanturahita ekAnta sthAna meM tRNAsana bichA kara bAhyAbhyaMtara granthiyoM ke parityAga ke sAtha zAnta citta se anazana svIkAra kare / bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMgita maraNa aura pAdopagamana-ina tIna prakAra ke santhAroM ' je bhikkhu acele parivusie tassa raNaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavai cAemi ahaM taNaphAsa ahiyAsittae, sIyaphAsaM ahiyAsittae..................hiripaDicchAyaNaM ca haM no saMcAemi ahiyAsittae, evaM se kappei kaDibandharaNaM dhArittae // 220 // (prAcA0, pra. 6 u0)

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pAcArAMga] kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 89 meM pahale se dUsare aura dUsare se tIsare ko zreSTha batAte hue sAdhaka ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha jIvana aura maraNa donoM meM samAna rUpa se anAsakta rahate hue na jIne kI abhilASA kare aura na marane kI prArthanA hii| vaha prAtmacintana ke atirikta mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika sabhI prakAra ke vyApAra ko banda kara kevala AtmaramaNa karatA humA ghora se ghora upasarga upasthita hone para bhI zAnta, dAnta evaM sthira rahe / pranazanAvasthA meM usake zarIra ke mAMsa kA madi hiMsra pazu bhakSaNa kareM yA usake rakta kA pAna kareM to usa hiMsA-janya vedanA ko apanI AtmA ke liye amRtasiMcana tulya samajha kara samabhAva se aMtima sAMsa taka apane karmoM kI nirjarA karatA rhe| yadi use usa avasthA meM mAnavopabhogya athavA devopabhogya kamanIya se kamanIya bhogoM kA bhI pralobhana diyA jAya to vaha unako grahaNa karane kI icchA taka na kare aura moharahita ho kara uparokta tIna prakAra ke anazanoM meM se yathAzakti kisI eka anazana ko hitakArI samajha kara svIkAra kre| nauvAM adhyayana nauveM upadhAnazruta nAmaka adhyayana meM mukhya rUpa se bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA varNana hai| yaha pUrA adhyayana gAthAtmaka hai| isameM eka bhI sUtra nahIM hai / isake 4 uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA dIkSA se do varSa pUrva sacitta kA tyAga, dIkSAnantara vihAra, parapAtra evaM paravastra kA tyAga aura 13 mAsa pazcAt devadUSya vastra kA parityAga batAyA gayA hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kevala pUrva-tIrthakaroM kI paramparA kA nirvahana karane ke liye hI devadUSya vastra svIkAra kiyA para zIta evaM daMsa-mazakajanya parISahoM se bacane ke liye unhoMne usakA kabhI upayoga nahIM kiyaa| dUsare aura tIsare uddezaka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ko kina-kina vikaTa kSetroM meM vihAra kara kaise-kaise sthAnoM meM rahanA par3A aura unheM vahAM kitane prasahya evaM ghora parISaha sahana karane pdd'e| cauthe uddezaka meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI ghora tapazcaryAnoM ke varNana ke sAthasAtha yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki unheM bhikSA meM kisa-kisa prakAra kA rUkSa evaM nIrasa bhojana milA, kitanA samaya unhoMne nirAhAra raha kara tathA kitanA samaya binA pAnI ke bitaayaa| anArya deza meM bihAra ke samaya vahAM ke nivAsiyoM dvArA prabha ko diye gaye bhISaNa kaSToM ke hRdayadrAvI varNana ke sAtha isameM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra una asahya parISahoM se kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue| - isa prakAra prAcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM adhyayana aura navoM madhyayanoM ke kula 51 uddezaka haiN| mahAparijJA adhyayana aura usake sAtoM uddezakoM ke vilupta ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM prathama zrutaskandha ke 8 adhyayana aura 44 uddezaka hI upalabdha haiN|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mAcArAMga dvitIya taskandha niyuktikAra ke matAnusAra AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kI 5 cUlikAeM mAnI gaI haiM unameM se prathama cAra cUlikAeM hI vidyamAna haiM tathA nizItha nAma kI pAMcavIM cUlikA vistRta hone ke kAraNa saMbhavataH niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAla se pahale hI AcArAMga se alaga kI jA kara nizItha nAmaka zAstra ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kara dI gaI thii| kyoMki nandisUtra meM isakA nizItha ke nAma se tathA sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga evaM niyukti meM isakA prAcArakalpa athavA prAcAraprakalpa ke nAma se ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / prathama cUlikA meM piNDaSaNA Adi sAta adhyayana aura unake kula milA kara 25 uddezaka haiN| piNDaSaNA nAmaka isake prathama adhyayana meM nirdoSa mAhArapAnI kisa prakAra prApta karanA, bhikSA ke samaya kisa prakAra calanA, kisa prakAra kI bhASA bolanA, kisa prakAra pAhAra prApta karanA Adi kA varNana hai| zayyaSaNA nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM sadoSa-nirdoSa upAzraya kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| tIsare IyaSaNA adhyayana meM calane kI vidhi aura apavAda kAla meM nAva meM baiThane kI vidhi batAI gaI hai| cauthe bhASeSaNA adhyayana meM vaktA ke liye 16 vacanoM kI jAnakArI mAvazyaka batAte hae krodhotpatti ke kAraNoM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM vastraSaNA adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhu ko kisa prakAra vastra grahaNa karane caahiye| chaThe pAtraSaNA nAmaka adhyayana meM pAtra-graharaNa kI vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM avagrahaiSaraNA nAmaka adhyayana meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zramaNa ko apane sAvadhi nivAsArtha kisa taraha kA maryAdita sthAna kisa prakAra prApta karanA aura usameM kisa prakAra rahanA Adi / yaha pUrI cUlikA gadyAtmaka hai| dvitIya cUlikA meM bhI sthAna, niSIdhikA Adi 7 adhyayana haiM jo sabhI uddezakarahita haiN| pahale adhyayana meM kAyotsarga (dhyAna) Adi kI dRSTi se upayukta sthAna tathA dUsare adhyayana meM niSIdhikA kI prApti ke sambandha meM nirdeza diyA gayA hai| tIsare adhyayana meM dIrghazaMkA tathA laghuzaMkA ke sthAna ke bAre meM nirUpaNa hai| cauthe tathA pAMcaveM adhyayana meM kramazaH zabda aura rUpa ke prati rAga-dveSa rahita rahane kA zramaNa ke liye vidhAna hai| dvitIya cUlikA bhI pUrI gadyamaya hai| tIsarI "bhAvanA" nAmaka cUlikA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbhAvataraNa, garbha-sAharaNa, janma, janmotsava, nAmakaraNa, tIna nAma, mAtA-pitA-pitRvya ke nAma, bahina, bhAI, bhAryA, putrI evaM dohitrI ke nAma, mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa, varSIdAna aura sAdhanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM pratyeka mahAvrata kI pAMcapAMca bhAvanAoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa cUlikA meM cauvIsa gAthAeM aura zeSa saba gadya-pATha haiN|

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pAcArAMga] kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA cauthI "vimukti" nAmaka cUlikA meM vItarAga svarUpa kA upamAnoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa cUlikA meM kevala 11 gAthAeM haiN| isa prakAra prAcArAMga sUtra ke donoM zrutaskandhoM ke kula milA kara 25 adhyayana aura 85 uddezaka hote haiM para prathama zrutaskandha ke mahAparijJA nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana ke lupta ho jAne ke kAraNa vartamAna meM sampUrNa prAcArAMga ke do zrutaskandha, 24 adhyayana aura 78 uddezaka hI upalabdha haiN| gommaTasAra, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, aMgapaNNatti, rAjavArtika Adi digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM prAcArAMga ke viSayoM kA paricaya karAte hue batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArAMga meM mana, vacana, kAya, bhikSA, IryA, utsarga, zayanAsana evaM vinaya ina pATha prakAra kI zuddhiyoM kA vidhAna hai| samIcInatayA vicAra kiyA jAya to yaha kathana prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha para pUrI taraha ghaTita hotA hai| vastuta prAcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandha meM prAcAra para vizeSa bala diyA jA kara usake pratyeka pahalU para pUrNarUpeNa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa "piNDaSaNA" nAmaka adhyayana meM zramaNoM ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki unakA mAhAra kisa prakAra kA honA cAhiye, unheM kisa prakAra, kisa samaya aura kisa sthAna para AhAra lenA evaM usakA upayoga karanA caahiye| zayaSaNA nAmaka pradhyayana meM vistAra ke sAtha pUrNa spaSTa rUpa se sAdhu ko nirdeza diye gaye haiM ki use kisa-kisa prakAra ke nirdoSa sthAna meM ThaharanA cAhiye aura kisa-kisa prakAra ke sthAna se sadA bacate rahanA cAhiye / ina saba nirdezoM ke sAtha hI sAtha gamanAgamana kI dUriyoM ke sambandha meM, bhASA, pAtra, vastra, avagraha evaM sthAna kA parisImana, khar3e rahane ke sthAna, malotsargasthAna, zabda ke prati virati, rUpa ke prati anAsakti, sAdhuoM kI aharniza kriyAeM, mahAvIra-caritra aura paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAmoM kA dvitIya zrutaskandha meM samyagarUpeNa pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAra kauna yaha pahale sapramAraNa batAyA jA cukA hai ki sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI arthataH bhagavAn mahAvIra kI aura zabdataH gaNadharoM kI kRti hai / isake sAtha hI sAtha samavAyAMga' paura nandisUtra meM jo pAcArAMga kA paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM samAna rUpa se donoM zru taskandhoM, adhyayanoM, uddezanakAloM, samudde zanakAloM aura padasaMkhyA ko prAcArAMga kA abhinna svarUpa mAnate hue spaSTarUpeNa kahA gayA hai- "prAcArAMga aMga kI apekSA se prathama aMga hai, isameM do zrutaskandha, 25 adhyayana, 85 uddezanakAla aura 18000 pada haiN|" yadi AcArAMga sUtra kA dvitIya zrutaskandha prarthataH bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA kathita aura zabdataH gaNadharoM dvArA prathita nahIM hotA to ise prAgamoM ke mUla pATha meM isa prakAra AcArAMga kA abhinna aMga kadApi svIkAra 'samavAyAMga (rAya dhanapatisiMha dvArA prakAzita), patra 166 (1) 2 nambI sUtra (pU. pAsIlAlajI ma.) pR0 548 -

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArAMga nahIM kiyA jaataa| isa prakAra kI spaSTa evaM nirvivAda sthiti meM isa taraha ke kisI prazna ke liye kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza nahIM rahatA ki dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAra kauna haiN| vastutaH mUla Agama meM kahIM aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA jisase svalpamAtra bhI aisA AbhAsa hotA ho ki AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskaMdha AcArAMga kA abhinna aMga na ho kara AcArAgra, prAcArAMga kA pariziSTa athavA pazcAdvartI kAla meM jor3A huaA bhAga ho / ... aisI spaSTa sthiti meM yaha prazna kaba aura kisa prakAra utpanna huA isa para sabhI dRSTiyoM se samIcInatayA vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcArAMga sUtra kI padasaMkhyA ke sambandha meM vicAra karate samaya AcArAMga-niyuktikAra ne sarvaprathama apanA yaha abhimata rakhA ki samavAyAMga aura nandI sUtra meM prAcArAMga kA jo pada parimAraNa 18000 pada batAyA gayA hai- "vaha kevala navabrahmacaryAdhyayana nAmaka prAcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA hI padaparimAraNa hai| pAMca cUlikAoM sahita prAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA to 18000 se bahuta adhika aura adhikatara hai|'' "18,000 padasaMkhyA prAcArAMga ke kevala nava brahmacaryAdhyayanoM kI hI hai na ki dvitIya zrutaskaMdha sahita prAcArAMga kI"-apanI isa AgamoM. ke ullekhoM se viparIta mAnyatA kI puSTi meM na to niyuktikAra ne kisI Agamika AdhAra kA hI ullekha kiyA hai aura na apane kisI pUrvavartI prAcArya ke etadviSayaka abhimata . kA hii| yahI nahIM, unhoMne Agama ke usa mUlapATha kI prAmANikatA athavA aprAmANikatA ke sambandha meM bhI niyukti meM apanA koI mantavya abhivyakta nahIM kiyA hai jisameM spaSTa rUpa se eka cUlikA vAle prAcAMrAMga kI nimnalikhita zabdoM meM 18,000 padasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai : "prAyArassa NaM bhagavano sacUlipAgassa aTThArasapayasahassANi payaggeNaM pnnnnttaaii|" yadi yaha kahA jAya ki isa nirNAyaka aura atyadhika mahatvapUrNa tathya para niyuktikAra kA mauna vastutaH unake pakSa kI nirbalatA kA bahuta bar3A pramANa hai, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| saMbhavataH samavAyAMga ke uparokta sUtra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ho prAcArya zIlAMka ne prAcArAMga TIkA meM isa prazna para apanA koI abhimata vyakta nahIM kiyA hai ki 18,000 padapramANa kevala AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA hai athavA do zrutaskandhAtmaka sampUrNa prAcArAMga kA / ___ nandIsUtra ke cUrNikAra ne niyuktikAra kI mAnyatA kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai - "18,000 padasaMkhyA navabrahmacaryAdhyayanarUpa prathama zrutaskandha kI hai, sUtroM ke artha vividha-vicitra hote haiM, guru ke mukha se hI unakA artha samajhanA caahiye|" 'prAcArAMga niyukti (1 zrutaskaMdha), gAthA 11 2 samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 18 . 3 aTThArasa payasahassANi puraNa paDhamasuyakkhaMghassa, navabaMbhaceramaiyassa pamANaM vicittatthANi ya sutANi gurUvaesamo tesiM pratyo jANipravo / [naMdI-bUriNa]

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prAcArAMga ] kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmAM isa prakAra nandI - cUriMgakAra ne bhI koI prAgamika athavA anya AdhAra prastuta nahIM kiyA hai ki kisa AdhAra para ve apanA yaha mantavya abhivyakta kara rahe haiM / uparokta sUtra meM prayukta "sacUligrAgassa" - isa pada para bhI unhoMne koI prakAza nahIM DAlA hai / navAMgI TIkAkAra zrabhayadeva sUri ne samavAyAMga sUtra kI samavAya saMkhyA 18 ke uparokta sUtra kI TIkA meM nirmuktikAra kI mAnyatA kA samarthana karate hue eka navIna yukti bhI prastuta kI hai- "cUlikAnoM sahita AcAra nAmaka prathama aMga kI dvitIya zrutaskaMdhAtmikA piNDeSaraNA Adi pAMca cUlAeM haiN| vaha prathama aMga AcAra navabrahmacaryAdhyayanAtmaka prathama zrutaskaMdha svarUpa hI hai / usa hI kA yaha padapramAraNa hai na ki cUlAoM kA / jaisA ki niyuktikAra ne kahA hai divis navabhaceramo, aTThArasa payasahassiyo vedyo / havai ya sapaMca cUlo, bahu bahutaramro payaggeNaM // ti / jo 'saMcUlikAkasya' zabda kA isa sUtra meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai vaha isa prathamAMga kA vizeSaraNa hai aura vaha cUlikAoM ke astitva ko siddha karane ke liye prayukta kiyA gayA hai na ki cUlikAoM kA padapramAraNa batAne ke liye / " isake pazcAt unhoMne nandI - TIkAkAra ( cUrNikAra) ke uparokta abhimata ko doharAyA hai / ' kevala prathama zrutaskaMdha ko hI 18000 padasaMkhyA vAlA zrAcArAMga tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ko paMcacalAtmaka batA kara use AcArAMga se bhinna pracArAgra athavA AcArAMga kA pariziSTa siddha karane kI dRSTi se "kevala cUlikAnoM kA astitva batAne ke liye vizeSaraNa ke rUpa meM 'sacUlikAkasya' zabda kA prayoga isa sUtra meM kiyA gayA hai" - navAMgI TIkAkAra dvArA isa sUtra kA isa prakAra kA kiyA gayA artha sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa bhASAvid ko bhI mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / yadi AgamakAra ko isa sUtra kA isa prakAra kA artha abhipreta hotA to ve nizcita rUpa se "salikAkasya" ke sthAna para isa sUtra meM "cUlikAvarjasya" zabda kA prayoga karate / para na isa sUtra kI zabda racanA ko dekhate hue isa prakAra kA artha kiMvA jAnA saMbhava hai aura na sUtrakAra kA hI isa prakAra kA abhiprAya thA / AgamakAra to yahI batAnA cAhate the ki cUlikAvAle AcArAMga kA padaparimANa 18,005 pada haiM aura unhoMne apane isa abhiprAya ko isa sarala sUtra ke mAdhyama se spaSTa zabdoM meM prakaTa kara diyA - "AyArassa gaM bhagavaoo sacUliyAgassa aTThArasa sahassAraNa payaggeNaM paNNattAiM / " vAMgI TIkAkAra dvArA prastuta kI gaI yukti ke kevala kucha hI aMza se hama sAbhAra sahamata haiM / uparokta sUtra meM "sacUlizrAgassa" zabda kA prayoga nizcita rUpa se do zrutaskaMdhAtmaka prAcArAMga ke vizeSaraNa ke rUpa meM kevala usakI eka 1 samavAyAMga TIkA ( prabhayadevasUrikRtA), rAya dhanapatisiMha dvArA prakAzita patra 54 ( 2 )

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mAcArAMga cUlikA kA astitva mAtra prakaTa karane ke liye hI kiyA gayA hai, isakA padasaMkhyA se sIdhA koI saMbandha nhiiN| vastutaH yaha eka tathya hai ki prAcArAMga kI usa eka cUlikA ke padoM kI saMkhyA ko do zrutaskaMdhAtmaka AcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki vaha AcArAMga se pragAr3harUpeNa sambandhita hote hue bhI pUrva-jJAna kA aMza hone ke kAraNa pAcarAMga se pUrNataH pRthak evaM bhinna hai| pAgama meM kahIM ullekha nahIM hai ki prAcArAMga kI pAMca cUlikAeM haiN| yaha to niyuktikAra kI apanI svayaM kI svatantra kalpanA hai| prAgama dvArA asamarthita niyuktikAra kI isa svakalpita mAnyatA se prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa hI abhayadeva sUri ne AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ko paMcacUlAtmaka mAnA hai aura apanI isa pahale se hI banI huI dhAraNA ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne isa sUtra kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai - "dvitIya zrutaskandharUpI pAMca cUlAoM vAle prathama zrutaskandhAtmaka prAcArAMga bhagavAn ke 18 hajAra pada haiN|" yadi ve mUla Agama (samavAyAMga evaM nandI sUtra) ke dvAdazAMgI paricAyaka pATha se prabhAvita hote to isa sUtra kA artha nimnalikhita rUpa meM karate : "eka cUlikA vAle do zrutaskaMdhAtmaka prAcArAMga bhagavAn ke 18,000 pada haiN|" yahI artha sahI aura saMgata bhI hotA kyoMki "pAyArassa bhagavano" - yaha pada do zrutaskaMdhAtmaka prAcArAMga kA paricAyaka hai na ki eka zrutaskaMdhAtmaka prAcArAMga kaa| aura prAcAraprAbhUta AcArAMga kI eka aisI cUlA hai jisakI padasaMkhyA AcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA meM na kabhI sammilita thI aura na hai| ___"sUtroM ke artha vicitra aura gUDhArtha bhare hote haiM, guru ke upadeza se hI unake artha ko samajhanA cAhiye"-isa prakAra kI ukti kA avalambana lekara mUla Agama ke pATha kI tulanA meM niyuktikAra ke abhimata ko prazraya dete hue kevala prathama zrutaskandha ko hI 18000 padavAlA pUrNa prAcArAMga tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ko usakA paMcacUlAtmaka AcArAgra athavA pariziSTa mAtra batAte samaya TIkAkAra ke pAsa niryakti ke atirikta aura kyA prAdhAra thA, yaha vicAraNIya hote hue bhI spaSTa hai| kevala isa sUtra meM hI nahIM isa sUtra se Age koTAkoTi samavAya ke pazcAt prAgamoM kA paricaya dete hue samavAyAMga meM aura nandI sUtra meM jaisA ki pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArAMga meM do zrutaskandha, 21 adhyayana. 85 uddezanakAla aura 85 samuddezanakAla haiM tathA usakI padasaMkhyA 18,000 hai| donoM zrutaskandhAtmaka prAcArAMga ke 18 hajAra pada haiM - isa prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha pAgama ke mUla pAThoM meM do sthAna para kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI "vicittatthAgi ya muttAgi" isa pada kA avalambana lekara.mahajasugama spaSTa sUtroM kA artha isa prakAra badalane kI prakriyA ko yadi mAnya kiyA jAne lage to nizcita rUpa se isakA pariNAma antatogatvA bar3A bhayAvaha hogaa|

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65 pAcArAMga kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA prAcArAMga kI hI taraha do zrutaskandha vAle anya bhI pAgama haiM para unake sambandha meM prathama zrataskandha se dvitIya zrataskandha kI pathaka padasaMkhyA kI isa prakAra kI mAnyatA ko kahIM nahIM apanAyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga, jJAtRdharmakathA, praznavyAkaraNa aura vipAka-ina cAroM aMgoM ke padaparimANa pratyeka ke donoM zrutaskandhoM ko milA kara hI mAne gaye haiN| aisI sthiti meM kevala prAcArAMga ke donoM zrataskaMdhoM kA padaparimAraNa pRthaka-pRthaka batAte hue kevala prathama zrutaskandha kAhI padaparimAraNa 18,000 pada kisa kAraNa mAnA hai, yaha samajha meM nahIM. pAtA / isakA spaSTIkaraNa na niyuktikAra ne kiyA hai, na cUriNakAra ne athavA kisI vRttikAra ne aura na isakA koI prAdhAra kahIM khojane para upalabdha hI hotA hai| digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha dhavalA aura aMgapaNNattI meM bhI prAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 mAnI gaI hai tathA una granthoM meM prAcArAMga ke viSayoM kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai vahaH AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM pratipAdita viSayoM se prAyaH pUrI taraha milatA-julatA hai| ina saba tathyoM para gambhIratA aura niSpakSatApUrvaka vicAra karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki AgamoM ke mUla pATha meM do zrutaskandha aura 25 adhyayanAtmaka sampUrNa prAcArAMga kI jo 18,000 padasaMkhyA batAI gaI hai vahI pUrNarUperaNa, sahI, prAmANika aura mAnya haiN| yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki Agama sarvopari hai aura niyuktiyoM, cUNiyoM aura TIkAmoM kI tulanA meM nizcita rUpa se sarvataH sarvAdhika prAmANika bhii| aba yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) tathA TIkAkAra AcArya abhayadeva aura cUrNikAra jaise prAgamaniSNAta, evaM vidvAn paramaSiyoM ne Agama ke ullekha se bhinna isa prakAra kI mAnyatA AkhirakAra kyoM abhivyakta kI ? dayoMki unhoMne isakA koI prAdhAra yA kAraNa apanI racanAoM meM nahIM likhA hai isaliye nizcita rUpa se to kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha eka aisA jaTila prazna hai jo zatAbdiyoM se vicArakoM ke mastiSka meM aneka prakAra kI kalpanAoM aura UhApohoM kA janaka banA huA hai| isa prazna kA samIcInatayA samAdhAna na ho pAne ke kAraNa hI Agamika itihAsavidoM ke samakSa aAja bhI eka ulajhana bharI aitihAsika gutthI anabujhI pahelI kA rUpa dhAraNa kiye upasthita hai| vaha jaTila aitihAsika gutthI yaha hai ki - prAcArAMga ke padaparimANa viSayaka prazna ko hala karane ke prayAsa meM sarvaprathama niyuktikAra ne aura tadanantara niyuktikAra kA anusaraNa karate hue cUriNakAra, TIkAkAra aura vRttikAra Adi ne binA kisI prAmANika AdhAra ke apanI eka aisI mAnyatA abhivyakta kara dI jo Agama ke ullekhoM se viparIta hai / niyuktikAra, vRttikAra Adi ne yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki gaNadhara kRta prAcArAMga to navabrahmacaryAdhyayanAtmaka hI hai aura kevala usI kA padaparimAraNa 18,000 pada hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha AcArAMga nahIM apitu sthavirakRta AcArAgra

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArAMgahai jisameM navabrahmacaryAdhyayanoM meM saMkSepataH ullikhita tathyoM kA vizada vyAkhyAtmaka vivecana mAtra hai| kevala yahI nahIM unhoMne apanI mora se yaha mAnyatA bhI prakaTa kI hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha 5 cUlAoM meM vibhakta hai| isakI padasaMkhyA prathama zrutaskandha se adhika aura adhikatara hai / ' - niyuktikAra prAdi ke AgamoM se bhinna isa abhimata kA anukaraNa karate hue haramana jaikobI Adi prAdhunika vidvAn vicArakoM ne bhI apanA yaha mantavya prakaTa kiyA hai ki bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se prAcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha prati prAcIna aura dvitIya zrutaskandha usase pazcAdvartI kAla kI racanA hai|' pada-pramANa sambandhI niyukti kI mAnyatA ko mUla pAgama ke ullekhoM se bAdhita tathA prAdhAravihIna siddha karate hue Upara yaha sapramANa batAyA jA cukA hai ki AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM kA padaparimANa 18,000 pada hai na ki kevala prathama zrutaskandha kaa| AcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA ke prazna ko hala karane ke prayAsa meM hI niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAroM ne isake dvitIya zrutaskandha ko sthavirakRta paMcacUlAtmaka prAcArAgra maanaa| isa kAraNa ye donoM prazna paraspara saMpRkta haiM ataH dvitIya zrutaskandha kI maulikatA ke sambandha meM vicAra karane se pUrva yaha dekhanA paramAvazyaka hai ki yaha padasaMkhyA kA prazna kisa kAraNa utpanna huaa| / etadviSayaka sabhI tathyoM kA samIcInatayA paryAlocana karane ke pazcAt aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nizItha ko AcArAMga kI pAMcavIM cUlA mAnane aura usake pazcAt use AcArAMga se pRthaka kiyA jAkara svatantra chedasUtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiye jAne kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa padasaMkhyA viSayaka matabheda aura usake phalasvarUpa dvitIya zrutaskandha ko prAcArAMga se bhinna usakA pariziSTa athavA prAcArAgra mAnane kI kalpanA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| samavAyAMga sUtra kI samavAya saMkhyA 18 meM Aye hue "cUlikAsahita AcArAMga bhagavAn ke 18,000 pada hai|" isa ullekha ke kAraNa adhikAMzataH janamAnasa meM yahI dhAraNA banI huI thI ki cUlikA sahita prAcArAga kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 hai| samavAyAMga kI samavAya saMkhyA 25 meM prAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM ke nAma do gAthAnoM meM ginA cukane aura gAthAoM kI parisamApti ke pazcAt "nisIhajjhayaNaM paNavIsa ima" - isa 'prAcArAMga niyukti (prathama zru0 skandha), gA0 11 tathA AcA0 ni0 (2 zrRM0 skaMdha), gA0 2 se 7 8. The Acharaoga Sutra contains two books, or Srutskandhas, very different from each other in style and in the manner in which the subject is treated. The subdivisions of the second book being called Chulas (cUlAja), or appendices, it follows that only the first book is really old.. The first book, then, is the oldest part of the Acbaranga Sutra; it is probably the old Acharanga itself to which other treatises have been added. [Sacred Book of the East, Vol. 22, Introduction; P. 47, - By Hermann Jacobi].

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17. mAcAroga ] . kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA prakAra ke vivAdAspada pATha ko dekhakara aura samavAya saMkhyA 57 meM "prAyAracUliyAvajjANaM" isa pada ke dvArA pAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM meM se eka adhyayana ke cUlikAsvarUpa hone tathA prAcArAMga ke adhyayanoM se pRthaka rakhane ke saMketa se yaha anumAna lagA liyA gayA ki nizItha prAcArAMga kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM jaba vidyamAna thA usa samaya AcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 thI aura jaba nizItha ko prAcArAMga se pRthaka kiyA jAkara chedasUtra ke rUpa meM usakI pratiSThApanA ho cukI hai to usa dazA meM svataH hI prAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 se kama ho gii| vastutaH prAcArAMga kI 5 to kyA eka bhI aisI cUlikA nahIM thI jo yAcArAMga kA abhinna aMga ho aura usake padoM kI saMkhyA kI gaNanA pAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA meM sammilita mAnI gaI ho| isa ora na to niyuktikAra kA hI dhyAna gayA aura na vRttikAra, cUNikAra athavA DaoN0 harmana jaikobI kA hii| prasiddha jarmana vidvAna harmana jaikobI ne apane isa abhimata ke samarthana meM jo yuktiyAM dI haiM unako dekhane se spaSTataH yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki ve niyuktikAra, vRttikAra tathA TIkAkAra ke vicAroM se aura vizeSataH AcArAMga cUrNikAra dvArA prArambha meM prastuta maMgala prakaraNa se atyadhika prabhAvita hue haiM jisameM cUrNikAra ne prathama zrutaskandha ke"suyaM meM pAusaM teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM" isa prathama sUtra ko AdimaMgala tathA "se bemi je ya atItA arahaMtA bhagavaMtA" evaM "se bemi se jahA vihare"- ina madhyavartI sUtroM ko madhyamaMgala aura "abhinivvUDe amAI ya" -prathama zrutaskandha ke isa aMtima pada ko aMta-maMgala batAte hue kevala prathama zrutaskandha ko hI paripUrNa prAcArAMga mAnane viSaka apanA abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ! tathyoM para gaharAI se vicAra karane para uparokta sabhI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA pramANa ke sthAna para kevala kalpanA para AdhArita nitAnta nirAdhAra dhAraNA hI siddha hotI hai| vastutaH AgamoM ke racanAkAla meM prAcArAMga kI eka bhI aisI cUlA vidyamAna nahIM thI jise prAcArAMga kA abhinna aMga mAnakara usake kalevara kI prAcArAMga ke 18,000 padaparimAraNa meM gaNanA kI gaI ho| isakA prabala pramANa Agama kA mUla pATha hai| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki samavAyAMga aura nandI sUtra meM jo dvAdazAMgI kA sarvAMgapUrNa paricaya diyA hai usameM prAcArAMga kA svarUpado zrutaskandha, 25 adhyayana, 85 uddezanakAla, 85 samuddezanakAla aura 18,000 padayukta batAyA gayA hai| uparokta do sUtroM ke atirikta anya kisI pAgama meM dvAdazAMgI kA itanA vistRta paricaya nahIM miltaa| ____ dvAdazAMgI ke isa paricaya meM bArahaveM aMga 'dRSTivAda' ke tRtIya bheda 'parvagata' ke 14 pUrvo meM se Adi ke cAra pUrvo ko chor3a kara zeSa kisI bhI aMga kI calikAoM kA astitva nahIM batAyA gayA hai| jahAM dvAdazAMgI ke paricaya meM . cattAri duvAlasa, aTTha ceva dasa ceva cUlavatyUNi / pAillAga cauNhaM, sesAraNaM cUliyA natthi / / [nandImUtra (dvAdazAMgI prakaraNa)]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pAcArAMga pratyeka aMga ke zrutaskandhoM, adhyayanoM, uddezakoM, padoM evaM akSaroM taka kI saMkhyA batAI gaI hai aura prathama cAra pUrvo kI cUlikAoM tathA unakI saMkhyA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vahAM prAcArAMga kI cUlikA ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kA ullekha mahonA isa bAta kA svataHsiddha pramANa hai ki vastutaH prAcArAMga kI eka bhI cUlikA nahIM thii| dvAdazAMgI ke isa paricaya se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki dRSTivAda ke uparokta cAra pUrvo ko chor3a kara anya kisI bhI aMga kI eka bhI cUlikA nahIM thii| cUlikAmoM kI vastutaH ekAdazAMgI ke liye AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thI, kyoMki dRSTivAda meM ekAdazAMgI ke pratyeka aMga se sambandhita, unameM ukta, anukta evaM saMkSepataH ukta sabhI viSayoM kA bar3e vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA gayA thaa|' tadanusAra jahAM prAcArAMga meM prAcAra-dharma (sAdhvAcAra) ke vidhimArga kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai vahAM navama pUrva kI tRtIya vastu ke prAcAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhUta meM sAdhvAcAra ke apavAdoM aura unakI zuddhi hetu sampUrNa vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vistArapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA gayA thaa| caturdaza pUrva jaba taka vicchinna nahIM hue taba taka uparokta vIsavAM prAbhUta prAcArAMga kA abhinna aMga nahIM hote hue bhI AcArasumeru ke zikhara (cUlA) ke rUpa meM prAcArAMga kA sahAyaka athavA pUraka mAnA jAtA rhaa| kAlAntara meM kAladoSajanya buddhimAndha ke kAraNa pUrvajJAna kSINa hone lagA aura pUrvadhara prAcAryoM ne zAnabala se yaha dekhA ki sannikaTa kAla meM hI pUrvo kA jJAna vicchinna hone vAlA hai to vizAkha nAma ke prAcArya ne pratyAkhyAna-pUrva kI tRtIya vastu ke prAcAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhRta se sArabhUta aMzoM ko uddhata kara 'prAcAra prakalpa' arthAt nizItha kA niSpAdana kiyA aura use chedasUtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyA gyaa| pUrvajJAna ' pATalIputra meM huI prathama maMgavAcanA ke samaya ekAdazAMgI ke pAThoM ko vyavasthita karane ke pazcAt jaba vahAM upasthita sthaviroM ko yaha vidita hA ki 'dRSTivAda' unameM se kisI zramaNa ke smRtipaTala para aMkita nahIM hai to unhoMne khinna ho jo zokodgAra prakaTa kiye unheM "titthogAliya painnA" meM nimnalikhita rUpa se prakaTa kiyA gayA hai : te viti savvasArassa diThivAyassa natthi pddisaaro| kaha punvagaeNa biNA, pavayaNAsAraM gharehAmo / arthAt jaba unheM vidita huA ki parama sArabhUta dRSTivAda unameM se kisI kI smRti meM nahIM rahA hai to unhoMne khinna ho paraspara eka dUsare se pUchA - "are ! aba hama loga pUrvajJAna ke binA pravacana ke sAra ko kisa prakAra dhAraNa kareMge ?" isa gAthA se prakaTa hotA hai ki dRSTivAda meM pratyeka aMgazAstra ke sambandha meM paramopayogI tathyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thaa| -sampAdaka 2 daMsaraNa carittajutto, gutto guttIsu (pari) saMjhaNahie / nAmegA visAhagagI, mahattaro gAragamaMjusI / / tassa lihiyaM nissAhiM dhammadhurAdharaNe pavara pujjassa / [hastalikhita nizItha kI kucha pratiyoM kI prazasti]

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pAcArAMga ] kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA ke vicchinna ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI paraMparAgata dhAraNA ke anusAra pUrvagata se uddhRta hone kI sthiti meM bhI nizItha ko pAnAsaMga kI tUlA hI mAnA jAtA rahA / jisa prakAra gaMgA ke jala ko yamunA jala aura yamunA ke jala ko gaMgAjala nahIM kahA jA sakatA usI prakAra AcArAMga aura nizItha ko eka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki donoM kA paraspara pragAr3ha sambandha hone ke uparAnta bhI prAcArAMga zruta-gaMgA kI ekAdazAMgI rUpa eka dhArA kA jala hai to nizItha caturdaza pUrva rUpI dUsaro dhArA kA jala / svayaM niyuktikAra ne isa tathya ko svIkAra karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki prAcAraprakalpa (nizItha) pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu ke AcAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhUta se nivyUMDha kiyA gayA hai|' uparilikhita tathyoM se yaha nissaMdigdharUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki prAcArAMga kI abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM koI cUlA na to pUrvakAla meM kabhI thI aura na vartamAna meM hI hai| isakA prabala pramANa hai samakAyAMga aura nandI sUtra meM ullikhita dvAdAzAMgI kA paricaya jisameM ki AcArAMga kI kisI cUlA ke astitva kA saMketa taka nahIM kiyA gayA hai| prAcArAMga kI abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM cUlikA kA astitva na hote hue bhI apavAda kI sthiti meM sAdhvAcAra meM lage aticAroM ke vizuddhikaraNa kI dRSTi se pUrvakAla meM pracAraprAbhUta ko aura pazcAdvartIkAla meM usI ke sArabhUta svarUpa nizItha ko paramAvazyaka samajha kara AcArAMga kI vastutaH cUlA na hote hue bhI cUlA mAnA jAtA rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki. samavAyAMga sUtra kI samavAya saMkhyA 18, 25 ora 85 meM "prAyArassa bhagavo sacUliyAgassa" - isa pada ke dvArA eka cUlikA kI sattA kA saMketa kiyA gyaa| yahAM saMketa zabda kA prayoga isalie kiyA gayA hai ki mUla Agama meM usa cUlikA ke nAma kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| samavAya saMkhyA 57 meM jo-"prAyAracUlAvajjANaM" isa pada ke prayoga se sUtrakRtAMga ke 23, sthAnAMga ke 10 aura prAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM meM se cUlikAtmaka eka adhyayana ko chor3a kara zeSa 24 ko milA kara prathama ke tIna aMgoM ke 57 adhyayana batAye gaye haiN| isa sUtra meM prAcArAMga kA 25 vAM adhyayana calAtmaka batAyA gayA hai para samavAyAMgasUtra ko samavAya saMkhyA 25 meM prAcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana "zastraparijJA se lekara vimukti nAmaka 25veM adhyayana taka ke 25 nAmoM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt "nisIhaM paraNavIsaima" isa prakAra kA pada dekara nizItha ko AcArAMga kA 25vAM adhyayana batAyA gayA hai| 25vIM samavAya meM jo prAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM unhIM nAmoM ke 25 adhyayana vartamAna kAla meM prAcArAMga meM vidyamAna haiN| aisI sthiti meM jo 57veM samavAya ' prAyArapakappou, paccakhANassa tiyvtyuupro| pAyAraNAmadhejjA, visaimA pAhuDaccheyA / / [prAcArAMga-niyukti, zru0 2] 2 tiNhaM gariNapiDagANaM prAyAracUliyAvajjANaM sattAvannaM ajjhayaNA paNNattA taMjahA prAyAre sUyagar3e tthaanne| [samavAyAMga, samavAya 57]

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100 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ AcArAMga meM 25 veM adhyayana ko cUlikAsvarUpa aura 25vIM samavAya meM vimukti adhyayana ko prAcArAMga kA paccIsavAM adhyayana batAne ke pazcAt jo nizItha ko bhI 25vAM adhyayana batAyA gayA hai, isakA vAstavika artha kyA hai, isameM kisI lipikAra kI bhUla hai athavA saMkalanAkAla meM ina donoM sUtroM ke pATha meM kisI prakAra kI bhUla huI hai yaha to atizaya jJAnI hI batA sakate haiM para isa prakAra ke pAThoM se yaha avazya prakaTa hotA hai ki navama pUrva kI tRtIya vastu ke pracAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhRta ko AcArAMga kA aMga na hote hue bhI paramAvazyaka hone ke kAraNa jo AcArAMga kI cUlA mAnA gayA hai usake prastutIkaraNa ( Interpretation) ko lekara mAnyatA-bheda utpanna ho gayA thA / aba hameM niSpakSa dRSTi se yaha dekhanA hai ki nizItha vastutaH zrAcArAMga kA hI aMga hai athavA usase pUrNataH pRthak / isa sambandha meM Agama aura Agama se sambaddha itara sAhitya ke paryAlocana se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki nizItha AcAraprakalpa athavA prakalpa kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / ye tInoM zabda samAnArthaka aura eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiM / . sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ? meM zrAcAra prakalpa ke kramazaH 5 aura 28 bhedoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue jo nAma diye haiM unase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki pracAraprakalpa aura zrAcArAMga ina donoM kI viSayavastu vibhinna hone ke kAraNa ye donoM apanAapanA svatantra astitva rakhate haiM / praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM bhI AcAraprakalpa 28 prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| Avazyaka vRhadvRtti meM 28 prakAra kA AcAra prakalpa batAte hue 25 nAma to vahI ginAye gaye haiM jo ki AcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM ke haiM / ina paccIsa ke sAtha nizItha ke tIna bheda jor3akara 28 prakAra ke pracAraprakalpa kI saMkhyA pUrI kI gaI hai / isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki pracAraprakalpa AcArAMga kA abhinna aMga nahIM apitu isase bhinna hai / 1 pacavihe prAyArakappe paM0 taM mAsie ugdhAie mAsie praNugdhAie, caumAsie ugdhAie, mAsie aNudhAie, prArovaraNA // [ sthAnAMga, ThANA 5 ] 2 aTThAvIsavihe prAyArakappe paM0 taM0 mAsiyA zrArovaraNA (1) aka sirA ArovaNA ( 28 ) [samavAyAMga, sama0 28 ] [ praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 5 ] 3 aTThAvIsA prAyArakappA | 4 satyaparindA logavijao siprosaNijjaM saMmattaM / AvaMti ghuma vimoho, uvahAraNasutraM mahaparinnA // 51 piDesara sijjirijjA, bhAsajjAyA ya vatthapAesA / uggahapaDimA sattikkasattayaM bhAvaraNa vimutti / / 52 ugdhAyamaNugdhAyaM ArovaraNa tivimo nisIhaM tu / iti aTThAvIsaviho, AyarapakappanAmoyaM // 53 [ Avazyaka vRhadvRtti, pra0 3 ]

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pAcArAMga ] kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA 101 . vyavahArakalpa' aura paMcakalpabhASya meM bhI AcArAMga-niyuktikAra ko taraha prAcAraprakalpa ko navama pUrva se niyaMDha mAnA gayA hai| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki prAcAraprakalpa (nizItha) AcArAMga kA aMga nahIM apitu apanA pRthaka astitva rakhatA hai| ___ "dharma prakaraNa" meM "prAcAraprakalpa" zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai :- "prAcAra AcArAMgam, prakalpo nizIthAdhyayanam-tasyaiva paMcamacUlA, AcAreNa sahitaH prakalpa prAcAraprakalpaH nizIthAdhyayanasahite paacaaraaNge| navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ne samavAyAMga-TIkA meM 'prAcAraprakalpa' zabda kA do prakAra se artha karate hue likhA hai- "prAcAraH prathamAMgastasya prakalpo'dhyayanavizeSo nizIthamityaparAbhidhAnasya, vA sAdhvAcArasya jJAnAdi viSayasya prakalpo'dhyavasAyamityAcAraprakalpaH / " uparokta vyAkhyAnoM meM donoM TIkAkAroM ne prAcAra zabda kA prAcArAMga paura prakalpa kA artha nizIthAdhyayana kiyA hai, isase bhI donoM kA eka dUsare se pArthakya to siddha hotA hI hai| niyuktikAra ke abhimata se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne nizItha ko AcArAMga kA adhyayanavizeSa athavA pAMcavIM cUlA likha diyA hai para jo 28 prakAra kA prAcAraprakalpa Upara batAyA gayA hai usase bhI nizItha ke AcArAMga kA adhyayana hone kI saMgati bilkula nahIM baitthtii| kyoMki 28 prakAra ke prAcAraprakalpa meM zastraparijJA se lekara vimukti taka ke AcArAMga ke 25 adhyayana aura ugdhAiye, aNugdhAiye aura ArovaNA- ye nizItha ke tIna prakAra - isa taraha kula milAkara 28 bheda ginA diye gaye haiM ataH nizItha kI prAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM meM kisI bhI taraha gaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| Agama meM AcArAMga ke 25 adhyayana hone kA ullekha hai na ki 26 kaa| aisI dazA meM yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki prAcArAMga se prAcAraprakalpa arthAt nizItha sadA se pRthak hI mAnA jAtA rahA hai| AcArAMga aura nizItha ke pRthak-pRthak aura bhinna-bhinna hone kA eka sabase adhika sazakta aura, akATya pramANa yaha hai ki prAcArAMga kahIM se niyaMDha nahIM hai, uddhRta nahIM hai jaba ki nizItha ko niyuktikAra, vRttikAra, curiNakAra Adi sabhI vidvAn ekamata ho navama pUrva kI tRtIya vastu ke prAcAra nAmaka bIsaveM prAbhRta. se uddhata athavA nivyUMDha mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti meM nizItha ko prAcArAMga kA adhyayana athavA aMga nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| hAM, sAdhvAcAra ke liye paramopayogI hone ke kAraNa ise pAcArAMga kI cUlA mAnA jA sakatA hai, vaha bhI pAMcavIM nahIM apitu pahalI aura aMtima arthAt eka mAtra / 'mAyArapakappo u navame puSvaMmi bhAsi soSIya / tattomvi ya nijjUDho. ihAriNayato kiM na saribhave // [vyavahArakalpa] 2 mAyAradasAkappo vavahAro navamapuvvANisaMdA cArittarakkhaNaTThA suyakaDassuvariThavitAI... [paMcakalpabhASya'

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ AcArAMga uparokta sabhI tathyoM para gambhIratApUrvaka manana ke pazcAt siddha ho jAtA hai ki vastutaH AcArAMga kI aisI eka bhI cUlA nahIM thI aura na hai, jisakI ki gaNanA zrAcArAMga ke do zrutaskandhoM, 25 adhyayanoM, 85 uddezakoM athavA sampUrNa AcArAMga ke 18000 padoM meM sammilita kI jA sake / prArambha se pracAraprAbhRta, apara nAma AcAraprakalpa, prakalpa athavA nizItha jo ki pUrvajJAna kA aMza hai, AcArAMga kI aisI cUlA mAnA jAtA rahA hai jisakI padasaMkhyA AcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA meM sammilita nahIM mAnI jAtI / 102 isa prakAra AgamoM meM upalabdha AcArAMga kI cUlikA se sambandhita ullekhoM ke paryavekSaNa se jo sthiti spaSTataH prakaTa hotI hai vaha isa prakAra hai: 1. samavAyAMga aura nandIsUtra meM zrAgamoM ke paricaya ke prakaraNa meM jo AcArAMga kA paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM AcArAMga kI eka bhI cUlikA ke astitva kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / usameM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki do zrutaskandha, 25 adhyayana, 85 uddezana kAla tathA 85 samuddezanakAla vAle prAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA 18000 hai / 2. pUre nandI sUtra meM eka bhI aisA ullekha nahIM hai jisase ki zrAcArAMga kI eka bhI cUlikA kA astitva prakaTa hotA ho / 3. samavAyAMga kI samavAya saMkhyA 18, 25 aura 65 meM AcArAMga kI cUlikA ke astitva kA ullekha avazya hai / usake atirikta cUlikA ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / samavAya saMkhyA 25 meM zastraparijJA se prArambha kara 25veM vimukti nAmaka adhyayana taka AcArAMga ke paccIsoM adhyayanoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt sandehAspada sthiti meM jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - "nisIhaM paraNavIsa imaM " - arthAt paccIsavAM adhyayana nizItha / 4. samavAya saMkhyA 57 me "prAyAracUlAvajjAraNaM" arthAt "AcAra cUlA ko chor3akara " - isa ullekha ke sAtha zrAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM meM se pracAravUlA svarUpa eka adhyayana ko chor3akara zeSa 24 adhyayanoM ke sAtha sUtrakRtAMga ke 23 aura sthAnAMga ke 10 adhyayanoM ko milAkara prathama tIna aMgoM ke adhyayanoM kI saMkhyA 57 batAI gaI hai| isa samavAya meM bhI yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki AcAra-cUlA AcArAMga kA kaunasA adhyayana hai / yaha dhyAna dene yogya bAta hai ki AcArAMga ke jina 25 adhyayanoM ke nAma samavAya saMkhyA 25 meM ullikhita kiye gaye haiM ve paccIsoM hI adhyayana unhIM nAmoM ke sAtha AcArAMga meM Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM / 5. saMbhava hai samavAya saM0 25 aura 57 meM parilakSita hone vAlI cUlikAviSayaka saMdehAspada sthiti hI padasaMkhyAviSayaka, cUlikAviSayaka aura AcArAMga ke 'dvatIya taskandhako AcArAMga se bhinna pracArAMga kI cUlikAeM - prAcArAya evaM

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AcArAMga ] kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA 103 prAcArAMga kA pariziSTa mAtra mAnane viSayaka aura nizItha ko AcArAMga kI cUlikA mAnane viSayaka vivAdoM kI jananI ho / 6. AcArAMga kI cUlikA ke sambandha meM uparokta ullekhoM ke atirikta aura kisI bhI prakAra kA ullekha AgamoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| 7. AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke paMca cUlAtmaka hone athavA prAcArAMga se bhinna prAcArAgra, cUlikAsvarUpa, athavA pariziSTamAtra hone kA Agama meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai| 8. mUla Agama meM kahIM eka bhI aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA jisase yaha prakaTa hotA ho ki AcArAMga ke kevala prathama zrutaskandha kI padasaMkhyA 18000 hai| 8. samavAya saMkhyA 25 meM nizItha viSayaka saMdigdha pATha aura samavAya saMkhyA 57 meM "pAyAracUlAvajjAraNaM" isa pada dvArA AcArAMga ke 25 adhyayanoM meM se 1 adhyayana ko prAcAracUlA mAna kara use adhyayanoM kI gaNanA meM na rakhane viSayaka pATha saMbhavataH cUlikA ke svarUpa ke prastutIkaraNa (Interpretation) meM kisI prakAra kI bhrAnti ke pratiphala hoN| 10. dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAla meM prAcArAMga ke jo 25 adhyayana the unameM se mahAparijJA sAtavAM adhyayana vilupta ho cukA hai aura zeSa 24 adhyayana Aja bhI AcArAMga meM vidyamAna haiN| 11. AcArAMga ke prathama zrataskandha ko hI gaNadharakRta mAnate hae niyuktikAra ne AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrataskandha ko jo sthavirakRta aura AcArAMga se bhinna paMcacUlAtmaka prAcArAna siddha karane kI mAnyatA prakaTa kI hai vaha mUla prAgama kI bhAvanA se viparIta aura Agamika AdhAravihIna hone ke kAraNa kAlpanika amAnya mAnyatAoM kI koTi meM parigaNita kI jA sakatI hai| 12. Agama meM jina-jina sthaloM para do zrutaskandhoM, 25 adhyayanoM, 85 uddezanakAloM, 85 samuddezanakAloM aura 18 hajAra padoM se yukta svarUpa vAle prAcArAMga ko uddiSTa kara ke koI bhI bAta kahI gaI hai, kevala unhIM sthaloM para "pAyArassa bhagavAyo", "se ki pAyAre" aura "pAyAre" ina padoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aura jahAM kevala prathama zrutaskandha ko lakSya kara koI bAta kahI gaI hai vahAM ina padoM meM se kisI bhI pada kA prayoga na kiyA jAkara "navaNhaM baMbhaceraHNaM" arthAt "navabrahmacaryAdhyayanoM kA" - isa pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| . uparokta pramANoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki jisa prakAra sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI arthataH tIrthaMkarapraNIta aura zabdataH gaNadharoM dvArA grathita hai ' (ka) naMdI evaM samavAyAMga ke dvAdazAMgI paricaya prakaraNa / . (kha) samavAyAMga, sama0 18, 25 aura 85 2 navaNhaM baMbhacerANaM ekAvanna uddesaNakAlA pnnnnttaa| [samavAyAMga, sama0 51]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [ prAcArAMga usI prakAra AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrataskandha bhI dvAdazAMgI kA abhinna aMga hone ke kAraNa arthataH tIrthakarapraNIta aura zabdataH garagadharoM dvArA grathita hai / upayullikhita pramANoM ke atirikta anya AgamoM meM bhI isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha haiM jinase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / "praznavyAkaraNa sUtra" meM jisa sthala para yaha vivecana AyA hai ki amukaamuka prakAra kA sAvadya AhAra grahaNa karanA sAdhu ko nahIM kalpatA, vahAM ziSya ne prazna kiyA hai- "to phira kisa prakAra kA AhAra grahaNa karanA kalpatA hai ?" isa prazna ke uttara meM AcArAMga ke dazaveM, tadanusAra dvitIya zrutaskandha ke pahale piNDapAta adhyayana kA ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai - " 'piNDapAta' adhyayana ke 11 uddezakoM meM jo AhAra grahaNa karane kI nirdoSa vidhi batAI gaI hai usake anusAra sAdhu ko prAhAra grahaNa karanA caahiye|'' "sthAnAMga sUtra" caturtha sthAna meM prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke zayyA, vastraiSaNA, Adi cAra adhyAyanoM meM varNita viSayoM kA tathA sAtaveM sthAnaka meM prAcArAMga - dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sAta saptaikakA adhyayanoM tathA piNDeSaNa Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'dazavakAlika sUtra' kA 'chajjIvaNikAya' nAmaka cauthA adhyayana prAcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha ke bhAvanA nAmaka pandrahaveM adhyayana ke AdhAra para nirmita kiyA gayA hai / dazavakAlika kA 'piNDaiSaNA' nAmaka pAMcavAM adhyayana to vastutaH prAcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 'piNDeSaNA' nAmaka prathama adhyayana kA sugaThita rUpAntara hai| donoM prAgamoM ke ina adhyayanoM kA nAmasAmya aura viSayasAmya isa tathya ke sabala sAkSI haiM ki dazavaikAlika ke saMkalayitA athavA nirmAtA - prAcArya sayyaMbhava (bha0 mahAvIra ke caturtha paTTadhara) ke samakSa AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha vidyamAna thaa| isI prakAra dazavakAlika sUtra kA 'suvakkasuddhI' nAmaka sAtavAM adhyayana bhI prAcArAMga - dvitIya zrRtaskandha ke 'bhASeSaNA' nAmaka caturtha adhyayana kA padyAnuvAda pratIta hotA hai / alpAyuSka maNakamuni ke hita ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue AcArAMga ke dvitIya zruta athavA pUrvo ke AdhAra para prA0 sayyaMmbhava ne "dazavakAlika sUtra" kA grathana kiyA ataH vaha prAcAya sayyaMbhava kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai| niyuktikAra ke kathanAnusAra yadi ziSyoM ke hita ke lie kisI sthavira ne AcArAMga ke dvitIya ' aha kerisayaM puNAi kappai ? jaM taM ikkArasa piMDavAyasuddhaM ....... [praznavyAkaraNa, saMvaradvAra 5] 2 cattAri sejjApaDimAgro pa0 cattAri vatthapaDimAno pa0 cattAri pAyapaDimAgro pa0 . cattAri ThANapaDimAgro pa0 / / 424 / / [sthAnAMga, ThA0 4 / 3] 3 matta piDemaggAgro pa0 663 / satta pAgosaNAgro pa0 / 664 / satta uggahapaDimAgro pa0 / / 665 / / satta sattikkayA pa0 / / 666 sthAnAMga, sthAna 7]

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grAcArAMga ] kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 105. zrutaskandha kI racanA kI hotI to isake sAtha bhI isake racanAkAra kA nAma avazya jur3A huA hotA aura praznavyAkaraNa- sUtra, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga Adi ekAdazAMgI pramukha aMgoM meM isake adhyayana, viSaya Adi kA ullekha evaM paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / ke grAcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM kI zailI aura bhASA meM dvirUpatA dekhakara katipaya vidvAnoM ne apanA yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki dvitIya zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha se pazcAdvartIkAla kI kRti hai / vastutaH yaha tarka ekAntataH sabhI jagaha upayoga meM nahIM lAyA jA sakatA kyoMki aise aneka udAharaNa upalabdha haiM jahAM eka hI sUtra meM samAsa aura vyAsa donoM hI prakAra kI varNanazailiyAM aura kliSTa evaM sarala-sugama bhASAzailiyAM apanAI gaI haiM / jJAtAdharmakathAGga ke prathama 16 adhyayanoM kI varNanazailI aura inake pIche ke adhyayanoM kI varNanazailI meM isa prakAra kA antara spaSTataH dRSTigocara hotA hai / jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke pratyeka adhyayana meM viSayavastu kA vistArapUrvaka varNana hai jabaki dUsare zrutaskandha meM pratisaMkSepataH dharmakathAoM kA ullekha hai / kevala isa AdhAra para jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM ke bhinnakartR ke hone kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / isI taraha AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM pAMca prakAra ke AcAra kA dArzanika evaM tAtvika dRSTi se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / dArzanika evaM tAtvika vivecana prAyaH sUtra zailI meM hI pAye jAte haiM / sAgara ko gAgara meM samA dene kI kSamatA sUtrazailI meM hI hai / AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM sUtrazailI ko apanAyA gayA hai ataH vahAM bhASA, bhAva aura zailI meM gAmbhIrya evaM gUr3hArthatAjanya kliSTatA kA AjAnA anivArya hI thA / dvitIya zrutaskandha meM yaha saba kucha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isameM sAdhvAcAra ke liye Avazyaka choTI se choTo aura bar3I se bar3I sabhI bAtoM kA sAdhaka ko samIcInatayA jJAna karAne ke lie sarala bhASA meM ucita vistAra ke sAtha samajhAyA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM dArzanika evaM tAtvika viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ataH usameM sUtrazailI apanAI gaI hai aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sAdhu ke prAcAra ke pratyeka pahalU ko vyAkhyAtmaka DhaMga se samajhAnA Avazyaka thA isaliye yahAM sarala aura sugama vyAsa zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai / vastutaH sUtrAtmaka samAsa zailI ke mAdhyama se sAdhvAcAra kI saba bAteM sAdhAraNa sAdhaka ko saralatA ke sAtha hRdayaMgama nahIM karAI jA sakatIM / donoM zrutaskandhoM meM dRSTigata hone vAlI do zailiyoM kA yahI kAraNa hai / vastutaH ye donoM zrutaskandha zrArya sudharmA kI hI kRti haiM / niSkarSa uparicacita sabhI tathyoM ke samIcInatayA paryAlocana se jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai vaha isa prakAra hai :

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArAMga 1. AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandha dvAdazAMgI ke racanAkAla meM gaNadharoM dvArA sarvaprathama grathita kiye gaye the| aAgama meM jo pAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 ullikhita hai vaha vastutaH donoM zru taskandhoM sahita sampUrNa AcArAMga kI hai na ki kevala prathama zrutaskandha kii| 2. dvitIya zrutaskandha ke paMcacUlAtmaka evaM AgamoM ke racanAkAla se 'pazcAdvartI kAla meM sthavirakRta pAcArAgra mAtra hone tathA prathama zrutaskandha ko hI mUla prAcArAMga mAnate hue kevala usI kI padasaMkhyA 18,000 hone kI jo mAnyatA niyuktikAra Adi dvArA abhivyakta kI gaI hai vaha Agamika evaM anya kisI AdhAra para AdhArita na hone ke kAraNa nirAdhAra, kAlpanika evaM amAnya hai| 3. vartamAnakAla meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zra taskandha ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jo yaha mAnyatA prAyaH sarvatra pracalita hai ki saMpUrNa dvitIya zra taskandha cAra cUlAoM meM vibhakta hai, yaha mAnyatA kisI zAstra dvArA sammata na hone ke kAraNa zAstrIya mAnyatA kI koTi meM nahIM aatii| yaha pahale siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki AcArAMga kI mUlataH abhinna aMga ke rUpa meM eka bhI cUlA na to kabhI thI aura na hai hii| AgamoM ke racanAkAla se lekara nizItha ke chedasUtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiye jAne taka navama pUrva kI tRtIya vastu kA prAcAra nAmaka bIsavAM prAbhRta saMbhavataH AcArAMga kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA rahA aura kAlAntara meM usa prAbhUta kI nizItha chedasUtra ke rUpa meM pratiSThApanA ke pazcAt nizItha ko AcArAMga kI cUlikA mAnA jAne lgaa| itanA hone para bhI na kabhI prAcAraprAbhRta kI pada-saMkhyA prAcArAMga kI padasaMkhyA ke sammilita mAnI gaI thI aura na nizItha kI hii| prAcArAMga kA sthAna evaM mahatva prAcAra jIvana ko samannata banAne kA sAdhana, sAdhanA kA mUlAdhAra aura mokSa kA sopAna hai ataH AcArAMga kA jaina vAGmaya meM bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| "jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSaH" - isa sarvajanasuvidita suvikhyAta sUkti ke anusAra sarvaprathama sadasad kA jJAna tathA tadantara usa jJAna ke mAdhyama se vivekapUrvaka asad arthAt heya kA parityAga evaM sad arthAt upAdeya kA vivekapUrvaka AcaraNa karane para hI sAdhaka dvArA mokSa kI upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| prAcArAMga meM mokSaprApti ke bAdhaka asad kA evaM mokSa-prApti meM parama sahAyaka sad kA jJAna karAte hae samasta heya ke parityAga kA aura upAdeya ke AcaraNa kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se AcArAMga ke sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa hI samavAyAMga aura nandI sUtra meM dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya dete hae ise dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM sarvaprathama sthAna para rakhA gayA hai|' ' se NaM aMgaThThAe par3hame aNge| [samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra]

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prAcArAMga] kelikAla : mAyaM sudharmA 107 niyuktikAra, TIkAkAra aura cUrNikAra ne bhI AcArAMga kA dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM sarvaprathama sthAna mAnA hai| niyuktikAra ke ullekhAnasAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAn sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA aura tadanantara zeSa aMgoM kA pravartana-pracalana karate haiN|' gaNadhara bhI usI krama se aMgoM kI racanA karate haiN| prAcArAMga ko aMgoM ke krama meM prathama sthAna dene kA kAraNa batAte hue niyuktikAra ne likhA hai ki prAcArAMga meM mokSa ke upAyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai aura yahI pravacana kA sAra hai, isalie isako dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai / 2 . - prAcArAMga ke cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra donoM ne hI Agama aura niyukti ke uparokta ullekhoM kA samarthana karate huye nimnalikhita rUpa meM prAcArAMga kI sarvAdhika mahattA prakaTa kI hai : "ananta atIta meM jitane bhI tIrthaMkara hue haiM, una saba ne sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA hI upadeza diyA, vartamAna kAla ke tIrthakara jo mahAvideha kSetra meM virAjamAna haiM, ve bhI sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA hI upadeza dete haiM aura anAgata ananta kAla meM jitane bhI tIrthakara hone vAle haiM ve bhI sarvaprathama AcArAMga kA hI upadeza deMge, tadanantara zeSa 11 aMgoM kaa| gaNadhara bhI isI paripATI kA anusaraNa karate hue isI anukrama se dvAdazAMgI ko grathita karate haiM / "3 samavAyAMga kI TIkA meM abhayadeva sUrI ne aura nandI sUtra kI vRtti meM ' sambesimAyAro titthasya pavattaNe par3hamayAe / sesAI aMgAI, ekkArasa praNupuvIe / / 8 / / [prAcArAMga niyukti] 2 mAyAro aMgANaM, par3hamamaMgaM duvAlasaNhaM pi| itya ya mokkho vAmo, esa ya sAro pavayaNassa / / 6 / / [vahI] 3 (ka) savva tityagarA vi ya prAyArassa pratyaM par3hamaM prAikkhaMti tato sesagANaM ekkArasaNha maMgANaM tAe ceva parivArIe gaNaharA vi suttaM gupaMti / (prAcArAMga cUNi, pR. 3) (sa) kadA punamaMgavatAcAra: praNIta; ityata prAha sanvesimityAdi-sarveSAM tIrthakarANAM tIrthapravartanAdAvAcArArthaH prathamatayAbhUd, bhavati, bhaviSyati ca tataH zeSAMgArtha iti gaNadharA mapyanayavAnupUrdhyA sUtratayA praghnaMtIti / [pAcArAMga zIlAMkAcAryakRta TIkA, pR0 6 rAya dhanapatisiMha] praya ki tat pUrvagataM ? ucyate, yasmAttIrthakaraH tIrthapravartanakAle gaNagharANAM sarvasUtrAdhAratvena pUrva pUrvagataM sUtrAthaM bhASate tasmAtpUrvANoti bhariNatAni, gaNadharAH punaH sUtraracanAM vidadhAnA bhAcArAdikrameNa racayanti sthApayanti ca, matAntareNa tu pUrvagatasUtrArthaH pUrvamahatA bhASito gaNadhararapi pUrvagatazrutameva pUrva racitaM pazcAdAcArAdi, nanvevaM yadAcAraniyukta yAM sajhesi pAyAro par3hamo ityAdi, tatkayam ? ucyate, tatra sthApanAmAzritya tathoktamiha tvakSararacanAM pratItya bhaNitaM pUrva pUrvANi kRtAnIti / " [samavAyAMga TIkA (mabhayadevasUri viracitA) patra 1661(1)]

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108 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrAcArAMga AcArya malayagiri' ne uparokta mAnyatA ke samarthana meM apanA abhimata vyakta karane ke pazcAt isa prakAra kI mAnyatA kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai ki AcArAMga sthApanA kI dRSTi se pahalA aGga aura racanAkrama kI dRSTi se 12 vAM aGga mAnA gayA hai / mUla Agama samavAyAMga meM tathA nandI sUtra meM spaSTa ullekha hai - "se gaM zraGgaTThAe paDhame angge"| isa sUtra kI saMskRta chAyA isa prakAra hogI - tannanu aGgArtha prathamamaGgam / " isa sUtra meM prayukta "NaM" zabda ko kevala vAkyAlaMkAra ke lie prayukta na mAnakara nizcayArthaka mAnA jAya to isa sUtra kA artha hotA hai - "vaha AcArAMga prakrama kI dRSTi se nizcitarUpeNa prathama praGga hai / " mUla Agama meM isa prakAra ke nizcayAtmaka spaSTa ullekha ke pazcAt isa prakAra ke prazna ke lie kiMcit mAtra bhI avakAza nahIM rahanA cAhiye thA ki AcArAMga sthApanA kI dRSTi se prathama aGga hai athavA racanA kI dRSTi se / para yaha prazna pUrvAcAryoM ke samakSa uThA aura Aja taka isakA koI sarvasammata samAdhAna nahIM ho pAyA hai / ki aisA pratIta hotA hai ki eka choTI sI bhrAMti ke kAraNa hI saMbhavata: isa prazna kA prAdurbhAva huA hai / yadyapi Agama meM to spaSTa ullekha hai praGgoM ke krama meM AcArAMga kA prathama sthAna hai parantu AcArya hemacandra sUri ne "triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra" 2 meM isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai ki prabhu se tripadI kA jJAna prApta hone para gautamAdi gaNadharoM ne sarvaprathama caudaha pUrvo kI racanA kI aura tadanantara dvAdazAMgI kI / garaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI kI racanA se pahale hI caturdaza pUrvo kI racanA kI gaI, isa kAraNa caturdaza pUrvo kI racanA ko pUrva ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kI sthiti meM gaharAI se vicAra karane se pahale yaha prazna utpanna honA svAbhAvika hI thA ki jaba pUrvoM kI racanA praGgoM se pahale kara lI gaI to dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM AcArAMga kA prathama sthAna kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ? isa prazna kA sIdhA sA uttara yaha hai ki pUrvo kI prathama racanA se AcArAMga kA dvAdazAMgI * ke krama meM prathama sthAna mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotI / 1 , iha tIrthaMkarastIrthapravarttanikAle gaNadharAn sakalazrutArthAvagAhana samarthAnadhikRtya pUrva pUrvagataM 'sUtrArthaM bhASate, tatastAni pUrvANyucyante, gaNadharAH punaH sUtraracanAM vidadhataH prAcArAdikrameNa vidati sthApayanti vA (ca), pranye tu vyAcakSate - pUrvaM pUrvagatasUtrArthamarhan bhASate, gaNadharA api pUrvaM pUrvagatasUtraM viracayanti pazcAdAcArAdim, bhratra codaka grAha nanvidaM pUrvAparaviruddha yasmAdAdI niryuktAyukta "sabvesi zrAyAro par3hamo" ityAdi, satyamukta, kintu tatsthApanA - madhikRtyoktam, akSararacanAmadhikRtya punaH pUrva pUrvANi kRtAni tato na kazcit pUrvAparavirodhaH / " [ nandI - malayagirikRtA vRtti, pR0 481 ( dhanapatisiMha ) ] 2 sUtritAni gaNadhara raMgebhyaH pUrvameva yat / , pUrvAraNItyabhidhIyate tenaitAni caturdaza / / 172 / / [ triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 5 ]

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prAcArAMga] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 106 kyoMki bArahavAM aGga 'dRSTivAda' hai na ki pUrva / vastutaH pUrva to dRSTivAda ke pAMca vibhAgoM meM se eka vibhAga hai|' sabase pahale pUrvo kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kara lI-para bArahaveM aGga dRSTivAda ke zeSa bahuta bar3e bhAga kA to grathana AcArAMgAdi ke krama se bArahaveM sthAna para hI haa| isa prakAra kA to eka bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA jisameM batAyA gayA ho ki bArahaveM aGga dRSTivAda kA gaNadharoM dvArA sabase pahale grathana kiyA gyaa| aisI sthiti meM Agama ke ullekha ke anusAra yaha nizcayapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki racanA evaM sthApanA donoM hI dRSTiyoM se dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM prAcArAMga kA prathama sthAna hai| AcArAMga ko dvAdazAMgI meM sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai, vastutaH vaha saba dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para pUrNataH saMgata pratIta hotA hai| prAcAra ko niyuktikAra dvArA aGgoM kA sAra mAnA gayA hai / kyoMki akSaya avyAbAdha zivasukha kI prApti kA mUlAdhAra prAcAra hai / usa AcAra arthAt sAdhvAcAra kA AcArAMga meM sAMgopAMga samIcInarUperaNa nirUpaNa hone ke kAraNa ise dvAdazAMgI meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| AcArAMga sUtra ke viziSTa jJAtA muni ko hI upAdhyAya aura prAcArya pada ke yogya mAnA jAya, isa prakAra ke aneka ullekha Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| AcArAMga kA sarvaprathama adhyayana karanA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke lie anivArya rakhane ke sAtha-sAtha isa prakAra kA bhI vidhAna kiyA gayA thA ki yadi koI, sAdhu athavA sAdhvI, AcArAMga kA samyakarUpeNa adhyayana karane se pUrva hI anya AgamoM kA adhyayana-anuzIlana karatA hai to vaha laghu cAturmAsika prAyazcitta kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai / 3 itanA hI nahIM prAcArAMga kA adhyayana evaM jJAna prApta nahIM karane vAle sAdhu ko kisI bhI prakAra kA pada nahIM diyA jAtA thaa| prAcArAMga ke adhyayana ke pazcAt hI pratyeka sAdhu dharmAnuyogaaura dravyAnuyoga par3hane kA adhikArI samajhA jAtA thaa| navadIkSita mUni kI upasthApanA bhI AcArAMga ke "zastra-parijJA" adhyayana dvArA kI jAtI thii| vaha piNDakalpI (bhikSA lAne yogya) bhI prAcArAMga kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt mAnA jAtA thaa| ina tathyoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dvAdazAMgI meM prAcArAMga kA kitanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jAtA rahA hai / vartamAna meM prAcArAMga ke sthAna para dazavaikAlika sUtra kA adhyayana, aAgamoM ke adhyayanakrama meM sarvaprathama pracalita hone ke kAraNa aAcArAMga kI sabase pahale vAcanA kI anivAryatA nahIM rahI hai| AcArAMga ke parizIlana evaM nididhyAsana ke pazcAt binA kisI prakAra ke pUrvAgraha se prabhAvita hue niSpakSatApUrvaka vicAra karane para antarmana yahI sAkSI detA ' parikarma-mUtra-pUrvAnuyoga-pUrvagata-cUlikAH paMca / syuSTivAdabhedAH, pUrvANi caturdazApi pUrvagate / / 160 / / [bhidhAnacintAmaNi 2 aMgANaM ki sAro ? prAyAro,..... [prAcAroga niyukti 3 nizItha sUtra, 16 - 20 /

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110 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrAcArAMga hai ki vastutaH zrAcArAMga vizvadharma kA pratIka hai / vizvabandhutva kI bhAvanAoM se protaH prota sacce aura Adarza mAnavIya siddhAntoM kA isameM sajIva varNana hone ke kAraNa AcArAMga kA kevala dvAdazAMgI meM hI nahIM apitu saMsAra ke samagra dharmazAstroM meM eka bar3A UMcA evaM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / AcArAMga ke hrAsa evaM tathAkathita viccheda viSayaka vividha mAnyatAoM para " dvAdazAMgI kA hrAsa" zIrSaka Age ke prakaraNa meM yathAzakya samucita prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA / 2. sUtrakRtAMga dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM sUtrakRtAMga kA dUsarA sthAna hai / niyuktikAra ne isa aMga ke sUyagaDa ke alAvA sUtagaDa, suttakar3a aura suyagaDa- ye tIna aura nAma bhI batAye haiM / ' samavAyAMga meM AcArAMga ke pazcAt sUtra kRtAMga kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM svamata, paramata, jIva, prajIva, puNya, pApa, zrAsrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha, mokSa prAdi tatvoM kA nirUpaNa evaM navadIkSitoM ke lie hitakara upadeza haiM / isameM eka sau assI kriyAvAdI matoM, caurAsI prakriyAvAdI matoM, sar3asaTha ajJAnavAdI matoM evaM battIsa vinayavAdI matoM - isa prakAra kula milAkara tIna sau tresaTha anya matoM para carcA kI gaI hai / ina saba kI samIkSA ke pazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ahiMsA hI dharma kA mUla svarUpa aura zreSTha tatva hai / sUtra kRtAMga ke do zrutaskandha haiM / isake prathama zrutaskandha meM solaha aura dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM sAta isa taraha kula 23 adhyayana, 33 uddezanakAla, 33 samuddezanakAla tathA 36,000 pada haiM / samavAyAMga sUtra kI 23 vIM samavAya meM sUtra kRtAMga ke tebIsa adhyayanoM kA nAmollekha bhI kiyA gayA hai / naMdisUtra meM sUtrakRtAMga kA paricaya dete hue batAyA gayA hai ki isameM loka, aloka, lokAloka, jIva prajIva, svasamaya, tathA parasamaya kA nidarzana aura kriyAvAdI, prakriyAvAdI Adi 363 pASaNDa matoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / digambara paramparA ke aMga paNNatti, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, rAjavArtika Adi mAnya granthoM meM jo sUtrakRtAMga kA paricaya diyA gayA hai vaha kAphI aMzoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA diye gae isa aMga ke paricaya se milatA-julatA hai / digambara paramparA ke "pratikramaNa graMthatrayI" nAmaka graMtha meM sUtrakRtAMga ke 23 zradhyayana haiM, isa prakAra kA ullekha - " tevIsAe suddayaDa' jbhAraNesu" - isa pada se kiyA hai / isa pATha kI prabhAcandrakRta vRtti meM ina tevIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma , sUyagaDaM aMgAraNa bitiyaM, tassa ya imAriNa nAmANi / sUtagaDa, suttakaDaM, suyagaDaM ceva goNNAI // 2 // [ sUtrakRtAMga zra0 javAharalAlajI ma0dvArA saMpAdita, prastA0 pR0 6 ] sudda yA sutta aura kRta kA prAkRta rUpa yaDa yA kaDa, isa prakAra [sampAdaka ] 2 sUtra kA prAkRta rUpa saMskRta zabda sUtrakRta kA prAkRta svarUpa suddayaDa hotA hai /

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2-sUkSakRtAMga] kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA diye gaye haiM, jinakA zvetAmbara paramparA ko Avazyaka vRtti meM diye gae nAmoM se nagaNya antara ko chor3a pUrNa sAmya hai| prathama zrutaskandha - isake 16 adhyayanoM meM se prathama "samaya" adhyayana meM para-samaya kA paricaya dekara usakA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| yahAM parigraha ko bandha aura hiMsA ko vairaddhi kA kAraNa batAkara kucha paravAdiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| unameM bhUtavAda, AtmAdvaitavAda, ekAtmavAda, dehAtmavAda, akArakavAda (sAMkhya), aAtma SaSTavAda, paMca skandhavAda, kriyAvAda, kartRtvavAda aura rAzika Adi kA paricaya dekara una vAdoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyayana meM pArivArika moha se nivRtti, parISahajaya, kaSAyajaya, Adi kA upadeza, sUryAsta ke pazcAt vihAra kA niSedha aura kAma-moha se nivRtta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| tIsare upasarga adhyayana meM anukUla, pratikUla parISaha sahana kA upadeza dete hae anakUla parISaha se pratikUla parISaha kI apekSA adhika hAni batAI gaI hai| sAtha hI isameM usa samaya kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki kucha loga jahA~ jala se, kucha loga pAhAra grahaNa karane se, kucha AhAra grahaNa na karane se mukti mAnate haiM, vahAM Asila, dvIpAyana Adi RSi pAnI pIne aura vanaspati bhakSaNa se siddhi mAnate haiN| isa adhyayana ke anta meM glAna-sevA aura upasarga-sahana kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| "strI parijJA" nAmaka caturtha adhyayana meM strI sambandhI parISahoM ko sahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| pAMcave narakavibhakti nAmaka adhyayana ke do uddezakoM meM yaha batAte hue ki bhogoM se naraka gati hotI hai-naraka ke duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaTe "vIrastuti" nAmaka adhyayana meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke guNAnuvAda aura upamAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtaveM "kuzIla" nAmaka adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo hiMsaka jisa jIva-kAya kI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha usI jIvanikAya meM utpanna hokara vedanA bhogatA hai| yahAM upasargasahana evaM rAgadveSa kI nivRtti se karmakSaya aura mokSa kA lAbha batAyA gayA hai| ... AThaveM, vIrya adhyayana meM bAla aura paMDita vIrya ke bheda se manuSya kI zakti ke upayoga kI dRSTi se 2 prakAra batalAye gaye haiN| inheM karmavIrya aura akarmavIrya bhI kahA gayA hai| nauveM-"dharma" adhyayana meM dharma kA svarUpa batalAte hue bAhya aura AbhyaMtara parigraha kA tyAga tathA hiMsA, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha aura kaSAya ko karmabandha kA kAraNa batalAkara inake tyAga evaM anAcAravarjana kA upadeza bhI diyA gayA hai|

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112 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [2. sUtrakRtAMga . dazave - "samAdhi' adhyayana meM hisAniSedha, saMyamapAlana aura samatva kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / dhArmika vyakti ko pApa se sadA usI prakAra Darate rahane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai jisa prakAra ki mRga siMha se DaratA rahatA hai| gyArahaveM "mArga" adhyayana meM mokSa-mArga para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / bArahaveM "samavasaraNa' adhyayana meM prakriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI, vinayavAdI, aura kriyAvAdI 'aise 4 samavasaraNoM kA varNana hai / isameM mukti, ekAntakriyAvAda se nahIM kintu sarvajJasambhata jJAna-kriyA se batAI gaI hai| terahaveM adhyayana meM yathAtathya sthiti kA varNana karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki krodha ke duSpariNAma samajhakara suziSya ko pApabhIrU, lajjAvAn, zraddhAlu, amAyI aura AjJApAlaka honA caahiye| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki abhimAnI kA tapa nirarthaka hotA hai aura jJAna evaM lAbha kA mada karane vAlA ajJAnI hai ataH mada nahIM karane vAlA hI paNDita evaM mokSagAmI kahA gayA hai| caudahaveM - "graMtha adhyayana" meM jIvananirmANa kI vividha zikSAoM ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko prathama gurukulavAsa-gurujanoM kA sahavAsa Avazyaka hai| aparigraha, brahmacarya, prAjJApAlana aura apramAda sAdhanA ke pramukha aMga haiN| isameM Age kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko hAsya, apriya satya, pratiSThA kI cAha aura kaSAya se bacate rahanA Avazyaka hai| pandrahaveM - "yAdAna adhyayana" meM strI liMga-tyAga aura niSkAma-sAdhanA kA upadeza dete hue ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA se bhavabhramaNa miTanA batalAyA gayA hai| ___ solahaveM - "gAthA adhyayana' meM sAdhu ke "mAhana", "zramaraNa", "bhikkhu" aura "nirgrantha' ye cAra nAma dekara inakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| dUsare zrutaskandha meM 7 adhyayana meM / prathama "puNDarIka" adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki saMsAra sarovara meM sAdhu rUkSa vatti se rahatA hA rAjA Adi adhikArI ko nispRha bhAva se dharmopadeza karate.hue sva-para kalyANa kA adhikArI hotA hai| anta meM zramaNa ke solaha paryAyavAcI zabda batAye gaye haiN| dUsare-"kriyAsthAna adhyAya" meM 13 kriyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kriyA ke sandarbha meM dharmasthAna ko upazAnta aura adharma ko anupazAnta sthAna kahA gayA hai / saMkSepa meM saMsArI jIvoM ke tIna bhAga kiye gaye haiN| inameM nirArambhI munijIvana ko dharmapakSa kaha kara upAdeya aura mahA ArambhI gRhasthoM ke adharmapakSa ko aura mizra pakSa lo heya batalAyA gayA hai / kintu dhArmika gRhasthoM kA dharmAdharmamizrita jIvana upAdeya kahA gayA hai / tIsare 'pAhAra parijJA adhyayana" meM jIvoM ke AhAra kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / vanaspati ke grAhAra para vistRta vicAra hai / vanaspatiyAM pRthvIyaunika, vRkSayaunika rUpa se mukhyataH do prakAra kI batAI gaI haiM / vRkSoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa AhAraka zarIra aura unake vibhinna 10 aMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna jIva batalAye gaye

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2. sUtrakRtAMga kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA hai / kucha vanaspatiyAM udakayaunika bhI batAI gaI haiN| anta meM prAraNabhUta jIva tatva kI aneka yoniyoM meM utpatti, AhAra, zarIra aura tatvoM ke svarUpa ko pahicAna kara muni ko "pAhAragupta" rahane kI zikSA dI gaI hai| 'cauthe - "pratyAkhyAna adhyayana" meM, yaha batAte hue ki pratyAkhyAna nahIM karane se sarvadA pApa-karmoM kA upArjana hotA hai, pratyAkhyAna karane kI zikSA dI gaI hai| / pAMcaveM - "prAcArazrRta adhyayana" meM ekAnta vacana kA niSedha karate hue anAcAra ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / chaThe prArdrakumAra ke adhyayana meM prArdrakumAra ke gozAlaka, brAhmaNoM aura hastitApasoM ke sAtha saMvAda kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prasaMgopAtta zAkya bhikSuSoM kI bhojanacaryA kA bhI isameM varNana hai| sAtaveM - "nAlandIya adhyayana" meM lepa gAthApati ke dhArmika jIvana aura usake dvArA bhavana-nirmANa se bacI huI sAmagrI se banAI gaI "sesadaviyA" nAma kI eka udakazAlA kA ullekha hai| isake pazcAt usa udakazAlA se IzAna koNastha vanakhaNDa ke eka bhAga meM virAjamAna indrabhUti gautama ke sAtha pArdhApatya paiDhAlaputra kA saMvAda aura gautama se pratibodha pAkara paiDhAlaputra dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa cAturyAma dharma kA parityAga kara paMcamahAvrata-dharma svIkAra karane kA ullekha hai| uparokta saMvAda meM praznottara ke saMdarbha meM eka sthAna para yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo loga sampUrNa pApoM kA parityAga nahIM kara sakane kI sthiti meM dezavirati dharma svIkAra kara trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karate haiM vaha tyAga bhI unake liye kuzala evaM lAbha kA kAraNa hotA hai| isameM sthAvara kAya kI hisA ke khule rakhane kA tyAga karAne vAle ko doSa nahIM lgtaa| isa bAta ko samajhAne ke lie eka udAharaNa diyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : ratnapura ke rAjA ne eka dina kaumudI mahotsava ke avasara para apane nagara meM ghoSaNA karavAI ki mahotsava ke dina koI bhI puruSa nagara meM na rhe| yadi koI vyakti rAtri ke samaya nagara meM rahA to use mRtyudaNDa diyA jAyagA / rAjAjJAnusAra kaumudI-mahotsava ke dina sabhI loga saMdhyA hote-hote nagara se bAhara cale gaye lekina eka vyApArI ke chaH pUtra kArya meM atyadhika vyasta rahane ke kAraNa samaya para nagara se bAhara nahIM jA sake / sUryAsta ke pazcAt jaba ve zreSThiputra nagara se bAhara jAne ke lie udyata hue to unhoMne nagara ke saba dvAra banda pAye / pariNAmataH bhayabhIta hokara ve chahoM bhAI kisI gupta sthAna meM chupa baitthe| dUsare dina guptacaroM dvArA rAjA ko jaba yaha jJAta huA ki rAtri meM 6 zreSThiputra rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana kara nagara ke andara hI rahe, to vaha bar3A kruddha hraa| rAjA ne chahoM variNakaputroM ke vadha kI AjJA dii| apane putroM ke vadha kI sUcanA milate hI zreSThI bar3A dukhita hmaa| usane rAjA ke pAsa jAkara prArthanA kI

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114 jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga 2. mUtrakRtAMga "svAmina ! mere kula kA sarvanAza mata kriye| mere pAsa jitanI sampatti hai vaha .saba lekara bhI mere putroM ko jIvanadAna de diijiye|" / rAjA ne kupita ho kahA- 'pApiSTa! rAjA kI prAjJA kA ullaMghana rAjA ke prANaharaNa tulya hai| tere putroM ne merI prAjJA kI avahelanA kI hai ataH maiM unheM kisI bhI taraha kSamA nahIM kara sktaa|" dhaSThI ne pUnaH karuNa svara meM prArthanA kI- 'svAmin ! yadi prANadaNDa hI denA hai to mere 6 putroM meM se kisI eka ko prAraNadaNDa dekara zeSa ko daNDamukta kara diijiye|" - rAjA ne zreSThI kI isa prArthanA ko bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| tatpazcAt zreSThI ne kramazaH cAra, tIna aura do pUtroM ko chor3ane kI prArthanAeM kIM para rAjA ne usakI eka bhI prArthanA svIkAra nahIM kii| anta meM zreSThI ne ghabar3Akara pratiSThita nAgarikoM ke mAdhyama se atyanta vinayapUrvaka prArthanA kI -- "svAmin ! Apa prajA ke pitA haiM ataH hamArI rakSA karanA ApakA kartavya hai| hama ApakI zaraNa meM haiM, cAhe tAro yA maaro|" isa prakAra kahate hue vaha zreSThI rAjA ke pairoM para gira pdd'aa| zreSThI kI sAnanaya prArthanA se dravita ho rAjA ne bhI usake 6 putroM meM se eka jyeSTha putra ko mukta kara diyaa| sarvanAza kI apekSA eka jyeSTha putra bacA isI se saMtoSa mAnakara zreSThI apane ghara gyaa| . " jisa prakAra rAjA dvArA zreSThI ke sabhI putroM ko mRtyudaNDa dene kA Agraha karane para zreSThI ne apane eka putra ke daNDamukta hone meM bhI bar3A saMtoSa maanaa| yahAM para pAMca putroM kI mRtyu meM zreSThI ko doSI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki zreSThI ke mana meM unakI mRtyu ke lie kiMcitmAtra bhI anumati nahIM apitu vivazatA thii| usI prakAra sAdhu dvArA SaTakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacAne kA upadeza hone para bhI gahastha rAjA ke samAna kevala basakAya kI hiMsA kA hI tyAga karatA hai, 5 sthAvarakAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM chor3atA, isameM vratadAtA muni doSa kA bhAgI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| . sUtra kRtAMga vastutaH pratyeka sAdhaka ke liye dArzanika jJAna kI prApti meM bar3A pathapradarzaka hai| muniyoM ke liye isakA adhyayana, cintana, manana aura . nididhyAsana paramAvazyaka hai| isameM ucca prAdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM DhAlane, sabhI prakAra ke anya matoM kA. parityAga karane, vinaya ko pradhAna bhUSaNa mAnakara Adarza zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karane Adi kI bar3I prabhAvapUrNa DhaMga se preraNAeM dI gaI haiN| dArzanika dRSTi se yaha Agama usa samaya kI cintana praNAlI kA bar3A hI manohArI digdarzana prastuta karatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Ane vAle bhISaNa se bhISaNa upasargoM se vicalita, paricitoM ke snehasikta madhura saMlApoM se patita na

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2. sUtrakRtAMga] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 115 hote hue prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke patha para uttarottara agrasara hone vAlA sAdhaka hI apane carama lakSya ko prApta karane meM saphala hotA hai| sutrakRtAMga meM AdhyAtmika viSayoM para diye gaye sundara evaM sodAharaNa vivecanoM se bhAratIya jIvana, darzana aura adhyAtmatatva kA bhalIbhAMti bodha ho jAtA hai / mAja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva hamAre yahAM bhAratavarSa meM kauna-kauna se dharma evaM saMpradAya pracalita the aura unakI kisa-kisa prakAra kI mAnyatAeM thIM, isa sambandha meM sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke pahale evaM bArahaveM tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 'puNDarIka', 'mAIkIya' aura 'nAlaMdIya' adhyayanoM meM bar3A sundara digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| vaha vastutaH aitihAsika, dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se paramopayogI hai| ___3. sthAnAMga dvAdazAMgI meM sthAnAMga kA tIsarA sthAna hai| samavAyAMga evaM nandI sUtra meM jo prAgamoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM sthAnAMga kA paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullikhita hai : sthAnAMga nAmaka tIsare pakSa meM svasamaya, parasamaya, sva-para ubhaya samaya, jIva, ajIva, jIvAjIva, loka, aloka aura lokAloka kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isameM jIvAdika padArthoM kA unake dravya, guraNa, kSetra, kAla aura paryAya kI daSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM eka sthAna, do sthAna, yAvat daza sthAna se dazavidha vaktavyatA kI sthApanA tathA dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, Adi dravyoM kI prarUpaNA kI gaI hai| sthAnAMga meM vAcanAeM, anuyogadvAra, pratipattiyAM, veSTaka, niyuktiyAM aura saMgrahaNiyAM-ye pratyeka saMkhyAta-saMkhyAta haiN| aMga kI apekSA yaha tIsarA aMga hai / isameM eka zrutaskandha, daza adhyayana, 21 uddezanakAla, 21 samuddezanakAla, 72,000 pada, akSara saMkhyAta, gama ananta, paryAya ananta, tathA isakI varNana-paridhi meM asaMkhyAta trasa aura ananta sthAvara haiN| vartamAna meM upalabdha isa sUtra kA pATha 3770 zloka parimAraNa hai| sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga - ye do sUtra anya daza aGgoM se bhinna prakAra ke saMkalanAtmaka aGga haiN| ina donoM aGgoM meM jaina pravacanasammata tathA lokasammata tathyoM ke rUpa meM saMsAra kI prAyaH sabhI vastuoM kA saMkhyA ke krama se koza-zailI meM saMgrahAtmaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| agaNita tathyoM ko sthAyI rUpa se cirakAla taka smRtipaTala para aGkita rakhane aura athAha jJAnArNava meM se abhISTa tathya ko tatkAla khoja nikAlane kI adbhuta kSamatAzAlinI jisa zailI kA ina do aGgoM kI racanA meM upayoga kiyA gayA hai vaha vastutaH advitIya aura bar3I hI upayogI zailI hai| - sthAnAMga meM saMkhyAkrama se dravya, guraga evaM kriyAnoM Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake prathama prakaraNa meM eka-eka, dUsare meM do-do, tIsare meM tIna-tIna,

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga . [ 3. sthAnAMga isa anukrama se antima prakaraNa meM daza-daza vastuoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jisa saMkhyA kI vastu kA nirUpaNa jisa prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai, usI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para isake prakaraNoM kA nAma prathama sthAna, dvitIya sthAna, tRtIya sthAna aura isI anukrama se antima prakaraNa kA nAma dazama sthAna rakhA gayA hai / jisa prakaraNa meM tatsaMkhyAviSayaka nirUpaNIya sAmagrI kA prAcurya ho gayA, vahAM usa prakaraNa ke upavibhAga kara diye gaye haiN| dUsare, tIsare tathA cauthe- ina tInoM prakaraNoM ke, pratyeka ke cAra-cAra upavibhAga aura pAMcaveM prakaraNa ke 3 upavibhAga haiN| prathama tathA chaThe se dazaveM taka ina 6 sthAnoM meM pRthaka koI upavibhAga nahIM hai| 15 uddezakoM aura 6 adhyayanoM ke, pratyeka ke eka-eka uddezanakAla ke hisAba se sthAnAMga sUtra ke kula milA kara 21 uddezanakAla aura 21 hI samuddezanakAla hote haiN| prastuta sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa-pazcAt dUsarI se chaThI zatAbdI taka ke avAntara kAla kI kucha ghaTanAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| use dekhakara kucha itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ko isa prakAra kI bhrAMti hotI hai ki sthAnAMga sUtra kI racanA gaNadharoM dvArA nahIM apitu kisI arvAcona prAcArya dvArA kI gaI hai / apane isa abhimata kI puSTi meM ve yaha tarka prastuta karate haiM-"sthAnAMgasUtra ke nauveM sthAna meM godAsa se koDinna taka ke 6 gaNoM kA ullekha hai para vastutaH ve gaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lagabhaga 200 varSa pazcAt astitva meM Aye / isI prakAra 7 veM sthAna meM jo 7 ninhavoM kA ullekha hai unameM rohagupta nAmaka ninhava vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI ke anta meM huA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lagabhaga 200 aura 600 varSoM pazcAt ghaTita haI ghaTanAoM kA sthAnAMga meM ullekha honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki isakI racanA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM garagadharoM dvArA nahIM apitu bhagavAna ke nirvANa se 600 varSa pazcAt kinhIM prAcAryoM dvArA kI gaI hai|" kintu isa prakAra kevala ina ullekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha mAnyatA banA lenA ki sthAnAMga sUtra kI racanA hI kisI paravartI prAcArya ne kI hai, kisI bhI dazA meM nyAyocita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dvAdazAMgI ke vilupta ho jAne kI mAnyatA abhivyakta karane vAlI digambara paramparA bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatI hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA arthataH upadeza bhagavAn mahAvIra ne diyA aura gaNadharoM ne usI ko zabda rUpa meM grathita kiyaa| aisI sthiti meM kisI pazcAdvartI ghaTanA kA sthAnAMga meM ullekha dekhakara binA vicAre hI yaha kaha denA ki yaha gaNadhara kI kRti nahI kisI pazcAdvartI prAcArya kI kRti hai - kadApi nyAyasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| isa para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM do bAteM vizeSa vicAraNIya haiM / prathama to yaha ki atizayajJAnI sUtrakAra ne katipaya bhAvI ghaTanAoM kI pUrvasUcanA bahata pahale hI de dI ho to isameM Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM jaise ki sthAnAMga ke navama sthAna meM AgAmI utsarpiNI kAla ke bhAvI

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3. sthAnAMga] kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA tIrthaMkara mahApadma kA caritracitraNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki zruti-paramparA se calA Ane vAlA AgamapATha skaMdilAcArya aura devadi gaNI dvArA AgamavAcanA meM sthira kiyA gyaa| saMbhava hai usa sthirIkaraNa ke samaya mUla bhAvoM ko yathAvat surakSita rakhate hue bhI usameM prasaMgocita samajha kara kucha Avazyaka pATha bar3hAyA gayA ho| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki bhaviSyakAla kI ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM jina ghaTanAoM kA Agama meM ullekha kiyA gayA thA, AgamavAcanA ke samaya taka ve ghaTanAeM ghaTita ho cukane ke kAraNa bhAvI ghaTanAeM na raha kara bhUta . kI ghaTanAeM bana cukI thIM ataH unheM yathAvat bhaviSya kI ghaTanAoM ke rUpa meM hI ullikhita kiye jAne kI avasthA meM kahIM bhrAMti na ho jAya isa dRSTi se AgamavAcanA ke samaya sarvasammati se saMgha dvArA bhaviSya kAla kI kriyA ke sthAna para bhUtakAla kI kriyA kA prayoga kara diyA gayA ho| zAsanahita meM sAmayika saMvarddhana karane kA gItArtha prAcAryoM ko pUrNa adhikAra thaa| aisI sthiti meM yaha zaMkA karanA ki sthAnAMga maulika nahIM hai- yaha sarvathA adUradarzitApUrNa evaM anucita hai| sthAnAMga ke 10 sthAnoM meM kramazaH jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai usako saMkSepa meM yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : (1) prathama sthAna meM AtmA, anAtmA, dharma, adharma, baMdha aura mokSa Adi ko sAmAnya dRSTi se eka batalAyA gayA hai| guNa-dharma evaM svabhAva kI samAnatA ke kAraNa aneka bhinna-bhinna padArthoM ko eka batAyA gayA hai| prArdA citrA aura svAti kA eka-eka tArA batAkara prakaraNa pUrA kiyA gayA hai / (2) dUsare prakaraNa meM vodha kI sulabhatA ke liye jIvAdi padArthoM ke dodo prakAra kiye haiN| jaise AtmA ke do prakAra-siddha aura sNsaarii| dharma do prakAra kA AgAra dharma, anAgAra dharma, zrutadharma, cAritradharma / baMdha ke do prakAra - rAgabandha evaM dveSabaMdha / vItarAga ke do prakAra - upazAnta kaSAya aura kSINa kaSAya / kAla ke do prakAra-avasarpiNI kAla evaM utsarpiNI kAla / rAzi do - jIvarAzi tathA ajova rAzi / do prakAra ke maraNa - bAlamaraNa aura paNDitamaraNa / (3) tIsare vibhAga meM kucha aura sthUla dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jaise-dRSTi 3-samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi aura mizra dRSTi / tIna veda - strIveda, puMveda aura napuMsakaveda / pakSa tIna - dharma pakSa, adharma pakSa aura dharmAdharma pakSa / loka tIna-Urdhvaloka, madhyaloka aura adholoka / AhAra ke tIna prakAra - sacittapAhAra acitta AhAra aura mizra AhAra / tIna prakAra kA parigraha - sacitta parigraha, dAsa-dAsI-pazu Adi, acitta parigraha - sonA, cAMdI Adi, mizra parigraha - AbhUSaNayukta daasdaasii| azubha dIrghAyu ke tIna kAraNa - prANaghAta karanA, mRSA bolanA evaM tathArUpa zramaNa kI hIlanA, nindA tathA tiraskAra karanA evaM amanojJa azanAdi se pratilAbha denA ityAdi /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ 3. sthAnAMga (4) cauthe prakaraNa meM strI-puruSa, prAcArya zrAvaka Adi ke cAra-cAra vikalpa kara saikar3oM prakAra kI caubhaMgiyAM batAI gaI haiN| jaise-khajUra Upara se mRdu aura andara se kaThora (1), bAdAma jisa prakAra Upara se kaThora andara komala ( 2 ), jisa prakAra supArI andara aura bAhara donoM hI prora se kaThora ( 3 ) aura drAkSA - jisa prakAra Upara se bhI mRdu tathA andara se bhI mRdu (4) / 118 cAra puruSa - rUpavAna - guNahIna, (1) guNavAna -rUpahIna, (2) rUpa aura guraga donoM se rahita ( 3 ), tathA rUpa aura guNa ubhaya - sampanna ( 4 ) | cAra prakAra kI nAriyAM-rUpavatI para zIlavihIna ( 1 ), zIlavatI para rUpavihIna ( 2 ), rUpa aura zIla ubhayasampanna, ( 3 ) rUpa aura zIla ubhayahIna ( 4 ) / cAra prakAra ke kuMbha - amRta kA kuMbha - mukha para viSa (1) viSakuMbha - mukha para amRta ( 2 ), viSakuMbha aura viSabharA Dhakkana (3), tathA amRta kA ghar3A-amRta kA Dhakkana ( 4 ) / cAra prakAra ke puruSa - kArya kare para mAna nahIM, (1), mAna kare kArya nahIM (2), kArya bhI kare aura mAna bhI kare ( 3 ) aura na kArya kare na mAna kare ( 4 ) ityAdi / (5) pAMcaveM prakaraNa meM jIvAdi padArthoM ko 5 prakAra se batalAyA hai / jIva ke 5 prakAra - ekendriya ( 1 ), dvIndriya ( 2 ), trIndriya ( 3 ), caturindriya (4) aura paMcendriya ( 5 ) / viSaya pAMca - zabda viSaya ( 1 ), rUpa ( 2 ), gandha ( 3 ), rasa ( 4 ) aura sparza viSaya ( 5 ) | indriyAM 5 - zravaNendriya ( 1 ), cakSu iMndriya (2), dhAraNendriya (3), rasanendriya ( 4 ) aura sparzana - indriya ( 5 ) / jIva ke. 5 guraNa - utthAna (1), krama (2), bala (3), vIrya, (4) aura puruSakAra - parAkrama (5) / ajIva ke pAMca prakAra - dharmAstikAya ( 1 ), adharmAstikAya ( 2 ), AkAzAstikAya ( 3 ), pudgalAstikAya ( 4 ), aura kAla dravya ( 5 ) / Asrava ke pAMca prakAra - mithyAtva ( 1 ), avirati ( 2 ), pramAda (3), kaSAya ( 4 ) aura azubhayoga - Asrava ( 5 ) / pAMca prakAra kA mithyAtva abhigrahika ( 1 ), anAbhigrahika ( 2 ), abhiniveza ( 3 ) saMzaya mithyAtva ( 4 ) aura pranAbhoga mithyAtva ( 5 ) ityAdi / (6) chaThe prakaraNa meM jIvAdi padArthoM kA chaH-chaH kI saMkhyA meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / jaise- jIva chaH prakAra kA pRthvIkAyika jIva ( 1 ), apkAyika jIva ( 2 ), tejaskAyika jIva ( 3 ), vAyukAyika jIva ( 4 ), vanaspatikAyika jIva - -

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116 ":3. sthAnAMga] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA (5) aura trasakAyika jIva (6) / jIva kI chaH prakAra ko lezyA (manovatti)kRSNa lezyA (1), nIla lezyA (2), kApota lezyA (3), tejo lezyA (4), padma lezyA (5) aura zukla lezyA (6) / AhAra-grahaNa ke cha: kAraNa, chaH prakAra kA bAhyatapa, chaH prakAra kA prAntarika tapa ityAdi / sAtaveM prakaraNa meM pUrvokta padArthoM kA sAta kI saMkhyA meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaise-jIva ke sAta prakAra-sUkSma ekendriya (1), bAdara ekendriya (2), dvIndriya (3), trIndriya (4), caturindriya (5), asajJI paMcendriya (6) aura saMjJI paMcendriya (7) / sAta bhaya ke sthAna-isa loka kA bhaya (1), paraloka kA bhaya (2), AdAna bhaya (3), prAkasmika bhaya (4), ayaza bhaya (5), prAjIvikA bhaya (6) aura maraNa bhaya (7) / sapta svara kA svara maNDala meM vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM jamAli Adi sAta ninhavoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| (8) AThaveM sthAna meM prAtmA Adi kA pATha saMkhyA se varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaise - prAtmA ATha prakAra kA-dravya prAtmA (1), kaSAya prAtmA (2), yoga prAtmA (3), upayoga AtmA (4), jJAna prAtmA (5), darzana prAtmA (6), cAritra AtmA (7) aura vIrya pAtmA (8) / pATha prakAra kA madasthAna- jAti mada sthAna (1), kula mada sthAna (2), bala mada (3), rUpa mada (4), lAbha mada (5), tapa mada (6), zruta mada (7) aura aizvarya mada sthAna (8) / pATha prakAra kI samiti- IryA-samiti (1), bhASA-samiti (2), eSaNA-samiti (3), AdAna-nikSeparaNA-samiti (4), pariSThApanA-samiti (5), mana-samiti (6), - vAksamiti (7) aura kAya-samiti (8) / (E) nauveM sthAna meM pratyeka padArtha kA 6 kI saMkhyA meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM nava tattva, nava brahmacarya-gupti aura cakravartI kI nidhiyoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / puNya ke 6 prakAra - anna puNya (1), pAna puNya (2), layana puNya (3), zayana puNya (4), vastra puNya (5), mana puNya (6), vacana puNya (7) kAya puNya (8) aura namaskAra puNya (8) / 6 pApa ke sthAna -prAraNAtipAta (1), mRSAbhASaNa (2), caurya (3), abrahma (4), parigraha (5), krodha (6), mAna (7) mAyA (8) aura lobha (6) / nava koTi pratyAkhyAna-hiMsA karanA nahIM, karAnA nahIM, karane vAle ko bhalA jAnanA nahIM (3), pakAnA nahIM, pakavAnA nahIM aura pakAne vAle kA anumodana karanA nahIM (6), na kharIdanA, na kharIdavAnA aura na kharIdane vAle kA anumodana karanA (6) / ityaadi| (10) dazaveM prakaraNa meM pratyeka vastu kA 10-10 kI saMkhyA se varNana kiyA gayA hai| dharma ke 10 prakAra-kSAnti (1), makti-nirlobhatA (2), mArjava. dharma (3), mArdavadharma (4), lAghavadharma (5), satyadharma (6), saMyamadharma (7), tapadharma (8), tyAgadharma (8) aura brahmacaryavAsa (10) / 10 prakAra kA dharmagrAmadharma (1), nagaradharma (2), kuladharma (3), gaNadharma (4), saMghadharma (5),

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..120 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [3. sthAnAMga , rASTradharma (6), pASaNDadharma (7), zrutadharma (8), cAritradharma (8) aura astikAyadharma-vastudharma (10) / daza prakAra kA dAna-anukampA dAna (1), saMgrahadAna (2), bhayadAna (3), zokadAna (4), lajjAdAna (5), ahaMkAradAna (6), adharmadAna (7), dharmadAna (8), bhaviSya ke lAbha hetu dAna (6) aura upakAra ke badale kRtajJatAdAna (10) / daza prakAra kA sukha- zarIra kI nirogatA (1), dIrgha prAyu (2), pADhayatA (3), zabda evaM rUpa kA kAmasukha (4), iSTa gandha, iSTa rasa aura iSTa sparza rUpa bhogasukha (5), saMtoSa (6), AvazyakatA kI pUrti (5), susayoga (mAnasika) (8), niSkramaNa - tyAga-grahaNa (9) aura nirAbAdha sukha mokSa (10) / isameM 10 prakAra kI loka sthiti, krodhotpatti ke 10 kAraNa, abhimAna ke 10 kAraNa, 10 prakAra kI samAdhi, AlocanA ke 10 doSa, 10 prakAra kA prAyazcitta, sukAla-dukAla ke 10-10 lakSaNa, 10 prakAra ke kalpavRkSa, zatAyu puruSa kI 10 dazA, jJAna vRddhi ke 10 nakSatra aura 10 Azcaryo kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga kI mahattA viSaya ko gambhIratA evaM nayajJAna kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga sUtra kI bahuta bar3I mahattA mAnI gaI hai| isameM jo koza-zailI apanAI gaI hai vaha bar3I hI upayogI aura vicArapUrNa hai| bauddha paramparA ke aMguttaranikAya, puggalapaNNattI, mahAvyutpatti evaM dharmasaMgraha meM tathA vaidika paramparA ke mahAbhArata (vanaparva, adhyAya 134) meM bhI isI zailI se saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| isake gambhIra bhAvoM ko samajhane vAlA zrutasthavira mAnA gayA hai| jainAgama meM batAye gaye tIna prakAra ke sthaviroM meM se zrutasthavira ke lie "ThANasamavAyadhare" isa prakAra ke vizeSaNa dvArA sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke dhAraka hone kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isake viSayoM aura vicAroM kI gambhIratA evaM durUhatA ke kAraNa svayaM TIkAkAra abhayadevasUrI ne isakI vyAkhyA karate samaya apanI kaThinAI kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai - "prastuta sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke samaya siddhAntajJAna kI sahI paramparA kA abhAva hai aura Avazyaka tarkazakti kA bhI yoga nahIM hai / sva tathA para zAstroM kA avalokana bhI yathAvat nahIM ho sakA aura na dRSTa evaM zruta viSayoM kA pUrNa smaraNa hI rahA hai| isake uparAMta vAcanAmoM kI anekatA, prAdarza pustakoM kA prazuddha-lekhana, sUtra kI atizaya gambhIratA aura sthAna-sthAna para matabhedoM ke kAraNa isakI samIcIna rUpa se vyAkhyA karane meM skhalanAeM saMbhava haiN| vivekazIla vicAraka isase kevala zAstrasammata artha ko hI grahaNa kreN|'' satsaMpradAyahInatvAt, sadUhasya viyogataH / * sarvasvaparazAstrANAmadRSTerasmRtezca me // 1 // vAcanAnAmanekatvAt, pustakAnAmazuddhataH / sUtrANAmatigAmbhIryAta, matabhedAcca kutracit / / 2 / / bhUNAni saMbhavantIha kevalaM suvivekibhiH / siddhAntAnugamo yo'rthaH so smAt grAhyo na cetaraH / / 3 / / [sthAnAMga-vRtti prazasti]

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kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 4. samavAyAMga dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM samavAyAMga kA cauthA sthAna hai / isameM koTAkoTisamavAya ke pazcAt jo dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, usameM aura nandIsUtra meM samavAyAMga kA paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullikhita hai : :-- 4. samavAyAMga ] " samavAyAMga kI parimita vAcanAeM, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra, saMkhyAta ver3hA (chandavizeSa), saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niyuktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyAM, saMkhyAta pratipattiyAM, eka zrutaskandha, eka adhyayana, eka uddezanakAla, eka hI samuddezanakAla, 1,44,000 pada aura saMkhyAta akSara haiN| isakI varNanaparidhi meM ananta gama, ananta paryAya, parimita trasa, ananta sthAvara aura jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita bhAvoM kA varNana, prarUparaNa, nidarzana aura upadeza AtA hai / " 121 samavAyAMga kA vartamAna meM upalabdha pATha 1667 zloka-parimANa hai| isameM saMkhyAkrama se saMgraha kI praNAlI ke mAdhyama se pRthvI, AkAza, aura pAtAla-ina tInoM lokoM ke jIvAdi samasta tatvoM kA dravya, kSetra, kAla, aura bhAva kI dRSTi se saMkhyA eka se lekara koTAnukoTi saMkhyA taka bar3A mahatvapUrNa paricaya diyA gayA hai / isameM AdhyAtmika tatvoM, tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM, cakravartiyoM aura vAsudevoM se sambandhita ullekhoM ke sAtha-sAtha bhUgarbha, bhUgola, khagola-sUrya, candra, nakSatra evaM tAroM prAdi ke sambandha meM bar3I hI upayogI sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai / sthAnAMga kI taraha samavAyAMga meM bhI saMkhyA ke krama se tathA kahIM-kahIM usa praNAlI ko chor3akara vastunoM ke bhedopabheda kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMga sUtra kI pratyeka samavAya meM samAna saMkhyA vAle bhinna-bhinna viSayoM evaM vastuyoM se sambaM dhita sAmagrI kA saMkalanAtmaka saMgraha hone ke kAraNa viSayAnukrama se isakA paricaya diyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai ataH moTe rUpa meM samavAya ke krama ko dRSTigata rakhate hue isakA saMkSipta paricaya yahAM diyA jA rahA hai / samavAyAMga meM dravya kI apekSA se jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, Adi kA ( 1 ), kSetra kI apekSA se loka, aloka, siddhazilA Adi kA (2), samaya, zrAvalikA, muhUrta Adi se lekara patyopama, sAgaropama, utsarpiNI, avasarpiNI, aura pudgalaparAvartana Adi kAla kI apekSA se devoM, manuSyoM, tiryaMcoM aura nAraka prAdi jIvoM kI sthiti Adi kA ( 3 ), tathA bhAva kI apekSA se jJAna, darzana, vIrya Adi jIva-bhAva aura varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza, guru, laghu Adi ajIva-bhAva kA (4) varNana kiyA gayA hai / samavAyAMga kI pahalI samavAya meM eka saMkhyA vAle jIva, ajIva pradi tatvoM kA ullekha karate huye zrAtmA, loka, dharma, adharma Adi ko saMgraha naya kI apekSA se eka-eka batAyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt eka lAkha yojana kI lambAI caur3AI vAle jambUdvIpa, savArthasiddha vimAna, eka tArA vAle nakSatra, eka sAgara kI

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122 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [4. samavAyAMga sthiti vAle nAraka, deva, Adi kA, asaMkhya varSa kI prAyu vAle saMjJI tiyaMca paMcendriyoM evaM manuSyoM prAdi kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| ___ samavAya saMkhyA 2 meM arthadaNDa evaM anartha daNDa-do prakAra ke daNDa, rAgabandha evaM dveSabandha-do prakAra ke bandha isa rUpa meM do saMkhyA vAlI vastuoM kA ullekha karate huye anta meM kucha bhavasiddhikoM kI do bhava se mukti honA batAyA gayA hai / tIsarI samavAya meM- manadaNDa, vacanadaNDa aura kAyadaNDa-ye tIna daNDa, managupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti-tIna prakAra kI gupti, tIna prakAra ke zalya, tIna prakAra ke gaurava aura tIna prakAra kI virAdhanA kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt una nakSatroM ke nAma diye gaye haiM jinameM tIna-tIna tAre haiN| isake anantara prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya naraka ke nArakIyoM, asurakumAroM, bhogabhUmi ke saMzI paMcendriyoM, saudharma, IzAna devalokoM ke kucha devoM evaM prAbhaMkara Adi 14 vimAnoM ke devoM kI sthiti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa samavAya ke anta meM batAyA gayA hai ki uparokta 14 vimAnoM meM utpanna hone vAle una devoM meM se kucha deva tIna bhava karane ke pazcAt zAzvata mokSasukha ko prApta kreNge| cauthI samavAya meM kaSAya, dhyAna, vikathA, saMjJA, bandha ke cAra-cAra bheda, yojana kA parimAraNa aura cAra tAroM vAle nakSatroM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt cAra palyopama aura cAra sAgaropama kI Ayu vAle nAraka, deva Adi kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai| ... pAMcavIM samavAya meM kriyA, mahAvrata, kAmaguNa, prAsravadvAra, saMvaradvAra, nirjarAsthAna, samiti aura astikAya - inameM se pratyeka ke pAMca-pAMca bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara pAMca tAroM vAle nakSatra, pAMca palyopama, pAMca sAgaropama kI Ayu vAle nAraka, deva Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ___ chaThe samavAya meM lezyA, jIvanikAya, bAhya tapa, AbhyaMtara tapa, chAmasthika samudghAta evaM arthAvagraha - ina sabake chaH chaH prakAroM kA nAmollekha karane ke pazcAt kRttikA tathA prAzleSA nakSatra ko cha:-chaH tAroM vAlA batAyA gayA hai| isa samavAya meM yaha bhI bayAyA gayA hai ki ratnaprabhA pRthivI meM katipaya nArakIyoM kI sthiti chaH palyopama, tRtIya pRthvI meM katipaya nArakIyoM kI sthiti chaH sAgaropama, asura kumAra devoM meM se katipaya devoM kI sthiti 6 palyopama, saudharma aura IzAnakalpa ke kucha devoM kI sthiti 6 palyopama tathA sanaskumAra evaM mAheMdrakalpa ke kitane hI devoM kI sthiti chaH sAgaropama hotI hai| isa samavAya ke anta meM batAyA gayA hai ki svayaMbhU, svayaMbhUSaNa, ghoSa, sughoSa Adi bIsa vimAnoM ke devoM kI utkRSTa sthiti chaH sAgaropama kI hotI hai / ina vimAnoM ke deva 6 arddha mAsoM ke anta meM bAhya tathA prAbhyaMtara ucchvAsa grahaNa karate haiN| unheM chaH hajAra varSa vyatIta ho jAne para prahAra kI icchA utpanna hotI hai una devoM meM katipaya deva 6 bhavoM meM siddhi prApta karane vAle haiN|

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. 4. samavAyAMga] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 123 ___ sAtaveM samavAya meM sAta prakAra ke bhayasthAna evaM sAta hI prakAra ke samudghota kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt nimnalikhita tathyoM kA ullekha hai :-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zarIra sAta ratni (muMDa hAtha) pramANa UMcA thaa| jambUdvIpa meM sAta varSadhara aura sAta hI kSetra haiN| bArahaveM guraNasthAnavartI vItarAga bhagavAn mohanIya karma ko chor3a kara zeSa sAta karmaprakRtiyoM kA anubhava karate haiN| maghA nakSatra 7 tAroM vAlA hai| kRttikA Adi sAta nakSatra pUrvadvAra vAle, maghA mAdi sAta nakSatra dakSiNa dvAra vAle, anurAdhA Adi sAta nakSatra pazcima dvAra vAle aura ghaniSThA Adi 7 nakSatra uttara dvAra vAle batAye gae haiM / isa samavAya meM nArakIyoM asurakumAroM aura devoM meM se katipaya kI Ayu 7 palyopama aura katipaya kI utkRSTa prAyu 7 sAgaropama kI batAne ke pazcAt yaha ullekha bhI kiyA hai ki sama, samaprabha Adi pATha vimAnoM ke katipaya deva sAta bhavoM meM siddha hone vAle haiM / AThaveM samavAya meM 8 madasthAna aura ATha pravacanamAtAoM ke nAmollekha ke pazcAt batAyA gayA hai ki vyantaradevoM ke caityavRkSoM, jambUdvIpa kI jagatI, aura devakurUkSetra sthita garur3a jAtIya veNudeva ke AvAsa kI UMcAI ATha yojana hai| isameM ATha samaya ke kevalisamudghAta kA vivaraNa dete huye batAyA gayA hai ki prathama samaya meM ve daNDa, dvitIya samaya meM kapATa, aura tIsare samaya meM maMthAna karate haiN| caturtha samaya meM ve maMthAna ke chidroM ko pUrita, pAMcaveM samaya meM una chidroM ko saMkucita aura chaTe samaya meM maMthAna ko pratisaMharita karate haiM / sAtaveM samaya meM kapATa ko aura pAThaveM samaya meM daMDa ko saMkocate haiM aura tadanantara ve punaH svazarIrastha ho jAte haiN| isa samavAya meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke 8 garaNa aura 8 gaNadharoM ke ullekha ke pazcAta yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaba candramA kRttikA, rohiNI, punarvasu, maghA, citrA, vizAkhA, anurAdhA aura jyeSThA ina ATha nakSatroM ke sAtha rahatA hai taba prama nAma kA yoga hotA hai| isa samavAya meM kucha nArakIyoM, asurakumAroM aura devoM kI madhyama sthiti 8 palyopama kI aura utkRSTa sthiti 8 sAgaropama kI batAne ke pazcAta yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki aci, acimAli, vairocana Adi 11 vimAnoM ke devoM meM se katipaya deva pATha bhavoM meM siddhi prApta karane vAle haiN| __nauveM samavAya meM ha brahmacaryaguptiyoM, 6 abrahmacaryaguptiyoM, prAcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke 6 adhyayanoM ke nAmollekha ke pazcAt batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke zarIra kI UMcAI 6 ratni (muNDa hAtha) thii| isameM tArAmaNDala ko ratnaprabhA pRthivI ke sama bhAga se 900 yojana dUrI para batAyA gayA hai| isameM jambUdvIpa kI jagatI meM ha yojana ke chedoM ke ullekha ke sAtha yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki ha yojana kI lambAI-caur3AI ke maccha lavaraNasamudra meM se jambUdvIpa meM pahale bhI Aye haiM, pAte haiM aura Ate rheNge| isa samavAya meM jambUdvIpa sambandhI vijayadvAra ke pArzva meM nau-no bhomoM, vyantaroM kI sudharmasabhA kI UMcAI 6 yojana, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 6 uttaraprakRtiyoM aura katipaya nArakIyoM, asurakumAroM, devoM kI madhyama sthiti 6 palyopama aura utkRSTa sthiti

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124 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [4. samavAyAMga sAgaropama hone kA ullekha hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki pakSma, supakSma, pakSamAvarta prAdi 35 vimAnoM ke devoM meM se katipaya deva 6 bhavoM meM ajarAmara mokSapada ko prApta kara leNge| .. yoM to ina samavAyoM meM dI haI pUrI kI pUrI sAmagrI mahatvapUrNa hai kintu inameM se pratyeka samavAya meM aneka aise tathyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai jo prAdhyAtmika, aitihAsika, tAtvika aura sAhityika sabhI dRSTiyoM se atyadhika mahatva rakhate haiN| 10 vIM samavAya meM jJAnavRddhi ke mRgazirA, ArdrA, puSya, pUrvA phAlgunI, pUrvA prASAr3hA, pUrvA bhAdrapadA, mULA, pAzLeSA, hasta aura citrA- ina 10 nakSatroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 11 vIM samavAya meM 11 upAsaka paDimAnoM kA ullekha hai tathA lokAnta se jyotiSacakra kA antara 1111 yojana batAyA gayA hai| - 12 vIM samavAya meM 12 bhikSu-pratimAoM, zramaNoM ke 12 prakAra ke vyavahArasaMbhoga, evaM rAmabaLadeva kI 1200 varSa kI Ayu prAdi kA ullekha hai| 13 veM samavAya meM dilupta huye prAraNAyupUrva kI 13 vastu aura 13 prakAra ke cikitsA sthAna Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| .. 14 veM samavAya meM 14 prakAra ke bhUtagrAma-jIvasamUha, agrAyaNI pUrva kI 14 vastuoM, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 14,000 utkRSTa zramaraNa saMpadA, 14 jIva sthAnamithyAtva prAdi kA ullekha hai| 15 veM samavAya meM rAha dvArA kRSNa pakSa meM nitya prati candra ke 15 veM bhAga kA prAvaraNa, amAvasyA ko pUre 15 hI bhAgoM kA prAvaraNa aura isI krama se zukla pakSa meM anAvaraNa karanA batAyA gayA hai| isameM vilupta hue vidyAnupravAdapUrva kI 15 vastuoM kA bhI ullekha hai / ... 16 veM samavAya meM prAtmapravAda pUrva kA 16 vastuoM kA, 17 veM samavAya meM 17 prakAra ke maraNa kA, 18 veM samavAya meM astinAstipravAda pUrva kI 18 vastuoM kA, zramaNa nirgranthoM ke 18 sthAnoM prAdi kA aura 16veM samavAya meM zukra graha kA 16 nakSatroM ke sAtha bhramaNa karanA aura pazcima meM prasta honA tathA 16 tIthaMkaroM kA gRhasthavAsa meM rahakara dIkSita honA batAyA gayA hai| 20 veM samavAya meM pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI 20 vastuoM tathA 21 veM samavAya meM 21 prakAra ke doSoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 22 veM samavAya meM dRSTivAda ke 22 sUtra chinnacheda naya vAle 22 sUtra mAjIvika kI apekSA achinnacheda naya sambandhI, 22 sUtra rAzika sUtra kI paripATI se pora 22 sUtra caturnayika svasamaya sUtra kI dRSTi vAle kahe gaye haiN| 23 veM samavAya meM bhagavAn ajitanAtha Adi 23 tIrthakara pUrva bhava meM ekAdazAMgadhara aura maMDalika rAjA batAye gaye haiN| 24 veM samavAya meM RSabha Adi

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4. samavAyAMga ] kevalikAla : zrAryaM sudharmA 125 24 devAdhideva kahe gaye haiM / 25 veM samavAya meM pAMca mahAvratoM kI 25 bhAvanAoM aura prAcArAMga ke 25 adhyayana tathA 25 saMkhyA vAlI vastunoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 26 veM samavAya meM abhavya ke moha kI 26 prakRtiyAM sattA meM mAnI gaI haiM / 27 veM samavAya meM sAdhu ke 27 guraNa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 28 veM samavAya meM mohakarma kI 28 prakRtiyoM aura matijJAna ke 28 bheda Adi kA varNana hai / 26 veM samavAya meM 26 pApazruta tathA prASADha, bhAdrapada, kArtika, poSa, phAlguna aura vaizAkha - ye chaH mAsa 26 dina ke batAye gaye haiM / 30 veM samavAya meM mahAmoha-bandha ke 30 kAraNa, tIsa muhUrta ke 30 nAma aura maMDita putra garagaghara kA tIsa varSa kA dIkSAkAla Adi batAyA gayA hai / 31 veM samavAya meM siddhoM ke 31 guNa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 32 veM samavAya meM 32 yogasaMgraha aura 32 devendra prAdi batAye gaye haiM / 33 veM samavAya meM guru kI 33 prakAra kI AzAtanA Adi, 34 veM samavAya meM tIrthaMkara ke 34 atizaya aura 35 veM samavAya meM tIrthaMkara kI vANI ke 35 atizayoM (nAma nahIM) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 36 veM meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 36 adhyayana Adi, 37 veM meM kuMthunAtha svAmI ke 37 gaNa aura gaNadhara prAdi, 38 veM samavAya meM pArzvanAtha kI 38,000 zraryikAeM zrAdi 36 veM meM naminAtha ke 3600 avadhijJAnI, samaya kSetra meM 36 kulaparvata Adi, 40 veM meM prariSThanemi kI 40,000 AryikAeM zrAdi, 41 veM meM naminAtha kI 41,000 prAryikAeM Adi aura 42 veM samavAya meM zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 42 varSa sAdhika zrAmaNya pAlakara siddha-buddha-mukta hone tathA nAma karma ke 42 bheda - gati, jAti Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 43 veM samavAya meM karmavipAka ke 43 adhyayanaH Adi 44 veM meM RSibhASita ke 44 adhyayana Adi aura 45 veM meM manuSya kSetra, sImaMtaka, narakAvAsa uDubimAna aura siddhazilA ina cAroM meM se pratyeka ko 45 lAkha yojana vistAra vAlA batAyA gayA hai / 46 veM samavAya meM dRSTivAda ke 46 mAtRkApada aura brAhmIlipi ke 46 mAtRkAkSara batAye gaye haiM / 47 veM samavAya meM sthavira zragnibhUti ke 47 varSa taka gRhavAsa meM rahane kA ullekha hai / 48 veM samavAya meM cakravartI ke 48,000 pATaNa aura bhagavAn dharmanAtha ke 48 garaNa evaM 48 gaNadhara batAye gae haiM / 46 veM samavAya meM tIna indriya vAle jIvoM kI 46 ahorAtra kI sthiti zrAdi, 50 veM meM bhagavAn munisuvrata kI 50,000 AryikA 51 veM meM navabrahmacarya adhyayana ke 51 uddezanakAla, 52 veM samavAya meM mohanIya ke 52 nAma Adi kA ullekha hai / 53 veM samavAya meM zramaraga bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 53 sAdhuoM ke eka varSa kI dIkSA se anuttara vimAna meM jAne kA ullekha hai / 54 veM meM batAyA gayA hai ki bharata tathA airavata meM kramazaH 54-54 uttama puruSa hue, prariSTanemi 54 rAtri chapastha rahe

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126 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [4. samavAyAMga aura anantanAtha ke 54 gaNadhara the| 55 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mallinAtha 55000 varSa Ayu pUrNa kara siddha hye| 56 veM samavAya meM vimalanAtha ke 56 garaNa evaM 56 gaNadhara batAne ke sAtha-sAtha 56 saMkhyA vAle aneka tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 57 veM samavAya meM mallinAtha ke 570 , manaparyavajJAnI, 58 veM meM jJAnAvaraNIya, vedanIya, prAyu, nAma aura antarAya - ina pAMca karmoM kI 58 uttaraprakRtiyAM hone kA ullekha hai| 56 vIM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki candra saMvatsara meM eka Rtu 56 ahorAtra kI hotI hai| 60 veM samavAya meM sUrya kA 60 muhUrta taka eka maMDala meM rahanA batAyA gayA hai| 61 veM samavAya meM eka yuga ke 61 RtumAsa kahe gaye haiN| 62 veM samavAya meM bhagavAn vAsupUjya ke 62 gaNa aura 62 hI gaNadhara batAye gaye haiN| 63 veM samavAya meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke 63 lAkha pUrva taka rAjya-siMhAsana para rahane ke pazcAt dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| 64 veM samavAya meM cakravartI kI Rddhi meM amUlya alabhya maNiratnAdi ke 64 hAroM kA ullekha hai| 65 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki gaNadhara mauryaputra 65 varSa taka grahavAsa meM rahane ke pazcAt dIkSita hue| 66 veM samavAya meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAn zreyAMsanAtha ke 66 garaNa aura 66 gaNadhara the tathA matijJAna kI utkRSTa sthiti 66 sAgara kI hotI hai| 67 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki eka yUga meM nakSatramAsa kI garaganA se 67 mAsa hote haiM / 68 veM samavAya meM ullekha hai ki dhAtakIkhaNDa dvIpa meM cakravartI kI 68 vijaya (pradeza), 68 rAjadhAniyAM aura utkRSTataH 68 hI arihaMtAdi uttama puruSa hote haiM tathA bhagavAna vimalanAtha ke 68000 sAdhu the| 66 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki manuSyaloka meM meru ko chor3akara 66 varSa aura 66 varSadhara parvata haiN| 70 veM samavAya meM ullekha hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne varSAvAsa ke 1 mAsa aura bIsa rAtri bItane aura 70 rAtri dina zeSa rahane para paryuSaNa kiyA tathA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha 70 varSa saMyama-pAlana kara siddha-mukta hue| __71 ve samavAya meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn ajitanAtha aura sagara cakravartI 71 lAkha pUrva taka gRhavAsa meM rahakara dIkSita hue| 72 vIM samavAya meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake gaNadhara acala bhrAtA kI 72 varSa kI Ayu batAI gaI hai| isameM cakravartI ke 72000 nagara hone kA tathA 72 kalAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 73 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki vijaya nAmaka baladeva 73 lAkha pUrva Ayu pUrNa kara siddha hue| 74 vIM samavAya meM gaNadhara agnibhUti dvArA 74 varSa ke prAyubhoga ke pazcAt siddha hone kA ullekha hai / 75 veM mamavAya meM bhagavAna suvidhinAtha ke 7500 kevalI, zItalanAtha ke 75 lAkha pUrva aura bhagavAn zAntinAtha ke 75 hajAra varSa gRhavAsa kA ullekha hai| 76 veM samavAya meM vidyutkumAra Adi ke 76-76 bhavana batAye gaye haiN| 77 veM samavAya meM bharata cakrI ke 77 lAkha pUrva kumArAvasthA meM rahane ke pazcAt mahArAja pada para

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127 4. samavAyAMga] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA prArUDha hone tathA aMgavaMza ke 77 rAjAoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| 78 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki gaNadhara akaMpita 78 varSa kI pUrNa prAya bhoga kara siddha / 76 veM samavAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki chaTTI naraka ke madhya bhAga se chaTTe ghanodadhi ke nIce ke caramAnta kA antara 76 hajAra yojana hai| 80 veM samavAya meM bhagavAna zreyAMsanAtha, tripRSTha vAsudeva aura acala rAma kI 80 dhanuSa UMcAI kA aura tripRSTha vAsudeva ke 80 lAkha varSa taka mahArAja pada para rahane kA ullekha hai| samavAya saM0 81 meM bhagavAn kuMthunAtha ke 8100 manaHparyavajJAnI batAye gaye haiN| 82 veM samavAya meM ullekha hai ki 82 rAtriyAM bItane para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbhAtara meM sAharaNa kiyA gyaa| 83 veM samavAya meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn zItalanAtha ke 83 gaNa aura 83 gaNadhara, sthavira maNDita ke 83 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara siddha hone tathA bharata cakravartI ke 83 lAkha pUrva gRhavAsa meM rahakara kevalI hone kA ullekha hai| 84 veM samavAya meM sAtoM nArakaM pRthviyoM ke 84 lAkha narakAvAsoM, bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI 84 lAkha pUrva kI prAyu, bhagavAn zreyAMsanAtha dvArA 84 lAkha varSa kA prAyU pUrNakara siddha hone aura tripRSTha vAsudeva ke 84 lAkha varSa kI Ayu ke upabhoga ke anantara apaiTThANA naraka meM jAne kA ullekha hai| isameM yaha bhI vatAyA gayA hai ki pUrva se lekara zIrSa prahelikA taka kI saMkhyAoM meM paravartI saMkhyA apanI pUrvavartinI saMkhyA se gunA adhika hotI hai| isameM bhagavAn RSabha deva ke 84 gaNa, 84 gaNadhara aura 84000 sAdhu batAye gaye haiN| 85 veM samavAya meM prAcArAMga ke 85 uddezanakAla batAye gaye haiN| 86 veM samavAya meM bhagavAn suvidhinAtha ke 86 garaNa aura 86 gaNadhara tathA bhagavAna supArzvanAtha ke 8600 vAdI batAye gaye haiN| 87 veM samavAya meM ATha karmoM meM se prathama aura antima ko chor3akara zeSa chaH karmoM kI 87 uttara-prakRtiyAM batAI gaI haiN| 88 veM samavAya meM pratyeka sUrya tathA candra ke sAtha 88-88 mahAgraha batAye gaye haiN| 86 veM samavAya meM tIsare Are ke 86 pakSa zeSa rahane para bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke mokSa padhArane, dazaveM hariSeNa cakravartI ke 86 hajAra varSa cakravartI pada para rahane aura bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI 86000 sAdhviyAM hone kA ullekha hai| samavAya saMkhyA 60 meM bhagavAn ajitanAtha aura zAntinAtha ina donoM tIrthaMkaroM ke 90-60 gaNa aura utane hI gaNadhara batAye gaye haiN| samavAya saMkhyA 61 meM bhagavAn kuMthunAtha ke avadhijJAnI sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA 61000 batAI gaI hai / 62 vIM samavAya meM batalAyA gayA hai ki sthavira indrabhUti 62 varSa kI pUrNa Ayu bhogakara siddha hue| 63 vIM samavAya meM bhagavAn candraprabha ke 63 gaNa aura 63 gaNadhara tathA zAntinAtha ke 6300 caturdaza pUrvadhara hone kA ullekha hai| 64 vIM samavAya meM bhagavAna ajitanAtha ke 1400 avadhijJAnI batAye gaye haiM / 65 veM samavAya meM bhagavAn supArzvanAtha ke 65 gaNa evaM 65 gaNadhara hone, bhagavAn kuMthunAtha ke 65000 varSa aura sthavira mauryaputra ke 65 varSa ke prAyu

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128 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [4. samavAyAMga bhoga ke pazcAt siddha hone kA ullekha hai| samavAya saMkhyA 66 meM pratyeka cakravartI ke 96 karor3a gAMva hone kA ullekha hai| 17 vIM samacAya meM pATha karmoM kI 67 uttara-prakRtiyAM tathA bhagavAn naminAtha ke samaya meM hue hariSeNa cakravartI ke 6700 varSa se kucha kama gahavAsa meM rahane ke pazcAt dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| 18 vIM samavAya meM revatI se jyeSThA paryanta ke 16 nakSatroM ke 18 tAre batAye gaye haiN| 69 vIM samavAya meM merU parvata ko bhUmi se 16 hajAra yojana UMcA batAyA gayA hai| 100 veM samavAya meM zatabhiSA ke 100 tAre aura bhagavAn pArzvanAtha evaM sthavira Arya sudharmA kI pUrNa Ayu 100-100 varSa batAI gaI hai| uparokta 100 samavAyoM ke pazcAt kramazaH DeDha sau, do sau, DhAI sau, tIna so, sADhe tIna sau, cAra sau, sADhe cAra sau, pAMca sau yAvat eka hajAra, 1100, do hajAra se 10 hajAra, eka lAkha se ATha lAkha tathA koTi saMkhyA vAlI vibhinna vastuoM kA ullikhita saMkhyA ke anusAra pRthaka-pRthaka 32 samavAyoM meM saMkalanAtmaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / koTi samavAya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIrthakara bhava se pahale chaThe poTila ke bhava kA eka karor3a varSa kA zrAmaNya-paryAya batAyA gayA hai| tadanantara koTAkoTi samavAya meM bhagavAn RSabha deva se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bIca kA antara eka koTAkoTi sAgara batAyA gayA hai / koTAkoTi samavAya ke pazcAt 12 sUtroM meM dvAdazAMgI kA "gaNipiTaka" ke nAma se sArabhUta paricaya diyA gayA hai / tadanantara 157 veM sUtra meM samavasaraNa ke varNana tathA jambUdvIpa ke bharata kSetra kI pratIta utsapiNI evaM avasarpiNI ke kulakaroM tathA vartamAna avasarpiNI ke kulakaroM tathA unakI bhAryAoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke sambandha meM bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkaroM se sambandhita usa vivaraNa meM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ke pitA tathA mAtA ke nAma, tIrthaMkaroM ke pUrvabhavoM ke nAma, tIrthaMkaroM kI zibikAnoM, janmabhUmiyoM, devadUSya, dIkSA-sAthI, dIkSA-tapa, prathama bhikSAdAtA, prathama bhikSA kA samaya, prathama bhikSA meM mile padArtha, tIthaMkaroM ke caityavRkSa, una caityavRkSoM kI UMcAI, caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke prathama ziSyoM aura prathama ziSyAoM ke sambandha meM saMkSipta evaM paramopayogI vipula jAnakArI dI gaI hai| isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara anyaliMga, gRhaliMga athavA kuliMga meM kabhI nahIM hote| ___ sUtra saMkhyA 158 meM cakravatiyoM, baladevoM aura vAsudevoM ke sambandha meM mAvazyaka paricaya aura prativAsudevoM ke nAma mAtra diye gaye haiN| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki sabhavAyAMga meM prativAsudevoM kI mahApuruSoM meM gaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai| sUtra saMkhyA 156 meM sarvaprathama jambUdvIpa ke airavata kSetra meM huye isa avasarpiNI ke 25 tIthaMkaroM, bharata kSetra kI prAgAmI utsapiNI ke sAta kulakaroM, airavata kSetra kI bhAvI utsapiNI ke 10 kulakaroM aura bharatakSetra tathA airavata kSetra ke AgAmI

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4. samavAyAMga ] kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 126 utsarpiNI kAla ke cauvIsa tIrthakaroM, cakravartiyoM, baladevoM evaM vAsudevoM ke sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI tathA prativAsudevoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM / upasaMhArAtmaka antima sUtra meM samavAyAMga kI eka saMkSipta viSayasUcI dI gaI hai / yoM to samavAyAMga kI pratyeka samavAya, pratyeka sUtra pratyeka viSaya ke jijJAsutroM evaM zodhArthiyoM ke lie jJAtavya mahatvapUrNa tathyoM kA mahAn bhaMDAra hai para samavAyAMga ke antima bhAga ko eka prakAra se "saMkSipta jaina purANa" kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / vastutaH vastuvijJAna, jaina siddhAnta aura jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se samavAyAMga eka AtyaMtika mahatva kA zrutAMga hai / samavAyAMga kI samavAya saMkhyA 62 meM indrabhUti gautama ke 92 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karane para siddha hone tathA samavAya saMkhyA 100 meM prArya sudharmA ke 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara siddha hone ke ullekha ko tarka ke rUpa meM prastuta kara aneka vidvAn apanA yaha abhimata prakaTa karate haiM ki samavAyAMga sUtra kI racanA Arya sudharmA ke mokSagamana ke pazcAt kI gaI hai / vastusthiti yaha hai ki pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM ne indrabhUti gautama aura prArya sudharmA jaise mahApuruSoM kI Ayu ke sambandha meM kahIM Age cala kara kisI prakAra kA bhrama na ho jAya, isa dRSTi se uparokta donoM samavAyoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha abhivRddha kiye haiN| kevala ina do ullekhoM ko dekhakara pUre samavAyAMga ke liye isa prakAra kI kalpanA kara lenA ki isakI racanA pazcAdvartI kAla meM kI gaI hai vastutaH kisI bhI dazA meM ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sthAnAMga sUtra ke paricaya meM isa prakAra kI sthiti para paryApta prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai / isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM to kisI bhI niSpakSa vicAraka ko kisI prakAra kI hicaka athavA jhijhaka nahIM ho sakatI ki samavAyAMga sUtra kA, isake praNayanakAla se lekara sampUrNa ekAdazAMgadharoM ke kAla taka jo vRhad AkAra aura vizAla svarUpa thA vaha AkAra aura svarUpa kAla ke prabhAva se simaTate sikur3ate prAja bahuta choTA raha gayA hai / samavAyAMga, nandI prAdi sUtroM tathA digambara granthoM meM dI gaI isa aMga kI padasaMkhyA ke sAtha vartamAna meM upalabdha isakI padasaMkhyA kA milAna karane para yaha bhalIbhAMti prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki isa aMga kA bahuta bar3A bhAga vilupta ho cukA hai / grAmoM ke vRttikAra prAcArya abhayadevasUri ne samavAyAMga-vRtti kI prazasti meM bar3e hI mArmika zabdoM meM zoka prakaTa karate huye isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki prAcInakAla meM samavAyAMga kA 1, 44, 0 padapramAraNa thA para kAlaprabhAva se aba usakA bahuta hI choTA prakAra avaziSTa raha gayA hai / " 1 yasya granthavarasya vAkyajaladherlakSaM sahasrANi ca . catvAriMzadaho catubhiradhikA mAnaM padAnAmabhUt / tasyoccaizculukA kRti nidadhataH kAlAdi doSAt tathA, dukhAt khilatAM gatasya kudhiyaH kurvantu kiM mANAH / [samavAyAgavRtti ( aMtastha prazasti ) |

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130 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga ____5. viyAha-paNpatti pAMcavAM aMga vyAkhyA prajJapti hai / ise bhagavatI sUtra ke nAma se bhI pahicAnA jAtA hai . samavAyAMga sUtra meM vyAkhyA prajJapti kA nimnalikhita rUpa se paricaya upalabdha hotA hai : "vyAkhyA prajJapti meM jIva, ajIva, jIvAjIva, svasamaya, parasamaya, sva-parasamayobhaya, loka, aloka aura lokAloka viSayaka vistRta vyAkhyA-carcA kI gaI hai| isakI parimita vAcanAeM haiN| isameM saMkhyAta pranayogadvAra, saMkhyAta veDhA (chaMdavizeSa), saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niyuktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyAM aura saMkhyAta pratipattiyAM haiN| vyAkhyA prajJapti meM 1 zrutaskandha, 101 adhyayana, 10 hajAra uddezanakAla, daza hajAra samuddezanakAla, 36 hajAra prazna evaM unake uttara, 2,88,000 pada aura saMkhyAta akSara haiN| vyAkhyA prajJapti kI varNana-paridhi meM ananta gama, ananta paryAya, parimita asa aura ananta sthAvara pAte haiN| isameM jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita bhAvoM kA varNana, prarUpaNa, nidarzana aura upadeza diyA gayA hai|" ___ vyAkhyA prajJapti ke adhyayana zataka ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| vartamAna meM isake 41 zataka aura unameM se 8 zataka 105 avAntara zatakAtmaka haiN| isa prakAra zataka aura avAntara zataka ina donoM kI sammilita saMkhyA 138 aura uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1853 hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti anya saba aMgoM kI apekSA ativizAla aMga hai| vartamAna meM isakA pada parimAraNa 15751 zlokapramANa hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti ke - viyAha paNNatti, vivAha paNNatti aura vibAha paNpatti-ye tIna nAma upalabdha hote haiN| vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ne isake "viyAha paNNatti" nAma ko sarvAdhika mahatva dekara sarva prathama isakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai :- "vivividhA, prA-abhividhinA, khyA-khyAnAni bhagavato mahAvIrasya gautamAdIn vineyAn prati praznitapadArthapratipAdanAni vyAkhyAH tAH prajJApyante, bhagavatA sudharmasvAminA jambUnAmAnamabhi yasyAm / " arthAt gautamAdi ziSyoM ko unake praznoM ke uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne atyuttama vidhi se jo vividha viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA, vaha sudharmA svAmI dvArA apane ziSya jambU ko prarUpita kiyA gayA vizada vivecana jisameM diyA hayA ho vaha vyAkhyA prajJapti hai| yadyapi isa aMga kA saMskRta meM jahAM kahIM bhI nAma AyA hai vahAM "vyAkhyA prajJapti" hI AyA hai tathApi vRttikAra ne isake "vivAha patti ' aura 'vibAha paNpatti' ina donoM rUpoM kI bhI vyAkhyA kI hai| "vivAha pagatti' - kI vyAkhyA karate hue vRttikAra ne likhA hai - "vivAha-prajJapti' - arthAt jisameM vividha pravAho kI prajJApanA kI gaI hai - vaha vivAhapaNNatti /

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5. viyAha-paNNatti] kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA isI prakAra 'vibAha paNNatti' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai - "vi-bAdhAprajJapti' - arthAt jisameM nirbAdha rUpa se athavA pramANa se abAdhita nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha vibAha paNNatti hai| ___ ina donoM prakAra kI vyutpattiyoM kA isa sUtra ke saMskRta nAma vyAkhyA prajJapti se kisI bhI prakAra kA mela nahIM baitthtaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa Agama kA prAkRta nAma mUlataH viyAhapaNNatti hI rahA hogA kintu lipikoM evaM pratilipikAroM kI asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa kahIM vivAha paNNatti aura kahIM vibAha paNNatti bhI likha diyA gayA hogaa| ___ vyAkhyA prajJapti nAmaka isa paMcama aMga kI zailI praznottara ke rUpa meM hai| indrabhUti gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiye aura una praznoM kA bhagavAn dvArA uttara diyA gayA hai| isI praznottara ke rUpa meM yaha suvizAla pAgama Aja vidyamAna hai| vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri ne ina praznottaroM kI saMkhyA 36000 batAI hai| unameM se aneka prazna aura unake uttara choTe-choTe haiM / yathA : prazna - bhagavan ! jJAna kA kyA phala hai ? uttara - vijnyaan| prazna -vijJAna kA kyA phala hai ? uttara - pratyAkhyAna / prazna - pratyAkhyAna kA kyA phala hai ? uttara - sNym| aneka praznottara bahuta bar3e-bar3e haiN| kahIM-kahIM to eka hI prazna aisA hai ki usake uttara meM pUrA kA pUrA eka zataka bhara gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM maMkhali gozAlaka ke sambandha meM jo prazna kiyA gayA hai usake uttara meM pUrA kA pUrA pandrahavAM zataka pA gayA hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti ke prathana meM jo praznottara kI zailI apanAI gaI hai vaha vastutaH ati prAcIna pratIta hotI hai| bhaTTa akalaMka ne acelaka paramparA ke grantha rAjavArtika meM vyAkhyA prajJapti kI isa zailI kA ullekha kiyA hai|' bhagavatI sUtra ke 41 mUla zataka haiN| prathama zataka meM calana Adi 10 uddezaka haiN| prArambha meM namaskAra maMtra aura brAhmI lipi va zrata ke namaskAra dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| praznotthAna meM mahAvIra aura gautama kA saMkSipta paricaya hai| tatpazcAt calita Adi 6 prazna, 24 daNDaka ke AhAra, sthiti evaM zvAsocchvAsa kAla kA vicAra, AtmArambha Adi, saMvRta-asaMvRta, anagAra aura asaMyata kI devagati kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| svakRta duHkha kA vedana, upapAta ke asaMyata prAdi 13 bola, kAMkSAmohanIya Adi 24 daNDakoM ke prAvAsa - sthiti ' "evaM hi vyAkhyAprajJaptidaMDakeSu uktam ..... ...." iti gautamaprazne bhagavatA uktam / [rAjavAtika, pra0 4, sU0 26, pR0 245]

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132 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [5. viyAha-paNyatti Adi sthAna, sUryaloka, aloka, kriyA, mahAvIra aura rohaka ke praznottara, loka-- sthiti meM mazaka kA udAharaNa, jIva aura pudgala ke sambandha meM sachidrA nAva kA udAharaNa, jIvAdi kA gurutva-laghutva vicAra, sAmAyika Adi padoM ke artha, upapAta viraha Adi kA isameM varNana hai| . dUsare zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiM jinameM zvAsocchvAsa kA vicAra, skandaka parivrAjaka ke loka aura maraNa sambandhI prazna, samAdhAna ke liye skandaka kA mahAvIra ke pAsa prAgamana, gautama dvArA svAgata, samAdhAna pAkara skandaka dvArA dIkSAgrahaNa, tuMgiyA ke zrAvakoM dvArA pApityoM se praznottara, samudghAta, sAta pRthviyAM, indriyavarNana, udaggarbhavicAra, tiryaggarbha, mAnuSI garbha, manuSya aura tiryaMca strI ke bIja kI sthiti, eka jIva ke pitA-putra kA utkRSTa parimANa Adi kA ullekha hai / tIsare zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiM jinameM tAmalI tApaMsa kI sAdhanA, niyAga nahIM karane se dUsare svarga meM utpAda, praNAmA pravrajyA, dUsare uddezaka meM camarendra ke pUrvabhava pUraNa tApasa kI dAnAbhA pravrajyA, saudharma devaloka jAnA, mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM AnA Adi, uddezaka 3 meM kriyA-vicAra, uddezaka 4 meM anagAra vaikriya, uddezaka 5, 6 meM bhI vikriyA, uddezaka 7 meM lokapAla soma Adi aura unake kArya kA ullekha hai| zataka 4 meM 10 uddezaka haiN| pA~caveM zataka ke 10 uddezakoM meM se 7veM uddezaka meM nAradaputra aura nigranthIputra kA samvAda hai| zataka 6 meM vedanA Adi 10 uddezaka haiM, unameM mahAvedanA meM bhI naraka kI alpa nirjarA, zramaNa nirgrantha kI mahAnirjarA, nirjarA ke liye kardama rAga aura khaMjana rAga ke vastra kA udAharaNa, agni meM sUkhe tRNoM kI pUlI aura tape hue tave para jalAbandu ke samAna zramaNa ke karmabhoga mahAnirjarAjanaka hote haiM, alpavedana - mahAnirjarA kI sodAharaNa caubhaMgI, mUhurta ke zvAsocchavAsa aura kAlaMmAna, pAvalikA se utsarpiNI avasarpiNI, pRdhviyAM, baMdha Adi kA ullekha hai / ___7veM zataka meM prAhAra prAdi 10 uddezaka haiN| unameM AhAraka-anAhAraka kama kI gati, paccakhANa ke bheda aura svarUpa, sAtA-asAtA ke bandha-kAraNa aura chaThe pAre kA chaThe uddezaka meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| mahAzilA kaNTaka aura rathamRsala saMgrAma kA varNana, varuNa nAga kA abhigraha aura divya gati - ye isa zataka ke mahatvapUrNa ullekha hai| veM zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiN| prathama meM pudgala, dUsare meM prAzIviSa aura zAnalandhi, tIsare meM vRkSa, pAMcaveM meM 36 bhAMgA, zrAvaka aura AjIvaka upAsaka. kI tulanA, chaThe meM tIna prakAra ke dAna, ekAnta nirjarA Adi, AThaveM meM prAcArya prAdi ke pratyanIka, 5 vyavahAra bandha Adi, veM aura 10veM uddezakoM meM bandha Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|

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5. viyAha- paNNatta ] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 133. haveM zataka meM 34 uddezaka haiM, jinameM asoccA kevalI, gAMgeyabhaMga aura RSabha datta - devAnandA va jamAlI ke bodha Adi kA varNana hai / 10 ve zataka meM 28 antadvIpa Adi ke 34 uddezaka haiM / 11 veM zataka meM 12 uddezaka haiN| inameM zivarAja RSi kI pravrajyA, sudarzana zreSTha ke kAlaviSayaka prazna kA uttara, mahAbala kA varNana, zrAlaMbhikA ke isibhadraputra zrAvaka pudgala kA varNana Adi hai / yaha parivrAjaka pudgala bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita hokara siddha buddha hue / 12 veM zataka meM zaMstra Adi 10 uddezaka haiM / isameM sAvatthI ke zaMkha evaM pokhalI zrAvaka aura unake dvArA sAmUhika rUpa se khA pIkara pAkSika pauSadhavicAra, upAsikA utpalA kA puSkalI zramaNopAsaka ke prati ziSTAcAra prAdi kA varNana haiM / dUsare uddezaka meM zramaragopAsikA jayantI dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra se tAtvika praznottara, udAyI rAjA dvArA bhagavadvandana Adi kA tathA tRtIya uddezaka meM sAta pRthviyAM aura cauthe uddezaka meM pudgalaparivartana kA vicAra hai| pAMcaveM uddezaka meM rUpI prarUpI, chaThe meM rAhu kA, sAtaveM uddezaka meM loka, AThaveM uddezaka meM nAga ke rUpa meM deva kI utpatti aura usakA ekAbhavAvatArIpana, nauveM meM 5 deva, tathA dazaveM meM 8 prakAra kI AtmA kA varNana hai / 13 veM zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiN| prathama 6 uddezakoM meM kramazaH sAta pRthviyoM meM nAraka jIvoM kI utpatti Adi, cAra jAti ke deva, nAraka, pRthvI, nAraka kA AhAra, upapAta, rAjA uddayana dvArA bhagavadvandana, pravrajyA kA vicAra, putra bhI ke hitArtha kezI kA rAjyAbhiSeka, udayana kI dIkSA, prabhIci kumAra kA manomAlinya aura kUriNaka ke pAsa gamana, abhIcikumAra dvArA zrAvakadharmagrahaNa aura anAlocanApUrvaka maraNa ke kAraNa asura yoni meM utpanna hone kA varNana hai / sAtaveM uddezaka meM bhASA, mana, kAya aura maraNa kA vicAra hai / zrAThaveM uddezaka meM karmaprakRti, veM uddezaka meM anagAra kI vikriyA aura dasaveM meM 6 samudghAta kA varNana hai / 14 ve zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM bhAvitAtmA anagAra kI devAvAsa meM utpatti, nairayikoM kI zIghra gati aura prAyubandha, do meM unmAda Adi, tIna meM madhyagati, vinaya prAra pudgala prAdi, 4 meM pudgala, pAMca meM agni, chaH meM AhAra, 7 meM gautama ko kevalajJAna kI praprApti se khinnatA aura bhagavAn dvArA unheM kevalajJAna-prApti hone va apane samAna hI akSaya padaprApti kA prAzvAsana Adi, AThaveM udde zaka meM antara, zAlavRkSa kI pUjA, ambar3a parivrAjaka, jRmbhaka deva Adi, nauveM meM anagAra aura dazaveM meM kevalI ke jJAna kA varNana hai / pandrahaveM zataka meM koI udde zaka nahIM hai| isameM gozAlaka kA paricaya, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dIkSA, bhagavAn kA prathama varSAvAsa asthigrAma meM, dUsarA

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134 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [5. viyAha-paNNatti rAjagRha meM, dAna kI mahimA dekhakara gozAlaka kA Agamana aura chaH varSa taka bhagavAn ke sAtha vihAra, tila ke paudhe ko dekha kara gozAlaka kI bhagavAna se pRcchA se lekara gozAlaka ko tejolezyA kI prApti evaM usake dvArA bhaviSya-kathana taka kA vRttAMta hai| 16 veM zataka ke 14 uddezaka haiM, jinameM se pahale meM adhikaraNa, dUsare meM jarA, zoka, avagraha, zakrendra kI bhASA Adi, tIsare udde zaka meM karma-kriyAvicAra, cauthe meM adhika nirjarA ke hetu, pAMcaveM meM gaMgadeva, chaThe meM svapnavicAra, sAtaveM meM upayoga, AThaveM meM loka, nauveM meM balI indra, dazaveM meM avadhijJAna, gyArahaveM meM dvIpakumAra, bArahaveM meM udadhikumAra, terahaveM meM dizAkumAra aura caudahaveM uddezaka meM stanitakumAra kA varNana hai / 17 veM zataka meM 17 uddezaka haiN| pahale udde zaka meM udAyI hastI aura kriyAvicAra, dUsare meM dhArmika-adhArmika, dharma, adharma, dharmAdharma, jIva-bAla, paMDita aura bAlapaNDita Adi, tIsare meM zaileSI vicAra, cauthe meM kriyA, pAMcaveM meM sudharmA sabhA, chaThe-sAtaveM meM pRthvIkAyika, AThaveM aura nauveM meM apakAyika, dazaveM-gyArahaveM meM vAyukAyika, 12 veM meM ekendriya, terahaveM meM nAgakumAra, caudahaveM meM svarNakumAra, pandrahaveM meM vidyutkumAra, 16 veM meM vAyukumAra aura 17 veM meM agnikumAra kA varNana hai| -- 18 veM zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiN| pahale uddezaka meM prathama tathA aprathama kA vicAra, dUsare meM vizAkhA nagara ke kArtika seTha kI tapasyA, tIsare meM mAkaMdIputra kA sthaviroM se praznottara, cAra meM prANAtipAta, pAMca meM asurakumAra, chaH meM gur3a Adi ke varNa prabhRti, sAta meM kevalI, upadhi, parigraha, madraka zrAvaka ke sAtha anyatIthika ke praznottara, devAsurasaMgrAma, pAThaveM meM anagAra kriyA, nauveM meM bhavya, dravya, jIva, dazaveM meM somila kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se zaMkAsamAdhAna, sAdhanA, nirvANa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 16 veM zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiN| 20 veM zataka meM 10 uddezaka haiN| pahale uddezaka meM dvindriya Adi jIvoM ke zarIra bandha Adi, dUsare meM prAkAza, tIsare meM prANivadha prAdi.18 pApa aura pApavirakti Adi, cauthe meM indriyopacaya, pAMcaveM meM paramANu Adi, chaThe meM antara prAdi, sAtaveM meM bandha, pAThaveM meM karmabhUmi akarmabhUmi, tIrthakara aura antarakAla, kAlika sUtra kA viccheda-aviccheda, pUrvajJAna kI sthiti, tIrtha, tIrthaMkara prAdi, nauveM uddezaka meM cAraNamuni, aura dazaveM uddezaka meM sopakrama, nirupakrama Ayu Adi kA varNana hai| 21 ve zataka meM 8 varga aura pratyeka varga meM daza-daza ke hisAba se 80 uddezaka haiN| 22 va zataka meM 6 varga aura chahoM vargoM meM - pratyeka varga ke daza-daza udezaka ke hisAba se kula 60 uddezaka haiM /

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5. vigrAha-papatti ] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 135. 23 veM zataka meM 5 varga aura pratyeka varga ke daza daza uddezaka ke hisAba se kula 50 uddezaka haiM / 24 veM zataka meM 24 uddezaka haiM / 25 veM zataka meM 12 uddezaka haiN| pahale meM lezyA aura yoga kA, dUsare meM dravya kA, tIsare meM saMsthAna, garipiTaka, alpabahutva, cAra meM yugma aura paryAya, alpa bahutva Adi, pAMcaveM meM kAlaparyava aura do prakAra ke nigoda, chaThe meM pAMca prakAra ke nirgrantha kA 36 dvAroM se varNana, sAtaveM meM pAMca prakAra ke saMyama kA 36 dvAra se varNana karake daza pratisevanA, daza AlocanA doSa, daza prAlocanAyogya, daza samAcArI, daza prAyazcitta, aura tapa ke bAraha bhedoM kA vistRta varNana hai / prAThava uddezaka meM samuccaya nAraka, nauveM meM bhavya nAraka, dazaveM meM prabhavya nAraka, gyArahaveM meM samadRSTi aura bArahaveM meM mithyAdRSTi nAraka kI utpatti mAdi ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 26 veM zataka meM 11 uddezaka haiN| pahale meM jIva ke pApabandha kA vicAra dUsare meM anantaropapanna, tIsare meM paraMparopapanna, cauthe meM anantarAvagAr3ha, pAMcaveM uddezaka meM paramparAvagAr3ha, chaThe meM anantarAhAraka, sAtaveM meM paramparAhAraka, pAThaveM meM prantarparyApta, nauveM meM paramparaparyApta, dazaveM meM carama aura 11 veM meM pracarama cauvIsa daNDaka ke jIvoM meM bandha kahA gayA hai / 27 veM zataka meM 11 uddezakoM se pApa karma ke bandha kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 28 ve zataka meM 11 uddezaka haiN| pahale uddezaka meM bhUtakAla ke bandha prAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura zeSa 10 uddezaka 26 veM zataka ke udde zakoM ke samAna haiM / 29 ve zataka meM 11 udde zaka haiM jinameM se pahale adhyayana meM pApa karmoM ke vedana kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura zeSa 10 uddezaka chabbIsaveM zataka ke uddezakoM ke samAna haiM / 30 ve zataka meM 11 uddezaka haiN| pahale udde zaka meM cAra samavasaraNa maura jIva ke sambandha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / zeSa daza uddezaka 26 veM zataka ke uddezakoM ke samAna haiM / 31 veM zataka meM 28 uddezaka haiM jinameM cAra yugma se naraka ke upapAta kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / 32 veM zataka meM 28 udde zaka haiM jinameM nAraka kA udvartana 31 ve zataka ke samAna batAyA gayA hai / 33 veM zataka meM 12 avAntarazataka haiM jinheM 12 ekendriya zataka ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA / prathama 8 zravAntarazatakoM ke 11-11 aura aMtima 4

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136 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [5. viyAha-paNNati ke 6-6 uddezaka ke hisAba se isa tetIsaveM zataka ke kula 124 udde zaka haiM / prathama ekendriya zataka ke prathama uddezaka meM ekendriya ke pRthvI, Apa, teja vAyu aura vanaspati ye pAMca bheda aura unake upabheda batAte hue unake karmaprakRtiyoM ke bandhana evaM vedana kA aura zeSa 10 udde zakoM meM kramazaH anantaropapatra ekendriya, paramparopapanna ekendriya anantarAvagAr3ha paMcakAya, paramparAvagAr3ha paMcakAya, anantarAhAraka paMcakAya, paramparAhAraka paMcakAya, anantara paryApta paMcakAya, parampara paryApta paMcakAya, carama paMcakAya aura pracarama paMcakAya Adi ke sambandha meM sUkSma vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya ekendriya zataka ( zravAntarazataka) meM kRSNalezyI, tRtIya meM nIla lezyI cauthe meM kApotalezyI, pAMcaveM meM bhavasiddhika, chaThe meM kRSNalezyAyukta bhavasiddhika ekendriya, sAtaveM meM nIla lezyA ke sAtha, AThaveM meM kApotalezyA ke sAtha, nauveM meM prabhavasiddhika ekendriya, dazaveM meM kRSNalezyI, gyArahaveM meM nIlalezyI aura bArahaveM meM kApotalezyI ekendriya prabhavya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / 34 veM zataka meM 12 avAntarazataka aura prathama ATha avAntara zatakoM ke 11-11 uddezaka aura antima cAra pravAntarazatakoM ke 6-6 uddezaka ke hisAba se isa 34 veM zataka meM kula 124 uddezaka haiM / prathama ekendriya zataka samuccaya meM anantaropapanna se pracarama taka 11 uddezaka haiM / dUsare meM kRSNalezyI, tIsare meM nIlalezyI, cauthe meM kApotalezyI ekendriya, pAMcaveM meM bhavasiddhika ekendriya, chaThe meM kRSNalezyI bhavasiddhika, sAtaveM meM nIlalezyAyukta mana, AThaveM meM kApota lezyAyukta mana kA vivecana hai / ina AThoM avAntarazatakoM ke gyAraha - gyAraha uddezaka haiM / nauveM avAntara zataka meM prabhavasiddhika ekendriya, dazavaM pravAntarazataka meM kRSNalezyI, gyArahaveM meM nIlalezyA, vArahaveM meM kApotalezyAyukta prabhavasiddhika kA varNana hai / ina cAroM pravAntara zatakoM ke pratyeka ke 6-6 uddezaka haiM / 35 veM zataka meM bhI prathama ekendriya mahAyugma zataka se lekara dvitIya, tRtIya yAvat dvAdaza ekendriya mahAyugma zataka taka bAraha pravAntarazataka haiM / inameM pahale avAntarazatakoM meM gyAraha gyAraha uddezaka aura anta ke 4 avAntarazatakoM ke - uddezaka haiN| isa prakAra isa 35 veM zataka ke kula milAkara 124 uddezaka haiM / ke prathama ekendriya mahAyugma zataka (avAntarazataka) ke pahale uddezaka meM mahAyugma ke 16 bheda, unake hetu, kRtayugma rAzirUpa ekendriya kA upapAta, eka samaya ke upapAta, jIvoM kI saMkhyA, kRtayugma - kRtayugma rAzirUpa ekendriyoM ke ATha karmoM ke bandha-vedana, sAtA asAtA vedana, inakI lezyAeM zarIra ke varNa - anu'vandhakAla, sarva jIvoM ke isa rAzi meM utpAda prAdi 20 sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya uddezaka meM prathama saMmayotpanna kRtayugma kRtayugma ekendriyoM ke utpAda zraura anubandha kA nirUpaNa, tRtIya udde zaka meM prathama samayotpanna kRtayugma kRtayugma

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5. vivAha-paNNatti] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 137 pramAraNa ekendriyoM ke utpAda kA, cauthe meM carama samaya, pAMcava meM acarama samaya kRtayugma-kRtayugma pramANa ke ekendriyoM ke utpAda kA, chaThe meM prathama samaya, sAtaveM meM prathama aprathama samaya, pAThaveM meM prathama carama samaya, nauveM meM prathama acarama samaya, dazaveM meM carama-acarama samaya aura gyArahaveM meM carama-aMcarama samaya kRtayugma-kRtayugma pramANa ekendriyoM ke utpAda kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra dvitIya, tRtIya caturtha yAvat bArahaveM avAntarazataka meM kramazaH kRSNalezya, nIlalezya, kApotalezya, bhavasiddhika, kRSNalezya bhavasiddhika,nIlalezya bhavasiddhika kApotalezya bhavasiddhika, abhavasiddhika, kRSNalezya prabhavasiddhika, nIlalezya abhavasiddhika aura kApotalezya abhavasiddhika kRtayugma-kRtayugma pramANa ekendriyoM ke utpAda kA prathama avAntarazataka ke samAna varNana kiyA gayA hai / - 36 veM zataka meM 12 avAntara zataka aura unake kula milAkara 124 uddezaka haiN| ina bArahoM avAMntara zatakoM meM beindriya mahAyugma ke utpAda Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai ataH inake nAma prathama, dvitIya, yAvat dvAdaza beindriya mahAyugma zataka rakhe gaye haiN| inameM se prathama ATha avAntara zatakoM ke gyAraha-gyAraha uddezaka aura zeSa cAra ke 6-6 uddezaka haiN| ina saba avAntarazatakoM ke uddezakoM meM 35 veM zataka ke ekendriya mahAyugma avAntara zatakoM ke uddezakoM ke samAna hI beindriyoM ke utpAda anubandha aura lezyAoM ke anukrama se kRtayugma-kRtayugma beindriyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 37 veM zataka meM bhI 12 avAntara zataka haiN| isameM kula milAkara 124 uddezaka haiN| isa zataka meM kRtayugma-kRtayugma trIndriya jIvoM ke utpAda Adi kA paitIsaveM zataka ke samAna hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| - 38 veM zataka meM 12 avAntarazataka aura 124 uddezaka haiN| isa zataka meM 34 veM zataka ke samAna kRtayugma-kRtayugma caturindriyoM ke utpAda Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 36 veM zataka meM bhI 12 avAntarazataka aura 124 uddezaka haiM jinameM 34 veM zataka ke sanAna hI asaMjJI paMcendriyoM ke upapAta Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 40 veM zataka meM 21 avAntarazataka aura pratyeka ke gyAraha-gyAraha uddezaka ke hisAba se kula milAkara 231 uddezaka haiN| isa zataka meM saMjJI paMcendriya mahAyugmoM ke utpAda Adi kA 34 veM zataka ke. anusAra hI varNana kiyA gayA hai| 41 veM (antima) zataka meM kula milAkara 166 uddezaka haiN| prathama uddezaka meM rAziyugma ke cAra bheda, una bhedoM ke hetu kRtayugma rAzi pramANa cauvIsa daNDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta, sAntara athavA nirantara upapAta, kRtayugma ke sAtha anya rAziyoM ke sambandha kA niSedha jIvoM ke upapAta kI paddhati, upapAta kA hetu, prAtmA

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [5. viyAha-paNNatti kA prasaMyama prAdi kA varNana karane ke pazcAt salezya aura sakriya prAtma asaMyamI aura kriyA rahita kI siddhi prAdi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / ___ dvitIya uddezaka meM tryoja rAzi pramANa cauvIsa daNDaka ke jIvoM kA upapAta, tRtIya meM dvApara aura caturtha meM kalyoja rAzi pramANa cauvIsa daNDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta ke viSaya meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / paMcama uddezaka meM kRSNalezyA vAle kRtayugma pramANa, chaThe meM kRSNa lezyA vyoja rAzi pramANa, sAtaveM meM kRSNa lezyA vAle dvApara yugma pramANa aura pAThaveM meM kRSNa lezyA vAle kalyoja pramANa cauvIsa daNDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| , navameM se 12 veM uddezaka meM nIlalezyA vAle, terahaveM se solahaveM uddezaka meM kApota lezyA vAle, satrahaveM se bIsaveM uddezaka meM tejolezyA vAle, 21 veM se caubIsaveM uddezaka meM padma lezyA vAle, aura paccIsaveM se 28 veM uddezaka meM zuklalezyA vAle cAra rAzi yugma pramANa cauvIsa daNDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 26 3 se 56 veM uddezaka meM cAra rAzi yugmapramAraNa bhavasiddhika, 57 se 84 3 uddezaka meM cAra rAzi yugmapramANa abhavasiddhika, 85 se 112 veM uddezaka meM cAra rAzi yugmapramANa samyagdRSTi bhavasiddhika, 113 3 se 140 veM uddezaka meM cAra rAzi yugmapramANa mithyAdRSTi bhavasiddhika kRSNa lezyA yAvat zukla lezyA vAle cauvIsa daNDaka ke jovoM ke upapAta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| .. 141 veM se 168 veM uddezaka meM cAra rAzi yugmapramANa kRSNapakSI aura 166 veM se 166 uddezaka meM cAra rAzi yugmapramANa zuklapakSI cauvIsa daNDakoM ke jIvoM ke upapAta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kA, unake ziSyoM, bhaktoM, gRhastha anuyAyiyoM, anya tIthikoM evaM unakI mAnyatAoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai| gauzAlaka ke sambandha meM jitanA vistRta paricaya isa aGga meM milatA hai utanA anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| isake sAtha hI sAtha bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyiyoM tathA cAturyAma dharma ke sambandha meM vyAkhyA prajJapti meM sthAna-sthAna para vivaraNa milate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcamahAvrata dharma se prabhAvita hokara aneka pApityoM ne cAturyAma dharma ke sthAna para paMcamahAvrata dharma aMgIkAra kiyA, isa prakAra ke vivaraNa vyAkhyA prajJapti meM bahulatA se upalabdha hote haiN| isake atirikta kUNika aura mahArAja ceTaka ke bIca hue mahAzilAkaNTaka saMgrAma evaM rathamusala saMgrAma nAmaka do mahAyuddhoM kA vyAkhyAprajJapti meM bar3A hI

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5. biyAha - paNNatti ] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA mArmika varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai kramazaH 84 lAkha aura 66 lAkha yoddhA donoM pakSoM ke 136 ki una donoM mahAyuddhoM meM mAre gaye / 1 vyAkhyA prajJapti ke 21 veM, 22 veM aura 23 veM zatakoM meM jo vanaspatiyoM kA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai vaha anupama hai / isa prakAra vyAkhyA prajJapti meM 36 hajAra praznottaroM ke rUpa meM vividha viSayoM kA athAha jJAna saMkalita kara liyA gayA hai jo jaina siddhAnta, itihAsa, bhUgola, rAjanIti Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa hone ke sAtha-sAtha prAdhyAtmika tatva kI kuMjI kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| tatkAlIna, dhArmika, sAMskRtika, sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM para vyAkhyA prajJapti meM diye gaye aneka vivaraNa samIcIna rUpa se sAdhikArika prakAza DAlate haiM / isa paMcama aMga meM devagati prApta karane vAle prANiyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki saMyama kA niraticAra rUpa se palana karane vAle kevala bAharI rUpa se saMyama kA pAlana karane vAle, asaMyata, saMyama ke virAdhaka, zrAvakadharma kA nyUnAdhika rUperaNa pAlana karane vAle, zrasaMjJI jIva, tApasa jo jina pravacanoM kA pAlana nahIM karate, kAMdarpika, caraka arthAt tridaNDI, laMgoTadhArI parivrAjaka, kapila ke ziSya, jJAniyoM, sAdhutroM tathA dharmAcAryoM kI nindA karane vAle, kilviSika arthAt bAhya rUpa se jaina zramaraNAcAra kA pAlana karane vAle aura jina mArgAnuyAyI tiyaMca kama se kama aura adhika se adhika kina-kina devayoniyoM meM utpanna ho sakate haiM / isa vivaraNa meM bauddha bhikSukoM kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, yaha kevala vicAraNIya hI nahIM apitu gahana zodha kA viSaya bhI hai / kyA vastutaH isa aMga kI racanA ke samaya taka bauddha dharma kA itanA pracAra-prasAra nahIM ho pAyA thA athavA koI anya kAraNa rahA hai jisase ki bauddha dharma ke bhikSugroM kA isa prakaraNa meM nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA gayA hai ? sabhI vidvAnoM kA yaha to nizcita zrabhimata hai ki vyAkhyA prajJapti kA viSayavarNana prati prAcIna zraura prAcArya - paramparAgata hai tathApi isameM dvAdazAMgI ke pazcAduvartI kAla meM racita bhAgamoM-rAyapaseNa ijja, uvavAiya, paNNavaraNA, jIvAbhigama tathA naMdI prAdi kA ullekha karake aneka sthaloM para isake vivaraNoM ko tathA pUre ke pUre udde zakoM ko saMkSipta kara diyA gayA haiM / " yahAM yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jaba rAyapasera ijja Adi uparyukta zrAgamoM kI racanA dvAdazAMgI ke pazcAt huI hai taba pUrvaracita vyAkhyA prajJapti meM bAda kI racanAoM ke ullekha kisa kAraNa kiye gaye haiM ? nandIsUtra to nizcita rUpa se vIra nirvAraNa saM0 650 ke prAsa-pAsa kI, vallabhI-vAcanA ke sUtradhAra evaM nAyaka devagiriNa kSamAzramaraNa kI saMkalanA mAnI gaI hai| vistRta jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye "jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga", 10 51-523

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f jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [5. viyAha-patti isa prakAra kI zaMkA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai / sAmAnya rUpa se jisa grantha meM kisI anya sUtra athavA sUtrakAra kA nAma upalabdha hotA hai use, jisa grantha meM usakA ullekha hai usa grantha kI racanA se pUrvavartI mAnA jAtA hai kintu jaina sUtroM para isa prakAra kI bAta ghaTita nahIM hotI / kAraNa ki racanA ke bhI pazcAt sUtra zatAbdiyoM taka guru-ziSya paramparA se maukhika calate rahe / vIra - nirvANa 680 meM sUtra antima rUpa se lipibaddha kiye gaye / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zrAgamoM ko lipibaddha karate samaya isa niyama kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gayA ki jisa anukrama se AgamoM kI racanA huI hai usI krama se unako lipibaddha kiyA jAya / isake pariNAmasvarUpa pazcAdvartI kAla meM racita katipaya zrAgamoM kA lekhana suvidhA kI dRSTi se pahale sampanna kara liyA gayA / tadanantara racanAkrama kI dRSTi se prathama, dvitIya, tRtIya prAdi sthAna para mAne jAne vAle zrAgamoM kA lekhana kiyA gayA to pazcAdvartI zrAgama hote hue bhI jo pahale lipibaddha kara liye gaye the aura unameM pUrvavartI jina prAMgamoM ke jo-jo pATha aMkita ho cuke the una pAThoM kI punarAvRtti na ho isa dRSTi se bAda meM lipibaddha kiye jAne vAle pUrvavartI bhAgamoM meM " z2ahA nandI" Adi pATha dekara pazcAdvartI AgamoM aura zrAgamapAThoM kA ullekha kara diyA gayA / yaha kevala punarAvRtti ko bacAne kI dRSTi se kiyA gyaa| isase mUla racanA kI prAcInatA meM kisI prakAra kI kiMcit mAtra bhI nyUnatA nahIM prAtI / ho sakatA hai usa samaya AgamoM ko lipibaddha karate samaya punarAvRtti ke doSa se bacane ke sAtha-sAtha isa vizAla paMcama aMga vyAkhyA prajJapti ke prati vizAla svarUpa evaM kalevara ko thor3A laghu svarUpa pradAna karane kI bhI una devagiriga kSamAzramaraNa prAdi prAcAryoM kI dRSTi rahI ho / 140 isake atirikta anya bhI mandameghA Adi kAraNa vyAkhyA prajJapti ke kalevara ko choTA banAne ke ho sakate haiM athavA nahIM isa para itihAsa ke vizeSajJa muni evaM vidvAn prakAza DAlane kA sadprayAsa kareMge, aisI AzA hai / aparanAma - bhagavatI isa paMcama aMga kA apara nAma bhagavatI sUtra bhI hai jo viyAha paSNatti ( vyAkhyA prajJapti) nAma kI apekSA prasiddha evaM pracalita / anya sabhI aMgoM kI apekSA adhika vizAla isa vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka paMcama aMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya gautama gaNadhara dvArA prabhu ke samakSa prastuta kiye gaye praznoM evaM bhagavAn dvArA diye gaye unake tAtvika uttaroM kA suvizAla saMkalana hone ke kAraNa isake prati sarvAdhika, sammAna, Adara aura pUjyabhAva prakaTa karane hetu bahuta sambhava hai ki vigata katipaya zatAbdiyoM se viyAhapaNNatti nAmaka isa paMcama aMga ko bhagavatI sUtra isa prati sammAnanIya nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAne lagA ho / Aja to catuvidha tIrtha meM yaha paMcama aMga bhagavatI sUtra ke nAma se hI lokapriya hai / :

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5. vivAha pampatti] kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA 141 vyAsyAprApti kA upalabdha svarUpa vyAkhyAprApti nAmaka paMcama aMga ke prArambha meM, tathA 15, 17, 23 evaM 26 ina cAra zatakoM ke prArambha meM aura isa aMga ke sampUrNa hone para anta meM - isa prakAra kula milAkara 6 sthAnoM para maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa sUtra ke prArambha meM sarvaprathama paMcaparameSThinamaskAramaMtra se aura tadanantara "Namo baMbhIyassa liviyassa" tathA "mo suyassa" ina padoM dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt zataka saMkhyA 15, 17, 23 aura 26 ke prArambha meM"Namo suyadevayAe bhagavaIe"- isa pada ke dvArA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti ke anta meM diye gae "ikkacattAlIsaimaM rAsI jummasayaM samatta"- isa samAptisUcaka pada se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki isa paMcama aMga ke 101 zataka (adhyayana) the unameM se kevala 41 zataka hI avaziSTa rahe haiM zeSa saba vilupta ho cuke haiN| uparokta samAptisUcaka pada ke pazcAt yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavatI meM saba zatakoM kI (avAntarazatakoM ko milAkara) saMkhyA 138 aura uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1925 hai|' prathama zataka se 32veM zataka tathA 41veM zataka ke koI avAntarazataka nahIM haiN| 33veM zataka se 36veM zataka taka ke 7.zataka bAraha-bAraha avAntara zatakoM ke tayA 40vAM zataka 21 avAntara zatakoM kA samUha hai. ataH ina 8 zatakoM kI gaNanA 105 pravAntara zatakoM ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra avAntara zataka rahita uparokta 33 zatakoM aura 105 avAntarazatakAtmaka zeSa 8 zatakoM ko milAkara vyAkhyAprajJapti ke zatakoM tathA avAntara zatakoM kI sammilita saMkhyA 138 batAI gaI hai vaha to ThIka hai parantu uparokta saMgrahaNI pada meM jo uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1925 batAI gaI hai, usakA AdhAra khojane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vyAkhyA prajJapti ke mUla pATha meM isake zatakoM evaM avAntarazatakoM ke uddezakoM kI saMkhyA dI gaI hai, kevala 40veM zataka ke 21 avAntarazatakoM meM se antima 16 se 21 ina 6 pravAntarazatakoM ke uddezakoM kI saMkhyA spaSTa rUpa meM nahIM dI gaI hai parantu jisa prakAra isa zataka ke pahale se 15veM avAntara zataka taka pratyeka kI uddezaka saMkhyA 11 batAI gaI hai usI prakAra ukta zeSa 6 avAntara zatakoM meM se pratyeka kI uddezaka saMkhyA 11-11 mAna lI jAya to vyAkhyAprajJapti ke kula uddezakoM kI saMkhyA 1883 hotI hai / kucha prAcIna hastalikhita pratiyoM meM kevala "uddesagAraNa" itanA hI pATha dekara saMkhyA kA sthAna rikta chor3a diyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt eka gAthA dvArA isa paMcama aMga vyAkhyA prajJapti kI padasaMkhyA 'savyAe bhagavaIe paTThatIsa sayaM sayAraNaM (138) udde sagANa 1925 (vyAkhyAprajJapti, zataka 41 ke pazcAt )

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142 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [5. vivAha paNNatti 84 lAkha pada batAI gaI hai| navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva sari ne vyAkhyA prajJapti kI TIkA meM isa para "viziSTasampradAyagamyAni" kevala itanA hI likhA hai| isase Age kI gAthA meM saMgha kI samudra ke sAtha tulanA karate hue usakI stuti kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt gautama Adi gaNadharoM ko, bhagavatI vyAkhyA prajJapti maura dvAdazAMgI rUpa gariNapiTaka ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara pratilipikAra ne kacchapa ke samAna sugupta caraNoM vAlI koraMTa vRkSa ke amlAna (navavikasita) kusuma kI kalI ke samAna manohara bhagavatI zrutadevI se prArthanA kI hai ki vaha usake ajJAnAndhakAra ko vinaSTa kare / 3 zrutadevI kI stuti ke pazcAt vyAkhyAprajJapti ke paThana-pAThana ke zrama ke sAtha-sAtha vidhi Adi kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / / anta meM pratilipikAra dvArA tIna gAthAnoM meM zrutadevI Adi kI nimnalikhita rUpa meM stuti kI gaI hai - prakhara buddhi vAle vidvAnoM dvArA sadA abhivaMdita, ajJAnAndhakAra vidhvaMsinI navavikasita zatadalakamala varada hasta meM liye hue zrutAdhiSThAtR devI mujhe bhI buddhi pradAna kare / jisake kRpA prasAda se jJAna sIkhA hai usa zrutadevatA ko hama praNAma karate haiM / zAnti pradAyinI pravacanadevI ko bhI maiM namaskAra karatA huuN| zrutadevatA, kumbhadharayakSa, brahmazAnti, vairoTayAdevI, vidyAdevI aura aMtahaMDI lekhaka kI saba prakAra ke vighnoM se rakSA kare / vyAkhyAprajJapti kI maMgalasahita granthAna0 saMkhyA 15751 batAI gaI hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti kI samApti ke pazcAt jo "raNamogoyamAiNa" Adi jitane bhI namaskAraparaka ullekha haiM unake sambandha meM TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki ye saba lipikAra athavA pratilipikAra dvArA kiye gaye namaskAra haiN|" ___ vyAkhyAprajJapti ke aMta meM jo isake paThana-pAThana kA krama diyA gayA hai vaha kisI zra tasthavira dvArA sAdhakoM ke hitArtha kiyA gayA ullekha pratIta hotA hai| 1 culasIyasayasahassA, payAraNa pavaravaraNANadaMsIhiM / bhAvAbhAvamaNaMtA, pannatA etthamaMgaMmi / / 41veM za0 ke anta meM 2 tavaniyamaviNayavelo, jayai sayA naarnnvimlviuljlo| heusayaviulavego, saMghasamuddo gunnvisaalo| vahI3 (kusuma) kummasusaMThiyacalaNA, amliykorNttveNttsNkaasaa| suyadevayA bhagavaI, mama maitimiraM paNAseu / vahI4 viyasiyaaraviMdakarA, nAsiyatimirA suyAhivA devI / majha pi dehu mehaM, budhavibuhaNamaMsiyAriNaccaM // 1 // suyadevayAe paraNamimo jIe pasAeNa sikkhiyaM nANaM / aNNaM pavayaNadevI saMtikarI taM NamaMsAmi // 2 // suyadevayA ya jakkho kabhadharo baMbhasaMti verodraa| vijjA ya aMtahuDI, deu avigdhaM lihaMtassa / / 3 / / - - (vyAkhyAprajJapti kI samApti ke anantara) .5 Namo goyamAiNa' mityAdaya pustakalekhakakRtA namaskArAH prakaTAzceiti / - (vyAkhyAprApti, TIkA)

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5. viyAha pampatti kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 143 * vyAkhyAprajJapti ke zatakoM, vargoM, avAntarazatakoM evaM uddezakoM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai :zataka varga pravA0 za0 uddezaka zataka varga avA0 za0 uddezaka 10 22 23 . lhr lh lh lh lh lh s s OMMGmummon Gnxx www 0G0000000000000 ~~00oroMomoroummroorwooooooorU 6MKKWOMMGmc s wrxnormomorrorrrrrrrrrrru ~~omorrowr ~ s s lh sh lh sm sm h h onnaronommar | dlh nh l`l lhm ~ 10. isa prakAra vyAkhyAprajJapti meM 41 zataka, varga 16, avAntarazataka 105, zataka aura avAntarazataka donoM milAkara 138 tathA uddezaka 1883 haiN| zataka saMkhyA 33 se 40 taka ke 8 zataka avAntarazatakoM se gaThita haiN| ataH zatakoM aura avAntarazatakoM kI gaNanA meM ina pATha zatakoM kI pRthak gaNanA nahIM karane ke kAraNa zatakoM evaM upazatakoM kI sammilita saMkhyA 138 hotI hai| 6. nAyAdhammakahAno nAyAdhammakahAno kA saMskRta nAma jJAtadharmakathA hai| dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM isakA chaThA sthAna hai| isameM udAharaNapradhAna dharmakathAeM dI huI haiM, jinameM meghakumAra Adi ke nagaroM, udyAnoM, caityoM, vanakhaNDoM, rAjAoM, mAtA-pitA, samavasaraNoM, dharmAcAryoM, dharmakathAoM, aihika evaM pAralaukika RddhiyoM, bhoga parityAga, pravrajyA, zrataparigraha, utkRSTa tapasyAoM, paryAyoM, saMlekhanAmoM, bhaktapratyAkhyAnoM, pAdapopagamanoM, svargagamana, uttama kula meM janma, bodhilAbha, antakriyA Adi viSayoM kA varNana tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vinayamUlaka zreSTha zAsana meM pravajita una sAdhakoM kA varNana hai jo grahaNa kiye hue vratoM ke paripAlana meM durbala, zithila, hatotsAhita, viSayasukhamUrchita, saMyama ke mUla guNoM evaM uttaraguNoM kI virAdhanA

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14 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [6. nAyAdhammakahAno karane vAle bana gye| isa chaThe aMga meM una dhIra-vIra sAdhakoM kA bhI varNana hai jo ghorAtighora parISahoM ke upasthita hone para bhI saMyama mArga se kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue| isameM devalokoM ke bhogopabhoga sukhAdi kA, devaloka se cyavana ke pazcAt mAnava jIvana meM punaH sAdhanApatha para agrasara hone vAloM kA, saMyamavirAdhanAjanya doSoM aura saMyamArAdhana ke guNoM kA, lokamuni zuka parivrAjaka ke jina-zAsana meM Ane kA tathA zAzvata mokSa sukha prApta karane vAle sAdhakoM Adi kA varNana hai| jJAtRdharmakathA kI parimita vAcanAeM, anuyoga dvAra, veDhA chanda, zloka, niyuktiyA~, saMgrahaNiyAM aura pratipattiyAM pratyeka saMkhyAta-saMkhyAta haiN| isameM do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha ke 16 adhyayana aura dvitIya zrutaskandha ke daza varga haiN| donoM zrutaskandhoM ke 26 uddezanakAla, 26 samudde zanakAla, pAMca lAkha 76 hajAra pada, saMkhyAta akSara, ananta gama, ananta paryAya, parimita trasa, ananta sthAvara aura jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita zAzvata bhAva kahe gae haiN| isakA vartamAna meM upalabdha padaparimAraNa 5500 zloka pramANa hai| prathama zrutaskandha ke 16 adhyayanoM ke saMkSepa meM caritra aura kalpita ye do prakAra batAye haiN| megha kumAra Adi ke jo caritra batAye gaye haiM ve satya udAharaNa haiM aura tumba Adi ke udAharaNa kalpita haiM jo bhavyajanoM ko pratibodhita karane kI dRSTi se prastuta kiye gae haiN| dharmakathAoM ke jo daza varga haiM unameM se pratyeka dharmakathA meM 500-500 AkhyAyikAeM, eka-eka AkhyAyikA meM pAMca sau-pAMca sau upAkhyAyikAeM aura unameM se eka-eka upAkhyAyikA meM pAMca sau-pAMca sau AkhyAyikA-upAkhyAyikAeM haiN| isa prakAra ina sabako milAkara kula sAr3he tIna karor3a udAharaNasvarUpa kathAeM isameM dI gaI haiN| prathama zrutaskandha meM jJAtRrUpa-udAharaNasvarUpa 16 adhyayana tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha meM dharmakathAtroM ke 10 varga kahe gae haiM / unakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : prathama zrutaskandha ke meghakumAra nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM rAjaputra meghakumAra kI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sevA meM dIkSA tathA zayyAparISaha se usake khinna hone para prabhu dvArA use saMyama meM sthira karane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA"megha ! meruprabha hAthI ke bhava meM tumane dAruNa dAvAnala se bhayabhIta kharagoza para anukampA kara usake prAraNoM kI rakSArtha apane prANa de die the| usa anukampA ke phalasvarUpa hI hAthI ke bhava se marakara tuma isa bhava meM mahArAja zreNika ke putrarUpa meM utpanna hue ho|" bhagavAn kI vANI se udbodhita ho kara meghamani ne zramaNavarga kI sevArtha apanA tana-mana-sarvasva samarpita kara diyA aura samIcIna rUpeNa saMyama kA paripAlana kara AtmakalyANa kiyaa| / dUsare dhannA sArthavAha ke adhyayana meM vijaya cora aura dhannA ke udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka ko yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki sudIrghakAla taka samIcInatayA

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6. nAyAdhammakahAo ] kevalikAla : zrArya sudharmA 145 sAdhanA meM nirata rahane ke eka mAtra uddezya ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue sAdhaka grAhArAdi se kisa prakAra apane zarIra ko prAraNa dhAraNa karane yogya banAe rakhe / tIsare 'mayUrANDa' nAmaka adhyayana meM sArthavAhaputroM ke udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se zAstravAraNI meM zaMkA na karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / cauthe 'kUrma adhyayana' meM do kaTTayoM ke udAharaNa se indriyoM ko vaza meM karane aura na karane ke lAbha evaM hAni kA digdarzana karAte hue sAdhaka ko indriyavijaya kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM 'thAvaccAputra' ke adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa vAsudeva ke parivAra meM samudravijaya Adi daNa dazArha, ugrasena grAdi 16 hajAra rAjA, pradyumnakumAra zrAdi sAr3he tIna karor3a kumAra, 21 hajAra vIra, 56 hajAra balavAn aura rukmiNI yAdi 32 hajAra rAniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyayana meM zrIkRSNa dvArA gAthApatiputra thAvaccAputra kI dIkSA kA samucita prabandha karane kA, thAvacca / putra muni dvArA selaka rAjA ko usake pAMca sau sAthiyoM sahita dIkSita karane. zukadeva sanyAsI ke sAtha dharmacarcA kA zukadeva parivrAjakAcArya ke pratibuddha ho ziSyoM sahita zramaraNadharma meM dIkSita hone evaM panthaka muni dvArA selaka rAjapi ke pramAda - parihAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaTThe adhyayana meM jIva kA tUMbe ke udAharaNa se halke aura bhArI hone kA svarUpa samajhAyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra miTTI ke lepa se bhArI banA huA tUMvA jala meM DUba jAtA hai aura miTTI kA lepa haTa jAne para Upara Akara tairane lagatA hai, usI prakAra karmabandhana se bandhA huA AtmA saMsArasamudra meM DUbatA aura bandhana kaTane para halkA hokara bhavasAgara ko pAra kara letA hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM dhannA sArthavAha kI 4 putravadhutroM ke udAharaNa se saMyamI sAdhu kI yogyatA kA mApadaNDa batAyA gayA hai| jaise zreSThI kI putravadhuoM meM se eka ne zreSThI dvArA diye gae 5 zAlIkaraNoM ko pheMka diyA, dUsarI ne prasAda samajhakara khA DAlA, tIsarI ne yathAvat surakSita rakhA aura cauthI ne kRSi ke mAdhyama se una pAMca zAlIkaraNoM ko sahasroM gunA bar3hAkara zreSThI ke ghara meM sammAna prApta kiyA usI prakAra jo ziSya guru dvArA diye gae vratoM ko pramAda aura khAnapAna ke bhoga meM na gaMvAkara surakSita rakhatA hai athavA pracAra-prasAra ke dvArA bar3hAtA hai, vaha bhI guru dvArA sammAna prApta karatA hai / AThaveM mallI adhyayana meM 16 veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha bhagavAn ke janma. bAlakrIr3A, vivAha ke lie 6 rAjAoM ke Agamana, mallI bhagavatI dvArA svarNaputalikA ke mAdhyama se rAjAoM ko pratibuddha kara dIkSita karane aura dolAgrahagA ke dina hI mallinAtha bhagavAn dvArA ghAti karmoM ko kSaya kara kevalajJAna prApna karane evaM catuvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA kara bhAvatIrthaMkara banane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / mallinAtha ke dharmaparivAra, vihArakSetra, saMhanana, saMsthAna, varNa zrIra

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146 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [6. nAyAdhammakahAno nirvANa prApta karane taka kA parNa vivaraNa bhI isameM diyA gayA hai| mallI bhagavatI ne . gRhastha avasthA meM usa samaya kI prasiddha parivAjikA cokhA ko zucimUladharma kI sadoSatA batalAte hue vinayamUla dharma kI zikSA dI aura kahA ki jisa prakAra raktaraMjita vastra rakta se dhone para svaccha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra hiMsA Adi se malInAtmA yajJa-yAgAdi kI hiMsA se zuddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa adhyayana meM prasaMgopAtta diyA gayA araNaka zrAvaka aura 6 rAjAoM kA paricaya bhI draSTavya hai| nauveM "mAkandI adhyayana" meM batAyA gayA hai ki vAsanA se calacitta hone vAlA sAdhaka jinarakSita ke samAna apane prANa gaMvAtA aura sthiracitta rahane vAlA sAdhaka minapAlita kI taraha sadA surakSita rahakara apane carama lakSya ko prApta karane meM saphalakAma hotA hai / dazaveM "candra adhyayana" meM kRSNa aura zuklapakSIya candramA kI hAni-vRddhi ke udAharaNa se jIva ke jJAnAdi guNoM kI hAni-vRddhi samajhAI gaI hai ki AtmArUpI candra kA jJAna rUpI udyota karmAvaraNoM ke kAraNa kSINa aura karmAvaraNoM ke kSayopazama se vRddhigata hotA hai| ___ gyArahaveM "drAvadrava" nAmaka adhyayana meM jinamArga kI ArAdhanA aura virAdhanA para vicAra vyakta kiye gae haiN| vana ke vRkSoM kI taraha sAdhaka-zramaNa anya tIthikoM kI saMgati dvArA pArAdhanA se vicalita hotA hai tathA samyagajJAniyoM ke saMsarga se sAdhanAmArga meM sthira hokara ArAdhaka banatA hai| ___ bArahaveM "khAtodaka adhyayana" meM zrAvaka subuddhi pradhAna dvArA jitazatru rAjA ko pudgaloM ke parivartanazIla pariNAmI svabhAva ko samajhAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| mantrI ne khAI ke gande jala ko zuddhikAraka prayogoM dvArA svaccha, susvAdu aura supeya banA kara yaha pramANita kiyA ki koI bhI vastu ekAntataH zubha athavA azubha nahIM hotI / saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha zubha se azubha aura azubha se zubha rUpa meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai ataH eka para rAga aura dUsare para dveSa rakhamA ajJAna kA sUcaka hai| terahaveM "dardara adhyayana" meM rAjagaha nagara ke zrAvaka nanda maNikAra kA paricaya dete hue batAyA gayA hai ki satsaMga ke abhAva meM nanda-mariNakAra vrata-niyama karate hue bhI zraddhA se vicalita ho gyaa| usane aSTama tapa ke samaya .pyAsa se vyAkula hone para nagarI ke bAhara puSkariNI banavAne kA nirNaya kiyA aura cAra zAlAoM ke sAtha vApI kA nirmANa karavA diyA / anta meM vApI ke prati atyadhika mamatva aura prArtadhyAna kI dazA meM marakara nandana maNikAra ne usI bAvar3I meM dardura ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyaa| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke rAjagRha nagara meM padArpaNa kI bAta sunakara dardura vandana hetu nikalA aura mArga meM eka ghor3e kI TApa se ghAyala ho gyaa| gambhIrarUpeNa ghAyala hone para bhI dardura ne prabhu caraNoM meM apanA

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6. nAyAdhammakahAo ] halikAla : zrayaM sudharmA 147 vitta sthira rakhA aura anta meM samAdhipUrvaka prANa tyAga kara vaha svarga kA adhikArI banA / caudahaveM 'tetalIputra' ke adhyayana meM batAyA hai ki. duHkhAvasthA meM manuSya ko satsaMga aura dharma jitanA priya lagatA hai utanA sukhAvasthA meM nahIM lgtaa| isameM mitra aura premI kA yaha karttavya batAyA gayA hai ki vaha apane sakhA evaM priyajana ko saba prakAra se dharmamArga para lagAne kA prayatna kare / poTila deva ne tetalI pradhAna ko vividha prakAra ke kaSTa pahuMcAkara bhI saMyama-dharma ke abhimukha kiyaa| vastutaH isI ko upakAriyoM ke pratyupakAra kA sahI mArga batAyA gayA hai / pandrahaveM nandIphala adhyayana meM batalAyA gayA hai ki nandIphala kI taraha zrajJAtaphala meM lubhAne vAle ko jIvana se hAtha dhonA par3atA hai| isameM yaha upadeza diyA gayA hai ki jJAnI ko kisI bhI dazA meM rasanA ke adhIna nahIM honA cAhiye / solahaveM "amarakaMkA adhyayana" meM pANDavapatnI draupadI kA padmanAbha dvArA hastazIrSa nagara se apaharaNa aura zrIkRSNa dvArA amarakaMkA meM jAkara padmanAbha ko parAjita karanA, draupadI ko punaH prApta karanA, lauTate samaya kAraNavazAt aprasanna ho zrIkRSNa dvArA pANDavoM kA nirvAsana, kuntI kI prArthanA se dravita ho samudrataTa para mathurA basA kara pANDavoM ko vahA~ rahane kI anumati sthaviroM kI vAraNI sunakara pANDavoM dvArA munivrata graharaNa aura saMyama evaM tapa kI sAdhanA se nirvAraNaprApti batalAI gaI hai / isameM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki draupadI ne apane pUrvabhava meM nAgazrI brAhmaNI ke rUpa meM tapasvI muni ko kar3ave tUMbe kA sAga baharA kara durlabhabodhi kI sthiti kA upArjana kiyA aura usake phalasvarUpa aneka bhavoM meM janmamaraNa ke duHkha sahana kara vahI nAgazrI draupadI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI aura anta meM sAdhanA kara brahmaloka meM utpanna huI / draupadIharaNa ke prasaMga meM yahAM "kachulla nArada" kI karatUtoM kA bhI paricaya milatA hai / satrahaveM adhyayana meM samudrI azva ke udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai ki zabda rUpa Adi viSayoM meM lubhAne vAle vyakti samudrI azva kI taraha parAdhIna hote haiM aura viSayoM se virakta rahane vAle svAdhIna hokara prAtmasukha ke adhikArI hote haiM / aThArahaveM "susumA" nAmaka adhyayana meM dhannA sArthavAha ke udAharaNa se batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko jIvana nirvAha ke liye udAsIna bhAva se prahAra grahaNa karanA cAhiye / dhannA sArthavAha aura usake putroM ne sumumA ke apaharaNakarttA naurarAT kA bhISaNa - praTaviyoM meM nirantara pIchA karate hue jisa prakAra bhUkha ke kAraNa maraNAsanna sthiti meM cilAta dvArA mAra kara paTakI huI susumA dArikA kI mRta deha se apanI kSudhAnivRtti kI, usameM AtmIyatA ke kAraNa mRta dArikA ke mAMsabhakSaraNa meM dhannA Adi ke mana meM kicitmAtra bhI rAga kA aMza nahIM ho sakatA, kevala prANarakSA kA hI vicAra ho sakatA hai| ThIka usI prakAra sAdhaka

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148 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [6. nAyAdhammakahAmo zramaNa ko sahaja bane acitta AhAra ke grahaNa karane meM rAgarahita hokara adhikAdhika sAdhanA hetu zarIra ko banAye rakhane kA hI lakSya rakhane kI zikSA dI gaI hai| unnIsaveM puNDarIka adhyayana meM bhogAsakti kA kaTu phala batAte hue videha kSetra ke puNDarIka aura kuNDarIka nAmaka do rAjakumAroM kA upAkhyAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki puNDarI kiraNI nagarI ke mahArAja mahApadma jaba saMsAra kI nazvaratA ko samajhakara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye taba unake jyeSTha putra puNDarIka rAjya kA saMcAlana karane lage aura unake choTe bhAI kuNDarIka yuvarAja ke rUpa meM sukhopabhoga karate rhe| _____ kAlAntara meM muni mahApadma vicaraNa karate hue puNDarIkiNI nagarI meM padhAre, taba mahArAja kuNDarIka aura unake laghu bhrAtA darzana-vandana Adi ke liye muni sevA meM phuNce| upadeza zravaNa kara puNDarIka ne muni mahApadma kI sevA meM zrAmaNya svIkAra kara liyaa| bahuta kAla pazcAt aneka sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue kuNDarIka muni punaH usa nagara meM Aye / usa samaya unake zarIra meM dAhajvara kA prakopa thaa| rAjA ne unakI munidharma ke anukUla auSadhopacArAdi kI samucita vyavasthA kara dii| pariNAmataH muni kuNDarIka kucha hI samaya meM pUrNataH svastha ho gye| jaba muni svastha ho jAne para bhI vihAra ke prati upekSA evaM udAsInatA dikhalAne lage to rAjA ne unheM samajhA-bujhAkara vihAra krvaayaa| anicchA hote hue bhI muni ne vihAra to kara diyA para unakA mana rAjya bhogoM meM vilubdha ho cukA thA ataH kucha hI kAla ke pazcAt ve puna: puNDarIkiraNI nagarI meM loTe aura nagarI ke bAhara eka udyAna meM virAjamAna hue| muni ke Agamana kI sUcanA prApta hote hI rAjA unheM vandana-namana karane hetu udyAna meM pahuMcA aura muni ko ciMtita dekhakara bolA - "mahArAja! Apa dhanya haiM, jo viSaya-kaSAyoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana kATa kara saMyamasAdhanA karate hue vicaraNa kara rahe haiN| mai adhanya hai, jo abhI taka rAjya ke prapaMcoM meM ulajhA huA hai|" rAjA dvArA isa prakAra kI bAta ke punaH punaH doharAye jAne para bhI muni ne jaba usa para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA to rAjA ne muni se pUchA- mahArAja ! Apako bhoga se prayojana hai athavA yoga se ?" muni kuNDarIka. ne dabe svara meM kahA - "bhoga se|" aneka prakAra se samajhAne para bhI jaba kuNDarIka saMyama-mArga meM sthira nahIM hue to rAjA puNDarIka ne apane chatra, cAmarAdi rAjacinha muni kuNDarIka ko dekara use rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna kiyA aura svayaM zAsanahita aura vaMza kI pratiSThA ko ujjvala banAye rakhane hetu rAjyavaibhava kA tRNavat tyAga kara kuNDarIka ke dharmopakaraNa dhAraNa kara saMyama mArga meM dIkSita ho gaye / muni puNDarIka vihAra karate hue sthaviroM ke pAsa pahuMce aura unase cAturyAma dharma svIkAra kara nirantara chaha-chaTTha tapa karate hue tapa kI jAjvalyamAna jvAlA

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6..nAyAdhammakahAo] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 146 meM apane karmasamUha ko jalAne lge| pratikUla, antaHprAnta aura nissAra prAhAra ke kAraNa mUni puNDarIka ke zarIra meM prabala vyAdhi utpanna ho gaI para ve saMyama mArga meM pUrNarUpeNa sthira rhe| muni puNDarIka ne jaba dekhA ki unakA zarIra asAdhya roga se grasta hone ke kAraNa upacAra kI sthiti meM nahIM hai to unhoMne sabhI prakAra ke moha-mamatva kA parityAga kara sthitaprajJa ho AjIvana anazana svIkAra kara liyA aura ve samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM tetIsa sAgara kI sthiti vAle deva ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| ___idhara kuNDarIka rAjyasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hote hI svacchanda rUpa se yathepsita bhogopabhogoM meM nirantara pAsakta rahane lagA / viSayAsakti aura AhArAdi ke .asaMyama ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhISaNa dAhajvara kI asahya pIr3A ne use dhara dbaayaa| rAjya, rASTra aura antaHpura ke bhogoM meM mUcchita banA humA vaha raudrabhAva meM karAlakAla kA kavala banakara sAtavIM naraka meM utpanna ho yora duHkhoM kA bhAgI bnaa| isa prakAra saMyama lekara punaH bhogoM meM Asakta hone vAlA vyakti kuNDarIka kI taraha ghora duHkhoM kA bhAgI banatA hai, yaha isa adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 10 vargoM meM camarendra, balIndra, dharaNendra, pizAcendra, mahAkAlendra, zakra evaM IzAnendra kI agramahISiyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hone vAlI sAdhviyoM kI puNya kathAeM vividha adhyayanoM ke rUpa meM dI gaI haiN| dazoM vargoM meM kUla 206 adhyayana haiN| inameM variNata adhikAMza vRddhakumAriyAM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke zAsana meM dIkSita hokara uttaraguNa kI virAdhanA ke kAraNa deviyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna huI batAI gaI haiN| una sAdhikAroM ke deviyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hone para bhI unakA unhIM nAmoM se paricaya diyA gayA hai jo nAma unake mAnavabhava meM the| isa aMga meM ullikhita dharmakathAnoM meM pArzvanAthakAlIna janajIvana, vibhinna matamatAntara, pracalita rItirasma, naukA sambandhI sAdhana sAmagrI, kArAgAra paddhati, rAjya vyavasthA, sAmAjika, Arthika, sAMskRtika evaM dhArmika paristhitiyoM Adi kA bar3A sajIva varNana kiyA gayA hai| 7. uvAsagavasAmro uvAsaMgavasAmro- nAmaka sAtaveM aMga meM nAma ke anusAra daza upAsaka gahasthoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| unake adhyayana bhI daza haiM ataH zAstra kA nAma upAsakadazA yuktisaMgata hai| isameM 1 zrutaskandha, 10 adhyayana, 10 uddezanakAla aura 10 hI samUddezanakAla kahe gaye haiN| isameM saMkhyAta hajAra pada, saMkhyAta akSara, saMkhyAta niruktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahariNayAM, saMkhyAta pratipattiyAM aura saMkhyAta zloka batAye gae haiN| vartamAna meM isa pAgama kA parimANa 812 zloka-pramANa hai|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [7. uvAsagadasAmo isake 10 adhyayanoM meM Ananda prAdi vibhinna jAti va vyavasAya vAle zrAvakoM kI jIvanacaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / prathama adhyayana meM prAnanda gAthApati ke sAmAjika jIvana kA paricaya dete hue usakI 12 karor3a sampadA ko tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTa kara rakhane. 40 hajAra pazu aura sva-para samAja meM usakI Adarza prAmANikatA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| mAnanda dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa ahiMsAdi 5 aNuvrata, tIna guragavata aura cAra zikSAvata rUpa dvAdazavidha zrAvakadharma svIkAra karane kA ullekha hai| karor3oM kI sampadA ke hote hue bhI usa samaya ke nAgarika-jIvana meM AhAra-vihAra evaM paridhAna kA kaisA sAdApana thA, isakA prAnanda ke jIvana se sahI paricaya prApta hotA hai| isameM prAge batAyA gayA hai ki zrAvakadharma grahaNa karane ke 14 varSa pazcAt mAnanda ne apane jyeSTha putra ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara kollAga sanniveza kI nijI pauSadhazAlA meM paDimAghArI jIvana se virakti mArga kI sAdhanA kI aura anta samaya meM pravadhijJAna ke sAtha AjIvana anazanapUrvaka kAla kara vaha prathama svarga kA adhikArI bnaa| dUsare adhyayana meM upAsaka kAmadeva ke vratagrahaNa aura sAdhanApUrNa jIvana kA paricaya dete hue batalAyA gayA hai ki kAmadeva ne devatA dvArA upasthita kiye gae pizAca, sarpa, hAthI Adi ke vividha upasoM meM bhI avicala rahakara apanI pArmika dRr3hatA kA paricaya diyaa| deva ne pizAca evaM hAthI Adi ke rUpa se use khUba DarAyA, dhamakAyA aura mAraNAntika kaSTa dene meM bhI kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM rakhI para kAmadeva pUrNataH pracala rahA, jisakI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI zramaNamaNDala ke sammukha prazaMsA kii| tIsare adhyayana meM culaNIpitA zrAvaka kI jIvanacaryA kA varNana hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki culagIpitA ke yahAM 8 gokula (80 hajAra pazu)evaM 24 karor3a kI sampadA thii| cauthe aura pAMcaveM adhyayana meM kramazaH surAdeva aura culariNazataka ke chaH-chaH gokuloM (60-60 hajAra pazuoM) aura pATha-pATha karor3a kI sampadA kA ullekha hai| ina tInoM zrAvakoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se dharma-zravaNa kiyA aura anta meM 5 varSa taka paDimAghArI ke rUpa meM viraktajIvana kI sAdhanA karate hue samAdhi-maraNa se prAyu pUrNa kara prathama svarga meM devasva prApta kiyaa| ___chaThe adhyayana meM upAsaka kuNDakaulika ke sAtha prazolavanikA meM niyativAdI deva ke saMvAda kI carcA kI gaI hai| deva ne zrAvaka ko nAmAMkita mudrikA aura pror3hane kA cAdara uThAkara prAkAza meM sthita ho kuNDakaulika se kahA - "bhagavAn mahAvIra kA utthAna, krama, balavIrya vAlA mArga ThIka nahIM hai / gozAlaka maMkhaliputra kI dharmaprajJapti sundara hai / kyoMki usameM utthAna, krama, balavIrya, puruSArtha, parAkrama kI aAvazyakatA nahIM hotii|"

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7. ubA sagadasAmro ] kevalikAla : mAyaM sudharmA 151 isa para kuNDakaulika zrAvaka deva se pUchA - "tumane devabhava kisa taraha se prApta kiyA hai ?" gRhastha zrAvaka bhI usa sama the, isakA kuNDakaulika ke jIvana e dharma marma ke jJAtA aura dRr3ha zraddhAlu hote haja hI paricaya ho jAtA hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM kumbhakA saddAlaputta kI jIvanacaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai ! yaha pahale maMkhaliputra goka kA upAsaka thaa| phira eka deva dvArA preraNA pAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko vandana karane gayA / unakI dezanA sunane para usake hRdaya meM kucha zraddhA evaM jijJa sA jAgRta huI / usane bhagavAn kahAvIra ko apanI kumbhakArazAlA meM padhArane kA prArthanA kii| prabhu bhI avasara dekhakara vahAM ghAre praura unhoMne sakar3Alaputra ke sAtha niyativAda kI yathArthatA para carcA kI / prabhu ne pUchA - "sakaDAla ! ghar3A meM banatA hai ?" sakaDAla ne ghaTanirmAraNa kI sArI prakriyA kaha sunAI / prabhu ne kahA - "yadi koI durmati puruSa dhUpa meM sUkhate hue tere ghar3oM ko patthara mArakara phor3ane lage aura terI priya patnI pragnimitrA ke sAtha cher3achAr3a evaM kuceSTA kare to tU kyA karegA ? yadi terI mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha saba kucha niyatikRta hai to tujhe una duSTa puruSoM para ruSTa hone evaM unako mArane koTane kI ceSTA karanA ucita nahIM / yadi tU una para roSa karatA hai aura aparAdha kA daNDa dene ke lie unheM mAratA pITatA hai to niyatavaza saba kArya kA honA mAnanA ThIka nahIM / " prabhu mahAvIra ke isa prakAra ke hRdayagrAhI evaM tarkapUrNa vicAroM se prabhAvita ho sakaDAla mahAvIra bhagavAn kI dharmaprajJapti kA anuyAyI bana gayA / sakaDAla ke yahAM 30 hajAra pazu aura 1 karor3a kI sampadA evaM 500 dukAneM thIM / gozAlaka sakaDAla ke mataparivartana kI sUcanA pAkara use samajhAne prAyA para sakaDAla puruSArthavAda kI samyak zraddhA para itanA dRr3ha ho gayA thA ki usane gozAlaka ko prAdara se dekhA taka nahIM / gozAlaka ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti kara use AkarSita karane kA prayatna kiyA / anta meM 5 varSa taka par3imAdhArI rUpa se viraktabhAva kI sAdhanA kara sakaDAla ne bhI anazanapUrvaka svarga prApta kiyaa| AThaveM adhyayana meM upAsaka mahAzataka kI caryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / - usake 80 hajAra pazu, 24 karor3a kI sampadA aura revatI Adi 13 striyoM kA parivAra thA / pApakarma ke udaya se revatI anArya karma karane lgii| mohodaya se usako mahAzataka kA dhArmika jIvana praprItikara lagane lgaa| eka bAra vaha madya ke unmAda meM unmatta hokara dharmasAdhanA meM nirata mahAzataka ke pAsa jAkara yadvAtadvA bolane lagI / mahAzataka ne parivAra se virakta ho ekAntasevana bAlU kara rakhA thA ataH revatI ke durvacanoM ko sunakara bhI vaha kucha kAla taka zAnta rahA para revatI jaba apane prasaMgata pralApa se bAja nahIM AI to ruSTa ho mahAzataka ne use sAtaveM dina mara kara chuTTI naraka meM jAne kA aniSTa bhaviSya sunA DAlA / bhagavAn

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152 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [7. uvAsagadasAmro mahAvIra usa samaya rAjagRha nagara meM hI virAjamAna the| unhoMne apane jyeSTha ziSya gautama dvArA mahAzataka ko bhUlasudhAra ke lie prerita kiyaa| ... nauveM adhyayana meM nandinIpitA aura dazaveM adhyayana meM sAlihIpitA nAmaka do zrAvakoM ke jIvana kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| una donoM ke yahAM cAlIsacAlIsa hajAra pazu aura bAraha-bAraha karor3a kI sampadA thii| anta meM ina donoM zrAvakoM ne bhI paDimAdhArIpana kI sAdhanA kara prArambha-parigraha se virakti svIkAra kI ora anta samaya meM anazanapUrvaka kAla kara prathama svarga meM mahaddhika deva rUpa se utpanna hue| ___ zAstra meM varNita ye sabhI zrAvaka bAraha vratadhArI upAsaka the| mahAzataka ko chor3a sabane eka-eka patnI ke atirikta maithuna-sevana kA tyAga kara rakkhA thaa| sabane 14 varSa taka upAsaka dharma kI pAlanA kara 15 veM varSa zramaNadharma ke nikaTa pahuMcane kI bhAvanA se apane-apane jyeSTha putroM ko gArhasthya samhalA kara zrAvaka ke veza meM zanaiH zanaiH prArambha-parigraha kA tyAga var3hAkara anta meM zramaNabhUta pratimA meM sAdhu kI taraha trikaraNa triyoga se pApa-nivRtti kI sAdhanA kii| Ananda kI sAdhanA upasarga rahita rahI para anya upAsakoM- kAmadeva se mahAzataka taka ko devakRta upasarga aura zeSa tIna ko strI kA upasarga honA batAyA gayA hai| sabane 20 varSa kI avadhi taka zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana kara sadgati prApta kI aura AgAmI bhava meM mahAvideha kSetra meM janma lekara ve saba mokSa ke adhikArI bneNge| upAsakadazA kA mahatva sadgRhasthoM - zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke gRhastha dharma para samIcInatayA pUrNa rUpeNa prakAza DAlane vAlA yaha sAtavAM aMga upAsakadazA vastutaH sabhI gahasthoM ke lie bar3A hI upayogI hai| isameM jisa prakAra ke sadAcAra kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai, usake anusAra yadi pratyeka gRhastha apane jIvana ko DhAlane kA prayAsa kare to yaha mAnavatA ke lie varadAna siddha ho sakatA hai| isameM tatkAlIna bhArata aura bhAratIyoM ke atula dhanavaibhava, anukaraNIya sadAcAra, unnata vicAra, sukhapUrNa Adarza jIvana aura pragAr3ha dharmAnurAga ke darzana hote hai| 8. aMtagaDadasAmro * pAThavAM aMga antakRtdazA hai| isameM 1 zrutaskaMdha, 8 varga, 60 adhyayana, 8 uddezanakAla aura 8 hI samuddezanakAla tathA parimita vAcanAeM haiN| isameM anuyogadvAra, veDhA, zloka, niryaktiyAM, saMgrahaNiyAM, evaM pratipaniyAM saMkhyAtamakhyAta hai| isake pada-saMkhyAta hajAra aura akSara-saMvyAta batAye gaye haiN| vartamAna meM yaha aMgazAstra 900 zlokaparimAgA kA hai| isake pAThA varga kramazaH 10,8,13,10, 10, 16, 13 aura 10 adhyayanoM meM vibhakta haiN| prastuta mUtra meM

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8. aMtamadasAmo] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 153 bhavabhramaNa kA anta karane vAle sAdhakoM kI sAdhanAdazA kA varNana hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma antakRddazA rakhA gayA hai| aMtakRddazA ke prathama do vargoM meM gautama prAdi vRSNi kula ke 18 rAjakumAroM kI sAdhanA kA varNana hai| unameM se 10 kA dIkSA kAla 12-12 varSa kA aura zeSa 8 kA 16-16 varSa batAyA gayA hai| ina sabhI uccakulIna rAjakumAroM ne guragaratnasaMvatsara jaise kaThora tapa kI ArAdhanA kara eka-eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se saba duHkhoM kA anta kara mukti prApta kii| tIsare varga ke 13 aura cauthe varga ke 10 adhyayanoM meM variNata 23 cArijAramA bhI zrI vasudeva, zrI kRSNa, zrI baladeva aura zrI samudravijaya ke rAjakumAra batAye gaye haiN| una sabhI ne bhagavAn neminAtha kI sevA meM munivrata grahaNa kara aneka varSoM taka saMyamadharma kI pAlanA aura kaThora tapazcaraNa karate hue samasta karmoM kA anta kara ajarAmara siddhapada prApta kiyaa| inameM se zrIkRSNa ke anuja gajasukumAla ne binA dIrghakAla kI zramaNaparyAya ke eka hI dina kI sAdhanA dvArA AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hokara samasta karmoM kA eka antarmuhUrta meM hI anta kara diyaa| somila brAhmaNa ne gajasukumAla ke zira para bhIgI miTTI kI pAja bAMdha kara khaira ke pradIpta aMgAre rakha diye para ve tana mana se aDola niSkaMpa, zAnta aura AtmasvarUpa meM lIna rahe / kaisI adbhuta kSamatA thI? kevala kucha hI kSaNoM kI jJAnArAdhanA thI para samyagdarzana aura samyakacAritra kI utkRSTatama pArAdhanA dvArA unhoMne antarmuhurtakAla meM hI kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI prApti kara lii| gajasukumAla kI prati svalpakAlIna saphala sAdhanA isa vAta kA jvalaMta pramANa hai ki samyagjJAna svalpatara hote hue bhI yadi antastalasparzI athavA antarmukhI hai to vaha binA dIrghakAla kI tapasyA ke bhI siddhi pradAna kara sakatA hai| paMcama varga meM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjakumAroM kI taraha rAjarAniyAM bhI saMyamasAdhanA dvArA siddhi prApta kara sakatI haiM, striyoM ko bhI puruSoM ke samAna hI tadbhava mokSagamana kA adhikAra hai| zrIkRSNa kI padmAvatI Adi rAniyoM aura pUtravadhunoM ne bhI bosa 2 varSa ke dIkSAkAla meM 11.aMgoM kA jJAna prApta kara dIrghakAlIna kaThora tapazcaryA dvArA sakala duHkhoM kA anta kara zAzvata zivapada prApta kiyaa| uparokta pAMca vargoM meM variNata saba sAdhaka-sAdhikAroM ne bhagavAna neminAtha ke dharmazAsana meM makti prApta kI phira bhI una sabakA sAdhanApUrNa jIvana sAdhanApatha meM mArgadarzaka hai, isaliye unake utkRSTa jIvanacaritra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsanavartI "antagaDasUtra" meM sammilita kiye gaye haiN| chaThe varga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsanavartI vibhinna zreNI ke 16 sAdhakoM kA varNana hai / ina adhyayanoM se pramAgmita kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhanA meM kula, jAti va pravasthA kA vargabheda nahIM hotaa| gAthApati, mAlI, rAjA aura bAlaka bhI sAdhanA

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154 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [8. aMtagaDadasAmo ke adhikArI ho sakate haiN| nirantara 6 mAsa taka sAta-sAta manuSyoM kI hatyA karane vAlA arjuna mAlI bhI kSamatApUrvaka tapa kI sAdhanA se 6 mAha kI alpa avadhi meM hI mukti kA adhikArI ho gyaa| sacamuca hI vItarAga-mArga patitapAvana hai| avasthA kI dRSTi se atimukta kumAra jaisA 7 varSa kA bAlaka bhI saMyamamArga ko sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se nara se nArAyaNa aura jIva se ziva pada kI prApti kA adhikArI batAyA gayA hai| sAtaveM aura AThaveM varga ke 23 adhyayanoM meM nandA nandamatI evaM kAlI, sukAlI Adi zreNika kI 23 rAniyoM ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana kA varNana hai| ina saba mahAsatiyoM ne muktAvalI, ratnAvalI, kanakAvalI, laghusiMhavikrIr3ita, aura mahAsiMhavikrIr3ita, laghusarvatobhadra, mahAsarvatobhadra, bhadrottara evaM AyaMbila varddhamAna jaise tapoM ke dvArA karmakSaya kara siddhi prApta kii| antakRt dazA sUtra kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM tadbhavamokSagAmI jIvoM kAhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhautikatA para AdhyAtmikatA kI vijaya thI ki rAjagharAne ke naranArI vipula aizvarya evaM aparimita bhogoM ko tyAgakara bar3I saMkhyA meM tyAga kI ora agrasara hue| antakRt dazA ke upalabdha adhyayanoM ke atirikta sthAnAMga sUtra meM anya 10 adhyayanoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / jaise : namI mayaMge somille, rAmagutte sudNsnne| jamAlI a bhagAlI akiMkame pallae ia / / phAle aaThThaputte ya eme.te dasa AhiyA / / [sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 10] zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA meM bhI antakRtadazA aura anuttarovavAiya dazA ke ina daza. adhyayanoM ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN| prAcArya akalaMka ne apane grantha rAjavArtika meM prAyaH isI rUpa meM ina adhyayanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| dhavalA, jayadhavalA, aMgapaNNattI' Adi meM bhI ina donoM aMgoM ke adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai aura ve rAjavAtika tathA sthAnAMga meM likhita nAmoM se milate-julate haiN| vartamAna meM upalabdha antakRt dazA meM ina nAma vAle 10 adhyayanoM kA bilkula ullekha na hokara anya pAtroM kA jo varNana milatA hai isakA pramukha kAraNa vAcanA-bheda hI ho sakatA hai / 6. praNuttarovavAiyavasA dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM anuttaropapAtikadazA nauvAM aMga hai| isameM 1 zrutaskaMdha 3 varga, 3 uddezanakAla, 3 samuddezanakAla, parimita vAcanAeM, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra, ' mAyaMga rAmaputto somila jamalIkaraNAma kikkaMbI / sudaMsaraNo balIko ya gamI alaMbaddha puttalayA // 51 / / [aMga paNNattI]

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6. aNutarovavAiyadasA] kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA 155 saMkhyAta veDhA chanda, saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niruktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahariNayAM, saMkhyAta pratipattiyAM, saMkhyAta hajAra pada aura saMkhyAta akSara haiN| vartamAna meM yaha sUtra 162 zlokaparimAraNa kA hai| ____ isa aMga meM aise mahApuruSoM kA caritra diyA gayA hai jinhoMne ghora tapazcaraNa paura vizuddha saMyama kI sAdhanA ke pazcAt maraNa prApta kara anutaravimAnoM meM devatva prApta kiyA aura vahAM se cyavana kara manuSya bhava meM saMyamadharma ko samyag aArAdhanA kara mukti prApta kreNge| anuttaropapAtika dazA ke tIna vargoM meM kramazaH 10, 13 praura 10 isa prakAra kula milA kara 33 adhyayanoM meM 33 caritrAtmAoM kA saMkSipta varNana hai| una 33 mahApuruSoM meM se prathama jAlIkumAra prAdi 23 to magadhasamrATa zreNika ke putra the| una 23 rAjakumAroM meM se katipaya rAjakumAroM kI mAtA dhAriNI, kucha kI celanA tathA katipaya kI nandA thiiN| tIsare varga ke dhanya prAdi 10 caritrAtmA kAkandI nagarI kI sArthavAhapalI bhadrA ke putra the| isameM dhannA ke yahAM karor3oM kI sampadA aura 32 patniyAM hone kA ullekha hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmopadeza suna kara dhazA ko vairAgya utpanna huaa| prabhu caraNoM meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt dhanA araNagAra ne jIvana bhara ke lie chaha-cha? tapa se pAraNA karane kI pratijJA kii| bele ke pAraNe meM bhI prAyambila (prAcAmla) kA rUdA bhojana jo gahastha ke yahAM bAhara pheMkane yogya hotA use dhannA muni grahaNa krte| ghora tapazcaraNa ke kAraNa unakA rakta evaM mAMsa sUkha gayA aura unakA zarIra kevala masthipaMjara sA pratIta hotA thaa| eka bAra magadhAdhipati zreNika dvArA yaha pUchane para ki 14,000 sAdhumoM meM se kaunasA mUni duSkarakAraka hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dhannA muni ko hI apane samasta zramaNottamoM meM sarvottama zramaNa btaayaa| dhannA praNagAra ne 6 mAsa kI svalpakAlIna sAdhanA se hI mAyu pUrNa kii| tapasyA se muni dhannA kA zarIra itanA kSINa ho gayA thA ki usameM rakta-mAMsa kA kahIM patA taka nahIM lagatA thaa| ve apane cavinaddha asthimAtrAvaziSTa zarIra ko hI manobala se calAte rhe| anta meM saMlekhanApUrvaka eka mAsa ke anazana se ve sarvArthasiddha vimAna meM deva rUpa se utpanna hue| ___ sthAnAMga, rAjavArtika aura pragapaNNattI prAdi meM isake 10 adhyayanoM ke nAma diye gae haiM, unameM se kucha vartamAna meM upalabdha anuttaropapAtikadazA meM milate haiN| ............", ujudAso sAlibhaddakyo / suraNavakhato prabhayo vi ya dhaNNo vrvaarisennnnNdrgyaa| NaMdo cilAyaputto kattaiyo jaha * taha aNNe / / 55 // [maMga pampatI]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga 10. paNhAvAgaraNa dazavAM aMga praznavyAkararaNa (paNhAvAgararaNa) hai, isakA dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM dazavAM sthAna hai / samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra aura sthAnAMga tathA digambara paramparA ke aMgapatti Adi granthoM meM praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kA jisa prakAra kA paricaya diyA gayA hai usase vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa kA mela nahIM baiThatA, yaha eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai / samavAyAMga sUtra meM praznavyAkararaNa kA paricaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA gayA hai : : 15 " praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 108 prazna, 108 prazna aura 108 praznAprazna', vidyAtizaya, nAgakumAra, suparNakumAra athavA yakSAdi ke sAtha sAdhakoM ke jo divya saMvAda huA karate haiM - una saba viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / svakIya tathA parakIya siddhAnta ke prajJApaka pratyeka buddhoM ne vividha artha vAlI bhASAmroM dvArA jina praznoM kA pratipAdana kiyA, viziSTa* labdhisampanna, upazAntakaSAya, aneka guNoM aura yogyatAtroM se sampanna mahAn prAcAryoM ne jina praznoM kA kathana kiyA, jinazAsana meM hue aneka maharSiyoM ne jina praznoM ko aneka prakAra ke vistAra ke sAtha kahA hai, jagat ke upakAraka jo prazna darpaNa, aMguSTa, bAhu, khaDga, marakatAdi mariNa, pratasI athavA kapAsa se nirmita vastra, sUrya, bhitti, zaMkha ghaNTA zrAdi se saMmbandha rakhate haiM, una saba praznoM kA, devasahAyaprApta mahAprazna vidyAoM tathA manaH prazna vidyAoM kA, labdhyatizaya se sabako vismaya meM DAla dene vAle praznoM kA, ananta pratIta meM hue tIrthaMkaroM kI sattA ko siddha karane meM samartha praznoM kA zrIra prazna- vidyAoM ke adbhuta guNoM kA nirUpaNa praznavyAkaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai / praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM 1 zrutaskandha, 45 udde zanakAla, 45 samudda zanakAla, saMkhyAtasahasra pada, saMkhyAta prakSara, parimita vAcanAeM, saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niryuktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahaNiyAM aura saMkhyAta hI pratipattiyAM haiN|" naMdIsUtra meM praznavyAkaraNa sUtra kA paricaya dete hue batAyA gayA hai :" dazaveM aMga praznavyAkaraNa meM 108 prazna 108 aprazna evaM 108 praznAprazna jaise ki aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna, darpaNaprazna Adi ( jinameM maMtra athavA vidyAM ke prabhAva se aMguSTha, bhujA evaM darpaNa prAdi zubhAzubha kA kathana kara dete haiM) vicitra prabhAvazAlI vidyAoM kA varNana tathA sAdhakoM ke sAtha nAga kumAroM, suparNakumAroM prAdi bhuvanapati devoM ke saMvAdoM kA varNana hai| isameM 1 zrutaskandha, 45 adhyayana, " naMdI - malaya vRtti ke anusAra jina maMtroM-vidyAnoM dvArA aMguSTha, bAhu Adi ke prazna ke mAdhyama se zubhAzubha kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, unheM prazna, aura jina vidyAnoM athavA maMtroM ke dvArA binA kisI prakAra kA prazna kiye hI zubhAzubha kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai unheM aprazna dhaura jina maMtroM athavA vidyAnoM dvArA aMguSTha prAdi ke prazna tathA aprazna donoM se sambandha rakhakara zubhAzubha kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai unheM praznAprazna kahA gayA hai / [sampAdaka ] -

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10. panhAvAmaraNa) nikAla : mArya suvarmA 157 45 uddezanakAla, saMkhyAtasahasra pada', saMkhyAta akSara, parimita vAcanAeM, saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niyuktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahariNayAM aura saMkhyAta hI pratipattiyAM haiN|" sthAnAMga sUtra meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke nimnalikhita 10 adhyayanoM kA ullekha hai : upamA (1), saMkhyA (2), RSibhASita (3), prAcAryabhASita (4), mahAvIrabhASita (5), kSobhaka prazna (6), komala prazna (7), addAga prazna (8), aMguSTha prazna (9) aura bAhu prazna (10) / . digambara paramparA ke grantha aMgapaNNatti aura rAjavAtika Adi granthoM meM bhI sthAnAMga se kucha milatA-julatA isa aMga ke viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha isa dazama aMga praznavyAkaraNa meM na to uparivariNata viSaya hI haiM aura na 45 adhyayana hii| prAja jo praznavyAkaraNa upalabdha hai vaha do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai / isake prathama khaNDa meM 5 prAzravadvAroM kA varNana hai aura dUsare khaNDa meM pAMca saMvaradvAroM kaa| 5 prAzravadvAroM meM hiMsAdi pAMca pApoM aura saMgharadvAroM meM hiMsAdi pApoM ke niSedharUpa ahiMsAdi 5 vratoM kA suvyavasthita vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA ke samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga aura nandIsUtra meM tathA digaMbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM rAjavAtika, dhavalA, aMgapaNraNatti Adi meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke jina viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai una viSayoM kA upalabdha praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM nAmazeSa bhI dRSTigocara na hokara jo unase sarvathA bhinna viSayoM kA nirUpaNa milatA hai, usake sambandha meM vRttikAra abhayadeva sUri kA nimnalikhita spaSTIkaraNa dRSTavya hai : ___ "isa samaya kA koI anadhikArI vyakti praznavyAkaraNa sUtra meM variNata vicAroM kA durupayoga na kara baiThe isa AzaMkA se ve saba vidyAeM isa sUtra meM se "navaraM saMkhyeyAni padasahasrANi dvinavatilakSyaH SoDaza sahasrA ityarthaH / naMdI-malayavRtti, pR0 472, dhanapatisiMha] 2 pamhassa duudvynngtthtthpmutthimnnutthysruuvss| pAduNaramUlajassa vi pratyo tiyakAlagocarayo / / 57 / / paNaSaNNajayaparAjayalAhAlAhAdisuhaduhaM NeyaM / bIviyamaraNatyo vi ya jatya kahijjaha sahAveNa // 58 / / paramANuyogakaraNANuyogavaracaraNadavyapraNuyogaM / saMThANaM lopassa ya, yadi sAvayadhammavitthAraM / / 60 / / saMsAradehabhogA rAgo jIvassa jAyade tamhA / mamuhANaM kammAeM, baMgho tatto have dukkhaM / / 7 / / [aMgapaNNatti)

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158 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [10. panhAvAgaraNa nikAla dI gaI aura unake sthAna para prAzrava evaM saMvara kA samAveza kara diyA gyaa|" 'abhayadeva sUri kA yaha kathana ThIka pratIta hotA hai / Agama ke malapATha se yaha spaSTatayA prakaTa hotA hai ki bhUtakAla kI ghaTanAoM evaM atIndriya viSayoM ke sambandha meM pratyakSa ke samAna pratIti karAne vAlI camatkArapUrNa darpaNaprazna, aMguSThaprazna, bAhuprazna Adi aneka vidyAeM isa aMga meM vidyamAna thiiN| una praznoM dvArA atyanta nigUr3ha manogata praznoM taka kA pUrNa pratItikAraka vAstavika uttara de diyA jAtA thA aura isa prakAra ke pratyadbhuta camatkAra se logoM ke hRdaya meM dRr3ha vizvAsa utpanna ho jAtA thA ki pratIta kAla meM, tIrthaMkara nizcita rUpa se hue haiM tabhI unhoMne isa prakAra ke alaukika praznoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadi atizaya jJAnI tIrthakara nahIM hue hote to isa prakAra ke praznoM (vidyAoM) kA prAdurbhAva hI nahIM hotaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina siddhAnta ke anurUpa bhArambha-samArambha pUrNa vidyAnoM evaM nimittakathana Adi se sarvathA bacate hue prAdhyAtmika amyunnati, pratIti athavA dharmAbhyudaya hetu apavAda rUpa se hI isa prakAra kI vidyAmoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hogaa| parantu kAlaprabhAva se parivartita paristhitiyoM meM pUrvAcAryoM ko AdhyAtmika abhyutthAna meM sahAyaka una vidyAnoM ke durupayoga kI AzaMkA huI to unhoMne una vidyAoM ko isa aMga meM se nikAla diyaa|| vAstavikatA kyA hai, yaha vastutaH vidvAnoM ke lie gahana zodha kA eka acchA viSaya hai| vartamAna meM praznavyAkaraNasUtra 1300 zlokapramAraNa kahA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha praznavyAkaraNasUtra ke donoM zrutaskandhoM meM pratipAdita viSaya kA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : prathama zrutaskandha meM 5 Azrava dvAroM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 1. prathama 'adharmadvAra' meM hiMsA kA pAMca prakAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| vItarAga jinezvara ne hiMsA ko pAparUpa, anArya (karma) aura naraka gati meM le jAne vAlA batAyA hai| prAraNavadha Adi isake 30 nAma diye gae haiN| isameM yaha samajhAyA gayA hai ki asaMyamI, avirati aura mana, vAraNI tathA kArya ke prazubha yoga vAle jIva, pazu-pakSI-kITAdi jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| basa jIvoM kI hiMsA aya praznadhyAkaraNAkhyaM dazamAMgaM vyAkhyAyate / atha ko'syAbhidhAnasyArthaH ? ucyate praznIH aMguSThAdiprazna vidyAstA vyAkriyate'sminniti praznavyAkaraNaM / kvacitpraznavyAkaraNadazA iti dRzyate tatra praznAnAM vidyAvizeSANAM yAni vyAkaraNAni teSAM pratipAdanaparAdazAdazAdhyayanapratibaddhAH granthapaddhatayaH iti prshnvyaakrnndshaaH| ayaM ca vyutpatyartho'syapUrvakAle'bhUdidAnI tvAzravapaMcaka saMvarapaMcakavyAkRtirevehopalabhyate'tizayAnAM pUrvAdhAradaMyugInAM puSTAlaMbanaprativipuruSApekSayotAritatvAditi / [praznavyAkaraNa, abhayadevamUrikRtA. TIkA, pR0 1 (dhanapatisiMha)]

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. 156 1. pahAbAgaraNa] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA ke vividha kAraNoM meM se mukhya kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue isameM batAyA gayA hai ki asthi, mAMsa, carma Adi prANyaMgoM ke lie tathA zarIra evaM bhavana Adi kI zobhA bar3hAne hetu mukhyataH trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kI jAtI hai| pathvI, jala Adi sthAvarakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA ullekha karane se pahale isameM kahA gayA hai ki mandabuddhi loga jAnate hue aura anajAna meM bhI sthAvarakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA ke kAraNoM ko batAte hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki kRSi, kuA, bAvaDI, caitya, smAraka, stUpa, ghara, bhavana, mandira, mUrti aura bhANDopakaraNa Adi ke lie maMdabuddhi prANI hiMsA karate haiN| - krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka Adi hiMsA ke aMtaraMga kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hue isameM batAyA gayA hai ki dharma, artha aura kAma ke nimitta se manda buddhivAle prANI prayojanavazAt tathA niSprayojana hI jIvoM kI hiMsA karate haiN| hiMsA karane vAloM meM zikArI, pAradhi, dhIvara prAdi krUrakarmI tathA zaka, yavana Adi 50 prakAra ke anAryoM ko ginAyA gayA hai| hiMsAjanya pApa ke phalasvarUpa hone vAle duHkhoM meM naraka aura tiryaMcoM ke vividha duHkhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA haiN| jo loga caitya, maMdira, maTha aura yajJayAgAdi dharmakAryoM meM hone vAlI hiMsA ko hiMsA nahIM mAnate unheM praznavyAkaraNa ke isa adhyayana kA dhyAnapUrvaka paThana evaM manana karanA caahie| isameM artha aura kAma nimitta kI jAne vAtI hiMsA kI hI taraha dharma hetu kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko bhI adharma batAyA gayA hai| isameM hiMsA, hiMsA ke vividha kAraNa aura hiMsaka anArya jAtiyoM kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai| 2. dvitIya adhyayana meM jhUTha ko bhayaMkara aura avizvAsakAraka batAte hue jhUTha bolane vAloM ke 30 nAma diye gaye haiM, jinameM mRSAbhASI, krodhI, lobhI, bhayagrasta, hAsyavaza jhUTha bolane vAle, adhikAMza gavAha cora, bhATa, jumArI, veSadhArI, mAyAvI, avaidha mApa-taula karane vAle, svarNakAra, vastrakAra, cugalakhora, dalAla, lobhI, svArthI Adi ke nAma batAye gae haiN| dhArmika dRSTi se nAstikoM, ekAntavAdiyoM aura kudarzaniyoM ko bhI mRSAbhASI batAyA gayA hai| naraka, tiryaMca gati kI ajasra evaM asahya vedanA, durmati aura azubhavacana Adi ko mRSAbhASaNa kA phala batAte hue isameM kahA gayA hai ki mRSAvAdI isa loka aura paraloka-ubhayatra hI sava prAkara ke kaSToM aura avizvAsa kA pAtra hotA hai| 3. tIsare adhyayana meM corI ko cintA evaM bhaya kI jananI tathA sAdhapuruSoM dvArA vinindita batAte hae isake corI, evaM haraNa Adi 30 nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| corI kauna loga kisa prakAra karate haiM - yaha samajhAte hue kahA gayA hai ki atyadhika lAlasA vAle, paradhana aura parakIya bhUmi para pAsakta,

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16. baina dharma kA mAlika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [10. pAhAvAgaraNa pararASTra para adhikAra karane ke lobhavaza aAkramaNa karane vAle rAjA loga, prazvacora, pazucora pora dAsacora prAdi ke etadviSayaka sabhI upakrama corI kI paridhi meM sammilita haiN| isameM corI ke upakaraNoM aura prakAroM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka varNana ke sAtha-sAtha choTe-bar3e sabhI taraha ke coroM kA ullekha karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki paradravya-hArI anukampArahita evaM nirlajja hote haiN| corI ke aparAdha meM diye jAne vAle kaThora daNDa - tADana, tarjana, chedana-bhedana, aMga ghoTana, kArAvAsa, bandhana prAdi kA bhI isameM vistAra sahita varNana hai| isake uparAnta coryakarma ke phalasvarUpa paraloka meM naraka evaM tithaMca gati ke aneka prakAra ke dAruNa duHkhoM ke paravaza avasthA meM bhogane kA bhI isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyayana ke anta meM batAyA gayA hai ki cora ko ihaloka, paraloka meM kahIM para bhI zAnti nahIM miltii| vaha sadA bhayabhIta vanA nA chUpakara idhara-udhara bhaTakatA humA duHkhamaya evaM prazAnta jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| cauthe adhyayana meM cauthe adharma sthAna maithuna-kuzIla ko jarA, maraNa, rAga, zoka vivarddhaka aura mohavaddhi kA pramukha kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| isake bhI abrahma prAdi 30 nAma diye gaye haiN| maithuna-kuzIla kI grAsevanA evaM prAsakti meM mohamugdhamati deva-devI, bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka Adi, manuSyoM meM cakravartI, valadeva, vAsudeva, mAMDalika rAjA, yogalika mAnava aAdi anupama-apAra bhogasAmagrI ko sudIrgha kAla taka bhoga kara bhI binA tRpti ke karAla kAla ke kavala bana jAte haiN| maithunAsakta nara dUsare ke dhana, jIvana Adi kA vinAza karane meM, nahIM skucaate| hAthI, ghor3e, mahiSAdi pazu aura pakSigaraNa maithunAsaktAvasthA meM eka dUsare ko mAra DAlane ke lie tatpara rahate haiN| prAcIna samaya meM maithunAsakti ke kAraNa jo aneka janakSayakArI yuddha hue unameM se sItA, draupadI, rukmiNI, padmAvatI, tArA, kaMcanA, subhadrA, ahilyA, suvarNagulikA, kinnarI, surUpA vidyunmatI aura rohiNI ke lie hue saMgrAmoM kA isameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isameM prasaMgavazAt striyoM ke saundarya kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| maithunasevana ke dAruNa duHkhapUrNa phala kA ullekha karate hue isameM batAyA gayA hai ki maithunAsakti ke kAraNa prANI isa loka aura paraloka donoM meM hI naSTa hokara basa-sthAvara, sUkSma-bAdara bheda vAle naraka Adi caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM dIrgha kAla taka bhaTakatA huA jarA-maraNa, roga-zoka Adi duHkhoM ko bhogatA rahatA hai| 5. paMcama adhyayana meM vividha prakAra ke cala, acala tathA mitha parigraha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / isameM vRkSa ke rUpaka ke mAdhyama se parigraha kA varNana hai / isameM parigraha ke 30 nAmoM kA ullekha karate hue saMcaya, upacaya, lobhAtmA Adi zabdoM ko ekArthaka arthAt paryAyavAcI batAyA gayA hai| isa adhyayana meM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki cAra jAti ke devagaNa aura 88 grahoM ke deva-devI Adi bhI mamatva rakhate haiM tathA karma bhUmi ke manuSya - cakravartI, vAsudeva, baladeva, mANDalika, Izvara, talavara, zreSThI, senApati, ibhya Adi parigraha kA saMcaya karate

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praznavyAkaraNa kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA haiN| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki paga-paga para vadha-bandha-klezAdi kI bAhalyatA ko upasthita karane vAle prazAzvata parigraha ke liye hI prANI saikar3oM prakAra ke zilpa grora aneka prakAra kI kalAoM ko sIkhatA hai| parigraha kI vRddhi ke liye hI purupa kI bahatara kalAyoM evaM 64 mahilA-guggoM tathA zilpa, sevA prAdi kA zikSaNa prApta kiyA jAtA hai| parigraha ke hetu hI mAnava hiMsA, jhUTha, adattaharaNa grAdi duSkarma tathA bhUkha, pyAma, apamAna Adi vividha kaSToM ko sahana karatA hai / parigraha se bar3hakara manuSyaloka meM anya koI bandhana nahIM hai / parigraha se krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi aneka doSa utpanna hote haiN| parigraha meM saMsakta prAraNI isa loka meM bhI mahAn duHkhI banatA hai aura paraloka meM bhI trasa-sthAvara prAdi jIvayoniyoM meM dIrghakAla taka bhramaNa karatA hugrA dAruNa duHkhoM kA bhAgI banatA hai| adhyayana ke anta meM batAyA gayA hai ki parigraha vastutaH mokSamArga meM avarodha utpanna karane vAlA argalA rUpa antima adharma dvAra hai| ina pAMca prakAra ke prAthavoM se karmaraja kA saMcaya kara jIva caturgatika saMsAra meM ananta kAla taka bhaTakate rahate haiN| bhava-bhramaraNa meM nirantara bhaTakate hue prANiyoM kI dayanIya dazA para gaharA duHkha prakaTa karate hue sUtrakAra ne kahA hai - "saba duHkhoM ko dUra karane vAlA jinavANI rUpI auSadha sabhI ko niHzulka diyA jA rahA hai para jagajIva usakA sevana nahIM karake asahya duHkha bhoga rahe haiM, kyA kiyA jAya ?" dUsare zrutaskandha meM 5 dharmadvAroM arthAt saMvaradvAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ahiMsA (1), satya (2), dattAdAna (3), brahmacarya (4) aura aparigraha (5) ye pAMca dharmadvAra haiN| 1. dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM ahiMsA ko prathama dharma batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki yaha deva, manuSya aura asurAdi loka meM dIpa ke samAna prakAzaka aura saba kI zaraNabhUta hai| dayA, zAnti, utsava, yajJa, pUjA Adi zabdoM ko ahiMsA ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda batAte hue isake 60 nAma diye gae haiN| ahiMsA ko pakSiyoM ke lie AkAza aura samudra meM jahAja ke samAna jagajIvoM kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| jIva mAtra ke lie ahiMsA ko kSemaMkarI batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA aparimitajJAnI, trilokapUjya tIrthaMkaroM dvArA sudRSTa, pravadhijJAniyoM dvArA jJAta, Rjumati, vipulamati ke dhArakoM dvArA jAnI gaI, pUrvadhAriyoM dvArA par3hI gaI aura vividha prakAra ke jJAna, tapa aura labdhidhara sAdhakoM dvArA anapAlita evaM upadiSTa hai| bar3e-bar3e mahAtmAnoM dvArA bhagavatI ahiMsA prazaMsita. hai| isa adhyayana meM ahiMsA ke rakSaNa hetu AhArazuddhi ko paramAvazyaka batAyA gayA hai| paTakAyika jIvoM kI dayA ke lie zuddha pAhAra kI gaveSaNA kA isameM upadeza diyA gayA hai| ahiMsaka muni ko kaise aura kisa prakAra ke prAhAra kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhie, yaha isameM bar3e vistAra ke sAtha batAyA gayA hai| jo pAhAra sAdhu ke lie kRta, kArita aura bulA kara diyA gayA na ho, proddezika

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162 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga | praznavyAkaraNa aura krayadoSa se rahita ho, udgama, utpAdanA evaM eSaNA doSa se rahita, navakoTizuddha ho, vaha bhikSA sAdhu ke graharaNa karane yogya batAI gaI hai / kathAprayojana se lAI huI bhikSA tathA maMtra, mUla, bhaiSajya, svapnaphala aura jyotiSa Adi batAne ke upalakSa meM dI jAne vAlI bhikSA ko sAdhu ke lie agrAhya aura niSiddha batAyA gayA hai / hiMsA kA pravacana bhagavAn ne prANimAtra ke hita aura unake janmAntara ke kalyANa ke lie diyA hai| isameM ahiMsA vrata kI rakSA ke lie 5 bhAvanAeM batAI gaI haiN| prathama bhAvanA meM sa-sthAvara jIvoM kI dayA hetu IryA -samiti se arthAt dekha kara calanA / dUsarI manamamiti meM azubha evaM pradhArmika vicAra nahIM karanA / tIsarI vAksamiti meM sAvadya vacana se bacakara nirdoSa bhASA bolanA / cauthI eSaNa samiti meM bhikSeSaragA meM niyukta muni ko nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha ghara-ghara se thor3I-thor3I bhikSA grahaNa kare aura guru ke samakSa bhikSA nivedita kara AlocanA kare / tadanantara pramAdarahita evaM prazAntarUpeNa baiThakara kSaNa bhara zubha yogoM kA cintana kare aura usake pazcAt choTe-bar3e sabhI sAdhunoM ko nimantrita evaM zarIra ko sApha kara mUrcchArahita ho zrAhAra kare / khAte samaya surasura athavA anya kisI prakAra kA zabda na kare arthAt bhojana karate samaya muMha na bolAve, bhUmi para bhojana kA zraMza nahIM girAve, kevala sAdhanA hetu prAraNa dhAraNa karane ke lie rAgadveSavihIna bhAva se prahAra kre| pAMcavIM pradAna- nikSaiparaNAsamiti meM pITha, phalaka aura mu~hapattI Adi upakaraNoM ko rAgadveSarahita bhAvanA se yatanApUrvaka grahaNa karane kA nirdeza hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki AjIvana isa prakAra ke yoga se calane vAlA sAdhaka AjJA kA ArAdhaka hotA hai / 2. dUsare adhyayana meM dUsare dharmadvAra satya kI ihaloka aura paraloka meM ubhayatra mahimA batAte hue kahA gayA haiM ki satyavAdI na samudra meM DUbatA hai aura na agni meM hI jalatA hai / parvataM se girA diye jAne para bhI vaha surakSita hI rahatA hai kyoMki puNyayoga se deva bhI usakI rakSA karate haiM / satya bhagavAn kA tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI kathana kiyA hai / daza prakAra kA satya deva, dAnava aura mAnavoM kA vandanIya aura pUjanIya hai / dUsare kI nindA, prAtmaprazaMsA evaM apavAdapUrNa bhASaraNa ko satya meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| hiMsAkArI satya bhI zravAcya batalAyA gayA hai| satyavAdI muni ke lie vyAkaraNa kA jJAna bhI zrAvazyaka batAyA gayA hai / nAmasatya, rUpasatya evaM sthApanAsatya jaise bhedoM ko vAstavikatA nahIM hone para bhI vyavahAra meM bolacAla kI dRSTi se satya mAnA hai / satyadharma ke rakSaNArtha bhI 5 bhAvanAeM batAI gaI haiN| prathama bhAvanA meM batAyA gayA hai ki saMyamI hitamita-pathya vAraNI vicAra kara bole / binA vicAre nahIM bole / krodhAveza meM nahIM bole / lobhavaza jhUTha bolA jAtA hai ataH lobha kA parityAga kara saMyata bhASA . bole / roga, vyAdhi, jarA zrAdi se bhayabhIta hokara nahIM bole / hAsya ko bhI jhUTha kA kAraNa batAte hue isameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcama bhAvanA meM hAsya se sadA bacatA rahe / hAsya kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAne para mauna rakhe para hAsya-vaza kisI 1

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praznavyAkaraNa] kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA bhI dazA meM mRSA na bole| isa prakAra sadA sAvadhAna rahakara bolane vAlA bhASA kA pArAdhaka batAyA gayA hai| 3. tIsare adhyayana meM dattAdAna arthAt acaurya nAmaka tIsare dharmadvAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki pUrNa saMyamI sAdhaka hI acauryadharma kA samyakarUpeNa aArAdhana kara pAte haiN| acauryavrata kA svarUpa batAte hue isameM kahA gayA hai ki grAma, nagarAdi meM koI vastu par3I huI ho, koI bhUla gayA ho to usa vastu ko nahIM lenA / kheta athavA jaMgala ke phala, phUla, tRNAdi bhI kheta athavA vana ke svAmI kI binA prAjJA ke tor3anA adattAdAna batAyA gayA hai / isameM saMyamI ke lie yaha Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai ki vaha pITha, phalaka, zayyA aura vastra, upakaraNa Adi kA sahadharmiyoM meM rAmAna rUpa se vibhAga karake upayoga kre| acauryavrata kA pArAdhaka use mAnA gayA hai jo bAla, durbala, vRddha, tapasvI aura prAcArya Adi kI binA kisI prakAra kI apekSA kiye 10 prakAra kI sevA karatA hai evaM jo aprItikAraka ghara tathA usake yahAM ke prAhAra, upakaraNa Adi kA sevana nahIM karatA aura niSiddha prAcaraNoM se sadA dUra rahatA hai| tIsare adattAdAna-viramaraNa vrata kI rakSA ke lie 5 bhAvanAeM batAI gaI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : strI, pazu, paNDakarahita nirdoSa vasati meM vAsa karanA (1), pratidina usa vasati meM nivAsa ke lie prAjJA prApta karanA tathA binA prAjJA ke usameM se kisI bhI vastu ko grahaNa nahIM karanA (2), pITha, phalaka prAdi ke lie prArambha nahIM karanA (3), sAdhAraNa piNDa kI gaveSaNA kara vidhipUrvaka AhAra karanA (4) aura sahadharmI ke prati vinaya pradarzita karanA (5) / 4. cauthe adhyayana meM cauthe dharmadvAra brahmacarya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM brahmacarya ko tapa evaM saMyama kA mUla aura sugati kA pathapradarzaka batAyA gayA hai| ise "brahmacarya bhagavAn" kaha kara 32 upamAoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai| isameM brahmacarya ko devendra-narendroM se pUjita aura sadguNoM meM mukuTa ke samAna zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| brahmacArI ke AhAra, vihAra evaM jIvanacaryA kA varNana karane ke pazcAt isameM isa vrata kI rakSA ke lie Avazyaka 5 bhAvanAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| brahmacArI ke lie sAdA veza aura sAtvika parimita bhojana Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| 1. pAMcaveM adhyayana meM pAMcaveM dharmadvAra aparigraha kA nirUpaNa karate hae batAyA gayA hai ki aparigrahI saba prakAra ke prArambha-samArambha aura parigrahoM se pUrNarUpeNa virata aura jinapraNIta bhAvoM meM zaMkA-kAMkSA rahita hotA hai| isameM aparigraha kA saMvara vRkSa ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| aparigrahI ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hue isameM batAyA gayA hai ki aparigrahI thor3A athavA bahuta,

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164 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [praznavyAkaraNa sUkSma athavA szula, sajIva athavA nirjIva - kisI prakAra kA dravya grahaNa nahIM karatA / pUrNa aparigrahI ko dAMta, zRMga, kAca, patthara evaM carma Adi ke pAtra prabhRti tathA phala-phUla, kanda-mUla Adi grahaNa karane kA isameM niSedha kiyA gayA hai aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki aparigrahI sAdhaka bhojana ke lie bhI hiMsA nahIM krtaa| vaha kAraNa se hI AhAra ko grahaNa karatA aura kAraNavazAt hI AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai| niSparigrahI sAdhaka zarIra-rakSA aura dharmasAdhanA ke lie jo vastra, pAtrAdi grahaNa karatA hai vaha bhI AvazyakatAnusAra nirmamatva bhAva se hI grahaNa evaM dhAraNa karatA hai| isameM aparigrahI sAdhu ko 31 upamAoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai| __ anya vratoM kI taraha aparigraha vrata kI bhI pAMca bhAvanAoM se surakSA vatAI gaI hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA itanA vistRta aura bahumukhI vizleSaNa anya kisI zAstra meM ekatra upalabdha nahIM hotA / hiMsA, mRSA, adattAdAna, kuzIla aura parigraha - ina pAMca pAzrava-dvAroM tathA ahiMsA, satya pracaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ina pAMca saMvara-dvAroM kA sarvAMgapUrNa bodha prApta karane ke lie praznavyAkaraNa ke ina donoM zrutaskandhoM kA paThana-pAThana evaM manana bar3A hI upayogI hai| vicArakoM ke lie to praznavyAkaraNa vastutaH eka mahAn nidhi ke samAna hai| 11. vivAgasurya vipAkasUtra - yaha gyArahavAM aMga hai| isameM do zrutaskandha, 20 adhyayana, 20 uddezanakAla, 20 samuI zanakAla, saMkhyAta pada, saMkhyAta akSara va parimita vAcanAeM, saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra, saMkhyAta veDhA chanda, saMkhyAta zloka, saMkhyAta niruktiyAM, saMkhyAta saMgrahariNayAM aura saMkhyAta pratipattiyAM haiN| vartamAna meM isakA svarUpa 1216 zloka-parimAraNa hai| vipAkasUtra kA mukhya lakSya karma ke zubhAzubha phala-vipAka ko samajhAnA hai / .. vipAka sUtra ke, duHkhavipAka aura sukhavipAka ye do vibhAga haiM / karmasiddhAMta vastutaH jainadharma kA eka pramukha aura mahatvapUrNa siddhAnta hai| karma siddhAnta ke udAharaNoM ke lie yaha Agama atyanta upayogI hai / ___isake pahale bhAga duHkha vipAka meM aise 10 vyaktiyoM kA varNana hai jinheM azubha karmAnusAra aneka kaSTa sahana karane par3e aura jo kaSTa se mukti prApta kara ske| pahale bhAga ke 10 adhyayanoM meM se prathama mRgAputra ke adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai ki rASTrakUTa kI taraha kaThora evaM krUra zAsana karane vAle ko mRgA lor3hA kI taraha kaisA vikalAMga aura nindya jIvana jInA par3atA hai / dUsare adhyayana meM go-mAMsa bhakSaraNa aura madyapAna ke dukhada phaloM ko batAte hue ujjhita kumAra kA paricaya diyA gayA hai|

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11. vivAgasuyaM] kalikAla : prArya sudharmA tIsare adhyayana meM prabhaMgasena cora ke mAdhyama se batAyA gayA hai kimadyapAna evaM aNDoM kA vikraya karane vAlA kisa prakAra vadha-bandha ke duHkhoM kA bhAgI hotA hai| cauthe zakaTa adhyayana meM mAMsa vikraya aura vyabhicAra ke phala batalAte hue 'chAgalika' kasAI ke janma-janmAntaraM ke duHkha aura rAjapuruSoM dvArA nirdayatApUrvaka use vadha hetu le jAye jAne kA ullekha hai| . . ___pAMcaveM adhyayana meM yajJa kI hiMsA aura parastrIgamana ke kaTu phaloM kA varNana karate hue 'mahezvaradatta' purohita ke mAdhyama se narakAdi durgatirUpa hiMsA va vyabhicAra kA phala batAyA gayA hai| chaThe adhyayana meM tatkAlIna vividha prakAra ke daNDavidhAna kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, aura kaThora daNDa dene vAle ko nandISeNa kI taraha vadha, bandha aura narakagamana ke kaise kaTu phala bhogane par3ate haiM, yaha batAyA gayA hai / sAtaveM adhyayana meM mAMsa aura prANI-aMgoM se cikitsA karane kA phala batAte hue 'umaradatta' ke 16 roga eka sAtha utpanna hone aura dIrghakAla taka usake bhavabhramaNa kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| ___ AThaveM adhyayana meM macchImAra ke vyavasAya kA duHkhada phala batAte hue eka macchImAra ke vividha kaSTapUrNa narakAdi durgatiyoM meM bhramaNa karane aura bhayaMkara kaSTa pAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nauveM adhyayana meM IrSyA kA phala batAte hue rAjakumAra siMhasena' kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'siMhasena' ne 'zyAmA' rAnI meM prAsakta hokara 466 rAniyoM ko dveSavaza mahala meM banda kara jalA diyaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa usako aneka janmoM taka narakAdi durgatiyoM meM vadha-bandha ke kaSTa bhogane par3e, yaha batAyA gayA hai| dazaveM adhyayana meM vezyAvatti ke phalasvarUpa hone vAle dAruNa duHkhoM kA citraNa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki aMjuzrI ko vyabhicAra ke kAraNa kisa prakAra asahya evaM asAdhya yonizUla kI vedanA bhoganI par3I aura aneka janmoM taka kaSTa bhogane ke pazcAt antatogatvA atyanta kaThinAI se use bodhi prApta huii| - dUsare zrutaskandha meM subAhu, bhadranandi Adi 10 rAjakumAroM ke sukhamaya jIvana kA varNana hai| ina sabane pUrvabhava meM tapasvI muni ko pavitra bhAva se nirdoSa AhAra kA pratilAbha dekara saMsAra kA anta kiyA aura uttama kula meM janma lekara sukhapUrvaka sAdhanA se mukti prApta kii| ina 10 adhyayanoM meM kucha subAhu kI taraha 15 bhava kara mokSa jAne vAle aura kucha tadbhava-mokSagAmI batAye gaye haiN|

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166 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga 12. dRSTivAda diTThivAya dRSTivAda- dRSTipAta - yaha pravacanapuruSa kA bArahavAM aMga hai, jisameM saMsAra ke samasta darzanoM aura nayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai' prathavA jisameM samyaktva Adi dRSTiyoM arthAt darzanoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / " dRSTivAda nAmaka yaha bArahavAM aMga vilupta ho cukA hai ataH Aja yaha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vIra niM0 saM0 170 meM zrutakevalI zrAcArya bhadrabAhu ke svargagamana ke pazcAt dRSTivAda kA hAsa prArambha huA aura vI0 ni0 saM0 1000 meM yaha pUrNataH ( zabda rUpa se pUrNataH aura artha rUpa se adhikAMzataH ) vilupta ho gayA / sthAnAMgasUtra meM dRSTivAda ke daza nAma batAye gae haiM jo isa prakAra haiM : 1. dRSTivAda, 2. hetuvAda, 3. bhUtavAda, 4. tathyavAda, 5. samyakvAda, 6. dharmavAda, 7. bhASAvicaya athavA bhASAvijaya, 8. pUrvagata, 6. anuyogagata aura 10. sarvaprANabhUtajIvasattvasukhAvaha / * [12. dRSTivAda samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra ke anusAra dRSTivAda ke pAMca vibhAga kahe gaye haiM- parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cUlikA / ina pAMcoM vibhAgoM ke vibhinna bhedaprabhedoM kA samavAyAMga evaM nandIsUtra meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, jinakA sArAMza yaha hai ki dRSTivAda ke prathama vibhAga parikarma ke antargata lipivijJAna aura sarvAMgapUrNa gaNita vidyA kA vivecana thA / isake dUsare bheda sUtra - vibhAga meM chinna-cheda naya, chinna-cheda naya, trika naya tathA caturnaya kI paripATiyoM kA vistRta vivecana thA / naya kI ina cAra prakAra kI paripATiyoM meM se prathama - chinna-cheda naya aura caturtha caturnaya- ye do paripATiyAM nirgranthoM kI aura achinna- cheda naya evaM trinaya kI paripATiyAM prAjIvikoM kI kahI gaI thIM / " dRSTayo darzanAni nayA vA ucyante zrabhidhIyante patanti vA avataranti yatrAsI dRSTivAdo, dRSTipAto vA / pravacanapuruSasya dvAdaze'Gge 2 dRSTidarzanaM samyaktvAdi, vadanaM vAdo, dRSTinAM vAdo dRSTivAdaH / [ sthAnAMga vRtti, ThA0 4, u0.1] [pravacana sAroddhAra, dvAra 144] 3 goyamA ! jaMbUddIne gaM dIve bhArahe vAse imIse prosappiNIe mamaM egaM vAsasahassaM pumbagae agusajjissai * [ bhagavatIsUtra, zataka 20, u0 8, sU0 677 suttAgame, pR0 804 ] diTThivAyarasa NaM dasa nAmadhijjA paNNattA / taM jahA diTThivAei vA hetubAera vA bhUyavAei vA taccAvAei vA sammAvAei vA, dhammAvAei vA bhAsAvijaera bA, punagaei vA, progagaei vA savvapAraNa bhUyajovasasasuhAbahera vA / [ sthAnAMga sUtra, ThA0 10 ] * seki? se samAsapro paMcavihe paNa taM jahA parikamme, sutAI, pumbagae, roge cUliyA / ( nandI)

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12. dRSTivAda] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA dRSTivAda kA tIsarA vibhAga - pUrvagata vibhAga anya saba vibhAgoM se adhika vizAla aura bar3A mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / isake antargata nimnalikhita 14 pUrva the : 1. utpAdapUrva - isameM saba dravya aura paryAyoM ke utpAda (utpatti) kI prarUpaNA kI gaI thii|' isakA padaparimAraNa 1 koTi pada mAnA gayA hai| 2. agrAyaNIyapUrva- isameM sabhI dravya, paryAya aura jIvavizeSa ke agraparimANa kA varNana kiyA gayA thaa| isakA pada-parimAraNa 66 lAkha pada mAnA gayA hai| 3. vIryapravAda - isameM sakarma evaM niSkarma jIva tathA ajIva ke vIryazaktivizeSa kA varNana thA / isakI pada saMkhyA 70 lAkha mAnI gaI hai| 4. astinAstipravAdapUrva - isameM vastuoM ke astitva tathA nAstitva ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha dharmAstikAya Adi dravyoM kA astitva aura khapuSpa Adi kA nAstitva tathA pratyeka dravya ke svarUpa se astitva evaM pararUpa se nAstitva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA thaa| isakA padaparimANa 60 lAkha pada batAyA gayA hai| 5. jJAnapravAdapUrva- isameM matijJAna Adi 5 jJAna tathA inake bheda-prabhedoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA thA / isakI padasaMkhyA 1 karor3a mAnI gaI hai / 6. satyapravAdapUrva - isameM satyavacana athavA saMyama kA, pratipakSa (asatyoM ke svarUpoM) ke vivecana ke sAtha-sAtha, vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA thaa| isameM kula 1 karor3a aura 6 pada hone kA ullekha milatA hai / 7. prAtmapravAdapUrva- isameM prAtmA ke svarUpa, usakI vyApakatA, jJAtRbhAva tathA bhoktApana sambandhI vivecana aneka nayamatoM kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA thaa| isameM 26 karor3a pada mAne gaye haiN| .. 8. karmapravAdapUrva- isameM jJAnAvaraNIya prAdi pATha koM kA, unakI prakRtiyoM, sthitiyoM, zaktiyoM evaM parimAraNoM prAdi kA bandha ke bheda-prabheda sahita vistArapUrvaka varNana thaa| isa pUrva kI padasaMkhyA 1 karoDa 80 hajAra pada batAI gaI hai| 9. pratyAkhyAna-pravAdapUrva- isameM pratyAkhyAna kA, isake bheda-prabhedoM ke sAtha vistAra sahita varNana kiyA gayA thaa| isake atirikta isa nauveM pUrva meM prAcArasambandhI niyama bhI nirdhArita kiye gae the| isameM 84 lAkha pada the| 10. vidyAnupravAdapUrva - isameM aneka atizaya zaktisampanna vidyAmoM evaM upavidyAnoM kA unakI sAdhanA karane kI vidhi ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA thA, jinameM aMguSTha-praznAdi 700 laghu vidyAmoM, rohiNI Adi 500. mahAvidyAmoM ' paDhama uppAyapuvvaM, tatya samvadamvANaM pajjavANa ya uppAyabhAvamaMgIkAuM paNNavaNA kyaa| [nandI pUNi]]

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168 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [12. dRSTivAda evaM antarikSa, bhauma, aMga, svara, svapna, lakSaNa, vyajana aura chinna- ina prATha mahAnimittoM dvArA bhaviSya ko jAnane kI vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA thA / isa pUrva ke padoM kI saMkhyA 1 karor3a 10 lAkha batAI gaI hai / 19. pravandhyapUrva- -vandhya zabda kA artha hai niSphala grathavA mogha / isake viparIta jo kabhI niSphala na ho arthAt jo amogha ho use abandhya kahate haiM / isa prabandhyapUrva meM jJAna, tapa Adi sabhI satkarmoM ko zubhaphala dene vAle tathA pramAda Adi asatkarmoM ko azubha phaladAyaka batAyA gayA thA / zubhAzubha karmoM ke phala nizcita rUpa se amogha hote haiM, kabhI kisI bhI dazA meM niSphala nahIM hote isalie isa gyArahaveM pUrva kA nAma abandhyapUrva rakhA gayA / isakI padasaMkhyA 26 karor3a batAI gaI hai / digambara paramparA meM gyArahaveM pUrva kA nAma "kalyANavAda pUrva" mAnA gayA hai / digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra kalyANavAda nAmaka gyArahaveM pUrva meM tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM, baladevoM, vAsudevoM aura prativAsudevoM ke garbhAvataraNotsavoM, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karAne vAlI solaha bhAvanAoM evaM tapasyAoM kA tathA candra va sUrya ke graharaNa, graha-nakSatroM ke prabhAva, zakuna, unake zubhAzubha phala Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA thA / zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA meM bhI isa pUrva kI padasaMkhyA 26 karor3a hI mAnI gaI hai / 12. prANAyu pUrva - isa pUrva meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra zrAyu aura prAraNoM kA bheda-prabheda sahita varNana kiyA gayA thA / digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra isameM kAya- cikitsA pramukha grapTAMga Ayurveda, bhUtikarma, jAMguli, prakrama, sAdhaka Adi prAyurveda ke bheda, ilA, piMgalAdi prANa, pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu Adi tatvoM ke aneka bheda, daza prAraNa, dravya, dravyoM ke upakAra tathA apakAra rUpoM kA varNana kiyA gayA thA / zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra prAraNAyupUrva kI padasaMkhyA 1 karor3a 56 lAkha aura digambara mAnyatAnusAra 13 karor3a thI / 13. kriyAvizAla pUrva - isameM saMgItazAstra, chanda, alaMkAra, puruSoM kI 72 kalAeM, striyoM kI 64 kalAeM, caurAsI prakAra ke zilpa, vijJAna, garbhAdhAnAdi kAyika kriyAoM tathA samyagdarzana kriyA, munIndravandana, nityaniyama Adi prAdhyAtmika kriyAoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA thA / laukika evaM lokottara sabhI kriyAoM kA isameM varNana kiyA jAne ke kAraNa isa pUrva kA kalevara prati vizAla thA / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAeM isakI pada saMkhyA 6 karor3a mAnatI haiN| 14. lokavindusAra - isameM laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI prakAra kI vidyAyoM kA evaM sampUrNa rUpa se jJAna niSpAdita karAne vAlI sarvAkSarasannipAtAdi

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166 12. dRSTivAda kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA viziSTa labdhiyoM kA varNana thaa| akSara para bindu kI taraha saba prakAra ke jJAna kA sarvottama sAraM isa pUrva meM nihita thaa| isI kAraNa ise lokabindusAra athavA trilokabindusAra kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isakI pada saMkhyA sAr3he bAraha karor3a thii| uparyukta 14 pUrvo kI vastu (granthavicchedavizeSa) saMkhyA kramazaH 10, 14, 8, 18, 12, 2, 16, 30, 20, 15, 12, 13, 30 aura 25 ullikhita hai|' caudaha pUrvo ke uparokta granthaviccheda-vastu ke atirikta Adi ke 4 pUrvo kI kramazaH 4, 12, 8 aura 10 cUlikAeM (culla-kSullaka) mAnI gaI haiN| zeSa 10 pUrvo ke culla arthAt kSulla nahIM mAne gaye haiN| - jisa prakAra parvata ke zikhara kA parvata ke zeSa bhAga se sarvopari sthAna hotA hai usI prakAra pUrvo meM cUlikAoM kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai|' anuyoga - anuyoga nAmaka vibhAga ke mUla prathamAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyoga ye do bheda batAye gae haiN| prathama mUla prathamAnuyoga meM arahantoM ke paMcakalyANaka kA vistRta vivaraNa tathA dUsare gaMDikAnuyoga meM kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi mahApuruSoM kA caritra diyA gayA thaa| dRSTivAda ke isa caturtha vibhAga anuyoga meM itanI mahatvapUrNa vipula sAmagrI vidyamAna thI ki use jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa athavA jaina purANa kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai / digambara paramparA meM isa caturtha vibhAga kA sAmAnya nAma prathamAnuyoga pAyA jAtA hai| cUlikA - samavAyAMga aura nandI sUtra meM Adi ke cAra pUrvo kI jo cUlikAeM batAI gaI haiM, unhIM cUlikAyoM kA dRSTivAda ke isa paMcama vibhAga meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| yathA :- "se. kiM taM cUliyAo? cUliyAro pAillANaM cauNhaM puvAraNaM cUliyA, sesAI acUliyAI, se taM cuuliyaao|" para digambara paramparA meM jalagata, sthalagata, mAyAgata, rUpagata aura AkAzagata-ye pAMca prakAra kI cUlikAeM batAI gaI haiN| * dasa coddasa aTTha aTThAraseva bArasa duve ya vatthUgiNa / solasa tIsA vIsA paNNarasa aNuppavAyammi / bArasa ikkArasame bArasame teraseva vatyUNi / tIsA puNa terasame coddasame paNNavIsA u / / 2 catAri duvAlasa aTTha ceva dasa ceva cUlavatyUriNa / * pAillANa cauNhaM sesAraNaM cUliyA natyi : [zrImAnandImUtram (pU0 hastImalajI ma. sA. dvArA anUdita) pR. 148] 3 te sakhuvari ThiyA pahigjaMti ya prato tesu ya pamvaya cUlA iva cuulaa| [nandIcUNi]

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170 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga dvAdazAMgI meM maMgalAcaraNa paramamaMgala svarUpa paramAhat prabhu mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se prakaTa huI sakala agha-amaMgala-vighnavinAzinI evaM samasta mahAmaMgala pradAyinI vANI kA pratyeka pada, vAkya, zabda aura akSara taka paramotkRSTa maMgalAcaraNa hI hai| aisI sthiti meM dvAdazAMgI ke prAdi, madhya athavA anta meM pRthakarUpeNa kisI maMgalAcaraNa kI pAvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jaatii| nisargataH maMgala svarUpa Agama ke lie bhI yadi maMgalAcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai to isase nizcitarUpeNa 'anavasthA doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIravANI (dvAdazAMgI) ko sUtra rUpa meM prathita karate samaya bhagavAn ke gaNadharoM ne dvAdazAMgI ke kisI bhI aMga ke Adi, madhya athavA aMta meM stuti-namaskRti-paraka maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM koI pRthaka maMgalapATha nahIM diyA hai| dvAdazAMgI ke pAMcaveM aMga 'vyAkhyA prajJapti' ke Adi meM paMcaparameSThinamaskAramaMtra, 'raNamo baMbhIe livIe' aura 'Namo suyassa' - ina prakAra ke ullekhoM se, zataka saMkhyA 15, 17, 23 aura 26 ke prArambha meM 'Namo suyadevayAe bhagavaIe' isa pada se tathA aMta meM saMgha-stuti ke pazcAt gautamAdi gaNaSaroM, bhagavatI vyAkhyAprajJapti, dvAdazAMgI rUpa gariNapiTaka, zrutadevatA, pravacanadevI, kaMbhadhara yakSa, brahmazAnti, vairoTyAdevI, vidyAdevI aura aMtahaMDI ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra 'vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra' meM prAdi se aMta taka namanAdi ke rUpa meM kula milAkara 18 bAra maMgalAcaraNa kiyA gayA hai / uparokta maMgalAcaraNoM meM paMcaparameSThinamaskAramaMtra se lekara saMghastuti taka ke 8 maMgalAcaraNoM ko navAMgI TIkAkAra prAcArya abhaya deva sUri ne yadyapi spaSTa zabdoM meM sUtrakAra dvArA kiye gae maMgalAcaraNa nahIM batAyA hai tathApi apanI TIkA meM inheM sthAna dekara aura zeSa 10 maMgalAcaraNoM ke lie - "Namo goyamAiNaM gaNaharANamityAdayaH pustaka-lekhakakRtA namaskArAH" yaha kaha kara eka prakAra se sUtrakAra dvArA kiye gae maMgalAcaraNa hI mAnA hai| parantu vastutaH sambandhita tathyoM para samIcInatayA vicAra karane para uparokta 18 maMgalAMcaraNoM meM se eka bhI maMgalAcaraNa sUtrakAra dvArA kiyA huA pratIta nahIM hotaa| nimnalikhita 'tathyoM se yaha siddha hotA hai. ki vyAkhyAprajJapti meM diye gae maMgalAcaraNa sUtrakAra dvArA kiye gae maMgalAcaraNa nahIM haiM : 1. yadi dvAdazAMgI kI racanA ke samaya sUtrakAra ne maMgalacaraNa kA pATha diyA hotA to dvAdazAMgI ke krama meM prathama sthAna para mAne jAne vAle tathA dvAdazAMgI meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa prAcArAMga sUtra meM sarvaprathama isa prakAra pRthaka rUpa se maMgalAcaraNa kA pATha diyA jaataa| para vastusthiti isase viparIta hai / . aneka prAcIna pratiyoM meM "mo suyassa" - yaha pATha ullikhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai / [sampAdaka

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dvAdazAMgI meM maMgalAcaraNa] kevalikAla : Arya sudharmA 171 AcArAMga sUtra ke prAdi, madhya athavA anta meM isa prakAra kA koI pRthaka maMgalapATha. nahIM diyA huA hai| vyAkhyAprajJapti aMga ko chor3a kara dvAdazAMgI ke zeSa kisI aMga meM maMgalAcaraNa kA na honA isa bAta ko pramANita karatA hai ki vyakhyAprajJapti ke Adi, madhya tathA anta meM ullikhita uparokta 18 maMgalAcaraNa sUtrakAra dvArA kRta nahIM apitu kisI lipikAra athavA pratilipikAra dvArA kiye gae maMgalAcaraNa haiN| . 2. vyAkhyAprajJapti aMga ke prArambha meM dI huI saMgrahagAthA' se spaSTataH yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki isa aMga kA prArambha rAjagaha zabda se huaA hai, na ki maMgalAcaraNa se / yadi maMgalAcaraNa sUtrakAra dvArA kRta aura sUtra kA abhinna aMga hotA to saMgraha gAthA nizcitarUpeNa "mo prarahaMtANaM" isa pada se pahale ullikhita kI jAtI aura usameM 'rAyagiha' zabda ke sthAna para "raNamo" zabda hotaa| 3. "mo baMbhIe livIe" yaha kisI bhI dazA meM sUtrakAra dvArA kiyA huA maMgalAcaraNa nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki zrutaracanA ke samaya gautama-sudharmA Adi dvAdazAMgI ke sUtrakAroM ne na to brAhmI lipi kA hI upayoga kiyA aura na anya kisI lipi kA hii| aisI sthiti meM sUtrakAra Arya sudharmA dvArA brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiye jAne ke isa prakAra ke ullekha kA koI aucitya dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki dravyazruta kA bhAvazruta ke samakakSa mahatva sthApita karane ayavA dravyazruta ke mAdhyama se bhAvazruta kI pUjA arcA Adi ke vidhAna ko loka meM pracalita karane kI dRSTi se 'raNamo baMbhIe livIe' - isa pada ko caityavAsa ke samaya meM athavA anya kisI kAla meM jor3A gayA ho| prAcIna pratiyoM meM 'raNamo baMbhIe livie' isa prakAra kA pATha upalabdha hotA hai para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa pada ko dravyazruta kI pUjA kA AdhArabhUta mAna kara carcAsthala banAyA gayA ho aura usake nirAkaraNa hetu "suttAgame" ke saMpAdaka muni 'pupphabhikkhu' ne "raNamo baMbhIyassa livIyassa"2 isa prakAra kA pATha prastuta kara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA ho ki yaha vastutaH brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra nahIM lekina brAhmI ko lipi-vijJAna kI zikSA dene vAle bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| parantu isa prakAra kI pAThaparivartana kI paramparA cAhe vaha kisI dRSTi se prArambha kI jAya ucita nhiiN| jahAM taka "gamo baMbhIe livIe" - isa pada ke yahAM ullikhita kiye jAne kA prazna hai, isa sambandha meM yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0680 meM, devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke tatvAvadhAna meM, vallabhI meM huI antima 'rAyagiha calaNa 1 dukkhe 2 kaMkha parose ya 3 pagai 4 puDhavImo 5 / jAyate 6 Neraie 7 bAle 8 gurueya 6 calaNAgro 10 / / 2 suttAgame, bhAga 1, pR. 284 /

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172 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dvAdazAMgI meM maMgalAya. prAgamavAcanA ke samaya meM prAgamoM ko lipibaddha karate samaya vyAkhyAprajJapti aMga kI Adi meM paMcaparameSThi ko namaskAra aura brAhmI lipi Adi ko namaskAra ke pATha praviSTa hue hoN| ise svIkAra kara lene para bhI yaha prazna to jyoM kA tyoM banA hI rahatA hai ki namaskArAdi ke rUpa meM yaha maMgalAcaraNa prathama aMga prAcArAMga meM tathA dvAdazAMgI ke anya kisI aMga meM ullikhita na kie jAkara kevala vyAkhyAprajJapti nAmaka pAMcaveM aMga meM kyoM ullikhita kie gae haiM ? vastusthiti aisI pratIta hotI hai ki dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate samaya gaNadhAroM ne dvAdazAMgI ke pratyeka akSara ko mahAmaMgalakArI mAnate hue kisI bhI aMga ke grAdi, madhya athavA aMta meM pRthakataH maMgalAcaraNa ullikhita nahIM kiyaa| kAlAntara meM maMgalacaragaNa praNAlI ke atyadhika lokapriya bana jAne kI sthiti meM cUNikAroM vRttikAroM Adi ne jaina AgamoM ke Adi, madhya aura anta ke kucha sUtrapAThoM ko hI maMgalAcaraNAtmaka siddha karate hue Adi maMgala, madhya maMgala aura anta maMgala kI kalpanA vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta kii| ___ vyAkhyAprajJapti ke Adi, madhya aura anta meM pRthakataH kula milA kara 18 maMgalAcaraNa prastuta karane kI nUtana paddhati ke pIche kyA kAraNa ho sakatA hai, isa para gambhIratAparvaka vicAra karane para yaha dhyAna meM AtA hai ki bhagavatI sUtra meM iSTalAbha, lokapAla varNana, caramotpAta, devasahAya prApta ratha-mUsala evaM mahAzilAkaNTaka saMgrAma aura gozAlaka dvArA prabhu mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM tejoleSyA dvArA zramaNa-nigranthoM ke dahana jaise graniSTa aura bhayottejaka prasaMgoM kA citraNa huaA hai| saMbhava hai kisI manda satvazAlI ziSya ko kisI taraha isake paThana-pAThana ke samaya kisI prakAra kA koI vighna na ho jAya ataH ziSyahitAya, vighnopazAnti aura samAdhilAbha ke lie grAcAryoM ne isa satra meM sAkSAt maMgala vidhAna kiyA ho aura tadanantara lipikAroM evaM unakA anusaraNa karate hue pratilipikAroM ne ina maMgalAcaraNoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kI ho / vyAkhyAprajJapti ke prArambha ke maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt 2 se 14 taka ke zatakoM meM maMgalAcaraNa na karake 15 veM zataka meM - jo ki gozAlaka kA prakaraNa hai, punaH maMgalAcaragA kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI isa vicAra ko puSTi milatI hai ki vyAkhyAprajJapti meM gozAlaka ke raudra aura aprItikAraka prakaraNa Adi kI vidyamAnatA ke kAraNa hI itanI adhika saMkhyA meM maMgalAcaraNa kiye gae hoN| vastutaH ye maMgalAcaraNa mUtrakAra dvArA nahIM apitu pazcAdvartI kAla meM saMbhavataH prAcAryoM kI anumati me lipikAroM evaM pratilipikAroM dvArA hI kiye gae haiN| hama mAyala meM prAgamanigagAta mani aura vidvAna vicAraka avazya aura prakAza DAlage, mI grANA hai|

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kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA dvAdazAMgI kA hrAsa evaM viccheda dvAdazAMgI ke sambandha meM isase pUrva jo tathya prastuta kiye gae haiM unase yaha to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nikhila vizvasatvaikabandhu sarvabhUtAnukampI carama tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI patitapAvanI, sarvotkRSTa maMgalapradAyinI usa amogha vANI kA nAma hI dvAdazAMgI hai jise unake 11 gaNadharoM ne sUtra rUpa se grathita kiyA / yaha bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki Arya sudharmA gaNadharoM meM dIrghAyuSka the ataH zeSa saba gaNadharoM ne apane-apane garaNa Arya sudharmA ke adhIna kara mokSa prApta kiyA aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa na unakI ziSya saMtati hI avaziSTa rahI aura na unake dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI hI / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANarAtri meM hI indrabhUti gautama ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho gaI grataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara pada para prArya sudharmA ko hI AsIna kiyA gayA / aisI dazA meM yaha svataH hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki jisa prakAra Aja kI zramaNa paramparA Arya sudharmA kI ziSya paramparA hai usI prakAra grAja kI zrutaparamparA bhI prArya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI hI hai / hA * kA hrAsa evaM viccheda ] 173 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vikaTa bhavATavI ke usa pAra pahuMcAne vAlA, janma, jarA, mRtyu ke anavarata cakra se paritrANa karane vAlA anirvacanIya zAzvata sukhadhAma mokSa kA jo prazasta patha pradarzita kiyA thA, usa muktipatha para agrasara hone vAle asaMkhya sAdhakoM ko Arya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI prakAzadIpa kI taraha 2500 varSa se Aja taka pathapradarzana karatI A rahI hai / isa DhAI hajAra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM bhISaNa dvAdazavArSika duSkAloM jaise prAkRtika prakopoM, sAmAjika, grArthika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanaitika krAntiyoM Adi ke kuprabhAvoM se prArya sudharmA dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI bhI pUrNataH prachUtI nahIM raha pAI / isa saba ke atirikta kAlaprabhAva, buddhimAndya, pramAda, zithilAcAra, sampradAyabheda, vyAmoha Adi kA ghAtaka duSprabhAva bhI dvAdazAMgI para pdd'aa| yadyapi grAgamaniSNAta AcAryoM, svAdhyAyanirata zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM evaM jinazAsana ke hitArtha apanA sarvasva taka nyauchAvara kara dene vAle sadgRhasthoM ne zrutazAstroM ko akSuNNa aura surakSita att rakhane ke liye sAmUhika tathA vyaktigata rUpa se samaya 2 para prayAsa kiye, aneka vAra zramaNa zramaNI varga aura saMgha ne ekatrita ho Agama-vAcanAeM kIM kintu phira bhI kAla apanI kAlI chAyA phailAne meM yena kena prakAreNa saphala hotA hI gyaa| pariNAmataH uparivati durbhAgyapUrNa paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa dvAdazAMgI kA samaya-samaya para bar3A hrAsa huA / dvAdazAMgI kA kitanA bhAga Aja hamAre pAsa vidyamAna hai aura kitanA bhAga hama aba taka kho cuke haiM, isa prakAra kA vivaraNa prastuta karane se pUrva yaha vatAnA Avazyaka hai ki mUlataH avicchinnAvasthA meM dvAdazAMgI kA AkAra-prakAra kitanA vizAla thA / isa dRSTi se prArya sudharmA ke samaya meM dvAdazAMgI kA jisa prakAra kA grAkAra-prakAra thA, usakI tAlikA yahAM prastuta kI jA rahI hai /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra dvAdazAMgI ko padasaMkhyA aMga kA nAma samavAyAMga ke naMdIsUtra sama0 vRtti naMdI vRtti anusAra 1. prAcArAMga 18000 2. sUtrakRtAMga 36000 3. sthAnAMga 72000 4. samavAyAMga 144000 5. vyAkhyAprApti 84000 288000 84000 288000 6. mAtAdharmakayA saMkhyAta hajAra saMkhyAta hajAra 576000 576000 7. upAsakadazA 1152000 1152000 8: pratakaddazA 2304000 2304000 6. anutaropapAtikadazA 4608000 4608000 10. praznaNyAkaraNa 6216000 6216000 11. vipAkasUtra 18432000 18432000 12. dRSTivAda digambara paramparAnusAra' dvAdazAMgI kI paba, zloka evaM prakSara-saMkhyA ___ aMga kA nAma pada saMkhyA zloka saMkhyA akSara saMkhyA 1. prAcArAMga 18000 61656231187000 266266541984000 2. sUtrakRta 36000 18361846374000 588539083668000 3. sthAnAMga 42000 21457154103000 686628631296000 4. samavAyAMga 164000 83785077626000 2681122463632000 5. vipAkaprajJapti 228000 116481663702000 3727414198464000 6. zAtRdharmakathAMga 556000 284051846554000 686656185728000 7. upAsakAdhyayana 117000 567735007155000 16127520228660000 8. aMtakRddazAMga 2328000 / 1186336368852000 38058860763234000, 9. anuttaropatpAda 62244000 472261744146000 / 15112375811667000 10. praznavyAkaraNa 6316000 4756401133864000 152300836284608000 11. vipAkasUtrAMga 18400000 1400277035600000 300808.865136200000 12. dRSTivAdAMga 1086856005 555258018736427107 17768256566661667440 maMgapaNatti

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dvA0 kA hrAsa evaM viccheda ] pUrvanAma 1. utpAda pUrva 2. prANI 3. vIryapravAda 4. zrastinAsti pravAda 5. jJAnapravAda 6. satyapravAda 7. AtmapravAda 8. karmapravAda 6. pratyAkhyAna pada 10. vidyAnuvAda 11. avaghya 12. prAraNAyu 13. kriyAvizAla 14. loka bindusAra kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA pUrvo kI padasaMkhyA zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra eka karor3a pada chiyAnave lAkha sattara lAkha sATha lAkha eka kama eka karor3a eka karor3a 6 pada chabbIsa karor3a pada 1 karor3a assI hajAra 84 lAkha pada 1 karor3a 10 lAkha pada 26 karor3a pada 1 karoDa 56 lAkha pada 8 karor3a pada sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada 175 digambara paramparAnusAra eka karor3a pada 'chiyAnave lAkha sattara lAkha sATha lAkha eka kama eka karor3a pada eka karor3a chaH pada chabbIsa karor3a pada 1 karor3a 80 lAkha pada 84 lAkha pada 1 karoDa 10 lAkha pada 26 karor3a pada ' 13 karor3a padara 6 karor3a pada sAr3he bAraha karor3a pada uparyullikhita tAlikAoM meM aMkita dRSTivAda aura caturdaza pUrvo kI padasaMkhyA se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke zrAgamoM evaM zrAgama sambandhI prAmANika granthoM meM dRSTivAda kI padasaMkhyA saMkhyAta mAnI gaI hai / zIlAMkAcArya ne sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkA meM pUrva ko anantArtha yukta batAte hue likhA hai : "pUrva ananta artha vAlA hotA hai aura usameM vIrya kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai ataH usakI anantArthatA samajhanI cAhie / " apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM unhoMne do gAthAeM prastuta karate hue likhA hai - " samasta nadiyoM ke bAlukaraNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya athavA sabhI samudroM ke pAnI ko hathelI meM ekatrita kara usake jalakaraNoM kI gaNanA kI jAya to una bAlukaraNoM tathA jalakaraNoM kI saMkhyA se bhI adhika artha eka pUrva kA hogA / digambara paramparA meM 11 veM pUrva kA nAma kalyANa hai / * zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra pUrvo kI uparokta padasaMkhyA samavAyAMga evaM nandI-vRtti ke prAdhAra para tathA digambara paramparAnusAra padasaMkhyA ghavalA, jayadhavalA, gommaTasAra evaM aMga paNati ke anusAra dI gaI hai / [sampAdaka ]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [ dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda isa prakAra pUrva ke artha kI anantatA hone ke kAraNa vIrya kI bhI pUrvArtha ke samAna anantatA (siddha) hotI hai / " 176 naMdI bALabodha meM pratyeka pUrva ke lekhana ke lie grAvazyaka masi kI jisa atula mAtrA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai usase pUrvo ke saMkhyAta pada aura anantArthayukta hone kA AbhAsa hotA hai| ye tathya yahI prakaTa karate haiM ki pUrvoM kI padasaMkhyA asIma arthAt utkRSTasaMkhyeya padaparimANa kI thI / ina saba ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA pUrvakAla meM bahuta bar3A pada-parimANa thA / kAlajanya mandamedhA Adi kAraNoM se usakA nirantara hAsa hotA rahA / zrAcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya sAgara ko kabhI garva na karane kA upadeza dete hue jo dhUli kI rAzi kA dRSTAMta diyA usa dRSTAMta se sahaja hI yaha samajha meM A jAtA hai ki vastutaH dvAdazAMgI kA hAsa kisa prakAra huA / kAlakAcArya ne apanI muTThI meM dhUli bhara kara use eka sthAna para rakhA / tatpazcAt unhoMne usa dhUli kI rAzi ko usa sthAna se haTAkara kramaza: dUsare, tIsare tathA cauthe sthAna para aura phira pAMcaveM sthAna para rakhA / AcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya sAgara ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- " vatsa ! jisa prakAra yaha dhUli kI rAzi eka sthAna se dUsare, dUsare se tIsare aura tIsare se cauthe sthAna para rakhane ke kAraNa nirantara kama hotI gaI hai, ThIka isI prakAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra se gaNadharoM ko jo dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna prApta huA thA vaha garaNadharoM se hamAre pUrvavartI aneka prAcAryoM ko, unase unake ziSyoM aura praziSyoM Adi ko prApta huA, vaha dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna eka sthAna se dUsare, dUsare se tIsare aura isI krama se anekoM sthAnoM meM prAte-Ate nirantara hrAsa ko hI prApta hotA calA AyA hai / " 34 pratizaya, 35 vAraNI ke guNa aura ananta jJAna-darzana- caritra ke dhAraka prabhu mahAvIra ne apanI dezanA meM ananta bhAvabhaMgiyoM kI anirvacanIya evaM anupama taraMgoM se kallolita jisa zrutagaMgA ko pravAhita kiyA, use dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM Abaddha karane kA gaNadharoM ne yathAzakti pUrA prayAsa kiyA para ve use nizzeSa yato'nantArthaM pUrvaM bhavati, tatra ca vIryameva pratipAdyate zranantArthatA cAto'vagantavyA tadyathA :savva naIgaMjA hojja bAluyA gaNaraNamAgayA santI / jatto bahuyatarAMgo, egassa tyo puvassa ||1| savva samuddANajalaM, jai patthamiyaM havijja saMkaliyaM / etto bahuyatarAgo, attho egama puvvassa ||2|| tadevaM pUrvArthasyAnantyAdvIryasya ca tadarthatvAdanantatA vIryasyeti / [ sUtra kRtAMga, (vIryAdhikAra) zIlAMkAcAryakRtA TIkA, grA. zrI javAharalAlajI ma. dvArA saMpAdita, pR. 335 ] 2 naMdI sUtra ( dhanapatisiMha dvArA prakAzita) pR. 462 - 84

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2100 dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 177 rUpa se to Abaddha nahIM kara pAye / tadanantara Arya sudharmA se prArya jambU ne, jambU se Arya prabhava ne aura Age cala kara kramazaH eka ke pazcAt dUsare prAcAryoM ne apaneapane gurU se jo dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna prApta kiyA usameM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM Ate-Ate dvAdazAMgI ke artha ke kitanI bar3I mAtrA meM paryAya nikala gae, chUTa gae athavA vilIna ho gae, isakI kalpanA karanA bhI kaThina hai| Arya bhadrabAha ke pazcAt (vI0ni0 saM0 170) antima cAra pUrva arthataH aura Arya sthUlabhadra ke pazcAt (vI0ni0 saM0 215) zabdataH vilupta ho ge| dvAdazAMgI ke kisa-kisa aMza kA kina-kina AcAryoM ke samaya meM hAsa huA yaha yathAsthAna batAne kA prayAsa kiyA jaaygaa| Arya sudharmA se prApta dvAdazAMgI meM se Aja hamAre pAsa kitanA aMza avaziSTa raha gayA, yahAM kevala yahI batAne ke lie eka tAlikA dI jA rahI hai, jo isa prakAra hai :aMga kA nAma mUla pada saMkhyA upalabdha pATha (zloka pramANa) prAcArAMga 18,000 2500 mahAparijJA nAmaka 7 vAM adhyayana vilupta ho cukA hai| sUtrakRtAMga 36,000 sthAnAMga 72,000 3770 samavAyAMga 1,44,000 1667 vyakhyAprajJapti 2,88,000 (naMdIsUtra) 15752 84,000 (samavAyAMga) 101 zatakoM meM se prAja 41 zataka hI upalabdha haiN| jJAtRdharmakathA samavAyAMga aura nandI 5500 ke anusAra saMkhyeya isa aMga ke aneka kathAnaka hajAra pada aura ina vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| donoM aMgo kI vRtti ke anusAra 5,76,000 upAsakadazA saMkhyAta hajAra pada 812 sama0 evaM naMdI ke anusAra para donoM sUtroM kI vRtti ke anusAra 11,52,000 1 do lakkhA aThAsIiM payasahassAI payaggeNaM...." [naMdI, pR0 458, rAya dhanapatisiMha] 2 caurAsIipayasahassAI payaggeNaM paNNatA...... [samavAyAMga, pR0 176 (pra), rAya dhanapatisiMha]

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vipAkasUtra 178 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda aMtakRddazA saMkhyAta hajAra pada, 600 sama0 naMdI vRtti ke anusAra 23,04000 anuttaropapAtikadazA saMkhyAta hajAra pada, 162 sama0, naMdI vR0 ke anusAra 46,08000 praznavyAkaraNa saMkhyAta hajAra pada, 1300 sama0 evaM naMdI vR0 ke samavAyAMga aura naMdI sUtra anusAra 62,16,000 meM praznavyAkaraNa satra kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai, vaha upalabdha praznavyAkaraNa meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| saMkhyAta hajAra pada, sama0 1216 aura naMdIvRtti ke anusAra 1,84,32,000 dRSTivAda sakhyAta hajAra pada pUrvo sahita bArahavAM aMga vIra nirvANa saM0 1000 meM vicchinna ho gyaa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA bahuta bar3A aMza kAlaprabhAva se vilupta ho cukA hai athavA vicchinna-vikIrNa ho cukA hai| isa kramika hrAsa ke uparAnta bhI dvAdazAMgI kA jitanA bhAga Aja upalabdha hai vaha anamola nidhi hai aura sAdhanApathaM meM nirata mumukSutroM ke lie barAbara mArga-darzana karatA pA rahA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatA hai ki duHSamA nAmaka pravartamAna paMcama prAraka ke antima dina ke pUrvAhna kAla taka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmazAsana aura mahAvIra vANI-dvAdazAMgI aMzata: vidyamAna raha kara bhavyoM kA uddhAra karate rheNge| isa prakAra kI mAnyatA ke uparAnta bhI zvetAmbara paramparA ke eka prAcIna grantha 'titthogAlI pannA" meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa pazcAt 21000 varSa paryanta paMcama prAraka ke antima dina taka 'dazavakAlika sUtra kA artha' 'pAvazyaka sUtra', 'anuyogadvAra' aura 'naMdIsUtra'- cAra sUtroM ke avichinna rUpa se vidyamAna rahane ke ullekha ke sAtha' dvAda tra hone ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se vivaraNa diyA gayA hai :'vAsANa sahasseNa ya, ikavIsAe ihaM bharahavAse / dasavegAliya pratyo. duppasahajaiMmi nAsihiti // 50 / / igavIsa sahassAI, vAsAraNaM vIramokkhagamaNAmro / pamvocchinna hohI, prAvassagaM jAva tityaM tu // 52 / /

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vA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda] kevalikAla : mArya sudharmA 179 ___ "bhagavAn, mahAvIra ke AThaveM paTTadhara (prArya sthUla bhadra) ke samaya meM 14 pUrvo meM se antima 4 pUrva praNaSTa ho ge| unake samaya meM anavaSTapa tapa aura pAraMcita tapa ye donoM tapa bhI naSTa ho gae kyoMki caturdaza pUrvadharoM ke kAla taka hI ye donoM tapa vidyamAna rahate haiN| zeSa saba (tapa) tIrtha kI avasthiti taka vidyamAna rahate haiN|' sakaDAla kula ke yaza ko bar3hAne vAle dhIravara Arya sthUlabhadra prathama dazapUrvadhara aura zreSTha zramaNaguNoM ke dhAraka satyamitra nAmaka zramaNa antima dazapUrvadhara hoNge| vIra-nirvANa se 1000 varSa pazcAt uttarabalissaha ke vAcakavaMza meM hue vRSabhatulya prAcArya (devaddhi kSamAzramaNa) ke svargagamana ke sAtha hI pUrvo kA jJAna vicchinna ho jaaegaa| vIra-nirvANa saMvat 1250 meM dinnagariNa-puSyamitra ke svargagamana ke sAtha 'viyAhapaNNatti' kA viccheda ho jaaygaa| zrAmaNya ke paripAlana meM nipUNa vIravara zramaNa puSyamitra 'viyAha paNNatti' ke dhArakoM meM antima hoNge| guNoM se prota-prota 84 hajAra padoM se suzobhita 'viyAhapaNNatti' rUpI vRkSa ke vicchinna ho jAne para loga guNa rUpI phala se vaMcita ho jaayeNge|' igavIsa sahassAiM, vAsANaM vIramokkhagamaNAmro / aNumogadAra-naMdI, mayocchinnAra jA tityaM // 53 // [vijayadAnasUri dvArA apane anya vividha praznottara' meM tIrthodgAlI ke nAma se uddhRta] ye 3 gAthAeM hamAre pAsa upalabdha tityogAlIpainnA meM nahIM haiN| [sampAdaka] ' eteNa kAraNeNa u, purisajuge bhaTThamaMmi vIrassa / sayarAheNa paragaTThAI, jANa cattAri pubAI // 798 // praNavaThThapo ya tavo, tava pAraMcI ya dovi vocchinnA / cAudasa puSvadharaMmi, gharaMti sesA u jA tityaM // 766 // tityogAlI painnA 2 paDhamo dasa puvvIraNaM, sakAla kulassa jasakaro dhiiro| nAmeNa thUlabhaddo, . pravihi sAdhammamahotti / / 801 // nAmeNa saccamitto, samaNo samaraNaguNaniuraNaviMcatimro / hohI apacchimo kira, dasapuvIdhAramo vIro // 802 // [tityogAlIpaiSNA] 3 bolINammi sahasse, varisANa viirmokkhgmnnaamo| uttaravAyagavasabhe, puSvagayassa bhave chedo // 805 // [vahI] " paNNAsA varisehiM ya bArasavarisasaehiM vocchedo| diNNagaNipUsamitte, savivAhANaM khalaM mAraNaM / / 807 // nAmeNa pUsamitto, samaNo smnngunnniurgcitto| hohI apacchimo kira, vivAhasuyadhArako vIro / / 808 / / saMni ya vivAharukkhe, culasIti pyshssgunnkiliyo| sahasaMghiya saMmaMto hohI guNanipphalo logo // 806 // [vahI]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda vIra - nirvAraNa saM0 1300 meM mADhara gotrIya saMbhUti nAmaka zramaNa kI mRtyu hone para dvAdazAMgI ke caturtha aMga samavAyAMga sUtra kA viccheda ho jAyagA / ' 180 vIra-ni0 saM0 1350 meM Arjava muni ke svargagamana ke pazcAt jinendra bhagavAn ne sthAnAMga sUtra ke vicchinna hone kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vIra-ni0 saM0 1500 meM gautama gotrIya mahAsatvazAlI zramaNa phalgumitra ke nidhana para dazAzrutaskaMdha kA viccheda honA batAyA gayA hai / 3 vIra - nirvANa saM0 1900 meM bhAradvAja gotrIya mahAzramaNa nAma se vikhyAta zramaraNa ke pazcAt 'sUtrakRtAMga' kA viccheda ho jAyagA / " vIra - ni0 saM0 20,000 meM hArita gotrIya viSNu muni kA nidhana ho jAne para zrAcArAMga kA viccheda ho jAyagA / duHSamA nAmaka paMcama zrAraka kA thor3A-sA samaya avaziSTa rahane para kSamA, tapa Adi guNoM ke bhaNDAra du:prasaha nAma ke. raNagAra hoNge| ve bharata kSetra meM antima pracArAMgadhara hoNge| unake nidhana ke sAtha hI cAritra sahita zrAcArAMga samUla naSTa ho jAyagA / anuyoga sahita prAcArAMga hI zramaraNagaraNa ko pracAra kA bodha karAne vAlA hai ataH AcArAMga ke praraNaSTa ho jAne para sarvatra anAcAra kA sAmrAjya vyApta ho jAyagA / pracAra sUtra ke praraNaSTa ho jAne para phira zramaraNoM kA nAma mAtra bhI avaziSTa nahIM rahegA / " samavAya vavacchedo, terasahi satehi hohi vAsANaM / mADhara gottassa ihaM, saMbhUtijatissa maraNaMmi / / 810 / / [ titthogAlI pannA ] 2 terasavarisa satehi, paNNAsA samahiehi vocchedo / 1 prajjava jatissa maraNe, ThAraNassa jiNehi niddiTThI // 611 // [ vahI ] 3 bhariNado dasAraNa chedo pamarasasaehi hoi varisAraNaM / samaraNammi phaggu mitte, gomagote mahAsatte // 813 // [ vahI ] bhAraddAyasagutte, sUyagaDagaM mahAsamaraNa nAme | guNavIsasatehi jAhI varisAraNa vocchitti / / 614 // / [ vahI ] 5 viNhu muriNammi marate, hArita gottammi hoti vIsAe / risA sahasse hi prAyAraMgassa vocchedo // 16 // graha dusamAe sese, hohI nAmeraga duppasaha samaraNo / praNagAro guNagAro, khamAgAro so kira prAyAravaro, apacchimo hohIti bharahavAse / tela samaM prAyAro, nissihI samaM carite / / 818 || zrarogacchiNNAyAro, yaha samaraNagaraNassa dAviyAyAro / tavAgAro ||817 // zrAyArammi paraNaTThe hohIti taiyA praraNAyAro ||816 // cakamiuM varataraM timisaguhAe tamaMdhakArAe / naya taiyA samaraNANaM, bhAyAra-sutte paraNaTThami ||820 / / [ vahI ] x

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dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 181 __ isa prakAra dvAdazAMgI meM se pAMca aGgoM ke viccheda ke samaya kA ullekha titthogAlI meM kiyA gayA hai| isa prakaraNa ko par3hane ke pazcAt samIcInatayA vicAra karane para do mukhya prazna upasthita hote haiN| pahalA prazna yaha hai ki isameM jo aGgoM ke vicchinna hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha vastutaH usa zruta ke naSTa hone ke sambandha meM ullekha hai athavA pradhAna sUtradhara ke naSTa hone ke sambandha meM? dUsarA prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki jina-jina aGgoM ke jisa-jisa samaya meM vicchinna hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve aGga-zAstra usa samaya meM pUrNataH naSTa ho gae athavA aMzataH ? jahAM taka pahale prazna kA sambandha hai yaha prazna bar3e lambe samaya se bahucarcita rahA hai| vyavahArabhASya meM bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha hai : "titthogAlI meM anukrama se yaha vivaraNa diyA huA hai ki kisa-kisa aMga kA kisa-kisa samaya meM viccheda hogaa|"' zruta-viccheda ke sambandha meM do prakAra ke abhimata rahe haiM, isa prakAra kA prAbhAsa nandIsUtra kI cUriNaM se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai| nandIsUtra-therAvalI kI 32 vIM gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM nandIcariNakAra ne ina donoM prakAra ke mantavyoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai-"bAraha varSIya bhISaNa duSkAla ke samaya AhAra hetu idhara-udhara bhramaNa karate rahane ke phalasvarUpa adhyayana evaM punarAvartana Adi ke abhAva meM zrutazAstra kA jJAna naSTa ho gyaa| punaH subhikSa hone para skaMdilAcArya ke netRtva meM zramasaMgha ne ekatrita ho, jisa jisa sodhu ko AgamoM kA jo jo aMza smaraNa thA, use suna-suna kara sampUrNa kAlika zrata ko suvyavasthita evaM susaMgaThita kiyaa| vaha vAcanA mathurA nagarI meM huI isalie use mAthurI vAcanA aura skandilAcArya sammata thI ataH skaMdilIya anuyoga ke nAma se pukArI jAtI hai| dUsare (AcArya) kahate haiM-sUtra naSTa nahIM hue, usa durbhikSakAla meM jo pradhAna-pradhAna anuyogadhara (zrutadhara) the, unakA nidhana ho gyaa| eka skandilAcArya bace rhe| unhoMne mathurA meM sAdhunoM ko punaH zAstroM kI vAcanA-zikSA dI, ataH use mAdhurI vAcanA aura skandilIya anuyoga kahA jAtA hai|"2 nandI cUriNa meM jo ukta do abhimatoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, una donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAoM ko yadi vAstavikatA kI kasauTI para kasA jAya to vastutaH pahalI mAnyatA hI tathyapUrNa aura ucita ThaharatI hai| "sUtra naSTa nahIM hue"- isa prakAra kI jo dUsarI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI gaI hai vaha tathyoM para prAdhArita pratIta nahIM hotii| dvAdazAMgI kI prArambhika avasthA ke pada-parimAraNa aura vartamAna meM upalabdha isake pATha kI tAlikA isakA paryApta puSTa pramANa hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa carcA kI AvazyakatA nahIM kyoMki vartamAna meM upalabdha dvAdazAMgI kA ,titthogAlI etvaM, vattavvA hoI mAraNupubIe / __je tassa u aMgassa, vucchedo jahiM viNihiTTho // vyA. bhA0 10,704 2 naMdIcariNa, pR. 6 (puNyavijayajI ma. dvArA sNpaadit)|

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182 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dA. kA hrAsa viccheda pATha vallabhI meM huI mantima vAcanA meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa Adi prAcAryoM dvArA bIra nirvANa saM0 180 meM nirdhArita kiyA gayA thaa| isa antima prAgama-vAcanA se 153 varSa pUrva vIra ni0 saM0 827 meM, lagabhaga eka hI samaya meM do vibhinna sthAnoM para do prAgama-vAcanAeM, pahalI prAgama-vAcanA Arya skaMdila kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM aura dUsarI prAcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM, vallabhI meM ho cukI thiiN| uparivariNata dvitIya mAnyatA ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI kA mUlasvarUpa 827 varSoM taka yathAvat banA rahA ho aura kevala 153 varSoM kI avadhi meM hI itane svalpa parimANa meM avaziSTa raha gayA ho, yaha vicAra karane para svIkAra karane yogya pratIta nahIM hotaa| zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAha ke jIvanakAla meM vIra ni0 saM0 160 ke AsapAsa kI avadhi meM huI prathama Agama-vAcanA ke samaya dvAdazAMgI kA jitanA hrAsa humA, use dhyAna meM rakhate hue vicAra kiyA jAya to hameM isa kaTu satya ko svIkAra karanA hogA ki vI0ni0 saM0 827 meM haI skandilIya aura nAgArjunIya.vAcanAoM ke samaya taka dvAdazAMgI kA pracura mAtrA meM hrAsa ho cukA thA tathA ekAdazAMgI kA prAja jo parimANa upalabdha hai, usase koI bahata adhika parimANa skandilIya aura nAgArjunIya vAcanAtroM ke samaya meM nahIM rahA hogaa| ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt pahale prazna kA yahI vAstavika uttara pratIta hotA hai ki kAlaprabhAva, prAkRtika prakopoM evaM anya pratikUla paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa pramukha sUtradharoM ke svargagamana ke sAtha-sAtha zruta kA bhI zanaiH zanaiH hrAsa hotA gyaa| dvAdazAMgI kA kauna kauna sA aMga kisa kisa samaya meM vicchinna.hA, isa sambandha meM jo titthogAlI meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usake anusAra jisa aMga ke jisa samaya meM vicchinna hone kA ullekha hai, usa samaya meM vaha aMga pUrNataH lupta ho gayA athavA aMzataH hI lupta huA, isa dUsare prazna para aba hameM vicAra karanA hai| isa sandarbha meM hameM una saba gAthAnoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karanA hogA jo prAcArAMga ke viccheda ke viSaya meM Upara dI gaI haiN| gAthA saMkhyA 816 meM batAyA gayA hai ki vI0 ni0 saM0 20,000 meM AcArAMga kA viccheda ho jaaygaa| isake pazcAt gAthA sakhyA 817 meM batAyA gayA hai ki duHSamA nAmaka paMcama prAraka kA kucha samaya zeSa rahane para duHprasaha nAmaka prAcArya aMtima AcArAMgadhara hoNge| una duHprasaha prAcArya ke nidhana ke sAtha hI sAtha cAritra sahita AcArAMga naSTa ho jaaygaa| aMta meM gAthA saMkhyA 820 meM batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArasUtra ke naSTa ho jAne ke pazcAt zramaNoM kA nAma taka avaziSTa nahIM rahegA aura loga aMdhakArapUrNa timisra guphA meM rheNge| ina gAthAno para gahana cintana se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vI0 ni0 saM0 20000 meM prAcArAMga ke bahuta bar3e bhAga kA lopa ho jAyagA kintu vaha pUrNataH vilupta nahIM hogaa| aMzataH evaM arthataH AcArAMga, AcArasUtra ke rUpa meM ukta vilopa ke pazcAt bhI 1000 varSa taka vidyamAna rahegA aura vIra nirvANa

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dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda] kevalikAla : prArya sudharmA 183 saM0 21,000 ke lagabhaga jisa dina pacama prAraka samApta hogA, usa dina ke prathama prahara meM prAcArya duHprasaha ke svarga-gamana ke sAtha hI AcArAMga kA bhI pUrNataH uccheda ho jAyagA / yadi vIra ni0 saM0 20,000 meM hI prAcArAMga kA pUrNataH uccheda ho jAtA hai to vIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 21000 varSa pazcAt paMcama prAraka ko samApti ke aMtima dina meM svargastha hone vAle duHprasaha prAcArya ko aMtima prAcAradhara kisa prakAra batAyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi kahA jAya ki yahAM 'prAcAradhara' zabda kA prayoga prAcArAMgadhara ke artha meM nahIM apitu AcAradhara ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai to yaha kathana kisI bhI dazA meM ucita nahIM tthhrtaa| kyoMki gAthA meM nirdiSTa - "teraNa samaM pAyAro, nissihI samaM caritteNaM" - isa pada meM 'caritteNaM' isa zabda se cAritra arthAt prAcAra kA aura 'mAyAro' isa zabda se prAcArAMga kA spaSTa zabdoM meM pRthaka-prayaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yadi titthogAlI ke racanAkAra ko 'prAyAro' zabda se cAritra-prAcAra artha abhISTa hotA to ve 'samaM caritteNaM' isa pada se cAritra kA punaH pRyaka rUpa se ullekha nahIM krte| vastutaH unhoMne 'AyAro' zabda kA prayoga isa gAthA meM prAcArAMga ke liye hI prayukta kiyA hai aura isase Age kI gAthA saMkhyA 820 ke- "na ya taiyA samaNANaM, pAyArasutte paradummi" - isa pada meM apane abhipreta kathana ko yaha kaha kara sUrya ke prakAza kI taraha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki prAcAra-sUtra ke vinaSTa hone ke pazcAt zramaNoM kA ekAntataH abhAva ho jaaygaa| ina saba tathyoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki 'titthogAlI' meM jo aMgazAstroM ke viccheda kA pRthaka-pRthaka samaya diyA gayA hai, usa-usa samaya meM AcArAMgAdi aMga zAstroM kA pUrNataH nahIM apitu aMzataH viccheda batAyA gayA hai| titthogAlI ke praNetA AcArya kA ukta prakaraNa meM yahI batAne kA abhiprAya hai ki gaNadharakAla meM dvAdazAMgI kA jo vizAla svarUpa thA usakA pracura mAtrA meM viccheda ho gayA athavA hogA para aMzataH choTe-bar3e yatkicit rUpeNa dvAdazAMgI paMcama pAraka kI samApti ke aMtima dina meM caturvidha tIrtha kI vidyamAnatA taka nizcita rUpa se vidyamAna rhegii| titthogAlI ke uparokta prakaraNa kI gAthAoM ko dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane para yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki jahAM kisI aMgazAstra ke sampUrNa rUpa se vilupta hone kA ullekha karanA granthakAra ko abhIpsita thA vahAM unhoMne 'nAsihI', 'nissihI'. aura 'paNammi' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai aura jahAM unheM kisI aMgazAstra ke kucha aMza, kucha bhAga ke vilupta hone kA ullekha karanA abhISTa thA vahAM unhoMne "vocchedo", "vocchittI" - ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / isase bhI granthakAra ke abhiprAya kA spaSTa pAbhAsa hotA hai ki aMgazAstroM ke viccheda kA jo vivaraNa unhoMne titthogAlI meM prastuta kiyA hai usameM unhoMne katipaya aMgoM ke aMzataH lopa kA aura aMta meM duppasaha prAcArya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt pAdArAMga ke sampUrNataH vinaSTa hone kA ullekha kiyA hai /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dvA. kA hrAsa evaM viccheda eka zrutadhara ke nidhana ke sAtha jisa aMgazAstra ke vyavacheda kA titthogAlI ke racayitA ne ullekha kiyA hai, usa para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAya to yahI vicAra saMgata pratIta hogA ki eka zrutadhara ke divaMgata hone para usa dhruta kA pUraNataH nahIM. apitu aMzataH lopa ho gyaa| kyoMki kisI bhI aMgazAstra ko sutra aura arthasahita kaNThastha rakhane vAle usa zAstra ke viziSTa jJAtA kisI eka samaya meM koI eka zratadhara ho sakate haiM para usake sAmAnya sUtra aura artha ko kaNThastha rakhane vAle hajAroM nahIM to saikar3oM muni usa samaya meM avazya rahe hoNge| aisI dazA meM eka viziSTa sUtradhara ke nidhana ke sAtha usa sUtra kA viziSTa jJAna vilupta ho sakatA hai na ki vaha sampUrNa zAstra ho| apane samaya ke una pradhAna aura viziSTa zrutadhara ke nyUnAdhika medhAvI ziSya bhI rahe hoMge jinhoMne sampUrNa na sahI para kucha na kucha to prAcArAMga kA adhyayana una zrutadhara prAcArya ke pAsa avazya kiyA hogA / una ziSyoM ke atirikta vizAla zramaraNa-zramaNiyoM ke saMghoM meM pratyeka sAdhu athavA sAdhvI ne thor3A bahuta to prAcArAMga kA adhyayana avazyameva kiyA hogaa| kyoMki usa samaya taka pratyeka zramaNa-zramaNI ke liye prAcArAMga ke adhyayana kI anivArya prAthamikatA mAnI jAtI thii| aisI sthiti meM eka zrutadhara ke nidhana para kisI bhI zruta kA svalsa ayavA adhika aMza to vilupta ho sakatA hai para vaha pUrA kA pUrA aMgazAstra hI eka zrutadhara ke na rahane para sampUrNarUpeNa vilupta ho jAya yaha kisI bhI taraha tarkasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| uparokta saba tathyoM se yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki titthogAlI meM jo aMgoM ke viccheda kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai vaha vastutaH aMgoM ke aMzata: viccheda kA hI vivaraNa hai na ki sampUrNataH viccheda kA / dvAdazAMgI kA jo hrAsa huaA hai usakA citra mAja hamAre samakSa pratyakSa vidyamAna hai| dvAdazAMgI viSayaka digambara mAnyatA digambara paramparA vartamAna kAla meM dvAdazAMgI ke kisI eka bhI aMga kA astitva nahIM maantii| usakI mAnyatAnusAra vI0ni0 saM0 683 meM hI dvAdazAMgI vilupta ho gii| digambara paramparA ke mAnya graMtha tiloyapaNNa tti, aMgapaNyatti zrutAvatAra, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa prAdi meM dvAdazAMgI ke vinaSTa hone kA thor3e. bahuta matabheda ke sAtha jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usakA moTe taura para nimnalikhita rUpa se niSkarSa nikalatA hai :1. vIra nirvANa saM0 62 taka kevalajJAna vidyamAna rhaa| vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 12 taka gautama, vI0ni0 saM0 12 se 24 taka prArya sudharmA aura vo ni0 saM0 24 se 62 taka jambU svAmI kevalI rhe| 2. vIra ni0 saM0 62 se 162 taka 100 varSa kA kAla catudaMza pUrvaghara kAla rahA / ina 100 varSoM meM naMdI (viSNukumAra), naMdImitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadravAha ye 5 zrutakevalI hue|

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dvA. vi. diga. mAnyatA ] 3. kevalikAla : prAyaM sudharmA 185 vI0 ni0 saM0 162 se 345 paryanta arthAt 1853 varSa taka 10 pUrvadharoM kA kAla rahA / isa avadhi meM vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAgasena, siddhArtha, ghRtisena, vijaya, buddhila, deva aura dharmasena ye 11 daza pUrvadhara hue / 4. vI0 ni0 saM0 345 se 565 paryanta 220 varSoM kA kAla ekAdazAMgadharoM kA kAla rahA / isa 220 varSa kI avadhi meM nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsArya ye 5 ekAdazAMgadhara hue / 5. tatpazcAt vI0 ni0 saM0 565 se 683 taka 118 varSa kA AcArAMgadhara kAla rahA / isa avadhi meM samudra, yazobhadra, bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) aura lohArya ye 4 AcArAMgadhara hue / isake pazcAt koI aMgadhara nahIM rahA aura isa prakAra vI0 ni0 saM0 683 meM dvAdazAMgI vilupta ho gaI / yadyapi tiloyapatti, AdipurANa Adi digambara paramparA ke prAcIna zraura mAnya graMthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki dvAdazAMgI kA vI0 ni0 saM0 683 meM viccheda ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI vI0 ni0 saM0 20317 taka arthAt duHSamA kAla kI samApti ke katipaya varSa pUrva taka dvAdazAMgI aMzataH vidyamAna rahegI, ' tathApi - digambara paramparA meM Aja yaha mAnyatA grAmataura se pracalita hai - "vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM 11 aMgoM kA, 14 pUrvI kA, triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra kA aura samasta mUla jinAgama sAhitya kA sampUrNa rUpa se vinAza ho gayA / prabhu mahAvIra kI divya dhvani se prakaTa huA eka bhI zabda zrAja vidyamAna nahIM rahA hai / " isa prakAra kI pracalita mAnyatA kA koI Thosa AdhAra digambara parampara. ke kisI mAnya prAcIna graMtha meM khojane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI sabhI vidvAnoM, vicArakoM aura pratyeka jaina ke lie yaha niSpakSa rUpa se cintana kA viSaya hai ki kyA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita zAzvata satya ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura bhAvanAoM Adi ke amara siddhAnta AryadharA se vilupta ho cuke haiM ? kyA amaratA kI ora , (ka) vIsasahassaM tisadA, sattArasa vaccharANi sudatitthaM / dhammapayaTTaraNa hedU.. vocchisadi kAla doseraNaM / / 1493 || (kha) zrutaM tapobhRtAmeSAM praNezyati paramparA / zeSarapi zrutajJAnasyaiko dezastapodhanaH / / 527 / / jina senAnugairvIrasenaM prAptamahaddhibhiH / samApte duSpamAyAH prAkprAyazo vartayiSyate / / 528 / / [tiloya paNNatta, ma. 4] [ mahApurANa ( uttarapura |raNa, parva 76 ) ]

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186 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dvA. vi. diga. mAnyatA agrasara kara amRtatva pradAna karane vAle, jaina dharma ke AdhArastambhopama mUla siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita karane vAle amRta se bhI adhika madhura nimnalikhita amola vacana kisI chadmastha prAcArya ke mastiSka kI kalpanA se udbhUta haiM :1. savve pAraNA savve bhUyA savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA na ajjAveyavvA na paridhitavvA na pariyAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe niie sAsae........... / 2. tumaMsi nAma sacceva jaM haMtavvaMti mannasi..... / 3. dhammo maMgalamukkiTaM, ahiMsA saMjamotavo / ityAdi / ye zAzvata satya prabhU mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita haiM, isameM kisI ko kisI bhI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM honI caahie| mahAvIra vANI (dvAdazAMgI) ke pUrNataH vinaSTa ho jAne kI bAta kahanA vastutaH eka prakAra se jina zAsana kI pratiSThA ke liye hitakara nahIM apitu ahitakara hI siddha ho sakatA hai| kyoMki isa prakAra kI mAnyatA abhivyakta karane para sahaja hI yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi prabhu mahAvIra kI vANI kA eka bhI zabda vidyamAna nahIM hai to Aja jo jaina dharma aura jaina siddhAntoM kA svarUpa vidyamAna hai vaha kinake zabdoM para avalaMbita evaM AdhArita hai ? jo kucha Aja hamAre pAsa vidyamAna hai kyA vaha saba mahAvIra vANI kI dena nahIM hai? dvAdazAMgI ke bahuta bar3e bhAga kA viccheda huaA hai, isa tathya ko koI bhI vicAraka asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| dvAdazAMgI kI bhASA meM bhI thor3A bahuta parivartana pAnA sambhava hai para vastutaH Arya sudharmA dvArA prabhu kI divya dhvani ke AdhAra para grathita ekAdazAMgI aura pUrvajJAna Aja bhI aMzata: vidyamAna haiM aura paMcama prAraka kI samApti se kucha samaya pUrva taka ye vidyamAna rheNge|

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Arya jambU . (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dvitIya pahaSara) bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke prathama paTTadhara Arya sudharmA ke nirvANa pazcAt unake pramukha ziSya Arya jambU IsA se 507 varSa pUrva, vIra nirvANa saMvat 20 meM dharma-saMgha ke dvitIya AcArya bane / ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM Arya jambU eka mahAn samartha prAcArya hue haiN| jisa prakAra unake anupama tyAga kI mahattA prakaTa karane ke lie saMsAra meM koI upamA upalabdha nahIM hotI, ThIka usI prakAra unakI zarIra-sampadA, vairAgya, tapa, gurubhakti, saralatA aura AdhyAtmika jJAna Adi kA citraNa karane ke lie athaka parizrama se bhI koI upayukta zabdAvalI prApta nahIM hotii| __ atyanta sukumAra, svastha, sundara, suDaula aura sazakta, svarNa ke samAna kAntimAna sumanasara-suropama zarIra, mAdaka yauvana meM prathama pAda-nikSepa, samasta vidyAnoM evaM 72 kalAoM meM nipuNatA, kuberopama akSaya-atula dhana-vaibhava, surasundariyoM ke samAna rUpa-lAvaNyasampanna ATha kokilakaNThinI navavadhueM, vipula vilAsopakaraNa, sundara-sukhada vAtAvaraNa, sukha ke samasta sAdhana - ye saba kucha sahajaprApta aihika pralobhana jisa muktipatha ke pathika ko kiMcitmAtra bhI lubdha na kara sake, usa mahAn sAdhaka kI virATatA kA vAstavika varNana lekhanI athavA zabdoM se kiyA jAnA eka prakAra se asambhava hai| uddAma yauvana meM apane samakSa bhogArtha prastuta asIma bhoga sAmagrI ko ThakarA kara jambU kumAra kA svecchA se kaNTakAkIrNa tyAga-patha para ArUr3ha honA, yaha apane Apa meM eka aisA asAdhAraNa Azcaryajanaka udAharaNa hai jo sambhavataH saMsAra ke itihAsa meM khojane para bhI anyatra nahIM milegaa| pratyeka mumukSu sAdhaka ke lie prakAzastambha kI taraha patha-pradarzaka jambUkumAra kA utkaTa viraktipUrNa, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI amiTa lau yUkta akhaNDa jyoti se jagamagAtA huaA parama uddIpta,parama uddAtta sAhasI jIvana eka lamba kAla se kaviyoM, kalAkAroM, evaM lekhakoM ke lie AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai aura unake dvArA samaya-samaya para jambUkumAra ke jIvana ke sambandha meM pracura mAtrA meM aneka bhASAoM evaM vividha vidhAoM meM sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA jAtA rahA hai| Arya jambU vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM bharatakSetra ke antima kevalI evaM antima muktigAmI mAne gae haiN| zraddhAlu kavi ne nimnalikhita sundara zabdoM meM etadviSayaka apanI bhAvAbhivyaMjanA kI hai : lokottaraM hi saubhAgyaM, jambUsvAmi mahAmuneH / adyApi yaM patiM prApya, zivazrInyimicchati / /

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188 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga Arya jambU ke pUrvamava : .Arya jambU ne aisI adbhuta Atmazakti, itanI aparimita dhana-sampatti evaM sarvapriya-sammohaka bhavya vyaktitva kisa prakAra prApta kiyA, yaha unake pUrvabhava ke vRttAnta se bhalIbhAMti jAnA jA sakatA hai ataH yahAM unake pUrvabhavoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra, nirvANagamana se 16 varSa pUrva, eka samaya rAjagRha nagara ke guNazIla nAmaka udyAna meM padhAre hue the| bhagavAn kI divya dezanA sunane hetu apAra janasamUha prabhu ke samavasaraNa kI ora umar3a pdd'aa| magadha-samrAT zreNika bhI apane parijana-purajana Adi ke sAtha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke darzana-vandana evaM upadeza-zravaNa kI utkaNThA lie prabhu-sevA meM upasthita hue| darzanArtha jAte samaya zreNika ne mArga meM prasannacandra rAjarSi ko cilacilAtI dhUpa meM dhyAnamagna dekhaa| unake ugra tapa se prabhAvita zreNika tribhuvanatilaka bhagavAn mahAvIra se maharSi prasannacandra ke ghora tapa ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlI unakI bhAvI gati ke sambandha meM UhApohAtmaka aneka prazna kara rahe the| bhagavAna mahAvIra zreNika ke praznoM ke uttara meM rAjarSi prasannacandra dvArA apane tIvra azubha evaM zubha adhyavasAyoM ke kAraNa kie jA rahe nAraka evaM devAyu ke upArjana tathA kSaya ke sambandha meM pharamA rahe the| usI samaya zreNika ne devadundubhi-zravaNa evaM devoM ke sampAta ko dekhakara sAzcarya prabhu se usakA kAraNa puuchaa| prabhu ne pharamAyA- "rAjarSi prasannacandra ko kevalajJAnopalabdhi ho gaI hai|" devoM ne paMca-divya varSA kara kevalI prasannacandra kA kevala-jJAnotsava manAyA aura usake pazcAt ve darzana hetu prabhu ke samavasaraNa meM aaye| una devoM ne prabhu ke pAdapadmoM meM praNAma kiyaa| usI samaya vidyunmAlI nAmaka eka mahAsamRddhizAlI deva ne samavasaraNa meM upasthita ho prabhu ko vandana karate hue sUrya evaM candramA ke samAna jagamagAtI huI maNiyoM se jaTita mukuTa se suzobhita apanA mastaka prabhu ke padAravinda meM jhukaayaa| vidyanmAlI kA saundarya aura zarIra kI kAnti anya saba devoM se itanI adhika tejasvI saumya, nayanAbhirAma aura manohAro thI ki pariSad meM upasthita adhikAMza loga visphArita netroM se usakI ora eka-Taka dekhate hI raha gye| mahArAja zreNika ne prabhu ko sAMjali zIza jhakAte hae prazna kiyA"vizvakanAtha ! saba devoM meM atyadhika tejasvI yaha kaunasA deva hai ? isane kisa mahAna sukRta ke pratApa se aisA adbhuta kAntimAna evaM manamohaka saundarya prApta kiyA hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne magadhasamrATa ke prazna kA uttara dete hae pharamAyA"rAjan ! isI magadha janapada meM sugrAma nAmaka grAma meM prArjava nAmaka eka rASTrakUTa athavA rAThor3a (raTThaur3o) rahatA thaa|' usakI patnI revatI kI kukSi ' tatthAsi tatthavANI prajjavaM prajjavati rtttthuddo|||2|| [upadezamAlA, doghaTTI vRtti]

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mAyaM jambU ke pUrvabhava] kevalikAla : prAyaM jambU 186 se bhavadatta aura bhavadeva nAmaka do putra utpanna hue| yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karate hI bhavadatta ne saMsAra se virakta ho susthita nAmaka prAcArya ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura unake sAtha vibhinna kSetroM, nagaroM evaM grAmoM meM vicaraNa karate hue saMyama kI sAdhanA karane lgaa| eka bAra AcArya susthita kA eka ziSya unase AjJA prApta kara kucha zramaNoM ke sAtha apane choTe sahodara ko dIkSita hone kI preraNA dene hetu apane grAma phNcaa| grAma meM usake choTe bhAI kA vivAha nizcita ho cukA thA ataH vaha pravajita nahIM hazA aura phalataH muni ko binA kAryasiddhi ke hI lauTanA pdd'aa| mUni bhavadatta ne apane sAthI mani se bAta hI bAta meM kaha diyA- "Apake bhAI ke hRdaya meM yadi Apake prati pragAr3ha prIti aura saccA bhrAtaprema hotA to bar3e lambe samaya ke pazcAt Apako dekha kara avazyameva vaha Apake pIche 2 calA praataa|" muni bhavadatta ke isa kathana ko apane bhrAtA ke sneha para grAkSepa samajha kara usa muni ne kahA - "mune! kahanA jitanA sarala hai, vastutaH karanA utanA sarala nhiiN| yadi Apako apane bhAI ke prati itanA dRr3ha vizvAsa hai to Apa unheM pravajita karavA kara dikhaaiye|" bhavadatta muni ne kahA - "yadi prAcAryazrI magadha janapada kI ora vihAra kareM to kucha hI dinoM pazcAt Apa mere laghu bhrAtA ko avazya hI muniveza meM dekheNge| ___ saMyogavaza AcArya susthita apane ziSyoM sahita vicaraNa karate hue magadha janapada meM pahuMca ge| muni bhavadatta bhI apane guru se prAjJA lekara kucha sAdhuoM ke sAtha apane grAma meM phuNce| muni bhavadatta ke darzana kara unake parijana va paricita parama prasanna hue aura unhoMne saba zramaNoM ko niravadya AhArAdi kA dAna dekara apane Apako kRtakRtya smjhaa| jisa samaya bhavadatta apane parivAra ke logoM ke bIca pahuMce usase kucha hI samaya pahale bhavadeva kA vivAha nAgadatta evaM vAsukI kI kanyA nAgilA ke sAtha sampanna huA thaa| apanI sakhI-saheliyoM ke bIca baiThI navavadhu nAgilA ko jisa samaya bhavadeva zRgArAlaMkArAdi se alaMkRta kara rahA thA, usI samaya use apane agraja bhavadatta ke zubhAgamana kA samAcAra milaa| vaha tatkAla unake darzana evaM vandana hetu uTha baitthaa| yadyapi navavadhu kI sakhiyoM ne use bahuterA samajhAyA ki navavivAhitA patnI ko prasAdhanAdi se arddhazRgAritAvasthA meM chor3akara use nahIM jAnA cAhie tathApi bhavadeva kSaNa bhara bhI binA ruke sudIrghakAla se bichur3e apane bar3e bhAI se milane kI utkaNThA lie yaha kaha kara cala diyA - "kulabAlAao! maiM apane jyeSThArya ko praNAma kara abhI-abhI lauTatA huuN|" tadanantara bhavadeva bar3I zIghratApUrvaka apane bar3e bhAI bhavadatta ke pAsa pahuMcA aura usane asIma harSollAsa se bhAvavibhora ho apanA mastaka unake caraNoM para rakha diyaa| muni bhavadatta ne ghRta se bharA apanA eka pAtra bhavadeva ke hAthoM para

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jaina dharma kA mausika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya jambU ke pUrvabhava rakha diyA aura sAthI zramaNoM ke sAtha ve apane prAzramasthala kI ora lauTa pdd'e| bhavadeva aura anya parijanoM sahita aneka grAmavAsI bhI muniyoM ko pahuMcAne hetu unake pIche pIche cala diye / sAdhuSoM ko thor3I dUrI taka pahuMcA kara mahilAeM apane apane gharoM kI pora lauTa gii| tadanantara kucha praura dUrI para sAdhunoM ko pahuMcAkara puruSa-varga bhI loTane lgaa| una logoM ne varavezadhArI bhavadeva ko bhI loTane kA prAgraha karate hae kahA- "jaina zramaNa, "aba tuma lauTa jAtro"-isa prakAra kA sadoSa bacana kabhI nahIM bolate, prataH bhavadeva ! aba tuma bhI lauTa clo|" . "para binA bhaiyA ke kahe maiM kaise lauTUM" - yaha socakara bhavadeva una logoM ke sAtha nahIM lauTA aura bhavadatta ke pIche-pIche pAge kI mora bar3hatA hI gyaa| grAma se paryApta dUrI para nikala jAne ke pazcAt eka upAya bhavadeva ke dhyAna meM pAyA ki bAtacIta kA krama cAlU karane para bahuta sambhava hai usake bar3e bhAI use lauTane kA kucha saMketa kreN| vaha bAtacIta kA silasilA calAte hue bolA- "zreSThArya ! yaha kheta apanA hai, yaha banakhaNDa aura vaha tAlAba bhI apane hI haiN| vaha jo usa pAra kA kheta hai vaha apane par3auMsI kA aura usa chora vAlA pAmrakuMja prApake paramasakhA kA hai|" ___ isa prakAra kI aneka bAtaM bhavadeva ne kahIM para bhavadatta ne "hAM-hAM, maiM jAnatA haM", ina vAkyoM ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM khaa| isa prakAra bAtoM hI bAtoM meM ve apane gAMva kI sImA se bahuta Age bar3ha gaye aura kucha hI samaya meM ve prAcAryazrI kI sevA meM pahuMca gye| varocita veza meM bhavadeva ko dekhakara prAcArya susthita ne pUchA - "yaha saumya yuvaka kaise pAyA hai ?" bhavadatta ne dRr3hatA ke sAtha uttara diyA - "pravrajyArtha / " prAcArya zrI ne bhavadeva kI ora dRSTinikSepa karate hue pUchA - "kyA yahI bAta hai ?" kahIM bar3e bhAI kI avahelanA na ho jAya isa vicAra se bhavadeva ne svIkRtisUcaka mudrA meM mastaka jhukAte hue kahA - "yahI bAta hai bhagavan !" prAcAryadeva.dvArA bhavadeva ko usI samaya jainI bhAgavatI-dIkSA de dI gii| puSahI maraNoM pUrva bhoga-mArga kI pora uThe hue caraNa tyAgamArga para cala pdd'e| sabhI bhamaraNoM ke mukha se sahasA nikala par3A - "prArya bhavadatta ne jo kahA vahI kara dikhaayaa|" kAlAntara meM muni bhavadatta ne anazanapUrvaka samAdhi ke sAtha nazvara zarIra kA tyAga kiyA pora ve saudharmendra ke sAmAnika deva bane / upara bhavadeva dIkSita ho jAne para bhI sadA apanI patnI kA cintana kiyA karatA thaa| vaha bahiraMga rUpa se to zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kara rahA thA parantu maNi samasamAyaNaM bhavadevassa kare..... [jaMbucariyaM (guNapAla), pR0 18]

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mArya jambU ke pUrvamava] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 191 AbhyaMtara meM sadA usakI prANapriyA patnI hI basI rahatI thii| vaha aharniza mana hI mana apanI patnI ke sambandha meM socatA rahatA - "hAya ! maiM apanI sadyapariNItA, arddhazRgAritA aura bholI-bhAlI priyA ko pravaMcitA sI chor3akara prabajita ho gyaa| merI vaha parityaktA patnI mujhe kina-kina zabdoM meM kosatI hogI? usa para na mAlUma kyA-kyA bItI hogI? vaha kaisI hogI, kisa prakAra rahatI hogI? jala se nikAla kara pratapta marubhUmi para paTakI huI mIna kI bhAMti bahuta sambhava hai vaha kaba kI hI apane prAraNoM kA parityAga kara cukI hogI athavA atyanta kRza ho vaha asthipaMjaramAtrAvaziSTa raha gaI hogii|" isa prakAra pUta paMcagavya aura apavitra madirA ko eka sAtha rakhane vAle mUrkha vyakti kI taraha bhavadeva apanI jIvanacaryA meM pratipala bAhyarUpeNa zramaNAcAra aura antarmanasA kAminI kI cAha ko sAtha-sAtha saMjoye rakhatA thaa| bhavadatta ke svargagamana ke pazcAt bhavadeva ke mana meM nAgilA ko dekhane kI bar3I tIvra utkaNThA jAgRta huii| vaha pAja ke TUTa jAne para baMdha meM roke hue pAnI kI taraha bar3e vega se sthaviroM kI AjJA lie binA hI apane grAma sugrAma kI ora cala pdd'aa| grAma ke pAsa pahu~ca kara vaha eka caityaghara ke pAsa vizrAma hetu baiTha gyaa| thor3I hI dera meM eka saMbhrAnta ghara kI mahilA eka brAhmaNI ko sAtha lie hue vahAM phuNcii| usane bhavadeva muni ko vandana-namaskAra kiyaa| muni bhavadeva ne usa mahilA se pUchA- "zrAvike! kyA prArjava rASTrakUTa aura unakI patnI revatI jIvita haiM ?" usa mahilA ne uttara diyA - "munivara ! una donoM ko to ihalIlA samApta kie bahuta samaya bIta cukA hai|" yaha sunate hI muni ke mukhamaNDala para zoka kI kAlI chAyA chA gaI / kucha kSaNa mauna evaM vicAramagna rahane ke pazcAt unhoMne thor3I hicaka ke sAtha punaH prazna kiyA- "dharmaniSThe.! kyA bhavadeva kI patnI nAgilA jIvita hai ?" isa prazna ko sunakara vaha mahilA cauNkii| usane sAzcarya muni ke mukha kI ora dekhate hue anumAna lagAyA ki bahuta sambhava hai yaha bhavadeva hI hoN| usa mahilA ne prazna kiyA - "Apa Arya bhavadeva ko kisa prakAra jAnate haiM aura yahAM ekAkI kisa kArya se Aye haiM ?" bhavadeva ne kahA- "maiM Arya prArjava kA choTA putra bhavadeva haiN| apane bar3e bhAI bhavadatta kI icchA ke kAraNa apanI navavivAhitA patnI ko binA pUche tathA antarmana se na cAhate hue bhI maiM lajjAvaza pravajita ho gayA thaa| kahIM merI gaNanA akulInoM meM na kara lI jAya, isa hetu maiM nAgilA ke mukhakamala ko dekhane kI ciralAlasA se prerita ho yahAM pAyA hai| "zrAvike! tuma to nAgilA

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192 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya jambU ke pUrvabhava ko avazya pahicAnatI hogii| merI vaha nAgilA kaisI hai ? usakA rUpalAvaNya kaisA hai aura dekhane meM vaha kaisI lagatI hai ?" zrAvikA volI - "vaha ThIka aisI hI dikhatI hai jaisI ki maiN| usameM aura mujhameM koI vizeSatA nahIM hai| para eka bAta maiM samajha nahIM pAI ki Apa to pavitrazramaNAcAra kA pAlana kara rahe haiM, aba Apako usa nAgilA se kyA kArya hai?" bhavadeva - "pANigrahaNa ke tatkAla pazcAt hI maiM use chor3akara calA gayA thaa|" zrAvikA - "yaha to pUrvopArjita puNya ke pratApa se Apane bahuta acchA kiyA ki bhavabhramaNa kI viSavallarI ko bar3hane se pahale hI sukhA DAlA / " __ bhavadeva - "kyA nAgilA zIla, sadAcArAdi - zrAvikA ke vratoM kA pAlana karatI huI prAdarza jIvana bitA rahI hai ?" zrAvikA - "nAgilA na kevala svayaM hI Adarza zrAvikA ke vratoM kA pAlana karatI hai apitu anya aneka mahilAoM se bhI pAlana karavA rahI hai|" bhavadeva - "jisa prakAra maiM usakA ahaniza smaraNa karatA hai, usI prakAra kyA vaha bhI merA smaraNa karatI rahatI hai ?" zrAvikA - Apa sAdhu hokara bhI apane kartavya ko bhUla gae haiM para vaha zrAvikA nAgilA kalyANakArI sAdhanA-patha para calatI huI ApakI taraha bhUla nahIM kara sktii| vaha zrAvikA ke yogya ucca bhAvanAoM kA anuciMtana karatI huI kaThora tapasyAeM karatI hai, uttama AtmArthI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke upadezAmRta kA pAna karatI hai aura pratikramaNa pratyAkhyAnAdi se bhavabhramaNa kI mahAvyAdhi ke samUlanAza ke lie sadA prayatnazIla rahatI hai|" bhavadeva - "zrAvike ! maiM nAgilA ko eka bAra apanI ina prAMkhoM se dekhanA cAhatA huuN|" zrAvikA - "azuci ke bhAjana usake zarIra ko dekhane se mahAmane! ApakA kaunasA prayojana siddha hone vAlA hai ? mujhe Apane dekha hI liyA hai| mujha meM aura usameM koI antara nahIM hai| jo nAgilA hai vahI maiM hU~ aura jo maiM hU~ vahI vaha . nAgilA hai|" bhavadeva - "to saca kaho zrAvike ! kyA tumhI nAgilA ho?" zrAvikA-bhaMte ! maiM hI haiM vaha akhaNDa brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karane vAlI aura rudhira, mAMsa, majjA, mUtra, purISAdi azuci se paripUrNagAtrA naagilaa|" bhavadeva zrAvikA nAgilA kI ora ninimeSa dRSTi se dekhatA huA citralikhita sA mauna khar3A rhaa| nAgilA ne vAtAvaraNa kI nistabdhatA ko bhaMga karate hue kahanA prArambha kiyA- "mahAmune ! maiMne apanI pUjyA guruNIjI se eka bar3A sundara aura zikSA

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prArya jambU ke pUrvabhava] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 163 prada pAkhyAna sunA hai / vaha maiM Apako sunAnA cAhatI hU~ / kRpayA dhyAna se sunie : bhavATavI ke saMkaToM se saMtrasta eka mumukSa brAhmaNa apane putra ke sAtha eka mahAzramaraNa ke pAsa paMcamahAvratoM kI dIkSA grahaNa kara tapazcaraNa karane lgaa| vaha kaThina zramaNAcAra kA pUrI taraha se pAlana karatA huA bhikSA meM prApta rUkhe-sUkhe bhojana se tapa ke pAraNe krtaa| para usakA putra kaThora. sAdhumArga se vicalita hokara bAra-bAra usase kahatA- "khanta ! maiM yaha rUkhA-sUkhA bhojana nahIM khA sktaa| khanta ! maiM isa svAdarahita aura virasa, bhikSA meM mile peya padArtha - pAnI Adi bhI nahIM pI sktaa|" . usa zramaNa ne apane putra ko aneka prakAra se samajhAyA ki paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karane se divya sukhoM kI upalabdhi aura anta meM akSaya ziva-mukha kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra kucha samaya taka to vaha choTA muni apane pitA ke samajhAne-bujhAne se yena-kena prakAreNa zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karatA rahA para eka dina usane apane pitA se spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha diyA ki zuSka evaM nIrasa khAna-pAna se usakI zArIrika zakti pUrNarUpeNa kSINa ho cukI hai ataH vaha ava eka kSaNa ke lie bhI kaThora zramaNAcAra kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa| yaha kaha kara usane sAdhu-veza kA parityAga kara diyA aura vaha eka paricita brAhmaNa ke ghara para kAmakAja karane lgaa| vRddha muni ne niraticAra zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karate hue samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kI aura ve saudharmendra ke sAmAnika deva hue| idhara kucha samaya pazcAt brAhmaNa ne usa yuvaka ke sAtha apanI kanyA kA pANigrahaNa karA diyaa| vivAha ke samaya DAkuoM ne brAhmaNa ke ghara para AkramaNa kiyA aura navavivAhita dampatI una DAkuoM dvArA mauta ke ghATa utAra diye ge| zramaNadharma se cyuta bhogalolupa vaha brAhmaNaputra prArtadhyAna se mara kara mahiSa ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| bar3e hone para usa bhaiMse ko eka kara vyakti ne kharIda liyA aura usase bhAra Dhone kA kArya lene lgaa| vaha usa para adhika se adhika bhAra lAdatA aura usa para svayaM baiThakara DaMDoM ke prahAra karatA huaA eka sthAna se dUsa - sthAna para le jaataa| eka bAra grISmakAla kI madhyAhnavelA meM usa bhaise ke svAmI ne usa para atyadhika bhAra lAdA aura usa para yaSTiprahAroM kI bauchAra karatA huyA eka gAMva se dUsare gAMva kI mora bddh'aa| grISma Rtu kI cilacilAtI dhUpa ke kAraNa mArga kI vAla Aga kI taraha jala rahI thii| duvaha bhAra, lagur3a-prahAra, bhISaNa garmI aura pratapta bAlukaraNoM ke kAraNa bhaise kI jihvA bAhara nikala pAI aura vaha Aga kI taraha jalatI haI dharatI para dhar3Ama se gira pdd'aa| bhaiMse ke svAmI ne isa para kruddha ho pUrI zakti ke sAtha yaSTiprahAra prArambha kara diye| bebasa bhaiMsA maraNAsanna sA ho gyaa| saudharma devaloka meM devarUpa se utpanna hue brAhmaNa muni ne mahipa rUpa meM utpanna hue apane putra kI dayanIya dazA dekha kara use pratibodha dene kA nizcaya

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194 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya jambU ke pUrvabhava kiyaa| ve apanA pUrva kA khanta muni.kA veza banAkara mahiSa ke sammukha upasthita hue aura municaryA se dukhita ho unake putra ne jo vAkya kahe the unhIM vAkyoM ko mahiSa ke samakSa bAra-bAra doharAne lage- "khanta ! maiM yaha nahIM kara sakatA, vaha nahIM kara sktaa|" khanta ke svarUpa ko dekhakara mahiSa ne vicAra kiyA- "maiMne aisA svarUpa kahIM dekhA hai aura ye vAkya bhI paricita se pratIta hote haiN|" isa prakAra cintana karate hue mahiSa ko jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gyaa| usa mahiSa ne usa hI kSaNa mana hI mana dezavirati zrAvakadharma dhAraNa kara jIvana bhara ke lie prazana-pAna kA parityAga kara diyaa| kucha hI samaya pazcAt vaha bhaMsA marakara anazana aura zubha adhyavasAyoM ke phalasvarUpa saudharma devaloka meM devarUpa se utpanna huaa|" nAgilA ne prazna kiyA- "mune! isa prakAra tiryaMca yoni meM par3e hue usa brAhmaNaputra kA usake pitA ne uddhAra kiyaa| Azcarya kI bAta hai ki devarUpa se utpanna hue Apake bar3e bhAI bhavadatta ne abhI taka Apako pratibodhita karane kA vicAra taka kyoM nahIM kiyA ?" anta meM nAgilA-zrAvikA ne kahA- "mahAtman ! yaha jIvana jalabudbuda ke samAna dharaNavidhvaMsI hai| yadi Apa zramaraNadharma se vicalita ho gaye to saMsAra meM anantakAla taka paribhramaNa karate rheNge| ataH aba bhI smhlie| apane guru ke pAsa lauTa jAie aura prAyazcitta lekara paMca mahAvratoM kA pUrI taraha se pAlana kIjie / tapa aura saMyama se Apa antatogatvA samasta karmoM kA kSaya kara avazya hI akSaya, avyAbAdha, ananta zivasukha prApta karane meM saphala ho skeNge|" ThIka usI samaya nAgilA ke sAtha AI huI brAhmaNI kA putra vahAM mAyA aura use kisI kAraNa se vamana ho gyaa| thor3I hI dera pahale khAI huI khIra bAlaka ke muMha se bAhara A girii| yaha dekha kara brAhmaNI ne apane putra se kahA"vatsa ! idhara-udhara se cAvala mAMga kara maiMne tere lie bar3e hI cAva se pratyanta svAdu khIra banAI thii| yaha khIra bar3I hI svAdiSTa aura mIThI hai ataH isa vamana kI huI khIra ko tuma punaH khA lo|"" 1 (ka) jAyaM kupro vi kAraNo vamaNaM / bhariNayaM babhaNIe * jAya ! jAiUNa taMdulAiNi mae kano pAyaso eso tA bhujjo vi muMjesu / prai laThaM miTThameyaM ti / [jambUsvAmI carita (ratnaprabhasUricita)] (ba) vasudevahiNDI meM dakSiNA ke lobha se vamana karane kI bAta kahI gaI hai| "eyammi desayAle tIe mAhaNIe dArago pAyasaM muMjiUraNa prAgato bhaNai - ammo! prANeha kolAlaM jAva pAyasaM vamAmi, tato puNo muMjIhaM praIba miTTho, puNo dakSiNA heuM annattha bhuMjAmi / tIe bhariNayaM - putta vaMtaM na bhujei puNo pralaM te dakkhiraNAe, * vacca acchasu suhaMti / [sampAdaka]

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zrArya jambU ke pUrvabhava ] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 195 brAhmaNI kI bAta sunakara muni bhavadeva ne kahA - "dharmazIle! tuma bAlaka ko yaha kyA kaha rahI ho ? vamana kI huI vastu ko khAne vAlA vyakti to atyanta nikRSTa aura ghRNApAtra hotA hai / " isa para nAgilA ne muni ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - " mahAtman ! Apa apane antarmana ko TaTolie ki kahIM prApa bhI vamitabhojI to nahIM banane jA rahe haiM ? kyoMki eka vAra parityakta mere isa mAMsa, majjA, prasthi Adi se bane zarIra ko apane upabhoga meM lene kI abhilASA se Apa yahAM Aye haiM / grApa burA na mAneM to maiM Apase eka bAta pUchU ? ciraparipAlita pravrajyA kA parityAga karane kA jo vicAra grApake mana meM grAyA hai kyA isa bAre meM Apako kiMcitmAtra bhI lajjA kA anubhava nahIM hotA ? yadi lajjA kA anubhava hotA hai to grava grAma bAhyarUpeNa cirakAla taka paripAlita zramaNAcAra kA antarmana se pUrNarUpeNa paripAlana kiijie| jo kutsita vicAra Apake mana meM Aye haiM unake lie prAcArya susthita ke pAsa jAkara prAyazcitta liijie|' nAgilA ke hitaprada evaM bodhapUrNa vacana suna kara bhavadeva ke hRdayapaTala para chAye hue moha ke ghane bAdala tatkSaNa chinna-bhinna ho gae aura usakA ajJAnatimirAcchanna antaHkaraNa jJAna ke divya prakAza se Alokita ho uThA / usane nAgilA ke prati hArdika kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue zAnta nizchala svara meM kahA - " zrAvike ! tumane merI antarcakSutroM ko unmIlita kara diyA hai| tumhAre upadeza se maiMne apane cirapAlita saMyama mArga ko hRdaya se apanA liyA hai / vastutaH tumane mujhe andhakUpa meM girane se bacA liyA hai| tuma merI saccI sahodarA zrI gururaNI tulya ho / tumane mere Upara bar3A upakAra kiyA hai / maiM aba tumhAre kathanAnusAra nirdoSa sAdhudharma kA trikararaNa- triyoga se pAlana karUMgA / ' yaha kaha bhavadeva vahAM se prasthAna kara prAcArya susthita ke pAsa pahu~ce aura apane doSoM ke lie prAyazcitta kara kaThora tapazcaraNa meM nirata ho gaye / aneka varSoM taka zramaraNadharma kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt samAdhipUrvaka kAla kara vaha saudharmendra ke sAmAnika deva hue| idhara nAgilA bhI apanI gururaNI ke pAsa dIkSita ho saMyamadharma kI sAdhanA karatI haI devagati kI adhikAriNI banI / sAgaradatta aura zivakumAra saudharma devaloka kI Ayu pUrNa hone para bhavadatta kA jIva vahAM se cyuta ho mahAvideha kSetrAntargata puSkalAvatI vijaya meM puNDarIkiNI nagarI ke cakravartI samrAT vajradatta kI mahArAnI yazodharA ke garbha meM AyA / garbhakAla meM mahAdevI ko sAgarasnAna kA dohada utpanna huA jise cakravartI vajradatta ne var3e samAroha ke sAtha pUrNa kiyaa| garbhakAla pUrNa hone para mahArAnI ne atyanta manohara evaM zubhalakSaNasampanna putra ko janma diyaa| garbhakAla meM sAgara-snAna ke dohada ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA ne putra kA nAma sAgaradatta rakhA / apanI paramAhlAdakAriNI

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAya jambU ke pUrvabhava bAlalIlAmoM se mAtA-pitA aura parijanoM ke prAnandollAsa ko bar3hAte hue bAlaka ne zaizavAvasthA ko pAra kiyaa| suyogya kalAcAryoM evaM adhyApakoM se bAlaka ne samasta kalAoM aura vidyAoM meM kuzalatA prApta kii| yuvA hone para rAjakumAra sAgaradatta kA aneka sarvAGgasundarI kulIna kanyAoM ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karAyA gyaa| vaha muraramaNiyoM ke samAna rUpavatI patniyoM ke sAtha vividha bhogopabhogoM kA upabhoga karatA huA bar3A hI sukhamaya jIvana bitAne lgaa| eka dina zarada Rtu meM rAjakumAra sAgara apanI patniyoM ke sAtha prAsAda ke jharokhe meM baiThA huA prAkRtika chaTA kA nirIkSaNa kara rahA thaa| usane dekhA ki kSitija ke eka chora se bAdala ubharA aura dekhate hI dekhate usane aisA vizAla rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA ki vaha samasta nabhamaNDala para chA gyaa| samasta ambara saghana kAlI ghanaghaTA se gahaDambara bana gyaa| sahasA dakSiNa-dizA se pavana kA eka jhoMkA pAyA aura kucha hI kSaraNoM meM ghanaghora meghaghaTA chinna-bhinna hokara na mAlUma kahAM vilIna ho gii| rAjakumAra kI vicAradhArA ne isase eka nayA mor3a liyaa| vaha socane lagA - "jisa prakAra bAdaloM kA vaha nayanAbhirAma manohArI dRzya kSaNa bhara meM hI jalabubudu kI taraha zUnya meM vilIna ho gayA, ThIka usI prakAra yaha rAjyalakSmI, aizvarya, bhogopabhoga, sukha ke sAre sAja aura zarIra taka bhI eka na eka dina acAnaka hI naSTa hone vAle haiN| dRzyamAna samasta sAMsArika vastuoM kA bAdala ke samAna vinAza sunizcita hai-avazyaMbhAvI hai| vinAzazIla vastUmoM meM moha vastutaH mahAmUrkhatA kA dyotaka hai| bhogI aura bhogya ye donoM hI kSaNabhaMgura haiN| inameM prAsakti kA artha hai AtmanAza-apanA sarvanAza / bhavabhramaNa bar3hAne vAle ina viSayabhogoM meM lubdha hokara maiMne apane mAnava-jIvana kI lAkhoM amUlya ghar3iyAM vyartha hI bitA dI haiN| aba mujhe sajaga hokara prAtmoddhAra ke lie anavarata prayAsa karanA caahie| vRddhAvasthA isa deha-paMjara ko jarjarita na kara de, usase pahale hI mujhe pravajita hokara apanI prAtmA ke uddhAra-kArya meM juTa jAnA caahie|" / ___isa prakAra cintana karate hue rAjakumAra sAgaradatta ko saMsAra se pUrNa virakti ho gaI aura unhoMne dUsare hI dina apane parivAra ke aneka sadasyoM ke sAtha abhayasAra nAmaka prAcArya ke pAsa bhAgavatI-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| dIkSA lekara unhoMne parama vinIta bhAva se apane prAcArya aura jyeSTha zramaNoM kI lagana ke sAtha sevA kI aura adhyayana karate hue gurukRpA se muni sAgaradatta svalpa samaya meM hI zAstroM ke pAragAmI bana gye| zAstrAdhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne ghora sAmarasa bhI kiyA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa unheM pravadhijJAna kI upalabdhi huii| beapane guru kI sevA aura bhavya prANiyoM kA uddhAra karate hue aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lge| udhara bhavadeva kA jIva bhI.devAyu pUrNa hone para saudharma devaloka se cyavana kara usI puSkalAvatI vijayAntargata bItazokA nagarI ke nRpati pamaratha kI rAnI

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mArya jambU ke pUrvabhava] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 167 vanamAlA kI kukSi se putra rUpa meM utpanna huaa| mAtA-pitA dvArA usakA nAma zivakumAra rakhA gayA / yuvA hone para zivakumAra kA aneka rAjakanyAoM ke sAtha, pANigrahaNa huA aura vaha devopama bhogoM kA upabhoga karane lgaa| eka samaya muni sAgaradatta grAma-nagaroM meM vicarate hue vItazokA' nagarI pdhaare| dharmopadeza ke pazcAt unhoMne mAsopavAsa kA pAraNA eka sArthavAha ke yahAM kiyA / dAna kI mahimA meM AkAza se paMca-divyoM kI vRSTi huii| vasudhArA kI bAta sunakara rAjakumAra zivakumAra bhI darzanArtha muni sAgaradatta kI sevA meM phuNcaa| usane bar3I zraddhA se mUni ko vandana kiyA aura upadeza suna kara prasanna huaa| upadeza ke pazcAt zivakumAra ne muni se pUchA - "zramaNaziromaNe ! mujhe Apako dekhate hI atyadhika harSa aura parama ullAsa kA anubhava kyoM ho rahA hai ? kyA merA Apake sAtha koI pUrvabhava kA sambandha hai ?" ___ muni sAgaradatta ne avadhijJAna se jAna kara kahA - "zivakumAra ! isase pahale ke tIsare bhava meM tuma mere bhavadeva nAmaka anuja the| tumane merA mana rakhane ke lie sadya:pariNItA navavadhu ko chor3akara merI icchAnusAra zramaNatva svIkAra kara liyaa| zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue Ayu pUrNa kara tuma saudharma devaloka meM mahAna Rddhisampanna deva hue| vahAM bhI hama donoM meM paraspara pragAr3ha sneha thaa| una do bhavoM ke snehapUrNa sambandha ke kAraNa Aja bhI tumhAre hRdaya meM mere prati snehasAgara umar3a rahA hai / vItarAgamArga kA pathika hone se mere mana para aba rAga athavA dveSa kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| kyoMki aba maiM saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko prAtmavat samajhatA huuN|" rAjaputra zivakumAra ne harSavibhora ho sAMjali mastaka jhukAyA aura madhura svara meM kahA-"bhagavan ! aApane jo pharamAyA vaha tathya hai| maiM isa bhava meM bhI pravajita ho pApakI paryupAsanA evaM prAtmakalyANa kI sAdhanA karanA cAhatA huuN| maiM apane mAtA-pitA kI prAjJA lekara prabhI bhApakI sevA meM upasthita hotA. huuN|" muni sAgaradatta ne kahA- "devapriya ! zubha kArya meM pramAda nahIM karanA hI zreyaskara hai|" tadanantara zivakumAra ne rAjabhavana meM pahuMca kara mAtA-pitA ke sammukha apanI prAntarika abhilASA prakaTa karate hae kahA- "amba-tAta! maiMne mAja eka avadhijJAnI munIzvara se apane pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAnta sunaa| mujhe saMsAra se pUrNa virakti ho gaI hai| maiM zramaNa bana kara AtmakalyANa karanA cAhatA huuN| ataH Apa mujhe pravRjita hone kI AjJA pradAna kara merI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka bniye|" apane putra kI bAta suna kara mahArAja paparatha aura mahArAnI vanamAlA vajaprahAra se pratAr3ita kI taraha avAk niSaNNa raha gaye ! AMkhoM se azrudhArAeM pravAhita karate hue atyanta karuNa aura dIna svara meM ve bole-"vatsa! tuma

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198 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM jambU ke pUrvabhava hamAre ikalaute putra ho| hamAre liye eka mAtra tuma hI svarga, apavarga, trANa, zaraNa aura prakAzapUrNa kulapradIpa ho| hamAre prANa tumhAre sahAre se hI dehapaMjara meM ruke hue haiN| tuma yaha nizcita samajho ki tumhAre pravajita hote hI hamAre prANa binA nIr3a ke pakSI kI taraha ur3a kara ananta zUnya meM vilIna ho jaayeNge|" bahuta kucha samajhAne-bujhAne aura anunaya-vinaya ke pazcAt bhI jaba zivakumAra ko apane mAtA-pitA se pravajita hone kI anujJA prApta nahIM huI to vaha samasta sAvadya yogoM kA pArityAga kara virakta bhAva se dhIra-gambhIra mudrA dhAraNa kiye rAjaprAsAda meM hI zramaNa kI taraha sthira Asana jamA kara baiTha gyaa| usane hAsa-parihAsa, Amoda-pramoda, khela-kUda, bola-cAla, aura khAna-pAna taka kA parityAga kara diyaa| vaha ekAgracitta ho aMntaHpura ke eka kone meM isa prakAra niliptabhAva se rahane lagA mAno kisI sunasAna biyAvAna nirjana vana meM nivAsa kara rahA ho| mAtA-pitA, parijana, evaM pratiSThita paurajanoM ne zivakumAra ko samajhAne meM kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara nahIM rakhI para saba vyartha / virakti-mArga se kumAra ko koI kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM kara skaa| sabhI prakAra ke upAyoM ke niSphala ho jAne para rAjA padmaratha bar3A ciMtita huaa| usane anta meM dRr3hadharma nAmaka eka atyanta vivekazIla zrAvaka ko bulAyA aura use sArA vRttAnta sunA kara kahA-"zreSThiputra! tuma apane buddhibala se yena-kena-prakAreNa rAjakumAra ko anna-jala grahaNa karane ke liye sahamata kara hameM navajIvana pradAna kro|" ___ "rAjan ! maiM yathAzakti pUrA prayAsa kruuNgaa|" yaha kaha kara zreSThiputra dRr3hadharmA rAjakumAra zivakumAra ke pAsa phuNcaa| "nisIhi" "nisIhi" ke uccAraNa ke sAtha dRr3hadharmA ne rAjakumAra ke pAsa pahuMca kara prAdakSiNA-pradakSiNApUrvaka sAdhunoM ke samAna savidhi vandana kiyaa| tatpazcAt rAjakumAra kI anujJA prApta kara sthAna ko sAvadhAnI se dekha kara dRr3hadharmA zivakumAra ke pAsa baiTha gyaa| rAjakumAra ne yaha saba dekha kara mana hI mana vicAra kiyA ki isa zrAvaka ne mujhe ThIka sAdhu kI taraha namaskAra kyoM kiyA hai ? apanI zaMkA ke nivAraNa hetu usane dRr3hadharmA se pUchA-"zreSThiputra! maiM sAdhu nahIM huuN| phira bhI tumane mujhe sAdhu kI taraha namaskAra kiyA, isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" zreSThipUtra dRDhadharmA ne uttara meM kahA- bhAgyavAna ! zramaNoM ke samAna prApake mAcaraNa ko dekha kara mujhe bar3I prasannatA huI hai| yadyapi isa prakAra vandana-namana muniyoM ko hI kiyA jAnA ucita hai tathApi..samasta sadoSa kAryoM kA parityAga karane ke kAraNa prApa bhAva-yati bana gaye haiM prataH bhApake samAna tyAgiyoM ko bhI usa prakAra namana karanA vinayamUlaka jainadharma ke anusAra anucita nahIM hai|" __ itanA kahane ke pazcAt zrAvaka dRr3hadharmA ne zivakumAra se prazna kiyA"sAdhakazreSTha ! mumukSu rAjakumAra ! prApane prazana-pAna, saMbhASaNAdi kA parityAga kyoM kara diyA hai ?"

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prArya jambU ke pUrvabhava] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 166 ___ zivakumAra ne uttara diyA- "ibhyakumAra ! maine paMca mahAvratoM ke pAlana kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyA hai kintu mere mAtA-pitA mujhe pravajita hone kI AjJA pradAna nahIM karate ataH jaba taka ki ve mujhe anujJA nahIM dete taba taka ke liye bhAvazramaNatva ko dhAraNa kiye maiM ghara meM hI raha rahA huuN| maiM sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya-karma ke parityAga kI pratijJA kara cukA huuN| aisI dazA meM maiM sadoSa azana, vasana, pAnAdi grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA aura na ina svajana-parijanoM ke sAtha saMbhASaNa hI kara sakatA huuN| zreSThipUtra dRr3hadharmA ne zivakumAra ke vairAgya kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA"kumAra ! sAdhanAmArga meM prApakA dRr3ha nizcaya vastutaH stutya hai para isa prakAra anazana karanA to unhIM mahApuruSoM ke liye lAbhaprada ho sakatA hai jo ki kRtakRtya ho cuke haiN| Apa to sAdhaka haiN| karmanirjarA hetu Apa apane bhAvacAritra kA . nirvahana prazana-pAnAdi ke parihAra se to adhika samaya taka nahIM kara skeNge| anna-jala ke binA to zarIra kucha hI samaya meM vinaSTa ho jaaygaa| yadi Apa Avazyaka mAtrA meM prazana-pAnAdi grahaNa karate raheMge to cirakAla taka saMyama kA paripAlana kara karmasamUha ko vinaSTa karane meM adhikAdhika saphala ho skeNge| prataH Apake liye yahI zreyaskara hai ki jaba taka mAtA-pitA prApako pravajita hone kI anujJA pradAna na kareM taba taka niravadya azana-pAnAdi AvazyakatAnusAra grahaNa karate hue apane ghara meM hI raha kara sAdhu tulya jIvana vyatIta kreN|" zivakumAra ne kahA-"suzrAvakaH ! Apa jo kaha rahe haiM, vaha ThIka hai kintu yahAM rAjaprAsAda meM rahate hue prAzuka azana-pAna-vasanAdi kA milanA asaMbhava samajha kara hI maiMne ina saba kA parityAga kiyA hai|" dRr3hadharmA ne kahA-"Apa isake liye nizcinta raheM / maiM yathAsamaya pUrNarUpeNa prAzuka AhAra-pAnI-vastrAdi bhikSA se prApta kara mApako detA rahUMgA aura mApa jaise sAdhutulya mahApuruSa kI eka vinIta ziSya kI taraha sabhI prakAra se sevA karatA rhuuNgaa|" ___isa para zivakumAra ne apanI sahamati prakaTa karate hue evaM apane pratikaThora abhigraha se dRr3hadharmA ko paricita karAte hue kahA- "zrAvakottama ! Apa mere hita meM yaha prAvazyaka samajhate haiM ki maiM prazana-pAna grahaNa karatA rahUM, to maiM jIvana paryaMta chaTThabhakta kI tapasyA karatA rahUMgA bhora tapa ke pAraNe ke dina bhI prAcAmla prata kruuNgaa|" __isa prakAra zivakumAra aura zrAvaka dRr3hadharmA ne paraspara eka dUsare kA kahanA mAna liyA aura ve donoM apanI-apanI pratijJAnusAra kArya meM nirata ho gye| rAjaprAsAda meM rahate hue bhI zivakumAra ne nispRhabhAva se eka mahAzramaNa kI taraha bAraha varSa taka ghora tapazcaraNa kiyA aura aMta meM paNDita-maraNa se prAyu pUrNa kara vaha pAMcaveM brahma devaloka meM brahmendra ke samAna daza sAgaropama kI bhAyu vAle mahardika aura mahAn tejasvI vidyunmAlI nAmaka deva ke rUpa meM utpanna humaa| vahAM

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20. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya jammU ke pUrvabhava vaha atizaya rUpa sampanna pramarasundariyoM ke sAtha anaka prakAra ke divya bhogo kA upabhuMjana karatA humA atyanta sukhamaya jIvana vyatIta karane lgaa| apanI deviyoM ke sAtha jinendra bhagavAn ke samavasaraNa meM jAkara vaha prabhu kI amRtopama amogha vANI ke zravaNa kA bhI AnandAnubhava karane lgaa|" trikAlajJa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne magadha samrAT zreNika ko isa prakAra Arya jambU ke cAra pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAnta sunA kara pharamAyA- "magadheza! yaha vahI bhavadeva kA jIva vidyunmAlI deva hai| Aja se sAtaveM dina yaha devAyu kI samApti kara isI rAjagRha nagara ke zreSThimukhya RSabhadatta kI patnI dhAriNI ke garbha meM avatarita hogaa| garbhakAla kI samApti para dhAriNI ise putra rUpa meM janma degI aura isakA nAma jambUkumAra rakhA jAyagA / jambUkumAra vivAhita hokara bhI prakhaNDa brahmacArI rahegA aura vivAha ke pazcAt dUsare hI dina vipula dhana-sampatti kA parityAga kara apanI sadyaHpariNItA pAThoM patniyoM, apane aura una patniyoM ke mAtA-pitA, pallIpati prabhava aura prabhava ke 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha pravajita hogaa| jambUkumAra isa avasarpiNI kAla meM bharata kSetra kA antima kevalI aura caramazarIrI muktigAmI hogaa| usake mokSagamana ke pazcAt bharata kSetra se isa avasarpiNIkAla meM aura koI mukta nahIM hogaa|" isa para zreNika ne bhagavAn se pUchA- "prabho! devAyu kI samApti kA samaya sannikaTa Ane para devoM ke zarIra kI kAnti aksara tejovihIna ho jAtI hai para isake viparIta vidyunmAlI deva kA zarIra atyanta tejasvitApUrNa aura parama kamanIya pratIta ho rahA hai / aisA kyoM ? isakA kyA kAraNa hai?" __ prabhu ne pharamAyA - "prAcAmla tapa ke prabhAva se vidyunmAlI ke zarIra kI kAnti isa samaya jaisI tuma dekha rahe ho usase lakSa-lakSa gunI adhika kamanIya aura tejapUrNa thii| devAyu pUrNa hone kA samaya samIpa.mA jAne se vaha kAnti aba bahuta kama ho gaI hai|" bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se vidyunmAlI deva ke bhUta aura bhAvI bhavoM kA vRttAnta sunakara rAjarSi prasannacandra kA kevala-jJAnotsava manAne ke pazcAt prabhu darzanoM ke lie AyA huA anAdhRta deva harSAtireka se prAnanda vibhora ho apane sthAna se utthaa| usane tIna bAra pradakSiNA kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bar3I hI zraddhA-bhaktipUrvaka vandana kiyA aura madhura svara meM kahane lagA- "aho! dhanya hai merA uttama kula / " ' evaM ca bhayavano sojaNa bayaNaM -praNADiyo jaMbUdIvAhivaI ...........tivihaM vaMdiUraNa, mAphoDeUNa, mahureNa saddeNa - "aho mama kulaM uttamaM ti / [vasudeva hiMDI, prazrama graMza, pRSTha 25]

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prAya jambU ke pUrva bhava] kevalikAla : Arya jambU __ anAdhRta deva ke uparokta vacana suna kara samrAT zreriNaka ne Azcarya bhare svara meM bhagavAn se pUchA - "prabho! yaha deva apane Antarika AnandollAsa ko prakaTa karate hue apane kula kI kisa kAraNa prazaMsA kara rahA hai ? isakA vaha kaunasA kula hai aura yahAM usakI prazaMsA kA kyA prasaMga hai ?" bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- "magagheza! yaha jambUdvIpa kA adhipati 'anAdhRta' nAmaka deva hai| yaha apane devabhava se pahale ke bhava meM isI rAjagRha nagara ke guptimati nAmaka zreSThI kA 'jinadAsa' nAmaka choTA putra thaa| jinadAsa ke bar3e bhAI kA nAma 'RSabhadatta' hai jisakA Aja bhI rAjagRha nagara ke samRddha zrImantoM meM pramukha sthAna hai| sadAcArasampanna hone ke kAraNa RSabhadatta to sarvatra sammAnita hone lagA kintu usakA choTA bhAI jinadAsa madyapI, vezyAgAmI aura jupArI bana gyaa| RSabhadatta dvArA aneka prakAra se samajhAne-bujhAne para bhI jaba jinadAsa ne durvyasanoM kA parityAga nahIM kiyA to taMga Akara RSabhadatta ne apane prAtmIyoM, parijanoM aura paricitoM ko yaha jJApita kara jinadAsa kA parityAga kara diyA - "aneka durvyasanoM se grasta jinadAsa Aja se na to merA bhAI hai aura na aba usake sAtha merA kisI prakAra kA sambandha hai|" itanA saba kucha hote hae bhI jinadAsa apanI barI AdatoM kA parityAga karane ke sthAna para aura adhika durvyasanoM kA sevana karane lgaa| eka dina jinadAsa senA ke eka ucca adhikArI ke sAtha dyUtakrIr3A meM nirata thaa| dyUta meM hAra-jIta kI dhanarAzi ke sambandha meM jinadAsa ne kucha AnAkAnI kI isa para senAdhikArI ne kruddha ho usa para ghAtaka hamalA kara diyaa| jinadAsa zastraprahAra se Ahata hokara vahIM gira pdd'aa| RSabhadatta ne jaba bhAI ke ghAyala hone kI bAta sunI to vaha usake pAsa phuNcaa| bhAI ko dekhakara ghAyala jinadAsa ko apane duSkRtyoM para bar3A pazcAttApa huaa| usane RSabhadatta ke caraNoM para apanA zira rakha diyA aura usase kSamA-prArthanA karate hue vaha nirAza evaM karuNa svara meM bolA- "bhaiyA ! aba maiM paraloka ke lie prayANa karane vAlA huuN| mujhe ApakA kahA na mAnane aura durvyasanoM meM nirata rahane kA bar3A duHkha hai| aba antima samaya meM Apa mujhe dharma kA upadeza dekara merA lokAntara sudhArane meM merI kucha sahAyatA kiijiye|" apane bhAI ko maraNAsanna dekha kara RSabhadatta ne use dhairya dilAte hue AjIvana caturvidha AhAra aura prArambha-parigraha Adi kA tyAga karAte hue paMcaparameSTi-namaskAra mahAmantra kA pATha sunAnA prArambha kiyaa| zubha pariNAma evaM namaskAra mahAmantra ke prabhAva se jinadAsa mRtyu ke pazcAt jambUdvIpa kA adhipati deva humaa|" ___ "mere bar3e bhAI kA putra bharata kSetra se isa avasarpiNIkAla meM antima kevalI aura muktigAmI hogA" - yaha jAnakara ise atyadhika prasannatA huii| isI kAraNa isane pAnandavibhora hokara apane kula kI prazaMsA kI hai|"

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202 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM jambU ke pUrvabhava trikAladarzI tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukha se vidyunmAlo ke pUrvabhavoM aura bhAvI-bhava kA vRttAnta suna kara sabane prabhu ko namana kiyA aura ve apane 2 sthAna kI ora lauTa gaye / usa deva kI cAroM deviyoM ne kevalI prasannacandra rAjarSi ko sAMjali zIza jhukAte hue atyanta vinamra evaM saMbhrama bhare svara meM pUchA - "deva ! kRpA kara hameM bhI batAiye ki suraloka kI Ayu pUrNa kara hama cAroM kahAMkahAM utpanna hoMgI? vidyunmAlI deva se vichoha ho jAne para kyA punaH hamArA unase saMyoga hogA?" rAjarSi ne pharamAyA - "deviyo! tuma cAroM svarga se cyavana kara isI rAjagraha nagara ke nivAsI vaizramaraNa, dhanada, kubera tathA sAgaradatta nAmaka samRddhizAlI zreSThiyoM ke yahAM putriyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hoogii| vahAM jambU kumAra ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiye hue isa deva ke jIva ke sAtha tuma cAroM kA pANigrahaNa saMskAra hogaa| jambUkumAra ke sAtha-sAtha tuma bhI pravrajyA grahaNa karogI aura saMyama kI samyak rUpeNa sAdhanA kara tuma cAroM Ayu pUrNa hone para greveyakoM meM deva rUpa se utpanna hovogii|" kevalI prasannacandra se yaha sunakara ki bhAvI-bhava meM bhI unakA paraspara viyoga nahIM hogA - deviyAM bar3I prasanna huiiN| unhoMne zraddhAvanata ho muni ko namana kiyA aura ve saba svarga kI ora lauTa gaIM / prArya jamba ke mAtA-pitA dhana-jana aura sadguNa-samRddha magadha rAjya kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha nagara jina dinoM unnati ke uccatama zikhara para ArUDha thA, una dinoM magadha samrATa mahArAja zreNika bimbasAra magadha para zAsana karate the| zreNika bar3e dharmaniSTha, nyAyapriya evaM lokapriya nareza the| rAjagRha nagara meM RSabhadatta nAma ke eka ati samRddha ibhya (zreSThI) rahate the| unake pAsa unake pUrvapuruSoM dvArA nyAya se upArjita vipula sampatti thii| vaha bar3e dayAlu, dRr3ha pratijJa, dAnazIla, dakSa, vinayI aura vidvAn the| patnI kA nAma dhAriNI thA jo vizuddha zIlAlaMkAra se alaMkRta aura niSkalaMka evaM svaccha sphaTika maNi ke samAna nirmala svabhAva vAlI thii| zreSThI RSabhadatta aura unakI patnI dhAriNI kA jina-zAsana ke prati bar3A anurAga thaa| ve aihika bhogoM kA upabhoga karate hue bar3e saMtoSa se gRhastha jIvana bitA rahe the| sabhI dRSTiyoM se sampanna hote hue bhI saMtati ke abhAva meM ve donoM sadA ciMtita rahate the| ibhya-patnI dhAriNI ko nissaMtAna hone kA bahuta bar3A duHkha thaa| vaha yadA-kadA isa zoka se saMtapta ho mana hI mana vicAra kiyA karatI ki una striyoM kA surasundariyoM ke samAna anupama rUpa-lAvaNya, saundarya paura lakSmI ke samAna akSaya vaibhava evaM sukhopabhoga kI vipula sAmagrI kisa kAma kI, jinakI kukSi se eka bhI saMtati kA janma nahIM huaa| jina dinoM ibhya patnI dhAriNI aharniza isa prakAra kI cintA meM ghula rahI thI unhIM dinoM eka samaya

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prAya jambU ke mAtA-pitA] kevalikAla : prAyaM jambU 203. bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paMcama gaNadhara Arya sudharmA kA vaibhAragirI para padArpaNa huA / rAjagRha nagara ke nara-nAriyoM ke samUha mArya sudharmA ke darzanArtha vaibhAragirI kI ora umar3a pdd'e| zreSThI RSabhadatta bhI apanI patnI dhAriNI ke sAtha sudharmA ke darzanArtha vaibhAragirI kI ora prasthita hue| mArga meM unheM jasamitra nAmaka eka nimittajJa zrAvaka mile jo RSabhadatta ke parama mitra the| nimittajJa jasamitra ne kSema kuzala ke samAcAroM ke AdAna-pradAna ke anantara RSabhadatta se pUchA - "mitrarAja bhAbhI kA mukha pragAr3ha cintA se saMtaptA ke samAna zyAmala kisa kAraNa ho rahA hai ?" "tuma hI apanI bhAbhI se pUcha lo" - RSabhadata ke mukha se apane prazna kA yaha uttara sunakara 'jasamitra' ne dhAriNI se usakI cintA kA kAraNa puuchaa| dhAriNI ne apanI Antarika cintA ko haMsI kI aoTa meM chapAne kA prayAsa karate hue kahA - "devara ! tumhArA nimittajJAna bar3A adbhuta hai| yaha kaisI nimittajJatA ki pUchane para hI tumheM dUsare ke mana kI vAta vidita hotI hai ? isa prakAra to pratyeka vyakti apane pApako nimittajJa kahalA sakatA hai| mere mana kI bAta tuma apane nimittajJAna se vicAra kara hI vatAo taba maiM samajhU ki vAstava meM merA devara nimittajJa hai|" apanI priya kalA para parihAsa ke tIkhe prahAra se jasamitra kA antarmana sahasA tar3apa utthaa| apane nimitajJAna kA camatkAra batAne kI jasa mitra ke mana meM eka prabala lahara utthii| kucha hI kSaNoM ke gaNana-cintana ke pazcAt usane bar3I dRr3hatApUrvaka gambhIra svara meM kahA "bhAbhI ! * Apa putravatI nahIM haiM ataH uttama putra ko janma dene kI abhilASA liye aApakA citta rAtadina pragAr3ha cintA se saMtapta rahatA hai| siddhipradAyaka zakuna ho rahA hai / ava ApakA manoratha saphala hone vAlA hai| ApakI kukSi se eka mahAn pratApI putra kA janma hogA, jo hamAre isa bharata kSetra kA antima kevalI hogaa| Apa svapna meM eka mUchoM vAle siMha ko zIghra hI dekheNgii| usase Apako mere kathana para aura apanI kArya-siddhi para vizvAsa ho jaaygaa| bhAbhI ! Apake isa kArya meM eka choTA sA aMtarAya-vighna avazya hai, vaha kisI devatA kI ArAdhanA se dUra ho sakatA hai| para vaha deva kauna sA hai yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa|" jasamitra dvArA kI gaI bhaviSyavANI ko sunakara harSAtireka se ibhyapatnI dhAriNI kA mana-mayUra nAca utthaa| vaha jasamitra se bAteM karatI huI Rzabhadatta ke sAtha upavana meM pahu~cI jahAM sudharmA svAmI virAjamAna the / RSabhadatta jasamitra aura dhArigI ne zraddhAvanana ho bhaktipUrvaka sudharmA svAmI ko vandana-namana kiyA aura tatpazcAt yathAsthAna baiThakara sudharmA svAmI kA upadeza sunane lge| upadeza zravaNa karate gamaya dhArigagI ne mana hI mana sudharmA mvAmI se pUchane kA vicAra kiyA ki ume putra prApti meM ho rahI alagaya ko dUra karane ke lie kisa deva ko

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204 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM jambU ke mA0-pi. anukUla karanA caahiye| usI samaya sudharmA svAmI ne vaha sArA vRttAnta sunAyA ki kisa prakAra RSabhadatta kA choTA bhAI marate samaya 'paMcaparameSTi-namaskAramaMtra ke pratApa se jambUdvIpa kA adhipati anAdhRta deva bnaa| dhAriNI ne apane antara meM uThe prazna kA ise uttara smjhaa|' sudharmA svAmI kI dezanA ke anantara Rpabhadatta apanI patnI dhAriNI ke sAtha apane ghara lauTa aayaa| dhAriNI ne anAdhRtadeva ke sAtha apane parivAra kA atyanta sannikaTa kA sambandha hone ke kAraNa usakI ArAdhanA prArambha kii| dhAriNI ne jambUdvIpAdhipati deva ke nAma para 108 prAcAmla vrata kiye| jaisAki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne magadhapati zreNika ke prazna ke uttara meM batAyA thA - usa dina se ThIka sAtaveM dina vidyunmAlI deva brahmaloka se cyavana kara RSabhadatta kI patnI dhArigaNI ke garbha meM avatarita hyaa| rAtri ke antima caraNa meM arddha-jAgRtAvasthA meM soI huI dhAriNI ne svapna meM mRgarAjakizora evaM sundara, sarasa-sugandhita jambUphala Adi ko dekhaa|' 1 munivara guNapAla racita jambUcariyaM meM - "bhagavaM / kiM mama putto hohI nava ti ?" isa rUpa meM svayaM dhAriNI dvArA sudharmA svAmI ke sammukha prazna upasthita karane tathA jasamitra dvArA uttara dene kA ullekha hai / isameM batAyA gayA hai ki jasamitra ne dhAriNI se kahA - "aho zrAvike ! zramaNa nigraMtha jAnate hue bhI isa prakAra ke sAvadha praznoM kA uttara nahIM dete| maiM tumhAre prazna kA uttara detA huuN| tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, prAcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, baladeva, vAsudeva tathA jambUdvIpa samudra Adi kI carcA ke pazcAt yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ataH nizcita rUpa se tuma mahAbhAgyavAn putra ko janma dogii| svapna meM jambUphala ko dekhane ke pazcAt tumheM merI bAta para vizvAsa ho jaaygaa|" [sampAdaka] 2 (ka) bhayavaM ! jai imaM evaM, tA. ahaM jambUdevayAe nAmeNa aThuttarasayaM aMbilANaM kAhAmi [jambucariyaM, guNapAla, pR0 56] (kha) sayamahottaramAyaMbilANa manneI dhAriNI dhIrA / sirijaMbudevayAe, taha tannAmeNa suyanAmaM / / 166 // jaMbucaritra, ratnaprabhamUri (ka) "magahApure usabhadatto nAma ibho dhAriNI nAma bhAriyA ....."sA kayAi sayaNagayA suttaM - jAgarA paMca sumiNe pAsittA paDibuddhA, taM jahA - vidhUmaM huyavahaM 1, paumasaraM viyasiya - kamalakumudakuvalayaujjalaM 2, phalabhAranamiyaM ca sAlivaNaM 3, gayaM ca galita - jalavalAhakapaMDuraM samusiyacauvisANaM 4, jaMbuphalAgi ya vaNNarasagaMdhovaveyAriNa 5 ti / (vasudevahiNDI, prathamo'za, pR0 2) tathA : [kalpAntarvAcyAni, patra 41-48, (hastalikhita, saMvat 1566) alavara bhaMDAra] (kha) sA annayA kayAI pacchimajAmaMmi pecchae mumiraNaM / sIhaM saraM samudda dAmaM jalaNaM ca jambuphale / / (jambucariyaM, guNapAla] (ga) aha mayarAyakisoraM, seyaM mumiNami pAsiUNesA / ___ paDibuddhA gantUgaNaM, taM mAhai usabhadattassa / / 171 / / / (jabucarita ratnaprabhamUri)

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mArya jambU ke mAtA-pitA] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 205 svapna dekhane ke tatkAla pazcAt dhAriNI jaga uThI aura pati ke pAsa jAkara atIva prasanna mudrA meM apane svapna kA hAla sunAte hue bolI- "prANanAtha ! devara jasamitra ke kathanAnusAra maiMne svapna meM kesarIsiMha ko dekhA hai| aba mujhe pakkA vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki hamArI ciMrAbhilaSita manokAmanA pUrNa hogii| andhe ko do AMkheM mila jAne para jisa prakAra kI prasannatA hotI hai usI prakAra kI prasannatA RSabhadatta ko huI aura usane kahA - "devI ! jaisA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pharamAyA thA, tuma vaise hI mahApratApI putra ko janma dogii|'' dhAriNI bar3e hI pramoda ke sAtha garbha ko dhAraNa karatI huI apane Apako dhanya samajhane lgii| garbhakAla meM dhAriNI ko dInadukhiyoM ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane evaM zramaNa-nigraMthoM ko prazana-pAnAdi se pratilAbhita karane Adi ke aneka dohada utpanna hue| RSabhadatta aura dhAriNI ne muktahasta se apAra dhanarAzi vyaya kara una dohadoM kI bar3e harSollAsa ke sAtha pUrti kii| anukrama se jyoM-jyoM garbha bar3hane lagA tyoM-tyoM garbhagata mahApuNyazAlI pANI ke prabhAva se zreSThipatnI dhAriNI kI dharma ke prati abhiruci uttarottara bar3hane lgii| ___ garbhakAla ke paripakva hone para dhAriNi ne eka mahAtejasvI putraratna ko janma diyaa| navajAta zizu kA varga karigakAra kusuma kI kesara ke samAna aura zarIra kI kAnti bAlasUrya ke samAna kamanIya thii| putra-janma kI khuzI meM seTha RSabhadatta ke bhavya bhavana meM harSollAsa kA sukhada vAtAvaraNa vyApta ho gyaa| maMgalagItoM aura vividha vAdyavRndoM kI karNapriya dhunoM se gaganamaNDala guMjarita ho utthaa| laya aura tAla para nRtya ke sAtha-sAtha maMgala gAna gAtI haI kokilakaThinI suravadhUpama sundariyoM ke nUpuroM kI jhaMkAroM aura gukomala kaMThAravoM se mAdakatA mukharita ho utthii| zreSThivara RSabhadatta ne apane anucaroM, vandIjanoM, yAcakoM evaM dIna-darIdroM ko dila khola kara itanA dravya luTAyA ki unakA dAridrya sadA ke lie dUra ho gyaa| usane apane sambandhI evaM svajanoM ko bhI dravyAlaMkArAdi se sammAnita evaM saMtuSTa kiyaa| bAraha dina taka bar3e hI ThATa-bATa ke sAtha grahaniza maMgala mahotsava manAye gye| eka zubha dina evaM zubha muhUrta meM viziSTa mamAroha ke sAtha zizu kA nAmakaraNa kiyA gyaa| parijanoM evaM paricitoM ko parama svAdiSTa par3arama bhojana se tRpta karane ke pazcAt putra kA nAmakaraNa kiyA gyaa| mAtA dvArA svapna meM jambUphala dekhane aura jumbadvIpAdhipati ' tegA vi bhagiyA - pahAgo te puno bhavissani jahA vAgariyo / ___- vasudeva hiDI, pra0 graMza, pR0 2.3 2 samuppannoya se dohalo jiggAsAhapUyAe soya vibhava gro sammAgiyo / -vahI, pR03

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206 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [Arya jambU ke mA0-pi. anAdhRta deva kI kRpA eva sAnidhya ke kAraNa sarva lakSaNa-sampanna putra kA nAma jambU rakhA gyaa| vidyunmAlI deva ke brahmaloka se dhAriNI ke garbha meM pAne ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt usakI cAroM deviyAM bhI apanI-apanI devI-Ayu pUrNa kara rAjagRha nagara ke prati samRddha zreSThiyoM ke yahAM putriyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| una cAroM kanyAoM aura unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma isa prakAra haiM :putrI kA nAma pitA kA nAma mAtA kA nAma 1. samudrazrI samRdrapriya padmAvatI 2. padmazrI samudradatta kamalamAlA 3. padmasenA sAgaradatta vijayazrI 4. kanakasenA kuberadatta jayazrI lagabhaga unhIM dinoM cAra anya kanyAnoM ne bhI rAjagaha ke sampanna kuloM meM janma grahaNa kiyaa| unake tathA unake mAtA-pitA ke nAma isa prakAra haiM :putrI kA nAma pitA kA nAma mAtA kA nAma 5. nabhasenA kuberasena kamalAvatI 6. kanakazrI zramaNadatta suSeraNA 7. kanakavatI vasuSeNa vIramatI 8. jayazrI vasupAlita jayasenA jambUkumAra jisa samaya dhAriNI ke garbha meM Aye usI dina se zreSThivara RSabhadatta kI samRddhi evaM sammAna kI uttarottara abhivRddhi hotI gii| jisa prakAra kalpavRkSa kA paudhA kramaza: vRddhigata hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra pAMca nipuNa dhAtriyoM kI sAra-samhAla evaM dekha-rekha meM bAlaka jambukumAra bar3hane lge| __yogya prAyu hone para bAlaka jambukumAra ke liye suyogya kalAcArya ke sAnnidhya meM zikSA kI vyavasthA kI gaI / kuzAgra buddhi jambukumAra ne dattacitta ho pUrNa vinaya ke sAya apane suyogya prAcArya ke pAsa zikSA prApta kI aura yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karane se pahale hI samasta vidyAnoM aura kalAnoM meM dakSatA prApta kara lii| jambukumAra ke sAtha uparivaNita pATha zreSThi kanyAoM ne bhI yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa kiyaa| jambukumAra kI ati kamanIya saumya mukhAkRti unake dayAlutA, 1 (ka) kayajAya kammassa ya se jaMbuphalalAbha - jaMbudIvAdhipatikayasannejhanimittaM kayaM nAma 'jabu' tti / - vasudeva hiNDI, pra0 graMza, pR0 3 (kha) mahayA mahasaveNaM, se nAma nimpiyaM suha muhutte / ____ dinno jambU devega jaMbugNAmotti to hou / / 176 / jambUcaritra (upadeza mAlA, doghaTTi se samuddhRta)

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207 prArya jambU ke mAtA-pitA kevalikAla : prArya jambU dUradarzitA Adi aneka anupama sadguNoM kI abhivyakti kara rahI thii| pragAr3ha pUrvasambandha ke kAraNa jambukumAra kI yazogAthAeM sunate hI prAMThoM zreSThi kanyAoM ne jambukumAra ko patirUpeNa varaNa karane kA mana hI mana aTala nizcaya kara liyaa| sakhI-saheliyoM ke mAdhyama se apanI putriyoM kI Antarika abhilASAoM ke jJAta hote hI pAThoM bAlAoM ke mAtA-pitA ne parama harSa kA anubhava karate hue jambu. kumAra ke mAtA-pitA ke pAsa unake ikalaute putra jambukumAra ke sAtha apanI putriyoM ke vivAha-prastAva rakhe / RSabhadatta aura dhAriNI ne bhI unake usa prastAva ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa| jambU ko virakti unhIM dinoM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke divya saMdeza ko grAmoM, nagaroM tathA janapadoM meM pahuMcAte hae evaM mamakSa bhavya prANiyoM ke antarmana ko praphullita karate hue Arya suvarmA apane zramaraNasaMgha ke sAtha rAjagRha nagara ke guraNazIla caitya meM padhAre / sudharmA svAmI ke Agamana kA zubha saMvAda sunate hI jambukumAra ke harSa kA pArAvAra na rhaa| ve eka zIghragAmI evaM dhArmika avasarocita ratha para prArUDha ho sudharmA svAmI kI sevA meM phuNce| unhoMne sudharmA svAmI ko agAdha zraddhA aura paramAbhakti se vidhiyukta vandana-namana kiyA aura dharmapariSad meM yathAsthAna baiTha gye| amRta kI dhanaghaTA se jisa prakAra amRtavarSA kI hI apekSA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra arhat bhagavAn ke samAna samasta tatvoM kI vizad vyAkhyA karane vAle prArya sudharmA ne dharmapariSad ko uddiSTa kara AdhyAtmika upadeza denA prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne apanI dezanA meM jIva, ajIva, puNya-pApa, prAsrava, baMdha, saMvara nirjarA tathA mokSa ke svarUpa kA saba ke liye bodhaprada vizad vivecana kiyA / mAnavabhava kI mahattA batAte hue unhoMne pharamAyA- "bhavyo ! vizvahitaiSI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezAnusAra pAcaraNa karake bhavya prANI bhavasAgara ko pAra karane meM saphala ho sakate haiM / ataH mAnava mAtra ko isa prApta avasara kA lAbha uThAnA caahiye| AdhyAtmika jJAna ke abhAva meM mAnava bhautika eSaNAmoM ke pIche aharniza bhAgatA hai aura bhava sAgara meM Arthika hAni-lAbha ke utAra-car3hAvoM ke kAraNa uThI uttuMga taraMgoM kI thaper3eM khAtA huA ananta kAla taka bhavabhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| kAma bhogoM ke kSaNika evaM dukhAMta kAlpanika sukha meM lubdha mAnava yaha nahIM socatA ki pavana ke prabala jhoMkoM se jhakajhorita vRkSoM se tar3Atar3a jhar3ate hue pattoM kI taraha prANiyoM kA jIvana kSaNika aura anizcita hai| vAdala meM se jisa prakAra pAnI tIvra vega se jharatA hai usI prakAra mAnava kI Ayu pratikSaNa kSINa hotI jA rahI hai| jo priyajanoM kA saMyoga hai vaha vastutaH viyogAnta hai aura lakSmI vijalI kI camaka ke samAna kSaNika, caMcala evaM asthira hai| buddhimAna mAnava vahI haiM jo Ayu, yauvana, kAmabhoga, lakSmI evaM zarIra ko kSaNa vidhvaMsI samajha kara samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyakacAritra rUpI ratnatrayI ko grahaNa kara inakI samyakarUpegA ArAdhanA-pAlanA karate hue ananta, avyAvAdha, zAzvata zivasukha kI prApti hetu

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208 -- jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [jambU ko virakti dRr3ha nizcaya ke sAtha prayatnazIla rahate haiN| jo prANI isa vAstavikatA ko na. samajha kara athavA samajhate hue bhI moha ke bandhanoM se jakar3e hue raha kara pramAda evaM Alasya ke vazIbhUta ho apanI prAdhyAtmika unnati ke kArya meM akarmaNya rahate haiM, ve isa bhayAvaha vikaTa bhavATavI meM sadA sarvadA asahAyAvasthA meM bhISaNa evaM dAruNa du.khoM ko bhogate hue bhaTakate rahate haiN|" Arya sudharmA svAmI ke isa hRdayasparzI upadeza ko sunakara jambUkumAra kA hRdaya vairAgya se otaprota ho gyaa| apane antara meM asIma AtmatoSa kA anubhava karate hue ve Arya sudharmA ke samIpa Aye aura savidhi vandana ke sAtha Arya sudharmA ke pAvana caraNoM meM apanA zIza rakhate hue ati vinIta svara meM bole-"svAmin ! maiMne Apase sacce dharma kA svarUpa sunA / mujhe vaha bar3A rucikara aura Anandaprada lgaa| Apake dvArA batAye gae dharma ke svarUpa para mere hRdaya meM pragAr3ha zraddhA utpanna huI hai| maiM aba apane mAtA-pitA se prAjJA prApta kara Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa meM dIkSita ho pAtma kalyANa karanA cAhatA hai|" Arya sudharmA ne kahA - "saumya ! jisase tumheM sukha ho, vahI kArya karo, zubha kArya meM vilamba karanA ucita nhiiN|" jambukumAra ne Arya sudharmA ko praNAma kiyA aura rathArUr3ha ho ve drutagati se apane bhavana kI grora lautte| nagara ke dvAra para aneka rathoM, yAnoM aura vAhanoM kI bhIr3a dekha kara vilamba kI aAzaMkA se sAthI ko dUmare dvAra se nagara meM praveza karane kA aAdeza diyaa| sArathI ne 'jo grAnA' kaha kara zIghra hI ratha ko mor3akara nagara ke dUsare dvAra kI ora bar3hA diyaa| ati ghora pratijJA zatruoM kA saMhAra karane ke lie usa dvAra para majabUta rammoM se milAeM, zataghnI, kAlacakra prAdi saMhAraka zastra. laTakAye hue the| jambukumAra ne unako dUra se hI dekha kara mana hI mana socA - "ina zastroM meM se yadi kadAcina eka bhI zastra mere ratha para gira jAe to binA vrata grahagA kira hI merI mRtyu manizcita hai aura maiM durgati kA adhikArI ho sakatA haM / '' isa prakAra kA vicAra aAte hI jamvRkumAra ne gugANIla canya ko aura ratha lauTAne kA mArathI ko grAdeza diyaa| "yathAjJApayati deva ! ' kaha kara mArathI ne bhI rAsoM ke saMketa me gtha ko ghumAyA gaura grANugAmI azva ratha ko lie gugAzIla netya kI aora sarapaTa na le| kucha hI kSamgoM meM gtha upavana ke dvAra para jA skaa| jambakumAra ratha me utara kara grArya mRdharmA kI sevA meM pahane aura mavidhi vandana ke pazcAt unhoMne nivedana kiyA - "bhagavan ! maiM grAjIvana bahAnayaMta grahagA karanA nAhatA huuN| ' kalpAnavAcyAni, patra 41-88 (hamnaligita). anavara bhagaTAra

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prati ghora pratijJA kevalikAla : prArya jambU 206 jambukumAra kI prArthanA para Arya sudharmA ne bhI unheM jIvana paryanta brahmacArI rahane kA vrata grahaNa krvaayaa| vrata grahaNa ke pazcAt jambukumAra ne punaH bar3I zraddhA se Arya sudharmA ko praNAma kiyA aura ratha meM baiThakara apane ghara phuNce| mAtA-pitA ke samakSa pravajita hone kA prastAva apane vizAla bhavana ke prAMgaNa meM pahu~cate hI jambukumAra ratha se utara kara sIdhe apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa phuNce| mAtA-pitA ko praNAma kara jambukumAra ne unase nivedana kiyA - "amba tAta! maiMne Aja Arya sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prarUpita sArabhUta dharmopadeza sunaa|" / ___mAtA dhAriNI ne apane prANa priya putra jambU kI balayAM lete hue snehasikta svara meM kahA - "vatsa ! tuma parama bhAgyazAlI ho ki tumane aise mahAn dharma-dhurINa dharmopadezaka ke darzana, vandana-namana evaM upadezazravaNa se apane netroM, zira, karNarandhroM, antaHkaraNa evaM jIvana ko saphala kiyaa|" jambukumAra ne punaH kahA - "amba-tAta ! sudharmA svAmI ke upadeza ko sunakara mere antara ke paTa khula gaye, mujhe mere kartavya kA aura satpatha kA bodha ho gayA, mere antara meM usa akSaya-amara-paramapada ko prApta karane kI utkaTa abhilASA utpanna huI hai, jahAM janma, jarA, mRtyU aura roga-zoka prAdi ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| saMkaTa ke samaya zatru se nagara kI rakSArtha nagara ke dvAra para vizAla zilAkhaNDa evaM gole yantroM meM rakhe hae haiN| unheM dekha kara mujhe aisA anubhava. huprA ki yadi unameM se eka bhI zilA khaNDa athavA golA mere Upara gira jAya to avatI dazA meM merI mRtyu ho sakatI hai| ataH maiM lauTa kara punaH sudharmA svAmI kI sevA meM upasthita huaA aura unase maiMne prAjIvana brahmacArI rahane kA vrata grahaNa kiyA / pUjyo! maiM sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa AhatI dIkSA grahaNa kara usa paramapada kI prApti hetu prayAsa karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara cukA huuN| kRpA kara Apa mujhe dIkSita hone kI prAjJA pradAna kIjiye / " apane prANapriya eka mAtra putra ke mukha se AjIvana brahmacarya vrata grahaNa karane evaM pravajita hone kI bAta sunate hI RSabhadatta aura dhAriNI ke hRdaya para vajrAghAta sA lagA aura ve kucha kSaNoM ke lie mUchita ho gye| mUrchA dUra hone para ve donoM apanI prAMkhoM se avirala azrudhArAeM bahAte hae bar3e dIna svara meM bole - "priya putra! tuma hI hamAre manorathoM ko pUrNa karane vAle ho / tumhAre binA hamArA jIvana dUbhara ho jaaygaa| tumane prArya sudharmA svAmI se jinendra dvArA prarUpita dharmopadeza sunA, yaha to bahuta acchA kiyaa| paramparA se hamAre aneka pUrvaja bhI jina zAsana ke zraddhAlu bhakta rahe haiM para jahAM taka hamane sunA hai, unameM se kisI ne pravrajyA grahaNa nahIM kii| hama donoM bhI bahuta samaya se jinopadeza sunate pA rahe haiM para Aja taka hamAre mana meM kabhI isa prakAra kA nizcaya utpanna nahIM humaa|

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210 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pravajita hone kA prastAva aisI dazA meM tumane Aja eka hI dina meM aisI kaunasI viziSTatA upalabdha karalI hai jisake kAraNa tuma pravajita hone kI bAta kaha rahe ho?" isa para jambukumAra ne kahA- "tAta-bhAta ! saMsAra meM kaI loga aise hote haiM jo bahuta samaya ke pazcAt kartavyAkartavya kA nizcaya kara pAte haiM aura kucha loga prati svala samaya meM viziSTa parijJA prApta kara lete haiN|" viziSTa parijJA ke udAharaNasvarUpa jambukumAra ne apane mAtA-pitA ko eka zreSThiputra kA nimnalikhita AkhyAna sunAyA : "kisI samaya eka prasiddha nagara meM apsarA ke samAna sundara guNajJA nAma kI eka gaNikA rahatI thii| pradIpa para pataMgoM kI taraha usake rUpa-lAvaNya kI chaTA para vimugdha ho deza-videza ke aneka rasika rAjapUtra, amAtyaputra aura ibhyaputra usake yahAM Akara apanA sarvasva luTAte rahate the| usa gariekA ke prema meM pAgala se bane ve taruNa jaba apanA samasta vaibhava vyaya kara apane-apane gharoM kI ora lauTane ke lie samudyata hote taba vaha unheM kahatI-"pApa to mujhe chor3akara jArahe haiM lekina maiM kRtaghnA nahIM haiN| mere smRticihna ke rUpa meM Apa mere pAsa se koI na koI vastU avazya lete jaaiye|" vidAI kI belA meM gaNikA kI uparyukta bAta sunakara ve loga gaNikA dvArA upabhukta karakaMkaraNa, hAra, bhujabandha prAdi AbhUSaNoM meM se koI eka AbhUSaNa lekara apane ghara kI rAha pakar3ate / apanA sarvasva luTA cukane ke pazcAt eka bAra eka ibhyaputra kI vahAM se vidAI kA samaya AyA to gaNikA ne usake samakSa bhI apanI vahI bAta dohraaii| vaha zreSThI-putra eka niSNAta ratnaparIkSaka thaa| usane gaNikA kA amUlya paMcaratnoM se jaTita svarNanirmita pAdapITha dekhA aura kahA - "sumukhi ! maiM tumheM apanA sarvasva samarpita kara cukA hai. ataH tuma se kucha bhI lenA apane sammAna ke anukUla nahIM smjhtaa| phira bhI tumhAre sukomala hRdaya ko Thesa na pahuMce isa dRSTi se tumhArI icchA rakhane hetu cAhatA hai ki sadA tumhAre pairoM nIce rahane vAlA yaha pAda pITha de diyA jaay| basa, tumhAre smRti-cihna ke rUpa meM mere lie yahI paryApta hai|" gaNikA ne bar3e prAgrahapUrNa zabdoM meM kahA- "Apane aisI svalpa mUlya kI vastu kyA mAMgI? koI aura bahumUlya vastu maaNgiye|" zreSThiputra ratnoM kA kuzala pArakhI thaa| usane pAdapITha ko gaNikA ke ghara kI sArabhUta vastu samajhakara kahA - "mujhe to sadA tumhAre pairoM ke nIce rahane vAlI yahI sAdhAraNa vastu priya hai|" antatogatvA gariekA ne apanA pAdapITha zreSThiputra ko de diyaa| zreSThiputra usa pAdapITha ko lekara apane ghara lauTa aayaa| usane pAdapITha ke kImatI

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pravajita hone kA prastAva] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 211 ratno se vipula arthopArjana kiyA aura vaha dIrgha kAla taka sukhapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karatA rhaa| _ vizeSa parijJA vAle zreSThiputra ke dRSTAMta kI dArTAntika rUpa meM vyAkhyA karate hue jambUkumAra ne kahA - "jisa prakAra usa zreSThiputra ne sArabhUta vastu ko grahaNa kara lambe samaya taka sukhopabhoga kiyA, usI prakAra maiM bhI sudharmA svAmI ke upadeza meM se sArabhUta amUlya vastu -pravrajyA ko grahaNa kara ananta, zAzvata sukha svarUpa paramapada mokSa ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai| ataH Apa mujhe pravajita hone kI AjJA pradAna kara paramapada prApta karane ke mere lakSya meM sahAyaka bniye|" jambUkumAra dvArA sahaja bhAva se prakaTa kiye gaye ina udgAroM evaM antastala se prastuta kI gaI tathyapUrNa yuktiyoM se zreSThidampati ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki jambU ke aMtaHkaraNa meM pravajita ho, paramapada prApta karane kI utkaTa evaM amiTa abhilASA utpanna ho cukI hai, vaha aba kisI bhI dazA meM gRhasthAzrama meM rahane vAlA nahIM hai| phira bhI unhoMne atyadhika sneha ke kAraNa jambukumAra ko aura kucha dina gRhavAsa meM rahane kA anurodha karate hae aAgrahapUrNa svara meM kahA"putra ! isa bAra to tuma pravajita hone kA vicAra tyAga do| hAM, jaba vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue sudharmA svAmI punaH yahAM padhAreM taba tuma unake pAsa dIkSita ho jaanaa|" jambukumAra ne apane lakSya se kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita hue binA vividha yuktiyoM se dharma kI mahattA evaM durlabhatA siddha karane vAlI apanI bAta ko prArambha rakhate hue kahA - "tAta-mAta ! yadi maiM abhI pravajita ho jAUM to nizcita rUpeNa apane lakSya kI prApti meM siddha ho skNgaa| kAla kA kyA bharosA ? ataH mere hita ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue Apa mujhe abhI hI pravajita hone kI AjJA pradAna kara diijie|" ___apane prANAdhika priya putra ke bhAvI vichoha ko TAlane kA eka aura prayAsa karate hue zreSThivara RSabhadatta ne punaH bar3e dulAra bhare svara meM kahA - "vatsa? tumhAre pAsa sabhI prakAra ke sukhopabhoga kA ananyatama sAdhana-vipUla vaibhava vidyamAna hai| mAnava-mana jina sukhoM ke upabhoga ke lie sadA lAlAyita rahatA hai, jina sukhopabhogoM ko prApta karane meM adhikAMza mAnava jIvana bhara aharniza athaka parizrama karate rahane ke uparAnta bhI saphala nahIM hote, ve saba sukhopabhoga tumheM tumhAre prabala puNya ke pratApa se sahaja hI prApta haiN| ataH yathepsita viSaya - sukhoM evaM vividha bhogopabhogoM kA jI bhara Ananda lUTane ke pazcAt tuma dIkSita ho jaanaa|" isa para jambukumAra ne apane mAtA-pitA ko viSaya-lolupatA kI bhayAvahatA batAte hue eka bandara kA dRSTAMta sunAyA jo viSayAsakti ke kAraNa zilAjIta se cipaka kara mara gayA thaa| viSayAsakti ke kAraNa huI bandara kI mRtyu ke dRSTAMta ko

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212 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pravrajita hone kA prastAva dArTAntika rUpa meM ghaTita karate hae kumAra ne kahA - "ambatAta ! abhI to mujhe bAle bhAva ke kAraNa kevala bhojya padArthoM kI hI abhilASA rahatI hai| abhI rasanendriya ke AsvAda-sukha se hI pratibaddha hai jisase ki maiM abhI apane Apako bar3I AsAnI meM unmukta kara sakatA hai| kintu yadi maiM pAMcoM hI indriyoM ke viSaya sukhoM meM Asakta ho gayA to maiM bhI usa viSayalolupa bandara kI taraha dayanIya evaM duHkhapUrNa mRtyu ko prApta ho antatogatvA ananta bhava bhramaNa ke bhaMvara meM phaMsa kara ananta duHkhoM kA bhAgI bana jaauuNgaa| amba-tAta ! maiM bhavaMbhramaNa kI vibhISikA se bhayabhrAnta huuN| kRpA kara mujhe pravajita hone kI AjJA pradAna kiijie| jisa prakAra makar3I ke jAla ke tantu macchara Adi kSadra kIToM ko to apane pAza meM prAbaddha kara lete haiM kintu matta gajendra ko nahIM bA~dha sakate, ThIka usI prakAra aihika tuccha viSaya sukha kevala kApuruSoM ko hI apane vazavartI banA sakate haiM, prabuddha cetasa ko nhiiN|" jambU dvArA kahI gaI uparokta bAteM suna kara mAM dhAriNI isa bhaya se adhIra ho uThI ki aba to usakA putra nizcita rUpa se pravajita ho jAyagA / usane karuNa rudana karate hue kahA- "putra maiM cirakAla se apane hRdaya meM isa prAzA ko saMjoye baiThI hUM ki eka bAra baraveza meM tumhArA mukha-kamala dekhU / yadi tuma mere cirAbhilaSita isa manoratha ko pUrNa kara do to maiM bhI tumhAre hI sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kara luuNgii|" uttara meM jambukumAra ne kahA- "amba ! yadi ApakI aisI hI icchA hai to maiM usakI pUrti karane ko taiyAra hai / parantu isake sAtha eka zarta hai ki ApakI manorathapUrti ke usa zubhadina ke pazcAt phira Apa mujhe pravajita hone se nahIM rokeNgii|" dhAriNI ne saMtoSa kI sAMsa lI, mAno DUbate hue ko tinake kA sahArA mila gayA ho| mAM ke mamatA bhare mana meM isa vicAra se pAzA kI kiraNa prakaTa huI ki bar3e se bar3e yogiyoM ko vicalita kara dene ke lie eka hI ramaNI paryApta hotI hai| parama rUpa-lAvaNya evaM sarva guragasampanna usakI ATha badhueM apane sammohaka hAva-bhAvoM evaM netra-vAraNoM se usake putra ko bhogamArga kI ora AkRSTa karane meM avazya hI saphala ho jaayeNgii| ____ usane harSamizrita svara meM kahA - "vatsa! jo tuma kaha rahe ho vahI hogaa| hama logoM ne pahale se hI tumhAre anurUpa sarva guNasampanna atizaya rUpavatI pATha zreSThi kanyAoM kA tumhAre sAtha vivAha karane hetu vAgdAna svIkAra kara rakhA hai| ve pAThoM hI zreSThI-parivAra jina zAsana meM zraddhA-anurAga rakhane vAle evaM sampanna haiM / maiM abhI una AThoM sArthavAhoM ko sUcanA bhijavAtI huuN|" ' viSayagaNaH kApuruSaM karoti vazavatinaM na satpuruSam / baghnAti mazakameva hi latAtanturna mAtaGgam // [nIti zAstra]

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pravrajita hone kA prastAva ] kevalikAla : prayaM jambU 213 zreSThivara RSabhadatta ne tatkAla vizvasta saMdezavAhakoM ke sAtha una AThoM sArthavAhoM ke pAsa saMdeza bhejA / usameM yaha spaSTa kahalA diyA ki vivAha ho jAne ke pazcAt jambukumAra pravrajita ho jAyeMge, ataH sabhI bAtoM para sucAru rUpa se vicAra kara zIghra uttara diyA jAya / saMdeza meM jambukumAra ke dIkSita hone kI bAta suna kara una sabhI sArtha vAhoM ke hRdaya para gaharA AghAta phuNcaa| ve apanI patniyoM ke sAtha isa viSaya meM vicAra karane lage ki samupasthita samasyA kA hala kisa prakAra kiyA jAya / AThoM zreSThi-kanyAtroM ne bhI jambukumAra ke dIkSita hone aura apane mAtApitA ke pAsa zreSThi RSabhadatta ke yahAM se prApta saMdeza kI bAta sunI / samAna nizcaya vAlI una sabhI kanyAoM ne apane mAtA-pitA se spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha diyA - " Apane hameM unheM vAgdAna meM de diyA hai / aba dharma se ve hI hamAre svAmI haiM / ve jisa patha kA avalambana kareMge, cAhe vaha kitanA hI durgama athavA kaNTakAkIrNa kyoM na ho, hamAre liye bhI vahI prazasta patha hogA / prApa aura kisI bAta kA vicAra nahIM kareM / " kanyAoM ke dRDha nizcaya ko suna kara unake pitA sArthavAhoM ne RSabhadatta ko vivAha kI svIkRti kA saMdeza preSita kara diyaa| donoM ora vivAha kI taiyAriyAM hone lagIM / jambU kA vivAha vivAha kI mAMgalika velA meM amUlya bhUla evaM alaMkAroM se susajjita hAthI kI pITha para deva vimAna ke samAna sundara ambAvArI meM varaveSadhArI jambukumAra ArUr3ha hue| apane samaya ke dhanakubera zreSThivara RSabhadatta ke prAraNAdhika priya ikalaute putra jambukumAra kI vara yAtrA ko dekhane rAjagRha nagara ke nara-nAriyoM ke samUha ke samUha sundara paridhAna pahane umar3a par3e / gavAkSoM se sundariyAM sumana-vRSTi karane lagIM / samasta vAtAvaraNa ko guMjarita kara dene vAle vividha vAdyavRndoM kI madhura dhvani ke sAtha vara yAtrA mukhya bAjAroM se prAge bar3hI / pUrNacandra jisa prakAra tArikAoM ke samIpa jAte haiM usI prakAra varaveSa meM saje parama kAntimAna jambukumAra kanyAoM ke ghara pahuMce / maMgala AratiyoM ke sAtha vara ko vadhuoM ke ghara meM praveza karavAyA gayA aura sampUrNa vaivAhika vidhi-vidhAna ke sAtha jambU kumAra kA AThoM vadhunoM ke sAtha pANigraharaNa eka hI sAtha karavAyA gayA / pANigrahaNa sampanna hone para una mrAThoM sArthavAhoM ne apane jAmAtA jambukumAra ko daheja meM bhogopabhoga yogya vasanAlaMkArAdi vipulaM sAmagriyoM ke sAtha pracura mAtrA meM svarNa mudrAeM pradAna kiiN| tadanantara jambukumAra apanI grAThoM vadhunoM ke sAtha bhavana kI ora lauTe / kuTumbiyoM aura nAgarikoM ne vadhunoM sahita vara kA hArdika abhinandana kiyA / nava vadhutroM ke sAtha apane gRha meM praveza karate hue jambukumAra aise suzobhita ho rahe the mAno ve aSTa siddhiyoM ko apane sAtha usa ghara meM lAye hoM /

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214 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga jambU kA vivAha apane lADale lAla ko anupama rUpa-lAvaNyavatI pATha putravadhunoM ke sAtha dekha-dekha kara praphullavadanA mAM dhAriNI parama prasanna mudrA meM unakI valayAM le rahI thii| zreSThI RSabhadatta aura dhAriNI ne apane putra ke vivAhotsava kI khuzI ke upalakSa meM muktahasta ho svajanoM, snehiyoM, pAzritoM aura apAhijoM ko manacAhA dravya dekara saMtuSTa kiyaa| nizA ke Agamana ke sAtha hI bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta jambUkumAra ne pAThoM nava vadhunoM ke sAtha apane bhavana meM sajAye gaye sundara zayana-kakSa meM praveza kiyaa| vizAla kakSa ke madhya bhAga meM atyanta sundara kalA-kRtiyoM ke pratIka 6 sukhAsana eka dUsare ke sannikaTa golAkara meM rakhe hue the| jambukumAra ne unameM se madhyavarto siMhAsana para baiThate hue sahaja mRdu evaM zAnta svara meM apanI patniyoM ko prAsanoM para baiThane ko kahA / prathama milana kI velA meM mukha para madhura muskAna aura antaHkaraNa meM agaNita aramAna liye kucha sakucAtI kucha lajAtI huI sI ve AThoM anupama sundariyAM apane prANavallabha ke donoM pArzva meM baiTha giiN| patniyoM ko pratibodha vAtAvaraNa kI mAdakatA, mAdhurI aura mohakatA carama sImA taka pahuMca cukI thii| utkRSTa koTi ke sugaMdhita dravyoM kI mahaka se kakSa gamaka rahA thaa| prathama milana kI rAta, rUpa sudhA se ota-prota saritAoM ke samAna iThalAtI, bala khAtI, kanakalatAtulya pATha kAminiyAM, aMgaDAiyAM letA hA navayauvana, ekAnta kakSa, sahaja sulabha sabhI bhogya sAmagriyAM kintu jambUkumAra ke mana para ina saba kA kiMcitmAtra bhI prabhAva nhiiN| ve to jalagata kamala ke samAna bilkula nirlipta, vIta-doSa kI taraha virakta evaM nirvikAra bane rhe| navavadhueM apane jIvanadhana jambukumAra ke ati kamanIya, paramakAnta mukhacandra kI ora ninimeSa dRSTi se apanI sabhI sudha budha bhUle isa prakAra nihAra rahI thIM mAnoM varSoM se caMdrikA kI pyAsI pATha cakoriyAM pUrNa candra kI ora apalaka dekhatI huIM apanI yAMkhoM kI pyAsa bujhA rahI hoN| vAtAvaraNa kI nistabdhatA ko bhaMga karate hue jambukumAra ne apanI prAThoM patniyoM ko sambodhita kiyA - "bhavyAtmAoM ! Apako vidita hI hai ki maiM kala prAtaHkAla pravajita hokara muktipatha kA pathika hone jA rahA huuN| saMbhavata: grApa Azcarya kara rahIM hoMgI ki maiM viSayopabhoga yogya isa taruNa vaya meM apAra vaibhava kA parityAga kara bhogoM se vimukha ho tyAga mArga kI ora unmukha kyoM ho rahA hai| mere dvArA tyAga mArga apanAne ke aucitya ko Apa zIghra hI bhalIbhAMti samajha sake isalie maiM sarva prathama eka bAta spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ / vaha yaha hai ki ye sAMsArika viSaya bhoga mAnava ko usI samaya taka sukhaprada pratIta hote haiM java taka ki usake hRdaya meM tatvavodha na hone ke kAraNa mUr3hatA vyApta hai| jIvAjIvAdi tatvoM kA vodha hote hI mAnava ke hRdaya meM vyApta vimUr3hatA vinaSTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha tatvavid vyakti prabuddhacetA bana jAtA hai / tatvavetA bana

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patniyoM ko pratibodha ] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 215 jAne ke pazcAt usa vyakti ke mana meM viSaya, sukha evaM mUr3hatA ke lie koI sthAna avaziSTa nahIM raha jAtA / " maiMne sudharmA svAmI kI kRpA se tatvabodha prApta kara liyA hai ataH aba maiM viSaya bhoga ke sukha ko aura samasta sAMsArika vaibhava ko viSavat hAniprada aura heya samajhatA hUM / vastutaH ye saba viSaya bhoga kSaNabhaMgura haiM / ina viSaya bhogoM se prApta hone vAle sukha bhI kSaNika hone ke sAtha-sAtha ananta dukhAnubandhI hone ke kAraNa ananta kAla taka bhavabhramaraNa karAne vAle aura bhISaraNa dukhadAyI haiM / isa saMsAra rUpI viSavRkSa ke janma, jarA, roga, zoka, bhISaraNa yAtanAeM aura mRtyu ye duHkhaprada phala haiM / viSaya bhogoM meM phaMse rahane ke kAraNa hama loga anantakAla se bhavabhramaraNa karate hue dussaha dAruNa duHkha uThAte prA rahe haiN|" prabhava kA 500 coroM ke sAtha gRha praveza jisa samaya jambUkumAra apanI AThoM patniyoM ko isa prakAra zikSA de rahe the, usI samaya prabhava nAmaka eka kukhyAta cora apane 500 sAthI coroM ke sAtha RSabhadatta ke ghara meM corI karane ke liye zrA pahuMcA / prabhava ne avasvApinI vidyA ke prayoga se ghara ke sabhI logoM ko pragAr3ha nidrA meM sulA diyA aura tAlodghATinI vidyA ke prayoga se sabhI kakSoM ke tAle khola DAle / prabhava ke sAtha prAye hue coroM ne jaba seTha RSabhadatta aura unake yahAM zrAye hue zrImanta atithiyoM ke bahumUlya ratna evaM AbhUSaNa Adi utAra kara le jAne kI taiyArI kI to zAMta gambhIra svara meM coroM ko sambodhita karate hue jambUkumAra bole - "praya taskaro ! tuma loga hamAre yahAM atithi ke rUpa meM prAye hue ina logoM kI sampatti ko kaise curA kara le jA rahe ho ?" jambUkumAra ke itanA kahate hI 500 cora jahAM, jisa rUpa meM the, usI rUpa meM citralikhita se staMbhita ho gaye / yaha dekha kara prabhava ko bar3A Azcarya huA ki usakI amogha avasvApinI vidyA kA jambUkumAra para kisa kAraNa se prabhAva nahIM huA / usane jambUkumAra ke pAsa jA kara kahA - "zreSThiputra ! maiM jayapura nareza vindhyarAja kA jyeSTha putra prabhava prApake sAtha mitratA karanA cAhatA hUM / zrApa mujhe staMbhinI aura mocinI vidyAeM sikhA kara unake badale meM mujha se zravasvApinI aura tAlodghATinI vidyAeM prApta kara lIjiye / " 2 prabhava ko pratibodha jambUkumAra ne kahA - " prabhava ! meM to prAtaHkAla hote hI saba sampatti aura parivAra kA parityAga kara pravrajita hone vAlA huuN| mujhe ina pApakarI ' dadati tAvadime viSayAH sukhaM, sphurati yAvadiyaM hRdi mUr3hatA | manasi tatvavidAM tu vicArake, kva viSayAH kva sukhaM kva ca mUr3hatA // 2 'desu mama' eyAo vijjAzro thaMbha - mokkhaNIyAmro | ||37|| [ jaMbucariyaM ( guNapAla), pR0 82]

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216 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prabhava ko pratibodha vidyAnoM se koI prayojana nahIM / vastutaH maiM koI vidyA nahIM jaantaa| maiM to paMcaparameSTimaMtra ko hI sabase bar3A maMtra jAnatA huuN|" jambUkumAra kI nispRhatA aura pravajita hone kI bAta suna kara prabhava ko bar3A vismaya huA / usane AgrahapUrNa svara meM kahA- "saumya ! kuberopama saMpatti aura surabAlAoM ke samAna ina sundara navavadhuoM ko chor3a kara abhI Apa pravajita na hoiye / Apa ina ramaNI-ratnoM ke sAtha isa vipula vaibhava kA samIcInatayA sukhopabhoga karane ke pazcAt vRddhAvasthA meM pravajita ho jaanaa|" jambUkumAra ne pUrNa kuzalatA ke sAtha yuktipUrvaka prabhava ko pratibodha diyaa|' jambUkumAra ke upadeza se prabuddha ho prabhava tathA usake 500 sAthiyoM ne bhI jambUkumAra ke sAtha hI pravajita hone kI icchA prakaTa kI aura jambUkumAra kI sahamati prApta hone para apane mAtA-pitA kI prAjJA prApta karane hetu vaha apane sAthiyoM sahita zreSThi RSabhadatta ke ghara se calA gyaa| patniyoM ke sAtha carcA jambUkumAra kI samudrazrI Adi ATha navavivAhitA patniyoM ne virakta jamvUkumAra * ko . saMyama mArga se rokane aura sahaja prApta vipula sukhasAmagrI kA sukhapUrvaka upabhoga karane kI anurodhapUrNa prArthanA karate hue kramazaH ATha dRSTAnta sunAye / unake uttara meM jambUkumAra ne bhI apanI pAThoM patniyoM dvArA prastuta kiye gaye pATha mArmika dRSTAntoM ke uttara meM pATha dRSTAnta sunaaye| jambUkumAra aura unakI patniyoM ke bIca huA saMvAda bar3A preraNAdAyaka, bodhaprada, rocaka aura anAdi kAla se ajJAnAvaraNoM ke kAraNa pUrNataH nimIlita antarvAnoM ko sahasA unmIlita kara dene vAlA hai| una dRSTAntoM meM se eka padmazrI dvArA tathA usake uttara meM jambUkumAra dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA, ye do dRSTAnta yahAM avikala rUpa se diye jA rahe haiM : jambUkumAra kI prathama patnI. samudrazrI ke pazcAt dUsarI patnI padmazrI ne apane prANezvara ko sambodhita karate hue prati vinamra evaM madhura svara meM kahA"prANanAtha! pUrvajanma ke puNyapratApa se prApako vipula vaibhava aura chAyA ke samAna sadA ApakI anugAminI 8 patniyAM milI haiM, isa sabase aura adhika sukhopabhoga kI sAmagrI prApta karane kI prAzA meM isa saba kA parityAga kara prApako bhI kahIM usa vAnara kI taraha ghora pazcAttApa aura dAruNa duHkha sahana nahIM karanA par3e jo mAnavasvarUpa pA kara bhI devatva kI prApti ke prayAsa meM punaH vAnara bana gayA ?" jamvUkumAra ne sasmita svara meM pUchA - "mugdhe ! vAnara ko kisa prakAra kA pazcAttApa karanA par3A?" isa para padmazrI ne nimnalikhita dRSTAnta sunAyA :1 vistRta vivaraNa ke liye prAcArya prabhava sambandhI itivRta meM dekhiye / -sampAdaka

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217 vAnara kA kathAnaka] kevalikAla : prAya jambU vAnara kA kathAnaka kisI sarvakAmapradAyI draha ke taTa para sthita eka vizAla vRkSa para vAnara aura vAnarI kA yugala (eka zAkhA se dUsarI zAkhA para kUda-phAMda karate hue) krIr3A kara rahA thA / vAmara kisI taraha phAla cUka gayA aura usa draha meM jA girA | usa divya draha ke jala ke prabhAva se vAnara tatkAla ati sundara yuvA manuSya bana gyaa| isa adbhuta rUpa-parivartana ko dekha kara vAnarI ne bhI draha meM chalAMga lagAI aura vaha bhI tatkAla ati sundara rUpa- lAvaNyavatI mAnavakanyA bana gii| ve donoM eka dUsare ke prati kamanIya mAnava svarUpa ko dekha kara atIva pramudita hue| yuvA puruSa ke rUpa meM parivartita hue vAnara ne apanI patnI se kahA - "sumukhi ! hama kitane saubhAgyazAlI haiM ki isa draha meM kUdane ke kAraNa hameM manohArI mAnavatanu mila gaye / ava hama isa vRkSa para car3ha kara eka bAra punaH isa draha meM kUdeM / aba kI bAra hama nizcita rUpa se deva tathA devI bana jAyeMge aura sahasroM varSoM taka divya sukhoM kA upabhoga kreNge|'' mAnavI dehadhAriNI vAnarI ne kahA- "priyaM! mAnavadeha hameM mila gaI hai| isI meM saMtoSa karake hameM mAnavocita sukhoM kA upabhoga karanA caahiye| saMzayAspada devatva kI prApti ke prayAsa meM kahIM hama apanA yaha mAnavatana bhI na kho baittheN|" apanI priyA dvArA bahuta kucha samajhAye jAne ke uparAnta bhI mAnavatanadhArI vaha vAnara vRkSa para car3ha kara draha meM kUda gyaa| yaha dekha kara use bar3A duHkha humA ki vaha punaH vAnara bana gayA hai / draha se nikala kara vAnara aneka bAra usa vRkSa para car3hA aura draha meM kUdA para saba niSphala, vaha to vAnara hI banA rahA / apanI asaMtoSI vRtti para pazcAttApa karatA huA vaha rone lgaa| dUsarI ora vanakrIDArtha vahAM Aye hue eka mahArAjA ne jaba usa anupama sundarI ko dekhA to vaha use apane rAjamahaloM meM le gayA aura usane use apanI paTTamahiSI banA diyaa| vaha eka bar3e narapati kI agramahiSI ke rUpa meM rAjakIya vividha sukhoM kA upabhoga karane lgii| udhara usa vAnara ko eka madArI pakar3a kara le gayA aura use aneka prakAra kI vAnara-kalAeM sikhA kara grAmoM va nagaroM meM usakI kalAoM kA pradarzana karane lgaa| eka dina vaha madArI usa vAnara ko le kara usI rAjA ke yahAM pahuMcA jahAM para usa vAnara kI mahilA rUpadhAriNI vAnarI paTTa mahiSI ke rUpa meM aneka prakAra ke sukhoM kA upabhoga kara rahI thii| madArI ne rAjA, rAnI aura ranivAsa kI ramarigayoM ke samakSa vAnara ke khela dikhAne kA upakrama kiyA para vaha vAnara rAjA ke arddha siMhAsana para baiThI huI apanI pUrvapatnI ko dekha kara rone lgaa| madArI dvArA bahaterA tAr3ana-tarjana kiye jAne para bhI vAnara ne kisI prakAra kA nATaya nahIM dikhAyA, vaha to rAjamahiSI kI ora dekha-dekha kara rotA hI rahA /

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218 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga vAnara kA kathAnaka vAnara ko rote hae dekha kara rAjamahiSI ne kahA - "vAnara ! aba to tuma apane svAmI kI AjJAnusAra apanI vAnarI vidyA kA pradarzana karate raho, isI meM tumhArI bhalAI hai / aba usa vRkSa para se draha meM do bAra kUdane kI ghaTanA ko bilkula bhUla jAyo / aba pazcAttApa se koI lAbha nahIM hone vAlA hai|" padmazrI ne kaTAkSanikSepapUrvaka sasmita svara meM jambU kumAra kI ora dekhate hue kahA - "kAnta ? mujhe bhaya hai ki anizcita anAgata ke adbhuta sukhoM kI mavApti kI AzA meM Apa bhI kahIM vartamAna meM prApta ina sukhada bhogopabhogoM kA parityAga kara usa vAnara kI taraha pazcAttApa se saMtapta na ho jAyeM ?" padmazrI kI bAta sunakara muskurAte hue jambU kumAra ne kahA - 'padmazrI ! mujhe aMgArakAraka kI taraha viSayoM kI kiMcitmAtra bhI tRSNA athavA cAha nahIM hai / suno : aMgArakAraka kA dRSTAMta "eka aMgArakAraka (koyale banAne vAlA) apane sAtha paryApta mAtrA meM pIne kA pAnI lekara dUrastha kisI jaMgala meM koyale banAne ke uddezya se phuNcaa| vahAM usane lakar3iyoM ko jalAnA prArambha kiyaa| grISma Rtu kI teja dhUpa aura jalatI huI lakar3iyoM kI jvAlA ke kAraNa use tIvra pyAsa aura asahya jalana kA anubhava hone lgaa| usane bAra-bAra pAnI pInA prArambha kiyA para isase bhI usakI pyAsa aura zarIra kI tapana zAnta nahIM huii| pyAsa aura tapana se pIr3ita ho vaha bAra-bAra apane zarIra para aura muMha meM pAnI DAlane lgaa| isa prakAra usake pAsa jitanA jala thA, vaha saba samApta ho gyaa| aba usakI pyAsa aura zarIra kI jalana tIva rUpa dhAraNa karane lgii| vaha jala kI talAza meM nikala pdd'aa| thor3I hI dUra calane ke anantara asahya tRSNA aura tApa kI pIr3A se vaha eka vRkSa ke nIce pahuMcate-pahuMcate mUchita ho vRkSa kI chAyA meM gira pdd'aa| vRkSa kI zItala chAyA se use kucha zAnti kA anubhava huA aura thor3I dera ke lie use nidrA ne A gheraa| usa aMgArakAraka ne svapnAvasthA meM saMsAra ke samasta vApI, kUpa, taDAga grAdi jalAzayoM kA mantradigdha AgneyAstra kI taraha samasta jala pI DAlA para usakI tRSNA evaM tapana kiMcitmAtra bhI kama nahIM huii| usakI nidrA bhaMga huI aura vaha vahAM se cala kara eka vApI ke pAsa phuNcaa| usa bAvar3I meM utara kara usane aMjali se pAnI pInA cAhA para vahAM pAnI ke sthAna para kevala kIcar3a paayaa| tRSA aura tapana se vyAkUla vaha aMgArakAraka jhuka kara apanI jihvA se usa vApI ke kIcar3a ko cATane lagA para isase na usakI pyAsa hI bujhI aura na tapana hI mittii|" tadanantara padmazrI ko sambodhita karate hae jambUkUmAra ne kahA - bAle! hama saba logoM ke jIva aMgArakAraka kI taraha haiM aura saMsAra ke samasta viSayamukha

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aMgArakAraka kA dRSTAMta ] kevalikAla : mAyaM jambU 216 evaM bhogopabhoga vApI, kUpa, tar3AgAdi ke jala ke samAna haiN| hamArA jIva cakravartI deva, devendroM ke divya bhogoM se bhI tRpta nahIM huA to aba use vApI ke kIcar3a ke samAna tuccha mAnavI bhogoM se tRpta karane kI icchA karanA mUrkhatA ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM / " apanI nava vivAhitA patniyoM dvArA bhoga mArga kI ora prAkarSita karane hetu prastuta kiye gae mArmika dRSTAMtoM evaM tarkoM ke uttara meM jambUkumAra ne hRdayagrAhI dRSTAMta sunAte hue prakATya evaM prabala yuktiyoM se saMsAra kI nissAratA, bhogoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura bhavATavI kI bhayAvahatA kA aisA mArmika citraraNa kiyA ki jambUkumAra ko bhoga-mArga kI ora AkarSita karane kA prayAsa chor3a kara samudrazrI prAdi prAThoM kusuma- komalAMginiyAM kuliza kaThora yoga-mArga para calane ke liye udayata ho gaI / jambUkumAra ke antarmana ke sacce udgAroM ko sunakara una AThoM hI ramaNiyoM kI mohanidrA bhaMga ho gaI / una prAThoM ramaNI-ratnoM ne zraddhApUrvaka mastaka jhukAMte hue jambUkumAra se nivedana kiyA- "Arya ! ApakI kRpA se hameM samyagdarzana kI prApti ho gaI hai / hamAre mana meM aba sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM evaM sukhoM ke prati kiMcitamAtra bhI AkarSaNa nahIM raha gayA hai| hameM yaha saMsAra vastutaH bhISaraNa jvAlAmAlAnoM se prAkula eka prati vizAla bhaTTI ke samAna pratIta ho rahA hai / hama Apake padacihnoM kA anusaraNa karatI huIM prapane samasta karma-samUhoM ko dhvasta kara zAzvata sukha kI prApti ke lie lAlAyita haiM / hama acchI taraha samajha cukI haiM ki prApa jisa patha ke pathika banane jA rahe haiM, vahI patha vastutaH hamAre lie zreyaskara hai / ajJAnavaza hamane grApako bhoga-mArga kI ora AkRSTa karane ke jo prayAsa kiye haiM unake lie hama Apase kSamA prArthanA karatI haiN| hama Apake sAtha hI pravrajita honA cAhatI haiM ataH Apa hameM apane sAtha hI pravrajita hone kI prAjJA pradAna kara pANigraharaNa kI laukikI kriyA ko sahI mAyanoM meM sArthaka kIjie / " jambUkumAra kI anumati prApta ho jAne ke pazcAt samudrazrI prAdi prAThoM ramaNiyoM ne apane-apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa apane nizcaya kI sUcanA karavA dI ki prAtaH kAla hone para ve bhI apane pati ke sAtha pravrajita ho jAyeMgI / apanI putriyoM ke pravrajita hone kI bAta sunate hI grAThoM zreSThi-dampati tatkAla jambUkumAra ke bhavana para prAye / usa samaya tIna prahara rAtri bIta cukI thI, kevala antima prahara avaziSTa thA / parivAra ko pratibodha prabhavAdi dasyumaNDala aura apanI grAThoM patniyoM ko pratibodha dene ke pazcAt jambUkumAra pratidina ke niyamAnusAra apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa gaye / unhoMne apane mAtA-pitA aura unake pAsa baiThe sAsa- zvasuroM ko vinaya pUrvaka praNAma kiyA / prAzIrvacana ke pazcAt zreSThi RSabhadatta ne snehasikta svara meM jambUkumAra

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220 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ parivAra ko pratibodha se pUchA - "ciraMjIva ! apane AtmIyoM ke bhaviSya aura anya samasta paristhitiyoM para gambhIratApUrvaka ciMtana tathA navavadhuoM ke sAtha vicAra vinimaya ke pazcAt tuma avazya hI kisI na kisI nizcaya para pahuMce hoMge ?" jambUkumAra ne kahA - "hAM, pitRdeva ! ApakI AThoM kulavadhunoM aura maiMne zrAtmoddhAra hetu yahI dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA hai ki ApakI anumati pAkara hama prAtaH kAla zramaraNa dharma kI dIkSA graharaNa kara leMge / hameM aba kevala ApakI anumati kI hI AvazyakatA hai| kRpA kara aba binA vilaMba ke zrApa hameM dIkSita hone kI anumati pradAna kara dIjiye / " tadanantara mohagrasta zreSThi- dampatiyoM ko mohanidrA se jAgRta karate hue jambUkumAra ne zAnta, madhura para dRr3ha svara meM sambodhita kiyA- 'mAtRpitRdevo ! jisa prakAra lavaNasamudra apAra kSArayukta jalarAziyoM se pUrNa rUpeNa bharA huA hai ThIka usI prakAra bhavasAgara zArIrika evaM mAnasika asaMkhya duHkhoM se bharA huA hai / vastutaH isa saMsAra meM sukha nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai / duHkha meM sukha ke vibhrama, evaM duHkha meM sukha kI mithyA kalpanA dvArA duHkha mUlaka sukhAbhAsa ko hI viSayAsakta prANiyoM ne sukha samajha rakhA hai / zahada se sikta talavAra kI tIkSNa dhAra ko jihvA se cATane para jisa prakAra zahada ke kSaNika evaM tuccha sukha ke sAtha jihvA kaTane kI asahya vyathA saMpRkta hai - jur3I huI hai, zatapratizata vahI sthiti ina sAMsArika viSayopabhogajanya sukhoM para ghaTita hotI hai / isake atirikta garbhavAsa ke ghora duHkha kI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sakatI / vaha nArakIya duHkhoM se bhI atyadhika dukhada aura bhaTTI kI tIvratama jvAlAoM se bhI adhika dAhaka hai / isa saMsAra meM ekAntataH duHkha hI duHkha hai, sukha nAma mAtra ko bhI nahIM hai| yadi Apake antarmana meM vAstavikaM sukha prApti kI abhilASA hai to Apa saba prAtaHkAla hote hI mere sAtha muktipatha ke pathika bana jAiye / " kitanA sajIva evaM saccA citraraNa thA saMsAra kA ? jambUkumAra ke ina nitAnta viraktipUrNa vacanoM meM adbhuta camatkAra thA / zreSThidampatiyoM ke antaHkaraNa meM praviSTa ho ina vAkyoM ne unakI antazcetanA ko jAgRta kara unake antoM ko unmIlita kara diyaa| unheM apane antastala meM adbhuta prAloka kA anubhava huA / saMsAra ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhate hI aThArahoM bhavya jIvoM ne dIkSita hone kA nizcaya kara liyA / sahamA sabake mukha se eka hI svara pratidhvanita huA 'vatsa ! tumane hamArI mohanidrA ko bhagA diyA hai| aba hama tumhAre sAtha hI pravrajita ho AtmakalyANa kareMge / " jambUkumAra dvArA mAtA-pitA zrAdi 527 vyaktiyoM ke sAtha dIkSA prAtaHkAla hote hI sAre rAjagRha nagara meM yaha samAcAra vidyut vega kI taraha ghara-ghara pahuMca gayA ki jambUkumAra kuberopama apAra vaibhava kA parityAga kara *

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527 ke sAtha dIkSA] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 221 apane mAtA-pitA, pAThoM navavivAhitA patniyoM, pAThoM patniyoM ke mAtA-pitA tathA kukhyAta caurarAja prabhava evaM usake 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha Aja hI dIkSita ho rahe haiN| dIkSA samAroha ke apUrva ThATa ko dekhakara apane netroM ko pavitra karane kI abhilASA liye sabhI nara-nArI zIghratApUrvaka apane Avazyaka kAryoM se nivRtta evaM sundara vastrAlaMkAroM se susajjita hone lage / abhiniSkramaNa sambandhI sabhI prakAra kI vyavasthA bar3I zIghratA ke sAtha sampanna . kara lI gaI / zreSThivara / RSabhadatta evaM mAtA dhAriNI ne apane putra ko svayaM sugandhita ubaTanoM ke vilepana ke pazcAt snAna karAyA aura aMgarAga evaM bahamUlya vastrAlaMkAroM se vibhUSita kiyaa| usI samaya jambUdvIpa ke adhiSThAtA anAdhRta deva bhI jambUkumAra kI sannidhi meM paaye| aneka prakAra ke vAdya yantroM kI madhura dhvani ke bIca jambakumAra apane mAtA-pitA ke sAtha eka hajAra puruSoM dvArA vahana kI jAne vAlI zivikA meM prArUr3ha he|' jayaghoSoM aura vAdyavRndoM kI karNapriya dhunoM ke sAtha jambUkumAra kI abhiniSkramaNa yAtrA prArambha huii| kala hI jinakI varayAtrA kA manorama dRzya dekhA gayA thA, unhIM jambUkumAra ko abhiniSkramaNa yAtrA ko dekhane ke lie rAjagRha ke vizAla rAjapathoM para cAroM ora janasamudra umar3a par3A / rAjagRha ke gaganacumbI bhavanoM kI aTTAlikAoM evaM sundara gavAkSoM meM ati manojJa vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita kokilakaNThinI kulavadhuoM dvArA gAye jA rahe maMgala gItoM kI sumanohara svaralahariyoM se gaganamaNDala guMjarita ho rahA thA / zibikArUr3ha jambUkumAra sAvana-bhAdoM kI ghanaghaTA se jalavarSA kI taraha amUlya mariNa-kAMcanamizrita vasudhArAoM kI anavarata varSA kara rahe the| unhoMne loka kalyANakArI kAryoM ke liye apanI sampatti kA bahuta bar3A bhAga dAna kara DAlA aura sampUrNa calaacala sampadA kA sarpa kaMcukavat parityAga kara diyA / agaNita kaMThoM dvArA udbhUta 'dhanya', 'dhanya' kI dhvani se rAjagRha nagara kA samasta vAyu-maNDala pratidhvanita ho rahA thaa| nagara ke sabhI nara-nArI vismita evaM vimugdha the, nava-vaya meM jambUkumAra dvArA kiye gaye apUrvatyAga para / unake dvArA karor3oM svarNamudrAoM aura ATha nArI-ratnoM ke tyAga para pratyeka nAgarika Azcarya prakaTa kara rahA thaa| AbAlavRddha dvArA atyanta zraddhApUrvaka jambUkumAra para kI gaI gulAla evaM sugandhita dravyoM kI niraMtara vRSTi ke kAraNa nagara ke mukhya mArga aise manohara pratIta ho rahe the mAnoM una para lAla-lAla makhamalI kAlIna bichA diye gaye hoN| ' jambUranAdhRtenAtha, devena kRtasannidhi : / udavA hyA nRsahasraNa, zibikAmAruroha ca / / 283 / / pariziSTa parva, sarga 3 2 dAnaM vizvajanIna sa, dadAna : kalpavRkSavat / ......" / / 284 / / pariziSTa parva, sarga 3

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222 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [527 ke sAtha dIkSA magadhezvara kuNika apanI caturaMgiNI senA aura samasta rAjyaddhi ke sAtha jamyUkumAra ke darzanArtha mabhiniSkramaNotsava meM saMmilita hue|' magadhanareza kUriNaka pora jambUdvIpa ke adhiSThAtA anAdhRta deva se parivRtta jambUkumAra varSAkAlIna ghanaghora ghaTA kI taraha dravya kI varSA kara rahe the| kUNika ne jambUkumAra se kahA- "dhIravara ! mere yogya koI kArya Apa ucita samajhate hoM, use karane kI mujhe bhI AjJA diijiye|" kUNika kA itanA kahanA thA ki prabhava, kumAra apane pAMca sau sAthiyoM ke sAtha vahAM A pahuMcA aura usane gurucaraNoM meM mastaka jhukA kara namaskAra kiyaa| jambUkUmAra ne mahArAja kRriNaka se kahA- "rAjan ! isa prabhava ne jo bhI aparAdha kiye hoM, unheM pApa kSamA kara diijiye| vigata rAtri meM yaha mere ghara meM corI karane hetu prAyA thaa| usa samaya maiMne isakI samasta aihika eSaNAoM ko zAnta kara diyA / aba yaha mere sAtha saMyama grahaNa kregaa|" isa para kuNika ne kahA- "ina mahAnubhAva ne Aja taka jitane bhI aparAdha kiye haiM, unake liye maiM inheM kSamA karatA huuN| ye nirvighna rUpa se zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kreN| jambUkumAra kA abhiniSkramaNa janauSa (julUsa) rAjagRha nagara ke mukhya mArgoM se kramazaH Age bar3hatA huA nagara ke bAhara usa pArAma ke pAsa pahuMcA jahAM suSarmA svAmI prapane zramaNa saMgha ke sAtha virAjamAna the| zivikA se utara kara jammUkumAra 527. mumukSaNoM ke sAtha sudharmA svAmI ke sammukha pahuMce aura unake paraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha kara prArthanA karane lage- "prabho! prApa mere parijanoM sahita merA udAra kiijie|" dIkSArthiyoM dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karane se pUrva kI jAne vAlI sabhI prAvazyaka kriyAmoM ke sampAdana ke anantara Arya sudharmA svAmI ne jambUkumAra, unake mAtApitA pAThoM patniyoM, patniyoM ke mAtA-pitA, prabhava tathA prabhava ke 500 sAthiyoM ' gurusena miliyasaharisamvuraravasaMpAyaliya bhUvIDho / jaMbussa daMsaraNatyaM, samAgamo koNiya nariMdo // 503 / / [jaMbucariyaM, gugapAla racitaM, 16 u0] 2 ghaNamo va pUramANo, daviNamahAsaMcaeNa paNaiyaNaM / koNiya naranAheNaM, sahiyo ya amaDhiya sureNa // 515 / / [jaMbucariyaM (guNapAla) 16 u.] . pabhavo pabhUyapahANapurisaparivAravur3o ptto| naranAhANunAmo, sibiyAe saheva saMcaliyo / / 843 / / jambUcariyaM - ratnaprabhasUri viranita naranAheNaM bhariNayaM kuNam praviggheNa esa sAmaNNaM / khamiyaM sambaM pi mae, eyassa mahAraNubhAvassa / / 526 / / (jaMbucariyaM, u016]

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527 ke sAtha dIkSA] kevalikAla : mArya jambU 223 ko vidhivat bhAgavatI dIkSA pradAna kii|' isa prakAra 69 karor3a svarNa mudrAmoM evaM 8 ramaNI-ratnoM ko tyAga kara jambUkumAra 527 mumukSoM ke sAtha sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa dIkSita he| dIkSA dene ke pazcAt sudharmAsvAmI ne jambUkUmAra kI mAtA, unakI pATha patniyoM aura pAThoM patniyoM kI mAtAoM ko suvratA nAmaka prAryA kI AjJAnuvattinI banA diyaa| apane sAthiyoM sahita prabhavamuni sudharmA dvArA jambU muni ko ziSya rUpa se sauMpe gye| ___apAra dhana-sampadA, suramya vizAla bhavana, koTi-koTi kAMcanamudrAoM aura suraramariNayoM ke samAna atIva sundara ATha ramaNI-ratnoM kA parityAga kara jambU kumAra ati kaThora tyAgapatha ke pathika bane, isa prakAra ke ghaTanAcakra meM sahaja hI pAThaka ko eka camatkAra sA pratIta ho sakatA hai, kautuhala bhI ho sakatA hai| para jisa prakAra jIvana aura jIvana ke mUlya kAlakrama se badalate rahate haiM, usI prakAra hameM bhI pratyeka yuga kI, pratyeka kAla kI paristhitiyoM evaM tajjanita jIvana ke mUlyoM ke prakAza meM hI usa samaya ke janajIvana kA mUlyAMkana karanA caahie| sarvajJa prabhu mahAvIra ke antastalasparzI upadezoM se janamAnasa meM eka navIna cetanA jAgrata huii| isa cetanA ke jAgRta hone para janamAnasa jijJAsu bhora cintanazIla bnaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke divya sandeza se jIvana kI vAstavikatA.aura sArthakatA kA bodha hote hI jana-jIvana meM saccI saMskRti sAkAra ho uThI aura jIvana ke uccatama mAdoM, uccatama saMskAroM ko prAtmasAt karane kI pravRtti prabala vega se prabuddha vyaktiyoM ke mAnasa meM ghara karane lgii| aisI sthiti meM vAstavika satya kA bodha ho jAne ke pazcAt usako prAtmasAt kara lenA aura use apane jIvana meM mUrta svarUpa denA asambhava athavA Azcaryajanaka nhiiN| prAja ke arthamUlaka yuga meM prAja ke bhautika mApadaNDa.se tatkAlIna mAdhyAtmika pravRttiyoM evaM sAMskRtika mUlyoM para prAdhArita paristhitiyoM kA mUlyAMkana karanA vastutaH ucita nahIM hogaa| dIkSAnantara navadIkSita zramaNa zramaNiyoM ko sambodhita karate hue prArya sudharmA svAmI ne pharamAyA- 'mAyuSman zramaNa-zramaNiyo! pApa sabane viSaya, kaSAyAdi ke bandhanoM ko kATakara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho jo vIratA kA paricaya 'prAcArya hemacandra ne jambUkumAra kI dIkSA ke pazcAta dUsare dina athavA kucha dinoM pazcAta prabhava dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / yathA :pitRnApRcchya cAnyepa : prabhavo'pi samAgataH / jambUkumAramanuyAnparivrajyAmupArade / 26. [pariziSTa pa0 3] 2 navANuI kaMcaNakorimAu, jeNujmimA bhaTTa ya glimaano| so jaMDU sAmI paDhamo muNINaM, apacchimo naMdara kevaLINaM // [kalpAntarvAcyAni, patra 41-48 (hastalikhita - saMvat 1566) alavara bhaNDAra] 3 sambhava hai ki zramaNI saMgha kI musthA caMdanavAlA kI bhAzAnuvartinI sthavirA sAdhvI kA nAma suvratA ho| prAyaH sAdhvI kA nAka smaraNa na hone kI dazA meM apanI racanAmoM meM vibhinna racanAkAroM dvArA suvratA nAma likha diyA gayA hai| [sampAdaka

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224 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [527 ke sAtha dIkSA diyA hai / vaha prazaMsanIya hai| bahuta se loga siMha ke samAna vrata lekara zRgAlavat kAyaratApUrvaka saMyama kA pAlana karate haiM / kucha vyakti zRgAla kI taraha Darate hue saMyama grahaNa karate haiM aura usakA pAlana bhI zRgAla kI hI taraha kAyaratApUrvaka karate haiM / kucha loga aise bhI haiM jo zRgAla ke samAna Darate hue saMyama graharaNa karate haiM kintu saMyama grahaNa karane ke pazcAt siMha ke samAna vIratA se saMyama kA pAlana karate haiM / kucha aise bhI parAkramI puruSa hote haiM jo siMha ke samAna pUre sAhasa evaM utsAha ke sAtha hI saMyama grahaNa karate aura usI prakAra pUrNa sAhasa aura parAkrama ke sAtha jIvana bhara saMyama kA pAlana karate haiM / Apa logoM ko cAhiye ki jisa prakAra siMha ke samAna sAhasapUrvaka saMyama grahaNa kiyA hai usI prakAra siMha tulya parAkrama prakaTa karate hue hI jIvana bhara saMyama kA pAlana karate raheM jisase ki Apa logoM ko zIghra hI paramapada nirvANa kI prApti ho sake / jIvana ke pratyeka kSaraNa ko amUlya samajhate hue pramAda kA pUrNataH parihAra kara apane jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA meM pUrI taraha yatanA rakhiye jisase ki Apa pApa-bandha se bace raha sakeM / vastutaH pramAda sAdhaka kA sabase bar3A zatru hai / caturdaza pUrvadhara, prahAraka labdhi ke dhAraka, manaH paryavajJAnI aura rAgarahita bar3e-bar3e sAdhaka bhI pramAda ke vazIbhUta ho jAne para deva, mAnava, tithaMca aura nAraka gati rUpa duHkhapUrNa saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiM / " " jambUkumAra sahita sabhI nava dIkSitoM ne apane zraddheya guru sudharmA svAmI ke uparyukta upadeza ko zirodhArya kiyA aura ve jJAnArjana evaM tapazcaraNa ke sAtha sAtha zramaNAcAra kA bar3I dRr3hatA se pAlana karane lage / mahAmedhAvI jambU araNagAra ne aharniza apane guru sudharmA svAmI kI sevA meM rahate hue parama vinIta bhAva se bar3I lagana, niSThA aura parizrama ke sAtha sUtra, artha aura vivecana - vistArasahita sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA jJAna prApta karanA prArambha kiyA / kUrika kI jijJAsA kAlAntara meM sudharmA svAmI ne apane jambU Adi ziSya parivAra sahita rAjagRha se vihAra kiyA aura vibhinna kSetroM meM pragaNita bhavyAtmAnoM ke antarmana ko upadezAmRta se nirmala banAte hue eka dina ve campAnagarI ke "pUrNabhadra" caitya meM padhAre / udyAnapAla ke mAdhyama se sudharmA svAmI ke zubhAgamana kI sUcanA prApta hote hI magadhAdhipati kUNika apane purajana - parijana Adi sahita apane rAjyocita vaibhava ke sAtha unake darzana evaM upadeza zravaraNa ke lie udyAna meM pahu~cA / udyAna ke dvAra para hI apane vAhana, khaGga, chatra, cAmara evaM samasta rAjya cihna tathA puSpamAlA mojar3I Adi kA parityAga kara sudharmA svAmI kI sevA meM dasapuSvI, zrAhAragAvi maraNanAraMgI virAgA ya / hoMti pamAyaparavasA, tayaNaMtarameva caugainA // [ sthAnAMga ]

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kUNika kI jijJAsA ] kevalikAla : bhArya jambU 225 phuNcaa| usane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paTTadhara zrArya sudharmA svAmI ko bar3I zraddhApUrvaka evaM bhakti sahita vandana - namana ke pazcAt samasta sAdhusaMgha ko vaMdana kiyA / tapopUta yuvA zramaraNa jambU ke pratyanta tejasvI divya svarUpa ko dekhakara kUrika ko bar3A vismaya huA / kUriNaka ne Azcarya prakaTa karate hue sudharmA svAmI se pUchA - "bhagavan ! Apake ziSya zramaNasamUha meM yaha tArAmaNDala meM pUrNacandra ke samAna kAntimAna, ghRtasiMcita pragni kI jAjvalyamAna jvAlA kI taraha durnirIkSya aura mahAn tejasvI svarUpa vAle yuvA zramaraNa kauna haiM ? inhoMne kisa tapazcaraNa, zIlapAlana athavA mahAn dAna ke prabhAva se isa prakAra kA atyanta AkarSaka evaM dedIpyamAna sundaratama svarUpa pAyA hai ?" isa para sudharmA svAmI ne kUNika ko jambU kumAra ke pUrvabhavoM kA vaha pUrA vRttAnta kaha sunAyA jo vidyunmAlI detra ke sambandha meM zreNika ke prazna ke uttara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jambU kumAra ke garbhAvatararaNa se 7 dina pUrva sunnAyA thA / zrAcArya hemacandra ne "pariziSTa parva" meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki kUrika ko jambU zramaraNa kA pUrva vRttAnta Adi sunAne ke pazcAt zrArya sudharmA - apane ziSya maNDala sahita campA se vihAra kara zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unake sAtha vicaraNa karate rahe / " para prAcArya hemacandra kA yaha kathana tathyoM kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utaratA / kyoMki svayaM unake dvArA pariziSTa parva meM ullikhita katipaya tathyoM se Arya jambU kA dIkSA-kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvAraNa ke pazcAt kA hI ThaharatA hai / janma, nirvAraNa Adi kAlanirNaya sambandhita ghaTanAkrama para vicAra karane se yaha vidita hotA hai ki jambU kumAra kA janma mahAvIra kI kevalI caryA ke 14 veM varSa meM huA / jambU kumAra ke janma se 7 dina pUrva mahArAja zreNika ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA - " bhagavan ! bharata kSetra meM kevalajJAna kisake pazcAt samApta ho jAyagA / " bhagavAn ne uttara diyA- "dekho ! cAra deviyoM se parivRtta brahma endra ke samAna RddhivAlA jo yaha vidyunmAlI deva hai, yahI prAja se sAtaveM dina brahma svarga se cyavana kara tumhAre nagara rAjagRha meM zreSThI RSabhadatta ke yahAM samaya para putra rUpa se utpanna hogA aura yahI bharata kSetra kA isa avasarpiNI kAla kA antima kevalI hogA / , suSarmApi tataH sthAnAjjagAma saparicchadaH / zrI mahAvIra pAdAnte, tatsamaM vijahAra ca // 2 nAtho'pyakathayatpazya, vidyunmAlI suro hAsI / sAmAniko brahmandrasya caturdevIsamAvRtaH // mo'muSmAtsaptame'cyutvA bhAvI pUre taba / zreSThiRSabhadattasya jammUH putro'ntyakevalI || 64 // [ pariziSTa parva, sarga 4 ] [ nahI]

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226 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [janma, ni* kAla nirNaya zreNika aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bIca yaha praznottara kI ghaTanA campA nagarI meM hue bhagavAn kI kevalIcaryA ke 13 veM cAturmAsa se pUrva kI ghaTanA hai| zAstrIya ullekha ke anusAra campA nagarI meM hue isa cAturmAsa se pahale kUriNaka magadha kA zAsaka bana cukA thA aura magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha se haTAkara vaha campA meM le AyA thaa| ___ isa dRSTi se vicAra karane para jambUkumAra kA janma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kevalIcaryA ke 14 veM varSa meM honA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya meM jambU kumAra kI Ayu 16 varSa kI honA pramANita ho jAtA hai| ___ jambU kumAra ke vivAha kI ghaTanA kA varNana karate hue prAcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTa parva meM likhA hai : krameNa pratipede ca, vayo prathamamArSabhiH / abhUtpANigrahAhazca, pitrorAzAlatAtaruH / / 74 / / [pariziSTa parva, sarga 2] vivAha yogya vaya solaha varSa se kama kI nahIM ho sktii| aisI dazA meM prAcArya hemacandra ke anusAra jambUkumAra kA vivAha 16 varSa kI avasthA meM humA aura vivAha hone ke pazcAt dUsare dina hI unhoMne Arya sudharmA ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| isake pazcAt prAcArya hemacandra spaSTa rUpa se 'pariziSTa parva' meM yaha ullekha karate haiM ki - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 64 varSa pazcAt jambUkumAra ne nirvANa prApta kiyaa| . ina saba tathyoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki Arya jambakUmAra ne 16 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura 64 varSa taka zramaNadharma kA paripAlana karane ke pazcAt 80 varSa kI Ayu meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| ___ AcArya hemacandra dvArA pariziSTa parva meM ullikhita uparokta tathyoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki prArya jambUkumAra ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 16 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| aisI dazA meM Arya sudharmA svAmI kA jambU zramaNa sahita bhagavAn mahAvIra kI sevA meM pahuMcane kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa jambUkumAra kI dIkSA se kucha mAsa pUrva ho cukA thA, isa prakAra ke ullekha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| 'zrIvIramokSadivasAdapi hAyanAni, catvAri paSTimapi ca vyatigamye jambUH / kAtyAyanaM prabhavamAtmapade nivezya, kamaMmayeNa padamamyayamAsasAda // 6 // pariziSTa parva, sarga.4]

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janma, ni0 kAla nirNaya ] kevalikAla : grArya jambU ( 1 ) zvetAmbara paramparA kI prAyaH sabhI paTTAvaliyoM meM yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki jambUkumAra kI dIkSA vIra nirvANa saMvat 1 meM huI / (2) digambara paramparA ke prAcArya guNabhadra dvArA racita mahApurANa ke dvitIya vibhAga uttarapurANa meM zreNika ke prazna kA uttara dete hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama gaMgAdhara indrabhUti gautama ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki arhadAsa aura jinadAsI kA putra jambUkumAra bar3A hI bhAgyazAlI aura kAntimAna hogA / anAdhRta deva usakI pUjA karegA / vaha atyanta prasiddha tathA vinIta hogaa| vaha yauvana ke prArambha se hI vikAra se rahita hogA / jisa samayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI pAvApura meM mokSa prApta kareMge usI samaya mujhe bhI kevalajJAna hogA / tadanantara sudharmAcArya gaNadhara ke sAtha aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karatA huA maiM punaH isa nagara ke vipulAcala parvata para AU~gA / mere prAne kA samAcAra suna kara isa nagara kA rAjA celinI kA putra kUNika apane parivAra sahita vandana tathA upadezazravaNArthaM AvegA / usI samaya jambUkumAra bhI saMsAra se virakta ho dIkSA grahaNa karane ke liye samutsuka hogaa| mAtA-pitA kuTumbIjanoM ke Agraha ko svIkAra kara vaha 4 kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha karegA / jambUkumAra dvArA pratibodha pAkara usakI cAroM patniyAM, unake tathA jambU ke mAtA-pitA aura usake ghara meM corI karane hetu prAyA huA apane pAMca sau sAthiyoM sahita vidya uccora bhI saMsAra se virakta ho dIkSita hone kA dRr3ha saMkalpa karegA / jambUkumAra ko dIkSA lene ke liye utsuka dekhakara usake saba parijana, apanI aThAraha prakAra kI senAoM ke sAtha kUriNaka aura anAdhRta deva jambU ke pAsa zrAkara usakA mAMgalika dIkSA mahotsava kareMge / ve saba loga vipula vaibhava ke sAtha vipulAcala para hamAre pAsa prAveMge aura jambU brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya ina tInoM varNoM ke aneka logoM, vidyuccora praura usake 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha sudharmAcArya ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa karegA / " 1 imyAtkRtI suto bhAvI, jinadAsyAM mahAba ti: / jambvAkhyo'nAghRtAddevAdAptapUjo'tivizrutaH ||37|| vinIto yauvanArambhe'pyanAviSkRtavikriyaH / vIraH pAvApure tasmin kAle prApsyati nirvRtim // 38 // tatraivAhamapi prApya bodhaM kevala saMjJakam / sudharmAkhyagaNezena sArdhaM saMsAravahninA ||36|| kariSyannatitaptAnAM hlAdaM dharmAmRtAmbunA / idameva puraM bhUyaH saMprApyAtraMva bhUghare ||40|| sthAsyAmyetatsamAkarNya kuriNakazcelinIsutaH / tatpurAdhipatiH sarvaparivArapariSkRtaH ||41|| prAgasyAbhyacyaM vanditvA zrutvA dharma grahISyati / [ uttarapurANaH parva 76 ] 227

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228 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [janma ni0 kAla nirNaya munivara guNapAla dvArA racita "jambUcariyaM" meM bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki jisa samaya jambUsvAmI ne dIkSA grahaNa ko usase pahale ho bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa ho cukA thaa| jambUkumAra ko dIkSArtha jAte hae dekha kara rAjagaha nagara ke nara-nAriyoM ne jo apane antarmana ke udgAra abhivyakta kiye the unakA citraNa karate hue jambUcariyaM ke racanAkAra ne spaSTa likhA hai : __"jisa prakAra sUrya se vihIna nabha-maNDala aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se bhAratavarSa zUnya (sunasAna) pratIta hotA hai usI prakAra jambUkumAra ke dIkSita ho cale jAne para samasta magadhapura (rAjagRha) zUnya ho jaaygaa|' isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki jambU svAmI kI dIkSA ke samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa ho cukA thaa| jambU zramaraNa kI prazna-paramparA : zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt prArya jambU aharniza apane ArAdhya guru sudharmA svAmI kI sevA meM zrutArAdhana karane lge| kaThora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue ve ekAgracitta ho pAgamoM ke adhyayana meM nirata rhte| jisa prakAra prathama gaNaghara indrabhUti gautama apane antara meM utpanna huI jijJAsAoM, zaMkAoM ivaM kutUhaloM ke samAdhAna hetu pUrNa zraddhA ke sAdha jagadguru bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakSa parama vinIta bhAva se upasthita hote the, ThIka usI prakAra jambU araNagAra bhI, apane mana meM kabhI kisI prakAra kI zaMkA athavA jijJAsA utpanna hotI to apane zraddhAspada guru sudharmA svAmI kI sevA meM upasthita hote aura apanI jijJAsAmoM kI zAnti ke liye aneka prazna prastuta karate / Arya sudharmA bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra se prApta pravAha jJAna ke anusAra apane parama vinIta aura suyogya ziSya jambU kI sabhI zaMkAmoM, jijJAsAoM aura kutahaloM kA samicIna rUpa se samAdhAna kara unheM pUrNarUpa se saMtuSTa krte| ___isa prakAra pragAr3ha zraddhA, vinaya aura niSThA ke sAtha adhyayana karate hue tIkSNa buddhi jambU svAmI ne svalpa samaya meM hI dvAdazAMgI rUpa pragAdha zrutasAgara kA artha, vyAkhyA aura vistArAdi sahita sampUrNa jJAna prApta kara liyaa| .. ____ guru dvArA apane ziSya ko prAgamoM kA jJAna dene kI vaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se Age se Age pazcAdvartI kAla meM bhI calatI rahI / jainAgamoM ko Aja taka yathAvat rUpa meM banAye rakhane kA sArA zreya prAgamajJAna kemAdAnapradAna kI usa punIta paramparA ko hI hai| isI paramparA ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA anuprANita, ' nahabhoyaM ravirahiyaM, bhArahavAsaM va jiNavaravihINaM / eeNa viNA evaM hoho munnaM va magahapuraM / / 470 / / bimpariyaM (guNapAla), u0 16]

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jambU ko praznaparaMparA kevalikAla : prAya jambU 226 gaNadharoM dvArA prAkalita, aura bhagavAna ke prathama paTTadhara Arya sudharmA dvArA apane suyogya ziSya Arya jambU ke mAnasa meM pravAhita punIta zrutasaritA Aja bhI apane mUla svarUpa ko binA chor3e mumukSutroM ke antastala meM pravAhita ho rahI hai / upalabdha AgamoM kA jo svarUpa prAja vidyamAna hai, yaha usa samaya kI mUla paramparA ko sahI rUpa meM samajhane kA eka AdhAra hai / AgamoM ke prArambhika sthaloM ko dhyAnapUrvaka dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ko artharUpa se sunakara Arya sudharmA ne jisa prakAra zabda rUpa se grathita kiyA, aura jisa rUpa meM jambU svAmI ne pRcchA kara AgamajJAna ko prApta kiyA, usI aparivartita svarUpa meM Aja vidyamAna hai| isakI puSTi meM "jJAtA-dharmakathA' kA nimnalikhita upoddhAta sUtra dRSTavya hai : - "usa kAla usa samaya meM prArya sudharmA aNagAra ke jyeSTha (pramukha) ziSya sAta hAtha kI U~cAI vAle kazyapagotrIya jambU nAmaka araNagAra prArya sudharmA se na bahuta dUra aura na bahuta samIpa ghuTane U~ce tathA sira nIcA kiye, dharmadhyAna evaM zukla dhyAna rUpI koSTha (prAkara athavA prakoSTha) meM sthita, saMyama evaM tapa se apanI prAtmA ko bhAvita karate hue vicara rahe the| saMyogavaza Arya jambU ke mAnasa meM zraddhA, saMzaya aura kutUhala utpanna huaa| zraddhA, saMzaya aura kutUhala utpanna hone para ve uThe aura jahAM prArya sudharmA the vahAM aaye| Arya sudharmA ko vandana namaskAra kiyA aura unake na adhika samIpa na adhika dUra, sunane kI icchA se unakI prora abhimukha ho, unako suzrUSA karate hue, namana karate hue, sAMjali zIza jhukAte hue vinayapUrvaka bole- "bhagavan ! zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAMcaveM vyAkhyAprajJapti aMga kA yaha artha btaayaa| prabhu ne chaThe aMga-jJAtA dharmakathA kA kyA artha batAyA thA?" prArya sudharmA ne jambU maNagAra ko saMbodhita karate hue isa prakAra kahA :"he jambU ! zramaraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chaThe aMga jJAtAdharmakathAMga ke do zrutaskandha prarupita kiye haiN| ve yaha haiM, pahalA jJAtA aura dUsarA dharma kthaa|"' __chaThe aMga jJAtAdharmakathA ke isa uparilikhita uddharaNa ke eka-eka zabda se yaha spaSTataH pratidhvanita hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vizva ke prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane ke liye jo zruta-saritA pravAhita kI thI usakA samagrarUpeNa pAna karane kI utkaNThA liye mArya jambU apane zraddhaya guru sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa jAte haiM aura unase jisa rUpa meM unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra se zrutasaritAvataraNa prApta kiyA, usI rUpa meM zrutasarita ko pravAhita karane kI prArthanA karate haiN| apane jJAnapipAsu, aura utkaTa jijJAsu suyogya ziSya jambU kI prArthanA svIkAra kara prArya sudharmA bhI usI rUpa meM, prabala dega ke sApa zrutasaritA ko pravAhita karate haiN| prArya jambU ne mahAn ullAsa ke sAtha apane nirmala mAnasa meM prArya sudharmA ke ' nAmAdhammakahAmo, 1.5

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230 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ jambU kI praznaparaMparA mukhAravinda se nikalatI huI zruta dhArA ko grahaNa kiyA / vahI Aja zrAryadharA ke mumukSutroM ke mAnasa meM pravAhita ho rahI hai / yaha pravAha calatA rahegA paMcama AAraka ke anta taka / prArtha jambUsvAmI kI vizeSatA jambUsvAmI ke anupama guNoM ke sambandha meM vizeSa varNana kI AvazyakatA nahIM kyoMki Upara diye hue nAyAdhammaka hAmro sUtra ke mUla pATha se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve parama zraddhAlu, parama vinIta, utkaTa jijJAsu aura Arya sudharmA ke suyogya jyeSTha ziSya the| unake mahAn pratibhAzAlI virATa vyaktitva kA, zArIrika proja, tez2a aura kAnti kA isI se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki magadhapati kUriNaka ne jaba jambU araNagAra ko Arya sudharmA ke ziSya samUha meM dekhA to ve Azcarya se haThAt stabdha ho gaye / zrArya jambUsvAmI ke jIvana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha rahI ki unake jIvanakAla meM prArya vasundharA koTi-koTi sUryoM se bhI anantagunita kAntimAna kevalAloka se nirantara prakAzamAna rahI aura unake zuddha saccidAnandadhana svarUpa meM lIna hote hI prAgAmI utsarpiNI kAla kI cauvIsI ke prathama jina ko haropalabdhi hone taka ke liye kevalAloka se vaMcita bana gaI / jaba jambU svAmI kA janma huA usa samaya sarvajJa - sarvadarzI 24veM tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra virAjamAna the / jambU svAmI kI dIkSA ke samaya indrabhUti gautama, unakI dIkSA ke 12 varSa pazcAt zrArya suvarmA svAmI aura dIkSA ke 20 varSa pazcAt svayaM jambU svAmI prapane kevalAloka se samasta lokAloka ko pralokita karate rahe / para jambU svAmI ke nirvAraNa ke sAtha hI prAryAvarta se kevalajJAna kA sUrya isa avasarpiNI kAla meM sadA ke liye asta ho gayA / prAyaM jammU svAmI kA nirvANa bhArya jambU svAmI solaha varSa taka gRhastha paryAya meM rhe| phira dIkSA grahaNa kara bIsa varSa taka guru sevA ke sAtha-sAtha jJAnopArjana, tapazcararaNa aura saMyama sAdhanA meM nirata rahe / vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 20 kI samApti para bhagavAn . mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara zrArya sudharmA svAmI ne apane nirvAraNa -gamana ke samaya zAyaM jambU ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dvitIya paTTadhara niyukta kiyA / zrayaM jambU svAmI ne prAcAryapada para prAsIna hone ke pazcAt kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| apane ananta jJAna, ananta darzana aura ananta cAritra se bhavyajIvoM kA kalyANa karate hue Apa 44 varSa taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvitIya paTTadhara ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para rahe / anta meM zrArya prabhava ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kara, vIra ni0 saM0 64, tadnusAra

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mArya jambU kA nirvANa] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 231 / IsA pUrva 463 meM prArya jambU ne 80 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara akSaya pravyAbApa nirvANapada prApta kiyaa|' munivara guNapAla (vikrama kI 6 vIM zatAbdI) ne jambUcariyaM meM likhA hai ki jambUsvAmI ne apanI prAyu alpa samajhakara eka mAsa ke pAdapopagamana saMpAre se zailezI dazA prApta kI aura apUrvakaraNa dvArA karmabandhana se mukta ho zarIra tyAga eka samaya kI avigraha gati se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| munivara guNapAla ne apane isa abhimata kI puSTi meM kisI prAcIna prAcArya dvArA racita kisI anya kI pAMca gAthAeM prastuta karate hue likhA hai :bhaNiyaM ca puvvasatyesu - . bhayavaM pi jaMburaNAmo, bahUNi vAsANi vihariUraNa jinne| bhattaM paccakkhAyai, vAlAhagaselasiharesu // ' baza boloM kA viccheda jambU svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jambUdvIpa ke bharata kSetra se nimnalikhita 10 vastueM vilupta ho gaI : maNa paramohi pulAe, AhAra khavaga uvasame kappe / saMjamatiga kevala sijjharaNA ya jambummi vucchiNNA // arthAt - (1) manaHparyava jJAna, (2) paramAvadhi jJAna, (3) pulAka labdhi, (4) AhAraka zarIra, (5) kSapaka zreriNa, (6) upazama zreNi, (7) jinakalpa, (8) tIna prakAra ke cAritra, arthAt -parihAra-vizuddhi, sUkSma samparAya aura yathAkhyAta cAritra, (9) kevalajJAna aura (10) muktigamana - , bImo jaMbUtti, zrIsudharmasvAmipaTTe dvitIyaH zrI jambU svaamii| sa ca navanavatikoTisaMyuktA praSTo kanyakAH parityajya zrIsudharmasvAmyantike pravajitaH / sa ca SoDaza varSAriNa gRhasthaparyAye, viMzativarSAriNa vrataparyAye, catuzcatvAriMzadvarSANi yugapradhAnaparyAye ceti sarvAyurazIti varSANi paripAlya zrI vIrAt catuHSaSTi varSe sikhaH / .[tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, svopajJa vRtti, panyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI dvArA sampAdita, pRSTha 5] 2 bhayavaM pi....... "saMpatto vimaluttuMgagayaNaMgaNasaNNihaM taM valAhagaselasiharaM ti / tamo bhagavayA nAUNa prattaNo thovAuyattaNaM kayaM samva bhattapaccakkhANaM pAyavovagamaNAiyaM jahAvihiM jahAkaraNIyaM / Thiyo ya tattha silAyalovago mAsamegaM pAmovagamaNeNa / ........ selesi saMpatto, vimukko auvvakaraNeNa ekkasamaeNeva vimukkavundI nemvANapuravaraM saMpatto ti|" [jaMducariyaM, (guNapAla) pR0 196-97] ' [vahI ]

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232 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [daza boloM kA viccheda ina 10 viziSTa prAdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA jambU svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt viccheda ho gyaa| Arya jambU svAmI ko zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM meM mantiga kevalI mAnA gayA hai / isa prakAra jambU svAmI ke nirmANa ke sAtha hI vIra nirvANa saM0 64 meM kevalikAla samApta ho gyaa| kebalikAla ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI zAkhAmoM kI yaha paramparAgata evaM sarvasammata mAnyatA rahI hai ki 24 veM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt indrabhUti gautama, prArya sudharmA svAmI aura pArya jambU svAmI-ye tIna kevalI hue aura jambU svAmI ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI kevalI kAla kI parisamApti ho gii| ye tInoM mahApuruSa kitane-kitane samaya taka kevalI rahe, isa sambandha meM ina donoM paramparAmoM meM mAnyatAbheda haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM indrabhUti gautama kA kevalI kAla 12 varSa, sudharmA svAmI kA 8 varSa aura pArya jambU svAmI kA 44 varSa, isa prakAra saba milAkara 64 varSa kA kevalI kAla mAnA gayA hai| kintu isa sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM mataikya nahIM pAyA jaataa| digambara paramparA ke prAcIna tathA paramamAnya graMtha tiloyapaNNatti (DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ke matAnusAra I. 573 se 606 ke bIca kI kRti) meM ina tInoM kevaliyoM kA alaga-alaga kevalI kAla na dekara piNDarUpa se 62 varSa diyA hai|' digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM meM gautama svAmI kA kaivalyakAla 12 varSa, Arya suSarmA svAmI kA 12 varSa aura jambUsvAmI kA 38 varSa isa prakAra kula milA kara 62 varSa kA kevalI kAla mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra SaTkhaNDAgama ke dhavalA 'manaH parApapItreyo, pulAkAhArako zivam / kalpatrisaMpamA bhAna, nAsan jammUmuneranu / [pariziSTa parva] tiloyapatti meM gautama, sudharmA svAmI aura jammu svAmI ke 62 varSa ke kevalI kAla kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt yaha svIkAra karate hue ki jambU svAmI ke pazcAt koI anubaDa kevalI nahIM humA, yaha bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki kevalajJAniyoM meM antima kevalI zrIdhara kuMDalagirI se siTa hue / yathA : kuMDalagirimmi parimo kevalaNANIsu siridharo sido| pAragarisIsu parimo supAsacaMdAbhiSANo ya // 4 // 1476 / / isa prakAra kA ullekha (samasta prAcIna jaina bAGgamaya meM) anyatra dekhane meM nahIM paataa| [sampAdaka] vAsahI vAsAriNa godamapahudoNaM jANavaMtAeM / pApapaTTaNakAle parimANaM piMDasveNaM // 4 // 1378 / / [tiloyapaNNatti]

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ke kAla vi. mAnyatAeM] kevalikAla : mArya jambU 233 TIkAkAra vIrasena ne aura harivaMzapurANakAra tathA zrutAvatArakAra ne bhI vIra nirvANa 1 se 12 varSa paryanta gautama svAmI kA, gautama svAmI ke pazcAta 12 varSa taka sudharmAsvAmI kA aura sudharmAsvAmI ke nirvANa pazcAt 38 varSa taka jambU svAmI kA kevalI kAla mAnA hai jo kula milakara 62 varSa hotA hai| isake viparIta prAcArya gaNabhadra ne apane graMtha mahApurANa-uttarapurANa' meM tathA puSpadanta ne apabhraMza bhASA ke apane mahApurANa meM gautama svAmI aura sudharmA svAmI kA kramazaH bAraha-bAraha varSa aura jambU svAmI kA 40 varSa- isa prakAra kula 64 varSa kA kevalI kAla mAnA hai, jisase zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya 64 varSa ke kevalI kAla kI mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM 64 varSa kA kevalI kAla donoM paramparAmoM meM mAnya hone ke kAraNa adhika prAmANika mAnA jA sakatA hai| ina saba se viparIta vIra kavi ne apane apabhraMza mahAkAvya "jambacariu" aura paM0 rAjamalla ne apane saMskRta kAvya - "jambasvAmicaritam" meM jambasvAmI ke kevalikAla ke sambandha meM eka nayA hI abhimata rakhA hai| gautamasvAmI aura sadharmAsvAmI ke kevalajJAna ke sambandha meM unhoMne likhA hai ki jisa dina bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa humA usI dina gautama svAmI ko kevalajJAna prApta humA aura jisa dina gautamasvAmI kA nirvANa huA usI dina sudharmA svAmI ko kevalajJAna hmaa| sudharmA svAmI ke nirvANa ke samaya jambasvAmI ko dIkSA grahaNa kiye 18 varSa vyatIta ho cuke the| aura sudharmA svAmI ke nirvANa pazcAt prarddha ' sudharmagaNabhRtpA samacitto gRhISyati / kaivalyaM dvAdazAndAnte mayyantyAM gotamAMgate // 11 // muSarmA kevalI jambUnAmA ca zrutakevalI / bhUtvA punastato dvAdazAmdAnte nitigate / / 12 / / sudharmaNyantimaM jJAnaM jamyUnAmno bhaviSyati / tasya giSyo bhavo nAma, catvArikarasamA mahAn / iha dharmopadezena, paritryAM vihariSyati / ityavAdItadAkaNyaM sthitastasminnanAvRtaH // [uttarapurANa, 76 parva, pR0 537] pattai-bArahamai saMvacchari, cittAriTTi viliyamacari / paMcamu NANu ehu pAvesai bhavu gAmeNa mahArisi hosai teNa samaU mahiyali viharesaI dahaguriNayaI pattAri kahesai / barisaiM dhamma savvamamvohahaM vi siyabahu micchAmohahaM aMtima kevalI uppajesaha maha pahuvaMsaha uSNaI hosaha / [mahApurANa, puSpadaMta, saMdhi 1.0, pR0 274] 3 (ka) jambUsAmicarita (vIraviracita, DaoN. vI0 pI0 jaina dvArA sampAdita), 10:23 (kha) evamaSTAdazAmdAnAM, vyatikrAntA iva kSaraNaM / jamyUsvAmini dhoropaM, tapaH kurvati nekapA // 1.6 tapomAse site pakSe saptamyAM ca zubhe dine / 'nirvANaM prApa saudharmoM, vipulAcala mastakAt // 11. [jambU ca0 (rAjamalla), saM0 12] -

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234 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [ke* kAla vi. mAnyatAeM prahara dina vyatIta hone para jambU svAmI ko kevalajJAna huprA / ' tatpazcAt jambU svAmI 18 varSa taka kevalI rUpa se vicaraNa karate rahe aura anta meM vipulAcana ke zikhara para pAThoM karmoM kA kSaya kara siddha hue| isa prakAra ina donoM vidvAnoM ne gautama aura sudharmA ina donoM kA milAkara 18 varSa kevalya kAla, jambU svAmI kA kaivalya kAla kevala 18 varSa aura ina tInoM kA milAkara kula 36 varSa kA hI kaivalyakAla mAnA hai, jo Aja taka upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI evaM zvetAmbara va digambara donoM paramparAoM dvArA svIkRta kAlakrama se bilkula viparIta par3atA hai, prataH prAmANika na hote hue bhI vicAraNIya avazya hai| .. isa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAmoM dvArA mAnya uparivariNata adhikAMza aitihAsika tathyoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jambasvAmI kA janma vIra-nirvANa se 16 varSa pUrva, dIkSA vIra nirvANa saM0 1 meM, kevalajJAna kI prApti vIra ni0 saM0 20 meM aura nirvANa vIra ni0 saM0 64 meM huaa| anya mAnyatA bheda Arya jamba svAmI ko zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM meM antima kevalI mAnA gayA hai / jambU svAmI ke apUrva tyAga, utkaTaM vairAgya aura kaThora sAdhanA ke prati agAdha zraddhA abhivyakta karate hue donoM paramparAoM ke prAcIna tathA arvAcIna aneka vidvAnoM ne samaya-samaya para isa mahAzramaNa ke jIvana para aneka grantha likhe haiN| yadyapi donoM paramparAmoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA jambU svAmI ke jIvanavRtta para likhe gaye granthoM meM katipaya ghaTanAoM, dRSTAntoM aura nAmAdi kA sAdhAraNa vaividhya hai, tathApi jambasvAmI ke jIvana kI mahatvapUrNa evaM mUla ghaTanAoM ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM kA paraspara paryApta mataikya pAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM jamba svAmI ke pitA kA nAma RSabhadatta aura mAtA kA nAma dhAriNI batAyA gayA hai, jaba ki digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM pitA kA nAma ahahAsa aura mAtA kA nAma jinamatI ullikhita hai| zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke granthoM meM jamba kumAra kA pATha zreSThi-kanyAoM ke sAtha pANigraharaNa honA batAyA gayA hai; jaba ki digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM 4 zreSThi-kanyAnoM ke sAtha / zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke anusAra prabhava cora apane 500 1 (ka) tavAni yAmArthavyavadhAnavatI prabhoH / utpanna kevalajJAnaM jambUsvAmimunestadA / / 112 / / [jambU ca0 (rAjamalla), sarga 12] (kha) jambUsvAmicariu, 10:24, pR0 215 2 (ka) kurvan dharmopadezaM sa kevalajJAnalocanaH / varSASTAdazaparyantaM sthitastatra jinAdhipaH / / 120 / / tato jagAma nirvANaM kevalI vipulAcalAt / [jambUsvAmicaritam (rAjamalla)] (kha) jambUsAmicariu (vora viracita), 10:24, pR0 215

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anya mAnyatA bheda] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 235 sAthiyoM ke sAtha jambakUmAra ke ghara meM corI karane hetu dhUsA, vahA~ digambara paramparA prabhava ke sthAna para vidyuccara cora kA, corI karane ke abhiprAya se jambUkumAra ke ghara meM praveza karanA mAnatI hai / saMyoga kI bAta hai ki donoM hI paramparAeM jambUkumAra ke ghara meM corI karane hetu praviSTa hone vAle caurarAT ko kSatriya rAjakUmAra mAnatI haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM prArya prabhava ko vindhya kI talahaTI ke jayapura nAmaka rAjya kA rAjakumAra aura digambara granthakAroM ne vidyuccara ko hastinApura jaise zaktizAlI rAjya kA rAjakumAra batAyA hai|' digambara paramparA ke vidvAn kavi rAjamalla ne vidyuccara ke sAtha dIkSita hue prabhava Adi 500 coroM ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki ve sabhI rAjakumAra the| unhoMne jambUsvAmIcaritra meM prabhava kA do sthaloM para nAmollekha karate hue likhA hai ki vidyuccara ke sAtha prabhava Adi cora bhI dIkSita hue aura bhUta-pretarAkSasAdi dvArA upasthita kiye gaye ghorAMtighora parISahoM se bhI vicalita na ho kara dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA cintana karate hue vidhuccara sarvArthasiddha meM aura prabhava prAdi 500 muni suraloka meM devarUpa se utpanna hue| apabhraMza ke kavi vIra ne vi0 saM0 1076 meM racita "jambUsAmicariu" meM prabhava kA kahIM nAmollekha bhI nahIM kiyA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM jaisA ki Age batAyA jAyagA prArya prabhava kA bahuta UMcA sthAna hai / unheM jambU svAmI kA uttarAdhikArI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tRtIya paTTadhara mAnA gayA hai / para digambara paramparA meM jambU svAmI kA uttarAdhikArI vidya ccara athavA prabhava ko na mAna kara Arya viSNu ko mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM jambUkumAra dvArA mahArAja zreNika kI hastizAlA meM se bandhana tur3A kara bhAge hue madonmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane kA aura vidyAdhara mRgAMka kI sahAyatArtha vidyAdhararAja ratnacUla se yuddha karane aura yuddha meM use do bAra parAjita karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kintu zvetAmbara maramparA dvArA mAnya kisI graMtha meM ina donoM ghaTanAmoM kA kahIM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| prapAtra magadhe deze, vidyate nagaraM mahat / hastinApuraM nAmnA, svarlokaikapuropamam // 28 // tatrAsti saMvaro nAmnA, bhUpo dodaMDamaMDitaH / tasya bhAryAsti zrISeNA, kAmayaSTiH priyaMvadA // 26 // tayoH sUnurabhUnnAmnA, vidvAn vidyuccaro nRpaH / zikSitAH sakalA vidyA, varSamAnakumArataH // 30 // [japU. ca0sagaM .5] zatAnAM paMcasaMkhyAkAH prabhavAdimunIzvarAH bhaMte sallekhanAM kRtvA divaM jagmuryathAyatham // 16 // [vahI sarga 13] } sirigodameNa diNNaM suhammaNAhassa teNa jaMbussa / viNhU gadimitto tatto ya parAjido tatto // 43 // [paMgapaNNatI]

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236 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [anya mAnyatA bheda isake atirikta jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM jambU svAmI kA vIra ni0 saM0 64 meM nirvANa honA mAnA gayA hai aura digambara paramparA ke prAcIna graMtha tiloyapaNNattI tathA paTTAvaliyoM meM vIra ni0 saM0 62 meM tathA aneka digambara granthoM meM vIra ni0saM0 64 meM nirvANa honA mAnA gayA hai| vIra kavi aura jambU vIra kavi ne apane mahAkAvya "jambUsAmicariu" meM jambU svAmI ke jIvana kI katipaya ghaTanAmoM kA vivaraNa dete hue tithiyoM evaM samaya kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai jo vivAdAspada tathyoM ke nirNaya meM zodha kI dRSTi se bar3A sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai ataH unakA saMkSepa meM yahAM ullekha kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai / jambU svAmI ke janma dina ke sambandha meM vIra kavi ne apane mahAkAvya "jambUsAmicariu" meM likhA hai ki vasaMtamAsa meM zuklapakSa kI paMcamI ke dina jisa samaya candramA rohiNI nakSatra meM sthita thA usa samaya vasaMtapaMcamI ke dina pratyUSakAla meM jinamatI ne jambU svAmI ko janma diyaa|' sAgaradatta prAdi cAroM zreSThiyoM ne apane bAlasakhA ahaMddAsa ko paraspara kI gaI pUrvapratijJA kI yAda dilAte hue kahA- "mitra ! tumheM bhalIbhAMti smaraNa hogA ki kumArAvasthA meM krIr3A karate samaya hama logoM ne eka dina yaha pratijJA kI thI ki hama pAMcoM mitroM meM se kisI eka bhAgyavAn mitra ke yadi putra utpanna ho jAya aura zeSa cAroM ke kanyAeM ho jAyaM to hama loga apanI kanyAoM kA pANigrahaNa apane mitra ke putra ke sAtha hI kreNge| puNya ke pratApa se tumhAre ghara putra kA janma humA aura hama cAroM mitra putriyoM ke pitA bane haiN| ataH hameM apanI pratijJAnusAra cAroM kanyAmoM kA jambUkumAra ke sAtha pAriNagrahaNa karA denA cAhiye / prahadAsa ne apane cAroM mitroM kA prastAva saharSa svIkAra kara liyA aura jyotiSI se parAmarza kara una pAMcoM mitroM dvArA akSaya tRtIyA kA dina vivAha ke liye nizcita kiyA gayA / ' 'paMcamihe vasaMte pakne Savale, rohirigaThie mayalaMdhaNe vimale / pannase pasUya samaksaNau, kulamaMgalu jayavalsaha taNau / / [jambUsAmipariu, 4.7, 1068] ' sAyaradattapamuhaNiuttahi, punbaI parahayAsu nayanuttahi / mita kumArabhAve raivaMtahi, kiya paijja paMcAhi mi ramaMtahi / ekho puttu hoi jai palpara, isarahaM para mi jahi kamAu / to taho piyarahiM duhiyau devau, teNa vivareNa tAra pariNekTa / [bamsAmipariTa (vIrakaviracita, vimalaprasAda jaina dvArA sampAdita, 14-4-7, pR.71)] 'biu vivAhalaggu ghaNarAsie. bhAlaya tana dipase johasae / [bahI]

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vIra kavi maura baMbU) kepalikAla : Arya jambU 237 jambU svAmI dvArA mahArAja zreNika kI hastizAlA se bandha tur3A kara bhAge hue madotmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane aura kerala ke vidyAdhararAja mRgAMka ke zatru haMsadvIpa ke zaktisAlI vidyAdharapati candracUla ko yuddha meM parAjita karane kI ghaTanAeM vIra kavi ke ullekhAnusAra jambU svAmI ke vivAha kA dina nizcita ho jAne ke pazcAt kI haiN| svayaM vIra kavi ne isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki ArSa-granthoM athavA unake pUrvavartI jambUcaritroM meM vasaMtavarNana, hAthI kA madamardana aura kerala meM ratnacUla vidyAdhara ke sAtha jambUsvAmI ke yuddha kA varNana nahIM hai / apane grantha meM kevala svayaM dvArA kiye gaye isa prakAra ke varNana ke liye gurujanoM se kSamAyAcanA karate hue usane spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki kAvya ke aMga va rasoM ko samRddha karane hetu ghaTita athavA aghaTita racanAoM kA vicAraka kaviyoM dvArA jo yuktisaMgata varNana kiyA jAtA hai vaha saccaritroM meM ghaTita honA saMbhava mAnA jAtA hai| kavi vIra ke isa kathana kA spaSTa aura sIdhA artha yaha hai ki ye ghaTanAeM vIra kavi ne apane isa kAvya ko eka mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNoM se susamRddha karane kI dRSTi se apanI kalpanAzakti se AviSkRta kI haiN| aitihAsika tathyoM ke samyak paryavekSaNa se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki jisa samaya jambUkumAra yuvA hue usase aneka varSoM pahale hI magadha-samrAT zreNika kA dehAvasAna ho cukA thaa| mahArAja zreNika kI mRtyu ke kucha hI dina anantara kUNika ne magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha nagara se haTA kara campA nagarI meM sthApita kara dI thii| aisI dazA meM jambUkumAra dvArA zreNika ke paTTahastI ko vaza meM karanA, zreNika kI rAjyasabhA meM gaganagati nAmaka vidyAdhara kA prAnA, vidyAdhara mRgAMka dvArA apanI putrI kA mahArAja zreNika ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karAne kA nizcaya karanA, jambUkumAra kA gaganagati ke sAtha vimAna meM baiThakara ratnacUla se yuddha karane hetu prasthAna tathA mahArAja zreNika kA senA sahita jambU kI sahAyatArtha kerala kI ora prayANa karanA, yuddha meM jambUkumAra kI vijaya, mRgAMka dvArA apanI putrI kA thegika ke sAtha vivAha karanA, jambUkumAra ke sAtha mahArAja zreNika kA rAjagRha nagara meM praveza karane se pUrva upavana meM sudharmAsvAmI ke darzana kara unheM vandana-namana karanA aura jambUsvAmI ke abhiniSkramaNa ke samaya mahArAja zreNika dvArA jambUkumAra ko pAlakI meM baiThAkara unake sAtha-sAtha upavana meM Arya sudharmA ke pAsa jAnA Adi zreNika ke sambandha meM vIra kavi dvArA apane isa mahAkAvya meM diyA gayA sabhI vivaraNa kavi kI kalpanAmAtra hai| / prArimakahAe ahiyaM mahukIlA kari-nariMdapatthAraNaM / saMgAmo vittamiraNaM jaM diLaM taM khamaMtu mahu guruNo / / 1 / / kavvaMgarasasamiddha citaMtAraNaM kaINa savvaM pi / vittamahavA na vittaM saccarie dhar3ai juttamutta jaM / / 2 / / [vahI, saMdhi 8-1] ,

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238 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vIra kavi aura baMdU haMsadvopapati vidyAdhararAja ratnacUla ko vijita kara tathA keralapati vitAdhareza mRgAMka kI kanyA vilAsavatI kA mahArAja zreNika ke sAtha pAriNagrahaNa karAne ke pazcAt jambUkumAra ne rAjagRha ke bAhara sthita eka upavana meM gaNAdhipati sudharmasvAmI se unake prati apane hRdaya meM umar3ate hue snehasAgara kA kAraNa aura apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta pUchA / usa samaya bhI prArya sudharmA svAmI ne eka nizcita samaya kA gallekha karate hue jambUkumAra se kahA ki Aja se dasaveM dina 'tumhArA una cAra zreSThikanyAnoM ke sAtha pAriNagrahaNa hogA, jo ki naesvarga ke deva bhava meM tumhArI cAra deviyAM thiiN|'. . bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paMcama gaNadhara prArya sudharmA svAmI ke nirvANakAla ke sambandha meM vIra kavi ne likhA hai ki dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt jambUsvAmI ko bAraha prakAra ke mahAtapa karate hae jaba 18 varSa vyatIta ho gaye, usa samaya mAgha zuklA saptamI ke dina prAtaHkAla kI velA meM sudharmA svAmI ne vipulAcala para nirvANa prApta kiyaa|2: sudharmA svAmI ke nirvANa pazcAt arddha prahara dina vyatIta hone para jambUsvAmI ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke sambandha meM vIra kavi ne likhA hai ki kaivalyaprApti ke pazcAt jambUsvAmI 18 varSa taka bhavyajanoM kA uddhAra karate rahe aura aMta meM (dIkSA grahaNa karane ke 3.6 varSa pazcAt ) unhoMne vipulAcala ke zikhara para praSTakarmoM kA kSaya kara nirvANa prApta kiyaa| jaMbU dvArA vidyut cora ko pratibodha mahApurANa (uttarapurANa) meM digambara AcArya guNabhadra ne vidyuccora kA paricaya dete hae zreSThI ahahAsa ke gRha meM corI karane kI icchA se apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha usake praveza kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai :1 jaMtaM tau ciru devicaukkaM, chammAsAvahiM-piyayamamukkaM / cikabhavanehanivada prAya, sAyaradattAINaM jAyaM / / ........................................ dizaM tujjha tAeM taM savvaM, dasamae vAsare pariNeyavyaM / [jaM0 cariu, 8-5, pR0 151-152] 2'aTThArahavarisahaM kAlu gau mAhaho siyasattami pasare ta u / viulairisihare visuddhaguriNa nivAraNu patta sohammu muriga // 23 // 1 [vahI 10-23, pR0 215] 3 tatleva divasi paharImANi pAuriyajoeM sukkajhANi / palipaMkAsINaho nimmamAsu jaMbUkumAra muriNapuMgamAsu / uppaNNau kevalu puNu niraMdhu avaloyau tihuyaNu ekkakhaMghu / - [vahI, 10-24] 4 bhavvayaNacittacUriyakutakku, aTThArahavarisahaM jAma thakku / viulairisihari kammaTThacattu siddhAlaya sAsayasokkhapattu / [vahI, 10-24, pR0 215]

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236 vicucora ko pratibodha] kevalikAla : prAyaM jambU "padmazrI, kanakadhI, vinayazrI aura rUpazrI nAma kI apanI cAroM navavivAhitA patniyoM ke sAtha jambUkumAra prathama-milana kI rAtri meM apane prAsAda ke atyanta manorama DhaMga se susajjita zayanakakSa meM baiThe hue the / jambUkumAra kI mAtA jinadAsI ke hRdaya kI dhar3akana rAtri ke eka-eka kSaNa ke vyatIta hone ke sAtha-sAtha nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI thii| yaha rAtri usakI kulaparamparA, gArhasthya jIvana aura usake jIvana ke samasta prakAra ke prAkarSaNa aura bhaviSya ke liye antima nirNAyaka rAtri thii| vaha apane antara meM ananta utsukatA liye bAra-bAra dabe pAMvoM apane zayanakakSa se nikala kara apane nayanatAre jambU ke zayanakakSa ke dvAra para AtI aura banda kapAToM para kAna rakha kara yaha jAnanA cAhatI thI ki apsarAoM ke samAna anupama sundara usakI cAra nava-kulavadhueM apanI rUpasudhA se usake lAla ko madavihvala kara apane sneha-sUtra ke pragAr3ha bandhana meM prAbaddha karane meM safala huIM athavA nhiiN| apane putra aura putravadhuoM ke vArtAlApa kA jo thor3A bahuta aMza usake karNarandhroM meM par3atA usase usakI prAzAoM para tuSArApAta ho jAtA aura vaha aparisIma vedanA se chaTapaTAtI huI punaH apane kakSa kI ora lauTa jaatii| use sArA saMsAra andhakArapUrNa pratIta hone lgtaa| kucha hI kSaNoM pazcAt vaha punaH prAzA kA sambala liye jambUkumAra ke zayanAgAra ke dvAra para phNctii| mAtRsneha ne isa krama ko nirantara banAye rakhA / vaha svAsocchvAsa ko avaruddha kiye apane lADale lAla ke zayanagRha ke dvAra para kAna lagAye khar3I thii| - usI samaya vidyutprabha nAmaka eka pratisAhasI kukhyAta cora ne apane 500. sAthI coroM ke sAtha prahadAsa ke ghara meM praveza kiyaa| vaha cora podanapura nagara ke rAjA vidyutarAja aura rAnI vimalamatI kA putra thA / vidyutaprabha kisI kAraNavaza apane bar3e bhAI se ruSTa ho apane pAMca sau yoddhAnoM ke sAtha podanapura se nikala gayA aura cauryakarma se apanI AjIvikA calAtA thaa| vaha adRzya hone aura tAloM tathA kapAToM ko kholane kI vidyA meM nipuNa thA / jinadAsI ko vinidra aura cintitAvasthA meM kapATa ke pAsa khar3I dekha kara vidyutprabha ne usase usakA kAraNa puuchaa| mAtA jinadAsI ne apanI athAha antarvyathA ko uMDelate hue saMkSepa meM apanI cintA kA kAraNa vidyaccora ko batA diyaa| vidyuccora ne jaba yaha sUnA ki kuberopama apAra kAMcanarAzi aura kAminiyoM kA parityAga kara yuvA janbUkumAra dIkSita honA cAhatA hai to usake antarcA unmIlita ho gaye / use apane cauryakarma se aura svayaM apane Apase ghRNA ho gii| usane jinadAsI ko Azvasta karate hue jambUkumAra ke zayanakakSa meM praveza kiyA aura unheM tyAgamArga se vimukha tathA bhogamArga kI ora unmukha karane hetu apanI samastaM vAkcAturI, sutIkSNa buddhi paura naipuNya kA prayoga kiyaa| vidyumora pora jammUkumAra ke bIca kAphI dera saMvAda calA aura aMtatogatvA vidyuyora jambUkumAra ke virakti ke raMga meM

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24.. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vidyubora ko pratiboSa svayaM raMga gayA evaM dUsare dina apane pAMca sau sAthiyoM sahita jambUkumAra ke sAtha hI dIkSita ho gyaa| vIra kavi racita apabhranza bhASA ke mahAkAvya 'jambUcariu' ke AdhAra para digambara paramparA ke vidvAn kavi jamalla ne vikrama saMvat 1632 meM racita 'jambUsvAmicaritam' meM jambUkumAra ko saMsAra se virakti hone ke kAraNa kA vivaraNa dete hue aneka naI bAtoM para prakAza DAlA hai, jinakA zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM koI ullekha nahIM hai| aitihAsika zodha ko haSTi se ve bAteM bar3I mahatvapUrNa haiM ataH unakA yahAM sArarUpa meM ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| kavi rAjamalla ne apane ukta kAvya ke chaThe sarga meM jambUkumAra dvArA madonmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane, sAtaveM sarga meM jambUkumAra dvArA vidyAdhara rAjA, ralacUla ko parAjita kara mRgAMka nAmaka vidyAdhararAja kI usase rakSA karane aura pAThaveM sarga meM vidyAdhararAja para vijaya kA tathA jambUkumAra aura mahArAja zreNika ke nagarapraveza kA varNana karane ke pazcAt 'jambUsvAmipariNayanotsavavarNanam' nAmaka navama sarga ke prArambha meM unako virakti hone kI ghaTanA kA vRttAnta diyA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai: ' suto mamAyaM rAgeNa prerito vikRti bhajan / smitahAsakaTAkSekSaNAdimAki bhavennavA // 51 // ityAtmAnaM tiroSAya pazyantI sthAsyati snihA / mAtA tasya tadavaka: pApiSThaH prathamAMzakaH // 52 // suramyaviSaye syAtapodanAsyapurezinaH / vidrAvasya tugvivRttabho nAma bhaTAgraNI / / 53 / / tIkSNo vimalabatyazca kRSyA kenApi hetunA / nivAgrajAya nirgatya tasmAtpaMcazamiTaH // 54 // vicacorAhvayaM kRtvA svasya prApya purImimAm / jAnannadRzyadehatvakapATobATanAdikam / / 5 / / corazAstropadezena tantramantravizAradaH / mahaddAsagRhAbhyantarasthaM corayituM dhanam / / 56 / / pravizya naSTaniMdAntAM binavAsI vilokya saH / nivecAtmAnamevaM kiM, vinidrAsIti vakSyati // 5 // sUnunamaka evAyaM prAtareva tapovanam / ahaM gamIti saMkalpa sthitastenAsminophinI / / 5 / / dhImAnasi yadIma , bAyasvAhAttataH / upAvara te sarva padAsthAmyatrIpsitam IRell iti mAtrI bhavetsApi so'pi sampratipada tat / evaM sampannamono'pi ziva piriraMsati // 6 // [uttarapurAla parva

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fage ko pratibodha ] kevalikAla : Arya jambU 241 " eka dina jambUkumAra ne apane mana meM vicAra kiyA ki vizAla vaibhava zraura vipula yaza kI jo unheM prApti huI hai vaha kisa sukRta ke pratApa se huI hai ? apanI isa Antarika jijJAsA ko zAnta karane ke liye jambUkumAra eka muni ke pAsa gaye aura unhoMne muni ko savidhi vandana karane ke pazcAt prazna kiyA "bhagavan ! maiM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki maiM vAstava meM kauna hUM, kahAM se AyA hUM aura jo kucha mujhe prApta huA hai vaha kisa puNya ke phala se huA hai ? Apa dayA kara mujhe mere pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunAiye / " saudharma nAmaka una muni ne, jo ki dharmopadezaka the, uttara diyA - "vatsa ! suna maiM tujhe pUrva bhavoM kA vRttAnta sunAtA huuN|' isI magadha deza meM varddhamAna nAmaka grAma meM kisI samaya bhAvadeva aura bhavadeva nAmaka do sahodara rahate the / una donoM ne kramazaH jaina zramaraNa dIkSA grahaNa kI aura bahuta varSo taka zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kara mRtyu keM pazcAt sanatkumAra nAmaka svarga meM donoM bhAI deva rUpa meM utpanna hue / tatpazcAt devAyu pUrNa hone para bar3e bhAI bhAvadeva kA jIva vajradanta nAmaka rAjA ke putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huA aura usakA nAma sAgaracandramA rakhA gayA / choTe bhAI bhavadeva kA jIva devaloka se cyuta ho mahApadma cakravartI kA zivakumAra nAmaka putra huA / sAgara candra saMyama graharaNa kara kaThora tapazcaryA karane lagA aura zivakumAra mAtA-pitA ke atyadhika anurodha ke kAraNa ghara meM rahate hue bhI pUrNarUpeNa zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue SaSThabhakta, praSThabhakta, arddhamAsika, mAsika Adi ghora tapazcaraNa aura ina tapasrAtroM ke pAraNa ke dina prAcAmlavrata karane lagA / isa prakAra zivakumAra ne ghara meM rahate hue hI 64,000 varSa taka ghora tapazcararaNa kiyA / anta meM samAdhipUrvaka maraNa prApta kara kramazaH donoM brahmonara svarga meM deva hue / daza sAgara kI devAyu pUrNa hone para bar3e bhAI bhAvadeva kA jIva magadha deza ke saMvAhanapura nAmaka nagara ke adhipati rAjA supratiSTha kI rAnI dharmavatI kI kukSi se putrarUpa meM utpanna huA / usakA nAma saudharma rakhA gayA / saudharmakumAra kramazaH sabhI vidyAtroM meM niSNAta huaa| eka dina rAjA supratiSTha apane parivAra sahita bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzana-vandana- namana evaM upadezazravaNa ke liye prabhu ke samavazaraNa meM pahuMcA / bhagavAn kI bhavarogavinAzinI dezanA sunakara rAjA supratiSTha ne prabhu ke pAsa nirgrantha dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| thor3e hI dinoM meM vaha supratiSTha muni samasta zrutazAstra ke jJAtA bana gaye aura bhagavAn ne unheM caturtha gaNadhara ke pada para niyukta kiyA | 3 1 prayovAca munirnAmnA sodharmo dharmadezakaH / zRNu vatsa vadeteya, vRttAntaM pUrvajanmanaH // 8 // 2 [jambUsvAmicaritam ( paM0 rAjamalla - racita) sarga 6 ] jambUsvAmicaritam (paM0 rAjamallaracitaM ), sarga 6, zlo0 18 - 23 * divasaiH katibhibhikSuH zrutapUrNo'bhavanmuniH / gaNadharasturyo jAto varddhamAnajinezinaH ||28|| [ vahI ]

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242 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vidyucora ko pratiboSa saudharmakumAra ne kucha dina pazcAt apane pitA supratiSTha ko bhagavAn ke gaNadhara ke rUpa meM dekhA to use bhI saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura vaha bhI pravajita ho gyaa| thor3e samaya ke pazcAt vaha bhI bhagavAn kA pAMcavAM gaNadhara bana gyaa| sudharmA nAma kA vaha paMcama gaNadhara maiM hI haM jo ki tumhAre bhavadeva ke bhava meM tumhArA bhAvadeva nAmaka bar3A bhAI thaa|' tuma (choTe bhAI bhavadeva kA jIva) brahmottara svarga se cyuta ho rAjagRha nagara ke zreSThI arhaddAsa kI patnI jinamatI kI kukSi se putra rUpa meM utpanna hue / tumhArA nAma jambUkumAra rakhA gayo / ' vidyunmAli deva ke bhava meM jo tumhArI cAra deviyAM thIM ve bhI kramazaH paMcama svarga se cyuta ho rAjagRha nagara ke vAddhidatta Adi zreSThiyoM ke ghara meM putriyoM ke rUpa meM utpanna huI haiN| ve bhI pUrvabhava ke sneha ke kAraNa tumheM prANapaNa se cAhatI haiM aura ve tumhArI lokadharmAnusAra vivAhita patniyAM bneNgii|" vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSyat ko pratyakSa kI taraha dekhane vAle cArajJAnadhArI sudharmA svAmI ke mukha se apane pUrvabhavoM kA vRttAnta sunakara sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM ke prati jambUkumAra ke hRdaya meM utkaTa vairAgya kI bhAvanAeM udbhUta huii| unakA antarmana prabuddha ho gayAM ataH unheM bhavabhramaNa bhayAvaha pratIta hone lagA aura unake mana meM apane zarIra taka ke prati kisI prakAra kA vyAmoha avaziSTa na rhaa| jambUkumAra ne vinayapUrvaka sudharmA svAmI ko praNAma karate hue prArthanA kI"dayAsindho ! jisa prakAra Apane pUrvabhava meM nizchala, svaccha aura sacce bandhutva kA nirvahana karate hue merA uddhAra kiyA thA, usI prakAra Apa aba bhI mujhe nigraMtha zramaNadharma meM dIkSita kara merA isa bhavasAgara se uddhAra kiijiye|" bhogoM ke prati nispRha evaM prAtmakalyANa ke liye samutsuka jambUkumAra ko prAsannabhavya (nikaTa bhaviSya meM mukti prApta karane vAlA) jAnate hue bhI Arya sudharmA ne komala svara meM kahA- "jambU ! kahAM to tumhArI yaha sukumArAvasthA aura kahAM bar3e-bar3e sAdhakoM ke liye bhI kaThinatApUrvaka pAlA jAne vAlA yaha zramaNAcAra ? phira bhI yadi tumhAre hRdaya meM dIkSita hone kI utkaTa abhilASA hai to eka bAra apane bandhuvarga ko pUchakara, unakA samAdhAna karake phira dIkSA grahaNa kro|" yaha sunakara jambUkumAra kucha kSaNoM ke liye vicAra meM par3a gye| anta meM unhoMne guru AjJA ke samakSa haTha karanA ucita na samajha mAtA-pitA kI AjJA 'saudharmo'pi tathA pazcAd vIkSya taM gagAnAyakam / jAtasaMveganirveda: pravadrAja mahAmuniH / / 2 / / kramAtso'pyabhavattasya paMcamo gaNanAyakaH / so'haM sudharmanAmA syAM bhavadbhAtRcaro'dhunA / / 30 / / jaMbUsvAmicaritam (paM0 rAjamalla)] 2vaM hi tato divazcyutvA vidyunmAliMcaro'maraH / . .. prahaMdAsagRhe sUnurjAtaH sarvasukhAkaraH // 33 // . vahI]

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vidhucora ko pratiboSa] kevalikAla : mArya jambU 243 prApta karane ke pazcAt hI dIkSita hone kA nizcaya kiyaa| tadanusAra ve apanI mAtA ke pAsa gaye aura apanI prAntarika icchA unake samakSa prakaTa kii| zokAkula ho mAtA-pitA ne unheM samajhAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA para vyartha / jambUkumAra ko unake dIkSita hone ke dRr3ha nizcaya se kiMcitamAtra bhI vicalita na hote dekha ahaMdAsa ne vAddhidatta Adi cAroM zreSThiyoM ke pAsa jinakI ki putriyoM ke sAtha jaMbUkumAra kA vivAha honA nizcita ho cukA thA- saMdeza bhejakara unheM jambUkumAra ke dIkSita hone ke dRr3ha nizcaya se avagata kraayaa| una cAroM zreSThiyoM ne apanI putriyoM ko jambUkumAra ke dIkSita hone kA nizcaya sunAte hue unheM anya kisI vara se vivAha karane kA sujhAva diyaa| cAroM kanyAnoM ne apane-apane mAtA-pitA ko kahA ki ve antarmana se jambUkumAra ko apanA pati cuna cukI haiM prataH jambUkumAra ke sAtha hI unakA vivAha kara diyA jAya / yadi ve vivAho. parAnta apane pati ko bhoga-mArga kI prora prAkarSita kara sakI to ThIka, anyathA ve bhI unake sAtha-sAtha dIkSita ho jaaeNgii| antatogatvA jambUkumAra ne ahaMdAsa aura jinamatI ke ananya anuroSa se isa zarta para una cAroM kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha karanA svIkAra kara liyA ki vivAhoparAnta unheM dIkSita hone se rokA nahIM jaaygaa| . ... bar3I dhUmadhAma aura samArohapUrvaka jambUkumAra kA padmazrI prAdi cAra kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha sampanna huaa| vivAhoparAnta padmazrI prAdi navavadhueM apane pati jambUkumAra ko vividha upAyoM, yuktiyoM, dRSTAntoM Adi se bhogamArga kI bhora prAkarSita karane kA aura jambUkumAra apanI patniyoM ko viSayabhogoM kI duHkhAntatA aura bhavabhramaNa kI vibhISikA ke viSaya meM samajhAne kA prayAsa karane lge| rambhA tulya cAroM navavadhanoM ne saMmohaka vividha hAva-bhAvoM evaM ceSTAnoM se jamvRkumAra ke mana meM. kAmAgni pradIpta karane kA pUrNarUpeNa prayAsa kiyA kintu jambUkumAra nistaraMga athAha pAthodhi kI taraha zAnta tathA nizcala bane rheN| jisa samaya jambUkumAra aura unakI cAroM patniyoM meM paraspara vArtAlApa ho rahA thA, usa samaya vidhuccara nAmaka eka cora mahahAsa ke ghara meM coro karane ke liye ghusaa| jambUkumAra ke ghara meM dhanAgAroM ko dekhate samaya vidyaccara kI dRSTi bar3e hI AkarSaka DhaMga se saje hue jambUkumAra ke zayanAgAra para par3I / usake mana meM kutuhala jAgRta humA aura usane nizcaya kiyA ki ratnAdi bahumUlya vastunoM ko to yahAM se lauTate samaya hI le laMgA, pahale jambUkumAra aura unakI navavadhunoM kA vArtAlApa hI suna lUM / yaha vicAra kara viNucara jambUkumAra ke zayanAgAra ke eka banda dvAra se apanA kAna saTAkara khar3A ho gyaa| suhAgarASi (prathama milana kI rAtri) ke samaya bahumAra ke mukha se bhogoM ke prati nirAsakti prakaTa karane vAlI bAteM sunakara rAsa-dina kAmalatA yevA vivAda

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244 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vidyuccora ko pratibodha gRha meM viSayAsakta rahane vAlA vidyuccara cora stabdha raha gyaa| vaha aura sAvadhAna hokara navavivAhita vara-vadhuoM kI bAteM bar3e dhyAna se sunane lgaa| . jambUkumAra aura unakI cAra navavadhutroM kA paraspara jo saMvAda ho rahA thA use vidyuccara spaSTarUpa se suna rahA thaa| use bar3A Azcarya ho rahA thA ki yaha nava tAruNya kI bhogayogya vaya, sabhI prakAra kI bhogya sAmagrI sahajarUpeNa samupalabdha, surasundariyoM ke samAna anupama rUpalAvaNyavatI cAra navavivAhitA lokadharmAnusAra nyAyataH prApta patniyAM, ekAnta sthAna, viSayabhogoM ke upabhoga kI pUrNa sAmarthya, kuberopama vaibhava, bhogopabhogoM ke liye anurodha aura AgrahabharA AmantraNa kintu yaha taruNa nirvikAra, nirlipta aura nizcala banA huA hai / aisA abhUtapUrva pAzcarya usake dRSTigocara honA to dUra usake karNarandhroM meM bhI kabhI nahIM par3A hai| vaha apane cora-kArya ko bhUla kara navadampati ke adbhuta aura antastalasparzI saMvAda ko sunane meM prAtmavismRta ho tallIna ho gyaa| ___mAtA jinamatI ke liye yaha rAtri usake kuTumba evaM vaMza-paramparA ke bhaviSya ke liye nirNAyaka rAtri thii| usake hRdaya meM yaha jAnane kI utkaNThA bAra-bAra balavatI banatI jA rahI thI ki usakI rUpa-yauvana aura sarvaguNa sampannA cAra putravadhueM usake ikalaute lADale lAla ko bhogamArga kI ora AkRSTa karane meM saphala huI haiM yA nhiiN| isa utkaTa utkaNThA ko apane antara meM liye vaha bAra-bAra chupe pAvoM jambUkumAra ke zayanakakSa ke dvAroM ke pAsa prAkara kAna lagA kara apane putra aura putravadhuoM ke vArtAlApa ko sunatI aura apane putra ko apane nizcaya para acala samajha kara hatAza ho punaH apane zayanakakSa kI ora lauTa jaatii| dhAriNI kA yaha krama bIca-bIca meM kucha kSaNoM ke vyavadhAnoM se nirantara cala rahA thaa| isa bAra vaha dabe pAMvoM jambUkumAra ke zayanakakSa ke usa dvAra kI pora AI jahAM cora vidyuccara apanI sudha-budha bhUle nava vara aura vadhuoM kA saMlApa suna rahA thaa| . dvAra para saTe cora para dRSTipAta hote hI jinamatI ne Azcarya evaM bhaya mizrita svara meM pUchA - "are ! isa samaya yahAM tuma kauna ho?" . vidhuccara ne manda kintu nirbhaya svara meM uttara diyA - "bahina ! tuma vihvala na honA / maiM vidyuccara nAmaka cora haM jo tumhAre isI rAjagaha nagara meM rahate hue coriyAM karatA rahatA huuN| maiMne tumhAre isa bhavana se bhI aneka bAra ratna-svarNa aura vipula dhana curAyA hai / usI cauryakArya ke liye maiM prAja bhI yahAM pAyA thaa|" mAM jinamatI ne ranehasikta svara meM kahA- "vatsa ! mere isa ghara meM se jo kucha tumheM acchA lage vahI le jA sakate ho|"" vidyuccara ne kahA- "bahina ! saca mAno, prAja corI karane kI icchA hI nahIM ho rahI hai| bhAja maiMne apane jIvana meM pahalI bAra yaha adRSTapUrva-azratapUrva pratyanta adbhuta kutUhalapUrNa dRzya evaM saMvAda dekhA aura sunA hai ki divya rUpalAvaNyamayI yuvatiyoM ke kaTAkSoM bhora karuNa-komala prArthanA svaroM se isa yuvaka kA

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vidyucora ko pratibodha ] kevalikAla : bhrAyaM jambU 245 mana kiMcitamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM huA / meM yaha jAnanA cAhatA hUM ki isa saba ke pIche kAraNa kyA hai| Aja se tuma merI dharma bahina ho aura meM tumhArA sahodaropama bhAI / " apane udvelita azrusamudra ko haThAt rokate hue sAhasa baTora kara jinamatI ne kahA - "bhaiyA ! mujhe apane prANoM se bhI adhika priya aura mere kula kA dIpaka yaha merA ikalautA putra hai / isane jaina zramaraNa - dIkSA grahaNa karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA hai| mohavaza hamane bar3e haThAgrahapUrvaka isakA vivAha kara diyA hai para yaha sUryodaya hote hI saba kucha chor3a - chiTakA kara jaina zramaNa bana jAyagA / isake isa avazyaMbhAvI viyoga ke vajra se merA hRdaya khaMDa-khaMDa ho vicUriMgata ho rahA hai / " vidyuccara ne kahA - "bahina ! yadi aisI kisI prakAra kI cintA na kro| maiM abhI kucha hI pUrNa kiye detA huuN| jambUkumAra ko gRhastha dharma kI vyakti ke liye eka sAdhAraNa sarala kArya hai / kisI na kisI taraha tuma mujhe eka bAra jambUkumAra ke pAsa pahuMcA do / phira dekhanA ki jisa kArya ko tuma nitAnta dussAdhya samajhatI ho, use maiM kisa prakAra bAta hI bAta meM susAdhya hI nahIM, siddha banA detA huuN|" bAta hai to tuma apane mana meM kSaNoM meM tumhArI manokAmanA prora pravRtta karanA mere jaise kucha ho kSaraNa gahana cintana kI mudrA meM khar3I rahane ke pazcAt jinamatI apane putra ke zayanAgAra ke dvAra para zanaiH zanaiH tarjanI-prahAra kiyA / jambUkumAra ne tatkSaraNa dvAra kholA aura bar3e Adara ke sAtha apanI mAtA ko eka uccAsana para baiThAkara vinamra svara meM pUchA - "amba ! isa samaya Apane kisa kAraNa svayaM padhArane kA kaSTaM kiyA ?" jinamatI ne kahA- "putra ! jisa samaya tuma garbhastha the usa samaya merA bhAI vyApArArtha videza gayA huA thaa| vaha aba lauTA hai / tumhAre vivAha kI zubha sUcanA milate hI yaha tumheM dekhane kI utkaNThA liye bar3I dUra se calakara prAyA hai / " jambUkumAra ne apane mAtula se milane kI abhilASA prakaTa kii| vidyuccara ko nimatI tatkAla jambUkumAra ke zayanakakSa meM le gii| jambUkumAra mAyAmAtula (kRtrima mAmA ) ko dekhate hI apane prAsana se uThe aura donoM ne praphullita ho eka dUsare ko apane bAhupAza meM bhAbaddha kara liyA / paraspara kuzalakSema ke praznottara ke pazcAt praharniza catura vezyA kI saMgati meM rahane vAle catura vidyuccara ne apanI vAkcAturI kA camatkAra dikhAte hue jambUkumAra ko bhogamArga kI ora AkRSTa karane kA bharapUra prayAsa kiyA / usane . bar3I caturAI se jAdUbharI zailI meM tyAgamArga ke prati tatkAla anAsthA utpanna kara bhogamArga kI ora AkRSTa kara dene vAle aneka dRSTAnta prastuta kiye| kabhI na utarane vAle vairAgya ke raMga meM raMge hue pratyutpannamati jambUkumAra ne vidyuccara dvArA

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246 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [viyubora ko pratiboSa prastuta kiye gaye pratyeka dRSTAnta kA usase bhI adhika yuktisaMgata evaM prabhAvotpAdaka dRSTAnta sunA kara sahaja zAnta svara meM uttara diyaa| paryApta samaya taka yaha rocaka saMvAda calA / antatogatvA pariNAma yaha huA ki jo mAmAjI bhAnaje para apanA raMga jamAne Aye the ve svayaM hI bhAnaje ke vairAgyaraMga meM pUrNarUpeNa raMga gye| vidyuccara ne jambUkumAra ke caraNoM meM apanA sAMjali mastaka jhukAte hue ati vinIta svara meM kahA- "mahAprAjJa mahAtman ! Apa dhanya haiM / ApakI jitanI bhI prazaMsA kI jAya vaha kama hai| prApa nirvikAra aura nirlepa haiM ataH Apake liye isa bhISaNa bhavodadhi ko pAra kara lenA koI kaThina kArya nhiiN|" . tadanantara vidyuccara ne jambUkumAra ko apanA vAstavika paricaya dete hue kahA- "kumAra ! maiM hastinApura ke mahApratApI rAjA saMvara aura unakI mahArAnI zrISeNA kA vidyuccara nAmaka putra huuN| maiMne varddhamAna kumAra se saba prakAra kI vidyAnoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kii| usake pazcAta caurya-vidyA meM nipuNatA prApta karane kI mere mana meM utkaNThA utpanna huii| sarvaprathama maiMne apane hI rAjyakoSa meM se bahumUlya ratna curAye paraM corI karate hue mujhe kisI rAjapuruSa ne dekha liyA thA ataH mere pitA mahArAja saMbara mere usa vRNita kArya se avagata ho gye| unhoMne mujhe rAjya-saMpatti kA khule rUpa meM yatheccha upabhoga karane kI anujJA dete hue saba prakAra se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA ki maiM ubhayaloka bigAr3ane vAle ati garhaNIya caurya karma kA parityAga kara dUM para usa samaya mere hRdaya para pUrNarUpeNa durbuddhi kA Adhipatya thA ataH maiMne dhRSThatApUrvaka uttara diyA- mahArAja! rAjya kI sampatti cAhe kitanI hI vipula kyoM na ho, Akhira vaha parimita hI hai kintu cauryakArya ke antargata lakSmI kA koI pAra nahIM, vaha aparimita hai| yaha kaha kara maiM isa rAjagRha nagara meM calA pAyA aura kAmalatA nAma kI vezyA ke yahAM rAta-dina viSayopabhogoM meM nirata rahate hue coriyAM karane lgaa| para mAja Apane merI antara kI cakSuSoM ke nimIlita prakSapaTaloM ko unmIlita kara diyA hai / aba maiM bhI apanA pratmakalyANa kruuNgaa|" - isI samaya prAtaHkAla ho gyaa| mahArAja zreNika ko jambUkumAra ke dIkSita hone kA samAcAra milate hI ve apane samasta rAjakIya vaibhava ke sAtha ahaMddAsa ke ghara para Aye / jambUkumAra ne dIkSA lene hetu vana kI ora prayANa kiyaa| rAjA zreNika ne unheM zibikA meM prArUr3ha kiyaa|' jambUkumAra ko dIkSArtha jAte dekha rAjagRha nagara meM cAroM ora zoka kA vAtAvaraNa phaila gyaa| ' aitihAsika tathyoM ke vizleSaNa se jambUkumAra ke samaya meM paNDita rAjamalma DArA ulli. khita magadhapati mahArAja zreNika sambandhI samasta vivaraNa nirAdhAra aura kavi kI kalpanAmAtra siddha hotA hai kyoMki jambUkumAra jisa samaya ghuTanoM ke bala bhI nahIM pate hoMge usameM pahale hI Nika kA dehAvasAna ho cukA thaa| -sampAdaka

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247 . vidyubora ko pratibodha] kevalikAla : mArya jambU ___ jambUkumAra ne sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa pahuMca kara vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kiyA aura paMcamuSTi luMcana kara unase nirgrantha zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| jambUkumAra ke pazcAt aneka rAjAnoM ne dIkSA grahaNa kI / tadanantara vidyuccara cora ne prabhava Adi 500 rAjakumAroM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kI jo sabhI cauryakarma meM nirata rahate the| inake pazcAt jinadAsa ne bhI samasta aihika sukha-vaibhava kA parityAga kara saMyama grahaNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt jambUkumAra kI mAtA jinamatI ne aura jambUkumAra kI padmazrI Adi cAroM patniyoM ne bhI suprabhA AryakA ke pAsa zramaNI-dIkSA grahaNa kii| __jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa gamana ke varNana ke pazcAt paNDita rAjamalla ne jambUsvAmicaritra meM vidyuccara muni dvArA apane prabhava Adi 500 sAdhuparivAra sahita mathurA nagarI kI ora vihAra karane, mathurA ke mahodyAna meM Thaharane, sUryAstavelA meM caNDamAri nAma kI vanadevI dvArA unheM usa mahodyAna meM rAtri ke samaya bhUtapretAdi dvArA ghora upasarga dene kI sambhAvanA.kI pUrvasUcanA diye jAne ke sAthasAtha unheM vahAM se vihAra kara anyatra cale jAne kA parAmarza diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| isake pazcAt yaha batAyA gayA hai ki una muniyoM ne sUryAsta ke pazcAt vihAra karanA anucita samajha kara vahIM Avazyaka zramaraNakriyAeM karanA prArambha kara diyaa| rAtri ke samaya bhUtapretAdi dvArA vidyuccara aura unake 500 sAthI sAdhuoM ko tAr3ana, tarjana, mardana Adi ghora upasarga diye gaye / pizAcoM dvArA una muniyoM ko zUlAdi tIkSNa zastroM ke prahAroM se kSata-vikSata kiyA gayA, bAra-bAra AkAza meM Upara uThA kara pRthvI para paTakA gyaa| para ve sabhI muni zAntabhAva se una dussahya parISahoM ko sahate rhe| mahAmuni vidyuccara ko una pretAdi dvArA sabase adhika kaSTa diyA gayA para unhoMne anityAnuprekSA Adi 12 prakAra kI anuprekSAoM se apane mana ko nizcala banAye rkhaa| prAtaHkAla hote hI upasarga to zAnta hue, kintu una muniyoM ke zarIra tAr3ana, chedA, bhedana Adi ke kAraNa itane jarjarita ho gaye the ki unheM jIne kI AzA na rhii| una 501 muniyoM ne saMlekhanApUrvaka cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA karate hue deha tyAga kiyA / utkaTa bhAvazuddhi ke kAraNa muni vidyuccara sarvArthasiddha ' tataH kecittu bhUpAlAH, zuddhasamyakta vabhUSitAH / babhUvurmunayo nUnaM, yathAjAtasvarUpakAH // 64 / / matha vidyu ccaro dasyuvirakto bhavabhogataH / sarvasaMgaparityAgalamaNaM vratamagrahIt // 66 // sAdhaM paMcazatabhUpapurAsItsa sNymii| dasyukarmarataH . sarveH, prabhavAdisusaMzikaH // 6 // [jambUsvAmicaritam, sarga 12]

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248 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vidyubora ko pratibodha vimAna meM 33 sAgara kI prAyu vAle deva bane aura prabhava prAdi 500 muni bhI svarga meM mahardika deva rUpa se utpanna hue|' kevalikAla ke rAjavaMza . aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama ke paryavekSaNa se yaha sahaja hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prAcIna samaya meM rAjA aura prajA kA pArasparika sambandha adhikAMzataH bar3A hI madhura aura pragAr3ha rahA / deza ke sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, prArthika evaM dhArmika abhyutthAna meM janasAdhAraNa kI taraha rAjavaMzoM ne bhI samaya-samaya para apanI prora se ullekhanIya yogadAna kiyA, isakI puSTi meM bar3I hI pracura mAtrA meM pramANa upalabdha hote haiN| prAcIna kAla meM jaina dharma ke pallavana se lekara pracAra-prasAra, abhyutthAna prAdi sabhI kAryoM meM jaba-jaba aura jo-jo bhI lokajanIna prayAsa kiye gaye, unameM rAjavaMzoM ne bhI janasAdhAraNa ke sAtha kaMdhe se kaMdhA milA kara bar3A mahattvapUrNa sakriya sahayoga diyA hai| vastutaH prAcIna kAla ke rAjavaMzoM kA lokajIvana ke sAtha aisA saMpRkta sambandha rahA ki bhArata kA rAjanaitika, dhArmika, sAmAjika athavA prArthika itihAsa likhate samaya yadi tatkAlIna rAjavaMzoM kI upekSA kara le jAya to koI bhI itihAsa na pUrNa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na prAmANika hii| isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kevalikAla ke rAjavaMzoM kA yahAM saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 64 taka ke kebalikAla meM mukhyataH nimnalikhita rAjavaMza bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM sattArUr3ha rahe : 1. magadha meM zizunAga rAjavaMza 2. avaMtI meM pradyota rAjavaMza 3. vatsa (kozAmbI) meM paurava rAjavaMza 4. kaliMpa meM cedi rAjavaMza . magadha kA zizunAga-rAjavaMza zizunAga rAjavaMza bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMzoM meM bar3A pratApI mora prasiddha rAjavaMza rahA hai / isa vaMza meM aneka nyAyapriya, prajAhitaSI aura zaktizAlI rAjA .. vyatIte copasarge'tha, munividyuncaro mahAn / vyabhre vyomni yepAdityo, tejapuMja ivA taH / / 164 / / prAtaHkAle'tha saMjAte, prAntyasallekhanAvidhI / caturvidhArAdhanAM kRtvAgamatsarvArtha siddhi ke // 165 / / jatAnAM paMca saMkhyAkAH, prabhavAdimunIzvarAH / prate sallekhanAM kRtvA, divaM jagmuryathAyatham / / 166 [jambUsvAmicaritraM, sarga 13] jambasyo caritra meM paM. gajamalla ne do bAra prabhava kA ullekha kiyA hai para kahIM unakA paricaya nahIM diyA hai| -sampAdaka

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249 magadha kA zizunAga-rAjavaMza] - kevalikAla : pAyaM jambU hue haiN| magadha ke una pratApI zAsakoM ne samaya-samaya para kSitipratiSThita nagara, caraNakanagara, vRSabhapura, kuzAgrapura, rAjagaha, campA aura pATalIputra (paTanA) nagara basA kara unheM magadha kI rAjadhAnI banAyA, isa prakAra ke ullekha prAcIna granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiN|' itihAsaprasiddha isa vaMza ke rAjA prasenajit bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke dharmatIrtha ke paramabhakta evaM zraddhAlU zrAvaka the| prastuta granyamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM vistArapUrvaka batAyA jA cukA hai ki magadhAdhIza prasenajit ke putra mahArAja zreNika (vimbasAra) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pramukha bhakta narAdhipoM meM agraNI the| unhoMne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana kI pratyutkaTa sevA kara tIrthakara nAmakarma kA upArjana kiyaa| mahArAjA zreNika kI aneka rAniyoM,putroM aura kuTumbIjanoM ne, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM se prabhAvita ho zrAmaNya aMgIkAra kara AtmakalyANa kiyaa| ___ magadhAdhipa mahArAja zreNika kI mRtyu (vIra nirvANa se lagabhaga 17 varSa pUrva) ke pazcAt kUriNaka (ajAtazatru)ne magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha magara se haTA kara campA meM sthApita kii| apane pitA mahArAja zreNika kI hI taraha kUriNaka bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA paramabhakta thaa|' jisa samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA aura usa hI rAtri ke bhavasAna se pUrva gautama gaNadhara ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi huI, usa samaya magadha para mahArAjA kRriNaka kA zAsana thA aura magadha kI rAjadhAMnI campA nagarI thii| kUriNaka dvArA vaizAlI ke zaktizAlI gaNatantra kA anta kara diye jAne ke pazcAt kUriNaka kI samrATa ke rUpa meM aura magadharAjya kI eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya ke rUpa meM gaNanA kI jAne lagI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt sudharmAsvAmI ke prAcAryakAla meM bhI magadhezvara kUriNaka kevalajJAnI gautamasvAmI ke tathA prAcArya sudharmA svAmI ke darzana, vandana, upadezazravaNa Adi ke liye samaya-samaya para unakI sevA meM prAtA rahA, isa prakAra ke ullekha jaina vAGamaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| - Arya sudharmAsvAmI ke prAcAryakAla meM mahattvAkAMkSI magadhezvara kUNika ne magadha rAjya kA paryApta vistAra kara liyA thaa| kRriNaka ke pitA zreNika ne apane rAjyakAla meM hI aMga rAjga para vijaya prApta kara use magadha rAjya ke adhIna kara liyA thA ataH kUNika ko magadha aura aMga kA rAjya apane pitA se uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM prApta huA / usake anantara kaNika ne baMga, videha, kAzI, kauzala aura kauzAmbI para bhI vijaya prApta kara ina rAjyoM ko magadha ke adhIna kara liyA thaa| 'prAvazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1284 evaM pAvazvaka hAribhadrIyA vRtti, uttara bhAga, pR0saM0.670-71 2 praupapAtika sUtra, sUtra 8

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250 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zizunAga rAjavaMza ajAtazatru kUNika kisa samaya magadha ke siMhAsana para baiThA aura kitane varSa taka zAsana karane ke pazcAt kisa samaya usakA dehAnta huA isa sambandha meM jaina vAGamaya meM yadyapi koI spaSTa ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi Agama meM upalabdha ullekha se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lagabhaga 17 varSa pUrva vaha magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA / kUNika ne kitane varSa taka zAsana kiyA isa sambandha meM mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM upalabdha kUriNaka kI mUrti para khude zilAlekha meM kUNika kA zAsanakAla 34 varSa 8 mAsa batAyA gayA hai|' isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki vIra ni0.saM0 17 athavA 18 ke madhyavartI kAla meM kUNika kA dehAvasAna huaa| zizunAgavaMza kA saMkSipta paricaya zizunAgavaMza kaba se pracalita huA, isa vaMza kA pravattaMka mUla-puruSa kauna thA aura kisa-kisa samaya meM isa vaMza ke kina-kina rAjAoM kA kisa-kisa rAjya para zAsana rahA, isa sambandha meM jaina granthoM meM prArambhika kAla kA vivaraNa nahIM ke tulya upalabdha hotA hai| vastutaH jaina granthoM meM "zizunAgavaMza" nAmaka kisI vaMza kA ullekha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA hai / bimbasAra (zreNika), kUriNaka (ajAtazatru), udAyI (udayAzva), naMda (nandivardhana) mahAnanda Adi itihAsa prasiddha magadha ke samrAToM kA bhAratIya itihAsa ke granthoM meM evaM matsyapurANa, vAyupurANa, aura zrImadbhAgavatapurANa mAdi purANagranthoM meM zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoM ke rUpa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai| jaba ki jainagranthoM meM ina magadhasamrAToM evaM inake putra-pautroM, mahArAniyoM, yuvarAziyoM taka ke jIvanavRtta para paryApta prakAza DAle jAne ke uparAnta bhI ye samrAT kisa vaMza ke the isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| eka sthala para mAgadha dUta ke dvArA jisa samaya ki zreriNaka kI abhilASA kI patti hetu vaizAlI gaNatantra ke adhIzvara mahArAjA ceTaka ke samakSa unakI putrI sujyeSThA kA vivAha magadhapati zreNika ke sAtha karane kA prastAva rakhA gayA, usa avasara para triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritrakAra - prAcArya hemacandra ne ceTaka ke mukha se kahalavAyA hai - ceTako'pyabravIdevamanAtmajJastava prabhuH / vAhIkakulajo vAMchan, kanyAM haihayavaMzajAm / / 226 // samAnakulayoreva vivAho, hanta nAnyayoH / tatkanyAM na hi dAsyAmi zreNikAya prayAhi bho // 227 / / 'nibhada prasenI paja (1) satru rAjo (si) ra (1) 4,20 (ya) 10 (Da) - (hi athavA hI) kUNika sevAsi nAgo mAgadhAnAm rAjA / 34 (varSa) 8 (mahinA) (zAsana kAla) - janarala prApha dI bihAra eNDa ur3IsA risarca sosAyaTI, disambara 1916 volyUma 5, bhAga 4,pa. 550

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zizu0 kA saMkSipta paricaya] kevalikAla : bhArya jambU 251 mAgadha dUta ke mukha se magavapati zreNika dvArA apanI sujyeSThA nAmaka rAjakumArI kI yAcanA kA saMdeza sunakara mahArAjA ceTaka ne kahA : "dUta ! tumhAre svAmI ko apane svayaM ke sambandha meM vAstavika sthiti kA jJAna nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vAhIka' kula meM utpanna hokara bhI vaha haihaya vaMza kI kanyA ke sAtha pANigrahaNa karanA cAhate haiN| samAna kula vAloM meM hI paraspara vaivAhika sambandha ho sakate haiM na ki asamAna kuloM meN| ataH maiM apanI kanyA zreNika ko nahIM duuNgaa| aba tuma yahAM se yatheccha jA sakate ho|" . "vAhIkakulajo" isa vAkyAMza se yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki uparivariNata bimbasAra Adi magadha samrAT vAhIka kulodbhava the| vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to zizunAgavaMza eka pratApI puruSa ke pratApa kA dyotaka hone ke kAraNa koI mUlavaMtha nahIM kintu eka vaMza vizeSa ke vyaktiyoM kI zAkhA kA vodhaka hai| kisI eka vaMzavizeSa meM zizunAga nAmaka pratApI aura pratibhAsampanna vyakti utpanna huA, usane eka rAjya kI sthApanA kii| usa vaMza ke anyAnya sahasroM athavA lAkhoM vyaktiyoM se apanI viziSTatA abhivyakta karane hetu usa zizunAga ko saMtati apanA paricaya zizunAgavaMzI ke rUpa meM dene lgii| isI prakAra "vAhIka" bhI koI mUlavaMza nhiiN| "vAhIka" zabda ke tIna artha ho sakate haiM - (1) vAhIka athavA vAlhIka deza kA rahane vAlA, (2) vAhIka bAhya deza kA rahane vAlA aura (3) vAhIka-bAhya-bahiSkRta (jAti se bahiSkAra kiyA humA) vyakti athavA jaati| ina tInoM prayoM meM se ina magadha samrAToM para kaunasA artha lAgU hotA hai yaha eka vicAraNIya viSaya hai| . prAcArya hemacandra dvArA prayukta "vAhIkakulajo" pada ko lekara aneka pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ne kalpanA kI bahuta lambI lambIur3AneM bharI haiN| prasiddha itihAsavid e. ke. majUmadAra ne apanI pustaka "dI hindU hisTrI mApha inDiyA" ke pRSTha 466 para likhA hai : "Shishunaga was formerly a vassal of the Turanian Vrijjians. He founded his dynasty of ten Kings and ruled for 250 years." dI jaranala prApha dI morisA-bihAra risarca sosAyaTI, pustaka saMkhyA 1, pRSTha 76 para yaha ullekha hai : "The Pali writers relate that the Sisunagas belonged to the family of Vaishali (Lichhavis). 'pahiAvanAma hIkazca, vipAzAyAM pizApako // 41 // : .. tayorapatyaM bAhIkA, napA sRSTiH prjaapteH| [mahAbhArata, karNaparva, pa..] .

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252 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zizu0 kA saM0 paricaya isa prakAra itihAsavid zrI majUmadAra ne zizunAgavaMziyoM ko turkistAna ke nivAsI aura bijjI jAti ke mAnA hai aura pAlI granthoM ne vaizAlI nivAsI licchavI kSatriya / bhAratavarSa ke sagarakAlIna pratiprAcIna itihAsa kA vihaMgamAvalokana karane para yaha vidita hotA hai ki candravaMzI haihaya jAti ke kSatriyoM ne zaka Adi aneka jAtiyoM kI sahAyatA se ayodhyA ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA bAhuka para AkramaNa kiyA aura use parAjita kara ayodhyA para adhikAra kara liyaa| rAjyacyuta rAjA bAhuka apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha vana meM calA gyaa| vanavAsakAla meM bAhuka kI eka rAnI ne garbha dhAraNa kiyA kintu putra kA mukha dekhane se pUrva hI bAhuka kA dehAvasAna ho gyaa| samaya para bAhaka kI rAnI ne putra ko janma diyA, jisakA nAma sagara rakhA gyaa| sagara zaizavakAla se hI bar3A projasvI thaa| usane maharSi praurva ke pAsa samasta vidyAoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| apane samaya ke apratima dhanurdhara sagara ne yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa karate hI apane zatruoM para bhISaNa AkramaNa kara unheM parAsta kara diyA aura apane vaMzaparamparAgata ayodhyA ke rAjya para punaH adhikAra kara liyA ! ayodhyA ke rAjyasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hote hI sagara ke antara meM pratizodha kI agni pracaNDa rUpa se prajvalita ho utthii| vaha apane pitA para AkramaNa karane vAle haihaya Adi kSatriyoM kA sarvanAza karane para utArU ho gyaa| sagara ke bhaya ke kAraNa usake zatru sudUra dezoM kI ora palAyana kara gye| sagara ne vahAM para bhI unakA pIchA kiyA aura unheM vaha cuna-cunakara mArane lgaa| antatogatvA praurvaRSi dvArA bIca-bacAva karane para sagara ne una kSatriyoM ko virUpa aura bahiSkRta kara unheM prANa-dAna diyaa|' isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt tAlajaMghoM, haihayoM, zakoM prAdi kSatriyoM ko anya kSatriyoM dvArA kucha hIna samajhA jAne lgaa| kAlAntara meM samaya-samaya para paraspara bigar3e hue ye sambandha kucha sudhare para yAdavoM ke prati rukmI aura zizupAla dvArA prayukta kiye gaye kaTu vAkaprahAroM, jAtIya hInatAsUcaka kaTAkSoM se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki mahAbhArata kAla taka ikSvAku Adi jAtiyoM ke kSatriya yaduvaMziyoM, haihayoM Adi ko apane se hIna samajhate rahe haiN| ' bhaekastarasutastasmAd vRkastasyApi bAhukaH / so'ribhitabhU rAjA sabhAryo vanamAvizat / / 2 / / vRddha taM paMcatA prAptaM mahiSyanu mrissytii| maurveNa jAnatAtmAnaM prajAvantaM nivAritA // 3 // prAjJAyAsya sapatnIbhigarI datto'nyasA saha / saha tenaiva saMjAtaH sagarAsyo mahAyazAH / / 4 / / sagarazcakravartyAsIta sAgaro yatsutaiH kRtaH / yastAlajaMghAn yavanAnachakAna haihayabarbarAn // 5 // nAvadhId guruvAkyena cakre vikRtaveSiNaH / [bhAgavat, skandha 6 ma08]

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zizu kA saMkSipta paricaya ]. kevalikAla : bhAyaM jambU 253 isa paramparAgata jAtividveSa ke kAraNa to vaizAlI ke mahArAja ceTaka magadhapati zreNika ko vAhIka nahIM kaha sakate kyoMki ve svayaM haihaya vaMza kI licchavI jAti ke kSatriya the aura magadhapati zreNika vajjI (vrijjI) jAti ke haihayavaMzI kSatriya / aisI dazA meM ceTaka dvArA zreNika ke liye "vAhIkakulajo " kahane ke do hI kAraNa ho sakate haiN| pahalA yaha ki mahArAjA zreNika mahArAjA ceTaka kI icchAnusAra garagarAjya vyavasthA meM sammilita nahIM hue isaliye unheM vAhIka kahA ho| dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki zreNika ke pUrvaja haihayavaMzI kSatriya hone para bhI kisI saMkrAntikAla meM kisI ( TarkI Adi) aise pradeza meM raha cuke hoM jise usa samaya anArya deza samajhA jAtA ho / yukti kI kasauTI para kase jAne ke anantara yaha dUsarA kAraNa kevala kAlpanika hI ThaharatA hai, kyoMki sagara ke samaya meM kauna loga kahAM-kahAM gaye the isakA lekhA-jokhA aneka sahasrAbdiyoM taka rakhanA nitAMta asAdhya hI samajhA jAyagA / pahalA kAraNa yuktisaMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai / haihayavaMzI samasta kuloM ke kSatriyoM ne saMgaThita ho kara vaizAlI gaNarAjya kI sthApanA kI, usa samaya una saba logoM ne magadha ke haihayavaMzI zAsakoM ko usa saMgha meM sammilita hone ke liye bahuta zrAgraha kiyA hogA para magadha ke zAsakoM dvArA unakI prArthanA ko pUrNarUpeNa ThukarA diye jAne ke pazcAt 6 mallI, elicchavI rAjAoM ne magadha ke rAjyavaMza ke prati kSobha prakaTa karate hue use vAhIka ( bahiSkRta) ghoSita kara diyA hogA / isa prakAra kI ghoSaNA ke pIche jAtIya hInatA athavA uccatA kAraNa na bana kara rAjanaitika (saiddhAntika ) matabheda hI kAraNa rahA hogA / aba prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki vrijjI zAkhA ke ye haihayavaMzI zAsaka zizunAgavaMzI kisa kAraNa se kahalAye / zizunAgavaMza kI sthApanA ke sambandha meM vAyupurANa meM vivaraNa diyA gayA hai ki vArANasI meM zizunAka nAmaka rAjA hogA / vaha apane putra zakavarNa ( kAkavarNa) ko vArANasI ke rAjya kA svAmI banA kara svayaM girivraja ke rAjya kA svAmI banegA / " hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM zizunAko bhaviSyati // 173 // vArANasyAM sutastasya, saMprApsyati girivrajam / zizunAkasya varSANi catvAriMzad bhaviSyati // 174 / / [ vAyu purANa, ma0 61] noTa : vAyu purANa meM zizunAka ko pradyotoM ke pazcAt batAyA gayA hai yaha ThIka nahIM hai| " zloka saMkhyA 168 ke tRtIya pAda" bRhadrazrezvatIteSu" ke saMdarbha meM hI 'zizunAko bhaviSyati' par3hanA caahiye| kyoMki pradyota vaMza kA saMsthApaka caNDa pradyota bhagavAn mahAvIra, buddha aura zreNika kA samakAlIna thA isa tathya ko bauddha aura jaina donoM paramparAeM eka mata se svIkAra karatI haiM / sampAdaka

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. 254 36 // 25" 25 // jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zizu0 kA saM0 paricaya matsyapurANa, vAyupurANa, zrImadbhAgavatapurANa aura jaina tathA bauddha paramparA ke granthoM meM magadha ke isa pratApI rAjavaMza ke sambandha meM jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai, usake samyaka paryAlocana se zizunAga dvArA vArANasI meM isa navIna rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kA samaya tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pitA kAzipati mahArAja azvasena ke svargagamana ke pazcAt IsA pUrva 8vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kA nikalatA hai| zrImadbhAgavatapurANa meM zizunAga se le kara mahAmandI taka nAgadazakoM (zizunAgavaMzI daza rAjAoM) kA zAsanakAla samaSTi rUpa se 360 varSa batAyA gayA hai|' vAyupurANa meM ina nAgadazakoM kA rAjyakAla 362 varSa aura krapazaH pratyeka rAjA kA rAjyakAla nimnalikhita rUpa se batAyA gayA hai :rAjA kA nAma zAsanakAla 1. zizunAka 40 varSa 2. zakavarNa (kAkavarNa) 3. kSemavarmA 20, 4. ajAtazatru 5. kSatraujA (prasenajit) 6. biMbisAra (zreriNaka) 28 // 7. darzaka (kUNika-ajAtazatru) 8. udAyI 33 / 6. nandivardhana 42 // 10. mahAnandI 43 , ina daza kA saba milA kara zAsanakAla : 332 varSa isa prakAra ina. zizunAgavaMzI dasa rAjAoM kA pRthak-pRthak rAjyakAla ullikhita karane ke pazcAt vAyupurANakAra ne likhA hai :- . ityete bhavitAro vai, zaizunAkA nRpA daza / zatAni trINi varSANi, dviSaSTyabhyadhikAni tu // 180 / / a0 61 . arthAt ye daza zizunAgavaMzI rAjA hoMge jinakA ki 362 varSa (tIna sau. bAsaTha varSa) taka zAsana rhegaa| kintu ina dazoM rAjAoM kA pRthak-pRthak jo zAsanakAla diyA gayA hai, usa sabako jor3ane para 362 varSa ke sthAna para 332 varSa kA hI hotA hai| vAyu purANakAra dvArA isa prakAra ina rAjAoM kA pRthak 2 jo zAsanakAla batAyA gayA hai, usameM nizcita rUpa se kisI zAsaka kA 30 varSa kA zAsanakAla jor3anA raha gayA hai| isI kAraNa samaSTi rUpa se jo 362 varSa ' zizunAgA darzavate SaSTyuttarazatatrayam / 7 samA bhokSyanti pRthivIM, kuruzreSTha kalo nRpAH / [bhAgavat, skaMdha 12, pra0 1] 2 vAyupurANa, pra. 61, zloka 174 se 180 / . --

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zizu kA saMkSipta paricaya] kevalikAla : mArya jambU 255 kA ina nAgadazakoM kA zAsanakAla batAyA hai vaha pratyeka rAjA ke pRthak-pRthak diye gaye zAsanakAla ko jor3ane para 332 hI hotA hai| isI prakAra kI bhUla nAmoM ke sambandha meM bhI huI hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vibhinna purANoM meM ullikhita ina nAgadazakoM ke nAmoM meM bhI vibheda pAyA jAtA hai| matsya purANa meM nAgadazakoM ke sthAna para 12 nAgavaMzI rAjAmoM ke nAma va zAsanakAla ke sambandha meM jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : "vArANasI kA rAjyasiMhAsana apane putra kAkavarNa ko samhalAkara zizunAga girikhama meM praayegaa| zizunAga kA magadha para 40 varSa, kAkavarNa kA 26 varSa, kSaimavarmA kA 36 varSa, kSemajit kA 24 varSa, vindhyasena kA 28 varSa, kANvAyana kA 6 varSa, usake putra bhUmimitra kA 14 varSa, prajAtazatru kA 27 varSa, vaMzaka kA 24 varSa, udAsI (udAyI) kA 33 varSa, nandivardhana kA 40 varSa aura mahAnandI kA 43 varSa rAjya hogaa| ye 12 zizunAgavaMzI rAjA.360 varSa taka rAjya kreNge|' ina 12 zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoM ke pRthak-pRthak zAsanakAla ko jor3ane para kula 344 varSa hI hote haiM kintu samaSTirUpa se purANakAra ne 360 varSa kA inakA zAsanakAla likhA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki kAkavarNa ko vArANasI kA rAjya dene evaM zizunAga dvArA magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para aMdhikAra karane se pUrva zizunAga kA vArANasI rAjya para 16 varSa taka zAsana rahA ho aura purANakAra ne vArANasI para zizunAgavaMziyoM ke zAsanakAla ko magadha ke zAsanakAla ke sAtha jor3a kara 360 kI gaNanA pUrI kI ho| upayukta tInoM purANoM meM nAgadazakoM kA kula milA kara 360 - 362 varSa kA zAsanakAla mAnA hai| . aba hameM ina magadha ke zAsakoM ke zAsanakAla ke sambandha meM jo jaina vAGamaya meM ullekha upalabdha haiM, unakI ora dRSTipAta karanA hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI kevalicaryA ke terahaveM varSa meM magadha para kUNika ke zAsana kA unlekha upalabdha hotA hai / isa varSa se pahale athavA isI varSa meM kUNika magadha kI rAjadhAnI ko rAjagaha se campA meM sthAnAntarita kara cukA thaa| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya arthAt IsA pUrva 527 meM zizunAga vaMza ke 7veM zAsaka kRriNaka ke magadha para zAsanakAla ke lagabhaga 17 varSa vyatIta ho cuke the / isa prakAra zizunAga ke zAsanakAla ke 40 varSa, kAkavarNa ke 36, kSemavarmA ke 20, ajAtazatru ke 25, kSatrIjA (prasenajit) ke 40, bimbisAra (zreNika) ke 28 varSa aura kUriNaka ke mahAvIra nirvANakAla taka 17. varSa isa prakAra ina zizunAgavaMzI 7 rAjAoM kA kula milA kara 206 varSa kA . zAsanakAla hotA hai aura purANakAra jo 30 varSa kA samaya jor3ane meM bhUla baiThe ' matsyapurANa, ma. 271 zloka 5 se 12 2 jana dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 417

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256 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zizu0 kA saM0 paricaya usa 30 varSa ke zAsanakAla ko isameM jor3ane para IsA pUrva 763 meM zizunAgavaMza ke saMsthApaka evaM mUlapuruSa zizunAga dvArA vArANasI ke rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna honA siddha hotA hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa IsA pUrva 777 meM huaa| ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ikSvAkuvaMzI vRhadratha rAjAoM kI paramparA meM hue vArANasI ke mahArAjA azvasena ke svargagamana ke pazcAt bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa hA aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa ke 14 varSa pazcAt zizunAga vArANasI kA rAjA bnaa| vArANasI ke rAjya siMhAsana para zizunAga ne kisa samaya meM adhikAra kiyA isa samasyA kA nirNAyaka hala karane meM eka aura tathya sahAyaka ho sakatA hai / vaha yaha hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke paMcama paTTadhara prArya kezI magadha samrATa biMbasAra (zreNika) ke samaya meM vidyamAna the| vAyupurANa aura bhAgavatapurANa ke ullekhoM ke anusAra zreNika zizunAgavaMza kA chaThA rAjA aura matsyapurANa ke ullekhAnusAra 8vAM rAjA thaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke 5veM paTTadhara kI vidyamAnatA meM zizunAgavaMza kA chaThA athavA pAThavAM vaMzaja vidyamAna ho isa anumAna ke sahAre yaha mAnanA asaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zizunAga ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke pitA vArANasIpati mahArAjA azvasena ke dehAvasAna ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt athavA tatkAla pazcAt vArANasI ke siMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyA ho| ina saba tathyoM para samIcInatayA vicAra karane ke pazcAt yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki mahArAja azvasena ke svargagamana ke pazcAt bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI vidyamAnatA meM hI zizunAga ne vArANasI ke rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| magadha para udAyI kA zAsanakAla magadha ke mahAn pratApI evaM mahattvAkAMkSI mahArAjA kUNika kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM0 18-16 meM magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para kUriNaka ke putra udAyI kA abhiSeka kiyA gyaa| udAyI bhI apane pitA aura pitAmaha kI hI taraha bar3A zaktizAlI aura nyAyapriya zAsaka thaa| jainadharma ke prati usakI pragAr3ha zraddhA aura bhakti thii| usane na kevala prajA ko suzAsana hI diyA apitu paitRka paramparA se prApta magadha ke rAjya kI zakti, sImA, yazakIrti, zrI aura samRddhi meM bhI uttarottara abhivRddhi kii| jisa prakAra kuNika ne apane pitA zreNika kI mRtyu ke pazcAt magadha rAjya kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha se haTAkara campA meM pratiSThApita kI, usI prakAra kUriNaka kI mRtyu ke pazcAt udAyI ne bhI magadha kI rAjadhAnI ko campA se kisI anya sthAna para le jAne kA vicAra kiyaa| usa samaya ke vizAla magadharAjya ke anurUpa hI rAjadhAnI ke liye upayukta sthAna kI khoja hetu vizeSajJoM aura naimittikoM ke dala cAroM ora preSita kiye gye|

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'kevalikAla : bhrAyaM jambU pATalIputra kA nirmANa unameM se vizeSajJoM kA eka dala aneka sthAnoM ke guNadoSa dekhatA humA gaMgA nadI ke taTa para phuNcaa| vahAM una nimittazAstra ke vizeSajJoM ne sundara puSpoM se prAcchAdita eka pATalI (kesUlA- rohIr3A) vRkSa dekhA jisa para (cASa) nIlakaNTha pakSI apanA mukha khole baiThA huA thA aura cAroM ora se koTa-pataMge svataH hIM zrA zrAkara usake mukha meM praveza kara rahe the / isa prakAra kA adbhuta dRzya dekhakara naimittikoM ko bar3A prAzcarya huA / paraspara vicAra-vinimaya ke pazcAt una logoM ne yaha mantavya abhivyakta kiyA ki isa sthAna meM koI adbhuta vizeSatA hai / jisa prakAra isa cASa pakSI ke mukha meM kITa-pataMge svayameva zrA prAkara gira rahe haiM, ThIka usI prakAra yadi isa sthAna para nagara basA diyA jAya to usa nagara meM rahane vAle puNyavAn nRpati ke pAsa dUra-dUra se dhana-sampatti svataH hI grA grAkara ekatrita hogI / ' vastusthiti para vicAra-vimarza karate samaya unameM se eka prativRddha naimittika ne kahA - " bandhuo ! yaha koI sAmAnya pATalavRkSa nahIM hai / jJAniyoM dvArA isakI . bar3I mahimA batAyI gaI hai : + yaha pratikAputra kevalI ke kapAla meM par3e hue pATalI bIja kA hI vizAla rUpa hai / 257 prAcIna kAla meM dakSiraNa mathurA aura uttara mathurA nAmaka do nagariyAM thIM / uttaramathurA kA nivAsI devadatta nAmaka eka yuvA vyavasAyI dezATana karatA huA dakSiNa mathurA meM pahuMcA / dakSiNa mathurA ke nivAsI jayasiMha nAmaka eka vaNik putra se devadatta kI mitratA ho gii| eka dina jayasiMha dvArA nimantraNa pAkara devadatta jayasiMha ke ghara bhojanArthaM gayA / jayasiMha kI rUpaguNasaMpannA bahina, kumArI pranikA ne apane sahodara aura usake sakhA ko SaDrasayukta svAdiSTa bhojana karAyA / pratikA ke rUpa lAvaNya ko dekhakara devadatta usa para Asakta ho gayA / dUsare dina devadatta ne jayasiMha ke pAsa eka prastAva bhejA, jisameM usane. patrikA ke sAtha apanA vivAha karane kI prArthanA kii| jayasiMha ne isa zarta ke sAtha vivAha karane kA sandeza bhejA ki usakI bahina anikA use prAraNoM se bhI adhika priya hai, vaha eka kSaraNa ke lie bhI use dUra nahIM rakha sakatA / yadi devadatta yaha pratijJA kare ki vivAha hone para jaba taka pranikA putravatI na ho taba taka vaha pranikA sahita usake ghara para hI rahegA, to vaha devadatta ke sAtha apanI bahina fair kA vivAha karane ko taiyAra hai ? te cintayatriho ze, pakSiraNo'sya yathA mukhe / kITikAH svayamAgatya, nipatanti nirantaram ||38|| tathAsminnuttame sthAne, nagare'pi nivezite / rAza: puNyAtmano'muSya, svayameSyanti sampadaH || 36 | [ pariziSTa parva, sarga 6 ]

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258 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pATalIputra kA nirmANa devadatta anikA ke guNoM aura rUparAzi para itanA vimugdha ho gayA thA ki usane apane vRddha mAtA-pitA kA vicAra kiye binA hI jayasiMha dvArA rakhI gaI zarta ko svIkAra kara liyaa| apanI zarta ke svIkRta ho jAne para jayasiMha ne devadatta ke sAtha anikA kA vivAha kara diyA aura navadampatI bar3e prAnanda ke sAtha rahane lge| anikA ke premapAza meM Abaddha devadatta ne apane vRddha mAtA-pitA kI varSoM taka koI sudha-budha nahIM lii| paryApta samaya vyatIta ho jAne para eka dina devadatta ke pAsa uttaramathurA se usake mAtA-pitA kA patra aayaa| usa patra meM likhA huA thA- "ciraMjIvIputra ! aba hama donoM cakSuvihIna evaM vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa zithilAMga ho gaye haiM aura karAla kAla ke gAla meM jAne hI vAle haiN| hamArI mRtyu ke pahale yadi tuma eka bAra pAkara hamase mila lo to hamAre hRdaya ko zAnti mila skegii|" apane vRddhamAtA-pitA kA patra par3hate hI devadatta kI prAMkhoMse azruoM kI dhArAeM bahane lgiiN| vaha bAra-bAra patra ko par3hane lagA aura usakA prathupravAha bar3hatA hI gyaa| apane pati ko dAmpatya jIvana meM pahalI bAra isa prakAra rote dekhakara anikA ne usase zoka kA kAraNa pUchA aura usase kisI prakAra kA uttara na milane para anikA ne devadatta ke hAtha se vaha patra lekara eka hI sAMsa meM par3ha ddaalaa| patra ko par3hate hI vaha sArI sthiti ko samajha gii| anikA tatkAla apane bhAI ke pAsa pahuMcI aura use saba bAta samajhAkara usane uttara mathurA jAne kI anumati prApta krlii| - devadatta aura anikA jisa samaya apane sevakoM ke sAtha uttara mathurA kI mora prasthita hue, usa samaya anikA garbhavatI thii| uttara mathurA kI.pora yAtrA karate hue mArga meM anikA ne eka tejasvI putra ko janma diyA / uttara mathurA pahuMcane para zim ke pitAmaha aura pitAmahI hI isakA nAma rakheMge, yaha soca kara devadatta aura anikA ne usa zizu kA koI nAma nahIM rakhA / sAtha ke loga use agnikAputra kaha kara sambodhita karane lge| kucha hI samaya pazcAt devadatta ne apane ghara paheca kara apane vRddha mAtA-pitA ko praNAma kiyA aura usa zizu ko unakI goda meM rakhate hue kahA - "videza meM rahate hue maiMne jo kucha ajita kiyA hai, vaha yaha lIjiye / " pautra ko gale se lagA kara vRddha dampatI ati prasanna hue aura apanA pahale kA saba duHkha bhUla gaye / unhoMne apane pautra kA nAma sandhIraNa (dharya baMdhAne vAlA) rakhA para sabako anikAputra sambodhana bar3A priya lagatA thA ataH vaha bAlaka agnikAputra ke nAma se hI pahacAnA jAne lgaa| lAlana-pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha adhyayana yogya vaya hone para agnikAputra ko zikSA dilAne kA samucita prabandha kiyA gyaa| sabhI vidyAoM meM niSNAtatA prApta karane ke sAtha-sAtha agnikAputra ne yuvAvasthA meM praveza kiyaa| agnikAputra ne yuvAvasthA meM hI bhogoM kA viSavat parityAga kara prAcArya jayasiMha ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kI / dIkSita hone ke pazcAt zramaNa

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pATalIputra kA nirmANa] kevalikAla : prArya jambU '2.56 agnikAputra ne sabhI zAstroM kA samIcIna rUpa se adhyayana kiyA / niraticArarUpa se vizuddha saMyama kA pAlana karate hue agnikAputra meM duSkara ghorAtighora tapazcaraNa dvArA apane pUrvasaMcita karmasamUha ko dhvasta karanA prArambha kiyaa| prAcArya jayasiMha ne agnikAputra ko sabhI bhAMti suyogya samajha kara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA aura unake divaMgata hone para agnikAputra prAcArya bne| eka samaya ve apane zramaNasaMgha ke sAtha vicaraNa karate hae gaMgAtaTa para basI huI puSpabhadrA nagarI meM Aye / usa samaya puSpabhadrA nagarI para puSpacUla nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma puSpacUlA thA jo ki vastutaH usa (puSpacUla) ke sAtha yugala rUpa se utpanna haI usakI sahodarA thI / yugala rUpa se utpanna hae una donoM bahina-bhAiyoM meM pragAr3ha sneha thaa| unake pitA mahArAja puSpaketu ne apane pUtra aura pUtrI kA pragAr3ha sneha dekha kara lokaniyama ke viruddha unakA vivAha kara diyaa| isa anaMtika vivAha sambandha se dukhita ho puSpacUla aura puSpacUlA kI mAtA puSpavatI ne pravrajyA grahaNa kara lI aura aneka varSoM taka tapazcaraNa karake anta meM samAdhimaraNa dvArA devattva prApta kiyA / rAjA puSpaketu kI mRtyu ke pazcAt puSpacUla puSpabhadrA ke rAjya siMhAsana para baiThaH aura ve donoM vahina-bhAI aneka varSoM taka pati-patnI rUpa se dAmpatya jIvana bitAne lage / devarUpa se utpanna huI puSpavatI ne pUrva snehavaza socA ki isa lokaviruddha vaivAhika sambandha aura viSayabhogoM meM bhAsakta rahane ke kAraNa puSpacUlA kahIM naraka meM na calI jAya / puSpacUlA ke bhAvI jIvana ko sudhArane kI icchA se prerita ho usa deva ne puSpacUlA ko svapnoM meM naraka ke dAruNa dRzya dikhAne prArambha kiye / svapna meM una atyanta dukhadAyaka dRzyoM ko dekhane ke kAraNa puSpacUlA aharniza kAMpatI huI zokasamudra meM DUbI rahatI / puSpacUla dvArA cintA kA kAraNa pUchane para puSpacUlA ne svapna meM dekhe gaye ghora kaSTadAyaka dRzyoM kA vivaraNa sunaayaa| puSpacUla ne aneka prakAra ke zAntipATha karavAye para deva pUSpacUlA ko svapnoM meM naraka ke pahale dikhAye gaye dRzyoM se paura adhika bhayaMkara dRzya dikhAne lgaa| rAjA ne aneka pAkhaNDiyoM ko bulA kara puSpacUlA dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoM ke sambandha meM pUchA para koI puSpacUlA . dvArA dekhe gaye dRzyoM kA yathAtathyarUpeNa citraNa kara usako jijJAsA ko zAnta karane meM samartha nahIM ho skaa| manikAputra ke prAgamana kA samAcAra suna kara rAjA aura rAnI ne unase bhI una svapnoM ke sambandha meM pUchA / patrikA putra ne narakoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha-sAtha puSpacUlA dvArA dekhe gaye sabhI svapnoM kA ThIka usI prakAra se varNana kiyA jisa prakAra se usane (puSpacUlA ne) svapnoM meM dekhA thaa| apane svapnoM kA binA kisI nyUnAdhikya se vAstavika citraNa suna kara puSpacUlA ne prazna kiyA- "bhagavan ! kyA mApane bhI kabhI isa prakAra ke svapna dete haiM, jisake kAraNa pApa una svapnoM kA ThIka usI prakAra se varNana kara rahe haiM, jaisA ki maiMne dekhA thA?"

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260 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pATalIputra kA nirmANa prAcArya anikAputra ne kahA - "zrAvike ! maiMne kabhI isa prakAra ke svapna nahIM dekhe para binA dekhI huI bAteM bhI jinAgamoM se dekhI haI ke samAna mAlUma ho jAtI haiN| maMmAra meM eka bhI aisI vastu nahIM, jo jaina prAgamoM ke dvArA nahIM jAnI jA sakatI ho|" puSpacUlA ne prazna kiyA-"bhagavan ! isa prakAra ke ghora duHkhoM se pUrNa narakoM meM jIva kisa kAraNa utpanna hotA hai ?" anikAputra ne uttara diyA- 'ghora prArambha-parigraha, guru ke prati avinaya, madya-mAMsasevana, dyUta, parastrI-parapuruSa-gamana, viSayAsakti, paMcendriyavadha Adi pApoM ke kAraNa jIva ghorAtighora narakoM meM utpanna ho aneka prakAra ke dAruNa duHkha bhogatA hai|" anikAputra dvArA kiye gaye apane svapnoM ke samAdhAna se puSpacUlA ko pUrNa saMtoSa prApta huA aura vaha apane rAjaprAsAda meM lauTa gii| usa rAtri meM deva ne use svarga ke atyanta manohArI evaM asIma prAnandotpAdaka dRzya dikhaaye|" prAtaHkAla puSpacUlA ne anikAputra se apane ina navIna sukhada svapnoM ke sambandha meM pUchA / anikAputra ne dvAdaza devalokoM, anuttaravimAnoM Adi ke devoM kI mahaddhi, sudIrghAyu, zakti, aizvarya evaM sukha prAdi kA varNana karate hue kahA ki arihaMta, guru, sAdhu aura dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA-bhakti rakhane vAle prANI ke liye svargasukhoM kI prApti eka sAdhAraNa evaM susAdhya kArya hai / samyaka darzana, samyaka jJAna aura samyakcAritra se prANI samasta karmasamUha ko dhvasta kara paramapada nirvANa prApta karatA hai| manikAputra dvArA kiye gaye vivecana se puSpacUlA ne saMsAra kA vAstavika svarUpa samajha liyA / usane saMsAra ke ghora dukhoM se sadA ke liye apanA uddhAra karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa abhivyakta karate hue agnikAputra se prArthanA kI - "bhagavan ! mujhe isa saMsAra se virakti ho gaI hai, maiM apane pati se prAjJA lekara prApake pAsa saMyama grahaNa kruuNgii|" puSpacUlA ne rAjaprAsAda meM lauTa kara apane pati ke samakSa apanI prAntarika abhilASA prakaTa karate hue kahA - "deva ! maiMne dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA hai ki maiM pravajita ho tapazcaraNapUrvaka saMsRti ke duHkhoM ke mUla kAraNa karmasamUha kA samUla nAza kruuNgii| mujhe prAjJA dIjiye, maiM praSita honA cAhatI huuN|" puSpacUla ne apanI patnI ke dRr3hanizcaya ko dekha kara kahA- "maiM tumheM usa hI dazA meM pravajita hone kI prAjJA de sakatA hUM jaba ki tuma yaha pratijJA karo ki prajita hone ke pazcAt bhI tuma isa rAjaprAsAda ke hI kisI eka sthAna meM rahogI pora rAjaprAsAda se hI bhIkSA grahaNa krogii|"

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pATalIputra kA nirmANa ] kevalikAla : prAya jambU 261. puSpacUlA ne apane pati ke usa Agraha ko svIkAra kara dIkSA grahaNa kara lI evaM pUrNarUpeNa nirdoSa zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA aura vaha rAjaprAsAda meM rahakara ghora tapazcaryAeM karane lagI / kAlAntara meM nikAputra ne apane jJAna se bhAvI dvAdazavArSika bhISaraNa duSkAla kA grAgamana jAna kara apane zramaraNasaMgha ko anyatra bheja diyA aura ve jarAjIrNa zithilAMga hone ke kAraNa puSpabhadrA nagarI meM hI rahe / vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa anikAputra ko calane phirane meM bhI kaThinAI hotI thI ataH AryA puSpacUlA pratidina rAjaprAsAda ke antaHpura se nirdoSa prAhAra- pAnI samaya para lA kara detI / saMsAra kI prasAratA ke cintana evaM apane vRddha guru feng kI bar3I lagana ke sAtha utkaTa bhAvanA se sevA karane ke phalasvarUpa puSpacUlA ko eka dina kevalajJAna kI prApti ho gaI / aba to puSpacalA kevalajJAna kI dhArikA hone ke kAraraNa anikAputra ke mana meM jisa-jisa kArya athavA vastu ke liye vicAra utpanna hotA use tatkAla pUrNa kara detI / eka dina pratrikAputra ne pUchA - "jisa vastu kI jisa samaya maiM icchA karatA hUM, tatkAla vaha vastu mujhe mila jAtI hai / tumheM mere manogata vicAroM kA jJAna kaise ho jAtA hai ?" puSpacUlA ne uttara diyA- "bhagavan ! maiM ApakI ruci ko pahacAnatI huuN|" eka dina varSA ho rahI thI, usa samaya puSpacUlA ne AhAra lA kara anikAputra ke samakSa rkhaa| unhoMne kahA- "tuma to zramaraNAcAra ko sucAru rUpa se jAnane vAlI aura samyakarUperaNa pAlana karane vAlI ho, phira isa varSA meM tuma prAhAra le kara kaise bhAI ?"" puSpacUlA ne kahA- "bhagavan ! jisa mArga meM pAnI pracitta ho gayA, usa mArga se maiM prAhAra- pAnI lAyI hUM / ataH prAhAra lAne meM kisI prakAra kA prAyazcittaM nahIM lagA hai / " " vatse ! tumane yaha kaise jAna liyA ki usa mArga meM apkAya (jala) praci (jIvarahita ) ho gayA hai ?" anikAputra ne sAzcarya prazna kiyA / kevalI 'puSpacUlA ne kahA - "bhagavan ! mujhe kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi ho gaI hai|" yaha sunate hI anikAputra ne pazcAttApa bhare svara meM kahA - "bhagavatI ! zrApa mujhe kSamA kreN| maiMne kevalajJAnI kI prAsAtanA kI hai| merA vaha pApa niSphala ho jAya / " atyanta jijJAsApUrNa svara meM anikAputra ne kevalI puSpacUlA se pUchA"prabho ! mujhe nirvAraNa kI prApti hogI athavA nahIM ?" kevalI puSpacUlAM ne kahA- " prApa cintA na kareM ! gaMgA nadI ko pAra karate samaya Apako kevalajJAna kI prApti ho jAyagI / "

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pATalIputra kA nirmANa yaha suna kara antrikAputra kevalajJAna kI prApti ke liye pratyanta utkaNThita ho gaMgA kI ora cala par3e / gaMgAtaTa para pahuMca kara nikAputra bhI anya logoM ke sAtha nAva meM baiThe / nAva gaMgAnadI meM pravAhita kI gaI / nAva jaba gaMgA ke madhyabhAga meM pahuMcI to acAnaka usa ora se pAnI meM DUbane lagI jisa mora ki anikAputra baiThe hue the| yaha dekha kara agnikAputra nAva meM dUsarI ora baitthe| unake baiThate hI nAva usa ora se pAnI meM DUbane lgii| jisa-jisa mora manikAputra sarakate, nAva usa hI ora se pAnI meM DUbane lgto| anta meM agnikAputra nAva ke bIca meM baiThe to pUrI nAva hI pAnI meM DUbane lagI / yaha dekha kara nAva meM baiThe hue anya vyaktiyoM ne agnikAputra ko uThA kara gaMgA ke pravAha meM pheMka diyaa|' agnikApUtra zAntabhAva se prANimAtra para dayA rakhate hue vicAra karane lage- "mere isa zarIra ke dvArA pAnI ke kitane jIvoM kA vinAza ho rahA hai ?" isa prakAra kA vicAra karate-karate agnikAputra kA cintana apakazreNI para prArUr3ha huA aura unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| kevalajJAna kI prApti ke tatkAla pazcAt agnikAputra zukladhyAna ke tIje aura cauthe caraNa meM praviSTa hue aura usa hI samaya samasta karmoM ko naSTa kara nirvANa ko prApta hue| __ matsya, maccha Adi jalacara prANiyoM ne muni ke pArthiva zarIra ko khA DAlA aura unakI karoTI(ThuDDI sahita kapAla)dhar3a se alaga ho gaMgA kI dhArAoM meM idhara-udhara bahatI huI gaMgA ke kinAre eka sthAna para prA lgii| saMyogavaza pATalI vRkSa kA bIja usa karoTI meM pA ghusA aura kucha hI samaya pazcAt usa karoTI kI dAhinI hanu (ThuDDI) ko phor3a kara eka pATala vRkSa kA choTA sA paudhA aMkurita huaa| vaha paudhA samaya pAkara vizAla vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gyaa| yaha vahI pATalI kA pavitra vRkSa hai, jisa para ki yaha cASa pakSI baiThA huA hai|" vRddha naimittika se pATalI vRkSa ke sambandha meM sArA vivaraNa suna kara anya sabhI naimittika pAzcaryabharI dRSTi se usa pATalI vRkSa ko dekhane lge| 'mAvazyaka cUNi / mAvazyaka hAribhadrIyA, patra 689 (kha) prAcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai ki jyoM hI manikAputra ko gaMgAnadI meM pheMkA gayA tyoM hI pUrvajanma meM vaira rakhane vAlI eka vyantarI ne unheM dhUla para uThA liyA / zUla se vidhe hue panikAputra ne utkaTa bhAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura tatkAla ve mukta hue| yathA : tato nausthitalokena, sUriH vipi vAriNi / zUle nyadhAtpravacanapratyanIkAmarI va tam / / 16 / / zUlapoto pi gaMgAntaH mUrizvamacintayat / maho vapurmamAnekaprANyupadravakAraNam // 166 // [pariziSTaparva, sarga 6]

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pATalIputra kA nirmANa! kevalaukAla : Arya jambU 263 tadanantara vaha vizeSajJoM kA dala magadha kI rAjadhAnI ke liye navIna nagara basAne hetu usa sthAna ko sarvazreSTha sthAna nizcita kara mahArAja udAyI ke pAsa campA phuNcaa| una logoM se usa sthAna kI vizeSatA aura mahimA suna kara magadhapati udAyI bar3A prasanna huprA / usane mukhyAmAtya ko Adeza diyA ki zubha muhUrta meM gaMgA ke taTa para pATalI vRkSa ke pAsa nagara ke nirmANa kA kArya prArambha kiyA jaay| mahArAja udAyI ke AdezAnusAra isa kArya se sambandhita magadha ke ucca nirmANa adhikArI, sthApatya evaM vAstukalA ke labdhapratiSTha zilpI, nimittajJa aura hajAroM karmakAra gaMgAtaTa para pATalI vRkSa ke pAsa phuNce| nagarI ke liye prAvazyaka bhUmi kA mApa karanA prArambha kiyA gyaa| nApa karane ke liye sAMkaleM (jarI) DAlI jAne lgiiN| mukhya naimittika ne kahA - "DorI ko pakar3e hue pahale pUrva se pazcima dizA kI ora bar3ho / jaba taka zRgAla na bole taba taka pazcima dizA kI prora bar3hate hI jaamo| zRgAla ke bolate hI vahAM ruka jAmro aura phira pazcima dizA se uttara dizA kI mora bar3hate jaano| uttara dizA meM bhI bar3hate hue jisa jagaha pahuMcane para zRgAla kI dhvani suno vahIM ruka jAgo aura phira vahAM se pUrva dizA kI ora bddh'o| zRgAla kA zabda sunate hI pUrva kI ora bar3hanA bhI roka do tathA vahAM se dakSiNa dizA kI ora bar3hanA prArambha karo aura zRgAla ke bolate hI vahAM ruka jaamro|" ___ naimittika ke parAmarzAnusAra pUrva se pazcima, pazcima se uttara, uttara se pUrva praura anta meM pUrva se dakSiNa kI pora DorI DAlane vAle bddhe| zRgAla ke bolate hI usa dizA kI ora bar3hanA banda kara uparivariNata dizAkrama se bar3hate gaye aura isa prakAra nagara basAne ke lie eka suvistIrNa bhUkhaNDa kA mApa kiyA jAkara usa para cAroM pora cinha aMkita kara diye evaM nagara-nirmANa kA kArya prArambha kiyA gyaa| usa nagara ke nirmANa meM choTe-se-choTe karmakAra se lekara bar3e-se-bar3e zilpI ne athaka zrama, adbhuta kalA-kauzala, aura utkaTa kartavyaparAyaNatA kA paricaya diyaa| vistIrNa rAjapathoM, sundara mukhya mAgoM, sIdhe upamArgoM, gaganacumbI rAjaprAsAdoM, bhavya bhavanoM, vizAla vyApArika kendroM, prati suramya atithigRhoM, mAkarSaka bAjAroM, sthAna-sthAna para vApiyoM, kUpoM, tar3AgoM evaM vATikAmoM Adi se suzobhita prati kamanIya nagarI kA nirmANa pUrA humA / zubha muhUrta meM udAyI ne usa nagara kA nAma pATalIputra rakhA aura magadha kI rAjadhAnI campA se haTAkara isI pATalIputra meM pratiSThApita kii| sona nadI paura gaMgA nadI ke saMgama sthala ke pAsa gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para pATalIputra nAmaka yaha nagara magadhapati udAyI ne apane rAjyakAla ke cauthe varSa meM banavAyA, isa prakAra kA ullekha vAyupurANa meM kiyA gayA hai / yathA aSTAviMzassamA rAjA divisAdo bhaviSyati / paMcaviMzatsamA rAjA darzakastu bhaviSyati // 177 //

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264 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pATalIputra kA nirmANa udAyI bhavitA tasmAttrayastriMzatsamA nRpaH / savai puravaraM rAjA prathivyAM kusumAhvayaM / gaMgAyA dakSiNe kUle caturthe'nde kariSyati // 178 / / [vA0 pu0 a0 61] jaina evaM bauddha granthoM, vaidika paramparA ke purANagranthoM aura garga saMhitA meM yahI abhimata sarvasammata rUpa se diyA gayA hai ki magadhapati udAyI, udayAzva athavA udAI bhaTTa ne pATalIputra nagara basAyA / vAyupurANa meM kUNika kA darzaka ke nAma se paricaya diyA gayA hai| azoka kI rAjya-sabhA meM yUnAna kI ora se megasthanIja nAmaka rAjadUta kaI varSoM taka pATalIputra meM rhaa| usane IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM pATalIputra kA varNana karate hue likhA hai : "pATalIputra nagara kA AvAsasthala 80 sTUDiyA arthAt 6 mAila lambA, 15 sTuDiyA arthAt 1 mAila aura 1270 gaja caur3A hai| isake cAroM ora lakar3I kA eka bar3A sudRr3ha parakoTA banA huA hai jisameM 570 koThe, (burje) aura 64 daravAje bane hae haiM / isa parakoTe ko cAroM ora se ghere hue eka khAI hai, jo 60 phITa gaharI aura 200 gaja caur3I hai|" vartamAna meM parivartita rUpa se pATalIputra prAja bhI vidyamAna hai, jisako paTanA kahate haiN| jo koI bhI navAgantuka pATalIputra ko dekhatA, usake mukha se sahasA yahI udgAra nikala par3ate - "are ! yaha to asIma prAkAza meM pravasthita suraloka kI rAjadhAnI alakApurI hI pravanItala para avatarita ho gaI hai|" isa prakAra svalpa samaya meM ho pATalIputra kI khyAti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gaI / deza-dezAntaroM se bar3e-bar3e lakSmIpati zreSThI, udyogapati, samasta vidyAnoM ke pAragAmI vidvAna, jyotirvida, sAhityika, Ayurveda-vizArada, vaiyAkaraNI, sAmanta, zilpI aura kalAkAra prAdi prA-mA kara pATalIputra ke sthAyI nivAsI vanane lge| mahArAja udAyI dvArA pATalIputra ko magadha kI rAjadhAnI banAye jAne ke pazcAt pATalIputra bhAratavarSa kA eka pramukha, sundara, samRddha aura ajeya nagara samajhA jAne lgaa| zanaiH zanaiH pATalIputra udyoga, vyApAra, kalAkauzala, saMskRti, zikSA aura dharma kA eka bahata mahattvapUrNa kendra bana gayA / udAyI ne svayaM dvArA basAye gaye isa nagara kI zrI-abhivRddhi meM kisI prakAra kI kora-kasara na rkhii| vaha pATalIputra meM rahate hue nyAya, nIti aura dharmapUrvaka zAsana karane lge| unhoMne apanI mantripariSada, mANDalika rAjAoM, sAmantoM, vidvAnoM, vizeSajJoM aura mahApauroM ke parAmarza se sabhI vargoM ke logoM ke liye sabhI prakAra kI sukhasuvidhAoM kA samucita rUpa se yathAsamaya prabandha kara pATalIputra kI cahaMmukhI pragati karane meM bar3I tatparatA se kArya kiyaa| udAyI bar3A durgharSa yoddhA, nItinipuNa aura kuzala zAsaka thaa| usane uddaNDa sAmantoM aura yuddhapriya rAjAmoM ko

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265 pATalIputra kA nirmANa] kevalIkAla : prAyaM jambU yuddha meM parAjita kara magadha ke vizAla rAjya ko niSkaMTaka-zatruvihIna banA kara prajA ko suzAsana diyaa| . kuzala rAjanItijJa evaM suyogya zAsaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha udAyI bar3e hI dharmaniSTha the| unake hRdaya meM jainadharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA thii| ve pratyeka pakSa kI aSTamI aura caturdazI ke dina niyamita rUpa se pauSadha kiyA karate the| apane zAsana ko sudRr3ha banAne hetu unhoMne aneka uddhata rAjAmoM evaM sAmantoM kI sainyazakti ko vicchinna kara unheM rAjyacyuta kiyaa| eka samaya apane vazavartI isI prakAra ke eka uddaNDa rAjA dvArA unake prati kiye gaye vidroha ko dabAne ke liye udAyI ne usake rAjya para AkramaNa kiyaa| yuddha meM vaha vidrohI rAjA burI taraha parAjita huprA aura isI zoka se kucha hI samaya pazcAt usakA prANAnta ho gyaa| usa mRta vidrohI rAjA kA bar3A, rAjakumAra apane pitA kI mRtyu aura rAjya china jAne se kruddha ho udAyI se badalA lene kI socane lgaa| bhISaNa pratizodha kI bhAvanA se prerita ho vaha ujjayinI gayA / usa samaya ujjayinI meM caNDapradyota ke pautra kA rAjya thaa| caNDa pradyota aura zreNika ke samaya se hI magadha aura mAlavA ke rAjavaMzoM meM paraspara zatrutA evaM spardhApUrNa sambandha cale A rahe the| ataH rAjakumAra ne mAlavapati kI sevA meM upasthita ho udAyI se pratizodha lene kA apanA saMkalpa prakaTa kiyaa| udAyI jase prabala pratApI evaM zaktizAlI rAjA ke sAtha khule rUpa meM Takkara lene kA mAlavapati. sAhasa na kara sakA aura usane kevala maukhika sahAnubhUti prakaTa karate hue use yaha kaha kara vidA kiyA ki upayukta avasara mAne para hI kucha kiyA jA sakatA hai| . vidrohI rAjakumAra ke hRdaya meM pratizodha kI agni pracaNDa vega se prajvalita ho rahI thii| ucita avasara kI pratIkSA karane kA usameM dhairya nahIM rahA prataH vaha rAjakumAra chapa veSa meM pArTIlaputra pahuMcA aura mahArAjA udAyI para kapaTapUrvaka prANaghAtaka prahAra karane kI antara meM durAzA chupAye rAta-dina kisI upayukta avasara kI Toha meM rahane lagA / vidrohI rAjakumAra ne udAyI ke prANoM se apanI pyAsa bujhAne ke mArga meM sabhI prakAra ke chala-chapa kA sahArA liyA kintu rAjakIya sudRr3ha rakSA vyavasthA ke kAraNa use apane uddezya kI pUrti meM kiMcitmAtra bhI saphalatA prApta nahIM huI / apanI asaphalatA para hatAza hone ke sthAna para vaha pratizodha lene ke liye dimaH tidina aura adhika uttejita rahane lagA / aharniza isa udher3a-buna meM rahate-rahate antatogatvA usane apanI uddezyaprati ke liye eka jaghanya upAya DhUMr3ha nikaalaa| usane dekhA ki udAyI na mAdhayoM kA ananya bhakta hai| pratyeka pakSa kI aSTamI paura caturdazI ko vaha apanI pauSadhazAlA meM zramaNoM ko mAmantrita karatA hai aura unase pauSabha grahaNa kara mahaniza unakI sevA meM rahatA hai / zramaNoM para

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266 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ pATalIputra kA nirmANa pUrNa vizvAsa hone ke kAraNa surakSA vyavasthA una dinoM meM kevala pauSadhazAlA ke bAhara hI rahatI thI / pauSadhazAlA ke abhyantara kakSa meM kisI prakAra kI surakSA vyavasthA nahIM rahatI / apane lakSya kI prApti ke liye usa vidrohI rAjakumAra ne eka prAcArya kI sevA meM upasthita ho nirgratha-dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane antara meM pratizodha kI Aga ko gupta rakhate hue vaha prakaTa meM sabhI prakAra ke zramaNAcAra kA samIcIna rUpa se pAlana karane lagA / vinaya, paricaryA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa vaha svalpa samaya meM hI saba sAdhuyoM kA vizvAsapAtra aura prItibhAjana bana gayA / isa prakAra usa vidrohI rAjakumAra ko zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue bAraha varSa vyatIta ho gaye / vividha kSetroM meM vihAra karate hue jainAcArya eka dina pATalIputra nagara meM padhAre / aSTamI ke dina udAyI ne una prAcArya ko rAjaprAsAda meM avasthita apanI pauSadhazAlA meM upadeza dene ke liye prArthanA kI / udAyI kI prArthanA ko svIkAra karate hue una prAcArya mahArAja ne apane usa chadmaveSadhArI ziSya ko upakaraNAdi le kara rAjaprAsAda meM calane ke liye kahA / apane cirapratIkSita kArya kI siddhi kA samaya sannikaTa AyA samajha kara vaha chadmaveSadhArI ziSya mana hI mana bar3A prasanna huA / usane anya upakaraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha apanI dIkSA ke samaya se hI chupAkara sAtha meM rakhI huI kaMkalohanirmita churI bhI apane sAtha rakha lI aura vaha apane dharmAcArya kA padAnusaraNa karatA huA rAjaprAsAda meM pahuMca gayA / udAyI ne bhaktipUrvaka AcArya aura unake ziSya ko savidhi vandana kara pauSavrata graharaNa kiyA / zrAcArya zrI ne rAjakIya pauSadhazAlA meM pravacana diye / dina bhara udAyI ne prAcArya mahArAja kI sevA meM raha kara unase dharmacarcA kii| rAtri meM bhI eka prahara taka dharmacarcA kA krama calatA rahA / tadantara apane ziSya sahita dharmAcArya aura mahArAjA udAyI ne poSadhazAlA meM hI zayana kiyA / mahArAjA udAyI aura zrAcArya ko nidrAdhIna samajha kara vaha chadmaveSadhArI sAdhu cupake se uThA aura bar3I sAvadhAnI se udAyI ke pAsa prAyA / usane 12 varSa pUrva apane pAsa chupA kara rakhI huI tIkSNa churI ko dAhine hAtha meM dRr3hatApUrvaka pakar3A aura usase udAyI kI gardana kATa dI / udAyI kI hatyA karane ke pazcAt vaha sAdhu veSadhArI vidrohI rAjakumAra pauSadhazAlA se bAhara nikalA / "yaha sAMdhu zArIrika zaMkA kI nivRtti hetu bAhara jA rahA hogA" yaha samajha kara dvArapAloM ne use nahIM rokA aura isa prakAra vaha udAyI kA hatyArA pATalIputra se bhAga nikalane meM saphala huA / udAyI ke dhar3a zrIra mastaka se bahe rudhira se prArdra hone para prAcArya kI nidrA bhaMga huI / udAyI kI kaTI huI grIvA ke pAsa hI lahU se lathapatha churI naura apane ziSya kI anupasthiti ko dekha kara unheM vastusthiti ko samajhane meM adhika vilamba nahIM huA / unheM tatkAla vizvAsa ho gayA ki unake ziSya ke veSa meM vastutaH udAyI kA koI ghora zatru chupA huAA thA bhora vaha udAyI kI hatyA karane ke pazcAt vahA~ se palAyana kara gayA hai| jinazAsana aura jinavANI ko aprakIti

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pATalIputra kA nirmANa ] kevalikAla : zrArya jambU 267 se bacAne ke liye unhoMne tatkAla apanA prANAnta karane kA nizcaya kiyA / AlocanA-pratikramaNa karake AcArya mahArAja ne udAyI ke hatyAre dvArA ghaTanAsthala para chor3I gaI churI se apanA mastaka kATa kara apanA prANAnta kara liyA / " isa prakAra zrAvazyaka cUriMga, Avazyaka vRtti, pariziSTa parva Adi prAcIna graMthoM ke ullekhAnusAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 60 meM, Arya jambUsvAmI ke saMghAdhinAyakatva kAla meM hI zizunAgavaMza ke antima rAjA saMtativihIna udAyI kI hatyA ke sAtha hI magadha rAjya para zizunAgavaMza kA Adhipatya samApta ho gayA / udAyI kA hatyArA vidrohI rAjakumAra sAdhuveSa kA parityAga kara ujjayinI ke adhIzvara ke pAsa pahuMcA aura use svayaM dvArA kI gaI udAyI kI hatyA kA sArA vRttAnta kaha sunAyA / ujjayinI ke mahArAjA ne usakI bhartsanA karate hue kahA - "bAraha varSa kI lambI avadhi taka mahAn prAcArya kI sevA meM rahate hue zramaNAcAra ke pAlana karane ke anantara bhI tumhArI pAzavika manovRtti meM kiMcitmAtra bhI parivartana nahIM AyA, isase siddha hotA hai ki tuma ekAntataH pravizvasanIya narAdhama ho / tuma yathAzIghra merI rAjya-sImA se bAhara nikala jAo / " avantIpati dvArA tiraskRta ho kara vaha vidrohI gayA / vaha jahAM kahIM jAtA logoM dvArA yaha kaha kara udAyI mAraka hai / aneka itihAsajJoM dvArA AzaMkA prakaTa kI jAtI hai ki kauzAmbI ke rAjA udayana ke jIvana kI antima ghaTanA ko magadhapati udAyI ke sAtha kisI samaya bhrAntivaza athavA bhUla se jor3a diyA gayA hai| unakA prabhimata hai ki vatsapati udayana putra vihIna thA aura usake kisI zatru ne sAdhu kA chadmaveSa dhAraNa kara usakI hatyA kI thI / magadhapati udAyI na to putra vihIna hI thA aura na usakI kisI ke dvArA hatyA hI kI gaI thI / vastutaH yaha eka gahana zodha kA viSaya hai / bhAratIya vAGmaya se bhinna 'mahAvaMzoM' ke etadviSayaka katipaya ullekhoM se isa prazna kI jaTilatA aura bhI bar3ha gaI hai / nandavaMza kA prabhyudaya prAyaH zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAvazyaka cUriMga prAdi sabhI granthoM meM nandavaMza abhyudaya ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se ullekha upalabdha hotA hai : ke rAjakumAra vahAM se calA dutkArA jAtA ki yaha magadhapati mahArAjA udAyI kI hatyA se kucha samaya pUrva vezyAM ke garbha se utpanna pATaliputra nivAsI nanda nAmaka eka nApitaM putra ne rAtri kI avasAna velA meM svapna dekhA ki usane apanI prAMtoM se samasta pATaliputra nagara ko pariveSTita kara liyA hai| nanda ne prAtaHkAla hote hI apane upAdhyAya ko apanA svapna , ruhireNu grAyariyA paccAliyA, uDiyA, pecchrati rAyArAga vAbAiyaM mA pavayassa uDAho hohitti grAlaya paDikako grApaNo sImaM chideI kAlagao se evaM / [ grAvazyaka hAribhadrIyA, patra 660 ]

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26, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [nandavaMza kA abhyudaya sunaayaa| upAdhyAya svapnazAstra kA marmajJa thaa| nanda ke mukha se usake svapnadarzana kI bAta sunakara vaha use apane ghara le gyaa| vahAM usane nanda ko nahalA-dhulA evaM sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kara usake sAtha apanI kanyA kA vivAha kara diyaa| upAdhyAya kI putrI ke sAtha pANigrahaNa saMskAra hone ke uparAnta nanda upAdhyAya ke ghara para hI rahane lgaa| upAdhyAya ne nanda ke liye eka sundara pAlakI kA prabandha kara diyA, jisameM baiThakara nanda apanI icchAnusAra nagara meM paribhramaNa karane lgaa| mamadhapati udAyI ke koI putra nahIM thA, isaliye usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM, kisako magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para abhiSitta kiyA jAya, yaha prazna maMtriyoM evaM adhikAriyoM ke samakSa upasthita huaa| bar3e vicAra-vinimaya ke pazcAt mantriyoM dvArA udAyI ke paTTahastI, pramukha prazva, chatra, kumbhakalaza aura caMvaroM ko mantrAbhiSikta kiyA gayA evaM unheM rAjyaprAsAda kI paridhi meM ghUmAyA jAne lgaa| kucha samaya taka prAsAda ke prAMgaNa meM ghumAne ke pazcAt paTTahastI, pradhAna azva Adi pAMcoM divya prAsAda ke bAhara aaye| pAlakI meM AsIna nanda ko udhara se nikalate hue dekhakara paTTahastI ne cighAr3ate hue apanI saMDa se kumbhakalaza ko uThAkara usake jala se nanda kA abhiSeka kara diyaa| pradhAnAzva bhI nanda ke pAsa pahuMcA aura nanda ko usane apanI pITha para baiThA liyaa| jyoMhI nanda usa pradhAnAzva kI pITha para baiThA tyoMhI vaha pradhAnAzva harSAtirekavazAt bar3e jora-jora se hinahinAne lgaa| udAyI kA rAjachatra bhI svataH hI nanda ke mastaka para tana gayA aura nanda ke donoM ora mantrAdhiSThita ve donoM cAmara svataH hI adRzya zakti se prerita ho vyajita hone lge| yaha saba camatkAra dekhakara amAtyoM, mantriyoM, pramukha poroM evaM nAgarikoM ne milakara bar3e prAnandollAsa evaM utsava ke sAtha nanda kA magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyaa| nanda kA magadha ke siMhAsana para yaha rAjyAbhiSeka vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt 60 varSa vyatIta ho jAne para vIra ni0 saM0 61 meM humaa|' prArambha meM nanda ke sAmantoM, dvArapAloM aura aMgarakSakoM taka ne use nApitaputra samajhakara usakA sammAna, prAjJApAlana aAdi nahIM kiyA kintu kucha hI samaya meM usake prabala pUNya ke pratApa se ve sabhI usakI pratyeka prAjJA kA akSarazaH pAlana karane lge| rAjA nanda kisI suyogya evaM vizvAsapAtra vyakti ko apane kumArAmAtya ke pada para niyukta karanA cAhatA thaa| ataH vaha rAtadina kisI aise vyakti kI khoja meM rahane lgaa| mahAna amAtya vaMza kA udbhava pATaliputra nagara meM magadha kI rAjadhAnI sthAnAntarita ho jAne ke anantara kapila nAmaka eka vidvAn evaM agnihotrI brAhmagA apanI gahiraNI ke sAtha pATali' anantaraM varddhamAnamvAminirvANavAgarAt / gatAyAM paSTi vAtsamipa nando'bhavannRpaH / / 4 / / [pariziSTa parva. sarga 6)

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ma0 amAtya vaMza kA udbhava] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 269 putra nagara meM pAyA aura vaha usa nagara se kucha hI dUra para ghara banAkara vahAM nivAsa karane lgaa| kAlAntara meM eka sthavira muni apane ziSyoM sahita vicaraNa karate hue kapila brAhmaNa ke nivAsasthAna para phNce| usa samaya sUryAsta hone hI vAlA thA isaliye ve muni kapila se prAjJA prApta kara apane ziSyoM sahita usakI yajJazAlA meM rAtrivizrAma ke liye Thahara gye|| kapila ke mana meM yaha jijJAsA utpanna huI ki ye jaina sAdhu dharma ke gUr3ha rahasya aura tatvoM ke jJAtA haiM yA nhiiN| vaha rAtri ke samaya unake pAsa pahuMcA aura usane una muni ke sAtha dharmacarcA prArambha kii| muni ke mukha se jIva, ajIvAdi tatvoM aura dharma kI azrutapUrva vizada vyAkhyA sunakara vaha muni-caraNoM meM zraddhAvanata ho gayA aura unheM apanA guru banAkara usane unase zramaNopAsaka dharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| dUsare dina ve mani vahAM se vihAra kara anyatra vicaraNa karane lge| . kapila dvArA zrAvakadharma svIkAra kiye jAne ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt eka anya prAcArya vihArakrama se vicaraNa karate hae vahAM pahuMce aura kapila se anujJA prApta kara usake ghara meM Thahare / dUsare hI dina kapila kI patnI ne eka putra ko janma diyA / usa navajAta zizu ko vyantariyoM ne apane prabhAva se abhibhUta kara nizceSTa kara diyaa| kapila jaina sAdhanoM ke tapa, tyAga evaM tejasvitA se bar3A prabhAvita thaa| usane apane usa nissaMjJa putra ko uThAkara sAdhunoM dvArA sukhAne ke liye ulTe rakhe gaye eka pAtra ke nIce rakha diyaa| una tapodhana maharSiyoM ke pAtrajala ke sparzamAtra se hI zizu vyantariyoM ke duSTa prabhAva se sadA ke liye vimukta ho pUrNarUpeNa svastha ho gyaa| muniyoM dvArA kalpa kiye jAne vAle pAtroM ke jala ke prabhAva se usa zizu kI jIvana-rakSA huI, isa smRti ko cirasthAyI banAne ke liye kapila ne apane usa putra kA nAma kalpAka rakhA / kalpAka ne apane pitA se samasta vidyAoM evaM jainAgamoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| kAlAntara meM kalpAka ke mAtA aura pitA kA dehAnta ho gyaa| __kalpAka apane samaya kA eka ucca koTi kA vidvAn thaa| usake ghara para vibhinna viSayoM ke vidyArthiyoM kI bhIr3a rahane lgii| kalpAka jaba nagara meM jAtA to usake pIche usake ziSyoM kI bhIr3a laga jaatii| pATaliputra ke nivAsI kalpAka kA bar3A sammAna karate the| apane pitA dvArA prApta zrAvaka dharma ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa kalpAka bar3A saMtoSI vidvAn thaa| dhana-sampatti ke saMgraha karane kA kabhI koI vicAra taka bhI usake mana meM utpanna nahIM huaa| aneka vidvAnoM ne apanIapanI kanyAoM ke sAtha pANigrahaNa kara lene kI prArthanAeM kalpAka se kI para kalpAka ne vivAha karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ' tasyAmeva hi tAmasyAM dharmadezanayA tayA / zrAvakaH kapilo jajJe'SAcAryA yayuranyataH // 13 // [pariziSTa parva, sarga 7)

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270 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [ma0 bha0 vaMza kA udbhava kalpAka jisa mArga dvArA apane ghara se pATaliputra nagara meM jAtA-pAtA thA, usa hI mArga para eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usakI eka kanyA jalodara roga se grasta thI prataH anindha sundarI hote hue bhI kisI brAhmaNa kumAra ne usake sAtha vivAha karanA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| usa kanyA ke rajasvalA hone para brAhmaNa bar3A cintita huprA aura apane Apako bhrUNa hatyA karane vAle aparAdhI ke tulya pApI samajhate hue apanI kanyA ke vivAha kA koI upAya socane lgaa| bahuta socavicAra ke pazcAt use eka upAya suujhaa| usane apane ghara ke sammukha mArga ke pAsa hI kUpatulya eka gaDDA khodA aura kalpAka ko isa mArga se Ate dekhakara usane apanI kanyA ko usa gar3e meM Dhakela diyA aura jora-jora se cillAne lagA- "jo vyakti merI kanyA ko isa gahare gaDDhe meM se nikAlegA usa hI ko maiM apanI yaha kanyA de duuNgaa|" kalpAka kanyA ke gaDDhe meM gira par3ane kI bAta sunate hI daur3a kara gaDDhe ke pAsa gyaa| usa brAhmaNa ke antima vAkya ko kalpAka ne nahIM sunA / vaha dayA se dravIbhUta ho gaDDhe meM utarA aura usa kanyA ko pakar3a kara gaDDhe se bAhara le praayaa| brAhmaNa ne kalpAka se kahA- "maiMne ucca-svara meM kahA thA ki jo isa kanyA ko isa kUpikA se nikAlegA usa hI ko meM yaha kanyA duuNgaa| merI usa pratijJA ko suna kara Apane ise nikAlA hai ataH Apa isake sAtha pANigrahaNa kIjiye / Apa satyasandha haiN|" kalpAka usa brAhmaNa kI bAta suna kara avAk khar3A kA khar3A raha gyaa| antatogatvA vivAha karane kI icchA na hote hue bhI use usa brAhmaNa-kanyA ke sAtha vivAha karane kI svIkRti denI pdd'ii| sakala vidyAniSNAta kalpAka ne Ayurvedika auSadhiyoM ke prayoga se usa brAhmaNa kanyA ko jalodara roga se vimukta kara usake sAtha vivAha kara liyaa| - kalpAka kI vidvattA aura pratyutpannamatI sambandhI yazogAthAeM suna kara mahArAja nanda ne use apanA kumArAmAtya banAne kA nizcaya kara apane pAsa bulAyA aura use magadha rAjya ke pradhAnAmAtya kA pada svIkAra karane kI prArthanA kii| kalpAka ne nanda kI prArthanA ko asvIkRta karate hue kahA - "rAjan ! samaya para do roTI ke atirikta mujhe aura kisI prakAra kA parigraha bar3hAne kI icchA nahIM hai| mahatvAkAMkSAnoM se vihIna mere jaise dharmabhIru vyaktiyoM ke liye amAtya jaise gurutara pada ke kartavyoM kA nirvahana karanA sambhava nhiiN| ataH prApa mujhe kSamA pradAna kIjiye, meM isa pada ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha huuN|" kalpAka dvArA apanI AjJA kI avahelanA se nanda ko var3A kSobha huA aura vaha use apanI icchAnusAra apanA AjJAvartI amAtya banAne ke liye aharniza kalpAka meM kisI prakAra ke chidra kA anveSaNa karane meM prayatnazIla rahane lgaa| bahuta prayAsa karane para bhI nanda usa svalpasantoSI nirabhilASI kalpAka meM kisI prakAra kA doSa na pA sakA / bahuta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt nanda ne apane raMjaka

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ma0 amAtya vaMza kA udbhava] kevanikAla : mArya jam 271 (raMgareja) se pUchA - "tumhAre hI ghara kI ora kalpAka paNDita rahatA hai| vaha tumase kabhI apane vastra raMgavAtA hai athavA nahIM ?" __raMjaka ne sAMjali zIza jhukAte hue uttara diyA- "pRthvInAtha ! ve apane ghara ke vastra mujha se hI raMgavAyA karate haiN|" nanda ne AjJAsUcaka svara meM kahA- "aba jaba kabhI vaha tumheM vastra raMgane ke liye de to una vastroM ko use lauTAnA mata / " "jo AjJA mahArAja !" kaha kara raMjaka ne nanda kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kiyA aura vaha vahAM se apane ghara calA gyaa| eka dina kaumudI mahotsava kA samaya samIpa pAyA samajha kara kalpAka kI patnI ne apane pati se kahA- "kAnta ! mere ina bahumUlya vastroM ko prApa rAjA ke raMjaka se raMgavA diijiye|" kalpAka ne pahale to yaha soca kara apanI patnI kI bAta ko upekSA kI ki tyohAra ke dinoM meM rAjamAnya raMjaka kirAye ke lobha meM kisI anya ko ve sundara vastra de sakatA hai kintu vaha apanI patnI ke AgrahapUrNa anurodha ko TAla na sakA aura anta meM usane apanI patnI ke vastra usa rAja-raMjaka ko raMgane hetu de diye| . utsava ke dina kalpAka raMjaka ke ghara para gayA aura usase vastra maaNge| rAjAjJA kA anupAlana karate hue rajaka ne kalpAka ko vastra nahIM lauTAye / kalpAka aneka bAra raMjaka ke ghara para vastra lene gayA para hara bAra raMjaka ne use koI na koI bahAnA banA kara binA vastra diye hI lauTA diyaa| isa prakAra do varSa vyatIta ho gaye / tRtIya varSa kA prArambha hone para eka dina kalpAka punaH raMjaka ke ghara para pahuMcA aura usane pUrvavat usase apane vastroM kI mAMga kii| raMjaka dvArA punaH eka nayA bahAnA banAne aura vastra na lauTAne ke kAraNa kalpAka atyanta kruddha svara meM kahane lagA- "o paramAdhama raMjaka ! tU bar3A adbhuta cora hai, aba to mere vastra bhI jIrNa hone Aye haiN| tumane mujhe bahuta parezAna kiyA hai / para yAda rakhanA, aba to maiM apane vastra tere rakta se raMga kara hI le jaauuNgaa|" yaha kaha kara kalpAka kruddha sarpa kI taraha phUtkAra karatA huA apane ghara kI ora lauTa gyaa| dUsare dina sUryAsta ho jAne para kalpAka ne apanA churA apanI bagala meM chupAyA aura vaha kruddha mudrA meM raMjaka ke ghara kI ora bar3hA / raMjaka ke dvAra para pahuMca kara kalpAka ne krodhAveza bhare svara meM pukArA- "pro narAdhama ! maiM pichale do varSoM se sevaka kI taraha tere ghara para prAtA rahA huuN| Aja tU spaSTa uttara de ki mere vastra detA hai athavA nahIM ?" kruddha yamarAja kI taraha bhRkuTI tAne hue kalpAka ko dekha kara raMjaka bhaya se sihara uThA / usane har3abar3AhaTa bhare svara meM apanI strI se kahA- "pro lakSmI ! zIghratApUrvaka Apake vastra lA kara Apako de de|" "rajakapatnI ne tatkAla gaha ke abhyantara kakSa se vastra lAkara kAMpate hue hAthoM se kalpAka ke samakSa rakha diye| apanI patnI ke vastroM ko dekhakara kalpAka

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272 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [ma0 a0 0 kA udbhava ne apane bagala meM chupAI huI churI ko nikaalaa| eka do kSaNa usa churI ko apane hAtha meM nacAte hue kalpAka ne brahmarAkSasa kI taraha bhISaNa aTTahAsa kiyA aura lapaka-jhapaka kara usa chUrI ke prahAra se rajaka kA peTa cIra ddaalaa| rajaka dhar3Ama se dharatI para gira par3A aura usake udara se raktadhArA baha niklii| kalpAka ne usa rajaka ke laha meM apanI patnI ke vastroM ko rNgaa| apane pati ko nizceSTa pRthvI para chaTapaTAte dekhakara rajakapatnI ne karuNa Rdana karate hue kalpAka se kahA"brAhmaNa devatA ! Apane mere niraparAdha pati ko vyartha hI.mAra DAlA hai| hamArA koI aparAdha nahIM, hamane to mahArAja nanda kI AjJA se anubaddha hone ke kAraNa prApako vastra nahIM diye / " yaha kahakara rajakapatnI phUTa-phUTakara rone lgii| vilakSaNa buddhi kalpAka ne tatkSaNa vastusthiti ko samajha liyaa| usane mana hI mana socA - "acchA, to mahArAja nanda ne apanI AjJA kA anupAlana karavAne hetu yaha SaDyaMtra racA hai| isa raMjaka kI hatyA ke aparAdha meM rAjapuruSa mujhe pakar3a kara le jAyaM, usase pahale hI mujhe mahArAja nanda ke samakSa upasthita ho jAnA caahiye|" isa prakAra kA nizcaya kara kalpAka tatkAla tvarita gati se magadhapati mahArAja nanda ke rAjabhavana kI ora prasthita huaa| kalpAka ko dUra se dekhate hI nanda ne anumAna lagA liyA ki usakA dUradarzitApUrNa prapaMca aAja raMga le prAyA hai aura usakI manokAmanA Aja pUrNa hone jA rahI hai| vaha mana hI mana apAra mAnanda kA anubhava karane lgaa| jyoMhI kalpAka ne usake kakSa meM paira rakhA ki nanda apane siMhAsana se utara kara kalpAka ke sammukha paayaa| bar3e aAdara ke sAtha usane kalpAka ko apane pAsa hI ke eka ucca siMhAsana para baitthaayaa| nanda ne kalpAka ke mukha ke hAva-bhAvoM se usakI prAbhyaMtarecchA kA parijJAna kara liyaa| apanI kAryasiddhi ke liye upayukta avasara dekhakara nanda ne atyanta madhura svara meM kalpAka se prArthanA kI - "vidvan ! Apa magadharAjya kA pradhAnAmAtya pada svIkAra kara magadharAjya kI sarvatomukhI pragati evaM zrIvRddhi kiijiye|" "yathAjJApayati deva !" kahakara kalpAka ne mahArAjA nanda kI prArthanA ko svIkAra kara liyaa| eka nItiniSNAta suyogya vidvAna ko apane pradhAnAmAtya ke rUpa meM prApta kara nanda ne apane Apako kRtakRtya maanaa| nanda ne atyanta harSavibhora ho apane hRdaya meM sudIrghakAla se kaNTaka ke samAna khaTakane vAlI aneka vikaTa samasthAnoM ke samAdhAna ke sambandha meM kalpAka ke sammukha katipaya gUr3ha prazna rakhe / sutIkSaNabuddhi kalpAka ne tatkSaNa una samasyAyoM ke samAdhAna sambandhI sahaja upAya nanda ke sammukha prastuta kiye, jinheM sunakara nanda bar3A prasanna, prabhAvita evaM camatkRta huaa| jisa samaya mahArAja nanda aura kalpAka mantraNA kara rahe the, usa hI samaya raMjakoM kA eka pratinidhimaMDala mahArAja nanda ke darabAra meM kalpAka ke viruddha

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ma0 amAtya vaMza kA udbhava kevalikAla : prArya jambU abhiyoga prastuta karane nanda ke prAsAda meM upasthita huA para jyoM hI usa pratinidhi maMDala ke sadasyoM ne dekhA ki kalpAka mahArAjA nanda ke prati sannikaTa eka uccAsana para baiThA hai aura rAjA usake sAtha gUDha mantraNA meM nirata haiM, to ve sabhI raMjaka bhaya evaM Azcarya se abhibhUta ho binA kucha bole cupacApa apane-apane gharoM kI ora lauTa gye| mahArAja nanda ne tatkAla apane pahale ke pradhAnAmAtya ko apadastha kara kalpAka ko magadha kA pradhAnAmAtya bnaayaa| rAjA ne kalpAka ko pradhAnAmAtya kI mudrA, cinha, adhikAra evaM sukha-suvidhA prAdi pradAna kii| pradhAnAmAtya kA padabhAra vahana karane ke pazcAt kalpAka ne bar3I kuzalatA se zAma, dAma, daNDa, bheda Adi ke prayoga se kramazaH nanda ke samasta zatru rAjAnoM ko vaza meM kara liyA aura dUradUra taka magadha rAjya kA vistAra kara diyaa| kalpAka ke nItinaipuNya ke kAraNa prathama nanda kI bhArata ke mahAn zaktizAlI mahArAjAmoM meM gaNanA kI jAne lgii| magadha samrATa udAyI tathA usake uttarAdhikArI nanda (nandivarDana) ke sambandha meM vimina mAgyatAeM jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, prAcArya hemacandrasUri ne pariziSTa parva meM', zrI jinadAsa gaNi mahattara ne prAvazyaka cUriNa meM, zrI haribhadrasUri ne mAvazyaka vRtti meM tathA aneka pUrvAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM ne katipaya granthoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM magadhasamrAT udAyI- kI aputrAvasthA meM hatyA kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti meM eka sthAna para udAyI kI saMtativihIna dazA meM hatyA kiye jAne kA tathA dUsare sthala meM udAyI dvArA apane . udAyayaputragotro hi paralokamagAditi / tatrAntare paMcadivyAnyabhiSiktAni mantribhiH / / 236 // [pariziSTaparva, sarma 6] 2 rupireNa pAyarikA sikA, penchati rAyA vivAvAhito, mA pavayaNassa uDDAho hohititi pAloitaparikkatA appaNo sIsaM cidaMti, tevi kAlagatA, sovi evaM / ito ya hAviyadAso....."sIyAe NagaraM hiMDAviSajati, so ya rAyA aMtepurapAlehiM sejjAvatIe viTTho, sahasA u kUvitaM, rAtaM, aputtotti praSNeNa dAreNa NIto, sakkArito..... . [mAvazyakariNa, bhA. 2, pR0 150] 3 rAjApi prasupta, tenotyAya rAjJaH zIrSe nivezitA,....... rupireNa prAcAryAH pratyAdvitAH, prekSante rAjAnaM myApAditaM, mA pravacanasya . uDDAho bhUdityAlocitapratikrAntA pAtmanaH zIrSa chindanti, kAlagatAsta evaM / itazca nApitazAlAyAM nApitadAsa upAdhyAyAya kapatiyathA mamAcAntreNa nagaraM veSTitaM, prabhAte dRSTaM, sa svapnazAstraM jAnAti, tadA haM nItvA mastakaM potaM duhitA ca tasmaM dattA, dIpitumArabdhaH zivikayA nagaraM hinjyate, so'pi rAjA antaHpurikAzayayApAlikAbhihaSTa: sahasA, kUjitaM, jJAtaH praputra ityanyena dvAreNa nItaH satkAritaH, prazvo'dhivAsitaH, abhyantare hiNDito madhye hiNDita: bahinirgato rAjakulAt taM nApitadArakaM pRSTho lagayati prekSate ca taM tejasA jvalaMta rAjyAbhiSekeNAbhiSikto rAjA jAtaH / - [bhAvazyaka hAribhadrIyA, patra 690] -

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274 , jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [udAyI evaM naMda viSayaka mA0 putra anuruddha ko rAjyabhAra sauMpA jA kara yAtrA, prAtmasAdhanA meM nirata rahane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| __ laMkA meM likhita bauddha graMtha mahAvaMza meM tathA eka anya bauddha kRti azokAvadAna meM magadhapati udAyI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt 6 varSa taka anuruddha aura 2 varSa taka munda kA magadha para zAsana rahane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAyupurANa meM magadhasamrAT bimbasAra ke putra ajAtazatru kUNika kA darzaka ke nAma se paricaya diyA gayA hai aura jaina graMthoM kI mAnyatA ke anurUpa usake putra kA nAma udAyI batAyA gayA hai| udAyI ke pazcAt vAyupurANa meM nandivarddhana ko magadha kA zAsaka batAte hue likhA gayA hai ki nandivarddhana ne 42 varSa taka magadha kA zAsana kiyaa|' . zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM udAyI ko aja aura usake uttarAdhikArI magadha ke rAjA nandivarddhana (nanda) ko prAjeya ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| garga saMhitA meM udAyI ko "dharmAtmA udayana" ke sammAnapUrNa sambodhana se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| bauddhoM ke sarvamAnya dharmagraMtha dIrghanikAya meM udAyI kA "udAyI bhaha" nAma se paricaya diyA gayA hai jisase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vastutaH udAyI bar3A zAnta, nizchala, saumya aura bahuta acchI prakRti kA rAjA thaa| aitihAsika mahattva ke 'mahAvaMzo" nAmaka laMkA meM nirmita graMtha meM udAyI ke anuruddha aura muMda nAmaka do putroM ke hone kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usa ullekha ke aAdhAra para katipaya vidvAnoM ne yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta kI hai ki udAsI ne athavA udAyI ke nirdeza se usake bar3e putra anuruddha ne laMkA para sainika abhiyAna kiyA evaM vahAM ke rAjA ko yuddha meM parAjita kara laMkA meM anuruddhapura nAmaka nagara basAyA aura usameM laMkA kI rAjadhAnI pratiSThApita kii| 'mahAvaMzo' ke AdhAra para katipaya vidvAnoM ne udAyI ke pazcAt usake jyeSTha putra anuruddha kA magadha sAmrAjya para 6 varSa kA aura usake pazcAt usake laghu sahodara muMda kA do varSa kA zAsanakAla mAnA hai| kintu ina tathyoM kI kisI bhI prAmANika abhilekha athavA graMtha Adi se na kevala puSTi hI nahIM hotI apitu prAcIna jaina graMthoM evaM paurANika granthoM meM udAyI ke pazcAt diye gaye nanda athavA nandivarddhana ke rAjya ke ullekhoM se 'mahAvaMzo' kI mAnyatA kA mUlataH nirAkaraNa hotA hai / mAja taka eka bhI aisA prAmANika grantha prakAza meM nahIM AyA hai, jisameM udAyI ke pazcAt aura nanda athavA nandivarddhana se pUrva magadha para anuruddha aura maMda ke zAsana kA ullekha ho / aisI dazA meM 'mahAvaMzo' ke prAdhAra para katipaya vidvAnoM dvArA abhivyakta kI gaI mAnyatA ko kAlpanika na sahI para vizvasanIya kabhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| loka saMkhyA 177-178 tathA : dvAvasvArimasamA mAgyo rAjA vaM nandivadanaH // 176 / / vAyupurANa, ma0 61]

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kevalikAla : zrAyaM jambU vastutaH nanda kauna thA ? AvazyakacUriNa, Avazyaka hAribhadrIyA vRtti, pariziSTaparva tathA aneka anya jaina granthoM meM magadhasamrATa udAyI ke pazcAt magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para prAsIna hone vAle nanda ko nApitadAsa, nApitaputra, evaM vaizyAputra batAyA gayA hai| isake viparIta vAyupurANa' aura zrImadbhAgavata purANa meM isa nanda kA nandivarddhana ke nAma se paricaya dete hue ise udAyI kA putra batA kara isakI garaNanA nArgadazakoM meM kI gaI hai| isa prakAra sanAtana paramparA ke ina donoM mAnya purANoM meM nandivarddhana ko zizunAgavaMzI aura udAyoM kA putra mAnA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke granthoM meM magadha ke vAhIka kulodbhava zizunAgavaMzI rAjAoM ke nAma kramazaH jitazatru, prasenajit zreNika ( bimbasAra), kUNika ( ajAtazatru) maura , " hatvA teSAM yazaH kRtsnaM, zizunAko bhaviSyati // 173 // | vArANasyAM sutastasya, saMprApsyati girivrajam / zizunAkasya varSANi catvArizadbhaviSyati // 174 / / zakavarNaH sutastasya SaTtriMzacca bhaviSyati / tatastu vizati rAMjA kSemavarmA bhaviSyati / / 175 / / prajAtazatrumavitA paMcavizatsamA nRpaH / catvAriMzatsamA rAjyaM kSatraujA prApsyate tataH // 176 // praSTAvizatsamA rAjA bibisAroM bhaviSyati / paMcavizatsamA rAjA darzakastu bhaviSyati / / 177 / / udAyI bhavitA tasmAttrayastrizatsamA nRpaH / dvAcatvAriMzatsamA bhAvyo rAjA vaM nandivarddhanaH / catvAriMzastrayaM caiva mahAnando bhaviSyati / / 176 / / ityete bhavitAro vaM zazunAkA nRpA daza / . zatAni trINi varSANi dviSaSTyamyadhikAni tu / / 160 / / zizunAgastato bhAgyaH, kAkavarNastu tatsutaH / kSemadharmA tasya sutaH, kSetrajJaH kSemadharmajaH ||5| viSisAraH sutastasyAjAtazatrurbhaviSyati / darzakastatsuto bhAvI darzakasyAjayaH smRtaH ||6| nandivarddhana prAjeyo, mahAnandiH sutastataH / zizunAgA darzavate paSTyuttara zatatrayam // 7 // samA bhokSyanti pRthivoM, kuruzreSTha kalau nRpAH / [ vAyupurANa, pra0 61] spaSTIkaraNa : rekhAMkita pada ke sthAna para nimnalikhita pada honA cAhiye kyoMki ina nAgadazakoM kA kula milA kara zAsanakAla 362 varSa nahIM apitu 332 varSa hI hotA hai:dvAtriMzadadhikAni tu // 275 - sampAdaka [ zrImadbhAgavata mahApurANa, skambha 12, 01 ]

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276 ... jana dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vastutaH nanda kauna thA ? udAyI diye hue haiM / ' inase pUrva ke isa vaMza ke rAjAoM ke nAma upalabdha jaina granthoM meM dRSTigocara nahIM hote / aisI dazA meM vAyupurANa, zrImadbhAgavatapurANa prAdi paurANika granthoM meM jo nAgadazakoM (zizunAgavaMzI daza rAjAoM) ke nAma diye gaye haiM, unameM prathama 3 rAjAoM, zizunAga, kAkavarga aura kSemadharmA ke nAma isa sUcI meM sarvopari sammilita karane aura isa sUcI ke anta meM nandivarddhana aura mahAnandi ke nAma zizunAgavaMziyoM meM sammilita karane para hI nAgadazaka rAjAoM kI sUcI pUrNa hotI hai| nAgadazakoM kI nAmapUtti ke liye sanAtana paramparA ke purANoM meM pariNata zizunAgavaMziyoM ke uparilikhita tIna pUrvajoM ke nAmoM ko grahaNa karane aura prAmAriNaka mAnane meM kisI ko kicitmAtra bhI hicakicAhaTa nahIM honI cAhiye kyoMki pUrvakAla meM ghaTita ghaTanAkrama ke saMkalana evaM prAlekhana kA nAma hI itihAsa hai| . itihAsa meM kisI deza, dharma, jAti athavA saMskRti kA vibheda nahIM hotA, vaha to vastutaH anAdikAla se anavaratarUpeNa ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA prakSayya, athAha evaM apAra sAgara hai, jisameM asaMkhya gaMgAnoM ke pUra ke samAna pratidina navInatama ghaTanAmoM ke pravAha pAkara sammilita evaM saMcita hote rahate haiN| usa sabakA saMkalana prAlekhana athavA parijJAna trikAladarzI sarvajJa ke atirikta aura kisI mAnava kI zakti kI paridhi meM nahIM paataa| usa athAha itihAsa sAgara ke gahana tala meM gote lagA lagAkara prAcInakAla se mahAn prAcArya maharSi aura paramArthI vidvAn apane-apane priya evaM abhISTa viSaya kA itihAsa khoja kara likhate pAye haiN| isa bAta ko hameM sadA dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki pAgamoM, purANoM evaM prAcIna granthoM ko una prAcAryoM, maharSiyoM, mahAtmAoM aura vidvAnoM ne likhA hai - jinhoMne samasta aihika prAkarSaNoM, lokeSaNAoM aura apanI karmendriyoM tathA bhAvendriyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI thii| unake samasta prAlekhana kA uddezya kevala "janahitAya" hI rhaa| kisI tathya kI smRti se skhalanA, pAramparika mAnyatAbheda, vismRti ' pratItAbAyAM kSitipratiSThitaM nagaraM, jitazatru rAjA, tasya nagarasya vastUnyutsanAni, manya nagarasthAnaM vAstupAThakagiyati, tairekaM caraNakakSetra atIva pRSpaH phalaMzcopapetaM dRSTvA SaraNakanagaraM nivezitaM..."tatra kuzAgrapuraM jAtaM, tasmiMzca kAle prasenajit rAjA tacca nagaraM punaH punaH agninA dahyate, tadA lokabhayajanananimittaM ghoSayati yasya gRhe'gniruttiSThati sa nagarAt niSkAzyate, tatra mahAnasikAnAM pramAdena rAjJa eva gRhAt agnirutthitaH, te satyapratijJA rAjAnaH nirgato nagarAt tasmAt gavyUtamAtre sthitaH, tadA daNDikabhaTabhojakA variNajAca tatra vajantaH bhaNanti kva japa ? prAha rAjagRhamiti, kuta prAyAca ? rAjagRhAt evaM nagaraM rAjagRhaM jAtaM yadA ca rAzo gRhe'gnirutthitastataH kumArA yayasya priyamazvo hastI vA tattena niSkAzita zreNikana DhakkA nItA / rAjA pRcchatti kena ki nItamiti ? bhanyo bhagati-mayA hastI, prazva evamAdiH ; zreNika: pRSTaH-sambhA, tadA rAmA bhaNati zreNikaM- eSa te mAro bhambheti? zreNiko masati-proma sa va rAmojyantapriyaH, tena tasya mAma kRtaM bhasmasAra iti [mAlAyaka hArimanIyA vRtti, patra 670-71 pAri

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vastutaH nanda kauna thA ? ] kevalikAla : AyaM jambU 277 athavA lipika ke doSa ke kAraNa nAmabheda, kAlabheda Adi una prAcIna granthoM meM mila sakate haiN| para isake liye kisI prakAra kI dUSita bhAvanA kA doSAropaNa una para nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ina saba vAstavikatAoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt purANoM meM udAyI ke uttarAdhikArI magadhapati nandivarddhana aura nandivarddhana kI mRtyu ke anantara magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha hone vAle mahAnandI ko jo vizuddha zizunAgavaMzI batAyA gayA hai, usa tathya ko kisI bhI dazA meM upekSA kI dRSTi se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA / aba prazna yahAM yaha upasthita hotA hai ki jaina paramparA ke granthoM meM udAyI ko praputra aura usake pazcAt magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThane vAle nanda ko nApita evaM vezyAputra kyoM batAyA gayA hai ? yadyapi, jaina granthoM meM isa prakAra kA koI Thosa pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai, jisakA Azraya lekara isa prazna kA sarvamAnya rUpa se samAdhAna kiyA jA sake- kintu vAyupurANAdi meM upalabdha etadviSayaka sAmagrI ke sandarbha meM isa prazna para vicAra karane aura anumAna pramAraNa kA sahArA lene para isa prazna kA hala DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai / zizunAga se lekara mahAnandI taka ke nAgadazakoM kA saMkSipta ullekha karane ke pazcAt bhAgavatakAra aura vAyupurANakAra ne likhA hai: : magadhapati mahAnandI kI zUdrA patnI ke garbha se nanda nAmaka eka bar3A balavAn putra hogA, jo mahApadma nAmaka nidhi kA svAmI hogA aura isI kAraNa vaha mahApadma nAma se bhI vikhyAta hogA / mahApadma samasta kSatriya rAjAnoM kA antakaregA / usa mahApadma ke samaya se hI rAjA loga prAyaH zUdra aura pradhArmika hoNge| vaha pRthvI kA ekacchatra zAsaka hogA / usakI AjJA kA koI ullaMghana nahIM kara sakegA / kSatrAntaka hone ke kAraNa vaha eka prakAra se dUsarA parazurAma hogA / usake sumAlya Adi ATha putra hoMge jo 100 varSa taka, pRthvI ke rAjya kA upabhoga kareMge / " vAyupurANa meM bhI paryAptarUpeNa isase milatA-julatA 6 nandoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : -- mahAnandisuto rAjan zUdrIgarbhodbhavo balI ||8|| mahApadmapatiH kazcinnandaH kSatravinAzakRt / tato nRpAH bhaviSyanti zUdraprAyAstvadhArmikAH || sa ekacchatrAM pRthivImanullaMghitazAsanaH / zAsiSyati mahApadma dvitIya iva bhArgavaH // 10 // tasya cASTo bhaviSyanti sumAlya pramukhAH sutA / ya imAM bhoSayanti mahIM, rAjAnaH sma zataM samAH // 11 // [ zrImadbhAgavata, skandha 12, adhyAya 1 ]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ vastutaH nanda kauna thA ? " mahAnandI kI zUdrA strI se utpanna huA kAlopeta ( kRtAntopama) mahApadma 'nAmaka putra samasta kSatriyoM ke anantara hogA / vaha ekarAT aura ekacchatra rAjA hogA / usake samaya se hI prAyaH sabhI rAjA zUdra hoNge| vaha samasta kSatriyoM se balapUrvaka kara graharaNa kara vipula dhana ekatrita karegA zraura 28 varSa taka pRthvI para zAsana kregaa| usake 8 putra hoMge jo mahApadma kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kramazaH rAjA hoMge aura ve kula milAkara 12 varSa taka rAjya kareMge / " 278 isa prakAra zrImadbhAgavatapurANa zraura. vAyupurANa ke anusAra nandivarddhana aura mahAnandI jinheM jaina paramparA ke granthoM meM prathama nanda aura dvitIya nanda batAyA gayA hai, vizuddha nAgavaMzIya rAjA the tathA mahApadma nanda se zUdra 6 nanda rAjAnoM kA rAjyakAla prArambha hotA hai / dhArmika pratidva MdvitA ke kAraNa purAtana kAla meM hue dhArmika saMgharSo duokAloM, videzI prAkramaNAM prAdi ke kAraNa prAcIna aitihAsika sAmagrI ke katipaya aMzoM meM naSTa ho jAne kI dazA meM yaha saMbhava mAnA jA sakatA hai ki sAhitya kA nava-nirvANa karate samaya jaina vidvAnoM ne zUdrA strI ke garbha se utpanna mahApadma nanda ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko nandivarddhana ke jIvanavRtta ke sAtha jor3akara use hI prathama nanda samajha liyA ho| isa prakAra kI truTi honA asaMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki prastuta grantha ke prathama bhAga meM yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chaThe evaM sAtaveM gaNadhara prArya maMDita aura mauryaputra ko katipaya khyAtanAmA prAcAryoM ne sahodara batAkara unakI samAna nAma vAlI mAtAoM ko eka hI mahilA mAna liyA aura apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM yahAM taka likha diyA ki maMDita ke pitA dhanadeva kI mRtyu ke pazcAt maMDita kI mAtA vijayA ne maurya nAmaka eka brAhmaraNa navayuvaka se vidhavA-vivAha kara liyA aura maurya se vijayA ne mauryaputra ko janma diyaa| jaba ki vastusthiti yaha hai ki AgamoM meM aura svayaM una prAcAryoM dvArA racita granthoM meM mauryaputra ko maMDita se prAyu meM 13 varSa jyeSTha batAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kI aura bhI aneka bhUleM huI haiM / antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke prakaraNa meM prAge batAyA jAyagA ki kisa prakAra ekAdazAMgI ke aMzadhara, " mahAnandisutazcApi zUdrAyAM kAlasaMvRtaH / utpatsyate mahApadma: sarvakSatrAntare nRpaH / / 185 / / tataH prabhRti rAjAno bhaviSyAH zUdrayonayaH / ekarAT sa mahApadma ekacchatro bhaviSyati / / 186 / / praSTAviMzativarSAriNa pRthivIM pAlayiSyati / sarvakSatrAhRtoddhRtya bhAvino'rthasya vai balAt / / 187 / / sahasrAstatsutA hyaSTI samA dvAdaza te nRpAH / mahApadmasya paryAye bhaviSyanti nRpAH kramAt / / 188 / / [ vAyupurANa, pra0 61] zloka 188 ke prathama pAda meM sahasrA ke sthAna para sAhasA honA cAhiye / sampAdaka -

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vastuta: nanda kauna thA ?] kevalikAla : prArya jambU - 276. naimittika bhadrabAha aura aMtima zratakevalI dhatUrdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAha ko eka hI bhadrabAhu mAnane kI bhUla pichalI aneka sadiyoM se Aja taka calI A rahI hai / ThIka usI prakAra aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vatsapati udayana kA aputrAvasthA meM mRtyu huI aura kAlAntara meM udAyI aura udayana nAmoM meM yatkicit samAnatA hone ke kAraNa udAyo ke liye yaha mAnyatA logoM ke mana meM ghara kara gaI ki usakI mRtyu saMtativihIna dazA meM huI / isake pariNAmasvarUpa zUdra strI ke garbha se utpanna hue mahApadmananda ko ghaTanA ko udAyI ke uttarAdhikArI nandivarddhana ke sAtha jor3akara use hI prathama nanda mAnA jAne lgaa| __ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki udAyI kA uttarAdhikArI udAyI ke pazcAt magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna hone vAlA nandivarddhana zizunAgavaMzIya hI thA na ki nApitaputra athavA vezyAputra / nandivarddhana ke vizuddha zizunAgavaMzIya hone kA eka prabala pramANa yaha hai ki vatsapati udayana kI putrI kA vivAha nandivarddhana ke sAtha sampanna hayA thaa| pravantI kA pradyota rAjavaMza jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, vIra nirvANa saMvat ke prArambha hote hI prathama dina meM ujjayinI ke adhIzvara caNDapradyota ke putra pAlaka kA avantI (mAlava) rAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka hpraa| usa samaya mahatvAkAMkSI magadhapati kUNika apane rAjyavistAra meM juTA huaA thaa| kUNika dvArA vaizAlI ke zaktizAlI gaNatantra ko bhUluNThita kara dene ke pazcAt magava kI gaNanA eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya ke rUpa meM kI jAne lagI thI / magadhapati ke pracaNDa pratApa ke kAraNa caNDapradyota ke zAsanakAla meM ajita avantI rAjya kI zakti aura pratiSThA bhI zanaiH zanaiH kSINa hone lagI thii| pAlaka ke rAjyAroharaNa ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt usake choTe bhAI gopAla ne prArya sudharmA ke upadeza se virakta ho unake pAsa zramaraNa dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| pAlaka ke do putra the, bar3A avantIvardhana aura choTA rASTravardhana / pAlaka ne ujjayinI meM rahate hue avantI rAjya para 20 varSa taka zAsana kiyaa| pAlaka ke zAsanakAla meM pravantI rAjya meM koI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya ghaTanA ghaTita huI ho, aisA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vIra nirvANa saM0 20 meM prArya sudharmAsvAmI ke nirvANagamana se kucha samaya pUrva pAlaka ne apane bar3e putra pravantIvardhana ko ujjayinI kA rAjya aura choTe putra rASTravardhana ko yuvarAja pada dekara Arya sudharmA svAmI ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kii| pradyota rAjavaMza kI ina tIna pIr3hiyoM ke ghaTanAkrama kA eka bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahatva hai / vaha yaha hai ki jisa dina bhaNDapradyota kA janma humA usa hI dina bauddhadharma ke pravartaka bha0 buddha kA janma humA thaa| jisa dina buddha ko

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280 jana dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [avaMtI kA pradyota rA. bodhilAbha huA, usI dina caNDapradyota ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThA aura jisa dina caubIsaveM tIrthakara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA, usa hI dina caNDapradyota kA dehAvasAna huA / ' . jisa dina pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaA usa hI dina gautamasvAmI ko kevalajJAna kI upalabdhi huI aura Arya sudharmAsvAmI zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara bane / vIra nirvANa saMvat 20 meM prArya sudharmA svAmI ne paramapada nirvANa prApta kiyA, usI varSa meM avantI ke adhIzvara pAlaka ne apane bar3e putra ko rAjya aura choTe putra rASTravardhana ko yuvarAja pada de Arya sudharmA ke pAsa zramaraNadIkSA grahaNa kI aura pAlaka kA bar3A putra avantIvardhana avantI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para prArUDha huaa| - yUvarAja rASTravardhana rAjyasaMcAlana meM apane bar3e bhAI anantIvardhana ko sahAyatA karane lagA / eka dina avantIvardhana ne apane choTe bhAI rASTravardhana kI pratirUpavatI patnI dhAriNI ko udyAna meM krIDA karate hue dekhaa| udyAna meM kisI puruSa kI upasthiti kI use AzaMkA nahIM thI, isaliye vaha nissaMkocabhAva se krIr3A meM nirata thI / pravantovardhana apanI bhrAtRjAyA ke aMgapratyaMgoM ke sauSThavapUrNa gaThana aura anupama saundarya ko pracchanna rUpa se dekha kara usa para mugdha ho gyaa| usane kAmAsakta ho apanI vizvasta dAsI ko dhAriNI ke pAsa bheja kara apanI Antarika abhilASA se use avagata kraayaa| dhAriNI ne avantIvardhana ke pApapUrNa prastAva ko ThukarAte hue kruddha ho kahA- 'usa kAmuka se kahanA ki kyA tumheM apane bhAI se bhI lajjA kA anubhava nahIM hotaa|" rAjA pravantIvardhana ne kAmAndha ho SaDyantra kara apane choTe bhAI rASTravardhana kI rahasyamaya hatyA karavA dii| apane pati kI mRtyu se dukhita ho dhAriNI ne apane satItva kI rakSA hetu ujjayinI kA parityAga karanA hI zreyaskara samajhA / rAtri ke andhakAra meM apane pogaNDa-putra avantIsena ko sote chor3akara dhAriNI apane aura apane mRta pati ke mUlyavAna prAbharaNa lekara ujjayinI ke rAjaprAsAdoM se nikalI aura pracchannarUpa se kisI sArtha ke sAtha kauzAmbI kI ora cala pdd'ii| kauzAmbI pahuMcane para dhAriNI kauzAmbI ke rAjA kI yAnazAlA meM ThaharI huI sAdhviyoM kI sevA meM upasthita huI aura usane unake pAsa pravrajyA svIkAra kara lI / isa Dara se ki kahIM sAdhviyAM use pravajita hI na kareM, dhAriNI ne unake samakSa yaha bAta prakaTa nahIM kI ki vaha garbhiNI hai| thor3e hI samaya ke pazcAt mahattarikA (guruNI) ne usake garbha kI bAta jJAta hone para dhAriNI se usake garbha ke sambandha meM puuchaa| 1 dekhiye jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga, pR0 545 se 553 -sampAdaka ito ya ujjeNIye pajjotasutA doNi pAlo gopAlamo ya, gopAlapro pabvaito pAlago rajje Thito, tassa do puttA pAlako prativaddhaNaM rAjANaM rajjavaddharaNaM juvarAyAraNaM ThavettA pamvaito . [prAva0 cUNi, bhA0 2 pR0 186] (sa) to rAja-yuvarAjI ca, kRtvAbhUtpAlako vtii| [prAvazyaka kathA]

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avaMtI kA prayota rAjavaMza kevalikAla : mAyaM jambU 281 dhAriNI ne apanA paricaya dete hae apane sAtha ghaTita haI sArI ghaTanAeM apanI guruNI ke samakSa nivedita kara diiN| garbhakAla pUrNa hone para rAtri ke samaya dhAriNI ne ekAnta sthAna meM putra ko janma diyaa| usake putra ke sambandha meM lokoM meM nirarthaka carcA na cala par3e, isa abhiprAya se dhAriNI ne apanI nAmAMkita mudrikA, pAbharaNa paura apane pati ke prAbharaNoM kI gaTharI pracchanna sthAna se khoda kara nikAlI aura usake sAtha usa bAlaka ko kauzAmbI ke rAjaprAsAda ke prAMgaNa meM le jA kara rakha diyaa| usakA putra kisI ucita sthAna para pahuMcatA hai athavA nahIM, yaha dekhane ke liye dhAriNI eka andhakAra-pUrNa sthAna meM baiTha gii| use vahAM baiThe kucha hI kSaNa vyatIta hue hoMge ki navajAta zizu cillaayaa| zizu kA rudana suna kara kauzAmbI nareza ajitasena prAsAda se nIce pAyA aura maNiratnAbharaNoM kI gaTharI sahita usa bAlaka ko uThA kara apane prAsAda meM le gyaa| prajitasena ne navajAta zizu ko rAjamahiSI ke aMka meM sulAte hue kahA- "devi! deva ne hameM isa rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI diyA hai|" rAjadampati nissaMtAna thA ataH putra ke samAna ho usa zizu kA rAjakIya aizvarya aura lADa-pyAra ke sAtha lAlana-pAlana hone lgaa| pravantIsena ne usa zizu ko apanA putra ghoSita karate hue usakA nAma maNiprabha rkhaa| mana hI mana apane putra ke bhAgya kI sarAhanA karatI haI sAdhvI dhAriNI apanI guruNI ke pAsa lauTa gaI aura unase nivedana kara diyA ki mRta bAlaka kA janma hanA thA ataH vaha use ekAnta meM chor3a pAI hai| putra ke prati apane uttaradAyitva se unmukta ho dhAriNI niraticAra sAdhvo dharma kA pAlana karane lgii| udhara ujjayinIpati pravantIvardhana anutApa kI agni meM jalane lgaa| apane niraparAdha bhAI kI hatyA karavAne kA aura dhAriNI ke na milane kA zoka use mahaniza saMtapta karane lgaa| usane apane usa jaghanya aparAdha ke prAyazcittasvarUpa apane bhAI rASTravarSana aura devI dhAriNI ke putra pravantIsena ko ujjayinI kA pradhIzvara banA kara lagabhaga vIra nirvANa saMvat 24 meM Arya jambUsvAmI ke pAsa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa krlii| dhAriNI yadA-kadA kauzAmbI jAne para rAjaprAsAda meM jAtI rahatI thii| kauzAmbIrAja ke antaHpura kI sabhI striyAM sAdhvI dhAriNI ke prati bar3I zraddhA rakhane lagIM aura bAlaka maNiprabha bhI usake prati bar3A sneha rakhane lgaa| kramazaH maNiprabha yuvA humA mora bhajitasena kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vaha kauzAmbI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para pAsIna humaa| kauzAmbI-mRpa zatAnIka aura pravantIpati caNDapradyota ke samaya se ina donoM rAjavaMzoM meM dera-viroSa calA pA rahA thA / kisI eka kAraNa ko le kara avantIsena ne apanI bar3I zaktizAlI senA ke sAtha kauzAmbI para mAkramaNa kara diyaa|

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282 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [avaMtI kA pradyota rA0 __avantIsena dvArA kauzAmbI para AkramaNa karane se kucha samaya pUrva vijayavatI nAma kI mahattarA kI ziSyA vigatabhayA ne anazana kiyA thaa| kauzAmbI ke zraddhAlu zrAvaka-zrAvikA saMgha ne usa avasara para sAdhvI ke tyAga kI mahimA karate hue bar3e mahotsava ke sAtha usakA aneka prakAra se sammAna kiyaa| isa ghaTanA ke thor3e hI dinoM pazcAt dharmaghoSa aura dharmayaza nAmaka do sAdhunoM ne apanA antima samaya samIpa samajha kara anazana karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| dharmaghoSa muni ke mana meM logoM dvArA sammAna aura pratiSThA pAne kI utkaNThA jAgRta huI aura yaha soca kara ki jisa prakAra vigatabhayA sAdhvI kI pratiSThA huI thI usI prakAra kI usakI bhI hogI, unhoMne kauzAmbI nagarI meM anazana kiyaa| dharmayaza muni ko mAna-sammAna kI kisI prakAra kI cAha nahIM thI ataH unhoMne avantI aura kauzAmbI ke madhyamArga meM sthita patsakA nadI ke taTavartI parvata kI guphA ke ekAnta sthAna meM pranazana karane kA nizcaya kara usa ora vihAra kiyaa| jina dinoM dharmaghoSa mUni kauzAmbI meM anazana kara rahe the, unhIM dinoM avantIsena ne kauzAmbI para AkramaNa kara diyaa| zatru ke bhaya se loga apane gharoM se bAhara nikalate hue bhI hicakate the prataH anazana dhAraNa kiye hue dharmaghoSa muni ke pAsa koI vyakti nahIM gayA aura unakA prANAnta ho gyaa| nagara ke cAroM ora avantIrAja kI senA kA gherA par3A thA ataH nagara ke parakoTe ke dvAra ko kholanA khatare se khAlI nahIM thaa| yaha soca kara logoM ne dharmaghoSa muni ke zava ko parakoTe kI dIvAra para se zahara ke bAhara pheMka diyaa| donoM ora se yuddha kI pUrI taiyAriyAM ho cukI thii| usa samaya sAdhvI dhAriNI ne bhISaNa narasaMhAra ko bacAne ke liye apane nigUr3ha rahasya kA udghATana karanA Avazyaka smjhaa| dhAriNI rAjabhavana meM maNiprabha ke pAsa phuNcii| sAdhvI ko dekhate hI maNiprabha ne atyanta prasanna mudrA meM pragAr3ha bhakti ke sAtha unheM vandana kiyA / sAdhvI ne kahA - "apane sahodara ke sAtha tumhArA yaha yuddha kaisA?" ___ maNiprabha ne pAzcarya prakaTa karate hue pUchA- "pUjye ! yaha pApa kyA kaha rahI haiM ? yaha zatru merA sahodara kisa prakAra ho sakatA hai ?" isa para sAdhvI dhAriNI ne prAdi se anta taka samasta vRttAnta sunAte hue batAyA ki usane use janma dete hI kisa prakAra, kisa sthAna para, kina-kina prAbharaNoM evaM pahicAna ke cinhoM ke sAtha rakhA aura kisa prakAra kauzAmbI ke adhipati mahArAja ajitasena use prAMgaNa se uThA kara apane antaHpura meM le gye| ___ kauzAmbI kI rAjamAtA ne apane samakSa ghaTita huI una saba bAtoM kI puSTi kI, jo sAdhvI dhAriNI ne batAI thiiN| nAmAMkita mudrikAmoM, rASTravardhana tathA dhAriNI ke prAbharaNoM para aMkita nAma evaM rAjacinhoM Adi tathA maNiprabha

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avaMtI kA pradyota rAjavaMza] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 283 evaM sAdhvI dhAriNI kI nAsikA, lalATa evaM locanoM kI sAbhyatA se saba ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki dhAriNI maNiprabha kI mAtA hai aura maNiprabha usakA putra / __sahasA maNiprabha ke harSa gadgad kaNTha se haThAt udbhUta hue saMsAra ke samasta sneha aura mamatA ke prAgara - "mAM ! merI mo!" ina madhura svaroM ne sabhI upasthita nAriyoM ke hRdayoM ko pighalA kara pAnI-pAnI kara diyA aura vaha pAnI bane hRdaya prAMsuoM kI jhar3iyAM bana kara prati prabala pravAha ke sAtha pravAhita ho utthe| kucha kSaraNoM taka sabhI kI antarAtmAeM usa athAha avasAgara meM snAna karatI huI eka anirvacanIya prAhlAda kA anubhava karatI rhiiN| maNiprabha ne nIravatA ko bhaMga karate hue kucha duvidhA bhare svara meM kahA"pUjye ! merA roma-roma isI samaya jyeSThArya ke caraNoM para luMThita hone hetu utkaNThita ho rahA hai para jaba taka ve isa tathya se avagata ho mujhe apane hRdaya se lagAne ke liye udyata na hoM taba taka merI ora se kiyA gayA ikataraphA maitrI prastAva kAyaratA kA pratIka aura kauzAmbI ke rAjavaMza ke liye apayaza kA janaka bana sakatA hai|" ."maiM abhI avantIsena ke pAsa jAkara use vastusthiti se.paricita kiye detI huuN|" yaha kaha kara sAdhvI dhAriNI rAjaprAsAda se prasthita ho avantI ke sainyazivira para pahuMcIM / pratihAra se sAdhvI ke prAgamana kA samAcAra sunate hI apanI aMgaparicArikAmoM sahita pravantIsena ne apane zibirakakSa ke dvAra para upasthita ho sAdhvI ko bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha vandana kiyaa| kucha vRddhA paricArikAmoM ne dhAriNI ke caraNa para sphuTa prAkRtika cihna ko dekhate hI use tatkAla pahicAna liyaa| eka paricArikA ne visphArita netroM se pravantIsena kI pora dekhate hue pAzcarya evaM utsukatAmizrita svara meM kahA - "mahArAja ! ye to hamArI svAminI aura ujjayinI ke mahApratApI-cirAyu rAjarAjezvara kI mAtezvarI haiN|" mAtA kI mamatAmayI goda se ciravaMcita putra kI, apanI jananI ko pahacAnate hI kyA dazA huI hogI, yaha kalpanA kI pahuMca ke pare hai| bar3e-bar3e bhUpatiyoM ke bhAloM ko bhUluNThita karane vAle pravantIpati pravantIsena kA mAtRcaraNoM meM jhukatA humA bhAla sahasA bhUmi se chU gyaa| zizu ke samAna subakiyAM bharate hue pravantIsena ne kahA- "mAM! tuma itane varSoM taka apane lAr3ale se dUra kyoM rahI ?" sAdhvI dhAriNI ne pravantIsema ko prAzvasta karate hue saMkSepa meM samasta ghaTanAcakra kA vivaraNa sunAne ke pazcAt kahA-"pravantIsena ! prasava ke tatkAla ' patIto bhaNati pani bhosarAmi tApama banaso, bhakati saMvi bahehi, [bhAvAyakapariNA, uttaramAga, pR. 5.]

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284. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [avaMtI kA pradyota rA. pazcAt hI maiMne tumhAre jisa. laghu sahodara kA parityAga kara diyA thA, vahI to prAja kA kauzAmbIpati maNiprabha hai / eka prAraNa-do zarIra-sahodaroM meM paraspara yaha yuddha kaisA?' vAstavikatA se avagata hote hI pravantIsena ne snehavihvala svara meM kahA"pUjanIye ! maiM ajJAnatAvaza apane dakSiNa hasta se svayaM ke vAma hasta ko kATane jaisI mUrkhatA kara rahA thaa| Apane hameM upakRta kiyA hai / kSaNa bhara pahale talavAra kA prahAra karane ke liye udyata mere bAha yUgala aba mere laghu bAndhava ko dulAra bhare pragADha prAliMgana meM prAbaddha karane ke liye lAlAyita ho rahe haiN| kahAM hai merA vaha prANapriya sahodara?" tatpazcAt donoM bhAiyoM kA pahalI bAra milana huaa| caraNoM para jhukate hue apane choTe bhAI ko pravantIsena ne bhujapAza meM prAbaddha kara bar3I dera taka apane hRdaya se cipakAye rakhA / do rAjavaMzoM ke pIr3hiyoM ke vaira ko donoM narezoM ne apane premAzrunoM ke pravAha meM bahA diyA / kSaraNa bhara meM hI yaha samAcAra donoM senAmoM ke yoddhAnoM aura kauzAmbI ke ghara-ghara meM vidyut ke saMcAra kI taraha prasRta ho gyaa| yoddhAoM ke hAthoM kI camacamAtI huI talavAreM myAnoM meM rakha dI gaIM, zataghniyoM ke kAnoM meM kaiMciyAM DAlI jAkara unake mukha nIce kI ora jhukA diye gaye aura raNabherI seMdhava Adi raNavAdyoM ke ghorArava ke sthAna para mRdaMga, mazaka, jhAMjha, bINA, zahanAI prAdi kI kararNapriya svaralahariyoM kI gaMja se samasta vAtAvaraNa mRdula, mohaka aura mAdaka bana gyaa| kSaraNa bhara pahale prajJAnavaza jo senAeM ekadUsare ke khUna se holI khelane ko udyata thIM, ve aba ajJAna kA paradA haTate hI paraspara eka dUsare ko prabIra-gulAla ke raMga se zarAbora karane lgiiN| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA diye gaye vizvakalyANakArI ahiMsA ke divya saMdeza ko jana-jana taka pahuMcAne vAlI sajaga sAdhvI dhAriNI ne usa samaya kI mAnavatA ko . eka bhISaNa narasaMhAra se bacA liyA / bar3e prAnandollAsa aura sammAna ke sAtha avantIsena kA kauzAmbI meM nagara praveza karavAyA gyaa| thor3I hI dera pahale jo kauzAmbI ke nAgarika mAtatAI ke rUpa meM pAye hae pravantIsena se prAtaMkita the ve aba use apanA priya atithi samajhakara usa para mAnandavibhora ho puSpoM kI varSA karane lge| apane choTe bhAI ke Agraha para avantIsena ko eka mAsa taka kauzAmbI meM rukanA pdd'aa| donoM bhAiyoM ne saha-astitva kI bhAvanAoM kA samAdara karate hue donoM rAjyoM kI prajA kI sukha-samRddhi meM abhivRddhi karane vAlI aneka nItiyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyaa| avantIsena ne kauzAmbI rAjya kI janatA ke hita ke liye aneka lokopayogI kAryoM ko sampanna karane hetu apAra dhanarAzi dii| eka mAsa taka kauzAmbI meM aneka prakAra ke maMgalamaya mahotsava manAye gye| antatogatvA eka mAsa pazcAt pravantIsena ne ujjayinI kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| usane pApahapUrvaka apane choTe bhAI maNiprabha ko bhI sAtha liyaa| donoM

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avaMtI kA pradyota rAjavaMza] kevalikAla : prArya jambU 285 bhAiyoM kI prArthanA para sAdhvI dhAriNI ne bhI apanI mahattarA aura anya sAdhviyoM ke sAtha ujjayinI kI ora vihAra kiyaa| sthAna-sthAna para par3Ava DAlate hue avantIsena aura maNiprabha kauzAmbI tathA ujjayinI ke bIca meM vatsakA nadI ke taTa para phuNce| usa samaya taka dharmayaza muni yathAzakya vihArakrama se vahAM pahuMca cuke the aura unhoMne vatsakA nadI ke pAsa ke eka pahAr3a kI guphA meM anazana prArambha kara diyA thaa| usa nirjana ekAnta sthAna meM anazana prArambha karane para bhI logoM se yaha bAta chupI na raha sakI aura anazana meM sthita dharmayaza muni ke darzana karane ke liye dUra-dUra se zraddhAlu nara-nArI bar3I saMkhyA meM Ane lge| bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM nara-nAriyoM ke samUhoM ko anavarata rUpa se pahAr3a para car3hate-utarate dekhakara una donoM rAjAoM ne caroM se vahAM logoM ke AvAgamana kA kAraNa puuchaa| dharmayaza muni dvArA anazana kiye jAne ke samAcAra sunakara donoM bhAiyoM ne vatsakA nadI ke taTa para donoM senAoM kA par3Ava ddaalaa| dhAriNI Adi sAdhviyAM, avantIsena, maNiprabhra aura una donoM rAjAoM kI senAoM ne pahAr3a para car3hakara guphA meM sthita anazana kiye hue muni ke darzana kiye / hajAroM kaNThoM ne jayaghoSa kara muni ke apUrva tyAga, vairAgya aura anazana kI mahimA kA gAna kiyaa| muni ke anazana ke anta taka sAdhvI dhAriNI kI usI sthAna para Thaharane kI icchA jAnakara una donoM bhAiyoM ne bhI apanI senAoM ke sAtha usa hI sthAna para rahane kA nizcaya kiyaa| muni dharmayaza ke anazana kI yazogAthAeM digdiganta meM dUra-dUra taka gAI jAne lgii| dina bhara usa parvata para anazanastha muni ke darzanArtha pAne vAle yAtriyoM kA prAvAgamana banA rahatA / anta meM muni ne lambe anazana ke pazcAt dehatyAga kiyaa| apUrva zraddhA aura sammAna ke sAtha dharmayazamuni ke pArthiva zarIra kA rAjakIya Rddhi ke sAtha antima saMskAra kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra kiMcitmAtra bhI yaza kI kAmanA na karane vAle dharmayaza muni kA yaza cAroM ora chA gyaa|' tadanantara avantIsena aura maNiprabha ne ujjayinI kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| mahattarikA ne bhI dhAriNI prAdi sAdhviyoM ke sAtha ujjayinI kI bhora vihAra kiyaa| kauzAmbIpati maNiprabha kA bar3e mahotsava ke sAtha pravantIsena ne ujjayinI meM praveza krvaayaa| maNiprabha ke sammAna meM rAjya aura ujjayinI kI prajA donoM hI aora se mAnandollAsa ke sAtha aneka utsavoM ke prAyojana kiye gye| katipaya dinoM taka apane agraja ke sAtha ujjayinI meM rahane ke pazcAt maNiprabha apane rAjya kI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI meM lauTa paayaa| '...tAmo bhaNaMti-bhattapaccaksAtamo eraca tA pamhe macchAmo, tAhe te dovi rAyANo ThitA dive divaM mahimaM kareMti, kAlagatA evaM te gayA rAyANo, evaM tassa pariNacchamANassavi jAtA, itarassa icchamANassa na jAtA puujaa| [mAvazyaka pUNi, uttara mAga, pR0 191]

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286 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [avaMtI kA pradyota rA0 ujjayinI aura kauzAmbI rAjyoM kA dIrghakAla taka bar3A snehapUrNa sambandha rhaa| pArasparika sahayoga, vyApAra tathA kalA-kauzala evaM vidyA ke AdAnapradAna ke kAraNa donoM rAjyoM ke koSa aura prajA kI sukha samRddhi meM una dinoM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi huii| kahA jAtA hai ki vatsakA nadI ke taTavartI parvata para Arya sudharmA ke zramaNasaMgha ke muni dharmayaza ke anazanapUrvaka paNDitamaraNa kI smRti ko cirasthAyI banAne ke liye ujjayinI ke rAjA pravantIsena aura kauzAmbI ke rAjA mariNaprabha ne eka stUpa kA nirmANa karavAyA thA jo prAja sAMcI ke stUpa ke rUpa meM vikhyAta. hai|' isa sambandha meM samIcIna rUpa se zodha karane aura Thosa pramANa ekatrita karane kI prAvazyakatA hai| kauzAmbI (vatsarAjya) kA paurava rAjavaMza kevalikAla ke prathama caraNa meM kauzAmbI para paurava rAjavaMza kA zAsana rahA para dvitIya caraNa meM jaisA ki ujjayinI ke pradyota rAjavaMza ke vivaraNa meM batAyA jA cukA hai - kauzAmbI ke rAjA ajitasena ne nisantAna hone ke kAraNa avantI ke rASTrabarddhana ke navajAta putra ko apane putra kI taraha pAlA aura usakA nAma maNiprabha rkhaa| ajitasena kI mRtyu ke pazcAt kauzAmbI ke rAjya siMhAsana para maNiprabha baiThA jo ki vaNDa pradyota kA prapautra thaa| isa prakAra kauzAmbI para paurava rAjavaMza ke sthAna para pradyota rAjavaMza kA adhikAra ho gyaa| kauzAmbI pati maNiprabha ke rAjyakAla kI katipaya ghaTanAmoM kA pradyota rAjavaMza ke paricaya meM ullekha kara diyA gayA hai| una ghaTanAmoM ke atirikta kevalikAla meM kauzAmbI ke rAjavaMza se sambandhita koI aitihAsika mahattva kI ghaTanAmoM ke ghaTita hone kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kaliMga kA cedirAjavaMza kevalikAla meM vIra ni0 saM0 17 taka cedi rAjavaMza ke rAjA sulocana kA rAjya rhaa| himavanta sthivirAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 18 meM sulocana ke maputrIvasthA meM nidhana para vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke adhIzvara mahArAja ceTaka ke putra zobhanarAya ko kaliMga ke siMhAsana para abhiSikta kiyA gyaa| himavanta sthivirAvalI meM yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vaizAlI ke adhipati ceTaka ne kUriNaka ke sAtha yuddha meM apanI parAjaya ke pazcAt anazana dvArA svargArohaNa kiyaa| unake putroM meM se zobhanarAya nAma kA eka putra apane zvasura kaliMgapati sulocana ke pAsa kanakapura calA gayA / kaliMgapati sulocana ke koI putra ' jaina paramparA no itihAsa, bhA0 1, (tripuTI mahArAja) [pR0 74, 76]

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kaliMga kA cedi rAjavaMza kevalikAla : mArya jambU 287 nahIM thA ataH unhoMne antima samaya meM apane jAmAtA zobhanarAya ko kaliMga rAjya kA adhipati banAkara paraloka gamana kiyaa| zobhanarAya jaina dharma meM pragAr3ha zraddhA rakhane vAlA pramukha zramaNopAsaka thaa|' - kevalikAla meM kevala kaliMga ke rAjavaMza kA hI nahIM apitu bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI anya rAjavaMzoM kA teja zizunAgavaMza ke bar3hate hue pratApa ke samakSa eka prakAra se nisteja tulya hI rhaa| maha vesAlI gayarAhiyo ceDano Nivo siri mahAvIra titthayarassukiTTho samaNovAsamo mAsI / se raNaM riNaya bhAiNijjeNaM caMpAhiveNaM kuriNageNaM saMgAme ahiriNakkhitto praNasaraNaM kiccA saggaM ptto| tassego sohaNarAyanAmadhijjo putto tamo uccalimro riNaya sasurassa kaliMgAhivassa suLoyaNa NAmadhijassa saraNaM gamo / suloyaNo vi Nipputto taM sohaNarAyaM kaliMga rajje ThAittAM paralogrAtihi jaano| teNaM kAleNaM teNaM samaeeNaM vIrAmo praDDhArasa vAsesu viikkatesu se sohaNarAmro kaliMga visae kaNagapurammi abhisitto| se viya raNaM jiNadhammaramo tasya titthabhUpa kumaragirimmi kayajatto ukkiTTho samaraNovAsago hotthA / [himavaMta sthavirAvalI, aprakAzita]

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zrutakevalI-kAla (vIra nirvANa saMvat 64 se 170) zrutakevalI-kAla ke prAcArya : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 64 se 75 prAcArya sayyaMbhavasvAmI prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 75 se 68 prAcArya yazobhadrasvAmI prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 18 se 148 prAcArya saMbhUtavijayasvAmI prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 148 se 156 prAcArya bhadrabAhusvAmI prAcAryakAla - vI. ni, saM. 156 se 170

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zrutavalI-kAla vIra niM0 saM0 64 meM kevalikAla kI samApti ke sAtha hI zrutakevalikAla prArambha huA / zrutakevalI kA matalaba hai samasta zrutazAstra arthAt dvAdazAMgI kA kevalI ke samAna pAragAmI jJAtA evaM vyAkhyAtA / zrAgama meM zrutakevalI ko jIva, ajIva prAdi samasta tatvoM ke vyAkhyAna meM kevalI ke samAna hI samartha batAyA gayA hai | zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke anusAra zrutakevalikAla vIra ni0 saM0 64 se vIra ni0 saM0 170 taka rahA aura zrutakevalikAla kI usa 106 varSa avadhi meM nimnalikhita 5 zrutakevalI hue : 1. prabhavasvAmI 2. sayyaMbhavasvAmI 3. yazobhadrasvAmI 4. saMbhUtavijaya - aura 5. bhadrabAhusvAmI digambara mAnyatA :- digambara paramparA ke adhikAMza granthoM evaM prAyaH sabhI paTTAvaliyoM meM vIra ni0 saM0 62 se vIra ni0 saM0 162 taka kula milA kara 100 varSa kA zrutakevalikAla mAnA gayA hai| digambara paramparA dvArA sammata 5 zrutakevaliyoM ke nAma evaM unakA prAcAryakAla isa prakAra hai : 1. viSNunandi aparanAma nandi 2. nandimitra 3. aparAjita 4. govardhana 5. bhadrabAha prathama 11 11 vI0 ni0 saM0 62 se 76 vI0 ni0 saM0 76 se 62 dI0 ni0 saM0 vI0 ni0 saM0 vI0 ni0 saM0 2 se 114 114 se 133 133 se 162

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3. prAcArya prabhavasvAmI jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke tRtIya paTTadhara prAcArya prabhavasvAmI hue.| Apa 30 varSa gRhastha-paryAya meM, 64 varSa sAmAnya vrataparyAya meM aura 11 varSa taka yugapradhAna-prAcArya ke rUpa meM raha kara zAsana sevA karate rhe| ApakI kula vrataparyAya 75 varSa aura pUrNa prAya 105 varSa thii| AcArya prabhavasvAmI vIra nirvANa saMvat 75 meM svarga pdhaare|' ApakA jIvana paricaya saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai :- prabhavakumAra vindhyAcala kI talahaTI meM sthita jayapura nAmaka rAjya ke kAtyAyana gotrIya kSatriya mahArAjA vindya ke jyeSTha putra the / rAjakumAra prabhava kA janma IsA pUrva 557meM vindya pradeza ke jayapura nagara meM huA / ina ke laghu bhAI kA nAma suprabha thaa| donoM kA lAlana-pAlana rAjakula ke anurUpa bar3e dulAra aura pyAra ke sAtha hmaa| rAjakumAra prabhava ko zikSA-yogya vaya meM rAjyAdhikArI rAjakumAroM ke anurUpa zikSA-dIkSA dI gaI / ve bar3e sAhasI aura tejasvI rAjakumAra the| jisa samaya rAjakumAra prabhava kizorAvasthA pAra kara 16 varSa ke hue usa samaya unake pitA jayapura nareza vindya kisI kAraNavaza unase aprasanna ho gaye / unhoMne kruddha ho rAjakumAra prabhava ko rAjya ke adhikAra se vaMcita kara diyA aura apane kaniSTha putra suprabha ko apane rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI yuvarAja ghoSita kara diyaa| DAkU saradAra pramava apane nyAyocita pataka adhikAra se vaMcita kara diye jAne ke kAraNa rAjakumAra prabhava ko bar3A mAnasika AghAta pahuMcA aura ve pitA se ruSTa ho gharadvAra choDa kara vindya parvata ke vikaTa aura bhayAnaka jaMgaloM meM rahane lge| vindyATavI meM rahane vAle luTeroM ne sAhasI evaM yuvA rAjakumAra prabhava ke sAtha saMparka sthApita kiyaa| lUTa ke abhiyAnoM meM rAjakumAra prabhava una luTeroM ke sAtha rahane lge| prabhava ke parAkrama aura sAhasa ko dekha kara DAkuoM ke giroha ne unheM apanA saradAra banA liyaa| aba DAkU-saradAra prabhava apane 500 DAkuoM ke zaktizAlI dala ke sAtha dina-dahAr3e bar3e-bar3e kasboM aura grAmoM ko Aye dina lUTane lage / DAkU-saradAra prabhava ko DakaitI ke abhiyAnoM meM jyoM-jyoM saphalatAeM prApta hotI gaI tyoM-tyoM usakI mahatvAkAMkSAeM bhI bar3hatI gaI / apanI mahatvA gurupaTTAvalI, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI Adi aneka granthoM meM gaNanA kI bhUla ke kAraNa prabhavasvAmI kI sAmAnya vanaparyAya 44 varSa likha dI hai jaba ki vaha 64 varSa hotI hai / gaNanA kI isa truTi ke kAraNa prArya prabhava kI kula prAyu bhI una sthaloM para 85 varSa ho likhI hai / vastutaH prA0 prabhava kI kula prAyu 105 varSa ho TIka baiThatI hai ! - saMpAdaka

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DAkU saradAra prabhava ] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 263 hi kI pUrti ke liye usane tAlodghATinI vidyA- ( majabUta se majabUta tAloM ko anAyAsa hI khola DAlane kI vidyA) aura " avasvApinI vidyA " - ( logoM ko pragAr3ha nidrA meM sulA dene vAlI vidyA) - ina do vidyAoM kI bhI prayatnapUrvaka sAdhanA kara lii| apane zaktizAlI DAkUdala aura uparokta donoM vidyAnoM ke bala para DAkU saradAra prabhava bar3e se bar3e zaharoM meM rahane vAle dhanADhyoM ke gharoM meM nizaMka ho praveza karatA aura binA lahU kI eka bUMda bahAye hI apAra sampatti lUTane meM saphala ho jAtA / cAroM prora DAkU saradAra prabhava kA bhayaMkara prAtaMka chA gayA / prabhava dvArA zreSThI RSabhasta ke ghara DAkA eka dina DAkU saradAra prabhava ko usake caroM ne sUcanA dI ki rAjagRha nagara meM kubera ke samAna aparimita sampatti ke svAmI RSabhadatta zreSThI ke putra jambUkumAra kA pATha bar3e-bar3e sampattizAlI zreSThiyoM kI 8 kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha huA hai aura vivAha ke avasara para jambUkumAra ko anya aparimita daheja ke sAtha-sAtha kaI karor3a svarNamudrAeM bhI prApta huI haiM / caroM ke muMha se jambUkumAra ko daheja meM milane vAlI sampatti ra zreSThI RSabhadatta ke ghara meM vidyamAna vipula sampatti kA vyaurA suna kara DAkunoM ne apane saradAra prabhavakumAra se kahA- "svAmin! isa avasara kA lAbha uThAne para eka hI vAra meM itanI sampatti mila jAyagI ki usase hama saba logoM kI aneka pIr3hiyAM sukhapUrvaka jIvanayApana kara skeNgii|" prabhava ne ise svariNama avasara samajha kara apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha zastrAstroM se sajadhaja kara rAjagRha kI ora prayANa kara diyaa| rAtri ke samaya tAlodghATinI vidyA ke prayoga se mukhya dvAra khola kara prabhava ne apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha jambUsvAmI ke gRha meM praveza kiyA / usane avasvApinI vidyA ke prayoga se vivAhotsava para ekatrita hue sabhI strI-puruSoM evaM ghara ke samasta logoM ko pragADha nidrA meM sulA diyA / tAlodghATinI vidyA ke prabhAva 'jambUkumAra ke suvizAla bhavya bhavana ke sabhI kakSoM ke tAle tatkSaraNa khula gaye / prabhava evaM usake sAthiyoM ne dekhA ki sabhI kakSa anamola evaM apAra sampatti se bhare par3e haiM / coroM kA staMbhana prabhava ke 500 sAthiyoM ne avasvApinI vidyA ke prabhAva se pragAr3ha nidrA meM soye hue jambUsvAmI ke atithiyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM se ratnajaTita anamola AbhUSaNa utAranA aura vibhinna kakSoM se bahumUlya sampatti ekatrita karanA prArambha kiyA / jambUsvAmI para avasvApinI vidyA kA kiMcit mAtra bhI prabhAva nahIM huA thA / jaba unhoMne dekhA ki atithiyoM ke aMgapratyaMga para se coroM dvArA AbhUSaNa

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264 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [coroM kA staMbhana utAre jA rahe haiM; to unhoMne ghanarava gambhIra svara meM kahA - "taskaro ! tuma loga ina atithiyoM ke prAbhUSaNa kyoM utAra rahe ho?" jambUsvAmI ke mukha se uparokta vAkya ke nikalate hI prabhava ke sabhI 500 sAthI citralikhita kI taraha, jahAM jisa mudrA meM the, vahAM usI rUpa meM staMbhita ho gye| apane 500 sAthiyoM ko citralikhita se nizcala mudrA meM khar3e dekha kara prabhava ko bar3A Azcarya humA / usane apane una sAthiyoM meM se kaI kA nAma le le kara unheM pukArA, unake kaMdhe pakar3a-pakar3a kara jhakajhorA para saba vyartha / ve saba jyoM ke tyoM khar3e ke khar3e hI raha gaye / prabhava ne isakA kAraNa jAnane ke liye eka ke bAda eka, sAre kakSoM ko dekha DAlA para sarvatra nistabdhatA aura nidrA kA sAmrAjya thaa| jaba vaha jambUkumAra ke zayanakakSa kI ora bar3hA to usane vahAM tArikAoM se ghire hue zaradapUriMNamA ke prakAzapuMja pUrNacandra ke samAna apanI pATha navavadhunoM ke sAtha sukhAsana para virAjamAna jambUkumAra ko dekhA / prabhava ne jambUkumAra ko pragAr3ha nidrA meM sulA dene hetu apanI avasvApinI vidyA kA prayoga kiyA kintu use yaha dekha kara Azcarya huA ki usakI kabhI nahIM cUkane vAlI usa vidyA kA jambUkumAra para koI prabhAva nahIM ho rahA hai / prabhava kA jambU se nivedana prabhava ne hAtha jor3a kara jambUkumAra se kahA :- "bhAgyavAn ! mujhe nizcaya ho gayA hai ki Apa koI mahApuruSa haiM / Apane kadAcit sunA hogA, maiM jayapura nareza vindyarAja kA bar3A putra prabhava huuN| Apake prati mere hRdaya meM maitrI ke bhAva prabala vega se umar3a rahe haiN| maiM Apake sAtha maitrI-sambandha cAhatA huuN| kRpA kara Apa mujhe apanI "staMbhinI" para mocanI" vidyAeM sikhA diijiye| maiM Apako sAlodghATinI aura avasvApinI nAmaka do vidyAeM sikhAye detA huuN|" isa para jambakUmAra ne kahA- "suno prabhava ! vastusthiti yaha hai ki maiM apane samasta kuTumbI janoM aura aparimita vaibhava kA parityAga kara kala hI prAtaHkAla pravrajyA grahaNa karane jA rahA haiN| vaise maiMne bhAva se sabhI prakAra ke prArambha-samArambhoM kA parityAga kara diyA hai / meM paMcaparameSThi kA dhyAna karatA hUM prataH mujha para kisI vidyA kA athavA devatA kA prabhAva nahIM ho sakatA / mujhe ina pApAnamandhI vidyAoM se koI prayojana nahIM hai| kyoMki ye saba ghorAtighora duHkhapUrNa. durgatiyoM meM bhaTakAne vAlI haiM / na mere pAsa koI staMbhinI vidyA hai aura na vimocanI hii| maiMne to prArya sudharmA svAmI se bhavavimocanI vidyA grahaNa kara rakhI hai|" 'bayarareNa teraNa teraNA te, samve bhiyA tamo bhavaraNe / pittanihiyana jAyA, prahavA pAhANaghar3iyantra / / 217 / / [jambU-caritra, ratnaprabhasUriracita]

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prabhAkA jaMbU se nivedana] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 265 . jambUkumAra kI bAta suna kara prabhava prAzcaryamagna ho visphArita netroM se unakI mora dekhatA hI raha gayA / vaha socane lagA-kaisA prazrutapUrva mahAn pAzcarya hai ? yauvana kI madhyAhnavelA meM bala, vaibhava aura saundarya kI atula rAzi ko pAkara bhI devakanyAmoM jaisI pATha-pATha ramaNiyoM ke bIca nilipta rahane vAlA yaha kauna zUraziromariNa hai ? ina saba kA isa mahApuruSa ne tRNavat parityAga kara diyaa| yaha to koI alaukika anupama jJAnI, adbhuta virAgI puruSa hai| vastutaH yaha vandanIya aura pUjanIya hai / sahasA prabhava kA sAMjali zIza jambUkumAra ke samakSa muka gyaa| jammU aura prabhava kA saMvAda prabhava asIma prAtmIyatA se otaprota svara meM kahane lagA - "jambUkumAra! mApa svayaM vijJa haiN| phira bhI meM eka bAta Apase nivedana karatA haM / saMsAra meM ramA aura rAmA- ye do amRtaphala haiM, jo deva ko bhI sahasA durlabha haiM para saubhAgya se mAphko ye donoM pramataphala praapt.haiN| prApa inakA yatheccha, jI bhara kara upabhoga kIjiye / bhaviSya ke garbha meM chupe bar3e se bar3e sukha kI prAzA meM, upalabdha sukha ke parityAga kI paNDitajana prazaMsA nahIM karate / abhI to aApakI vaya saMsAra ke indriyajanya sukhoM ke upabhoga karane kI hai| merI samajha meM nahIM pAtA ki isa asamaya meM bhoga-mArga se mukha mor3a kara Apane apane mana meM pravajita hone kI bAta kyoM soca rakhI hai? jina logoM ne mAnandaprada sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM kA jI bhara rasAsvAdana kara liyA ho aura jinakI avasthA paripakva ho cukI ho, aise vyakti yadi dharma kA prAcaraNa kareM, to usa sthiti meM tyAga kA aucitya samajha meM prA sakatA hai|" isa para jambUkumAra ne kahA - "prabhava ! tuma jinheM sukha samajhate ho ve tathAkathita viSayasukha madhubindu ke samAna ati tuccha, nagaNya aura kSaNika haiN| inakA pariNAma atyanta duHkhadAyI hai|" prabhava ne pUchA - "bandhuvara ! vaha madhubindu kyA hai ?" isa para jambUkumAra ne prabhava ko madhubindu kA pAkhyAna sunAyA, jo isa prakAra hai : madhubindu kA dRSTAntadhanopArjana kI abhilASA se eka sArthavAha anekoM anya arthAthiyoM ko sAtha liye dezAntara kI yAtrA ko claa| usake sAtha eka buddhihIna nirdhana vyakti bhI thA / dUrastha pradeza kI yAtrA karatA huprA vaha sArtha eka jaMgala meM pahuMcA / vahAM eka makumoM ke dala ne sArtha para AkramaNa kara use lUTanA cAhA / vaha garIba vyakti bhaya ke mAre vahAM se kisI na kisI prakAra apane prANa bacA kara bhAga nikalA / para thor3I hI dUra calane para usane dekhA ki eka bhayAnaka jaMgalI hAthI usakA pIchA kara rahA hai| apane prANoM kI rakSA hetu usane idhara-udhara dekhA ki

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296 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [madhubiMdu kA dRSTAMta kahIM koI surakSita sthAna mila jAya / usakI dRSTi pAsa hI ke eka vaTa vRkSa para pdd'ii| usane vaTa vRkSa ke prarohoM ko pakar3ane ke liye kUpa ke pAsa pahuMca kara chalAMga mArI pora vaTa vRkSa ke prarohoM ko pakar3a liyaa| kucha samaya ke liye apane Apako surakSita samajha kara usane bar3a kI zAkhA para laTake-laTake hI kue ke andara kI pora dRSTi daur3AI, to usane dekhA ki kueM ke bIcoMbIca eka bahuta bar3A bhayakara prajAra apanA muMha phailAye, jihvA lapalapAte hue usakI ora satRSNa, netroM se dekha rahA hai aura usase prAkAra-prakAra meM choTe cAra anya sarpa kueM ke cAroM konoM meM baiThe hue usako prora muMha khole dekha rahe haiN| bhaya ke kAraNa usakA sArA zarIra kAMga uThA / aba usane Upara kI prora prAMkha uThAI to dekhA ki do cUha. jinameM se eka kAle raMga kA aura dUsarA zveta raMga kA hai, jisa. zAkhA ke sahAre vaha laTaka rahA hai, usI ko bar3I tejI se kATa rahe haiN| yaha saba kucha dekhakara use pakkA vizvAsa ho gayA ki usake prANa nizcita rUpa se pUrNa saMkaTa meM haiM aura aba usake bacAva kA koI upAya nahIM hai / idhara usa vyakti ke padacinhoM kI Toha letA huA vaha jaMgalI hAthI bhI kueM ke pAsa pahuMcA aura usa vRkSa ko jora-jora se hilAne lgaa| vRkSa para madhumakkhiyoM kA eka bahuta bar3A chattA thaa| vRkSa ke hilane se madhumakkhiyAM ur3a-ur3akara usa AdamI ke romaroma meM DaMka lagAne lagI, jisake kAraNa usake zarIra meM prasahya pIr3A aura jalana hone lgii| aba to sAkSAt mRtyu usakI AMkhoM ke samakSa nAcane lgii| mRtyu ke bhaya se vaha sihara utthaa| . sahasA madhumakkhiyo ke chatte meM se eka zahada kI bUnda Tapaka kara usake muha meM girii| usa ghora duHkhadAyI aura saMkaTapUrNa sthiti meM bhI madhu kI eka bindu ke madhura rasAsvAda para mugdha ho vaha apane Apako sukhI samajhane lgaa| Thoka usI samaya AkAzamArga se gamana karatA huA eka vidyAdhara usa ora se niklaa| usane kueM meM laTakate hue aura saba ora saMkaToM se ghire usa vyakti kI dayanIya sthiti para dayA kara usase kahA - "pro mAnava ! tuma merA hAtha pakar3a lo| maiM tumheM isa kueM meM se nikAlakara aura saba saMkaToM se bacAkara sukhada evaM surakSita sthAna para pahuMcA duugaa|" zAkhA para laTake evaM saMkaToM meM phaMse hue usa vyakti ne uttara meM vidyAdhara se kahA - "tuma thor3I dera pratIkSA kro| dekho vaha madhubindu mere muMha meM Tapakane vAlI hai|" usa dayAlu vidyAdhara ne aneka bAra usa vyakti ko apanA hAtha pakar3ane aura kueM se bAhara nikalane ke liye kahA kintu hara bAra usa vyakti ne ghora duHkho meM phase hote hae bhI yahI uttara diyA - "thor3I dera aura pratIkSA karo, maiM eka aura madhubindu kA Ananda le laM / "

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madhubiMdu kA dRSTAMta] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 267 paryApta pratIkSA karane ke pazcAta usa vidyAdhara ne dekhA ki ghora duHkhoM se pIDita hote hara aura mRtyu ke maha meM phaMsA hokara bhI yaha abhAgA madhu-bindu ke lobha ko nahIM chor3a rahA hai, to vaha use vahAM chor3akara apane sundara evaM sukhada AvAsa kI ora calA gayA aura vaha duHkhI vyakti aneka prakAra kI asahya yAtanAmoM ko bhogatA humA aMtatogatvA kAla kA kavala bana gyaa| jambUkumAra ne kahA- "prabhava ! isa dRSTAnta meM varNita arthArthI vaNika - saMsArI jIva, bhayAnaka vana- saMsAra, hAthI-mRtyU, kumA- devamAnavabhava, vaNijasaMsAra kI tRSNA, ajagara-naraka aura tiryaMca gati, cAra bhISaNa sarpa - durgatiyoM meM le jAne vAle krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rUpI cAra kapAya, vaTa vRkSa kI zAkhApratyeka gati kI Ayu, kAle aura zveta raMga ke do cUhe - kRSNa aura zukla pakSa, jo rAtri aura dina rUpI apane dAMtoM se AyukAla kI zAkhA ko nirantara kATa rahe haiN| vRkSa-karmabandha ke heturUpa avirati aura mithyAtva, madhuvindu-pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSaya sukha aura madhumakkhiyAM-zarIra meM utpanna hone vAlI aneka vyAdhiyAM haiN| vidyAdhara haiM sadguru jo ki bhavakUpa meM par3e hue duHkhI prANiyoM kA uddhAra karanA cAhate haiN|" .. prabhava se jambUkumAra ne prazna kiyA - "prabhava ! ava tuma batAo ki jina paristhitiyoM meM vaha vyakti kueM ke andara laTaka rahA thA, use kitanA sukha thA aura kitanA duHkha ?" prabhava ne kSaraNabhara ke liye vicAra kara kahA - "lambI pratIkSA ke pazcAt jo zahada kI eka bUnda usake mukha meM giratI thI, basa yahI eka thor3A-sA use sukha thA, zeSa saba duHkha hI duHkha the|" jambUkumAra ne kahA - "prabhava ! yahI sthiti saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke sukha aura duHkha para ghaTita hotI hai| aneka prakAra ke bhaya se ghire hae usa vyakti ko vastuta: nAmamAtra kA bhI sukha kahAM? aisI dazA meM madhubindu ke rasAsvAda meM sukha kI kalpanAmAtra kahI jA sakatI hai, vastutaH sukha nhiiN|" jambakumAra ne prabhava se punaH prazna kiyA-- "prabhava ! isa prakAra kI dayanIya aura saMkaTapUrNa sthiti meM koI vyakti phaMsA hA ho aura use koI paropakArI puruSa kahe - "yo duHkhI mAnava ! le merA hAtha pakar3a le, maiM tujhe isa ghora kaSTapUrNa sthAna se bAhara nikAlatA huuN|" to vaha duHkhI vyakti usa paropakArI mahApuruSa kA hAtha pakar3akara bAhara nikalanA cAhegA yA nahIM ?" prabhava ne uttara diyA - "duHkhoM se avazya vacanA caahegaa|" jambUkumAra ne kahA - "kadAcit madhubindu ke svAda ke moha meM phaMsa kara koI mUr3hatAvaza kaha de ki pahale mujhe madhu se tRpta hone dIjiye phira bAhara nikAla lenA, to vaha duHkhoM se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakatA, kyoMki usakI isa prakAra kabhI tRpti hone vAlI nahIM hai / jisa zAkhA ke sahAre vaha laTaka rahA hai, usa zAkhA ke kAle aura zveta mUzakoM dvArA, kaTate hI vaha bhayaMkara ajagara ke muMha meM pdd'egaa|

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268 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga prabhava ! isa prakAra ko vastusthiti ko samajha jAne ke pazcAt se nikalane ke kArya meM kiMcitamAtra bhI pramAda nahIM karUMgA / " [sabiMdu kA dRSTAMta isa bhavakUpa meM prabhava ne jambUkumAra dvArA rakhI gaI vastusthiti kI tathyatA ko svIkAra karate hue prazna kiyA - "Apane jo kahA vaha to saba ThIka hai kintu Apake samakSa aisI kaunasI duHkhapUrNa sthiti upasthita ho gaI hai, jisake kAraNa Apa asamaya meM hI apane una saba svajanoM ko chor3akara jA rahe haiM, jo Apako prAraNoM se bhI adhika cAhate haiM ?" maiM saMsAra kA bar3A duHkha jambUkumAra ne uttara diyA "prabhava ! garbhavAsa kA duHkha kyA koI sAdhAraNa duHkha hai ?" jo vijJa vyakti garbha ke duHkhoM ko jAnatA hai, usako saMsAra se virakta hone ke liye vahI eka kAraNa paryApta hai, nirveda prApti ke liye use isake atirikta anyAnya kAraNoM kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI / " yaha kaha kara jambUkumAra ne prabhava ko garbhavAsa ke duHkha ke sambandha meM lalitAMga kA dRSTAnta sunAyA, jo isa prakAra hai : * lalitAMga kA dRSTAnta " kisI samaya vasantapura nagara meM zatAyudha nAmaka eka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / zatAyudha kI eka rAnI kA nAma lalitA thaa| rAnI lalitA ne eka dina eka atyanta sundara taruNa ko dekhA aura usake prathama darzana meM hI vaha usa para prAraNapaNa se vimugdha ho, usake saMsarga ke liye chaTapaTAne lgii| rAnI ne apanI eka vizvasta dAsI ko bheja kara usa yuvaka ke sambandha meM pUrI jAnakArI prApta kI aura jaba use yaha jJAta huA ki vaha yuvaka usI vasantapura nagara ke nivAsI samudrapriya nAmaka sArthavAha kA putra hai, to usane eka premapatra likhakara apanI dAsI ke dvArA usa yuvaka ke pAsa pahu~cAyA / chala-chadma meM nipuNa usa dAsI ne yena-kena prakAreNa yuvaka ko rAnI ke bhavana meM lAkara rAnI se usakA sAkSAtkAra karavA diyaa| rAnI aura lalitAMga vahAM nizzaMka ho viSayopabhoga meM nirata rahane lge| eka dina rAjA ko apanI rAnI aura yuvaka lalitAMga ke anucita sambandha ke bAre meM sUcanA milI, to sahasA rAnI ke mahala meM vastusthiti kA patA lagAne ke liye chAnabIna prArambha karA dI gaI / catura dAsI ko tatkAla hI isakI sUcanA mila gaI aura usane apane tathA apanI svAminI ke prANoM kI rakSA ke nimitta lalitAMga ko zramedhyakUpa. ( gandA pAnI DAlane kA kuprA) meM Dhakela diyA / nitAnta apavitra evaM durgandhapUrNa usa kue meM apane Apako banda pAkara lalitAMga apanI durbuddhi aura ajJAnatA para praharniza pazcAttApa karate hue vicAra karane lagA - he prabho ! aba agara eka bAra kisI na kisI taraha isa prazuci sthAna se bAhara nikala jAUM, to ina bhayaMkara dukhada pariNAma vAle kAma-bhogoM kA sadA ke liye parityAga kara dUMgA / "

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. lalitAMga kA dRSTAMta] 'zrutaketalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 269 lalitAMga para dayA kara ke vaha dAsI prati dina pracura mAtrA meM usa kueM meM jUThana DAlatI aura sArthavAhaputra lalitAMga usa jUThana evaM durgandhapUrNa gande pAnI se apanI bhUkha aura pyAsa zAnta krtaa| . antatogatvA varSA Rtu prAI aura varSA ke kAraNa vaha kuyAM pAnI se bhara gyaa| saphAI kA kArya karane vAle karmacAriyoM ne gande nAle se jur3I huI usa kueM kI morI ko kholaa| morI ke kholate hI pAnI ke teja bahAva ke sAtha lalitAMga gaMde nAle meM bahakara dUra, nAle ke eka kinAre jA pdd'aa| lalitAMga eka lambe samaya taka gaMde aura baMda kueM meM raha cukA thA ataH bAhara kI havA lagate hI vaha mUcchita ho gyaa| usako gande nAle ke eka chora para mUcchitAvasthA meM par3e dekha kara bahuta se nAgarika vahAM ekatrita ho gye| lalitAMga kI dhAya bhI mUcchita yuvaka kI bAta suna kara vahAM pahuMcI aura bahuta samaya se khoye hue apane lalitAMga ko pahicAna kara use sArthavAha ke ghara le AI / dIrghakAlIna upacAroM ke pazcAt lalitAMga bar3I kaThinAI se svastha hmaa|" lalitAMga ke uparyukta dRSTAnta kA upasaMhAra karate hue jambUkumAra ne kahA"prabhava ! isa dRSTAnta meM variNata lalitAMga ke samAna saMsArI jIva haiM, rAnI ke darzana ke samAna manuSyajanma hai| dAsI kA upameya icchA, antaHpurapraveza-viSayaprApti, durgandhapUrNa kUpa meM praveza-garbhavAsa kA dyotaka, ucchiSTabhojana-mAtA dvArA khA kara pacAye hue anna tathA jala ke srAva ke AhAra kA, kUpa se vAhara nikalanAprasavakAla kA aura dhAtrI dvArA paricaryA-deha kI puSTi karane vAle karmavipAka kI prApti kA pratIka hai|" ____ jambUkumAra ne prabhava se prazna kiyA- "kaho prabhava ! yadi vaha rAnI lalitAMga ko punaH apane yahA~ Ane kA nimantraNa de, to kyA vaha usake nimantraNa ko svIkAra karegA?" prabhava ne dRr3hatApUrNa svara meM uttara diyA- "nahIM, kabhI nhiiN| itanA ghora nArakIya kaSTa uThA cukane ke pazcAt vaha kabhI usa ora muMha bhI nahIM kregaa|" jambUkumAra ne kahA - "prabhava ! vaha kadAcit ajJAna ke vazIbhUta ho, viSayabhogoM ke prati pragAr3hAsakti ke kAraNa punaH rAnI ke nimantraNa para jA sakatA hai kintu maiMne bandha aura mokSa ke svarUpa ko samIcIna rUpa se samajha liyA hai ataH maiM to kisI bhI dazA meM janma-maraNa kI mUla aura bhavabhramaNa meM phaMsAne vAlI rAgadveSa ko paramparA ko svIkAra nahIM kruuNgaa|" isa para prabhava ne kahA - "saumya ! Apane jo kucha kahA hai, vaha yathArtha hai kintu merA eka nivedana hai, vaha suniye / lokadharma kA nirvahana karate hue pati ko apanI patniyoM kA lAlana-pAlana evaM paritoSa karanA caahiye| yaha pratyeka pati kA naitika dAyitva hai / tadanusAra ina navavadhuoM ke sAtha kucha varSoM taka sAMsArika sukhopabhoga karane ke pazcAt hI ApakA pravajita honA vastutaH zobhAspada rhegaa|" !

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/ 300 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga aThAraha prakAra ke nAte jambUkumAra ne sahaja zAnta svara meM kahA - "prabhava ! saMsAra meM yaha koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai ki jo isa bhava meM patnI athavA mAtA hai, vaha bhAgAmI bhava meM bhI patnI athavA mAtA hI hogii| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jo isa bhava meM mAtA hai, vaha bhavAntara meM bahina, patnI athavA putrI bhI ho sakatI hai| isake atirikta isa prakAra kA viparyAsa bhI hotA hai ki pati putra ke rUpa meM utpanna ho sakatA hai, pitA bhAI ke rUpa meM athavA anya kisI bhI rUpa meM utpanna ho sakatA hai / apane kRtakamoM ke anusAra jIva janmAntaroM meM strI, puruSa athavA napuMsaka rUpa meM utpanna hotA rahatA hai| aisI dazA meM eka samaya jo mAtA, bahina athavA putrI thI, usake sAtha patnI jaisA vyavahAra karate hue kisa prakAra lAlana-pAlana paripoSaNa kiyA jA sakatA haiM ?" prabhava ne kahA - "mahAbhAga ! bhavAntaroM ke sambandha to vastutaH vijJeya hI haiM, isI kAragaNa vartamAna kI sthiti ko dRSTigata rakhate hue pitA, putra, pati, patnI Adi ke sambandha samajhe aura kahe jAte haiN|" jambUkumAra ne uttara meM kahA - "yaha saba ajJAna kA doSa hai| ajJAna ke kAraNa hI mAnava akArya meM kAryabuddhi se pravRtta hotA hai athavA kAryAkArya ko samajhate hue bhI bhogalolupatA evaM dhana-sampatti ke sukha se vimohita ho prakaraNIya duSkArya meM pravRtta tathA saMlagna hotA rahatA hai|" jambUkumAra ne apanI bAta ko prArambha rakhate hue kahA - "prabhava ! bhavAntara kI bAta ko chodd'o| eka hI bhava meM kisa taraha 18 prakAra ke sambandha ho jAte haiM aura ajJAnavaza kitanI anarthapUrNa ghaTanAeM ghaTita ho jAtI haiM, isakA vRttAnta maiM tumheM sunAtA huuN| kuberakta evaM kubaravattA kA prAkhyAna ___ "kiso samaya gathurA nagara meM kuberasenA nAmakI eka riNakA rahatI thii| jaba vaha pahalI bAra garbhavatI huI to usake peTa meM bar3I pIr3A rahane lgii| jaba use vaidya ko batAyA gayA, to usa anubhavI vaidya ne kahA - "isake garbha meM do bacce haiM, isI kAraNa ise adhika pIr3A ho rahI hai| vastutaH ise anya koI roga nahIM hai|" kuberasenA kI mAtA ne apanI putrI ko bahuta samajhAyA ki vaha garbhasrAva kI koI acchI auSadhi lekara usa pIr3A se chuTakArA pA le kintu kuberasenA ne garbhapAta karAne kI apanI mAtA kI bAta ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| samaya para kuberasenA ne eka putra aura eka putrI ke yugala ko eka sAtha janma diyA / kuberasenA ne apane putra kA nAma kuberadatta aura putrI kA nAma kuveradattA rakhA / eka dina kuberasenA kI mAtA ne usase kahA - "baccoM kI vidyamAnatA meM tumhArA yaha gaNikA-vyavasAya pUrNataH Thappa ho jAyagA ataH tumheM ina baccoM kA kisI nirjana sthAna meM parityAga kara denA caahiye|"

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kuberadatta ku0 kA prA0 [0] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 301 mAtA dvArA bAra-bAra bala diye jAne para kuberasenA ne kuberadatta aura kuberadattA ke nAga kI aMgUThiyAM banavAI aura jaba ve donoM zizu gyAraha dina ke hue taba kuberasenA ne unake nAma kI aMgUThiyAM sUtra meM pirokara unake gale meM bAMdha dIM aura unheM bahumUlya ratnoM kI do gaThariyoM ke sAtha do choTI nAvoM ke kAra ke lakar3I ke sandUkoM meM rakha diyaa| rAtri ke samaya kuberasenA ne apane una donoM baccoM sahita una donoM sandUkoM ko yamunA nadI ke pravAha meM bahA diyA / nadI ke pravAha meM tairatI huI ve donoM sandUkeM sUryodaya ke samaya zoripura nAmaka nagara ke pAsa phuNciiN| vahAM yamunAsnAna karane hetu Aye hue do zreSThiputroM jaba nadI meM sandUkoM ko Ate dekhA to tatkAla unhoMne donoM sandUkoM ko nadI se bAhara nikAla liyaa| unameM do zizuoM ko nAmAMkita mudrikAoM evaM ratnoM kI poTaliyoM ke sAtha dekha kara unako bar3I prasannatA huI / paraspara vicAravinimaya ke pazcAt eka zreSThiputra bAlaka ko aura dUsarA bAlikA ko apane ghara le gayA / una donoM zreSThiputroM evaM unakI patniyoM ne una zizutroM ko apanI hI saMtAna ke samAna rakhA aura bar3e dulAra evaM pyAra se pAlana-poSaNa karate hue kramazaH zikSaraNa dekara unheM yogya banAyA / jisa samaya kuberadatta aura kuberadattA ne yuvAvasthA meM padArpaNa kiyA, usa samaya samAna vaibhava vAle una zreSThiyoM ne unheM eka dUsare ke anurUpa aura yogya samajha kara bar3e samAroha ke sAtha una donoM kA paraspara pANigraharaNa karavA diyA / " vivAha ke dUsare dina dyUtakrIr3A kI laukika rIti kA nirvahana karate samaya kuberadattA kI saheliyoM ne kuberadatta kI aMgUThI utAra kara kuberadattA kI aMgulI meM aura kuberadattA kI aMgUThI kuberadatta kI aMgulI meM pahanA dii| kuberadattA ne apanI aMgUThI ke sAtha usakI sAmyatA dekha kara bar3e dhyAna se use dekhA / yaha dekha kara use kutUhala ke sAtha hI sAtha bar3A Azcarya huA ki donoM aMgUThiyoM kI banAvaTa aura una para aMkita akSaroM meM kiMcitamAtra bhI antara nahIM hai / vaha socane lagI ki ina donoM aMgUThiyoM kI isa prakAra kI samAnatA ke pIche koI na koI kAraNa avazya honA cAhiye / usane smRti para bala dete hue mana hI mana kahA - "hamAre pUrvajoM meM isa nAma kA koI pUrvaja huA ho, yaha bAta bhI prAja taka kisI ke muMha se nahIM sunI / isake sAtha hI sAtha mere antarmana meM isa kuberadatta ke prati usa prakAra kI bhAvanA svalpamAtra bhI utpanna nahIM ho rahI hai, jisa prakAra kI ki eka patnI ke mana meM apane pati ke prati utpanna honI cAhiye / ' usake mana meM dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki isa saba ke pIche avazya hI koI na koI gUr3ha rahasya honA caahiye| yaha vicAra kara kuberadattA ne apanI aMgulI meM se " tato navIna yauvanikAnikAmarAmaNIyakaraM jitahRdayAbhyAM tAbhyAmibhyAbhyAM sumahazarUparekhAvizeSo vizeSaphalavAnastviti kRtastayoreva pariNayaH / [ jambU caritra, ( ratnaprabhasUriracita ) upadezamAlA doghaTTIvRtti ]

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302 jaina dharma kA maulika itiha: - dvitIya bhAga [ kuberadatta kuS kA zrA0 aMgUThI nikAla kara kuberadatta kI usI aMgulI meM pahanA dI jisameM ki usakI svayaM kI nAmAMkita aMgaThI vidyamAna thI / donoM aMgUThiyoM meM pUrNa sAmya dekha kara kuberadatta ke mana meM bhI usI prakAra ke vicAra utpanna hue aura use bhI vizvAsa ho gayA ki nizcita rUpa se usa samAnatA ke pIche koI rahasya chupA huA hai / kuberadatta ne kuberadattA ko usakI aMgUThI lauTA dI aura apanI aMgUThI lekara vaha apanI mAtA ( dharmamAtA) ke pAsa pahuMcA / kuberadatta ne apanI mAtA ko zapatha dilAte hue kahA - "merI acchI mAM ! mujhe sApha-sApha aura satya bAta batA do ki maiM kauna hUM, yaha aMgUThI mere pAsa kahAM se bhAI ? kuberadattA ke pAsa bhI aisI hI aMgUThI hai jisa para aMkita akSara merI aMgUThI para aMkita akSaroM se pUrNa rUperaNa milate-julate haiM / " zreSThapatnI ne zrAdi se lekara anta taka kI sArI ghaTanA kuberadana ko sunA dI ki vastutaH vaha usakA aMgaja nahIM hai / usake pati ne use yamunA ke pravAha meM bahatI huI eka choTI sI sandUka meM ratnoM se bharI eka poTalI aura usa aMgUThI ke sAtha pAyA thA / zreSThipatnI se pUrI ghaTanA sunane ke pazcAt kuberadatta ko pakkA vizvAsa ho gayA ki kuberadattA vastutaH usakI sahoparA hai| usane pazcAttApa aura upAlambhabhare svara meM kahA - "mAM tumane jAnate -bUjhate bhAI kA bahina ke sAtha vivAha karA kara aisA anucita aura nindanIya kArya kyoM kiyA ?" zreSThipatnI ne bhI pazcAttApabhare svara meM kahA - "putra ! hamane jAnate hue bhI mohavaza yaha anartha kara DAlA hai / para tuma zok ta kro| vadhU ko kevala pANigrahaNa kA hI doSa lagA hai / koI mahApApa nahIM huA hai / jo honA thA so ho gyaa| aba maiM putrI kuberadattA ko usake ghara bheja detI huuN| tuma kucha dinoM ke liye dUsare nagaroM meM ghUma AAmro / vahAM se tumhAre lauTate hI meM kisI dUsarI kanyA se tumhArA vivAha kara dUMgI / ' " tadanantara kuberadatta kI mAtA ne kuberadattA ko usake ghara pahuMcA diyA aura kuberadatta bhI apane sAtha paryApta sampatti evaM pAtheya le kara kisI anya nagara ke liye prasthita huA | kuberadattA ne bhI apane ghara pahuMca kara apanI mAtA se apane tathA usa aMgUThI ke sambandha meM zapatha dilA kara pUchA / zreSThipatnI ne bhI yathAghaTita sArI ghaTanA upe sunA dii| sArI ghaTanA suna kara kuveradattA ko saMsAra se virakti ho gii| usane pravartinI mAdhvI ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura niraticAra paMcamahAvratoM kA pAlana varatI huI vaha unake sAtha vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lagI / usane pravartinI se prAjJA lekara vaha aMgUThI jisake kAraNa ki use nirveda huA thA, apane pAsa rakha lI / vizuddha cAritra ke pAlana aura kaThora tapazcaraNa meM kucha hI varSo pazcAt

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zrutakevalI-kAla : zrAcArya prabhavasvAmI kuberadattA ko avadhijJAna kI upalabdhi ho gaI / jaba kuberadattA ko pravadhijJAna se yaha vidita huA ki usakA bhAI kuberadatta apanI mAtA kuberasenA ke sAtha dAmpatya jIvana vyatIta kara rahA hai to use sAMsArika prANiyoM kI garhaNIya evaM dayanIya sthiti para bar3A prAzcarya huA / usane mana hI mana vicAra kiyA -- "prajJAna ke kAraNa mAnava kitanA ghora anartha kara DAlatA hai / kuberasenA aura kuberadatta ko pratibodha dene hetu usane pravartinI kI AjJA se kucha AryAnoM ke sAtha mathurA kI ora vihAra kiyaa| vahAM pahuMca kara kuberasenA garikA ke ghara meM hI eka nivAsayogya sthAna mAMga kara kuberadattA ne vahAM rahanA prArambha kiyA / kuberadatta se kuberasenA ko eka bAlaka kI prApti huI thI / usa bAlaka ko kuberasenA bAra-bAra sAdhvI kuberadattA ke pAsa lAne lagI / kuberadatta ku0 kA prA0. 0] kuberasenA aura kuveradatta ko pratibodha dene ke liye kuberadattA ne usa bAlaka ko dUra se hI dulArabhare svara meM hularAnA prAram: kiyA - "are pro nanheM munne ! ro mata, tU merA bhAI hai, devara bhI hai, putra bhI hai, merI sauta ( vipatnI) kA putra bhI hai| eka taraha se tU merA bhatIjA bhI hai / kAkA bhI hai| o munne ! jisakA tU putra hai vaha merA bhAI bhI hai, pati bhI hai, pitA bhI, pitAmaha bhI, zvasura bhI aura putra bhI hai / grare bAlaka ! aura bhI suna ! meM eka aura nigUr3ha tathya kA udghATana tere samakSa karatI hUM - pro bacce ! jisa strI ke garbha se tU utpanna hunA hai, vaha merI mAtA hai / vaha merI sAsa bhI, vipatno bhI, bhrAtRjAyA bhI, pitAmahI bhI aura bahU bhI hai / " 303 sAdhvI kuberadvattA dvArA apane putra kA isa prakAra kA hularAnA suna kara kuberadatta cauMkA / usane vandana karane ke pazcAt sAdhvI se prazna kiyA " sAdhvIjI ! prApa isa prakAra kI parasparavirodhI aura asambaddha bAteM kyoM praura kisa kAraNa se kaha rahI haiM ? kyA prApakI buddhi meM koI bhrAnti ho gaI hai athavA Apa isa bAlaka ke vinoda ke liye kevala krIDArtha aisI prayogya bAteM kaha rahI haiM ?" sAdhvI kuberadattA ne uttara meM kahA- "zrAvaka ! meM jo bAteM kaha rahI hUM ve saba saccI haiN| maiM tumhArI bahina vahI kuberadattA hUM jisake sAtha tumhArA pANigrahaNa ho gayA thA aura yaha hai hama donoM kI mAtA kuberasenA / " kuberasenA praura kuberadatta prAzcarya se zravAk ho sAdhvI kI ora nihArate hI raha gaye / tatpazcAt sAdhvI kuberadattA ne apane avadhijJAna dvArA dekhI huI aneka bAteM una donoM ko pramANapurassara sunAI aura nAmAMkita mudrikA kI bAta kahI, jina para kuberadatta aura kuberadattA ke nAma aMkita the / sAdhvI kuberadattA ke mukha se samasta yathAtathya vRttAnta suna kara kuberada ko saMsAra se tIvra vairAgya ho gayA / usane atyanta viSAdabhare svara meM apane

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304 jaMna dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kuberadatta ku. kA mA0 Apako dhikkArate hue kahA - "zoka ! mahAzoka ! ajJAnavaza maiMne kaisA prakaraNIya, anarthabharA ghora kukRtya kara ddaalaa| prAtmaglAni aura zoka se abhibhUta ho kuberadatta ne usa bAlaka ko apanI samasta sampatti kA svAmo banA kara sAdhvI kuberadattA ko zraddhA-bhaktipUrvaka namana karate hue kahA - "Apane mujhe pratibodha diyA hai / yaha ApakA mujha para bahuta bar3A upakAra hai| aba meM apanA zeSa jIvana AtmasAdhanA meM hI vyatIta kruuNgaa|" ___ yaha kaha kara kuberadatta ghara se nikala gyaa| usane eka sthavira zramaNa ke pAsa jAkara bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura nizcala-nirveda ke sAtha vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue anta meM vaha samAdhimaraNa dvArA Ayu pUrNa kara devarUpa se utpanna huaa| kuberasenA bhI bodha pAkara zrAvikA-dharma kA evaM gRhastha yogya niyamoM kA pAlana karatI huI apane ghara meM rahane lagI aura sAdhvI kuberadattA apanI pravartinI kI sevA meM lauTa gii|" uparyukta pAkhyAna sunAne ke pazcAt jambUkumAra ne prabhava se prazna kiyA"prabhava ! aba tuma hI batAo ki una tInoM ko uparivariNata vastusthiti kA sahI-sahI bodha ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI kyA kabhI viSaya bhogoM ke prati rAga athavA Asakti ho sakatI hai ?" prabhava ne kahA - "kabhI nahIM / " jambakUmAra ne tyAgamArga ko apanAne kA apanA dRr3ha nizcaya doharAte hae kahA - "prabhava ! kuberasenA Adi una tInoM prANiyoM meM se kadAcit koI mar3hatAdaza pramatta ho viSayasevana kI aora pravRtti kara sakatA hai kintu maiMne apane guru ke pAsa pramANa purassara viSayabhogoM se hone vAle mahAn anarthoM ko acchI taraha se samajha liyA hai ataH mere mana meM viSaya-bhogoM ke liye kabhI lezamAtra bhI abhilASA utpanna nahIM ho sktii|" prabhava kA mastaka zraddhA se avanata ho gyaa| usane kahA - "zraddheya ! tathyoM se otaprota atizaya sampanna Apake vacanoM ko sunakara aisA kaunasA cetanAzIla prANI hai, jise pratibodha nahIM hogaa| kintu eka bAta maiM Apase kahanA cAhatA huuN| vastutaH dhana bar3e hI kaThora parizrama aura prayatnoM se prApta hotA hai| prApake pAsa apAra sampatti hai / isa vipula vaibhava kA upabhoga karane ke liye pApa kama se kama eka varSa taka to gRhavAsa meM rahiye aura SaDRtuoM ke anukUla viSayabhogoM kA mAnanda lete hue dIna-duHkhiyoM kI sevA kara isa dravya kA sadupayoga kriye| phira maiM bhI prApake sAtha prajita hone ko taiyAra huuN|" ___ jambUkumAra ne kahA - "prabhava ! paNDita loga satpAtroM ko dAna dene meM sampatti kA sadupayoga prazaMsanIya batAte haiM na ki viSaya sukhoM kI kAmanAmoM kI

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gopayuvaka kA dRSTAMta ] zrutavalI - kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 305 pUrti meM / " tatpazcAt jambUkumAra ne artha ke anucita upayoga ke sambandha meM eka gopayuvaka kA dRSTAMta sunAyA jo isa prakAra hai : gopayuvaka kA dRSTAMta "aMga janapada ke eka gokula meM aneka samRddha gopAlaka rahate the, jinake pAsa gaNita gAyeM tathA bhaiMseM thiiN| eka bAra DAkuoMoM ke eka sazakta evaM sazastra dala ne usa gokula para AkramaNa kiyaa| DAkU lUTa meM mile dhana ke sAtha sAtha eka atyanta sundarI gopayuvatI ko bhI apane sAtha le gaye jo eka putra kI mAM thI / jAte samaya DAkU usa yuvatI ke putra ko gokula meM hI chor3a gaye praura usa gopavadhU ko DAkU becane ke liye campA nagarI meM le gaye, jahAM eka vezyA ne use kharIda liyA / vezyA ne usa gopavadhU ko nRtya evaM saMgIta kalA tathA gariekAkarma kI uccakoTi kI zikSA dilAne kA prabandha kiyA / kucha hI varSoM ke prayAsa se vaha gopayuvati saMgIta aura nRtya kalA meM niSNAMta evaM nipuNa gaNikA bana gaI / vRddhA gaNikA ne gariNakA kArya meM nipuNa usa gopavadhU ke sAtha eka rAtri sahavAsa karane kA eka lAkha rupayA mUlya rakhA / udhara gokula meM rahe usa gopavadhU ke putra ne bhI yuvAvasthA meM praveza kiyA / vaha gopayuvaka ghRtapAtroM se bhare aneka gADe lekara becane ke liye eka dina campA nagarI meM pahuMcA / ghRta vikraya ke pazcAt usane dekhA ki aneka yuvaka gaNikAoM ke gharoM meM nRtya saMgIta kA zrAnanda lUTate hue yathepsita krIr3AeM kara rahe haiN| usake mana meM bhI vicAra uThA ki yadi sundara se sundara gariNakA ke sAtha krIr3A kA Ananda vaha na le sakA to phira usakA sArA dhana kisa kAma prAyagA / yaha vicAra kara vaha yuvaka aneka gaNikAoM ke saundarya ko dekhatA huA gaNikA banI huI usa gopavadhu ke yahAM jA phuNcaa| vaha usake saundarya para mugdha ho, use muMha-mAMgA zulka dera rAtri ke samaya Ane kA kaha kara apane gADoM ke pAsa calA prAyA / saMdhyA ke samaya vaha gopayuvaka snAnAdi se nivRtta ho sundara vastrAbhUSaraNa pahana kara usa gariekA ke ghara kI ora cala pdd'aa| eka devI ne anukampAvaza usa yuvaka ko usa ghora anAcAra se bacAne ke liye savatsA go kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura mArga ke bIcoM-bIca baiTha gii| mArga meM usa yuvaka kA eka paira mArga meM par3e mAnava ke mala se lipta ho gayA / usa vyakti ne maile se bharA apanA paira usa gAya ke bachar3e kI pITha para poMcha DAlA manuSya kI bhASA meM bolate hue usa bachar3e ne apanI mAtA se pUchA - "mAM ! yaha aisA kauna puruSa hai, jo viSTA se bharA apanA paira mere zarIra para poMcha rahA hai ?" / gau ne bhI mAnava ko volI meM uttara diyA- " vatsa ! isa nikRSTa narAdhama para krodha mata karanA, yaha grabhAgA to apanI mAtA ke sAtha sambhoga karane jA rahA hai / isa prakAra kA duSkRtya karane vAlA mAnava yadi tere zarIra para apanA viSTAlipta pAMva poche, to yaha koI grAzcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / "

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2 / 306 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [gopayuvaka kA dRSTAMta - yaha kaha kara gau apane bachar3e ke sAtha antardhAna ho gii| pazuoM ke muMha se azrutapUrva mAnavabhASA suna kara gopayuvaka ko Azcarya ke sAtha-sAtha unakI bAta kI prAmANikatA para bhI vizvAsa hunaa| usane vicAra kiyA ki DAkU logoM ne usakI mAtA kA apaharaNa kiyA thaa| bahuta saMbhava hai ki vaha gaNikA bana gaI ho| kSaNabhara ke UhApoha ke pazcAt usane nizcaya kiyA ki vaha usa gariNakA ke pAsa jAkara vAstavikatA kA patA avazya lgaaygaa| apane nizcaya ke anusAra gopayuvaka usa gaNikA ke ghara phuNcaa| catura gaNikA ne usa yuvaka ke samakSa svAdiSTa prazana-pAnAdi prastuta kara nRtya-saMgIta prAdi se usakA manoraMjana karane kA upakrama kiyaa| yuvA gopa ne kahA - "yaha saba kucha rahane do| sabase pahale tuma mujhe yaha batAyo ki tuma kauna ho aura kahAM kI rahane vAlI ho ?" / gaNikA ne uttara diyA - "taruNa ! tumane mere jina guNoM para mugdha hokara unake zulka ke rUpa meM vipula dhana diyA hai, una guNoM ke sambandha meM tuma apane matalaba kI bAta kro| tumheM merI utpatti athavA anya paricaya se kyA prayojana hai?" yuvaka ne kahA - "tuma vizvAsa karo, vAstava meM mujhe tumhArI utpatti ke paricaya se hI prayojana hai, anya bAtoM se nahIM / kRpA kara binA chupAye apanA sArA itivRtta saca-saca sunA do|" __yuvaka kI bAta suna kara gaNikA kucha kSaNoM ke liye UhApohAtmaka vicArasAgara meM DUbI rahI para antatogatvA usane apane zvasura-pakSa evaM pitRpakSa ke mukhyamukhya svajanoM ke nAmollekhapUrvaka apane DAkuoM dvArA apaharaNa tathA gaNikA dvArA kraya kiye jAne Adi sabhI ghaTanAoM kA pUrA paricaya de diyaa| yuvA gopa lajjita ho gariNakA ke caraNoM para gira kara kahane lagA- "mAM ! maiM hI tumhArA vaha abhAgA putra hUM, jisase vilaga kara tumheM DAkU uThA lAye the| deva-kRpA se Aja hama donoM mAtA aura putra ghora anAcAra se baca gaye haiN|" ___ tadanantara gopakumAra vRddhA gaNikA ko usake kahe anusAra mUlya cukA kara apanI mAM ko apane sAtha gokula meM le gyaa|" uparyukta dRSTAnta sunAne ke pazcAt jambUkumAra ne prabhava se pUchA- "prabhava ! yadi devatA dvArA usa gopayuvaka ko pratibodha nahIM diyA jAtA, to usa dazA meM usa yuvA gopa ke dhana kA upayoga kaisA hotA ?" prabhava ne kahA "atyanta garhaNIya aura nitAnta nindanIya / jambUkumAra ne eka aura prazna kiyA- "prabhava ! mAtA-putra kA sambandha jJAta ho jAne para kyA vaha yuvaka gaNikA banI apanI usa mAtA ke sAtha kabhI viSayopabhoga kI abhilASA kara sakatA hai ?"

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gopayuvaka kA dRSTAMta ] zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI prabhava ne tatkAla uttara diyA- "kabhI nahIM, svapna meM bhI nahIM / " jambUkumAra ne kahA - " pratibodha pAyA humA prabuddhacetA vyakti hI saba prakAra ke anAcAroM se baca sakatA hai, na ki prajJAnanidrA se vimUr3ha banA huA vyakti / vastutaH jJAna dvArA hI saba prakAra ke dukhoM tathA duSkRtyoM se paritrANa ho sakatA hai / " isa bAra prabhava ne jambUkumAra ko zraddhApUrvaka praNAma kara anunayapUraNa svara meM kahA - "svAmin! zrApa lokadharma ke anurUpa sabhI karttavyoM kA nirvahana karate hue putra utpanna kIjiye / putra utpanna karane se pitRgaNa parama prasanna hote haiM, kyoMki putra dvArA kiye gaye tarpaNa ke mAdhyama se unakA mahAn upakAra hotA hai / vicakSaraNa puruSoM kA yaha kathana lokavizruta hai ki - pitRRraNa se unmukta (putra utpanna karane vAlA) vyakti mRtyu ke uparAnta svarga meM nivAsa karatA hai| lokokti prasiddha hai ki praputra kI gati nahIM hotI, use svarga kI prApti nahIM hotI / ' jambUkumAra ne prabhava kI yukti kA uttara dete hue kahA- "prabhava ! tumane pitRRNa se unmukta vyakti ke sambandha meM svarga prApti kI jo bAta kahI hai, vaha vastutaH saca nahIM hai| marane ke pazcAt anya bhava meM utpanna pitA kA upakAra karane kI buddhi se kiye gaye apane kArya dvArA putra usakA kabhI-kabhI bar3A apakAra bhI kara DAlatA hai, jabaki dUsare bhava meM gaye hue pitA ko putra kI zrora se vAstava meM kisI bhI prakAra kI zAnti nahIM miltii| kyoMki sabhI prANiyoM ko svayaM dvArA kiye gaye zubhAzubha karmoM kA hI sukha evaM duHkha rUpa phala prApta hotA hai, na ki kisI dUsare ke dvArA kiye gaye karma kA / pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt putra dvArA usakI tRpti prathavA zAnti ke liye kiye gaye kArya se mRta prAraNI ko tRpti prathavA zAnti to kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM mila sakatI / pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai ki eka grAmAntara meM rahe hue mitra kI bhI zrAddha meM brAhmaNoM ko khilAye gaye bhojana se tRpti nahIM hotI, to phira lokAntara meM sthita jIva kI isa prakAra ke tarpaNa se kaise tRpti ho sakatI hai ? jalAdi tarpaNa se tRpti ke viparIta kabhI kuMthU athavA cIMTI Adi jaise choTe-choTe jantunoM ke rUpa meM utpanna hue pitA ko putra dvArA unake tarpaNa hetu chIMTe gaye jala se mRtyu Adi kA kaSTa avazya ho sakatA hai / lokadharma kI asaMgati ke sambandha meM mai tumheM eka dRSTAnta sunAtA hU~, jo isa prakAra hai : * 307 mahezvaradatta kA prAkhyAna "kisI samaya tAmralipti nAmaka nagara meM mahezvaradatta nAmaka eka sArthavAha rahatA thA / usakA pitA samudradatta atyanta chala-chadma evaM lobhapUrNa pravRtti ke 1 putrasya gatirnAsti, svargo naiva ca naiva ca / tasmAtputramukhaM dRSTvA, svarga gacchanti mAnavAH / / [vaidika sAhitya ]

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308 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [ mahezvaradatta kA prANyAna kAraNa mara kara usI nagara meM mahiSa kI yoni meM utpanna hugrA aura mahezvaradatta kI mAtA bhI pativiyoga ke zoka se santapta ho cintAvasthA meM kAla kara usI nagara meM kutiyA ke rUpa meM utpanna huI / mahezvaradatta kI yuvA patnI gAMgilA apane ghara meM kisI vRddhA kA aMkuza na rahane ke kAraNa svecchAcAriNI bana gii| eka dina usane eka sundara yuvaka para grAsakta ho use rAtri ke samaya apane ghara zrAne kA saMketa kiyA / saMdhyAkAla ke pazcAt gAMgilA dvAra para khar3I ho apane premI kI pratIkSA karane lgii| kucha hI kSaNoM kI pratIkSA ke anantara sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta evaM zastra dhAraNa kiye hue vaha jAra puruSa apanI pratIkSA meM khar3I gAMgilA ke pAsa phuNcaa| saMyogavaza usI samaya mahezvaradatta bhI una donoM premI evaM premikA ke milanasthala para jA pahuMcA / jArapuruSa ne apane prAraNoM ko saMkaTa meM dekha kara mahezvaradatta ko mAra DAlane ke uddezya se usa para talavAra kA ghAtaka vAra kiyaa| para mahezvaradatta ne paTutApUrvaka apane Apako usake prahAra se bacAte hue usa jArapuruSa ko apanI talavAra ke prahAra se grAhata kara diyA / ghAtaka prahAra ke kAraNa vaha jArapuruSa kucha hI kadama cala kara lar3akhar3AtA huA pRthvI para gira pdd'aa| jArapuruSa ne apane duSkRtya ke liye pazcAttApa karate hue vicAra kiyA - "mere jaise prabhAge ko apane durAcAra kA tAtkAlika phala prApta ho gayA / " sarala bhAva se zrAtmAlocana karate hue usakI mRtyu ho gaI aura vaha gAMgilA ke garbha meM AyA / gAMgilA ne samaya para use putra rUpa meM janma diyaa| isa prakAra mahezvaradatta kA zatru vaha jArapuruSa mahezvaradatta kA lADalA lAla bana gayA / mahezvaradatta use apane prANoM se bhI adhika pyAra karane lagA / kAlAntara meM mahezvara datta ne apane pitA kA zrAddha karane kA vicAra kiyA aura kula paramparAnusAra usane eka bhaiMsA khriidaa| saMyoga kI bAta ki usakA pitA mara kara jisa bhaiMse ke rUpa meM utpanna huA thA vahI bhaiMsA usane kharIdA / usane usa bhaiMse ko mAra kara usake mAMsa se taiyAra kI huI bhojya sAmagrI se apane pitA ke zrAddha meM grAmantrita logoM ko bhojana khilAyA / zrAddha ke pazcAt dUsare dina mahezvaradatta madyapAna ke sAtha usa bhaiMse ke mAMsa ko bar3I rucipUrvaka khAne lagA / vaha apanI goda meM baiThe hue usa jAra ke jIva-apane putra ko mahiSa-mAMsa ke Tukar3e khilA rahA thA aura pAsa hI meM kutiyA ke rUpa meM baiThI huI apanI mAM ko lAThI se mAra rahA thaa| usI samaya eka muni bhikSArtha bhramaraNa karate hue mahezvaradatta ke ghara meM Aye / muni ne mahezvaradatta ko pratiprasanna mudrA meM mahiSamAMsa khAte, ko putra dulAra karate aura kutiyA ko mArate dekhA / muni apane avadhijJAna se vastusthiti ko jAna kara mana hI mana vicAra karane lage - " aho ! ajJAna kI kaisI viDambanA hai / ajJAna ke kAraNa isa mAnava ne apane zatru ko to goda meM le rakhA hai, mAM ko pITa rahA hai aura apane pitA ke zrAddha meM apane pitA ke jIva ko hI mAra kara

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.. . mahezvaradatta kA pAkhyAna ] zrutakevalIHkAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI svayaM khAtA hai aura anya logoM ko bhI khilAtA hai|" ve 'aho akArya' kaha kara ghara ke dvAra se hI lauTa gaye / mahezvaradatta ne apane mana meM vicAra kiyA ki muni binA kucha liye hI "aho akArya" kaha kara ghara ke dvAra se hI lauTa rahe haiM, kyA kAraNa hai ? muni se isakA kAraNa pUchanA cAhiye, aisA soca kara vaha muni ko khojatA hamA usa sthAna para pahuMcA jahAM ve Thahare hue the| mahezvaradatta ne muni ko praNAma kara unase apane ghara se binA bhikSA liye hI "aho prakArya" kaha kara lauTa mAne kA kAraNa puuchaa| sAdhu ne uttara diyA - "bhavya ! mAMsabhojiyoM ke grahoM se, jahAM maryAdA kA vicAra na ho, bhikSA grahaNa karanA hama zramaNoM ke liye kalpanIya nahIM hai|' mAMsAzana nitAnta hiMsApUrNa aura jugupsanIya hai prataH mAMsabhojI kuloM meM maiM bhikSA grahaNa nahIM karatA / phira tumhAre ghara meM to............| apane antima vAkya ko apUrNa chor3a kara hI muni maunastha ho gye| mahezvaradatta ne muni ke caraNoM meM apanA mastaka rakhate hue bar3e anunaya-vinaya ke sAtha vAstavika tathya batAne kI prArthanA kii| isa para muni ne apane pravaSizAna dvArA jAnA humA mahezvaradatta ke pitA, mAtA, jArapuruSa, mahiSa, kuttI aura putra kA sArA vRttAnta sunA diyaa| mahezvaradatta ne kahA- "bhagavan ! Apane jo kucha kahA, vaha satya hai para kyA ina tathyoM kI puSTi meM Apa koI pramANa prastuta kara sakate haiM ?" muni ne kahA- "kutiyA ko tuma apane bhaNDAra-kakSa meM le jAmo, use vahAM jAtismaraNa jJAna ho jAyagA aura vaha apane paMjoM se prAMgana khoda kara ratnoM se bharA kalaza batA degii| - muni ke kathanAnusAra mahezvaradatta kutiyA ko apane ghara ke bhaNDArakakSa meM le gyaa| vahAM jAte hI use pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho pAyA aura usane apane paMjoM se kaccA prAMgana khoda kara ratnoM se bharA carU batA diyaa| mani dvArA prati nigaDha rahasyoM kA pramANapurassara anAvaraNa ho jAne para mahezvaradatta ko saMsAra se virakti ho gii| usane unhIM avadhijJAnI muni ke.pAsa zramaNa dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara apanA uddhAra kiyaa| 'kina gRhItA bhikSA bhagavan, munirAha kalpate'smAkaM / na khalu pizitAzivezmani, mahezvara : prAha ko hetu : // 278 / / jimbUcaritra, ralaprabhasUrikata] 1 tena na bhikSe bhikSAM, mAMsAzikuleSvahaM jugupsAvAn / bhavato gRhe vizeSAdityukta vA sa sthitastUSNIm / / 283 // (vahI) antargRhaM zunI nItA, jAtajAtismRtiH satI / ratnajAtaM tadeSA tamilAtaM darzayiSyati / / (vahI)

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mahezvaradatta kA pAkhyAna dRSTAnta ke niSkarSa ko samajhAte hae jambUkUmAra ne kahA - "prabhava ! lokAcAra kI to vastutaH isa prakAra kI sthiti hai| ajJAnAndhatama se AvRtta mana vAle prANI hI ise pramANabhUta mAna kara prakaraNIya kAryoM meM pravRtti aura karane yogya kAryoM meM nivRtti rakhate haiN| parantu jinake hRdaya meM jJAna kA vimala prakAza ho cukA hai, ve loga kabhI aise kAryoM meM pravRtta nahIM hote / yaha saMsAra duHkhoM se prota-prota hai, isa bAta ko jo prANI anubhava karatA hai, use cAhiye ki vaha saMsAra ke samasta prapaMcoM kA parityAga kara mokSaprApti ke liye apanI pUrI zakti lagA kara nirantara prayatna karatA rhe|" sukha ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane kI jijJAsA liye prabhava ne jamba kumAra se antima prazna kiyA - "svAmin ! viSayasukha meM aura muktisukha meM kyA antara hai ? jambUkUmAra ne uttara diyA- "prabhava ! mukti kA sukha anirvacanIya aura nirupama hai| usameM kSaNamAtra ke liye bhI kabhI koI bAdhA vyavadhAna nahIM pAtA isaliye vaha avyAvAdha hai, usakA koI chora nahIM, usakI kabhI kahIM parisamApti nahIM prataH vaha ananta hai aura devatAoM ke sukha se bhI vaha anantagunA adhika hai, jisakA. varNana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA isaliye vaha anirvacanIya hai| viSayajanya tathAkathita sukha vastutaH sukha nahIM hai, vaha to sukha kI kalpanA aura viDambanAmAtra hai| prazana, pAna, vilepana Adi kA upabhoga karate samaya sukha kI kalpanA karatA huA mAnava vastutaH dukhoM ko hI nimantraNa detA hai / anubhaviyoM ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki bhoga meM roga kA bhaya hai|" duHkha meM sukha kI kalpanA karane viSayaka eka dRSTAnta sunAte hue jambUkumAra ne kahA : pariNakakA dRSTAnta "eka samaya eka vyApArI mAla se kaI gAr3e bhara kara sArtha ke sAtha dezAntara jAtA huA eka vikaTa aTavI meM phuNcaa| usa vyApArI ne mArga meM lena-dena kI muvidhA kI dRSTi se eka khaccara para kharIja (rejagI, phuTakara sikke) se bharA eka vorA lAda rakhA thaa| jaMgala meM pahuMcate-pahuMcate phuTakara sikkoM se bharA vaha vorA kisI taraha phaTa gayA / pariNAmata: bahuta se paise mArga meM hI bikhara gye| jJAta hone para usa vyApArI ne apane sabhI gADoM ko roka diyA aura rAha meM vikharI haI rejagI ko apane prAdamiyoM kI sahAyatA se vInane lgaa| sArtha ke rakSakoM ne usa vyApArI se kahA - "kyoM kaur3iyoM ke badale meM karor3oM kI sampatti ko khatare meM DAla rahe ho? yahAM isa bhayAvaha vana meM coroM kA bar3A aAtaMka hai ataH gAr3oM ko zIghratApUrvaka Age bar3hane do|"

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pariNakakA dRSTAMta zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 311 rakSakoM kI ucita salAha ko asvIkAra karate hue usa vyApArI ne kahA"bhaviSya kA lAbha saMdigdha hai, aisI dazA meM jo pAsa meM hai, usakA parityAga karanA buddhimAnI nahIM" aura vaha una phuTakara sikkoM ko bInane meM juTa gayA / sAtha ke anya loga aura sArtha ke rakSaka usa vyApArI ke mAla se bhare gAr3oM ko vahIM chor3a kara bhAge bar3ha gaye / vyApArI rAha meM bikhare sikkoM ko bInatA rahA aura zeSa sArtha rakSakoM ke sAtha-sAtha usa ghane jaMgala se pAra ho gyaa| usa vyApArI ke sAtha rakSakoM ko na dekha kara coroM ke eka dala ne pAkramaNa kiyA aura ve vyApArI kA sArA mAla lUTa kara le gye|" jambUkumAra ne dRSTAnta ko dArTAntikarUpa se ghaTita karate hue kahA - "jo manuSya viSayoM ke tuccha aura nAmamAtra ke tathAkathita sukha meM grAsakta ho bhAvI momasukha kI prApti kA prayAsa chor3a dete haiM, ve saMsAra meM anantakAla taka bhramaNa karate hue usI prakAra zoka aura duHkha. se grasta rahate haiM, jaise kaur3iyoM ke lobha meM karor3oM kI sampatti gaMvA dene vAlA yaha vyaapaarii|" .pramaya kA prAtmaciMtana jambUkumAra dvArA kahI gaI hita-mita-tathya-yukti praura viraktipUrNa uparyukta bAtoM ko sunane ke pazcAt prabhava ke antarcakSa kucha unmIlita hue, usake hRdaya meM eka prakAra kI halacala sI prArambha huii| usake antarmana meM vicAroM kA phavvArA phUTa pdd'aa| usane socA- "yaha atizaya kAnta, parama sukumAra, sudhAMzu se bhI saumya, sarvAMgasundara evaM manamohaka anupama svarUpa, kuveropama aparimita vaibhava, suravAlAnoM ke samAna anindya saundarya evaM sarvaguNa sampanna pATha patniyAM, bhavyabhavana bhora sahaja sulabha pracura bhoga sAmagrI-ina saba kA tRNavat parityAga kara eka mora jambUkumAra muktipatha ke pathika bana rahe haiM / isake viparIta dUsarI mora meM apane pAMca sau sAthiyoM ke sAtha dUsare logoM kI unake dvArA kaThora parizrama se upArjita sampatti lUTane ke jaghanya duSkRtya meM rAta-dina nirata hai| maiMne agaNita logoM ko unakI priya sampatti se vaMcita karake rulAyA hai, unake sarvasva kA apaharaNa kara unake jIvana ko dukhamaya banA DAlA hai / hAya ! maiMne lUTa-mAra maura corI ke anaitika, sAmAjika aura dhuriNata kArya ko apanA kara ghorAtidhora pApa-puMjoM kA upArjana kara liyA hai| nizcita rUpa se merA bhaviSya bar3A hI bhISaNa, duHkhadAyI-mora andhakArapUrNa hai|" apane kukarmoM kA phala kitanA dAruNa paura bhayAvaha hogA? yaha vicAra mAte hI prabhava sihara uThA / usane tatkAla dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA ki praba vaha saba prakAra ke pApapUrNa kAryoM kA parityAga kara evaM samasta viSayopabhogoM se virakta ho apane bigar3e bhaviSya ko sudhArane meM praura prAtmakalyANa meM juTa jaaygaa| mana hI mana yaha nizcaya kara prabhava ne apanA mastaka jambUkumAra ke caraNoM para rakhate hue hAtha jor3a kara kahA - "svAmin ! pApa mere guru haiM mora meM mApakA

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312 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga vaNika kA STAta ziSya / Apane mujhe mokSa kA mArga dikhA diyA hai / maiMne yaha dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA hai ki maiM aba Apake sAtha hI pravajita ho kara jIvanabhara aApakI sevA kruuNgaa| Apa mujhe ziSya rUpa se svIkRta kreN|" / jambUkumAra ne svIkRti sUcaka svara meM kahA - "acchA / " jambakumAra dvArA svIkRti sUcaka zabda ke uccAraNa ke sAtha hI prabhava ke pAMca sau staMbhita sAthI staMbhana se vimukta ho gye| prabhava ne apane saba sAthiyoM ko prAdeza dekara saba sampatti ko jahAM se haTAyA thA vahAM yathAsthAna rakhavA diyA aura vaha jambUkumAra se anumati le kara dIkSArtha apane pitA kI AjJA lene hetu tatkAla apane sAthiyoM sahita jayapura nagara kI ora prasthAna kara gyaa| pramava kI bImA aura sApanA ... ghara pahuMca kara prabhava kumAra ne apane kuTumbiyoM se prAjJA prApta kI aura dUsare hI dina apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha suSarmA svAmI kI sevA meM upasthita ho Arya jambU ke anantara unake 26 prAtmIyoM evaM apane 500 sAthiyoM ke sAtha bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| isa prakAra DAkunoM evaM luTeroM ke agraNI prabhava sAdhakoM ke agraNI prabhavasvAmI bana gaye / jaisA ki jambUsvAmI ke prakaraNa meM pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, kucha granthakAra jambU ke pazcAt kAlAntara meM prabhava kA dIkSita honA mAnate haiM para isa sambandha meM koI Thosa pramANa upalabdha nahIM hote| dIkSA grahaNa ke samaya Arya prabhava kI avasthA 30 varSa kI thii| prArya prabhava vivAhita the athavA avivAhita, etadviSayaka kahIM koI spaSTa ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| dIkSA-grahaNa ke pazcAta prArya prabhava ne vinayapUrvaka Arya jambUsvAmI ke pAsa 11 aMgoM evaM 14 pUrvo kA samyak rUpa se adhyayana kiyA aura aneka prakAra kI kaThora tapazcaryAeM kara ke tapasyA kI pracaNDa agni meM apane karmasamUha ko IMdhana kI taraha jalAne lge| dIkSita hone ke pazcAt 64 varSa taka unhoMne jambUsvAmI kI sevA karate hue sAdhaka ke rUpa meM zramaraNa dharma kA pAlana kiyaa| tadanantara vIra nirvANa saMvat 6.4 meM Arya jambUsvAmI dvArA prAcAryapada pradAna kiye jAne aura prArya jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt prabhavasvAmI prAcArya bane / apanI mAtmA ke uddhAra ke sAtha-sAtha prabhavasvAmI ne yugapradhAna prAcArya ke rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kI bar3I niSThA aura lagana ke sAtha mahatI sevA evaM prabhAvanA kii| uttarAdhikArI ke liye cintana ekadA rAtri ke samaya prAcArya prabhavasvAmI yogasamAdhi lagAye dhyAna meM magna the| zeSa sabhI sAdhu nidrA meM so rahe the / arddharAtri ke pazcAta dhyAna kI parisamApti para unake mana meM vicAra pAyA ki unake pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke suvizAla dharmasaMgha kA samyak rUpeNa saMcAlana karane vAlA paTTadhara banAne yogya

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uttarA0 ke liye cintana] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI kauna hai ? unhoMne zramaNasaMgha ke apane sabhI sAdhunoM kI pora dhyAna diyA para unameM se eka bhI sAdhu unheM apanI abhilASA ke anukUla nahIM jaMcA / tatpazcAt unhoMne apane sAdhusaMgha se dhyAna haTA kara jaba anya kisI yogya vyakti ko khojane ke liye zrutajJAna kA upayoga lagAyA, to unhoMne apane jJAnabala se dekhA ki rAjagRha nagara meM vatsa gotrIya brAhmaNa sayyaMbhava bhaTTa, jo ki una dinoM yajJAnuSThAna meM nirata hai, vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke saMcAlana ke bhAra ko vahana karane meM pUrNarUpeNa samartha ho sakatA hai| dUsare hI dina gaNanAyaka prabhavasvAmI apane sAdhuoM ke sAtha vihAra karate hae rAjagRha nagara pdhaare| vahAM pahuMcane para unhoMne apane do sAdhUnoM ko prAdeza diyA- "zramaNo! tuma donoM sayyaMbhava brAhmaNa ke yajJa meM bhikSArtha jaano| vahAM jaba brAhmaNa loga tumheM bhikSA dene se inkAra kara deM to tuma ucca svara se nimna zloka una logoM ko sunA kara punaH yahAM lauTa pAnA - "aho kaSTamaho kaSTaM, tatvaM vijJAyate na hi / ' arthAta - aho! mahAn duHkha, kI bAta hai, bar3e zoka kA viSaya hai ki sahI tatvaM (paramArtha) ko nahIM samajhA jA rahA hai / isa prakAra prAcArya ke saMketAnusAra tatkAla do sAdhu bhikSArtha rAjagRha nagara ko pora prasthita hue aura sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ke vizAla yajJa-maMDapa meM pahuMca kara bhikSArtha khar3e hue| vahAM yajJa meM bhAga lene hetu upasthita vidvAn brAhmaNoM ne una donoM sAdhunoM ko yajJAna kI bhikSA dene kA niSedha kara diyaa| isa para prabhavasvAmI kI prAjJAnusAra muni-yugala ne ucca svara meM uparilikhita zloka kA uccAraNa kiyA aura ve apane sthAna kI ora lauTa pdd'e| muni-yugala dvArA uccAraNa kiye gaye uparokta zloka ko jaba yajJAnuSThAna meM nirata, pAsa hI meM baiThe hue sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ne sunA to vaha isa para IhApoha karane lagA / vaha isa bAta ko bhalIbhAMti jAnatA thA ki jaina zramaNa kisI dazA meM asatya-bhASaNa nahIM krte| ataH usake mana meM vAstavika tatvajJAna ke sambandha meM aneka prakAra kI zaMkAeM uThane lgiiN| sayyaMbhava ke antarmana meM uThe aneka prakAra ke saMzayoM ke tUphAna ne jaba use burI taraha jhakajhoranA prArambha kiyA, to usane yajJa kA anuSThAna karavAne vAle apane upAdhyAya se prazna kiyA- "purohitapravara! vAstava meM tatva kA sahI rUpa kyA hai ?" upAdhyAya ne uttara meM kahA- "yajamAna ! sahI jJAna kA sAra yahI hai ki veda svarga aura mokSa dene vAle haiN| jinhoMne tatvajJAna ko jAna liyA hai, ve kahate haiM ki vedoM ke atirikta aura koI tatva nahIM hai|" isa para sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ne kruddha svara meM kahA- "saca, saca batAyo ki tatva kyA hai, anyathA maiM tumhArA sira dhar3a se alaga kara duuNgaa|" yaha kaha kara sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ne apanI talavAra myAna se bAhara nikAla lii|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [uttarA ke liye vitana upAdhyAya ne kAla ke samAna karavAla liye apane jajamAna ko sammukha dekha kara socA ki aba saccI bAta batAye binA prANarakSA asaMbhava hai / yaha vicAra kara usane kahA mahat bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita dharma hI vAstavika tatva aura sahI dharma hai| isakA sahI upadeza yahAM virAjita prAcArya prabhava se tumheM prApta karanA caahiye|" upAdhyAya ke mukha se saccI bAta suna kara sayyaMbhava bar3A prasanna hmaa| usane samasta yajJopakaraNa aura yajJa ke liye ekatrita pUrI kI pUrI sAmagrI upAdhyAya ko pradAna kara dI aura svayaM khoja karate hue prAcArya prabhava kI sevA meM jA phuNcaa| sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ne prAcArya prabhava ke caraNoM meM praNAma karate hue unase mokSadAyaka dharma kA upadeza dene kI prArthanA kii| prAcArya prabhava ne samyaktva sahita ahiMsA, satya, pracaurya, brahmacarya paura aparigraha rUpa dharma kI mahimA samajhAte hue sayyaMbhava se kahA ki vastutaH yahI vAstavika tatva, sahI jJAna aura saccA dharma hai / isa vItarAga mArga kI sAdhanA karane vAlA janma, jarA, maraNa ke bandhanoM se sadA-sarvadA ke liye chuTakArA pA kara akSaya sukha kI prApti kara lene meM saphala hotA hai| prAcArya prabhava ke mukha se zuddha mArga kA upadeza suna kara sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ne tatkAla hI prabhavasvAmI ke pAsa zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| prAcArya prabhava dvArA sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ko pratibodha diye jAne kA yaha udAharaNa isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki hamAre mahAn prAcArya apane prAtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha bhaviSya meM prAne vAlI bhavya prANiyoM kI pIr3hiyoM ko kalyANa kA mArga batAne vAlI zramaNa paramparA ko sudIrgha kAla taka sthAyI prora sazakta banAne ke liye bhI pahaniza prayatnazIla rahate the| prArya prabhava kA svargagamana DAkuoM ke pradhinAyaka prabhava ne 30 varSa kI bharapUra yuvAvasthA meM dIkSita hokara 64 varSa ke sudIrgha kAla taka pratikaThora saMyama kA pAlana kiyA aura 11 varSa taka zramasaMgha ke gaurava-garimApUrNa prAcArya pada para adhiSThita raha kara 75 varSa taka sva praura para kA kalyANa kiyaa| isa prakAra ke udAharaNa saMsAra ke itihAsa meM virale hI upalabdha hote haiN| anta meM 105 varSa kI prAyU meM mahAna rAjarSi prAcArya prabhava ne apanA anta samaya sannikaTa samajha apane ziSya sayyaMbhava ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA aura anazanapUrvaka 105 varSa kI pAyu pUrNa kara vIra nirvANa saMvat 75 meM svargagamana kiyaa| digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA digambara mAnyatA ke sabhI granthoM mora paTTAvaliyoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke prAcAryoM kI paramparA meM prArya jambU ke pazcAt mArya prabhava ke sthAna para viSNu ko prAcArya mAnA gayA hai|

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di. paraMparA kI mAnyatA] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya prabhavasvAmI 315 yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki digambara paramparA ke mAnya grantha uttarapurANa (parva 76) meM jambUsvAmI ke ziSya ke rUpa meM bhava nAmaka muni kA aura paM0 rAjamalla ne 'jambUcaritam' meM prabhava kA ullekha kiyA hai| jambUcaritam meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa se kucha dina pazcAt pizAcAdi dvArA diye gaye ghora upasargoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa vidyuccara aura usake sAtha dIkSita hue prabhava prAdi 500 dasyu rAjakumAroM kI mRtyu ho gaI aura ve saba deva bane / uparokta donoM granthoM meM isase adhika prabhava kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai| ___ jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha ke prAcArya, Arya prabhava bane athavA prArya viSNu-aparanAma nandi bane- yaha eka bar3A hI jaTila, mahattvapUrNa aura nAjUka prazna hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt kI prAcArya paramparA ke sambandha meM prAya jambU taka sacelaka aura acelaka donoM paramparAmoM meM prAyaH mataikya hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| indrabhUti gautama ko prathama paTTadhara mAnane na mAnane se koI vizeSa antara nahIM par3atA kyoMki usameM vibheda kI koI gandha nahIM paatii| acelaka paramparA indrabhUti ko prathama paTTadhara mAnatI hai to sacelaka paramparA unheM paTTadhara pada se bhI adhika garimApUrNa gaurava aura sammAna detI hai| parantu jambUsvAmI kA uttarAdhikArI kauna banA isa prazna ko lekara zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke matabheda kA sUtrapAta hotA hai| yaha matabheda prAcArya viSNU aparanAma nandi se prArambha hokara nandimitra-aparanAma, nandi, aparAjita aura prAcArya govardhana taka calatA hai| antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ko donoM paramparAeM samAna rUpa se apanA antima caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya mAnatI haiN| prAcArya bhadrabAha ke pazcAt punaH yaha matabheda prArambha hotA hai aura usake pazcAt kahIM ina donoM paramparAmoM meM etadviSayaka mataikya ke darzana nahIM hote| kAlAntara meM yativRSabha ke guru mArya maMkSu aura nAgahasti kA kAla hI eka aisA kAla kahA jA sakatA hai jisameM ye donoM paramparAeM saMbhavataH eka dUsarI ke nikaTa saMparka meM prAI hoN| jambUsvAmI ke uttarAdhikArI ke nAmabheda ko dekhakara aneka vidvAnoM ne apanA yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki saMbhavataH jambasvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAta hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmasaMgha meM zvetAmbara mora digambara - isa prakAra ke bheda ke bIja kA vapana ho cukA thaa| para una vidvAnoM ke isa abhimata ko donoM paramparAeM samAna rUpa se asvIkAra karatI haiM / jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt prAcAryoM ke nAma ke sambandha meM matabheda hone ke uparAnta bhI na zvetAmbara paramparA isa bAta ko mAnane ke liye taiyAra hai aura na digambara paramparA hI ki prAyaM jamba ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI zvetAmbara aura digambara - isa prakAra kI do zAkhAnoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha vibhakta ho gyaa| ina saba tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vicAra kiyA jAya to yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki yaha eka aisA prazna hai, jisakA samAdhAna karanA koI sAdhAraNa

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [di0 50 kI mAnyatA kArya nhiiN| isa sambandha meM gahana zodha kI AvazyakatA hai / etadviSayaka zodha-kArya meM jo katipaya tathya sahAyaka siddha ho sakate haiM, una tathyoM ko yahAM rakhA jA rahA hai : (1) digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM viSNUnandi ko jambasvAmI kA uttarAdhikArI (paTTadhara) to mAnA gayA hai para kahIM para yaha spaSTa rUpa se ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki ve jambUsvAmI ke ziSya the athavA aura kisI ke| (2) jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM jambUsvAmI ke paTTadhara prabhavasvAmI kA vistAra ke sAtha paricaya diyA gayA hai, usa prakAra digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM prArya viSNu kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai| (3) digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM prabhava kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai para zvetAmbara paramparA ke eka bhI prAcIna grantha meM jambUsvAmI ke uttarAdhikArI ina viSNunandi kA kahIM nAmollekha taka upalabdha nahIM hotaa| prAzA hai donoM paramparAmoM ke vidvAn isa sambandha meM gahana zodha ke pazcAt samucita prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kreNge| . 4. prAcArya samyaMbhava bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tRtIya paTTadhara prAcArya prabhavasvAmI ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saMvat 75 meM caturtha paTTadhara prAcArya sayyaMbhava hue| pApa vatsa gotrIya brAhmaNa kula ke viziSTa vidvAn the| 28 varSa kI vaya meM prAcArya prabhava svAmI ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara, jisa samaya sayyaMbhava ne zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kI, usa samaya unake parivAra meM kevala unakI yuvA patnI vidyamAna thii| apanI patnI ko asahAyAvasthA meM chor3akara sayyaMbhava ke dIkSita hone para nagara ke nAgarika bar3e kheda ke sAtha nizvAsa chor3ate hue bole- "bhadra sayayaMbhava jaisA saMsAra meM anya kauna itanA vajahRdaya hogA jo apanI yuvatI, sundarI, satI strI ko ekAkinI chor3akara saMyama-mArga kA pathika banA ho| eka putra bhI yadi hotA to usa mAzAlatA ke sahAre isa yuvatI kA jIvana itanA dUbhara nahIM hotaa|" bAtarSi maNaka usI dina pAsa-par3osa kI striyoM ne sayyaMbhava kI patnIse pUchA - "sarale kyA tumheM mAzA hai ki tumhArI kukSi meM bhaTTa kula kA kulapradIpa mA cukA hai ?" lajjA se paruNamukhI sayayaMbhava kI patnI ne apane aMcala meM muMha chapAne meM upakrama karate hue ISat smita ke sAtha usa samaya kI bolacAla kI bhASA meM choTa sA uttara diyA- "maraNagaM" (manAka) jisakA artha hotA hai- hAM, kucha hai| ...

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bAlapi maNaka] zrutakevalI-kAsa : prAcArya sayyaMbhavasva mI 297 . karNa-paramparA se vidyut vega kI taraha yaha samAcAra sayyaMbhava bhaTTa ke parijanoM tathA purajanoM meM phaila gayA aura saba ne parama harSa aura saMtoSa kA anubhava kiyaa| . samaya para mAtA ke nIrasa jIvana meM prAzA-sudhA kA siMcana karate hue. sayyaMbhava ke ghara meM putra ne janma grahaNa kiyaa| mAtA ke "maraNagaM" zabda se usa zizu ke pAgamana kI pUrva sUcanA logoM ko prApta huI thI ataH saba ne usa zizu kA nAma "maNaka" rkhaa| mAtA ne apane putra maraNaka ke prati mAtA bhora pitA donoM hI rUpa meM apanA kartavya nibhAte hue bar3e snehapUrvaka usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyaa| dvitIyA ke candra kI taraha kramazaH bar3hate hue bAlaka maNaka ne pATha varSa kI vaya meM padArpaNa kiyA aura apane samavayaska bAlakoM ke saMga khelane ke sAtha hI sAtha adhyayana bhI karane lgaa| bAlaka maNaka prArambha se hI bar3A bhAvUka aura vinayazIla thaa| usane eka dina apanI mAtA se prazna kiyA- "merI acchI mAM ! maiMne mere pitA ko kabhI nahIM dekhA, batalAmo mere pitA kauna aura kahAM haiM ?" mAtA ne apanI prAMkhoM meM umar3ate hue prazrusAgara ko balapUrvaka rokate hue dharya ke sAtha kahA- "vatsa ! jisa samaya tuma garbha meM the, usI samaya tumhAre pitA ne zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| ekAkinI maiMne hI tumhArA lAlanapAlana kiyA hai| putra ! jisa prakAra tumane apane pitA ko nahIM dekhA, ThIka usI prakAra tumhAre pitA ne bhI tumheM nahIM dekhA hai| tumhAre pitA kA nAma sayyaMbhava bhaTTa hai| jisa samaya tuma garbha meM pAye the, usa samaya unhoMne eka yajJa kA anuSThAna prArambha kiyA thaa| usI samaya do dhUrta jaina zramaraNa prAye mora unake dhokhe meM pAkara tere pitA ne unake pIche-pIche jA merA aura apane ghara-dvAra kA parityAga kara jainazramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| yahI kAraNa hai ki tuma pitA-putra paraspara eka dUsare ko abhI taka nahIM dekha sake ho|" mAtA ke mukha se apane pitA kA sArA vRttAnta sunakara bAlaka maNaka ke hRdaya meM apane pitA sayyaMbhava prAcArya ko dekhane kI utkaTa abhilASA jAga uThI pora eka dina apanI mAtA ko pUcha kara vaha apane pitA se milane ke liye ghara se nikala pdd'aa| prAcArya sayyaMbhava una dinoM apane ziSya samudAya ke sAtha vividha grAma nagaroM meM vihAra karate hue campApurI padhAre hue the| suyoga se bAlaka maNaka bhI pitA kI khoja meM ghUmatA-cAmatA campA nagarI jA phuNcaa| vAstava meM jisakI jo sancI lagana hotI hai vaha antatogatvA pUrI hokara hI rahatI hai| kahA bhI hai : "jihi ke jihi para satya sanehU, so tihi milata na kachu sandehU / " puNyodaya se maNaka kI manokAmanA pUrNa ho gii| usane nagarI ke bAhara boSa-nivRtti ke liye mAye hue eka muni ko dekhaa| "avazya hI ye mere pitA ke sahayogI muni hoMge" - isa vicAra ke mAte hI sahasA maNaka ke hRdaya meM bar3I

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318 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bAlarSi maraNaka' prasannatA huii| usane muni ke pAsa pahuMca kara bar3e vinaya se unheM vandana kiyaa| muni bhI kamala- nayana sundara prAkRti vAle bAlaka ko dekhakara sahaja sneha bharI dRSTi se usakI ora dekhane lge| eka dUsare ko dekhakara anAyAsa hI donoM ke hRdaya meM prAnanda kI miyAM taraMgita hone lgiiN| bAlaka dvArA vandana kiye jAne ke pazcAt prAcAryazrI ne sneha-gadgad svara meM bAlaka se pUchA- "vatsa ! tuma kauna ho, kisake putra ho, kahAM se Aye ho aura kahAM jA rahe ho?" uttara meM bAlaka maNaka ne madhura svara meM kahA - "deva ! maiM rAjagRha nagara nivAsI vatsa gotrIya brAhmaNa sayyaMbhava bhaTTa kA putra huuN| merA nAma maNaka hai| maiM jisa samaya mAtA ke garbha meM thA, usI samaya mere pitA ghara-dvAra aura merI mAtA ke snehasUtra ko tor3akara zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita ho gye| maiM rAjagRha nagara se unheM aneka nagaroM aura grAmoM meM DhUMDhatA humA yahAM AyA hN| bhagavan yadi ! Apa mere pitAjI ko jAnate hoM to kRpA kara mujhe batAiye ki ve kahAM haiM ? mujhe yadi ve eka bAra mila jAyaM to maiM unake pAsa pravajyA grahaNa kara sadA ke liye unhIM ke caraNoM kI sevA meM rahanA cAhatA huuN|" bAlaka maNaka ke muMha se yaha sunakara prAcArya sayyaMbhava kI manodazA kira prakAra kI rahI hogI, yaha kevala anubhavagamya hI hai| samudra ke samAna gambhIra prAcArya sayayaMbhava ne pradarbhata dhairya ke sAtha sneha sanI nigUr3ha bhASA meM kahA - "mAyuSman vatsa ! maiM tumhAre pitA ko jAnatA huuN| ve kevala mana se hI nahIM apitu tana se bhI mujha se abhinna haiM / tuma mujhe unake tulya hI samajha kara mere pAsa pravajyA grahaNa kara lo|" maNaka sayyaMbhavasUri ke sAtha ho liyA aura sUri use apane sAtha lekara mAzraya sthAna kI ora lautte| upAzraya meM mAne para bAlaka maNaka ko jaba anya muniyoM se yaha jJAta humrA ki jinake sAtha vaha jaMgala se upAzraya meM pAyA hai, ve hI prAcArya sayyaMbhava haiM, to apane prAntarika prAnandAtireka ko binA kisI para prakaTa kiye vaha mana hI mana bar3A pramudita humA / bhaktivihvala evaM harSavibhora ho vaha apane pitA ke caraNoM para gira kara prArthanA karane lagA- "bhagavan ! mujhe zIghra hI zramaNa-dIkSA pradAna kIjiye, aba maiM mApase pRSaka nahIM rhuuNgaa|" bAlaka maNaka kI prabala bhAvanA dekhakara prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne bhI use sampUrNa sAvakha-viratirUpa zramaNadharma kI dIkSA pradAna kara dii| bAlaka maNaka jo kala taka khelakUda meM pramoda mAna rahAvA, pASa eka bAlarSi ke rUpa meM muktipatha kA saccA papika mana mayA / prAktama saMskAroM kA kitanA jabaradasta prabhAva hai ki upadeza aura rekhA kA bhI prAvazyakatA nahIM par3I?

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zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya sayyaM bhavasvAmI dazavekAlika kI racanA maraNaka ne dIkSita hokara jaba prAcArya sayyaMbhava ko zrAtmasamarpaNa kara diyA to ve mAMka ke prAtmakalyANa kI dizA meM vicAra karane lage / zrutajJAna meM upayoga lagA kara unhoMne dekhA ki isa bAlarSi kI prAyu kevala 6 mAsa kI hI pravaziSTa raha gaI hai / isa prati svalpa kAla meM bAlaka muni jJAna zrIrakriyA, donoM hI kA samyakrUpeNa ArAdhana kara ke kisa prakAra apanA zrAtmakalyANa sAdha sakatA hai isa para cintana karate hue prAcArya sayyaMbhava ko dhyAna prAyA ki "caturdaza pUrvo kA pAragAmI vidvAn muni yA 10 pUrvaghara kabhI vizeSa kAraNa ke upasthita hone kI dazA meM sva-para kalyANa kI kAmanA se pUrva zruta meM se prAvazyaka jJAna kA uddhAra kara sakate haiN| bAlaka muni maraNaka kA pralpa samaya meM prAtmakalyANa sampanna karane ke liye mere samakSa bhI yaha kAraNa hai isaliye mujhe bhI pUrvo meM se sAra grahaNa kara eka sUtra kI racanA karanI caahiye|" 316 yaha nizcaya kara prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne vibhinna pUrvo se sAra le kara daza pradhyayanoM vAle eka sUtra kI racanA kii| sAyaMkAla ke vikAla meM pUrNa kiye jAne ke kAraNa usa sUtra kA nAma dazavaikAlika rakhA gyaa| prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne svayaM maraNaka muni ko usakA adhyayana zraura dhyAnAdi kA abhyAsa kraayaa| muni maraNaka apanI vinayazIlatA, zrAjJA- pAlakatA aura jJAnaruci ke kAraNa prAcAryazrI kI kRpA se alpa samaya meM hI jJAna praura kriyA kA samyak zrArAdhaka bana gayA / prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne jaba maraNaka muni kA aMtima samaya sannikaTa dekhA, to unhoMne usakI antima prArAdhanA ke liye prAlocanAdi zrAvazyaka kriyAeM samyak rIti se sampanna krvaaiiN| maraNaka muni ne bhI 6 mAsa ke pratyalpa kAla ke nirmala zramadharma kI prArAdhanA ke pazcAt samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara svargagati prApta kI / maraNaka muni ke isa svalpakAlIna sAdhanA ke pazcAt sahasA dehatyAga para prAcArya satyabhava ko sahaja hI mAnasika kheda huA aura unake netroM se haThAt prazrukaraNa nikala pdd'e| jaba yazobhadra Adi munimaNDala ne vAlamuni maraNaka kI dehalIlA - samApti ke sAtha prAcArya sayyaMbhava ke mukhakamala ko mlAna zraura unake nayanoM meM du ko dekhA, to unheM bar3A Azcarya huA / unhoMne vinayapUrvaka apane gurudeva se pUchA - "bhagavan ! hamane prAja taka kabhI Apake mukhakamala para kiMcitamAtra bhI khinnatA nahIM dekhI para Aja sahasA zrApake nayanoM meM prazru bhara Ane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? prApa jaise paramavirAMgI evaM zokamukta mahAmuni ke mana meM kheda hone kA koI khAsa kAraNa honA cAhiye / kRpayA hamArI zaMkA dUra karane kA kaSTa kreN|" munisaMgha kI bAta suna kara zrAcArya sayyaMbhava ne maraNaka muni aura prapane bIca ke pitA-putra rUpa sambandha kA rahasya prakaTa karate hue batAyA- "isa bAlamuni ne itanI choTI vaya meM samyakjJAna ke sAtha nirmala cAritra kA pAlana kiyA aura sAdhanA ke madhya meM hI vaha paralokagamana kara gayA, isaliye merA hRdaya bhara prAyA / hotA, yaha kucha prAyu bala pA kara sAdhanA ko pUrNa kara pAtA / "

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320 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga prAcArya ke mukha se yaha jAna kara ki bAlaka muni maNaka unake guru kA putra thA, munimaNDala ko var3A pazcAttApa hayA aura unhoMne kahA - "bhagavan ! prApane itane samaya taka hameM isa bAta se ajJAta rakhA ki pApakA aura bAlaka muni maraNaka kA paraspara pitA-putra kA sambandha thaa| yadi hameM samaya para isa sambandha kA patA cala jAtA, to hama loga bhI apane guruputra kI sevA kA kucha na kucha lAbha avazya utthaate|" prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne kahA- "muniyo ! yadi Apa logoM ko bAlamuni kA mere sAtha putrarUpa sambandha jJAta ho jAtA to Apa loga maraNaka RSi se sevA nahIM karavAte aura vaha bhI isa prakAra prApake snehapUrNa vyavahAra ke kAraNa jyeSTha muniyoM kI sevA ke mahAna lAbha se vaMcita raha jaataa| ataH Apako isa bAta kA mana meM kheda nahIM karanA cAhiye / bAlamuni kI alpakAlIna prAyu ko dekha kara maiMne, jJAna aura kriyA kA vaha samyak prArAdhana kara sake, isa hetu pUrva-zruta se sAra nikAla kara eka choTe sUtra kI racanA kii| kArya sampanna ho jAne se aba maiM usa dazavakAlika sUtra kA punaH pUrvo meM saMvaraNa kara denA cAhatA huuN|" prAcArya sayyaMbhava kI bAta suna kara yazobhadra Adi muniyoM ne aura saMgha ne prAcAryazrI kI sevA meM vinayapUrvaka prArthanA kI - "pUjya ! maNaka mUni ke liye mApane jisa zAstra kI racanA kI hai, vaha Aja bhI mandamatI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke liye mAcAramArga kA jJAna-sampAdana karane ke liye upayogI hai aura bhaviSya meM hone vAle alpabuddhi sAdhu-sAdhvI bhI isake dvArA saMyamadharma kA jJAna prApta kara saralatA se sAdhanA kara sakeMge prataH kRpA kara Apa isa sUtra kA pUoM meM saMvaraNa na kara ise yathAvat rahane deN|" saMgha dvArA kI gaI prArthanA ko svIkAra kara AcArya sayyaMbhava ne "dazavaikAlika sUtra" ko yathAvat sthiti meM rahane diyaa| sayyaMbhavasvAmI ke isa kRpAprasAda ke phalasvarUpa prAja bhI sAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha dazavaikAlika sUtra se pUrA prAdhyAtmika lAbha uThA rahA hai| dazavakAlika sUtra ke daza adhyayana na kevala muniyoM ke liye apitu pratyeka sAdhaka ke liye pralaukika jyotirmaya pradIpastambha haiN| una adhyayanoM meM pratipAdita atyanta mahattvapUrNa AdhyAtmika viSayoM kA sAra rUpa meM vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : 1. dumapuSpaka nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma kA svarUpa pora mahattva batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH prArya saMskRti ke mUla siddhAntoM ko pAMca gAthAnoM meM sUtra rUpeNa grathita kara samartha prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne sAgara ko gAgara meM bhara diyA hai| 2. zrAmaNyapUrvaka nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana meM saMyama se vicalita mana ko sthira karane ke aMtaraMga evaM bahiraMga upAya batAye gaye haiN|

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dazavakAlika] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya sayaMmbhava svAmI 321 3. kSullakAcAra nAmaka tRtIya adhyayana meM sAdhu ke liye anAcaraNIya kAryoM kI tAlikA dI gaI hai| 4. paDjIvanikAya nAmaka caturtha adhyayana meM chaH prakAra ke jIvanikAya kA saMkSipta svarUpa aura unakI rakSA hetu yatanA kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / 5. piMDaiSaNA nAmaka paMcama adhyayana meM muniyoM kI prAhAravidhi evaM bhikSAviSayaka anya niyamoM kA vivecana do uddezakoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| 6. dharmArthakAma nAmaka chaThe adhyayana meM sAdhu ke AcAra dharma kA varNana karate hue 18 sthAnoM ke varjana kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| 7. vacanazuddhi nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana meM vANI aura bhASA ke bhedoM kA vizad varNana kara prasatya evaM doSapUrNa bhASA se bacakara satya aura nirdoSa vANI bole yaha batAyA gayA hai| 8. prAcAra praNidhAna nAmaka aSTama adhyayana meM muniyoM ke prAcAroM kA vargIkaraNa sannihita hai| 6. vinayasamAdhi nAmaka navama adhyayana meM cAra uddezakoM se vinaya dharma kI zikSA dI gaI hai tathA (1) vinayasamAdhi, (2) zrutasamAdhi, (3) tapasamAdhi aura (4) mAcArasamAdhi rUpa se samAdhi ke cAra kAraNa batalAye haiN| 10. "saH bhikSu" nAmaka dazama adhyayana meM - sAdhu-jIvana kA adhikArI kona hai, kisa prakAra siddhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai, isakA mAdhyama kyA hai mAdi Adarza sAdhu-jIvana kA sundara vizleSaNa sAragarbhita evaM sImita zabdAvali meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zavakAlika sUtra para naimittika prAcArya bhadrabAhasvAmI (zratakavalI bhadrabAhu se bhinna) dvArA racita niyukti ke atirikta aneka mahattvapUrNa TIkAeM aura vRttiyAM prAja bhI upalabdha haiN| prAtmadharma kA jitanA sundara, vyavasthita aura sarvAMgapUrNa vivecana dazavakAlika meM upalabdha hai, utanA anyatra eka hI sthAna meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| samasta zrutasAgara ke viloDana ke pazcAt prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne isa atyanta mahattvapUrNa prAgama kA guMphana kiyaa| isa sUtra ke adhyayana aura manana ko apane dainika jIvana meM pramukha sthAna dekara maNaka muni ne atIva svalpatare samaya meM dussAdhya munidharma kA samyak rIti se pArASana kiyA aura prAdhyAtmika patha para adbhuta pragati karate hue svargagamana kiyaa| prAcArya samyaMmava kA svargagamana prAcArya sayyaMbhava ne 28 varSa kI yuvA avasthA meM (vI0 ni0 saM0 64 meM) dIkSA grahaNa kI / ve 11 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu rahe aura 23 varSa taka yugapradhAnaprAcArya pada para rahakara unhoMne mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana kI bar3I tatparatA se sevA kii| manta meM apanA AyukAla sanikaTa samajhakara apane pramukha ziSya yazobhadra ko

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322 - jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sayyaMbhava kA sva. apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA aura anazana evaM samAdhipUrvaka vIra nirvANa saMvat 68 meM 62 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara Apane svargagamana kiyaa| digambara mAnyatA digambara paramparA ke granthoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM sayyaMbhava ke sthAna para nandimitra ko prAcArya mAnA gayA hai| prAcArya nandimitra kA bhI digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 5. prAcArya yazobhadra svAmI prAcArya sayyaMbhava ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paMcama paTTadhara zrI yazobhadra svAmI hue| ApakA vistRta jIvana-paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / nandI sthavirAvalI aura yuga pradhAna paTTAvalI Adi meM jo thor3A bahuta pagniya prApta hotA hai, usake AdhAra para yahAM bhI saMkSipta paricaya diyA jA rahA hai : prApakA janma taMgiyAyana gotrIya yAjJika brAhmaNa parivAra meM hmaa| Apane apanA adhyayanakAla pUrNa kara jaba taruNa avasthA meM praveza kiyA, taba sahasA prAcArya sayyaMbhava ke satsaMga kA prApako suyoga milA / prAcArya sayyaMbhava kI tyAgavirAga bharI vANI suna kara yazobhadra kI soI huI AtmA jaga utthii| unake mana kA moha dUra huA aura ve 22 varSa kI bhara taruNa avasthA meM sAMsArika mohamAyA kA parityAga kara prAcArya sayyaMbhava ke pAsa dIkSita ho muni bana gaye / 14 varSa taka niraMtara guru-sevA meM jJAna-dhyAna kI sAdhanA karate hue yazobhadra ne caturdaza pUrvo kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA aura guru-prAjJA se aneka prakAra kI tapasyA karate hue ve vidhivat saMyama dharma kA pAlana karate rahe / vIra ni0 saM0 68 meM prAcArya sayyaMbhava ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt prApa yugapradhAna prAcAryapada para AsIna hue / 50 varSa taka prAcArya pada para raha kara jinazAsana kI anupama sevA karate hue Apane vItarAga mArga kA pracAra evaM prasAra kiyaa| vIra nirvANa saM0 148 meM apane pazcAt zrI saMbhUtavijaya tathA bhadravAha ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kara pApa samAdhipUrvaka prAyu pUrNa kara svarga sidhaare|' prAcArya yazobhadra svAmI ne apane prAcAryakAla meM apane prabhAvazAlI upadezoM se bar3e-bar3e yAjJika vidvAnoM ko pratibodha de kara jainadharmAnurAgI banAyA / yaha , medhAvinI bhadrabAhasambhUtavijayo munii| * * caturdazapUrvadharo. tasya ziSyo babhUvatu : / / 3 / / sUri zrImAnyazobhadraH, zrutanidhyostayodayoH / svamAcAryakamAropya, paralokamasApayat // 4 // [pariziSTaparva, sarga 1]

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zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya yazobhadrasvAmI 323. Apa hI kI vicakSaNa pratibhA kA phala thA ki eka hI prAcArya ke zAsanakAla meM saMbhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu jaise do samartha ziSya caturdaza pUrvadhara-zrutakevalI bne| prAcArya yazobhadrasvAmI 22 varSa gRhastha paryAya meM rahe, 14 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya meM aura 50 varSa taka yugapradhAna-prAcAryarUpa se jina zAsana kI sevA meM nirata raha 86 varSa kI kula Ayu pUrNa kara vI0 ni0 saM0 148 meM svargavAsI hue / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt sudharmA svAmI se prAcArya yazobhadra taka jaina zramasaMgha meM eka hI prAcArya kI paramparA banI rhii| vAcanAcArya Adi rUpa se saMgha meM rahane vAle anya prAcArya bhI eka hI zAsana kI vyavasthA nibhAte rhe| prAcArya yazobhadra ne apane zAsanakAla taka isa paramparA ko samyakaperaNa surakSita rakhA, yaha aApakI khAsa vizeSatA hai| gurupadrAvalI meM prAcArya yazobhadra kA jIvanakAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : "tatpaTTe 5 zrI yazobhadra svAmI / sa ca 22 varSAriNa gRhe, 14 varSANi vrate, 50 varSANi yugapradhAnatve, sarvAyuH SaDaSiti (86) varSAriNa prapAlya zrI vIrAt 148 varSAnte svryyo|" paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 164 digambara ". digambara mAnyatA ke granthoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM tIsare zrutakevalI prAcArya yazobhadra ke sthAna para aparAjita ko tIsarA zruta-kevalI prAcArya mAnA gayA hai| ApakA bhI koI vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 6. zrI sambhUtavijaya prAcArya yazobhadra svAmI ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chaThe paTTadhara prAcArya zrI sambhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu svAmI hue| AcArya sambhUtavijaya kA vizeSa paricaya kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake sambandha meM kevala itanA hI jJAta hai ki ve mADhara gotrIya brAhmaNa the / tapAgaccha padrAvalI meM inake nAma kI vyutpati batAte hue likhA gayA hai - "padasamudAyopacArAt saMbhUteti zrI saMbhUtavijayaH bhddtti|" prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 66 meM humA / 42 varSa taka gRhavAsa meM rahane ke pazcAt AcArya yazobhadra ke upadeza se prApane vIra ni0 saM0 108 meM zramaraNa dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| Apane vizuddha zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karate hue prAcArya yazobhadra ke pAsa dvAdazAMgI kA samIcIna rUpa se adhyayana kara zratakevalI pada prApta kiyA / 40 varSa taka Apane sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM rahate hue jinazAsana kI sevA kI aura vIra nirvANa saMvat 148 se 156 taka prAcArya pada para

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324 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga rahate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha kA sucAru rUpa se saMcAlana kiyA / caturdaza pUrva ke jJAtA aura vAglabdhisampanna hone ke kAraNa zrApane apane upadezoM se praneka bhogIjanoM ko tyAgI -virAgI banAyA / zrArya sthUlabhadra jaise parama bhogI gRhastha prApake hI ziSya the, jinakI mahAn yogiyoM meM sarvaprathama gaNanA kI jAtI hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra Apake nimnalikhita mukhya sthavira ziSya aura ziSyAeM thIM : ziSya 1. naMdanabhadra, 2. upanaMdana bhadra, 3. tIsabhadda, 4 jasabhadda, 5. sumiraNabhadda, 6. maNibhadda, 7. puNyabhadda, 8. sthUlabhadra, 6. ujjumaI, 10. jambU, 11. dIhabhadda aura 12. paMDubhadda / ' ziSyAeM 1. jakkhA, 2. jakkhadiNNA, 3. bhUyA, 4. bhUyadiNNA, 5. seraNA, 6. veraNA zraura 7. reNA / ye sAtoM hI zrArya sthUlabhadra kI bahineM thIM / vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 156 meM prArya saMbhUtavijaya ne apanI zrAyu kA antima samaya sannikaTa jAnakara anazana kiyA aura samAdhipUrvaka svargagamana kiyA / yaha yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara prArya sudharmA se lekara prAcArya yazobhadra svAmI taka arthAt 5 paTTa taka zramaraNasaMgha meM eka prAcArya paramparA banI rahI / vAcanAcArya prAdi ke rUpa meM rahane vAle anya zrAcArya eka hI paTTadhara prAcArya ke tatvAvadhAna meM zAsana sevA kA kArya karate prAye the para prAcArya yazobhadra ne saMbhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAha nAmaka do zrutakevalI ziSyoM ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA / zrAvArya yazobhadra ne apane pazcAt do prAcAryoM kI paramparA kisa kAraNa prArambha kI, isake sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se to kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zramaraNasaMgha ke pratyadhika vistAra ko dekhakara saMgha kA saMcAlana samIcIna rUpa se ho sake, isI dRSTi se prAbhyaMtara praura bAhya saMcAlana kA kArya do alaga zrAcAryoM meM vibhakta kara do prAcAryoM kI paramparA pracalita kI ho / * itanA to nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hai ki prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya vI0 ni0 saM0 148 se 156 taka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana ke sarvesarvA zrAcArya rahe aura unake svargagamana ke pazcAt hI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne saMgha kI bAgaDora sampUrNa rUpa se apane hAtha meM smbhaalii| saMgha vastutaH do prAcAryoM kI niyukti ke pazcAt bhI 'naMvaraNabhavu 1 banaMdaNa-bhadde 2 taha tIsabhadde 3 jasabhadde / mere ya sumaraNabhadde 5 maNimadde ( gariNabhadde ) 6 puSNabhadde 7 ya / mere pUlama 8 maI 1 jaMtUnAMmavijje 10 ya / mere bIma 11 mere taha paMDubhadde 12 ya / / [ kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ]

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325 zrutakevalI-kAla : bhAcArya saMbhUtavijaya vI0ni0 saM0 148 se 156 taka prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya kA pAzAnuvartI aura 156 se 170 taka prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI prAjJA kA anuvartI rahA / aisI dazA meM yaha kalpanA karanA ki usa samaya jaina saMgha meM kisI prakAra ke matabheda kA bIjAropaNa ho cukA thA, nitAnta nirAdhAra kalpanA mAtra hI kahA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA digambara paramparA meM cauthA zrutakevalI prAcArya govardhana ko mAnA gayA hai| inakA bhI digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM koI vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 7. prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtaveM paTTadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI hue| mApakA janma pratiSThAnapura ke prAcIna gotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM vI0ni0 saM0 64 meM humaa| 45 varSa gRhasthAzrama meM rahane ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu ne vIra ni0 saM0 136 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAMcaveM paTTadhara prAcArya yazobhadrasvAmI ke pAsa nigraMtha zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| apane mahAn yazasvI guru yazobhadra kI sevA meM rahate hue mApane bar3I lagana ke sAtha sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana kiyA aura bhApa zrutakevalI bana gye| vIra ni0 saM0 148 meM prAcArya yazobhadrasvAmI ne svargagamana ke samaya zrI sambhUtavijaya ke sAtha-sAtha prApako bhI prAcArya pada para niyukta kiyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 148 se 156 taka apane bar3e gurubhAI prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya ke. prAcAryakAla meM Apane zikSArthI zramaNoM ko zrutazAstra kA pradhyApana karAne ke sAtha-sAtha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chaThe paTTadhara bhAcArya saMbhUtavijaya ke svargagamana ke pazcAt mApane vIra nirdhAraNa saMvat 156 meM saMgha ke saMcAlana kI bAgaDora pUrNarUpeNa apane hAtha meM sNbhaalii| prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa, vyavahAra paura nizItha- ina cAra cheda sUtroM kI racanA kara mumukhaM sAdhakoM para mahAn upakAra kiyaa| aneka pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM ne ina antima caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ko (1) prAcArAMga, (2) sUtrakRtAMga, (3) mAvazyaka, (4) dazavaikAlika, (5) uttarAdhyayana, (6) dazAzrutaskandha, (5) kalpa (8) vyavahAra, (9) sUryaprApti mora- (10) RSibhASita- ina daza sUtroM kA niyuktikAra, mahAn naimittika maura upasargaharastotra, bhadrabAhu saMhitA tathA savA lAkha pada vAle "vasudeva caritra" nAmaka grantha kA kartA bhI mAnA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM mAge yathAsthAna pramANa puraspara vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| prAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ne mArya sthUlabhadra jaise yogya zramaNazreSTha ko do vastu kama daza pUrvI kA sArtha sampUrNa jJAna aura prantima cAra pUrvo kA mUla speNa pApana dekara pUrva-jJAna ko naSTa hone se bcaayaa|

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. 326 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhadrabAhu kI mahimA __ AcArya bhadrabAhu apane samaya ke ghora tapasvI, mahAn dharmopadezaka, sakala zrutazAstra ke pAradRzvA aura udbhaTa vidvAn hone ke sAtha-sAtha mahAn yogI bhI the| Apane nirantara 12 varSa taka mahAprANa-ghyAna ke rUpa meM utkaTa yoga kI sAdhanA kii| isa prakAra kI dIrghakAlIna yogasAdhanA ke udAharaNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM virale hI upalabdha hote haiN| Apane vI0 ni0 saM0 156 se 170 taka ke 14 varSa ke prAcArya-kAla meM bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa kara jinazAsana kA pracAraprasAra aura utkarSa kiyaa| jaina zAsana meM bhadrabAhu kI mahimA Apako zvetAmbara tathA digambara' donoM paramparAoM dvArA pAMcaveM tathA antima zrutakevalI mAnA gayA hai| bhadrabAhu svAmI dvArA kI gaI saMgha evaM zruta kI utkaTa sevA ke kAraNa unakA sthAna jaina itihAsa meM bahuta UMcA hai / zrutazAstra viSayaka Apake dvArA nirmita kRtiyAM lagabhaga 23 zatAbdiyoM se prAja taka mumukSu sAdhakoM ke liye prakAzamAna dIpastambhoM kA kAma kara rahI haiN| zAsana-sevA aura apanI ina amUlya kRtiyoM ke kAraNa Apa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana ke eka mahAn jyotirdhara prAcArya ke rUpa meM sadA se sarvapriya aura vikhyAta rahe haiN| mumukSu sAdhakoM para kiye gaye isa upakAra ke prati apanI nissIma kRtajJatA prakaTa karate hue aneka prAcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ne ApakI bar3e bhAvapUrNa zabdoM meM stuti kI hai| bhadrabAhu ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM aMtima zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu kA jaina itihAsa meM bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| digambara AmnAya ke katipaya granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki aMtima zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvana ke antima caraNa meM hI digamvara tathA zvetAmbara-isa prakAra ke matabheda kA sUtrapAta ho cUkA thaa| isa dRSTi se bhI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvana-caritra kA eka bahuta bar3A aitihAsika ' sirigodameNa diNNaM suhammaraNAhassa tega jaMbussa / viNhu NaMdImitto tatto ya parAjido ya tatto // 43 // govaddharaNo ya tatto bhaddabhupro aMtakevalI kahiyo // 44 // [aMgapaNNattI] vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM, pAINaM crimsglsuynaarinn| suttassa kAragamisi, dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre // 1 // [dazAzrutaskandha-niyukti] yenaiSA piNDaniyuktiyuktiramyA vinimitaa| dvAdazAMgavide tasmai namaH zrI bhadrabAhave // [malayagiri piMDaniyukti TIkA] vaMdAmi bhahabAhuM jeraNa ya aIrasiyaM bahukalAkaliyaM / raiyaM savAyalakkhaM cariyaM vasudevarAyassa // [zAntinAtha caritra-maMgalAcaraNa] zrI kalpasUtramamRtaM vibudhopayogayogyaM jarAmaraNadAruNaduHkhahAri / yenoddhRtaM matimatA mathitAt zrutAbdheH, zrI bhadrabAhugurave praNato'smi tasmai / / [kSetrakIti-vRhatkalpa TIkA

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bha0 vi0 maanytaaeN| zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu mahatva hai| prAcArya bhadrabAha ke jIvanacaritra ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara ina donoM paramparAmoM meM to mAnyatAbheda hai hI para bhadrabAhu ke jIvanacaritra viSayaka donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM kA samIcInatayA adhyayana karane se eka bar3A Azcaryajanaka tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki na zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM prAcArya bhadrabAha ke jIvanacaritra ke sambandha meM mataikya hai aura na digambara paramparA ke pranthoM meM hii| bhadrabAha ke jIvana sambandhI donoM paramparAoM ke vibhinna granthoM ko par3hane se eka nippakSa vyakti ko spaSTa rUpa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki saMbhavataH donoM paramparAmoM ke aneka granthoM meM bhadrabAha nAma vAle do-tIna prAcAryoM ke jIvana caritroM kI ghaTanAoM ko gaDDa-mahu kara ke antima caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke jIvanacaritra ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA hai / pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM dvArA likhe gaye kucha granthoM kA, unase pUrvavartI prAcAryoM dvArA likhita granthoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para yaha spaSTarUpeNa AbhAsita hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu ke caritra meM pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM ne apanI kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para kucha ghaTanAoM ko jor3A hai| unhoMne aisA apanI mAnyatAoM ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa banAne ke abhiprAya se kiyA athavA aura kisI dRSTi se kiyA, yaha nirNaya to tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke pazcAt pAThaka svayaM hI niSpakSa buddhi se kara sakate haiN| isa prakAra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zodhArthiyoM evaM itihAsa meM ruci rakhane vAle vijJoM ke liye lAbhaprada hone ke sAtha-sAtha vAstavikatA ko khoja nikAlane meM sahAyaka siddha hogA, isa dRSTi se zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAmoM ke granthoM meM bhadrabAha se sambandhita jo sAmagrI upalabdha hai, usameM se prAvazyaka sAmagrI yahAM prastuta kI jA rahI hai / vrata-paryAya se pUrva kA jIvana / yoM to pravrajyA grahaNa se pUrva kA bhadravAha kA jIvana-paricaya zvetAmvara aura digambara - donoM hI paramparAoM ke granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai kintu vaha sambandhita ghaTanAcakra aura tathyoM kI kasauTI para kasane se kharA nahIM utrtaa| aisI dazA meM bhadrabAha ke gRhastha jIvana ke paricaya ke rUpa meM nizcita rUpa se kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakA janma vIra ni0 saMvat 64 meM huaa| Apa prAcIna gotrIya brAhmaNa the aura Apane 44 varSa kI avasthA meM prAcArya yazobhadra svAmI ke upadeza se pratibodha pA kara bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| zvetAmbara paramparAgata paricaya dIkSA grahaNa ke pazcAt kA prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA jIvana-paricaya vityogAliyapainnA, AvazyakariNa prAdi granthoM meM ati saMkSipta evaM pratisvalpa mAtrA meM milatA hai| dIkSA-grahaNa se pUrva kA bhadrabAhu kA jIvanavRtta "gacyAcAra patrA" kI gAthA 82 kI TIkA meM, prabandha cintAmariNa meM tathA rAjazekharasUri kata prabandhakoza mAdi arvAcIna granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / jo kramazaH isa prakAra hai:

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328 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [ve0 paraM0 paricaya titthogAliyapainnA ke anusAraH - lagabhaga vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika kAla meM racita "titthogAliyapaiNNA" nAmaka prAcIna grantha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se ullekha upalabdha hotA hai : ____ "prAcArya zrI sayyaMbhava ke sarvaguNa sampanna ziSya jasabhadra he| jasabhadra ke ziSya yazasvI kula meM utpanna zrI saMbhUta hue / tadanantara sAtaveM AcArya zrI bhadrabAhu hue, jinakA bhAla prazasta evaM unnata tathA bhujAeM AjAnu thIM / ve dharmabhadra ke nAma se bhI prakhyAta the| prAcArya bhadrabAhu caturdaza pUrvadhara the| unhoMne bAraha varSa taka yoga kI sAdhanA kI aura (suttattheNa nibandhai atthaM ajjhayaNabandhassa) chedasUtroM kI racanA kii| usa samaya madhyapradeza meM bhayaMkara anAvRSTi ke kAraNa duSkAla pdd'aa| vratapAlana meM kahIM kisI prakAra kA kiMcitmAtra bhI doSa na laga jAya athavA kisI prakAra karmabandha na ho jAya- isa AzaMkA se aneka dharmabhIru sAdhuoM ne atyanta duSkara AmaraNa anazana kI pratijJAeM kI aura saMlekhanA kara samAdhipUrvaka prAraNatyAga kiye| avaziSTa sAdhunoM ne anyAnya prAntoM kI ora prasthAna kara samudra aura nadiyoM ke taTavartI kSetroM meM virakta bhAva se vicaraNa karanA prArambha kiyaa| prA0 bhadrabAhu nepAla padhAre aura vahAM yoga sAdhanA meM nirata ho gye| dubhikSa ke samApta hone para avaziSTa sAdhu punaH madhyapradeza kI ora lauTe / "titthogAliyapaiNNA" meM uparyullikhita ke pazcAt pATalIputra meM huI prathama AgamavAcanA, sAdhuoM ko caudaha pUrvo kI vAcanA dene kI prArthanA ke sAtha saMgha dvArA sAdhuoM ke eka saMghATaka kA bhadrabAhusvAmI kI sevA meM nepAla bhejanA, bhadrabAhusvAmI dvArA prathamataH saMgha kI prArthanA ko asvIkAra karanA aura antatogatvA saMbhogaviccheda kI saMghAjJA ke sammukha bhUka kara sthUlabhadra Adi sAdhunoM ko vAcanA denA, sthUlabhadra dvArA pATalIputra meM yakSA Adi AryAoM ke samakSa apane vidyA pradarzana ke kAraNa prAcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA unheM antima cAra pUrvo kI vAcanA na dene kA saMkalpa, saMgha dvArA sthUlabhadra ke aparAdha ko kSamA kara vAcanA dene kI prArthanA, prAcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA cAra pUrvo kI vAcanA na dene ke kAraNoM para prakAza aura antatogatvA kevala mUlarUpa se antima cAra pUrvo kI bhadrabAhu dvArA Arya sthUlabhadra ko vAcanA dene Adi kA.ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha saba vivaraNa sthUlabhadrasvAmI ke prakaraNa meM yathAsthAna diyA jA rahA hai / pAvazyakariNa AvazyakacUrSiNa meM bhadrabAhu viSayaka titthogAliyapaiNNA meM ullikhita uparokta tathyoM meM se kucha kA ati saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ' titthogAliyapaiNNA, gAthAsaMkhyA 700 se 800 ke bIca kI gAthAeM 2 mAvazyakacUriNa, bhAga 2, pR0 187

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326 zve. paraM0 paricaya) zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu gacchAcAra painnA, doghaTTIvRtti yoM to zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM prAcArya bhadrabAha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA thor3A bahuta ullekha upalabdha hotA hai para gacchAcAra painnA kI gAthA saMkhyA 82 kI TIkA meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA gRhastha jIvana se lekara svargArohaNa taka kA thor3e vistAra ke sAtha jIvana-paricaya diyA huA hai / usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : ___"parama samRddha mahArASTra pradeza meM zrIpratiSThAna nAmaka eka nagara thaa| vahA~ caturdaza vidyAoM meM pAraMgata, SaTkarmamarmajJa aura prakRti se bhadra eka bhadrabAhu nAmaka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usake sahodara kA nAma varAhamihira thA, jo use paramapriya thaa| eka dina vahAM caturdazapUrvadhara evaM mahAn tatvajJa yAcArya zrIyazobhadrasvAmI kA.padhAranA huaa| __yazobhadrasvAmI ke paramavairAgyotpAdaka upadeza ko sunakara paMDita bhadrabAhu ko saMsAra meM virakti ho gii| unhoMne apane anuja varAhamihira se kahA"vatsa ! mujhe bhavabhramaNa se virakti ho gaI hai ataH maiM ina gurudeva kI caraNazaraNa meM dIkSita ho nirdoSa saMyama kA pAlana karanA cAhatA huuN| tuma ghara lauTa kara sAvadhAnIpUrvaka apane ghara kA kArya smhaalo|" isa para varAhamihira ne uttara diyA- "bhaiyA ! Apa yadi saMsAra sAgara ko taira kara pAra karanA cAhate haiM, to phira maiM TUTI huI naiyA ke nAvika kI taraha bhavAbdhi meM kyoM DUbUMgA? zarkarAmizrita khIra yadi brAhmaNa ko mIThI lagatI hai, to kyA vaha brAhmaNetara janoM ko mIThI nahIM lagegI ?" bhadrabAhu ne yaha soca kara ki yaha kahIM bhavATavI meM bhaTakatA hI na raha jAya, varAhamihira ko apane sAtha pravajita hone kI anumati pradAna kara dI aura donoM bhAI samartha prAcArya yazobhadrasvAmI ke pAsa pravajita ho gye| jJAna aura cAritra kI zikSA grahaNa kara bhadrabAhu ne apane guru ke pAsa kramazaH mUla, artha aura rahasya sahita dvAdazAMgI kA adhyayana kiyA aura ve caturdazapUrvadhara ho samasta zramaNa saMgha meM cUr3AmaNi kI taraha suzobhita hone lge| prAcArya yazobhadrasUri ke pramukha ziSya kA nAma AyaM saMbhUtavijaya thA, jo caturdaza pUrvaghara aura anupama cAritravAn the| apane jIvana kA antima samaya sanikaTa samajha kara prAcArya yazobhadrasUri ne apane donoM suyogya praura zrutakevalI ziSyoM-saMbhUtavijaya aura bhadrabAhu ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para pratiSThApita kara saMlekhanA kI aura kucha dinoM pazcAt samAdhipUrvaka svargagamana kiyaa| ___prAcArya yazobhadra ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt saMbhUtavijaya paura bhadrabAhu-ye donoM prAcArya candra aura sUrya kI taraha apanI jJAnarazmiyoM se prajJAna-timira kA nAza karate hue aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lge|

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330 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zve0 paraM0 paricaya udhara vaha alpamati varAhamihira muni candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti Adi kucha granthoM kA adhyayana kara ahaMkAra se abhibhUta ho prAcArya-pada prApta karane kI abhilASA karane lgaa| kintu AcAryadvaya ne apane jJAna bala se use isa pada ke ayogya samajhA aura : bUDho gaNaharasaddo, goyamamAIhiM dhIrapurisehiM / jo taM Thavai apatte, jAraNaMto so mahApAvo / / arthAt - gaNadhara jaise garimAmaya pada ko gautama Adi dhIra-gambhIra mahApuruSoM ne vahana kiyA hai| aise mahAna pada para yadi koI jAnabUjha kara kisI apAtra ko niyukta kara detA hai, to vaha ghorAtighora pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai| isa prAptavacana ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue unhoMne varAhamihira ko gaNadhara pada kA adhikArI nahIM bnaayaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa muni varAhamihira mana hI mana apane jyeSTha bhrAtA AcArya bhadravAhu ke prati ghora vidveSa rakhane lagA aura usane ise apanA ghora apamAna samajha kara sadA ke liye unakA sAtha chor3ane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| tIvra kaSAya aura mithyAtva ke udaya se usane bAraha varSa ke sAdhu-jIvana kA parityAga kara punaH gArhasthya jIvana svIkAra kara liyaa| candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti Adi prAgamagranthoM se sAra grahaNa kara usane varAhIsaMhitA nAmaka savAlakSa pada pramAraNa jyotiSa grantha kI racanA kii| vaha dravyAnuyoga evaM anya aMgopAMgoM meM se maMtra grahaNa kara, unake prayoga se dhanI-mAnI logoM kA manoraMjana karane lgaa| ___ varAhamihira ne sarvatra sammAna pAne kI abhilASA se apane bhole bhakta logoM ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra kA mithyA pracAra karanA prArambha kiyA ki vaha 12 varSa taka sUryamaNDala meM raha kara pAyA hai| vahAM svayaM sUrya bhagavAn ne samasta grahamaNDala ke udayAsta, gati, sthiti, phala Adi ko pratyakSa dikhA-dikhA kara use jyotiSa-vidyA kI sampUrNa zikSA pradAna kii| jyotiSa-vidyA meM pAraMgata vanA kara sUrya bhagavAna ne use martyaloka meM bhejA hai| sUryamaNDala se pRthvI para pAkara usane jyotiSa-zAstra kI racanA kI hai| dhUrta bhaktoM ke mAdhyama se yaha kapolakalpita kathAnaka logoM meM zIghra hI phaila gayA aura isa prakAra varAhamihira kI sarvatra var3I pratiSThA hone lgii| isa prakAra kI lokaprasiddhi se prabhAvita ho pratiSThAnapura ke mahArAjA ne varAhamihira ko apane rAjapurohita ke pada para pratiSThApita kara diyaa| rAjya se pratiSThA pAne ke anantara to varAhamihira kI kIrti digdigantavyApinI ho gii| unhIM dinoM vividha kSetroM ke bhavyajanoM ko jina-vacanAmRta se tRpta karate hue prAcArya bhadrabAha pratiSThAnapura ke bahistha udyAna meM pdhaare| unake prAgamana kA samAcAra sunakara pratiSThAnapura ke narendra apane purajana parijana sahita unakA vandana evaM upadeza zravaNa karane hetu udyAna meM phuNce| rAjapurohita varAhamihira

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zve0 paraM0 paricaya] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 331 bhI rAjA ke sAtha thA / usI samaya eka puruSa ne vahAM upasthita ho mahArAja ke samakSa hI varAhamihira ko harSabharA zubha-saMvAda sunagayA- "deva ! abhI-abhI prApake yahAM putraratna kA janma huA hai|" yaha harSaprada sandeza suna kara mahArAja na prasanna ho samAcAra lAne vAle vyakti ko acchA pAritoSika diyA aura purohita se prazna kiyA- "purohitajI! yaha batAiye ki yaha tumhArA putra kina-kina vidyAnoM meM pAraMgata aura kitanI AyuSya vAlA hogA ? isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI batAiye ki yaha hamAre dvArA sammAnita hogA athavA nahIM ? Aja to parama saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki sarvajJaputra evaM zatru tathA mitra ke prati samAna vyavahAra rakhane vAle zrI bhadrabAhu aura samasta jyotiScakra ko sUkSma se sUkSma gati evaM usake pariNAma ke jJAtA tuma jaise jyotiSa-zAstra ke pAragAmI vidvAn yahAM vidyamAna haiN| ataH donoM vidvaziromaNi vicAra kara khiye|" nija capala svabhAvavaza varAhamihira ne apane pANDitya kI utkRSTatA kA pradarzana karate hue kahA- "mahArAja! isa navajAta zizu ke janmakAla, lagna, grahamAdi para vicAra karane ke pazcAt meM yaha kahane kI sthiti meM hUM ki yaha bAlaka zatAyu, Apake dvArA tathA Apake putroM evaM pautroM dvArA bhI pUjita aura aThAraha vidyAmoM kA pAraMgata vidvAn hogaa|" - jaina siddhAnta meM nimitta-kathana kA niSedha hai phira bhI rAjA aura upasthita anya paurajanoM ke anurodha se, roganivAraNArtha kaTU auSadha kA pilAnA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai, isa vicAra se gItArthaziromaNi AcArya / bhadrabAha ne batAyA ki sAtaveM dina ke anta meM isa bAlaka kI viDAla se mRtyu ho jaaygii| yaha suna kara varAhamihira bar3A kruddha huA / usane mahArAja se prArthanA kI ki yadi bhadrabAhu kA kathana asatya siddha ho to inako koI kaThora daNDa diyA jAya / ghara pahuMca kara varAhamihira ne apane ghara ke cAroM ora sainikoM kA kar3A paharA lagA diyaa| sUtikAgRha meM sabhI Avazyaka sAmagrI kA samucita prabandha karane ke pazcAt putra kI rakSArtha dhAtrI ko niyukta kara diyA / tadanantara viDAla ke saMcAra ko rokane hetu sUtikAgRha ke dvAra ko andara kI ora se banda karavAkara varAhamihira svayaM sUtikAgRha para aharniza paharA dene lgaa| ___ isa prakAra ke kaDe surakSA prabandhoM ke bIca sAtavAM dina mA upasthita haa| jyoM-jyoM AzaMkita saMkaTa kI ghar3I sannikaTa AtI gaI tyoM-tyoM surakSA ke prabandha aura adhika kar3e kiye jAne lage aura adhikAdhika sAvadhAnI baratI jAne lgii| sAtaveM dina ke samApta hote-hote akasmAt sUtikAgraha ke sudRr3ha kapAToM kI viDAlamukhI bhArI argalA bAlaka ke Upara girI aura usake prahAra se vaha nanhA sA bAlaka tatkAla prANavihIna ho gyaa| sAre ghara meM kuharAma maca gyaa| varAhamihira karaNa Rdana karate hue kahane lagA- "hAyare deva ! tumhArI gati

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332 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zve. paraM0 paricaya vicitra hai, jo tumane apane hAtha se kalpavRkSa boyA thA, use madonmatta hAthI kI taraha eka hI kSaNa meM ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyaa|" rAjA aura prajA-sabhI yaha jAnane ko utsuka the ki kisa kI bhaviSyavANI satya nikalatI hai / purohitaputra kI mRtyu kA samAcAra tatkSaNa vana meM lagI agni kI taraha sAre nagara meM phaila gyaa| pratiSThAnapura ke narendra ne varAhamihira ke ghara pahuMca kara use zAnta kiyA aura kahA- "mahAmuni bhadrabAhu ne bAlaka ke maraNa kI bAta kahI, vaha to satya siddha ho gaI para unhoMne jo maraNa kA hetu batAyA thA vaha sambhavataH satya nahIM nikalA hai|" dhAtrI se bAlaka kI mRtyu kA kAraNa pUchA gayA to usane rote hue usa prargalA ko uThA kara mahArAja ke sammukha prastuta kara diyA / argalA ke mukha para utkIrNa kI huI viDAla kI prAkRti ko dekha kara mahArAja pAzcaryAbhibhUta ho bArambAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI mahimA karate hue kahane lage- "dhanya hai ina sarvajJatulya zvetAmbara mahAmuni kI adbhuta jJAna-garimA mIra unake satya bhaviSya-kathana ko|" bhaviSyavANI kI zatapratizata satyatA se camatkRta ho pratiSThAnapurapati tatkAla varAhamihira ke ghara se prasthAna kara prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM pahuMce aura unheM bhaktipUrvaka praNAma kara pUchA - "bhagavan ! purohita ke vacana kisa kAraNa se bhUTha siddha hue ?" uttara meM prAcArya bhadrabAha ne pharamAyA- "rAjana ! usa gurudrohI ne vratoM ko grahaNa kara ke bhI apanI pratijJA ko bhaMga kara prApakA paurohitya svIkAra kara liyaa| isI kAraNa usake vacana prasatya siddha hue / rAjan ! jo vacana sarvaza prabhu dvArA praNIta hai vaha to yuga-yugAntara meM bhI satya hI siddha hotA hai|" bhadravAha svAmI kI bAta suna kara pratiSThAnapati ko vAstavika tathya kA bodha ho gayA aura ve pazcAttApa bhare svara meM bhadrabAhu svAmI se nivedana karane lage-- "mahAmune! maiMne mithyAtvarUpI dhatUre ke naze meM cUra ho saMsAra kI saba vastuoM ko svarNamaya samajhate hue apanA nizzeSa manuSya jIvana vyartha hI kho diyA / prabho! aba prApa mujhe kupA kara aisI zikSA dIjiye, jisase meM kRtakRtya ho skuu|" rAjA kI prArthanA para bhadrabAhu ne use durgatinivAraNa kalyANakArI sacce dharma kA upadeza diyA, jise rAjA ne hRdayaMgama evaM zirodhArya karate hue purohita ke mata kA parityAga kara jaina dharma svIkAra kiyaa| isa duHkhada ghaTanA ke pazcAt loga varAhamihira kA upahAsa karane lage aura vaha bhI putramaraNa ke zoka evaM logoM meM phailI apanI apakIti ke kAraNa saMsAra se virakta ho parivrAjaka bana gyaa| vaha prajJAnavaza kevala kAyA ko kleza pahuMcAne vAlA tapa karane lagA aura anta meM apane antara ke pApa-zalya kA prAyazcitta kiye binA hI mara kara hIna Rddhi vAlA vANavyantara deva humA / usane vibhaMgajJAna se apane pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta jJAta kara jinazAsana se apane pUrvavara kA

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zve. paraM0 paricaya] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 333 badalA lene kI ThAnI aura janasaMgha ko aneka prakAra ke ghora upasarga diye / vyantarakRta upasargoM ko apane jJAnabala se jAna kara prAcAraniSTha zramaNoM ne bhadrabAhu svAmI ko sArI sthiti se avagata kraayaa| bhadrabAha svAmI ne zramaraNasaMgha ke kaSTa kA nivAraNa karane hetu mahAn camatkArI "uvasaggahara stotra" kI racanA kara usakA pATha svayaM ne bhI kiyA aura samasta zramaNasaMgha se bhI usa stotra kA pATha krvaayaa| usa stotra ke prabhAva se vyaMtarakRta sArA upadrava sadA ke liye zAnta ho gyaa| yugapradhAna prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne prAcArAMga Adi daza sUtroM para niyuktiyoM kI racanA kara jinazAsana kI bar3I prabhAvanA kI aura paMcama tathA antima zratakevalI ke rUpa meM prAcAryapada kA vahana karate hue anta meM anazanapUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa|' prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra prabandha cintAmaNi nAmaka grantha meM bhadrabAhu aura varAhamihira kA jo paricaya ullikhita hai vaha gacchAcAra prakIrNaka kI TokA meM diye gaye paricaya se lagabhaga milatA-julatA hI hai| (prabandha cintAmariNa meM) jo vibhinnatA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai (1) isameM varAhamihira ko pATalIputra kA nivAsI, bhadrabAhu kA jyeSTha bhrAtA aura rAjA nanda dvArA pratiSThAprApta naimittika batAyA gayA hai|| (2) isameM ullekha hai ki varAhamihira ko, putrajanmotsava ke samaya usake ghara para jana-sAdhAraNa se lekara svayaM nandarAjA ke upasthita hone para bhI apane choTe bhAI bhadrabAhu kA na AnA bar3A khaTakA aura usane zraddhAlu zrAvaka zakaDAla ko bhadrabAhu kI anupasthiti ke liye upAlambha diyaa| zakaDAla maMtrI dvArA varAhamihira kI aprasannatA kI bAta sunakara bhadrabAha ne kahA ki do bAra kaSTa karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? jisa navajAta zizu kI varAhamihira bhramavaza sau varSa kI Ayu batA rahA hai, vaha vastutaH bIsaveM dina bilAva se mRtyu ko prApta ho jAyagA / zakaDAla maMtrI ke mukha se bhAvI saMkaTa kI sUcanA pAkara varAhamihira ne bAlaka kI surakSA kA samucita prabandha kiyA kintu kapATa kI lohArgalA jisa para ki viDAla kI prAkRti aMkita thI, ke girane se bAlaka kI bIsaveM dina mRtyu ho gii| prabandha cintAmaNi meM varAhamihira ke dIkSita hone, 12 varSa taka zrAmaNyaparyAya ke pAlana karane, prAcAryapada na milane ke kAraNa ruSTa ho zramaNatva kA - "bhatyi siribharavariThe..." pahajuguppahANAgamo siribhaddabAhusvAmI-pApAraMga (1), sUyagaDaMga (2), pAvassaya (3), dasarvayAliya (4), uttarajjhayaNa (5), dasA (6), kappa (7), vavahAra (8), sUriyapannati uvaMga (6), risibhAsiyAraNaM (10), dasa nijjuttIpo kAUNa jigNasAsaraNaM paMcamasuyakevaliyapayamaNuhaviUraNa ya samae praNasaNavihANaNaM tidasAvAsaM patto ti / " [gacchAcAra paiNNA, 2 adhi0 va kalpa] .. ..........

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334 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prabaMdha cintA 0 ke anu0 parityAga karane aura bhadrabAhu dvArA 10 niyuktiyoM kI racanA karane kA ullekha nahIM hai, jabaki isameM ina bhadrabAhu ko caturdaza pUrvadhara batAyA gayA hai / prabandhakoza ke anusAra rAjazekharasUrikRta prabandhakoza meM bhadrabAhu aura varAhamihira ke pratiSThAnapura nivAsI nirdhana, nirAzrita para vidvAn brAhmaNa hone, yazobhadrasUri ke upadeza se virakta evaM dainya-duHkha se pravajita hone, bhadrabAhu ke caturdaza pUrvadhara banane evaM unake dvArA 10 niyuktiyoM kI racanA kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / isameM varAhamihira ke ruSTa ho pratiSThAnapura ke rAjA jitazatru kA paurohitya svIkAra karane taka kA sArA vivaraNa doghaTTI vRtti meM diye gaye vivaraNa se milatA-julatA hai| isameM vizeSa bAta yaha batAI gaI hai ki rAjapurohita kA pada mila jAne para varAhamihira ne garvonmatta ho zvetAmbaroM kI nindA aura gardA karanI prArambha kara dii| vaha prAyaH yahI kahatA ki ye becAre kAka-tulya zvetAmbara kucha nahIM jAnate, kevala makkhiyoM kI taraha bhinabhinAte aura malIna vastra dhAraNa kiye apanA jIvana naSTa karate haiN| isase kruddha ho zrAvakoM ne bhadrabAhu se pratiSThAnapura prAne kI prArthanA kI aura unake padhArane para nagarapraveza kA bar3A bhavya mahotsava kiyaa| bhadrabAha ke Agamana para vaha unakA kucha bhI apakAra nahIM kara skaa| unhIM dinoM varAhamihira ko putra kI prApti huii| putra-janma kI khuzI meM usane prasanna ho apAra dhanarAzi vyaya kii| nAgarikoM ne use badhAiyAM diiN| jitazatru rAjA va rAjasabhA ke samakSa usane apane jyotiSa ke jJAna-bala para bhaviSyavAraNI kI ki usakA putra zatAyu hogaa| varAhamihira ne eka dina. rAjasabhA meM kahA- "samasta paurajana putrajanma ke upalakSa meM mujhe badhAI dene Aye para bhadrabAhu mere sahodara hote hue bhI mere yahAM nahIM aaye| zrAvakoM ne prAcArya bhadrabAhu ko isakI sUcanA dI aura unase prArthanA kI ki ve eka bAra usake ghara para avazya padhAreM, vyartha hI usake krodha ko na bddh'aaveN| isa para bhadrabAhu ne kahA ki do bAra kaSTa karane se kyA lAbha ? kyoMki sAtavIM rAtri meM billI ke dvArA isa bAlaka kI mRtyu ho jaaygii| bhadrabAhu dvArA kathita bhAvI aniSTa kI sUcanA pA, varAhamihira ne apane putra kI surakSA kA bar3A kar3A prabandha kiyA para sAtavIM rAtri meM kapATa kI argalA ke gira jAne se bAlaka kI mRtyu ho gii| putra kI mRtyu ke zoka se saMtapta varAhamihira ko bhadrabAhu ne "zokopanodo dharmAcAryaH' - isa ukti ke anusAra sAntvanA denA Avazyaka samajhA aura ve usake ghara gye| varAhamihira ne uThakara bhadrabAhu ke prati sammAna prakaTa karate hue kahA- "prAcAryajI ! ApakA jJAna aura kathana satya siddha hayA para bacce kI mRtyU Apake kathanAnusAra billI se na hokara Agala se haI hai|"

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prabandhakoza ke anusAra] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu isa para bhadrabAhu ne kahA - "bhadra ! hama loga kabhI asatya bhASaNa nahIM krte| acchI taraha se dekho, usa lohe kI argalA ke agrabhAga para billI kA rekhAMkita citra hai| varAhamihira ne dekhA ki vastutaH pAgala ke agrabhAga para billI kA citra khudA huA hai / tadananlara usane kahA - "putra kI mRtyu ke zoka se mujhe utanA kaSTa nahIM ho rahA hai, jitanA ki rAjA ke samakSa mere dvArA kI gaI apane putra ke zatAyu hone kI bhaviSyavANI ke asatya siddha hone se| dhikkAra hai ina merI saba pustakoM ko, jina para vizvAsa karake maiMne bhaviSyavANI kii| ye saba pustakeM asatya haiN| maiM ina saba ko abhI naSTa kiye. detA huuN|" yaha kahate hue varAhamihira apanI saba pustakoM ko jala se bhare kuDoM meM DAlane ke liye udyata huprA / bhadrabAha ne use rokate hue kahA - "tumane apane pramAda ke kAraNa jJAna ko kaluSita kiyA hai, ina pustakoM para tuma vyartha hI kupita hote ho| ye pustakeM to sarvajJabhASita bAtoM ko hI prakaTa karatI haiN| vastutaH inake jJAtA loga hI durlabha haiN| dekho tumane bhaviSya-kathana ke samaya amuka-amuka sthAna para mativibhrama ke kAraNa truTi kI hai| ataH tuma ina pustakoM kI nahIM pratyuta apanI svayaM kI nindA kro| tuma apane pANDitya ke mada meM madonmatta ho gaye ho / pramatta puruSa meM sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karane kI kSamatA nahIM rhtii| aparAdha tumhArA hI hai, na ki ina pustakoM kA prataH ina pustakoM ko vinaSTa mata kro|" - bhadrabAhu kI bAta sunakara barAhamihira kiMkartavyavimUr3ha kI taraha zokamagna mudrA meM eka ora baiTha gyaa| varAhamihira kI yaha sthiti dekhakara eka zrAvaka bolA- "vaha rAtri vyatIta ho cukI jisameM tumhAre jaise khadyota bhI TimaTimA kara prakAza karane kA dama bharate the| aba to sUrya kI prakhara kiraNoM se dazoM dizAoM ko prakAzamAna karatA huA divasa A gayA hai / isa divasa meM tumhAre jaise khadyotoM kI to sAmarthya hI kyA svayaM nizAnAtha candramA kA bhI kahIM patA nahIM hai|" yaha kahakara vaha zrAvaka tatkAla vahAM se cala diyaa| varAhamihira ko mana hI mana asahya pIr3A kA anubhava huaa| usI samaya pratiSThAnapura ke mahArAja varAhamihira ke ghara para Aye aura zokasantapta varAhamihira ko sAntvanA dete hue unhoMne kahA - "purohitarAja ! isa prakAra zokasAgara meM nimagna na homo, yaha to saMsAra kA aTala niyama hai ki eka pAtA hai aura calA jAtA hai|" usI samaya eka mantrI ne rAjA se nivedana kiyA - "mahArAja ! ye AcAryazrI inhIM dinoM yahAM padhAre haiN| inhoMne ho varAhamihira ke navajAta zizu kI prAyu sAta dina kI vatAI thii| ApakA nAma grAcArya bhadravAha hai| aApakI bhaviSyavANI vastutaH satya siddha huii|" ___yaha sunakara duHkhI varAhamihira aura adhika duHkhI huaaa| rAjA ne zrAvakadharma grahaNa kiyA aura tadanantara saba apane-apane sthAna ko lauTa gaye /

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336 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prabaMdhakoza ke anusAra apane apamAna se saMtrasta varAhamihira ne punaH bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura pratyugra tapa karane lgaa| anta meM varAhamihira mara kara jainadharma kA vidveSI vyantara deva hupraa| vaha vyantara bahuta kucha prayatna karane para bhI sAdhuoM kA kisI prakAra kA apakAra na kara sakA kyoMki tapopUta mahAtmAoM ke vajopama tapa-kavaca para kisI bhI prakAra ke aniSTa kA kiMcitmAtra bhI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| ataH vaha vyantara zrAvakoM ko aneka prakAra ke rogoM aura upadravoM se pIr3ita karane lgaa| zrAvakoM ne AcArya bhadrabAha ke samakSa apanI duHkhagAthAeM rakhate hue unase rakSA kI prArthanA kii| isa para prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne zrAvakoM ko prAzvasta karate hue kahA ki unheM Darane kI prAvazyakatA nahIM hai / vyantara rUpa se utpanna huA varAhamihira pUrvavaira ke kAraNa unheM kaSTa de rahA hai| vaha to sAdhAraNa koTi kA vyantara jAti kA deva hai, AvazyakatA par3ane para ve vajrapANi (indra) se bhI apane bhaktoM kI rakSA kareMge / tadanantara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne pUrvo se uddhata kara "uvasaggaharaM pAsaM"isa pada se prArambha hone vAlI pAMca gAthAnoM kA eka stotra banA kara logoM ko sikhaayaa| usa upasargahara stotra ke pATha ke prabhAva se tatkAla vyantarakRta saba upasarga zAnta ho gaye aura sarvatra zAnti kA sAmrAjya vyApta ho gyaa| kaSTanivAraNArtha Aja bhI loga usa stotrarAja kA pATha karate haiN| vastutaH vaha adbhuta cintAmaNiratna ke samAna hai / guru paTTAvalI ke anusAra "guru paTTAvalI" - (jisake racanAkAra kA nAma ajJAta hai) meM chaThe paTTadhara prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : ___ "bhadrabAhusvAmI punaH Avazyaka niyuktikRt / tadbhrAtA varAhamihirastyaktavrato rAjJaH purohito rAjJaH puro nimittaprakAzAdyaH prAptapratiSThaH tadbhAtuH parAjayakaraNe sabhAsamakSaM 51 pala pramANo matsyaH kuNDaprAnte patiSyati, gururvakti 52 palapramAraNo bhatsyaH kuNDamadhye patiSyati / jinazAsanaprabhAvAt guruvAkyameva saMjAtaM rAjApi zAsanotsavaM cakAra / tato'sau varAhamihiro mAnabhraSTo mRtvA vyatarIbhUtaH zrIsaMghamupadadrAva, tajjJAtvA ca bhagavatA upasargaharastotrakaraNena sa upadravo nivAritaH / sa bhagavAn 45 varSAriNa grahe saptadaza varSANi vrate caturdaza varSANi yugapradhAnatve sarvAyuH SaDsaptati barSAriNa prapAlya zrI vIrAt 170 varSe svryyo|" [paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 164] mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI dharmasAgaraNI ne tapAgaccha pAvalI meM matsyapatana kI ghaTanA ko chor3a kara guru paTTAvalI ke samAna hI bhadrabAhu kA paricaya diyA hai| [paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 44]

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337 zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu digambara paramparA ke pranthoM meM prA0 bhadrabAhu kA paricaya mAvasaMgraha ke anusAra prAcArya vimalasena ke ziSya prA0 devasena' ne digambara paramparA ke prasiddha grantha bhAvasaMgraha meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI utpatti kA vivaraNa dete hue gAthA saMkhyA 52 se 75 taka kI 24 gAthAnoM meM bhadrabAha nAmaka prAcArya kA paricaya diyA hai| caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAha ke jIvana-caritra ke viSaya meM kisa prakAra bhrAntiyoM kA zrIgaNeza humA, isa niSkarSa para pahuMcane ke liye ve gAthAeM bar3I sahAyaka siddha hoMgI ataH una gAthAoM kA avikala anuvAda yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : rAjA vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAta soraTha deza kI vallabhI nAmaka nagarI meM zvetapaTa-zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huI / / 52 / / ujjayinI nagarI meM bhadrabAhu nAmaka eka prAcArya the| ve nimittazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita the| apane nimitta jJAna ke bala para unhoMne apane saMgha se kahA // 53 // yahAM para nirantara 12 varSa payaMta bhayaMkara duSkAla kA prakopa rahegA prataH pApa loga apane-apane saMgha ke sAtha anyAnya prAntoM aura kSetroM kI pora cale jAmro // 54 // bhadrabAha kI yaha bhaviSyavANI suna kara sabhI gaNanAyakoM ne apane-apane saMgha ke sAtha ujjayinI ke vibhinna kSetroM se vihAra kara diyA aura jina pradezoM meM subhikSa thA vahAM jAkara vicaraNa karane lage // 55 // zAnti nAmaka eka saMghapati apane bahuta se ziSyoM ke sAtha suramya soraTha pradeza kI vallabhI nagarI meM pahuMcA // 56 / / ' darzanasAra ke kartA devasena se bhinna / inake kAla ke sambandha meM prabhI nizcita rUpa se kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 2 chattIse varisasae vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraThe uppaNNo sevar3asaMgho hu vallahIe // 52 // prAsI ujjeNIpayare mAyariyo bhaddabAhu NAmeNa / jANiya suNimittagharo bhaNimo saMgho Nito teNa // 53 // hohai iha dubhikkhaM bAraha varasANi jAva puNNAriNa / desaMtarAe gacchaha riNaya Niya saMgheNa saMjutA // 54 // soUNa iyaM vayaNaM gANA desehi gaNaharA samve / giya riNaya saMgha pauttA viharimA jatya sumbhivakhaM // 55 // ekka puraNa saMti NAmo saMpatto valahINAma yarIe / bahusIsa sampautto visae soraTThae. ramme // 16 //

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ bhadrabAhu di0 paraM0 apane sAdhu-saMgha ke sAtha prAcArya zAnti ke vallabhI pahuMcane ke pazcAt vahAM para bhI bar3A bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'aa| vahAM ghora duSkAla ke kAraNa aisI atree sthiti utpanna ho gaI ki bhUkha se pIr3ita raMka loga anya logoM ke peTa . cora-cIra kara aura unakI prAMtoM evaM projhariyoM meM se sadyabhukta prazna nikAlanikAla kara khAne lage / / 57 / / 338 isa bhayAvaha sthiti se majabUra ho kara prAcArya zAnti ke saMgha ke sabhI sAdhuyoM ne kambala, daNDa, tUMbA, pAtra aura prAvaraNa hetu zveta vastra dhAraNa kara liye / / 58 / unhoMne sAdhuoM ke yogya AcaraNa kA parityAga kara dInavRtti se mAMganA aura bastiyoM meM apanI icchAnusAra jA jA kara aura baiTha baiTha kara bhojana karanA prArambha kara diyA // 156 // isa prakAra kA zrAcararaNa karate hue unakA bahuta sA kAla vyatIta ho gayA / aMtatogatvA duSkAla kA anta aura subhikSa kA prAdurbhAva huA / taba prAcArya zAnti ne apane saMgha ke sabhI sAdhutroM ko saMbodhita karate hue kahA ki aba isa kutsita prAcaraNa ko chor3a do aura apane isa prAcaraNa kI garhA nindA kara ke ( prAyazcita kara ke ) punaH maharSiyoM ke zreSTha prAcaraNa ko grahaNa karo / / 60-61 / / prAcArya zAnti' kI isa bAta ko suna kara unake prathama ziSya ne kahA"aba isa prakAra ke prati kaMThora zrAcaraNa kA kauna pAlana kara sakatA hai ? upavAsa, bhojana kA prApta na honA, prasahya aneka anya prantarAya, eka sthAna, nagnatva, mauna, brahmacarya, bhUmizayyA, do-do mAsoM ke antara se kezoM kA prasahya kaSTaprada luMcana, taratha vi gayasta jAyaM dumbhikvaM dAruNaM mahAghoraM / jatya vimAriya uparaM khar3o rakehi kuruti / / 57 / / taM lahiUraNa NimittaM gahiyaM sambehi kambali daMDaM / duddiyataM ca tahA pAvatvaM seyavatthaM ca / / 58 / / cataM risi prAvaraNaM gahiyA bhinalA ya dIbitIe / ubabisiya jAiUNaM bhutaM basahIsu icchAe / / 56 / / evaM vaTTatANaM kitiya kAlammi cAvi parimalie / saMjAyaM sumbhikvaM jaMpara tA saMti mAyariyo ||60|| prAvAhiUNa saMgha bhariNayaM khaMDe kutthiyAvaraNa / lidiya garahiya giNhaha puNaravi pariyaM muNidAraNaM // 61 // vikrama saM0 136 ( vIra ni0 saM0 306 ) se 12 varSa pUrva nimittajJa bhA0 bhadrabAhu dvArA dvAdazavArSika gokAla kI sUcanA milane para zAnti nAmaka saMghapati ke apane ziSyoM sahita vallabhI jAne kA jo ullekha prA0 devasena ne kiyA hai usameM rAmilla, sthUlAcArya paura sthUlabhadra kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| - sampAdaka

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bhadrabAhu-di0 paraM0] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu nitya hI ghora bAvIsa parISahoM kA sahana karanA prAdi ye to bar3e hI kaThora prAcaraNa haiM / / 62, 63, 64 / / isa samaya hama logoM ne jo yaha pAcaraNa grahaNa kara rakhA hai, vaha vastutaH isa loka meM sukhakara hai ataH ise isa duHSama nAmaka pAMcaveM prAraka meM hama nahIM chor3a sakate / / 6 / / isa para zAntyAcArya ne kahA ki isa prakAra kA caritrabhraSTa jIvana acchA nhiiN| yaha to jinaprarUpita dharmamArga ko dUSita karane vAlA hai // 66 / / jinendraprabhu ne nirgrantha pravacana ko hI paramotkRSTaM batAyA hai, usakA tyAga kara anya mArga kI pravRtti karanA mithyAtva hai / / 67 / / zAntyAcArya ke isa kathana se ruSTa ho kara unake usa pradhAna ziSya ne lambe DaNDe se guru ke sira para prahAra kiyA jisake prAghAta se sthavira prAcArya zAnti kA prANAnta ho gayA aura ve mara kara vyantara jAti ke deva hue // 68 // zAntyAcArya ke marane para unakA vaha pramukha ziSya saMghAdhipati vana baiThA aura prakaTa meM pASaMDa-zvetAmbara ho gyaa| vaha logoM ko isa prakAra ke dharma kA upadeza dene lagA ki sagrantha (vastra-pAtrAdi ke parigrahadhAraka) ko bhI mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai // 66 // usane (jinacandra ne) tathA usake anuyAyiyoM ne svayaM dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye pASaNDoM ke anurUpa zAstroM kI racanA kI aura una zAstroM kA upadeza de kara logoM meM usa prakAra ke prAcaraNa ko pracalita kara diyA // 70 // taM vayaNaM soUNaM uttaM sImeNa tatya paDhameNa / ko sakkai pAreuM evaM pai dukharAyaraNaM // 62 / / uvavAso ya malAbho aNe dussahAi aMtarAyAI / ekaTThANamala majjAyaNaM bambhaceraM ca // 63 / / bhUmIsayaNaM locce de de mAsehiM asahiriNajjo hu / bAvIsa parisahAI masahiNijjAI nindha pi / / 64 / / aMpuNa saMpai gahiyaM evaM mamhehi kipi maayrnnN| . iha loya sukkhayaraNaM Na caMDimo hu dussame kAle // 65 / / tA saMtiNA pauttaM cariyapabhaThehiM jIviyaM loe / evaM e hu sundarayaM dUsaraNayaM jahaNa maggassa / / 66 / / NiggaMdhaM pambayaNaM jiNavaragAheNa prakkhiyaM paramaM / taM chaDiUraNa . aNNaM pavattamAraNeNa mizyataM // 7 // tA rUsiUNa pahamo sIse sIseNa dIha dareNa / paviro pAeNa mumo jAmo so vitaro devo / / 6 / / iyaro saMghAhibai payaDiya pAsaMra sevaro baayo| makkhai loe dhamma saggaMyaM pratyi riNavAraNaM // 66 // satyAi viraiyAiM riNaya Niya pAsaMDa ghiysrisaaii| vakhAriNaUraNa loe pavattimo tArisAyaraNo / / 7 / /

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340 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhadrabAhu-di0 paraM0 una logoM ne nirgrantha mArga kI nindA aura apane mArga kI prazaMsA karate hue aneka prakAra kI mAyAmoM ke pradarzana se logoM ko mUr3ha banA kara bahuta sA dravya grahaNa kiyA / / 71 / / prAcArya zAnti vyantara bana kara aneka prakAra ke upadrava karane lagA aura una logoM (zvetAmbaroM) ko kahane lagA ki tuma loga jaina dharma ko pAkara mithyAtva mArga para mata calo // 72 // vyaMtara dvArA kiye jAne vAle upadravoM se Dara kara una logoM ne usa vyantara kI sakala dravyoM se saMyukta pATha prakAra kI pUjA kI / usa vyantara kI usa samaya jo pUjA jinacandra dvArA viracita kI gaI vaha prAja dina taka pracalita hai / / 73 / / Aja bhI sabase pahale vaha balipUjA usa vyantara ke nAma se dI jAtI hai aura vaha vyantara zvetAmbara saMgha kA pUjya kuladeva kahA jAtA hai / / 74 // yaha pathabhraSTa zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti batAI gaI hai / aba maiM pAge prajJAna mithyAtva ke viSaya meM kahUMgA use suno / / 7 / / ina gAthAnoM dvArA prAcArya devasena ne spaSTa rUpa se apanI yaha mAnyatA prakaTa kI hai ki vikrama saMvat 124 tadanusAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 564 meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne zramaNasaMgha ko bhAvI dvAdaza vArSika duSkAla kI pUrvasUcanA dete hue salAha dI ki saba sAdhu ujjayinI (avantI) rAjya ko chor3a kara dUra ke prAntoM meM cale jAyaM / tadanusAra zAnti nAmaka eka AcArya bhI soraTha deza kI vallabhIpurI meM jAkara apane vizAla ziSya parivAra ke sAtha rahane lgaa| vahAM zAntyAcArya evaM unake ziSyoM ne duSkAlajanya vikaTa paristhitiyoM se majabUra ho kara kambala, daNDa, vastra, pAtrAdi dhAraNa kiye aura gRhasthoM ke yahAM baiTha kara bhojana karanA prArambha kiyA / mubhikSa hone para zAntyAcArya ne apane ziSyoM ko punaH niravadya digambara zramaNAcAra grahaNa karane kI salAha dI / zAntyAcArya ke ziSyoM ne unakI prAjJA kA pAlana karane se spaSTataH inkAra kara diyA / zAntyAcArya ne apane ziSyoM ke jinaprarUpita dharma se viparIta pAcaraNa kI kaTu zabdoM meM bhartsanA kii| isase kruddha ho zAntyAcArya ke pramukha ziSya ne unake kapAla para daNDa kA prahAra kiyaa| riNaggaMdhaM dUsittA NidittA appaNaM pasaMsittA / jIve mUDhae loe kayamAe mehiyaM bahu dayvaM // 71 / / iyaro vitara devo saMti laggo uvahavaM kaauN| jaMpai mA micchattaM gacchaha lahiUNa jiNadhammaM // 72 / bhIehi tassa pUmA aTTavihA sayaladamyasaMpuSNA / jA jiraNavanda raiyA so prajjavi digiyA tassa / / 3 / / pragja vi sA bali pUyA par3hamayaraM diti tassa gAmeNa / so kuladevo utto sevA saMghassa pukho so // 74 / / iya uppattI kahiyA sevarayANaM ca maggamavANaM / enco uddhaM voccha riNasubaha maNNANamicchataM // 75 / /

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bhadrabAhu di0 paraM0] zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 341 pariNAmataH zAntyAcArya kI mRtyu ho gaI aura unakI mRtyu ke pazcAt vikrama saMvat 136 tadanusAra vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 606 meM unake ziSyoM ne apane zithilAcAra anusAra navIna zAstroM kI racanA kara zvetAmbara saMgha kI sthApanA kI / ke vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 606 meM digambara zvetAmbara matabheda prArambha huA, yaha digambara sampradAya ko sarvasammata mAnyatA hai ataH usake AdhAra para devasena dvArA prastuta kI gaI uparyukta mAnyatA ko digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA saMkhyA 1 ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai / prAcArya hariSeNa isase kucha Age bar3he, vRhatkathAkoza punATa saMgha ke zrI mauni bhaTTAraka ke praziSya tathA zrI bharatasena ke ziSya AcArya zrI hariSeNa ne vikrama saMvat 686 meM nirmita vRhat kathAkoza meM jo prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA kathAnaka ( kathAnaka saMkhyA 131) diyA hai, usakA sArAMza yahAM diyA jA rahA hai : prAcInakAla meM puNDravardhana rAjya meM koTipura nAmaka eka nagara thA jo prAja kala devakoTTa ke nAma se prasiddha hai / vahAM ke rAjA padmaratha ke rAja purohita somazarmA kI dharmapatnI somazrI kI kukSi se bhadrabAhu kA janma huA / bAlaka bhadrabAhu jaba kucha bar3A huA to vaha apane samavayaska bAlakoM ke sAtha khelane lagA / eka dina nagara ke bAhara apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha khelate hue bhadrabAhu ne bAta hI bAta meM golI para golI car3hAte hue caudaha goliyoM ko eka dUsarI para car3hA kara saba khilAr3iyoM ko Azcarya meM DAla diyA / usI samaya bhagavAn neminAtha kI stuti karane hetu urjayanta ( giranAra ) parvata kI ora jAte hue cauthe caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya govardhana usa sthAna para pdhaare| unhoMne bAlaka bhadrabAhu dvArA caudaha goliyoM ko eka dUsarI para car3hA dene ke adbhuta kauzala ko dekha kara apane jJAna se jAna liyA ki yahI pratibhAzAlI bAlaka prAge cala kara antima caturdaza pUrvadhara hogA / govarddhanAcArya ne bhadrabAhu ke pitA ko sArA hAla sunA kara unakI anumati se bAlaka bhadrabAhu ko adhyayana karAne hetu apane pAsa rakha liyA aura svalpa samaya meM hI saba vidyAoM evaM zAstroM maiM use pAraMgata banA diyA / saba vidyAoM meM niSNAta hone para bhadrabAhu guru prAjJA se apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa gaye parantu kucha hI dinoM pazcAt ve apane mAtA-pitA se dIkSita hone kI prajJA prApta kara prAcArya govarddhana ke pAsa lauTa Aye aura unake pAsa nirgrantha dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye / guru kI kRpA se bhadrabAhu kucha hI kAla meM dvAdazAMgI ke pAragAmI vizeSajJa zrutakevalI bana gaye / prapane antima samaya meM prAcArya, govarddhana ne bhadrabAhu ko prAcArya pada pradAna kara diyA aura svayaM kaThora tapazcaraNa karate hue anta meM anazana-pUrvaka svargagamana kiyA /

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342 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhadrabAhu di0 paraM0 prAcArya bhadrabAha vividha kSetroM meM dharma kA pracAra karate hue eka samaya avantI rAjya kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI purI ke bAhara kSiprA nadI ke taTa para sthita upavana meM pdhaare| usa samaya avantI rAjya para mahArAja candragupta kA zAsana thaa| ve ujjayinI meM rahate the| mahArAja candragupta eka dRr3ha samyakta vI aura jinazAsana ke zraddhAlu zrAvaka the| unakI mahArAnI kA nAma suprabhA thaa| eka dina prAcArya bhadrabAhu ujjayinI meM ghara-ghara bhikSArtha bhramaNa karate hue eka aise ghara meM praviSTa hue jisake andara jholI meM leTe hue eka zizu ke atirikta aura koI nahIM thA / bhadrabAha ko dekhate hI vaha nanhA sA zizu bola uThA - bhagavan ! Apa yahAM se zIghra hI cale jaaiye| divyajJAnI bhadrabAha ne usa zizu ke atyanta pAzcaryotpAdaka vacana sunakara tatkAla hI samajha liyA ki isa prakAra ke prati svalpAyuSka zizu ke mukha se isa prakAra ke vacana prakaTa hone kA pariNAma yaha hone vAlA hai ki isa samasta pradeza meM nirantara 12 varSa taka bhayaMkara anAvRSTi hogii| ve tatkSaraNa binA bhikSA grahaNa kiye hI upavana kI aora ATa gye| aparAhna velA meM unhoMne zramaNa saMgha ko ekatrita kara use bhAvI dvAdazavArSika durbhikSa ke mahAna saMkaTa se avagata karAte hue kahA.- "zramaNo! jana-dhana aura anna se paripUrNa yaha suramya pradeza bAraha varSa takaM anAvRSTi aura duSkAla ke kAraNa zUnyaprAyaH hone vAlA hai| merI to bahata hI kama prAya avaziSTa raha gaI hai ataH maiM to yahIM rahUMgA para Apa saba loga lava samudra ke taTavartI kSetroM kI ora cale jaao|" / prAcArya bhadrabAha ke uparokta vacana sunakara mahArAja candragupta ne unake pAsa zramaraNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| muni banane ke pazcAt candragupta ne apane guru se 10 pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyA aura ve viSAkhAcArya ke nAma se vikhyAta ho zramaNa saMgha ke adhipati bana gye| prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI AjJAnusAra zramaNa saMgha ina viSAkhAcArya ke sAtha dakSiNApatha ke punnATa pradeza meM calA gayA tathA rAmilla sthUlAcArya aura sthUlabhadra - ye tInoM apane saMgha ke sAtha sindhu pradeza meM cale gye| ___prAcArya bhadrabAhu ujjayinI ke antargata bhAdrapada nAmaka sthAna meM prAkara Thahare aura vahAM kaI dinoM ke anazana ke pazcAt samAdhipUrvaka AyuSya pUrNa kara svarga sidhaare| ___ rAmilla, sthUlavRddha (sthUlAcArya) aura sthUlabhadra jisa samaya sindhu pradeza meM pahuMce, usa samaya vahAM para bhI duSkAla kA prabhAva vyApta ho cukA thaa| sindhu pradeza ke zraddhAlu zrAvakoM ne unake sammukha upasthita hokara nivedana kiyA- "mahAtman ! bhUkhe logoM kI apAra bhIr3a ke Dara se hamAre gharoM meM rAtri ke samaya hI bhojana banAyA jAtA hai, ataH jaba taka yaha saMkaTakAla samApta na ho jAya taba taka

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bhadrabAhu di0 paraM0] zrutakevalI-kAla : AcArya zrI bhadrabAhu~ Apa loga bhikSApAtra lekara bhikSA lene hetu rAtri ke samaya hI hamAre gharoM meM pAyA kreN| rAtri meM lAyA huA AhAra dUsare dina khA liyA kreN|" zrAvakoM ke prAgrahapUrNa nivedana ko svIkAra karate hae una zramaNoM ne rAtri ke samaya pAtroM meM bhikSA lAne tathA dUsare dina AhAra karane kI prakriyA prArambha kara dI aura isa prakAra usa bhayAvaha durbhikSa kA samaya vyatIta hone lgaa| kucha samaya pazcAt una zramaNoM meM se eka atyaMta kRSakAya zramaNa arddharAtri ke samaya bhikSApAtra liye gRhastha ke ghara meM bhikSArtha praviSTa huaa| rAtri ke ghanAndhakAra meM usa nagna sAdhu ke kaMkAlAvaziSTa bIbhatsa svarUpa ko dekhakara usa ghara kI gabhiraNI gRhaNI itanI adhika bhayabhIta huI ki tatkAla usakA garbha gira gayA / isa durbhAgyapUrNa kANDa se zramaNoM evaM zrAvakoM ko bar3A duHkha huA / zrAvakoM ne zramaNoM se prArthanA kI ki ve apane bAMye skandha para kapar3A (arddhaphAlaka) rkheN| bhikSA grahaNa karate samaya bAyeM hAtha se kapar3e ko Age kI ora kara deM aura dakSiNa hAtha meM grahaNa kiye hue pAtra meM bhikSA grahaNa kreN| subhikSa ho jAne para isa prakAra ke prAcaraNa ke liye prAyazcitta kara leN| zrAvakoM kI prArthanA ko samayocita samajha kara zramaNoM ne svIkAra kara liyA aura arddhaphAlaka evaM daNDa Adi rakhanA prArambha kara kiyaa| udhara vizAkhAcArya ke sAtha gaye hue zramaNoM ke saMgha ne dakSiNa deza meM subhikSa hone ke kAraNa jJAna, darzana, cAritra kA samyaka rUpa se paripAlana karate hue bAraha varSa kA saMkrAntikAla dakSiNApatha meM sukhapUrvaka vyatIta kiyaa| usa dvAdazavArSika dubhikSa kI samApti para subhikSa hote hI vizAkhAcArya ne apane zramaNa saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNApatha se madhyapradeza kI aora vihAra kara diyA aura aneka kSetroM meM vihAra karate hue ve madhyapradeza meM A phuNce| udhara rAmilla, sthUlavRddha aura sthUlabhadrAcArya ne durbhikSa kI samApti para samasta zramaNa saMgha ko ekatrita kara kahA ki dubhikSa ke dina vyatIta ho gaye haiN| ataH aba saba mumukSu zramaraNoM ko arddhaphAlaka kA parityAga kara nirgranthatA svIkAra kara lenI cAhiye / unake vacana sunakara mukti ke abhilASI kucha sAdhuoM ne punaH nirgranthatA grahaNa kara lI / parama vairAgyazAlI rAmilla, sthUlavRddha aura sthUlabhadrA. cArya- ye tInoM vizAkhAcArya ke pAsa Aye aura bhavabhramaNa ke bhaya se saMtrasta una tInoM ne duSkAla ke samaya grahaNa kiye gaye arddhaphAlaka (prAdhe kapar3e) kA tatkAla parityAga kara nirgrantha muniyoM kA veSa dhAraNa kara liyaa| jo sAdhu kaSTasahana se katarAte the aura jinakA manobala dRr3ha nahIM thA, unhoMne jinakalpa aura sthavira 'rAmillaH sthaviraH sthuulbhdraacaarystryo'pymii| mahAvairAgyasampannA vizAkhAcAryamAyayuH / / 6 / / syakta vAkapaTaM sadyaH saMsArAttrastamAnasAH / nainthyaM hi tapaH kRtvA munirUpaM dadhustrayaH / / 66 / /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga (bhadrabAhu di0 paraM. kalpa ke vidhAna kI kalpanA kara nirgrantha (nagna) paramparA se viparIta sthavirakalpa paramparA ko pracalita kiyaa|'' isa prakAra prAcArya devasena ne apane grantha 'bhAvasaMgraha' meM vIra nirvAgga saMvat 606 meM hue prAcArya bhadrabAha (nimittajJa) ke samaya meM jisa ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai use prAcArya hariSeNa ne apane grantha 'vRhat kathAkoza' meM zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyA hai, jo ki digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 163 meM aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vI0ni0 saM0 170 meM svarga sidhaare| prAcArya hariSeNa ne rAmilla, sthUlavRddha aura sthUlabhadrAcArya - ina tInoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki una tInoM ne punaH nirgrantha prAcAra svIkAra kara liyaa| para bhaTTAraka ratnanandI inase bahuta Age bar3ha gaye ..... ___ isa prakAra vimalasenagariNa ke ziSya devasena2 (jo ki darzanasAra le racayitA devasena se bhinna haiM) ne apane grantha "bhAvasaMgraha" meM vIra nirvANa saM0 606 meM hue bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM zvetAmbara digambara bheda hone kA ullekha kiyA hai, use hariSeNa ne vI0ni0 saM0 163 athavA 170 meM svargastha hone vAle zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sAtha jor3a diyaa| ghaTanAcakra ke paryavekSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki hariSeNa ne zvetAmbaradigambara matabheda utpanna hone kI ghaTanA ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAha ke samaya se jor3ane kA jo prayAsa kiyA, vaha unake anuyAyiyoM ke bhI gale nahIM utraa| hariSeNa ke isa bayAsa kA anaucitya kucha vidvAnoM ke mana meM khaTakatA rahA aura isake pariNAmasvarUpa IsA kI 15vIM zatAbdI meM eka naI mAnyatA kA pracAra evaM prasAra digambara paramparA meM huaa| ' iSTaM nayaMgarorvAkyaM saMsArArNavatArakam / jinasthavirakalpaM ca vidhAya vividhaM bhuvi / / 67 / / pralaMphAlakasaMyuktamajJAta prmaarthkH| tairidaM kalpitaM tIrtha kAtaraH zaktivajitaH / / 6 / / [vRhat kathAkoza, kathAnaka 131, pR0 318, 316] 2 sirivimalaseNagaNaharasisso pAmeNa devaseNo ti / mabuhajaNabohaNatyaM teNeyaM virahayaM sut|| "bhAvasaMgraha" ke anta meM dI.huI isa gAthA ke mAdhAra para paramAnanda zAstrI ne yaha abhi. mata jAhira kiyA hai ki bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA devasena darzanasAra ke kartA devasena se bhinna hai| devasena ne darzanasAra meM yaha spaSTataH svIkAra kiyA hai ki prAcIna bhAcAryoM kI gAthAnoM kA saMkalana kara ve darzanasAra kI racanA kara rahe haiN| vartanasAra meM dI huI gAdhAmoM meM se kucha gAthAeM bhAvasaMgraha meM upalalA hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ina gAthAmoM ke kartA ye devasena hoM pora isa prakAra pUrvavartI prAcArya hoN| 3 hariSeNa kA samaya I0 san 831 hai|

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bhadrabAhu di0 paraM0] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu vi0 saM0 1465 tadanusAra I. san 1436 meM hue rayadhU nAmaka apabhraMza bhASA ke mahAkavi ne apane grantha "mahAvIra carit" meM maurya rAjAoM kA ullekha karate hue kuNAla ke putra kA nAma samprati ke sthAna para candragupti diyA hai / rayadhU ne likhA hai ki kuNAla ke putra candragupti ne eka rAtri meM 16 svapna dekhe / zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAha se apane svapnoM ke phala ko sunakara use saMsAra se virakti huI aura usane prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| ina prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane nimittajJAna se bhAvI bAraha varSa taka duSkAla par3ane kI sUcanA zramaNasaMghoM ko dI aura unheM dakSiNa meM vicaraNa karane kI salAha dii| isI dvAdazavArSika kAla ke pazcAt zvetAmbara-digambara matabheda utpanna hone kA ullekha karate hue rayadhu ne prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha-sAtha zvetAmbara-digambara matabheda kI ghaTanA ko bhI vIra nirvANa saMvat 330 ke AsapAsa lA rakhA hai / rayadhu ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| usakA sthAna digambara paramparA ke mahAkaviyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| ataH rayadhU kI etadviSayaka mAnyatA vo yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai| __ "cANakya ne candrApti ko rAjarAjezvara ke pada para abhiSikta kiyaa| vaha candragupti bar3A hI vikhyAta rAjA humaa| usake bindusAra nAmaka putra huaa| bindusAra kA putra humA azoka aura azoka ke raNaulu (kuraNAla) nAma kA putra humaa| eka samaya rAjA azoka azvoM aura hAthiyoM ko senA se susajjita ho eka zatru para vijaya prApta karane ke liye gyaa| azoka ne yuddhasthala se apane nagara meM eka prAjJApatra bhejA, jisameM likhA thA ki "pradhIyatu kumAraH" - arthAt kumAra ko aba par3hAyA jAya / gaulu (kuNAla) kI sautelI mAtA ne apane netroM ke aMjana ko masI se 'pradhIyatu' zabda ke prathamAkSara para anusvAra lagAkara "aMdhIyatu kumAraH" banA diyaa| prAjJApatra par3ha kara adhikAriyoM ne rAjakumAra (kuNAla) ko netravihIna kara diyaa| ____ zatru para vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt azoka punaH apane ghara lauTA taba apane putra ko locanavihIna dekhakara use bar3A saMtApa hmaa| samaya pAne para azoka ne apane aMdhe putra kA vivAha kara diyaa| usa aMdhe rAjakumAra ke candragupti nAmaka eka putra utpatra humA jo ki sajjanoM ko bar3A Ananda dene vAlA thaa| azoka ne antatogatvA apane pautra candragupti ko rAjyapada diyaa| rAjA vanane ke pazcAt candragupti bar3e utsAha ke sAtha jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra aura pAlana karane lgaa| candragupti bar3I zraddhA va bhakti ke sAtha muniyoM ko dAna diyA karatA thaa| eka samaya rAtri meM susuptAvasthA meM candragupti ne 16 svapna dekhe| ' candagutti te pavihiu rAu, kiMu cANakka ta u ji pahANauM / candagutti rAyaho vikkhAyau bidusAru NaMdaraNu saMjAyauM / / taho puta vi pramo uhu uppuSaNauM, raNaunu 'NAma tahu suu uppaNNauM / gi u pramou gau vahariu uppari, pallANeppiNu sajjivi hari kari /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhadrabAhu di. pr| nagaNya bheda ke atirikta rayadhU variNata candragupti dvArA dekhe gaye 16 svapna vahI haiM jo digambara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM maurya samrATa candragupta ke 16 svapnoM ke nAma se upalabdha hote haiN|' ina solaha svapnoM ko dekhane ke pazcAt candragupti kI nindrA bhaMga huii| ve adbhuta svapnadarzana se cintAtura hue / unhIM dinoM usa nagara meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kA padhAranA hmaa| rAjA candragupti ne bhadrabAha kI sevA meM pahuMca kara unake samakSa apane solaha svapna sunAye aura unase svapnaphala batAne kI prArthanA kii| bhadrabAhu se apane svapnoM kA phala sunakara candragupti ko vizvAsa ho gayA ki nikaTa bhaviSya meM sabhI dRSTiyoM se bar3I gambhIra aura hIna sthiti paidA hone vAlI hai / candragupti ko saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura usane apane putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpa kara bhadravAhu ke pAsa zramaraNadIkSA grahaNa kara lii| . isake pazcAt rayadhU ne bhikSArtha mramaNa karate hue bhadrabAhusvAmI dvArA eka gharaM meM zizu ke mukha se 'jA, jA' zabda sunanA, unake dvArA usa zizu se pUchanA ki kitane varSa ke liye, zizu dvArA uttara denA ki 12 varSa ke liye, bhadrabAhu dvArA bhAvI dvAdazavArSika kAla ke sambandha meM zramaNa saMgha ko sUcita karanA, zrAvakoM kI prArthanA para bhI bhadrabAha kA na rukanA tathA sthUlabhadra, rAmilla, aura sthalAcArya kA apane-apane zramaNa saMgha sahita ujjayinI meM hI rahanA, bhadrabAhu kA bAraha hajAra teNa ji saNayarahu, lehu ju periu, sAlikUrumati devina dUsiu / ujjhAyaho NaMdaNu pAdevyau, prayareM ehu vayaNu mahu kivvau / taM ji lehu vaMciu vivarerau, raNayajuyalu hariyau suyakerau / pari jitti vijApahu pAu ghari, putta Niji vigaya eyaNe / bahu mou pauMjivi teNa tahiM, vihiu suyahI puNu pariNayaNu || ragAmeM caMdagutti taho NaMdaNu saMjAyau sajjaNa pANaMdaNu / poDattaNi so rAji pariTThiu, riNayapau pAlariNa so ukkaMThiu / jiNadhammAmaya tittiu prachai, murigaNAhaM riNarudANu payachai / aNNahi diNi vi rayaNi supasuttaI, siviNaI diTThaI solahamattaI / [rayaghU kRta mahAvIra carit (aprakAzita ] diTThau pratyaMga divasesaru, sAhAmaMga kapparukkhahu paru / uMtu vimANa 'vi yAhuri jaMtau, ahi bArahaphaNa phuphUvaMtau / sasimaMDalahu meu tahaM diTTha u, hasthi kiNha jujjhaMta prahiu / khajjou vi diTThau pahavaMtau, majjhi sukka saravaru vi mahaMtau / dhUma hu pUre gayaNu vi chaNNauM, vaNayaragaNu viDDharihi NisaNNauM / karaNaya thAli vAyasu muMjaMtau, sAragariNa hAliya teya phuraMta / kArakara khaMdhArUDhA vANara, diTTha kayAra majji kamalayaMvara / majjA yaMcatau puNu sAyaru, bAla vasaha ghurajottiya rahavara / taruNa vasaha prArUDhA khattiya diTThA teNa pratula balasattiya /

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bhagA di0 zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 347 zramaNoM ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra karanA, eka vana meM pahuMcane ke pazcAt adRzya vAraNI se apanA antima samaya nikaTa samajha vizAkha muni ko prAcArya pada pradAna kara unheM vAraha varSa taka dakSiNApatha meM vicarate rahane kA Adeza denA, candragupti kA bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM rahanA, bhadravAhu dvArA anazana grahaNa, candragupti ko vana meM devanirmita nagara se bhikSA milanA, bhadrabAhu kA svargArohaNa karanA, sthUlAcArya prAdi zramaNoM dvArA pAtra, daNDa vastrAdi grahaNa karanA, subhikSa ke pazcAt zvetAmbara digambara bheda utpanna honA Adi ghaTanAnoM kA usI rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai, jisa prakAra ki digamvara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM grAmataura se upalabdha hotA hai / 0 paraM0] prAcArya ratananandI ke anusAra zrAja digambara paramparA meM grAmataura para vi0 saM0 1625 ke AsapAsa hue digambara prAcArya ratnanandI, apara nAma ratnakIrti dvArA racita "bhadrabAhu caritra" sarvAdhika mAnya ginA jAtA hai| apane pUrvavartI prAcAryoM dvArA variMgata bhadrabAhu caritra meM ratnanandI ne kisa prakAra kI navIna abhivRddhiyAM kIM, isa tathya se pAThaka bhalI-bhAMti avagata ho jAyaM, isa dRSTi se unake dvArA racita grantha "bhadrabAhu caritra" meM ullikhita bhadrabAhu kA jIvana-paricaya yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai : "bhAratavarSa ke puNDrabarddhana rAjya kI rAjadhAnI koTTapura nagara meM padmadhara nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usake rAjapurohita somazarmA kI patnI somazrI kI kukSi se bhadrabAhu kA janma huA / paugaNDAvasthA meM eka dina kumAra bhadrabAhu ne nagara ke bAhara apane sakhAnoM ke sAtha goliyoM kA khela khelate hue bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha caudaha goliyoM ko eka dUsarI para car3hA diyA / usa samaya giranAra kI yAtrA ke liye jAte hue zrI govarddhanAcArya vahAM phuNce| nagna sAdhugroM ko dekhakara anya sava bAlaka to bhAga khar3e hue para nirbhIka kumAra bhadrabAhu vahIM khar3e rahe / golI para golI, isa taraha caudaha goliyoM ko eka dUsarI para car3hI dekha kara caturdaza pUrvaghara prAcArya govarddhana ne nimittajJAna se pahicAna liyA ki vaha bAlaka bhaviSya meM paMcama zrutakevalI hogaa| bAlaka kA paricaya prApta karane ke pazcAt prAcArya govarddhana bAlaka bhadrabAhu ke sAtha usake ghara pahuMce / dvija-dampatI ne harSa vibhora ho bar3I zraddhA se prAcAryazrI ko savidhi vandana kiyA / tadanantara somazarmA ne vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA- " karuNAsindho ! Apake darzana se hama kRtakRtya hue / prApake caraNasaroja se hamArA ghara pavitra ho gayA / prabho ! isa dAsa ke yogya koI sevA kArya pharamAkara ise zranugRhIta kIjiye / " govarddhanAcArya ne kahA- "bhadra ! tumhArA yaha putra vAlaka bhadrabAhu mahAn pratibhA sampanna dhaura mahAn bhAgyazAlI hai / bhaviSya meM yaha bahuta uccakoTi kA vidvAna hogaa| maiM ise samasta vidyAmroM meM pAraMgata karanA cAhatA hUM, ataH ise par3hAne ke liye hamAre supurda karo / "

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348 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArya ratna ke anusAra dvijadampatI ne kahA - "akAraNa karuNAkara ! yaha to Apa hama logoM para mahAn upakAra karane jA rahe haiM / isake liye hamase pUchane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? yaha baccA Apa hI kA hai| Apa ise le jAiye aura apanI icchAnusAra ise saba zAstra pddh'aaiye|" mAtA-pitA kI anumati mila jAne para govarddhanAcArya. bAlaka bhadrabAhu ko apane sAtha le gaye aura use vyAkaraNa, nyAya, sAhitya, darzana mAdi sabhI viSaya par3hAne lage / kuzAgrabuddhi bhadrabAhu ne apratima vinaya, bhakti, niSThA evaM parizrama se adhyayana karate hue svalpa samaya meM hI gurU govarddhanAcArya se samasta vidyAmoM kA pUrNa jJAna prApta kara liyaa| adhyayana samApta kara cukane ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu apane gurU se prAjJA prApta kara apane mAtA-pitA kI sevA meM koTTapura lauTe / samasta vidyAoM meM niSNAta apane putra ko dekha kara somazarmA aura somazrI ke harSa kA pArAvAra na rahA / dRr3ha samyakta vadhArI vidvAn bhadrabAhu ke antara meM dina pratidina jaina dharma kA udyota karane kI bhAvanA bala pakar3ane lgii| eka dina bhadrabAhu koTapura nareza papradhara kI rAjyasabhA meM pahuMce / mahArAja papradhara ne apane purohita ke tejasvI aura vidvAn putra bhadrabAhu kA bar3I prasannatApUrvaka prAdarasatkAra kiyaa| rAjyasabhA meM usa samaya ekatrita vidvAn isa prazna para carcA kara rahe the ki saba dharmoM meM kaunasA dharma zreSTha hai| koI bhI vidvAn apanI yuktiyoM se mahArAja paadhara ko saMtuSTa nahIM kara skaa| ataH unhoMne bhadrabAhu se anurodha kiyA ki ve isa viSaya meM apanA mantavya rkheN| bhadrabAhu ne zAnta, gambhIra aura yuktipUrNa zabdoM meM dharma ke prAdhArabhUta gUr3ha tathyoM ko rakhate hue samyakta va, satya, ahiMsA prAdi jaina dharma ke mUla siddhAntoM kA aisI kuzalatA se aura saralatA ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA ki sArI rAjasabhA mantramugdha sI ho ninimeSa dRSTi se bhadrabAhu kI ora dekhatI raha gii| ___ varSoM ke prayAsa se ajita apanI yazaskItti evaM vidvattA kI dhAka ko isa prakAra eka alpavayaska kumAra ke hAthoM anAyAsa hI dhUlidhUsarita hote dekha rAjasabhA ke aneka paNDitamAnI vidvAnoM ne vividha prakAra kI jaTila se jaTilatara samasyAeM bhadrabAhu ke samakSa rkhiiN| para prakharabuddhi bhadrabAhu ne apanI prakATya yuktiyoM aura prabala pramANoM se una saba kA tatkSaNa samAdhAna kara diyaa| rAjyasabhA meM huaA vaha vAdavivAda kucha hI kSaNoM meM eka nirNAyaka zAstrArtha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara gayA / rAjya sabhA ke sabhI vidvAnoM ne saMgaThita ho bhadrabAhu ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane ke liye prAraNapaNa se pUrA bala lagA kara prayAsa kiyA kintu syAdvAda-siddhAnta rUpI sAta dhAra vAle amoghAstra se bhadrabAhu ne una vidvAnoM ke yuktijAla ko chinna-bhinna kara ddaalaa| antatogatvA usa zAstrArtha meM bhaMdrabAhu ko samasta vidvavanda kA vijetA ghoSita kiyA gyaa| mahArAja padmadhara aura sabhAsad bhadrabAhu dvArA prastuta kiye gaye jainadharma ke svarUpa se aise prabhAvita hue

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prA0 rana0 ke anusAra ] zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 346 ki unhoMne usI samaya jainadharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| mahArAja padmadhara ne vastrAbhUSaNAdi se bhadrabAhu ko sammAnita kiyA aura bhadrabAhu kI kIrti digdiganta meM vyApta ho gaI / kucha hI samaya pazcAt bhadrabAhu ne apane mAtA-pitA se prAjJA prApta kara govarddhanAcArya ke pAsa nirgrantha-zramaraNadIkSA grahaNa kI / zramarocita sabhI prAcAroM kA samyagrUperaNa pAlana karate hue bhadrabAhu ne apane gurU govarddhanAcArya ke pAsa kramazaH sabhI aMga zAstroM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura ve gurU ke anugraha se zIghra hI sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI ke pAragAmI caturdaza pUrvadhara vidvAn bana gaye / kAlAntara meM govarddhanAcArya ne apanA antima samaya nikaTa samajha kara bhadrabAhu ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM pracArya pada para niyukta kiyA aura ghora tapazcaraNa karate hue anta meM catuvidha prahAra kA parityAga kara samAdhipUrvaka svargamana kiyA | prAcArya pada para AsIna hone ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu saMgha kA saMcAlana karate hue vibhinna kSetroM meM jainadharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra karane lage / usa samaya dhana-dhAnyAdika se sampanna zravantI rAjya meM candragupti nAmaka rAjA kA rAjya thA, jo usa rAjya kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI meM nivAsa karatA thA / mahArAja candragupti ne eka samaya rAtri ke pichale prahara meM bar3e prAzcaryajanaka 16 svapna dekhe / una svapnoM kA phala jAnane kI rAjA ke mana meM tIvra icchA utpanna huI / prAtaHkAla vanapAla ne rAjA candragupti ko sUcita kiyA ki nagara ke bAhara rAjakIya upavana meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu apane 12,000 muniyoM ke sAtha padhAre hue haiN| yaha zubhasaMvAda suna kara rAjA candragupti grapane mantriyoM, sAmantoM, parijanoM aura pratiSThita paurajanoM ke sAtha prAcAryazrI kI sevA meM phuNcaa| darzana, vandana evaM upadezazravaraNa ke pazcAt candragupti ne prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke samakSa apane solaha svapna sunAte hue unase unakA phala pUchA / zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane jJAnabala se rAjA candragupti ke svapnoM kA phala batAte hue kahA- "rAjan ! ye svapna bhAvI ghora aniSTa ke sUcaka haiM. jo isa prakAra haiM : - (1) astamAna ravidarzana kA prathama svapna isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki isa paMcama kAla meM dvAdazAMgAdi kA zrutajJAna nyUna ho jAyagA / (2) dUsare svapna meM kalpavRkSa kI zAkhA ke bhaMga hone kA phala yaha hai ki aba bhaviSya meM koI rAjA zramaraNadIkSA graharaNa nahIM karegA / (3) tIsare svapna meM calanItulya sachidra candra ke darzana kA phala yaha haiM ki isa duSamA nAmaka paMcama kAla meM jaina dharma meM se aneka matoM kA prAdurbhAva hogA /

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35. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mA0 rana ke anusAra (4) cauthA svapna, jisameM tumane bAraha pharaNoM vAlA sarpa dekhA, usakA phala yaha hai ki nirantara bAraha varSa paryanta atyanta bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'egaa| (5) pAMcaveM svapna meM ulTe lauTate hue devavimAna ke darzana kA yaha phala hai ki paMcama kAla meM devatA, vidyAdhara, tathA cAraNa muni bharatakSetra meM nahIM praaveNge| (6) chaThe svapna meM tumane jo azuci sthAna meM uge hue kamala ko dekhA hai, usakA phala yaha hai ki bhaviSya meM kSatriyAdi uttama kulotpanna purupoM ke sthAna para hIna jAti ke loMga jaina dharma ke anuyAyI hoNge| (7) sAtaveM svapna meM bhUtoM kA nRtya dekhane kA phala yaha hai ki aba bhaviSya meM manuSyoM kI pradhojAti ke devoM ke prati adhika zraddhA hogii| (8) khadyota kA udyota jisameM dekhA gayA, usa pAThaveM svapna kA phala yaha hai ki jainAgamoM kA upadeza karane vAle manuSya bhI mithyAttva se grasta hoMge aura jaina dharma kahIM-kahIM rhegaa| (6) bIca meM sukhA hamA para chichale jala se yukta kinAroM vAlA sarovara jo tumane haveM svapna meM dekhA hai, usakA phala yaha hone vAlA hai ki jina pavitra sthAnoM para tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka hue haiM, una sthAnoM meM jaina dharma vinaSTa hogA paura dakSiNAdi dezoM meM kahIM-kahIM thor3A-bahuta dharma rhegaa| (10) dazaveM svapna meM tumane kutte ko svarNa kI thAlI meM khIra khAte dekhA, vaha isa bhAvI kA dyotaka hai ki lakSmI kA upabhoga prAyaH nIca puruSa hI kareMge / lakSmI kulInoM ko duSprApya hogii| (11) gyArahaveM svapna meM tumane bandara ko hAthI para baiThe dekhA, usakA phala yaha hai ki kSatriya loga rAjyarahita hoMge aura nIca kula ke anArya loga rAjya kreNge| (12) bArahaveM svapna meM tumane samudra ko velAmoM (taToM) kA ullaMghana karate dekhA hai, isakA phala yaha hai ki rAjA loga nyAyamArga kA ullaMghana karane vAle aura prajA kI samasta lakSmI ko lUTane vAle hoNge| (13) terahaveM svapna meM tumane bachar3oM dvArA vahana kiyA jA rahA ati bhArayukta ratha dekhA, usakA phala yaha hai ki praba bhaviSya meM bahudhA loga yuvAvasthA (bAla avasthA) meM hI saMyama grahaNa kareMge aura vRddhAvasthA meM zakti kSINa ho jAne ke kAraNa saMyama dhAraNa nahIM kara skeNge| (14) caudahaveM svapna meM tumane rAjakumAra ko UMTa para car3he dekhA, usakA phala yaha hai ki aba bhaviSya meM rAjA loga nirmala satya dharma kA parityAga kara hiMsA-mArga svIkAra kreNge| (15) pandrahaveM svapna meM tumane dhUli se AcchAdita ratnarAzi ke darzana kiye, usakA yaha phala hone vAlA hai ki bhaviSya meM nirgrantha muni bhI paraspara ekadUsare kI nindA karane lgeNge|

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prA0 ratna0 ke anusAra ] zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 351 (16) solahaveM (aMtima) svapna meM tumane do kAle hAthiyoM ko lar3ate dekhA hai, vaha svapna isa duHkhada bhaviSya kA dyotaka hai ki aba Age ke samaya meM bAdala samaya para aura manuSyoM kI abhilASA ke anusAra nahIM baraseMge / zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se apane 16 svapnoM kA phala suna kara mahArAja candragupti ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki bhaviSya meM paga-paga para bhISaraNa saMkaToM se prAkI vikaTa samaya Ane vAlA hai / bhavabhramaraNa kI bhayAvahatA para vicAra karatekarate unheM saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura unhoMne apane putra ko gravantI kA rAjya sauMpa kara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pAsa nirgrantha zramaraNa - dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / kucha samaya pazcAt eka dina prAcArya bhadrabAhu jinadAsa seTha ke ghara para AhAra ke liye gaye / usa sunasAna ghara meM pAlane meM jhUlate hue do mAsa ke zizu ne cillA kara bhadrabAhu ko kahA - "cale jAo ! cale jAo !" yaha adbhuta evaM abhUtapUrva dRzya dekha kara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne zAnta svara meM usa zizu se pUchA - "bolo vatsa ! kitane varSa ke liye cale jAyeM ?" uttara meM usa zizu ne kahA- "bAraha varSa ke liye / " nimittajJAna meM niSNAta zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko yaha samajhane meM nimeSamAtra samaya bhI nahIM lagA ki samasta mAlava pradeza meM 12 varSa ke liye bhISaNa durbhikSa par3ane vAlA hai / ve tatkAla apane sthAna kI ora lauTa gaye / apane sthAna para prAkara bhadrabAhu ne samasta munisaMgha ko bulAyA aura bhAvo bhISaNa saMkaTa kI sUcanA dete hue unhoMne kahA ki dhanadhAnyAdika meM susampanna yaha mAlava pradeza zrAgAmI bAraha varSoM ke liye prabhAva-abhiyoga, lUTa-khasoTa, evaM bhukhamarI kA bIbhatsa krIDAMgaraNa banane vAlA hai / aba Age cala kara yahAM saMyama kA pAlana durUha hI nahIM apitu asaMbhava sA bana jAyagA ataH samasta zramaraNasaMgha ko sudUra dakSiNa kI prora vihAra kara denA cAhiye / " apane dUradarzI evaM zrutakevalI prAcArya kA prAdeza suna kara samasta munisaMgha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra karane ke liye udyata ho gayA / zrAvakasaMgha ko jyoM hI prAcAryazrI ke isa nirNaya kI sUcanA milI to samasta zrAvakasaMgha bhadrabAhu svAmI kI sevA meM upasthita ho prArthanA karane lagA ki samasta zramaraNasaMgha avantI deza meM hI rahe, anyatra vihAra na kare / aneka koTipati zrAvakoM ne kahA ki unameM se eka-eka ke pAsa dhana-dhAnyAdika kA itanA apAra saMgraha hai ki usase ve bAraha varSa hI nahIM balki sau varSa taka ujjayinI ke akAlagrasta logoM kA paripAlana kara sakate / aisI dazA meM bhISaraNa se bhISaNa aura lambe se lambe duSkAla meM bhI zramaNa saMgha ko kisI bhI prakAra kI asuvidhA nahIM hogI / zrAvakasaMgha dvArA zraneka bAra prArthanA kiye jAne para bhI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne apane nirNaya para sthira rahate hue kahA- "zraddhAlu upAsakavRnda ! yahAM jo

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352 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prA0 ratna0 ke anusAra niraMtara bAraha varSa kA duSkAla par3ane vAlA hai, vaha itanA bhayAvaha hogA ki yahAM para rahane vAle sAdhuoM ke liye vrata-saMyama kA pAlana asaMbhava ho jaaygaa|" zrAvakasaMgha dvArA bArambAra kI gaI AgrahapUrNa prArthanA suna kara rAmalya, sthUlAcArya evaM sthUlabhadra Adi sAdhunoM ne ujjayinI ke bAhara upavanoM meM rahanA svIkAra kara liyA para zeSa 12,000 sAdhuoM ko sAtha le kara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara diyA / zane-zanai vihAra karate hue prAcArya bhadrabAhu apane sAdhusamUha sahita eka gahana evaM vistIrNa vana meM phuNce| vahAM eka adbhuta gaganaghoSa ko suna kara nimitta-jJAna se bhadrabAhu ko jJAta ho gayA ki aba unakA antima samaya sannikaTa hI hai / unhoMne tatkSaNa dazapUrvadhara vizAkhAcArya ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kiyA aura zramaNasaMgha se kahA ki aba unakI prAyu kA ati svalpa samaya avaziSTa rahA hai ataH ve usI vana kI kisI girikandarA meM rheNge| unhoMne vizAkhAcArya ke netRtva meM zramaNasaMgha ko bAraha varSa paryanta dakSiNa deza meM hI vicaraNa karate rahane kA Adeza diyaa| vizAkhAcArya aura anya zramaNoM ne yaha saba kucha suna kara zokasaMtapta ho atyanta prAgrahapUrvaka prArthanA kI ki samagra zramaNasaMgha ko apane prAcArya kI antima sevA kA lAbha lene diyA jAya / para antatogatvA guru prAjJA ko zirodhArya kara vizAkhAcArya ko zramaNasaMgha ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra karanA pdd'aa| candragupti muni, bhadrabAhu dvArA bAra-bAra zramaNasaMgha ke sAtha cale jAne kA Agraha kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM hI rahe / __ prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne yaugika vidhi se apane mana, vacana, kAya ke samasta yogoM kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha kara eka giriguhA meM saMlekhanA kI / usa nirjana bIhar3a vana meM AhAra-pAnI kA milanA nitAnta asaMbhava samajha kara candragupti muni kaI dina taka upavAsa para upavAsa karate hue rAta dina nirantara guru-sevA meM rahane lge| kucha dinoM pazcAt muni candragupti ko guru-prAjJA zirodhArya kara vana meM bhikSArtha jAnA pdd'aa| prathama do dina taka to devI mAyA se binA kisI dAnadAtA kI upasthiti ke nirdoSa bhojana unake samakSa prastuta hotA rahA para prAcAraniSTha muni ne use grahaNa nahIM kiyA aura vana se loTa kara sArA vRttAnta apane guru ko nivedana kara diyaa| yogI bhadrabAha ne candragupti ke prAcAra kI prazaMsA kii| tIsare dina bhikSArtha vana meM ghUmate hue candragupti muni ne dekhA ki ekAkinI strI unheM bhikSA grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kara rahI hai para ise bhI sAdhu prAcAra ke pratikUla samajha kara muni candragupti vinA bhikSA grahaNa kiye hI lauTa aaye| bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSya ke mukha se uparokta vivaraNa suna kara unakI prAcAraniSThA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| cauthe dina guru-prAzA se muni candragupti usa vana meM bhikSA eka pora nikale to unhoMne samIpa hI eka sundara nagara dekhaa| muni ne usa nagara meM praveza

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prA0 rana0 ke anusAra] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 353 kiyA to paga-paga para zraddhAlu bhaktoM ne unakA hArdika svAgata karate hue sAtvika paramAna se unheM pAraNA krvaayaa| muni candragupti ne giriguhA meM lauTa kara apane guru bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM sArA vRttAnta yathAvat nivedita kiyA aura ve aharniza guru-sevA meM nirata rahane lge| aneka dinoM ke anazana ke pazcAt cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA evaM nirmala dhyAna karate hue kAmanAzUnya ho bhadrabAhu ne samAdhipUrvaka prANatyAga kara svargagamana kiyaa| prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke svargagamana ke pazcAt bhI muni candragupti usI parvata kI guphA meM apane guru ke caraNa aMkita kara una caraNoM kI sevA evaM zramaNadharma kA pAlana karate hue rahane lage / / udhara avantI rAjya meM rAmalya, sthUlAcArya, aura sthUlabhadra prAdi jo muni prAcArya bhadrabAha ke Adeza kA ullaMghana kara ujjayinI meM rahe the, unako bhISaNa durbhikSa ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke saMkaToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| durbhikSa ke prArambha meM koTipati kuberamitra Adi dAnI evaM dharmAtmA zreSThiyoM ne muktahasta ho akAla pIr3itoM ko dhana-dhAnyAdika kA dAna diyA para jyoM hI akAlagrasta anya kSetroM ke logoM ko una zreSThiyoM dvArA diye jAne vAle dAna kA patA calA to sabhI durbhikSagrasta kSetroM kI duSkAlapIr3ita bhUkhI prajA bAr3ha kI taraha ujjayinI kI aora umar3a pdd'ii| usa bhUkhe janasamudra ke kAraNa ujjayinI kI sthiti bhI bar3I karuNa, bIbhatsa, kSubdha, astavyasta, niraMkuza aura bar3I hRdayadrAvaka bana gii| nagara ke sabhI patha, vIthiyAM, bAjAra, caugAna Adi kA cappA-cappA narakaMkAloM se ThasAThasa vyApta ho gyaa| sArI ujjayinI rakamayI dikhane lgii|' ujjayinI meM rAmalya prAdi sAdhanoM ke samakSa bhikSArtha zahara meM jAte samaya aneka prakAra kI bAdhAeM aura viSama paristhitiyAM pAne lgiiN| eka dina nagara meM zrAvakoM ke ghara AhAra karane ke pazcAt jaba zramaraNasamUha nagara ke bAhara upavana kI ora jA rahA thA to usa samaya eka muni kisI taraha una sAdhunoM se pIche raha gyaa| usI samaya bhojana kara ke prAye hue una ekAkI muni kA udara bharA huprA dekha kara kucha bhUkhe logoM ne muni ko ghera liyaa| una bubhukSita logoM ne tatkSaNa bar3I nirdayatApUrvaka usa muni kA peTa cIra DAlA aura usameM se sadyaHbhukta bhojana nikAla kara khA liyaa| isa amAnavIya hRdayadrAvaka ghaTanA se sAre nagara meM hAhAkAra vyApta ho gyaa| zrAvakasaMgha ne ekatrita ho sAdhuSoM kI surakSA hetu vicAravinimaya kiyA aura acchI taraha soca vicAra ke pazcAt munisaMgha se prArthanA kI ki jaba taka ' bhadrabAhu caritra, (ratnanaMdI) pariccheda 3, zloka 47 se 53 2 vahI, zloka 54 se 56

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354 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prA. ratna ke anusAra yaha saMkaTakAla hai, taba taka ve nagara ke madhyabhAga meM raheM, jisase ki samasta zrAvaka saMgha ko pAne pUjya zramaNoM ko surakSA va bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA ke sambandha meM nizcintatA evaM saMtoSa rhe| sAdhusaMgha zrAvakoM ke prAgraha ko na TAla sakA aura zrAvakasaMgha bar3e utsava ke sAtha munisaMgha ko usI samaya nagara meM le aayaa|' __ rAmalya, sthUlAcArya, sthUlabhadra Adi muniyoM ko AhArArtha jAte dekha kara hajAroM bhUkhe mAnavoM kI bhIr3a unako ghera letI aura bar3e karuNa svara meM khAne ke liye kucha dilAne ko unase prArthanA krtii| una bhUkhe logoM kI rukAvaTa ke kAraNa sAdhuoM ko binA bhojana liye hI punaH apane sthAna para lauTa jAnA pdd'taa| AhArArtha nikalane para muni loga una bhUkhe logoM kI apAra bhIr3a ke kAraNa kisI zrAvaka ke ghara para pahuMca taka nahIM pAte the| una bhUkhe kRSakAya narakaMkAloM ko muniyoM ke mArga meM se haTAne hetu yadi koI zraddhAlu zrAvaka unheM lakar3I prAdi se DarAne kA prayAsa karate to ve bar3I karuNa pukAra kara rone lagate / karuNa, komala cittavAle dayAlu munigaNa. una asthipaMjarAvazeSa duSkAlapIr3ita logoM kI hRdayadrAvaka karuNa pukAra se dravita ho binA pAhAra kiye hI apane sthAna ko loTa jaate| isa prakAra kI saMkaTApanna sthiti se dukhita ho zrAvaka loga munigaNa ke pAsa jAkara prArthanA karane lage- "pUjyavara ! nagara kI sampUrNa bhUmi dIna-hIna dukhI aura bhUkhe logoM se pUrNarUpeNa saMkula hai| ina logoM ke bhaya se koI grahastha kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI apane ghara ke kapATa nahIM khola paataa| isI kAraNa hama loga dina meM bhojana na banA kara rAtri meM banAte haiN| yena kena prakAreNa isa prati vikaTa dure samaya ko nikAlanA hogaa| jaba taka yaha saMkaTakAla hai taba taka prApa munigaNa rAtri ke samaya pAtroM meM hama logoM ke gharoM se pAhAra le AyA kareM aura dina ke samaya bhojana kara liyA kareM / aba dUsarA aura koI rAstA nahIM hai / ataH prApa hamArI prArthanA svIkAra kreN| zrAvakoM kI bAta sunakara una mArgabhraSTa kumArgagAmI sAdhuoM ne yaha kahate hae ki- "jaba taka acchA kAla nahIM bhAvegA taba taka aisA hI kiyA jAyagA" tumbI ke pAtra svIkAra kara liye / bhikSuka tathA kutte prAdi ke bhaya se ve loga hAtha meM daNDa dhAraNa kara gRhasthoM ke gharoM se tathA gharoM ke dvAra banda rahane kI dazA meM una banda gRhoM ke gavAkSoM se prAhAra le kara apane sthAna para lAne lage pora ve kupathagAmI sAdhu nirantara isI prakAra pAhAra lA kara apanA udarapoSaNa karane lge| 'bhAIrabhyayitA bhUyo'GgI bastahanovaram / ___ saMyatAsta: samAnItA, madhye baMgaM mahotsavAt // 61 // . bhadrabAhu paritra, pariccheda 3, zloka 72 se 75 (bhadrabAhu caritra

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mA0 ratna ke anusAra] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 355 eka samaya eka kSINakAya nagna sAdhu rAtri ke samaya lAThI va pAtra hAtha meM liye AhAra lene hetu yazobhadra zreSThI ke ghara phuNcaa| garbhavatI gRhasvAminI andhere meM muni kI bIbhatsa AkRti ko dekhakara itanI bhayavihvala huI ki tatkSaNa usakA garbha gira gyaa|' isa prakANDa kANDa ko dekhakara muni unhIM pairoM apane sthAna ko lauTa gye| yazobhadra zreSThI ke ghara meM kuharAma maca gyaa| isa duHkhada ghaTanA para zrAvakoM ne mila kara vicAravimarza kiyA aura unhoMne muniyoM ke samakSa jAkara punaH prArthanA kI ki vastutaH unakA vaha viSama svarUpa bhayotpAdaka hai ataH jaba taka subhikSa na ho jAya taba taka kandhe para kambala dhAraNa kara ke gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM rAtri ke samaya bhikSArtha jAyA kreN| maniyoM ne zrAvakoM kI usa prArthanA ko bhI svIkAra kara liyA aura ve dhIre-dhIre zithilAcArI banakara vratAdi meM doSa lagAne lge| isa prakAra usa bAraha varSa ke mahAvinAzakArI bhISaNa bhikSa meM gRhasthoM aura muniyoM.ko aneka prakAra ke dAruNa duHkha sahane pdd'e| bAraha varSa bIta jAne para acchI varSA hone ke kAraNa jaba punaH subhikSa humA to daivI prakopa se pIr3ita prajA ne sukha kI sAMsa lii| ___avantI pradeza meM subhikSa hone kI sUcanA milane para vizAkhAcArya ne bhI apane munimaNDala sahita dakSiNa se uttarI kSetroM kI ora vihAra kiyaa| kramazaH aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue ve usa vikaTa vana meM Aye jahAM bhadrabAhu ne samAdhi lI thii| muni candragupti dvArA aMkita bhadrabAhu ke caraNayugala meM una saba ne praNAma kiyaa| ___ muni candragupti ne vizAkhAcArya ko praNAma kiyA para vizAkhAcArya ne yaha vicArate hue prativandana nahIM kiyA ki zrAvakoM se vihIna usa vikaTa vana meM vaha muni 12 varSa taka kisa prakAra zramaNAcAra kA pAlana kara sakA hogaa| usa vana meM kahIM bhojana nahIM milegA, isa vicAra se usa dina vizAkhAcArya evaM unake sAtha pAye hue saba muniyoM ne upavAsa rkhaa| ___ dUsare dina muni candragupti ne vizAkhAcArya se nivedana kiyA ki pAsa meM eka bar3A nagara hai, usameM zraddhAlu zrAvaka nivAsa karate haiM ataH vahAM jAkara samasta munimaNDala AhAra grahaNa kre| usa vana meM koI bar3A nagara bhI hai, yaha sunakara saba muniyoM ko bar3A pAzcarya humA maura ve vahAM bhikSArtha gye| usa nagara meM zraddhAlu zrAvakoM ne paga-paga para muniyoM kA vandana-satkAra kiyA aura unheM bhojana kraayaa| pAraNA karane ke pazcAt zramaNa saMgha prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke samAdhisthala para lauTa aayaa| munimaNDala ke sAtha kA eka brahmacArI usa nagara meM bhojanoparAnta apanA kamaNDalu bhUla pAyA thA ataH vaha apanA kamaNDalu lene ke liye punaH 'yahI, zloka 78, 76 vahI, zloka 81, 82, 84 /

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356 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mA0 rala0 ke anusAra nagara kI ora gyaa| para yaha dekhakara usake prAzcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA ki usa sthAna para nagara kA nAmonizAM taka nhiiN| kevala usakA kamaNDalu eka vRkSa kI TahanI para TaMgA huA hai| brahmacArI apanA kamaNDalu liye munimaNDala ke pAsa lauTA aura vizAkhAcArya Adi samasta muniyoM ko Azcarya meM DAlate hue usa 'nagara ke antardhAna hone aura vRkSa kI TahanI para apane kamaNDalu ke milane kA sArA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| vizAkhAcArya ne kahA ki nizcita rUpa se yaha saba kucha muni candragupti ke vizuddha cAritra kA camatkAra thaa| inhIM ke puNya pratApa se devatAoM ne usa mAyAnagarI kI racanA kI thii| vizAkhAcArya ne muni candragupti kI utkaTa cAritraniSThA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue unheM prativandanA kara kahA- "munizreSTha ! devatAoM dvArA kalpita AhAra muni ko lenA ucita nahIM ataH saba ko isakA prAyazcitta kara lenA caahiye|" ____ vizAkhAcArya ke AdezAnusAra muni candragupti aura sabhI munimaNDala ne devapiNDa-grahaNa kA prAyazcitta kiyaa| tadanantara vizAkhAcArya ne apane muniyoM ke sAtha ujjayinI kI ora vihAra kiyaa| aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue ve ujjayinI Aye aura nagara ke vAhara eka sundara upavana meM Thahare / sthUlAcArya ne samasta munisaMgha sahita vizAkhAcArya ke lauTane kA samAcAra suna kara apane ziSyoM ko unheM dekhane ke liye bhejA / sthUlAcArya ke ziSyoM ne vizAkhAcArya ke pAsa pahaMca kara unheM bhaktipUrvaka vandanA kii| vizAkhAcArya ne binA prativandana kiye hI unase pUchA - "are ! merI anupasthiti meM tuma logoM ne yaha konasA darzana (mata) apanA liyA hai ?" isa para sthUlAcArya ke ziSya lajjita ho binA kucha uttara diye hI apane guru ke pAsa lauTa gaye aura unheM pUrA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| isa para rAmalya, sthalAcArya aura sthUlabhadra ne apane saba muniyoM ko ekatrita kara mantraNA kI ki aba unheM kisa sthiti ko apanAnA cAhiye? vRddha sthUlAcArya ne apanA yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA ki aba unheM kumArga kA parityAga kara jinendra bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita, mokSa kI prApti karAne vAle chedopasthApanIya cAritra ko hI apanAnA cAhiye / sthUlAcArya ke uparokta vacana suna kara ve muni loga kruddha ho sthUlAcArya ko kosate hae kahane lage- "isa viSama paMcama prAraka meM aise sasAdhya mArga kA parityAga kara kauna itane kaSTakara dussAdhya, bAvIsa parISahoM aura antarAyAdi se kaNTa kAkIrNa durUha patha ko apanAyegA ?" sthUlAcArya ne una sAdhuoM ko samajhAne kA prayAsa karate hue kahA- "abhI to yaha patha tumheM kimmAka phara ke samAna manohara pratIta hotA hai kintu panta meM isakA pariNAma atyanta dukhadAyaka hogaa| yaha mArga muktiprada nahIM apitu anantakAla taka bhavabhramaNa karAne vAlA hai|"

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357 prA0 ratna0 ke anusAra] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu . sthUlAcArya kI bAta suna kara katipaya sAdhuoM ne to usI samaya mUlamArga apanA liyA kintu bahuta se muni kruddha ho sthUlAcArya ko DaNDoM se pITane lage / una muniyoM ne sthUlAcArya ko bar3I nirdayatApUrvaka mAra kara vahIM eka gahare gaDDhe meM DAla diyA / prArtadhyAna ke sAtha mara kara sthUlAcArya vyantara deva hue| avadhijJAna se apane pUrvajanma kA vRttAnta jAna kara sthUlAcArya ke jIva vyantara deva ne agni, dhUli aura patthara Adi kI vRSTi kara una sAdhuoM ko taraha-taraha ke ghora kaSTa dene prArambha kiye| ___ vyantara dvArA diye gaye ghora kaSToM se pIr3ita ho una sAdhuoM ne vyantara se kSamAyAcanA karate hue sthUlAcArya kI haDDI tathA cAra aMgula caur3I, pATha aMgula lambI lakar3I kI paTTI meM szulAcArya kI kalpanA kara unakI pUjA karanA prArambha kiyaa| kAlAntara meM vaha vyantara deva ina logoM kA paryupAsana nAmaka kuladevatA kahalAne lagA, jo Aja bhI gandhAdi dravyoM se pUjA jAtA hai / vahI Azcaryajanaka arddhaphAlaka mata kaliyuga kA bala pAkara Aja saba logoM meM phaila gyaa|" yaha hai, vibhinna kAla meM hue bhadrabAhu nAmaka prAcAryoM ke sAtha zvetAmbaradigambara matabheda kI utpatti ko jor3ane kA eka prakAra se Rmika itihAsa / digambara paramparA ke vibhinna granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha tathya sAmane prAtA hai ki vibhinnakAla meM bhadrabAhu nAma ke nimnalikhita 5 prAcArya hue haiM : , (1) aMtima zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu, jinakA svargavAsa vI0ni0 saM0 162 meM huA aura jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke veM paTTadhara the| (2) 26veM paTTadhara prAcArya bhadrabAha apara nAma yazobAha jo pATha aMgoM ke dhAraka the aura jinakA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 462 se 515 taka kA mAnA gayA hai| (3) prathama aMgadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu, jinakA kAla vI0ni0saM0 1000 ke pAsa-pAsa kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai / yathA : aggima aMgI subhaddo, jasabhaddo bhaddabAhu prmgnnii| pAyariyaparaMparAi, evaM sudaNANamAvahadi // 47 // [maMga pannatti, cUlikA prakIrNaka prajJapti] (4) nandIsaMgha, balAtkAra gaNa kI paTTAvalI ke anusAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu jinakA prAcAryakAla vI0 ni0 saM0 606 se 631 mAnA gayA hai| inhIM ke ziSya kA nAma guptigupta thaa|' aisA pratIta hotA hai ki inhIM bhadrabAhu aura guptigupta ke kathAnaka ko thor3A atiraMjita karake kahIM zrutakevalI bhadrabAha kI jIvanI ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA ho / guru-ziSya ke nAma mora unakA kAla bhI karIba-karIba vahI hai| (5) nimittajJa bhadrabAhu jo ekAdazAMgI ke viccheda ke pazcAda hue| zrutaskandha ke kartA ke anusAra inakA samaya vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI baiThatA na siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR. 333

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358 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrA0 ratna0 ke anusAra hai / ' kyoMki vI0 ni0 saM0 653 meM ekAdazAMgI kA viccheda ho jAne ke anantara inakA ullekha diyA hai / uparivariNata ullekhoM para gambhIratA se vicAra karane ke pazcAt kevala itihAsa kA vidvAn hI nahIM apitu sAdhAraNa vidyArthI bhI isI niSkarSa para pahuMcegA ki ye sabhI ullekha sambhavataH kiMvadantiyoM, dantakathAoM aura lokakathAoM ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiM / vastutaH inake pIche koI Thosa AdhAra athavA puSTa pramAraNa nahIM hai / Upara uddhRta kI gaI sabhI mAnyatAoM ke nirasana karane vAle aneka pramANa svayaM digambara paramparA meM vidyamAna haiN| unameM se eka prabala zrIra Thosa pramANa hai pArzvanAtha bastI kA zilAlekha, jisakA abhilekhanakAla zaka saMvat 522 tadanusAra vikrama saMvat 657 aura vIra nirvANa saMvat 1127 hai / usa zilAlekha meM kramazaH gautama, lohArya, jambU, viSNu, deva, aparAjita, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu, vizAkha, proSThila, kRttikAya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa aura buddhila ina 16 AcAryoM ke nAma dene ke pazcAt inakI uttaravartI zrAcAryaparamparA meM hue prAcArya bhadrabAhu ko nimittajJa batAte hue yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki una bhadrabAhu svAmI ne apane nimittajJAna se bhAvI dvAdazavArSika duSkAla kI saMgha ko sUcanA dii| tadanantara samasta saMgha ne dakSiNApatha kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| nAmasAmya se huI bhrAnti jisa prakAra gaNadhara maMDita aura mauryaputra kI mAtAoM ke kevala nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcArya, AvazyakacUriMNakAra Adi aneka prAcIna vidvAn prAcAryoM ne mauryaputra ko maMDita kA laghu sahodara batA kara yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta kara dI ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva bharatakSetra ke katipaya prAntoM ke uccakulIna brAhmaNoM taka meM vidhavAvivAha kI prathA pracalita thI / kisI ne AgamoM tathA itara sAhitya meM bAra-bAra doharAye gaye isa tathya kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA ki jinheM choTA bhAI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai, vaha mauryaputra vastutaH maMDita se vaya meM choTe nahIM apitu teraha varSa bar3e the / ThIka usI prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 156 se 170 taka AcArya pada para rahe hue chedasUtrakAra - caturdazapUrvaghara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ko aura vIra ni0 saM0 1032 (zaka saM0 427 ) ke aAsapAsa vidyamAna varAhamihira ke sahodara bhadrabAhu ko eka ' prAyariyo bhaddabAhu, praTThagamahariNamitta jANyaro rigaNAsaha kAlavasaM, sa carimo hu riNamittiyo hodi ||80|| - 2 $........... [ zrutaskandha ] "mahAvIra savitari parinivR te bhagavatparamarSi gautamagaraNa- gharasAkSAcchiSyalohAryajambu - viSa vAparAjita - govarddhana bhadrabAhu - vizAkha proSThila - kRtikAya - jayanAma - siddhArtha dhRtiSeraNa - buddhilAdi guru - paramparINa vakra (ka) mAbhyAgata mahA puruSa saMtatisamavadyortitAnvaya bhadrabAhusvAminA ujjayanyAmaSTAMga mahAnimittatatvajJena kAtyadarzinA nimittena dvAdazasaMvatsarakAlavaiSamyamupAlabhya kathite sarvvasaMgha uttarApathAdakSiNApathaM prasthitaH / [ pArzvanAtha vasti kA zilAlekha ]

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nAmasAmya se huI bhrAnti] zrutake valI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 356 hI vyakti mAnane kA bhrama bhI kAphI prAcIna samaya se vidvAnoM meM calA A rahA hai| isa prakAra kI bhrAnta dhAraNA kA janma sarvaprathama kisa samaya aura kisa vidvAn ke mastiSka meM utpanna huaA yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bahata prAcIna samaya se zvetAmbara paramparA meM yaha mAnyatA calI A rahI hai ki caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya zrI bhadrabAha svAmI ke dvArA hI chedasUtroM kI tathA niyuktiyoM kI bhI racanA kI gaI thii| sarvaprathama saMbhavataH DA0 harmana jaikobI ne I0 saM0 1631 meM isa mAnyatA kI samIkSA karate hue prAcArya hemacandrakRta "pariziSTa parva" ke inTroDakzana meM likhA : "There are ten Sutras to which Bhadra Bahu, a late namesake of the sixth patriarch, has written Niryukties, i.e., systematic expositions of the subject of Sutra to which they belong." (Parisista Parva, Introductory, page 6] DA0 harmana jaikobI ne isase Age pR0 7 para aura likhA hai : The author of the Niryukties Bhadraba hu is identified by the Jains with the patriarch of that name who died 170 A. V. There can be no doubt that they are mistaken. For the account of seven schisms (Ninhaga) in the Avashyaka Niryukti VIII 56-100 must-have been written 584 and 609 of the Vira Era. There are the dates of the 7th and 8th schisms of which only the former is mentioned in the Niryukti. It is therefore, certain that the Niryukti was composed before the 8th schism 609 A.V. DA0 harmana jaikobI dvArA isa tathya ke prakAza meM lAye jAne ke pazcAt aneka anya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa dizA meM anusandhAna aura chAnabIna karanA prArambha kiyA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa aneka vicAraNIya tathya vidvAnoM ke sAmane mAye / chevasUtrakAra zrutakevalI bhAbAhu isa tathya ko sabhI vidvAn eka mata se svIkAra karane lage haiM ki chedasUtroM ke kartA prasaMdigdha rUpa se caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu hI haiM / yadyapi cheda sUtroM ke prAdi, madhya athavA anta meM kahIM para bhI granthakAra ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM hai phira bhI inake pazcAdvartI granthakAroM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM jo ullekha kiye haiM, unake prAdhAra para yaha nizcita rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki chedasUtroM ke kartA caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI hI haiM / 1 vIramokSAvarSazate, saptatyane gate sati / . bhadrabAhurapi svAmI, yayau svarga samAdhinA / / 112 / / [pariziSTa parva, sarga 6]

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360 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ chedasUtrakAra zruta0 bhadrabAhu - dazAzrutaskandha sUtra ke niyuktikAra ne niyukti ke prArambha meM likhA hai : vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM, pAINaM carima sagalasuyanAriNaM / suttassa kAragamisi, dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre || 1 || arthAt meM dazAzrutaskandha, kalpa aura vyavahAra sUtra ke praNetA prAcIna gotrIya evaM antima zrutakevalI maharSi bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra karatA hUM / yaha eka adbhuta saMyoga kI bAta hai ki dazAzrutaskandha ke niyuktikAra kA nAma bhI bhadrabAhu hai aura ve bhadrabAhu namaskAra kara rahe haiM prAcIna gotrIya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko / vastutaH yaha eka bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa aura nirNAyaka tathya hai jisa para Age vicAra kiyA jAyagA / paMcakalpa mahAbhASyakAra ne uparilikhita gAthA meM varigata tathyoM kI puSTi nimnalikhita rUpa meM kI hai : bhaddaMti suMdaraM ti ya, tullattho jattha suMdarA bAhU / so hoti bhaddabAhu, goNNaM jeNaM tu bAlatte // 6 // pAe ra lakkhijjai, pesalabhAvo tu bAhujuyalassa / uvavaNNamato raNAmaM, tasse yaM bhaddabAhutti ||7|| to vi bhaddabAhU, visesaraNaM goNNagahaNa pAINaM / aNosi pavisiTThe, visesaraNaM carimasagalasutaM // 8 // carimo pacchimo khalu coddasapuvvA tu hoti sagalasutaM / sesAraNa vudA saTThA, suttakarajbhayaraNameyassa || || ki teraNa kayaM taM tU, jaM bhaNNati tassa kArato sou / bhaNgati garaNadhArIhiM savvasuyaM ceva puvvakayaM // 10 // tattocciya rigajjUDhaM praguga haraNaTThAe saMpayajatIraNaM / to suttakArato khalu, sa bhavati dasakappa vavahAre / / 11 / / ina gAthAoM meM sundara bhujAoM vAle prAcIna gotrIya evaM antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI chedasUtrakAra ke rUpa meM stuti karate hue bhASyakAra ne isa bAta kA saMketa kiyA hai ki bhadrabAhu nAma ke anya bhI prAcArya hue haiM / ataH pezala - sundarabhuja, prAcIna gotrIya aura antima zrutakevalI ye vizeSaNa cheda sUtrakAra bhadrabAhu ke liye prayukta kiye haiM / yaha dhyAna meM rahe ki ina gAthAoM meM uparyukta tIna vizeSaraNoM se yukta bhadrabAhu ke niryuktikAra hone kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| niryuktikAra aura bhASyakAra donoM ne hI AcArya bhadrabAhu ko dazAzruta, kalpa aura vyavahAra ina tIna chedasUtroM kA karttA mAnA hai / paMcakalpa bhASya kI cUriMga meM inheM zrAcArakalpa arthAt nizItha sUtra kA praNetA' bhI batAyA gayA hai| vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM praNIta "titthogAliya paiNNA" nAmaka grantha meM 1 teraNa bhagavatA prAyArapakalpa-dasA kappa-vavahArA ya navamapuvvanIsaMdabhUtA nijjUr3hA / [ paMcakalpacUriMga / patra 1 ]

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vedasUtrakAra zruta0 bhadrabAhu] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu bhI prAcArya bhadrayAhu kA caturdazapUrvadhara aura chedasUtrakAra ke rUpa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ina uparilikhita pramANoM se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki aMtima zratakevalI prAcIna gotrIya prAcArya bhadrabAha chedasUtroM ke nirmAtA the| praba sabase bar3A yaha prazna sAmane prAtA hai ki daza niyuktiyoM ke kartA antima zrutakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu the athavA bhadrabAhu nAma ke anya koI praacaary| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana ke sAtaveM paTTadhara caturdaza pUrvadhara AcAryabhadrabAhu vartamAna meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra naimittika bhadrabAhu se bhinna haiN| donoM samAna nAma vAle mahApuruSoM ko eka hI vyakti ThaharAne ke pakSa meM jo prAcIna prAcAryoM ke ullekha katipaya vidvAnoM dvArA pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye jAte haiM unakI praucityAnaucityatA para vicAra karane se pahale unheM yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai : 1. proSa niyukti kI droNAcArya kRta TIkA meM caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu svAmI ko hI niyUMktikAra batAte hue likhA hai : guNAdhikasya vandanaM karttavyaM na tvaSamasya, yata uktam - "guNAhie vaMdaNayaM / " bhadrabAhu svAminazcaturdazapUrvadharatvAd dazapUrvadharAdInAM ca nyUnatvAt kiM teSAM namaskAramasau karoti ? iti / atrocyate guNAdhikA eva te,avyavacchitti guNAdhikyAt, prato na doSa iti / " (patra 3) 2. zIlAMkAcAryakRta prAcArAMga kI TIkA patra 4 para - "anuyogadAyinaH sudharmasvAmiprabhRtayaH yAvadasya bhagavato niyuktikArasya bhadrabAhusvAminazcaturdazapUrvadharasyAcAryoM pratastAn sarvAniti / " aisA ullekha hai| 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI zAntisUri dvArA kRta pAiya TIkA ke patra 136 para bhI likhA hai : "na ca keSAMcidihodAharaNAnAM niyuktikAlAkkiAlAbhAvitA ityanyoktatvamAzaMkanIyam, sa hi bhagavAMzcaturdazapUrvavit zrutakevalo kAlatrayaviSayaM vastu pazyatyeveti kathamanyakRtatvAzaMkA ? iti / " 4. vizeSAvazyaka TIkA, patra 1 para maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne likhA hai :'satamato piravAhU jANuyasImuparinyaya subAhU / nAmeNa bhavAhU pavihi sAdhammamahotti / / so viya codasapumbI, vArasavAsAI jogpddiynno| sutatyeNa nibaMdhaha, pratyaM prajjhayaNa bandhassa / / [tisyogAliyapaiNA (aprakAzita)]

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362 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [cheda0 zruta mAvAhu "asya cAtIva gambhIrArthatAM sakala sAdhu-zrAvakavargasya nityopayogitAM ca vijJAya caturdaza-pUrvadhareNa zrImadbhadrabAhunatadvyAkhyAnarUpA "abhinibohiyanANaM" ityAdi prasiddha grantharUpA niyuktikRttaa|" / 5. malayagiri ne bRhatkalpapIThikA kI TIkA, patra 2 para likhA hai : sAdhUnAmanugrahAya caturdazapUrvadhareNa bhagavatA bhadrabAhusvAminA kalpasUtra, vyavahArasUtra cakAri, ubhayorapi ca sUtraspazika niyuktiH / " .. 6. vRhatkalpapIThikA kI zrI kSemakItisUri kRta TIkA ke patra 177 para ullekha hai ki "zrImadAvazyakAdisiddhAntapratibaddhaniyuktizAstra saMsUtraNasUtradhAra"....... zrI bhadrabAhusvAmI....""kalpadheyanAmAdhyayanaM niyuktiyukta niyUMr3havAn / " - 7. muni sundarasUri ne 'gurvAvalI' meM caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI aura 'upasargaharastotra' ke racayitA bhadrabAhu ko eka hI mahApuruSa batAte hue likhA hai : apazcimaH pUrvabhRtAM dvitIyaH, zrI bhadrabAhuzca gurU: zivAya / kRtvopasargAdiharastavaM yo, rarakSa saMghaM dharaNArcitAMhriH // 13 // niyU~DhasiddhAntapayodhirApa, svaryazca vIrAt khanagenduvarSe / 8. gacchAcAra painnA kI vRtti meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura niyUMktikAra bhadrabAhu ko eka hI vyakti batAte hue likhA hai : "atthi siribharavariThe...."aha jugappahANAgamo siribhaddabAhusAmI. AyArAMga 1. sUyagaDAMga 2. Avassaya 3. dasavaiyAliya 4, uttarajjhayaNa 5, dasA 6, kappa 7, vavahAra 8, sUriyapannatti uvaMga 6, risibhAsiyAraNaM 10 dasa niyuttimo kAUraNa jiNasAsaNaM pabhAveUraNaM paMcamasuyakevalipayamaNahaviUraNa ya samae aNasaNavihANeNa tidasAvAsaM pattotti / " uparokta sabhI ullekha prAmANika prAcAryoM dvArA kiye gaye haiN| inameM prAcArya zIlAMka kA ullekha sabase prAcIna-arthAt vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha athavA nauvIM zatAbdI ke prArambha kA hai| uparokta ullekhoM meM sabhI prAcAryoM ne caturdazapUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhusvAmI ko hI niyuktikAra mAnA hai para apanI isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM zAntyAcArya ke atirikta kisI bhI vidvAn prAcArya ne koI yukti prastuta nahIM kI hai| sAdhAraNa taura para kevala yaha ullekha mAtra kiyA hai ki caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI niyuktikAra the| zAntyAcArya ne caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ko hI niyuktikAra ThaharAne kI apanI mAnyatA ke pakSa meM yaha yukti dI hai ki uttarAdhyayana kI niyukti meM niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu svAmI ne apane se bahuta kAla pazcAt hue mahApuruSoM ke va unase sambandhita udAharaNa diye haiM - unake AdhAra para koI yaha zaMkA na kara

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chedasUtrakAra zrRMta bhadrabAhu] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu baiThe ki uttarAdhyayana kI niyukti caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA racita nahIM apitu kisI anya dvArA racita hai athavA ye udAharaNa kisI anya prAcArya dvArA isameM jor3e gaye haiM / kyoMki AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI zrutakevalI hone ke kAraNa trikAladarzI the aura apane pazcAdvartI arvAcIna mahApuruSoM ke sambandha meM bhI vivaraNa likhane meM samartha the| takevalI bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra nahIM caturdaze pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra nahI ho sakate, isa tathya kI puSTi meM nimna likhita pramANa draSTavya haiM :- 1. caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu niyuktiyoMke kartA nahIM haiM / yadi ve niyuktikAra hote to ve apane ApakI stuti karate hue svayaM ko namaskAra nahIM karate aura na apane ziSya Arya sthUlabhadra kA 'bhagavAn sthUlabhadra' ina stutyAtmaka zabdoM meM guNagAna hI karate / para niyuktiyoM meM isa prakAra ke lokavyavahAra viruddha udAharaNa vidyamAna haiM / dazAzrutaskandha-niyukti kI pahalI gAthA meM niyuktikAra dvArA bhadrabAhu svAmI ko nimnalilita zabdoM meM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai : vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM, pAiNaM carimasagalasuyanAriMga / suttassa kAragamisiM, dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre / / 1 / / yadi caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra hote to kyA ve apane Apako isa prakAra vandana karate ? kadApi nhiiN| sabhya saMsAra ke sAhitya meM eka bhI isa prakAra kA udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisameM kisI sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa athavA mahAn se mahAn vyakti ne apane Apako namaskAra kiyA ho / lokagurU tIrthakara bhI "namo titthassa" kaha kara tIrtha ko namaskAra karate haiM na ki svayaM ko| ___ yahAM yaha zaMkA uThAI jA sakatI hai ki yaha gAthA niyuktikAra kI nahIM apitu bhASyakAra kI hai athavA prakSipta hai / para curiNakAra ke nimnalikhita spaSTIkaraNa ke pazcAt isa prakAra kI zaMkA ke liye koI avakAza nahIM raha jaataa| cUriNakAra ne isa gAthA ko bhAvamaMgala kI saMjJA dete hue niyukti kI mUla gAyA batAyA hai : cUNi :- taM puraNa maMgalaM nAmAdi caturvidhaM prAvassagANukkameNa paraveyavvaM / tattha bhAvamaMgalaM nijjUttikAro Aha - "vaMdAmi, bhaddabAhaM....."ityAdi / bhahabAha nAmeNaM / pAIyo gotteNaM / carimo apcchimo| sagalAI cohspuvvaaiN| ki nimitaM namokkAro tassa kajjati ? ucyate jeNa suttassa kArapoNa aspassa, attho tityagarAto pasUto / jeNa bhaNNati - "pratthaM bhAsati parahA0 gAthA / kataraM suttaM? dasAno kappo vavahAro ya / katarAto uddhRtam / ucyate pcckkhaannpunnyaato| prahavA bhAvamaMgalaM naMdI sA taheva caunvihA / chedasUtroM meM dazAzrutaskandha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI sarvaprathama kRti ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai, isI liye niyuktikAra ne dazAzrutaskandha kI niyukti meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai|

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64 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [zruta0 bha0 niyuM * nahIM O uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI niyukti meM niyuktikAra ne AcArya sthUlabhadra ko bhagavAn kI upamA se alaMkRta karate hue unakA nimnalikhita zabdoM meM guraNagAna kiyA hai : 'bhagavaM pi thUlabhaddo, tikkhe cakammizro na uraNa chinno / praggisihAe vuttho cAummAse na uraNa daDUDho || sAdhAraNa buddhi vAlA vyakti bhI niryukti kI isa gAthA ko dekhakara yahI kahegA ki isa niyukti ke karttA yadi zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hote to ve apane ziSya kI bhagavAn ke tulya isa prakAra stuti nahIM karate / ina donoM gAthAoM kI ora zAntyAcArya ne dhyAna diyA hotA to ve kadApi uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke parISahAdhyayana kI TIkA meM " na ca keSAMcidihodAharaNAnAM niyuktikAlAddarvAkkAlA - bhAvitA ityanyoktatvamAzaMkanIyam, sa hi bhagavAMzcatudeza pUrvavit zrutakevalI kAlatrayaviSayaM vastu pazyatyeveti kathamanyakRtatvAzaMkA ? iti" yaha kabhI nahIM likhate / kyoMki zrutakevalI trikAlavartI vastunoM ko dekhate haiM lekina svayaM ko namaskAra karane aura apane ziSya kI bhagavAn tulya stuti karane jaise loka vyavahAra viruddha AcaraNa kadApi nahIM kara sakate / 2. caturdaza pUrvaghara prAcArya bhadrabAhu nirmuktikAra nahIM haiM, isa pakSa kA prabala samarthaka dUsarA pramANa yaha hai ki zrAvazyaka niyukti kI gAthA saMkhyA 762, 763, 773, aura 774 meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA gayA hai ki vajrasvAmI ke samaya ( vI0 ni0 saM0 584 tadanusAra vi0 saM0 114) taka kAlika sUtroM kA pRthak pRthak anuyoga ke rUpa meM vibhAjana nahIM huA thA / vajrasvAmI ke pazcAt devendravandita zrArya rakSita ne samaya ke prabhAva se apane vidvAn ziSya durbalikA puSyamitra kI smaraNazakti ke hrAsa ko dekhakara sUtroM kA pRthakkaraNa cAra anuyogoM ke rUpa meM kiyA / ' paTTAvaliyoM meM prArya rakSita ke vI0 ni0 saM0 567 meM svargastha hone kA ullekha milatA hai / aisI dazA meM vI0 ni0 saM0 584 se 567 ke bIca meM cAra " mUDharaNaiyaM suyaM kAliyaM, tu ga gayA samoyaraMti ihaM / dhaputa samoyAro pratthi puhutta samoyAro / / 762 / / jAti prajjavairA, prapuhata kAliyAraNudyoge ya / teraNAreNa puhuta, kAliyasuya diTThivAe ya / / 763 / / prahataM maraNubhogo, battAri duvAra bhAsaI ego / pahattAraNubhogakaraNe te pratyatamro u vocchinnA / / 773 / / devidavaM Diehi, mahANubhAgehi rakkhi bhajjehi / jugamAsajja vibhatto, dharaNubhogo to kamro cauhA / / 774 || matra zrI svAmizrIvAsenayoraMtarAlakAle zrImadAyaM rakSitasUriH zrIdurbalikApuSya (mitra) zveti krameNa yugapradhAnadvayaM saMjAtaM / tatra zrImadAyaM rakSitasUriH saptanavatyadhikapaMcazata 567 varSAnta svargabhAgiti paTTAvasyAdI dRzyate paramAvazyakavRtyAdI zrImadArtha - rakSita sUrINAM svarthagamanAnantaraM caturazItyadhikapaMcazata 584 varSAnta saptama ninharvotpattiruktAsti / tara bahuta tagamyamiti / [tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ( dharmasAgara gariracita), gA.0 6 ]

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chedasUtrakAra zruta0 bhadrabAhu] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 365 anuyogoM ke rUpa meM kiye gaye sUtroM ke vibhAjana kI ghaTanA kA ullekha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA kiyA jAnA saMbhava evaM buddhigamya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki unakA vIra ni0 saMvat 170 meM svargavAsa ho cukA thaa| 3. prAvazyaka niyukti kI gAthA 764 se 766 aura 773 se 776 meM vajrasvAmI ke vidyAguru sthavira bhadragupta, 'Arya siMhagiri, zrI vajrasvAmI', AcArya tosaliputra, Arya rakSita, phalgurakSita Adi, .zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM se sambandhita vivaraNoM ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha vajra RSi ko aneka bAra vaMdana-namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ko niyuktikAra kadApi nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kzoMki unake dvArA apane se bahuta kAla pazcAt hae prAcAryoM ke prati isa prakAra ke vinaya-vandananamana Adi kI kisI bhI dazA meM saMgati nahIM ho sktii| 4. piNDa niyukti kI gAthA 468 meM prAcArya pAdaliptasUri ke sambandha meM tathA 503 se 505 gAthAoM meM vajrasvAmI ke mAmA Arya samitasUri ke sambandha meM aura brahmadvIpika tApasoM kI zramaNadIkSA evaM brahmadvIpika zAkhA kI tuMbavaraNasagnivesAmo, niggayaM piusagAsamallINaM / chammAsiyaM chasu jayaM, mAuya samantiyaM vande / / 764 / / jo gujjhaehiM bAlo, nimantimro bhoyaNeNa vAsaMte / Necchai viNIyaviNo, taM vayararisiM 'NamaMsAmi / / 765 / / ujjaNIe jo jaMbhagehiM, prANakkhiUraNa thuyamahiyo / akkhINamahANasiyaM, sIhagiripasaMsiyaM vaMde // 766 / / jassa araguNNae vAyagattaNe dasapurammiNayaramma / devehiM kayA mahimA, payANusAri raNamaMsAmi / / 767 / / jo kannAi dhaNeNa ya, NimaMtimro juvvaNammi gihavaiNA / nayarammi . kusuma nAme, taM vairarisiM raNamasAmi / / 768 / / jeNuddharimA vijjA, pAgAsagamA mhaaprinnnnaayo|| vaMdAmi prajjavairaM, apacchimo jo suyaharANaM / / 766 / / apuhutte aNuprogo, cattAri duvAra bhAsaI ego| puhuttANuprogakaraNe te atthatamro u vocchinnA / / 773 / / devidevaMdiehi, mahANubhAgehiM rakhi ajjehiM / jugamAsajja vibhatto, aNuprogo to kamo cauhA / / 774 / / mAyA ya rudda somA, piyA ya nAmeNa somadeva tti / bhAyA ya phaggura kkhiya, tosaliputtA ya pAyariyA / / 775 / / nijjavaraNa bhaddagutte, vIsuM par3haNaMca tassa puvvagayaM / pavAviyo ya bhAyA, rakkhiyakhamaNehiM jaraNapo ya / / 776 / / [prAvazyaka niyukti

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366 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [cheda0 zruta0 bhadrabAhu utpatti Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ' ina gAthAoM meM ullikhita vivaraNa zrutakevalI bhadravAhu se bahuta kAla pazcAt hue prAcAryoM tathA una prAcAryoM ke samaya meM ghaTita huI ghaTanAoM se sambandha rakhate haiM / 5. uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI niyukti kI gAthA saMkhyA 120 meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se bahuta samaya pazcAt hue kAlikAcArya ke jIvana kI ghaTanAgroM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / yathA : ujjeriNa kAlakhamaNA, sAgarakhamaraNA suvnnnnbhuumiie| Ido AuyasesaM, pucchai sAdivvakaraNaM ca / / 120 // 6. vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha niyuktiyAM caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyAM nahIM, isa tathya ko siddha karane vAlA eka pravala pramANa yaha hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI niyukti (akAmamaraNIya) kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM niyuktikAra ne yaha spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai ki vaha caturdaza pUrvadhara nahIM hai : samve ee dArA, maraNavibhattIi vaNNiyA kmso| sagalaNiuNe payatthe, jiraNa cauddasapugvi bhAsaMti / / 233 / / arthAta - maiMne maraNavibhakti se sambandhita samasta dvAroM kA anakrama se varNana kiyA hai| vastutaH padArthoM kA sampUrNarUpeNa vizada varNana to kevalajJAnI aura caturdaza pUrvadhara hI karane meM samartha haiN| samasta AgamoM aura jaina sAhitya meM eka bhI isa prakAra kA udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hotA jisameM kisI kevalajJAnI ne kisI tatva kA vivecana karane ke pazcAt yaha kahA ho ki isakA pUrNarUpeNa vivecana to kevalI hI kara sakate haiM / ThIka isI prakAra yadi niyuktikAra caturdaza pUrvadhara hote to ve yaha kabhI nahIM kahate ki vastutaH padArthoM kA sampUrNarUpeNa vizada varNana to kevalajJAnI aura caturdaza pUrvadhara hI karane meM samartha haiN| yaha niyukti-gAthA hI isa bAta kA svataHsiddha pramANa hai ki niyuktikAra caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu nahIM koI anya hI prAcArya haiN| __ jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cUkA hai zAntyAcArya ne "caturdaza pUrvadhara prA0 bhadrabAhu hI niyuktikAra haiM - isa pakSa kA samarthana karate hue uparokta niyukti' jai jaha paisigI jAyAgummi pAlinagro bhamADei / taha taha sIme viyagagA, pagAsmai mujhaDarAyasma / / 468 / / nai kaNha-vinna dIva, paMcasayA tAvamAgaNa giga vasati / pavvadivamemu kulavai pAlevunAra makkAre / / 506 / / jagaNa sAvagAgA khimaga, samiyakavaNa mAiThAgaNa leveNa / sAvaya payana karaNaM, avigaNayaloe calaga dhoe / / 504 / / paDilAbhina vaccatA nivuDDa na ikUlamilagA mamiyAyo / vimhihya paMcamayA, tAvamAgaga pavana mAhA ya / / 505 / / [piNDa niyuni]

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vedasUtrakAra zruta0 bhadrabAhu] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 367 gAthA kI 'TIkA meM yaha yukti dI hai - "prAcArya bhadrabAhu caturdazapUrvadhara arthAt zrutakevalI the prataH ve trikAla ke padArthoM ko jAnane meM samartha the aisI dazA meM niyuktiyoM ke antargata arvAcIna ghaTanAoM evaM prAcAryoM ke vivaraNa dekha kara isa prakAra kI kataI zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhiye ki niyuktiyoM ke kartA caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke atirikta anya koI prAcArya haiN|' para isa gAthA kI TIkA karate samaya unheM apane svayaM ke antara se kitanA jajhanA par3A isakI jhalaka TIkA meM spaSTataH prakaTa hotI hai :___"sampratyatigambhIratAmAgamasya darzayannAtmauddhatyaparihArAyAha bhagavAn niyuktikAra : savve ee dArA gAthA vyAkhyA - 'sarvAriNa' azeSANi 'etAni' anantaramupadarzitAni 'dvArAriNa', arthapratipAdanamukhAni 'maraNavibhakteH' maraNavibhakta - yaparanAmno'syaivAdhyayanasya 'vaNitAni' prarUpitAni, mayeti zeSaH, 'kamaso' ti prAgvat kramazaH / Aha evaM sakalApi maraNavaktavyatA uktA uta na ? ityAhasakalAzca- samastA nipuNAzca-azeSavizeSa-kalitAH sakalanipuNAH tAn padArthAn iha maraNaprazastAdIna jinAzca kevalinaH caturdazaviNazca-prabhavAdayo jinacaturdazapUrviNo 'bhASante' vyaktamabhidadhati, ahaM tu mandamatitvAnna tathA varNayituM kSama ityabhiprAyaH / svayaM caturdazapUrvitve'pi yaccaturdazapUryupAdAnaM tat teSAmapi SaTsthAnapatitatvena zeSamAhAtmyakhyApanaparamaduSTameva, bhASyagAthA vA dvAragAthAdvayAdArabhya lakSyanta iti preryAnavakAza eveti gAthArthaH / / 233 // [uttarAdhyayana pAiya TIkA, patra 240] niyuktikAra ne isa gAthA meM yaha kaha kara ki - yadyapi unhoMne maraNa-vibhakti viSayaka sabhI dvAroM kA anukrama se varNana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, tathApi inakA sampUrNarUpeNa vizadavarNana to kevalI yA caturdaza pUrvadhara hI kara sakate haiM- yaha spaSTataH svIkAra kiyA hai ki na to ve kevalI haiM aura na caturdaza pUrvadhara ho| ____ zAntyAcArya ne niyuktikAra kI isa sarala aura spaSTa svIkArokti kI apane pakSa ke sAtha saMgati baiThAne hetu kliSTa kalpanA karate hue TIkA meM do yuktiyAM dI haiN| pahalI yUkti yaha ki niyuktikAra ne svayaM caturdaza pUrvadhara hote hue bhI arthajJAna kI apekSA se caturdaza pUrvadhara bhI paraspara eka dUsare se nyUnAdhika samajhane vAle hote haiM, isa dRSTi se apane se pUrva ke pUrvadharoM ko apanI apekSA adhika mahattA prakaTa karane hetu hI likhA hai ki kevalI yA caturdaza pUrvadhara hI ina padArthoM kA sampUrNa rUpa se vizada varNana kara sakate haiM / pratyeka caturdaza pUrvadhara ko, cAhe vaha pUrvavartI ho athavA pazcAdvartI - use AgamoM meM zrutakevalI ke viruda se vibhUSita kara kevalItulya prarUpaNA karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai / eka zrutakevalI cAhe vaha kitanA hI avAntarakAlavartI kyoM na ho vaha padArthoM ke nirUpaNa meM kevalItulya hai ataH vaha yaha kaha kara ki amuka-amuka viSayoM kA vivecana vaha nahIM kara sakatA hai, caudaha pUrvo ke jJAna kI hInatA apane

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368 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [chedaH zruta0 bhadrabAhu mukha se kisI bhI dazA meM prakaTa nahIM kara sakatA / zAntyAcArya isa tathya se bhalIbhAMti paricita the ataH apanI isa prathama yukti kI maucityatA aura sabalatA ke sambandha meM sazaMka hone ke kAraNa unhoMne dUsarI yUkti yaha dI- "yaha bhI adhika saMbhava hai ki dvAragAthA se isa gAthA taka kI sabhI gAthAeM mUla niyukti kI gAthAeM na hokara bhASya kI gAthAeM hoN| inakI yaha yukti to vastutaH eka prakAra se isa pakSa ko hI bala detI hai ki niyuktiyAM caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyAM nahIM / vaise inakI isa yukti ko cUNikAra kA samarthana bhI prApta nahIM hai| zAntyAcArya svayaM bhI apane abhimata kI satyatA ke sambandha meM sazaMka haiN| aisI dazA meM zAntyAcArya kA yaha abhimata ki caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu hI niyuktikAra haiM, kaise mAnya ho sakatA hai ? 7. zrukevalI bhadrabAhu niyuktikAra nahIM, isa pakSa kI puSTi hetu sAtaveM pramANa ke rUpa meM prAvazyaka niyukti kI 778 se 783 taka kI gAthAnoM ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| ina gAthAnoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha pravartana ke caudahaveM varSa se lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 584 varSa pazcAt hue sAta ninhavoM kA tathA vIra ni0 saM0606 meM huI digambara matotpatti taka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vIra ni0 saM0 170 meM svargastha hone vAle bhadrabAha dvArA yadi niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI gaI hotI to vI0 ni0 saM0 606 meM huI ghaTanAmoM kA unameM ullekha kadApi nahIM hotaa| 8. isI prakAra uttarAdhyayana sUtra kI niyukti (caturaMgIya adhyayana) kI gAthA saMkhyA 164 se 178 meM sAta ninhavoM tathA digambara mata kI utpatti kA pAvazyaka niyUMkti se bhI vistRta vivaraNa diyA huA hai| 6. dazavakAlika niyukti aura prodha niyukti kI gAthAoM meM dazava'bahuraya paesa anvata samuccha duga tiga prabaddhigA ceva / sattee piNhagA khalu tithammi u vaddhamANassa / / 778 / / bahuraya jamAlipabhavA jIvapaesA ya tIsaguttAyo / pravattAsADhAmo samuccheyAsamisAmo / / 776 / / gaMgApro do kiriyA, chalugA terAsiyANa uppttii| therA ya goTThamAhila, puTThamaradaM paviti / / 780 // sAvatthI usamapura seyaviyA mihila ullugAtIraM / purimaMtaraMji rahavIrapuraM ca gayarAiM // 781 // coddasa solasa vAsA, coisa vIsuttarA ya doNisayA / aTThAvIsA ya duve, paMceva sayA u coyAlo / / 782 / / paMcasayA culasIyA, chacceva sayA raNavottarA huMti / NANupattI ya duve uppaNNA nivvue sesA / / 783 / / [mAva. ni.] 2 prapuhuta - puhuttAiM nihisiuM ettha hoi ahigaaro| caraNakaraNAraNuprogeNa, tassa dArA ime hu~ti / / [dazavakAlika ni0] . poheNau Nijjutti, vucchaM crnnkrnnaannuprogaamo| mappakkharaM mahatyaM, maNuggahatyaM suvihiyANaM / / [moSa-niyukti]

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chedasUtrakAra zruta0 bhadrabAhu ] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 366 - kAlikasUtra aura ogha - ina donoM kA samAveza caraNaMkararaNAnuyoga meM kiyA gayA hai / anuyogoM ke rUpa meM sUtroM kA pRthakkaraNa vIra ni0 saM0 560 se 567 ke bIca ke samaya meM, tadanusAra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt 420 se 427 varSa ke madhyavartIkAla meM prArya rakSita dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 10. zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu niryuktikAra nahIM, isa pakSa kI puSTi meM dazAzrutaskandha-niryukti kI eka aura gAthA pramANa rUpa se prastuta kI jAtI hai : egabhavie ya baDhAue ya, zrabhimuhiyanAmagoe ya / ete tinni vi desA, davvammi ya poMDarIyassa || 146 || isa gAthA meM dravya nikSepa ke tIna pradezoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isakI vRtti isa prakAra hai : egetyAdi ekena bhavena gatena zranantarabhava eka yaH pauNDarIkeSu utpatsyate sa - ekabhavikaH / tathA tadAsannataraH pauNDarIkeSu baddhAyuSkaH tato'pyAsannatamaH / abhimukhanAmagotra: 'anantara samayeSu yaH pauNDarIkeSu utpadyate / ete pranantaroktA trayopyAdezavizeSA dravyapoNDarIke'vagantavyA iti / [ sUtrakRtAMganiryukti, zruta0 2, adhyayana 1, patra 267-68 ] vRhatkalpasUtra ke cUriMgakAra ke kathanAnusAra ye tInoM hI sthavira zrArya -maMgU, sthavira Arya samudra aura sthavira prArya suhastI kI pRthak-pRthak tIna mAnyatAeM haiM / isa sambandha meM draSTavya hai kalpabhASya kI hastalikhita prati kI adholikhita gAthA aura usakI cUriMga : garaNaharatherakayaM vA, AesA mukkavAgararaNato vA / dhruvacala visesato vA, aMgA'gaMgesu NANatta // 144 / / cUriNa: - kiM ca prAesA jahA ajja maMgU tivihaM saMkhaM icchati - egabhaviyaM, baddhAuyaM, abhimuhnAmagotta ca / grajja samuddA duvihaM baddhAuyaM zrabhimuhanAmagottaM ca / zrajja suhatthI egaM- abhimuhanAmagoyaM icchati / [ sva0 muni zrI puNyavijayajI, vRhatkalpasUtra nI prastAvanA, pRSTha 13 ] isa prakAra caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke bahuta pazcAt hue prArya maMgU, Arya samudra aura prAyaM suhastI kI mAnyatAoM kA Akalana evaM ullekha jisa niryukta meM ho, use kisI bhI sthiti meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI kRti nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / niryuktikAra bhadrabAhu aura caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAhu ke eka hone na hone kA vivAdAspada prazna kalpabhASya ke cUrNikAra ke samakSa kabhI rahA ho, isa prakAra kA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH cUriMNakAra ke isa kathana kI niSpakSa abhimata ke rUpa meM gaNanA kI jAkara prAmANika aura satya mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI zaMkA ke liye koI avakAza nahIM rahatA /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [cheda0 zruta0 bhadrabAhu 11. vartamAna meM upalabdha niyuktiyAM zrutakevalI bhadrabAha kI kRtiyAM nahIM, isa pakSa kI puSTi karane vAlA eka aura prabala pramANa hai svayaM-ina niyuktiyoM kA vartamAna prAkAra-prakAra / Avazyaka niyukti meM jina-jina sUtroM para niyuktiyoM kI racanAeM karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - mAyArassa dasakAliyassa taha uttarajjhamAyAre / sUyagaDe nijjutti, vocchAmi tahA dasANaM ca / / 14 / / kappassa ya Nijjutti, vavahArassesa paramaniuNassa / sUriyapaNNattIe, vucchaM isibhAsiyAraNaM ca / / 5 / / ina daza sUtroM meM se AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ye donoM pAgama prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM sarvasammata mAnyatAnusAra prati vRhadAkAra evaM paripUrNa rUpa meM vidyamAna the aura pratyeka sUtra para cAra-cAra anayoga pravRtta the| aisI sthiti meM yadi zrutakevalI bhadrabAha svAmI dvArA ina para niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI gaI hotI to ve unake anurUpa hI cAra-cAra anuyogoM se yukta ati vistIrNa evaM prati vizAla prAkAra vAlI hotiiN| para vastusthiti usase nitAnta bhinna dRSTigocara hotI hai| prAja ke inake antaraMga aura bahiraMga svarUpa ko dekhane se yahI mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai ki mAdhurI Adi vibhinna vAcanAoM dvArA aMtimarUpeNa susaMskRta evaM saMkalita Agama jisa rUpa meM Aja hamAre samakSa haiM, unhIM ko AdhAra mAnakara inake anurUpa niyuktiyoM kI racanAeM uparyukta vAcanAoM ke pazcAt kI gaI haiN| isa sambandha meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Arya rakSita ne apane vidvAn ziSya durbalikA puSyamitra kI vismRti aura bhAvI ziSya-praziSyoM kI kramazaH manda se mandatara buddhi ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jisa samaya anuyogoM ko pRthak kiyA usI samaya cAra anuyogamaya niyuktiyoM ko anayoga se pRthaka kara vyavasthita kara liyA gayA thaa| para isa sambandha meM vastusthiti para samyagarUpeNa vicAra karane para svataH hI isa kathana kI avAstavikatA aura anaucityatA prakaTa ho jaaygii| isa kathana kI avAstavikatA ko prakaTa karane vAlA prathama tathya to yaha hai ki jisa prakAra AgamoM kI vividha vAcanAnoM ke sambandha meM aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, usa prakAra kA eka bhI ullekha niyuktiyoM ko vyavasthita karane ke sambandha meM nahIM miltaa| isake atirikta dUsarA sabala tathya yaha hai ki prAcArAMga aura sutrakRtAMga kA jo pUrNa svarUpa caturdaza pUrvavara prAcArya bhadrabAha ke samaya meM thA, ThIka usI prakAra kA inakA svarUpa prArya rakSita ke samaya meM bhI thA / aisI sthiti meM prArya rakSita dvArA anuyogoM ke pRyakakaraNa ke samaya hI ina do sUtroM ko niyuktiyoM kI inake anuyogamaya svarUpa se pRyaka kara vyavasthA kI jAtI to ina donoM sUtroM kI vahadAkAratA aura vizAlatA ke anurUpa hI ina donoM sUtroM kI niyuktiyoM kA prAkAra evaM vistAra bhI vRhat tathA vizAla honA cAhiye thA aura ina sUtroM ke jo bahuta

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zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 371 se aMza tatpazcAdavartI kAla meM vilupta ho gaye unameM se sabake sambandha meM na sahI para kama se kama.do-cAra aMzoM ke sambandha meM to thor3e bahata tathya ina niyuktiyoM meM hameM Aja bhI avazya dekhane ko milate / para vastusthiti isase bilkula viparIta hI dRSTigocara ho rahI hai| ina saba pramANoM ke atirikta eka bar3A mahattvapUrNa aura vicAraNIya prazna isa sandarbha meM hamAre samakSa eka pecIdA pahelI ke rUpa meM yaha upasthita hotA hai ki bhISaNa duSkAloM evaM anavarata gati se cale A rahe Rmika smRtihAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa zrutakevalI bhadrabAha ke samaya meM jo ekAdazAMgI kA vRhatasvarUpa vidyamAna thA usako to zramaNa-pIr3hiyAM yathAvat svarUpa meM surakSita nahIM rakha sakI aura unake dvArA (zrutakevalI bhadrabAha dvArA) nirmita niyuktiyoM ko Aja taka surakSita rakha sakIM, kyA yaha bAta kisI niSpakSa vicAraka ke gale utara sakatI hai ? kadApi nhiiN| niSkarSa uparyukta vistRta vivecana meM pramANa purassara jo vipula sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai usase bhalI-bhAMti nirvivAdarUpa se yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye niyuktiyAM antima caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyAM nahIM, kintu bhadrabAhu nAma ke kisI anya prAcArya kI haiM / yadi ye unakI kRtiyAM hotI to ve na svayaM ko (caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcIna gotrIya prA0 bhadrabAhako) hI namaskAra karate aura na apane ziSya prArya sthUlabhadra ke liye "bhagavaM pi elabhaddo" - jaise apane pUjya ke liye prayukta kiye jAne vAle zabdoM kA prayoga kara unakA guNagAna hI karate / isake atirikta ina niyuktiyoM meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAha se 420 varSa pazcAt hae anyogoM ke pRyakkaraNa kA, vIra ni0 saMvat 606 taka kI mukhya ghaTanAoM kA evaM pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM kA ullekha hai, tathA Arya vacasvAmI ko niyuktikAra dvArA namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha niyuktiyA zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA nahIM apitu unake pazcAdvartI bhadrabAhu nAmaka anya kisI bhAcArya dvArA nimitta kI gaI haiN| niyuktikAra kauna __caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAha upalabdha niyuktiyoM ke kartA nahIM haiM, yaha siddha kara diye jAne ke pazcAt yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki Akhira ye niyuktiyAM kisakI kRtiyAM haiM ? prazna vastutaH bar3A jaTila hai| isako sulajhAne kA prayAsa karane se pahale hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki bhadrabAha nAma ke kitane prAcArya hue haiM aura ve kisa-kisa samaya meM hue haiN| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAmoM ke granthoM evaM zilAlekhoM ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki bhadravAha kaI hae haiN| digambara paramparA meM to vibhinna samaya meM bhadrabAhu nAma ke 6 AcArya hue haiM, kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM * bhadrabAha nAma ke do prAcAryoM ke hone kA hI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| eka to

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372 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [ niyuktikAra kauna caturdaza pUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAhu aura dUsare naimittika bhadrabAhu / naimittika bhadrabAhu ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita janapriya gAthA prasiddha hai pAvayaraNI 1 dhammakahI 2 vAI 3, mittizro 4 tavassI 5 ya / vijjA 6 siddho 7 ya kaI 8 aTheva pabhAvagA bhariyA || 1 || prajjarakkha 9 nandiserago 2 sirigutta viSeya 3 bhaddabAhu 4 ya / khavaga - 5 jjakhavuDa 6 samiyA 7 divAyaro 8 vA ihAhararaNA ||2|| ATha prabhAvakoM meM naimittika bhadrabAhu ko cauthA prabhAvaka mAnA gayA hai / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai - zvetAmbara paramparA meM kAphI prAcIna samaya se yaha mAnyatA sarvasammatarUpeNa prasiddha hai ki dazAzrutaskandha kalpasUtra vyavahArasUtra aura nizItha sUtra - ye cAra chedasUtra Avazyaka niyukti Adi 10 niyuktiyAM 'uvasaggaharastotra' aura 'bhadravAhu saMhitA' ye 16 grantha bhadrabAhu svAmI kI kRtiyAM haiM / ina 16 kRtiyoM meM se 4 chedasUtra zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA nirmita haiM, yaha pramANapurassara siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| aisI sthiti meM anumAnataH zeSa 12 kRttiyAM naimittika bhadrabAhu kI ho sakatI haiM kyoMki ina do bhadrabAhu ke atirikta anya tIsare bhadrabAhu ke hone kA zvetAmbara vAG maya meM kahIM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / isa anumAna ko puSTa karane vAlA pramANa bhI upalabdha hai / vaha yaha hai ki caudahavIM zatAbdI kI noMdha - pustikA meM upasargaharastotrakAra evaM jyotirvid bhadrabAhu kI kathA uTThakita hai / isake sAtha hI sAtha jaisA ki bhadrabAhu ke paricaya meM pahale batAyA jA cukA hai - zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka prAcIna granthoM meM bhadrabAhu aura varAhamihira ko sahodara mAnakara unakA vistRta paricaya saMyukta rUpa se diyA gayA hai / aisI dazA meM varAhamihira kA samaya nizcita ho jAne para bhadrabAhu kA samaya bhI svataH hI nizcita ho jAtA hai / * varAhamihira ne apane "paMcasiddhAntikA" nAmaka grantha ke anta meM nimnalikhita zloka se grantha racanA kA samaya zaka saM0 427 diyA hai :saptAzvivedasaMkhyaM, zakakAlamapAsya caitra zuklAdau / ardhAstamite bhAno, yavanapure saumya - divasAdye || isa zloka ke AdhAra para varAhamihira ke sAtha-sAtha naimittika prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA samaya bhI zaka saM0 427, tadanusAra vi0 saM0 562 aura vIra nirvANa saMvat 1032 ke AsapAsa kA nizcita ho jAtA hai / yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki bAraha varSa taka zramaraNaparyAya kI pAlanA ke pazcAt varAhamihira apane bar3e bhAI bhadrabAhu se vidveSa rakhane lagA / donoM bhAiyoM kI isa pratispardhA ke pariraNAmasvarUpa varAhamihira ne vArAhI saMhitA kI aura bhadrabAhu ne bhadrabAhu saMhitA' kI racanA kI isa prakAra kI zvetAmbara paramparA kI Ama mAnyatA adhika tarkasaMgata aura yuktisaMgata pratIta hotI hai / " vartamAna meM upalabdha bhadrabAhusaMhitA ko vidvAnoM ne bhadrabAhu kI kRtti nahIM mAnA hai / vastutaH bhadrabAhusaMhitA abhI prakAzita nahIM huI hai /

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niyuktikAra kauna] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 373 ina saba bAtoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vIra nirvANa saM0 156 se 170 taka AcAryapada para rahane vAle zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura vIra ni0 saM0 1032 ke AsapAsa hone vAle mahAn prabhAvaka naimittika bhadrabAhu kI jIvaniyoM ko kAlAntara meM eka dUsare ke sAtha jor3a kara prathama bhadrabAhu ko hI smRtipaTala para aMkita rakhA gayA aura dvitIya bhadrabAhu ko eka dama bhUlA diyA gyaa| do prAcAryoM ke jIvana-paricaya ke isa sammizraNa ke phalasvarUpa isa bhrAnta dhAraNA ne janma liyA ki caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadrabAha hI niyuktikAra, upasargaharastotrakAra aura bhadrabAhusaMhitAkAra the / isa prakAra ke bhrama kA nirAkaraNa ho jAne ke pazcAt sthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu chedasUtrakAra the aura naimittika bhadrabAhu dvitIya, niyuktiyoM, upasargaharastotra aura bhadrabAhusaMhitA ke racayitA the / niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra vastutaH jyotiSa vidyA ke premI aura naimittika the isa tathya kI puSTi karane vAle aneka pramANa niyuktiyoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| unameM se kucha pramANa yahAM diye jA rahe haiM : 1. Avazyaka niyukti meM gandharva nAgadatta kA kathAnaka diyA huaA hai / usameM 1252 se 1270 taka kI gAthAnoM ke mananapUrvaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki prAvazyaka niyuktikAra aSTAMganimitta aura maMtravidyA ke eka coTI ke vidvAna the / gandharva nAgadatta ke ukta kathAnaka meM niryaktikAra kA naimittika jJAna sahajarUpa se svataH hI parisphuTita ho gayA hai aura unhoMne nAga ke viSa ko utArane ke vyAja se kAma, krodha, mada, moha Adi nAgoM se use hue prANiyoM ke viSa ko utArane kI prakriyA kA ullekha kiyA hai / ' "upasargahara stotra" meM prayukta 'visahara phuliMgamaMtaM', isa pada kA prAvazyaka niyukti meM varNita viSanivAraka prakriyA se tAlamela bhI yaha mAnane ke liye bAdhya karatA hai ki ye donoM kRtiyAM eka hI mahApuruSa kI haiN| prAvazyaka niyukti kI gAthA 1270 meM sAmAnyatayA mantratantrAdi kriyAnoM meM sarvatra prayukta kiye jAne vAle rUr3ha zabda "svAhA" kA prayoga bhI isa bAta kA ' gandhaba nAgadatto, icchai sappehi khilsiuM ihayaM / taM jai kahaM ci khajjai, itya hu doso na kAyanyo / / 1252 / / ee te pAvAhI, cattAri vi kohamANamayalobhA / jehi sayA saMsattaM, jariyamiva jayaM kalakalei / / 1262 / / eehi maha khaiyo, cauhi vi mAsIdisehi pAvehi / visanigghAyaNa heLaM, carAmi vivihaM tavokammaM / / 1264 / / sive namaMsiUNaM, saMsAratyA ya je mahAvijjA / vocchAmi daNDakiriyaM, savvavisanivAraNa vijja / / 1266 / / savvaM pANAivAya, paccakkhAI mi paliyavayaNaM ca / sabvamada tAdANaM, prabaMbha pariggahaM svAhA / / 1270 / / [mAvazyaka niyukti]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ niyuktikAra kauna pramAraNa hai ki niyuktikAra aSTAMga nimitta tathA maMtra-vidyA ke pAraMgata vidvAn the / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA para isa prakAra kI maMtra-vidyA kI chApa vastutaH niryuktikAra ke atizaya nimitta prema kA hI dyotaka hai / 374 jyotiSa vidyA ke mAnya zAstra " sUrya prajJapti " para bhI bhadrabAhu ne niryukti kI racanA kI / yaha bhI isa tathya ko prakaTa karatA hai ki ve eka mahAn naimittika the aura jyotiSa zAstra ke prati unake pragAdha prema evaM pragAdha jJAna ne hI unheM isa jyotiSa zAstra ke bhaNDAra "sUryaprajJapti" zAstra para niyukti kI racanA karane ko prerita kiyA / vartamAna meM upalabdha niyuktiyoM ke karttA prAcAryaM bhadrabAhu eka mahAn naimittika the, isa bAta kA eka aura prabala pramAraNa yaha hai ki zrAcArAMga jaise caraNakararaNAnuyoga ke tAtvika zAstra para niyukti kI racanA karate samaya bhI nimitta zAstra ke prati unakA agAdha prema-payodhi udvelita ho uThA hai aura ve tAtvika nirdeza ke samaya bhI nimnalikhita gAthA meM nimitta kA varNana kara dete haiM : : jattha ya jo paNNavapro, kassa vi sAhai disAsu yaNimittaM / jatto muho ya ThAI, sA puvvA pacchana avarA // 51 // arthAt jo vyAkhyAtA jisa jagaha para jisa ora muMha kiye hue kisI ko nimitta kA nirUpaNa karatA hai, usa sthiti meM jisa prora usakA mu~ha hai vaha pUrva dizA aura jisa ora usakI pITha hai vaha pazcima dizA samajhanI cAhiye ! dazAzrutaskandha-niryukti kI maMgalagAthA "vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM, pAINaM carimasagalasuyanAriNa" meM prayukta 'pAIraNaM' prAcInaM zabda hameM yaha socane ke liye avasara pradAna karatA hai ki bhadrabAhu nAmaka nimittazAstra ke vidvAn mahApuruSa ne niyukti kI racanA karate samaya dazAzrutaskandhakAra caturdaza pUrvaghara zrA0 bhadrabAhu ko prapane se prAcIna mAnakara vandana kiyA hai / ho sakatA hai ki prAcInatA ke bodhaka isa "pAI" zabda kA Age cala kara prAcIna gotrIya aisA artha kara liyA gayA ho / isa prakAra kA vicAra karane ke liye isa kAraNa avasara milatA hai ki prAcIna grantha titthogAliya pannA meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke nAma ke sAtha "pAI" vizeSaraNa kisI bhI sthAna para nahIM lagAyA gayA hai / isa anumAna se bhI vIra ni0 saMvat 1032 ke AsapAsa hone vAle naimittika bhadrabAhu hI niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra haiM, isa prakAra ke vizvAsa ko bala milatA hai / ina saba pramANoM se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa saM0 1032 ke lagabhaga hone vAle naimittika bhadrabAhu, jo ki varAhamihira ke bhAI the, unhoMne hI grAvazyaka Adi daza niryuktiyoM, upasargaharastotra aura bhadrabAhusaMhitA kI racanAeM kiiN| yaha saMbhava hai ki AcArya hemacandrasUri ke pazcAdvartI kisI kAla meM nAma sAmya ke kAraNa caturdaza pUrvadhara, prAcIna athavA prAcIna

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niyuktikAra kauna ] zrutakevalI - kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu 375 gotrIya bhadrabAhu ko tathA varAhamihira ke bhrAtA bhadrabAhu ko eka hI mahApuruSa mAnane kI bhrAnta dhAraNA pracalita ho gaI ho / vastutaH 'titthogAliya pannA', 'AvazyakacUriMga', Avazyaka hAribhadrIyA TIkA aura pariziSTaparva Adi prAcIna evaM prAmANika granthoM meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana kA jo thor3A bahuta paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, unameM dvAdazavArSika duSkAla, bhadrabAhu dvArA chedasUtroM kI racanA, unake nepAlagamana, mahAprANadhyAna ko sAdhanA aura zrArya sthUlabhadra ko pUrvo kI vAcanA denA Adi ghaTanAtroM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / ina granthoM meM inake varAhamihira kA sahodara hone, niryuktiyoM, upasargahastotra tathA bhadrabAhu saMhitA kI racanA karane kA kahIM kiMcitamAtra bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / eka mahatvapUrNa tathya uparokta ullekhoM se yaha jo pramANita kiyA gayA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha zrAvazyaka niryukti Adi niryuktiyoM ke racayitA naimittika bhadrabAhu haiM, isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM ki niyuktiyoM ke sarvaprathama kartA naimittika bhadrabAhu hI haiM / samavAyAMgasUtra, sthAnAMga sUtra zraura nandIsUtra meM jahAM dvAdazAMgI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, vahA~ prAyaH pratyeka sUtra ke sambandha meM "saMkhejjAzro nijjutIpro" isa prakAra kA ullekha hai| mUla AgamoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki niyuktiyoM kI paramparA prAgamakAla se hI pracalita rahI hai / "saMkhejjAzro nijjuttImro" - grAgama ke isa pATha para dhyAnapUrvaka vicAra karane se pratIta hotA hai ki pratyeka AcArya, pratyeka upAdhyAya apane ziSyoM ko zrAgamoM kI vAcanA dete samaya apane ziSyoM ke hRtpaTala para AgamoM ke artha ko sadA ke liye aMkita kara dene ke abhiprAya se apane-apane samaya meM apane-apane DhaMga se niryuktiyoM kI racanA karate rahe hoM / vastutaH prAja kI zikSA praNAlI meM vyAkhyAtA prAdhyApakoM dvArA apane chAtroM ko "noTsa" likhAne kI paramparA pracalita hai, usI prakAra Aja kI isa paramparA se aura adhika pariSkRta rUpa meM zikSArthI zramaNoM ke hita ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue prAcAryoM dvArA niryuktiyoM kI racanAeM paramparA se kI jAtI rahIM haiM / nizItha cUriNa, kalpacUriNa yAdi meM prArya govinda kI niryukti kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / ye prArya govinda yugapradhAna paTTAvalI ke anusAra 28 veM yugapradhAna the| inakA samaya vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke aMtima caraNa se chaThI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke bIca kA baiThatA hai / ataH ye niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu se pUrva ke haiM / pratyeka sUtra ke sAtha "saMkhejjAmro nijjuttImro" yaha pATha dekha kara yaha bhI saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki samaya-samaya para prAyaH sabhI prAcAryoM dvArA niryuktiyoM kI racanAeM kI gaI / una niryuktiyoM kI aneka uttama evaM lokapriya gAthAeM bhadrabAhu

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376. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [eka mahatvapUrNa tathya (prathama) ke kAla se pracalita rahI hoM aura unameM se katipaya gAthAnoM kA saMkalana kara unheM niyuktikAra naimittika bhadrabAhu ne apanI niyuktiyoM meM sthAna diyA ho| tatkAlIna utkaTa cAritraniSThA aMtima zratakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAha ke samaya ke prAtmArthI zramaNavarga ke mAnasa meM kisa prakAra kI utkRSTa koTi kI cAritraniSThA thI, isakI kalpanA bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoM ke nimnalikhita udAharaNa se kI jA sakatI hai : prAcArya bhadrabAhu vividha kSetroM meM aneka bhavya - prANiyoM kA uddhAra karate hue eka samaya rAjagRha nagara padhAre / anantakAla se moha kI pragAr3ha nidrA meM soye hue prANiyoM ko jagAkara unake antara meM prAtmoddhAra kI utkaTa abhilASA jAgRta kara dene vAle bhadrabAhu ke upadeza ko sunakara aneka vyakti adhyAtma mArga para agrasara hue| bAlyakAla se hI sAtha-sAtha rahane vAle cAra sampanna zreSThI bhadrabAhu ke upadeza se itane adhika prabhAvita hue ki una cAroM ne apanI apAra dhanasampatti kA tatkAla parityAga kara bhadrabAhu ke pAsa zramaNa - dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| una cAroM ne kaThora tapazcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyaa| ve cAroM hI zramaraNa bar3e zAnta, dAnta, nirIha, vairAgya raMga meM pUrNarUpeNa raMjita, mita, madhura evaM satyabhASI, vinIta aura sevAbhAvI the| prAcArya bhadrabAhu se prAjJA prApta kara ve cAroM zramaNa ekalavihArI pratimApArI bana gye| aneka kSetroM meM vihAra karate hue kAlAntara meM ve cAroM ekalavihArI zramaraNa punaH rAjagRha nagara ke vaibhAra parvata para prAye / usa samaya zItakAla kI prati zIta laharoM ke kAraNa rAjagRha meM aMga-pratyaMga ko ThiThurA dene vAlI ThaMDa par3a rahI thii| dina ke tIsare prahara meM ve cAroM ekalavihArI zramaNa rAjagaha nagara meM bhikSArtha pAye / bhikSA grahaNa kara unake lauTate-lauTate caturtha prahara pA upasthita humA / eka sAdhu parvata kI guphA ke dvAra para, dUsarA udyAna meM, tIsarA udyAna ke bAhara aura cauthA nagara ke bahimArga meM hI pahuMca pAyA thA ki caturtha prahara kA samaya ho gyaa| "sAdhu tRtIya prahara meM hI bhikSATana evaM gamanAgamanAdi kare" - isa zramaNa - niyama ke sacce paripAlaka ve cAroM sAdhu jahAM the vahIM dhyAnamagna ho gaye / rAtri kI nistabdhatA ke sAtha-sAtha prAraNahArI zIta kI bhISaNatA bhI bar3hatI gaI / bhISaNa zIta lahara ke kAraNa una cAroM muniyoM ke aMga-pratyaMga pUrNarUteNa ThiThura gaye / unakI dhamaniyoM meM khUna ThaMDa ke mAre barapha kI taraha jamane lgaa| kintu isa prakAra kI asahya mAraNAntika vedanA se bhI ve cAroM muni kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita hue / ve atyaMta ujvala pariNAmoM ke sAtha zubhadhyAna meM magna rahe / parvata ke Upara guphA ke pAsa atyadhika ThaMDa thI ataH guphA ke dvAra para dhyAnastha muni rAtri ke prathama prahara meM hI kAla kara svarga meM deva rUpa se utpanna hue / udyAna meM parvata kI apekSA kama ThaMDa thI ataH udyAna meM dhyAnastha muni rAtri ke dvitIya prahara meM, udyAna ke bAhara dhyAna magna muni rAtri ke tRtIya prahara meM aura

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377 utkaTa cAritraniSThA] zrutakevalI-kAla : prAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu nagara ke bahimArga meM dhyAnastha muni rAtri ke caturtha prahara meM zarIra tyAga kara devaloka meM deva rUpa se utpanna hue| ___ sAdhanA-patha ke pathika zramaNoM ke hRdaya meM usa samaya zramaNAcAra ke prati kitanI pragAr3ha niSThA aura zarIra ke prati kitanI nirmamatva bhAvanA thI, isakA anumAna bhadrabAha ke ina cAra ziSyoM kI aMtima caryA se sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| bhadrabAhu viSayaka zvetAmbara mAnyatAmoM kA niSkarSa titthogAliyapainnA, aAvazyaka cUNi, Avazyaka hAribhadrIyA vRtti aura prA0 hemacandra kA pariziSTa parva - ina zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM antima zratakevalI prAcArya bhadrabAha ke sambandha meM kevala itanA hI paricaya upalabdha hotA hai ki ve antima caturdaza pUrvadhara the, unake samaya meM dvAdaza vArSika duSkAla par3A, ve lagabhaga 12 varSa taka nepAla pradeza meM rahe, vahA~ unhoMne bAraha varSa taka yogArUr3ha rahakara mahAprAraNa dhyAna kI sAdhanA kI, unake samaya meM para unakI anupasthiti meM prAgamoM kI vAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 160 ke AsapAsa pATaliputra nagara meM haI, unhoMne Arya sthUlabhadra ko do vastu kama 10 pUrvo kA sArtha aura zeSa pUrvo kA kevala mUla vAcana diyA, unhoMne 4 chedasUtroM kI racanA kI aura jinazAsana kA mahAna udyota kara ve vI0 ni0 saM0 170 meM svarga padhAre / uparokta cAra granthoM ke pazcAdvartI kAla meM bane zvetAmbara paramparA ke katipaya granthoM meM zratakevalI bhadrabAha ke jIvanacaritra ke sAtha vIra ni0 saM0 1032 ke AsapAsa hue naimittika bhadrabAha ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko jor3akara jo unheM varAhamihira kA sahodara batAyA gayA hai, usa sambandha meM vistArapUrvaka spaSTIkaraNa kara diyA gayA hai| use yahAM doharAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM / / aisI sthiti meM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana kA jo paricaya titthogAlI painnA Adi uparokta cAra granthoM meM diyA gayA hai vahI vAstava meM prAmANika hai| anya granthoM meM uparokta tathyoM ke atirikta jina ghaTanAoM ko zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke jIvana ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai unheM vI0 ni0 saM0 1032 ke AsapAsa hue naimittika bhadrabAha ke jIvana se sambandhita samajhanA caahie| zrutakevalikAla ko rAjanaitika evaM anya pramukha aitihAsika ghaTanAeM pramukha rAjavaMza :- yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 60 meM zizunAgavaMzI rAjA udAyI ke pazcAt nandivardhana pATaliputra ke rAjasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha hayA / nandivardhana se lekara antima naMda dhananaMda taka pATaliputra ke rAjAroM ko jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM nava nandoM ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai /

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zAsaka 6 varSa 378 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zru0 kI aiti0 ghaTanAeM zrutakevalikAla prArambha huA usa samaya prathama nanda ko pATaliputra ke zAsana kI bAgaDora sambhAle 4 varSa bIta cuke the| una 6 nandoM meM se kisa-kisa kA kitane-kitane varSoM taka zAsana rahA, isa sambandha meM "duSSamA zramaNasaMgha stotra" kI avacUri meM nimnalikhita rUpa se vivaraNa diyA gayA hai : zAsanakAla zAsanakAla meM prAcArya evaM prA0 kAla 1. nanda prathama 11 varSa Arya jambU 4 varSa, prabhava 7 varSa 2..nanda dvitIya 10 varSa / prabhava 4 varSa, sayyaMbhava 6 varSa 3. nanda tRtIya 13 varSa sayyaMbhava 13 varSa 4. nanda caturtha 25 varSa sayyaMbhava 4 varSa, yazobhadra 21 varSa 5. nanda paMcama 25 varSa yazobhadra 25 varSa 6. nanda SaSTha yazobhadra 4 varSa saMbhUtavijaya 2 varSa 7. nanda saptama 6 varSa saMbhUtavijaya 6 varSa 8. nanda aSTama 4 varSa bhadrabAhu 4 varSa 6. navama nanda dhananaMda 55 varSa bhadrabAhu 10 varSa sthUlabhadra 45 varSa duSSamA zramaraNasaMgha stotra meM ullikhita uparivariNata vivaraNa se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki zrutakevalikAla ke prArambha hone se 4 varSa pUrva prathama nanda nandivardhana pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna hayA aura zrutakevalikAla kI samApti ke samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 170 meM antima evaM navama naMda dhanananda ke zAsanakAla ke 10 varSa vyatIta ho cuke the tathA zrutakevalikAla kI samApti ke 45 varSa pazcAt 155 varSa ke nandoM ke zAsanakAla kI samApti ke sAtha pATaliputra ke rAjasiMhAsana para maurya samrATa candragupta AsIna huaaa| uparokta 6 nandoM meM se kevala prathama, aSTama aura navama naMda ke atirikta anya 6 rAjAoM ke nAma upalabdha nahIM hote / ina : nanda rAjAoM ke kula milA kara 155 varpa ke rAjyakAla meM kisa-kisa nanda kA kitane-kitane varSa taka rAjya rahA, isa sambandha meM bhI duSpamAzramaNasaMghastotra-pravacUri ko chor3a kara anyatra prAcIna granthoM meM koI vizvasanIya aura suvyavasthita ullekha nahIM miltaa| duSSamAzramaNasaMgha stotra meM nava nandoM kA rAjyakAla diyA gayA hai, use taba taka avizvasanIya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA jaba taka ki isase bhinna koI prAmANika ullekha upalabdha nahIM ho jAtA / ___ prAcIna aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama ke paryavekSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 64 se 170 taka ke 106 varSa ke dhrutakevalikAla meM eka prakAra 'pugo pADalIpure 11, 10, 13, 25, 25, 6, 6, 4, 55 navananda evaM varSa 155 rajje - jaMvU zeSavarSAriNa 4, prabhava 11, sayyaM bhava 23. yazobhadra 50, saMbhUtavijaya.8, bhadrabAhu 24, sthUlabhadra 45, evaM vIranirvANAta 215 / [duSpamAkAla zrI zramagagasaMghastotra, pravacUri, paTTAvalI - samuccaya pR0 17]

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376 10 kI aiti0 ghaTanAeM] zrutakevalI-kAla :mAcArya zrI bhadrabAhu se prAyaH tanda rAjAoM kA hI prabhUtva rahA / prathama nanda nandivardhana ne aneka rAjyoM ko vijita kara magadharAjya kI sImAoM aura zakti meM abhivRddhi kii| nandivardhana ke rAjyakAla se hI avantI, kauzAmbI aura kaliMga ke rAjA magadha rAjya ke prAjJAvartI zAsaka bana cuke the| upakezagaccha upakezagaccha paTTAvalI Adi ke anusAra vI0 ni0 saM0 70 meM prAcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA upakeza nagara (prosiyAM) meM cAturmAsa kiye jAne aura vahAM ke kSatriyoM ko prosavAla banAne kA ullekha milatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki pArzvaparamparA ke prAcArya svayaMprabhasUri ke pAsa vidyAdhara rAjA 'maNiratna' bhinnamAla meM vandana karane AyA aura unakA upadeza suna kara apane putra ko rAjya samhalA prAcAryazrI ke pAsa dIkSita ho gyaa| usa samaya vidyAdhararAja mariNaratna ke sAtha anya 500 vidyAdhara bhI dIkSita ho gye| dIkSA ke pazcAt prAcArya svayaMprabha ne unakA nAma 'ratnaprabha' rkhaa| vIra ni0 saM0 52 meM muni ratnaprabha ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| bhAcArya ratnaprabha aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue eka samaya upakezanagara meM pdhaare| __ upakeza nagara ke sambandha meM upakezagaccha paTTAvalI meM ullekha hai ki bhinnamAla ke rAjA bhImasena ke putra puMja kA rAjakumAra utpalakumAra kisI kAraNavaza apane pitA se ruSTa ho kara kSatriya maMtrI ke putra Uhar3a ke sAtha 'bhinnamAla' se nikala pdd'aa| rAjakumAra aura mantriputra ne eka navIna nagara basAne kA vicAra kiyA aura antatogatvA 12 yojana lambe-caur3e kSetra meM upakezanagara bsaayaa| naye basAye gaye upakeza nagara meM bhinnamAla ke 1800 vyApArI, 600 brAhmaNa tathA aneka anya loga bhI pAkara basa gaye / prAcArya ratnaprabhasUri jisa samaya apane ziSyasamUha ke sAtha upakezanagara meM padhAre usa samaya sAre nagara meM eka bhI jaina dharmAvalambI gRhastha ke na hone ke kAraNa unheM aneka kaSToM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| bhikSA na milane ke kAraNa unheM aura unake ziSyoM ko upavAsa para upavAsa karane par3e phira bhI unhoMne 35 sAdhuoM ke sAtha upakeza nagara meM cAturmAsa karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura apane zeSa saba ziSyoM ko koraMTA Adi anya nagaroM aura grAmoM meM cAturmAsa karane ke liye upakezanagara se vihAra karavA diyaa| upakezanagara meM cAturmAsa karane ke pazcAt ratnaprabhasUri pAhAra-pAnI kI anupalabdhi prAdi aneka ghora parISahoM ko samabhAva se sahate hue prAtmasAdhanA meM tallIna rahane lge| isa prakAra cAturmAsa kA kucha samaya nikalane ke pazcAt eka dina upakeza nagara ke rAjA utpala ke dAmAda trailokyasiMha ko, jo maMtrI UhaDa kA putra thA eka bhayaMkara viSadhara ne Dasa liyaa| upacAra ke rUpa meM kiye gaye sabhI

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380 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga (upakezagaccha prayatna niSphala rahe aura kumAra ko mRta samajha kara dAhasaMskAra ke liye smazAna kI ora le cle| vahAM prAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kA caraNodaka sIMcane para kumAra kA jahara utara gayA aura usane navIna jIvana prApta kiyaa| zoka meM DUbA humA rAjaparivAra aura samasta upakeza nagara punaH Anandita ho utthaa| isa adbhuta ghaTanA se prabhAvita ho kara rAjA, mantrI, unake parijanoM aura paurajanoM Adi ne bahata bar3I, saMkhyA meM jainadharma svIkAra kiyA aura una saba ke prosiyAM nivAsI hone ke kAraNa una naye jaina bane logoM kI "posavAla" nAma se prasiddhi huii| __yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki rAjya kI adhiSThAyikA cAmuNDA devI ko bhIjise ki - bali dI jAtI thI, prAcArya ratnaprabha ne upadeza dekara samyakta vadhAriNI banAyA aura "saccikA" nAma dekara use prosavAloM kI kuladevI ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kiyaa| devI ne kevala pazuoM kI bali lenA hI nahIM chor3A apitu lAla raMga ke phUla bhI vaha pasaMda nahIM karatI thii| upakezagaccha paTTAvalI meM prAcArya ratnaprabha ke isa prakAra ke anya aneka camatkAroM kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Apane 1,80,000 ajainoM ko jaina dharmAvalambI banAyA aura vIra ni0 saM0 84 meM svarga prApta kiyaa| ratnaprabhasUri ke pazcAt yakSadevasUri Adi ke krama se upakezagaccha kI prAcArya paramparA adyAvadhi avicchinna rUpa se calatI huI batAI gaI hai| dvivandanika gaccha aura tapAratna zAkhA inhIM prAcArya yakSadeva ke ziSya udayavarddhana se nikalI kahI jAtI hai| prAcArya bhadrabAhu kA ziSyaparivAra prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke nimnalikhita 4 pramukha ziSya the:1. sthavira godAsa 2. sthavira agnidatta 3. sthavira yajJadatta aura 4. sthavira somadatta ye cAroM ziSya kAzyapagotrIya the| sthavira godAsa se godAsa-gaNa pracalita huA, jisakI nimnalikhita cAra zAkhAeM thIM :1. tAmalittiyA, 2. koDIvarisiyA 3. paMDuvaddhaNiyA (poMDavaddhaNiyA) aura 4. dAsI khabbaDiyA ' vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye dekheM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa /

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dazapUrvadhara - kAla ( vIra ni. saM. 170 se 584 ) dazapUrvara- kAla ke prAcArya : 8. AcArya sthUlabhadra AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 130 se 215 6. AcArya zrAyaM mahAgiri AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 215 se 245 10. prAcArya zrArya suhastI AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 245 se 261 11. prAcArya guraNa sundara prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 201 se 335 12. prAcArya zyAma ( kAlakAcArya prathama ) AcAryakAla - vI. nI. saM. 335 se 376 13. prAcArya sAMDilya AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 376 se 414 14. prAcArya revatImitra AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 414 se 450 * 15. AcArya dharma AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 450 se 494 16. prAcArya bhadragupta prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 464 se 533 17. prAcArya zrI gupta prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM0 533 se 548 18. prAcArya zrArya vajra AcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 548 se 584

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dazapUrvadhara-kAla antima caturdazapUrvadhara prAcArya bhadrabAha ke svargagamana ke sAtha hI vIra ni0 saM0 170 meM zrutakevalikAla kI samApti aura dazapUrvadharoM ke kAla kA prArambha hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA vIra ni0 saM0 170 se 584 taka kula milA kara 414 varSa kA aura digambara paramparA vI0 ni0 saM0 192 se 345 taka kRla 183 varSa kA dazapUrvadharakAla mAnatI hai / 8. prArya sthUlabhadra antima takevalI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AThaveM paTTadhara prAcArya prAya sthUlabhadra hue| kAmavijayI prArya sthUlabhadra kI gaNanA una virale narapaMgavoM meM sarvaprathama kI jA sakatI hai jinakA ullekha bhartRhari ne nimnalikhita paMktiyoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai :mattebhakuMbhadalane bhuvi santi zUrAH, kaicitpracaNDamRgarAjavadhe'pi dakSAH / kintu bravImi balinAM purataH prasahya, ___ kandarpadarpadalane viralA manuSyAH / / Arya sthUlabhadra dvArA kAma para prApta kI gaI adbhuta vijaya se utprerita ho aneka kaviyoM ne inake jIvanacaritra para aneka bhASAoM meM aneka kAvya likhe haiN| zRMgAra aura vairAgya donoM hI kI parAkASThA kA apUrva evaM adbhuta samanvaya prArya sthUlabhadra ke jIvana meM pAyA jAtA hai| kajjala se bharI koTarI meM raha kara bhI koI vyakti apane zarIra para kiMcit mAtra bhI kAlikha na lagane de, yaha asaMbhava hai| parantu Arya sthUlabhadra ne nirantara cAra mAsa taka apane samaya kI sarvAdhika sundarI kAminI kozA vezyA ke gRha meM rahate hue bhI pUrNa niSkAma raha kara isa asaMbhava ko saMbhava kara btaayaa| janma, mAtA-pitA. prAcArya sthUlabhadra kA janma vIra nirvANa saM0 116 meM eka aise saMskArasampanna brAhmaNa parivAra meM huprA jo jaina dharma para dRr3ha AsthA rakhane vAlA aura rAjamAnya thaa| magadhasamrATa udAyI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt isa parivAra kA pUrva puruSa kalpaka prathama nanda dvArA magadha sAmrAjya kA mahAmAtya niyukta kiyA gyaa| taba hI se arthAt prathama nanda ke samaya se navama nanda ke samaya taka nirantara - isI brAhmaNa parivAra kA mukhiyA magadha ke mahAmAtya pada ko suzobhita karatA rhaa| navama nanda ke mahAmAtya kA nAma zakaTAra athavA zakaDAla thaa|

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384 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [janma mAtA-pitA grArya szulabhadra inhIM gautama gotrIya brAhmaNa zakaDAla ke putra the / sthUlabhadra kI mAtA kA nAma lakSmIdevI thaa| ___ mantrIzvara zaka DAla apane samaya ke mavocca koTi ke rAjanItijJa, zikSA vizArada aura kuzala prazAsaka the| zakaTAra ke mahAmAtya kAla meM magadharAjya kI ullekhanIya sImAvRddhi ke mAtha-sAtha rAjasva khAte meM abhUtapUrva abhivRddhi huI / aneka prAcIna granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai ki navama nanda ke koza meM itanI vRddhi huI ki svarNa kI pahAr3iyAM banA kara use apane dhana kI rakSA karane kI sthiti utpanna ho gii| zakaTAra ke mahAmAntratvakAla meM zikSA ke kSetra meM abhyUnati hetu apAra dhanarAzi vyaya kI jAtI rhii| una dinoM nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya carama utkarSa para pahuMca cukA thA aura usakI khyAti samudra ke pAravartI dezoM taka phaila gaI thii| isa prakAra ke vikhyAta mahAmAtya ke ghara meM sthUlabhadra kA janma humaa| sthUlabhadra ke choTe sahodara kA nAma zrIyaka thaa| yakSA, yakSadinA, bhUtA, bhUtadinnA, sairagA, mairaNA tathA reNA nAma . ko sthUlabhadra aura zrIyaka kI sAta bahineM thiiN| mantrIzvara zakaTAra ne apane donoM putroM aura sAtoM putriyoM kI zikSA kA samucita prabandha kiyA aura una sabako sabhI prakAra kI vidyAoM kI ucca koTi kI zikSA dilvaaii| kozA ke yahAM sakala vidyAnoM meM niSNAta hone ke uparAnta bhI yuvaka sthUlabhadra bhogamArga se nitAnta anabhijJa rahe ataH saMsAra se virakta sthUlabhadra ko vyAvahArika zikSA dilAne evaM gRhastha jIvana kI ora AkRSTa karane kI dRSTi se mantrIzvara zakaTAra ne unheM kozA nAma kI eka bar3I catura vezyA ke yahAM rakhA, jo apanI vAkpaTutA, avasarajJatA evaM avasarAnukUla naisargika abhinayakalA ke liye vikhyAta thii| kucha hI dinoM ke saMsarga se zikSikA kozA paura zikSArthI sthUlabhadra eka dUsare ke guraNoM para itane adhika mugdha ho gaye ki kSaNa bhara ke liye bhI eka dUsare kI dRSTi se dUra rahanA una donoM ke liye prANApaharaNa ke samAna asahya ho gyaa| yaha pArasparika AkarSaNa antatogatvA usa carama sImA taka pahuca gayA ki bAraha varSa paryanta una donoM ne eka dUsare meM atyanta anurakta rahate hue apanI dAsiyoM ke atirikta kisI anya kA mukha taka nahIM dekhaa| saMbhavataH apane isa kaTu anubhava se zikSA lekara mantrIzvara ne apane jyeSTha putra kI taraha kaniSTha putra ko zikSaNa prApta kara lene para kisI vezyA ke yahAM vyAvahArika zikSA dilAnA Avazyaka nahIM smjhaa| ataH zrIyaka apane pitA ke sAtha navama nanda ke rAja-darabAra meM jAne aura rAjyakArya meM apane pitA kI sahAyatA karane lgaa|

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dazapUrvadhara kAla : prArya sthUlabhadra vararuci ko pratispardhA yathArthataH rAjyatantra kA vyavasthita rUpa se saMcAlana bar3A kAThana kArya hai kyoMki gajyatantra athavA rAjanIti svayaM eka asthAI tatva hai / zakaTAra ke jIvana kA antima samaya vastutaH rAjanaitika dRSTi se bar3A hI viSama aura vikaTa thA / caramotkarSa ke pazcAt nanda kA rAjya saMbhavataH prakRti ke niyama ke anusAra apane patana kI pratIkSA meM patana ke gahana garta kI kagAra kI ora agrasara honA cAhatA thaa| zakaTAra ke buddhikauzala dvArA saMcAlita nanda kA rAjyatantra svacAlita yantra kI taraha suniyojita DhaMga se svataH hI calatA huA pratIta ho rahA thaa| rAjya ke choTe se choTe kArya se lekara bar3e se bar3e kArya meM sarvatra zakaTAra kA varcasva thaa| pracaNDa mArtaNDa ke prabala pratApa se ulUka ke mana meM IrSyA kA utpanna honA naisarmika hai| zakaTAra ke pravala pratApa ko dekhakara vararuci nAmaka vidvAn ke mana meM IpyA utpanna haI aura zanaiH zanaiH vidvAna vararuci mantrIzvara zakaTAra kA prabala pratispardhI bana gayA / apane prakANDa pANDitya ke mAdhyama se rAjA aura prajA ke mana meM apane liye sthAna banAne kI dRSTi se vararuci rAjA kI prazaMsA meM pratidina navInatama kAvya-racanA sunAkara rAjAM se pratiSThA ke sAtha-sAtha arthaprApti kA prayatna karane lgaa| mahArAjA nanda apane mahAmAtya zakaTAra kI marmajJatA se pUrNarUpeNa prabhAvita thaa| zakaTAra ke mukha se vararuci kI kAvyaracanA kI zlAghA meM eka bhI zabda na sunakara nanda ne na to vararuci ke abhinava evaM sundara kAvyoM kI kabhI sarAhanA hI kI aura na kabhI prasanna ho use usakI kAvyaracanA ke upalakSa meM artha hI pradAna kiyA / athaka prayAsa se taiyAra kI gaI sundara se sundaratama kAvyaracanA para bhI jaba vararuci ko rAjA kI ora se kisI prakAra kA paritoSika prApta nahIM huA to vararuci vastusthiti ko samajha gyaa| bahuta soca vicAra ke pazcAt vararuci ne sAhitya kI marmajJA zakaTAra-patnI lakSmIdevI ko apanI kAvyaracanAoM se prasanna karane kA prayAsa prArambha kiyaa| vaha pratidina viduSI lakSmIdevI kI sevA meM upasthita ho apanI navInatama racanAeM sunAne lgaa| apane padalAlitya se lakSmIdevI ko prasanna kara vararuci ne usase prArthanA kI ki mantrIzvara zakaTAra ko kaha kara vaha nanda kI rAjyasabhA meM usakI kAvyakRtiyoM kI prazaMsA karavAye / vararuci dvArA kI gaI cATukAritA se prasanna ho lakSmIdevI ne apane pati se prArthanA kI ki arthArthI brAhmaNa vararuci ko lAbha pahecAne ke liye ve usake kAvyoM kI rAjyasabhA meM prazaMsA kreN| apanI viduSI gRhiNI ke Agraha se dUsare dina zakaTAra ne vararuci ke kAvya kI rAjyasabhA meM prazaMsA kii| phalataH nanda ne prasanna ho vararuci ko usake kAvyapATha ke upalakSa meM 108 svarNamudrAeM pradAna kii| ___ vararuci nityaprati apanI navIna kAvya racanAeM nanda ke darabAra meM sunAtA aura use tatkAla 108 svarNamudrAeM magadhAdhipa mahArAja nanda ke koza se mila jaatiiN| yaha krama nirantara aneka dinoM taka calatA rhaa|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [ vararuci kI pratispardhA rAjyakoza se pratidina itanI bar3I dhanarAzi ke vyaya ko rokanA grAvazyaka gama mahAmantrI zakaTAra ne eka dina nanda se kahA - " rAjan ! pratidina 108 mudrAeM vararuci ko kisa abhiprAya se dI jA rahI haiM ? 36 apane mahAmAtya ke prati gaharI AsthA prakaTa karate hue jijJAsA bhare svara meM nanda ne kahA "mahAmantrin ! hama to apane mahAmAtya ke iMgita ke anusAra ho vararuci ko pratidina 108 svarNamudrAeM pradAna kara rahe haiN| hama yadi svecchA se ho date to apane pradhAnamantrI ke mukha se kAvya ko prazaMsA sunane se pahale hI de dete / " zakaTAra ne gambhIra svara meM kahA - "ekarAT magadhezvara kA mahAmAtya kisI anya kAMva dvArA kRta-kAvya kA pATha vararuci ke mukha se sunakara kaise prazaMsA kara sakatA hai ? vastutaH maiMne usa dina kisI ajJAta kavi dvArA nirmita padoM ke lAlitya ko prazaMsA ko tho na ki vararuci ko / vaha to dUsare kaviyoM ko racanAoM kI hamAre samakSa par3hatA hai| usake dvArA sunAI gaI kAvya racanA ko yakSA, yakSadinnA di Apako sAtoM bacciyAM sunA sakatI haiM, kala prAtaHkAla hI isako pratyakSa dekha liyA jAya / " mahArAja nanda ko isa para bar3A Azcarya huaa| dUsare dina prAtaHkAla rAjyasabhA meM yavanikA ke pIche mahAmAtya zakaTAra kI yakSA Adi sAtoM putriyoM ko vaiThA diyA gayA / vararuci ne mahArAja nanda kI prazaMsA meM apane navInatama 100 zloka rAjya sabhA meM sunAye / maMtra-putriyoM ko smaraNa zakti vararuci aura samasta rAjyasabhA ko Azcarya meM DAlate hue mahAmAtya kI bar3I putra yakSA ne vararuci dvArA par3he gaye 108 zlokoM ko yathAvat sunA diyA / tadanantara yakSadattA, bhUtA, bhUtadattA, elA, veraNA aura rekhA ne bho eka-eka ke pazcAt anukrama se khar3e hokara una zlokoM ko rAjyasabhA ke samakSa sunA diyA / vastutaH ve kanyAeM kramaza: eka pAThI ( eka bAra sunane mAtra se bar3e se bar3e gadya athavA padya ko kaNThastha kara lene vAlI ), dvipAThI, tripAThI, catuSpAThI, paMcapAThI, SaDpAThI evaM saptapAThI thIM / samasta rAjya pariSada stabdha raha gaI / saba ke vakra netroM se vararuci kI prora ghRNA kI varSA hone lagI / usake pANDitya kI pratiSThA kSaNa bhara meM hI dhUli meM mila gaI / kAvyoM kI corI ke kalaMka kA TIkA apane mastaka para lagA dekha vararuci hataprabha evaM lajjita ho rAjyasabhA se uThakara calA gayA / mahAmAtya kI eka hI cAla se apanI bar3e parizrama se arjita pratiSThA ko miTTI meM milI dekha kara vararuci ke hRdaya meM zakaTAra ke prati pratizodha kI jvAlA bhar3aka uThI / usane yena-kena prakAreNa apanI khoI huI pratiSThA ko punaH prApta kara I

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387 maMtrI-putriyoM ko smaraNa zakti] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya sthUlabhadra zakaTAra se badalA lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| bahuta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt usane eka upAya khoja nikaalaa| rahasyapUrNa camatkAra kAryasiddhi hetu samucita prabandha karane ke pazcAt vararuci ne apane ziSyoM ke mAdhyama se pATaliputra ke nivAsiyoM meM isa prakAra kA pracAra karavAyA ki amuka tithi ko prAtaH sUryodaya ke samaya vararuci svanirmita kAvyapATha se gaMgA ko prasanna karegA aura gaMgA svayaM apane hAtha se use 108 svarNamudrAeM pradAna kregii| nizcita tithi ko sUryodaya se pUrva hI apAra janasamUha gaMgA ke taTa para upasthita ho gyaa| vararuci gaMgA meM snAna karane ke pazcAt uccasvara meM gaMgA kI stuti karane lagA / stutipATha ko samApti ke sAtha hI prAcI meM aruNa aMzumAli udita he| sahasroM naranAriyoM ne dekhA ki sahasA gaMgA ke pravAha meM se eka nArI kA hAtha uThA aura gaMgA ke jAnUdana jala meM khar3e vararuci ke hAtha meM eka thailI rakha kara punaH gaMgA ke vAripravAha meM vilIna ho gayA / thailI khola kara sabake samakSa svarNamudrAeM ginI gaIM to ve pUrI 108 nikalIM / sahasroM kaMThoM se udghoSita gaMgAmaiyA aura vararuci ke jayaghoSoM se gagana gUMja utthaa| vidyutvega se yaha saMvAda sarvatra phaila gayA ki rAjA ne vararuci ko svarNamudrAeM denA banda kara diyA to kyA huA, use to svayaM gaMgAmAtA prasanna ho kara svarNamudrAeM detI hai / ___ isa adbhuta dRzya ko dekhane ke liye pratidina prAtaHkAla gaMgAnadI ke taTa para logoM kA jamaghaTa lagA rahatA / pratidina sabake samakSa eka hAtha gaMgadhArA se bAhara nikalatA aura vararuci ke hAtha meM 108 svarNamadrAmoM se bharI thailI rakha kara punaH jalapravAha meM tirohita ho jaataa| kucha hI dinoM meM vararuci kA yaza dUra-dUra taka vyApta ho gyaa| eka dina rAjA nanda ne zakaTAra se kahA- "mahAmAtya! hama kaI dinoM se yaha suna rahe haiM ki gaMgA svayaM apane hAtha se vararuci ko pratidina 108 svarNamudrAeM pradAna karatI hai|" __ zakaTAra ne kahA- "naranAtha ! suna to maiM bhI yahI rahA hUM, acchA ho kala gaMgAtaTa para cala kara pratyakSa yaha camatkAra dekha liyA jaay|" dUsare dina prAtaHkAla mahArAja nanda aura mahAmantrI zakaTAra ke gaMgAtaTa para jAne kI bAta pATalIputra ke pratyeka nAgarika ke pAsa pahuMca gii| mahAmAtya zakaTAra ne apane guptacara vibhAga ke eka atyanta catura carakAryapravINa adhikArI ko vAstavikatA kA patA lagAne kA Adeza diyaa| sUryAsta se pahale hI guptacara vibhAga kA vaha adhikArI gaMgAtaTa ke ghane evaM UMce sarakaMDoM kI proTa meM chupa kara baiTha gyaa| cAroM ora andhakAra kA sAmrAjya ho cukane ke pazcAt usane dekhA ki eka vyakti dabe pAMvoM gaMgAtaTa kI ora bar3ha rahA hai / adhikArI ne sAvadhAna ho bar3e dhyAna ne usa vyakti kI ora dekhA / zarIra kI UMcAI evaM AkAra-prakAra se usane tatkAla pahacAna liyA ki vaha vararuci hI

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388 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [rahasyapUrNa camatkAra hai / vaha zvAsocchavAsa ko roke apalaka dRSTi se vararuci kI ora dekhane lgaa| usane dekhA ki vararuci gaMgA ke jala meM ghusa rahA hai / vaha guptacara apane sthAna se bar3I sAvadhAnI ke sAtha uThA aura dhyAnapUrvaka vararuci kI ora dekhane lagA / use aisA lagA mAno vararuci ne eka jagaha para pAnI meM apane paira se kisI vastu ko TaTolA hai aura phira use apane pairoM se dabA diyA hai| andherA hone para bhI tAroM kI TimaTimAhaTa meM camakate hue gaMgAjala meM usane dekhA ki koI vastu pAnI se Upara uThI hai aura vararuci ne apanI bagala meM se kucha nikAla kara usameM rakha diyA hai| isake pazcAt usane dekhA ki vararuci zIghratApUrvaka gaMgA se bAhara nikalA aura pATalIputra nagara kI ora lauTa gyaa| ___ vararuci ke lauTa jAne ke anantara zakaTAra dvArA niyukta guptacara vibhAga kA vaha adhikArI gaMgA ke jala meM ThIka usa hI jagaha pahaMcA jahAM thor3I dera pahale vararuci ko usane dekhA thA / pAnI meM usa adhikArI ne apane pairoM se TaTolanA prArambha kiyaa| kucha hI kSaNoM ke prayAsa ke pazcAt pAnI kI nicalI sataha meM usake paira ne kisI kaThora vastu ke sparza kA anubhava kiyaa| para se acchI taraha TaTola kara usa guptacara ne usa vastu para paira rakhA aura dhIre-dhIre use apane paira se dabAnA prArambha kiyaa| usane dekhA ki gaMgAjala meM se eka vastu Upara uThI aura usake pAsa pA kara ruka gaI / usane pAnI kI sataha meM apane paira ke nIce kI vastu ko yathApUrva dabAye hI rakhA aura apanA hAtha bar3hA kara pAnI se Upara uThI hAtha ke AkAra kI vastu se laTakI huI thailI ko le liyaa| bAyeM hAtha se usa thailI ko thAme usa guptacara ne pAnI se Upara uThI vastu ko apane dAhine hAtha se acchI taraha Tola kara dekhaa| use vizvAsa ho gayA ki vaha kisI kuzala zilpI dvArA nirmita kASTha kA nArI-kara hai / tatkAla sArA rahasya usa guptacara kI samajha meM A gayA ki vastutaH pAnI meM yaMtra rakhA huaA hai, jisako dabAne se kASThanirmita hAtha Upara uTha pAtA hai| usane apane dAhine paira ko Upara utthaayaa| paira ke uThAte hI vaha kASThanirmita hAtha pAnI meM calA gyaa| ___ apane anumAna ko dRr3ha vizvAsa meM pariNata karane aura apane Apako Azvasta karane kI dRSTi se usa guptacara ne pAnI ke andara sthita usa yantra ko bAra-bAra dabAkara dekhaa| jitanI bAra usa yantra ko paira se dabAyA gayA utanI hI bAra vaha dArumaya hAtha pAnI se Upara uThA para aba vaha rikta thA, usameM koI thailI nahIM thii| pUrNarUpeNa prAzvasta ho cukane ke pazcAt vaha guptacara gaMgA se bAhara niklaa| usane thailI ko kholakara usameM rakhI svarNamudrAoM ko ginA aura pAyA ki ve saMkhyA meM pUrI 108 haiN| svarNamudrAmoM ko punaH thelI meM rakhakara vaha tatkAla nagara kI ora loTa par3A aura mahAmAtya ke gupta maMtraraNAkakSa meM pahuMcakara usane unheM praNAma kiyaa| mahAmAtya zakaTAra ne antarvedho dRSTi se usa adhikArI kI ora dekhate hue kahA - "mA gaye saumya ! maiM tumhArI hI pratIkSA kara rahA thaa| tumhArI prasanna

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rahasyapUrNa camatkAra ] dazapUrvadhara kAla : zrAryaM sthUlabhadra 386 mukhamudrA se pratIta ho rahA hai ki tumane usa dhUrta kI dhUrtatA kA pUrA rahasya jAna liyA hai / tumhAre hAtha meM vahI svarNa mudrAoM se bharI thailI hai ? aba aura koI thailI usa yaMtra meM nahIM hai ?" "mantrIzvara kA anumAna zatapratizata ThIka nikalA / yaha hai vaha 108 svarNamudrAtroM se bharI thailI, jo vararuci ko kala prAtaHkAla gaMgAmAtA ke hAtha se nahIM apitu magadha ke mahApratApI mahAmAtya ke hAtha se hI prApta ho skegii| maiMne samIcIna rUpa se dekha liyA hai ki aba usa yantra meM aura koI thailI nahIM hai / " usa thailI ko apane Asana ke pAsa rakhane kA saMketa karate hue zakaTAra ne " bahuta sundara" ina do zabdoM se apane adhikArI kA utsAha bar3hAne ke pazcAt kahA - "saumya aba tuma vizrAma kro| apane caroM ko niyukta kara usa sthAna para kar3I dRSTi rakhanA / " mahAmAtya ko abhivAdana karane ke pazcAt guptacara vibhAga kA adhikArI vahAM se calA gayA / rahasyodghATana dUsare dina sUryodaya se pUrva hI vizAla janasamUha gaMgA ke taTa para ekatrita ho gayA / yathAsamaya magadhezvara mahArAja nanda apane mahAmAtya evaM anya adhikAriyoM ke sAtha gaMgAtaTa para pahuMce / vararuci ne gaMgA meM snAna karane ke pazcAt ucca evaM madhura svara meM gaMgA kI stuti karanA prArambha kiyA / stutipATha ke anantara vararuci ne pratidina kI bhAMti yantra para paira rakhakara dabAyA / sahasA gaMgA kI dhArA meM se eka hAtha Upara uThA para vaha hAtha pUrNataH rikta thA / usameM svarNamudrAoM se bharI thailI nahIM thI / vararuci ne gaMgA meM DubakI lagAkara pAnI meM usa svarNamudrApUrNa thailI ko idhara-udhara bahuta DhUMDhA para usakA sArA prayAsa vyartha gayA / antatogatvA vaha Akasmika anabhravajrapAta se pratAr3ita kI taraha adhomukha kiye hue cupacApa khar3A ho gayA / vararuci ke pAsa pahuMca kara mahAmAtya zakaTAra ne ghanagambhIra svara meM use sambodhita karate hue kahA - " vararuce ! kyA yaha gaMgA nadI tumhAre dvArA dharohara ke rUpa meM isake pAsa rakhA huA dravya bhI tumheM nahIM lauTA rahI hai, jisase ki tuma bAra-bAra usa dravya ko khoja rahe ho ? zoka na karo brahman ! mahArAja nanda ke rAjya meM koI bhI vyakti apane svatva se vaMcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yaha lo tumhArI vaha 108 svarNamudrAoM se pUrita thailI jise tumane rAtri ke samaya gaMgA ke pAsa dharohara ( amAnata ) ke rUpa meM rakhA thA / " yaha kahate hue mahAmAtya zakaTAra ne svarNamudrAoM se bharI thailI vararuci ke hAtha para rakha dI / vararuci ne anubhava kiyA ki vigata katipaya dinoM se jo vizAla janasamUha use gaMgAmAtA kA paramaprItipAtra samajhakara sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhatA A rahA thA vaha aba use mahAdhUrtAvirAja samajhakara ghRNA aura

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. 360 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [rahasyodghATana tiraskArapUrNa dRSTi se dekha rahA hai| use apane prANApaharaNa se bhI atyadhika dussaha pIr3A kA anubhava huaa| mahAmAtya ne praNatipUrvaka mahArAja nanda se nivedana kiyA - "mahArAja! yaha vararuci rAtri ke samaya yahAM Akara svarNamudrAoM kI thailI gaMgA ke andara lagAye gaye yantra meM rakha detA hai aura prAtaHkAla para se usa yantra ko dabAkara usa thailI ko prApta kara janasAdhAraNa kI AMkhoM meM dhUla jhoMkatA hai|" nanda ne sasmita Azcarya bhare svara meM kahA - "mahAmAtya ! Apane isa chalachadma ko sarvasAdhAraNa para prakaTa kara eka bahuta bar3I bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa kara diyaa|' tadanantara gaMgAtaTa para ekatrita samasta janasamUha apane-apane nivAsa sthAna ko lauTa gyaa| vararuci apane isa chalaprapaMca ke prakaTa ho jAne se itanA adhika lajjita huA ki vaha kaI dinoM taka apane nivAsa sthAna se bAhara taka nahIM niklaa| apane isa sArvajanika apamAna kA kAraNa mahAmAtya zakaTAra ko mAnakara vararuci aharniza isakA pratizodha lene hetu zakaTAra ke dAsa-dAsI ke mAdhyama se zakaTAra ke kisI chidra ko DhUMDhane ke prayAsa meM rahane lgaa| eka dina vararuci ko zakaTAra kI eka dAsI se yaha sUcanA milI ki apane putra zrIyaka ke vivAha ke avasara para mahAmAtya zakaTAra mahArAja nanda ko apane nivAsa sthAna para bhojanArtha nimantrita karane vAle haiN| usa samaya mahArAja nanda ko bheMTa karane hetu sundaratama evaM bahumUlya chatra-caMvarAdi samasta rAjyacinha aura Adhunikatama viziSTa prakAra ke saMhAraka zastrAstra mantrIzvara dvArA nirmita karavAye jA rahe haiN| vararuci kA zakaTAra ke viruddha SaDyantra zakaTAra se pratizodha lene hetu vararuci ne uparyukta sUcanA ko apane bhAvI SaDyantra kI upayukta pRSThabhUmi samajha kara nimnalikhita zloka kI racanA kI : na vetti rAjA yadasau zakaTAlaH kariSyati / vyApAdya nandaM tadrarAjye, zrIyakaM sthApayiSyati / arthAt - mahAmantrI zakaTAra jo kucha karanA cAhatA hai, use mahArAja nanda nahIM jAnate / nanda ko mAra kara zakaTAra apane putra zrIyaka ko eka dina magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThA degaa| abhIpTa kAryasAdhaka zloka anAyAsa hI bana par3A hai, yaha dekha kara use kAryanippatti kA vizvAsa huaa| usane pogaNDAvasthA ke bahuta se bAlakoM ko mipTAnnAdi de ekatrita kiyA, unheM yaha zloka kaNThastha karavA kara aura adhika pralobhana dete hue kahA ki ve loga isa zloka ko galiyoM, vAjAroM, cauhaToM, krIr3AsthaloM evaM udyAnoM prAdi meM bArambAra ucca svara se boleN| __vararuci kA tIra ThIka nizAne para lgaa| pATaliputra ke sabhI sArvajanika sthAnoM para usa rahasyapUrNa zloka kI dhvani guMjarita hone lagI / caroM ke mAdhyama

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vararuci kA SaDyantra] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra se jana-jana meM prasRta vaha zloka rAjA nanda ke pAsa pahuMcA / nanda cauMka pdd'aa| usane mana hI mana zakaTAra ke vyaktitva ke sAtha apane vyaktitva kI tulanA kI / ume anubhava hagA ki zakaTAra vastutaH sAre sAmrAjya para chAyA hayA hai| zakaTAra kA prabhAva, pratApa, varcasva aura sabhI kucha apanI tulanA meM nanda ko virATa, sarvatomukhI evaM sarvavyApI pratIta hone lgaa| usane socA sAmUhika svaroM meM prakaTa haI bAta nizcita rUpa se satya hI hogii| isake atirikta zloka dvArA iMgita kArya zakaTAra ke liye dussAdhya nahIM / nanda kI vicAradhArA ne nayA mor3a liyaa| zakaTAra dvArA atIta meM rAjA aura rAjya donoM ke hita meM kiye gaye svAmibhakti ke atyanta mahatvapUrNa kAryoM kA vihaMgamAvalokana karate hue nanda ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki zakaTAra kisI bhI dazA meM usa prakAra kA ghRNita kArya nahIM kara sktaa| __ "pratyeka paristhiti meM vastusthiti se avagata ho jAnA to sarvathA hitaprada hai" isa vicAra ke antarmana meM udbhUta hote hI nanda ne apane eka vizvAsapAtra vyakti ko mahAmAtya ke nivAsasthAna para kiye jA rahe kAryoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prApta karane hetu prAdeza diyA / nanda kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara vaha vyakti tatkAla mahAmAtya zakaTAra ke nivAsasthAna para phuNcaa| usa samaya saMyogavaza mahArAja nanda ko bheMTa karane hetu chatra, ca~vara, khaDga va navAviSkRta zastrAstra bhaNDAra meM rakhavAye jA rahe the| nanda ke vizvAsapAtra vyakti ne tatkAla nanda ke pAsa lauTa kara jo kucha usane apanI prAMkhoM se dekhA thA vaha sArA vivaraNa nanda ke sammukha prastuta kara diyaa| nanda ko ukta zloka meM kiye gaye iMgita para kucha vizvAsa huA / para nanda bar3A catura nItijJa thaa| "kabhI-kabhI prAMkhoM se dekhI huI bAta bhI asatya siddha ho sakatI hai" isa nItivAkya ko usane apane prAcaraNa meM DhAla rakhA thaa| usane sahasA koI sAhasapUrNa kArya karanA ucita nahIM smjhaa| rAjasevA meM mahAmAtya ke samupasthita hone kA niyata samaya sannikaTa A rahA thaa| nanda usa samaya kI pratIkSA meM apane siMhAsana para baiThA rahA / nizcita samaya para mahAmAtya zakaTAra nanda kI sevA meM upasthita hamA aura usane rAjA ko praNAma kiyaa| bahuta prayAsa karane para bhI nanda apane krodha ko chupA nahIM sakA aura usane vakra evaM kruddha dRSTi se zakaTAra kI ora dekhate hue apanA mukha zakaTAra kI ora se dUsarI ora mor3a liyaa| prANa dekara bhI parivAra-rakSA nanda kI tanI huI bhauMhoM aura vakradRSTi ko dekha kara zakaTAra samajha gayA ki usake viruddha kiyA gayA koI bhISaNa gupta SaDyantra saphala ho cukA hai| tatkAla apane ghara lauTa kara zakaTAra ne zrIyaka se kahA- "vatsa ! mahArAja nanda ko kisI SaDyantrakArI ne vizvAsa dilA diyA hai ki aba maiM unake prati svAmibhakta nahIM rahA huuN| aisI sthiti meM kisI bhI samaya hamAre samasta parivAra kA sarvanAza ho sakatA hai ataH apane kula kI rakSArtha maiM tumhe Adeza detA hUM ki

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362 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ vararuci kA paDyantra jisa samaya meM nanda ke samakSa praraNAma karate hue apanA sira jhukAUM usa hI samaya tuma binA kisI prakAra kA soca-vicAra kiye apanI talavAra se merA zira kATa kara dhar3a se pRthak kara denA aura rAjA ke prati pUrNa svAmibhakti prakaTa karate hue kahanA, "svAmidrohI cAhe pitA hI kyoM na ho, usakA tatkAla vadha kara DAlanA cAhiye / kevala isa upAya se hI hamAre parivAra kI rakSA ho sakatI hai anyathA sarvanAza samupasthita hai / " zrIka ne prAMsU bahAte hue prakampita svara meM kahA- "tAta ! jisa jaghanya kRtya ko karane ke liye Apa Adeza de rahe haiM vaisA kukRtya to saMbhavataH koI cANDAla bhI nahIM karegA / " zakaTAra ne zrIyaka ko sAntvanA dete hue kahA - "prasannasaMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM isa prakAra ke vicAra mana meM lA kara to tuma zatrunoM ke manorathoM kI pUrti meM sahAyatA hI karoge / rAjA ko praNAma karate samaya maiM apane mukha meM kAlakUTa viSa rakha lUMgA / aisI dazA meM merA zira kATane se tumheM pitRhatyA kA doSa bhI nahIM lagegA | kAla ke samAna vikarAla rAjA nanda hamAre samasta parivAra ko mauta ke ghATa utAre, usase pahale hI tuma apane vaMza ko vinAza se bacAne hetu merA zira kATa ddaalo| tuma aba merI cintA na karo, maiM to aba jarAjIrNa hone ke kAraNa kucha hI samaya meM mRtyu ke mukha meM jAne vAlA thaa| beTA ! calo, merI AjJA kA pAlana kara apane vaMza kI rakSA karo / " zrIyaka ko sAtha liye zakaTAra rAjabhavana meM nanda ke samakSa upasthita huA aura use praNAma karane ke liye usane zira jhukAyA / zrIyaka ne tatkAla khaDga ke prahAra se zakaTAra kA zira kATa ddaalaa| yaha durbhAgyapUrNa ghaTanA vIra nirvAraNa saM0 146 meM ghaTita huI / nanda ne har3abar3A kara Azcarya bhare svara meM kahA - "beTA zrIyaka ! tumane yaha kyA kara DAlA ? " zrIyaka ne prati gambhIra mudrA meM kahA - "svAmin! jaba Apako yaha vidita ho gayA ki mahAmAtya svAmidrohI haiM to usa dazA meM maiMne inako mAra kara sevaka ke yogya hI kArya kiyA hai / pratyeka sevaka kA yaha karttavya hai ki yadi svayaM usako kisI ke dvArA svAmidroha kiye jAne kI bAta vidita ho to usa para karttavyAkarttavya kA vicAra kare kintu yadi usake svAmI ko svayaM ko hI jJAta ho jAya ki amuka vyakti svAmIdrohI hai, to usa dazA meM sevaka kA yaha kartavya nahIM ki vaha vicAra kare apitu usakA to usa dazA meM yaha parama kartavya ho jAtA hai ki tatkAla usa svAmidrohI ke astitva ko hI miTA de / " nanda avAk ho zrIka kI ora dekhatA hI raha gyaa| usane pUrNa rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha apane svargastha mahAmAtya kA antima saMskAra sampanna karavAyA /

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393 . vararuci kA SaDyantra] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya sthUlabhadra mRtaka kI prauddhadaihika kriyAoM kI samApti ke anantara nanda ne zrIyaka se magadharAjya ke mahAmAtya pada ko svIkAra karane kI abhyarthanA kii| zrIyaka ne vinamra svara meM kahA - "magadhezvara ! mere jyeSTha bhrAtA sthUlabhadra mere pitA ke samAna hI yogya haiM / ataH Apa mahAmAtya kA pada unheM hI pradAna kreN| mere pitazrI ke nissIma sneha ke prasAda se ve vigata bAraha varSoM se kozA vezyA ke nivAsasthAna para hI rahate pA rahe haiM!" mahAmAtya pada mahArAja nanda ne tatkAla apane uccAdhikAriyoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve pUrNa sammAna ke sAtha sthUlabhadra se nivedana kareM ki magadhAdhirAja unase milane ke liye bar3e utsuka haiN| paryApta pratIkSA ke pazcAt pronnatabhAla, vyUDhoraSka, vRSaskandha, pralambabAhu, sugauravarNa atyanta sammohaka vyaktitva vAle eka tejasvI yuvaka ne dhIra-manthara gati se magadhapati ke rAjabhavana meM praveza kara mahArAja nanda ko praNAma karate hue kahA- "magadharAjya ke svargIya mahAmAtya zrI zakaTAra kA putra sthUlabhadra magadha ke mahAmahima samrAT mahArAja nanda ko sAdara praNAma karatA hai|" nanda ne apane samIpastha Asana para baiThane kA saMketa karate hue sthUlabhadra se kahA - "saumya sthUlabhadra ! apane pitA ke svargagamana ke kAraNa rikta hue magadha ke mahAmAtya pada ko aba tuma svIkAra kro|" __ "mahArAja maiM soca-vicAra ke pazcAt hI isa sambandha meM nivedana kara sakatA huuN|" sthUlabhadra ne yaha choTA-sA uttara diyaa| nanda ne kahA - "sthUlabhadra ! rAjabhavana ke azokodyAna meM baiThakara tuma yahIM vicAra karalo aura zIghra mujhe uttara do|" "yathAjJApayati deva !" kaha kara sthUlabhadra ne mahArAja nanda ko praNAma kiyA aura ve azokodyAna meM eka vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara apane sammukha upasthita prazna para vicAra karane lge| yoM to sthUlabhadra kozA vezyA ke yahAM rahakara zArIrika vAsanApUrNa jIvana vyatIta kara rahe the para unakA vivekazIla antarmana vastutaH pUrNarUpeNa jAgarUka thaa| jina paristhitiyoM meM unake pitA magadha ke mahAmAtya zakaTAra kI mRtyu huI, una saba para vicAra karane ke pazcAt sthUlabhadra ke mana meM eka vicitra prakAra kA vicAramanthana prArambha ho cukA thaa| sthUlabhadra ne socA - "jisa rAjasattA aura rAja-vaibhava ne mere devatulya pitA ko akAraNa hI akAlamRtyu ke gAla meM Dhakela diyA, usa prabhutva evaM sattAsampanna mahAmAtya pada koM pAkara vastutaH maiM sukhI nahIM ho sktaa| merI bhI eka na eka dina vaisI hI durgati ho sakatI hai| aisI saMzayAspada sthiti meM mere liye yahI zreyaskara hai ki maiM isa prakAra kI sampadA aura sattA kA varaNa karU jo sadA ke liye mujhe sukhI banA kara merI cirasaMginI banI rhe|"

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364 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mahAmAtya pada - isa prakAra ke vicAramanthana ne sthUlabhadra ko sAsArika vaibhavoM, prapaMcoM aura bandhanoM se virakta banA diyaa| vastusthiti ke isa vAstavika bodha ne sthUlabhadra ke jIvana kI dazA hI badala ddaalii| unhoMne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA - "mahAmAtya kA pada nissaMdeha bar3A ucca pada hai para vaha bhI antatogatvA hai to bhRtyakarma, dAsatva aura pAratantrya hii| parAdhIna vyakti svapna taka meM sukha kI anubhUti nahIM kara sktaa| rAjA, rAjya aura rASTra kI cintAoM se pUrNarUpeNa AcchAdita eka bhRtya ke citta meM svayaM ke sukha-duHkha ke liye socane kA koI avakAza hI nahIM raha jaataa| rAjA aura rAjya ke hita meM apanI bauddhika evaM zArIrika zakti kA nizzeSa vyaya karane ke pazcAt bhI bhRtya ke liye pratyeka pada para sarvasvApaharaNa aura prANApahAra taka kA bhaya sadA banA rahatA hai| usa samasta zaktivyaya kA pratiphala zUnya ke tulya hai| kahA bhI hai :mudreyaM khalu pAravazya jananI saukhyacchide dehinAM, nityaM karkazakarmabandhanakarI, dharmAntarAyAvahA / rAjArthekaparaiva saMprati punaH svArthaprajApihRt, - tabrUmaH kimataH paraM matimatAM, lokadvayApAyakRt / / arthAt - yaha rAjamudrA paravazatA utpanna karane vAlI aura manuSyoM ke sukha kA vinAza karane vAlI hai| sadA kaThora karmabandha kI kAraNa aura dharmasAdhana meM vighna rUpa hai| eka mAtra rAjA ke hita ko hI dRSTi meM rakhane vAlI yaha (pradhAnAmAtya kI) prabhutA svayaM ke tathA prajA ke hita kA haraNa karane vAlI hai| vastutaH ihaloka aura paraloka - donoM hI lokoM ko bigAr3ane vAlI isase (pradhAnAmAnya kI mudrA athavA sattA se) bar3hakara saMsAra meM aura kaunasI vastu ho sakatI hai ? . aisI dazA meM buddhimAn vyakti kA kartavya ho jAtA hai ki vaha kevala rAjA ke hita meM apanI zakti kA apavyaya na kara prAtmakalyANa ke liye zakti kA sadvyaya kre| ___isa prakAra vicAra karate-karate sthUlabhadra zIghra hI eka nirNaya para pahu~ca gye| unhoMne saMsAra ke sampUrNa prapaMcoM kA parityAga kara prAtmakalyANa karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyaa| unhoMne tatkSaNa paMcamuSTi-laMcana kara apane ratnakaMbala kI phaliyoM kA proSA (rajoharaNa) banAkara sAdhu veSa dhAraNa kara liyaa| tadanantara ve sAdhu veSa meM hI mahArAja nanda ke sammukha rAjyasabhA meM upasthita ho bole"rAjan ! maiMne bahuta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt yaha nirNaya kiyA hai ki mujhe bhavaprapaMca var3hAne vAlA mahAmAtyAsana nahIM apitu aparopatApI vairAgyasAdhaka. darbhAsana caahie| maiM rAga kA nahIM kintu tyAga kA upAsaka bananA cAhatA hai| yaha kahakara prArya sthUlabhadra ne rAjyaprAsAdoM se bAhara kI ora prasthAna kara diyaa| mahArAja nanda sahita samasta rAjyapariSada sthUlabhadra dvArA kiye gaye isa apratyAzita nirNaya se stabdha raha gii|

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365 mahAmAtya pada dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra __ kahIM prArya sthUlabhadra punaH kozA vezyA ke graha kI ora to nahIM lauTa rahe haiM isa aAzaMkA se rAjA nanda apane prAsAda ke gavAkSa se rAjapatha para jAte hae Arya sthUlabhadra kI ora dekhane lage / jaba mahArAja nanda ne dekhA ki prArya sthUlabhadra nagara kI ghanI bastI vAle muhalloM se mukha mor3akara sunasAna zmazAnoM aura nirjana ekAnta sthaloM ko bhI pAra karate jA rahe haiM to nanda kA mastaka sahasA zraddhA se jhuka gyaa| usane pazcAttApapUrNa svara meM kahA- "mujhe kheda hai ki maiMne aise mahAn tyAgI mahAtmA ke liye bhI apane mana meM kuvicAra ko sthAna diyaa|" sthUlabhadra kI dIkSA aura vararuci kA maraNa sthUlabhadra ne bhavya bhavana, sura sundarI-sI kozA aura navya-bhavya bhogoM kA tatkSaraNa usI prakAra parityAga kara diyA, jisa prakAra ki sarpa kaMcUkI ko chor3atA hai| ve tana, dhana, parijana kA moha chor3akara pUrNa vairAgyabhAva se nagara ke bAhara virAjamAna prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya ke pAsa pahuMce aura savinaya vandana ke pazcAt unakI caraNazaraNa grahaNa kara vIra ni0 saM0 146 meM unhoMne zramaNa-dIkSA svIkAra kara lii| samasta zramaraNacaryA kA nirdoSarUpa se pAlana karane ke sAtha-sAtha, savinaya guruparicaryA, dIkSAvaddha thamaNoM kI sevA-suzruSA evaM tapazcaraNa dvArA apane karmandhana ko bhasmasAt karate hae muni sthUlabhadra apane gurU prAcArya sambhUtavijayajI ke pAsa var3I tanmayatA se zAstroM kA adhyayana karane lge| Arya sthUlabhadra ke cale jAne ke anantara mahArAja nanda ne zrIyaka ko magadha kA mahAmAtya bnaayaa| kuzala rAjanItijJa zrIyaka ne apane pitA zakaTAra kI taraha bar3I nipuNatA ke sAtha rAjya kA saMcAlana karate hae magadha kI zrI meM abhivRddhi karanA prArambha kiyaa| mahArAja nanda apane svargIya mahAmAtya zakaTAra ke samAna hI apane yuvA mahAmAtya zrIyaka kA samAdara karate the| mahAmantrI zakaTAra kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vararuci bhI nityaprati niyamita rUpa se mahArAja nanda kI sevA meM upasthita hone lgaa| vaha punaH rAjA aura prajA kA zanaiH zanaiH sammAnapAtra bana gyaa| zrIyaka samaya nikAlakara apane jyeSTha sahodara sthUlabhadra ke pravajita hone ke kAraNa dukhita kozA vezyA ko sAntvanA dene hetu usake ghara para jAte rahate the| zrIyaka ko dekhakara apane prANAdhika priya sthUlabhadra ke viraha-janya duHkha se vihvala ho kozA phUTa-phUTakara rone lgtii| apane sahodara ke prati kozA kA nissIma prema dekhakara zrIyaka ke mana meM kozA ke prati Adara evaM prAtmIyatA ke bhAva dinapratidina bar3hate hI gye| zakaDAla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vararuci nirbhaya hokara rahane lgaa| rAjya sArA prApta mammAna ke mada meM madAndha ho vararuci pathabhrapTa evaM vezyAgAmIbana gyaa| grahaniza upakozA ke saMsarga meM rahate-rahate vaha zIghra hI madyapAyI bana gyaa|

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366 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [dIkSA va vara0 kA maraNa vararuci ke madyapI hone kI sUcanA prApta hote hI mahArAja nanda bar3e kruddha hue aura unhoMne usake madyapI hone athavA na hone kA nirNaya karane ke liye parIkSA karanA Avazyaka smjhaa| eka dina jaba vararuci rAjya sabhA meM Aye to unheM madanaphala ke cUrNa se yukta kamala puSpa saMghane hetu diyA gyaa| usake saMghate hI vararuci ko vamana huprA aura candrahAsa surA kI tIvra gandha rAjya sabhA meM tatkAla vyApta ho gii| phalataH vararuci kA rAjA, rAjasabhA, samAja aura prajAjanoM dvArA bar3A tiraskAra huyA evaM vaha bar3I durlakSyapUrNa sthiti meM akAla meM hI kAla kA kavala bana gyaa| apane pitA kI hatyA karavAne vAle vararuci kI mRtyu ke pazcAt zrIyaka katipaya varSoM taka bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha magadha sAmrAjya ke mahAmAtya pada ke kAryabhAra kA nirvahana karatA rahA kintu usake antara meM kevala rAjanayika prapaMcoM ke prati hI nahIM apitu samasta sAMsArika kAryakalApoM ke prati virakti ke bIja aMkurita ho zanaiH zanaiH pallavita evaM puSpita hone lge| prArya sthUlabhadra dvArA atiduSkara abhigraha udhara grahaniza apane pArAdhya gurudeva ke sAnidhya meM rahate hue sutIkSNa buddhi sthUlabhadra muni ne anavarata parizrama karate hue sampUrNa ekAdazAMgI para AdhikArika rUpa se niSNAtatA prApta kara lii|| varSAkAla samupasthita hone para prAcArya sambhUtavijaya ke sammukha upasthita hokara unake tIna ziSyoM ne ghora abhigrahoM ko dhAraNa karane kI icchA prakaTa karate hae kramazaH prArthanA kii| prathama ziSya ne sAMjali zIza jhukA kara kahA - "prabho! maiM nirantara cAra mAsa taka upavAsa ke sAtha siMha kI guphA ke dvAra para dhyAnamagna rahanA cAhatA huuN|" dUsare ziSya ne nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! maiM cAra mAsa taka nirjala evaM nirAhAra rahate hue dRSTiviSa sarpa kI bAMbI ke pAsa khaDe raha kara kAyotsarga karanA cAhatA huuN|" tIsare ziSya ne kahA- "ArAdhya guruvara ! yaha ApakA akiMcana ziSya kueM ke mAMDake para apanA pAsana jamA kara upavAsa pUrvaka nirantara cAra mAsa taka dhyAnamagna rahane kI Apase AjJA cAhatA hai|" AcArya sambhUtavijaya ne apane una tInoM ziSyoM ko unake dvArA abhigrahIta duSkara kAryoM ke niSpAdana ke yogya samajha kara unheM unakI icchAnusAra duSkara tapasyA karane kI anumati pradAna kara dii| usa hI samaya Arya sthUlabhadra muni ne apane guru ke caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAte hue hAtha jor3a kara prArthanA kI - "karuNAsindho! ApakA yaha ananya sevaka kozA vezyA ke bhavana kI, kAmoddIpaka aneka AkarSaka citroM se maNDita citrazAlA meM SaDrasa vyaMjanoM kA AhAra karate hue cAra mAsa taka raha kara samasta vikAroM se dUra rahane kI sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai|"

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sthUlabhadra dvArA a0 abhigraha] dazapUrvadhara - kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra 367 AcArya sambhUtavijaya ne apane viziSTa jJAnopayoga se kSaNa bhara vicAra kara prArya sthUlabhadra ko usa kaThora sAdhanA meM samuttIrNa hone ke yogya samajhA aura unheM kozA vezyA kI citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane kI AjJA pradAna kara dI / AcArya sambhUtavijaya kI prajJA prApta kara cAroM ziSya apane-apane abhISTa sthAna kI prara prasthita hue / prathama tInoM ziSya apane-apane uddiSTa sthAna para pahuMca kara dhyAnamagna ho gaye / unake tapopUta zAnta prAtmateja ke prabhAva se siMha, sarpa aura kueM kA mANDakA ye tInoM hI kramazaH una tInoM muniyoM ke samakSa zAnta evaM nirApada ho gaye / una tInoM muniyoM ne pRthak-pRthak una tIna sthAnoM para cAra mAsa ke liye azana-pAnAdi kA parityAga kara dhyAna karanA prArambha kara diyA / Arya sthUlabhadra bhI kozA vezyA ke bhavya bhavana ke prAMgaNa meM pahuMce / ciraproSita apane jIvanadhana ko dekhate hI koSA harSotphulla ho hAtha jor3e zIghratApUrvaka muni sthUlabhadra ke sammukha upasthita huii| usane mana hI mana socA ki janmajAta sukumAra sthUlabhadra saMyama ke durvaha vipula bhAra se abhibhUta hokara sadA-sarvadA usake pAsa rahane ke liye hI Aye haiM / sasmita sumadhura svara meM kozA ne kahA - "svAmin prApakI janma-janma kI yaha dAsI ApakA svAgata karatI hai / apane abhISTa kI abhiniSpatti hetu prajJA pradAna kara ise kRtArtha kIjiye / jIvanadhana ! yaha tana, mana, dhana, jIvana aura sarvasva Apake caraNoM para samarpita hai / " 1 muni sthUlabhadra ne kahA - "zrAvike ! cAra mAsa taka tumhArI citrazAlA meM nivAsa karane kI svIkRti do / " "svAmin ! citrazAlA prastuta hai, isameM virAjiye aura sevikA ko kRtArtha kIjiye / " harSa se pulakitAMgI kozA ne kahA / apane zrAtmabala para pUrNarUpeNa prAzvasta prArya sthUlabhadra ne ratI kI raMgasthalI ke samAna sahaja hI kAmoddIpinI usa citrazAlA meM praveza kara vahAM apanA Asana jamAyA | madhukarI ke samaya kozA ne muni sthUlabhadra ko svAdutama SaDrasa bhojana karavAyA / AhAra Adi se muni ke nivRtta ho jAne ke uparAnta solaha zRMgAroM se viziSTa rUpeNa susajjita kozA ne citrazAlA ke samasta dAyumaNDala ko aneka prakAra kI sugandhiyoM se mAdaka aura apane nUpuroM kI jhaMkAra se citrazAlA ko mukharita karate hue muni sthUlabhadra ke samakSa upasthita ho unheM praNAma kiyA / laukika rUpasudhA ke udvelita sAgara ke samAna usa kozA kI mukhamudrA se usa samaya aisA pratIta ho rahA thA mAno koI anupama sundarI surabAlA apane apratima saundarya se tribhuvana para prapanI vijayavaijayantI phaharAne ke liye kRtasaMkalpa ho / usa pratikamanIya kAntAratna kozA ne katipaya vIraNAoM ke kase hue patIla tAroM kI layayukta prati komala evaM karNapriya yugapad bhaMkAra ke samAna prati sammohaka

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368 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sthUlabhadra dvArA pra0 pra0 svara meM kahA - "mere jIvanadhana ! ApakI virahAgni meM vidagdhaprAyA ApakI isa kAmavallarI ko apanI madhura muskAna ke amRta se punarujjIvita kiijiye|" muni sthUlabhadra pUrNataH nirvikAra aura mauna rhe| apano kAruNyapUrNa kAmAbhyarthanA kA Arya sthUlabhadra para koI prabhAva na hote dekha kara kozA ke antara meM prasupta nArItva kA ahaM pUrNa rUpeNa jAgRta ho utthaa| usane triyAcaritra ke samasta adhyAyoM ko kholate hue Arya sthUlabhadra para kramazaH apane amogha kaTAkSa-bANoM, vividha hAvabhAvoM ke sammohanAstroM aura hRdaya ko haThAt Abaddha karane vAle karuNakrandana, mUrchA, pralApa, vividha vyAja Adi nAgapAzoM kA, punaH punaH prayoga karanA prArambha kiyaa| para jisa prakAra vajra para kiyA gayA nakhoM kA prahAra nitAnta nirarthaka aura niSprabhAva hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra ekAntataH AtmaniSTha mahAmuni sthUlabhadra para kozA dvArA kiye gaye samasta kAmoddIpaka kaTAkSa-prahAra pUrNarUpeNa vyartha hI gaye / jyoM-jyoM sthUlabhadra ko sAdhanApatha se vicalita karane ke abhiprAya se kozA dvArA kAmottejaka prahAroM meM kramazaH tIvratA lAI gaI tyoM-tyoM muni sthUlabhadra ke dhyAna kI ekAgratA uttarottara var3hatI hI gaI / kozA ne nirantara bAraha varSa taka apane sAtha sthUlabhadra dvArA pUrva meM kI gaI kAmakeliyoM kA sthUlabhadra ko smaraNa dilAte hae usa hI prakAra kI kAmakeliyAM punaH karane ke liye bArambAra asIma prema ke sAtha Amantrita kiyA, uttejita kiyA para saba vyartha / kozA pratidina muni sthUlabhadra ko SaDasamaya aneka prakAra ke svAdiSTa bhojana karAtI aura unheM viSaya sukhoM ke upabhoga ke liye Amantrita karatI huI nityaprati navInatama upAyoM kA prAzraya le unheM apanI ora AkarSita karane kA aharniza prayAsa karatI rahatI kintu sthUlabhadra muni kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita hue binA nirantara indriyadamana karate hue sAdhanApatha para uttarottara Age kI ora bar3hate rahe / antatogatvA cAturmAsa kA avasAna hote-hote kozA ne apanI hAra svIkAra karate hae hatAza ho muni sthUlabhadra ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke sabhI prayAsa samApta kara diye / mahAyogI sthUlabhadra kA indriyadamana meM adRpTapUrva alaukika sAmarthya dekha kara kozA sthUlabhadra ke samakSa apanA mastaka jhukAte hue pazcAttApa bharaM svara meM kahane lagI"kSamAsAgara mahAmune ! mere saba aparAdha kSamA kara diijiye| mujha mUrkhA ko anekazaH dhikkAra hai ki maiMne ajJAnavaza pahale kI taraha Apako viSayopabhogoM kI prora AkarSita karane kA viphala prayAsa kiyaa| kajjalagiri kI guphA meM raha kara koI apane Apako kAlimA se nahIM bacA sakatA para grApane isa asabhava kArya ko sambhava kara batAyA hai / asAdhya ko siddha karane vAle yogirAja ! pApako sahasrazaH namaskAra hai|" muni sthUlabhadra ke upadeza se kozA ne dharma meM apanI pragAr3ha zraddhA abhivyakta karate hue muni sthUlabhadra se zrAvikA-dharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura vaha pUrNa vizuddha manobhAvoM ke sAtha unakI sevA karane lgii|

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sthUlabhadra dvArA pra. abhigraha) dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya sthUlabhadra 366 cAturmAsa kI samApti para siMhaguhA, dRSTiviSa-viSadhara-valmIka aura kUpa'mANDaMka para cAturmAsa karane vAle tInoM muni niraticAra rUpeNa apane-apane abhigrahoM kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt prAcArya sambhUtavijaya kI sevA meM upasthita hue| kramazaH una tInoM muniyoM ke prAgamana para AcArya sambhUtavijaya ne apane grAgana se kucha Upara uTha kara una dhAra tapasviyA kA svAgata karate hue kahA - "durakara sAdhanA karane vAle tapasviyo ! tumhArA svAgata hai|" - kozA vezyA ke ghara se pAte hae daidIpyamAna zubhra lalATa vAle apane ziSya sthUlabhadra ko dekha kara prAcArya saMbhUtavijaya sahasA apane pAsana se uTha khar3e hue aura unhAne muni sthUlabhadra kA svAgata karate hue kahA - "duSkara se bhI atiduSkara kArya ko karane vAle sAdhaka ziromarage ! tumhArA svAgata hai|" - sthUlabhadra ne prAbhAra pradazita karate hae vinayAvanata ho kahA - "gurudeva ! yaha saba pApakA hI nApa hai / merI kyA zakti hai ?'' muni sthUlabhadra ko gurU dvArA apane se adhika sammAnita hA dekha una tInoM sAdhuoM ke mana meM IrSyA aMkurita ho uThI / ve tInoM muni prArya sthUlabhadra ke prati apane IrSyA ke bhAva abhivyakta karate hue paraspara bAta karane lage- "grArya sthUlabhadra mantripUtra haiM, isa hI kAraNa gurudeva ne unake sAtha pakSapAta karate hue unheM "duSkaraduSkarakArin" ke sambodhana se sarvAdhika sammAna diyA hai / bhavya bhavana meM raha kara SaDrasa bhojana karate hue bhI yadi "duSkaraduSkarakArI" kI upAdhi prApta kI jA sakatI hai to AgAmI cAturmAsa meM hama loga bhI avazyameva yaha sukara kArya kara "duSkaraduSkarakArI" kI durlabha upAdhi prApta kreNge|" tadanaMtara prAcArya sambhUvijaya ne apane ziSyasamUha sahita anyatra vihAra kara diyaa| pATha mAsa taka aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue unhoMne aneka bhavya jIvoM kA kalyANa kiyaa| isa prakAra punaH cAturmAsa kA samaya pA samupasthita huaa| sthUlabhadra se hor3a ____siMha kI guphA ke dvAra para vigata cAturmAsa vyatIta karane vAle muni ne prAcAryapravara ke sammukha upasthita ho savidhi vandana ke pazcAt unakI sevA meM prArthanA kI- "gurudeva ! maiM yaha cAturmAsa kozA vezyA kI citrazAlA meM raha kara SaDrasa bhojana karate hue vyatIta karanA cAhatA huuN| kRpA kara mujhe isake liye AjJA pradAna kiijiye|" ___AcArya sambhUtavijaya se yaha chupA na raha sakA ki vaha muni Arya sthUlabhadra ke prati mAtsaryavaza usa prakAra kA abhigraha dhAraNa kara rahA hai| apane viziSTa jJAna se upayoga lagAne ke pazcAta prAcAryazrI ne kahA- "vatsa ! tuma isa prakAra ke atiduSkaraduSkara abhigraha ko dhAraNa karane kA vicAra tyAga do, isa prakAra ke abhigraha ko dhAraNa karane meM sumeru ke samAna acala aura dRr3ha manobala vAlA sthUlabhadra muni hI samartha hai|"

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400 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sthUlabhadra dvArA pra0 pra0 ziSya ne haThapUrvaka uttara diyA - "gurudeva ! yaha kArya mere liye duSkaraduSkara nahIM apitu sahaja sukara hai / maiM isa abhigraha ko avazyameva dhAraNa kruugaa|" ghora garta meM jAnabUjha kara girane ke icchuka apane ziSya kI dayanIya dazA para dayA se dravita ho AcArya sambhUtavijaya ne use samajhAte hue zAnta aura madhura svara meM kahA- "vatsa ! aisA dussAhasa na kro| apanI isa avicArakAritA ke kAraNa tuma apane pUrvopArjita tapa-saMyama ko bhI kho baitthoge| apanI zakti se adhika bhAra ko apane sira para uThAne para pratyeka vyakti ke aMgabhaMga kA bhaya rahatA hai| kahA bhI hai : "dekhA-dekhI sAdhe joga, chIje kAyA bAr3he roga" IrSyA se abhibhUta usa muni ko apane guru ke hitakara vacana kiMcitmAtra bhI rucikara nahIM lge| vaha guruprAjJA kI avahelanA kara kozA vezyA ke bhavana kI ora prasthita huaa| apane prAMgaNa meM usa muni ko AyA hayA dekha kara kozA tatkAla samajha gaI ki Arya sthUlabhadra ke sAtha pratispardhA kI bhAvanA se prerita ho yaha muni yahAM cAturmAsa vyatIta karane AyA hai| yaha kahIM bhavasAgara ke bhaMvara meM phaMsa kara anantakAla taka bhavavIciyoM kI bhayAvaha thaper3oM ke asahya kaSTa kA bhAgI na ho jAya isa AzaMkA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue usakI rakSA kA upAya karanA Avazyaka hai| yaha vicAra kara kozA usa muni ke samakSa upasthita huI aura usane muni ko praNAma karate hue pUchA- "mahAmune ! aAjJA dIjiye, maiM Apake kisa abhISTa kA niSpAdana karU?" __ "bhadre ! maiM Arya sthUlabhadra kI taraha tumhArI citrazAlA meM cAturmAsa vyatIta karanA cAhatA hUM, ataH tuma mujhe apanI citrazAlA rahane ke liye do|" kozA dvArA muni ko pratibodha kozA ne muni ko citrazAlA meM rahane kI anumati dekara SaDrasa bhojana kraayaa| madhyAhnavelA meM muni kI parIkSA hetu kozA ne ati manorama evaM AkarSaka veSabhUSA se apane Apako susajjita kara citrazAlA meM praveza kiyaa| kozA ko eka bhI kaTAkSanikSepa kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3I kyoMki AkarSaka vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta usa rUparAzi ko dekhate hI muni kAmavihvala ho abhyasta yAcaka kI taraha usase abhyarthanA karane lge| SaDrasa bhojana ke pazcAt sundara nArI ke darzanamAtra se kAmAndha ho usa muni ne bhartRhari kI nimnalikhita ukti ko tatkAla caritArtha kara dikhAyA :vizvAmitra parAsaraH prabhRtayo vAtAmbupAsanA ste'pi strImukhapaMkajaM sulalitaM dRSTvaMva mohaMgatAH / zAlyannaM saghRtaM payodadhiyutaM bhuMjanti ye mAnavA steSAmidriyanigraho yadi bhavet vindhastarecchAgaram / /

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kozA dvArA muniko prati0] dazapUrvara-kAna : sarva sthUlabhadra muni ko viSaya-vAsanAoM ke ghora andhakUpa meM girane se bacAne hetu koNA ne kahA - " mahAtman ! sAdhAraraNa se sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI isa bAta ko bhalIbhAMti samajhatA hai ki hama vArAMganAeM kevala dravya kI hI dAsiyAM haiM / " "bhadre ! mujha jaise vyakti se dravya kI AzA karanA bAlU se tela nikAlane jaimI durAzA mAtra hai / sumukhi ! tuma merI dayanIya dazA para dayA kara merI manokAmanA pUrNa karo / " smarArta muni ne yAcanAbhare karuNa svara meM abhyarthanA kI / catura kozA ne dRr3hatA bhare svara meM kahA - "mahAtman ! muni bhale hI panA niyama tor3a deM para veNyA apane paramparAgata niyamoM kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatI | grAma grapanI manokAmanA pUrNa karanA hI cAhate haiM to Apako eka upAya maiM batA sakatI huuN| vaha yaha hai ki nepAla deza ke kSitipAla navAgata sAdhutroM ko ratnakambaloM kA dAna karate haiM / Apa vahAM jAiye aura ratnakamvala le Aiye / " vipayAndha vyakti ko aucityAnaucitya kA koI dhyAna nahIM rahatA / vaha apanI vAsanApUrti ke liye nahIM karane yogya kArya ko bhI karane meM nahIM hica - kicaataa| vaha muni ratnakambala kI prApti ke liye tatkAla nepAla kI ora cala pdd'e| unhoMne kAmAndha hone ke kAraNa yaha taka nahIM socA ki cAturmAsa ke samaya meM vihAra karanA zramaraNakalpa ke pratikUla hai / viSayopabhoga ke anantara aura bhI pracaNDa vega se bhar3akane vAlI aura kabhI na bujhane vAlI kAmAgni ko zAnta karane kI abhilASA liye vaha muni hiMsaka pazuoM se vyApta saghana vanoM aura durladhya gaganacumbI parvatoM ko pAra karate hue nepAla pradeza meM phuNce| vahAM ke rAjA se unheM ratnakambala kI prApti huI / ratnakambala ko muni ne bAMsa ke eka prAkararNAnta DaMDe meM chupA kara rakha liyA aura ve prasanna mudrA meM punaH pATaliputra nagara kI ora lauTa par3e / kozA ke prAvAsa meM pahuMcate hI unakI icchApUrti ho jAyagI, isa madhura AzA ko apane antara meM chupAye ve binA vizrAma kiye drutatara gati se maMjiloM para maMjileM pAra karate hue eka vikaTa aTavI ke madhyabhAga meM phuNce| vahAM coroM ke zakunI tote ne kahA - "eka lAkha raupyaka ke mUlya kA mAla A rahA hai / " 401 coroM ke adhipati ne vRkSa para car3he apane eka cora sAthI se pUchA - "sAvadhAnI se dekho, kauna A rahA hai ?" vRkSa para car3he cora ne kahA - "eka sAdhu A rahA hai / " usa muni ke samIpa Ane para coroM ne use pakar3A para usake pAsa kisI prakAra kA dravya na pA kara unhoMne use jAne kI anumati de dii| muni ke patha para agrasara hote hI usa zakunI ne puna: kahA - "eka lAkha rupayoM ke mUlya kA mAla jA rahA hai|" kahA ki vaha saca saca batA de, vastutaH coroM ke nAyaka ne usa muni se 'usake pAsa kyA hai ? muni ne bAMsa ke dIrgha daNDa meM chupAye hue ratnakambala kI ora iMgita karate hue kahA ki vaha eka vezyA ko prasanna karane ke liye nepAla ke mahArAjA se eka

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402 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kozA dvArA muni ko pra. ratnakambala mAga kara lAyA hai aura use vezyA ko dene ke liye le jA rahA hai| corarAT ne sAzcarya eka aTTahAsa kiyA aura muni ko apanI abhISTasiddhyartha jAne kI anumati pradAna kara dii| ratnakambala liye vaha muni kozA vezyA ke sammukha upasthita hayA aura lalacAI huI aAMkhoM se apanI Antarika abhilASA abhivyakta karate hue usane kaThora parizrama se prApta vaha ratnakambala kozA ke hAthoM meM rakha diyA / kozA ne usa ratnakambala se apane pairoM ko poMcha kara use gandI nAlI ke kIcar3a meM pheMka diyaa| athaka prayAsa aura aneka kaSToM ko jhelane ke pazcAt lAye gaye usa ratnakambala kI isa prakAra kI durdazA dekhakara muni ne ati khinna evaM AzcaryapUrNa svara meM kahA - "mInAkSi ! itane mahAya' ratnakambala ko tumane isa azunipUrNa kIcar3a meM pheMka diyA, tuma bar3I mUrkhA ho|" . kozA ne tatkSaNa uttara diyA - "tapasvin ! Apa eka mahAmUr3ha vyakti kI taraha isa kambala kI to cintA kara rahe haiM para Apako isa bAta kA svalpamAtra bhI zoka nahIM hai ki Apa apane cAritra-ratna ko atyanta azucipUrNa paMkila gahana garta meM girA rahe haiN|" kozA kI bodhaprada kaTUkti ko sunate hI muni ke mana para chAyA huA kAmasammoha tatkSaNa vinaSTa ho gyaa| unheM apane patana para bar3A pazcAttApa huaa| unhoMne atyanta kRtajJatApUrNa svara meM kozA se kahA- "zrAvike! tumane mujhe samUcita zikSA dekara bhavasAgara meM nimajjita hone se bacA liyA hai| guruprAjJA kI avahelanA kara maiMne jo yaha pApAcaraNa kiyA hai, usakI zuddhi hetu maiM abhI gurudeva kI zaraNa meM jAkara kaThora prAyazcitta graharaNa kruuNgaa|" yaha kahakara muni tatkAla kozA ke ghara se nikalakara prAcArya sambhUtavijaya kI sevA meM upasthita hue aura unhoMne apane patana kA satvA vivaraNa unake samakSa prastuta karate hue kSamAyAcanA ke sAtha-sAtha samucita prAyazcitta grahaNa kara apanI zuddhi kii| unhoMne muktakaNTha se muni sthUlabhadra kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA- "prArya sthUlabhadra vastutaH mahAn haiN| sacce kAmavijayI hone ke kAraNa ve hI 'duSkaraduSkarakAraka" kI sarvotkRSTa mahatI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiye jAne yogya haiN|" tadanantara ve muni nirmala bhAva se kaThora tapazcaraNa aura niraticAra saMyama sAdhanA se apane karmasamUha ko vidhvasta karane meM pravRtta ho gye| zrIyaka ko virakti zakaDAla putra sthUlabhadra kI taraha zakaDAla kI yakSA, yakSadinnA, bhUtA, bhUtadinA, seraNA, veNA aura reNA nAmaka sAtoM putriyoM ne bhI apane pitA kI mRtyU ke pazcAt saMsAra se virakta ho dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| vararuci ko bhI usake

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zrIyaka ko virakti] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra 403 duSkarma ke anurUpa pratapta zIzA pIkara maranA pdd'aa| use usake pApa kA phala mila cukA thaa| karma-rajjU ke nibir3atama pAza meM Abaddha prANiyoM kI madArI ke markaTa ke samAna vicitra lIlAeM dekhakara zrIyaka ko bhI saMsAra ke prapaMcoM se virakti ho gaI aura usane bhI lagabhaga 7 varSa taka magadha ke mahAmAtya pada kA kAryabhAra sambhAlane ke pazcAt antatogatvA vIra ni0 saM0 153 meM AcArya saMbhUtavijaya ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karalI / tatkAlIna saMskRti meM tyAga, tapa kI ora itanA AkarSaNa thA ki mahAmAtya pada aura lakSmIdevI ko chor3akara zakaDAla ke donoM putra aura sAtoM kanyAeM dIkSita ho giiN| kitanA bar3A tyAgAnurAga ! . AcArya saMbhUtavijaya aura prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke sammilita AcArya kAla meM bhI eka sudIrghakAla kA bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'aa| usa bhISaNa duSkAla kI. bhayAvaha sthiti ke samaya AcArya saMbhUtavijaya kA vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 156 meM svargavAsa huaa| apane jyeSTha gurubhrAtA AcArya saMbhUtavijaya ke svargagamana ke pazcAt AcArya bhadrabAhu ne saMgha ke saMcAlana kI bAgaDora pUrNarUpeNa apane hAtha meM smbhaalii| Arya sthUlabhadra AcArya bhadrabAha kI AjJAnusAra vividha kSetroM meM dharmaprasAra karate hue vicaraNa karane lge| unhIM dinoM magadhapati nanda ne apane eka sArathI ke rathasaMcAlana-kauzala para prasanna ho use pAritoSika ke rUpa meM kozA-vezyA pradAna kara dii| apane antarmana se abhigrahIta zrAvikAvata para saMkaTapUrNa sthiti AI samajhakara kozA ne bar3I caturAI se kAma liyaa| vaha eka virAgina kI bhAMti hAsa-parihAsa, zRgArAlaMkArAdi prasAdhanoM kA parityAga kara sAde veSa meM udAsa mukhamudrA banAye usa sArathI ke samakSa upasthita hotI aura pratyeka bAra bhArya sthUlabhadra kI prazaMsA karate hue kahatI - "isa saMsAra meM vastutaH yadi koI puruSa hai, to vaha mArya sthUlabhadra hI haiM / unake atirikta mujhe anya koI puruSa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa|" madbhuta kalA-kauzala . apane prati viraktA koSA ko AkarSita karane kI dRSTi se usa rathika ne apanI dhanurvidyA kA adbhUta kauzala pradarzita kiyaa| usane apane dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA para sara-saMdhAna kara pake hue grAmoM ke gucche meM eka tIra maaraa| tadanantara ati tvarita vega se hastalAghava prakaTa karate hue usane tIra para tIra mAranA prArambha kiyaa| kucha hI kSaraNoM meM tIroM kI eka lambI paMkti bana gaI aura usa bANAvalI kA antima chora usa rathika se eka hAtha kI dUrI para raha gyaa| aba usane eka arddhacandrAkAra bAga ke prahAra se usa TahanI ko kATa DAlA, jisa para ki vaha prAmoM kA jhumakA laTaka rahA thaa| isake pazcAt usane usa tIroM kI paMkti ke antima tIra ko apane hAtha se pakar3a kara apanI ora khIMcate hue prAmoM ke usa gucche ko apane eka hAtha se pakar3akara kozA ko bheMTa kiyaa| rathika apane zastrakauzala para phUlA nahIM samA rahA thaa|

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404 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [adbhut kalA-kauzala para kozA ko kiMcitmAtra bhI Azcarya nahIM huA / vaha rathika ke garva ko cUrNa karane kI icchA se yaha kahate hue uThI - "ava tuma merI kalA kA camatkAra dekho|" kozA ne apanI dAsiyoM ko kaha kara usa vizAla kakSa ke prAMgaNa ke bIcoMbIca sarasoM kA eka Dhera lagavAyA / gulAba ke phUla kI katipaya paMkhur3iyoM ko suI se vedha kara kozA ne usa sarpaparAzi para DAla diyaa| tadanantara kozA ne sarSaparAzi para nRtya prArambha kiyaa| apanI sadhI haI sukomala dehayaSTi ko yathepsita rUpa se jhukAtI, jhumAtI huI vaha bhUre bAdaloM para capalA kI anavarata camaka kI taraMha sarpaparAzi para eka ghaTikA paryanta nRtya karatI rhii| pratyadbhuta, parama manohAri hone ke sAtha-sAtha kozA ke nRtya- kauzala kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki itane lambe samaya ke nRtya se bhI na kahIM se vaha sarSaparAzi khaNDita haI aura na sUI hI usake paira meM kahIM cubhii| __kozA ke nRtya kI samApti para bhI rathika citralikhita sA avAk kozA kI ora dekhatA hI raha gayA / katipaya kSaNoM ke pazcAt thor3A prakRtistha hone para rathika ne kozA ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "bhadre ! kisI bhI mAnavI dvArA dussAdhyaM tumhAre isa camatkArapUrNa atyadbhuta, atisundara nRtya ko dekha kara mujhe abhUtapUrva Ananda kA anubhava ho rahA hai| tuma jo kucha mAMganA cAhatI ho vaha mujhase mAMga lo, maiM isI samaya tumhArI vaha abhIpsita vastu tumheM duuNgaa|" kozA ne kahA - "bhadra ! na tumhArA yaha lumbichedana hI duSkara hai aura na merA sarpapa-sUcI para nRtya hii| nirantara abhyAsa karane para inase bhI atyadhika kaThina kArya kiye jA sakate haiN| vastutaH duSkarAtiduSkara kArya to prArya sthUlabhadra ne kiyA hai ki vAraha varSoM taka mere sAtha yahAM vividha kAmopabhogoM kA upabhoga karate rahe kintu dIkSita hone ke pazcAt cAra mAsa taka paDasa bhojana karate hue mere sAtha isa citrazAlA meM saMyamapUrvaka raha kara unhoMne ajeya kAmadeva para vijaya prApta kii| una kAmavijayI mahAna yogI sthUlabhadra ke caritra se preraNA lekara maiMne bhI zrAvikA-vrata aMgIkAra kiyA hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka puruSa aba mere liye sahodara ke samAna hai|" kozA kI bAta suna kara rathika niSaNNa raha gayA / kozA se muMni sthUlabhadra kA paricaya prApta kara vaha saMsAra se virakta ho gayA aura unake pAsa dIkSita ho dhamaraNAcAra kA pAlana karane lgaa| prArya sthUlabhadra ke isa preraNAprada caritra ne na mAlUma aise kitane hI patanonmukha prANiyoM kA uddhAra kiyA hogaa| pATalIputra meM huI prathama prAgama-vAcanA (vIra ni0 saM0 160) grAcArya sambhUtavijaya ke svargagamana se pUrva madhya deza meM anAvRSTijanya jo bhIpagA dupkAla par3A thA, usakI vibhISikA se bacane ke liye vahata se zramaNa duHkAla se prabhAvita kSetra kA parityAga kara sudUravartI kSetroM kI ora cale gye|

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pATaliputra meM pAgama-vAcanA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhara 405 AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmo bhI kucha zramaNoM ke sAtha nepAla kI ora vihAra kara gaye / duSkAlajanya annAbhAva ke kAraNa aneka prAtmArthI muniyoM ne saMyama virAdhanA ke bhaya se anazana evaM samAdhipUrvaka bhakta-pratyAkhyAna dvArA dehatyAga kara apanA jIvana saphala kiyaa| unhoMne apavAda kI sthiti meM bhI apane saMyama meM zaithilya nahIM Ane diyaa| dubhikSa kI samApti aura subhikSa ho jAne para vibhinna kSetroM meM gaye hue zramaNa-zramaNI-samUha punaH pATalIputra lauTe / bhISaNa duSkAla ke dussaha parISahoM ke bhuktabhogI ve saba zramaNa paraspara eka-dUsare ko dekha kara aisA anubhava karane lage mAno ve paraloka meM jA kara punaH lauTe hoN| 2 sudIrghakAla kI bhUkha-pyAsa aura paga-paga para anabhUta vividha mAraNAntika saMkaToM ke kAraNa bhrata kA parAvartana na ho sakane ke phalasvarUpa bahuta sA zruta vismRta ho gyaa| ve eka-dUsare se pUchane lage ki kisa-kisa ko kitanA-kitanA zruta yAda hai ? 3 java sabhI bhramaNoM ne dekhA ki dIrghakAla ke daivI prakopa ke kAraNa zramaNa varga samaya para ekAdazAMgI ke pAThoM kA smaraNa,cintana, manana, punarAvartana Adi nahIM kara sakA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa sUtroM ke aneka pATha adhikAMza zramaraNoM ke smRtipaTala se tirohita ho cuke haiN| taba aMga zAstroM kI rakSA hetu unhoMne yaha Avazyaka samajhA ki vayovRddha, jJAnavRddha ekAdazAMgI ke pAragAmI sthavira eka jagaha ekatrita ho samasta aMgoM kI vAcanA kareM aura dvAdazAMgI ko kSINa evaM vinaSTa hone se bcaayeN| ___isa prakAra ke nizcaya ke pazcAt AgamoM kI pahalI vRhadvAcanA pATalIputra meM lagabhaga vIra nirvANa saMvat 160 meM kI gii| vahAM upasthita samasta zramaraNa usa vAcanA meM sammilita hue / zramaraNa-saMgha ke prAcArya bhadrabAhu usa samaya nepAla pradeza meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA prArambha karane gaye hue the ataH svargastha prAcArya sambhUtavijaya ke ziSya Arya sthUlabhadra ke tatvAvadhAna meM yaha vAcanA huii| kehiM vi virAhaNA-bhIruehiM aibhIruehiM kammANaM / samaNehiM saMkililaiM, paccakkhAyAI bhattAI // 6 // [titthogAliyapaiNNA] 2 (ka) te dAI ekkamekkaM, gayasesA virasa daThUraNa / paralogagamaNapaccAgayaM va maNNaMti prappAraNaM // 12 // [titthogAliya pa0] (kha) jAgro pratammi samae dukkAlo doya dasa ya varisANi / .. samvo sAhusamUho gayo tapo jalahitIresu / / taduvarame so puraNaravi pAuliputte samAgamo vihiyaa| saMgheNa suyavisayA ciMtA ki kassa pratyeti / / jaM jassa Asi pAse uddesajjhayaNamAi saMghaDiuM / taM savvaM ekkAraya aMgAI taheva tthviyaaii|| [upadezapada, haribhadrasUrikRta] te viti ekkamikka, sambhAmo kassa kittimo dharaMti / haMti duThukAleNaM, maghaM naTTho hu sambhAvo / / 13 / / [tityogAliyapainnA (maprakAzita)]

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406 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pA0 meM prAgama-vAcanA dvAdazAMgI ke anukrama se eka-eka aMga kI samIcInarUpeNa vAcanA meM zramaNoM ke pArasparika prAtyantika sahayoga se vismRta pAThoM ko yathAtathyarUpeNa saMkalita kara liyA gyaa| katipaya mAsoM ke anavarata evaM athaka prayAsa se sampUrNa ekAdazAMgI kI vAcanA saMpanna huii| saba sAdhuoM ne apane vismRta pAThoM ko una sAdhunoM se suna-suna kara kaNThastha kiyA jinako ki ve kaNThastha the| isa prakAra zramaNasaMgha kI dUradarzitA aura paraspara sahayoga evaM AdAna-pradAna kI vRtti ne ekAdazAMgI ko vinaSTa hone se bacA liyaa| duSkAla ke dussaha tApa se zuSka zratasAgara punaH zramaNasaMgha ke mAnasa meM apanI pUrvavat athAha jJAna-jalarAzi aura uttAla taraMgoM ke sAtha kallolita ho utthaa| eka vikaTa samasyA ekAdazAMgI kI vAcanA ke samIcInatayA sampUrNa hote hI zramaNasaMgha ke samakSa zruta kI rakSA ke viSaya meM eka vikaTa samasyA upasthita ho gii| vaha yaha ki upasthita zramaNoM meM dvaSTivAda kA jJAtA eka.bhI zramaNa vidyamAna nahIM thaa| zramaNasaMgha ke pratyeka sAdhu ko pUchA gayA ki kyA unameM koI caturdaza pUrvadhara hai ? para saba kA uttara nakArAtmaka thaa| isa para zramaraNasaMgha ko bar3I cintA huI ki binA dRSTivAda ke bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita pravacanoM ke sAra ko kisa prakAra dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ' gambhIra mantraNA ke pazcAt zramasaMgha ko pAzA kI eka kiraNa dRSTigocara huii| saMgha ke samakSa katipaya zramaNoM ne yaha bAta rakhI ki samasta zramasaMgha meM kevala prAcArya bhadrabAhu hI caturdazapUrvadhara haiN| ve isa samaya nepAla meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe haiN| kevala ve hI catudarza pUrvo kI sampUrNa vAcanAeM zramaraNoM ko de kara dRSTivAda ko naSTa hone se bacA sakate haiN| saMgha ke samakSa yaha vicAra bhI rakhA gayA ki isa prakAra kI uccakoTi kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM nirata AcArya bhadrabAha zramaNoM ko pUrvo kI vAcanA denA svIkAra na kareM to usa dazA meM kyA upAya kiyA jAya / antatogatvA zramaraNasaMgha dvArA yahI nizcaya kiyA gayA ki zramaNoM ke eka vizAla saMghATaka ko bhadrabAhu ke pAsa nepAla bheja kara saMgha kI ora se prArthanA kI jAya ki ve sAdhuoM ko caturdaza pUrvo kI vAcanAeM de kara zrutasAgara kI rakSA kreN| zramaraNasaMgha ke isa nirNaya ke anusAra sthaviroM ke tatvAvadhAna meM zramaNoM kA eka bar3A saMghATaka pATalIputra se nepAla kI mora prasthita huA / zrutarakSA kI pAvana evaM amiTa abhilASA liye hue ugra vihAra karatA huA vaha zramaNoM kA saMghATaka kucha hI dinoM meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM nepAla pahaMcA / savidhi vaMdana ke pazcAt usa saMghATaka ke mukhiyA sthaviroM ne usa samaya ke sarvasattAsampanna prAcArya bhadrabAha kI sevA meM saMgha kI ora se nivedana kiyA - "kevalI tulya bhagavan ! pATalIputra meM ekatrita zramaNasaMgha ne ekAdazAMgI vAcanA ke anantara ' te viti savva sArassa diThivAyassa natthi pddisaaro| kaha pubvagaega viNA, pavayaNasAraM gharehAmo // 15 / / [tityogAliyapaiNNA (aprakAzita)]

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eka vikaTa samasyA dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhadra 4.7 ApakI sevA meM prArthanA ke rUpa meM yaha saMdeza bhejA hai ki Aja zramaNasaMgha meM Apake atirikta caturdaza pUrvo kA jJAtA aura koI anya zramaNa avaziSTa nahIM rahA hai ataH zrutarakSA hetu Apa yogya zramaraNoM ko caudaha pUrvo kA jJAna pradAna kreN|" . Avazyaka cUNi aura dharmasAgarakRta tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra pATaliputra se eka sAdhunoM kA saMghATaka bhadrabAha ko lAne ke liye nepAla bhejA gayA / mahAprAgaNa dhyAna meM saMlagna hone ke kAraNa bhadrabAhu dvArA saMghAjJA ke asvIkAra kiye jAne para saMgha ne dUsarA saMghATaka bhejaa| usa saMghATaka ne bhadrabAha se pUchAsaMgha kI AjJA na mAnane vAloM ke liye kisa prakAra ke prAyazcitta kA vidhAna hai ? bhadrabAhu ne kahA - "bahiSkAra / para maiM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA prArambha kara cukA hU~, saMgha mere Upara anugraha kare aura suyogya zikSArthI zramaNoM ko yahAM bheja de / maiM unheM pratidina 7 vAcanAeM detA rhuuNgaa|" tadanantara saMgha ne sthUlabhadra Adi 500 zramaNoM ko bhadrabAhu ke pAsa pUrvajJAna ke abhyAsArtha bhejA, isa prakAra kA ullekha uparokta granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| para titthogAliya painnA ke anusAra eka hI bAra bheje gae saMghATaka dvArA hI uparilikhita pUrI bAtacIta va vyavasthA kI gii| saMbhava hai saMghATaka dvArA bhadrabAha kI ora se svIkRti sUcaka uttara pAne para hI pATalIputra se sAdhu-samudAya ko nepAla bhejA gayA ho| titthogAlI kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : Agata zramaNoM se zramasaMgha kA saMdeza suna kara AcArya bhadrabAha ne kahA"pUrvo ke pATha prati kliSTa haiM, unakI vAcanA dene ke liye paryApta samaya kI apekSA hai| parantu mere jIvana kA saMdhyAkAla samupasthita ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa paryApta samayAbhAva ke kAraNa maiM zramaNoM ko pUrvo kI vAcanAeM dene meM asamartha huuN| merI aba thor3I hI prAya avaziSTa hai, maiM prAtmakalyANa meM vyasta haM, aisI dazA meM ina . vAcanAoM ke dene se merA kauna sA prAtma-prayojana siddha hogA?" saMgha kI vinati ko prAcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA isa prakAra ThukarAye jAne para saMgha kI ora se niyukta zramaNoM ne kucha AvezapUrNa svara meM bhadrabAhu se kahA "prAcAryapravara ! hameM bar3e duHkha ke sAtha Apase yaha pUchane ko bAdhya honA par3a rahA hai ki saMghAjJA ke na mAnane ke pariNAmasvarUpa kyA daNDa prApta hotA hai ?"' prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne gambhIratApUrNa svara meM uttara diyA- "vIrazAsana ke niyamAnusAra isa prakAra kA uttara dene vAlA sAdhu zrutaninhava samajhA jAkara saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA jAnA caahiye|" isa para sAdhu-saMghApTaka ke mukhiyoM ne kahA- "prApa saMgha ke sarvocca nAyaka haiM / aisI dazA meM bAraha prakAra ke saMbhogaviccheda ke niyama ko jAnate hue bhI mApa pUrvo kI vAcanA denA asvIkAra kisa prakAra kara rahe haiM ?" ' so bhaNati eva bhariNae bhavisano vIravayaNaniyameNa / ... bamvevamo suninhako ti,......||25|| [tityogAliyapanA]

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408 400 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [eka vikaTa samasyA prAcArya bhadrabAha ne nirNayAtmaka svara meM kahA - "eka zarta para maiM vAcanA dene ko taiyAra haiN| vaha yaha hai ki jisa samaya maiM mahAprANa dhyAna dvArA prAtmasAdhanA meM lagA rahUM usa samaya maiM kisI se bAta nahIM karUMgA aura na usa samaya aura koI mujhase bAta kre| dhyAna ke pAraNa ke pazcAt maiM sAdhuoM ko pUrvo kI pratidina 7 vAcanAeM duuNgaa| eka vAcanA gocarI se lauTane ke pazcAt, tIna vAcanAeM tInoM kAlavelAoM meM aura tIna vAcanAeM sAyaMkAla ke pratikramaNa ke pazcAt duuNgaa| isa prakAra "mere dhyAna meM bhI kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hogI aura saMgha ke Adeza kI pUrti bhI ho jaaygii|'' ___zramaNa-saMghATaka ke mukhiyoM ne bhadrabAhu kI isa zarta ko svIkAra kara liyA aura Arya sthUlabhadra grAdi 500 medhAvI zramaNoM ko prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne apanI pratijJAnusAra pUrvo kI vAcanA denA prArambha kiyaa| viSaya kI jaTilatA, durUhatA athavA yathepsita vAcanAeM na milane ke kAraNa zanaiH zanaiH 466 pUrva-jJAna ke zikSArthI-zramaNa hatAza ho par3hanA vanda kara vahAM se pATaliputra lauTa gaye para pArya sthUlabhadra dhairya, lagana evaM bar3e parizrama ke sAtha nirantara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke pAsa pUrvo kA adhyayana karate rhe| isa prakAra apane dvAdazavASika mahAprANa dhyAna ke avaziSTa kAla meM prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha Arya sthUlabhadra ko nirantara ATha varSa taka vAcanAeM dIM aura usa ATha varSa kI avadhi meM Arya sthUlabhadra pATha pUrvo ke jJAtA vana gaye / Arya sthUlabhadra ke dhairya aura jJAnapipAsA Adi guNoM se prasanna ho kara prAcArya bhadrabAha ne eka dina unase kahA"vatsa ! aba mere dhyAna kI samApti kA samaya sannikaTa grA pahuMcA hai| dhyAna ke samApta ho jAne para maiM tumheM yathepsita vAcanAeM detA rhuuNgaa|" gurucaraNoM meM mastaka jhukAte hue sthUlabhadra ne pUchA - "bhagavan ! aba mujhe aura kitanA adhyayana karanA avaziSTa hai ?" prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne uttara meM kahA - "saumya ! sindhu kI agAdha jalarAzi meM se eka bUMda ke tulya tumhArA adhyayana sampanna huA hai / eka bindu ke atirikta abhI sindhu sama jJAna kA adhyayana avaziSTa hai|" 1 "tammi ya kAle vArasavariso dukkAlo upttttito| saMjatA ito-ito ya samuddatIre gacchittA puNaravi 'pADaliputte' militaa| tesiM aNNassa uddeso, aNNassa khaMDa, evaM saMghADitehiM ekkArasa aMgANi saMghAtitAriNa diThivAdo natthi / 'nepAla' vattiNIe ya bhaddabAhusAmI acchaMti coddasapuvI, tesi saMgheNaM patthavito saMghADo 'diThivAda' vAiMhi tti / gato, niveditaM saMghakajjaM / taM te bhAMti-dukkAlanimittaM mahApANaM na paviTThI mi to na jAti vAyAM daatu| paDiniyattehi saMghassa akkhAtaM / tehi aNNo vi saMghADagro visajjito, jo saMghassa pAraNaM pratikkamati tassa ko daMDo? to aksAI-ugghADijjaDa / te bhAMti mA ugghADeha, pesaha mehAvI, satta paDipucchagAgiNa demi / " / [aAvazyakariNa, bhA0 2, pR0 10.]

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'406 eka vikaTa samasyA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya sthUlabhadra apane zipya ke zubhra mukhamaNDala para nirAzA kI halkI sI kAlI chAyA dekha kara prAcArya bhadrabAha ne unheM Azvasta karate hue kahA - "hatAza na ho saumya ! maiM tumheM zeSa pUrvo kA adhyayana bahuta zIghra hI karavA duuNgaa|" __ mahAprANa dhyAna kI parisamApti hote-hote prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne prArya sthUlabhadra ko do vastu kama daza pUrvo kA jJAna karavA diyaa| dhyAna ke samApta hote hI prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane ziSyasaMgha sahita nepAla se pATaliputra kI ora vihAra kiyaa| mahAn prAcArya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke zubhAgamana kA samAcAra suna kara pATaliputra ke nAgarika harSa se phUle nahIM samAye / hajAroM nAgarikoM, sAmantoM aura zreSThiyoM ne sammukha jAkara usa mahAn yogI ke bhAvapUrNa svAgata evaM darzana, vandana tathA upadeza zravaNa se apane pApako kRtakRtya kiyaa| nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM pahuMca kara prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne udvelita sAgara kI taraha umar3e hue suvizAla janasamUha ke samakSa adhyAtma jJAna se protaHprota dharmopadeza diyA / AcAryazrI kI pAtakaprakSAlinI jagaddhitakAriNI amRta-vAraNI ko suna kara aneka bhavyoM ne yathAzakti sarvavirati aura dezavirati vrata grahaNa kiye| __ prAcArya bhadrabAha aura Arya sthUlabhadra Adi maharSiyoM ke darzana hetu sthUlabhadra kI yakSA Adi sAtoM bahaneM sAdhviyAM bhI nagara ke bAhara usa udyAna meM phuNcii| prAcAryazrI ko pragAr3ha zraddhA se vandana karane ke pazcAt mahAsatI yakSA ne hAtha jor3a kara ati vinIta svara meM prAcAryazrI se pUchA - "bhagavan ! hamAre jyeSTha bandhu Arya sthUlabhadra kahAM virAjate haiM ?" AcAryazrI ne pharamAyA- "Arya sthUlabhadra usa ora ke jIrNa-zIrNa khaNDaharaprAya caitya meM svAdhyAya kara rahe hoNge|" __ prAryA yakSA Adi sAtoM bahaneM aneka pUrvo kA jJAna upAjita kara varSoM pazcAta Aye hue apane jyeSTha bandhu ko dekhane kI tIvra utkaNThA liye prAcAryazrI dvArA iMgita khaNDahara kI ora bddh'iiN| dUra se hI apanI bahanoM ko prAtI huI dekha kara Arya sthUlabhadra ke mana meM apanI bahinoM ko apanI vidyA kA camatkAra dikhAne kA kutUhala utpanna huaa| unhoMne tatkSaraNa vidyA ke prabhAva se ghanI aura lambI kesara yukta ati vizAlakAya siMha kA svarUpa banA liyaa| usa jIrNa caitya ke andara pahuMca kara sAdhviyoM ne dekhA ki vahAM eka bhayAvaha siMha baiThA huA hai aura unake agraja Arya sthUlabhadra vahAM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahe haiM, to ve tatkSaNa AcAryazrI ke pAsa lauTa kara kahane lagIM- "bhagavan vahAM to eka kesarI baiThA huA hai, prArya sthUlabhadra vahAM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahe haiN| hama isa AzaMkA se Akula-vyAkula ho rahI haiM ki kahIM una honahAra vidvAn zramaNa ko siMha ne to nahIM khA DAlA hai ?" ____ AcAryazrI ne jJAnopayoga se tatkSaNa vastusthiti ko samajha kara AzvAsana bhare svara kahA- "vatsApro ! lauTa kara dekho, aba vahAM koI siMha nahIM apitu

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410 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [eka vikaTa samasyA . tumhArA bar3A bhAI hI baiThA huaA hai / jise tuma siMha samajha rahI ho vaha siMha nahIM tumhArA bhAI hI thaa|" ___ yakSA Adi sAdhviyAM jaba caitya meM lauTI to vahAM siMha ke sthAna para apane bhAI ko dekha kara ve bar3I prasanna huii| vandana-namana ke pazcAt unhoMne utsukatA bhare svara meM pUchA - "jyeSThArya.! abhI kucha hI kSaNoM pahale to Apake sthAna para siMha baiThA huA thA, vaha siMha kahAM gayA?" Arya sthUlabhadra ne haMsate hue kahA - "yahAM koI siMha nahIM thA, vaha to maiMne apanI vidyA kA parIkSaNa kiyA thaa|" apane agraja ko adbhuta vidyAoM kA prAgAra samajha kara yakSA Adi sAtoM sAdhviyoM ne asIma Ananda kA anubhava kiyaa| tadanantara sAdhvI yakSA ne apane anuja muni zrIyaka ko ekAzana aura tatpazcAt upavAsa karane kI preraNA dene va upavAsa ke phalasvarUpa parama sukumAra zrIyaka ke divaMgata hone kI dukhada ghaTanA muni sthUlabhadra ko sunaaii| muni zrIyaka kA upavAsa meM maraNa hone ke kAraNa sAdhvI yakSA ko bar3A duHkha huaa| kahA jAtA hai ki yakSA ne muni zrIyaka kI mRtyu ke liye apane Apako doSI mAnate hue ugra tapasyA karanA prArambha kiyaa| aneka pUrvAcAryoM ne yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta kI hai ki yakSA kI kaThora tapasyA se cintita ho saMgha ne zAsanadevI kI sAdhanA kii| devI sahAyatA se sAdhvI yakSA mahAvideha kSetra meM zrI sImaMdhara svAmI kI sevA meM phuNcii| zrI sImaMdhara prabhu ne sAdhvI yakSA ko nirdoSa batAte hue use cAra adhyayana cUlikA rUpa meM pradAna kiye| prAcArya bhadrabAha ke samaya meM sAdhvI samudAya kA netRtva kisa AryA dvArA kiyA jAtA rahA, isakA to koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA para parama viduSI sAdhviyAM yakSA Adi Arya sthUlabhadra kI 7 bahinoM ke nAma pramukha rUpa se pAte haiN|' isase naha anumAna honA sahaja hai ki prAryA yakSA kA tatkAlIna sAdhvIsaMgha meM avazya hI koI viziSTa sthAna rahA hogaa| - jJAnArAdhana sambandhI kucha praznottaroM ke pazcAt ve sAtoM sAdhviyAM apane sthAna ko lauTa gii| sAdhviyoM ke lauTa jAne ke pazcAt vAcanA kA samaya Ane para jaba mArya sthUlabhadra prAcAryazrI kI sevA meM pahuMce to prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA- "vatsa! jJAnopArjana karanA bar3A kaThina kArya hai para vastutaH upArjita kiye hue zAna ko pacA jAnA usase bhI ati duSkara hai / tuma gopanIya vidyA ko pacA nahIM sake / tuma apane zaktipradarzana ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara ske| rassa raNaM bhaja saMbhUivijayassa mATaraguttassa imAmo sata aMtevAsiNImo mahAbaccAmo, bhannAyAmo holA taM jahA- aksA ya jaksavinA..... [kalpasUca]

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eka vikaTa samasyA ] dazapUrvaghara - kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhadra 411 tumane apanI bahanoM ke samakSa apanI gurutA aura apanI vidyA kA camatkAra prakaTa kara hI diyA / aisI dazA meM tuma aba Age ke pUrvo kI vAcanA ke yogya pAtra nahIM ho / jitanA tumane prApta kara liyA hai, usI meM santoSa karo / yaha yAda rakho, sAdhanA ke prati vikaTa patha para vicaraNa karane vAlA kevala vahI sAdhaka apane carama lakSya ko prApta karane meM saphala hotA hai, jo pUrNarUpeNa sva ko vismRta kara detA hai / pradarzana sva kI vismRti nahIM apitu sva kI ora AkarSaNa hai / sAdhaka ko eka kSaNa ke liye bhI yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki AtmAnanda kI avApti hI usakA ekamAtra dhyeya hai / AtmAnanda kI anubhUti ke samakSa aSTa siddhi, navanidhi tulya ucca se ucca koTi ke vaibhava kA na kabhI koI mUlya rahA hai aura na honA hI cAhie / samasta bhautika sampadAeM AtmAnanda kI tulanA meM nagaNya, tuccha aura nazvara haiM / " prAcArya zrI kI bAta suna kara prArya sthUlabhadra ko apanI bhUla para bar3A pazcAttApa huA / unhoMne gurucaraNoM para apanA mastaka rakhate hue aneka bAra kSamAyAcanAeM kIM aura bAra-bAra isa pratijJA ko doharA gaye ki ve bhaviSya meM isa prakAra kI bhUla kabhI nahIM kreNge| kintu prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne yaha kahate hue vAcanA dene se inkAra kara diyA ki antima cAra pUrvI ke aneka divya vidyAoM evaM camatkArapUrNa labdhiyoM se zrota-prota jJAna ko dhAraNa karane ke liye vaha yogya pAtra nahIM hai / . vastusthiti kA bodha hote hI samasta zrIsaMgha bhI prAcArya bhadrabAhu kI sevA meM upasthita huA aura AcArya zrI se bar3I anunaya-vinaya ke sAtha prArthanA karane lagA ki Arya sthUlabhadra ke aparAdha ko kSamA kara ke athavA usakA ucita daNDa de kara unheM Age ke pUrvo kI vAcanAeM dI jAyaM / saMgha kI prArthanA ko dhyAnapUrvaka sunane ke pazcAt prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA" vastutaH pUrvajJAna kA yogya pAtra samajha kara maiMne prArya sthUlabhadra ko do vastu kama 10 pUrva kA artha aura pUrNa vivecana sahita jJAna diyA hai / maiM yaha bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hUM ki buddhibala, adhyavasAya, dhairya, gAmbhIrya, vairAgya, tyAga aura vinaya zrAdi jo guNa sthUlabhadra meM haiM, usa dRSTi se inakI tulanA karane vAlA anya koI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / zrApa logoM ko cintita prathavA duHkhita hone kI prAva'zyakatA nahIM / maiM jo Age ke cAra pUrvo kI bAcanAeM inheM nahIM de rahA hUM usake pIche eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai / yaha to sarvavidita hI hai ki prArya sthUlabhadra kA janma mahAmantrI zakaDAla ke yahAM huA hai / inhoMne kumArAvasthA meM samasta vidyAoM kA adhyayana kara unameM nipuragatA prApta kI / rUpa-lAvaNyAdi striyocita sabhI guNoM meM surabAlA ke samAna kozA ke lakSmIgRha tulya sabhI sAmagriyoM se sampanna evaM samRddha suramya bhavana meM rahate hue inhoMne suropama kAmAdi sabhI sukhoM 'kA kozA ke sAtha jI bhara bAraha varSoM taka upabhoga kiyA / pitRmaraNa ke pazcAt magadhAdhipati nanda dvArA mahAmAtya padagrahaNa karane kI prArthanA para vicAra karate --

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412. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ eka vikaTa samasyA hue inhoMne samasta sAMsArika vaibhava evaM mukhopabhogAdi ko tuccha samajhA / inheM tatkSaraNa saMsAra se utkaTa virakti ho gaI aura tatkAla magadha ke mahAmAtya pada ko, apane ghara kI tathA kozA kI apAra sampatti ko aura apanI preyasI kozA taka ko yuvAvasthA meM tyAga kara saMyama graharaNa kara liyA / gurU kI prAjJA le kara cAra mAsa taka SaDsa bhojana karate hue nirantara kozA ke ekAnta saMsarga meM raha kara bhI saMyama mArga para merU girI kI taraha sthira rahe / ajeya kAmadeva para inakI isa mahAn vijaya ke upalakSa meM AcArya saMbhUtavijaya ne inheM 'duSkara - duSkarakArakaH' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA / " isa prakAra kA mahAn tyAgI, uccakoTi kA manovijayI, daza pUrvoM ke jJAna kA dhAraka yaha kula-sampanna vyakti bhI apane zakti pradarzana ke lobha kA saMvaraNa nahIM kara sakA to anya sAdhAraNa loga to una divya vidyAoM, zaktiyoM aura labdhiyoM ko prApta kara kisa prakAra pacA sakeMge, isakI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI / aba bhaviSya meM jyoM-jyoM kAla vyatIta hotA jAyagA tyoM-tyoM kSaNa-kSaNa meM ruSTa ho jAne vAle, pravinIta aura gurU kI avajJA karane vAle svalpasatvadhArI zramaNa hoNge| una muniyoM ke pAsa yadi isa prakAra kI mahAzaktizAlinI vidyAeM calI gaIM to ve kSudrabuddhi vAle zramaraNa sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa bAta para kisI se kruddha ho kara cAra prakAra kI vidyAoM ke bala se logoM kA aniSTa kara apane saMyama se patita ho sarvanAza taka karane para utArU ho jAyeMge aura isa prakAra ke una duSTa karmoM ke phalasvarUpa ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaraNa karate raheMge / aisI dazA meM sabhI dRSTiyoM se zreyaskAra yahI hai ki zeSa cAra pUrvo kA jJAna aba bhaviSya meM logoM ko na diyA jAya / " isa para Arya sthUlabhadra ne kahA- "Apa jo pharamA rahe haiM, vaha ThIka hai parantu zrAne vAlI pIr3hiyAM yahI kaheMgI ki sthUlabhadra kI bhUla ke kAraNa aMtima rAyakulasarisabhUte, sagaDAlakulammi esa saMbhUto / gehagamro ceva puNo, visArazra savvasatthesu ||6 so kulagharasa siddhi, gaNiyAvarasaMtiyaM ca sAmiddhi / pANa puraNo veDaM, gAtiraNagarA bharaNavayakkhA ||87|| jo evaM pubvavi, evaM sajjhAyajhANaujjutto, gArava karaNeraNa hizro, sIlabha rUvvaharaNadhAraNayA ||88 || 3 jaha jaha ehI kAle, taha taha appAvarAhasaMraddhA / aNagArA paDaNIe, nisaMsaya vaTTavehiti // 86 // . uppAyaraNIhi pravare, keI vijjAe ittaraNaM / u vhivijjAhi iTThAhi kAhi uDDAhaM // 60 // tehi yahi ya kucchiyavijjAhiM teA nimitteraNaM / kAraNa uvajjhAyaM, bhamihI so gaMtasaMsAre / [ titthogA liyapanA ] [ vahI ] [ vahI ]

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eka vikaTa samasyA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya sthUlabhadra cAra pUrva vinaSTa ho gaye / isa apayaza kI kalpanAmAtra se maiM sihara uThatA hUM ataH Apa mujhe bhale hI zeSa pUrvo kA artha aura viziSTa vivecana na batAiye para mUla rUpa se to unakI vAcanA mujhe dene kI kRpA kriye|" caturdazapUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu ne yaha nizcita taura para samajha liyA thA ki sampUrNa caturdaza pUrvo ke jJAna meM se aMtima cAra pUrvo kA jJAna unakI Aya kI samApti ke sAtha hI vichinna ho jAyagA; unhoMne prArya sthUlabhadra ko aMtima cAra pUrvo kI mUla mAtra vAcanAeM diiN| vIra nirvANa saMvat 170 meM, tadanusAra IsA se 357 varSa pUrva prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke svargArohaNa ke pazcAt Arya sthUlabhadra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AThaveM paTTadhara AcArya bne| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM kA isa viSaya meM mataikya hai ki prAcArya bhadrabAha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM antima caturdaza pUrvadhara athavA zrutakevalI hue|' AcArya hemacandrasUri ne sthUlabhadra ko bhI caturdazapUrvadhara mAnA hai| unake anusAra bhadrabAhu ne isa Adeza ke sAtha zeSa pUrvo kA jJAna diyA ki anya kisI ko ina pUrvo kA jJAna nahIM diyA jAya / jaisA ki unhoMne pariziSTa parva meM likhA hai : sa saMghenAgrahAdukto, vivedetyupayogataH / na mattaH zeSapUrvANAmucchedo bhAvyatastu saH / / 106 / / anyasya zeSapUrvAriga pradeyAni tvayA na hi / ityabhigrAhya bhagavAn sthUlabhadramavAcayat // 110 // sarvapUrvadharo'thAsIt sthUlabhadro mahAmuniH // 111 / / kalpa kiraNAvalI meM bhI prAcArya sthUlabhadra ko caudaha pUrvadhara mAnA hai / yahAM antima cAra pUrvo kI mUla vAcanA prAcArya bhadrabAhu ne Arya sthUlabhadra ko dI thI isI dRSTi se unheM caturdaza pUrvadhara mAna liyA gayA hai / vastutaH Arya sthUlabhadra do vastu kama 10 pUrvo ke hI pUrNa rUpa se jJAtA the| antima cAra pUrvo kA to unheM vinA artha ke mUla pATha hI par3hAyA gayA thaa| saMghAdhinAyaka banane ke pazcAt prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne vibhinna kSetroM meM vihAra kara 45 varSa taka aneka bhavyoM kA uddhAra karate hue jinazAsana kI ullekhanIya sevA kii| 1 paDhamo dasapugvINaM, sagaDAlakulassa jasakaro dhIro / nAmeNa thUlabhaddo, pravahiM sAdhammabhaddo ti ||7|| [tityogAlIpainnA] (kha) sirigodameNa diNNaM suhammaraNAhassa teNa jNbuss| viNha raNadImitto tatto ya parAjido ya tatto / / 43 / / govaddhaNo ya tatto bhaddabhupro aMtakevalI khiyo| [aMgapaNNattI (digambaramAnyatA kA grantha)]

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414 * jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga mitraM dharmeNa yojayet prAcArya sthUlabhadra aneka kSetroM ke bhavyoM kA uddhAra karate hue vihArAnukrama se eka dina zrAvastI padhAre / darzana-vandana-upadezazravaNa kI umaMgoM se udvelita janasamudra AcAryazrI kI sevA meM umar3a pdd'aa| samasta saMsAra ke prANiyoM kI kalyANakAmanA karane vAle prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke bhavaroga nivAraka bhAvapUrNa upadezAmRta kA pAna kara zrAvastI ke AbAlavRddha nAgarikoM ne paramAnanda kA anubhava karate hue sacce dharma kA svarUpa smjhaa| dezanAnantara zrotAoM meM apane bAlasakhA dhanadeva ko na dekha kara prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne vicAra kiyA ki zrAvastI ke prAyaH sabhI zraddhAlu jana vahAM Aye haiM para dhanadeva nahIM paayaa| ho sakatA hai vaha kahIM anyatra gayA hayA ho athavA rugNa ho| usake na Ane ke pIche koI na koI kAraNa avazya hai anyathA vaha unakA nAma sunate hI avazya upasthita hotaa| aisI dazA meM unheM svayaM usake ghara jA kara dekhanA cAhiye ki AtmakalyANaM kI ora bhI usakA dhyAna hai athavA nhiiN| isa prakAra vicAra kara AcArya sthUlabhadra dhanadeva para vizeSa anugraha kara mArga meM sAtha hue janasamUha sahita usake ghara pahuMce / dhanadeva kI patnI kalpavRkSa ke samAna mahAn prAcArya ko apane ghara ke prAMgaNa meM dekha kara harSavibhora ho utthii| usane bhaktipUrvaka prAcAryazrI ko vandana kiyA aura eka kASTAsana prastuta karate hue usa para virAjamAna hone kI unase prArthanA kii| Asana para baiThane ke pazcAt prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne dhanadeva kI patnI se dhanadeva ke sambandha meM pUchA ki kyA vaha kahIM bAhara gayA huA hai ? dhanadeva kI patnI ne uttara diyA- "bhagavan ! ve apanI samasta sampatti kA vyaya kara cukane ke pazcAt dainya ke dAruNa duHkha se pIr3ita ho arthopArjana hetu dezAntara meM gaye hue haiN|" apane bAlasakhA kI dainyAvasthA para vicAra karate hue sthalabhadra ne apane jJAnabala se dekhA ki dhanadeva ke ghara meM eka stambha ke nIce apAra nidhi rakhI huI hai| unhoMne usa stambha kI ora dekhate hue dhanadeva kI gRhiNI se kahA - "zrAvike ! dekha, saMsAra kA vAstavika svarUpa yahI hai| kitanI vipula sampatti thI tumhAre ghara meM, kitanA bar3A vyavasAya thA dhanadeva kA aura Aja yaha dazA ho gaI hai|" tadanantara thor3e samaya taka sArabhUta dharmopadeza de kara prAcArya sthUlabhadra apane sthAna kI ora lauTa gaye aura dUsare dina vahAM se vihAra kara dharma kA divya sandeza jana-jana taka pahuMcAte hue aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lge| dhanadeva ko bahuta kucha prayAsa karane para bhI arthaprApti nahIM huI aura jisa dazA meM, jina vastroM ko pahane hue vaha ghara se nikalA thA, usI dazA meM aura unhIM vastroM ko dhAraNa kiye hue kucha dinoM pazcAt vaha punaH apane ghara lauTA / apanI Por Private & Personal Use Only

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mitraM dharmeNa yojayet ] dazapUrvadhara - kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra 415 patnI ke mukha se prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke Agamana kA samAcAra suna kara usane usase pUchA - "kyA prAcAryadeva ne tumheM kucha kahA thA ?" dhanadeva kI patnI ne uttara diyA- "saMsAra kI vicitra gati aura dharmopadeza ke atirikta unhoMne koI vizeSa bAta to nahIM kahI para ve bAra-bAra apane ghara ke isa stambha kI ora dekha rahe the / " dhanadeva samajha gayA ki mahApuruSoM kI koI bhI ceSTA nirarthaka nahIM hotI / una jJAnI mahAtmA kI dRSTi isa stambha para aTakI to nizcita rUpa se isake nIce vipula dhana honA cAhiye / isa prakAra vicAra kara dhanadeva ne usa stambha ke AsapAsa kI bhUmi ko khodanA prArambha kiyaa| thor3e se parizrama ke pazcAt hI dhanadeva ne dekhA ki usa thambhe ke nIce apAra sampatti gaDI par3I hai / dhanadeva ne bhUmi meM dabI par3I usa sampatti ko nikAlA aura punaH kubera ke samAna sampattizAlI zrImantoM meM usakI gaNanA hone lagIM / dhanadeva ko jyoM hI vidita huA ki AcArya sthUlabhadra pATaliputra meM virAjamAna haiM, to vaha unakI sevA meM pATaliputra pahuMcA / zrAcAryazrI aura samasta munivRnda ko bhakti sahita vandana namana karane ke pazcAt dhanadeva ne prAcAryazrI kI sevA meM nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! merI anupasthiti meM mere ghara meM Apake pAvana padArparama evaM kRpA-kaTAkSanikSepa se merA dAridrya duHkha dUra huA / prApa hI mere svAmI, guru aura sarvasva haiM / kRpA kara pradeza dIjiye ki meM kyA sevA karU ?" AcArya sthUlabhadra ne kahA- "dhanadeva ! bhagavAn jinendra dvArA prarUpita dharma hI akSaya evaM avyAvAdha sukha kA dene vAlA hai ataH tuma antarmana se usakA yathAzakti pAlana karo | basa tumhAre liye sabase bar3A aura paramAvazyaka yahI kArya hai / " AcArya sthUlabhadra kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara dhanadeva bhagavAn jinendradeva dvArA prarUpita dayA-dharma kA vratadhArI zraddhAlu upAsaka banA aura katipaya dinoM taka Arya sthUlabhadra kI sevA meM raha kara apane ghara lauTa gayA / isa prakAra prANimAtra kA kalyANa cAhane vAle karuNAsAgara prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne apane bAlavaya ke mitra dhanadeva ko sacce dharma kA anuyAyI aura upAsaka banA kara use bhavabhramaraNa se bacane kA prazasta mArga batAyA / tRtIya ninhava pravyaktavAdI kI utpatti (vIra nirvANa saMvat 214) AcArya sthUlabhadra ke AcAryatvakAla ke 44 varSa bIta jAne para vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 214 meM zvetAmbikA nagarI meM prASAr3hAcArya ke ziSyoM se tIsare ninhavaavyaktavAdI kI utpatti huI / usakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : eka dina zvetAmbikA nagarI meM Arya ASAr3ha nAmaka prAcArya prapane aneka ziSyoM ke sAtha paulASAr3ha nAmaka caitya meM virAja rahe the / ve apane ziSya samudAya ko vAcanA pradAna kara rahe the| saMyogavaza vAcanAkAla meM hI prASAr3hAcArya eka

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416 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [tRtIya ninhava kI utpatti samaya rAtri meM hRdayazUla kI vyathA se pIr3ita ho kAla kara saudharma devaloka meM utpanna he| usa samaya unake sabhI zramaNa nidrAdhIna the ataH gaccha ke kisI sAdhu ko unakI mRtyu ho jAne ke sambandha meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM ho skaa| / udhara saudharma devaloka meM tatkAla utpanna hue prAcArya ASAr3ha ke jIva ne devabhava meM avadhijJAna lagAkara jaba vastusthiti ko jAnA to apane ziSyoM ke prati anukampA se prerita ho ve apane mUla zarIra meM praviSTa ho gye| unhoMne sAdhuoM ko uThA kara vairAtrika kAla ke kAryakrama karane kI unheM preraNA dI aura avaziSTa vAcanAeM yathAsamaya pUrNa kii| vAcanAeM pUrI hone ke pazcAt apane zarIra ko chor3akara saudharma devaloka meM jAte samaya unhoMne sAdhuoM se kahA - "muniyo ! asaMyata hote hue bhI maiMne Apako mujhe vandana karane se nahIM rokA, usake liye Apa mujhe kSamA kreN| Apa loga sarvavirati sAdhu haiM aura maiM amuka rAtri meM kAla kara deva bana cUkA haM para tuma logoM para anukampA vaza punaH devaloka se apane isa zarIra meM Akara maiMne vAcanA-kArya pUrNa karAyA hai|" isa prakAra kahakara jaba deva calA gayA taba ve sAdhu mRta zarIra kI paristhApanakriyA karane ke pazcAt socane lage- "aho ! hamane bahuta samaya taka ' asaMyatI kI vaMdanA kii| na mAlUma isa taraha anyatra bhI kauna vAstava meM saMyamI aura kauna deva hai, yaha mAlUma karanA kaThina hai, ataH sabako vandana na karanA hI samucita hai anyathA asaMyamI-vaMdana aura mRSAvAda kA doSa laga sakatA hai|" isa prakAra tIvra karma ke udaya se ve apariNata buddhi sAdhu avyaktavAdI bana gaye aura unhoMne paraspara vandana-vyavahAra pUrNataH vanda kara diyaa| sthaviroM ne unheM aneka prakAra se samajhAne kA prayatna karate hue kahA - "sAdhuno ! yadi tumheM anya saba meM sandeha hI karanA hai to deva kI vAta para sandeha kyoM nahIM kiyA ? apane isa avyaktavAdI siddhAnta ke anusAra tuma nizcayapUrvaka yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki vaha vastutaH koI deva thA yA koI maayaavii| jisa prakAra tumheM usane apane prApako deva batAyA aura bAhara se bhI usake divya teja ko dekhakara usakI bAta ko saca mAnate hue use deva mAnA, usI prakAra sAdhu ko bhI usake vacana aura vyavahAra se saca mAnanA caahiye|" isa prakAra aneka taraha se samajhAne para bhI jaba ve sAdhu nahIM samajhe to unheM zramaNasaMgha dvArA saMghabAhya ghoSita kara diyA gyaa| . saMgha se niSkAsita kiye jAne ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt ve avyaktavAdI ninhava sAdhu ghUmate-ghAmate rAjagRha nagara meM aaye| usa samaya vahAM mauryavaMza meM utpanna valabhadra' nAmaka rAjA zAsana karatA thA jo ki jaina dharma kA zraddhAlu zrAvaka thaa| ' nandavaMza kA anta aura pATalIputra meM mauryavaMza ke saMsthApaka candragupta maurya kA abhyudaya vIra ni0 saMvat 215 meM huprA ataH anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 214 meM ninhava banane ke katipaya varSoM pazcAt ve loga apane mata kA pracAra karate hue rAjagRha meM mAye hoM aura mauryavaMzI sAmanta balabhadra ne unheM pratibodha diyA ho| -sampAdaka

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tRtIya ninhava kI utpatti] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhadra 417 rAjA balabhadra ko jaba yaha vidita hA ki avyaktavAdI ninhava rAjagRha nagara ke vAhara guraNazIla udyAna meM pAye hue hai to usane apane sevakoM ko bhejakara sAdhuoM ko grAmantrita kiyA aura unako hAthiyoM dvArA kaTaka-mardana se mArane kI AjJA dii| jaba sAdhunoM kA mardana karane hetu hAthI pAsa meM lAye gaye to una ninhavoM ne rAjA se pUchA - "rAjan ! hama to jAnate haiM ki tuma zrAvaka ho, taba phira tuma hama zramaraNoM kI hiMsA kyoM kara rahe ho?" rAjA ne kahA- "mahArAja! prApake siddhAntAnusAra kauna jAnatA hai ki maiM zrAvaka hUM, athavA nhiiN| tuma saba bhI cora, guptacara hatyAre ho yA sAdhu ho yaha koI nahIM jaantaa|" sAdhuoM ne kahA - "hama sAdhu haiN|" rAjA ne kahA- "yadi aisA nizcita hai to avyaktavAdI hokara paraspara bar3oM ko vandanAdi kyoM nahIM karate ?" varSoM se sAtha-sAtha rahane vAle pApa logoM ko paraspara eka-dUsare para yadi bharosA nahIM hai to mujhe pApa logoM para kisa prakAra vizvAsa ho sakatA hai ?" rAjA kI yuktisaMgata bAta sunakara ve bar3e lajjita hue aura una ninhava sAdhunoM kI zaMkA kA pUrNataH samAdhAna ho gyaa| unhoMne avyaktavAda kA parityAga kara diyA aura gurU-caraNoM meM jAkara unhoMne pUrvavat vandanAdi karanA prArambha kara diyaa| Arya sthUlabhadra 30 varSa taka gRhastha-paryAya meM rhe| vIra nirvANa saMvat 146 meM Apane Arya saMbhUtivijaya. ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| 24 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM rhe| vIra ni0 saM0 170 se 215 taka Apane prAcAryapada para rahate hue vIrazAsana kI sevAeM kii| anta meM 96 varSa kI prAyUSya pUrNa kara vIra nirvANa saM0 215 meM rAjagaha nagara ke samIpa vaibhAragiri para 15 dina ke anazana va saMthAre ke bAda Apane svargagamana kiyaa| jaisA ki Age batAyA jAyagA, bhAratIya itihAsa kI dRSTi se mArya szulabhadra kA yUga rAjya-parivartana athavA rAjya-viplava kA yuga rhaa| bhArata para yUnAniyoM kA AkramaNa, mahAn rAjanItijJa cANakya kA abhyudaya, nandarAjya kA patana aura maurya-rAjya kA udaya - ye unake kAla kI pramukha rAjanaitika ghaTanAeM haiN| prArya sthUlabhadra ke prArambhika jIvana-vRtta se yaha bhI bhalIbhAMti prakaTa hotA hai ki una dinoM kI rAjanIti meM jainoM kA kitanA vyApaka prabhAva rhaa| yaha isI se spaSTa hai ki zakaDAla aura zrIyaka Adi nanda-sAmrAjya ke parama rAjabhakta mahAmAtya rhe| tAtkAlika janajIvana kA bhI eka spaSTa citra Arya sthUlabhadra ke samaya ke ghaTanAkrama ke citraNaM meM ubhara pAtA hai| ahiMsA-saMyama aura tapomaya jIvana dvArA zramaraNa-saMskRti ke siddhAnta usa samaya ke prajAjIvana meM sAkAra the|

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415 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga mArata para sikandara dvArA prAkramaNa prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke prAcAryatvakAla meM lagabhaga vIra niriNa saM0 200 tadanusAra IsA pUrva 327 meM bhAratavarSa ke uttara-pazcimI pradezoM para yUnAna ke zAha sikandara (elekjenDara dI greTa) ne eka prabala senA lekara AkramaNa kiyaa| usa samaya bhArata ke uttara-pazcimI bhAgoM meM choTe-choTe rAjya tathA paMjAba meM vibhinna jAtiyoM ke gaNarAjya the| magadha samrAT dhanananda (navama nanda) apanI atyanta lubdha prakRti aura janatA para adhikAdhika karabhAra bar3hAte rahane kI pravRtti ke kAraNa apane prati janatA kA prema aura vizvAsa kho cukA thaa.| usake adhInastha aneka rAjAoM aura sAmantoM ne usake prati vidroha kA jhaNDA uThA apane prApako svatantra ghoSita kara diyA thA / gRha-kalaha ke kAraNa rAjA gaNa eka dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne ke prayAsa meM lage hue the| - deza meM sArvabhauma sattAsampanna eka zaktizAlI rAjya ke abhAva meM sikandara ko prArambha meM apane sainika abhiyAna meM saphalatA milI / usane hindukuza, kAbula kI ghATI se lekara sindhu nadI ke pUrva kA ilAkA tathA kAzmIra aura takSazilA mAdi bhAratIya pradezoM para vijayazrI prApta kii| choTe-choTe bhAratIya rAjAoM ne sikandara ke prAkramaNa ko niSphala karane ke liye baDI vIratA ke sAtha prANoM kI bAjI lagA kara yuddha kiyA kintu sikandara kI vizAla vijayavAhinI ke samakSa ve bahuta adhika samaya taka nahIM Tika sake / apane deza kI svatantratA kI rakSA ke liye bahuta bar3A balidAna karane aura zatrupakSa ko bhArI kSati pahuMcAne ke pazcAt bhI anta meM unheM prAtmasamarpaNa karanA hI pdd'aa| paMjAba kI hastinAyana, prazvakAyana mAdi jAtiyoM ke gaNatantroM ne apane-apane rAjyoM kI zakti se kahIM praSika senAeM saMgaThita kara sikandara kI senA ke sAtha bhayaMkara yuddha kiye| - yoM to sabhI rAjAnoM aura gaNarAjyoM ne sikandara kI senA ke sAtha bar3I vIratA ke sAtha yuddha kiyA para unameM rAjA paurava dvArA kiyA gayA yuddha bhArata ke itihAsa meM sadA vizeSa ullekhanIya rhegaa| rAjA paurava ne apane tIsa hajAra paidala sainikoM, cAra hajAra ghur3asavAroM, tIna sau rathoM aura 200 hAthiyoM kI sazakta senA lekara Age bar3hatI haI sikandara kI senA ko rokA / rAjA paurava kI senA prANoM kI bAjI lagA kara bar3I vIratA ke sAtha sikandara kI senA ke sAtha ldd'ii| yUnAnI senA ko isa yuddha meM bar3I bhArI kSati uThAnI par3I kintu sahasA yUnAnI sainikoM ke tIkSNa tIroM kI bauchAroM se paurava kI hasti-senA saMtrasta hokara vigar3a khar3I huI aura usane pIche kI ora tathA idhara-udhara bhAgate hue bekAbU ho svayaM rAjA porava kI senA ko hI bar3I kSati pahuMcAI aura isa prakAra durbhAgya se yuddha kA pAsA hI palaTa gyaa| rAjA paurava ko parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA pdd'aa| jayazrI prApta ho jAne para bhI sikandara ne rAjA paurava kI zakti aura vIratA dekhate-hae usake sAtha maitrI karanA mAvazyaka samajhA aura usakA jItA humA rAjya use punaH lauTA kara vaha vijaya-abhiyAna meM Age bar3ha gyaa| paga-paga

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bhArata para si0 dvArA prA0] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya sthalabhadra para bhAratIyoM dvArA kiye gaye bhISaNa pratirodha aura usase huI apanI gaharI kSati ko dekha kara yUnAnI senA hatotsAhita ho gii| kintu sikandara samasta bhAratavarSa para apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAne kA dRr3ha saMkalpa le kara apane deza se nikalA thaa| usane nirutsAhita sainikoM ko tUphAna kI taraha Age bar3hane ke liye protsAhita kiyaa| sikandara kI senA ne Age bar3hanA cAhA para kSudraka aura mAlava gaNatantroM kI saMyukta senA ne use sindhu aura cinAba ke saMgama ke raNAMgaNa meM llkaaraa| yahAM yUnAnI senA ko bahata bar3I kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| isa yuddha meM mAlavoM se lar3ate hue sikandara svayaM Ahata ho gayA thaa| usake ghAva lagane ke kAraNa sikandara kI mRtyu kI aphavAha phaila gaI aura bhArata ke vijita kSetroM meM bhAratIyoM ke vidroha ko dabAye rakhane kI dRSTi se jo kSatrapiyAM sthApita kI gaI thIM va yUnAnI sainikoM kI bastiyAM basAI gaI thIM, unameM se bahuta se yUnAnI sainika sAmUhika rUpa se yUnAna kI ora bhAga khar3e hae / sikandara ke sainikoM kA manobala bhI TUTa gyaa| usake sainika adhikAriyoM ne spaSTa zabdoM meM sUcita kara diyA ki usakI sainika zakti bahuta kSINa ho cukI hai| bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM usake sainika yuddha meM mAre gaye haiM tathA aneka sainika rogagrasta ho mara cuke haiN| avaziSTa sainikoM meM na pahale ke samAna zArIrika zakti hI rahI hai aura na manobala hii| apanI aura apane sainikoM kI vAstavika sthiti ko dekhate hue sikandara apanI senA ke sAtha vijaya abhiyAna ko banda kara punaH apane deza kI ora loTa pdd'aa| bhAratIya vidrohI prazvakAyanoM ne sikandara dvArA niyukta sindhu ke pazcimI pradeza ke kSatrapa (zAsaka-gavarnara) nikAnora kI hatyA kara ddaalii| tatpazcAt jisa samaya sikandara jhelama nadI ke rAste se lauTa rahA thA, usa samaya usakA eka prati kuzala aura anubhavI kSatrapa philipa use yUnAna ke liye vidA karane phuNcaa| sikandara ko vidA karane ke pazcAt jisa samaya philipa apanI kSatrapI kI ora lauTa rahA thA usa samaya usakI hatyA kara dI gii| jisa samaya sikandara ke pAsa yaha sUcanA pahuMcI to use bar3A gaharA AghAta phuNcaa| sikandara cUMki usa samaya taka bahuta dUra nahIM nikalA thA.prataH vaha agara cAhatA to vidroha ko dabAne ke liye usa kSetra meM lauTa sakatA thA para aba vaha usa sthiti meM nahIM raha gayA thaa| takSazilA tathA sindhu evaM jhelama ke saMgama vAle pradeza kA zAsana jaba taka ki dUsarA prabandha nahIM kara diyA jAya taba taka ke liye vaha takSazilA ke rAjA ko supurda kara calA gyaa| jyoM-jyoM yUnAna kI ora lauTatA huA sikandara bhAratIya pradeza ko apane pIche chor3atA gayA tyoM-tyoM ve bhAratIya pradeza videzI zAsana ke bUe ko dUra pheMka kara svatantra hote cale gaye / baibilauna pahuMcate-pahuMcate sikandara kI I0 pUrva jUna 323 meM mRtyu ho gaI / / 1 In June 323 B. C. Alaxender died at Babylon and no permanent incumbent in IV. A. Smith's Ashoka P. 1. Cambridge History, P. 428 - 1.23-8. ...Philip's place could.ever beappointed.

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420 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhA0 para si0 dvArA prA. sikandara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake sAmrAjya meM sarvatra arAjakatA vyApta ho gii| sikandara ke koI santAna nahIM thI ataH usake senApatiyoM ne sikandara ke rAjya kA paraspara baMTavArA kiyaa| pahalA baMTavArA sikandara kI mRtyu ke tatkAla pazcAt IsA pUrva 323 meM aura dUsarA baMTavArA tripAzaDiMsasa nAmaka sthAna para IsA pUrva 321 meM hmaa| para ina donoM baMTavAroM ke samaya sikandara dvArA vijita sindhu nadI ke pUrvIya pradezoM ko yUnAnI sAmrAjya kI gaNanA meM nahIM liyA gyaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki sikandara kI bhArata meM vidyamAnatA ke samaya meM hI bhAratIyoM dvArA yUnAnI zAsana ke viruddha khar3A kiyA gayA vidroha bala pakar3atA gayA aura sikandara ke pAhata hokara yUnAna kI ora muMha karate hI una pradezoM ke nivAsiyoM ne yUnAnI gulAmI ke jue ko tatkAla jhaTaka kara sadA ke liye utAra pheNkaa| isa saba ghaTanAcakra para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane se yaha tathya spaSTarUpeNa prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki jo sikandara eka ajeya vizAlavAhinI ke sAtha vizvavijaya kI mahatvAkAMkSA liye yUnAna se bhArata kI pazcimottara sImA taka ke pradezoM kI aneka zaktizAlI rAjyasattAmoM ko bhUluNThita karatA hamA eka tIvragAmI pracaNDa tUphAna kI taraha prAge bar3hatA hI gayA, use bhAratIya raNabAMkure dezabhaktoM ne pagapaga para apane pratirodha kI phaulAdI dIvAra banakara rokaa| yaha bhI tathya hai ki sArvabhauma sattAsampanna eka sazakta aura vizAla rAjya ke rUpa meM susaMgaThita na hone ke kAraNa pazcimottara sImAvartI choTe-choTe rAjAmoM aura gaNarAjyoM kI bikharI huI zakti adhika samaya taka sikandara kI sazakta evaM suvizAla vAhinI ke prabala prahAroM ke sammukha nahIM Tika skii| itanA hone para bhI yaha to sunizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa bikharI huI bhAratIya zakti ne bhI apane dRr3ha saMkalpa, tIvra pratirodha mora prabala prahAroM se sikandara kI senA ko bahuta bar3I kSati pahuMcA kara tathA usake manobala evaM proja-teja ko samAptaprAya banAkara sikandara kI saba mahatvAkAMkSAmoM para pAnI phera diyaa| yahAM yaha prazna upasthita honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki bhAratIya choTe-choTe rAjA tathA gaNarAjya binA saMgaThita hue alaga-alaga rUpa se sikandara kI bar3I senA ke sAtha lar3ane ke kAraNa antatogatvA parAsta hote gaye to usake pazcAta sarvavyApI sAmUhika vidroha saMgaThita karane vAlA koI na koI sUtradhAra to avazya honA cAhiye anyathA parAjita bhAratIyoM dvArA eka ke pazcAt dUsare yUnAnI satrapoM ko hatyA karanA evaM yUnAnI sAmrAjya kI jar3oM ko bhArata se ukhAr3a pheMkanA bhAratIyoM ke liye kabhI saMbhava nahIM hotaa| ___ isa prazna kA hameM bhAratIya vAGmaya meM to khojane para bhI koI uttara nahIM milatA kintu sikandara ke nipArkasa, pronesikriTasa pora parisTobulasa nAmaka tIna adhikAriyoM dvArA bhArata kI sthiti ke sambandha meM likhe gaye vivaraNoM aura unake pazcAt bhArata meM yUnAnI rAjadUta megAsthanIja dvArA likhe gaye vivaraNoM ke prAdhAra para likhI gaI videzI vidvAnoM kI racanAmoM se paryApta saMtoSajanaka uttara

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bhArasa para si0 dvArA prA0J dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra 421 mila jAtA hai / IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM jasTina nAmaka eka lekhaka ne uparyukta, sikandara aura selyUkasa ke samakAlIna adhikAriyoM dvArA likhe gaye vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para epiToma arthAt 'sArasaMgraha' kI racanA kii| usake bArahaveM khaNDa meM usane sikaMdara ke vijaya abhiyAnoM kA vivaraNa dete hue likhA hai : .."sikandara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt bhArata ne mAno apane gale se yUnAnI dAsatA kA jUmA utAra pheMkA aura usake aneka kSatrapoM ko mAra ddaalaa| isa muktiabhiyAna kA sUtradhAra seMDrokoTTasa thaa| usakA janma eka sAdhAraNa kula meM humA thA para kucha devI protsAhanoM se use rAjA kA pada prApta karane kI preraNA milii| huA yaha ki usakI dhRSTatA para 'naiDama'' (nanda) ko krodha yA gayA aura usane use maravA DAlane kI AjJA dI, para vaha apane prANa bacA kara vahAM se bhAga niklaa| saMDrokoTTasa-candragupta jaba thaka kara so rahA thA usa samaya eka siMha usake pAsa pAyA aura usake zarIra se bahatA huA pasInA cATa kara dhIre se use jagAyA aura calA gayA / isa anahonI ghaTanA se pahale-pahala candragupta ke mana meM eka rAjA kA sammAna prApta karane kI abhilASA jAgRta huI aura usane apane cAroM ora luTeroM kA eka giroha jamA karake bhAratavAsiyoM ko tatkAlIna (yUnAnI) zAsana kA tastA ulaTa dene ke liye bhdd'kaayaa| isake kucha samaya pazcAt jaba vaha sikandara ke senApatiyoM se lar3ane jA rahA thA, to eka vizAlakAya jaMgalI hAthI apane-Apa usake sAmane Akara khar3A ho gayA aura sahasA pAlatU hAthI kI taraha zIlasvabhAva kA hokara usane candragupta ko apane Upara biThA liyaa| vaha hAthI candragupta kA pathapradarzaka bana gayA aura raNakSetra meM bahuta Age-Age rahA / isa prakAra rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara ke saiMDrokoTTasa ne bhArata ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| isI samaya selyUkasa apanI bhAvI mahAnatA kI nIMva DAla rahA thaa|" ___ jasTina dvArA diye gaye isa vivaraNa se isa prazna ke hala ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya itihAsa ke aneka dhundhale tathya spaSTa rUpa se kisa prakAra ubhara Ate haiM, yaha candragupta ke jIvana vRtta meM prAge diyA jaaygaa| yahAM yahI batAnA abhISTa hai ki sikandara ke isa AkramaNa ne bhAratIyoM meM eka navIna cetanA jAgRta karadI aura bhArata meM eka mahAn zaktizAlI bar3I rAjasattA ko janma dene kI pUrvapIThikA.kA nirmANa kiyA / vastutaH sikandara ke isa sainika abhiyAna ne bhAratIyoM kI raNakSamatA zora vIratA ko saMsAra ke samakSa prakaTa kara diyA kyoMki sikandara kI vijaya kI kahAniyoM se bhI usake viruddha bhAratIyoM dvArA kiye gaye pratirodha kI kahAniyAM adhika vIratAbharI, pAma taura para isa sthAna para 'alekjeMDasa' zabda milatA hai, jisake bAre meM Di ne siddha kara diyA hai ki vaha galata hai prataH usake sthAna para 'neDama' zabda rakha diyA hai| [maikakirina kI invejana mApha inDiyA bAI alekjeMTara pR. 327]

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422 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhA0 para si0 dvArA prA0 rocaka aura preraNApradAyinI haiM / kevala puruSoM ne hI nahIM yahAM kI vIrAMganAoM. ne bhI yuddha ke maidAnoM meM raNacaNDI ke rUpa meM DaTa kara yUnAniyoM ke AkramaNa se mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA karate hue prANAhUtiyAM diiN| 36 I0 pUrva taka jIvita yUnAnI lekhaka DiyoDorasa ne likhA hai : ___ "prazvakAyanoM ne apanI vIrAMganA rAnI kliyophisa (saMbhavataH kRpA devI) ke netRtva meM anta taka apane deza kI rakSA karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| rAnI ke sAtha hI vahAM kI striyoM ne bhI pratirakSA meM bhAga liyaa| vetanabhogI sainika prArambha meM bar3e nirutsAhita ho kara lar3e parantu bAda meM unheM bhI joza A gayA aura unhoMne apamAna ke jIvana kI apekSA gaurava ke sAtha mara jAnA hI zreSTha smjhaa|"" 327 I0 pUrva sikandara dvArA bhArata para kiye gaye AkramaNa ke daurAna, I0 pUrva 323 meM sikandara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt, 304 I0 pUrva meM yUnAnI zAsaka selyUkasa dvArA punaH bhArata para kiye gaye AkramaNa ke samaya tathA 327 I0 pUrva se 304 I0 pUrva taka videzI AkramaNoM ko viphala karane tathA bhArata ko eka sazakta rASTra banAne meM candragupta maurya ne kyA-kyA mahatvapUrNa bhUmikAeM adA kI isa sandarbha meM saMkSepataH usakA jIvanavRtta yahAM diyA jA rahA hai / maurya rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 215 aura tadanusAra IsA pUrva 312 meM nanda rAjyavaMza kI samApti ke sAtha bhArata meM maurya-vaMza ke nAma se eka zaktizAlI rAjyavaMza kA abhyudaya huprA / isa rAjyavaMza ne apanI mAtRbhUmi AryadharA para se yUnAniyoM ke zAsana kA nAmonizAna miTA na kevala sampUrNa bhArata para hI apitu bhArata ke bAhara ke aneka prAntoM para bhI apanI vijayavaijayantI phaharA kara eka sazakta aura vizAla rAjasattA ke rUpa meM 108 varSa taka zAsana kiyaa| isa rAjavaMza ke zAsanakAla meM bhAratavarSa meM cahuMmukhI pragati huii| isa rAjyavaMza ke saMsthApaka maurya-samrATa candragupta ke jIvana ke sAtha usa samaya ke mahAn rAjanItijJa cANakya kA saMpRkta sambandha hai, jise vastutaH isa zaktizAlI rAjyavaMza kA saMsthApaka evaM abhibhAvaka kahA jA sakatA hai| vidvAn brAhmaNa cANakya ke buddhikauzala ke bala para hI isa mahAn rAjyavaMza kI sthApanA huI prataH isa rAjyavaMza kA paricaya dene se pUrva mahAn rAjanaitika, uccakoTi ke arthazAstrI evaM advitIya kUTanItiza cANakya kA paricaya denA paramAvazyaka hai| cANakya aura candragupta-donoM kA jIvana eka dUsare se pUrNataH sambaddha hai ataH una donoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahAM sAtha-sAtha diyA jA rahA hai / 'makakiDila-kRta 'invejana mApha inDiyA bAI alekjeMDara', pR0 270

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423 dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya sthUlabhadra maurya rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka cANakya prAcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTa parva meM cANakya ke jIvana kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki golla-pradeza ke caraNaka nAmaka grAma meM caraNI nAmaka eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma caraNakezvarI thaa| yaha brAhmaNa dampati jainadharma kA ananya anuyAyI thA aura zrAvaka vrata kA pAlana karate hue zramaraNoM kI sevA kiyA karatA thaa| vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue jaina-zramaNa, brAhmaNa caNI ke gRha meM prAyaH ThaharA karate the| brAhmaNI caNakezvarI ne kAlAntara meM eka putra ko janma diyaa| usa zizu ke janma ke samaya caraNI brAhmaNa ke ghara ke eka ekAnta kakSa meM kucha sthavira zramaNa Thahare hue the| caraNI ne apane navajAta putra ko una sthaviroM ke samakSa lAkara dikhAyA aura kahA - "bhagavan ! Aja jo mere yahAM putra kA janma huA hai, isake janma se hI muMha meM dAMta haiN| vastutaH yaha ahaSTapUrva ghaTanA hai, Aja taka dAMtoM sahita bAlaka kA janma na kahIM dekhA gayA hai aura na sunA hii|" navajAta zizu ke muMha meM dAto ko dekha kara sthavira zramaNa na kahA"suzrAvaka ! tumhArA yaha putra eka mahAn pratApI rAjA hogaa|" "merA putra rAjyasattA kA svAmI hokara kahIM naraka kA adhikArI na bana jAya", yaha vicAra kara caraNI ne zizu ko ghara le jAkara retI se usake dAMta ghisanA prArambha kara diyaa| navajAta zizu dantaparSaNa kI pIr3A se royA-cillAyA aura chaTapaTAyA para caraNI ne kaThora hRdaya kara ke usake dAMtoM ko ghisa ddaalaa| jaba caNI ne apane putra ke dAMtoM ko ghisa diye jAne kI bAta muniyoM se kahI to sthavira muni ne kahA ki dAMtoM ke ghisa diye jAne para aba vaha bAlaka kAlAntara meM samrATa nahIM para samrATa tulya (anya vyakti ko rAjA banA kara usake mAdhyama se rAjyasattA kA saMcAlana karane vAlA) hogaa| brAhmaNa caraNI ne yaha vicAra kara ki 'yadabhAvI na ca tadbhAvI, bhAvI cena tadanyathA' dAMtoM ko aura adhika nahIM ghisA.paura apane usa putra kA nAma cAraNakya rakhA tathA yathAsamaya usakI zikSA kA prabandha kiyaa| bar3I lagana ke sAtha adhyayana karate hue kuzAgrabuddhi cANakya ne aneka prakAra kI vidyAnoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kii| vidvAn cANakya saMtoSa ko hI sabase bar3A dhana samajha kara zraka ke vratoM kA samyakpe Na pAlana karatA thaa| ___jaba cANakya yuvA huaA to eka kulIna brAhmaNakanyA ke sAtha usakA pANigrahaNa sampanna humA / apane mAtA-pitA ke dehAvasAna para cANakya ne apanI choTI sI gRhara thI kA kAryabhAra samhAlA para svalpasaMtoSI hone ke kAraNa panasaMgraha kI mora usane kabhI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| apane sahodara ke vivAha ke avasara para eka dina cANakya kI patnI apane mAtRgraha gii| usakI bahineM pahale hI vahA~ pahuMca cukI thIM / cANakya kI sabhI sAliyoM kA vivAha mahAsampattizAlI sampanna gharoM meM humA thA ataH ve sabhI bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta, SoDaza zrRMgAroM

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124 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [maurya rA0 kA saM0 cANakya se suzobhita aura dAsivRndoM se sadA parivRtta rahatI thiiN| cANakya kI patnI ke pAsa prAbhUSaNa ke nAma para kucha bhI nahIM thaa| vaha rAtadina eka hI purAnI sAr3I evaM kaMcukI pahane rahatI thii| usakI isa daridrAvasthA ko dekha kara usakI lakSmI ke samAna vaibhavazAlinI bahanoM tathA vivAhotsava meM sammilita huI anya prAyaH sabhI striyoM ne vividha vyaMgoktiyoM se bar3I ha~sI ur3AnA prArambha kara diyaa| svAbhimAninI cANakyapatnI mAre lajjA ke graha ke ekAnta kakSa ke eka kone meM sabakI nigAhoM se apane prApako chupAye hue baiThI rhtii| vivAha ke usa mAMgalika mahotsava meM usane lajjAvaza koI bhAga nahIM liyA aura vivAha ke sampanna hoteM hI vaha apane patigRha ko lauTa aaii| daridratA ke kAraNa hue apane apamAna kA use itanA gaharA duHkha humA ki vaha apane patigraha meM Akara rAta bhara rotI rhii| cANakya ko apanI patnI kI prAMkhoM meM prAMsU dekha kara bar3A duHkha huaa| cANakya ne apanI patnI se usake zoka kA kAraNa jAnanA cAhA / aneka bAra AgrahapUrvaka pUchane para nahIM cAhate hue bhI patnI ko apane pati ke sammukha prapanI antarvedanA ko prakaTa karanA hI pdd'aa| cAraNakya ko jaba yaha vidita huprA ki usakI dAridradhAvasthA ke kAraNa usakI patnI kA parihAsa huA hai, to usane dhana upArjita karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| use yaha vidita hI thA ki magadhapati nanda brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA ke rUpa meM paryApta dhana detA hai prataH vaha dhana-prApti kI mAMzA liye pATaliputra phuNcaa| anya dakSiNArthiyoM ke prAgamana se pUrva hI rAjaprAsAda meM praveza kara cAraNakya sabase prAge rakhe hue eka uccAsana para baiTha gyaa| vastutaH nanda sadA usa prAsana para baiTha kara hI dakSiNAeM diyA karatA thaa| nanda ke sAtha pAye hue nanda ke putra ne tiraskArapUrNa svara meM eka dAsI se kahA- "dekhanA isa brAhmaNa kI dhRSTatA ki yaha magadhamamrAT ke grAmana para pA kara baiTha gayA hai|" - dAmI ne cANakya ke pAsa pahuMca kara zAnta svara meM kahA - "brahmana! prApa isa dUsare prAmana para baiTha jaaiye|" _ "isa para to merA kamaNDalu rahegA"-yaha kahate hue cANakya ne dUsare prAsana para apanA kamaNDalu rakha diyaa| dAsI ne kramazaH tIsare, cauthe aura pAMcaveM prAsana para baiThane kI cANakya se .prArthanA kI para cANakya ne una tInoM prAsanoM para kramazaH prapanA daNDa, japamAlA aura yajJopavIta rakhate hue kahA isa para merA daNDa, isa prAsana para merI japamAlA, aura isa para merA yajJopavIta rhegaa| cANakya ke na uThane evaM pranyAnya prAsanoM ko rokate rahane se kSubdha ho, yaha kahate hue ki kitanA dhRSTha hai yaha brAhmaNa jo bAra-bAra kahane para bhI prAsana se uThatA nahIM hai aura dUsare mAsanoM ko rokatA hI calA jA rahA hai, dAsI ne pANiprahAra kara cANakya ko usa mAsana se uThA diyA / dAsI dvArA kiye gaye isa apamAna se cAgakya kI krodhAgni pravala vega se bhar3aka utthii| usane upasthita vizAla janasamUha ke samakSa dRr3ha aura pratyucca

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maurya rA0 kA saM0 cANakya] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : pAyaM sthUlabhadra 425 svara meM yaha pratijJA kI - "maiM isa nanda kA isake sainya, putra, mitra aura koza ke sAtha sarvanAza karake hI vizrAma luuNgaa|" ___ uparyukta kaThora pratijJA karane ke pazcAt bhrUvikSepa aura lAla-lAla mAMkhoM se nanda kI pora dRSTinikSepa karate hue mAre krodha ke kAMpatA huprA cANakya rAjaprAsAda se nikala kara nagara se bAhara calA gyaa| cANakya ko apane mAtA-pitA se sunI huI sthaviroM kI usa bhaviSyavANI kA smaraNa ho pAyA jisameM unhoMne kahA thA ki yaha Age calakara samrATa nahIM para samrAT ke samAna "bimbAntarita"yavanikA ke pIche rahate hue, samrAT bnegaa| 'nispRha zramaraNazreSTha dvArA kahI gaI bAta kabhI asatya nahIM hotI' yaha vicAra kara cANakya ne rAjA banane yogya kisI vyakti ko daMDha kara usake mAdhyama se nanda, usake vaMza aura rAjya kA nAza karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyaa| candragupta kA paricaya kisI suyogya vyakti kI talAza meM sanyAsI kA veSa dhAraNa kiye hue ghUmatA hugrA cANakya eka dina eka aise grAma meM bhikSArtha pahuMcA, jahAM rAjA nanda ke mayUroM kA pAlana-poSaNa karane vAle loga nivAsa karate the| mayUrapoSakoM ke mukhiyA ne parivrAjaka veSadhArI cANakya ko dekha kara kahA- "mahAtman ! merI putrI ko candrapAna kA eka bar3A hI prabhuda dohada utpanna humA hai| usako candramA ke pIne kI pratyutkaTa abhilASA banI huI hai| isa prasaMbhava kRtya ko kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? gabhiraNI ke dohada kI pUrti na hone kI dazA meM garbhastha zizu ke sAtha-sAtha merI putrI kA prANAnta honA bhI avazyambhAvI hai, yaha cintA mujhe maharniza pIr3ita kara rahI hai| yadi mApa isa adbhuta dohada kI pUrti kA koI upAya kara sakeM to hama para bar3A upakAra hogaa|" vidvAn cANakya ne samajha liyA ki jisa suyogya pAtra kI khoja meM vaha prayatnazIla hai, vaha pAtra to mayUrapoSaka kI putrI ke garbha meM hai| cANakya ne mayUrapoSakoM ke mukhiyA se kahA - "garbhastha bAlaka ko bar3A hone para yadi tuma mujhe de dene kI pratijJA karo to maiM tumhArI putrI ke dohada kI pUrti kara sakatA huuN|" mayUrapoSakoM ke svAmI ne cANakya kI zarta ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa| tadanantara buddhimAna cANakya ne ghAsa-phUsa kI eka jhoMpar3I taiyAra krvaaii| usa jhoMpar3I ke UparI bhAga meM eka bar3A-sA chidra rkhvaayaa| usa jhopar3I meM rAtrike samaya khidra meM se pUrNacandra kA pratibimba par3ane lgaa| cANakya ne guptarUpa se eka pAdamI ko jhoMpar3I para yaha kaha kara bar3hA diyA ki usake saMketa karate hI vaha dhIre-dhIre usa chidra ko tRNoM se DhaMkanA prArambha kara de| yaha saba vyavasthA karane ke pazcAt cANakya ne gabhiNI ko bulAkara usa jhopar3I meM eka pIr3e para baiThAyA aura usake hAtha meM pAnI se bharI huI eka pAlI

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426 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ candragupta kA paricaya rakha dI / usa thAlI meM pUrNacandra kA pratibimba par3a rahA thA / cAraNakya ne garbhiNI ko sambodhita karate hue kahA- "beTI ! isa candramA ko pI jAo / " garbhiNI ne thAlI kA pAnI pInA prArambha kiyA / jyoM-jyoM vaha pAnI pItI jA rahI thI tyoM-tyoM jhoMpar3I ke Upara baiThA huA puruSa jhoMpar3I meM rakhe hue cheda ko tRNoM se DhAMpatA jA rahA thA / isa prakAra thAlI kA pUrA pAnI pI lene para garbhiNI ko candra dikhanA banda ho gayA aura usake yaha samajha lene para ki usane candrapAna kara liyA hai, usakA dohada pUrNa ho gayA / dohada kI pUrti ho jAne para garbha nirvighna rUpa se bar3hane lagA aura samaya para mayUrapoSaka kI putrI ne eka tejasvI putra ko janma diyA / dohada kI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue usa bAlaka kA nAma candragupta rakhA gayA / dhuna dUradarzI cANakya bhAvI rAjA kI senA ke liye svarNa ekatrita karane kI dhAtu - vizAradoM kI khoja karatA huA idhara-udhara ghUmane lagA / meM idhara kucha bar3A hone para bAlaka candragupta apane samavayaska bAlakoM ke sAtha khelate samaya rAjAoM jaisI ceSTAeM karane lagA / vaha kabhI kisI bAlaka ko hAthI banAkara usa para baiThatA, to kabhI dUsare bAlaka ko ghor3A banAkara usa para savAra hotA / vaha khela hI khela meM miTTI ke gharoMde banAkara unheM gAMva kI saMjJA detA aura hAthI banAye hue kisI bAlaka para baiThakara apane sAthiyoM kI senA le usa gAMva para prAkramaraNa karatA / vaha una kRtrima gAMvoM ko jIta kara bar3e Ananda kA anubhava karatA / vaha apane sAthI bAlakoM ko aneka prakAra kI prajJAeM detA aura ve bAlaka svAmibhakta sevaka kI taraha candragupta kI prAjJAnoM kA pAlana karate / aneka sthAnoM para ghUmatA huA cAraNakya eka dina mayUrapoSakoM ke usa gAMva meM phuNcaa| usa samaya candragupta bAlakoM ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue aneka prakAra kI rAja- lIlAeM kara rahA thA / cAraNadhya usa tejasvI bAlaka kI rAjasIlA dekhakara mana hI mana bar3A prasanna huA / bAlaka kI buddhi aura bahAdurI kI parIkSA karane kI dRSTi se cANakya ne usase kahA- "mahArAja ! mujhe bhI prApa kucha dAna dIjiye / " bAlaka candragupta ne tatkAla uttara diyA - " gAMva kI ye itanI gAyeM haiM unameM se chAMTa-chAMTa kara Apako jo-jo acchI lageM, ve saba maiMne Apako dIM, Apa unheM le jAiye / " cANakya ne ha~sate hue uttara diyA- "rAjan ! ina zrauroM kI gAyoM ko maiM kaise le jAUM, inake svAmI mujhe mAreMge nahIM ?" vAlaka candragupta ne bhI dRr3hatA ke sAtha kahA - "brahmadeva ! Apako kisI se Darane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / maiMne ye gAyeM Apako de dI haiM, maiM rAjA hUM, merI AjJA kA koI ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA / kyA Apako jJAta nahIM hai ki "vIrabhogyA vasaMgharA", yaha pRthvI vIra puruSoM ke hI upabhoga kI vastu hai /

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candragupta kA paricaya dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra 427 cANakya usa vAlaka ke uttara ko suna kara bar3A prasanna huaa| usane bar3e dhyAna meM bAta ke zArIrika lakSaNoM ko aura prAkRti ko dekhA to use aisA anubhava hA ki vaha bAlaka vastutaH rAjA banAye jAne ke yogya hai / bAlaka ke dRr3ha grAtmavizvAsa aura sahaja nirbhaya svabhAva se cANakya var3A prabhAvita huprA / usake kula-zIla aura mAtA-pitA ke sambandha meM paricaya prApta karane kI icchA se cANakya ne eka bAlaka se pUchA- "yaha bAlaka-rAjA kisakA putra hai ?" aneka vAlakoM ne eka sAtha uttara diyA - "mahArAja ! yaha eka saMnyAsIjI mahArAja kA dattaka putra hai / isakA nAma candragupta hai| jisa samaya yaha garbha meM thA usa samaya isakI mAtA ko yaha tIvra cAha huI ki vaha candramA ko pI jaaye| usakI cAha pUrI na hone ke kAraNa mAtA aura garbha donoM hI dina-pratidina kSIraNa hote cale gye| isake nAnA ne apanA duHkha una saMnyAsIjI mahArAja ke samakSa prakaTa kiyaa| saMnyAsIjI ne isa zarta para isakI mAtA kI candrapAna kI icchA pUrNa karane kA vizvAsa dilAyA ki jisa putra ko yaha janma de use bar3A hone para unheM de diyA jAya / isake nAnA ne saMnyAsIjI kI vaha zarta svIkAra kara lI aura una mahAtmA ne isakI mAtA ko na mAluma kisa vidyA ke prabhAva se cAMda pilA hI diyaa| isakI mAtA kI candramA ko pIne kI icchA pUrNa hone se vaha pUrI taraha svastha ho gaI aura usane samaya para isa bAlaka ko janma diyaa| isakI mAtA dvArA candramA ke piye jAne ke kAraNa isa bAlaka kI rakSA huI isaliye isake nAnA-nAnI ne isakA nAma candragupta rkhaa| "mahArAja ! yaha bar3A bahAdura tathA bahuta hI acchA lar3akA hai para kyA kareM eka na eka dina ve saMnyAsIjI mahArAja pAyeMge aura isako apane sAtha le jaayeNge| hamArA yaha pyArA aura acchA rAjA eka dina hama logoM ko chor3a kara calA jAyagA isa bAta kA hameM bar3A duHkha hai|" ___ cANakya ne candragupta ke mukha aura mastaka para dulAra se hAtha pherate hue kahA- "mere bacce !" maiM hI to vaha sanyAsI huuN| mere sAtha calo, maiM tumheM rAjA banA duuNgaa|" mahatvAkAMkSI bAlaka candragupta ne tatkAla cANakya ke vAmahasta kI kaniSThikA pakar3a lI aura vaha pAzA ke ananta nIlagagana meM apane bhAvI sAmrAjya ke sundara-sunahale citra banAtA huA cAraNakya ke sAtha ho liyaa| aba to vaha rAjA bana kara hI apane nAnA-nAnI, mAtA-pitA aura bAla-sakhAyoM se milegA isa prakAra kA mana hI mana dRr3ha nizcaya kara cukane ke kAraNa bAlaka candragupta meM apane sAthI bAlakoM aura apane grAma kI ora mur3a kara bhI nahIM dekhA / apane svapnoM ko mAkAra karane vAle usa svariNama suyoga meM kahIM kisI prakAra kA vighna upasthita nahIM ho jAya, isa AzaMkA se cANakya ne bAlaka ke mAtA-pitA mAdi abhibhAvakoM ko binA pUche hI usa gAMva se anizcita sthAna ke liye tatkAla prasthAna kara digaa|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ candragupta kA paricaya 1 . bAlaka candragupta ko cAraNavaya apane sAtha binA usake abhibhAvakoM ko pUche le gayA, isa ghaTanA ke ullekha ke tatkAla pazcAt hI prAcArya hemacandra ne apane pariziSTa parva meM nanda ke sAtha cAraNakya ke saMgharSarata ho jAne kA ullekha karate hue batAyA hai ki cANakya ne dhAtuvijJAna ke mAdhyama se upArjita svarNa se eka senA saMgaThita kI aura candragupta ne usa senA ke sAtha pATalIputra para AkramaNa kara diyA / pariziSTa parva meM kiyA gayA yaha ullekha nitAMta prasaMgata aura avyavahArya pratIta hotA hai / bAlakrIr3AtroM meM nirata eka grAmINa bAlaka ko binA kisI prakAra kI sainika zikSA diye sahasA senApati banA kara usa samaya ke bhAratavarSa kI sabase zaktizAlI rAjyasattA ke viruddha sainika abhiyAna karane ke liye jhauMka dene jaisI adUradarzitA cANakya jaisA uccakoTi kA rAjanItijJa aura dUradarzI kUTanItijJa nahIM kara sakatA / vistArabhaya athavA anya kinhIM kAraNoM se prAcArya hemacandra ne ina donoM ghaTanAoM ke madhyavartI kAla meM cANakya dvArA candragupta ko eka kuzala senAnI aura suyogya zAsaka banAne ke liye use samucita zikSA dilAne kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / 428 cANakya ne jisa kArya ko nispanna karane kA bIr3A uThAyA thA vaha vastutaH bar3A gurutara aura dussAdhya kArya thA / cANakya ke kArya kA mUlyAMkana karane para spaSTarUpeNa yaha vidita ho jAyagA ki kevala apane apamAna ke pratikAra ke liye badale kI bhAvanA se prerita ho kara hI usane itanA bar3A saMgharSa nahIM kiyA thA / vastutaH isa mahAn saMgharSa ke pIche usake antara meM aneka uddezya the / tAtkAlika dezavyApI vighaTanakArI pravRttiyoM ne usake mAnasa meM tIvra asaMtoSa ko janma diyA / karabhAra se dabI huI aura kuzAsana se prapIr3ita janatA ko vaha eka sArvabhauma sattAsampanna sazakta suzAsana denA cAhatA thA / ho sakatA hai ki nanda ke rAjaprAsAda meM hue apamAna ne usake antara meM chupe una vicAroM ko pracaNDa rUpa de kara use rAjyakrAnti ke liye tIvratama preraNA dI ho / ajasra zrama, zakti, zaurya, sAhasa aura memA se bhI kaSTasAdhya isa mahAn kArya kA zrIgaNeza karane se pahale mahAn kUTanItijJa caraNakya ne candragupta ko kisI na kisI prAdarza vidyAlaya meM uccazikSA pravazyameva dilAI hogI, yaha to nizcita rUpa se mAnanA hI par3egA / usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM do mahAn vizvavidyAlaya the, eka to takSazilA kA prora dUsarA nAlandA kA / nanda ke nAka ke nIce rahe hue nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya meM candragupta ko zikSA dilAne kA khatarA mola na le kara cAraNakya ne pravazyameva takSazilA vizvavidyAlaya meM usake liye zikSA kI vyavasthA kI hogI, yaha anumAna yukti saMgata ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai / jAtaka kathAnoM se patA calatA hai ki takSazilA vizvavidyAlaya meM rAjakumAroM ke liye uccakoTi ke sainika prazikSaNa kI samucita vyavasthA thI, jisameM siddhAnta tathA vyavahAra ke sAtha-sAtha jAtaka ke zabdoM meM 'issatya sivya' prarthAt dhanuvidyA evaM 'hatyisuta' hAthiyoM se sambandha rakhane vAlI vidyA prAdi kI

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429 pAnupta kA paricaya dazapUrvapara-kAma : prArya svamamA zikSA dI jAtI thii| vizvavidyAlaya ke pratiriktavahAM eka zikSAzAstrIdvArA svatantrarUpa se bhI rAjakumAroM ko isa prakAra kA sainika prazikSaNa diye jAne kA jAtaka kathAnoM meM vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya kI sainika ekeDemI meM 101 rAjakumAra aura svatantra prAdhyApaka kI zikSaNazAlA meM 103 rAjakumAra ucca sainika prazikSaNa prApta karate rahate the isa prakAra kA ullekha jAtakoM meM hai| cANakya ke samAna usa samaya ke coTI ke vidvAna ke liye candragupta ko uparivariNata donoM zikSaNa saMsthAnoM meM se kisI eka meM praveza dilA kara ucca sainika prazikSaNa dilavAnA koI kaThina kArya nahIM thaa| aisI dazA meM yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki cANakya ko mayUrapAlakoM ke grAma meM jyoM hI pratibhAzAlI vAka candragupta milA, tyoM hI vaha use le kara sIdhA nAlandA pahuMcA mora vahAM usa usakI zikSA ke liye samucita vyavasthA kii| hamAre isa anumAna ko IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM hue pAzcAtya lekhaka jasTina dvArA likhita 'epiToma' (sArasaMgraha) ke usa vivaraNa se bala milatA hai, jisameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki tatkAlIna yUnAniyoM ke zAsana kA takhtA ulaTa dene ke liye saiMDokoTTasa (candragupta) ne DAkutroM kA dala ekatrita kara ke bhAratavAsiyoM ko bhdd'kaayaa| isake kucha samaya pazcAt jaba vaha sikandara ke senApatiyoM se lar3ane jA rahA thA to eka vizAlakAya jaMgalI hAthI ne usako pAlatU hAthI kI taraha apanI pITha para baiThA liyA / vaha hAthI yuddha meM candragupta kA pathapradarzaka bana gayA aura raNakSetra meM sadA bahuta mAge-Age rahA / ' 1 .........He then passed over to India, whichafter Alexender's death, as if theyoke of servitude had been sbaken off from its ncak, had put his prefects to death. Sandrocottus had been the leader, who achieved their freedom, but after his victory he had forfeited by bis tyranny, all little to the name of liberator : for haviog ascended the throne, he oppressed with servitude the very people whom he had emancipated from foreign thraldom. He was born in humble life, but was prompted to aspire to royalty by an omeo, significant of an august destiny. For, when by insolent bebaviour he had offended king Nandrus, and was ordered by that king to be put to death, he had sought safety by a speedy flight. When he lay down, overcome with fatigue and had fallen into a deep sleep, a lion of enormous size, approaching the slumberer, liked with its tongue, the sweat, which oozed profusely from his body, and when he awoke, quietly took its departure. It was this prodigy, which first inspired him, with the hope of winning the throne, and so having collected a band of robbers, be instigated the lodians to overthrow the existing government. When he was there, after preparing to attack. Alexander's prefects, a wild elephant of monstrous size approached him and kpccling submissively like tame elepham, received him on to its neck and fought vigorously in front of the army. Sandrocottus having thus won the throne, was reigning over India when Seluccus was laying the foundation of his future greatness. Seleucus having made a treat with him and otherwise settled his affairs in the cast, returned home to prosecute the war with Antigonous. - From . 4: as translated by Mr. Creadke, Principal, u Itzseb. Corp. Inser. Indic. Pt. 1. Pruf xxxit.

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430 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [candragupta kA paricaya ___IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM hue videzI vidvAn jasTina ne sikandara ke adhi-. kAriyoM dvArA tathA megasthanIja dvArA likhe gaye saMsmaraNoM ke AdhAra para apane "sArasaMgraha" meM ye paMktiyAM likhiiN| inase hama nimnalikhita niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM - sikandara ne eka bar3I senA ke sAtha yUnAna se lekara bhArata kI pazcimottara sImA taka ke dezoM ko vijita karane ke pazcAt IsA pUrva 527 meM bhArata para prAkramaraNa kiyaa| aneka bar3I-bar3I rAjyasattAoM ko padadalita evaM parAjita kara dene ke kAraNa sikandara kI senA kA manobala bar3hA huA thaa| navInatama zastrAstroM se susajjita sikandara kI zaktizAlI vizAla senA ke samakSa bhArata ke pazcimottara sImAvartI choTe-choTe rAjyoM tathA gaNarAjyoM kI senAeM kar3e saMgharSa ke pazcAt eka ke bAda eka parAjita hotI hI gii| isa dayanIya sthiti ko dekhakara deza ke prAvAla vRddha ke antarmana meM utpanna hue kSobha ne pratyeka bhAratavAsI ko apanI mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA ke liye kucha na kucha kara gujarane kI preraNA dii| prabRddha buddhijIviyoM ne videzI zakti se lohA lene ke liye janamAnasa ko ubhaaraa| navayuvaka apane deza kI svatantratA ke liye prANAhuti dene ko tatpara hue| cANakya jaise kUTanItijJa aura raNanIti vizAradoM kI nigAha takSazilA meM "ucca sainika prazikSaNa prApta karane vAle zikSArthiyoM kI ora gaIM aura unameM se suyogya yuvakoM kA cayana kara unake dvArA yuvAvarga ko Avazyaka sainika prazikSaNa dilavAyA tathA isa prakAra takSazilA kI sainika ekeDamI se zikSA prApta snAtakoM ke senApatitva meM tatkAla khar3I kI gaI sainika Tukar3iyoM meM se kucha ko videzI zAsana kI samApti ke liye yuddha ke maidAnoM meM bhejakara tathA kucha ko gurillA yuddha se zatru kI zakti kSINa karane kA kArya sauMpa kara sAmUhika vidroha kA jhaNDA phaharAyA gyaa| candragupta jaisA mahatvAkAMkSI yuvaka, jo usa samaya taka takSazilA meM paryApta sainika prazikSaNa prApta kara cukA thA, deza para AI huI saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM cupacApa nahIM baiTha sakatA thaa| ataH candragupta ne bhI eka sainika Tukar3I kA senApatitva karate hue sikandara kI senA ke sammukha DaTakara lohA liyaa| eka videzI lekhaka, tUphAna kI taraha nirantara Age bar3hatI huI apane deza kI bahAdura senA kI rAha meM DaTakara usakI pragati ko rokane vAle bhAratIya senApati ke liye yaha likhe ki - candragupta ne DAkuoM kA dala ekatrita karake bhAratavAsiyoM ko bhar3akAyA- to isake liye use doSa nahIM diyA jA sktaa| saMsAra kA itihAsa sAkSI hai ki apanI mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA ke liye prAraNAhuti dene vAle rarapabAMkure dezabhaktoM ko mAtatAyI sadA se hI cora, DAkU, * luTere, guNDe mAdi sambodhanoM se sambodhita karate mAye haiN| apane samaya ke apratima kUTanItijJa aura rAjanIti-vizArada cANakya ke dUradarzitApUrNa nirdezana meM sAhasI navayuvaka candragupta ne apanI mAtRbhUmi bhArata ko videzI yUnAniyoM kI dAsatA se unmukta karAne kA bIr3A uThAyA aura adbhuta dharya, sAhasa evaM parAkrama se usane yUnAniyoM ko bhAratavarSa kI sImAoM se bAhara

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431 candragupta kA paricaya] dazapUrvagharaHkAla : prArya sthUlabhadra khader3ane meM saphalatA prApta kii| candragupta usa rAjanaitika viplava ke samaya na to kimI rAjya kA zAsaka hI thA aura na usake pAsa koI niyamita senA hI thii| usane deza kI grAna-bAna para mara miTane kI sAdha rakhane vAle yuvakoM ko saMgaThita kara isa ati duSkara kArya ko sambhava bnaayaa| apane deza meM videzI zAsana kA anta karane ke pazcAt candragupta ne apane abhibhAvaka athavA bhAgyavidhAtA cANakya ke AdezAnusAra pATaliputra para adhikAra karane hetu anavarata parizrama dvArA eka zaktizAlI senA kA saMgaThana kiyaa| yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki magadha jaise usa samaya ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rAjya kI susaMgaThita senAoM se lohA lene ke liye eka sazakta senA taiyAra karane meM candragupta aura cANakya ko paryApta samaya lagA hogA / paryApta zaktizAlI sena ke maMgaThita ho jAne aura sabhI prakAra kI sainika taiyAriyAM sampanna ho jAne para cAraNakya ne candragupta ko pATaliputra para prabala vega ke sAtha AkramaNa karane kA Adeza diyA / candragupta ne cAraNakya ke Adeza kA pAlana karate hue tatkAla apanI senA ke sAtha pATaliputra kI ora raNaprayANa kiyaa| bhArata para videzI yAkramaNa ke samaya se hI dhanananda sAvadhAna ho cukA thaa| kahIM sikandara usake rAjya para bhI AkramaNa na kara de, isa AzaMkA se usane apanI phaujoM ko susaMgaThita kara rakhA thaa| candragupta dvArA kiye jAne vAle isa apratyAzita AkramaNa kI sUcanA milate hI dhanananda apanI vizAla vAhinI ke sAtha candragupta se yuddha karane ke liye yuddhasthala meM A DaTA / isa sainika abhiyAna meM cANakya bhI candragupta ke sAtha thaa| donoM senAeM bar3I vIratA ke sAtha lar3IM kintu magadha kI susaMgaThita aura vizAla senA ke sammukha candragupta kI senA ke paira ukhar3a gaye / candragupta kI senA meM bhagadar3a macate hI dhanananda kI senA ne dviguNita vega se usa para prabala aAkramaNa kiyA / pariNAma yaha huA ki candragupta kI senA ke sipAhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM magadha kI senA dvArA mauta ke ghATa utAra diye gaye aura antatogatvA candragupta aura cANakya ko apane prANoM kI rakSA ke liye yuddhasthala chor3a kara bhAganA pdd'aa| dhanananda ke Adeza se magadha ke sainikoM dvArA candragupta aura cANakya kA pIchA kiyA gyaa| usa saMkaTApanna bhayAnaka sthiti meM bhI pratyutpannamatI cANakya ne candragupta evaM svayaM ke prANoM kI bar3I hI dakSatA se rakSA kii| dhanananda ne apane rAjya meM ghoSaNA karavA dI ki jo koI vyakti candragupta evaM cANakya ko jIvita athavA mRta avasthA meM usake samakSa prastuta karegA use bahuta bar3A pAritoSika tathA rAjakIya sammAna diyA jAyagA / aisI sthiti meM cANakya aura candragupta ke liye paga-paga para prAraNoM kA saMkaTa thaa| udhara magadha kA samasta guptacara vibhAga evaM sainya saMgaThana cANakya evaM candragupta ko pakar3ane ke liye dhanananda ke samasta sAmrAjya meM sakriya thA para catura cANakya candragupta ko sAtha liye vikaTa vanoM, durladhya parvatoM aura vegavatI nadiyoM ko chadmaveSa meM pAra karatA calA jA rahA thaa|

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432 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga grAmINa mahilA se cANakya ko zikSA nandavaMza ko samApta karane kI apanI pratijJA ko pUrNa karane hetu jIvita rahane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa hRdaya meM pAye hue cANakya eka rAtri meM vizrAma ke liye candragupta ke sAtha eka ekAMta jhoMpar3I meM ThaharA / usa vRddha mahilA ne eka thAlI meM garama-garama rAba DAla kara apane bAlakoM ke sammukha rakha dii| una bAlakoM meM se eka ne rAva khAne ke liye thAlI ke bIca meM hAtha DAlA aura hAtha jala jAne ke kAraNa karAha uThA / usa vRddhA ne khIjha bharA upAlambha dete hue usa bAlaka me kahA- "mere bacce ! tU bhI cAraNakya kI taraha nitAMta mUr3ha hI najara pAtA hai|' vRddhA kI bAta suna kara cANakya cauMka uThA / usane vRddhA se pUchA - "cANakya ne aisI kaunasI mUrkhatA kI hai, jisake kAraNa tuma isa bAlaka ko usake samAna mUrkha vatA rahI ho?" ___vRddhA ne uttara diyA- "pAntha ! jisa prakAra cANakya ne. magadha ke sImAvartI kSetroM ko vijita kiye binA sahasA vizAla sAmrAjya ke madhyabhAga meM sthita pATalIputra nagara para AkramaNa kara ke bhayaMkara parAjaya ke sAtha prAraNasaMkaTa mola lene kI mUrkhatA kI usI prakAra yaha mUrkha bAlaka bhI thAlI ke kinAroM ke prAsa-pAsa kI rAba na khA kara garamAgarama rAba ke bIca meM hAtha DAla kara apanA hAtha jalA cukA hai|" cANakya ne usa grAmINa vRddhA dvArA diye gaye tAne se zikSA grahaNa kii| mana hI mana vRddhA kA upakAra mAnate hue usane rAta bhara jAgate raha kara apanA bhAvI kAryakrama nirdhArita kiyA aura sUryodaya se pUrva hI ajJAta sthAna ke liye vahAM se prasthAna kara diyaa| apane buddhi-kauzala se cANakya ne candragupta kI ora sarapaTa daur3a se prAte hue nanda ke ghur3a savAroM ko mauta ke ghATa utAra kara apane tathA candragupta ke prAggoM kI rakSA kii| aneka saMkaToM kA sAmanA karane ke pazcAt cANakya candragupta ke sAtha magadha kI sImAoM se sakuzala bAhara nikalane meM saphala humA / nirApada sthAna para pahuMcane ke pazcAt cANakya ne punaH saMnya-saMgaThana kA kArya prArambha kiyaa| prava kI bAra cANakya ne himAlaya kI talahaTI ke rAjA parvataka ke sAtha mitratA kI aura use nanda kA prAdhA rAjya dene kA vizvAsa dilA kara dhanananda ke rAjya para prAkramaNa karane ke liye rAjI kara liyaa| kucha hI samaya meM candragupta ne bhI eka sazakta senA sugaThita kara lii| cANakya ke nirdeza ke anusAra candragupta pIra parvataka kI senAoM ne sammilita rUpa se magadha rAjya para pAkramaNa kiyA aura magadha ke eka ke pazcAt dUsare sImAvartI kSetroM evaM nagaroM para adhikAra karate hue antatogatvA pATaliputra para AkramaNa kara diyA / cANakya kI isa navIna raNanIti ke kAraNa isa bAra ke yuddha meM zIghra hI magadha kA bahuta bar3A bhAga candragupta tathA parvataka ke adhikAra meM prA jAne ke kAraNa dhana jana. rasada prAdi kI dRSTi meM

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433 grA0 ma0 se cA0 ko zikSA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhadra candragupta aura parvataka kI sammilita sainya zakti dhanananda ke liye ajeya bana gaI / antatogatvA tumula yuddha ke pazcAt magadha kI senA yuddhasthala chor3a kara bhAga khar3I huI / pATalIputra kA patana hote hI candragupta ne dhanananda ko jIvitAvasthA meM pakar3a liyA / isa sainika abhiyAna kI saphalatA kA sArA zreya cANakya ko diyA jA sakatA hai, jisakI gUr3ha kUTanItika cAloM ke kAraNa candragupta aura parvataka kI senAyoM ko nirantara saphalatAeM prApta hotI rhiiN| nandavaMza kA anta : mauryavaMza kA abhyudaya candragupta ne apane guru cANakya ke samakSa bandI-veSa meM dhanananda ko upasthita kiyaa| dhanananda ne cANakya ke sammukha prAgaNabhikSA mAMgate hue kahA ki vaha aba ekAnta meM dharma-sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai| cAraNakya ne dhanananda kI prArthanA ko svIkAra karate hue kahA ki vaha apanI donoM rAniyoM, eka putrI aura yathepsita dhana-sampatti ke sAtha eka ratha meM baiTha kara jahAM cAhe vahAM jA sakatA hai| " cANakya ke AdezAnusAra dhanananda ne apanI donoM patniyoM aura eka putrI ko ratha meM biThAyA aura jIvanayApana yogya paryApta sampatti le kara rathArUr3ha ho ratha ko hAMka diyA / jisa samaya nanda ne apane ratha ko hAMkA daivayoga se usI samaya candragupta kA ratha usake sAmane kI ora se praayaa| rathArUr3ha tejasvI yuvaka candragupta para dRSTi par3ate hI dhanananda kI rAjakumArI apanA samasta bhAna-kula-kAna Adi vismRta kara baiThI / jisa prakAra cakorI candra kI ora visphArita netroM se dekhatI rahatI hai usI prakAra dhanananda kI kanyA apanI sudha-budha bhUle apalaka dRSTi se candragupta kI ora nihAratI hI raha gaI ! anubhavI vRddha dhanananda se yaha chupA na rahA ki usakI putrI candragupta para apanA sarvasva nyauchAvara kara cukI hai| usane ratha roka kara apanI putrI se kahA- "vatse ! kSatriya kanyAoM ke liye svayaMvara hI vara-cayana kA zreSTha mAdhyama mAnA gayA hai| tuma apanI icchAnusAra prasannatApUrvaka candragupta kA varaNa kro| praba tuma mere ratha se utara kara candragupta ke ratha para ArUr3ha ho jAo aura isa taraha mujhe tumhAre liye suyogya vara DhUMDhane kI cintA se sadA ke liye mukta kara do|" apane pitA kI bAta sunate hI vaha rAjakanyA mantramugdhA sI tatkAla dhanananda ke ratha se utara kara candragupta ke ratha para car3hane lgii| candragupta ke ratha para nandarAja kI kanyA dvArA eka paira hI rakhA gayA thA ki usake pahiyoM ke 6 Are carra-carra zabda karate hue tatkAla TUTa gye| __ yaha dekhate hI - "are ! mere ratha para yaha mahA amaMgalakAriNI kauna prArUr3ha ho rahI hai, jisake dvArA ratha meM eka paira ke rakhane mAtra se mere ratha ke Are TUTa gye| yadi yaha pUrI taraha se ratha meM baiTha gaI to mere ratha kA hI nahIM saMbhavataH merA svayaM kA astitva bhI khatare meM par3a jAyagA" - yaha kahate hue candragupta ne nandadulArI ko apane ratha meM baiThane se rokaa|

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434 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mauyavaMza kA abhyudaya cANakya ne candragupta ko bIca meM hI Tokate hue kahA - "nahIM, nahIM candragupta ! aisA na kro| tuma nissaMkoca hokara rAjakumArI ko apane ratha meM baiThane do| ratha ke pahiye ke dAroM ke TUTane kA yaha tumhAre liye aura tumhArI bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke liye mahAn zubha zakuna hai| tumhArI 6 pIr3hiyAM akSuNNarUpa se rAjya karatI rheNgii|" ___ "yathAjJApayati deva !" kahate hae candragupta ne cANakya kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kiyA aura dhanananda kI rAjaputrI ko apane ratha meM biThA liyaa| tadanantara candragupta aura rAjA parvataka ne dhanananda kI atula dhana-sampatti kA paraspara vibhAjana karanA prArambha kiyaa| ___ dhanananda kI sampatti kA baMTavArA karate samaya dhanananda ke ranivAsa kI eka adbhuta rUpa-lAvaNyasampanna kanyA candragupta aura parvataka ke samakSa prastuta kI gii| rAjA parvataka usa kanyA ko dekhate hI usa para mugdha ho gyaa| vaha kanyAratna kisake pAsa rahe, isa prakAra kA prazna uThane se pahale hI dUradarzI cANakya ne kahA - "candragupta ! dhanananda kI rAjaputrI tumhArA varaNa kara cukI hai, aba yaha anupama sundarI kanyA mahArAja parvataka kI patnI bane, yahI nyAyasaMgata hai|" candragupta ne binA kisI prakAra kI nanno-nacca ke apane guru kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara liyaa| mahAdhya vastuoM kA baMTavArA hote hI parvataka kI icchAnusAra usa rUpavatI kanyA ke sAtha parvataka kA vivAha bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha sampanna kiyA jAne lagA / sundara vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita vara-vadhU ko havana-vedI ke pAsa biThAyA gayA aura vara-vadhU kA paraspara karagrahaNa karavAne ke pazcAt vivAha kI mAMgalika kriyAeM kI jAne lgiiN| vivAha-vedI kI agni ke tApa se vara-tadhU ke hAthoM meM sveda utpanna huA / vadhU ke hAtha kA sveda lagate hI parvataka para ati vega se viSa kA prabhAva hone lgaa| vastutaH vaha kanyA viSakanyA thI, jise dhanananda ne apanI rAha ke kAMToM ko gupta rUpa se sApha karane hetu anupAta se uttarottara adhikAdhika viSa khilA kara pAlA-posA thaa| usa viSakanyA ke sveda ke prabhAva se parvataka ke samasta aMgopAMga zithila hone lge| usake antara meM viSajanya tIvra jalana hone lgii| usane karuNApUrNa yAcanAbhare svara meM candragupta ko sambodhita karate hue kahA - "mitra ! mujhe aisA pratIta ho rahA hai mAno mujhe viSa pilA diyA gayA ho / mere kaNTha avaruddha ho rahe haiM / aba mujha meM bolane kA bhI sAhasa nahIM rahA hai / mere prANa nikalane hI vAle haiM / kRpA kara merA zIghratApUrvaka kuzala vaidyoM se upacAra krvaayo|" candragupta ko sahasA aisA anubhava huA mAno usa para anabhra-vajrapAta huprA ho / vaha har3abar3A kara apane sthAna se uThA aura - "kahAM haiM mAntrika ! kahAM haiM vaidya !" kahatA huA svayaM dvAra kI ora bhaagaa| cANakya ne isa prakAra har3abar3A

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mauryavaMza kA abhyudaya] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : Arya sthUlabhadra 435 kara daur3ate hue candragupta ko ekAnta meM rokA aura usake kAna meM kahane lagA"candragupta! tuma mahAn bhAgyazAlI ho, binA upacAra ke hI tumhArA prANahArI roga svataH zAnta ho rahA hai| parvataka kI mRtyu tumhAre liye varadAna siddha hogii| Age cala kara eka na eka dina tumheM isa parvataka ko mAra DAlane ke liye bar3A prayAsa karanA par3atA / yaha rAjanIti kA aTala siddhAnta hai ki apane Adhe rAjya ke adhikArI ko jo mArane meM pahala nahIM karatA vaha eka na eka dina svayaM hI mRtyu kA grAsa bana jAtA hai / tumheM to ise eka na eka dina mAranA hI thaa| Aja yaha tumhAre dvArA binA kisI prakAra kA prayAsa kiye hI svayaM mara rahA hai, to ise marane do / apane isa bhAgyodaya ko mauna dhAraNa kara cupacApa dekhate rho|" apane bhAgyavidhAtA cANakya kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karane kA sAhasa candragupta meM nahIM thaa| antatogatvA viSakanyA ke viSAkta prAraNahArI pasIne ke prabhAva se parvataka paMcatva ko prApta huaa| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 215 meM jisa varSa ki prAcArya sthalabhadra kA svargavAsa hA, usI varSa nandavaMza kA anta, parvataka kA prANAnta aura pATaliputra ke vizAla sAmrAjya tathA parvataka ke rAjya para candragupta maurya kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| candragupta ke rAjyArohaNa-kAla ke sambandha meM matamada candragupta maurya ne cANakya kI sahAyatA se vIra nirvANa saMvat 215 meM nanda rAjavaMza kA anta kara pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra kiyA, yaha jainoM kI prAcIna kAla se mAnyatA calI A rahI hai| isa mAnyatA kI puSTi jaina paramparA ke prati prAcIna grantha 'titthogAliyapaiNNA' ke nimnalikhita ullekha se hotI hai : jaM rayariMga kAlagako arihA titthaMkaro mhaaviiro| taM rayariNamavaMtIe abhisitto pAlo rAyA / / pAlaga raNNo saTTI, paraNapaNasayaM viyAriNa gaMdANaM / muriyANamaTThisayaM tIsA puNa pUsamittANaM // arthAt jisa rAtri meM tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa prApta kiyA, usI rAtri meM pAlaka rAjA kA avantI ke rAjya siMhAsana para abhiSeka huprA / pAlaka kA 60 varSa taka, tadanantara nandoM kA 155 varSa taka, nandoM ke pazcAt mauryoM kA 108 varSa taka aura tadanantara puSyamitra kA 30 varSa taka rAjya rhaa| kAlAntara meM : evaM ca zrI mahAvIra mukta varSazate gate / paMcapaMcAzadadhike candragupto'bhavannRpaH / / 336 / / prAcArya hemacandra dvArA apane pariziSTa parva meM ullikhita isa zloka ke AdhAra para dUsarI navIna mAnyatA pracalita haI ki vIra ni0 saM0 155 meM nanda

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436 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [candragupta vi0 matabheda vaMza kA anta kara candragupta maurya ne pATaliputra ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kiyaa| para tathyoM kI kasauTI para kase jAne ke pazcAt yaha navIna mAnyatA kharI nahIM utarI aura itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ne spaSTa rUpa se yaha kaha diyA ki hemacandrAcArya kI gaNanA meM asAvadhAnI se pAlaka ke rAjya ke 60 varSa chUTa gaye haiN|' prAcArya hemacandra dvArA rAjatvakAla gaNanA meM huI isa bhUla ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa kAla meM bhI 60 varSa kA antara AtA thA ataH vidvAnoM dvArA isa sambandha meM gahana khoja kI gaI aura usa khoja ke pariNAmasvarUpa yaha tathya vidvAnoM ke samakSa AyA ki mahArAjA kumArapAla kA kAlaM dete samaya prAcArya hemacandra ne pAlaka ke rAjyakAla ke 60 varSoM ko kAlagaNanA meM sammilita kara liyA hai| yathA : asminnirvANato varSazatAnyamaya SoDaza / navaSaSTizca yAsyanti, yadA tatra pure tadA // 45 // kumArapAlabhUpAlo caulukyakulacandramAH / / bhaviSyati mahAbAhuH, pracaNDAkhaNDazAsanaH / / 46 / / [triSaSTi zalAkA pu0 ca0, parva 10, sarga 12] prAcArya hemacandra ke isa kathana ke anusAra kumArapAla vI0 ni0 saM0 1666 meM huyA aura yaha nirvivAda rUpa se mAnA jAtA hai ki rAjA kumArapAla I0 san 1142-43 meM harA / isa prakAra hemacandrAcArya ne bhI mahAvIra nirvANakAla (vI0 ni0 saM0 1666-1142) I0 pUrva 527 mAna kara titthogAliyapaiNNA meM dI gaI kAlagaNanA ko tathyapUrNa mAnA hai| isa prakAra ke puSTa pramANoM ke uparAnta bhI kucha vidvAn "paNa paNa sayaM viyAriNa gaMdANaM" isa gAthApada kA yaha asaMgata artha lagA kara ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 155 meM nandavaMza kA anta hA- yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta karate haiM ki candragupta maurya vIra ni0 saM0 155 meM rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huaa| candragupta maurya ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 215 meM nanda rAjyavaMza kA anta kara rAjyArohaNa kiyA athavA vI0 ni0 saM0 155 meM, yaha eka bahuta bar3A aitihAsika prazna hai / isase na kevala jaina itihAsa para apitu Aja se lagabhaga 2300 varSa pahale ke bhAratavarSa ke itihAsa para bhI prabhAva par3atA hai ataH yahAM nanda aura candragupta maurya ke samaya kI mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai| IsA pUrva maI 327 se IsA pUrva maI 324 taka lagAtAra tIna varSa taka bhAratavarSa para alekjeNDara kA aAkramaNa rahA / alekjeNDara dvArA bhArata meM niyukta adhikAriyoM dvArA likhe gaye yuddha ke saMsmaraggoM evaM vibhinna anya tathyoM ke prAdhAra 1 Hemchandra must have omitted by oversight to count the period of 60 ycars of king Palaka after Mahaveera, Epitome of Jainism Appendix A, PIVI

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candragupta vi0 matabheda] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhadra para yUropIya lekhakoM ne bhArata para alekjeNDara ke AkramaNakAla kI ghaTanAoM ke vivaraNa samaya-samaya para apanI kRtiyoM meM diye haiN| unase yaha nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha hotA hai ki sikandara ke AkramaNa ke samaya candragupta videzI AkrAntA se deza kI rakSArtha lar3A thA aura usa samaya taka magadha para nanda kA rAjya thaa| una yUropIya lekhakoM meM se cAra lekhakoM kI racanAoM meM se etadviSayaka kucha uddharaNa yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : (1) IsA se 36 varSa pUrva taka jIvita DiyoDorasa ne megasthanIja kI. racanAoM ke AdhAra para likhA hai : "porasa ne sikandara ko sUcanA dI ki gaMgAdirAI kA rAjA (nanda) bilkula duzcaritra zAsaka hai, jisakA koI sammAna nahIM karatA aura use loga nAI kI saMtAna samajhate haiN|" (2) IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI ke yUropIya lekhaka karTiyasa ne likhA hai : "porasa (bhAratIya rAjA jise sikandara ne jhelama kI lar3AI meM parAjita kiyA aura jo usa samaya usa pradeza kA sabase mahAn vyakti thA) ne sikandara ko batAyA ki vartamAna rAjA (nanda) na kevala aisA AdamI hai jisakI mUlataH koI pratiSThA nahIM thI balki usakI sthiti nIcatama thI / usakA pitA vAstava meM nAI thA, jo corI chipe rAnI kA premI bana gayA aura usane chala se rAjA kA vadha karavA diyaa| phira rAjakumAroM ke abhibhAvaka ke rUpa meM kAma karane ke bahAne usane sArI sattA apane hAtha meM kara lI aura sAre alpavayaska rAjakumAroM kI hatyA karavA dI, usake bAda usake saMtAna huI jo vartamAna rAjA hai / jisase usakI prajA ghRNA karatI hai yA use zUdra samajhatI hai|" (3) lagabhaga 45 se 125 I0 san meM hue plUTArka nAmaka lekhaka ne apanI "lAivsa" (jIvaniyAM) nAmaka racanA ke 57veM se 67veM adhyAyoM meM sikandara ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ko dete hue likhA hai : __ "saiMDrokoTTasa (candragupta) jo usa samaya navayuvaka hI thA, svayaM sikandara se milA thA aura bAda meM vaha kahA karatA thA ki sikandara bar3I AsAnI se pUre deza para (gaMgAdirAI tathA prAsAI deza para, jisa para nanda rAjA kA zAsana thA) adhikAra kara sakatA thA kyoMki vahAM kA rAjA svabhAvataH duSTa thA aura usakA janma nIca kula meM huA thA aura isIliye usakI prajA use ghRNA tathA tiraskAra kI dRSTi se dekhatI thii|" (4) IsA kI dUsarI zatI meM hue yUropIya lekhaka jasTina kI racanA "epiToma" (sArasaMgraha) kA etadviSayaka uddharaNa avikala rUpa se pahale diyA jA cukA hai, jisameM usane spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki candragupta ne DAkUtroM kA dala saMgaThita kara ke bhAratavAsiyoM meM yUnAnI zAsana ke viruddha vidroha kI Aga bhar3akAI tathA vaha yuddha ke maidAnoM meM eka jaMgalI hAthI para savAra ho kara yUnAniyoM

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438 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [candragupta vi0 matabheda se lar3atA rhaa| usane yUnAnI zAsana ko bhArata se samApta kara diyA aura vaha svayaM rAjA bana baitthaa| isa prakAra Aja se kramazaH do hajAra, 16 sau, 18 sau aura 17 sau varSa pUrva hae videzI lekhakoM kI kRtiyoM ke upariuddhRta uddharaNoM se yaha pUrNarUpeNa spaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki IsA pUrva 327 se 324 arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 200 se 203 taka kevala candragupta hI nahIM nanda bhI vidyamAna thA aura gaMgA dariyA tathA bhArata ke pUrvI kSetroM para nanda kA zAsana thaa| - videzI lekhakoM kI kRtiyoM meM ina mahatvapUrNa vivaraNoM ke pazcAt aura bhI aneka mahatvapUrNa pramANa milate haiM, jinameM candragupta ko bhArata kA sArvabhauma sattAsampanna zAsaka batAyA gayA hai / yaha to eka nirvivAda tathya hai ki sikandara kI mRtyu ke pazcAt sikandara ke sAmrAjya kA usake senApatiyoM ne paraspara baMTavArA kiyA aura unameM saMgharSa calatA rahA / sikandara ke una senApatiyoM meM se selyUkasa ne sikandara kI mRtyu ke kucha varSa pazcAt IrAna taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| isake pazcAt selyUkasa bhArata kI ora bar3hA aura sikandara dvArA vijita bhAratIya pradezoM para punaH apanA prAdhipatya sthApita karane kA prayAsa karane lgaa| usane aneka bAra bar3I zaktizAlI senA le kara bhArata ke uttarapazcimI bhAga para AkramaNa kiye, kintu usa samaya taka candragupta maurya bhArata meM eka zaktizAlI rAjya kI sthApanA kara cukA thA, ataH candragupta ke samakSa yUnAnI senA eka bAra bhI nahIM Tika sakI aura selyUkasa ko bhArata ke viruddha kiye gaye apane sabhI sainika abhiyAnoM meM hara vAra parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA pdd'aa| candragupta ne I0 pU0 304 meM (nandavaMza kA anta kara rAjA banane ke 8 varSa pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM0 223 meM) selyUkasa ko karArI hAra dI jisake pariNAmasvarUpa selyUkasa ko candragupta ke sAtha saMdhi karanI pdd'ii| videzI lekhaka plUTArka apanI kRti "lAivsa" ke 42veM adhyAya meM isa saMdhi kA ullekha apane DhaMga se isa prakAra karatA hai : ___ "isake kucha hI samaya pazcAt senDrokoTTasa ne jo usI samaya rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA thA, selyUkasa ko 500 hAthI bheMTa kiye aura 6,00,000 kI senA le kara sAre bhArata ko apane adhIna kara liyaa|" ina saba aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke paryAlocana se yaha tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki vIra nirvANa gaMvat 200 meM jaba sikandara ne bhArata para aAkramaNa kiyA to usa samaya deza kI rakSArtha candragupta ne yUnAniyoM se ni0 saM0 204-5 taka lohA liyaa| yUnAnI zAsana ko bhArata se samApta karane ke pazcAt candragupta ne cANakya ke navAvadhAna meM zaktizAlI senA kA maMgaThana karanA prArambha kiyaa| dhanananda jaise zaktizAlI rAjA me yuddha karane ke liye eka maNakta senA mugaThita karane meM paryApta samaya lagA hogaa| mainya saMgaThana ke pazcAt candragupta ne pATalIputra para AkramaNa

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candragupta vi. matabheda) dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM sthUlabhadra kiyA, para usa prathama yuddha meM nanda ne usakI senA ko naSTa kara diyaa| apanI bhayaMkara parAjaya ke pazcAt candragupta aura cANakya ko jaMgaloM aura pahAr3oM meM chupa-chupa kara apane prANoM kI rakSA karate hue kAphI samaya taka idhara se udhara bhaTakanA pdd'aa| tatpazcAt candragupta aura cANakya ne naye sire se punaH senA saMgaThita kii| sainya saMgaThana ke pazcAt cANakya ne rAjA parvataka se mitratA kI mora use nanda ke rAjya para prAkramaNa karane ko yena-kena-prakAreNa sahamata kiyaa| parvataka kI sahAyatA prApta karane ke pazcAt candragupta ne dUsarI bAra nanda para pAkramaNa kiyA aura isa yuddha meM candragupta ne nanda rAjavaMza kA anta kara pATalIputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra kiyaa| ina saba ati duSkara kAryoM ko sampanna karane meM candragupta ko nizcita rUpa se 10 varSa avazya lage hoNge| isa prakAra vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 215 meM nandavaMza ke anta aura maurya sAmrAjya ke prArambha ke jo ullekha jaina vAGmaya meM upalabdha hote haiM, ve uparilikhita aitihAsika tathyoM kI kasauTI para zatapratizata khare utarate haiN| candragupta ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 215 meM nanda rAjavaMza ko samApta kara maurya rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI; isa aitihAsika tathya kI puSTi azoka ke 13veM zilAlekha se bhI hotI hai| prazoka ke sabhI abhilekhoM para usake rAjyAbhiSeka ke pazcAta bIte hue varSoM ke anukrama se tithiyAM DAlI gaI haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke do varSa pazcAt likhe gaye abhilekha para do, pAMca varSa pazcAta likhe gaye abhilekha para 5 aura 13 varSa pazcAt likhe gaye abhilekha para 13 kI saMsthA likhI gaI hai / isa prakAra azoka ke jisa abhilekha para jo saMkhyA likhI gaI hai, vaha usake rAjyAbhiSeka ke usI saMkhyA vAle varSa meM likhA gayA hai| pazoka ke 13veM rAjyavarSa meM jo terahavAM zilAlekha likhA gayA usakA bhAratIya itihAsa meM tithikrama kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A mahatva hai| isa 13veM zilAlekha meM azoka ne yUnAna ke una pAMca sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinake sAtha prazoka ne apane ziSTamaMDaloM ke mAdhyama se maitrIpUrNa sambandha sthApita kara rakhe the| una pAMcoM yUnAnI rAjAoM ke nAma unake itihAsasammata rAjyakAla ke sAtha yahAM diye jA rahe haiM : 1. maMtiyoka - bebilona tathA IrAna kA rAjA aiMTiyokasa, dvitIya thiyosa, 261-246 I0pU0 2. turamaya - misra kA rAjA tolemAiyasa, dvitIya philADelphosa, 285 247 I0pU0 3. pratikini - makadUniyAM kA rAjA aiMTigonasa gonATasa, 277-240 4. maka - sAirIna kA rAjA magasa, 300-250 I0 pU0 (bailokha tathA gaibera ke anusAra)

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ candragupta vi0 matabheda 5. pralikasundara - epirasa kA alekjeNDara, ( I0 pU0 255 taka jIvita ) / ' azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya ke sambandha meM isa granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM batAyA jA cukA hai ki usakA rAjyAbhiSeka I0 pU0 266 meM huA / isa hisAba se azoka kA yaha terahavAM zrabhilekha I0 pUrva 256 meM likhA gayA / Upara batAye hue pAMcoM yUnAnI rAjA isa abhilekha ke lekhana - samaya meM jIvita the yaha unake sAmane dI huI tithiyoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai / 440 vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 215 arthAt I0 pU0 312 meM candragupta ne nandavaMza ko samApta kara usake rAjya para adhikAra kiyA / 312 I0 pUrva candragupta ke rAjyAsIna hone ke kAla aura 266 I0 pU0 azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka kAla meM 43 varSa kA antara rahA / isameM se 18 varSa candragupta kA aura 25 varSa bindusAra kA milAkara kula 43 varSa kA ina donoM kA zAsanakAla ho gayA / ina sava prabala pramAraNoM se pUrNarUperaNa yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki jaina mAnyatAnusAra candragupta ne vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 215 tadanusAra I0 pU0 312 meM nanda rAjavaMza ko samApta kara pATalIputra meM maurya rAjavaMza kI sthApanA kI / prAyaM sthUlabhadra kA ziSya-parivAra Arya sthUlabhadra kA ziSya parivAra yoM to bar3A vizAla thA para una ziSyoM meM atizaya pratibhAsampanna nimnalikhita do ziSya the : 1. zrAryaM mahAgirI elApatyagotrIya zrIra 2. zrArya suhastI, vAziSThagotrIya zrayaM mahAgiri aura prArya suhastI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtaveM paTTadhara evaM AThaveM prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke pazcAt veM prAcArya prArya mahAgiri aura 10veM prAcArya suhastI hue / 6. zrAyaM mahAgiri mahAgiri kA gotra elApatya thA / AApa 30 varSa gRhastha paryAya meM rahe / zrApakI sAmAnya vrataparyAya 40 varSa, prAcAryakAla 30 varSa, sampUrNa cAritra paryAya 70 varSa aura pUrNa Ayu 100 varSa thI / vIra nirvAraNa saM0 245 meM prApakA svargavAsa huA / 10. prArya suhastI suhastI 30 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue| prApakI sAmAnya vrataparyAya 24 varSa, prAcAryakAla 46 varSa, kula cAritraparyAya 70 varSa aura pUrNa Ayu 100 varSa thii| ApakA gotra vAziSTha thaa| vIra ni0 saM0 261 meM ApakA svargagamana huA / candragupta maurya aura usakA kAla (DA. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI), pR0 71-72 1

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dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI gRhastha jIvana Arya mahAgiri aura suhastI ke mAtA-pitA kauna the aura kahAM ke rahane vAle the, etadviSayaka koI ullekha jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ina donoM ke dIkSita hone se pahale ke jIvana kA kevala itanA hI ullekha milatA hai ki ina donoM ko zaizavAvasthA se hI prAryA yakSA kI dekharekha meM rakhA gyaa| ina donoM kA lAlana-pAlana-zikSaNa prAdi AryA yakSA ke tatvAvadhAna meM huA / kahA jAtA hai ki isI kI smRti ke rUpa meM ina donoM ke nAma se pahale Arya vizeSaNa rakhA gayA para yaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki "Arya" isa vizeSaNa kA prayoga zAstroM meM sudharmA aura jambU ke liye bhI prayukta kiyA gayA hai / ina donoM ne kramaza: 30. 30 varSa kI vaya meM prAcArya sthalabhadra ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kI / Arya mahAgiri kA janma vIra nirvANa saMvat 145 meM aura prArya suhastI kA janma vIra nirvANa saMvat 161 meM huaa| amaraNa-dIkSA Upara diye gaye ina donoM prAcAryoM ke janma, dIkSA, prAcAryakAla aura svargArohaNa ke A~kar3oM ke anusAra Arya mahAgiri kA dIkSAkAla vI0 ni0 saM0 175 aura Arya suhastI kA dIkSAkAla vI0 ni0 saM0 221 mAnA gayA hai| duHSamA zra0 saMghastotrayaMtra ke anusAra ina donoM prAcAryoM kI pUrNAyu sau-sau varSa mAnI gaI hai tathA yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke pazcAt ina donoM prAcAryo kA prAcAryakAla kramazaH 30 aura 46 varSa kA mAnA gayA hai', isase uparivariNata kAla kI puSTi hotI hai| jahAM taka Arya mahAgiri kA sambandha hai, uparokta kAlagaNanA meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotI kintu Upara batAye hue prAMkar3oM ke anusAra Arya suhastI kI dIkSA kA kAla vI0ni0 saM0 221 meM AtA hai; usameM sabase bar3I Apatti yaha pAtI hai ki Arya suhastI ko prAcArya sthUlabhadra kA hastadIkSita ziSya mAnA gayA hai aura AcArya sthUlabhadra vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM hI svargavAsI ho gaye the| aisI sthiti meM AcArya sthUlabhadra ke pAsa vIra ni0 saM0 221 meM unake dIkSita hone kI bAta saMgata aura satya nahIM baitthtii| prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke svargagamanakAla ko 10 varSa pAge sarakA kara isakI saMgati baiThAne kA kucha vidvAnoM kI ora se prayAsa kiyA gayA hai para isa prakAra kI paddhati ko apanAne se to aneka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM kI pramANikatA hI samApta ho jaaygii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Arya suhastI 23 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSita hue hoM aura kisI lipikAra ke pramAda se tevIsa ke sthAna para tIsa kI saMkhyA pracalita ho gaI ho / tevIsa varSa kI avasthA meM inake dIkSita hone kI bAta ko svIkAra kara ' (vIra nirvANa saM0 215 meM prA0 sthUlabhadra ke svargagamana ke pazcAda) ajja mahAgiri tIsaM, majja suhatyINa varisa chAyAlA / [sthavirAvalI]

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442 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zramaNa-dIkSA lene se prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke pAsa vI0 ni0 saM0 214 -15 meM inake dIkSita hone kI saMgati bhI baiTha jAtI hai aura kisI mahAn prAcArya ke prAyuSya ko icchAnusAra .kama yA jyAdA karane kA prayAsa bhI nahIM karanA par3atA / Arya suhastI to zaMzavAvasthA se hI zramaNocita saMskAroM meM DhAle gaye the / aisI sthiti meM unakI praupacArika dIkSA 7 varSa pahale ho athavA pazcAt, usase unake mahAna saMta jIvana meM koI ullekhanIya aMtara nahIM pdd'taa| zramaNa-jIvana vIra nirvANa saM0 175 meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt Arya mahAgiri ne apane guru prAcArya sthUlabhadra kI sevA meM rahate hue daza pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kramaza: 30 aura anumAnataH 23 varSa kI avasthA taka viduSI AryA yakSA ke sAnnidhya meM raha kara una donoM ne nizcita rUpa se ekAdazAMgI kA samIcInarUpeNa adhyayana kara liyA hogA / tadanantara dIkSita hone ke pazcAt Arya mahAgiri ne yAcArya sthalabhadra se 10 pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyaa| Arya suhastI kI dIkSA ke pazcAt prAcArya sthUlabhadra lagabhaga eka varSa taka jIvita rahe, ataH unhoMne grArya suhastI ko pUrvo kA adhyApana prArambha to kara diyA hogA para unake svargagamana ke pazcAt unheM daza pUrvo kA pUrNa adhyApana Arya mahAgiri ne hI kiyA hogA / sambhavataH yahI eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa thA ki Arya suhastI ne jIvana paryanta Arya mahAgiri kA apane guru kI taraha pUrNa sammAna kiyA / ina donoM mahApuruSoM ne kramazaH 40 aura 31 varSa ke apane sAmAnya vrataparyAya ke samaya meM kaThora tapazcaraNa, niraticAra vizuddha saMyamapAlana evaM sthavira zramaNoM kI sevA zuzrUSA ke sAtha-sAtha anavarata abhyAsa aura pUrNa niSThA ke sAtha jJAnArjana kiyaa| ye donoM mahAzramaNa do vastu kama 10 pUrvo ke pUrNa jJAtA the| prAcArya-pada vIra nirvANa saMvat 215 meM apane svargagamana ke samaya prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne apane ina donoM suyogya ziSyoM-Arya mahAgiri aura Arya sahastI- ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AThaveM paTTadhara-pada para prAcArya niyukta kiyaa| prAyaH kalpasUtra sthavirAvaLI, pariziSTa parva, vibhinna paTTAvaliyAM mAdi sabhI upalabdha prAcIna evaM arvAcIna granthoM meM prAcArya sthUlabhadra dvArA prArya mahAgiri aura suhastI - ina donoM ko sAtha-sAtha AcArya pada pradAna kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| para yaha vastutaH vicAraNIya hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki Arya suhastI prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke pAsa dIkSita hokara saMbhavataH ekAdazAMgI kA abhyAsa bhI pUrNa nahIM kara pAyeM hoMge ki sthUlabhadra svAmI svargastha ho gye| prArya suhastI kA pUrva zruta kA abhyAsa Arya mahAgiri ke sAnidhya meM unhIM kI kRpA se pUrNa huA, jaisA ki pariziSTa parvakAra ne svayaM prArya suhastI. ke

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prAcArya-pada] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya mahAgiri-suhastI mukha se prArya mahAgiri ke liye kahalavAyA hai - "mamaite guravaH khalu" - 'ye mere guru haiM / aisI sthiti meM vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM svalpa dIkSAkAla vAle Arya suhastI ko prAcArya sthUlabhadra dvArA mahAgiri ke sAtha prAcArya pada para niyukta kiye jAne kI bAta pUrNa saMgata pratIta nahIM hotii| ina saba tathyoM ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina donoM ko eka sAtha AcAryapada para niyukta kiye jAne ke ullekha ke pIche koI na koI viziSTa sthiti athavA kAraNa abazya honA caahie| etadviSayaka sabhI tathyoM ke samyak paryAlocana se yaha adhika saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki prArya mahAgiri ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta karate samaya prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne apane viziSTa jJAna se prArya suhastI ko zAsana saMcAlana meM vizeSa kuzala evaM pratibhAzAlI samajhakara Arya suhastI ko kAlAntara meM prAcAryapada pradAna karane kA unheM (mahAgiri ko) Adeza diyA ho / saMbhavataH isI tathya ko lakSya meM rakhakara Arya mahAgiri aura prArya suhastI - ina donoM kI ziSya-paramparAoM kA guru-paramparA ke rUpa meM sthUlabhadrasvAmI ke sAtha sIdhA sambandha jor3ane kI dRSTi se ina donoM ko eka sAtha prAcArya sthUlabhadra kA paTTadhara batAyA gayA ho| isake atirikta dUsarI sthiti yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki viziSTa zrutapara aura ziSyasampadA sampanna hone para bhI ina donoM prAcAryoM kI sAdhu paramparAeM vAtsalya bhAva se eka hI vyavasthA meM rahI hoM aura vIra ni0 saM0 215 se 245 taka jaba ki Arya mahAgiri yugapradhAna prAcArya rahe, usa kAla meM bhI pIche cala kara Arya mahAgiri ne vAcanA ke atirikta vyavasthAkArya prArya suhastI ko saMbhalA rakhA ho| saMbhava hai isa kAraNa se bhI Arya suhastI ko Arya mahAgiri ke sAtha AcAryapada para niyukta kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA ho| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke pazcAt prAcArya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI ke AcArya hone kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai tathApi yaha dekha kara bar3A Azcarya hotA hai ki cUNikAra jinadAsa mahattara ne nizItha cUriNa meM prAyaH sabhI prAcIna granthoM, paTTAvaliyoM evaM paramparAgata mAnyatA se pUrNarUpeNa bhinna ullekha kiyA hai| cUriNakAra jinadAsa mahattara ne prArya mahAgiri aura suhastI donoM ko prAcArya sthUlabhadra ke yugapradhAna ziSya evaM prArya mahAgiri ko jyeSTha mAnate hue bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai ki prAcArya sthUlabhadra ne prArya mahAgiri ko apanA gaNa na dekara prArya suhastI ko diyaa| aisA hone para bhI Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI eka sAtha hI vicaraNa karate rhe|' 'bhUlabhahassa jugappahANA do sIsA - prajja mahAgiri ajja suhatthI ya / ajja mahAgirI jettttho| ajja suhatthI tassa stttthiyro|| thUlabhaddasAmiNA ajja suhatyissa niyamo gaNo dinnnno| tahAvi ajja mahAgiri prajja suhatthI ya pItivaseraNa ekkayo viharaMti / [nizItha sUtra bhASya cUriNa sahita, 2 vibhAga, u0 5, pR0 361]

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444 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArya-pada nandI sUtra kI cUNi' pArya mahAgiri aura suhastI kI prAcArya-paramparAoM ke pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa meM astitva kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai phira bhI nizItha cUNikAra ne prArya mahAgiri ko prAcArya na mAnakara kevala Arya suhastI ko hI sthUlabhadra svAmI dvArA gaNa samhalAye jAne kI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI hai, isake pIche unakA kyA uddezya hai - yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra kI sthiti meM sahaja hI aneka prazna uTha sakate haiN| kyA Arya mahAgiri prAcArya nahIM the ? yadi the to kisa gaNa ke, sthUlabhadra svAmI dvArA gaNa diye jAne ke samaya taka prArya suhastI 10 pUrvo ke jJAtA ho cuke the athavA usake pazcAt hue ? yadi usake pazcAt hue to unhoMne 10 pUrvo kA jJAna kina se prApta kiyA aura taba taka gaNa ke prAcArya kauna rahe Adi aneka prazna spaSTa nirNaya kI apekSA rakhate haiN| ina saba praznoM kA samucita samAdhAna Arya mahAgiri ko AcArya mAnane para hI ho sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha saMbhava hai ki cUNikAra ne pazcAdvartI kisI matabheda se prabhAvita hokara nizIthacUriNa meM isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA ho / ina donoM prAcAryoM ke prAcAryakAla meM jaina dharma kA bhAratavarSa ke sudUra pradezoM meM pracAra evaM prasAra huaa| yoM to prAcArya bhadrabAhu ke ziSya godAsa se nikale hue godAsagaNa kI tAmraliptikA, koTivarSikA, puNDravarddhanikA Adi zAkhAeM kramazaH dakSiNa baMgAla ke tatkAlIna prasiddha bandara tAmralipti, pazcimI baMgAla ke koTivarSa nagara aura uttarI baMgAla kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI puNDravarddhana meM phaila cukI thIM kintu phira bhI jaina paramparA kA pradhAna kendra mukhyataH magadha pradeza hI rahA / ina donoM prAcAryoM ke samaya meM avantI pradeza kA bhI jaina paramparA ke eka sudRr3ha kendra ke rUpa meM AvirbhAva huA / 11 aMga aura 10 pUrvo ke viziSTa abhyAsI ina donoM prAcAryoM ne jaina paramparA ko utkarSa kI eka ullekhanIya sImA taka pahuMcA diyaa| __ina mahAn AcAryoM ke zAnta, dAnta, tapaHsvAdhyAyapUta Adarza zramaraNa-jIvana se zramaNoM tathA anya sAdhakoM ne mahatI preraNA prApta kI aura apane jIvana ko ujjvala aura Adarza banAye rkhaa| prArya mahAgiri kI viziSTa sAdhanA Arya mahAgiri ne apane aneka ziSyoM ko AgamoM kI vAcanAeM dekara unheM ekAdazAMgI kA niSNAta vidvAn bnaayaa| tadanantara unhoMne apanA gaccha bhI prArya suhastI ko saMbhalA diyA aura gaccha kI nezrAya meM rahate hue ucchinna jina' suhatthissa suThThita - supaDibuddhAdo prAvalIte jahA dasAsu tahA bhAriNatanvA, ihaM tehiM ahigAro gatthi, mahAgirissa pAvalIe adhikaaro| [naMdI cUNi, pR0 8 puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita]

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445 prArya mahA0 kI sAdhanA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI kalpa kA zramaNAcAra pAlana karanA prArambha kiyaa|' Arya mahAgiri ne jinakalpI prAcAra svIkAra karane ke pazcAt bhI gacchavAsa nahIM chodd'aa| unakA vicaraNa to Arya mahastI aura apane zramaNoM ke sAtha hI hotA thaa| kintu ve bhikSATana ekAkI hI karate aura nirjana ekAnta sthAna meM ekAkI hI dhyAnamagna rhte| unhoMne yaha ghora abhigraha kiyA ki jo rUkhA-sUkhA-bAsI anna gRhasthoM dvArA bAhara pheMkane yogya hogA, bhikSA meM usI anna ko ve grahaNa kreNge| vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue prArya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI eka samaya apane zramaNasamUha ke sAtha pATaliputra pdhaare| vahAM para vasubhUti nAmaka eka ati samRddha zreSThI ne prArya suhastI ke upadeza se prabuddha ho zrAvakadharma aMgIkAra kiyA / zreSThI vasubhUti ne apane parivAra ke saba sadasyoM ko jinaprarUpita dharma kI mahattA samajhAte hue jaina dharmAvalambI banAne kA bahuta prayAsa kiyaa| jaba vasubhUti ne dekhA ki vaha unheM dharma ke gUr3ha tatva ko saMtoSajanaka DhaMga se nahIM samajhA pA rahA hai to usane prArya suhastI se prArthanA kI ki ve usake ghara padhAra kara usake parivAra ke logoM ko dharma kA sahI svarUpa smjhaaveN| zreSThI vasubhUti kI prArthanA svIkAra kara Arya sahastI vasubhUti ke ghara jAkara usake parivAra ke sadasyoM ko dharma kA vAstavika svarUpa samajhAkara unheM jinadharmAnurAgI banAne lge| jisa samaya Arya suhastI upadeza de rahe the usI samaya Arya mahAgiri bhikSArtha bhramaNa karate hue zreSThI vasubhUti ke nivAsasthAna para pdhaare| Arya mahAgiri ko dekhate hI Arya suhastI ne prAsana se uThakara bar3e vinaya ke sAtha unheM vandana-namana kiyaa| ___mahAgiri ke lauTa jAne para zreSThI vasubhUti ne prArya suhastI se pUchA - "guruvara ! Apa to vizvavaMdya haiN| kyA Apake bhI koI guru haiM jo Apane abhI yahAM Aye hue munirAja ko vandana kiyA ?" Arya suhastI ne kahA- "zroSThimukhya ! ve mahAn tapasvI mere guru haiN| grahasthoM dvArA bAhara pheMke jAne yogya anna ko hI ve bhikSA meM grahaNa karate haiN| yadi isa prakAra kA tyAjya anna bhikSA meM na mile to ve upavAsa para upavAsa karate rahate haiN| vastutaH unakA nAma nirantara raTane yogya aura caraNaraja mastaka para car3hAne yogya hai|" ' mahAgirinijaM gacchamanyadAdAtsuhastine / vihartuM jinakalpena tveko'bhUnmanasA svayam // 3 // vyucchedAjjinakalpasya gacchanizrAsthito'pi hi / jinakalpAhayA vRtyA vijahAra mahAgiriH // 4 // [pariziSTa parva, sarga 11] suhastI smAha bho ! zreSThinmamaite guravaH khalu / tyAgAhabhaktapAnAdibhikSAmAdadate sadA / / 13 / / IdRgbhikSAzanA yete'parathA syurupoSitAH / sugRhItaM ca nAmaiSAM vanyaM pAdarajo'pi hi // 14 // [pariziSTa parva, sarga 11]

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446 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [Arya mahA0 kI sAdhanA tadanantara zreSThiparivAra ko pratibodha dekara prArya sahastI apane sthAna para lauTa gye| zreSThI vasUbhUti ne apane ghara ke saba logoM ko samajhA diyA ki ve muni jaba kabhI isa ghara meM bhikSArtha AyeM to unheM yaha abhivyakta karate hue bhikSA meM samucita bhojya sAmagrI deM ki bhagavan ! yaha saba kucha hama bAhara DAla rahe the| dUsare dina prArya mahAgiri bhikSArtha zreSThI vasubhUti ke ghara padhAre to zreSThI ke bhRtyoM evaM parijanoM ne vipula bhojana sAmagrI ko tyAjya batAte hue unheM bhikSA meM denA caahaa| mahAtapasvI mahAgiri ne jJAnopayoga se samajha liyA ki vaha bhikSA unake abhigraha ke anusAra vizuddha aura nirdoSa nahIM hai ataH ve binA bhikSA grahaNa kiye hI zreSThI ke ghara se lauTa gye| tatkAlIna zramaNasaMgha meM prAcArya mahAgiri kA sthAna sarvocca mAnA jAtA rahA hai| ve pUrvajJAna ke viziSTa abhyAsI hone ke sAtha-sAtha vizuddha AcAra ke bhI sabala samarthaka evaM poSaka the| unheM AhAra, vihAra evaM saMyama meM svalpamAtra bhI zithilatA sahya nahIM thii| jaba unhoMne zreSThI vasubhUti kI dharmabhakti aura rAgavaza sadoSa AhAra dene kI pravRtti dekhI to unhoMne eka dina Arya suhastI se kahA"suhastin ! kala tumane zreSThiparivAra ke samakSa mere prati vinaya pradarzita kara vahAM mere liye aneSaNA kI sthiti paidA kara dii| tumhAre mukha se prazaMsA sunakara una logoM ne Aja mujhe bhikSA meM dene hetu bhojana parityakta ke rUpa meM sajA rakhA thaa|" Arya suhastI ne Arya mahAgiri ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakhate hue kSamAyAcanA kI aura kahA - "bhagavan ! bhaviSya meM maiM aisA kabhI nahIM kruuNgaa|" isa prakAra ucchinna jinakalpa ke anusAra sAdhucaryA kA pAlana karate hue Aryagiri ne aneka varSoM taka bar3I ugra tapasyAeM karake apane samaya meM eka ucca koTi ke zramaNajIvana kA mApadaNDa sthApita kiyaa| ve apane samaya ke advitIya cAritraniSTha aura uccakoTi ke zramaNazreSTha the| anta meM ve elakaccha (dazArNapura) ke pAsa gajAgrapada nAmaka sthAna para padhAre aura vahAM unhoMne anazana kara vIra nirvANa saM0 245 meM 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| mArya mahAgirikAlIna rAjavaMza yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki Arya sthUlabhadra ke prAcAryakAla ke antima dinoM meM (vIra ni0 saM0215 meM) maurya rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya humA / Arya mahAgiri ke prAcAryatvakAla meM isa rAjavaMza ke prathama rAjA candragupta maurya ne apane preraNAsrota mahAmAtya cANakya ke parAmarzAnusAra aneka varSoM taka videzI aura prAntarika rAjasattAoM ke sAtha saMgharSarata rahate hue samasta bhArata ko apane sudRr3ha zAsanasUtra meM bAMdha kara eka sArvabhauma sattAsampanna, sazakta evaM vizAla sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| usane kAbula aura kandhAra se bhI yUnAnI vijetA selyUkasa ko khader3a kara una pradezoM ko vRhattara bhArata kI rAjyasImA meM sammilita kiyaa|

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prArya mahA0 rAjavaMza] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI 447. aneka prAcIna granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki jisa samaya candragupta maurya pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna huyA usa samaya vaha jaina dharmAvalambI nahIM thaa| para cANakya ne aneka yuktiyoM se jaina dharma aura jaina zramaNoM kI mahattA siddha kara candragupta ko jaina dharmAvalambI bnaayaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa Age cala kara candragupta jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha AsthA rakhane vAlA parama zraddhAlu zrAvaka bana gayA aura usane jina-zAsana kI ullekhanIya sevAeM kii| kahIM koI SaDyantrakArI dhokhe se viSa Adi ke prayoga dvArA candragupta kI hatyA na kara de, isa dRSTi se dUradarzI cANakya ne candragupta ko pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna karane ke pazcAt zanaiH zanaiH bhojya padArthoM ke sAtha prati svalpa mAtrA meM viSa khilAnA prArambha kara diyA thA / anupAta se bar3hAyA gayA vaha prANahArI viSa candragupta ke liye amRtatulya paramAvazyaka pauSTika auSadha kA kAma karane lgaa| anukramazaH isa prakAra candragupta ke pratidina ke bhojana meM viSa kI mAtrA itanI adhika bar3hA dI gaI ki yadi candragupta ke liye bane usa bhojana meM se koI dUsarA vyakti thor3A sA aMza bhI khA letA to usake liye vaha viSamizrita bhojana tatkAla prANApahArI siddha ho jAtA thaa| __ bindusAra kA janma eka dina maurya samrATa candragupta jisa samaya bhojana kara rahe the, usI samaya gabhiraNI rAjamahiSI vahA~ upasthita huii| mahArAnI ne candragupta ke sAtha bhojana karane kI icchA abhivyakta kii| candragupta ne jyoM-jyoM niSedha kiyA, tyoM-tyoM rAjamahiSI kA haThAgraha bar3hatA hI gayA aura antatogatvA mahArAnI ne candragupta ke thAla meM se thor3I sI bhojya sAmagrI jhapaTa kara apane muMha meM rakha hI lii| viSAkta bhojana ne tatkAla apanA prabhAva dikhAyA aura dekhate hI dekhate mahArAnI mUddhita ho pRthvI para gira pdd'ii| tatkSaNa rAjaprAsAda meM sarvatra hAhAkAra vyApta ho gyaa| usI samaya mahAmAtya cANakya ghaTanAsthala para upasthita hue| "aba mahArAnI ke prANa kisI bhI upAya se nahIM bacAye jA sakate"yaha kahate hue cAraNakya ne zalyacikitsikAnoM ko prAdeza diyA ki ve yathAzIghra mahArAnI ke peTa ko cIra kara garbhastha zizu ke prAraNoM kI rakSA kreN| tatkAla zalya kriyA dvArA garbhastha zizu ko garbha se bAhara nikAla liyA gyaa| mAtA dvArA khAye gaye viSAkta bhojana kA bAlaka para koI vizeSa prabhAva nahIM huA thA, kevala usake lalATa para nIle raMga kI bindI kA cinha hI bana pAyA thaa| viSajanya bindI ke kAraNa rAjakumAra kA nAma bindusAra rakhA gyaa| vIra nirvANa saM0 215 se 18 varSa taka bhArata ke bahuta bar3e bhUbhAga para zAsana karane ke pazcAt mauryasAmrAjya kA saMsthApaka maurya samrATa candragupta vIra ni0 saM0 233 meM ihalIlA samApta kara paralokagAmI bnaa|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAma-dvitIya bhAga [bindumAra maurya samrAT bindusAra candragupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra vindumAra bhArata ke niNAla sAmrAjya kA svAmI banA / vibhinna granthoM meM bindumAra ke vibhinna nAma upalabdha hote haiN| vAyupurANa Adi purANagranyoM meM use bhadrasAra evaM vArisAra ke nAma se. mahAvaMza tathA dIpavaMza nAmaka bauddha granthoM meM bindusAra ke nAma se aura yUnAnI abhilekhoM evaM pustakoM meM amitraceTasa aura amitraghAta ke nAma se abhihita kiyA. gayA hai| __ vRhatkalpabhASya ke ullekhAnusAra' samrAT vanane ke pazcAt vindumAra ne apane pitA se prApta sAmrAjya kI sImAoM meM abhivRddhi kI / vaha bar3A nyAyapriMya, dayAlu aura jaina dharma meM AsthA rakhane vAlA prajAvatsala samrAT thaa| apane zAsanakAla meM par3e duSkAla ke samaya meM usane dAnazAlAe~ evaM sArvajanika bhojanaNAlA khola kara apanI duSkAlapIr3ita prajA kI muktahasta ho sahAyatA kii| vindusAra ke darabAra meM selyUkasa ke putra aiMTinokosa prathama kI ora se DAimaikasa nAmaka yUnAna kA eka rAjadUta rahatA thaa| bindusAra kA apara nAma amitraghAta (zatruoM kA saMhAraka) upalabdha hotA hai, isase vidvAnoM dvArA anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki use kAphI samaya taka yuddharata rahanA par3A hogA aura zatruoM para vijaya ke upalakSa meM usane "amitraghAta" kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI hogii| bindusAra ke zAsanakAla.ke antima caraNa meM usake sAmrAjya ke uttara-pazcimI prAnta takSazilA meM vidroha uTha khar3A huyA thaa| usa vidroha ko dabAne ke liye use eka bahuta bar3I senA ke sAtha rAjakumAra prazoka ko bhejanA pdd'aa| cANakya kI mRtyu * chAyA kI taraha apane ananya anugAmI maurya-samrAT candragupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt cANakya ne zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho prAtmakalyANa karane kA nizcaya kiyA thA kintu bindusAra dvArA bArambAra Agraha evaM anunaya-vinaya kiye jAne para usane kucha samaya taka mahAmAtya pada para kArya karanA svIkAra kiyaa| aharniza magadha sAmrAjya ke mahAmAtya pada kI prApti ke svapna dekhane vAmA subandhu nAmaka eka amAtya rAjA, rAjya aura prajA para cAraNakya ke varcasva evaM sarvatomukhI prabhAva ko dekha kara mana hI mana cANakya se jalane lgaa| usane yathAvasara yena-kena-prakAreNa bindusAra ko cANakya ke viruddha bhar3akAnA prArambha kiyA / eka dina subandhu ne bindusAra ke samakSa usakI mAtA kI mRtyu kI ghaTanA kA atiraMjita rUpa meM isa DhaMga se citraNa kiyA ki mAno cANakya ne hI usakI (bindusAra kI mAtA kI) hatyA kI ho / isa prakAra bindusAra ke mastiSka cANakya ke prati manomAlinya utpanna karane meM antatogatvA mubAdhu ko saphalatA 'vRhatkalpabhASya, gAthA 1127 / niNIya bhASya harila, mA. 4. 121

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cANakya kI mRtyu] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI 446 mila gaI / bindusAra ke manogata bhAvoM ko dUradarzI kUTanItijJa cANakya ne tatkAla tAr3a liyA aura vaha saMsAra se virakta ho azana-pAnAdi kA parityAga kara nagara ke bAhara ekAnta sthAna meM dhyAnastha ho gayA / apanI dhAya mAM se vAstavikatA kA bodha hote hI bindusAra ko bar3A pazcAttApa huaa| usane cANakya ke samakSa upasthita ho vAra-bAra kSamAyAcanA karate hue unheM yathAvat mahAmAtya pada kA kAryabhAra samhAlane kI prArthanA kI, para cANakya samagra aihika AkAMkSAoM kA parityAga kara Atmacintana meM lIna ho cuke the; ataH bindusAra ko hatAza ho khAlI hAthoM lauTanA par3A / jaina vADamaya meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki subandhu sevA karane ke bahAne se cANakya ke pAsa rahane lagA aura rAtri meM usane usa kaNDoM ke Dhera meM Aga lagA dI jisa para ki cANakya dhyAnastha baiThe the / cANakya ne Aga se bacane kA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA aura samAdhistha avasthA meM hI svargArohaNa kiyaa| digambara paramparA ke "ArAdhanA"', "hariSeNa kathAkoSa"2 aura "aArAdhanA kathAkoSa'3 Adi granthoM meM cANakya ke dokSita hone, 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha pAdapopagamana saMthArA karane aura subandhu dvArA unheM kaNDoM kI prAga meM jalA DAlane tathA samAdhi maraNa dvArA cANakya ke svargastha hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| "pArAdhanA-kathAkoSa" meM cANakya ke siddha hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha nitAnta bhrAnta dhAraNA kA hI pratiphala pratIta hotA hai| subandhu dvArA kiyA gayA yaha ghRriNata evaM jaghanya aparAdha janasAdhAraNa aura vindusAra se chupA na raha sakA / rAjA evaM prajA dvArA kramazaH apadastha evaM apamAnita kiye jAne ke pazcAt subandhu vikSipta ho gyaa| usakI bar3I durdazA huI aura aneka prakAra ke ghora kaSToM se pIr3ita ho vaha anta meM paMcatva ko prApta huaa| prAcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTa parva meM ullekha kiyA hai ki gRhatyAga se pahale kUTanItijJa cANakya ne subandhu ko usakI kRtaghnatA kA daNDa dene ke liye eka bahuta bar3e sandUka ko aneka tAloM se banda kara apane kozAgAra meM rakha diyaa| kaNDoM ke Dhera meM Aga lagA kara cANakya ko usameM jalatA chor3a subandhu cANakya ke nivAsa sthAna para pahuMcA aura usa sandUka ko dekhate hI harSavibhora ' goThe payogado subadhuNA gobare palividammi / ujjhanto cANakko par3ivaNNo uttamaM ThANaM // 1556 / / [bhArAdhanA] 2 cANakyAkhyo munistatra, ziSyapaMcazataiH saha / pAdopagamanaM kRtvA, zukladhyAnamupeyivAn / / upasarga sahitvemaM subandhuvihitaM tdaa| samAdhimaraNaM prApya, cANakyaH siddhimIyivAn / / [hariSeNa kathAkoSa] 3 pArAdhanA kathAkoSa, zloka 41-42, pR0 310 /

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450 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ cANakya kI mRtyu ho gayA usane yaha soca kara use kholA ki usameM apAra sampatti bharI par3I hogI / para sandUka ke khulate hI usameM se eka tIvra gandha nikalI aura usake prabhAva se subandhu tatkAla nitAnta asthira prakRti kA evaM arddhavikSipta bana gayA / 'zaThe zAThyaM samAcaret' isa ukti kA anusaraNa karate hue cAraNakya ne usa sandUka meM isa prakAra kI prauSadhiyAM rakha dI thIM, jinakI tIvra gandha se mastiSka kI zirAeM sadA ke lie sikur3a jAyaM / cAraNakya bhalI-bhAMti jAnatA thA ki usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt subandhu usakI sampatti para yena-kena-prakAreNa avazya adhikAra karegA / cANakya dvArA calAyA gayA yukti kA tIra ThIka lakSya para lagA aura subandhu aneka prakAra ke kaSToM se pIDita ho bar3I durdazApUrNa sthiti meM kAla kA kavala banA / prAyaM suhastI ke prAcAryakAla kA rAjavaMza vIra ni0 saM0 245 meM Arya mahAgiri ke svargagamana ke pazcAt jisa samaya zrAryaM suhastI prAcArya bane usa samaya maurya samrAT bindusAra ke zAsanakAla kA anumAnataH bArahavAM varSa cala rahA thA / prArya suhastI ke AcAryakAla meM lagabhaga 13 varSa taka bindusAra kA sattAkAla rahA / 25 varSa taka zAsana karane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 258 meM bindusAra paralokavAsI huA / mauryasamrATa azoka prArya suhastI ke prAcAryatvakAla meM bindusAra kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra azoka ( vIra ni0 saM0 258 meM ) ' magadha ke vizAla sAmrAjya kA adhipati banA / upalabdha pramAroM ke AdhAra para aneka itihAsavidoM kI mAnyatA hai ki zoka kA pitA bindusAra tathA pitAmaha candragupta donoM hI jainadharmAvalambI the, ataH azoka bhI prArambha meM jainadharmAvalambI hI thA / apane rAjya ke 8veM varSa ( vIra ni0 saM0 266 ) meM prazoka ne kaliMga para AkramaNa kiyA / kaliMgapati kSemarAja apanI sazakta vizAla senA le kara raNAMgaraNa meM A DaTA / donoM ora se bar3A bhISaNa yuddha huA / kSemarAja ke vIra sainikoM ne kaliMga kI rakSA ke liye bar3I vIratA pUrvaka yuddha kiyA kintu magadha sAmrAjya kI pratiprabala agaNita senA sammukha bhISaNa raktapAta ke pazcAt antatogatvA unheM parAjaya kA mukha dekhanA par3A / kaliMga ke usa yuddha meM Der3ha lAkha sainika bandI banAye gaye, eka lAkha yoddhA mAre gaye tathA isase kahIM adhika yoddhA yuddha meM lage ghAvoM ke phalasvarUpa yuddhasamApti ke pazcAt mara gaye / isa bhISaNa naramedha se ke azoka ke hRdaya para bar3A " gurjarA, rUpanAtha, sahasarAma brahmagiri, siMhapura, govimaTha aura 256 kA aMka ullikhita hai / ise itihAsajJa vIra ni0 saM0 2 maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa kI ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla dvArA likhita bhUmikA / aharorA ke zilAlekhoM para 256 mAnane lage haiM / [sampAdaka ]

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maurya samrAT azoka ] dazapUrvara-kAla : prAyaM mahAgiri - suhastI 451 gaharA AghAta pahuMcA / usane apane 13 veM zilAlekha meM isake liye svayaM ko doSI batAte hue gaharA duHkha prakaTa kiyA hai / prazoka ne dharma vijaya ko apane sAmrAjya kI nIti batAte hue ghoSaNA karavA dI ki aba bhaviSya meM vaha kabhI isa prakAra ke narasaMhAra evaM raktagata dvArA kisI bhI deza para vijaya abhiyAna nahIM karegA / jisa samaya azoka anutApa kI agni meM jala rahA thA usa samaya saMbhavataH vaha bauddha bhikSusaMgha ke prAcArya ke samparka meM AyA aura unase prabhAvita ho kara bauddhadharmAvalambI bana gyaa| bauddha dharma svIkAra karane ke pazcAt azoka ne apanA zeSa jIvana bauddha dharma ke pracAra prasAra aura abhyutthAna meM lagA diyA / usane bhArata ke par3osI dezoM meM dharmapracArakoM ko bheja kara bauddha dharma kA pracAra kiyA; 'yahI nahIM apitu azoka ne apane putra mahendra aura putrI saMghamitrA ko bauddha dharma ke pracAra ke liye bauddha zramaNa zrIra zramaraNI ke rUpa meM dIkSita karavA kara laMkA meM bhejA / azoka ne bauddha dharma ke pracAra ke sAtha-sAtha prajA ke hita ke liye bhI aneka lokakalyANakArI kArya kiye aura aneka zilAlekha utkIrNa karavAye, jinameM janahita kI dRSTi se aneka prakAra kI dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika prajJAeM prasArita kI gaI thIM / ' gahana zodha se pahale adhikAMza itihAsajJoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki mauryakAlIna jitane bhI zilAlekha upalabdha hote haiM, ve prAyaH saba ke saba maurya samrAT azoka dvArA utkIrNa karavAye hue aura bauddha dharma se hI sambandhita haiM kintu aba jyoM-jyoM vidvAn zodhArthiyoM dvArA isa viSaya meM aura adhika gambhIra zodha kI jA rahI hai tyoM-tyoM yaha tathya prakAza meM zrAtA jA rahA hai ki vastutaH mauryakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM candragupta se le kara samprati taka ke sabhI maurya samrAToM ke zilAlekha sammilita haiM aura jina zilAlekhoM ko Aja taka azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke nAma se kevala bauddha dharma se sambandhita zilAlekha samajhA jAtA rahA thA, unameM se katipaya zilAlekha samprati, bindusAra aura candragupta ke evaM jaina dharma se sambandhita bhI haiM / sAranAtha ke stambha ke zIrSa bhAga meM 4 siMha aura una cAroM siMhoM ke Upara dharmacakra utkhanita hai / ise bha0 buddha dvArA sAranAtha meM bauddha dharma ke pravartana kA pratIka mAnA jAtA rahA hai / bha0 buddha ko giranAra ke 13veM abhilekha meM uttama hasti ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| siMha ke cihna kA sambandha buddha ke sAtha utanA saMgata nahIM baiThatA jitanA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA cihna ( lAMchana ) siMha thA aura kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke pazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtha-sAtha siMha kA cihna bhI caturmukhI dRSTigocara hone lagA thA / siMhacatuSTaya para dharmacakra isa bAta kA pratIka hai ki jisa samaya tIrthaMkara vihAra karate haiM, usa samaya dharmacakra nabhamaNDala meM unake Age-Age calatA hai / isa ... aba itihAsa ke aneka vidvAn yaha mAnane lage haiM ki ye sabhI zilAlekha kevala azoka ke hI nahIM apitu candragupta, bindusAra, samprati Adi sabhI maurya samrAToM ke haiN| ina para gahana zodha kI AvazyakatA hai / [sampAdaka ]

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452 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [maurya samrATa azoka prakAra ke aneka tathya haiM, jinake sambandha meM gahana zodha kI AvazyakatA hai / mauryakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM upalabdha priyadarzI aura devAnAMpriya zabda jaina aura bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se vyavahRta hote rahe haiN| isake viparIta kucha vidvAnoM dvArA devAnAMpriya zabda ko bauddha paramparA kA zabda tathA priyadarzI zabda ko azoka kA upanAma mAnA jAtA rahA hai, isa kAraNa bhI aneka bhrAntiyAM huI haiM / ina saba tathyoM ke sambandha meM bhI naye sire se zodhakArya apekSita hai| __yoM to mauryavaMzI sabhI magadha ke samrAT bar3e pratApI, prajAvatsala, nyAyapriya aura dharmaniSTha hue haiM para prema, sauhArda aura saujanya se apane deza ke hI nahIM apitu videzI evaM vijAtIya koTi-koTi logoM ke hRdayoM ko sAmUhika rUpa se jItane kA bhAratIya saMskRti kA jo anupama udAharaNa maurya samrATa azoka ne vizva ke samakSa prastuta kiyA, usa prakAra kA udAharaNa vizva ke itihAsa meM anyatra kahIM khojane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hogaa| bauddha dharma ke pracAra aura prasAra meM maurya samrATa azoka ne jo ullekhanIya kArya kiye haiM, unake kAraNa bauddha dharma ke itihAsa meM azoka kA nAma cirakAla taka pAdara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| 24 varSa taka magadha ke sAmrAjya kA saMcAlana karane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 282 meM maurya samrATa azoka kA dehAvasAna huaa| vauddha granthoM meM azoka kA rAjyakAla 41 varSa batAyA gayA hai| usakI vidvAnoM dvArA isa prakAra saMgati baiThAI jAtI hai ki bindusAra kI mRtyu ke 4 varSa pazcAt azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| tadanantara azoka ne 24 varSa taka samrATa bane raha kara zAsana kiyA aura usake pazcAt apane alpavayaska pautra samprati ko magadha kA samrATa banA kara usake abhibhAvakaH ( Regent ) ke rUpa meM 13 varSa taka sAmrAjya kI bAgaDora ko samhAle rkhaa| tadanantara azoka ne apanA zeSa jIvana saba prapaMcoM kA parityAga kara AtmakalyANa meM vyatIta kiyaa| katipaya itihAsajJoM kI mAnyatA hai ki azoka apane jIvana ke antima cAra varSoM meM punaH jaina dharmAvalambI bana gayA thaa| maurya samrAToM ke sattAkAla ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAoM ke graMthoM meM paryApta matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| "jaina granthoM meM bhI isa sambandha meM do prakAra kI mAnyatAeM abhivyakta kI gaI haiN| pahalI mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra nirvANa saM0 215 meM nandavaMza ke aMta ke sAtha maurya rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI mAnyatA ke anusAra vIra nirvANa saM0 155 meM nanda vaMza ke anta ke sAtha mauryavaMza ke udita hone kA abhimata prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| ____vastutaH dvitIya bhadravAhu ke pAsa dIkSita hue candragupti nAmaka avantI ke kisI rAjA ke dIkSita hone kI ghaTanA ko zrutakevalI bhadravAha aura maurya samrATa candragupta se sambaddha karane ke prayAsa meM hI uparokta dUsarI mAnyatA pracalita kI

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453 maurya samrATa azoka ] dazapUrvadhara kAla : zrArya mahAgiri-suhastI gaI hai / usa sambandha meM pahale vistAra ke sAtha prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai aura mauryakAlIna abhilekhoM evaM sikandarakAlIna lekhakoM ke abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para pAzcAtya lekhakoM ke granthoM ke uddharaNa de kara pramANapurassara yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai ki candragupta maurya vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM nanda vaMza ke prabhutva ko samApta kara pATaliputra ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna huaa| una saba tathyoM ko yahAM punaH doharAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM / se purANoM evaM anya granthoM meM candragupta maurya kA rAjyakAla 24 varSa batAyA. gayA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nanda ko yuddha meM parAjita karane ke dRr3ha nizcaya ke sAtha jaba candragupta ne pATaliputra para prathama vAra AkramaNa kiyA, usa samaya kucha varSa pUrva candragupta paMjAba ke kisI choTe moTe rAjya kA svAmI pravazya vana gayA hogA / binA kisI rAjya kA adhipati hue candragupta pATaliputra jaise sazakta sAmrAjya se yuddha karane kI kisI bhI dazA meM na kSamatA hI prApta kara sakatA thA aura na sAhasa hI kara sakatA thA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nanda vaMza kA anta kara pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna hone se pUrva kA jo candragupta kA kisI choTe-moTe rAjya para sattAkAla rahA usa kAla ko bhI candragupta ke zAsana kAla meM sammilita kara ginA gayA hai / azoka ke pazcAt usakA pautra samprati magadha sAmrAjya kA adhipati vanA / suhastI dvArA samprati ko pratibodha kalpacUriMga meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai ki prArya suhastI jIvita svAmI ko vaMdana karane ke liye eka bAra ujjayinI gae aura ratha yAtrA ke sAtha calate hue ve rAjaprAsAda ke prAMgana meM pahuMce / rAjaprAsAda ke gavAkSa meM baiThe hue rAjA samprati ne jaba unheM dekhA to use aisA anubhava huA ki unheM usane kahIM na kahIM dekhA hai / IhApoha karate hue rAjA samprati ko jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gayA / usane apane sevakoM ko AcArya suhastI ke sambandha meM mAlUma karane kA Adeza diyA ki ve kahAM Thahare hue haiM / apane anucaroM se AcAryazrI ke Thaharane ke sthAna kA patA calane para rAjA samprati unakI sevA meM pahuMcA aura upadeza zravaNa ke pazcAt usane AcAryazrI se prazna kiyA- "bhagavan ! dharma kA phala kyA hai ?" AcAryazrI ne uttara diyA- "rAjan ! avyakta sAmAyika dharma kA phala rAjyapada prApti Adi hai / " " satya kahate haiM bhagavan ! " yaha kahate hue samprati ne prArya muhastI se prazna kiyA- "mahArAja ! kyA Apa mujhe pahicAnate haiM ? jJAnopayoga se samprati ke pUrvajanma ke vRttAnta ko jAna uttara diyA- "tuma mere paricita ho| isase pUrva ke apane bhava kara prAcAryazrI ne maM tuma mere ziSya

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454 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [su0 dvArA sa0 ko prati. the|" tadanantara rAjA samprati pAMca aNuvratadhArI, trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAgI aura zramaNasaMgha kI unnati karane vAlA mahAn prabhAvaka ho gyaa|' nizItha cUNi meM uparokta ghaTanA ke vidizA nagarI meM ghaTita hone kA ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki vidizA meM jIvita svAmI kI rathayAtrA meM prArya suhastIsvAmI ko dekha kara rAjA samprati ko jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gyaa| vaha tatkAla mahaloM se nIce AyA aura prAcArya suhastI ke caraNoM meM gira kara usane prazna kiyA - "bhagavan ! kyA Apa mujhe jAnate haiM ?" prAcArya suhastI ne kucha kSaNa ke liye jJAnopayoga lagA kara socane ke pazcAt kahA - "hAM ! maiM tumheM jAnatA haM, tuma mere pUrva bhava ke ziSya ho|" tadanantara Arya suhastI ne samprati ko usake pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunaayaa| samprati ne zrAvakadharma svIkAra kiyA aura Arya suhastI evaM rAjA samprati meM paraspara ghaniSTa dharmasneha ho gyaa| isI saMdarbha meM Age vidizA ke sthAna para ujjayinI meM Arya suhastI ke sAtha samprati ke milana kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vaha prAcArya suhastI kA upadeza suna kara pravacana kA bhakta aura parama zrAvaka bana gayA.' samprati kA pUrvabhava rAjA samprati ke prazna ke uttara meM usake pUrvabhava kA vRttAnta sunAte hue Arya suhastI ne kahA- "rAjan ! tumhAre isa janma se pUrva kI bAta hai, ekadA vicaraNa karate hue maiM apane zramaNaziSyoM sahita kozAmbI nAmaka nagara meM phuNcaa| usa samaya vahAM duSkAla kA prakopa cala rahA thA ataH sAmAnya logoM ko anna kA darzana taka durlabha ho gayA thaa| zramaNoM ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA evaM bhakti ke kAraNa ito ya prajjasuhatthI ujjeriNa vaMdano Agamo rahAragujjANe ya hiMDato rAulaMgaNapadese ranA mAloyaNagateNa diTTho, tAhe ranno IhApohaM kareMtassa jAisaraNaM jAtaM taha teraNa maNussA bhariNatA paDicaraha pAyarie kahiM Thitatti tehiM paDicariuM kahitaM sirighare ThitA / tAhe tatya gaMtu dhammo NeNa suno, pucchitaM dhammassa kiM phalaM ? 'bhaNitaM avyaktasya tu sAmAiMyassa rAjAti phalaM, so saMmaMto hoti, saccaM bhaNasi ahaM bhe kahiM diTTellamo prAyariyehi uvaunjitaM diThelo tti tAhe so sAvo jAgro paMcANuvayadhArI tasajIvapaDikkamagro pabhAvapro samaNasaMghassa / " [kalpacUNi] ' maNNyA pAyariyA pItIdisaM (?) jiyapaDima vaMdiyaM gtaamo| tatya rahAragujjANe raNNo ghare rahovari aMcati / saMpatiraNNA proloyaNagaeNa ajjasuhatyI diThTho / jAtIsarararNa jAtaM / [nizItha cUriNa, bhA. 2, pR0 362] / ujjeNIe samosaraNe praNujANe rahapurato rAyaMgaNe bahusissa parivAro pAloyaNa ThiteraNa raNA maja suhatyI pAloiyo, taM daLUNa jAti saMbhariyA |...''taahe so pavayaNabhatto parama sAbago jaato| [nizIthacUriNa, bhAga 4, pR0 126]

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samprati kA pUrvabhava] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI 455 zraddhAlu gRhastha unheM bhikSATana ke samaya paryApta mAtrA meM prazanapAnAdi pradAna karate the| eka samaya kozAmbI meM bhikSATana karate hue mere ziSya eka gRhastha ke ghara meM phuNce| unake pIche-pIche eka dIna, hIna, daridra aura bhUkhe bhikSuka ne usa gRhastha ke ghara meM praveza kiyaa| usa gRhastha ne sAdhuoM ko to paryApta rUpeNa bhojana-pAnAdi kA dAna kiyA kintu usa bhikSaka ko usane kucha bhI nahIM diyaa| vaha bhUkhA bhikSuka sAdhuoM ke pIche ho liyA aura unase bhojana kI yAcanA karane lgaa| sAdhunoM ne usase kahA ki ve loga to apane sAdhu AcAra ke anusAra kisI gRhastha ko kucha bhI nahIM de sakate / bhUkha se pIr3ita vaha bhikSuka mere ziSyoM kA anusaraNa karatA huaA mere sthAna para pahuMca gyaa| usane mujhase bhI bhojana kI yAcanA kii| mujhe jJAnopayoga se aisA vidita hA ki agale janma meM yaha bhikSaka.jinazAsana kA pracAra evaM prasAra karane vAlA hogaa| maiMne usase kahA ki yadi tuma zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho jAmo to tumheM hama tumhArI icchAnusAra paryApta bhojana de sakate haiN| bhikSuka ne yaha soca kara ki usakI isa dIna-hIna dukhada avasthA kI tulanA meM to zramaraNa-jIvana ke kaSTa sahanA kaThina nahIM hai, tatkAla mere pAsa zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kara lI / dIkSita ho jAne para vaha hamAre dvArA bhikSA meM prApta bhojana kA adhikArI ho gayA prataH use usakI icchAnusAra bhojana khilAyA gyaa| vastutaH vaha kaI dinoM kA bhUkhA thA ataH usane jI bhara kara svAdiSTa bhojana khaayaa| rAtri meM usa navadIkSita bhikSuka kI udarapIr3A ke kAraNa mRtyu ho gaI aura vaha azoka ke andha rAjakumAra kuNAla ke yahAM putra rUpa se utpanna huaa| rAjan ! tuma vahI bhikSaka ho jo apane isa samprati ke bhava se pahale ke bhava meM mere pAsa dIkSita hue the| yaha saba tumhAre eka divasa ke zramaNajIvana kA phala hai ki tuma bar3e rAjA bane ho|" bamaNasaMdha meM visaMmoga kA prArambha nizItha bhASya, cUNi mAdi granthoM meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM prAcArya sudharmA se sthUlabhadra taka zramaraNasaMgha kA paraspara sAMbhogika vyavahAra prakSuNNa banA rhaa| zramaNasaMgha meM saMbhogaviccheda kI sarvaprathama ghaTanA prArya mahAgiri aura prArya suhastI ke prAcAryakAla meM ghaTita huii| saMbhoga-viccheda kA prArambha kaba, kyoM aura kisake samaya meM prArambha huA, isakA vizada paricaya dete hue nizItha evaM vRhatkalpa-cUriNa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki rAjA samprati dvArA duSkAla ke samaya kholI gaI dAnazAlAoM tathA prasArita kiye gaye udAratApUrNa AdezoM ke kAraNa karmacArI varga evaM prajAjanoM ke mAdhyama se zramaNoM ko bhikSA meM paryApta evaM viziSTa bhojana milatA dekha kara Arya mahAgiri ko ' pariziSTa parva, sarga 11 2 saMbhUyassa thUlabhaddo, thUlabhadaM jAva savvesi ekkasaMbhogo mAsI / [nizItha cUNi, bhA0 2 pR. 360] -

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456 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ visaMbhoga kA prArambha usake rAjapiNDa hone kI zaMkA huI aura unhoMne Arya suhastI se yaha jA~ca karane ye kahA ki kahIM sAdhunoM ko sadoSa AhAra to bhikSA meM nahIM mila rahA hai / suhastI ne binA kisI prakAra kI jAMca kiye hI kaha diyA- "yathA rAjA tathA prajA, mahArAja ! yaha rAjapiNDa nahIM hai / kAraNa ki tailI taila, ghRta vAle ghI, kapar3e vAle vastra aura halavAI bhojya miSTAnna svayaM hI dete haiM / " prArya suhastI kA uttara suna kara prAyaM mahAgiri ne vicAra kiyA - yaha mAyAvI hai, ziSyAnurAga ke kAraNa sadoSa AhAra graharaNa se sAdhuoM ko roka nahIM rahA hai| unheM prArya suhastI para kSobha huA aura unhoMne zrArya suhastI se kahA"Arya ! tumhAre samAna doSAdoSa ke jJAtA bhI apane ziSyoM ke prati rAga ke kAraNa rAjapiNDa kA upabhoga karate haiM, to aisI dazA meM maiM prAja se tumhAre sAtha sAdhvocita bhojanAdi vyavahAra viSayaka sambandhoM kA viccheda karatA hUM / " yaha kaha kara Arya mahAgiri ne prArya suhastI ke sAtha tatkAla sAmbhogika sambandha viccheda kara diyaa| isa prakAra saMyamamArga kI zithilatA dUra karane hetu mahAgiri ko suhastI ke prati upAlambha dete samaya tIkSNa evaM kaTu zabdoM kA bhI prayoga karanA par3A / tadanantara prArya suhastI ne apanA mor3a (rukha) badala kara isake liye pazcAttApa kiyA aura bole - "bhagavan ! bhaviSya meM sadoSa prahAra nahIM liyA jAyagA / " isa para grArya mahAgiri ne usa samaya to prArya suhastI ke sAtha sAMbhogika vyavahAra prArambha kara diyA para kAlAntara meM yaha socate hue ki 'prAyaH mAnavasvabhAva meM mAyA kA bAhulya hai" - unhoMne prArya suhastI ke sAtha sAMbhogika vyavahAra banda hI rkhaa| saMbhogaviccheda ke sandarbha meM prastuta kI gaI ghaTanA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki samprati ke rAjyakAla meM prArya mahAgiri ne suhastI dvArA sadoSa AhAra Adi grahaNa kI pravRtti ko dekha kara unake sAtha saMbhogaviccheda kara diyaa| yahAM para Arya mahAgiri kA samprati ke rAjyakAla meM vidyamAna rahanA batAyA gayA hai para aitihAsika tathyoM ke Aloka meM dekhane para samprati kA mahAgiri ke samaya meM vidyamAna honA pramANita nahIM hotA / mahAgiri ke samaya meM samprati ke vidyamAna na hone ke nimnalikhita aitihAsika pramAraNa gaharAI se vicArane yogya haiM : --- 1. zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra vI0 ni0 saM0 245 meM Arya mahAgiri kA svargavAsa mAnA gayA hai / 2. grArya mahAgiri ke svargagamana ke samaya meM vindusAra kA rAjyakAla thA jo vIra ni0 saM0 258 taka rahA / . ajja mahAgirI uvautto, pAyeNa mAyAbahulA maraguya 'tti kAu visaMbhogaM Thaveti / [ nizIthabhASya, bhA0 2, pR0 362 ( gA0 2154 kI brANa ) ]

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visaMbhoga kA prArambha ] dazapUrvaghara - kAla : zrArya mahAgiri-suhastI 3. vIra ni0 saM0 258 se 283 taka maurya samrAT azoka kA zAsanakAla rahA aura isake pazcAt saMprati kA zAsanakAla prArambha huA / ina aitihAsika tathyoM ke prakAza meM vicAra karane para yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki maurya samrAT samprati kA zAsanakAla vIra ni0 saM0 283 se pUrva kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM ho sakatA / aisI sthiti meM vIra ni0 saM0 245 meM svargastha hue Arya mahAgiri dvArA vIra ni0 saM0 283 ke pazcAdvartI samprati ke zAsanakAla suhastI ke sAtha saMbhogaviccheda kI ghaTanA kA jo nizItha cUriMga Adi meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA / saMbhava hai isa prakAra kI ghaTanA bindusAra ke zAsana kAla meM vIra ni0 saM0 233 se 245 ke bIca meM ghaTita huI ho aura use samprati ke viziSTa praudArya ko dekha kara anumAnabala se samprati ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA ho / tatkAlIna ghaTanAkrama ke paryavekSaraNa se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki sAdhAraNatayA apane samasta zAsanakAla meM aura vizeSataH durbhikSa Adi jaisI saMkaTApanna sthiti meM prajAvAtsalya kI pravRtti mauryavaMzIya rAjAnoM kI vizeSatA rahI hai / bauddha granthoM meM uha ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki bindusAra apane zAsanakAla ke prArambhika varSoM meM pratidina 60 hajAra brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA karatA thA / ' aisI sthiti meM koI prAzcarya kI bAta nahIM ki bindusAra ke zAsanakAla kI ghaTanA kA zruti zrathavA smRti meM kahIM skhalanA ke kAraNa samprati ke zAsana meM ghaTita huI ghaTanA ke rUpa meM ullekha kara diyA gayA ho / eka ke jIvana kI ghaTanA ko dUsare ke jIvana kI ghaTanA se jor3ane ke anya bhI aneka udAhararaMga upalabdha hote haiM / 457 AcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTa parva ke 11veM sarga meM samprati ke jAtismaraNa jJAna hone meM prArya suhastI ke darzana ko nimitta mAnA hai aura unheM hI samprati ke pUrvabhava sambandhI guru mAnane kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu Age cala kara inhIM prAcArya ne pariziSTaparva meM rAjA samprati ke rAjyakAla meM hI mahAgiri dvArA suhastI ke sAtha sAMbhogika sambandhaviccheda kA ullekha kiyA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AcArya hemacandra ne Arya mahAgiri ke jIvanakAla Adi tathyoM kI gaharAI meM na jA kara sarasarI taura para zrArya suhastI ke sAtha Arya mahAgiri ke ujjayinI jAne kA aura samprati ke rAjyakAla meM hI sAMbhogikaviccheda kA ullekha kara diyA hai| jahA~ taka rAjA samprati ko pratibodha diye jAne kA prazna hai, prAyaH sarvatra yahI ullekha milatA hai ki grArya suhastI ne samprati ko pratibodha diyaa| mahAgiri * dvArA samprati ko pratibodha diye jAne kA kahIM bhI koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / " pitA saThThisaMhassAni brAhmaNe brahmapakkhi ke / bhojesi so pite yeva, tIriNa vassAni bhojayi // 23 // [ mahAvaMzo pariccheda 5 ]

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458 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [visaMbhoga kA prArambha aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama aura prAcIna ullekhoM se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se jJAta hotA hai ki azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke katipaya varSa pazcAt rAjakumAra kuNAla ko cakSuvihIna kara diyA gayA aura andhA ho jAne ke kAraNa kumArabhukti meM milA huA.ujjayinI kA rAjya usase le kara dUsare rAjakumAra ko de diyA gyaa| samprati kA janma hone para andha kumAra kuNAla ne gandharva kalA se azoka ko prasanna kara kAkiNI-rAjya kI apane sadyaHjAta putra ke liye yAcanA kI / vastusthiti se avagata hote hI prazoka ne tatkAla samprati ko yUvarAja pada pradAna kara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA aura tatkAlIna rAjyaparamparA ke anusAra ujjayinI kA rAjya zizu samprati ko kumArabhukti ke rUpa meM prApta huprA / ye saba ghaTanAeM azoka ke rAjyakAla kI haiM aura azoka kA rAjyAbhiSeka vIra nirvANa saMvat 258 meM hone ke kAraNa dramaka ke dIkSita hone se lekara samprati ke janma taka kI sabhI ghaTanAeM prArya mahAgiri ke svargagamana ke anantara kama se kama 13 varSa se pahale kI to kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM ho sktiiN| aisI sthiti meM Arya mahAgiri kA samprati ke janma samaya athavA usake rAjyakAla meM vidyamAna honA to dUra dramaka kI dIkSA ke samaya bhI Arya mahAgiri kA astitva saMbhava nahIM hotaa| kAraNa ki Arya mahAgiri kA svargavAsa azoka ke rAjyAbhiSeka se 13 varSa pahale vIra ni0 saM0 245, tadanusAra bindusAra ke rAjyakAla meM hI ho cukA thaa| rAjA samprati dvArA jaina dharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra jaina sAhitya meM maurya samrAT samprati ko vahI sthAna prApta hai jo ki maurya samrATa azoka ko bauddha sAhitya meN| aneka jaina graMthoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ki rAjA saMprati ne prArya suhastI se pratibodha pAne ke pazcAt samasta bhAratavarSa hI nahIM aneka anArya pradezoM meM bhI apane adhikAriyoM, karmacAriyoM aura sainikoM ko jaina sAdhuoM ke veza meM bheja kara jaina dharma kA sarvatra pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA tathA usane apane samasta sAmantoM ko dRr3ha jainadharmAvalambI bnaayaa| sAdhu ke veza meM samprati ke karmacAriyoM ne anArya dezoM meM vicaraNa kara vahAM kI anArya janatA ko zrAvaka ke kartavyoM evaM zramaNAcAra se paricita karAte hue una anArya dezoM ko zramaNoM ke vihAra ke yogya banA DAlA / rAjA samprati kI prArthanA para prArya suhastI ne apane katipaya zramaNoM ko anArya bhUmi meM dharma kA pracAra karane ke liye bhejA aura unhoMne vahAM ke logoM kI jainadharma ke prati apUrva zraddhA dekha kara harSa kA anubhava kiyaa| sAdhuoM ne prArya deza kI taraha bar3I sugamatA se anArya pradezoM meM vihAra karate hue vahAM jaina dharma kA adhikAdhika pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA / tyAgI, tapasvI aura jJAnadhanI santoM ke upadezoM kA anArya pradezoM kI janatA para bar3A prabhAva par3A aura una logoM ke AcAra-vicAra meM eka prakAra kI krAnti sI A gaI / anArya pradeza ke nivAsiyoM ne bar3I saMkhyA meM zrAvakadharma aMgIkAra kiyA / anArya pradezoM meM dharma-pracAra karane ke pazcAt lauTe hue sAdhuoM

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jaina dharma kA pra* evaM pra0] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI 456 ne Arya suhastI kI sevA meM pahuMca kara anArya pradezoM ke nivAsiyoM kI jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA kA vivaraNa sunAyA, jise suna kara Arya suhastI bar3e prasanna hue / ' ... samprati ke sambandha meM katipaya jaina granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai ki usane bhArata ke prArya evaM anArya pradezoM meM itane jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA ki ve sAre pradeza jina-mandiroM se suzobhita ho gaye / / - rAjA samprati dvArA kiye gaye kAryoM ke sambandha meM prasiddha jaina itihAsavesA sva0 muni zrI kAnti sAgarajI ne kucha aMzoM kI jo pANDulipi taiyAra kI, usake etadviSayaka aMza ko yahAM avikala rUpa se diyA jA rahA hai : "yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai ki maurya sAmrAjya ke itihAsa meM samprati ke saMbaMdha meM jo kucha bhI ullekha milatA hai, vaha usake kRtitva para vAstavika prakAza nahIM ddaaltaa| jaina sAhitya meM samprati ke sambandha meM vizada vivecana upalabdha hai| usa vivecana ke anusAra samprati ne jaina saMskRti ke pracAra va prasAra ke liye apane putroM tathA prasUryapazyA kahalAne vAlI apanI putriyoM taka ko kRtrima muniyoM kA va sAdhviyoM kA veSa dhAraNa karavA kara apane anekoM sAmantoM ke sAtha dUra-dUra pradezoM meM bhijavAyA aura isa taraha azoka ke Adarza ko samprati ne apane jIvana meM bhI mUrta rUpa diyaa| cUriNa aura niyuktiyoM meM yaha bhI sUcita kiyA gayA hai ki samprati ne pracura mAtrA meM jina-mUttiyoM kI, mandiroM evaM devazAlAoM meM sthApanA karavA kara jana saMskRti aura sabhyatA ko sthAna-sthAna para phailAyA thaa| jahAM taka jaina mUrti-vidhAna evaM upalabdha purAtana avazeSoM kA prazna hai, yaha binA kisI saMkoca ke kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjA samprati dvArA nirmita mandira yA mUrtiyAM bhAratavarSa ke kisI bhI bhAga meM Aja taka upalabdha nahIM ho pAI haiN| zveta pASANa kI kohanI ke samIpa gAMTha ke mAkAra ke cihna vAlI pratimAeM jaina samAja meM prasiddha rahI haiM aura una sabhI kA sambandha rAjA samprati se sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| aisI pratimAoM ke aneka sthAnoM para pratiSThApita hone kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| merI vinamra sammati ke anusAra ye zveta pASANa kI pratimAeM samprati athavA maurya kAla kI to kyA taduttaravartI kAla kI bhI nahIM kahI jA sktiiN| ' evaM rAjJo'tinibandhAdAcAryaH ke'pi sAdhavaH / vihartumAdidizire tatondramilAdiSu ||6|| niravadyaM zrAvakatvamanAryeSvapi sAdhavaH / dRSTvA gatvA svagurave punarAkhyansavismayAH // 10 // pari0 parva, sa0 11 2 yena sampra tinA trikhaMgamitApi mahI jinaprAsAdamaMDitA vihitA, sAdhuveza-dhArinijavaMDapuruSapreSaNenAnAyaMdeze'pi sAdhubihAra: kAritaH / [tapAganya paTTApalI] .... .. *

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460 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [jaina dharma kA pra0 evaM.pra. ___ dazama sadI se pUrva ke bahuta kama aise zilpAvazeSa mile haiM jo zveta prastaroM para utkIriNata hoN| mauryakAla meM adhikatara prAdezika patthara hI zilpakalA meM vyavahRta hote the| mauryakAla kI mUrtiyAM jitanI bhI upalabdha haiM, lagabhaga sabhI sacikvaNa haiM / ye pratimAeM apanI zailI ke kAraNa dUra se hI pahicAnI jA sakatI haiM / pATana-lohAnIpurA mohalle se nikalIM kucha khaNDita pratimAeM paTanA-myUjiyama meM surakSita haiN| eka bAta aura bhI hai ki mandira banavAne ke sambandha meM bhI yadi spaSTa kahA jAve to sthiti sandehAtmaka hI hai, kAraNa ki maurya-zAsita pradezoM meM jahAM kahIM bhI utkhatana huaA hai vahAM inake avazeSa yA cihna kahIM nahIM mile haiN| yadi saMprati rAjA ne itanA vizad zailpika nirmANa karavAyA hotA to kama se kama kahIM na kahIM to inake avazeSoM evaM cihnoM kI prApti honI hI cAhiye thii| ina bAtoM ke bAvajUda bhI yaha to svIkAra karanA hI par3egA ki jainatva ke prati rAjA samprati ke hRdaya meM agAdha zraddhA aura AsthA thii| videzoM meM samanIyA jAti kahI jAtI hai / vaha asambhava nahIM, sampratikAlika pracAra evaM puruSArtha kA hI pratiphala ho / zramaraNa aura samanIyA kA sAmya spaSTa hai / kAlAntara meM ucita jaina saMskAroM ke abhAva meM samanIyA jAti meM se jainatva ke saMskAra vilupta ho gaye hoM, para nAma samaNIyA Aja bhI jyoM kA tyoM banA huA hai|" uparokta vicAroM para pAThaka taTasthatA se cintana kara tathya para pahuMcane kA prayAsa kreN| utkaTa sAdhanA kA anupama pratIka pravantisukumAla Arya mahAgiri ke svargagamana ke pazcAt aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue Arya suhastI ekadA punaH ujjayinI padhAre aura nagara ke bAhara eka udyAna meM tthhre| unhoMne apane do sAdhuoM ko bhadrA nAma kI eka ati samRddha zreSThimahilA ke pAsa bhejA aura usase kisI sthAna meM Thaharane kI AjJA caahii| bhadrA ne bar3I zraddhApUrvaka zramaNadvaya ko vandana kiyA aura unase unake pAne kA prayojana jJAta hone para usane apanI vAhanakuTI meM sAdhuoM ko Thaharane kI anumati pradAna kii| tadanantara Arya suhastI apane ziSya parivAra sahita bhadrA kI vAhanakUTI meM Thahare ! dUsare dina pradoSavelA me prAcArya suhastI nalinIgulma nAmaka adhyayana kA sasvara pATha kara rahe the| usa samaya bhavana kI sAtavIM maMjila para apanI 32 sukumAra patniyoM ke sAtha soye hue bhadrA ke putra avantisukumAla ke karNarandhroM meM AcAryazrI kA sumadhura svara pratidhvanita hone lgaa| avantisukumAla prAcArya suhastI ke svara ko dattacita ho sunane lgaa| vaha pATha use itanA karNapriya lagA ki vaha use aura adhika spaSTa rUpa se sunane aura samajhane kI utkaNThA se prerita ho mantramugdha kI taraha apane mahaloM se utarA aura prAcAryazrI ke pAsa Akara bar3e dhyAna se sunane lagA / pATha ko suna kara avantisukumAla ke mana meM uthala-puthala sI

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utkaTa sAdhanA kA pratIka] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-muhamtI maca gaI aura use aisA pratIta hone lagA ki pATha meM vANata mukhoM kA usane kahIM na kahIM anubhava kiyA hai| IhApoha karate hae umane smRti para jora diyA aura use tatkAla jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gyaa| avantisukumAla ne prAcAryazrI ke samIpa upasthita ho unheM bhakti sahita vandana kiyA aura kahane lagA - "bhagavana ! maiM gRhasvAminI bhadrA kA putra huuN| Apake isa pATha ko sunakara mujhe jAtimmaragA jJAna ho gayA hai| maiM apane isa janma se pahale nalinIgulma nAmaka vimAna meM devatA thA / aba punaH vahIM jAne ke liye mere mana meM tIvra utkaNThA utpanna ho cukI hai / Apake pAsa zramaNatva svIkAra kara maiM punaH vahIM nalinIgulma vimAna meM jAnA cAhatA hUM / kRpA kara mujhe pravrajyA pradAna kiijiye|" / prAcArya suhastI ne use zramaragajIvana kI duSkaratA se avagata karAte hue kahA - "saumya ! tuma atyanta sukumAra ho| lohe ke cane cabAnA aura agni meM khar3e rahanA kisI ke liye sAdhya ho sakatA hai para jinendra bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita zramaNAcAra kA pAlana karanA bar3A hI kaThina aura dussAdhya kArya hai|" avantisukUmAla ne kahA - "bhagavana ! pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI mere mana meM tIvra utkaNThA utpanna ho cukI hai| maiM pravrajyA to avazya hI grahaNa kruuNgaa| sAdhu samAcArI ke anusAra cirakAla taka to maiM niraticAra thAmaNya kA paripAlana nahIM kara sakUgA ataH maiM prArambha meM hI anazana sahita zramaNatva grahaNa karUgA aura thor3e samaya ke liye ghorAtighora kaSTa ko bhI sAhasapUrvaka sahana kara luuNgaa|" avantisukumAla ko apane nizcaya para aTala dekhakara Arya suhastI ne kahA"bhadrAnandana ! yadi tuma dIkSita hone ke liye kRtasaMkalpa ho to isake liye tuma apane svajanoM kI anumati prApta kro|" ____tadanantara avantisukumAla ne apanI mAtA aura patniyoM se use dIkSArtha anumati dene ke liye kahA kintu pUrI taraha prayAsa kara cukane para bhI usako svajanoM se dIkSA lene kI anumati nahIM milii| avantisukumAla to nalinIgulma vimAna meM yathAzIghra jAne ke liye Atura ho rahA thaa| usane svayaM hI kezaluMcana kara zramaNaveSa dhAraNa kara liyA aura vaha Arya suhastI kI sevA meM upasthita huaaa| Arya suhastI ne apane zarIra se bhI nirmamatva aura saMsAra se pUrNarUpeNa virakta avantisukamAla ko svayaMgrahIta sAdhuveSa meM dekhakara vidhipUrvaka zramaNa dIkSA pradAna ko / tadanantara avantisukumAla ne prArya suhastI se nivedana kiyA "prabho! meM lambe samaya taka zramaNajIvana ke kaSToM ko sahana nahIM kara pAUMgA ataH mujhe prAmaraNa anazanapUrvaka sAdhanA karane kI AjJA pradAna kiijiye|" mArya suhastI se prAjJA prApta kara avantisukumAla nagara se bAhara nirjana zmazAna bhUmi meM pahuMcA aura kAyotsarga kara khar3A ho gyaa| pratyanta sukumAra avantisukumAla prathama bAra hI naMge pAMvoM itanI dUra taka calA thA pranaH kaMkaroM

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462 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [utkaTa sAdhanA kA pratIka tathA kaMTakoM se usake pAdatala biMdha gaye aura una vraNoM se khUna Tapakane lgaa| bar3e dhairya ke sAtha isa pIr3A ko tathA bhUkha-pyAsa ke kaSToM ko sahana karate hue vaha Atmacintana meM tallIna ho gyaa| sUrya kI prakhara kiraNoM se zmazAnabhUmi Aga kI taraha tapane lagI para avantisukumAla ne bar3I zAnti ke sAtha use sahana kiyaa| dina Dhalane lagA, sUryAsta hunA, zanaiH zanaiH andhakAra ne apanA sAmrAjya jamA liyaa| yatra-tatra vanaile hiMsra jantuoM ke dila dahalA dene vAle AkrandArAvoM se vaha bhISaNa rAtri sAkSAt kAlarAtri ke samAna bhayAvaha bana gaI thii| kintu sadyaH pravajita sukumAra zramaNa avantisukumAla usa zmazAnabhUmi meM parama zAnta, dAnta evaM virakta avasthA meM ekAgra citta ho dhyAnamagna khar3e rhe| unake padacihnoM para lahUmizrita dhUlikaraNoM kI gandha kA anusaraNa karatI huI eka zrRgAlinI apane katipaya baccoM ke sAtha avantisukumAla muni ke pAsa A phuNcii| muni ke pairoM se Tapake hue lahUkaraNoM kI gandha pA kara usane muni ke pairoM ko cATanA prArambha kiyaa| prAdhyAtmika dhyAna meM ramaNa karate hue muni nizcala khar3e rhe| muni kI ora se kisI bhI prakAra kA pratirodha na hotA dekha kara zrRgAlinI kA sAhasa bddh'aa| usane muni ke paira kI mAMsala piNDlI meM dAMta gaDA diye| garama-garama khUna kI dhArAe~ baha nikliiN| apane baccoM sahita zrRMgAlinI lahapAna ke sAtha-sAtha muni ke paira ko kATa-kATa kara khAne lgii| kramazaH muni kA dhyAna cintana kI manobhUmi ke ucca se uccatara sopAna para car3hane lagA / vinA kisI prakAra kA pratirodha kiye muni zAnta citta ho socane lage - "yaha zrRgAlinI mere karmakaluSa ko kATa-kATa kara mere liye nalinIgulma vimAna ke kapATa khola rahI hai|" zrRgAlinI aura usake baccoM ne mUni kA dUsarA paira bhI kATa-kATa kara khAnA prArambha kara diyaa| muni kA zarIra pRthvI para gira par3A kintu unakA dhyAna adhikAdhika UMcAI para car3hatA gyaa| muni kI donoM jaMghAoM aura bhujadaNDoM ko khA cukane ke pazcAn zrRgAla-parivAra ne unake peTa ko cIra phAr3a kara khAnA prArambha kiyaa| muni ne bhI apane aAtmacintana ko zubha se zubhatara banAnA prArambha kiyA aura antatogatvA samAdhipUrvaka prANetsarga kara muni avanti sukumAla apane priya lakSyasthAna nalinIgulma vimAna meM devarUpa se utpanna hue| / dUsare dina Arya suhastI se saba vRttAnta jJAta hone para avantisUkamAla kI mAtA bhadrA ne apanI eka bhiNI putravadhu ko chor3a kara zeSa 31 putravadhuoM ke sAtha zramaNIdharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| prAcArya hemacandra dvArA pariziSTa parva meM kiye gaye ullekha ke anusAra avantisukumAla ke putra ne apane pitA kI smRti meM unake maraNasthala para eka vizAla devakula kA nirmANa karavAyA jo Age cala kara mahAkAla ke nAma se vikhyAta hpraa|' --...-...- . - - - - - ---- -------- ' guA jAtena putreNa cakre devakulaM mahat / pravantisukumAlasya maraNasthAnabhUtale / / 176 / / taddevakulamadyApi vidyate'vantibhUSaNam / mahAkAlAbhiSAnena loke prathitamuccakaiH / / 177 / / [pariziSTa parva, sarga 11, .

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463 jaina dharma kA pra0 evaM pra0] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM mahAgiri-suhastI ___Arya suhastI ke ziSya avantisukumAla ke isa prakAra ke alaukika sAhasa, adbhuta tyAga aura vairAgya se usa samaya kA janamAnasa kitanA prabhAvita hunA hogA, isako kalpanA se bhI nahIM AMkA jA sktaa| prArya mahAgiri kI ziSya-paramparA / kalpasUtrAnusAra' Arya mahAgiri kI ziSya paramparA kramazaH isa prakAra hai :1. sthavira uttara (bahula) 5. sthavira kauDinya 2. sthavira balissaha 6. sthavira nAga 3. sthavira dhanADhya / 7. sthavira nAgamitra 4. sthavira zrI ADhaya 8. kauzika gotrIya SaDullUka rohagupta inheM pratyakSa ziSyoM kI apekSA pAramparika ziSya mAnanA adhika upayukta hogaa| AThaveM ziSya kauzika gotrIya sthavira SaDullUka rohagupta se rAzika (ninhavoM) kI utpatti huii| sthavira uttara aura sthavira balissaha se uttarabalissaha nAmaka gaNa nikalA jisakI ye nimnalikhita 4 zAkhAeM haiM :1. kauzAmbikA, 2. zuktivatikA, 3. koDaMbANI aura 4. cndnaagrii| prAcArya suhastI kI ziSya paramparA prAcArya Arya suhastI kA ziSyaparivAra bar3A vizAla thaa| unake 12 pramukha ziSya the, jinake nAma, unase nikalI huI zAkhAoM evaM kuloM ke nAma sahita isa prakAra haiM :' therassa NaM ajjamahAgirissa elAvacaguttassa ime aTTha perA antevAsI mahAvaccA abhiNNAyA hutyA, taMjahA- 1. there uttare, 2. yere balissahe, 3. there gharagaDDhe, 4. there siriDDhe, 5. there koDinne, 6. there nAge, 7. there nAgamitte, 8. ghere chalae rohagupte kosiyagutteNaM : therehinto ra chalUehito rohaguttehito kosiyagutaihito tatya raNaM terAsiyA niggyaa| therehinto raNaM uttara balissahehinto tatya NaM uttara balissahe nAma gaNe niggaye / tassaNaM imAmo cattAri sAhAyo evamAhijjati; taMjahA : 1. kosaMbiyA, 2. soittiyA (suttivattimA) 3. koDaMnANI, 4. candanAgarI / 2 pere prajarohaNa, jasabhadde mehagaNI, ya kAmiDDhI / muThiya, supparibuDhe, rakkhiya taha rohagutte pra // 1 // isigutte sirigutte gaNo ma bamme gaNI ya taha some / / dasa do pra gaNaharA khalu, ee sIsA suhatyissa / / 2 / /

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464 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pA0 su0 kI ziSya-para0 1. sthavira prArya rohaNa / inase uddehagaNa niklaa| uddehagaNa se nimnalikhita. 4 zAkhAeM nikalIM : (1) udaMbarijjiyA, (2) mAsapUriyA, (3) maipattiA aura (4) punnypttikaa| uddehagaNa ke nimnalikhita 6 kula the : (1) nAgabhUya, (2) somabhUya, (3) ullagaccha, (4) hatthalijja, (5) nandijja aura (6) parihAsaya / 2. prAcArya yazobhadra - iname uDuvADiya gagaga nikalA / isa gaNa se nimnalikhita 4 zAkhAeM nikalIM : (1) caMpijjiyA, (2) bhaddijjiyA, (3) kAkandiyA, aura (4) mehlijjiyaa| isa uDuvADiya gaNa ke nimnalikhita 3 kula hue : (1) bhadrayaza, (2) bhadragupta aura (3) yazobhadra / ___3. meghagaNI - kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM inake sambandha meM koI paricaya nahIM diyA gayA hai| inase koI pRthak gaNa nahIM niklaa| ye guNasundara, guNAkara aura ghanasundara ke nAma se bhI pahicAne jAte the| zyAmAcArya inhIM ke ziSya mAne jAte haiN| 4. prAcArya kAmadhigaNI- inase besavADiya gaNa nikalA jisakI (1) sAvatthiyA, (2) rajjapAliyA, (3) antarijjiyA aura (4) khemilajjiyA nAma kI cAra zAkhAeM tathA (1) gaNiya, (2) mehiya, (3) kAmaDDhiya evaM (4) indrapuraga nAma ke cAra kula the| 5. prAcArya susthitasUri aura | ina donoM prAcAryoM ke gaNa, zAkhAeM 6. prAcArya supratibaddhasUri Jaura kula sammilita the| ina prAcArya susthita se koDiya-kAkaMdiya nAmaka gaccha niklaa| isa gaccha kI nimnalikhita 4 zAkhAeM aura cAra hI kula the :zAkhAeM : (1) uccAnAgarI, (2) vidyAdharI, (3) vajrI aura (4) mjjhimillaa| kula : (1) bambhalijja, (2) vatthalijja, (3) vANijya aura (4) paNhavAhaNaya / uparilikhita 4 zAkhAeM vastutaH koTikagaNa kI mUla evaM mukhya zAkhAeM haiN| inakA prArambha prA. susthita aura suprativaddha ke saMtAnIya kramazaH sthavira

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mA0 su0 kI ziSya-para0] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya mahAgiri-suhastI 465 zAnti zreNika, sthavira vidyAdhara gopAla, sthavira prArya vajra aura sthavira priyagraMtha se honA batAyA gayA hai| inake atirikta koTikagaraNa kI prajjaseriNayA, prajjatAvasI, ajjakuberA, ajjaisipAlimA, prajjanAilI, ajja pomilA, prajja jayantI, evaM brahmadvIpikA ye upa-zAkhAeM aura nAgendrakula, candrakula prAdi upakula the| 7. prA0 rakSita ) inase kisI zAkhA yA gaNa ke prakaTa 8. prA0 rohagupta | hone kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| 6. prAcArya RSigupta - inase mAnavagaNa nikalA / isa gaNa kI nimnalikhita 4 zAkhAeM : (1) kAsavajjiyA, (2) goyamajjiyA, (3) vAsiTThiyA tathA (4) soraTThiyA / aura (1) Isiguttiya, (2) Isidattiya tathA (3) abhijayanta-ye 3 kulthe| 10. prA0 zrIgupta (hAritagotrIya) - inase cAraNa gaNa nikalA, jisakI nimnalikhita 4 zAkhAeM aura 7 kula the : zAkhAeM :(1) hAriyamAlAgArI, (2) saMkAsiyA, (3) gavedhuyA aura (4) vjjnaagrii| kula :(1) vatyalijja, (2) pIidhammiya, (3) hAlijja, (4) pUsami tijja, (5) mAlijja, (6) prajjaveDaya mora (7) kaNhasaha (kRnnnnskh)| 11. prA0 brahmagaNI / inase bhI kisI gaNa yA zAkhA ke prakaTa 12. prA0 somagaNI hone kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / prAcArya suhastI kA ziSya-samudAya vastutaH suvizAla thaa| usameM aneka uccakoTi ke vidvAn sAdhaka-zramaNa the para una saba kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| samucchavavAdI vauSA nimhava-paravamitra (vIra-nirvANa saMvat 220) mArya mahAgiri ke prAcAryakAla ke pAMcaveM varSa meM arthAt vI. ni. saMvat 220 meM samucchedavAdI (kSaNikavAdI) prazvamitra nAma kA cauthA nihnava humA / nihnava azvamitra prArya mahAgiri ke koDinna nAmaka ziSya kA ziSya thaa| eka. samaya vaha mathurA nagarI meM zAstrAbhyAsa kara rahA thaa| usa samaya dAveM anuvAda pUrva kI neuNiyA nAmaka vastu ke chinnacheda naya kI vaktavyatA ke nimnalikhita pATha para vaha vicAra karane lagA :

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ cauthA nihnava prazvamitra " savve paDupa samaya neraiyA vocchijjissaMti evaM jAva vemAriNayatti / " isa pATha kA artha yaha hai ki jo vartamAna kAla ke nArakIya haiM, ve dUsare samaya meM vinAza ko prApta hote haiN| aisI avasthA meM pahale samaya ke nArakIya kI jo paryAya thI, vaha vinaSTa ho jAtI hai aura dUsare samaya meM viziSTa dUsarI paryAya ho jAtI hai / 466 vastutaH yaha pATha paryAya palaTane ke sambandha meM hai para jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya ke kAraNa, prazvamitra ne isake vAstavika artha ko nahIM samajhate hue apanI bhrAnta dhAraNA banA lI ki saMsAra kI samasta vastueM, pApa, puNya aura yahAM taka ki AtmA bhI kSaNa-kSaraNa ke antara se naSTa hone vAlA hai / azvamitra ke guru ne use aneka prakAra se uparokta pATha kA sahI artha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA para usa para kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3A aura vaha apanI kSaNikavAda kI mAnyatA para durAgrahapUrvaka DaTA hI rahA / samajhAne ke sabhI prakAra ke prayAsa niSphala ho jAne para guru dvArA use saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA gayA / . saMgha se bahiSkRta kiye jAne ke pazcAt prazvamitra apane naye sAmucchedika mata kA ghUma-ghUma kara pracAra karane lgaa| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki samucchedavAdI cauthe nihnava azvamitra ke samaya taka bauddha dharma ke kSaNikavAda kA kAphI pracAra ho cukA hogA / sambhava hai azvamitra para bhI bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kA prabhAva par3A ho| vaha apane aneka sAthiyoM ke sAtha vibhinna kSetroMmeM ghUma-ghUma kara apane isa naye mata kA pracAra karane lagA aura logoM ko upadeza dene lagA ki jo jIva pahale samaya meM pApa karatA hai, vaha dUsare samaya meM naSTa ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra prathama samaya meM kiyA huA puNya dUsare samaya meM naSTa ho jAtA hai / prazvamitra apane mata kA pracAra karatA huA eka dina apane sAthiyoM sahita rAjagRha nagara phuNcaa| vahAM usa samaya nagara ke caukI-cuMgI vibhAga kA uccAdhikArI saccA zramaraNopAsaka thA / usane zrazvamitra ko sahI mArga para lAne ke uddezya se apane karmacAriyoM dvArA pakar3avA kara piTavAnA prArambha kiyaa| pIr3A se karAhate hue zrazvamitra ne usa adhikArI se pUchA - "maiM sAdhu hUM aura tuma zramaNopAsaka ho / maiM samajha nahIM pA rahA hUM ki tuma mujhe kyoM pITa rahe ho ?" usa cuMgI adhikArI ne uttara meM kahA- "tumhAre samucchedavAda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra tumhAre zarIra meM sAdhu ke rUpa meM prAtmadeva virAjamAna thA vaha to kabhI kA vinaSTa ho gyaa| usI prakAra mere antara meM zramaraNopAsaka ke rUpa meM jo AtmA thor3I dera pahale vidyamAna thA, vaha bhI samApta ho cukaa| isa dRSTi se aba na tuma sAdhu ho aura na maiM zramaNopAsaka / " isa pratyakSa anubhava aura pramANa se prazvamitra kI buddhi tatkAla ThikAne para prA gaI / use apanI truTi samajha meM bhA gaI ki vastutaH vaha bhramavaza bilkula mithyA dhAraNA banA baiThA thaa| cuMgI adhikArI kI buddhimattA me bhaTake hue

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cauthA nihnava prazvamitra] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya mahAgiri-suhastI 467 vipathagAmI azvamitra ko pratibodha dekara punaH sahI patha para lagA diyaa| azvamitra tatkAla apane guru ke pAsa pahuMcA aura unase kSamA mAMga kara evaM apane mithyAttva ke liye prAyazcitta le kara punaH zramaNasaMgha meM sammilita ho gyaa| vikriyAvAdI pAMcavA nihava-gaMga (vIra-nirvANa saMvat 228) vIra ni0 saM0 228 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kA pAMcavAM nihnava dvikriyAvAdI gaMga nAmaka praNagAra humA / nihnava gaMga athavA gaMgadeva prAcArya mahAgiri ke ziSya dhanagupta kA ziSya thaa| gaMga praNagAra eka dina dupahara kI kar3I dhUpa meM ulUgAtIra nAmaka nadI ko pAra kara rahA thaa| ukta nadI ko pAra karate samaya aNagAra gaMga ko apane pairoM se ThaMDa kA aura Upara se cilacilAtI dhUpa kI garmI kA anubhava humA / eka hI sAtha ThaMDa aura garmI kA anubhava hone ke kAraNa usake mana meM vicAra utpanna huyA - "bhagavAn mahAvIra ne to pharamAyA hai ki eka samaya meM do kriyAeM nahIM hotI, do prakAra kA upayoga nahIM hotaa| eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA kI jAtI aura eka hI prakAra kA upayoga hotA hai| para vaha to pratyakSa hI ThaMDa aura garmI donoM kA anubhava eka sAtha, eka hI samaya meM kara rahA hai / to, isase spaSTataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki eka hI samaya meM do prakAra kI kriyAeM aura do prakAra kA upayoga ho sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha pharamAnA ki eka samaya meM eka hI kriyA aura eka hI upayoga hotA hai - vastutaH asatya hai|" apane guru dhanagupta ke pAsa pahuMca kara gaMga maNagAra ne dvikriyAvAda kI navIna. mAnyatA rkhii| prArya dhanagupta ne gaMga ke mana meM utpanna huI zaMkA ko miTAne kA prayAsa karate hue kahA- "vatsa! tumheM isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki eka kSaNa ke andara prasaMkhya samaya hote haiN| tuma jise samaya kI saMjJA de rahe ho vaha samaya nahIM, kSaNa hai / samaya to kSaNa kA asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga hai / samaya vastutaH kSaNa kA vaha asaMkhyAtavAM sUkSma se sUkSma bhAga hai, jisakA aura koI Tukar3A yA bhAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| eka kSaNa meM aneka kriyAoM kA anubhava ho sakatA hai, para eka samaya meM kabhI nhiiN| tumheM nadI meM jo garamI aura sardI kA anubhava humA, vaha eka samaya meM nahIM humA / garmI kA anubhava hone ke pazcAt jo sardI kA anubhava huA, vaha vastutaH asaMkhyAta samaya pazcAt humA / ina donoM prakAra ke upayogoM ke bIca meM asaMkhyAta samaya kA vyavadhAna hai, antara hai| samaya vastutaH kAla kA vaha sUkSma se sUkSma bhAga hai jisakA aura koI dUsarA vibhAga nahIM ho sakatA, jabaki kSaNa, kAla kA vaha bhAga hai, jisameM prasaMkhyAta samaya samAviSTa hote haiM / isa prakAra asaMkhyAta samayoM ke puMja 'kSaraNa' nAmaka kAla vibhAga meM jo tumheM do prakAra ke anubhava hue, do prakAra ke upayoga hue haiM, ve eka samaya meM hue do upayoga nahIM, apitu eka kSaNa meM hue do upayoga haiN| jisa prakAra, eka pudgala ke usa choTe se choTe, sUkSma se sUkSma bhAga ko paramANu kahate haiM, jisakA ki aura koI vibhAga

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468 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pAMcavAM nihnava gaMga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; usI prakAra samaya bhI kAla kA sabase choTA, sabase sUkSma bhAga hai, jisakA aura koI vibhAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kAla ke itane choTe antima vibhAga 'samaya' meM do kriyAeM athavA do upayogoM ke utpanna hone kI koI guMjAyaza hI nahIM raha jAtI kyoMki vaha kAla kA aisA sUkSma bhAga hai jisake do vibhAga kiye hI nahIM jA sakate / aisI sthiti meM eka samaya ke andara do kriyAoM athavA do prakAra ke upayogoM ke utpanna hone kA prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotA / sUkSma se sUkSma tatva ko pratyakSa kI taraha dekhane vAle sarvajJa sarvadarzI tIrthaMkara bhagavAn ne jo pharamAyA hai, vaha pUrNarUpeNa satya hai / usameM tumheM zaMkA nahIM karanI caahiye|" apane guru ke mukha se isa prakAra ke hRdayagrAhI, tarkasaMgata sUkSma vivecana ko sunane ke uparAnta bhI praNagAra gaMga ne apanA durAgraha nahIM chor3A, to antatogatvA use saMgha se bahiSkRta ghoSita kara diyA gayA / ____ saMgha se bahiSkRta kiye jAne ke pazcAt gaMga ne 'dvikriya' nAmaka eka nayA mata claayaa| yaha mata thor3e samaya taka hI cala pAyA thA ki gaMga ko apanI truTi kA anubhava ho gyaa| usane apane guru ke pAsa prAkara kSamA mAMgI aura prAyazcitta lekara punaH saMyamamArga para prArUr3ha ho gyaa| prAcArya suhastA ka bAda kI sagha-vyavasthA saMdha-vyavasthA meM prAcArya kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa aura sabhI dRSTiyoM se sarvopari sthAna mAnA jAtA rahA hai / Arya sudharmA se Arya mahAgiri evaM Arya suhastI taka lagabhaga 300 varSa paryanta jinazAsana kA samyak rUpeNa saMcAlana saMrakSaNa prAcAryoM ne hI kiyaa| prAcArya ke atirikta upAdhyAya, gaNI, gaNAvacchedaka, sthavira, pravartaka mAdi padoM ke bhI zAstra meM nAma upalabdha hote haiN| para prAcArya, gaNadhara aura para-sthavira ke atirikta tIrthakara kAla se mahAgiri taka ke kAla meM kisI anya pada yA usake kArya kA ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jahAM-tahAM sthavira kA ullekha milatA hai| ve hI prAcArya ke pramukha sahAyaka rUpa se savadIkSitoM ko saMyamadharma kI zikSA aura zAstravAcanA pradAna karate rhe| isake liye zAstroM meM jagaha-jagaha ullekha milate haiM- 'yerAraNaM aMtie sAmAiyamAiyAI ekkArasa aMgAI ahijjii| saMbhava hai sthira zIla svabhAva ke kAraNa upAdhyAya ke liye sthavira zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA ho / apavA adhikAMza prAcArya hI apane samAzrita zramaNavarga ko prAcAramArga meM jor3ane evaM sthira rakhane ke sAtha-sAtha zrutavAcanA kA kArya bhI sampanna karate rahe hoM aura mAramArthI medhAvI ziSya eka bAra kahane se hI saralatA ke sAtha maryAdA meM calate rahe hoN| isa kAraNa pravartaka, upAdhyAya, gaNI prAdi padoM kA pravakataH ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA ho / sthiti kucha bhI rahI ho, upalabpa ullekhoM se to yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki hajAroM sAdhuoM kI saMsthA

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466 mA0su0 ke bAda saMgha-vya.] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mahAgiri-suhastI vAle vizAla sAdhusamudAya eka AcArya ke zAsana meM pUrNataH vyavasthita rUpa se calate rhe| vibhinna prAntoM meM vicarane vAle vizAla sAdhusamudAya kI vyavasthA ke liye aneka prAcAryoM kI sattA meM bhI saMgha kA pramukha netRtva eka hI prAcArya ke hAtha meM rhaa| prArya yazobhadra ke samaya se kUla, garaNa maura zAkhAoM kA udbhava hone lagA para bhadrabAhu aura sthUlabhadra jaise pratibhAzAlI prAcAryoM ke prabhAva se zramaNasaMgha meM koI matabheda ubhara na skaa| pArya mahAgiri aura prArya suhastI ne bhI matabheda kI darAroM ko utpanna hote hI pATate hue apane astitvakAla meM jinazAsana kA aikya banAye rkhaa| bhAvI saMtati meM yatkicit paramparA-bheda bhI kahIM ugra rUpa dhAraNa na kara la tathA zrutadharma evaM cAritradharma kI vizuddha paramparA kahIM vinaSTa athavA apane svarUpa se skhalita na ho jAya, isa dRSTi se unhoMne prAcArya pada ke prAvazyaka kartavyoM evaM adhikAroM ko (1) gaNAcArya, (2) vAcanAcArya aura (3) yugapradhAnAcArya - ina tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTa diyaa| isa vyavasthA ke phalasvarUpa nimnalikhita tIna paramparAeM pracalita huI : (1) gaNadharavaMza - isameM gaNa ke adhinAyaka una prAcAryoM kI pratiSThApanA kI gaI, jo guru-ziSya krama se usa garaNa kI paramparA kA saMcAlana karate rhe| inakI paramparA dIrghakAla taka calatI rhii| vartamAna ke gaNapati usI ke avazeSa kahe jA sakate haiN| (2) vAcakavaMza - vAcakavaMza ke prAcArya ve kahalAte the, jo AgamajJAna kI vizuddha paramparA ke pUrNa marmajJa aura vAcanA-pradAna meM kuzala hote the| inakI sImA apane gaNa taka hI sImita na ho kara pUre saMgha meM mAnya hotI thii| (3) yugapradhAna paramparA - isa paramparA ke antargata yugapradhAnAcArya use hI banAyA jAtA thA jo viziSTa pratibhA evaM yogyatA ke kAraNa janadharma hI nahIM, usase bAhara bhI prabhAvotpAdaka hotaa| vAcanAcArya yA yugapradhAnArya ke liye kisI garaNa athavA paramparA kA niyamana nahIM hotA thA ki vaha kisI nizcita gaNa athavA paramparA kA hI ho / eka yugapradhAna ke pazcAt usase bhinna gaNa athavA paramparA kA suyogya zramaNa bhI usa pada kA adhikArI ho sakatA thaa| uparokta parivartana kI sthiti vicAraNIya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt lagabhaga DhAI-paune tIna sau varSa taka jo saMgha vyavasthA saMghasaMcAlana evaM vAcanApradAna - ina donoM kAryoM ke eka hI gaNAcArya dvArA niSpAdita kiye jAne ke rUpa meM suvyavasthita rIti se calAI jAtI rahI, vahAM prArya suhastI ke samaya meM aisI kaunasI aAvazyakatA utpanna ho gaI ki sudIrghakAla se calI A rahI usa suvyavasthA ko badala kara saMghasaMcAlana ke liye gaNAcArya tathA prAgamavAcanA ke liye vAcanAcArya kI niyukti kara eka ke sthAna para - do prAcAryoM kI aura tadanantara yugapradhAnAcArya kI paramparA ko pracalita karanA par3A?

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470 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mA. su. ke bAda cUMki isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha upalabdha sAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hotA ataH nizcita rUpa se to isa sambandha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira bhI tatkAlIna katipaya ghaTanAoM aura pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM evaM lekhakoM dvArA ullikhita kucha vivaraNoM ke AdhAra para anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki dUradarzI prAcAryoM ne kAlaprabhAva se hone vAle gaNabheda, sampradAyabheda evaM mAnyatAbheda mAdi vibhinna bhedoM ko dRSTiM meM rakhate hue bheda meM prabheda ko. cirasthAyI banAne kA yaha mArga DhUMDha nikAlA ho| prArya mahAgiri aura suhastI ke jIvanaparicaya se yaha tathya spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki unake samaya meM matabheda kA bIjAropaNa to nahIM ho pAyA thA para zramaNavarga meM katipaya zramaNa kaThora zramaNAcAra ke pakSapAtI aura adhikAMza zramaraNa samaya, sAmarthya prAdi ko dRSTigata rakhate hue apavAdamArga ke samarthaka ho cale the| "vartamAna kA yaha thor3A sA bhI prAcArabheda Age cala kara pArasparika saMparka ke abhAva meM kahIM adhika ugra rUpa dhAraNa na kara le" - isa dRSTi se bhAcArya suhastI ne pArya mahAgiri ke pazcAt zAstrIya paramparA meM ekavAkyatA evaM ekarUpatA banAye rakhane kI zAsanahita kI bhAvanA se donoM gaNoM dvArA mAnya unake ziSya balissaha ko vAcanAcArya pada para niyukta kara eka navIna paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| __ gaNAcArya ke sAtha vAcanAcArya kI svatantra niyukti se donoM vicAradhArAmoM ke zramaNoM kA sadA nikaTatama samparka bane rahane se zramaNasaMgha meM yathAvat aikya banA rhaa| . hAM taka yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA kA prazna hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArya suhastI ke samaya meM maurya samrATa samprati dvArA utkaTa niSThA mora laganapUrvaka kiye gaye zAsanasevA ke kAryoM se jainadharma ke ullekhanIya pracAra-prasAra ke sAthasAtha zramaraNasaMdha bhI khUba phlaaphuulaa| zramaNoM ke samUdAya deza aura videzoM ke dUravartI pradezoM meM pahuMca kara dharma kA pracAra karane lge| phalasvarUpa prArya suhastI kI sarvatomukhI pratibhA bahuguNita ho camaka uThI aura mahAn prabhAvaka hone ke kAraNa ve samasta saMgha meM yUgapradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho gye| tabhI se yugapradhAnAcArya kI tIsarI paramparA bhI adhika spaSTa rUpa meM ubhara mAI / vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya ye donoM pada kisI gaNavizeSa meM sImita na raha kara yogyatA vizeSa se sambandhita rhe| yaha bhI saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki prArya suhastI ke samaya meM unake vizAla sAdhusaMgha ke zramaNa tathA anya gaNoM ke zramaNa kAlAntara meM svatantra prAcArya ke adhIna svatantra gaNa ke rUpa meM vicaraNa karane lage hoM aura unheM usI rUpa meM rahane kI anumati ke sAtha-sAtha ekatA ke sUtra meM bAMdhe rakhane kI dRSTi se spaviroM ne soca-vicAra ke pazcAt yugapradhAnAcArya kI paramparA ko sarvamAnya evaM sarvopari sthAna pradAna kiyA ho|

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saMgha-vyavasthA dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mAyaM mahAgiri-suhastI vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya ke pada kisI gaNavizeSa meM sImita na rakha kara viziSTa yogyatA se sambandhita rakhe gaye, isaliye ye donoM pada ubhaya paramparAoM evaM kAlAntara meM sabhI gaNoM ke liye mAnya rhe| yugapradhAnAcArya kA pramukha karttavya samasta gaNoM ko eka sUtra meM saMgaThita rakha kara mUla rIti-nIti para calAnA, kaThina samaya meM zAsana-saMrakSaNa ke sAthasAtha jainadharma kI gauravagarimAbhivRddhi meM apanI yogyatA aura pratibhA kA paricaya denA thaa| unakA nirNaya janetara samAja meM bhI pramANabhUta mAnA jAtA thaa| duSSamAkAla zramaNasaMghastotra ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana meM duSSamAkAla ke anta taka sudharmA prAdi 2004 prAcAryoM ko yugapradhAna mAnA gayA hai| vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya kI nayI vyavasthA kA tAtkAlika lAbha yaha hayA ki gaNa, kUla prAdi ke prAdurbhAva ke uparAnta bhI saMgha ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdhA rahane ke kAraNa chinna-bhinna hone se bacatA rahA / Upara likhita tInoM paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM ke kAla kI aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM kA devaddhi kSamAzramaNa taka kA paricaya dene se pUrva yahAM para tInoM paramparAoM ke prAcAryoM kI nAmAvalI prastuta kI jA rahI hai :- . paTTadharoM ke krama meM Arya sthUlabhadra ke do pramukha evaM paTTadhara ziSyoM-prArya mahAgiri aura Arya suhastI-meM Arya mahAgiri bar3e the| isa dRSTi se mArya mahAgiri kI zAkhA sabhI taraha se pramukha zAkhA mAnI jAnI caahiye| tadanusAra prAcIna prAcAryoM dvArA Arya mahAgiri kI zAkhA ko hI pramukha mAnA bhI gayA hai|' ataH yahAM sarvaprathama, vAcakavaMza-paramparA ke nAma se prasiddha Arya mahAgiri kI AcArya paramparA kI nAmAvalI prastuta kI jA rahI hai : vAcakavaMza-paramparA 1. prArya sudharmA 10. prArya suhastI 2. Arya jambU 11. Arya balissaha 3. Arya prabhava 12. prArya svAti 4. Arya zayyaMbhava 13. Arya zyAma 5. prArya yazobhadra 14. prArya sAMDilya 6. Arya saMbhUta vijaya 15. Arya samudra 7. Arya bhadrabAhu 16. Arya maMgu 8. Arya sthUlabhadra 17. prArya dharma . Arya mahAgiri 18. Arya bhadragupta 'atra cAyaM vRddhasaMpradAya: - sthUlabhadrasya ziSyadvayam - mAryamahAgiriH prAyaM suhastI ca / tatra pAryamahAgireryA zAkhA sA mukhyaa| [merutuMgIyA sthavirAvalI -

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472 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vAcakavaMza-paramarA 16. prArya vaja 26. Arya himavanta 20. prArya rakSita 27. Arya nAgArjuna 21. prArya prAnandila 28. prArya govinda 22. mArya nAgahastI 29. prArya bhUtadina 23. prArya revatinakSatra. 30. mArya lauhitya 24. prArya brahmadvIpakasiMha 31. prArya dUSyagariNa 25. prArya skaMdilAcArya 32. prArya devaddhigaNi prAcArya merutuMga ne prArya mahAgiri kI zAkhA ko mukhya mAnate hue isake prAcAryo kI, mArya balissaha se mAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa taka kI nAmAvalI do gAthAmoM meM dI hai / ve gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM : sUri balissaha, sAI, sAmajjo, sa~Dilo ya jIyagharo ajja samuddo, ma~gU, naMdillo, nAgahatthI ya / revaIsiMho, khaMdila, himavaM, nAgajjaNA ya govindA / siri bhUidinna-lohicca-dUsagaNiNo ya devaDDhI / / ina gAthAnoM meM, Upara dI gaI nAmAvalI meM ullikhita Arya dharma, Arya bhadragupta, mArya vaja pora mArya rakSita-ina cAra prAcAryoM ke nAmoM ko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| nandI ke vRttikAra evaM cUrNikAra ne bhI sthavirAvalI kI gAthA saM0 31, 32 aura 41 ko prakSipta mAnate hue ina cAroM prAcAryoM ke sAtha sAtha mArya govinda kA nAma bhI naMdI sthavirAvalI meM sammilita nahIM kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki merutaMga sthavirAvalI kI uparokta do gAthAnoM tathA nandI sthavirAvalI meM prArya mahAgiri kI paramparA arthAt vAcakavaMza paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA padakrama se ullekha hai aura prakSipta gAthAnoM meM vAcakavaMza paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke samakAlIna yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke nAma de diye gaye haiN| vastutaH adholikhita yugapradhAnAcArya-paTTAvalI meM ina cAroM prAcAryoM ke nAma vidyamAna haiM / yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA kI nAmAvalI 1. prArya sudharmAsvAmI 6. Arya saMbhUtivijaya 2. prArya jambUsvAmI 7. Arya bhadrabAhusvAmI 3. mArya prabhavasvAmI 8. Arya sthUlabhadrasvAmI 4. prArya zayyaMbhavasvAmI 6. prArya mahAgiri 5. prArya yazobhadrasvAmI 10. prArya suhastI ' nandI-sthavirAvalI kI gAthA saM0 31, 32 paura 41 jinheM ki prakSipta mAnA gayA hai, unake.anusAra mArya dharma, bhadragupta, vaja, rakSita aura prArya govinda ina pAMca prAcAryoM ke nAma jor3ane para hI mArya devaddhi taka isa paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI saMkhyA 32 hotI hai / nandI sthavirAvalI kI mUla gAyAmoM ke anusAra prArya devaliMgaNI 27 veM prAcArya haiN| [sampAdaka]

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yugapradhAnAcArya-paramparA] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : mAyaM mahAgiri-suhastI 11. mArya guraNasundara 16. Arya rakSita 12. prArya zyAmAcArya 20. prArya durbalikA puSyamitra (kAlakAcArya prathama) 21. prArya vajrasena 13. mArya skaMdilAcArya 22. prArya mAgahastI 14. Arya revatImitra 23. prArya revatImitra 15. prArya dharma 24. prArya siMha 16. prArya bhadragupta 25. Arya nAgArjuna 17. prArya zrIgupta 26. prArya bhUtadinna 18. Arya vacasvAmI 27. Arya kAlakAcArya (caturtha) __ gaNAcArya-paramparA Arya mahAgiri aura prArya suhastI, ina donoM prAcAryoM ke pRthak-pRthak do gaNa the aura una donoM gaNoM ke anukramazaH alaga-alaga prAcArya hue haiN| ina do garaNoM ke atirikta kAlAntara meM svatantra rUpa se jo aneka gaNa hue, una saba gaNoM ke bhI bhinna-bhinna prAcArya paTTAnukrama se hue haiN| isake sAtha hI sAtha aneka vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya aise bhI hue haiM, jo apane-apane gaNoM ke gaNAcArya rahate hue vAcanAcArya athavA yugapradhAnAcArya bhI rahe haiN| aisI sthiti meM sabhI gaNoM ke gaNAcAryoM kI nAmAvalI kA diyA jAnA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| vibhinna gaNoM kI paTTAvaliyoM se hI unake sambandha meM paricaya prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| una gaNoM meM prArya suhastI kA gaNa prArambha se hI prati vizAla aura prasiddha rhaa| kalpasUtra-sthavirAvalI ko prArya suhastI kI prAcArya paramparA mAnA gayA hai| prataH use yahAM diyA jA rahA hai : kalpasUtrastha sthavirAvalI 1. prArya sudharmA 6. prArya susthita-supratibuddha 2. // jambU 10. , indradinna 3. . , prabhava 11. , dina , zayyaMbhava 12. , siMhagiri 5. , yazobhadra 13. , vajra 6. , saMbhUtavijaya-bhadrabAhU 14. , ratha 7. , sthUlabhadra 15. , puSyagiri 8. ,, suhastI 16. , phalgumitra ' tatra suhastinaH susthita - supratibuddhAdikrameNAvalikA yathA 'dasAsu' tathaiva draSTavyA, na tayehAdhikAraH, mahAgiryAvalikayehAdhikAraH / [naMdI vRtti (zrI puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita), pR0 11]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [11. mArya balissaha 17. Arya dhanagiri 26. Arya saMpalitabhadra 18. , zivabhUti 27. , vRddha 16. , bhadra 28. , saMghapAlita 20. , nakSatra , hastI 21 , dakSa dharma 22 , nAga 31. , siMha 23 , jehila 32. , dharma 24. , viSNu 33. , sAMDilya' 25. , kAlaka mahAgiri kI paramparA mukhya hone ke kAraNa yahA~ para sarva prathama nandI sUtra ko sthavirAvalI ke anusAra mahAgiri kI paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA tathA unake sAtha hI uparokta donoM paramparAgoM ke prAcAryoM kA paricaya anukramazaH diyA jA rahA hai| 11. prArya balissaha vIra ni0 saM0 245 meM Arya mahAgiri ke svargagamana ke pazcAt unake 8 pramukha sthaviroM (ziSyoM) meM se prArya balissaha gaNAcArya niyukta hue| unake gaNa kA nAma uttara balissaha rakhA gyaa| yahA~ zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki bahula aura balissaha ina donoM sthaviroM meM jyeSTha hone para bhI bahula kA nAma gaNAcArya meM na dekara balissaha ko gaNanAyaka vatAne kA kyA viziSTa kAraNa hai, jaba ki garaNa ke nAma meM uttara-balissaha isa nAmAntara se bahula ko bhI jor3A gayA hai ? aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bahula ne balissaha se jyeSTha aura bahuzruta hone para bhI apanI alpAyu Adi kAraNoM se svayaM AcArya na bana kara adhika pratibhAzAlI balissaha ko hI prAcArya banAnA ucita samajhA ho aura isIliye balissaha ne bhI jyeSTha ke AdarArtha garaNa kA nAma uttara balissaha mAnya kiyA ho| balissaha ke janma, dIkSA, mAtA-pitA Adi kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa itanA hI likhA jA sakatA hai ki balissaha kauzika gotrIya brAhmaNa the / Arya mahAgiri ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara unhoMne 10 pUrvI kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| prArya mahAgiri ke samAna prArya balissaha prAcAra-sAdhanA meM bhI vizeSa niSThA rakhane vAle the| yahI kAraNa hai ki Arya mahAgiri ke pazcAt ve isa paramparA meM pramukha gaNAcArya mAne gaye / mahAgiri paramparA ke anya sthaviroM ne bhI inakA gaNanAyakatva svIkAra 'kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke aMta meM dI gaI devaddhi kSamA zramaNa kI vaMdana gAthA ke AdhAra para sAMDilya ke pazcAt devaddhi ko cautIsavAM prAcArya mAnA gayA hai parantu isa gAthA ke manyakataka hone ke kAraNa ise prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| -sampAdaka

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11. mArya balissaha] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : mAyaM balissaha 475 kiyaa| phalasvarUpa ATha sthaviroM meM se rohagupta ke atirikta kisI ne bhI alaga gaNa sthApita karane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki Arya suhastI ne saMgha kI aikyatA banAye rakhane ke liye gaNAcArya ke atirikta vAcanAcArya evaM yugapradhAnAcArya kI naI paramparA pracalita kii| tadanusAra unhoMne donoM paramparAmoM meM sAmaMjasya evaM sahayoga banAye rakhane kI dRSTi se prAgama ke viziSTa jJAtA balissaha ko sampUrNa saMgha kA vAcanA. cArya niyukta kiyaa| Arya balissaha ne zramaNa-samudAya meM pAgamajJAna kA pracAra-prasAra karate hae jina-zAsana kI prazaMsanIya sevA kI aura apane samaya meM huI zramasaMgha kI vAcanA meM 11 aMgoM evaM 10 pUrvo ke pAThoM ko vyavasthita karane meM bhI apanA pUrNa yogadAna diyA, jaisA ki himavanta sthavirAvalI meM batAyA gayA hai : "pahale jo 12 varSa taka duSkAla par3A thA usameM Arya mahAgiri paura mArya suhastI ke bahuta se ziSya zuddha AhAra na milane ke kAraNa kumAragiri nAmaka parvata para anazana kara ke zarIra chor3a cuke the| usI duSkAla ke prabhAva se tIrthakara mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita bahuta se siddhAnta bhI naSTaprAya ho gaye the| yaha jAna kara bhikkhurAya ne jaina siddhAntoM kA saMgraha aura jaina dharma kA vistAra karane ke liye samprati rAjA kI taraha zramaNa-nigrantha tathA nigranthiyoM kI eka sabhA kumAragiri para prAyojita kI, jisameM prArya mahAgiri kI paramparA ke prArya balissaha, bodhiliMga, devAcArya, dharmasenAcArya, nakSatrAcArya prAdi 200 jinakalpa kI tulanA karane vAle sAdhu, tathA Arya susthita, supratibuddha, umAsvAti, zyAmAcArya prabhRti 300 sthavirakalpI sAdhu sammilita hue| prAryA poiraNI Adi 300 sAdhviyAM bhI vahAM upasthita huI thiiN| bhikkhurAya evaM sIvaMda, cUrNaka, selaka prAdi 700 zramaraNopAsaka aura bhikkhurAya kI mahArAnI pUrNamitrA prAMdi 700 zrAvikAe~ bhI usa sabhA meM upasthita thiiN|" kahA jAtA hai ki balissaha ne vAcanA ke prasaMga para vidyAnupravAda pUrva se aMga-vidyA jaise zAstra kI bhI racanA kii| balissaha ke garaNa meM saiMkar3oM sAdhu evaM sAdhviyAM hone para bhI unakA kahIM ullekha nahIM hone ke kAraNa yahA~ paricaya nahIM diyA jA sktaa| itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki inake 4 ziSyoM se. uttara balissaha gaNa kI 4 zAkhAe~ prakaTa huI, jinakA kalpasUtrIya sthavirAvalI meM bhI ullekha milatA hai| una zAkhAmoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM: 1. kosaMbiyA 2. sotittiyA 3. koDaMbANI aura 4. candanAgarI / ' 'therehito NaM uttarabalissahehito tatya NaM uttarabalissaha gaNe nAmaM gaNe niggae / tassa NaM imAmo cattAri sAhApo evamAhijjati, taM jahA - kosaMbiyA, sotittiyA, koDaMbANI. caMdanAgarI // 206 / /

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476 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [gu.su. - yugapradhAnAcArya isa prakAra Arya balissaha mahAgiri kI paramparA ke gaNAcArya aura samasta saMgha ke vAcanAcArya - ina donoM padoM ko cirakAla taka suzobhita karate rhe| inake prAcArya kAla Adi kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 245 se 326 taka inakA sattAkAla ho sakatA hai| 11. gura pundara-yugapradhAnAcArya yugapradhAna-paramparAnusAra prArya balissaha ke samaya meM Arya guNasundara (guNAkara) yugapradhAnAcArya batAye gaye haiN| inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : prAcArya sahastI ke pazcAta vIra ni0 saM0 261 meM guNasundara yugapradhAnAcArya pada para niyukta kiye gye| inakA janmakAla. vIra ni0 saM0 235, dIkSAkAla 256 aura yugapradhAna-padArohaNa 291 meM mAnA gayA hai| 44 varSa taka yugapradhAna rUpa se jinazAsana kI sevA kara vIra ni0 saM0 335 meM Apane 100 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| prAcArya suhastI ke ziSyasamUha meM Arya guNasundara kA meghagaNI ke nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki meghagaraNI, guNasundara, guNAkara evaM ghanasundara -ye cAroM inhIM yugapradhAnAcArya ke nAma mAne gaye haiN| inake ziSya-samudAya evaM kAryakalApoM kA vizeSa paricaya prApta nahIM hotaa| 11. susthita-supratibuddha-gaNAcArya prArya suhastI ke pazcAt jisa prakAra guNasundara yugapradhAnAcArya hae usI prakAra mArya suhastI kI paramparA meM prArya susthita aura supratibuddha gaNAcArya niyukta kiye gye| prArya susthita aura supratibuddha - ye donoM sahodara the| inakA janma kAkaMdI nagara ke vyAghrApatya gotrIya rAjakula meM humA thaa| aisA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki ina donoM prAcAryoM ne sUrimaMtra kA eka karor3a vAra jApa kiyaa| isa kAraNa inakA gaccha, kauTika gaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta humaa| isase pahale prArya sudharmA se prArya suhastI taka bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharmasaMgha nirgrantha gaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| himavanta sthavirAvalI ke anusAra kumAragiri parvata para kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana dvArA bhAgamavAcanArya jo caturvidhasaMgha ekatrita kiyA gayA thA, usameM ye donoM prAcArya bhI upasthita the| 'gya suThiya-suparivaha uma (1) sAi sAmagvAiNaM gherakappiyANaM vi timisayA NigaMThANaM samAgayA / [himavanta svapirAvanI hastanidhita

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477 susthita supratibuddha dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya balissaha prAcArya susthita-supratibuddha ke nimnalikhita 5 ziSya the :1. Arya indradinna 4. Arya RSidatta aura 2. Arya priyagrantha 5. Arya arhadatta . 3. Arya vidyAdhara gopAla inameM se prathama ziSya Arya indradinna prAcArya susthita-sUpratibaddha ke pazcAt gaNAcArya aura dvitIya ziSya Arya priyagrantha bar3e mantravAdI prabhAvaka hue| ina donoM kA paricaya prAge yathAsthAna diyA jA rahA hai| Arya sUsthita kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 243 meM harA / 31 varSa taka gRhastha paryAya meM rahane ke pazcAt unhoMne vIra ni0 saM0 274 meM Arya suhastI ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA praharaNa kii| Arya suhastI ke 12 pramukha ziSyoM meM ApakA pAMcavAM sthAna thaa| 17 varSa taka sAmAnya zramaNaparyAya meM rhe| vIra ni0 saM0 261 meM prArya sahastI ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt Apako gaNAcArya niyukta kiyA gyaa| 48 varSa taka gaNAcArya pada para rahate hue Apane bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kI ullekhanIya sevAeM kIM aura vIra ni0 saM0 336 meM 66 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| prArya balissaha kAlona rAjavaMza pahale kiye gaye ullekhAnusAra yaha to nizcita hai ki Arya mahAgiri ke svargagamana ke pazcAt Arya balissaha vIra ni0 saM0 245 meM prArya mahAgiri ke gaNa ke garaNAcArya bane / isake pazcAt Arya balissaha ko saMgha kA vAcanAcArya banAyA gyaa| parantu isa prakAra kA ullekha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA ki vIra ni0 245 se prArambha huA Arya balissaha kA prAcAryakAla kaba taka rhaa| isa sambandha meM balissaha viSayaka jo-jo ullekha vibhinna pustakoM meM upalabdha haiM, unhIM ke AdhAra para anumAna kA sahArA lenA hogaa| himavanta sthavirAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana bhikkhurAga ne pUrvajJAna aura ekAdazAMgI kA punaruddhAra karane hetu, jo kumAragiri para caturvidha saMgha ko ekatrita kiyA thA, usameM Arya balissaha vidyamAna the|' yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki vIra nirvANa saM0 323 meM mauryavaMza ke antima rAjA vRhadratha ko mAra kara usakA senApati puSyamitra zuMga magadha ke siMhAsana para prArUr3ha humA / puSyamitra ke pratyAcAroM se saMtrasta magadha kI jainadharmAvalambI janatA kI 'pugviM tityayaragaNaharaparuviyaM pavayaNaM vi bahuso viraNopAyaM pAUNa teNaM miksurAyaNiveNaM miNapavayaNa saMgahaneM jiNaSammavitparaLaM saMpahariNavumba samaNANaM riNaggaThANaM pigaMThI ya egA parisA tatva kumarIpambayatitpammi meliyA / tasya raNaM rANaM prajamahAnirIlaganupatANaM gatistAha bohimiMga, devApari dhammasela nasatAbariyA viNakappinumattaM kuNamAlANaM duniyA pigaMgaNaM smaagyaa| himavaMta spapirAvanI, hastalikSita]

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478 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prA. bali. kA. rAjavaMza pukAra suna, bhikkhurAya ne magadha para prAkramaNa kara puSyamitra ko do bAra parAjita kiyaa| isake pazcAt bhikkhurAya ne kumAragiri para AgamoM ke uddhAra hetu zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM, zrAvakoM evaM zrAvikAnoM ko ekatrita kiyA aura aMgazAstroM tathA pUrvajJAna kA saMkalana, saMgraha athavA punaruddhAra krvaayaa| ___ aMgazAstroM ke saMkalana, saMgraha athavA saMrakSaNa hetu khAravela dvArA kiye gaye uparokta saMghasammilana kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 323 ke pazcAt kA 327 se 326 ke bIca kA ThaharatA hai| kyoMki vIra ni0 ke pazcAt 60 varSa taka pAlaka kA, tadanantara 155 varSa taka nandavaMza kA, tatpazcAt 108 varSa taka mauryavaMza kA rAjya rahA / isa prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 323 meM puSyamitra pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para prArUr3ha humaa| pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para AsIna hote hI puSyamitra ne boddhoM aura jainoM para ghora atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye| jaina dharma ke parama poSaka kaliMgarAja mahAmeghavAhana bhikkhurAya khAravela ko jaba puSyamitra dvArA jainoM para kiye jAne vAle pratyAcAra kI sUcanA milI to usane apane rAjyakAla ke 8 veM varSa meM pATaliputra para eka bar3I senA lekara prAkramaNa kara diyaa|' saMbhava hai puSyamitra ne kaliMgarAja kI ajeya zakti ke samakSa jhuka kara bhaviSya meM jainoM para kisI prakAra ke atyAcAra na karane kI pratijJA kara khAravela ke sAtha saMdhi kara lI hogI / saMdhi ke pazcAt khAravela ke lauTa jAne para jaba jaina dharma ke parama vidveSI puSyamitra ne puna: jainoM para atyAcAra karanA prArambha kiyA to pahale AkramaNa ke cAra varSa pazcAt khAravela ne apane rAjya ke 12veM varSa meM eka vizAla senA le kara pATaliputra para AkramaNa kiyA / usane puSyamitra ke sugAMgeya nAmaka rAjaprAsAda meM apane hAthiyoM ko pAnI pilaayaa| puSyamitra ko apane pairoM para girA kara naMdarAjanIta kAliMgajina saMnivesa'..."aura ratnAdi ko le kara khAravela punaH kaliMga lauTa gayA / ____ isa prakAra jainoM ke usa samaya ke bhayaMkara zatru puSyamitra se acchI taraha nibaTa cukane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 327 se 326 ke bIca ke kisI samaya meM 'Thame ca vase mahatA senA....."gorapagiri ghAtApayitA rAjagaha upapIDApayati (1) etinaM ca kaMmApadAna-saMnAdena saMvitasena-vAhano vipamuMcit madhuraM prapayAto yavanarAja himita / [kaliMga ca. ma. khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vi. pR. 15] 2 vArasame ca vase....."hasa ke ja. sabasehi.."vitAsayati uttarApatha - rAjAno........ magavAnaM ca vipulaM bhayaM janeto hathI sugaMgIya (.) pAyayati (1) mAgadhaM ca rAjAnaM vasahatimitaM pAde vaMdApayati (1) naMdarAjanItaM ca kAliMgajinaM saMnivesaM ....... gaha-ratanAna pamhiArehi aMgamAgadhavasuM ca neyAti (1) (kaliMga cakravartI mahArAja khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa zrI ke. pI. jAyasavAlakRta pR. 16)

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472 prA. li. kA. rAjavaMza ] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : bhAyaM balissaha khAravela ne kumAragiri para zramaraNasaMgha prAdi catuvidha saMgha ko ekatrita kara dvAdazAMgI ke pAThoM ko suvyavasthita karavAyA hogA / zrAgama-vAcanArtha Ayojita uparokta sammelana meM 'himavanta sthavirAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra vAcanAcArya prArya balissaha bhI sammilita the / isa prakAra ke ullekha se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki prArya balissaha kA vAcanAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 245 se 327-326 taka rhaa| jaba taka anya prakAra kA koI ullekha upalabdha na ho taba taka himavanta sthavirAvalI ke upariuddhRta ullekha ko aprAmANika mAnane kA koI kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM zrArya balisha kI pUrNa zrAyu kama se kama 105 varSa honA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai / uparokta tathyoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vicAra kiyA jAya to bhArya balissaha ke vAcanAcAryakAla meM nimnalikhita pramukha rAjAoM kA rAjyakAla honA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai : --- 1. maurya samrAT bindusAra ke vIra ni0 saM0 233 se 258 taka ke 25 varSa ke rAjyakAla meM se 13 varSa ( vIra ni0 saM0 245 se 258 taka ) kA rAjyakAla / 2. maurya samrAT azoka kA vIra ni0 saM0 258 se 283 taka rAjyakAla / 3. mauryasamrAT samprati kA vIra ni0 saM0 283 se 293 taka kA zAsanakAla / usameM se prathama do varSa pATaliputra meM praura zeSa 6 varSa ujjayinI meM / 4. jaina paramparAnusAra puNyaratha aura vRhadratha tathA hindU paurANika paramparAnusAra zAlika, devavarmA, zatadhanuSa aura vRhadratha kA anumAnataH vIra nirvANa saM0 293 se 323 taka rAjyakAla / maurya samrAT samprati ke pazcAt ina rAjAdhoM kA ujjayinI para bhI adhikAra rahA / 5. kaliMga meM bhikkhurAya praparanAma mahAmeghavAhana tathA khAravela' kA jaisA ki prAge batAyA jAyagA, anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 316 se 329 taka kA zAsanakAla / 6. puSyamitra ke vIra ni0 saM0 322 se 352 taka ke 30 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM se vIra ni0 saM0 327-326 ke bIca taka kA kAla / puSyamitra kI rAjadhAnI bhI pATaliputra meM rahI praura ujjayinI kA rAjya bhI isake adhIna rahA / * tassa raNaM bhikkhurAyaNissa tiSNi NAmadhijje evamAhijjeti / evaM gaM ggiMThAlaM bhikkhuNaM bhatiM kuNamAraNo bhimburAvati / dubvaM gaM giva pumvavAraNugaya mahAmeharaNAmadhijja gayavAhaNalAe mhaamehbaahyti| tIyaM NaM tassa sAvarata rAvahAsItAe sArakhelA hivati / [himavanta-sthavirAvalI ]

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48. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mA. bali. kA. rAjavaMza uparyullikhita rAjAoM meM se bindusAra, azoka aura samprati ke rAjyakAla kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA vivaraNa Upara yathAsthAna de diyA gayA hai| hAM, samprati ke rAjyakAla ke sambandha meM vibhinna ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| jinasundarakRta dIpAlikAkalpa meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANAnantara 300 varSa vyatIta ho jAne para samprati huaa|' kintu himavanta sthavirAvalI meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 244 meM samprati ko pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para biThalA kara azoka nidhana ko prApta hunaa| samprati kevala do varSa hI pATaliputra meM rahane ke pazcAt apanI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI le gayA aura zeSa 6 varSa taka vahIM rAjya karatA rahA / ' jina zAsana kI aneka prakAra se mahatI prabhAvanAeM kara samprati vIra ni0 saM0 263 meM divaMgata huaa| himavanta sthavirAvalI meM samprati kA zAsanakAla 46 varSa batAyA gayA hai / vastutaH vIra ni0 saM0 155 meM nandavaMza ke aMta aura mauryavaMza ke prabhyudaya kI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para mauryazAsana kI saMgati baiThAne ke liye hI isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki himavanta sthavirAvalIkAra ne samprati ke nidhana kA samaya to ThIka diyA hai, para usake rAjyAsIna hone kA samaya ullikhita karate samaya uparokta mAnyatA ke anusAra mauryazAsanakAla kI saMgati baiThAne meM samprati kA zAsanakAla 11 varSa ke sthAna para bar3hA kara 46 varSa kara diyA hai| vastutaH candragupta maurya ne vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM nandavaMza kA anta kara mauryazAsana kA sUtrapAtra kiyA thaa| isa sambandha meM pahale vistAra ke sAtha prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| mauryazAsana ke samIcInatayA paryavekSaNa se samprati kA zAsanakAla vIra ni0 saM0 282-83 se 263 taka kA hI ThIka baiThatA hai / samprati ke nidhana ke manantara jainAcAryoM ne puNyaratha aura usake pazcAt vRhadratha - kevala ina do mauryavaMzI rAjAmoM kA pATaliputra meM zAsana hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| ghaTanAkrama ke paryavekSaNa se yahAM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki azoka kI mRtyu ke do varSa pazcAt gRhakalaha ke kAraNa samprati ko apanI rAjadhAnI 'dinato mama mokSasya, gate vrssshttrye| ujjayinyAM mahApuryA, bhAvI sampratibhUpatiH // 107 / / [dIpAlikAkalpa] 2. tamaDhe soccA masoma NiveNaM kohAkkateNaM tAM Niyabhajja mAritA dosaparAvare vi praNege rAjakumArA maariyaa| pacyA kuNAlaputtaM saMpadaNAmapijja.rajje ThAittA se raNaM masoma zivo vIrAmo cattAlIsAhiya do saya vAsesu viikkatesu paralomaM ptto| [himavanta sthavirAvalI] saMpara riNavovi pADaliputtami NiyANegasattubhayaM muNittA rAyahAriNa taccA pugviM NiyapiubhuttilakhAvaMtINayarimmi. Thimo suhaMsuheNaM rajjaM kuNai / [vahI] 4 maha vIrAmo dosayateNaui vAsesu vikkatesu jipammArAhaNaparo saMpai Nivo sagnaM ptto|

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prA0 bali0 kA0 rAjavaMza] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prArya balissaha 481 pATaliputra se haTAkara avantI (ujjayinI) sthAnAntarita karanI pdd'ii| azoka ke rAjyakAla meM pATaliputra bauddhoM kA sudRr3ha kendra bana cukA thaa| bahuta sambhava hai ki bauddhadharmAvalambiyoM ne azoka ke dvitIya putra dazaratha ko- jo ki bauddhadharmAvalambI thA-- magadha ke siMhAsana para biThAne kA prabala prayatna kiyA ho / aura bauddhoM ke prAbalya athavA anya kAraNoM se samprati ko apane zAsana ke do varSa pazcAt pATaliputra kA parityAga kara kuNAla ko kumArabhUkti meM prApta avantIrAjya kI nagarI ujjayinI meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita karanI par3I ho| ___ pATaliputra se avantI kI ora samprati ke prasthita hote hI azoka ke dUsare putra dazaratha ne pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyaa| aura isa prakAra maurya-rAjya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| pATaliputra meM dazaratha kA rAjya rahA aura avanti meM samprati kaa| "saMpai riNavovi pADaliputtaMmi riNayANegasattubhayaM muNittA, rAyahAriMga taccA .... avaMtIraNayarimmi Thigro. suhaMsuheNaM rajjaM. kunni|" himavantasthavirAvalI ke isa pATha se bhI isa ghaTanA kI satyatA siddha hotI hai| vIra ni0 saM0 263 meM samprati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt saMbhava hai pATaliputra ke mauryavaMzIya rAjA dazaratha ke putra ne avantirAjya para bhI adhikAra kara liyaa| saMprati ke nidhana ke pazcAt jaina granthoM meM puNyaratha aura vRhadratha - ina do maurya rAjAoM kA hI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| isa prakAra jaina granthoM ke ullekhAnusAra candragupta dvArA prApta kI gaI rAjasattA (1) candragupta, (2) bindusAra, (3) azoka, (4) kuraNAla, (5) samprati, (6) puNyaratha aura (7) vRhadratha ina sAta pIr3hiyoM taka hI rhii| jabaki nanda kI rAjakumArI dvArA candragupta ke ratha meM eka paira rakhane ke samaya candragupta ke ratha ke 6 grAroM ke TUTane para cANakya ke kathanAnusAra candragupta kI 6 pIr3hiyoM taka mauryavaMza kA rAjya rahanA cAhiye 1 isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki samprati aura vahadratha ke zAsanakAla ke bIca kI avadhi meM maurya sattA ke pATaliputra aura ujjayinI ina do pRthaka sthAnoM meM, do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hone tathA punaH eka hone ke kAraNa kahIM kucha bhrAnti ho jAne ke phalasvarUpa do maurya rAjAroM kA ullekha karane meM kahIM koI traTi raha gaI ho| sanAtana paramparA ke purANagranthoM meM candragupta se lekara vRhadratha taka hai maurya rAjAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bhAgavatkAra kA etadviSayaka ullekha sarvAdhika spaSTa hai| bhAgavatkAra ne eka ke pazcAt hone vAle nimnalikhita 6 mauryavaMzI rAjAoM ke nAma diye haiM - 1. candragupta, 2. vArisAra, 3. azokavarddhana, 4. suyazA, 5. saMgata, 6. zAlizUka. 7. somazarmA (somavarmA), 8. zatadhanvA. aura 6. vRhadratha / ' ' sa eva guptaM ve, dvijo rAjye'bhipekSyati / tatsuto vArisArastu, tatazcAzokavarddhanaH / / 13 / /

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482 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pA. bali kA. rAjavaMza bhAgavatakAra ne uparokta 6 nAma dene ke pazcAt likhA hai - "mauryA hyete daza nRpAH" aisA pratIta hotA hai ki viSNupurANa meM pAMcaveM maurya rAjA kA nAma dazaratha diyA hai, jo ki samprati ke ujjayinI cale jAne ke anantara pATaliputra kA adhipati banA ! matsyapurANa' meM bhI dazaratha ke nAma sahita 10 maurya rAjAoM kA ullekha hai| saMbhava hai usI mAnyatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhAgavatakAra ne daza nAma na dekara bhI 10 kI saMkhyA ullikhita kara dI ho| vAyu purANa meM 6 maurya rAjAoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| ... "6 pIr3hiyoM taka tumhArA rAjya calatA rahegA"-pariziSTa parvakAra prAcArya hemacandra dvArA cANakya ke mukha se kahalavAye gaye isa vAkya kI saMgati tabhI baiThatI hai, jabaki candragupta se lekara vRhadratha taka maurya rAjAoM kI saMkhyA 6 mAnI jAya / uparilikhita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para, purANakAroM dvArA uparokta kama se dI gaI maurya rAjAoM kI saMkhyA hI ucita pratIta hotI hai| bhinna-bhinna granthakAroM dvArA, inameM se katipaya rAjAoM kA nAmabheda ke sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA hai, isake pIche yaha kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki una rAjAoM ko aparanAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA rahA ho.| udAharaNasvarUpa kuraNAla' aura 'samprati', kama se kama ye do nAma to una rAjAoM ke vAstavika nAma na hokara nyAra ke nAma hI ho sakate haiN| . isa prakAra yadi Arya balissaha kA vAcanAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 245 se 326 taka kA arthAt 84 varSa kA mAnA jAya to yaha kahanA hogA ki unake prAcAryakAla meM bindusAra kA 13 varSa aura zeSa 7 maurya rAjAoM kA 65 varSa taka zAsana rhaa| kaliMgapati mahAmeghavAhana khAravela kAliMgAdhipati mahArAjA bhikkharAya khAravela kA sthAna kaliMga ke itihAsa meM to ananyatama hai hI para jaina itihAsa meM bhI unakA nAma svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita kiyA jAtA rahakara amara rhegaa| apane rAjya kI abhivaddhi ke liye suyazA bhavitA tasya, saMgataH suyazaH sutaH / zAlizUkastatastasya, momazarmA bhaviSyati / / 14 / / zatadhanvA tatastasya, bhavitA tad vRhadrathaH / moryA hyate daza nRpAH, saptatriMzacchatottaram / / 15 / / [zrImadbhAgavata, skandha 12, pra0 1] ' ityete daza mauryAstu, ye bhokSyanti vasundharAm / [matsyapurANa, a0 271, zloka 21 se 25] 2 ityete nava bhUpA ye, bhokSyanti ca vasundharAm / saptatrizacchataM pUrNa tebhyastu gobhaviSyati / / 165 / / [vAyupurANa, anuSaMgapAda-samApti]

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483 kali0 mahAmegha0 khAra0] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya balissaha sainika abhiyAna karane vAle rAjAoM kI gaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| aise udAharaNoM se vizva ke itihAsa bhare par3e haiN| kintu dUsare rAjya ke zaktizAlI rAjA dvArA kiye gaye atyAcAroM se saMtrasta svadharmI prajA ke kAraNa ke liye yuddha kA khatarA uThAne ke udAharaNa virale hI dRSTigocara hote haiN| mahArAjA khAravela ne na kevala jainadharma aura jana saMskRti ke vikAsa ke liye apanA amUlya yogadAna dekara kaliMga kI kIti meM abhivRddhi kI apitu unhoMne magadha rAjya kI jaina prajA aura nigraMtha zramaNoM para pAzavika atyAcAra karane vAle magadhapati puSyamitra zaMga (aparanAma bRhaspatimitra) para do bAra prAkramaNa kara use daNDita evaM parAjita kiyaa|' vigata anekoM sahasrAbdiyoM ke itihAsa meM isa prakAra kA anya koI udAharaNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isase khAravela ke jaina dharma ke prati pragAr3ha prema, anupama svadharmIvAtsalya, adbhuta sAhasa aura apratima vIratA, mahAnatA prAdi kA spaSTataH paricaya prApta hotA hai| yaha bar3e prAzcarya kI bAta hai ki dhArmika, rAjanaitika evaM aitihAsika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahatvapUrNa khAravela jaise mahAn rAjA kA bhAratIya grantharAzi meM aura vizeSataH jaina sAhitya meM kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM hai| kaliMga cakravartI khAravela kA yatkicita paricaya hAthIgaMphA ke zilAlekha evaM 'himavanta-sthavirAvalI' nAmaka eka choTI sI hastalikhita pustikA se prApta huA hai / ___hAthiguMphA vAlA khAravela kA zilAlekha ur3isA pradezAntargata bhuvanezvara tIrtha ke nikaTastha kumAragiri (khaNDagiri athavA udayagirI) kI eka caur3I guphA ke Upara khudA humA hai| himavanta sthavirAvalI meM kaliMgapati khAravela ke sambandha meM jo ullekha haiM, unase hAthIguMphA ke zilAlekha meM upalabdha katipaya vivaraNoM kI na kevala puSTi hI hotI hai apitu zilAlekha meM uTaiMkita do-tIna tathyoM para viziSTa prakAza par3atA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM uparokta zilAlekha aura himavanta sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita nimnalikhita tathya draSTavya haiM : (1) hAthIguMphA ke zilAlekha meM khAravela ke vaMza kA paricaya dete hue likhA hai: - "cetarAjavasavadhanena" - arthAt ceta vaMza kA vardhana karane vAle ne / zilAlekha ke isa vAkya ke mAdhAra para katipaya vidvAn kaliMgapati khAravela ko cedi vaMza kA, to katipaya vidvAn caitravaMza kA mAnate haiM / (2) hima za sthavirAvalI meM khAravela ko ceTavaMzIya batAte hue likhA hai ki kUriNaka ke sAtha yuddha meM parAjita ho vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke adhipati mahArAja ceTaka ke svargagamana ke pazcAt unakA zobhanarAya nAmaka putra apane zvasura kaliMga - 'dekhizArata ke hApIguphA vAle zilAlekha kI paMkti saMkhyA 8 mora 12 / [sampAdaka]

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484 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kaliM0 mahAmegha0 khAra0 pati sulocana ke pAsa calA gyaa| sulocana ke koI putra nahIM thA ataH usane apane jAmAtA zobhanarAya ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyaa| tadanusAra sulocana kI mRtyu ke pazcAt zobhanarAya kaliMga ke siMhAsana para baitthaa| ceTaka ke putra zobhanarAya kI dazavIM pIr3hI meM khAravela huaa| isa prakAra khAravela ke zilAlekha meM vidyamAna 'cetarAjavasavadhanena' isa saMdigdha vAkyAMza ko himavanta sthavirAvalI meM pUrNataH spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai| (3) hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha meM jAyasabAlajI ke vAcana ke anusAra aMgazAstroM ke uddhAra se sambandhita kevala itanA hI ullekha hai ki - mauryakAla meM vicchinna hue 64 adhyAya vAle aMgasaptika kA cauthA bhAga phira se taiyAra karavAyA / ' (4) himavanta sthavirAvalI meM aMga-zAstroM ke uddhAra ke sambandha meM spaSTa ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kumAragiri para khAravela dvArA Ayojita usa caturvidha saMgha ke sammelana meM kina-kina zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM, zrAvakoM aura zrAvikAoM ne bhAga liyaa| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki prArya balissaha Adi jinakalpiyoM kI tulanA karane vAle200 zramaNoM, prAryasusthita prAdi 300 sthavirakalpI sAdhuoM, prAryA poigI Adi 300 zramarigayoM, bhikSarAja, sIvaMda, cUrNaka, selaka Adi 700 zrAvakoM aura purNamitrA (khAravela kI agramaMhiSI) Adi 700 zrAvikAoM ne kumAra giri para hue usa sammelana meM bhAga liyA / bhikkhurAya kI prArthanA para una sthavira zramaraNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ne avaziSTa jinapravacana ko sarvasammata svarUpa meM bhojapatra, tAr3apatra valkala prAdi para likhA aura isa prakAra ve sudharmA dvArA upadiSTa dvAdazAMgI ke rakSaka bane / hAthIguMphA vAle khAravela ke zilAlekha meM aise kisI nizcita saMvat kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai jisase ki khAravela. ke sattAkAla kA asaMdigdha rUpa se nirNaya kiyA jA ske| phira bhI usameM kucha aise aitihAsika tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jinase khAravela kA sattAkAla nizcita karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| khAravela ke uparicarcita hAthoguMphA vAle zilAlekha kI sAtavIM paMkti ke aMta meM tathA AThavIM paMkti meM likhA hai ki khAravela ne apane rAjya ke pAThaveM varSa meM eka bahuta bar3I senA le goratha giri ko tor3akara rAjagRha nagara ko ghera liyaa| khAravela kI zauryagAthAoM ke zaMkhanAda ko sunakara yavanarAja Dimita-DimiTriyasa ' muriyakAlavocchinnaM ca coyaThi aMga satikaM turiyaM upAdayati / [khAravela kA zilAlekha] 2 iha teNaM NiveNaM coiehiM tehi therehiM aji- prasiThaM jiNapavayaNaM diThivAyaM riNaggaMThagaNApro yovaM thovaM sAhiitA mujja lAipattesu prakkharasatrivAyovayaM .kAraittA bhivakhurAyaNiyamaraNorahaM pUritA pra vaesiyaduvAlasaMgIrakkhamA te saMjAyA / remavanta spavirAvanI]

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kaliM0 mahAmegha0 khAra0 ) daza pUrvaghara - kAla : zrAyaM balissaha 485 mathurA kA gherA uThAkara apane dala-bala sahita vApisa ( apane deza kI ora ) loTa gayA / 1 zilAlekha kI ye donoM paMktiyAM aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| yaha pahale siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki puSyamitra vIra ni0 saM0 323 meM mauryavaMza ke antima rAjA vRhadratha ko mArakara magadha ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / rAjyArohaNa karate hI usane bauddhoM aura jainoM para bhayaMkara atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye| bauddhoM kI mahAyAna zAkhA ke graMtha 'divyAvadAna' meM puSyamitra dvArA kiye gae atyAcAroM kA bar3A hI romAMcaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| usameM likhA hai : 'puSyamitra ne rAjyAsIna hote hI apane maMtriyoM se pUchA ki kina kAryoM ko karane se usakA nAma cirasthAyI raha sakatA hai ? jaba maMtriyoM ne use azoka kI taraha dharmakArya karane kI salAha dI, to vaha use rucikara nahIM lgii| eka brAhmaNa dvArA sujhAye gaye upAya ke anusAra usane saMghArAmoM, stUpoM Adi ko naSTa karane kA saMkalpa kiyA aura usane apane rAjya meM yaha ghoSaNA karavA dI ki jo koI vyakti use zramaraNa kA zira lAkara degA use vaha pratyeka zira ke badale meM 100 svarNamudrAeM degA / 2 tadanusAra puSyamitra ke rAjya meM zramaNoM kI hatyAeM kI jAne lagIM / puSyamitra ne svayaM eka bar3I senA lekara pATaliputra se zyAlakoTa taka ke saMghArAmoM aura bauddha stUpoM ko vidhvasta kara diyA / jaina granthoM meM kalki dvArA jaina zramaraNoM para kiye gae atyAcAroM kA jo varNana upalabdha hotA hai, vaha vastutaH puSyamitra dvArA kiye gae atyAcAroM kA hI vivaraNa pratIta hotA hai / divyAvadAna meM puSyamitra sambandhI ullekhoM ke adhyayana se yaha anAyAsa hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki puSyamitra ko apanA nAma cirasthAI banAne kI bar3I tIvra utkaNThA thI / ataH usane magadha ke siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hote hI, apane vizvasta parAmarzadAtAoM ke parAmarzAnusAra bauddhadharma aura jaina dharma ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkane ke dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha jainoM aura bauddhoM para ghora atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye / jo anya dharmAvalambI pichalI kaI zatAbdiyoM se rAjyAzraya se vaMcita rahe, una logoM kA nizcita rUpa se puSyamitra ko apane dharmAndhatA ke usa abhiyAna meM pUrNa samarthana prApta huA hogA / isa anumAna ko pataMjali vyAkaraNa bhASyakAra ke - 'puSyamitraM yAjayAmaH', isa vAkya se paryApta bala milatA hai / itihAsakAroM ne - , khAravela kA zilAlekha, paMkti 2 yAvat puSyamitro yAvat saMghArAmaM bhikSUMzca praghAtayan prasthitaH sa yAvat zAkalamanuprAptaH / tenAbhihitaM - yo me zramaraNaziro dAsyati tasyAhaM dInArazataM dAsyAmi / [ divyAvadAna, zravadAna 26 ]

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451 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kali0 mahAmegha0 khAra0 pataMjali kA samaya bhI IsA se 200-175 varSa pUrva kA tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 327-352 ke prAsapAsa kA mAnA hai| yaha samaya puSyamitra ke rAjyakAla aura bAda taka kA hai| tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 323 meM pATaliputra ke rAjasiMhAsana ko hathiyAte hI puSyamitra ne bauddhoM aura jainoM para atyAcAra karane prArambha kiye aura isakI sUcanA prApta hote hI khAravela ne (apane rAjya ke 8veM varSa meM) vIra ni0 saM0 324 meM puSyamitra para pahalA aAkramaNa kiyaa| khAravela ne apane rAjya ke bArahaveM varSa meM tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 328 meM dUsarI bAra puSyamitra ko parAjita kiyaa| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki khAravela vIra ni0 saM0 316 meM kaliMga ke rAjyasiMhAsana para baitthaa| hAthIguMphA ke zilAlekha meM khAravela ke rAjyakAla ke 13 varSoM kA hI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isa para itihAsajJoM kA yaha anumAna hai ki saMbhavataH 13 varSa rAjya karane ke pazcAt khAravela kI mRtyU ho gaI ho| isa prakAra zilAlekha para diye gaye vivaraNoM se itanA to spaSTa ho jAtA hai kivIra ni0 saM0 316 se 326 taka khAravela kA sattAkAla sunizcita rUpa se rahA / himavanta sthavirAvalI meM bhI khAravela ke divaMgata hone kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 330 diyA huA hai|' himavantasthavirAvalI meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki khAravela vIra ni0 saM0 30. meM kaliMga ke rAjasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha huaaa| sthavirAvalIkAra kA yaha kapana, tathyoM kI kasauTI para kase jAne ke anantara khAravela ke hAthIguMphA vAle hilAlekha ke etaviSayaka ullekha kI tulanA meM prAmANika nahIM tthhrtaa| zilAlekha meM uTaiMkita isa tathya se ki khAravela ne apane rAjya ke 8 veM varSa meM puSyamitra para pahalA maura 12veM varSa meM dUsarA aAkramaNa kiyA- yaha bhalI-bhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki vaha vIra ni0 saM0 316 meM kaliMga ke rAjayasiMhAsana para baiThA / puSyamitra ne 323 meM mauryarAjya kA anta kara pATaliputra ke rAjyasiMhAsana para baiThate hI baba banoM para atyAcAra karanA prArambha kiyA to khAravela ne use rAha para lAne ke lie magadha para apane rAjya ke 8 veM varSa meM tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 324 meM pahalA pAkramaNa pora vIra ni0 saM0 328 meM dUsarA AkramaNa kiyA, yaha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai| itihAsavidoM ke anumAna ke anusAra yadi isa bAta ko ThIka mAna liyA bAya kihAcIguphA ke zilAlekha meM khAravela ke rAjya ke kevala teraha varSoM kA ho vivaraNa diyA hamA hai, yaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki usake pazcAt khAravela kI mRtyu ho gaI, to usa dazA meM himavanta sthavirAvalI meM khAravela ke vIra ni0 saM0 33. meM nidhana ko prApta hone kA ullekha karIba-karoba sahI siddha hotA hai| ekhaviNasAsalapabhAvago misurAya riNavo Nege dhammakayAriNa kiccA sujhAyovavepo pArAbora sosAhita tisaya bAsesu vidakatemu saggaM ptto| [himavanta sthavirAvalI]

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487 bhivAvarAya khAravela kA vaMza] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya balissaha tatkAlIna aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ke sAkSya se yaha siddha hotA hai ki vastutaH khAravela kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 262 meM, yuvarAjapada 307 meM, rAjyAbhiSeka 316 meM aura nidhana vIra ni0 saM0 326 meM hanA thaa| bhikkharAya khAravela kA vaMza kaliMgapati bhikkhurAya khAravela ke sambandha meM yadyapi hAthIgaMphA ke zilAlekha tathA himavanta sthavirAvalI meM paryApta ullekha vidyamAna haiM tathApi isa sambandha meM vidvAn adyAvadhi kisI nizcita evaM sarvamAnya nirNaya para nahIM pahuMca sake haiN| aMtaH khAravela ke vaMza ke sambandha meM yahAM thor3A prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| himavanta sthavirAvalI meM bhikkhurAya ko vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke pramukha mahArAjA ceTaka ke putra zobhanarAya kA vaMzaja batAyA gayA hai| hAthIguphA ke zilAlekha meM bhikkhurAya ke vaMza ke sambandha meM do bAra ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ahaMtoM evaM siddhoM ko namaskAra ke pazcAt isa zilAlekha kA pahalA zanda airena vastutaH bhikkhurAya ke vaMza ke viSaya meM paryApta prakAza DAla detA hai| isase do zabda pazcAt hI "cetarAjavasavadhanena" yaha eka aura zabda dekara lekha kI pahalI paMkti meM hI khAravela ke vaMza kA pUrNa paricaya de diyA gayA hai| ralayoH Dalayozcava, zaSayoH vabayostathA / vadantyeSAM tu sAvarNyamalaMkAravido janAH / / isa sarvajanasuvidita sUkti ke anusAra ailena zabda ko uparokta prathama paMkti meM 'airena' likhA gayA hai jisakA sIdhA sA artha hai- candravaMzI ne / purANa-itihAsa ke vijJa isa tathya se bhalIbhAMti paricita haiM ki candraputra budha aura ilA.ke saMyoga se utpanna hue pururavA se candravaMza kI utpatti huii| purANoM meM candravaMza ko somavaMza aura ailavaMza ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ilA kA putra hone ke kAraNa pururavA kI aila nAma se bhI prasiddhi huii| candravaMza kI prAge cala kara aneka zAkhA-prazAkhaeM prasRta huii| pururavA ke pratApI putra kA nAma yayAti thaa| yayAti ke choTe putra yadu se yAdava vaMza calA, Age cala kara yAdava vaMza kI bhI aneka zAkhAeM huii| yadu ke bar3e putra sahasrajit ke eka hI putra thA jisakA nAma thA zatajit / zatajit ke tIsare aura sabase choTe putra haihaya se haihayavaMzI yAdava kSatriyoM kI zAkhA pracalita huii| mahArAja ceTaka isI haihayavaMzI zAkhA ke candravaMzI, somavaMzI athavA ailavaMzI kSatriya the| unake putra zobhanarAya ne kaliMga meM apane zvasura ke pAsa zaraNa lI aura usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt ve kaliMgapati bane / una zobhanarAya kI vaMzaparamparA meM hI bhikkhurAya humA, isI kAraNa ise zilAlekha meM aila likhA gayA hai| 'zrImadbhAgavata, kaMgha 6, pra. 1

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488 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhikvurAya khAravela kA vaMza yayAti ke bar3e putra anu kI vaMza paramparA meM Age cala kara hue kaliMga nAmaka rAjakumAra ke nAma para kaliMga kA rAjavaMza aura kaliMga rAjya claa|' isa dRSTi se zobhanarAya se pahale ke rAjA bhI candravaMzI hI the para ve haihaya zAkhA ke nahIM, apitu kaliMga zAkhA ke the / bArhadrathoM ke nAma se vikhyAta cedivaMza bhI mUlataH candravaMza kI hI zAkhA hone ke kAraNa kSatriyoM kI cedi zAkhA meM utpanna huyA pratyeka vyakti bhI 'aila' ke vizeSaNa se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH candravaMzI rAjA yayAti ke parama pitRbhakta putra puru se jo pauravoM kA vaMza calA, usI se kSatriyoM kI cedI zAkhA nikalI thii| cedi deza ke adhipati uparicara vasu kI gaNanA puruvaMza ke pUrva - puruSoM meM kI gaI hai| vaidika paramparA ke purANoM tathA jaina paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM uparicara vasu ko harivaMza (candravaMza) kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai / ___ isa prakAra kaliMga kA rAjavaMza, cedi rAjavaMza aura haihaya-kSatriya ceTaka kA vaMza-ye tInoM hI rAjavaMza candravaMzI mAne gaye haiM, ataH inheM somavaMzI aura ailavaMzI tathA harivaMzI- ina nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| hAthIgaMphA ke zilAlekha meM prayukta 'ailena' evaM 'cetarAjavasavadhanena' ina zabdoM ke AdhAra para nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki khAravela uparokta tIna rAjavaMzoM meM se kisa vaMza ke the / himavanta sthavirAvalI meM isa gutthI ko sulajhAte hue spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki bhikkhurAya khAravela candravaMzI haihaya kSatriya ceTaka ke vaMzadhara the| ___ isa zilAlekha kI dUsarI paMkti meM 'venAbhivijayo' zabda ko dekha kara kucha vidvAnoM ne uttAnapAda ke vaMza meM utpanna vena ke sAtha khAravela kA sambandha jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jo nirAdhAra hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI dazA meM mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| zilAlekha meM prayukta 'venAbhivijayo' zabda ke prayoga se bhikkhurAya khAravela ko garur3a kI taraha prabala vega se zatruoM para AkramaNa kara vijaya prApta karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai / khAravela ke zilAlekha kA lekhanakAla hAthIguMphA vAle khAravela ke zilAlekha ke sambandha meM jahAM taka hamArA khayAla hai prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM kA yahI abhimata rahA hai ki yaha zilAlekha svayaM khAravela ne apane jIvana-kAla meM hI uTTa kita karavAyA thA para vAstavikatA isase kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai| isa lekha meM prayukta zabdoM para bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se tathA isameM cacita ghaTanA para aitihAsika sandarbha ke sAtha gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para yaha siddha ' zrImadbhAgavata, navama skandha, a0 30, zloka 5 2 zrImadbhAgavata, navama skandha, a0 22, zloka 6 3 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhA0 1, pR0 144, 150

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486 sAravela ke zi0 kA le0] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya balissaha ho jAtA hai ki yaha zilAlekhna khAravela kI mRtyu ke pacAsa varSa pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 376, tadanusAra I0 pUrva 148 meM likhavAyA gyaa| nimnalikhita tathyoM se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai : 1. zilAlekha kI 16vIM paMkti meM likhA hai - "khemarAjA sa vaDharAjA sa bhikhurAjA pasaMto anubhavaMto kalANAni" isa paMkti meM khAravela ke liye sa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jo tat zabda kA prathamA vibhakti kA eka vacana kA rUpa hai| yaha sarvajanavidita hai ki bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se tat zabda kA prayoga deza athavA kAla se antarita - dUradarzI vyakti ke liye hI kiyA jAtA hai| bhikkhurAya ke liye yaha 'sa' zabda kA prayoga isa bAta kA saMketa karatA hai ki yaha zilAlekha bhikkhurAya kI vidyamAnatA meM athavA jIvanakAla meM nahIM likhavAyA gyaa| yadi yaha zilAlekha bhikkhurAya ke jIvanakAla meM likhavAyA gayA hotA to nizcita rUpa se unake liye 'sa' ke sthAna para 'eSaH' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jaataa| 2. zilAlekha kI 16vIM paMkti meM Upara 'uddhata kiye gaye vAkya se pahale nimnalikhita vAkya diyA huA hai : "muriyakAle vochine ca coyaThisatikaMtariye upAdayati / isa vAkya kI saMskRta chAyA hogI- "mauryakAle vyutchinne ca catuSpaSTiagrazatakAMtarite utpAdayati / " isakA sIdhA-sA artha hotA hai - mauryakAla kI samApti ke pazcAt arthAt maurya saM0 1.64 meM uTTa kita karavAyA gayA hai| __ jaisA ki pramANapuraskAra siddha kiyA jA cukA hai mauryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 215 meM prArambha hokara 108 varSa pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 323, tadanusAra I0 pUrva 204 meM samApta ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra maurya saM0 164 aMtima maurya rAjA vRhadratha kI mRtyu ke 56 varSa pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 376 tadanusAra I0 pUrva 148 meM mAtA hai| Upara yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki bhikkhurAya khAravela kA sattAkAla vIra ni0 saM0 316 se 326 tadanusAra 211 se 198 I0 pUrva taka rhaa| zilAlekha kI 16vIM paMkti ke uparyullikhita vAkya ko zrI ke. pI. jAyasavAlajI ne nimnalikhita rUpa meM par3hA hai - "muriyakAlavochinaM ca coyaThi-aMga-satikaM turiyaM upAdayati / " unhoMne isakA artha kiyA hai - "mauryakAla meM naSTa hue 64 adhyAya vAle "aMgasaptika" ke cauthe bhAga ko saMkalita krvaayaa| kintu uparokta paMkti meM vaiDUrya ke staMbhoM ke pratisthApita kiye jAne ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha 'upAdayati' kA pATha spaSTataH yahI prakaTa karatA hai ki pramuka samaya meM hAthIguMphA ke isa lekha ko utkIrNa karavAyA gyaa| yadi aMgazAstroM athavA aMgatulya kisI grantha ke uddhAra kA ullekha isa paMkti ke dvArA abhihita hotA to nizcita rUpa se staMbha Adi kI pratiSThApanA kI tulanA meM isa mahAn kArya ko atyadhika mahatva diyA jAkara ullekha meM prAthamikatA dI jaatii|

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469 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [khA0 ke zi0 kA le0 3. khAravela ke uparokta zilAlekha meM eka aisI aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha vidyamAna hai, jo khAravela kI mRtyu ke 28 varSa pazcAt ghaTita huii| isa zilAlekha kI AThavIM paMkti meM yUnAnI AkrAmaka yavanarAja Dimita ke dalabala sahita palAyana karane (saMbhavataH baikTriyA lauTa jAne) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vaha paMkti isa prakAra hai : ___.... / aThame ca vase mahatA senA .... gorathagiri (7vIM paMkti) ghAtApayitA rAjagahaM upapIr3Apayati (1) etinaM ca kaMmApadAna - saMnAdena saMvita sena - vAhano vipamuMcitu madhuraM apayAto yavanarAja Dimita...... (paMkti 8) isa paMkti meM spaSTa rUpa se yahI darzAyA gayA hai ki kaliMgapati khAravela dvArA rAjagaha para kiye gaye pracaNDa aAkramaNa kI bAta sunakara yavanapati Dimita (DimiTriyasa) hindustAna chor3akara apane deza baikTriyA kI ora lauTa gayA / / yUnAnI AkrAntA DimiTriyasa dvArA bhArata para kiye gaye AkramaNa kA ullekha puSyamitra ke purohita evaM agnimitra ke rAjyakAla meM bhI vidyamAna vyAkaraNa bhASyakAra pataMjali ne pANinI vyAkaraNa ke sUtra "anadyatane la" ke udAharaNa meM "aruNadyavanaH sAketam," "aruNadyavano mAdhyamikAm" - ina do vAkyoM ke dvArA kiyA hai| gArgI saMhitA ke yugapurANa prakaraNa meM pAMcAla, mathurA, pATaliputra evaM madhyadeza para yavana AkramaNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ' bhISaNa gRha kalaha ke kAraNa usa yavana AkrAntA ke svadeza lauTane kA bhI gArgIsaMhitA meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yUnAnI itihAsakAroM ne bhI miDiTriyasa ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki jisa samaya vaha bhAratavijaya ke apane abhiyAna meM ulajhA huA thA, usa samaya usake pratidvandvI ne usake rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA aura isa sUcanA ke milate hI DimiTiyasa bhArata se dalabala sahita svadeza-baikTriyA lauTa gyaa| gArgIsaMhitA aura grIka itihAsakAroM ke ullekha eka dUsare kI puSTi karate haiN| yaha pahale siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki puSyamitra kA zAsana IsA pUrva 204 se IsA pUrva 174 taka arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 323 se 353 taka rhaa| yUnAnI itihAsakAra DimiTriyasa ke baikTriyA lauTane kI ghaTanA ko IsA pUrva 175 kI mAnate haiN| khAravela kA samaya 211 se 198 IsA pUrva kA tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 316 se 326 kA rahA hai| isa prakAra DimiTriyasa ke bhArata se svadeza lauTane kI ghaTanA khAravela kI mRtyu ke 23 varSa pazcAt ghaTita huI / yaha eka hI tathya isa ' tataH sAketamAkrAmya, pAMcAlAnmathurAM tthaa| yavanAH duSTavikrAntAH, prApsyanti kusumadhvajam / / [gArgIsaMhitA, yugapurANa prakaraNa] 2 madhyadeze na sthAsyanti, yavanAH yuddhadurmadAH / * prAtmacakrotthitaM ghoraM, yuddhaM paramadAruNam // [vahI]

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khA0 ke zi0 kA le0 ] dazapUrvara- kAla : bhArya balissaha 461 bAta ko siddha karane ke liye paryApta hai ki hAthIguMphA kA zilAlekhaM khAravela ke jIvanakAla meM nahIM apitu kAphI samaya pazcAt likhA gayA hai / puSyamitra zuMga bhikkhurAya khAravela dvArA Ayojita saMgha-sammelana meM prArya balissaha kI upasthiti viSayaka himavanta sthavirAvalI ke ullekha ko dRSTigata rakhate hue vicAra kiyA jAya to Arya balissaha ke AcAryakAlaM meM puSyamitra zuMga kA bhI rAjyakAla rahA / khAravela ke paricaya meM yaha to batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 323 meM antima maurya - rAjA vRhadratha kI hatyA kara puSyamitra pATaliputra ke rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA / puSyamitra brAhmaNa thA, kSatriya thA athavA kisI itara jAti kA isa sambandha meM vibhinna grabhimata upalabdha hote haiM / bauddha graMtha divyAvadAna meM puSyamitra ko kevala kSatriya hI nahIM apitu prazIka kA, vaMzaja batAyA gayA hai / zrImadbhAgavata, 2 vAyupurANa, matsyapurANa aura himavanta sthavirAvalI' meM puSyamitra ko vRhadratha kA senApati batAyA gayA hai| para inameM se kisI graMtha meM puSyamitra kI jAti ke sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / itihAsa aura purAtatva ke prasiddha vidvAn zrI ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla ne puSyamitra ko brAhmaNa jAti kA batAte hue apanI "kaliMga cakravartI mahArAja khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa" - nAmaka pustikA meM likhA hai" bahasatimitta kI riztedArI ahicchatra ke rAjAoM se thI, jo brAhmaNa the, yaha area - bhosA ke zilAlekha se sAbita hai / " pataMjali ke vyAkaraNa bhASya, zrImadbhAgavata Adi purANoM, bauddha grantha divyAvadAna aura himavanta sthavirAvalI Adi meM antima maurya rAjA vRhadratha ko mAra kara magadha ke siMhAsana para AsIna hone vAle isa zuMgarAja kA nAma puSyamitra likhA hai para khAravela ke hAthIguMphA vAle zilAlekha meM magadhapati kA ' puNyadharmaNaH puSyamitraH so'mAtyAnAmaMtrayate kaH upAyaH syAd yadasmAkaM nAma ciraM tiSThate / tairabhihitaM devasya ca vaMzAdazoko nAmnA rAjA babhUveti, tena caturazItidharmarAjikA sahasra pratiSThApitaM 'devo'pi caturazItidharmarAjikAsahasraM pratiSThApayatu / [divyAvadAna, avadAna 26] 2 hatvA vRhadrathaM maurya, tasya senApatiH kalau / puSyamitrastu zuMgAhvaH, svayaM rAjyaM kariSyati / / 3 puSpa mitrastu senAnIruddhRtya sa vRhadratham / puSyamitrastu senAnIruddhRtya sa vRhadrathAn / kArayiSyati vai rAjyaM, SaTtriMzati samA nRpaH / 4 [ zrImadbhAgavata, skaMdha 12, pra01] [ vAyu pu0, anuSaMgapAdasamApti ] [ matsya pu0, 0 271] 5 taM vi sugaya dhammAraNugaM vuDDharahaM rigavaM mAritA tassa serAhivai pupphamitto pADaliputta rajje Thizro / [ himavanta sthavirAvalI aprakAzita ]

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462 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [puSyamitra zuMga nAma vahasatimitta (bRhaspati mitra) diyA huA hai / prasiddha purAtatvavid zrI jAyasavAla ne apanI uparyallikhita pustaka meM likhA hai- "maiMne puSyamitra (jo zaMga vaMza ke brAhmaNa the) aura bRhaspatimitra kA eka honA batalAyA hai| puSya nakSatra kA bRhaspati mAlika hai| isa ekatA ko yorapa ke nAmI aitihAsikoM ne mAna liyA hai|" himavanta sthavirAvalI meM bhI spaSTa ullekha hai ki khAravela ne magadhapati puSyamitra ko yuddha meM parAjita kara apanA prAjJAnuvartI bnaayaa|' isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki puSyamitra aura bRhaspatimitra ye donoM nAma eka hI rAjA ke nAma haiN| puSyamitra kA hI apara nAma bRhaspatimitra thA, isa tathya kI puSTi purANoM ke ullekhoM etaM prAcIna sikkoM se bhI hotI hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM puSyamitra ke putra kA nAma agnimitra batAyA gayA hai, jo ki bhArata kA eka bar3A hI zaktizAlI rAjA huyA hai| ina donoM pitA-putra ke jo sikke upalabdha hue haiM, ve paraspara eka dUsare se paryApta sAmyatA rakhate haiN| bRhaspatimitra ke sikke kI taraha ThIka usI AkAra-prakAra tathA koTi kA agnimitra kA bhI sikkA milatA hai / purAtatvavidoM kA abhimata hai ki agnimitra ke sikke bRhaspatimitra ke sikkoM kI apekSA kucha pazcAdvartI kAla ke haiN| purANoM dvArA puSyamitra ke putra kA nAma agnimitra ullikhita kiyA jAnA aura bahasatimitta (bRhaspatimitra) tathA agnimitra ke sikkoM meM paryApta sAmya honA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki puSyamitra kA apara nAma bRhaspatimitra bhI thaa| . __aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki puSyamitra kA zAsanakAla magadharAjya meM jainoM tathA bauddhoM ke apakarSa kA aura vaidika karmakANDa ke utkarSa kA kAla rahA / sambhavataH kaliMgapati khAravela kI mRtyu ke pazcAt puSyamitra ne jainoM aura bauddhoM ke prati apanA kar3A rukha aura kar3A kara liyA hogaa| dakSiNa meM jaina dharma ke prabala pracAra-prasAra ke pIche puSyamitra kA jainoM ke prati kar3A rukha bhI pramukha kAraNa anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMbhava hai puSyamitra dvArA kiye gaye pratyAcAroM ne unheM magadha chor3ane ke liye vAdhya kiyA ho aura phalataH unhoMne dakSiNa ko apanA kArya-kSetra cUnA ho| uparokta ghaTanAkrama ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki Arya balissaha ke vAcanAcArya-kAla meM jahAM jaina dharma ko samprati jaise dharmaniSTha evaM parama bhakta prabhAvaka rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM pracAra-prasAra kI pUrNa suvidhA prApta huI, vahAM puSyamitra jaise jainoM se vidveSa rakhane vAle rAjA ke rAjya meM ghora saMkaTApanna daura meM se gujaranA pdd'aa| - eso raNaM bhikkhurAyo aIva parakkamajupro gayAiseraNAkaMtamahiyalamaMDalo magahAhivaM pupphamittaM NivaM mahiNi kkhittA NiyANammi ThAittA............ [himavanta sthavirAvalI]

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puSyamitra zuMga] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya balissaha 463 vAcanAcArya Arya balissaha ke samasAmayika yugapradhAnAcArya Arya guNasundara kA yugapradhAnAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 261 se 335 taka aura Arya suhastI kI paramparA ke gaNAcArya prArya susthita-supratibuddha kA gaNAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 261 se 336 taka rahA, yaha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai / Arya balissaha ke vAcanAcAryakAla meM hI ina donoM prAcAryoM ke adhikAMza AcAryakAla kA samAveza ho jAtA hai ataH inake samaya ke rAjavaMzoM ke sambandha meM pRthakataH ullekha karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jaatii| inake AcAryakAla ke sambandha meM kevala itanA hI kahanA avaziSTa raha jAtA hai ki Arya balissaha evaM kaliMgAdhipati khAravela ke divaMgata hone ke pazcAt ina donoM prAcAryoM ke prAcAryakAla meM magadha ke jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko jainoM ke prabala virodhI puSyamitra ke rAjyakAla meM anekoM bar3I kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| 12. prArya svAti AcArya balissaha ke pazcAt Arya svAti prAcArya hue| naMdIsUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra prArya svAti kA janma hArIta gotrIya brAhmaNa parivAra meM huA thA / ' Arya balissaha ke tyAgapUrNa upadeza suna kara Apako saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura Apane taruNa vaya meM saMsAra ke saba prapaMcoM kA parityAga kara prAcArya zrI ke caraNoM meM zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| dIkSita hone ke pazcAt Arya svAti ne guru kI sevA meM rahate hue bar3I niSThA evaM lagana ke sAtha kramazaH ekAdazAMgI aura 10 pUryoM kA samyakarUpeNa adhyayana kiyaa| vizeSa paricaya ke abhAva meM Apa dvArA kiye gaye zAsana-sevA ke kAryoM kA paricaya nahIM diyA jA sktaa| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM yaha saMbhAvanA abhivyakta kI gaI hai ki inhIM Arya svAti ke dvArA tatvArthasUtra Adi granthoM kI racanA kI gii| parantu itihAsajJa vidvAnoM kA isa viSaya meM matabheda hai| itihAsa lekhakoM ne prArya svAti se vAcaka umAsvAti ko bhinna mAnA hai| unake anusAra umAsvAti uccanAgara zAkhA ke vidvAn prAcArya mAne gaye haiN| isake atirikta umAsvAti kA kAla vikramIya tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai| saMbhava hai nAmasAmya ke kAraNa paTTAvalIkAra ne donoM ko eka mAna liyA ho| vIra ni0 saM0 336 (335) meM Apa svargastha hue| himavanta sthavirAvalI prAdi prAcIna gine jAne vAle granthoM meM ina pArya svAti ke dvArA tatvArthasUtra ke praNayana kA ullekha nitAnta nirAdhAra to nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki saMbhavataH ina Arya svAti ke ' hAriyagotaM sAiM ca...... [naMdIsUtra] 2 balissahasya ziSyaH svAtiH tatvArthAdayo granthAstu tatkRtA eva sabhAvyante / [paTTAvalI samuccaya, pR0 46]

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464 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [12, Arya svAti dvArA prAkRta bhASA meM sarvaprathama tatvArthasUtra ke saMkSipta mUlasvarUpa kA praNayana. kiyA gayA ho / himavantasthavirAvalI ke ullekhoM se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki prArya balissaha ke samaya se aMgavidyA ke graMthoM ke pRthakataH praraNayana kI pravRtti kA prArambha huA / ' aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa prakAra kI pravRtti tatvajijJAsutroM meM kAphI lokapriya rahI aura unakI prArthanA para athavA svataH bhavyajanahitArtha AgamoM se tatvajJAna ko uddhRta kara sarala evaM subodhya prAkRta zailI meM tatvArthasUtra kI racanA kI ho / kAlAntara meM usI tatvArthasUtra ko umAsvAti ne parivarddhita kara saMskRta bhASA meM prastuta kiyA ho / vastutaH tatvArthasUtra kI racanA zrAryasvAti ne kI athavA umAsvAti ne yaha prazna paryApta zodha kI apekSA rakhatA hai / kevala nAmasAmya kI yukti dekara ise TAla denA ucita nahIM / svAti kA AcAryakAla kaba prArambha huA, isa sambandha meM kisI nizcita kAla kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| phira bhI Arya balissaha ke paricaya meM diye gaye unake svargArohaNa ke anumAnita kAla ke AdhAra para yaha khayAla kiyA jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 326 meM Arya svAti vAcanAcArya pada para niyukta kiye gaye / isa prakAra Arya svAti kA vAcanAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 326 se 335 taka rahA / Apake vAcanAcArya kAla meM Arya guraNasundara yugapradhAnAcArya aura susthita supratibuddha garaNAcArya rahe / 13. zyAmAcArya ( kAlakAcArya) vAcanAcArya nandI sUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM vAcanAcArya svAti ke pazcAt unhIM ke ziSya Arya zyAmAcArya ko vAcanAcArya mAnA gayA hai / prabhAvaka caritra tathA kAlakAcArya-prabandha meM zyAmAcArya ko AcArya guNAkara ke pazcAt yugapradhAnAcArya batAyA gayA hai / yahI pahale kAlakAcArya haiM / isa prakAra Arya zyAmAcArya vAcakavaMza aura yugapradhAna - paramparA - donoM ke AcArya mAne gaye haiM / zyAmAcArya kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 280 meM huA / zrApane vIra ni0 saM0 300 meM 20 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA grahaNa kI / 35 varSa taka zramaraNadharma kI sAdhanA ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 335 meM Apako vAcanAcArya zraura yugapradhAna pada pradAna kiyA gayA / 41 varSa taka vAcanAcArya evaM yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahate hue apane jinazAsana kI mahatI sevA aura prabhAvanA kI / vIra ni0 saM0 376 meM Apane 66 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyA / zyAmAcAyaM apane samaya ke, dravyAnuyoga ke prakANDa vidvAn the / inhIM zyAmAcArya ko nigodavyAkhyAtA prathama kAlakAcArya mAnA gayA hai / isa sambandha ' balirasaha ziSyAH svAtyAcAryAH zrutasAgarapAragAstatvArtha sUtrAkhyaM zAstraM vihitavantaH / teSAM ziSyaM rAyaMzyAmaH prajJApanA prarUpitA / [ himavanta sthavirAvalI ]

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zyAmAcArya dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prArya zyAmAcArya meM vicArazreNI meM eka ullekha milatA hai - "eka samaya mahAvideha kSetra meM sImaMdharasvAmI nigoda kI vyAkhyA pharamA rahe the| use sunane ke pazcAt maudharmendra ne sImaMdhara prabhu se prazna kiyA - "bhavagan ! kyA bharatakSetra meM bhI isa prakAra nigoda kA varNana karane vAlA koI zrutadhara prAcArya Aja vidyamAna hai ?" __uttara meM bhagavAn ne pharamAyA - "hAM, bharatakSetra meM prArya zyAmAcArya dravyAnayoga ke viziSTa jJAtA haiN| ve tabala se nigoda kA bhI yathArtha svam batA sakate haiN|" saudharmendra ko yaha suna kara tIvra utkaNThA huI aura vaha bhantakSetra meM zyAmAcArya ko vandana karane phuNcaa| usane prAcAryazrI se nigoda kA svarUpa pUchA aura unake mukha se yathArtha svarUpa sunakara saudharmendra bar3A prasanna huyA / grAcArya ko vandana karane ke pazcAt lauTate samaya saudharmendra ne Arya zyAma ke NiyoM ko apane prAgamana se avagata karAne ke lie cinhasvarUpa upAzraya kA dvAra dUmarI dizA kI ora mor3a diyaa|' yahI zyAmAcArya pannavaraNA sUtra ke racayitA bhI haiN| yaha sUtra aAja bhI 36 padoM arthAt prakaraNoM meM vidyamAna hai| jIvAjovAdi samasta padArthoM ke prastutIkaraNa kI dRSTi se isa zAstra ko tatvajJAna kA anupama bhaNDAra kahA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana ke gahana tatvajJAna ko samajhane meM isa sUtra kA adhyayana bar3A sahAyaka mAnA gayA hai| prajJApanA sUtra ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt do vandanaparaka gAthAnoM dvArA prArya zyAma ko vandana kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAra dvArA inheM anyakarvaka batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH ye haiM bhI anyakartaka hii| una gAthAoM meM zyAmAcArya kI stuti karate hue kahA gayA hai - "vAcakavaMza ke 23 veM dhIrapuruSa, jo durdhara pUrvazruta ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM tathA jinhoMne ziSyagaraNa ke hitArtha athAha zrutasAgara se uddharaNa kara uttama zrutaratna pradAna kiyA hai, una prArya zyAmAcArya ko praNAma ho|"2 Arya zyAma ko kAlakAcArya (prathama) ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM ke paryavekSaNa se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai. ki pRthaka-pRyaka samaya meM kAlakAcArya nAma vAle 4 prAcArya hue haiN| zeSa tInoM kAlakAcAryoM kA paricaya yathAsthAna Age diyA jaaygaa| ' sirivIrajiriNadAno varisasayA tinni bIsa (320) phiyaayo| kAlayasUrI jAmo, sakko paDiyohiro jeNa / / [vicArazreNipariziSTam] 2 vAyagavaravaMsAmo, tevIsaimeNa dhIrapuriseraNaM / dudaraghareNa muriNaraNA, puzvasuyasamidabuddhIraNaM / / 3 / / suyasAgarA viNeUraNa, jeNaM suyarayaraNamuttamaM dinnaM / sIsagaNassa bhagavaro, tassa namo prajja sAmassa // 4 // [patravaNA, (rAyanapatasiMha) patra 4 (1)]

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* 466 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zyAmAcArya itihAsa ke vizeSajJa muni kalyANavijayajI ne bhI Arya zyAma ko hI prathama kAlakAcArya mAnA hai| "ratnasaMcayaprakaraNa' ke etadviSayaka ullekha para TippaNa karate hue munijI ne likhA hai - "jahAM taka hamane dekhA hai zyAmAcArya nAmaka prathama kAlakAcArya kA sattAkAla sarvatra, nirvANa saM0 280 meM janma, 300 meM dIkSA, 335 meM yugapradhAnapada aura 376 meM svargagamana likhA hai|" panavaNA sUtra ke prArambha meM Arya zyAma kI stutiparaka uparokta do gAthAoM meM zyAmAcArya ko vAcakavaMza kA 23 vAM puruSa batAyA gayA hai para paTTakramAnusAra yaha saMkhyA mela nahIM khaatii| kyoMki Arya sudharmA se Arya zyAma paTTaparamparA meM 13 veM prAcArya hote haiN| vicArazreNI meM isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki vAcakavaMza meM gaNadharoM ko sammilita kara Arya zyAma ko tebIsavAM vAcaka samajhanA cAhie / TIkAkAra ne bhI - "vAcakAH pUrvavidaH" isa pada se vAcaka kA artha pUrvavid kiyA hai| una gAthAoM meM stutikAra ne gaNadharoM kI bhI vAcakoM meM gaNanA karate hue zyAmArya ko 23 vAM vAcaka batAyA hai / ' AcArya merutuMga kA yaha kathana zatapratizata yuktisaMgata hai / vastutaH gaNadharoM kI jIvanacaryA meM eka taraha se AgamavAcanA dene kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se yadi indrabhUti Adi gaNadharoM ko vAcaka kahA jAya to isameM anaucitya ke lie koI avakAza nahIM rhtaa| isa dRSTikoNa se pannavaraNA ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt do gAthAoM meM stutikAra dvArA prArya zyAma ko vAcakavaMza kA 23 vAM dhIra puruSa batAnA saMgata hI hai| 12 veM yugapradhAnAcArya prArya zyAma vAcanAcArya prArya zyAma ke paricaya meM Upara yaha batAyA jA cUkA hai ki ki Arya svAti ke pazcAt 13 veM vAcanAcArya ke pada para tathA prArya guNasundara ke pazcAt 12 veM yugapradhAnAcArya ke pada para Arya zyAma ko niyukta kiyA gyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376 taka ina donoM mahatvapUrNa padoM para nirantara 41 varSa taka raha kara Arya zyAma ne zAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| prArya zyAma ke prAcAryakAla kI rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika sthiti 13 veM vAcanAcArya tathA 12 veM yugapradhAnAcArya - ina donoM padoM ko vibhUSita karane vAle Arya zyAma ke AcAryakAla meM puSyamitra ne vaidika dharma ko rAjyAzraya diyaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa yajJa-yAgAdi vaidika karmakANDa kA pracAraprasAra bar3hane lgaa| puSyamitra ne anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 330 se 340 ke bIca ke kisI samaya meM azvamedha yajJa kiyaa| harivaMza purANa meM isa ghaTanA kI ora siddhAnte zrI. vIrAdanvekAdazagaNabhRdbhiH saha trayoviMzatitamaH puruSaH zyAmArya iti pyaaspaatH| [vicArazreNI]

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prA0zyAma rAdhA0 sthiti] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya zyAmAcArya 467 spaSTa saMketa kiyA gayA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjA janmejaya dvArA kiye gaye vAjimedha kI parisamApti para kRSNa dvaipAyana ne rAjA se kahA - rAjan tumane jo yaha azvamedha yajJa kiyA hai, ise aba pralaya kAla taka koI kSatriya nahIM kregaa|" yaha sunakara janmejaya ko bar3I nirAzA huii| usane vyAsa se prazna kiyA- "bhagavan ! bhaviSya meM yadi aura bhI koI isa yajJa ko karane vAlA ho to usake sambandha meM mujhe vatAiye / "2 vyAsajI ne kahA - "kaliyuga meM eka kAzyapa gotrIya brAhmaNa senApati hogA, vahI tumhAre pazcAt isa yajJa ko punaH kregaa|" hAthIgaMphA ke zilAlekha para vicAra karate samaya pahale yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki yUnAnI AkrAntA DimiTriyasa ne bhikkhurAya khAravela kI mRtyu ke pazcAt puSyamitra ke rAjyakAla meM pATaliputra para AkramaNa kara usa para adhikAra bhI kara liyA thaa| isase aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki DimiTriyasa ke AkramaNa se pUrva hI puSyamitra ne azvamedha yajJa sampanna kara liyA ho| grIka itihAsakAroM ke anusAra DimiTriyasa ke - bhArata chor3akara baikTriyA lauTane kA samaya yadi vIra ni0 saM0 352, tadanusAra IsA se 175 varSa pUrva mAnA jAya to puSyamitra dvArA kie gaye isa yajJa kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 347 aura usake anusAra IsA pUrva 170 ke AsapAsa kA ThaharatA hai| puSyamitra dvArA kiye gae azvamedha yajJa ke sAtha hI deza meM yajJoM kI eka taraha se lahara sI daur3a gii| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM choTe-bar3e aneka yajJa hone lage / yahI kAraNa hai ki zRMgoM ke rAjyakAla meM yatra-tatra aneka yajJoM ke kie jAne ke zilAlekha upalabdha hote haiN| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki Arya balissaha ke vAcanAcAryakAla meM zuMgoM kA rAjyakAla vIra ni0 saM0 323 meM prArambha humaa| vIra ni0 saM0 353 meM puSyamitra zaMga kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra agnimitra zaMga magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna huA / zuMga vaMza ke saMsthApaka puSyamitra zuMga ke atirikta isa vaMza ke anya rAjAoM evaM unake rAjyakAla kA jaina sAhitya meM vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| paurANika (hindU) granyoM meM zuMgavaMza ke rAjAmoM evaM unake rAjyakAla kA ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai :1. puSyamitra 36 varSa 2. agnimitra 8, 3. vasu jyeSTha - tvayA vRttaM RtuM caiva, vAjimedhaM paraMtapaH / kSatriyA nAhariSyanti. yAvadbhUmi pariSyati / / [harivaMza pu0 3 / 2 / 35] 2 yadyasti punarAvRttiyajJasyAzvAsayasva mAm / [vahI] 3 bhaudbhijjo bhavitA kazcit senAnI kAzyapo vijaH / azvamegha kaliyuge, punaH pratyAhariSyati / /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prA0 zyAma rA0 dhA0 sthiti 4. vasumitra 10 varSa 5. bhada 6. pulindaka 7. ghoSa 8. vajramitra 8. bhAgavata 10. devabhUti zuMgavaMzI puSyamitra aura agnimitra ke sikke upalabdha hote haiN| mAlavikAgni mitra meM kAlI sindhu ke taTa para rAjakumAra vasumitra zuMga kA yavanoM ke sAtha yuddha hone kA ullekha bhI upalabdha hotA hai| anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vasumitra kA yaha yuddha DimiTriyasa ke jAmAtA mInANDara ke sAtha huaa| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki DimiTriyasa ke pratidvandvI yUkreDAiTIja ne DimiTriyasa kI anupasthiti meM usake baikTriyA (bAlhIka) ke rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| isa kAraNa DimiTriyasa ko apanI senAoM ke sAtha bhArata chor3akara svadeza lauTanA pdd'aa| DimiTriyasa bAlhIka pahuMcA, usase pahale hI yUkreTAiDIja . bAlhIka meM apanI sthiti sudRr3ha kara cukA thA ataH DimiTriyasa ko apane bAlhIka ke rAjya se hAtha dhonA par3A aura vaha kevala gAndhAra aura usake AsapAsa ke rAjya kA hI aMdhipati raha gyaa| vaha gRhayuddha meM mArA gayA / DimiTriyasa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt mInANDara aura yUkreTAiDIja ke vaMzajoM ne lagabhaga eka zatAbdI se bhI adhika varSoM taka paMjAba para zAsana kiyaa| mInANDara ina sabhI yavana zAsakoM meM pratApI mAnA gayA hai / . prasiddha bauddha grantha 'milinda pahno' kI racanA hI milinda nAmaka rAjA dvArA bauddha bhikSu nAgasena se kiye gae praznoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki nAgasena se apane praznoM kA pUrNa santoSaprada uttara sunakara rAjA milinda bauddhadharmAvalambI bana gyaa| itihAsavidoM kA abhimata hai ki 'milinda pahnoM' kA pramukha pAtra milinda vastutaH yavana zAsaka mInANDara hI thaa| bhAratIya rAjavaMzoM kI nAmAvaliyoM ke paryavekSaNa se usa samaya meM milinda nAmaka kisI bhAratIya rAjA kA nAma kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| zaMgavaMzI rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla para dhyAnapUrvaka dRSTipAta karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa vaMza ke 8veM rAjA bhAgavata ke atirikta anya kisI rAjA kA zAsana sudRr3ha evaM zAntipUrNa nahIM rhaa| pAMcaveM se AThaveM- ina cAra zuMgavaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjyakAla to eka prakAra se nagaNya hI rhaa| zaMgavaMza ke rAjyakAla kI ghaTanAoM ke vihaMgamAvalokana se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki isa vaMza ke zAsanakAla meM pArasparika dhArmika sadbhAvanA kA kevala prabhAva hI nahIM rahA apitu dhArmika asahiSNutA apanI carama sImA taka

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dazapUrvaghara - kAla : zrArya zyAmAcArya 422 pahuMca cukI thI / puSyamitra dvArA kiyA gayA bauddhabhikSutroM kA katlegrAma isakA pramANa hai / bhrama kA nirAkararaga ahiMsA ke mahAn siddhAntoM, prAcIna bhAratIya evaM vizva itihAsa kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA pUrI taraha mUlyAMkana na kara pAne tathA yatkicit sAmpradAyika vyAmoha ke kAraNa katipaya Adhunika itihAsakAroM ne isa prakAra kI bhrAnti utpanna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma dvArA kiye gaye hiMsA ke vyApaka pracAra-prasAra ke kAraNa videziyoM ne bhArata para AkramaNa karane kA dussAhasa kiyaa| unakA kahanA hai ki videziyoM ke AkramaNa ke samaya mauryavaMza kA antima rAjA vRhadratha muNDita ho bauddha bhikSutroM ke prAsa dharmazravaraNa karatA rahatA / isake kAraNa videzI AkrAntAoM ko apane bhAratavijaya abhiyAna meM saphalatAeM miliiN| aura isase janamAnasa meM ahiMsA ke prati kSobha utpanna huA / hiMsA se Uba kara senA aura janatA ne vRhadratha ke senApati puSyamitra kA sAtha diyA / pariNAmataH puSyamitra zuMga ne magadha sAmrAjya kI prajA aura senA ke samakSa aMtima mauryavaMzI rAjA vRhadratha kI hatyA kara dI / aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama ke paryavekSaraNa se isa prakAra kA pracAra vastutaH bhrAnta aura nirAdhAra siddha hotA hai / itihAsa aura purANa sAkSI haiM ki puSyamitra ne apanI vaiyaktika mahattvAkAMkSAoM kI pUrti ke liye apane svAmI ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta kara dhokhe se usakI hatyA kI / yadana zrAkrAntA DimiTriyasa ne vRhadratha ke zAsanakAla meM nahIM, apitu puSyamitra ke zAsanakAla meM bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA / puSyamitra dvArA pahalA prazvameva sampanna kiye jAne ke pazcAt hI DimiTriyasa dvArA pATaliputra para AkramaNa kiyA gyaa| pATaliputra kI prAcIroM ko dhUlisAt kara DimiTriyasa ne pATaliputra meM bhISaNa narasaMhAra kiyA / ' usa yuddha meM puSyamitra DimiTriyasa se parAjita huA / gRhakalaha ke kAraNa DimiTriyasa ko apanI vizAla vAhinI ke sAtha svadeza lauTanA pdd'aa| baikTriyA ke gRhayuddha meM DimiTriyasa apane aneka yoddhAoM ke sAtha mArA gayA / anyathA puSyamitra ke zAsanakAla meM hI deza videzI prAkrAntA kI dAsatA meM A cukA hotaa| eka azvamedha yajJa ke pazcAt DimiTriyasa se parAjaya ke kAraNa hI puSyamitra ko dUsarA azvamedha yajJa karanA pdd'aa| usa dvitIya prazvamedha ke ghor3e kI rakSA ke liye puSyamitra ke pautra vasumitra ko kAlI sindhu ke taTa para saMbhavataH yavana zrAkrAntA mInANDara se yuddha karanA par3A, jisakA ki ullekhaM mAlavikAgnimitra meM upalabdha hotA hai / aisI sthiti meM isa prakAra kA Aropa lagAnA nitAnta nirAdhAra aura tathyahIna hai ki bauddhoM aura jainoM dvArA kiye gaye ahiMsA pracAra ke prabhAva meM 1 yavanAH duSTavikrAntA:, prApsyati kusumadhvajaM / tataH puSpapure prApte, kardame prathite hi te / / [ gArgI saMhitA, yugapurANa ]

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500 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhrama kA nirAkaraNa rAjAoM ke A jAne ke kAraNa videzI AkrAntAoM ko bhArata para AkramaNa karane kA avasara milaa| ___ bhArata para videzI AkramaNoM ke itihAsa kA niSpakSa dRSTi se paryAlocana kiyA jAya to yaha spaSTataH prakaTa ho jAyagA ki gRhakalaha, dhArmika asahiSNutA, vizRkhala zAsana aura vikRta Arthika evaM sAmAjika vyavasthA Adi kAraNoM meM se hI koI na koI kAraNa videzI AkramaNa ke mUla meM rahA hai / bhArata para videziyoM ke prAkramaNa kA sabase prAcIna ullekha zrImadbhAgavata, mahAbhArata Adi paurANika granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki haihayoM evaM tAlajaMghoM ne yavanoM, zakoM aura barbara jAti ke videziyoM kI sahAyatA se ayodhyA ke sUryavaMzI rAjA bAhaka para AkramaNa kara use parAjita kiyaa| bAhaka apanI rAniyoM ke sAtha ayodhyA se nikala kara jaMgaloM meM calA gayA aura vahAM rahane lgaa| ayodhyA ke rAjyasiMhAsana se sUryavaMzI rAjA ko padacyuta karane kI purANakAroM dvArA yaha sarvaprathama ghaTanA batAI gaI hai| tadanantara bAhuka ke putra sagara ne yuvAvasthA meM praveza karate hI ayodhyA ke apane paitRka rAjya para punaH adhikAra kiyaa| ayodhyA ke rAjyasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha hote hI sagara ne haihayoM tathA tAlajaMghoM ke sAtha-sAtha videzI yavanoM, zakoM aura barbaroM ko itanI burI taraha se kucalA' ki phira zatAbdiyoM hI nahIM aneka sahasrAbdiyoM taka videzI AtatAyiyoM ne bhArata kI ora maha taka nahIM kiyaa| tatpazcAt bhArata para dUsarA bar3A videzI AkramaNa mahAbhArata ke mahAn saMhAraka yuddha se kucha varSa pUrva kAla-yavana dvArA kiyA gayA, jisameM yogezvara zrIkRSNa dvArA kAla-yavana karAla kAla ke gAla kA kavala banA diyA gyaa| purANavettA isa tathya se bhalIbhAMti paricita haiM ki ukta donoM videzI AkramaNa bhArata ke grahakalaha ke hI pariNAmasvarUpa hue the| bhArata para tIsarA bar3A videzI AkramaNa IsA se 327 varSa pUrva yUnAna ke mahattvAkAMkSI yoddhA sikandara ne kiyaa| bhArata para sikandara ke AkramaNa kA kAraNa jJAta karane se pahale IrAna aura yUnAna ke tAtkAlika pArasparika sambandhoM para saramarI tora meM dRSTipAta karanA hogaa| bhAratIyoM kI taraha IrAnI aura yUnAnI bhI prArya haiM / yUnAnI loga gaNatantra vyavasthA meM vizvAsa karate the| IsA pUrva cauthI zatAbdI meM yUnAna meM adhikAMzataH nagaroM ke rUpa meM gaNA rAjya the| IrAna ke vizAla sAmrAjya kI 'sagarazcakravAsIt, sAgaro yatsutaH kRtaH / yastAlajaMghAn yavanAJchakAn haihayababaMrAn / / 5 / / nAvadhId guruvAkyena, cakre vikRtaveSiNaH / muDAJchmazrudharAn kAMzcinmukta ke zArgha maNDitAn / / 6 / / zrImadbhAgavata, 6 skaMdha, 8 a0]

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bhrama kA nirAkaraNa] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mAyaM zyAmAcArya 501 uttarI sImA para sIthiyana loga Aye dina utpAta evaM lUTapATa karate rahate the| kAspiyana sAgara kA nikaTavartI pradeza una logoM kA zaraNasthala thA, jo bar3A hI vikaTa tathA agamya thaa| IrAna ke tatkAlIna samrATa Deriyasa ne sIthiyanoM kA damana karane ke liye unake gar3ha para hI AkramaNa kI yojanA taiyAra kii| Deriyasa kI senA ne jyoMhI kespiyana sAgara ke nikaTavartI kSetra kI ora bar3hane ke liye yUnAna kI sImA meM praveza kiyA to yUnAniyoM ne ise apanI prabhusattA para bhayaMkara prAghAta mAnate hue. Deriyasa kI senAoM kA pratirodha kiyaa| Deriyasa kI senAeM pratirodha ko kucala kara Age bar3ha giiN| sIthiyanoM ne Deriyasa kI senAmoM ko apanI gurillA raNanIti se burI taraha parezAna kiyaa| antatogatvA IrAna kI senAoM ko bAdhya hokara . lauTanA pdd'aa| Deriyasa ne aura usakI mRtyu ke uparAnta usake putra kSayArSa ne kramazaH do bAra yUnAna para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiye para una donoM yuddhoM meM IrAnI senAoM ko bar3I bhArI hAni ke sAtha parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA pdd'aa| ina do bar3e yuddhoM ke kAraNa yUnAniyoM ke manoM meM IrAniyoM ke prAta pragAr3ha zatrutA ke bhAva pravRddha ho cuke the| pratyeka yUnAnI IrAna se pratizodha lene ke liye pAtura ho rahA thaa| mesIDoniyAM ke zAsaka philipa ne IrAna se pratizodha lene kA bIr3A utthaayaa| yUnAniyoM ne prArambhika pratirodha ke pazcAt antatogatvA philipa kA netRtva svIkAra kara liyaa| philipa IrAna para AkramaNa karane kI pUrI taiyArI kara cukA thA, usa samaya usakI hatyA kara dI gii| philipa kA putra sikandara usakA uttarAdhikArI bnaa| rAjyAsIna hone ke do varSa pazcAt IsA pUrva 334 meM sikandara ne IrAna para prAkramaNa kara diyaa| usa samaya sikandara kI Ayu 22 varSa thii| IrAna ke Isasa kSetra meM IrAnI senAoM ne sikandara kI senA ke sAtha tumula yuddha kiyaa| IrAna kA samrATa Deriyasa tRtIya, jo ki bar3A hI vilAsapriya samrAT thA, apanI mAtA tathA striyoM ko raNakSetra meM hI chor3a kara bhAga khar3A huaa| sikandara ke bhAgya ne usakA sAtha diyA aura IrAniyoM ke sAtha isa prathama yuddha meM use AzAtIta saphalatA ke sAtha vijayazrI ne varaNa kiyaa| sikandara ne Isasa vijaya ke pazcAt misra para AkramaNa kiyaa| misrI janatA IrAniyoM kI dIrghakAlIna dAsatA se mukta honA cAhatI thI, ataH misra meM sikandara ko pratirodha ke sthAna para sarvatomukhI svAgata prApta huaa| misra vijaya se sikandara kI mahAtvAkAMkSAeM jAgRta huiiN| misra ke dharmAdhyakSoM ne sikandara ko yUnAnI devatA jyUsa kA putra batA kara use alaukika sammAna se vibhUSita kiyaa| misravAsiyoM dvArA pradatta isa sammAna se sikandara vAstava meM apane pApako mahAn devatA jyUsa kA putra samajhane lgaa| usane tatkAla punaH IrAna para AkramaNa kiyaa| Darapoka IrAnI samrAT Deriyasa ke netRtva meM IrAnI senA ne aravelA meM yUnAnI senA ke sAtha yuddha kiyA para IrAniyoM ko bhISaNa parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA par3A / Deriyasa paravelA ke yuddha meM bhI raNabhUmi se

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502 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhrama kA nirAkaraNa bhAga khar3A huA aura usI ke eka adhikArI dvArA usakI hatyA kara dI gii| isa prakAra IsA pUrva 331 meM sikandara 26 varSa kI vaya meM sampUrNa yUnAna, pUre misra aura samasta IrAna ke vizAla sAmrAjya kA samrAT bana gyaa| pratisvalpa kAla meM hI prApta huI itanI bar3I saphalatAoM ne sikandara ke mana meM vizvavijaya kI. bhAvanA ko bar3e prabala vega se jAgata kiyaa| usane apane senApatiyoM ke samakSa bhArata para AkramaNa karane kI apanI yojanA rkhii| jinajina logoM ne bhArata para AkramaNa karane kA virodha kiyA unheM cuna-cuna kara sikandara ne mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| antatogatvA IsA pUrva 327 meM sikandara ne mahaja vizvavijaya kI apanI mahatvAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke liye bhArata para AkramaNa kara diyaa| . ___ yadyapi zazi gupta aura takSazilA ke zAsaka prAMbhI jaise ghara ke bhedI dezadrohiyoM kA sikandara ko pUrNa sahayoga prApta thA aura bhArata kA uttarI sImAnta pradeza choTe-choTe gaNarAjyoM meM vibhaktaM thA tathApi deza kI Ana-bAna kI rakSA ke liye haMsa-haMsa kara prANa dene vAle raNabAMkure prazvakoM, prazvAhakoM, gauroM, gAndhArapati-hasti, kekayarAja purU, glucakAyanoM, kaThoM, AdrijoM Adi te prANapaNa se paga-paga para sikandara kI senAoM ke sAtha kramazaH bar3e hI lomaharSaka yuddha kiye| bhArata ke uttarI sImAnta ke una choTe-choTe gaNarAjyoM aura rAjAoM meM saMgaThana ke eka sUtra meM baMdhe na hone ke kAraNa antatogatvA yadyapi sikandara kI vizAla senA ke sAtha yuddha meM parAjaya kA mukha dekhA, para inake bhISaNa prahAroM se sikandara kI senA ko bar3I bhArI kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| yUnAniyoM ke hausale pasta ho gye| sikandara ke senApatiyoM evaM senAoM ne spaSTa zabdoM meM Age bar3hane se inkAra kara diyaa| isase sikandara kI vizvavijaya kI mahatvAkAMkSA miTTI meM mila gii| usake hRdaya para isase aisA AghAta pahu~co ki vaha kaI dinoM taka apane zivira meM tambU se bAhara taka nahIM niklaa| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki bhAratIyoM ke bhISaNa pratirodha, apanI senAmoM ke Age bar3hane se inkAra karane tathA apane vijita kSetroM meM vidroha kI bhISaNa Aga bhar3aka uThane ke kAraNa sikandara ko svadeza lauTane ke liye bAdhya honA pdd'aa| svadeza lauTate samaya rAvI ke taToM para base mAlavoM ne sikandara kI senAoM ke sAtha bar3A bhISaNa yuddha kiyaa| mAlavoM ke sAtha yuddha karate samaya sikandara ke sIne meM eka gaharA ghAva lgaa.| isI ghAva ke kAraNa IrAna pahu~cane para IsApUrva 324 meM kevala 32 varSa kI yuvAvasthA meM hI sikandara saMsAra se cala bsaa| bhArata para kiye gaye apane dussAhasapUrNa aAkramaNa ke pratiphala rUpa meM sikandara ko dhana-jana-kSaya aura apanI mauta ke atirikta kucha bhI prApta nahIM huaa| bhISaNa narasaMhAraka tumUla yuddhoM ke uparAnta bhI sikandara ko vRhattara bhArata kA kevala thor3A sA pazcimottarI bhAga hI hAtha lagA aura vaha bhI sikandara ke IrAna kI ora muMha karate hI punaH pUrNa svatantra ho gyaa.| choTe-choTe gaNatantroM aura

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bhrama kA nirAkaraNa] dazapUrvapara-kAla : prAyaM zyAmAcArya choTe-choTe rAjAroM ke rAjyoM ko pRthak-pRthak aura prasaMgaThita senAnI ne misra, IrAna aura yUnAna ke suvizAla sAmrAjya ke svAmI sikandara kI senAmoM ko nAkoM cane cabavA diye| yadi ve choTe-choTe rAjyoM kI senAeM sammilita rUpa se sikandara ke sAtha yuddha karatI to kyA pariNAma hotA, isakA raNanItivizArada sahaja hI anumAna lagA sakate haiN| ___ bhArata para kiye gaye uparicarcita tInoM prAkramaNoM ke kAraNoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki pahale do AkramaNa bhArata ke gRhakalaha ke kAraNa hue aura tIsare bhAkramaNa kA mUla kAraNa thA eka ahammAnI prAkrAntA kI mahaja mhtvaakaaNkssaa| ina tInoM meM se eka bhI mAkramaraNa aisA nahIM, jisake liye kahA jA sake ki vaha ahiMsA ke siddhAntoM kA pAlana karane ke phala svarUpa athavA ahiMsA ke pujArI kisI rAjA kI ahiMsApradhAna nIti ke pariNAma svarUpa huA ho| bhArata ke prAdyopAnta itihAsa kA siMhAvalokana karane se yahI tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki jaba taka bhArata meM ahiMsA ke mahAn siddhAntoM kA prAdhAnya, prAbalya athavA prabhutva rahA taba taka sampUrNa deza meM sahaastitva, samAnatA, sauhArda sahiSNutA aura sarvatomukhI sadbhAvanA kA sAmrAjya rhaa| ahiMsA ke prAdhArabhUtamUlabhUta ina sahaastitva Adi mAnavIya guNoM kA jaba taka bhAratIyoM ke jIvana meM prAcurya rahA taba taka bhArata samRddha-sampanna, sazakta evaM samunnata banA rhaa| ahiMsA ke ananya upAsaka zizunAgavaMzI udAyI, nandIvarddhana, mauryasamrATa candragupta, bindusAra, azoka evaM samprati ke zAsanakAla meM kisI videzI zakti ko bhArata kI pora mAMkha uThA kara dekhane kA bhI sAhasa nahIM hotA thaa| deza dhana-dhAnya se sampanna aura dezavAsI saba taraha se sukhI the| nagaroM kA prabandha nagarapariSadoM, evaM grAmoM kA prabandha grAma-sabhAmoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA jAtA thaa| udyogadhandhoM ko saMsthApita kara samunnata banAnA, kraya-vikraya para niyantraNa, matithiyoM kA svAgatasatkAra ke pazcAt pratithigRhoM meM ThaharAne kA prabandha karanA, jana-cikitsA aura pazucikitsA kA samucita prabandha karanA, kara ekatrita karatA prAdi janahita ke sabhI kArya samucita rUpa se nagarapariSadoM aura grAmasabhAmoM kI dekharekha meM sampanna kiye jAte the| kRSi unnati ke liye rAjya kI mora se viziSTa prabandha kiye jAte the| siMcAI kI yathAsaMbhava pUre deza meM samucita vyavasthA kI jAtI thii| kRSi kAryoM ko uttarottara samunnata banAne tathA bAMdhoM ke nirmANa ke liye eka pariSada kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| naI sar3akoM ke nirmANa, purAnI sar3akoM ke sudhAra evaM mArgoM meM yAtriyoM kI surakSA kI dekha-rekha Adi kArya eka vibhAga kiyA karatA thaa| deza kI surakSA ke liye navInatama zastrAstroM se laisa-taisa sazakta evaM vizAla senA sadA sannaddha rakhI jAtI thii| senA kI dekha-resakA kArya eka samaraparisada samhAlatI thii| padAtisenA, azvArohI senA, ratha-senA, hasti-senA aura nausenA

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhrama kA nirAkaraNa senA ke ina pAMcoM vibhAgoM kI dekharekha, samunnati evaM abhivRddhi ke liye sAmarika pariSada dvArA pRthak-pRthak eka-eka samiti niyukta kI jAtI thii| sAmarika pariSada dvArA niyukta eka pAMca sadasyIya samiti senA ke liye Avazyaka sAjasAmAna, navInatama zastrAstroM ke nirmANa prAdi kI vyavasthA karatI thii| ___ koI prAbhyantarika athavA bAharI zatru deza kI prabhusattA athavA surakSA para kisI bhI prakAra kA AghAta pahu~cAne kA prayAsa karatA to use tatkAla saMnya-zakti ke mAdhyama se sadA ke liye kucala diyA jaataa| ___isI prakAra asAmAjika tatvoM ke liye, aparAdhiyoM ke liye kar3e se kar3e daNDa kI vyavasthA thii| kaThora daNDa vyavasthA ke kAraNa koI aparAdha karane kA dussAhasa hI nahIM karatA thaa| yaha bhI eka kAraNa thA ki usa samaya aparAdhoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya thii| ucca zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha sadAcAra kI zikSA kA bhI usa samaya meM samucita prabandha kiyA jAtA thaa| aparAdhI manovRtti ke unmUlana meM sadAcAra kI zikSA kA bhI bahuta bar3A mahatvapUrNa yogadAna mAnA gayA hai| ___maurya samrATa candragupta ke zAsanakAla meM yUnAnI rAjadUta maigasthanIja bahuta varSoM taka bhArata meM rAjadUta rhaa| usane bhArata viSayaka apane saMsmaraNoM meM likhA hai- "bhAratIya samrATa candragupta kA zAsana bahuta hI susaMgaThita aura sudRr3ha hai| samrATa candragupta kI senA meM 6 lAkha paidala senA, 30 hajAra azvArohI, 6 hajAra hAthI aura hajAroM ratha sadA sannaddha rahate haiN|" ___ cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga aura phAhiyAna ne apane yAtrA vivaraNoM meM tatkAlIna bhArata kI samRddhi, rAjya vyavasthA, sAmAjika evaM Arthika vyavasthAviSayaka AMkhoM dekhe hAla kA citraNa karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai ki prajA pUrNataH sampanna aura sukhI hai, loga apane gharoM tathA hIre, javAharAta, svarNa evaM cAMdI Adi kI dukAnoM para bhI tAle nahIM lagAte / rAjya kI ora se lambI-caur3I sar3akoM ke AsapAsa dharmazAlAoM, atithigRhoM, prapAoM tathA yAtriyoM ke lie sabhI prakAra kI sukha-suvidhAoM evaM surakSA kI samucita vyavasthA hai| bhArata ke loga sukhI sampanna aura khuzahAla haiN| ve atithisatkAra ko apanA punIta karttavya mAnate haiN| ___ tatkAlIna bhArata ke sambandha meM videziyoM dvArA likhe gaye vivaraNoM, rAjAoM dvArA utkIrNa karavAye gae zilAlekhoM tathA prAcIna graMthoM meM upalabdha ullekhoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki rAjA aura prajA kA pArasparika sambandha bar3A hI sauhArdapUrNa thaa| rAjA prajA kI sukha-suvidhA evaM surakSA hetu samucita prabandha karanA apanA parama pavitra karttavya mAnatA thaa| prajA bhI zAsana ko sadA apane lie hitakara mAnakara rAjAjJAmoM kA akSarazaH pAlana karatI thii| rAjA aura prajA ke bIca prema pUrNa vyavahAra ke kAraNa zAsana svacAlita yantra kI taraha sucAru rUpa se calatA thA, na ki sainya bala ke sahAre / yadyapi zaktizAlI suvizAla senAeM sadA sannaddha rakhI jAtI thIM para unakA videzI AkrAntAoM ko kucala DAlane evaM AbhyAMtarika zatruoM ke damana ke lie hI upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa|

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bhrama kA nirAkaraNa] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya zyAmAcArya rAjA apanI prajA ke sukha meM hI apanA sukha mAnatA thA / ' azoka dvArA zilAoM para khudavAye gaye nimnalikhita abhilekha kA eka-eka akSara isa tathya kI sAkSI detA hai : merA yaha kartavya hai ki zikSA ke prasAra dvArA mai prajAjanoM kA upakAra karUM / nirantara calane vAle udyoga evaM nyAya kA samucita prabandha ye sarvasAdhAraNa ke hita kI AdhArazilAeM haiM- inase bar3hakara phalaprada anya aura kucha bhI nahIM hai| mere sabhI prayAsoM-prayatnoM kA mUla uddezya yahI hai ki maiM sabhI logoM ke RNa se uRNa ho jaauuN| jahAM taka mujhase sambhava hai, maiM sarvasAdhAraNa ko sukhI banAne ke lie prayatna karatA rahatA hai / merI yaha prAntarika abhilASA hai ki saba loga bhaviSya meM bhI svargIya sukha prApta kareM, mere putra, pautrAdi bhAvI pIr3hiyAM bhI sarva sAdhAraNa ko sukha pahuMcAne meM sadA nirata rheN| maiMne isI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie yaha lipi utkIrNa karavAI hai|" kitanA UMcA Adarza rahA hai ahiMsA ke upAsaka rAjAoM kA ? isa prakAra kA prAdarza khojane para bhI saMsAra ke itihAsa meM anyatra nahIM milegaa| ahiMsA aura jaina dharma ke mahAna siddhAntoM se paricita na hone ke kAraNa aneka vidvAnoM ko yaha vidita nahIM hai ki vastutaH aparAdhiyoM, prAtatAiyoM, aMsAmAjika tattvoM aura AkrAntAnoM ko samucita daNDa dene meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kahIM kisI prakAra kI koI bAdhA upasthita nahIM krte| isa pravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM vizvadharma-jainadharma ke prAdi-saMsthApaka prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne jisa samaya sarvaprathama rAjya-vyavasthA, sAmAjika-vyavasthAevaM artha-vyavasthA kI nIMva DAlI, usI samaya unhoMne deza aura samAja meM azAnti tathA avyavasthA phailAne kA prayAsa karane vAle asAmAjika tatvoM, AtatAiyoM evaM aparAdhiyoM ke damana ke liye janahitAyasamaSTihitAya kaThora daNDanIti kI vyavasthA kii| usa daNDa-vyavasthA meM aparAdhiyoM ke aMgachedana taka kI vyavasthA thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita usa kaThora daNDa-vyavasthA kA janahita meM aucitya batAte hue prAcIna AcArya bhadrezvara sUri ne apane "kahAvalI" nAmaka grantha meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra bhayaMkara viSadhara athavA Aga kI bhaTTI kI ora bAra-bAra manA karane para bhI bar3hate hue prabodha bAlaka ko usakA pitA bAlaka ke hita kI dRSTi se rassI se eka sthAna para bAMdha detA hai, ghasITatA athavA tAr3ana-tarjana karatA hai, usI prakAra samaSTi ke hita kI dRSTi se aparAdhiyoM kI aparAdha karane kI pravRtti ke unmUlana hetu bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne kaThora daNDavyavasthA kii|' . ........"bIsa pubalakkhovari rAyA jAmo ti / na ya evaM ussuttaM, caDiyapADaNe vi babahArathiyo bhagavamo tulahArivya doso| mahavA ego govAlago kIlaMto sappaharatasaM gayo / tattha ya taM dasiukAmo sappo puNo puNo hellAu deto bAlagapiuNA kahavi dittttho| tapo turiyamAgaMtUNa teNa maNipo bAlago-puttagA ehi ehi mA sappeNetya rasijasi / so pagAlaM tUpAvaNeNaM sappAbhimuhaM ceva vaccaMta daLUNa tasseva hiyakaraNatyaM pAyAisa

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhrama kA nirAkaraNa ... isase yaha nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha hotA hai ki ahiMsA ke mahAna siddhAntoM meM zAnti evaM suvyavasthA banAye rakhane ke liye aparAdhiyoM tathA aAtatAiyoM ko samucita daNDa dene kA pUrA prAvadhAna yugAdi se hI rakhA gayA hai / ___ yahI nahIM saMsAra ko suzAsana dene ke liye samaya-samaya para hue bAraha cakravatiyoM ne vizAla vAhiniyoM ke sAtha digvijaya kii| unameM zAntinAtha, kuMthunAtha aura aranAtha ye tIna cakravartI kramazaH solahaveM,satrahaveM aura aThArahaveM tIrthaMkara hue haiN| aisI sthiti meM yadi koI vidvAna vAstavikatA kI ora se dRSTi ghumAkara tathA ina jvalaMta aitihAsika tathyoM ko najarandAja karake yaha kahane kI haThadharmitA karate haiM ki ahiMsA ke pracAra-prasAra ke kAraNa rAjatantra athavA rAjAloga zithila evaM zaktihIna bane aura deza phalataH videzI AkramaraNoM kA zikAra banA, to yaha unakA kevala sAmpradAyika vyAmohamAtra hai - unake isa kathana meM kahIM koI kiMcitmAtra bhI tathya nahIM hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ahiMsA ke paramopAsaka rAjAoM kA jaba taka deza para Adhipatya rahA, taba taka deza susaMpanna sazakta, svargopama saukhyazAlI aura samunnata rahA / ahiMsA ke paramopAsaka maurya samrATa azoka ko videziyoM aura saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI vicArakoM ne saMsAra kA sarvazreSTha zAsaka evaM usake zAsana ko vizva kA sarvotkRSTa suzAsana mAnA hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki jyoM-jyoM rASTra, rAjatantra aura rAjAoM kI ahiMsA ke mahAn siddhAntoM ke prati AsthA kama hotI gaI, tyoM-tyoM asahiSNutA, asamAnatA, ApasI kalaha Adi kI abhivRddhi hotI gaI / ApasI-kalaha - phUTa, varga-vidveSaAdi hiMsA kI saMtatiyAM hI deza kI dAsatA kA pramukha kAraNa banIM, isa tathya se koI vicAraka inkAra nahIM kara sktaa| prArya indradinna - gaNAcArya Arya suhastI kI paramparA meM Arya susthita-supratibuddha ke svargagamana ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 336 meM kauzika gotrIya Arya indradinna gaNAcArya niyukta kiye ge| Arya indradinna ke sambandha meM isake atirikta aura koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| Apake gaNAcArya kAla meM Apake gurubhAI Arya priyagrantha bar3e hI prabhAvaka zramaNa batAye gae haiN| unakA saMkSipta paricaya yahAM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| prArya priyagraMtha Arya priyagrantha jaina sAhitya meM mantravAdI prabhAvaka ke rUpa meM vikhyAta rahe haiN| yoM to mantravAda kA jainajagata meM koI mahatva nahIM mAnA gayA hai| sAdhuoM ke ghetta raNa kaDino piuNA "jahA ya bAlassa dhammanityara hallAgAi pIDAsaMbhave vi pariNAmasuMdarataNayo kaDDhetassa piuNo na doso divo" tahA bhagavamo payAe, pariNAma suMdara yovadosaniggahAi daMDaM kuNamANassa na tANa baMpe kovi doso pratthIti / / [kahAvalI - bhadrezvaramUri - prakANita]

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Arya priyagraMtha] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prArya zyAmAcArya 507 lie ise sadA heya batAyA gayA hai, para saMskRti-saMgharSa ke yuga meM vAdavivAda Adi meM pratipakSa ko logoM kI nigAhoM se girA apane pakSa kI vijaya se janamata ko prabhAvita karane evaM svapakSapratApa parivRddhyartha isa prakAra ke prayatnoM ko apanAyA bhI gayA hai| vaiyaktika svArthasiddhi ke lie to mantra-tantra aura auSadhi Adi kA prayoga jaina sAdhu ke lie sarvathA niSiddha mAnA gayA hai, para zAsana hita tathA saMgha ke kalyANArtha prabhAvakoM, prAcAryoM ko kabhI-kabhI isa prakAra ke kArya bhI karane par3ate the, jo pratyakSata: athavA laukika dRSTi se jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke pratikUla dRSTigocara ho sakate the| sva0 muni kAntisAgarajI ne priyagrantha sUri kA paricaya nimna rUpa meM diyA hai : "eka samaya priyagraMtha munirAja vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hae ajamera ke samIpa harSapUra paha~ce / harSapura meM brAhmaNoM aura zramaNopAsakoM ke parivAra paryApta saMkhyA meM the| magadhapati puSyamitra zuMga dvArA kiye gae do azvamedha yajJoM ke kAraNa deza meM eka bAra punaH yajJa-yAgAdi kI lahara daur3a cukI thii| harSapura ke brAhmaNa vaidika kriyAkANDa ke prati itane anurakta the ki ve loga khUle grAma pazuoM kI bali dene meM bhI saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM karate the : tadanusAra brAhmaNoM ne bar3e samAroha ke sAtha eka vizAla yajJa kA Ayojana kiyA / usa yajJa meM bali ke lie eka hRSTa-puSTa bakarA khUTe se bAMdha diyA gyaa| zramaNopAsakoM ne Arya priyagraMtha ke samakSa pUrI sthiti rkhii| batAyA jAtA hai ki hiMsaka yajJoM kI pravRtti ko rokane evaM zAsana kI prabhAvanA ko dRSTigata rakhate hae priya granthasUri ne eka abhimantrita cUrNa zrAvakoM ko dekara use bali ke bakare para DAla dene ke lie kahA / zrAvakoM ne yenakena prakAreNa vaha cUrNa bakare para DAla diyaa| vAsakSepa ke prabhAva se bakarA manuSya kI bolI meM kahane lagA :- "prApa loga mujhe agni meM jhauMkane jA rahe ho / yadi maiM Apa logoM ke samAna nirdayI bana jAUM to Apa sabako tatkAla samApta kara sakatA hai / para merA antarmana mujhe aisA karane ke lie sAkSI nahIM detA, kyoMki mere hRdaya meM dayA kA nivAsa hai| hanamAnajI ne rAvaNa kI nagarI, laMkA meM jo tANDava nRtya kiyA thA, usase bhI adhika bhISaNa dazA maiM tuma logoM kI kara sakatA huuN|' bakare ke muMha se isa prakAra kI bAta suna kara isa taraha kI abhUtapUrva ghaTanA se mava brAhmaNa bhayavihvala aura AzcaryAnvita ho gye| kimI taraha mAhama baTora kara unameM se eka brAhmaNa bolA :-- "tuma kauna ho? tumhArA svarUpa kyA hai ?' bakare ne uttara diyA - "maiM agni haM, chAga merA vAhana hai| Apa merI yani dakara kisa dharma kI sAdhanA karanA cAhate ho? kyA svarga kI prApti athavA indrAsana ke lie pazubali karanA ucita hai ? isa prakAra kA adharma kisI

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508 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga prAyaM priyagraMtha bhI dazA meM dharma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi tuma loga vAstavika dharma kA svarUpa samaHnA cAhate ho to yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko banda karo aura yahAM tumhAre nagara meM virAjita pArya priyagraMtha muni kI sevA meM upasthita ho unase AtmakalyANa kA prazasta patha smjho|"" isa prakAra kalpasubodhikA nAmaka graMtha meM batAyA gayA hai ki prArya priyagraMtha ne saMgha ke kalyANa aura jaina saMskRti ke pratApa ko bar3hAne ke lie mantravidyA kA sahArA liyA aura vahAM ke aneka brAhmaNoM ko prabuddha kiyaa| 14. prArya SAMDilya - vAcanAcArya zyAmAcArya ke pazcAt kauzika gotrIya Arya SAMDilya vAcanAcArya hue| inako skaMdilAcArya bhI kahA jAtA hai| prAcArya devavAcaka (devaddhi kSamAzramaNa) ne - "vaMde kosiyagottaM sAMDillaM ajjjiiydhrN|" - isa pada se kauzika gotrIya SAMDilya ko bandana kiyA hai| gAthA meM prayukta pada - ajjajIyadharaM" - se prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcArya SAMDilya jItavyavahAra ke prati adhika niSThAvAn the| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM inheM 'jItamaryAdA'nAmaka zAstra kA racanAkAra batAyA gayA hai / kintu himavanta sthavirAvalI meM isase bhinna prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| usameM batAyA gayA hai ki Apake eka ziSya kA nAma gArya jIta thA, isa kAraNa Apako Arya jItadhara kahA gayA hai| kevala Arya jIta nAmaka ziSya ke kAraNa hI Apako Arya jItadhara kahA gayA hI, yaha yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotaa| ho sakatA haiM ki Apake ziSya kA nAma Arya jIta ho kintu yahAM 'jItadhara' zabda se jIta haniSyata nu mAM hutyaH, badhnItAyAta mA hana / yuSmadvanirdayaH syAM cet, tadA hanmi kSaraNena vaH / / yatkRtaM rakSasAM daMge kupitena hatUmatA / / tatkaromyeva vaH svasthaH, kRpA cennAntarA bhavet / / yAvanti romakUpANi, pazugAtreSu bhArata / tAvadvarSasahasrANi pacyante pazudhAtakAH / / yo dadyAt kAMcanaM meru, kRtsnAM caiva vasundharAm / ekasya jIvitaM dadyA-na ca tulyaM yudhiSThira / / mahatAmapi dAnAnAM, kAlena kSIyate phalam / bhItAbhayadAnasya, kSaya eva na vidyate / / ityAdi / / kastvaM prakAzayAtmAnaM, tenokta pAvako'smyaham / mamainaM vAhanaM kasmA-jjighAMsaya pazu vRthA / / ihAsti zrI priyagraMthaH sUrIndraH samupAgataH / ta pRcchata zumaM dharma, samAcarata zuddhitaH / / paSA nakrI narendrA, ghAnuSkAraNAM dhanaMjayaH / tathA dhuri sthitaH sAghuH, sa ekaH satyavAdinAm !! kalpasuboghikA, 2 adhi0, 8 kSaNa] 2 teSAM SAMDilyAcAryANAM prAyaM jItadharAryasamudrAkhyo dvau ziSyAvabhUtAm / [himavanta sthavirAvalI]

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506 prArya SAMDilya] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya SAMDilya kalpa jaise zAstra ko dhAraNa karane vAle athavA jItavyavahAra kA samyakarUpeNa pAlana karane vAle- isa prakAra kA artha mAnanA vizeSa saMgata pratIta hotA hai| sambhava hai sthavirAvalIkAra ne 'prajjajIyadhara' ko eka pada mAna kara ise saMjJAvAcaka mAnA ho para vicArapUrvaka dekhane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki "prajja" zabda "sAMDilla" kA vizeSaNa hai aura chAndasatvAt "prajjaM" ke sthAna para "ajja" rakhA gayA hai| itihAsa ke vizeSajJa isa para vizeSa prakAza ddaaleN| "prabhAvaka caritra" meM upalabdha ullekha se aisA anamAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prAcArya vRddhavAdI inhIM Arya SAMDilya ke ziSya the| AcArya SAMDilya se 'SAMDilya gaccha' nikalA jo Age calakara 'candragaccha' meM sammilita ho gyaa| Arya SAMDilya kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 306 meM hmaa| 22 varSa kI Ayu meM Apane bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kii| Apa 48 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya meM rhe| tadanantara vIra ni0 saM0 376 meM Apako vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya - ye donoM pada pradAna kiye ge| 28 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahate hue jinazAsana kI sevA kara Apane 108 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara vIra ni0 saM0 414 meM svargArohaNa kiyaa| yugapradhAnAcArya - yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 376 se 414 taka Arya SAMDilya vAcanAcArya pada ke sAtha-sAtha yugapradhAnAcArya pada para bhI rhe| tadanusAra Apa vAcakavaMza paramparA ke 14 veM AcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya paraMparA ke 13 veM prAcArya rhe| Apake jIvana kA isase adhika viziSTa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| prArya dina - gaNAcArya Arya suhastI kI paramparA meM Arya indradina ke pazcAt Arya dina gaNAcArya hue| Apa gautama gotrIya brAhmaNa the| ApakA jIvana-paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 15. prArya samudra -- vAcanAcArya Arya saMDilla ke pazcAt Arya samudra vIra ni0 saM0 414 meM vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue| prAcArya devavAcaka ne nandI-sthavirAvalI meM - "tisamUhakhAyakitti" - isa pada se yaha batalAyA hai ki ve Asamudra kItti vAle the| Age ke padoM meM unakI jJAnagarimA kA guNagAna karate hue devavAcaka ne kahA hai - "dIvasamuddesu gahiya - peyAlaM' - arthAt dvIpoM evaM samudroM ke viSaya meM Apa talasparzI jJAtA the| yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se prArya samudra ke zrutArAdhana kA paricaya nahIM milatA, tathApi devavAcaka dvArA prApake liye prayukta kiye gaye prazaMsAtmaka vizeSaNoM se yaha sahaja hI nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki Apa kSetra vibhAga (dvIpa-samudra) ke

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM samudra vA0 viziSTa jJAtA the aura zrApakA upadeza sarvapriya hone ke sAtha hI parama prabhAvakArI bhI thA / "trisamudrakhyAta kIti" isa vizeSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prApakA. vicaraNa sudUravartI pradezoM meM bhI rahA, anyathA sampUrNa deza meM ApakI isa prakAra . kI khyAti nahIM ho pAtI / 510 saMbhavataH Arya samudra tatvajJAna ke atirikta mukhya rUpeNa bhUgola ke vizeSajJa the / Apake liye devavAcaka dvArA prayukta "akkhubbhiyasamuddagaMbhIra"" pada isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki vividha zAstroM ke viziSTa jJAtA evaM prakANDa paNDita hone para bhI Apa meM samudravat gAmbhIrya kA adbhuta guNa vidyamAna thA / pratikUla se pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM bhI ApakA mana kiMcitmAtra bhI kSabdha nahIM hotA thA / ApakI vidvattA kA dUsarA prabala pramANa yaha bhI hai ki Arya maMgu jaise vividha vidyAoM ke jJAtA muni Apa hI ke ziSya the / lagabhaga 40 varSa taka zrAcArya pada para virAjamAna raha kara vIra-zAsana kI sevA karane ke pazcAt prApane vIra ni0 saM0 454 meM svargArohaNa kiyA / vRddha paramparA ke prAdhAra para aisA kahA jAtA hai ki apanI Ayu ke antima varSo meM Arya samudra kA jaMghAbala kSINa ho gayA thA aura ve vihAra karane meM zrasamartha ho gaye the / aisI sthiti meM saMbhava hai ki kucha kAla ke sthiravAsa meM hI unakA prANotsarga huA ho / 1 Arya samudra ke prAcAryakAla ke antima samaya meM Arya kAlakAcArya nAmaka eka mahAn prabhAvaka AcArya hue| unakA paricaya yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai :kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) prathama kAlakAcArya se lagabhaga eka zatAbdI pazcAt vIra nirvANa kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM dvitIya kAlakAcArya hue| uttarAdhyayana TIkA, vRhatkalpabhASya, nizIthacUriMga Adi ke AdhAra para unakA paricaya yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai : dhArAvAsa ke rAjA vairasiMha aura rAnI surasundarI ke putra kA nAma kAlaka aura putrI kA nAma sarasvatI thaa| rAjakumArI sarasvatI nAma ke anusAra rUpa aura guNoM meM bhI sarasvatI ke samAna thI / donoM bhAI-bahina meM itanA pragAr3ha sneha thA ki ve donoM prAyaH sAtha-sAtha hI rahA karate the| kisI samaya rAjakumAra kAlaka apanI bahina sarasvatI ke sAtha azvArUr3ha ho ghUmane nikalA / nagara ke bAhara eka udyAna meM usa samaya eka jaina muni dharmopadeza de rahe the / kAlaka aura sarasvatI ne bhI unakA upadeza sunA aura unheM saMsAra se virakti ho gaI / " naMdIsUtra sthavirAvalI, gA0 26 2. jaMghAbala parikSINAnAmudadhinAmnAmAyaM samudrANAmaparAkramaM maraNamabhUditi vRddhaprasiddhiH / [ AcArAMga vRtti, 1 zru0, 8 pra0, 10 ]

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dazapUrvara- kAla : prAyaM samudra 511 kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) ] mAtA-pitA kI anumati se kAlaka aura sarasvatI ne guNAkara muni ke pAsa jaina zramaNa dIkSA svIkAra kara lI / ' Arya kAlaka ne alpa samaya meM hI guru ke pAsa zAstrAbhyAsa kara vIra ni0saM0 453 meM prAcArya pada prApta kiyA / kAlakAcArya apane samaya ke eka labdhapratiSTha vidvAn the para kahA jAtA hai ki unake dvArA dIkSita ziSya unake pAsa adhika samaya taka sthira nahIM raha pAte the / ise apane muhUrtajJAna kI truTi samajha kara unhoMne viziSTa muhUrtajJAna ke liye prAjIvakoM ke pAsa nimitta jJAna kA adhyayana kiyA / 3 isa prakAra prAcArya kAlaka jainAgamoM ke atirikta jyotiSa aura nimittavidyA ke bhI viziSTa jJAtA bana gaye / kisI samaya Arya kAlaka apane zramaNa saMgha ke sAtha vihAra karate hue ujjayinI pdhaare| nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM Arya kAlaka ke darzana ke liye anya zramaNiyoM ke sAtha AI huI sAdhvI sarasvatI ko rAjA gardabhilla ne mArga meM dekhA / usake anupama rUpa lAvaNya para mugdha ho kara gardabhilla ne apane rAjapuruSoM dvArA sAdhvI sarasvatI kA balAt apaharaNa karavA use apane antaHpura meM pahuMcA diyA / gardabhilla ke isa ghora anAcArapUrNa pApa kA patA calate hI Arya kAlaka zraura ujjayinI ke saMgha ne gardabhilla ko samajhAne kA yathAzakya pUrA prayAsa kiyA kintu usa kAmAndha ne sAdhvI sarasvatI ko unheM nahIM lauttaayaa| isase kruddha hokara prAcArya kAlaka ne gardabhilla ko rAjyacyuta karane kI pratijJA kI / bhAvI saMkaTa se gardabhilla kahIM satarka na ho jAya, isa dRSTi se dUradarzI prAcArya kAlaka kucha dinoM taka vikSipta kI taraha ujjayinI ke rAjamArgoM evaM caurAhoM para - "gardabhilla rAjA hai to kyA ? usakA antaHpura ramya hai to kyA ? maiM bhikSArtha idhara-udhara ghUmatA hU~ to kyA, yadi maiM zUnya devala meM rahatA hU~ to kyA ?" isa prakAra ke anargala pralApa karate hue ghUmate rahe / jaba unhoMne dekhA ki garda bhilla ko unake vikSipta hone kA pUrA vizvAsa ho gayA hai, to ve ujjayinI se nikala par3e / usa samaya bharauMca meM rAjA balamitra aura bhAnumitra nAmaka bandhudvaya kA rAjya thA, jo sAdhvI sarasvatI aura prArya kAlaka ke bhAgineya the| Arya kAlaka acchI taraha jAnate the ki gardabhillaM jaise zaktizAlI rAjA ko parAjita karane ke lie .1 guNAkarasUri ke pAsa zrArya kAlaka ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha prathama kAlakAcArya Arya zyAma kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki guraNAkarasUri kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 291 se 335 taka rahA hai / [sampAdaka ] * evaM vIra nirvANa varSa 453 / prasmizca varSe gardabhilla kocchedakasya zrI kAlakAcAryasya sUripadapratiSThAbhUt / [vicArazreNI] * esiuM paDhiuM so na nAmro muhutto jattha pabvAvipro thiro hojjA / teNa nivveeNa bhAjIbagAraNa samAse nimittaM paThiyaM / " [ paMcakalpacUriMga, patra 24 ]

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512 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) isa prakAra ke choTe rAjya kI zakti aparyApta hai aura anya koI aisA zaktizAlI rAjA nahIM hai, jo gardabhilla se yuddhabhUmi meM Takkara le sake / ataH unhoMne apanI bahana ko mukta karavAne tathA gardabhilla ko rAjyacyuta karane ke lie apane bhAnaje balamitra - bhAnumitra ke atirikta zakoM kI bhI sahAyatA prApta kI / Arya kAlaka ne apanI bahina ko mukta karavAne ke lie zakoM kI bhI sahAyatA prApta kI, isa sambandha meM prAyaH sabhI lekhaka ekamata haiM / kintu zaka loga deza ke bAhara se lAye gaye, athavA deza meM hI vidyamAna yuddhopajIvI anya jAtiyoM evaM zakoM ko sAtha lekara yuddha jItA gayA, isa sambandha meM aitihAsikoM kA mataikya nahIM hai / adhikAMza lekhaka Arya kAlaka. dvArA videza se zakoM kA lAyA jAnA aura unakI sainika sahAyatA se garda bhilla ko rAjyacyuta karanA mAnate haiM / isake viparIta kucha itihAsajJoM ne gahana anusandhAna ke pazcAt yaha prabhimata abhivyakta kiyA hai ki Arya kAlaka ke samaya meM sindha prAnta meM zakoM kA rAjya thaa| Arya kAlaka ujjayinI se sIdhe sindha pradeza meM gaye aura vahAM ke zakoM ko ujjayinI para prAkramaraNa karane ke lie sahamata kiyA / tadanantara zakoM aura balamitra - bhAnumitra kI senA ne eka sAtha ujjayinI para AkramaNa kara gardabhilla ko parAjita kiyA tathA sAdhvI sarasvatI ko mukta karavAyA / prAcIna grantha nizIthacUriMga meM kAlaka ke phArasa deza meM jAne kA nahIM apitu 'pArisakula' jAne kA tathA vahAM ke zakarAja ko apane nimittajJAna se prabhAvita kara apanA sahAyaka banAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| phArasa meM zakoM ke sAmrAjya kI samApti ke pazcAt vahAM ke zAha dvArA calAye gaye zakavirodhI abhiyAna ke kAraNa jo zaka loga sindha pradeza meM Akara rahane lage the, saMbhavataH nizIthacUriMgakAra unhIM zakoM ke lie pAriskula' zabda kA prayoga kiyA ho| ujjayinI se prArya kAlaka kA phArasa jaise sudUravartI evaM aparicita deza meM jAnA, vahAM ke zakoM kA vizvAsa prApta karanA tathA unheM bhArata jaise vizAla deza para AkramaNa karane ke lie sahamata karanA, ye saba kArya bar3e kaSTasAdhya, samayasAdhya evaM saMzayAspada pratIta hote haiM / aisI sthiti meM Arya kAlaka dvArA usa samaya sindha pradeza meM zAsana karane vAle zakoM kI sahAyatA prApta karane tathA balamitra bhAnumitra evaM zakoM kI saMgaThita sainyazakti se gardabhilla ko rAjyacyuta karane kI bAta adhika saMgata pratIta hotI hai| jo bhI ho itanA to nizcita hai ki zrArya kAlaka jaise samartha AcArya ne vivaza hokara anyAya kA pratikAra tathA duSTa kA damana karane ke lie hI anya koI upAya na hone ke kAraNa yuddha kA sahArA liyaa| apanI satI-sAdhvI bahina ke satItva evaM sammAna kI rakSA ke lie sainya zakti ekatrita kara Arya kAlaka ne gardabhilla ko usake anAcArapUrNa nikRSTa duSkRtya kA jo daNDa diyA, usameM rASTra ke vighaTana kI svalpamAtra bhI gaMdha nahIM ho sakatI / yadi Arya kAlaka ke antara meM deza ke vighaTana kI kiJcitmAtra bhI bhAvanA hotI to ve zakoM kI senA ke sAtha balamitra bhAnumatra kI senA ko nahIM lete / itihAsa sAkSI hai ki zakoM ke sAtha ujjayinI

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kAlakAcArya (dvitIya)] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya samudra kI ora bar3hate hue Arya kAlaka ne mArga meM bharauMca ke rAjA - apane bhAnaje balamitra-bhAnumitra ko bhI sAtha liyA aura balamitra tathA zakoM kI saMyukta senAoM ne ujjayinI para prabala vega se AkramaNa kiyaa|' bhISaNa yuddha ke pazcAta ujjayinI kI senA burI taraha parAsta hii| gardabhilla kI vidyA ko nirarthaka kara diyA gayA aura usako bandI banAkara sAdhvI sarasvatI ko chur3A liyA gyaa| jisa zakarAja ke yahAM Arya kAlaka Thahare the, use ujjayinI ke rAjya-siMhAsana para baiThAyA gyaa| usase zaka vaMza prasiddha huaa| isa prakAra vIra nirvANa saMvat 466 meM ujjayinI para kucha kAla ke lie zakoM kA zAsana sthApita huaa| Arya kAlaka ke nirdezAnusAra gardabhilla ko bandIgRha se chor3a diyA gyaa| . prAyaM kAlaka ne saMgha rakSArtha kiye gaye isa mahA prArambhajanya pApa kI samucita prAyazcitta dvArA zuddhI kI aura apanI bahina sarasvatI ko bhI punaH dIkSita kara saMyama mArga meM sthApita kiyaa| tapa saMyama kI sAdhanA karate hue prAcArya kAlaka punaH jinazAsana kI sevA meM nirata ho gye| Apane sudUra pradezoM meM vicaraNa kara / (ka) ......"tAhe je gaddahillenAvamAriNayA lADarAyANo maSNe ya te miliuM samvehiM pi rohiyA ujjennii| [kahAvalI, 2, 285] (kha) nizIpacUriNa, 10 u0, bhA0 3, pR0 56 nizIthacariNa, bhA0 3, pR. 56 ke ullekhAnusAra gardabhilla ne gardabhI vidyA kI sAdhanA kara rakkhI thii| usa vidyA ke bala se vaha apane pApako aparAjeya samajhatA thaa| kisI bhI zatru ke AkramaNa kI sUcanA pAkara vaha gardabhI ko eka uccatama aTTAlikA para sthApita kara svayaM aSTama tapa pUrvaka usa vidyA kI sAdhanA krtaa| vidyA ke siddha hote hI gardabhI bar3e ucca svara meM reNktii| gardabhI kA prakhara svara zatrunoM kA jo bhI sainika athavA hastI, azva prAdi pazu sunatA, vahI tatkAla muMha se rakta-vamana karatA huA nizceSTa ho pRthvI para gira pdd'taa| Arya kAlaka isa gupta rahasya se paricita the ataH unhoMne 108 zabdaveSI dhanurdhara yodAmoM ko pahale se hI sanada rakhA aura gardabhilla dvArA siha kI huI gardabhI ne bolane ke lie jyoM hI apanA muMha kholA tyoM hI una yotAoM ne bANoM se usakA muha bhara diyaa| pariNAmataH gardabhilla kI vidyA kA prabhAva naSTa ho gyaa| -sampAdaka 3 (ka) kAlagajjo samallINo so tatya rAyA adhivo| rAyA Thavito, tAhe sagavaMso uppaNyo / - [nizISaNi, 10 u0]. (kha) sUrI jappAsi Thimo, pAsI so vaMtisAmiyo sesaa| ___tassevagA ya jAyA, tamo pautto ma sgvNso|| [kAlakAcArya kathA, gA0 80] erise vi mahAraMbhe kAraNe vidhIe sudo prajayaNA paccattiyaM, puNa kareti pcchitt| _ [nizISaNa, u* 10, bhA0 3, pR. 60] 5. (ka) bhagiriNa puNaravi saMjame ThaviyA..... [nizIyariNa, u0 1., bhAga 3, pR. 60] (kha) bhilla nigRhya sarasvatI mumoca, mUlamvevena zodhayitvA punaH zrAmaNye sthApayat / [abhiyAna rAjena, bhA0 3, pR. 460]

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514 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra aura aneka bhavya jIvoM kA uddhAra kiyA / ApakA ziSya parivAra itanA vizAla thA ki vaha bhArata aura bhArata se bAhara ke vibhinna pradezoM meM vicaraNa kara agaNita bhavya janoM ko saddharma kA anuyAyI banAne lagA / idhara zaka rAjAoM ke pArasparika vaimanasya ke kAraNa ujjayinI meM zakoM kA rAjya zanaiH zanaiH zaktivihIna hone lagA / cAra varSa' bhI nahIM ho pAye the ki vikramAditya ne eka prabala senA le kara vIra nirvANa saMvat 470 meM ujjayinI ke zaka-rAja para bhayaMkara AkramaNa kiyA aura yuddha meM zakoM ko parAjita kara ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyA / jaina vAGmaya meM aneka aise puSTa pramAraNa vidyamAna haiM, jinase nirvivAdarUpeNa yaha siddha hotA hai ki vikramAditya ne vIra ni0 saM0 470 meM zakoM ko parAsta kara ujjayinI ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kiyA aura usI varSa se vikrama saMvat pracalita huA / isa prakAra ke pravala pramAraNoM kI vidyamAnatA meM bhI gaha prazna Aja taka eka anabUjha pahelI ke rUpa meM vidvAnoM ke samakSa upasthita hai ki vikrama saMvat vikrama ke rAjyArohaNa ke samaya se prArambha huA athavA usakI mRtyu pazcAt | jaina vAGmaya meM hI upalabdha eka-do ullekhoM ne isa prazna ko aura bhI jaTila rUpa pradAna kara diyA hai, jinameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vikramAditya ne ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna hone ke 17 varSa athavA 13 varSa pazcAt saMvatsara pracalita kiyA / ke vikramAditya ke vIra ni0 saM0 470 meM rAjyAsIna hone kA sIdhA aura spaSTa ullekha 'vicArazreNI' kI eka gAthA meM dRSTigocara hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : vikkamarajjAraMbhA, parapro, sirivIranivvuI bhaNiyA / suna- muNiveya ( 470) juto, vikkamakAlAu jiraNakAlo || arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa dina se 470 varSa pazcAt vikrama kA rAjya prArambha huA / vikramAditya ne vikrama saMvat ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha hote hI pracalita kiyA athavA kAlAntara meM - isa prakAra ke prazna ke utpanna hone ke pIche bhI eka kAraNa hai / vaha yaha hai ki dazAzrutaskandha cUriMga kI eka gAthA meM, gardabhillocchedaka kAlakAcArya ke vIra ni0 saM0 453 meM hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / " usa gAthA meM diye hue saMvat ke zrAdhAra para sAdhvI sarasvatI ke apaharaNakarttA gardabhilla kA zakoM dvArA uccheda kiyA jAnA 453 meM aura vikramAditya dvArA zakoM kA unmUlana evaM ujjayinI ke siMhAsana para ArUr3ha honA [vicArazreNI (merutu ga ) ] 1 . ..." saggassa cau"... 2 taha gadda bhillarajjassa chetrago kAlagAMyariyo hohI / tevannacausaehi ( 453) guraNasayakaliyo pahAjutto //

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kAlakAcArya (dvitIya)] dazapUrva ghara kAla : prArya samudra 515 457 meM mAna liyA gyaa| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 453 meM prArya kAlaka ko prAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA thA / vIra ni0 saM0 457 aura 470 ke bIca sambhavataH tAlamela baiThAne ke lie nimnalikhita gAthA kA upayoga kiyA gayA, jo ki vicArazreNI meM ullikhita hai : vikkama rajjAraNaMtara satarasavAsehiM vaccharapavittI ujjayinI ke rAjya para AsIna hone ke 17 varSa pazcAt vikrama dvArA vikrama saMvatsara pracalita kiye jAne kI bAta bhI kAlagaNanA ko dRSTi se ThIka nahIM baiThatI / yadi vIra ni0 saM0 457 meM rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hone ke 17 varSa pazcAt vikrama dvArA saMvatsara pracalita karane kI bAta mAnI jAya to vikrama dvArA saMvatsara pravartana kA kAla bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvAraNa ke 470 varSa pazcAt nahIM apitu 474 varSa pazcAt kA ThaharatA hai / isa vaiSamya ko hala karane vAlI eka anya gAthA vicArazreNI ke pariziSTa meM muni jinavijayajI ne dI hai vikkama rajjAraNaMtara terasavAsesu vaccharapavittI / -: isa gAthA meM batAyA gayA hai ki vikrama ne siMhAsanArUr3ha hone ke 13 varSa pazcAt saMvat calAyA / isake atirikta vIra ni0 saM0 470 se pahale vIra ni0 saM0 457 athavA anya kisI samaya meM zakoM ko parAjita kara vikrama dvArA ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para adhikAra karane kI mAnyatA kA janma sambhavataH uparokta do prAcIna gAthAnoM aura caturthI ke dina paryuSaNa parvArAdhana prArambha kiye jAne viSayaka nizIthacUriMga ke ullekha ke AdhAra para huA hai / nizIthacUriMga meM yaha ullekha vidyamAna hai ki prArya kAlaka zaka rAjya kI samApti ke pazcAt ujjayinI gaye / usa samaya unake bhAnaje balamitra aura bhAnumitra ujjayinI rAjya ke svAmI the / ujjayinI meM anukUla prathavA pratikUla parISaha upasthita kiye jAne para kAlaka ne ujjayinI se pratiSThAnapura kI bhora vihAra kara diyaa| pratiSThAnapura meM pahu~cane para vahAM ke rAjA sAtavAhana kI prArthanA para Arya kAlaka ne paramparAgata paMcamI ke sthAna para caturthI ke dina paryAvaraNa parvArAdhana kiyA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki nizItha cUriMga ke isa prakAra ke ullekha kI puSTi hetu hI uparyullikhita donoM gAthAoM meM se kisI eka kI racanA kI gaI ho / . aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi ke saMdarbha meM samIcInatayA paryAlocana se gardabhilla tathA zakoM ke pazcAt balamitra - bhAnumitra dvArA ujjayinI para adhikAra kiyA jAnA kisI bhI dazA meM pramANita nahIM hotA / zrArya kAlaka ke bhAgineya balamitra bhAnumitra usa samaya meM bhRgukaccha (bhar3oMca) ke rAjA the aura unakA rAjya, zakoM kA ujjayinI para se vikrama dvArA prAdhipatya samApta kiye jAne ke pazcAt bhI bhaDoMca taka hI sImita rahA /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) vartamAna meM jo vIra ni0 saM0, vikrama saM0 aura zaka saM0 pracalita haiM, ve pUrNa prAmANika hone ke sAtha-sAtha paraspara eka-dUsare se pUrI taraha tAlamela rakhate haiN| ina tInoM hI saMvatoM kI prAmANikatA ko siddha karane meM sabase adhika sahAyaka evaM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa yadi koI ullekha hai, to vaha vicArazreNI kA nimnalikhita ullekha hai : ja raNi kAlago arihA titthaMkaro mhaaviiro| taM rayariNamavaMtivaI ahisitto pAlo rAyA / / saTThI pAlagaraNNo, paNavanasayaM tu hoi naMdANaM / aTThasayaM muriyANaM, tIsaMciya pUsamittasa / / balamitta bhAnumittANa saTThi varisAriNa catta nhvhrnn| taha gaddabhillarajjaM, terasa vAse sagassa cau / / ina gAthAmoM ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ko prApta hone ke pazcAta nimnalikhita rAjAoM kA unake nAma ke Age ullikhita varSoM taka rAjya rahA : 60 varSa nandavaMza 155 // mauryavaMza puSyamitra balamitra-bhAnumitra nabhovAhana gardabhilla pAlaka 108 // 60 40 pUrNa yoga 470 varSa isake pazcAt 'vicArazreNI' meM nimnalikhita ullekha kiyA gayA hai : tadanu vikramAdityaH dharmAdityaH bhAillaH nAillaH nAhahaH ubhayaM (Upara ke 470 aura ye 135) tadanu zAkasaMvatsarapravRttiH / uktaca - zrIvIranirvRtervaSaH SaDbhiH patrottaraH zataiH / zAka saMvatsarasyaiSA, pravRttibharate'bhavat / /

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kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) ] dazapUrvara- kAla : Arya samudra 517 isakI puSTi 'tiloyapaNNattI,' 'trilokasAra' Adi digambara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM dvArA bhI kI gaI hai / " uparokta ullekhoM se yaha nirvivAdarUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 466 meM gardabhilla ko rAjyacyuta kara ujjayinI rAjya para adhikAra karane vAle zakoM ko vikramAditya ne vIra ni0 saM0 470 meM parAjita kiyA / isI varSa prarthAt vIra ni0 saM0 470 meM ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para zrArUr3ha hote hI vikramAditya ne apane nAma kA saMvatsara pravRtta kiyA / yaha sambhava hai ki vikramAditya dvArA pracalita kiyA gayA yaha saMvatsara prAraMbha meM ujjayinI rAjya taka hI sImita rahA ho aura zakoM ko bhArata ke sampUrNa bhUbhAga se bAhara khader3ane tathA bhArata ke aneka par3osI rAjyoM ko apane zAsana ke antargata lA vRhattara bhArata kA nirmANa karane ke pazcAt usane pUrvapracAlita saMvatsara hI vidhivat apane sampUrNa sAmrAjya meM mAnya karane kI ghoSaNA kI ho| isa prakAra kI ghoSaNA kA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 470 se 17 athavA 13 varSa pazcAt kA ho sakatA hai, na ki saMvatsara - pravartana kA / DimiTriyasa mInANDara, yUkreDA iTIja aura anya zakoM dvArA bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM para kiye gaye zrAdhipatya ko haTAne meM vikrama ko 13 athavA 17 varSa avazya hI lage hoNge| hamAre anumAna se uparokta donoM gAthAeM vikrama dvArA kI gaI isa prakAra kI udghoSaraNA kI mora hI saMketa karatI haiM / aisI sthiti meM eka prakAra se nizcita rUpeNa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nizIthacUrikAra ko, balamitra bhAnumitra kA bhaDoMca ke sthAna para ujjayinI meM rAjya hone kA aura vahAM sa tannimitta se prAyaM kAlaka ke vihAra kA ullekha karane pravazya koI bhrAMti huI ho / paMcamI ke sthAna para caturthI kA parvArAdhana prArya kAlaka ne paMcamI ke badale caturthI ko paryAvaraNa parva kA prArAdhana pracalita kiyA isa ghaTanA kA vivaraNa dete hue nizIthacUrNI meM nimna prakAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai : -- "aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue prArya kAlaka ujjayinI ( bhaDoMca) padhAre. aura vahAM varSAvAsa kiyaa| usa samaya vahAM balamitra kA rAjya thA aura unake anuja bhAnumitra yuvarAja the / balamitra - bhAnumitra kI eka bahina thI jisakA nAma bhAnuzrI thA / bhAnuzrI kA putra balabhAnu prakRti se bar3A hI sarala evaM vinIta thA aura sAdhunoM ke prati " jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 545 kAraNiyA cautthI prajja kAlagAyarieNa pavattiyA / [nizIyacUrNI, bhA0 3 10 131] [ kAlakAcArya kathA ] 3 balamitta bhANumittA, prAsi bhavaMtIi rAyajuvarAyA | niya bhANijjati tayA, tatya gamro kAlagAyariyo / / 64 / /

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* 518 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ caturthI kA parvArAdhana pragAr3ha niSThA tathA bhakti rakhatA thA / saMyogavaza kAlakAcArya kA upadeza suna kara vaha pratibuddha evaM saMsAra se virakta ho unhIM ke pAsa dIkSita ho gyaa| isake phalasvarUpa balamitra aura bhAnumitra ne ruSTa hokara kAlakAcArya ko varSAkAla meM hI ujjayinI ( bhaDoMca) se vihAra karane ke liye bAdhya kiyA / prazAsana kI ora se utpanna kI gaI pratikUla paristhiti meM prAcArya kAlaka ne apane ziSya-samUha sahita ujjayinI (bhaDoMca) se pratiSThAnapura kI bhora vihAra kiyA / / prAcArya ke prati unakI prati prabala IrSyA utpanna varSAkAla meM vihAra karane jaisI pratikUla vikaTa paristhiti kA anya prAcArya eka dUsarA hI kAraNa batAte haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki AcArya kAlaka ke bhAgineya hone ke kAraNa balamitra - bhAnumitra apane mAtula prAcArya ke prati prAntarika zraddhAbhakti rakhate aura unakA atyadhika zrAdara-sammAna karate the nissIma zraddhA dekha kara purohita ke mana meM prAcAryazrI ke huI aura vaha rAjA tathA yuvarAja ke sammukha bAra-bAra yaha kaha kara ki - ye vedabAhya haiM, pASaMDI haiM, unakI nindA karatA rahatA thA / dhArmika asahiSNutA se prerita ho purohita ne eka dina balamitra - bhAnumitra ke samakSa AcArya kAlaka ke sAtha saiddhAntika carcA prArambha kii| AcArya ne praznottara meM purohita ko niruttara zrIra hataprabha kara diyA / apanI isa parAjaya se purohita ke antara meM prAcArya ke prati vidveSAgni bhar3aka uThI / purohita ne upayukta avasara dekha kara rAjA ko zrAcArya Saree ke prati bhar3akAte hue kahA - "rAjan ! ye RSi bar3e pratApI, puNyAtmA aura mahAna tapasvI haiM / jisa mArga se ye jAte haiM, usa mArga se kisI rAjapuruSa ko nahIM calanA cAhiye / usa mArga se calane para unake caraNacinhoM para paira giranA saMbhava hai / guru caraNoM para paira girane se rAjya meM daivI prakopa Adi ke rUpa meM praziva vyApta ho sakatA hai / ataH rAjyahita aura janahita meM inheM yahAM se vidA kara denA hI zreyaskara hai ! ". isa prakAra kAraNAntara se cAturmAsAvadhi meM hI AcArya kAlaka ne vahAM se pratiSThAnapura kI ora vihAra kara diyA aura pratiSThAnapura ke zramaNasaMgha ko saMdeza pahu~cAyA ki ve paryUSaNa parvArAdhana se pUrva hI pratiSThAnapura pahuMca rahe haiM ataH parvArAdhana sambandhI Avazyaka kAryakrama unake vahAM pahuMcane ke pazcAt nizcita kiyA jAya / pratiSThAnapura kA rAjA sAtavAhana jainadharmAvalambI aura parama zraddhAlu zramaNopAsaka thA / vaha vahAM ke saMgha, rAjanyavarga, bhRtyagaraNa, parijana evaM pratiSThita paurajanoM sahita svAgatArthaM prAcAryazrI ke sammukha pahu~cA aura bar3e hI Adara-satkAra evaM ullAsa ke sAtha kAlakAcArya kA nagara praveza huA / nagara meM pahu~cane ke pazcAt grArya kAlakAcArya ne saMgha ke samakSa kahA ki bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI ko sAmUhika rUpa se paryUSaNa parvArAdhana kiyA jAya / zramaNopAsaka saMgha ne AcArya ke isa nirdeza ko svIkAra kiyA parantu usI samaya rAjA sAtavAhana ne kahA - "bhagavan! paMcamI ke dina lokaparamparAnusAra mujhe indra

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516 caturthI kA parvArAdhana] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : mArya samudra mahotsava meM sammilita honA hogaa| aisI sthiti meM yadi paMcamI ke dina parvArAdhana kiyA gayA to maiM sAdhuvandana, dharmazravaNa aura samIcInatayA parvArAdhana se vaMcita raha jAUMgA / ataH 6 ke dina parvArAdhana kiyA jAya to samucita rhegaa|" prAcArya ne kahA - "parva-tithi kA atikramaNa to nahIM ho sktaa|" rAjA sAtavAhana ne kahA - "aisI dazA meM eka dina pahale caturthI ko parvArAdhana kara liyA jAya to kyA hAni hai ?" apanI sahamati prakaTa karate hue kAlakAcArya ne kahA - "ThIka hai, aisA ho sakatA hai|" isa prakAra prabhAvaka hone ke kAraNa kAlakAcArya ne deza-kAla mAdi kI paristhiti ko dekhate hue bhAdrapada zuklA caturthI meM panosavaraNa (paryuSaNa parvArAdhana) prArambha kiyaa| kucha paTTAvalIkAroM ne vIra nivAraNa saMvat 663 meM kAlakAcArya (caturtha) dvArA caturthI kA payUSaNa parva pracalita kiye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| usI ko dRSTi meM rakhakara merutuMga ne apanI vicArazreNI meM caturthI parva ke kartA kAlakAcArya ko nirvAsita karane vAle balamitra bhAnumitra ko vIra ni0 saM0 470 se 472 kI avadhi ke bIca vidyamAna balamitra-bhAnumitra se bhinna aura vIra ni0 saM0 663 meM vidyamAna hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| saMbhava hai unake sammukha nimnalikhita gAthA rahI ho : teNaumra naksaehi, samaikatehi vddhmaarnnaamo| pajjosavaNa cautthI, kAlagasUrIhiM tu ThaviyA / / mUlataH yaha gAthA kisa graMtha kI hai, isa bAta kA nirNaya bhaneka aMgoM ke samyagavalokana ke pazcAt bhI abhI taka nahIM ho pAyA hai| aisI dazA meM ise prakSipta gAthA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| kalpasUtra kI saMdehaviSauSadhi nAmaka apanI TIkA meM prAcArya jinaprabha ne ise tityogAliyapainnA kI gAthA betAyA hai| para vahAM isa gAthA kA kahIM nAma-nizAna taka nahIM hai| kAlakAcArya kathA meM isa gApA ko- "uktaM ca prathamAnuyogasArodAre" - likhakara prathamAnuyogasArobAra kI honA batAyA hai para isa nAma kA koI bhI graMtha prAja mastitva meM nahIM hai| kAlasaptatikA meM gAthAMka 41 ke sAtha yaha gAthA upalabdha hotI hai, para isa graMtha kI pravacUrNI meM isa gAthA ke sambandha meM eka zabda taka nahIM likhA gayA hai| isase spaSTa rUpa se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki vastutaH yaha gAthA kAlasaptatikA kI nahIM apitu prakSipta hai| jaisA ki kalpakiraNAvalI meM kahA gayA hai :___"iti gAthAcatuSTayaM tIrthodgArAdyuktasammatitayA pradarzitaM tIrthodgAre ca na dRzyate ityapi vicAraNIyam / yadyapi 'teNaupanavasaehi' iti gAthA kAlasapta* nizISaNi, u0 10, bhA0 3, pR0 131

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520 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) tikAyAM dRzyate paraM tatra prakSepagAthAnAM vidyamAnatvena tadavacUrNAvavyAkhyAtatvena ceyaM na sUtrakRtkartRketi saMbhAvyate / " isa prakAra ukta gAthA kA mUla sthAna anirNIta hone ke kAraNa ise avizvasanIya aura prakSipta hI kahA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 663 meM caturthI paryuSaNA prArambha hone kI gAthokta vAta tathyoM kI kasauTI para kharI utaratI hai yA nhiiN| Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki nizItha cUrNI aura anya granthoM meM nirvivAda rUpa se yaha bAta mAnI gaI hai ki pratiSThAnapura ke rAjA sAtavAhana ke nivedana para kAlakAcArya ne sakAraNa caturthI ke dina paryuSaNA kii| jaba yaha mAna liyA jAtA hai ki sAtavAhana ke samaya meM hI paryaSaNA parva caturthI ko huA taba yaha mAnanA kisI bhI taraha saMgata nahIM hogA ki vI0 ni0 saM0 663 meM kAlakAcArya ne caturthI se parva kA aArAdhana prArambha kiyaa| kyoMki yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI meM prAndhra rAjya kA anta ho cukA thaa| bhaDauMca meM balamitra - bhAnumitra kA rAjyakAla aura pratiSThAnapura meM sAtavAhana kA rAjyakAla bhI, kAlakAcArya dvitIya dvArA vIra ni0 saM0 470 se 472 ke bIca meM bhAdrapada zuklA caturthI ke dina parvArAdhana prArambha kiye jAne ke kAla se mela khAtA hai / / aisI sthiti meM nirvivAda rUpa se yahI pramANita hotA hai ki kAlakAcArya dvitIya meM vIra ni0 saM0 470 se 472 ke bIca kisI samaya balamitra- bhAnumitra ke purohita dvArA utpanna kI gaI pratikUla paristhiti ke kAraNa cAturmAsAvadhi meM bhaDoMca se vihAra kara pratiSThAnapura meM vahAM ke rAjA sAtavAhana kI prArthanA para caturthI ke dina paryuSaNa parva kI pratiSThApanA kii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vI0 ni0 saM0 663 meM kAlakAcArya caturtha dvArA vallabhI ke rAjA dhruvasena ke putra-zoka-nivAraNArtha saMgha ke samakSa pahale-pahala kalpasUtra kI bAcanA kI gaI, nAmasAmya ke kAraNa usa ghaTanA ke sAtha dvitIya kAlakAcArya dvArA caturthI ke dina parvArAdhana kI ghaTanA ko bhI jor3a diyA gayA ho| isake atirikta yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki Age cala kara vikrama kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM caturthI ke sthAna para punaH paMcamI ko parvArAdhana kI prakriyA pracalita huI, usa samaya caturthI ke parvArAdhana ko arvAcIna ThaharAne kI dRSTi se kisI ne yaha gAthA banA kara, kisI prAcIna grantha ke nAma se prakSipta kara dI ho| dvitIya kAlakAcArya ke isa samaya ke sambandha meM dazAzruta skaMdha kI cUriNa meM eka prAcIna gAthA bhI upalabdha hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : taha gaddabhillarajjassa cheyago kAlagAyariyo hoi / tevaNa causayehi, guNasayakaliyo suprapautto / / 2 - kalpakiraNAvalI, pR0 131 2 (ka) dussamAkAlasamaNasaMghathayaM, pravacUri [paTTAvalI samuccaya (kha) apApA vRhatkalpa

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caturthI kA parvArAdhana] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : pAyaM samudra 521 ___ isa gAthA ke anusAra bhI dvitIya kAlakAcArya kA astitva vI0ni0 saM0 453 meM honA sunizcita rUpa se siddha hotA hai| kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) svarNabhUmi meM apanI Ayu ke antima caraNa meM eka samaya prAcArya kAlaka (dvitIya) apane suvizAla ziSya-parivAra ke sAtha ujjayinI meM vicara rahe the| vRddhAvasthA hote hue bhI ve apane ziSyasamUha ko prAgama-vAcanA dene meM sadA tatpara rahate the| unhIM dinoM prArya kAlaka ke praziSya prArya sAgara jo ki sUtrArtha ke acche zAtA the - svarNabhUmi meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| ____ apane samIpastha ziSyoM meM prAgamoM ke adhyayana ke prati yatheSTa ruci aura. tatparatA kA abhAva dekha kara prAcArya kAlaka eka dina bar3e khinna hue| ve socane lage - "ye mere ziSya manoyoga se anuyogazravaNa nahIM kara rahe haiM / aisI dazA meM inake bIca Thaharane se kyA lAbha ? mujhe usI sthAna para rahanA cAhiye jahAM ki anuyogoM kI pravRtti acchI taraha se ho rahI ho| saMbhava hai, mere anyatra cale jAne para ziSya bhI lajjita hokara anuyoga grahaNa karane ke liye utsAhita ho jaayN|" aisA vicAra kara mArya kAlaka ne zayyAtara se kahA- "maiM svarNabhUmi kI pora jA rahA huuN| tuma mere ziSyoM ko anAyAsa hI yaha bAta mata batAnA / jaba ye atyadhika prAgraha kareM to kaha denA ki prAcArya svarNabhUmi meM sAgara ke pAsa gaye haiN|" . isa prakAra zayyAtara ko avagata kara rAtri meM ziSyoM ke jAgRta hone se pahale hI kAlakAcArya svarNabhUmi kI ora prasthita hue aura svarNabhUmi meM pahuMca kara sAgara ke gaccha meM praviSTa ho gye| Arya sAgara ne bhI- "yaha koI khaMta hai" aisA samajha kara upekSA se abhyutthAnAdi nahIM kiyaa| artha-pauruSI ke samaya tatvoM kA vyAkhyAna karate hue prAcArya sAgara ne navAgantuka vRddha sAdhu (kAlakAcArya) se pUchA - "khanta ! kyA tuma yaha samajhate ho?" prAcArya ne uttara diyA - "hA~ / " sAgara ne sagarva svara meM - "to phira suno" - yaha kaha kara anuyoga prArambha kiyaa| udhara ujjayinI meM rahe hae ziSyoM ne jaba prAcArya ko nahIM dekhA paura saba ora DhUMDhane para bhI unheM nahIM pAyA to unhoMne zayyAtara se prAcArya ke sambandha meM puuchaa|

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522 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kA (di.) svarNabhUmi meM zayyAtara ne kahA- "jaba pApa ke prAcArya ne prApa logoM ko bhI nahIM batAyA to mujhe kaise batAte / apane prAcArya kI isa prakAra apratyAzita anupasthiti se cintita hokara jaba ziSyoM ne bAra-bAra pratyAgrahapUrvaka pUchA to zayyAtara ne kahA- "pAgamoM ke adhyayana meM pApa logoM kI manda pravRtti ko dekhakara prAcArya ko bar3A nirveda hamA hai, prataH ve prArya sAgara ke pAsa svarNabhUmi cale gaye haiN|" yaha kaha kara zayyAtara ne adhyayana ke prati upekSA ke liye una ziSyoM ko kaTu zabdoM meM upAlambha diyaa| isase lajjita ho ziSya bhI uso samaya svarNabhUmi kI ora cala pdd'e| mArga meM loga jaba unase pUchate ki yaha kona prAcArya jA rahe haiM? to ve uttara dete"prAcArya kaalk|" isa prakAra, yaha sUcanA bar3I tIvra gati se svarNabhUmi meM sarvatra phaila gaI aura logoM ne sAgara se kahA- "bahuzruta aura bahuparivAra vAle prAcArya kAlaka yahAM padhAra rahe haiN|" / yaha sunakara bhAcArya sAgara bar3e prasanna hue aura apane ziSyo se kahane lage- "mere zradeya dAdAgurU mA rahe haiN| unase maiM kucha jJAtavya bAteM puuchNgaa|" sAgara apane aneka ziSyoM ko sAtha lekara usa yuga ke mahAn bhAcArya apane dAdAgurU mArya kAlaka kI agupAnI ke liye sammukha pahuMcA / prAgantuka ziSya samUha ne unase pUchA- "kyA yahAM prAcArya prAye haiN|" unhoMne uttara diyA- "nahIM ! eka anya khaMta to pAye hue haiN|" upAzraya meM pahu~ca kara ujjayinI se pAye hue sAdhu-samUha ne jaba bhAvavibhora ho nissIma zraddhA ke sAtha apane prAcArya ke caraNoM meM vandana kiyA, taba pArya sAgara ko mAta humA ki ye khaMta hI usake dAdAgurU prAcArya mArya kAlaka haiN| vaha lajjA se bhUmi meM gaDa sA gyaa| vaha pazcAttApa bhare svara meM bolA- "aho ! maiMne bahuta pralApa kiyA aura kSamAzramaNa se vandana bhI krvaayaa|" tadanantara prAsAtanA kI zuddhi ke liye prArya sAgara ne aparAhna meM 'mithyAduSkRta' kiyA aura prAcArya ke caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAte hue vinamra svara meM pUchA- "kSamAzramaNa ! maiM kaisA anuyoga karatA hUM ?" prAcArya kAlaka ne kahA- "acchA hai, para kabhI bhUla kara bhI garva mata krnaa|" mArya kAlaka ne muTThI meM dhUli le use eka sthAna para rkhaa| use punaH uThA-uThA kara kramazaH tIna sthAnoM para rakhA aura sAgara ko batAyA ki jisa prakAra yaha dhUli kI rAzi eka sthAna para DAlane ke pazcAt vahAM se dUsare, tIsare mAdi sthAnoM para rakhane aura uThAne se nirantara kama hotI jAtI hai, isI prakAra prartha bhI tIrthaMkaroM se gaNadharoM ko, gaNadharoM se hamAre pUrvavartI bhaneka prAcArya-upAdhyAyoM ko paramparA se prApta huA hai| isa taraha eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM mAtemAte isa artha ke kitane paryAya nikala gaye haiM, chUTa gaye haiM, vilIna ho gaye haiM, isakI

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kA0 (dvitIya) svarNabhUmi meM] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya samudra 523 kalpanA taka karanA kaThina hai| prataH jJAna ke sambandha meM kadApi garva karanA ucita nhiiN|" isa prakAra prAcArya kAlaka ne apane praziSya Arya sAgara ko pratibuddha kiyaa| eka isa prakAra kI bhI mAnyatA dRSTigocara hotI hai ki inhIM dvitIya kAlakAcArya kI paramparA se SAMDilya gaJcha niklaa| prAcArya vRddhavAdo paura sikhasena vikramIya prathama zatAbdI ke prAcAryoM meM vRddhavAdI kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| prApa siddhasena ke gurU aura bar3e hI pratibhAzAlI evaM dRr3ha saMkalpazIla saMta the| gaur3a deza ke kauzala grAma meM inakA janma huaa| prApakA janmanAma mukunda thaa| vidyAdhara vaMza ke prAcArya skandilasUri ke upadeza se virakta ho mukunda ne unake pAsa zramaraNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| praur3ha vaya meM dIkSita hone para bhI ve jJAnAbhyAsa ke bar3e rasika the| ve jJAna kI pipAsA liye dina-rAta bar3I lagana ke sAtha vidyAbhyAsa krte| ucca svara se abhyAsa karate rahane ke kAraNa anya sAdhuoM ko vikSepa hone lagA aura unhoMne unheM prAtaHkAla jaldI uTha kara par3hane se manA kiyaa| anya sAdhunoM dvArA samaya-samaya para ucca svara se prayAsa karane kA niSedha kiye jAne ke uparAnta bhI jJAnaprApti kI tIvra lagana ke kAraNa unase nahIM rahA gayA / eka dina kisI sAdhu ne unheM kaha diyA- "itane ucca svara se par3hakara kyA tumheM mUsala ke phUla lagAnA hai ?" __ makunda muni ke mana meM yaha bAta cUbhI aura unhoMne gurukRpA se sarasvatImaMtra prApta kara 21 dina taka nirantara prAcAmla vrata ke sAtha usakI sAdhanA kii| maMtrasiddhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa sarasvatI prasanna hokara bolI- "sarvavidyAsiddho bhv|" isa prakAra devI prabhAva se kavIndra hokara muni mukunda gurucaraNoM meM upasthita hae aura ucca svara se saMgha ke samakSa bole - "jo merA yaha kaha kara upahAsa karate haiM ki kyA vRddhAvasthA meM yaha mUsala ke phUla lagAyegA, ve saba dekheM, Aja maiM vastutaH mUsala ko puSpita kiye detA huuN|" yaha kaha kara mukunda muni ne maidAna meM khar3e ho apanI vidyA ke bala se saba ke dekhate-dekhate prAsuka jala se sIMcakara mUsala ko puSpita kara diyA aura yaha "jahA esa dhUlI ThavijjamANI ukkhippamAraNI ya samvatya parisaDai, evaM pratyo vi tityagare. hito gaNaharANaM, gaNaharehito jAva amhaM pAyariya uvajjhAyANaM paraMparAeNa prAgayaM, ko jANai kassa kei pajjAyA galiyA ? tA mA gavvaM kAhisi / [vRhatkalpa, sabhASya, 1 bhA., pR. 73-74] 1 muharta miva tatrAsthAt, dinAnAmekaviMzatim / satvatuSTA tataH sAkSAd bhUtvA devI tamabravIt / / [prabhAvaka ca0, pR0 55] ' vahI, pR0 55. zloka 31

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524 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prA0 30 paura siddhasena pramANita kara diyA ki dRr3ha saMkalpa vAle manuSya ke liye koI bhI kArya prasAdhya nahIM hai| . vRddha muni mukunda kI apratima vidvattA ke kAraNa koI bhI pratibAdI unake samakSa vAda meM khar3A nahIM raha pAtA thA, isaliye vRddhavAdI ke nAma se unakI cAroM ora prasiddhi ho gii| saba prakAra se yogya samajha kara mArya skandila ne unheM prAcArya pada para niyukta kiyaa| eka samaya vihArakrama se ghUmate hue vRddhavAdI bhRgupura kI ora jA rahe the| usa samaya siddhasena nAma ke eka vidvAn, jo apane prajJAbala-buddhibala ke samakSa saMsAra ke anya vidvAnoM ko tRNavat samajha rahe the, zAstrArtha kI icchA se deza-dezAntara meM ghUmate hue bhRgupura kI mora phuNce| vRddhavAdI kI vidvattA kI yazogAthAeM suna kara ve unake pIche cala pdd'e| usa samaya vRddhavAdI vihAra meM the| siddhasena bhI unake pIche-pIche gaye aura mArga meM donoM kA milana huaa| milate hI siddhasena ne vRddhavAdI se kahA- "maiM Apake sAtha zAstrArtha karanA cAhatA huuN|" prAcArya vRddhavAdI ne kahA-"acchI bAta hai, para yahAM zAstrArtha kI madhyasthatA karane vAlA koI vidvAna sabhya nahIM hai| aisI dazA meM binA samyoM ke vAda meM jayaparAjaya kA nirNaya kauna karegA?". vAda kI tIvra utkaNThA kA zamana karane meM asamartha siddhasena ne caravAhoM kI pora iMgita karate hue kahA- ye gopAla hI sabhya bneN|" vRddhavAdI ne siddhasena kA prastAva saharSa svIkAra kara liyA / gopAlakoM ke samakSa zAstrArtha prArambha humaa| siddhasena ne vAda kI pahala kii| unhoMne sabhya gopAloM ko sambodhita kara bar3e lambe samaya taka padalAlityapUrNa saMskRta bhASA meM bolate hue apanA pUrvapakSa prastuta kiyaa| para siddhasena kI eka bhI bAta una gopoM ke samajha meM nahIM AI / jaba siddhasena apanA pUrvapakSa rakhane ke pazcAt cupa hue to avasarajJa vRddhavAdI ne dRr3ha kacchA bAMdha kara saMgIta kI laya meM bolanA prArambha kiyA, jisakA bhAvArtha hai- jo kisI jIva ko nahIM mAratA, corI nahIM karatA, paradAragamana kA parityAga karatA aura yathAzakti thor3A-thor3A dAna karatA hai, vaha dhIredhIre svargadhAma prApta kara letA hai|' vRddhavAdI kI bAta sunakara gopa bar3e prasanna hue aura bole - "mo, ho ! bAbAjI mahArAja ne kaisA zrutisukhada, sundara aura sahI mArga batalAyA hai| ye siddhasenajI to kyA bole, kyA nahIM bole, yaha bhI jJAta nahIM humA / kevala jora-jora se bola kara inhoMne hamAre kAnoM meM TIsa paidA kara dii|" ' na vi mAriyai na vi coriya i, paradAraha gamaNu nivAriyai / thovA thovA dAiyai, saggi Tuku Tuku jAiyai / / [prabandhakoza]

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prA0 vRddhavAdI aura siddhasena] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM samudra 525 goSoM kA yaha nirNaya suna kara siddhasena ne apanI parAjaya svIkAra kI aura kahA- "bhagavana ! Apa mujhe dIkSita kara apanA ziSya banA leM, kyoMki samyoM ne aApakI vijaya ghoSita kI hai|" prAcArya vRddhavAdI ne kahA - "siddhasena ! bhRgupura meM cala kara rAjasabhA meM hama donoM kA zAstrArtha ho, gopAlamaNDala ke samakSa kiye gaye vAda kA kyA mahattva hai ?" para siddhasena apane vacana para dRr3ha rahe aura bole - "mahArAja! Apa kAlajJa haiN| jo kAlajJa hotA hai, vaha sarvajJa hotA hai ataH Apa make dIkSita kiijiye| siddhasena ke dada-nizcaya ko dekhakara prAcArya vRddhavAdI ne unheM dIkSita kara liyA aura dIkSA ke pazcAt unakA nAma kumudacandra rkhaa| kAlAntara meM AcArya pada para pratiSThita diye jAne ke pazcAt kumudacandra kI prAcArya siddhasena divAkara ke nAma se prasiddhi huii| apane suyogya ziSya siddhasena ko prAcArya pada para niyukta karane ke pazcAt vRddhavAdI anyatra vicaraNa karane lage aura siddhasena avantI kI ora pdhaare| avantI ke saMgha ne prAcArya kA bar3A svAgata kiyA aura "sarvajJa-putra" Adi viruda se unakI jaya bolate hue unheM nagarapraveza krvaayaa| saMyogavaza usa samaya mahArAja vikramAditya gajArUr3ha hokara sAmane kI ora A rahe the| "sarvajJaputra" kA viruda sunate hI unhoMne parIkSA ke liye hAthI para baiThe-baiThe hI mana se siddhasena ko namaskAra kiyaa| isa para siddhasena ne hAtha uThAkara vikramAditya dvArA kiye gaye mAnasika vandana kA uttara diyaa| rAjA ne prAcArya se prazna kiyA- "kyA ApakA AzIrvacana itanA sastA hai ki vandana nahIM karane vAle vyakti ko binA vandana kiye hI vaha de diyA jAtA hai ?" uttara meM prAcArya siddhasena ne kahA - "rAjan ! tumane tana se naM sahI para mana se vandana kiyA hai|" isa para prasanna hokara mahArAja vikramAditya ne sarvajana samakSa hAthI se utara kara unheM vandana kiyA aura unake caraNoM para koTi mudrAoM kI bheMTa samarpita kii|' dhana-dhAnya prAdi parigraha ke sampUrNa tyAgI prAcArya ne vikramAditya ko samajhAte hue kahA - "rAjan ! kaMcana-kAminI ko grahaNa karanA to dUra, jaina muni inakA sparza taka nahIM krte|" rAjA ne bhI yaha socakara ki yaha rAzi muni ke nimitta kI jA cukI hai, use punaH svIkAra nahIM kiyA aura isa prakAra usa rAzi kA janahita ke zubha kAryoM meM vyaya kiyA gayA / . (ka) dharmalAbha iti prokta, dUrAducchitapANaye / sUraye siddhasenAya, dado koTi narAdhipaH / / [prabandhakoza, prabandha 6} (kha) tasya dakSatayA tuSTa: prItidAne dado nRpaH / koTi hATaka TaMkAnAM, lekhaka patrake'likhat / / [prabhAvaka ca., pR. 56, zlo0 63]

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526 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mA0 vR0 paura siddhasena prAcArya siddhasena divAkara kI vidvattA aura unake camatkAroM ke sambandha meM bahuta sI janazrutiyAM prasiddha haiN| unameM se eka meM kahA gayA hai ki citrakUTa ke mAnastambha se siddhasena ne maMtra-vidyA kA eka patra prApta kiyA, jisameM ki do vidyAeM thiiN| prathama-hemasiddhi vidyA se yathepsita svarNa taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA thA aura dUsarI "sarsapa-vidyA" se sarasoM kI taraha agaNita sainika utpanna kiye jA sakate the| uparokta donoM vidyAeM lekara prAcArya siddhasena kuripura pahuMce aura vahAM ke rAjA devapAla ko apane vidyAbala se vijayavarmA ke sAtha yuddha meM vijayI bnaayaa| kRtajJatAvaza rAjA devapAla siddhasena kA parama bhakta bana gayA aura unheM uccatama rAjakIya sammAna aura 'divAkara' pada se sammAnita kara pratidina vandana karane jaataa| rAjabhakti se prabhAvita ho prAcArya siddhasena bhI pAlakI meM baiThakara rAjA ko darzana dene jAyA krte| yaha niyama hai ki rAgAtireka se mAnavamana sahaja hI prabhAvita ho jAtA hai| prAcArya siddhasena bhI isake apavAda nahIM rhe| rAjA aura puramAnya bhaktajanoM kI bhakti se ve saMyama-sAdhanA meM kucha zithila ho gye| khA-pIkara ArAma karane aura sone meM unakA adhikAMza samaya vyatIta hone lgaa| ve apane zramaNa varga ko bhI sAdhanA kI preraNA nahIM de pAte / prabandhakozakAra ne likhA hai - "jahAM guru nizcita hokara soye rahate hoM, vahAM ziSyavarga pIche kyoM rhegaa| unake ziSya bhI khA-pIkara prAyaH dina-rAta soye rahate haiM aura isa prakAra zayana kI spardhA meM muniyoM dvArA mokSa pIche kI ora Thela diyA jAtA hai|" . dharmasthAna meM zithilAcAra ke praveza kA citra khIMcate hue rAjazekharasUri ne khedapUrvaka kahA hai : "sadoSa jalapAna, phUla, phala aura gRhastha ke sAvadha karmoM kA yatanArahita hokara vahAM sevana kiyA jAtA thaa| adhika kyA kahA jAya, vahAM sAdhu veSa kI viDambanA ho rahI thii|" vRddhavAdI ne jaba siddhasena kI kIrti ke sAtha-sAtha uparokta zithilAcAra ke samAcAra sune, to unheM kheda huA aura ve siddhasena ko pratibodha dene hetu yogya sAdhunoM ko gaccha kI vyavasthA samhalA kara svayaM ekAkI rUpa se kUrmArapura kI pora cala pdd'e| vahAM pahuMca kara ve pAlakI uThAne vAloM meM sammilita ho gaye aura siddhasena ko pAlakI meM biThA kara calane lge| 'sumai guru niccito, sIsA vi suvaMti tassa prnnukmto| mosAhijjai mukkho, huDDAhuDDaM suvaMtehiM / / [prabandhakoza, 6 / 12] 2 dagapANaM pupphaphalaM, praNesariNajjaM gihatthakajjAI / prajayA paDisevaMti, jaivesaviDaMbagA navaraM / [vahI, 13] vartamAna kAla meM bhI zanaiH-zanaiH dharmasthAnoM meM bijalI kI rozanI, paMkhe tathA nala ke pAnI kA upayoga hone lagA hai / munirAja gRhasthoM kA kArya batAkara ina kAryoM ke lie vastuta mauna svIkRti pradAna kara rahe haiM / -sampAdaka

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prA. vRddhavAdI aura siddhasena] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya samudra 527 siddhasena ne DagamagAtI cAla dekha kara vRddha pAlakIvAhaka se pUchA"bhUribhArabharAkrAntaH, bAdhati skandha eSa te?" vRddhavAdI ne uttara meM kahA :"tathA na bAdhate skandhaH, yathA bAdhati baadhte|" paricita svara meM uttara suna kara siddhasena cauMka uThe aura socane lage -"merI bhUla batAne vAlA yaha kauna ? ye kahIM mere gurU vRddhavAdI to nahIM haiM ?" unhoMne tatkAla pAlakI se nIce utara kara dekhA aura vRddhavAdI ko pahicAna kara lajjita mana se kSamAyAcanA kii| prasaMgavaza siddhasena ko sAdhanA meM aura adhika sthita karane ke liye vRddhavAdI ne nimnalikhita gAthA par3ha kara unase isakA artha pUchA : aNaphullipa phulla ma toDai, mA rovA moDahiM / maNakusumehiM acci niraMjaNu, hiMDahi kAMi vaNeNa vaNu / / 14 / / [prabandhakoza] bahuta kucha socane para bhI siddhasena isa zloka kA yathArtha bhAva nahIM samajha sake / taba vRddhavAdI ne spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahA "praNaphulliya phulla ma toDai" arthAt - siddhasena ! yogarUpI vRkSa ke yaza kIrti aura pratApa prAdi jo phUla haiM, unheM kevalajJAnarUpI phala ke pAye binA hI avikasita dazA meM mata todd'| __ "mA rovA moDahiM" - arthAt - mahAvratoM ke ropoM (paudhoM) ko vyartha hI mata maror3a, mata roNd| "maNakusumehiM pracci niraMjaNu" - arthAt sadbhAvarUpI mana ke kusumoMphUloM se niraMjana jinendradeva kI pUjA kara / athavA siddhi prApta niraMjana prabhu kI manakusumoM se pUjA kara / ' ___ "hiMDahi kAMi vaNeNa vaNu" arthAt - vyartha hI vana se vana bhaTakane kI taraha rAjaraMjana mAdi nirarthaka kArya kyoM karatA hai ? kitanI sundara zikSA hai ? . vRddhavAdI kI zikSA ko suna kara siddhasena ne pAlocanApUrvaka zuddhi kii| ve saMyama-sAdhanA meM pUrNarUpeNa sthira hue aura rAjA ko pUcha kara vRddhavAdI ke sAtha kaThora sAdhanA karate hue vicaraNa karane lge| ___ jainazAstroM kI bhASA ke prazna ko le kara brAhmaNa vidvAn prAyaH kahA karate the ki jaina paramparA ke prAcArya saMskRta ke jJAtA nahIM the| anyathA zAstroM kI racanA prAkRta jaisI sarala bhASA meM nahIM kI jaatii| itanA hI nahIM inakA mahAmantra bhI sAdhAraNa janoM kI bhASA-prAkRta meM bolA jAtA hai| jAtigata saMskAra aura (ka) prabhAvaka paritra meM pAlakI uThAne kA ullekha nahIM hai| (1) mArava niraMcanaM vItarAgam / [prabhAvaka pariSa

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528 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prA0 vR0 aura siddhasena / bAlyakAla meM saMskRta ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa siddhasena ko unakA yaha kayana burA lgaa| namo'rhasiddhAcAryopAdhyAyasarvasAdhubhyaH - isa prakAra namaskAra maMtra kA unhoMne saMskRta meM uccAraNa kara vidvatsamAja ko sunAyA aura upAzraya meM prAkara apane gurU ke samakSa namaskAramantra kA saMskRta rUpAntara sunAte hue jaina zAstroM ko saMskRta bhASA meM racane kA vicAra prastuta kiyaa| isa para saMgha ne kahA - "siddhasena ! Apane vANI ke doSa se pApa kA upArjana kara liyA hai| tIrthakara bhagavAna aura gaNadhara saMskRta se anabhijJa nahIM the / aisA karane se tIrthakara-gaNadharoM kI avahelanA hotI hai| Apane anAdi zAzvata namaskAra maMtra kA saMskRta bhASA meM anuvAda kara ghora aparAdha kiyA hai| Apa isakI zuddhi ke liye dazaveM pArAMcika prAyazcitta ke bhAgI hote haiM / ____ yaha sunakara siddhasena ne saMgha aura guru ko sAkSI se 12 varSa paryanta mauna ke sAtha mukhavastrikA rajoharaNa rUpa sAdhuveza ko gupta rakha kara zAsana kI sevA karane kA pArAzcika prAyazcitta svIkAra kiyaa| ve gupta rUpa se zAsana kI sevA ke kArya meM nirata ho gaye aura aneka rAjAnoM ko pratibodha dete hue sAtaveM varSa ke pazcAt ujjaina phuNce| kahA jAtA hai ki avadhUta veSa meM ve mahAkAlezvara ke mandira meM jA, zivaliMga kI ora paira phailAkara leTa gye| prabhAcandra aura rAjazekhara ne zivaliMga kI aora para karake leTane kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| prAtaHkAla jaba pujAriyoM ne unheM zivaliMga kI pora para kiye dekhA to unhoMne siddhasena ko vahAM se haTa jAne ke lie bahuta kucha kahA-sunA para unake sabhI prayatna niSphala rahe / anta meM unhoMne rAjA ke pAsa pukAra kii| rAjA ne kruddha ho apane sevakoM ko Adeza diyA ki ve tatkAla usa yogI ko kor3e mAra kara vahAM se bhagA deN| rAjapuruSoM ne mahAkAlezvara ke mandira meM pahu~ca kara usa yogI ko bahuta kucha samajhAyA, DarAyA, dhamakAyA aura isa para bhI usake na haTane para use kor3oM se mAranA prArambha kiyaa| saba loga yaha dekhakara vismita ho gaye ki yogI ke zarIra para eka bhI kor3A nahIM lgaa| yaha dekha rAjapuruSa avAka raha gye| unhoMne rAjA ko sUcit kiyaa| isa adbhuta ghaTanA se Azcaryacakita ho rAjA vikramAditya svayaM tatkAla mahAkAla ke mandira meM gaye aura yogI se kahane lage-"mahAtmana ! zrApako isa prakAra zivaliMga kI ora paira karake sonA zobhA nahIM detaa| Apako to vizvavandya ziva ko praNAma karanA caahiye|" __yogI ne kahA- "rAjan ! ApakA yaha deva-zivaliMga merA namaskAra sahana nahIM kara skegaa|" rAjA dvArA bAra-bAra Agraha kiye jAne para siddhasena ne mahAdeva ' (ka) tato vimRzyAbhidadhe'sau - saMgho'vadhArayatu, prahamAzritamono dvAdazavArSikaM pArAJcikaM nAma prAyazcittaM guptamukhavastrikA-rajoharaNAdiliGgaH prakaTitAvadhUtarUpazcariSyAmyupayuktaH / [prabandhakoza, pR0 18] (kha) prabhAvaka caritra pu058 2.yaha ghaTanA prArya khapuTa ke jIvana paricaya meM dI gaI ghaTanA se mela khAtI hai| - sampAdaka

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526 A0 vRddhavAdI aura siddhamena] dazapUvaMdhara-kAla prAyaM samudra ke macce svarUpa kI stuti prArambha kI / katipaya kathA granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai| ki siddhasena stuti ke kucha hI zlokoM kA uccAraNa kara pAye the ki adbhuta teja ke sAtha vahAM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI pratimA prakaTa ho gaI / rAjA vikramAditya pracintya Atmazakti ke aneka camatkAroM ko dekha kara siddhasena ke parama bhakta bana gaye / isa prakAra siddhasena ne 7 varSoM meM 18 rAjAoM ko pratibodha dekara jaina bnaayaa| kahA jAtA hai ki prAyazcittakAla ke 5 varSa avaziSTa raha jAne para bhI zrIsaMgha ne siddhasena ke mahAprabhAvaka kAryoM se prasanna ho kara unake prAyazcita ke zeSa kAla ko kSamA kara diyaa| mahArAja vikramAditya aura unake dharmakRtyoM para prAcArya siddhasena kA gaharA prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai / siddhasena ke prabhAva se hI mahArAja vikramAditya ne jainadharmAnuyAyI bana kara aneka paropakAra ke kArya kiye the| jaina sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM meM Aja bhI vikramAditya ke guNa- gaurava kA vizada varNana upalabdha hotA hai / prAcArya siddhasena udbhaTa vidvAn, mahAprabhAvaka madhura vaktA, kuzala saMghasaMcAlaka evaM ucca koTi ke sAhityakAra the| unakI caturmukhI pratibhA ko pramANita karane vAlA unakA vizAla sAhitya prAja bhI paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha hai / Apa nyAyAvatAra, sanmatitarka, battIsa dvAtrizikAeM, nayAvatAra, kalyANamandira stotra, aura prAcArAMga para gandhahastI ke vivaraNa kI TIkA Adi pramukha granthoM ke racanAkAra mAne gaye haiM / siddhasena divAkara kA kAla vikrama kI pahalI zatA mAnA jAtA hai / kucha vidvAnoM ne ApakA kAla vikrama kI cauthI pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnA hai / prabhAvaka caritra, prabandhakoza Adi ke ullekhoM se zrApakA kAla vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI hI pramANita hotA hai / Apake pitA kA nAma devarSi zraura mAtA kA nAma devazrI thA / Apa jAti se kAtyAyana brAhmaNa the| kahA jAtA hai ki dIkSita hone se pahale ve pANDitya ke abhimAna meM peTa para lohe kA paTTA, eka hAtha meM kudAlI aura dUsare hAtha meM nisainI rakha kara calA karate the / ghaTanAcakra ke citraNa para niSpakSarUpa se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki graMthakAroM dvArA aneka sthaloM para sAhityika alaMkAra ke rUpa meM atiraMjana ke sAtha bhI katipaya ghaTanAtroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cArya puTa dvitIya kAlakAcArya ke pazcAt prabhAvaka zrAcAryoM meM zrArya khapuTa vizeSa prabhAvazAlI mAne gaye haiN| inake janma, janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA Adi ke sambandha meM paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake jIvana kI katipaya prabhAvotpAdaka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / Arya khapuTa kA yuga sambhavataH viziSTa vidyAoM kA yuga rahA hai /

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530 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya khapuTa Avazyaka cUNi, nizIthacUNi Adi meM inheM vidyAsiddha evaM vidyAcakravartI jaise vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai|' isase yaha spaSTarUpeNa pramANita hotA hai ki ve atizaya vidyAoM ke viziSTa jJAtA the| inake jIvana se sambandhita kucha viziSTa ghaTanAoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai : .. eka bAra Arya khapuTa bhRgukacchapura pdhaare| vahAM unakA bhaginIputra bhuvana Apake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara Apake ziSyarUpa se zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gyaa| buddhizAlI samajha kara Arya khapuTa ne bhuvana muni ko katipaya vidyAeM sikhaaiiN| saMyogavaza bhRgupura meM bauddha bhikSuoM ne rAjA balamitra ke sammAna se gavita hokara jaina zramaNoM ke upAzraya meM ghAsa kI pUliyAM girAkara unheM pazutulya batAte hue dveSa prakaTa karanA prArambha kiyaa| isase bhuvana muni bar3A kruddha huA aura zrAvaka samudAya ko lekara rAjA balamitra kI sabhA meM phuNcaa| vahAM usane ucca svara meM kahA- "he rAjan ! tumhAre guru gehenardI bana kara jaina zramaNoM kI nindA karate haiN| hama unake sAtha zAstrArtha karane ke lie A gaye haiN| tuma unako eka bAra bulA kara mere sAtha zAstrArtha karavA do| jisase loga bhI vAstavikatA ko jAna skeN|" muni ke AhvAna para rAjA ne bauddhabhikSaNoM ko bulAyA aura mani bhuvana ke sAtha zAstrArtha krvaayaa| bauddha bhikSu bhuvana kI akATaya yuktiyoM ke samakSa carcA meM parAsta ho gaye / bhUvana muni kI vijaya se jaina-saMgha meM harSa kI lahara phaila gaI para bauddha saMgha ko isa apamAna se gaharA duHkha huaa| unhoMne guDazastrapura se bauddhAcArya vuDDhakara ko bulAyA aura bhuvana muni ko usake sAtha zAstrArtha ke lie kahA gyaa| bhuvana muni ne vidyAbala evaM tarka-bala se use bhI parAjita kara diyaa| isa apamAna se duHkhita hokara vRddhakara kucha hI dinoM pazcAt kAla kara guhazastrapura meM yakSa ke rUpa se utpanna humA / pUrva-janma ke vaira ke kAraNa vaha jaina saMgha aura zramaNoM ko DarAne evaM vividha yAtanAeM pahuMcA kara satAne lgaa| saMgha ne prArya khapuTa ko vahAM kI paristhiti se paricita kara guDazastrapura padhArane kI prArthanA kii| prArya khapuTa gaccha ke anya sAdhuoM ke sAtha bhuvana muni ko vahIM bhRgupura meM rakha kara svayaM guDazastrapura padhAre / jAte samaya prArya khapuTa ne eka kapardi (jantrIpaTTa) bhuvana muni ko dekara use sAvadhAnI se rakhane evaM kabhI na kholane kA prAdeza diyaa| guDazastrapura pahuMca kara prArya khapuTa ne yakSa ko apane prabhAva se apanA bhakta banA liyA aura rAjA sahita samasta nAgarikajanoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| (ka) vijvANacakkavaTTI vigjAsido sa jassa vegA'vi / sijmejja mahAvigmA, vijjAsidojakhaurogya / / [bhAvazyaka malaya, pR. 541] (ba) bo bigmAbaleNa jutto jahA prajya buge| [nizISaNi, bhA03, pR. 58]]

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mArya khapuTa] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya samudra 531 Arya khapUTa gaDazastrapura meM hI virAjita the ki unake pAsa bhRgapura se do sAdhu Aye aura unhoMne nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! Apake idhara cale Ane para bhuvana muni ne ApakI samhalAI huI gopanIya kapardI ko khola kara usameM se eka patra prApta kiyA, jisameM use pATha mAtra se siddha hone vAlI prASiNI vidyA prApta ho gaI hai| vaha usa vidyA ke prabhAva se pratidina uttamottama bhojana maMgavA kara khAne lgaa| isa para sthaviroM ne jaba use aisA karane se manA kiyA to vaha kruddha hokara saugatoM ke vihAra meM calA gayA hai| vidyA ke prabhAva se pAtra AkAzamArga se jAte aura bhojya padArthoM se bhare lauTate haiN| isa prakAra ke prabhAva ko dekha kara zrAvaka bhI bhuvana muni kI ora AkarSita hone lage haiN| aisI sthiti meM Apako vahAM padhAra kara saMgha ko prAzvasta karanA cAhiye / " muni yugala kI bAta suna kara Arya saMpuTa kucha vicAramagna hue aura guDa. zastrapura se bhRgakacchapura kI mora cala pdd'e| bhRgukacchapura pahuMca kara Arya khapuTa kahIM gupta rUpa se Thahare aura bhUvana muni dvArA prAkarSiNI vidyA se maMgavAye gae annapUrNa pAtroM ko AkAzamArga meM hI zilA dvArA phor3a kara girAne lge| pAtroM se miSTAnna Adi bhojana logoM ke sira para girane lgaa| apane zrama ko viphala hotA dekhakara bhuvana muni ko yaha samajhane meM derI nahIM lagI ki Arya khapuTa vahAM padhAra cuke haiN| bhayabhIta hokara vaha bhRgupura se bhAga niklaa| Arya khapuTa munimaNDala sahita bauddha-vihAra meM pahuMce aura apanI vidyA ke prabhAva se sabako prabhAvita kara unhoMne anya kSetra kI ora vihAra kiyaa| [mAvazyaka cUriNa ke pASAra para] viziSTa vidyAnoM ke mAdhyama se camatkAra-pradarzana ke usa yuga meM prArya khapuTa ne jina zAsana kI sevAeM kii| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke ullekhAnusAra pArya khapuTAcArya kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 453.aura prabhAvaka caritra meM vIra ni0 saM0 484 batAyA gayA hai| ina donoM ullekhoM ko eka-dUsare kA pUraka, arthAta vIra ni0 saM0 453 meM unake prAcArya kAla kA prArambha aura vIra ni0 saM0484 meM avasAna mAna liyA jAya to uparokta donoM granthakAroM ke ullekha saMgata aura Arya khapuTa ke prAcArya kAla ke nirNAyaka bana sakate haiN| prArya revatImitra (yugapradhAnAcArya) prArya skandilAcArya ke pazcAt Arya revatImitra yugapradhAnAcArya hue| mApake kula, janma, janmasthAna prAdi kA paricaya prApta nahIM hotA / yugapradhAna yaMtra ' (ka) zrIvIrAt tripaMcAzadadhikacatuHzatavarSAtikrame 453 bhRgukacche mArya khapaTAcArya iti paTTAvalyAm / prabhAvakacaritre tu caturazItyadhikacatuHzata 484 varSe mArya khapTAcAryaH / [tapAgaccha paTTAvalI] (kha) zrIvIra muktitaH zatacatuSTaye caturazItisaMyukta / varSANAM samajAyata, zrImAnAcAryakhapuTaguruH / / 76 [prabhAvaka caritra, (vijayasiMhamUricarite) pR: 43]

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532 - jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya re0 (yugapra0) evaM merutuMgAcArya viracita vicArazreNI meM yugapradhAnAcAryoM ke gRhasthaparyAya, sAmAnya yatiparyAya,yugapradhAnaparyAya aura pUrNa AyukA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAlI gAthAoM ke anusAra revatImitra 14 varSa kI Ayu meM dIkSita hue / 48 varSa taka jJAna, darzana, cAritra kI samyakarUpeNa upAsanA karate hue unhoMne sAmAnya sAdhurUpa se zramaNadharma kI paripAlanA kii| vIra ni0 saM0 414 meM prArya skaMdila (SAMDilya ke svargagamena ke pazcAt Apa yugapradhAna pada para AsIna he| tadanantara Apane 36 varSa, 5 mAsa aura 5 dina taka yugapradhAna pada para rahate hue jina-zAsana kI ullekhanIya sevAeM kii| vIra ni0 saM0 450 meM 18 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara Apane svargArohaNa kiyaa| gaNAcArya - aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArya samudra ke samaya meM prArya suhastI kI paramparA ke gaNAcArya Arya dina hI rhe| prArya samudra ke samaya ke rAjavaMza prArya samudra ke vAcanAcArya kAla meM pATaliputra meM zaMgoM, ujjayinI meM nabhovAhana tathA nabhovAhana ke pazcAt gardabhilla tathA pratiSThAnapura meM sAtavAhana rAjavaMsa ke saMsthApaka zizuka kA rAjya rhaa| isa samaya meM adhikAMzataH yajJa yAgAdi karmakANDa evaM vaidika saMskRti kA bhArata meM vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huaa| 16. prArya maMgU-vAcanAcArya prAcArya samudra, jinakA paricaya Upara diyA jA cukA hai, ve rasoM meM itane anAsakta the ki sarasa-nIrasa jo bhI AhAra bhikSA meM prApta hotA, usako binA svAda kI apekSA kiye eka sAtha milA kara prazAnta bhAva se sevana kara liyA karate the| unheM sadA yaha vicAra rahatA thA ki rasoM meM Asakti ke kAraNa kahIM prAtmA karmapAza meM prAbaddha ho bhArI na bana jAya / ' inake isa prakAra svAda-vijaya aura lAbha ke prati anAsakti ke kAraNa prAcArya devaddhi ne 'akkhubbhiya samuddagaMbhIra' isa pada se pAekI stuti kI hai| pArya maMgU inhIM prArya samudra ke ziSya the| prAcArya samudra ke svargagamana ke pazcAt unake ziSya pArya maMgU vIra ni0 saM0 454 meM vAcanAcArya pada para AsIna hue| Apa bar3e jJAnI, dhyAnI aura samyagdarzana ke prabala pracAraka the| prAcArya devavAcaka ne nandI kI sthavirAvalI meM mApake lie bharaNagaM karagaM jharagaM' ina tIna vizeSaNoM kA eka sAtha prayoga karate hue abhivyakta kiyA hai ki Apa bhaktipUrvaka sevA karane vAle ziSyoM ko kuzalatA ke sAtha sUtrArtha pradAna karate aura saddharma kI dezanA dvArA sahasroM bhavya janoM ko pratibodha dekara jinazAsana kI mahatvapUrNa sevA karate the| nizItha bhASya aura cUriNa ke anusAra Arya maMgU bahuzruta aura bahuziSya parivAra vAle hone para bhI udyatavihArI the| eka samaya vihArakrama se vicaraNa 'paripakse mAtra samuddA, te rasagiDIe bhItA ekkato sambaM meleuM muMjati / [nizItha pUNi]

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dazapUrvadhara-kAla : Arya maMgU 533 karate hue prAcArya maMgU mathurA padhAre aura apane mRdu, manohara eva vairAgyapUrNa vacanoM se mathurA ke nAgarikoM ko upadeza se pratibuddha karane lge| prAcArya ke jJAna, vairAgyapUrNa pravacana ke prabhAva se prabhAvita ho mathurA ke zraddhAlu bhaktoM ne vastrAdi se unakI bar3I bhakti kii| dUdha, dahI, ghRta, gur3a Adi svAdiSTa padArthoM se ve unheM pratidina pratilAbhita karate / prAcArya kA moha bhAva jAgRta huA aura unhoMne sAtA- sukha meM pratibaddha hokara vahIM sthiravAsa kara diyaa| sAtha ke zeSa muni vahAM se vihAra kara gye| nimittoM kA bhI bar3A prabhAva hotA hai| upAdAna arthAt AtmasAmarthya meM kizcitmAtra durbalatA pAte hI nimitta ko apanA prabhAva jamAne meM derI nahIM lgtii| sthiravAsa meM rahane ke kAraNa prAcArya ke tapa, saMyama, sAdhanA meM zithilatA mA gaI / unakA cAritrArAdhana manda ho gayA aura Rddhi, rasa, sAtA-gaurava kA prAbalya bar3ha gyaa| bhaktajanoM dvArA diye gae susvAdu AhAra aura premapUrNa sevA se ve upavihAra ko chor3a kara vahIM para pramAdabhAva meM rahane lage / antima samaya meM apane sadoSa AcaraNa kI binA AlocanA kiye aura binA pramAda tyAge prAyu pUrNa kara ve cAritra dharma kI virAdhanA ke kAraNa yakSa yoni meM utpanna hue|' jJAna ke dvArA jaba apane pUrva bhava kA paricaya prApta kiyA to ve pazcAttApa karane lage- "aho ! maiMne durbaddhi ke kAraNa pUrNa puNya se pAne yogya mahAnidhAna kI taraha durgatihArI jinamata pAkara bhI apanA jIvana viphala kara diyaa| ThIka hI kahA hai - "caturdaza pUrva ke jJAtA bhI pramAda ke kAraNa anantakAya meM jAkara utpanna hote haiN|"2 isa prakAra paramanirveda bhAva se ve apane pUrvakRta pramAda kI nindA karate rhe| ekadA unhoMne sthaMDila bhUmi kI ora jAte hue apane pUrvabhava ke ziSyoM ko dekhA to unheM pratibodha dene hetu ve apanA vicitra svarUpa banA kara muha se lambI jihA nikAla mArga meM khar3e ho gye| yakSa ko dekha kara eka sAtvika bhAvanA ' (ka) mayurA maMgU mAgama, bahusuya veragga sar3hapUyA ya / sAtAdi-loma-riNatie, maraNe jIhAi NimaNe / / 3200 / / sovi praNAloiya parikkato virAhiya sAmaNNo vaMtaro piTamaNa jakkho jaato| [nizIpa cUriNa, bhA0. 3, pR0 152-153] (sa) kAlaM kAUNa bhavaNavAsI ubavaNNo, sAhU pariyohaNaTThA bhaagmo| ___ vahI, bhA0 2. pR0 125] (ga) so gADhapamAyapisAya - gahiyahiyayo, vimukka tavacaraNe / gAravatiga-parivato, saDDhesu mamatta saMjutto // 3 daDasiTimayasAmanno, nissAmanna pmaaymcitaa| kAleNa mariya jAmo, jaso tatyeva nidamaNe // 4 // [darzanazuddhi saTIka caradasapumbadharAvi, pamAyamo jaMvinaMtakAyesu / epi ha hA hA pAvaM, jIvanatae tayA sariyaM // 10 // [pArya maMgU kathA]

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534 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [16. AyaM maMgU vAle ziSya ne kahA - "devAnupriya ! tuma deva, yakSa athavA jo bhI ho prakaTa hokara bolo| isa prakAra to hama loga tumhArA abhiprAya kiMcitmAtra bhI nahIM samajha pA yakSa ne khedapUrNa svara meM kahA - "he tapasviyo! maiM vahI tumhArA guru prArya maMgU huuN|". sAdhuoM ne bhI khinna mana se kahA - "deva ! Apane isa prakAra kI durgati kisa prakAra prApta kI ?" yakSa ne kahA - "pramAda ke adhIna hokara cAritra meM zithilatA lAne vAloM kI aisI hI gati hotI hai| hamAre jaise Rddhi-rasa-sAtA ke gaurava vAle zithilavihAriyoM kI aisI gati ho, isameM Azcarya hI kyA hai ? tuma loga yadi durgati se bacanA aura sugati kI ora bar3hanA cAhate ho to pramAdarahita hokara udyata-vihAra se vicarate hue nirmamatva bhAva se tapa-saMyama kI ArAdhanA karate rhnaa|" sAdhunoM ne kahA - "yo devAnupriya ! tumane hameM ThIka pratibuddha kiyA hai|" yaha kaha kara unhoMne tatparatA ke sAtha saMyama-dharma kA prArAdhana prArambha kiyA aura udyata-vihAra se vicarane lge| naMdIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya devavAcaka ne, bhaNagaM isa pada se kAlika Adi sUtroM ko par3hane vAle. karagaM se sUtrokta kriyAkalApa ko karane vAle aura jharagaM pada se dharmadhyAnaM dhyAne vAle prAdi vizeSaNoM se prArya maMgU kI stuti karate hue unheM zrutasAgara kA pAragAmI prAcArya batAyA hai| unake dvArA kahe gaye - "pabhAvagaM nAraNadasaMNaguNANaM" - isa pada se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Arya maMgU jJAna darzana ke prabala prabhAvaka the| Age cala kara prAcArya devavAcaka ne yahAM taka likha diyA hai - "zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI evaM dhIra Arya maMgU ko vaMdana ho|"2 . digambara paramparA ke mAnya zAstra "kasAya-pAhuDa" kI TIkA jayaghavalA ke anusAra prArya maMkSa aura prArya nAgahastI kasAyapAhuDa ke cUNikAra prAcArya yativRSabha ke vidyAgurU mAne gaye haiN| jaisA ki jayadhavalAkAra ne likhA hai- prAcArya maMkSa aura prAcArya nAgahastI dvArA prAcArya yativRSabha ko divyadhvanirUpa kiraNa prApta huii|' ' dRSTvA prAsArayaddIrghA, jihvAM bodhayitu sudhIH / teSvekaH sAtvika: sAghuruce tvaM ko'si guhyakaH / / 5 / / [prAcArakalpa] 2 bhaNagaM karagaM jharagaM, pabhAvagaM NANadasaNaguNANaM / vaMdAmi ajjamaguM, suyasAgarapAragaM dhIraM // 30 // [naMdIsUtra sthavirAvalI] 3 .."viulagirimatthayatya vaDDhamANadivAyarAdo viriNaggamiya godama - lohajja - jaMbusAmiyAdi pAiriyaparamparAe prAgaMtUNa guNaharAiriyaM pAviya gAhAsarUveNa pariNamiya prajamakhu - NAgahatthIhito jaivasahAyariyamuvaNamiya cuNNisuttAyAreNa pariNadadigvajjhariNa-kiraNAdo gvvde| - [kasAyapAhuDa (yadivRSabhAcAryakRta cUNi evaM jayadhavalATIkA sahita) aNubhAgavibhakto bhAga 5, pR0 388]

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16. mArya gaMgU] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya maMgU 535 yaha pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki nandI sthavirAvalI kI 31 vIM tathA 32 vIM gAthAoM meM vAcaka paramparA ke Arya maMgU ke pazcAt Arya dharma, Arya bhadragupta, prArya vajra aura prArya rakSita - ina cAra yugapradhAna prAcAryoM ko vAcanAcArya bhI batAyA gayA hai| riNakAra jinadAsagariNa mahattara, vRttikAra prAcArya haribhadra aura TIkAkAra malayagiri ne ina donoM gAthAoM kA naMdIsUtra kI cUriNa, vRtti aura TIkA meM nirdeza taka nahIM kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki unhoMne ina gAthAmoM ko prakSipta mAnA hai / ina cAra yugapradhAna prAcAryoM meM se Arya vajra spaSTa rUpa se prArya sahastI kI paramparA ke prAcArya haiN| zeSa tIna AcArya Arya mahAgiri kI paramparA ke prAcArya hai athavA suhastI kI paramparA ke- isa sambandha meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM miltaa| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki ye tInoM yugapradhAnAcArya kisI anya hI svatantra paramparA ke athavA prArya mahAgiri kI paramparA kI kisI zAkhA ke prAcArya hoM aura inakI apratima pratibhA ke kAraNa inheM vAcanAcArya mAnA ho| aneka prAcIna granthoM ke ullekhoM tathA yugapradhAnAcArya paTTAvalI se yaha nirvivAda rUpeNa pramANita hotA hai ki ye cAroM hI prAcArya apane samaya ke mahAn prabhAvaka yugapuruSa aura pAgamoM ke pAradRzvA the| inakI viziSTa pratibhA ke kAraNa hI inheM yugapradhAna prAcArya ke sAtha-sAtha vAcanAcArya bhI mAnA gayA hai|. ___ isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Arya maMgU, Arya nandila aura Arya nAgahastI ye tInoM hI vAcanAcArya sudIrghajIvI hue haiM aura unake vAcanAcArya kAla meM hI uparokta cAroM yugapradhAnAcArya vAcaka vaMza ke na hote hue bhI apanI viziSTa pratibhA evaM talasparzI Agama-jJAna ke kAraNa vAcanAcArya mAne gaye haiN| ina sabhI tathyoM aura mukhya paramparA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue ina cAroM prAcAryoM kA paricaya vAcanAcArya paramparA meM na dekara yugapradhAnAcArya paramparA meM diyA jA rahA hai| mArya dharma - yugapradhAnAcArya mArya revatImitra ke pazcAt vIra nirvANa saM0 450 meM prArya dharma yugapradhAnAcArya hue / prApa 18 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSita hue| 40 varSa taka zramaNa dharma kI sAdhanA kara mApa yugapradhAna pada para AsIna hue| 44 varSa taka yugapradhAna pada para rahate hue mApane vIrazAsana kI prabhAvazAlI sevA kii| 102 varSa, 5 mAsa, 5 dina kI pUrNa mAyu bhoga kara Apa vIra ni0saM0 464 meM svargastha hue / merutuMgIyA 'vicArazreNI' ke ullekhAnusAra vRddha paramparA meM Arya maMgU kA hI apara nAma dharma mAnA gayA hai| yadi isameM tathya hotA to naMdI sthavirAvalI aura jayadhavalA meM bhI avazya isa prakAra kA ullekha hotaa|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga mArya siMhagiri- gaNAcArya Arya suhastI kI paramparA meM Arya dinna ke pazcAt Arya siMhagiri gaNAcArya hue| Apake sambandha meM kevala itanA hI paricaya upalabdha hotA hai ki Apa viziSTa pratibhAzAlI evaM jAtismaraNa jJAna sampanna prabhAvazAlI prAcArya the| khuzAla paTTAvalI ke anusAra vIra ni. saM0 547-48 meM apanA svargavAsa huaa| vIra ni. saM. 466 meM Arya vajra kA janma humA, usase bahuta pahale Arya samita siMhagiri ke pAsa dIkSita ho cuke the isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki Arya siMhagiri vIra ni. saM. 460 meM AcArya rahe hoN| Apake suvizAla ziSyaparivAra meM se kevala Arya samita, Arya dhanagiri, Arya vajra aura prArya arhaddatta ina cAra pramukha ziSyoM ke hI nAma upalabdha hote haiM / unakA paricaya isa prakAra hai : mArya samita Arya samita kA janma atisamRddha avantI pradeza ke tumbavana nAmaka grAma meM huA / Apake pitA kA nAma dhanapAla thA jo ki bahuta bar3e vyApArI the| gautama gotrIya vaizya zreSThI dhanapAla kI usa samaya ke pramukha koTyadhIzoM meM gaNanA kI jAtI thii| Arya samita ke atirikta zreSThI dhanapAla ke eka putrI bhI thI, jisakA nAma sunandA thaa| zreSThI dhanapAla ne apane honahAra putra samita kI zikSAyogya vaya meM zikSAdIkSA kI samucita vyavasthA kii| prArya samita bAlyakAla se hI virakta kI taraha rahate the| aihika sukhopabhogoM ke prati unake citta meM kiJcitmAtra bhI abhiruci nahIM thii| kizorAvasthA meM praveza karate hI unhoMne atula dhana-vaibhava aura sabhI prakAra kI pracura bhogasAmagrI kA parityAga kara prAcArya siMhagiri ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| usI tumbavana grAma ke nivAsI zreSThI dhana ke putra-dhanagiri ko samitaM ke sAtha pragAr3ha maitrI thii| zreSThI dhanapAla ne apane putra samita ke pravajita ho jAne para usake mitra dhanagiri ke samakSa apanI putrI sunandA ke sAtha vivAha karane kA prastAva rkhaa| yadyapi dhanagiri aihika bhogoM ke prati udAsIna thA, tathApi apane mitra ke pitA dvArA ananya Agraha kiye jAne para usane antatogatvA sunandA ke sAtha vivAha kiyaa| Arya samita kI bahina sunandA ne samaya para mahAn pratApI evaM prabhAvaka prAcArya vajra ko janma diyaa| prArya samita ne dIkSita hone ke pazcAt gurusevA meM rahate hue vidhipUrvaka zAstroM kA bar3I hI lagana ke sAtha adhyayana kiyaa| ve mantravidyA ke bhI vizeSajJa ye| una dinoM acalapura ke samIpa kRSNA aura veNA nAmaka do nadiyoM se ghire hue eka pAzrama meM 500 tApasa nivAsa karate the| unake kulapati kA nAma devazarma

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537 prArya samita] datapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya maMgU thaa.|' do nadiyoM se ghirA hA hone ke kAraNa vaha pAzrama brahmadvIpaka ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| saMkrAnti prAdi katipaya parva dinoM ke avasara para devazarma apane mata kI prabhAvanA karane ke uddezya se pairoM para eka viziSTa prakAra kA lepa lagAkara sabhI tApasoM ke sAtha kRSNA nadI ke jala para calatA humA pracalapura phuNctaa| isa prakAra kA camatkArapUrNa adbhuta dRzya dekha kara bhole-bhAle aura bhAvuka loga bar3e prabhAvita hote aura azanapAnAdi se una tApasoM kA bar3A Adara-satkAra krte| tApasoM ke bhaktagaNa bar3e garva ke sAtha zrAvakoM ke samakSa apane guru kI prazaMsA karate hae unase pUchate - "kyA tumhAre kisI guru meM isa prakAra kI adbhuta sAmarthya hai ?" zrAvakoM ko mauna dekhakara ve loga aura adhika utsAha aura garva bhare svara meM kahate - "hamAre guru kI tapasyA kA jaisA adbhuta evaM pratyakSa camatkAra hai, usa prakAra kA camatkAra aura atizaya na tumhAre dharma meM hai aura na tumhAre guruSoM meM hii| vastutaH hamAre guru pratyakSa deva haiM, inheM natamastaka ho zraddhApUrvaka namana kro|" tApasoM ke bhaktoM ke isa prakAra ke vyaMgabhare vacanoM se zrAvakoM ke antarmana ko gaharA AghAta phuNctaa| unhIM dinoM prArya siMhagiri ke ziSya evaM prArya vaja ke mAtula prArya samitasUri kA acalapura meM padArpaNa humaa| zrAvakagaNa ne mArya samita ko vandana-namana karane ke pazcAt bhUtala kI taraha hI nadI ke jala para bhI tApasoM ke calane-phirane kI sArI ghaTanA nivedita kI / prArya samita kucha kSaNoM taka mauna rahe / zrAvakoM ne punaH nivedana kiyA- "deva ! janamAnasa meM jinamata kA prabhAva kama hotA jA rahA hai / kRpA kara koI na koI aisA upAya kIjie jisase ki jaina dharma kA prabhAva bddh'e|" ___Arya samitasUri ne sasmita svara meM kahA - "tApasa jala para calate haiM, isameM tapasyA kA koI prabhAva nahIM, yaha to unake dvArA apane pairoM para kiye jAne vAle lepa kA prabhAva hai / bhole-bhAle logoM ko vRthA hI bhrama meM DAlA jA rahA hai|" ____ zrAvakoM ne tApasoM dvArA phailAye gaye mAyAjAla aura bhrama ko sarvasAdhAraNa para prakaTa karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa lie kulapati sahita sabhI tApasoM ko apane yahAM bhojanArtha nimantrita kiyaa| jaba dUsare dina sabhI tApasa bhojanArtha zrAdhakoM ke yahAM Aye to zrAvakoM ne uSNa jala se sabhI tApasoM ke pairoM ko dhonA prArambha kiyaa| kulapati ne zrAvakoM ko rokane kA pUrA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu zrAvakoM ne unakI eka bhI bAta nahIM sunii| "pApa jaise mahAtmAnoM ke caraNakamaloM ko binA dhoye hI yadi hama Apako bhojana karavA deM to hama saba ke saba mahAn pApa ke bhAgI ho jAeMge" - yaha kahate hue zrAvakoM ne bar3I tatparatApUrvaka una saba tApasoM ke pairoM ko khuba mala-mala kara dho ddaalaa| bhojanoparAnta tApasa apane prAzrama kI ora prasthita hue| zrAvakoM ne unheM sasammAna vidA karane ke bahAne hajAroM nara-nAriyoM ko vahAM pahale hI ekatrita kara liyA thaa| tApasoM ke pIche vizAla janasamUha jayaghoSa karatA huaA calane lgaa| ' devazarmanAmA kulapatiH parivasati / [piNDaniyukti, patra 14 (1)]

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* 538 / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya samita veNA ke taTa para pahuMcate hI kulapati ke sAtha-sAtha samasta tApasasamudAya jhijhkaa| unake samakSa prati vikaTa samasyA upasthita thii| eka aora nadI meM DUbane kA Dara thA to dUsarI ora bar3I kaThinAI se upArjita kIrti ke miTTI meM milane kA bhaya / lepa kA thor3A-bahuta prabhAva to avazya rahA hogA - yaha vicAra kara kulapati veNA ke jala meM utraa| veNA kA pravAha teja thA aura kulapati ke pairoM kA lepa garama pAnI se pahale hI dhula cukA thaa| ataH tApasoM kA kulapati veNA ke agAdha eva tIvra pravAhapUrNa jala meM DUbane lgaa| usI kSaNa prArya samitasUri veNA-taTa para pahuMce aura tApasoM ke kulapati ko veNA meM DUbatA huA dekhakara bole - "veNNe! hameM usa ora jAne ke lie mArga caahiye|" yaha dekha kara vizAla janasamUha stabdha raha gayA ki tatkSaNa nadI kA jala sikur3a gayA aura usa nadI ke donoM pATa pAsa-pAsa dRSTigocara hone lge| Arya samita eka Daga meM hI veNA ke dUsare taTa para pahuMca gye| Arya samitasUri kI anupama prAtmazakti se sabhI tApasa aura upasthita nara-nArI bar3e prabhAvita hue| prArya samita ne una sabako dharma kA saccA svarUpa samajhAte hue sva-para kA kalyANa karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| Arya samita ke antastalasparzI upadeza ko sunakara tApasa kulapati apane 466 ziSyoM sahita nirgrantha-zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita ho gye| ve 500 zramaNa pahale brahmadvIpa Azrama meM rahate the ataH zramaNa dharma meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt unakI zAkhA "brahmadvIpikA zAkhA" ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha ho gii|' - Arya samita apane samaya ke mahAn prabhAvaka prAcArya the| unhoMne AtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha aneka bhavyoM ko sAdhanA-patha para ArUr3ha kara jinazAsana kI anupama sevAeM kii| prArya dhanagiri . prArya siMhagiri ke dUsare pramukha ziSya Arya dhanagiri ne yuvAsthA meM bipula vaibhava aura apanI patiparAyaNA gurviraNI patnI ke moha ko chor3a kara jo utkaTa tyAga-vairAgya kA anupama udAharaNa rakhA usa prakAra kA anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| ApakA paricaya Arya vajra ke paricaya ke sAtha diyA jA rahA hai / mArya mahatta pApakA koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| mAyaM maMgU ke samaya ke pramukha rAjavaMza mArya maMgU ke vAcanAcAryakAla meM, vIra ni0 saM0 470 meM tadanusAra IsA se 57 varSa pUrva tathA zaka saMvat se 135 varSa pUrva avantI ke rAjya-siMhAsana para 'terapaMcatAvasasayA samiyAriyassa samIve pavvatitA / tato ya baMbhadIvA sAhA sNbhuttaa| [nizIthacUriNa, bhA0 3, gA0 4272, pR0 426]

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mAyaM maMgU ke sa0 ke pra0 rA0] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : mAyaM maMgU mahAn pratApI evaM paramaprajAvatsala vikramAditya nAmaka gaNa-rAjA AsIna huaa| vikramAditya jisa dina ujjayinI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna huA, usI dina se avantI rAjya meM ora usake 17 athavA 13 varSa pazcAt sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM usake nAma se eka saMvat pracalita huaA jo kramazaH kRta saMvat, mAlava saMvat, mAlaveza saMvat aura vikrama samvat ke nAma se vyavahRta huA / Aja bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM vikrama saMvat pracalita hai aura pratidina usa aitihAsika divasa kA jana-jana ko smaraNa karAtA rahatA hai, jisa dina zakAri vikramAditya rAjya siMhAsana para baitthaa| do sahasra se bhI adhika varSoM se vikrama saMvat jaina kAlagaNanA ko sunizcita karane tathA bhAratIya aitihAsika tithikrama ko prAmANika rUpa se suniyojita-suvyavasthita banAye rakhane meM pramukha evaM sarvasammata AdhAra mAnA jAtA rahA hai| vIra vikramAditya ke zaurya, dAnazIlatA, paropakAraparAyaNatA, nyAyapriyatA evaM prajAvatsalatA Adi guNoM se aotaprota yazogAthAoM se bhAratIya vAGmaya bharA par3A hai| IsA kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdI ke vidvAn guNADhya kI paizAcI bhASA kI mahAn kRti "vRhatkathA" ke AdhAra para somadeva bhaTTa dvArA racita "kathAsaritsAgara" meM vikramAditya ko anAthoM kA nAtha, bandhuhInoM kA bAndhava, pitRhInoM kA pitA, nirAzritoM kA AzrayadAtA aura prajAjanoM kA prANa-trANa evaM sarvasva taka batAyA gayA hai|' vikrama sambandhI sAhitya ke samyaka paryAlocana ke pazcAt yadi yaha kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki maryAdApuruSottama zrIrAma aura mahAn karmayogI zrIkRSNa ke pazcAt bhAratIya sAhitya, sAhityakAroM aura janamAnasa para sabase adhika gaharA prabhAva vikramAditya kA rahA hai| vastutaH vikramAditya kA nAma bhAratIya janamAsana meM rama gayA hai| eka ajJAta prAcIna kavi ne to vikramAditya ke liye yahAM taka kaha diyA hai ki - vikramAditya nRpati ne una mahAna kAryoM ko kiyA, jinako ki kabhI koI nahIM kara sakA, itane bar3e-bar3e dAna diye, jo kabhI koI nahIM de sakA aura aise-aise asAdhya kAryoM ko sAdhya banAyA, jinako anya koI sAdhya nahIM banA skaa|2|| __ bhAratIya vibhinna bhASAoM meM vikramAditya ke sambandha meM bar3I hI pracura mAtrA meM sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA hai| usa samagra sAhitya kI yadi sUcI taiyAra kI jAya to saMbhavataH vaha eka bahuta bar3I sUcI hogii| vikramAditya ke jIvana se sambandhita anumAnataH 50 se Upara pustakeM to jaina sAhitya meM Aja dina taka upalabdha haiN| anumAnataH itanI hI vikrama sambandhI pustakeM jainetara vAGamaya meM honI caahiye| inake atirikta lokabhASAoM meM hajAroM janapriya lokakathAeM eka ' sa pitA pitRhInAnAmabaMdhUnAM sa bAndhavaH anAthAnAM ca nAthaH saH, prajAnAM kaH sa nAbhavat / / 18 / 1162 2. tatkRtaM yanna kenApi tahattaM yanna kenacit / ___ tatsAdhitamasAdhyaM yadi kramArkeNa bhUbhujA / / 1246 / / [sAGgadharapaddhati

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540 prAkhyAna pracalita haiM, jinameM vikrama kI nyAyapriyatA, paropakAritA prAdi aneka adbhuta guNoM kA bar3A hI rocaka varNana upalabdha hotA hai / kucha jaina granthoM ke aAdhAra para vikramAditya kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : mAlava pradeza kI avantI nagarI meM gardaibhilla nAmaka rAjA nyAyapUrvaka zAsana karatA thA / usakI pahalI rAnI dhImatI se bhartRhari zraura usake pazcAt dUsarI sanI zrImatI se vikrama kA janma huA / " azvinIkumAroM ke samAna sundara svarUpa vAle ve donoM kumAra kramazaH kizora vaya meM praviSTa hue / gardabhilla ne apane bar3e putra kA rAjA bhIma kI rAjakumArI anaMgasenA ke sAtha bar3I dhUmadhAma- pUrvaka pANigrahaNa saMskAra karavA diyA / tadanantara gardabhilla ne aneka dezoM ko vijita kara una para apanA zrAdhipatya sthApita kiyA / jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ bhArya maMgU ke sa. ke pra. rA. 1 kAlAntara meM zUla roga se rAjA gardabhilla kI mutyu ho gaI aura mantriyoM bhartRhari kA pravantI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA / eka dina apane agraja bhartRhari dvArA kisI taraha apamAnita kiye jAne ke kAraNa vikramAditya pramarSavazAt khaDga lekara ekAkI hI pravantI rAjya se nikala par3A / 3 isa prakAra bar3A bhAI bhartRhari pravantI rAjya para zAsana karane lagA aura usakA anuja vikramAditya deza-dezAntaroM meM paribhramaNa karane lagA / 2 1 tatra nyAyAdhvanA sarvA, janatA pAlayan sadA / gardabhillaH nRpo rAjyaM cakAra svarginAthavat // 18 // dhImatI zrImatItyAhve dve patnyau tasya sundare / / 21 / dadhAnA dhImatI garbhaM sundarasvapnasUcitam / zubhe'hni suSuve putraM pUrvevArkasphuradyutim / / 22 / / janmotsavaM nRpaH kRtvAkArya sajjanabAndhavAn / dadau bhartR haretyAkhyAM putrasya muditAzayaH / / 23 / / samprApta samaye hArivAsare'rkodayakSale / zrImatI suSuve putraM nidhAnamiva medinI // 26 // gardabhilla kSamApAlaH kRtvA janmotsavaM mudA / vikramArketi nAmAdAt, sUnorakaM vilokanAt // 30 // 2 pratyedyaH zUlarogeNa gardabhillamahIpatiH / mRtvA kasmAnmaruddhAma, jagAma dharmatatparaH ||36|| mRtyukRtyAdike kArye kRte mantrIzvarAdayaH / madutsavaM vyadhurbhatRhare rAjyAbhiSecanam / / 40 / / bhUpena vikramAdityo'pamAnaM gamitAnyadA / ekAkI khaGgamAdAya yayau dezAMtare kvacit // 42 [vikramacaritam, sagaM 1 ] [ vahI ] [ vahI]

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maMgU ke sa0 ke rAjavaMza] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya maMgU zubhazIlagaNI ne vikramAditya ke mAtA-pitA, bhAI Adi kA uparokta paricaya dene ke pazcAt "yAM cintayAmi satataM mayi sA viraktA" yaha lokavizruta zloka dete hue amaraphala vAlA vRttAnta diyA hai, jisameM eka brAhmaNa dvArA amaraphala prApta karane, use bhartRhari rAjA ko dene, rAjA dvArA apanI rAnI ko diye jAne, rAnI dvArA kubar3e azvavAhaka ko, prazvavAhaka dvArA gariekA ko aura gariekA dvArA punaH rAjA bhartahari ko usa phala ke diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isameM batAyA gayA hai ki vastusthiti se avagata hote hI bhartahari saMnyasta ho vana meM calA gayA aura usake pazcAt vikramAditya ujjayinI ke rAjya-siMhAsana para AsIna humA / anyAnya vidvAnoM dvArA racita vikramacaritroM meM katipaya aMzoM meM isase milatA-julatA vikrama kA prArambhika paricaya diyA hamA hai| inameM se kisI bhI graMtha meM vikramAditya ke vaMza ke sambandha meM prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai| himavanta sthavirAbalokAra aura vikramAditya prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA kI hastalikhita pustaka "himavantasthavirAvalI" meM vikramAditya ko mauryavaMzI batAyA gayA hai| himavanta sthavirAvalI kA etadviSayaka ullekha nimnalikhita rUpa meM hai :. 'avantI nagarI meM samprati ke niSputra nidhana ke anantara azoka ke pautra tathA tiSyagupta ke putra balamitra evaM bhAnumitra nAmaka rAjakumAra avantI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para prArUr3ha hue| ve donoM bhAI jainadharma ke paramopAsaka the| unake nidhana ke pazcAt. balamitra kA putra nabhovAhana pravantI ke rAjya kA svAmI bnaa| nabhovAhana bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra gardabhilla rAjA banA / gardabhilla ne kAlakAcArya dvitIya kI bahina sAdhvI sarasvatI kA balAt apaharaNa karavA kara use apane antaHpura meM banda kara diyA / saba prakAra se samajhAne-bujhAne para bhI gardabhilla ne tyAga-paSa kI pathikA sAdhvI sarasvatI ko mukta nahIM kiyaa| antatogatvA kAlakAcArya ne anya aura koI cArA na dekha bhagukaccha ke adhipati apane bhAgineya balamitra-bhAnumitra' evaM sindhapradeza ke zaka rAjAmoM kI sammilita senA dvArA ujjayinI para mAkramaNa karavA diyaa| bhISaNa yuddha meM gardabhilla mArA gayA aura zakoM ne ujjayinI para adhikAra kara liyaa| prArya kAlaka ne apano bahina sAdhvI sarasvatI ko punaH saMyama dharma meM sthApita kiyA aura ve svayaM bhI samucita prAyazcitta kara saMyamasAdhanA meM nirata hue| ye donoM bandu pAryakAlaka ke mAgineva gubandha rAjya ke adhipati balamitra mAnumitra se mitra haiN| inakA sattAkAla vIra vi.saM. 353 se 413 taka kA hai jabaki mahApa ke banamina-bAnumitra kA samaya bIra nivAraNa se 454 varSa pazcAt kA hai| [sampAdaka

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542 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [hi stha0 aura vika0 videzI zakoM ke atyAcAroM se saMtrasta prajA kA netRtva kara vikramAditya ne zakoM ko parAsta kiyA aura 4 varSa pazcAt hI punaH apane paitRka rAjya para adhikAra kara liyaa|'' prAcArya merutuga kI 'vicArazreNI' tathA aneka prAcIna graMthoM meM ullikhita rAjavaMzoM ke vivaraNoM ke saMdarbha meM vicAra karane para himavaMta sthavirAvalI meM variNata uparokta ghaTanAkrama saMgata aura vizvasanIya pratIta hotA hai| kahAvalI evaM pariziSTa parva meM vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt rAjavaMzoM kI kAlagaNanA meM pAlaka ke rAjya ke 60 varSoM ko sammilita na kiye jAne ke kAraNa jo kAlakrama ke pAlekhana meM truTi rahI hai, tathA usake pariNAmasvarUpa kAlagaNanAviSayaka eka navIna mAnyatA vigata aneka zatAbdiyoM se pracalita rahI hai, usakA prabhAva himavanta sthavirAvalI. kAra para bhI pUrI taraha se par3A hai| uparicita uddharaNa meM himavanta sthavirAvalIkAra ne jo aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA tithikrama diyA hai, una sabhI tithiyoM meM yaha 60 varSa kA antara spaSTataH parilakSita hotA haiN| jaina kAlagaNanA viSayaka usa dUsarI mAnyatA ke prabhAva meM himavantasthavirAvalIkAra ne 60 varSa pazcAt ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAoM kA tithikrama 60 varSa pahale kA de diyA hai| nandavaMza ke anta evaM maurya-zAsana ke prArambha hone ke kAla kI carcA karate samaya isa kAlabheda ke sambandha meM pahale pramANa-purassara pUrA prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| ataH yahAM usakI punarAvRtti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| somadeva racita kathAsaritsAgara meM vikramAditya ke pitA kA nAma mahendrAditya aura mAtA kA nAma saumyadarzanA diyA gayA hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki mahendrAditya ne putra kI kAmanA se ziva kI upAsanA kii| zaMkara ke kRpAprAsada se zaMkara kA mAlyavAna nAmaka gaNa saumyadarzanA ke garbha se utpanna huA aura maheMdrAditya ne usakA nAma vikramAditya rkhaa| siMhAsana battIsI Adi aneka graMthoM meM bhartahari aura vikramAditya ke janma ke sambandha meM bar3A hI adbhut ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| usase sabhI paricita haiM prataH use yahAM dene kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| pahAvaMtI eyarammi saMpai Nivassa Niputtassa saggagamaNaMtaramasogaNivaputtatissaguttassa balamittabhANumittaNAmadhijje duve putte vIrAno do saya cauNavaI vAsesu viikkatesu rajaM patte / te NaM dunni vi bhAyA jiNadhammArAhage vIrAno cauvanAhiyatisayavAsesu viikkatesu saggaM pata / tayaNaMtaraM balamittassa putto raNabhovAhaNo avaMtI rajje Thibho / se yi ya raNaM jiraNadhammAraNugo vIrAno tisayacauNavai vAsesu viikkatesu saggaM patto / to tassa putto gaddahovijjovepro gahillo Nivo bhavaMtINayare rajja ptto|| ............" tattha NaM bhIsaNe jujjhe jAyamANe gaddahillo Nivo kAlaM kiccA NeraiyAtihimo jAyo / ...... tau gaddahillariNavaputo vikkamaNAmadhijjo taM sAmaMtaNAmadhijja sagarAyamAkamma vIrAno dasAhiyaca usayavAsesu viikkatesu avaMtI ragayare ra patto / se vi ya raNaM vikkamakko riNavo maIva parakkamajumo jiNadhammArAhago paropayAregaNiTTho bhavaMtIe gayare rajja kuNamAraNo loggAraNamaIva piyo jaano| [hipavantasthavirAvalI, maprakAzita]

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hi0 stha0 aura vikramAditya ] dazapUrvaghara - kAla : zrArya maMgU 543 jahAM eka ora vikramAditya kA saMvat Aja se 2030 varSa pahale se calA grA rahA hai, saMskRta, prAkRta evaM vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM vikrama kA jIvanaparicaya dene vAle 100 se Upara graMtha, hajAroM AkhyAna aura lokakathAeM bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM tathA vikrama ke astitva ko pramANita karane vAle saikar3oM zilAlekha, dAnapatra Adi vidyamAna haiM, vahAM dUsarI ora yaha dekhakara bar3A Azcarya aura duHkha hotA hai ki bhAratIya janajIvana meM zatAbdiyoM se pUrNataH rame hue, bhAratIyoM ke hRdayasamrAT mahAn pratApI rAjA vikramAditya ke astitva ke viSaya ' meM bhI katipaya pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAn sandeha prakaTa karate haiM / 'IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM isa prakAra kA mahAn pratApI vikramAditya nAmaka rAjA huA athavA nhiiN|' apanI isa zaMkA kI puSTi meM mukhya rUpa se una vidvAnoM dvArA yahI kahA jAtA hai ki IsA se 57 varSa pUrva yadi vikramAditya nAma kA mahAn pratApI rAjA huA hotA aura usane apane nAma se saMvat pracalita kiyA hotA to usake nAma ke sikke avazya upalabdha hote / isake sAtha hI sAtha IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI se le kara IsA ko davIM zatAbdI ke bIca ke kisI samaya ke kama se kama eka do zilAlekha to vikrama saMvat ke ullekha ke sAtha milate | para isa avadhi ke bIca kA eka bhI zilAlekha isa prakAra kA nahIM milatA jisa para spaSTa zabdoM meM vikrama saMvat aMkita ho / vikrama saMvat ke ullekha se yukta sabase pahalA zilAlekha caNDamahAsena nAmaka cauhAna rAjA kA dholapura se milA hai jisa para vikrama saMvat 868 khudA huA hai / isa prakAra yaha lekha I0 san 841 kA hai / isase pahale ke jitane bhI abhilekha vikramAditya ke saMvat se sambandhita batAye jAte haiM, una para vikrama saMvat nahIM apitu nimnalikhita pada khude hue haiM : (1) zrImAlavagaraNAmnAte prazaste kRtasaMjJite / (2) kRteSu catuSu varSazateSvekAzItyuttareSvasyAM mAlavapUrvvasyAM / ( nagarI kA lekha ) (3) mAlavAnAM garaNasthityA yAte zatacatuSTaye / trinavatyadhike'bdAnAmRtau sevyaghanastane / / ( mandasora kA kumAragupta ( 1 ) kA zilAlekha ) jo vidvAn isa prakAra kI zaMkA uThAte haiM, unheM sarvaprathama yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki vikrama pUrva prathama zatAbdI aura usake pazcAt kI bhI katipaya zatAbdiyoM meM deza kI rAjanaitika sthiti kitanI asthira, DAMvADola aura videzI prAkramaraNoM, gRha kalahoM ke kAraNa uthalaputhala se bharI hogii| isa prakAra ke saMkrAntikAla meM yaha bahuta kucha saMbhava hai ki vaha aitihAsika sAmagrI bAda meM prAye hue zakoM dvArA naSTa bhraSTa kara dI gaI ho athavA vaha sAmagrI idhara-udhara bikhara gaI ho / vaha kitanA bhISaNa saMkrAntikAla thA, isakA anumAna mAlava gaNa dvArA apanI janmabhUmi jhelama ke taTa ( paMjAba ) kA parityAga kiyA jAkara prathamataH

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544 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [hi0 stha0 aura vi0 pUrvI rAjasthAna meM aura usake pazcAt avantI rAjya meM basane se lagAyA jA sakatA hai| vikrama ne avantI ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna hote hI apane nAma kA saMvat calAne ke sthAna para kRta saMvat athavA mAlava saMvat kyoM calAyA ? isa prazna kA uttara khojate samaya vidvAnoM ne Aja taka eka bar3e mahatvapUrNa tathya kI ora kiMcitmAtra bhI dRSTinikSepa nahIM kiyA hai| usa tathya kI ora dhyAna dene se saMbhavataH isa prazna kA sahaja hI samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| vaha tathya yaha hai ki balamitra-bhAnumitra tathA zakoM kI sammilita senA dvArA parAjita evaM rAjyacyuta hone ke pazcAt gardabhilla kI mRtyu ho gii| aisI sthiti meM yuvA rAjaputra vikramAditya ke pAsa na to koI saMgaThita senA hI rahI aura na koI choTA-moTA rAjya hii| apane paitRka rAjya para adhikAra karane ke liye nizcita rUpa se use videzI zakoM ke viruddha prajA meM vidroha bhar3akAne tathA kisI anya zakti kI sahAyatA lene ke atirikta anya koI sAdhana nahIM thaa| aisI sthiti meM kyA yaha anumAna lagAnA anucita hogA ki vikrama ne usa samaya kI eka vIra aura yoddhA jAti ke mAlavoM ke sAtha vaivAhika athavA anya kisI prakAra ke sambandha ke mAdhyama se maitrI kara kAryasiddhi ke liye unakI sahAyatA prApta karane kA pUre manoyoga se prayAsa kiyA hogA? isa prayAsa meM saphalatA prApta hote hI nizcita rUpeNa videzI AtatAiyoM ke atyAcAroM se pIr3ita avantI kI prajA meM vidroha kI Aga bhar3akA, mAlavoM kI sahAyatA se vikramAditya ne zakoM ko parAjita kara pravantI ke apane paitaka rAjya para adhikAra kara liyA hogaa| jhelama ke taTavartI paMjAba ke upajAU pradeza ko paristhitivaza chor3a kara Aye hue mAlava logoM ne bhI avantI pradeza kI urvarA bhUmi para sthAyI rUpa se basa jAne kI prAzA liye zaka rAjya ke vinAza ke liye prANapaNa se vikramAditya kI sahAyatA kI hogii| ___mAlavoM ke isa prasIma upakAra ke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke liye vikramAditya ne pravantI pradeza kA nAma mAlavaM praura mAlavoM ke sAtha huI maitrI ko amara banAne ke liye prArambha meM mAlava rAjya meM aura kAlAntara meM samasta bhArata meM kRta samvat athavA mAlava saMvat claayaa| lekhana prAdi meM bhale hI yaha kRta saMvat mAlava saMvat likhA jAtA rahA ho para zakoM ko bhArata kI dharA se bhagA denevAle apane pratApI evaM paropakArI samrATa ke prati kRtajJatA evaM zraddhA prakaTa karate hue janatA janArdana ne bolacAla meM ise vikrama samvata ke nAma se hI vyavahAra meM liyA hogaa| koTi-koTi kaNThoM para caDhA humA vikrama saMvat antatogatvA lekhana mAdi meM bhI kRta saMvat-mAlava saMvata ke sthAna para vyavahRta hone lgaa| __ IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikramAditya nAmaka eka mahApratApI rAjA humA, isa tathya kI puSTi kevala janazruti hI DiNDimaghoSa ke sAtha nahIM karatI apitu aitihAsika manuzruti bhI isakI puSTi karatI hai| sabhI mamvapratiSTha vidvAnoM ko

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545 vikramAditya] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya maMgU vikrama saMvata ke AdhAra para, IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI ke aitihAsika vidvAna sAtakarNI rAjA hAla ko 'gAthAsaptazatI' ke ullekhoM evaM unhIM ke samakAlIna vidvAn guragADhaya kI vRhatkathA ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha to svIkAra karanA hI hogA ki IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM vikramAditya nAmaka pratApI rAjA hA hai| prasiddha pAzcAtya vidvAna DaoN0 sTenakono ne bhI vikramAditya kI aitihAsikatA ke isa pahala ko svIkAra kiyA hai|| janaanuzruti aura aitihAsika anuzruti ke sAtha-sAtha sAhityika anuzruti se bhI vikramAditya kI aitihAsikatA kI puSTi hotI hai| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya ke 100 se adhika saMskRta-prAkRta evaM anya bhAratIya bhASAoM ke grantha aura hajAroM AkhyAna vikramAditya kI aitihAsikatA ko pramANita karate haiN| unameM spaSTataH ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 470 varSa pazcAt tadanusAra IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikramAditya nAmaka eka pratApI rAjA humA / aba yahAM isa tathya kI puSTi karane vAle katipaya pramANa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM . 1. IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikramAditya ke astittva ko siddha karane vAle pragaNita sAdhanoM meM vikrama saMvat sabase pramukha aura prakAvya pramANa hai| hAtha kaMgana ko kyA prArasI' - tathA 'pratyakSe ki pramANam' - ina sUktiyoM ko sArthaka karate hue vikrama saMvat ne vastutaH vikramAditya ke astitva ko amara banA diyA hai| jisa saMvat kA vigata 2030 varSoM se anavacchinna-ajasra gati se vyavahAra bhArata meM calA pA rahA hai, usakA pracalana vikrama nAmaka eka mahAn pratApI rAjA ne kiyA thA- isa tathya ko kisa AdhAra para asvIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? bhArata ke suvizAla bhUbhAga meM prAyaH sarvatra vikrama saMvat kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| itane suvizAla bhUbhAga meM vikrama.saMvat kA pichale 2030 varSoM se upayoga kiyA jAnA- yaha eka tathya hI isa bAta kA prabala evaM paryApta pramANa hai ki prAja se 2030 varSa pahale vikrama kA astitva thA, jisane ki vikrama saMvat kA pracalana kiyaa| 2. IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM hue sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjA hAla ne apane 'gAthAsaptazatI' nAma - maMgaThIta grantha meM vikramAditya kI dAnazIlatA kA ullekha karate hue nimnalikhita gAthA prastuta kI hai : saMvAhaNasuharasatosieNa, denteNa tuhakare lakkhaM / calaNeNa vikkamAi, carimamaNusiksi tissA / / 464 prarthAt - jisa prakAra mahAdAnI rAjA vikramAditya apane sevakoM dvArA kI huI caraNasaMvAhanAdi sAdhAraNa sevAmoM se bhI saMtuSTa hokara unheM lAkhoM svarNa mudrAmoM kA dAna kara detA thA, usI prakAra vikramAditya ko usa dAnazIlatA kA a "Problems of Saka and Satavabava History" - Journal of the Bibar and Orissa * Research Society, 1930.

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546 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga . [vikramAditya anukaraNa karate hue lAkha ke lAla rasa se raMge hae priyatamA ke caraNoM ne priyatama dvArA kiye gae caraNa-saMvAhana se tuSTa hokara priyatama ke hAthoM me lAkha (lAkha svarNamudrAoM ke samAna lAkha kA lAla raMga) de ddaalaa| gAthA meM varNita zRgArarasa ke adbhuta zleSa se yahAM koI prayojana nahIM / yahAM isa gAthA se yahI batAnA abhipreta hai ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM hae vidvAn rAjA hAla ne vikrama kI lokaprasiddha dAnazIlatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| gAthA saptazatI meM hAla ne apane samaya meM prasiddha, cunI huI, camatkArapUrNa gAthAoM kA saMgraha kiyA thA - isa tathya se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki uparokta gAthArAjA hAla ke samaya se pUrva kI koI prasiddha racanA hai aura hAla se bahuta pahale hI vikramAditya kI dAnazIlatA kI yazogAthAeM loka meM guMjarita ho cukI thiiN| . __yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki 'gAthAsaptazatI' ke racayitA mahArAjA hAla ke hI eka pUrvaja ke hAthoM vikramAditya raNakSetra meM Ahata hue the aura usa zastrAghAta ke phalasvarUpa ujjayinI lauTane para vikramAditya kI mRtyu huI thii| 3. sAtavAhana vaMzI rAjA hAla ke samakAlIna vidvAn guNAnya ne paizAcI bhASA meM "vRhatkathA" nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| Aja vaha mUla graMtha kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai| somadeva bhaTTa ne 'vRhatkathA' kA saMskRta bhASA meM rUpAntara kara kathAsaritsAgara kI racanA kI, jo prAja upalabdha hai| kathAsaritsAgara ke lambaka 6, taraMga 1 meM vikramAditya kA vistAra ke sAtha paricaya diyA huA hai| . "kathAsaritsAgara" ke lambaka 18, taraMga 1 ke nimnalikhita zloka meM vikramAditya kI, mahimA kA jina zabdoM meM gAna kiyA gayA hai, usa prakAra kA saubhAgya saMbhavataH zrI rAma kRSNa ko chor3a kara anya kisI rAjA ko prApta nahIM huprA hIgA : . sa pitA pitRhInAnAmabaMdhUnAM sa bAndhavaH / anAthAnAM ca nAthaH saH, prajAnAM kaH sa nAbhavat / / 4. 'bhaviSyapurANa' meM bhI vikramAditya kA adholikhita rUpa meM ullekha upalabdha hotA hai : zakAnAM ca vinAzArthamAryadharmavivRddhaye / jAtaH zivAjJayA so'pi, kailAzAt muhyakAlayAt / / vikramAditya nAmAnaM, pitA kRtvA mumoha ha / tasminkAle dvijaH kazcijayaMto nAma vizrutaH / / tatphalaM tapasA prAptaH, zaktazca svagRhaM yyau| jayaMto bhartaharaye, lakSa svarNena varNayan / / bhuktvA bhartaharistatra yogArUr3ho vanaM gataH / vikramAditya evAsya, bhuktvA rAjyamakaMTakam // [bhaviSya purANa, saNDa 2, adhyAya 23]

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vikramAditya ] dazapUrvaghara - kAla : zrArya maMgU 547 5. skanda purANa meM bhI vikramAditya kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, jisameM batAyA gayA hai ki kaliyuga ke 3000 varSa bItane para ( IsA se 100 varSa pUrva ) vikramAditya kA janma hogA / 6. guraNADhya kI 'vRhatkathA' ke AdhAra para kSemendra dvArA racita 'vRhatkathA maMjarI' meM bhI nimnalikhita rUpa meM vikramAditya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai :* tato vijitya samare kaliMga nRpati vibhuH / rAjA zrI vikramAdityaH strIprAyaH vijayazriyam // atha zrI vikramAdityo, helayA nirjitAkhilaH / mlecchAn kAmboja yavanAn cInAn huragAn sabarbarAn // tuSArAn pArasIkAMzca tyaktAcArAn vizRMkhalAn ! hatvA bhrUbhaMgamAtreraNa, bhuvo bhAramavArayat / / taM prAha bhagavAn viSNustvaM mamAMzo mahIpate / 'jAto'si vikramAditya purA mleccha zakAMtakaH / / yaha yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki kathAsaritsAgara ke vidvAn sampAdaka zrI. durgAprasAda zAstrI ne guNADhya kA samaya I0 san 78 ke AsapAsa kA mAnA hai / 7: zrImadbhAgavat meM bhI gardabhin rAjAnoM ke hone kA saMkSepa meM ullekha hai, jo isa prakAra hai : " saptAbhIrA zrAvabhRtyA, dazagardabhino nRpAH / kaMkA Sor3aza bhUpAlA, bhaviSyantyati lolupAH ||26 [ zrImadbhAgavata, skaMdha 12, a0 1] 8. pahalI zatAbdI I0 pUrva kI kucha mAlava mudrAeM mAlava prAnta meM prApta huI haiM, unameM se katipaya mudrAoM para eka ora sUrya kA cinha tathA dUsarI prora 'mAlavAnAM jaya:' aura 'mAlavagaraNasya jayaH' kI chApa lagI huI hai / ye mudrAeM IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikramAditya dvArA zakoM para mAlava jAti ke yoddhAoM kI sahAyatA se prApta kI gaI bar3I vijaya kI sAkSI detI haiN| ina mudrAoM para eka aura aMkita sUrya kA cinha vikramAditya zabda ke saMkSipta rUpa " zrAditya" kA dyotaka hai / 1 6. mahAkavi bAraNa bhaTTa ke pUrva kAlika kavi subandhu ne 'vAsavadattA' ke prAstAvika padya 10 meM vikramAditya kA nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai :sArasavantA vihatA, navakA vilasanti carati no kaMkaH / sarasIva kIrti zeSaM, gatavati bhuvi vikramAditye // 10. vikrama saMvat ke pracalana se pahale ceTaka, zreNika, kUriNaka, caNDa pradyota, nanda, candragupta, prazoka prAdi mahApratApI rAjAoM meM se kisI ne vikramAditya ke viruda ko dhAraNa nahIM kiyaa| IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikrama saMvat ke pravartaka vikramAditya se lagabhaga do tIna zatAbdI pazcAt sAta vAhana samrAT gautamIputra 'sAtakariNa me bhaura lagabhaga cAra sau - pAMca sau varSa pazcAt gupta samrAT candragupta

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548 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vikramAditya ne 'vikramAditya' kA viruda dhAraNa kiyaa| yaha bhI isa bAta kA puSTa pramANa hai ki IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikramAditya nAmaka rAjA huyA aura usane vikrama saMvat claayaa| use prAdarza mAna kara sAtakariNa aura gupta samrATa caMdragupta ne bhI apane apane nAma ke sAtha 'vikramAditya' kA viruda lgaayaa| 11. vikramAditya kI rAjasabhA meM 6 ratna the - isa prakAra kA ullekha aneka granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| 'jyotividAbharaNa' grantha meM vikramAditya kI rAjyasabhA ke 6 ratnoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai, jo isa prakAra hai : dhanvantarikSapaNakA'marasiMha zaMku, vaitAlabhaTraghaTakhaparakAlidAsAH / khyAto varAhamihiro nRpate sabhAyAM, ratnAni vai vararucirnava vikramasya / / ina 6 ratnoM ke samaya ko nirdhArita karane ke sambandha meM vidvAn prayatnazIla haiM / inameM se katipaya ratnoM kA samaya IsA pUrva pahalI zatAbdI hI ThaharatA hai| isase bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki IsA se 57 varSa pUrva vikramAditya rAjA huA aura usane vikrama saMvat claayaa| 12. ina saba ke atirikta vikramAditya ke astitva ko siddha karane vAlA eka aisA pramANa hai jo pUrNataH niSpakSa aura videzI sAkSya para AdhArita hai| vaha sAkSI hai araba deza ke sAhitya kI jo isa prakAra hai : "hajarata mohammada sAhaba se 165 varSa pUrva 'jahama binatoI' nAmaka araba kA eka kavi ho gayA hai, jo prokAja- makkA meM prativarSa bhare jAne vAle arava ke usa samaya ke sabase bar3e mele ke kavi sammelana meM tIna varSa taka lagAtAra sarvaprathama prAtA rahA / makkA ke isa mele meM hajarata mohammada sAhaba se lagabhaga 2000 varSa pUrva taka ke kavi sammelanoM meM prathama Ane vAle kaviyoM kI kavitAoM ko sone ke patroM para aMkita kara makkA ke vizAla maMdira meM TAMgA jAtA pA rahA thaa| prarava ke usa samaya ke mahAkavi 'jahama binatoI kI, una tIna kavitAoM meM se eka kavitA isa prakAra hai :itrazzaphAI sanatula bikaramatuna, phahalamina karImuna yartaphIhA vayovassarU / bihillAhAyasamImina elA motakabbenarana,bihillAhAyUhI kaida mina hovA yphkhruu| phajjala-prAsAri nahano mosArima bejehalIna, yuroduna biprAbina kajanabinayakhatarU / yaha sabadunyA kanAtefa nAtephI bijehalIna, pratadarI bilalA masIratuna fakhefa tasabahU / kaunnI ejA mAjakaralahadA valahadA, prazamImAna, burukana qada toluho vatastarU / bihilAhA yakajI bainanA vale kulle amarenA, phaheyA jAUnA bila pramare vikaramatuna / . . [semarUla-prokUla, pR0 315] ve loga dhanya haiM, jo rAjA vikrama ke rAjyakAla meM utpanna hue, vo (rANA vikrama) bar3A dAnI, dharmAtmA paura prajApAlaka thaa| parantu aise samaya hamArA

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vikramAditya] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya maMgU 546 araba Izvara ko bhUla kara bhoga vilAsa meM lipta thaa| chala-kapaTa ko hI logoM ne saba se bar3A guraNa mAna rakhA thaa| hamAre tamAma deza (araba) meM avidyA ne aMdhakAra phailA rakkhA thaa| jaise bakarI kA baccA bher3iye ke paMje meM phaMsa kara chaTapaTAtA hai, chUTa nahIM sakatA, aise hI hamArI jAti mUrkhatA ke paMje meM phaMsI huI thii| saMsAra ke vyavahAra ko avidyA ke kAraNa hama bhUla cuke the, sAre deza meM amAvasyA kI rAtri kI taraha andhakAra phailA humA thA parantu aba jo vidyA kA prAtaHkAlIna sukhadAI prakAza dikhAI detA hai, vaha kaise hamA? yaha usI dharmAtmA rAjA vikrama kI kRpA hai, jisane hama videziyoM ko bhI apanI dayA dRSTi se vaMcita nahIM kiyA aura pavitra dharma kA sandeza de kara apanI jAti ke vidvAnoM ko yahAM bhejA, jo hamAre deza meM sUrya kI taraha camakate the| jina mahApuruSoM kI kRpA se hamane bhulAe hae Izvara aura usake pavitra jJAna ko jAnA aura satpathagAmI hue, ve loga rAjA vikrama kI prAjJA se hamAre deza meM vidyA aura dharma ke pracAra ke liye prAe the|"' 13. zAnTiyara', raeNpsana', phreMkalina ejarTana prAdi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne kAlakAcArya kathA meM ullikhita zakoM dvArA gardabhilla kI parAjaya aura tadanantara vikramAditya dvArA zakoM ko parAsta kara ujjayinI para adhikAra karane kI ghaTanAmoM ko aitihAsika mAnate hue vikramAditya dvArA IsA pUrva 58-57 meM vikrama samvat pracalita kiye jAne kI mAnyatA abhivyakta kI hai| uparilikhita pramANoM se na kevala vikramAditya kA astitva hI siddha hotA hai.mapitu yaha bhI pramANita hotA hai ki vikramAditya vastutaH bar3A sAhasI, paropakArI aura araba jaise sudUra dezoM meM bhI prasiddhi prApta rAjA thaa| usane aneka varSoM taka nyAyapUrvaka rAjya karate hue kevala bhArata hI nahIM apitu bhArata ke par3osI evaM sudUravartI rASTroM se bhI avidyA aura garIbI ko miTAne tathA mAnavasamAja ko susabhya evaM sukhI banAne ke lie aneka prayAsa kiye| vikramAditya kA vyaktitva vastutaH virATa thaa| . vikraya smRti pranya (sindhiyA prorienTala insTITyUTa, gvAliyara) meM prakAzita zrI maheza prasAda, maulavI prAlima phAjila ke lekha se uddhRta / Oply one legend, the Kalkacharya-Kathapaka 'the story of the teacher Kalaka' tells us about some events which are supposed to have taken place in Ujjain and other parts of Western India during the first part of the first century B. C. or immediately before the foundation of the Vikrama era in 38 B. C. This legend is perhaps pot totally devoid of all historical interest. (Cambridge History of India, Vol. 1. P. 1671 The memory of an episode in the history of Ujjain..... may possibiy be preserved in the Jain story of Kalka............Both the tyrant Gardabhilla whose misdeeds were responsible for the introduction of these evengers, and his son Vikramaditya, who afterwards drove the Sakas of the realm, according to the story, may perhaps be historical characters. [bahI, pp.532-33] "It seems on the whole at least possible, and perhaps probable, that there really was a king named Vikramaditya who reigned in Malva and founded the era of 58-57 B.C. (Op. W. LXVIJ 2.

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [vikramAditya 'vikrama carita' ke anusAra kisI sAtavAhana vaMzI rAjA ke sAtha yuddha meM vikramAditya ke ghAtaka prahAra lagA aura ujjayinI loTane para usakI vahAM mRtyu ho gaI / 550 I0 san 1030 ke AsapAsa hue itihAsa ke prasiddha vidvAn bhalaberUnI ne bhI arabI bhASA kI apanI pustaka 'kitAbulahinda' meM zAlivAhana nAmaka eka jamIMdAra ke sAtha vikramAditya ke yuddha kA aura usa yuddha meM vikramAditya kI mRtyu hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / prAyaH sabhI jaina granthoM meM vikramAditya ko jaina dharmAnuyAyI batAyA gayA hai / 17 (21) Arya nandila - vAcanAcArya zrArya maMgU ke pazcAt vAcaka-paramparA meM zrArya nandila vAcanAcArya hue / nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya devaddhi ne zrAyeM nandila kI stuti karate hue likhA hai : "nAmi daMsaNaMmi ya, tavaviraNae nikvakAlamujjata / prajjaM nandila khamaraNaM, sirasA vaMde pasannamaraNaM // uparokta gAthA meM prArya devaddhi ne naMdila ko jJAna, darzana, tapa aura vinaya meM sadA-kAla tatpara batalAyA hai| unhoMne naMdila ke jIvana kA paricaya dete hue "smaraNaM aura pasannamaraNaM" - ye do vizeSaraNa diye haiM, isase jJAta hotA hai ki ApakA jIvana tapapradhAna thA aura zrApa kaThina se kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI sadA prasannamana rahate the / prabhAvakacaritra ke anusAra prApa vairoTyA nAmaka devI ke pratibodhaka mAne gaye haiM / vairoTyA ke pratibodha kI ghaTanA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : I sArthavAha varadatta kI priyaputrI vairoTyA kA padminI khaNDa ke padamakumAra nAmaka sArthavAha ke sAtha pANigrahaNa huA / sAsa kI sevAzuzruSA karate rahane para bhI vairoTyA use saMtuSTa nahIM kara skii| phalasvarUpa sAsa ke pravajJApUrNa kaTu vacanoM ko suna kara vairoTyA cintA se kRSa rahane lgii| vaha sadA yahI socA karatI "mere kRtakarma kA phala sujhe hI bhoganA hai| haMsa kara bhogUMgI to mujhe hI bhoganA hai bhaura hAya-hAya karake bhogUMgI to bhI mujhe hI bhoganA hai / ' isa prakAra vicAra kara vaha sadA mana ko zAnta karane kA prayAsa karatI para zarIra duHkha se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahA / usameM kRSatA A gaI / " -: eka dina nAgendra ke zubhasvapna ke sAtha vairoTyA ne garbha dhAraNa kiyA / sAsa apane duSTa svabhAvavaza yadvA tadvA bolA karatI - "isa abhAginI ke bhAgya meM putra kahAM, isake to putrI hI hogI / " vairocyA sAma ke saba tAnoM ko zAnta bhAva se sunA karatI / tIna mahine ke garbhakAla meM vairoTyA ko dugdhapAka (khIra) kA dohada utpanna huA /

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mArya naMdila vA0] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya naMdila. isI bIca Arya nandila kA vahAM padArpaNa huaa| vairoTyA ne vandana-namana ke pazcAt prAcArya zrI ko apanA saba duHkha kaha sunaayaa| prAcArya ne kSamAdharma kI ArAdhanA kA upadeza dete hue use prAzvasta kiyA aura dUdhapAka ke dohada kI jAnakArI dete hue kahA "tumhAre dohada kI pUrti ho jAyagI, cintA mata kro|" __ caitrI pUrNimA ke dina vairoTyA ne puMDarIka tapa kA upavAsa kiyA aura usakI sAsa ne dUsare dina sAdharmiyoM ko bhojana karAne hetu dugdhapAka bnaayaa| usameM se bacI huI kucha khIra usane vairoTyA ko bhI dii| khIra kA pAtra lekara vairoTyA tAlAba para gaI aura vastra se prAvRtta kSIrapAtra ko taTa para eka saghana vRkSa ke mUla ke pAsa rakha kara svayaM paira dhone lgii| sahasA usa samaya nAgarAja kI agramahiSI AI aura usane vaha saba khIra pI lii| jaba vairoTyA ne lauTa kara kSIra pAtra ko rikta dekhA to vaha harSita mana se bolI- "jisane bhI khIra kA pAsvAdana kiyA hai usake manoratha pUrNa hoN|" sarvabhUtAnukampA rUpa paropakAra kI usa utkaTa bhAvanA ke phalasvarUpa nAgarAja kI mahiSI bar3I prasanna huii| usase vairokhyA kI uddAtta bhAvanA jAna kara nAgarAja ne bhI dayArdra ho usakI sAsa ko svapna meM vairocyA ke dohada kI pUrti karane kI preraNA kii| tadanantara vairoTyA kA dohada pUrNa huprA aura samaya para usane eka puNyazAlI putra ko janma diyaa| bAlaka kA nAma nAgadatta rakhA gyaa| - kAlAntara meM vairoTyA ne apane pati padmadatta aura putra nAgadatta ke sAtha zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| saMyama kI samucita rUpeNa pAlanA karate hae anta meM padmadatta tathA nAgadatta samAdhipUrvaka dehotsarga kara saudharma devaloka meM deva rUpa se utpanna hue aura vairoTyA nAgendra ke dhyAna se prAyu pUrNa kara dharaNendra kI devI ke rUpa meM utpanna huii| .. - AcArya nandila ne vairoTyA ke prazAnta jIvana meM jJAnopadeza dvArA zAnti pradAna kI thI ataH vairoTyA dharaNendra kI mahiSI ke rUpa meM utpanna hone ke pazcAt AcArya nandila ke prati bhakti evaM bahumAna rakhane lgii| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke caraNoM meM bhakti rakhane vAle bhaktoM ke kaSToM kA nivAraNa karane meM vaha samaya-samaya para unakI sahAyatA karane lgii| kahA jAtA hai ki prAcArya nandila ne vairocyA ke stutiparaka "namiUNa jiNaM pAsaM" isa maMtrabhita stotra kI racanA kara vairoTyA kI smRti ko cirasthAyI banA diyaa| mArya bhadragupta-yugapradhAnAcArya Arya dharma ke svargagamana ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 464 meM Arya bhadragupta yugapradhAnAcArya pada para adhiSThita hue| dazapUrvadhara pArya bhadragupta mAgamajJAna ke pAragAmI aura apratima vidvAn the| Apako vacasvAmI jaise mahAn yugapradhAna

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552 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga bhadragupta-ghu0 prA0 prAcArya ke zikSAgurU hone kA saubhAgya prApta hai| vajasvAmI ne prApase 10 pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| mArya bhadragupta kA yatkicita paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai ApakA janma vIra ni0 saM0 428 meM, zramaNa-dIkSA vIra ni0 saM0 446 meM ikkIsa varSa kI avasthA meM, yugapradhAnacArya pada vIra ni0 saM0 494 meM aura svarga gamana vIra ni0 saM0 533 meM hupraa| Apane 45 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM aura 36 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada para rahate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kI mahatI sevA kii| isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ki Arya rakSita sUri ne ApakI niryAmaNA (antima pArAdhanA) krvaaii| ApakI pUrNa prAyu 105 varSa, 4 mAsa aura 4 dina kI thii| garaNAcArya prArya nandila ke vAcanAcArya kAla meM vIra ni0 saM0 547-48 meM prArya suhastI kI paramparA ke gaNAcArya prArya siMha giri kA svargavAsa huaa| 18 (22) prArya nAgahastI-vAcanAcArya prAcArya Arya nandila ke pazcAta nAgahastI vAcanAcArya hae / nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne prApako karmaprakRti ke pradhAna jJAtA tathA jijJAsumoM kI jijJAsAmoM kA samucita evaM saMtoSaprada samAdhAna karane meM kuzala batAyA hai / 'pUrvajJAna' ke dhAraka hone ke kAraNa dravyAnuyoga aura karmaviSayaka jJAna ke pApa marmajJa mAne gaye haiN| zramaraNasaMgha-stotra Adi granthoM ke anusAra nAgahastI (Arya nAga) ko yugapradhAna-prAcArya bhI mAnA gayA hai para isa sambandha meM yaha anveSaNIya hai ki Arya nAgahastI aura prArya nAgendra eka hI prAcArya ke nAma haiM athavA donoM alaga-alaga samaya ke prAcArya haiM / hamAre vicAra se Arya nandila ke ziSya vAcanAcArya nAgahastI aura yUgapradhAnAcArya nAgendra, jinheM prArya nAga tathA Arya nAgahastI ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai, donoM bhinna-bhinna kAla ke do bhinna prAcArya hone caahie| hamAre isa anumAna meM nimna AdhAra vicAraNIya haiM : 1. nAgahastI ko prabhAvakacaritrAnusAra pAdalipta kA gama mAnA gayA hai' aura pAdalipta kA Arya rakSita se pahale honA pramANita hai| kAraNa ki pArya rakSita dvArA saMkalita anuyogadvAra sUtra meM "taraMgavaIkAre" pada se prArya pAdalipta kI smRti kI gaI hai| isake viparIta prArya nAgendra ko prArya rakSita ke pazcAdvartI prArya vajrasena kI ziSya-paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai / ' gacche vidyAdharAkhyasyAyaM nAgahastimUrayaH / / 15 / / pumicchasi cettepAM, pAdazauca jalaM pive / / 16 / /

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18. pAyaM nAgahastI] . dazapUrvadhara-kAla : pAyaM nAgahastI 553 . 2. prArya nAgahastI vAcakavaMza ke prabhAvaka prAcArya mAne gaye haiM, jinake liye devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai - "vaDDha u vAyagavaMso, jasavaMso anjnaaghtthiinnN|" __ arthAt -prArya nAgahastI kA vAcakavaMza yazovaMza kI taraha vRddhigata ho| gAthA meM nAgahastI ko vAcakavaMza se sambaddha batAyA gayA hai, jaba ki vajrasena saMtAnIya pArya nAga nAilI zAkhA, nAgendra gaccha aura nAgendra kula ke pravartaka mAne gaye haiN| aisI sthiti meM yadi vajrasena saMtAnIya nAgendra hI vAcakavaMzIya nAgahastI. hote to unake liye 'vaDDhau vAyagavaMso' ke sthAna para 'vaDDhau nAilavaMso' isa prakAra kA pada prayukta kiyA jaataa| kyoMki Arya nAga nAila zAkhA, nAgendra kula evaM nAgendra gaccha ke pravartaka mAne gaye haiN| ___ zvetAmbara-paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA ke pramukha graMthoM meM bhI Arya maMgU aura nAgahastI kA paricaya upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara sAhitya kI taraha. yadyapi digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM Arya maMgU aura Arya nAgahastI kA koI khAsa paricaya prApta nahIM hotA phira bhI kasAyapAhur3a kI jayadhavalA TIkA meM prAcArya vIrasena ne Arya maMgU aura Arya nAgahastI ko riNakAra yativRSabha ke guru hone kA ullekha karate hue nimnalikhita rUpa meM ina donoM kI stuti kI hai : guNaharavayaNaviNiggaya, gAhANattho'vahAriyo svvo| jeNajjamakhuNA so, saNAgahatthI varaM deU / / 7 / / jo ajja maMkhu sIso, aMtevAsI vi NAgahatthissa / so vittisuttakattA jaivasaho me varaM deU / / 8 / / ina gAthAoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki jina Arya maMkhu aura nAgahastI ne guNadharAcArya ke mukha-kamala se vinirgata gAthAoM ke sampUrNa artha ko samyakrUpeNa avadhAraNa kiyA, ve prAcArya mujhe vara pradAna kreN| jo prArya maMkha ke ziSya aura Arya nAgahastI ke bhI aMtevAsI haiM, ve vRttisUtra ke kartA yativRSabha mujhe vara pradAna kreN| nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke samAna hI digambarAcArya vIrasena ne 'jayaghavalA' meM ina donoM AcAryoM ko karmasiddhAnta ke viziSTa jJAtA aura prAgama-jJAna ke pAragAmI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / 'jaya dhavalA' TIkA meM batAyA gayA hai ki guNadharAcArya dvArA 180 gAthAoM meM 'kasAyapAhur3a' kA upasaMhAra kara liye jAne para ve sUtra gAthAeM AcArya-paramparA se Arya maMkSu aura Arya nAgahastI ko prApta hiiN| tadanantara una donoM prAcAryoM ke caraNakamaloM meM baiThakara bhaTTAraka yativRSabha ne una 180 gAthAoM ke artha ko bhalIbhAMti samajhA aura pravacana-vAtsalya se prerita ho una para cUriNasUtra kI racanA kI / jaisA ki TIkA meM kahA hai -- "puNo tApo ceva suttagAhAmro pAiriyaparaMparAe prAgacchamANIyo ajja .makhunAgahatthINaM pttaago| puNo tesiM doNhaM pi pAdamUle asIdisadagAhANaM

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554 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [18. prAyaM nAgahastI guNaharamukha-kamala-viriNaggayANamatthaM samma soUNa jayivasahabhaDAraeNa pavayaNavacchaleNa cuNi suttaM kayaM / "' uparilikhita uddharaNoM meM yativRSabha ko Arya maMkhu (maMgu) kA ziSya evaM Arya nAgahastI kA aMtevAsI batAyA gayA hai| ziSya' evaM 'aMtevAsI' zabdoM kI bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se paribhASA kI jAya to samAnArthaka hote hue bhI ye donoM zabda apane ApameM viziSTArtha ko liye hue hone ke kAraNa apanA-apanA pRthaka sthAna rakhate haiN| 'ziSya' zabda kA artha hai saMyamasAdhanA athavA vidyAdhyayana hetu guru kA ziSyatva svIkAra karane vAlA / 'aMtevAsI' zabda kA artha hotA hai -jIvanaparyaMta athavA sudIrya kAla taka jJAnadAtA ke pAsa rahate hue tathA unakI sevA-zuzrUSA karate hue jJAnArjana karane vaalaa| ina zabdoM kI isa prakAra kI vyutpatti svIkAra karane para yaha saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki Arya maMgU ke sthiravAsa kAla se kucha samaya pUrva yativRSabha ne unake pAsa dIkSA svIkAra kI ho aura unakI sthiravAsa meM rasagRddhi evaM zithilAcAra kI bhora pravRtti dekhakara Arya maMgU ke anya zramaNa parivAra kI taraha unakA sAtha chor3a Arya nAgahastI kI caraNa-zaraNa grahaNa kI ho| tadanantara nAgahastI ke antakAla taka unakI sevA meM nirata rahate hue unhoMne unase jJAnArjana kiyA ho| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa sampUrNa ghaTanAkrama kI ora saMketa karane ke abhiprAya se hI jayadhavalAkAra ne yativRSabha ke liye "Arya maMkhu ke ziSya" aura "Arya nAgahastI ke antevAsI" - ina bhinna padoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ___naMdI-sthavirAvalI kI 31vIM evaM 32vIM prakSipta gAthAoM ke AdhAra para prArya maMgU aura Arya nAgahastI ke bIca meM Arya dharma, Arya bhadragupta, Arya vajra tathA Arya rakSita ke nAma dekhakara katipaya vidvAnoM ne yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki Arya maMgU aura Arya nAgahastI ke bIca lagabhaga 150 varSa kA antarAla rahA ataH yativRSabha ko kasAyapAhur3a kA jJAna dene vAle maMkhu evaM prAya nAgahastI zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya maMgu aura nAgahastI se bhinna haiM / vastutaH una vidvAnoM kI isa prakAra kI mAnyatA kevala bhrAnti para AdhArita hone ke kAraNa mAnya nahIM kI jA sktii| jina 4 prAcAryoM ke nAma dekhakara kucha vidvAnoM ne jo isa prakAra kI kalpanA kI hai, vastutaH Arya dharma se Arya rakSita taka ke ve cAroM prAcArya vAcaka paramparA ke mukhya prAcArya nahIM the / ve to vAstava meM anya paramparA ke tatsamayavartI vAcaka prAcArya rahe haiN| una cAroM kA mukhya sthAna yugapradhAna-paramparA meM mAnA gayA hai| yaha eka hI tathya isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye paryApta hai| ina saba tathyoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karane para vAcaka-paramparA meM Arya maMgU ke pazcAt Arya nandila aura nandila ke pazcAt nAgahastI - yaha krama hI ucita pramANita hotA hai| isa krama kI prAmANikatA siddha ho jAne para Arya maMgU aura ' jayadhavalA, bhAga 1, pR. 88

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18. prArya nAgahastI] dazapUrvadhara-kAla * prArya nAgahastI 555 nAgahastI kA sattAkAla samasAmayika siddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha jaya dhavalAkAra kA vaha kathana bhI saMgata saMbhava ho sakatA hai, jisameM unhoMne kahA hai ki yativRSabha ne Arya maMkhu aura nAgahastI- ina donoM ke caraNoM meM baiThakara kasAyapAhar3a kI gAthAoM kA avadhAraNa kiyaa| ___tiloyapaNNattI' bhI yativRSabha kI racanA hai / tiloyapaNNattI meM vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka ke kAla meM hue rAjAoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| isa ullekha ko AdhAra banAkara katipaya vidvAn yativRSabha kA samaya vIra nirvANa se 1000 varSa pazcAt kA mAnate haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAlagaNanA kI zRMkhalA kI kar3iyoM ko jor3ane ke liye ukta gAthAnoM meM se aneka gAthAeM kAlAntara meM anya vidvAnoM dvArA prakSipta kI gaI hoN| prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki tiloyapaNNattI meM prakSipta gAthAoM kA bAhulya hai| yadyapi yativRSaya ne Arya magU aura nAgahastI kA apanI cUriNa meM kahIM nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai tathApi jayadhavalAkAra ne ina donoM prAcAryoM kI stuti karate hue spaSTa rUpeNa yaha likhA hai ki yativRSabha ne Arya maMkSu aura nAgahastI se kasAyapAhur3a kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| jayadhavatAkAra ke isa kathana ko prAmANika na mAnane kA koI kAraNa pratIta nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM eka bar3A prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA Arya yativRSabha vikramIya prathama zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM vidyamAna the ? yaha prazna gahana zodha kI apekSA rakhatA hai| prAzA hai itihAsa ke vidvAn isa para prakAza ddaaleNge| Apake ziSyoM meM Arya pAdalipta bar3e hI prabhAvaka prAcArya hue haiM / saMkSepa meM yahAM unakA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai : prArya pAdalipta ____ Arya khapuTa kI taraha Arya pAdalipta bhI bar3e pratibhAzAlI prAcArya mAne gaye haiN| kozalA nagarI ke mahArAja vijayavarmA ke rAjya meM phulla nAma kA eka buddhimAna aura dAnavIra zreSThI rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma pratimAnA thaa| baha rUpa, zIla aura guraNa kI aAdhArabhUmi hokara bhI putra rahita thii| kisI ne use parAmarza diyA ki vairoTyA devI kI pArAdhanA kI jAya to putralAbha ho sakatA hai / iSTasiddhi ke lie usane bhI tapa, niyama ke sAtha vairoTyA kA samArAdhana kara use prasanna kiyaa| devI ne pratyakSa hokara kahA - "bolo ! mujhe kisa liye yAda kiyA hai ?" zreNThipatnI bolI - "putra ke lie|" / devI ne kahA - "vidyAdhara vaMza meM prArya nAgahastI nAma ke prAcArya hai, jo isa samaya yahAM prAye hue haiM / unakA caraNodaka piyA jAya to tumheM putra kI prApti ho sakatI hai|"

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrAryaM pAdalipta usane vaisA hI kiyA / prAcArya se 10 hAtha dUra eka muni ke hAtha ke pAtra se usane caraNodaka lekara pI liyA / phalasvarUpa usako 10 putra hone kA bhaviSya batAyA gayA / zreSThipatnI pratimAnA ne ghara pahuMca kara apane pati ko pUrI bAta sunA kara kahA - "10 putra hoMge to unameM se eka prathama putra ko gurudeva ke caraNoM meM bheMTa kara denA hai / " 556 kAlAntara meM pratimAnA ne eka tejasvI putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma nAgendra rakhA gayA / pratimAnA ne use guru kI nidhi mAna kara 8 varSa taka bar3e dulAra ke sAtha usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyA aura phira use gurucaraNoM meM bheMTa kara diyA / 8 varSa kA jAna kara guru ne nAgendra kI dIkSita kiyA aura maNDana nAmaka muni kI dekha-rekha meM usakI zikSA kA prabandha kara diyA / prakhara buddhi ke kAraNa bAlaka muni nAgendra svalpakAla meM hI sarvavidyAvizArada bana gayA / eka bAra guru ne use jala lAne hetu bhejA aura jaba vaha kAMjI lekara lauTA to guru ne usase pUchA - " kahAM se lAye ho ?" uttara meM muni nAgendra ne kAvyamayI bhASA meM kahA : aMbaM taMbacchIe apuphiyaM pupphadaMtapaMtIe / navasAlikaMjiyaM navavahUi kuDaeNa me dinnaM || ' puSpa kI taraha dantapaMkti vAlI kisI tAmrAkSI navavadhu ne mujhe DAMgara kI tarotAjA kAMjI karue ( mRtpAtra ) se baharAI hai / guru ne nAgendra muni ke zRMgArarasagarbhita vacana sunakara kahA - "palitto'si / " bAlamuni nAgendra bolA - "bhagavan ! mAtrA bar3hAkara prasAda kIjie / " guru ne bAla muni kI vicakSaNatA dekha use pAdalepa kI vidyA pradAna kI / isase muni nAgendra AkAzamArga se bhramaraNa karane meM samartha ho gayA / pATaliputra meM suruNDa ke rAjya ke samaya kI eka ghaTanA hai ki muruNDarAja ke zira meM 6 nAsa se asahya vedanA ho rahI thI / saMyogavaza pAdalipta bhI AcArya pada se saMgha ke dAyitva ko samhAlane ke anantara pATaliputra pahuMce / usa samaya taka rAjA ne zirovedanA kI zAnti ke lie vividha maMtra-taMtra, prauSadha prAdi ke prayogoM ke uparAnta bhI jaba zAnti prApta nahIM kI taba maMtrI ko AcArya pAdalipta ke pAsa bheja kara unase prArthanA kI ki ve bhUpAla kI zirovedanA ko dUra karane kI kRpA kareM / prAcArya rAjaprAsAda meM gaye ghumAte hue unhoMne maMtra zakti se 9 prabhASaka caritra, pAdaliptasUricaritam, pR0 26 aura eka ora baiTha kara apane ghuTane para aMguli rAjA kI zirovedanA pUrNataH zAnta kara dI / 2 (ka) jaha-jaha esiriMga jANuyammi pAlittazro bhamADe / taha-taha se siraveyaraNa paraNassai muruNDarAyassa / / [ prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 30 ] (sva) sAMse viyaraNa, paNAsati muruDa rAyassa / 4460 [ ni0 bhA0 cU0, bhA0 3pR0 423 ]

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prArya pAdalipta] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya nAgahastI 557 zirovedanA dUra ho jAne se rAjA parama prasanna hNpaa| usane prAcArya pAdalipta kI aura bhI aneka prakAra se parIkSA kI aura anta meM vaha unakA parama bhakta bana gyaa| Arya pAdalipta kI apratima pratibhA ke sambandha meM aneka AkhyAnoM meM se kucha isa prakAra haiM : (1) eka bAra pratiSThAnapura meM rAjA sAtavAhana ke yahAM vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM sahasA bAta calI ki sarva vidyA vizArada prAcArya pAdalipta vahAM pahuMcane vAle haiN| vidvAnoM ne apanI praur3hatA batAne ke lie jame ghRta se bharA eka kaTorA dekara eka AdamI ko AcArya zrI ke pAsa bhejaa| prAcArya pAdalipta ne ghI meM eka sUI DAla kara kaTorA punaH lauTA diyaa| rAjA ne yaha saba vRttAnta suna kara paNDitoM se pUchA ki ghI se bharA kaTorA AcArya zrI ke pAsa bhejane meM una logoM kA kyA abhiprAya thA? paNDitoM ne uttara diyA- 'kaTore meM ghI ke samAna nagara vidvAnoM se bharA hai isalie Apa soca-samajha kara isa nagara meM praveza kreN| isake uttara meM prAcArya ne ghI meM sUI DAla kara kaTorA lauTAyA hai|" rAjA ne kahA - "Apa logoM ke prazna kA prAcArya ne nirbhayatA se yaha uttara diyA hai ki jisa prakAra jame hue ghI meM tIkSNa suI samA gaI, usI prakAra maiM bhI vidvAnoM se maNDita isa nagara meM praveza kara skeNgaa|" prAcArya ke uttara se saba prabhAvita hue aura rAjA tathA paNDitoM ne sammukha jAkara sammAnapUrvaka prAcArya zrI kA nagara-praveza krvaayaa| (2) AcArya pAdalipta kI pratyutpannamati kA eka udAharaNa isa prakAra hai :eka bAra vAdiyoM ke sAtha vicAragoSThi meM kisI ne kahA : pAlittaya ! kahasu phuDa, sayalaM mahimaMDalaM bhamaMteNaM / diThTha muyaM ca katthavi, candaNarasasIyalo aggI / / arthAt - he pAdalipta ! bhUmaNDala para vicaraNa karate samaya tumane kahIM candanarasa ke samAna zItala agni ko dekhA athavA sunA ho to spaSTa kho| pratyutpannamati prAcArya pAdalipta ne tatkAla uttara diyA : ayasAbhiyoga saMdUNiyassa, purisassa suddhahiyayassa / hoi vahaMtassa duhaM, candaNararAsIyalo aggI / / arthAt - prakIti ke abhiyoga se saMtapta-pIDita zuddha hRdaya vAle puruSa ko akItijanya duHkha kA vahana karate hue agni bhI candana ke rasa ke samAna zItala pratIta hotI hai| (3) 'taraMgavatI jaise vidvattApUrNa kAvya ko dekhakara jaba sava vidvAnoM ne pAdalipta kI prazaMsA kI taba rAjA ne prAcArya se kahA - "hama saba saMtuSTa haiM aura

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558. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya pAdalipta ApakI stuti karate haiM / kevala yaha viduSI vezyA guNajJA hokara bhI ApakI stuti nahIM krtii| Apa koI aisA upAya kIjie jisase yaha bhI ApakI stuti kre|" - rAjA kI bAta sunakara AcArya pAdalipta apane sthAna para cale pAye aura rAtri meM gaccha kI sammati se prANa nirodha kara kapaTa mRtyu se niSprANa ho leTa gye| prAcArya ko prarthI para lie jaba loga rudana karate hue usa gariNakA ke dvAra para pahuMce to vaha bhI dvAra para pAI aura rudana karatI huI bolI : sIsaM kahavi na phuTTa jamassa pAlittayaM hrNtss| jassa muhanijharAmro taraMgalolA naI bUDhA / / arthAt-are! una pAdalipta kA haraNa karate samaya yamarAja kA zira kyoM nahIM phUTa gayA, jinake mukha rUpI nirbhara se 'taraMgalolA' taraMgavatI nadI pravAhita huI hai ? prAcArya yaha sunakara tatkAla uTha baitthe| gaNikA ne kahA - "prAcAryavara! kyA prApa mara kara stuti karavAte haiM ?" .. prAcArya ne kahA- "kyA tumane nahIM sunA - 'mRtvApi paMcamo geyaH' - mara kara bhI paMcama veda gAnA caahiye| . kitanA camatkArapUrNa uttara hai ? prabhAvaka caritra meM gaNikA ke sthAna para pAMcAla nAmaka vidvAn ke nAmollekha ke sAtha yahI kathAnaka diyA gayA hai| prAcArya pAdalipta ne apane prAcArya kAla meM sva-para kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha jinazAsana kI bar3I hI ullekhanIya sevAeM kii|" prAcArya pAdalipta ne 'taraMgavatI', 'nirvANakalikA' evaM 'prazna prakAza Adi granthoM kI racanAeM kii| 'taraMgavatI' prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA grantharatna mAnA jAtA hai| prAcArya pAdalipta ke jIvana se sambandhita katipaya ghaTanAmoM ke paryavekSaNa se unakA vihAra-kSetra bar3A vistRta pratIta hotA hai| mAnyakheTa kA kRSNarAjA, mokArapura kA bhImarAjA Adi aneka rAjA-mahArAjA unake anuyAyI the| pATaliputra, bhRgukacchapura prAdi meM unhoMne apane prabhAva kA prayoga kara anya matAvalambiyoM dvArA jaina dharmAvalaMbiyoM ke virodha meM utpanna kiye gaye vAtAvaraNa ko zAnta kara aneka logoM ko jaina-dharma kA anuyAyI bnaayaa| prAcArya pAdalipta ke sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM aneka kathAnaka pracalita haiN| unameM batAyA gayA hai ki ve auSadhiyoM ke pAdalepa dvArA gaganamArga se vicaraNa karate the| isa vidyA se prabhAvita hokara DhaMka giri kA nivAsI nAgArjuna nAmaka eka kSatriya unakA ananya upAsaka bana gyaa| nAgArjuna kA paricaya pRthakataH yathAsthAna diyA jaaygaa| ' rAgasya paMcamo vedH|

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prArya pAdalipta] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya nAgahastI 556 prabandha koza tathA prabhAvaka caritra ke atirikta sabhASya nizIthacUNi aura vRhatkalpa bhASya meM bhI aneka sthaloM para prAcArya pAdalipta ke samaya meM hue muruNDa rAjA ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| muruNDarAja ko bahina dvArA jaina zramaNI dharma ko dIkSA vRhatkalpa bhASya meM muruNDarAja kI bahina ke zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : eka bAra muruNDarAja kI vidhavA bahina ne usake samakSa pravajita hone kI abhilASA prakaTa kii| kisa dharma kI anuyAyinI sAdhvI ke pAsa use dIkSita karavAyA jAya aura kauna sA dharma vastutaH vAstavika pAtmika dharma hai - isa bAta kI parIkSA lene kA muruNDa ne nizcaya kiyaa| usane mahAvata ko Adeza diyA ki vaha hAthI para baiTha kara rAjaprAsAda ke pAsa vAle mArga para idhara-udhara ghUme aura jyoM hI kisI bhI dharma kI sAdhvI use dRSTigocara ho, vaha hAthI ko usakI ora yaha kahate hue bar3hAe-"tumhAre tana para jo bhI vastra haiM, unheM dUra pheMka do anyathA yaha madonmatta hAthI tumheM kucala ddaalegaa|" hasticAlaka ne muruNDarAja ke Adeza kA pAlana kiyA / vibhinna matoMvAlI sAdhviyoM kI ora unheM vastra pheMka dene kI cetAvanI dete hue mahAvata jaba-jaba hAthI ko bar3hAtA to ve tatkAla saba vastra dUra pheMka kara nagna ho jaatiiN| muruNDarAja apane prAsAda ke gavAkSa se isa prakAra ke dRzya dekhatA rhtaa| aMtatogatvA eka dina eka jaina sAdhvI ko usa patha para yatanApUrvaka jAtI huI dekha kara mahAvata ne use saba vastra pheMka dene kI cetAvanI dete hue usakI mora hAtho ko vega se bddh'aayaa| hAthI ko tIvra gati se apanI ora bar3hate hue dekha kara bhI sAdhvI ne dhairya nahIM chodd'aa| usane sabase pahale hAthI kI prora apanI mukhavastrikA girA dii|' hAthI thor3I dera rukA, usane sUMDa se mukhavastrikA ko pakar3a kara dekhA aura phira use eka ora pheMka vaha sAdhvI kI ora bar3hA / sAdhvI ne usI dhairya ke sAtha aba kI vAra apanA rajoharaNa hAthI kI mora ddaalaa| hAthI rajoharaNa ko saMDa se pakar3a kara thor3I dera taka havA meM phaharAtA rahA aura punaH sAdhvI kI ora bddh'aa| prAryA bar3e dhairya ke sAtha apane anyAnya bAhya upakaraNoM ko eka-eka karake hAthI kI ora DAlatI rhii| hAthI pratyeka bAra ruka kara sAdhvI dvArA apanI ora DAle gaye upakaraNoM ko idhara-udhara kara dekhatA aura sAdhvI kI ora bddh'taa| aMta meM sAdhvI ke pAsa. lajjA DhAMkane kA kevala eka hI vastra bacA raha gyaa| mahAvata bAra-bAra tIvra svara meM sAdhvI ko vastra pheMkane ke lie kahatA rahA para vaha naTI kI taraha kabhI hAthI ke isa ora to kabhI usa bhora hokara apanA bacAva karane lgii| rAjapatha para darzakoM kI bhArI bhIr3a ekatrita ho gii| sAdhvI ke apUrva sAhasa aura pratyutpannamati se ' tIe par3hamaM muhapottiyA mukkA, tato nisibaa| [vRhatkalpa bhA., bhA0 4, pR0 1123]

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560 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [muruNDa kI bahina kI dIkSA janatA prabhAvita huii| cAroM ora se prAkrozapUrNa tIvra svara mahAvata para garjanatarjana ke sAtha barasane lage- "yaha duSTatA banda karo, mor3a do hAthI ko, pUjyA AryA kI ora eka Daga bhI bar3hAyA to tumhArA prakSema hogaa|" udvelita sAgara kI taraha Rddha apAra janasamudra ke AkrozapUrNa kolAhala se hAthI bhI kiMkartavya vimUr3ha ho gayA aura sAtha-sAtha mahAvata bhii| sAdhvI dhairya kI pratimUrti kI taraha vastra meM lipaTI eka ora khar3I thii| muruNDarAja rAjaprAsAda ke gavAkSa se yaha saba dRzya dekha rahA thaa| usane jaina zramaNI ko parIkSA meM pUrNataH uttIrNa pAkara mahAvata kI ora saMketa kiyA / hastivAhaka ne vicitra zabdoM ke uccAraNa ke sAtha apanA aMkuza gajarAja ke gaNDasthala para de maaraa| hAthI tatkAla apanI sUMDa, pUMcha evaM bar3e-bar3e kAna phaTakAratA humA mur3A aura eka ciMghAr3a ke sAtha tIvragati se hastizAlA kI ora bar3ha gyaa| muruNDarAja ne apanI bahina se kahA - "sahodare ! yahI dharma sarvajJa-dRSTa hai|' tuma apanI AtmA kA uddhAra karanA cAhatI ho to isa jaina sAdhvI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara sakatI ho|" muruNDarAja kI vidhavA bahina ne janazramaNI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| muruNDakAla meM dhArmika kaTutA muruNDa rAja ke samaya deza ke katipaya bhAgoM meM dhArmika kaTutA athavA dhArmika asahiSNutA kisa prakAra para kiye hue thI, isakA paricaya bhI nimnalikhita choTe se AkhyAna se prApta hotA hai| pATaliputra ke muruNDarAja kI puruSapura (pezAvara) ke rAjA ke sAtha pragAr3ha maitrI thii| eka bAra muruNDa ne apanA eka dUta puruSapura ke adhipati ke pAsa bhejaa| vahAM ke videza maMtrI ne usa viziSTa dUta ke lie samucita prAtithya evaM prAvAsa Adi kI vyavasthA kara use dUsare dina puruSapurAdhipa se milane ke samaya ke sambaMdha meM sUcita kiyaa| dUta dUsare dina rAjA se milane hetu atithibhavana se prasthita huaa| una dinoM puruSapura bauddhoM kA kendrasthala banA huA thaa| vaha bauddhabhikSuoM se itanA saMkula thA ki bhavana se bAhara nikalate hI dUta kI dRSTi sarvaprathama eka bauddha bhikSu para pdd'ii| dUta ne ise ghora apazakuna samajhA aura usa dina rAjA se milane kA vicAra chor3akara punaH atithibhavana meM lauTa gyaa| lagAtAra tIna dina taka jaba-jaba bhI dUta rAjA se milane hetu atithigRha se bAhara nikalA, to use pratyeka bAra sarva ' esa dhammo savannu dittttho| [vRhatkalpa bhA0, bhA0 4, pR0 1123] - " sAdhUnAM samIpe bhaginI pravrajyA grahaNAyaM visrjitaa| [vahI, pR0 1124]

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muNDakAla meM dhArmika kaTutA ] dazapUrvara-kAla Arya nAgahastI 5.61 prathama bauddha bhikSu hI dRSTigocara hugrA aura vaha usa tathAkathita apazakuna se trasta ho tatkAla apane kakSa kI ora lauTa par3A / tIna dina bItane para bhI jaba dUta puruSapura ke rAjA kI sevA meM nahIM pahu~cA to videzAmAtya dUta ke pAsa pahu~cA aura usane dUta se rAjA kI sevA meM nahIM pahu~cane kA kAraNa pUchA / sarala hRdaya dUta ne apane mana meM jame vizvAsa ko prakaTa karate hue uttara diyA - "bauddha bhikSu ke darzana se bar3ha kara aura koI anya pa zakuna nahIM / maiM jaba-jaba bhI rAjA kI sevA meM upasthita hone isa bhavana se bAhara nikalA tabhI jisa vyakti para merI sabase pahalI dRSTi par3I, vaha bauddha bhikSu thA / aba Apa hI batAiye isa prakAra ke ghora apazakuna kI avasthA meM maiM rAjadarzana ke lie kaise AtA ?" maMtrI ne dUta ko bAra bAra samajhAyA ki galI ke andara athavA bAhara bauddha bhikSu dRSTigocara ho to usase apazakuna nahIM hotA, para apazakuna kA bhaya dUta ke hRdaya se pUrNa rUpeNa nahIM niklaa| maMtrI ke Agraha para vaha DaratA DaratA rAjA kI sevA meM pahu~cA / matsya purANa, vAyu purANa aura zrImadbhAgavata' Adi meM muruNDa rAjAoM kA puruNDa, paruNDa aura garuNDa nAma se ullekha upalabdha hotA hai ! muruDa loga aphagAnistAna meM kAbula ke Asa-pAsa ke muraNDa pradeza ke rahane vAle the / prAcIna kAla meM muraNDa pradeza ko lambaka ke nAma se bhI pahicAnA jAtA thA / grAjakala usa pradeza ko lamaghAna kahate haiM / " 1 1/2 yugapradhAnAcArya : :- zrArya nAgahastI ke vAcanAcArya kAla meM kramazaH Arya zrIgupta aura vajra aura rakSita ye tIna yugapradhAnAcArya hue / prArya zrIguptaM yuga pradhAnAcArya Arya bhadragupta ke svargagamanAnantara prArya zrIgupta yugapradhAnAcArya hue| ApakA vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / duSSamAkAla zramaraNa-saMgha-stava ke anta meM jo yugapradhAna yantra diyA huA hai, usake anusAra prApake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA tithikrama isa prakAra hai : zrArya zrI gupta kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 448 meM huA / 25 varSa kI yuvAvasthA meM Apane vIra ni0 saM0 483 meM zramaraNa-dharma kI dIkSA graharaNa kI / 50 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM rahate hue Apane tapa, saMyama evaM vinaya dharma kI ' tato'STau yavanA bhAvyAzcaturdaza turuSkakAH / bhUyo daza guruNDAMzca, maunA ekAdazaiva tu // 30 // [ zrImadbhAgavata, skandha 12 0 1 ] 2 muraNDa - muranda, m a country to the north-west of Hindustan (also called Lampaka and now Lamghan in Cabul). guruNDa-murunda .. a king ... dynasty and a people [ mombora momyora DikzanarI ]

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562 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya zrIgupta-yuga pradhA* pArAdhanA ke sAtha sAtha aMga zAstroM evaM daza pUrvo kA adhyayana kiyaa| Apane vIra ni0 saM0 533 se 548 tadanusAra 15 varSa taka yugapradhAnAcArya pada se jina zAsana kI sevA kI aura 100 varSa, 7 mAsa evaM 7 dina kI pUrNAyU kA upabhoga kara vI0 ni0 saM0 548 meM svargArohaNa kiyaa| chaThA nihnava rohagupta pApa hI kA ziSya thaa| chaThA ninhava rohagupta vIra ni0 saM0 544 meM rohagupta se rAzika dRSTi kI utpatti batAI gaI hai / ' bhagavadvacana ke eka deza kA apalApa karane ke kAraNa rohagupta ko nihnava mAnA gayA hai| pairAzika mata kI utpatti ke sambandha meM Avazyaka cUNi meM nimnalikhita ullekha kiyA gayA hai : ___ aMtaraMjikA nagarI ke bAhara bhUtaguhA nAmaka eka caitya thaa| eka samaya vahAM zrIgupta nAmaka prAcArya apane ziSya samUha ke sAtha pdhaare| usa samaya aMtaraMjikA meM rAjA balazrI kA rAjya thaa| prAcArya zrIgupta ke aneka ziSyoM meM se rohagupta nAma kA eka bar3A buddhimAna ziSya thaa| vaha grAmAntara se prAcAryazrI kI sevA meM aMtaraMjikA phuNcaa| mArga meM usane eka parivrAjaka ko dekhA, jo apane peTa para loha kA paTTA bAMdhe aura hAtha meM jAmana kI TahanI liye hae thaa| logoM se pUchane para jJAta huA ki jJAnAdhikya ke kAraNa peTa kahIM phaTa na jAya, isaliye usa saMnyAsI ne apane peTa para loha kA paTTA bAMdha rakhA hai| peTa para lohe kA paTTA rakhane ke kAraNa usakI poTTasAla ke nAma se prasiddhi ho gaI / parivrAjaka apane hAtha meM jambU (jAmuna) kI DAlI ko dhAraNa kiye mAno isa bAta kI ora saMketa kara rahA thA ki samasta jambUdvIpa meM usake sAtha vAda karane vAlA koI prativAdI nahIM hai| zAstrArtha karane ke liye vidvAnoM kA AhvAna karate hue vaha DhiMDhorA piTavA rahA thaa| __ rohagupta ne parivrAjaka dvArA kI gaI ghoSaNA ko sunA aura parivrAjaka ke atizaya garva ko dekha kara DhiMDhorA rokaa| usane kahA- "maiM parivrAjaka ke sAtha zAstrArya kruuNgaa|" * parivrAjaka ke DhiMDhore ko rokane ke pazcAt rohagupta guru kI sevA meM pahuMcA aura vandana-namana ke pazcAt usane prAcArya zrIgupta kI sevA meM nivedana kiyA"bhagavan ! maiMne.poTTasAla parivrAjaka ke sAtha vAda karanA svIkAra kiyA hai / " . prAcArya zrIgupta ne kahA - "parivrAjaka ke sAtha vAda svIkAra kara tumane ucita nahIM kiyaa| parivrAjaka vidyAbalI hai| yadi vaha vAda meM parAjita ho bhI gayA to bhI vaha vidyAmoM ke prayoga se tumheM parAsta karane kA pUrA prayAsa kregaa|" ' paMcasayA poyAlA, taiyA sidimayassa vIrassa / purimaMtaraMjiyAe, terAsiyadidiTha uppanA // 2451 // [vijevAvazyaka bhASya

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chaThA ninhava rohagupta ] dazapUrvaghara - kAla : prArya nAgahastI 563 rohagupta bolA - "aba to vAda karanA svIkAra kara liyA hai ataH aba use kaise parAsta kiyA jAya, yaha batAne kI kRpA kareM / " isa para prAcArya zrIgupta ne siddhamAtra vidyAeM dekara rohagupta ko apanA rajoharaNa bhI diyA aura kahA - "yadi vidyAoM ke uparAnta bhI koI upadrava khar3A ho jAya to rajoharaNa ko ghumA denA / tumheM koI nahIM jIta sakegA / " rohagupta guru dvArA pradatta vidyAeM aura rajoharaNa lekara rAjasabhA meM pahuMcA aura bolA - "parivrAjaka ! apanA pUrvapakSa upasthita karo / " parivrAjaka ne socA ki yaha zramaNa bar3e kuzala hote haiM ataH inhIM ke siddhAnta ko maiM apanI ora se pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta karUM / isa prakAra soca kara vaha bolA - "saMsAra meM do rAziyAM haiM - jIva rAzi aura prajIvarAzi / " rohagupta ne pratipakSa meM kahA - "nahIM rAziyAM tIna hotI haiN| jIva-prajIva aura nojIva / " jIva arthAt cetanA vAle prANI, jIva ghaTapadAdi jar3a padArtha aura nojIva - chipakalI kI kaTI huI pUMcha / " saMsAra meM anya bhI tIna prakAra ke padArtha hote haiM / daMDa ke bhI tIna bhAga hote haiM - prAdi madhya aura anta / loka bhI urdhvaloka, adholoka aura madhyaloka - isa prakAra tIna hote haiM / isaliye yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki rAziyAM do hI hotI haiM / ' isa prakAra thor3I hI dera ke zAstrArtha meM rohagupta ke prabala tarkoM se niruttara hokara parivrAjaka khisiyA gayA aura vaha apanI vidyAoM ke bala se rohagupta ko jItane kA prayAsa karane lgaa| parivrAjaka ne kramazaH vRzcikI, sarpikI, mUzikI kAkI evaM mRgI vidyAnoM kA rohagupta para prayoga kiyaa| rohagupta ne mayUrI, nakulI, mArjArI, vyAghrI aura ulUkI vidyAnoM ke prayoga dvArA parivrAjaka kI una sabhI vidyAnoM ko prabhAvahIna banA diyA / vidyAbala ke prayoga meM bhI rohagupta se parAjita ho jAne para parivrAjaka baukhalA uThA / usane anta meM apane antima astra ke rUpa meM surakSita gardabhI vidyA kA rohagupta para prayoga kiyaa| rohaMgupta ke pAsa use nirasta karane vAlI koI vidyA nahIM thI ataH usane guru dvArA pradatta rajoharaNa ke mAdhyama se gardabhI vidyA hi prabhAvahIna banA parivrAjaka ko parAjita kara diyaa| rohagupta ko vijayI aura parivrAjaka ko parAjita ghoSita rAjA aura sabhyoM dvArA kiyA gayA / parivrAjaka ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt rohagupta apane guru kI sevA meM loTA aura usane apanI vijaya kI sArI ghaTanA unheM kaha sunAI / tIna rAziyoM kI prarUpaNA kI bAta sunakara prAcArya zrIgupta ne kahA" vatsa ! utsUtra prarUparagA kara vijaya prApta karanA ucita nahIM / sabhA se uThate hI tumheM yaha spaSTIkaraNa kara denA cAhiye thA ki hamAre siddhAnta meM tIna rAziyAM nahIM haiN| maiMne to kevala vAdI kI buddhi ko parAbhUta karane ke liye hI tIna rAziyoM -

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [chaThA ninhava rohagupta kI prarUpaNA kI hai| vastutaH rAziyAM do hI haiN| jIvarAzi aura ajIva rAzi / aba bhI samaya hai, tuma tatkAla rAjasabhA meM jAkara satyavrata kI rakSA ke liye spaSTIkaraNa ke sAtha vAstavika sthiti rakha do|" : guru kI AjJA ko anasunI kara rohagupta rAjasabhA meM jAne ke liye udyata nahIM huaa| vaha mauna dhAraNa kiye apane sthAna para baiThA rhaa| jaba prAcArya zrIgupta ne rAjasabhA meM jAne ke liye use bAra bAra bala diyA to vaha unase vAda karane ko udyata ho gyaa| usane apanI bAta ko sahI pramANita karane kA prayAsa karate hue kahA - "maiMne tIna rAziyoM kI bAta kaha dI to isameM mujhe kaunasA doSa laga gayA? rAziyAM tIna haiM hii|" rohagupta ko apane sAtha vAda karate dekha prAcArya zrIgupta ne rAjakula meM jAkara kahA - "rAjan ! mere ziSya rohagupta ne jo ApakI rAjasabhA meM tIna rAziyoM kI prarUpaNA kI hai, vaha vAstava meM siddhAntaviruddha hai| siddhAnta meM vastutaH do hI rAziyAM mAnI gaI haiN| Apa hama donoM ke bIca hone vAle vAda-prativAda ko sunakara satya kA nirNaya kreN| rAjA dvArA svIkRti pradAna kiye jAne ke pazcAt gurU ziSya ke bIca vAdavivAda prArambha huA aura nirantara 6 mAsa taka calatA rahA / anta meM rAjA balazrI ne prAcAryazrI se nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! rAjyakArya meM bar3A vikSepa ho rahA hai / ataH vAda ko aba zIghra samApta karane kI kRpA kreN|" balazrI ko Azvasta karate hue prAcArya zrIgupta ne kahA- "rAjan ! kala vAda-vivAda samApta ho jaaygaa|" dUsare dina prAcArya zrIgupta ne 6 mahinoM se cale pA rahe zAstrArtha ko nirNAyaka sthiti meM lAne kA upakrama karate hue rAjasabhA ke samakSa rAjA se kahA"rAjan ! kutrikApaNa meM saMsAra bhara ke saba dravya (padArtha) upalabdha hote haiN| Apa vahAM se jIva, ajIva aura nojIva ina tInoM dravyoM ko mNgvaaiye|" rAjA dvArA tatkAla rAjyAdhikAriyoM ko kRtrikApaNa para bhejA gyaa| vahAM jIva aura ajIva kI to upalabdhi ho gaI para nojIva mAMgane para koI vastu nahIM milii| rAjA ne apanA nirNaya sunAte hae kahA - "kutrikApaNa para saMsAra ke sabhI dravya mila jAte haiN| vahAM para jIva aura ajIva mila gaye, nojIva nAmaka dravya nahIM milaa| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki saMsAra meM jIva aura ajIva ye do hI rAziyAM haiM. nojIva nAma kI tIsarI koI rAzi nhiiN| aisI sthiti meM prAcArya zrIgupta ko vAda meM vijayI ghoSita kiyA jAtA hai aura unake duvinIta ziSya rohagupta ko parAjita / " rAjA ne rohagupta ko apane deza se nirvAsita bhI kara diyaa|' 'vAe parAjimo so, nivyisamo kArimo narideNa / / ghosAviyaM ca nayare, jayai jiyo badamANotti / / 2506. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya

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chaThA ninhava rohagupta] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya nAgahastI __prAcArya zrIgupta ne bhI durAgrahI samajha kara rohagupta ko zramaNasaMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyaa| zAstrajJAna tathA aneka vidyAmoM meM niSNAta, jJAna aura pratibhA donoM hI kA dhanI rohagupta mithyAbhiniveza ke vazIbhUta hokara mithyAtvI ho gyaa| isase pramANita ho jAtA hai ki mithyAbhiniveza vastutaH mahAn anarthoM kA mUla hai / mithyAbhiniveza ke vazIbhUta vyakti varSoM se arjita jJAna, samyaktva, gurubhakti prAdi ko tilAMjali dekara apanI prAtmA kA ghora patana kara baiThatA hai| jaina sAhitya mora itihAsa ke anusAra yahI rohagupta vaizeSika darzana kA praraNyanakartA mAnA gayA hai| rohagupta kA paulukya gotra hone ke kAraNa isake dvArA praNIta vaizeSika darzana ko paulukya darzana tathA chaH dravyoM kA upadeza karane ke kAraNa paDolukya darzana ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM kauzika gotrIya SaDulUka rohagupta ko prArya mahAgiri kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| prArya mahAgiri kA prAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 215 se 245 taka mAnA gayA hai aura rohagupta dvArA rAzika darzana kA pravartana vIra ni0 saM0 544 meM kiyA gyaa| aisI sthiti meM rohagupta ko Arya mahAgiri kA sAkSAt ziSya kisI bhI dazA meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki vI. ni. saM. 245 meM svargastha hue prArya mahAgiri ke sAkSAt ziSya kA unase 326 varSa pazcAt vidyamAna rahanA saMbhava nhiiN| vastutaH rohagupta yugapradhAnAcArya zrIgupta ke sAkSAt ziSya the| Arya zrIgupta vAstava meM prArya mahAgiri kI paramparA meM hue athavA kisI anya paramparA meM- isa prakAra kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke isa ullekha se ki rohagupta mahAgiri ke ziSya the, itanA to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yugapradhAnAcArya zrIgupta mArya mahAgiri kI mUla paramparA se nikalI kisI zAkhA meM hue haiN| ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki rohagupta zrIgupta kA sAkSAt ziSya aura Arya mahAgiri kI paramparA ke antargata ziSyAnaziSya santati kA eka zramaNa thA / kalpa sthavirAvalI ke etadviSayaka pATha kA abhiprAya bhI yahI honA caahie| lipikAra ke doSa. athavA vAstavika pATha ke vismRti ke garbha meM tirohita ho jAne ke kAraNa hI kalpasthavirAvalI meM rohagupta ko prArya mahAgiri kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| 'nAmeNa rohagutto, gutteNa 5 lappae sa coluumo|| davAi chappayatyo- vaesaraNAmo chalUmotti // 2508 [vahI] 'therassa. NaM prajjamahAgirissa elAvaccasaguttassa ime aTTha therA aMtevAsI prahAvaccA abhiNNAyA hotthaa| taMjahA - there uttare.... there chalue rohagutte kosiya gutteNaM / therehito paM chaluehito raNaM rohaguttehito terAsiyA sAhA niggyaa|

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566 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga prArya vanasvAmI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM hue prabhAvaka prAcAryoM meM mArya vacasvAmI kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| Apake jIvana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki Apako apane janma ke tatkAla pazcAt hI jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gayA aura apane janma ke prathama dina se hI Apa saMsAra se pUrNarUpeNa virakta evaM vairAgya bhAvanAoM se prota-prota ho jIvanaparyaMta aharniza sva-para kalyANa meM nirata rhe| __ Arya vajrasvAmI ke pitAmaha zreSThI dhana avantI pradeza ke tumbavana nAmaka nagara ke nivAsI the| unakI gaNanA avantI rAjya ke pratisamRddha, pratiSThita evaM pramukha zreSThiyoM meM kI jAtI thii| dAnazIlatA, dayAlutA evaM udAratA Adi guNoM ke kAraNa zreSThI dhana kA yaza usa samaya AryadharA meM dUra-dUra taka phailA huA thaa| zreSThI dhana ke dhanagiri nAmaka eka mAtra putra thA jo bar3A tejasvI, sukumAra, saumya aura sundara thaa| zreSThiputra dhanagiri bAlyAvasthA se hI aihika AkarSaNoM ke prati udAsIna aura apanI avasthA ke ananurUpa. sadA dhArmika vicAroM meM hI nimagna rahatA thaa| saMbhavataH Arya dhanagiri ke yuvA hone se pUrva hI zreSThI dhana kA dehAvasAna ho cukA thaa| una dinoM tumbavana nagara meM dhanapAla nAmaka eka vyApArI rahatA thA, jo vipula vaibhava tathA atula sampatti kA svAmI thaa| zreSThI dhanapAla ke samita nAmaka eka putra aura sunandA nAma kI eka sarvaguNa-sampannA parama rUpa-lAvaNyavatI putrI thii| zreSThiputra samita ne Arya siMhagiri ke upadeza se prabuddha ho pUrNa taruNAvasthA meM hI apane paitRka amita vaibhava kA parityAga kara utkRSTa vairAgya ke sAtha Arya siMhagiri ke pAsa dhamaNa-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| udhara java sunandA kizorAvasthA ke kagAra para pahuMcI to dhanapAla ko apanI kanyA ke yogya vara DhUMDhane kI cintA huii| apane samAna kula, zIla evaM dhanasampanna zreSThI dhana ke putra dhanagiri ko apanI putrI ke liye yogya samajha kara dhanapAla ne usake samakSa sunandA se pANigrahaNa karane kA prastAva rkhaa| sAMsArika bhogoM se nispRha dhanagiri ne ati vinamra zabdoM meM eka prakAra se dhanapAla ke prastAva ko asvIkAra karate hue prazna kiyA- "kyA bhavasAgara kI bhayAvahatA se bhalIbhAMti paricita Apa jaise svajanahitaiSI mahAnubhAvoM dvArA apane kisI priyajana ko bhava-pAza meM prAbaddha karanA ucita kahA jA sakatA hai ?" dhanapAla ne atizaya snehasikta svara meM aneka yuktiyoM evaM dRSTAntoM se dhanagiri ko samajhAte hue kahA- "saumya ! bhavArNava se asaMkhya bhavyoM kA samuddhAra karane vAle bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne bhI RNa cukAne ke samAna bhogoM kA upabhoga karane ke pazcAt tyAgamArga ko aMgIkAra kara sva tathA para kA kalyANa kiyA thaa| prataH tumheM bhI merI bAta ko svIkAra kara lenA caahiye|"

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mArya vajasvAmI] . dazapUrvapara-kAla : pAyaM nAgahastI bhogoM ke prati anicchA hote hue bhI dhanapAla ke pratyadhika premapUrNa prAgraha ke samakSa dhanagiri ko jhukanA pdd'aa| antatogatvA eka dina zubha muhUrta meM sunandA ke sAtha dhanagiri kA vivAha bar3I dhUmadhAma aura harSollAsa ke sAtha sampanna ho gyaa| navadampati sahaja-sulabha sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM kA maryAdApUrvaka upabhoga karane lge| kucha hI dinoM pazcAt sunandA ke garbha meM eka bhAgyazAlI jIva avatarita huaa| . garbhasUcaka zubha-svapna se dhanagiri aura sunandA ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki unheM pratyanta saubhAgyazAlI putraratna kI prApti hogii| garbha kI abhivRddhi ke sAthasAtha sunandA ke harSa kI bhI abhivRddhi hone lgii| AzA ke atisundara mAnasarovara meM usakA manamarAla hiloroM ke sAtha paThakheliyAM karane lgaa| vaha grahaniza anirvacanIya prAnanda kA anubhava karatI huI paramapramudita mudrA meM rahane lgii| _ "jJAte tattve kaH saMsAraH" - isa ukti ke anusAra jJAtatattvA virakta dhanagiri ke mana meM sAMsArika bhogoM ke prati kisI prakAra kA prAkarSaNa pravaziSTa nahIM rhaa| ve ghara parivAra, aura vaibhava mAdi ko pragAr3ha bandhana evaM prapaMcatulya samajhate the| . unhoMne prAtmakalyANa ke liye upayukta avasara samA kara apanI patnI kI prasanna mudrA se lAbha uThAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| . dhanagiri ne eka dina sunandA se kahA- "sarale ! tumheM yaha vidita hI hai ki maiM sApanApatha kA pathika bana kara prAtmahita-sAdhana karanA cAhatA hai| saubhAgya se tumheM apanA jIvana yApana karane ke liye zIghra hI putra kA pravalambana prApta hone vAlA hai| aba maiM pravajita ho bhAtmakalyAraNa karanA cAhatA hai| tumhAre jaisI prArya sannAriyAM apane dayita ke abhyutthAna-mArga meM kisI prakAra kA avaroSa upasthita karanA ucita nahIM smjhtiiN| ve apane priyatama ke abhISTa patha ko prazasta banAne hetu mahAn se mahAna tyAga karane ke liye sadA saharSa kaTibaddha rahatI haiM / ataH tuma mere AtmasAdhanA ke mArga meM sahAyaka bana kara mujhe pravajita hone kI anumati pradAna kro| yahI merI hArdika icchA hai|" prArya dhanagiri ke antastalasparzI udgAroM se sunandA kA suSupta prArya-nArItva apane sanAtana svarUpa meM sahasA jAgRta ho utthaa| usane zAnta, manda para sudRr3ha svara meM kahA:-"prANAdhAra ! bhApa saharSa apanA paramArtha siddha kiijiye| maiM Apake dvArA diye hue sambala ke sahAre AryanArI ke anurUpa gauravamaya jIvana vyatIta kara luuNgii|" 'prAcArya prabhAcandra ne prabhAvaka caritra meM ullekha kiyA hai ki gautamasvAmI dvArA praSTApada parvata para pratibodhita sAmAnika vaizramaNa deva devAyu pUrNa hone para sunandA ke garbha meM utpanna humA / vahI janma grahaNa karane ke pazcAt vajasvAmI ke nAma se vikhyAta humA / yathA:- sa vaizramaNajAtIyasAmAnika suro'nydaa| aSTApadAdrizRMge yaH pratyaboSIndrabhUtinA / / 42 // sunandAkukSisAreyAvatIrNa: svAyuSaH aaye| [prabhAvaka paritra

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [mArya vajrasvAmI sunandA se anumati prApta kara dhanagiri tatkAla ghara se nikala par3e / usa samaya saMyogavaza Arya siMhagiri tumbavana meM padhAre hue the / dhanagiri ne zrAcArya siMhagiri kI sevA meM upasthita ho nigraMtha pravrajyA graharaNa kI zrIra gurucaraNoM meM zrAgamoM kA adhyayana karane ke sAtha-sAtha kaThora tapazcaraNa evaM saMyama sAdhanA karane lage / zrAryaM dhanagiri vairAgya ke raMga meM itane gahare raMga gaye the ki unhoMne kabhI kSaraNa bhara ke liye bhI apanI patnI kA smaraNa taka nahIM kiyA / 568 sunandA ne garbhakAla pUrNa hone para vIra nirvANa saMvat 466 meM eka paramatejasvI putra ko janma diyA / sunandA dvArA putra ko janma diye jAne ke samAcAra jisa kisI ne sune, usane bar3I prasannatA prakaTa kI / parivAra kI striyoM aura sunandA kI sakhiyoM ne bar3e harSollAsa se putra kA janmotsava mnaayaa| usa zrAnanda ke avasara para kisI ne kahA- "yadi isa bAlaka ke pitA dhanagiri pravrajita na hue hote to Aja isakA janmotsava aura bhI adhika harSollAsa ke sAtha manAyA jAtA / " uparokta vAkya ke karNarandhroM meM par3ate hI pUrvajanma ke saMskAroM se bAlaka ko jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gayA / navajAta zizu ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA - "aho ! mere pitA bar3e puNyazAlI haiM ki unhoMne zramaNatva svIkAra kara liyA / mujhe bhI kAlAntara meM yathAzIghra saMyama grahaNa karanA hai, kyoMki saMyama ke paripAlana se hI merA bhavasAgara se uddhAra ho sakatA hai| usakI mAtA kA usake prati putrasneha pragAr3ha na bane aura usake vyavahAra se pIr3ita ho mAtA usakA zIghra hI parityAga kara de, isake liye rudana ko hI zIghra phaladAyI samajha kara bAlaka ne tatkAla rudana karanA prArambha kiyaa| bAlaka ko rudana se uparata karAne hetu sunandA ne, sunandA kI sakhiyoM ne aura sabhI bar3I, bUr3hI, sayAnI striyoM ne sabhI prakAra ke upAya kara liye kintu bAlaka kA rudana nirantara calatA rahA / apane putra ke anavarata krandana se sunandA bar3I dukhita rahane lgii| use na rAtri meM kSaNabhara ke liye caina thA na dina meM / vaha bAra-bAra dIrgha nizvAsa chor3a kara kahatI - " putra ! yoM to tU bar3A nayanAbhirAma hai, tujhe dekha-dekha kara merI A~kheM prApyAyita ho jAtI haiM para terA yaha aharniza krandana bar3A klezaprada lagatA hai| yaha mere hRdaya meM zUla kI taraha cubhatA hai / isa prakAra yena kena prakAreNa sunandA ne 6 mAsa chaH varSoM ke samAna vyatIta kiye| saMyogavaza usa samaya prArya siMhagiri kA tumbavana meM punaH padArpaNa huA / madhukarI kI velA meM jisa samaya prArya dhanagiri madhukarI hetu apane guru se AjJA prApta kara prasthAna karane lage, usa samaya kisI pakSivizeSa ke rava ko suna kara nimittajJa Arya siMhagiri ne apane ziSya dhanagiri ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahA " vatsa ! grAMja tumheM bhikSA meM sacitta, pracitta grathavA mizrita jo bhI vastu mile. use binA kisI prakAra kA vicAra kiye tuma grahaNa kara lenA / " -

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pAyaM vanasvAmI] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prAyaM nAgahastI 566 "yathAjJApayati deva" kaha kara Arya dhanagiri prArya samita ke sAtha bhikSArtha bhramaNa karate hue sarvaprathama sunandA ke ghara pahu~ce / Arya dhanagiri aura.samita ko sunandA ke ghara meM bhikSArtha praveza karate dekha kara sunandA kI aneka sakhiyAM tatkAla sunandA ke pAsa pahuMcI aura usase kahane lagIM- "sunande ! tuma apanA yaha putra dhanagiri ko de do|" sunandA apane putra ke kabhI banda na hone vAle rudana se dukhita to thI hii| usane apanI sakhiyoM kI bAta suna kara tatkAla putra ko donoM hAthoM meM uThA kara dhanagiri ko vandana karate hue kahA - "Apake isa putra ke pratipala krandana se maiM to bar3I dukhita ho cukI hU~ / kRpayA Apa ise le lIjiye aura apane pAsa hI rkhiye| yadi yaha Apake pAsa raha kara sukhI rahatA hai to usase bhI mujhe sukhAnubhUti hI hogii|" Arya dhanagiri ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA- "zrAvike! maiM isa ko lene ke liye taiyAra hai kintu striyoM kI bAta kA koI vizvAsa nahIM / paMgu vyakti kI taraha unakI bAta Age calatI nahIM / kAlAntara meM kisI prakAra kA vivAda upasthita na ho jAya, isa dRSTi se tuma aneka vyaktiyoM ko sAkSI banAte hue unake samakSa yaha pratijJA karo ki bhaviSya meM tuma kabhI apane putra ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI koI bAta nahIM khogii|" sunandA ne atIva khinna svara meM kahA - "eka to ye Arya samita (saMsAra pakSa se sunandA ke sahodara) mere sAkSI haiM aura inake atirikta merI ye sabhI saheliyAM sAkSI haiN| ina sabako sAkSI banAkara maiM svIkAra karatI hai ki isa kSaNa ke pazcAt maiM apane isa putra ke sambandha meM kabhI koI bAta nahIM khuuNgii|" tadanantara sunandA ne apane putra ko muni dhanagirI ke pAtra meM rakha diyaa| bAlaka ne tatkAla parama santoSa kA anubhava karate hue rudana banda kara diyaa| muni dhanagiri ne jholI ke vastra meM sudRr3ha gAMTheM lagAI aura dakSiNa hasta se dRr3hatApUrvaka pAtrabandha ko thAme hae ve sunandA ke ghara se usa sthAna kI ora prasthita hae jahAM Arya siMhagiri virAjamAna the / sunandA ke gRhAMgaNa se nikala kara upAzraya pahuMcate pahu~cate muni kI bhujA usa zizu ke bhAra se bhagna sI hone lgii| ve usa bhAra ko uThAye kisI taraha apane guru ke samakSa phuNce| bhAra se eka ora adhika jhuke hue dhanagiri ko dUra se hI dekha kara Arya siMhagiri apane ziSya ke sammukha pAye aura dhanagiri ke hAtha se unhoMne vaha jholIbandha apane hAtha meM le liyaa| jholIbandha ko hAtha meM lete hI prAryasiMha giri ne dhanagiri se Azcarya bhare svara meM pUchA"mune ! tuma yaha vajra ke samAna atyanta bhArayukta prAja kyA le pAye ho ? yaha to mere hAthoM kI pakar3a se bhI khisakA jA rahA hai|" yaha kahate hue Arya siMhagiri ne apane prAsana para pAtra ko rakhA aura jholI ko kholakara dekhaa| pAtra meM candramA ke samAna kAntimAna paramatejasvI bAlaka ko dekhakara mArya siMhagiri ne usa bAlaka

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga pAya vaja kA nAma vaja rakhA aura kahA - "yaha bAlaka pravacana kA prAdhAra hogA, isakA saMrakSaNa kiyA jaab|" prAcArya siMhagiri ne sAdhviyoM ke upAzraya meM zayyAtarI kI dekharekha meM bAlaka vaja ko samhalA diyA aura svayaM vahAM se kisI anya kSetra ke lie vihAra kara gye| zayyAtarI bAvikA apane bAlakoM ko samhAlane se pahale bAlaka vajra ke dugdhapAna, snAnamardana mAdi kA pUrA dhyAna rakhatI bhaura dinabhara upAzraya meM rakhakara rAtri meM apane ghara se paatii| bAlaka bhI mala-mUtra kI zaMkA hone para mukhAkRti athavA rudana se zayyAtarI ko saceta kara detA aura unheM kaSTa nahIM hone detaa| bAlaka kI isa badalI huI sthiti aura zayyAtarI zrAvikA dvArA bar3I lagana ke sAtha kI gaI. sevAzuzrUSA ke kAraNa usake hRSTa-puSTa hone kI bAta sunakara sunandA apane putra ko dekhane ke lie eka dina upAzraya meM prA phuNcii| apane sundara evaM svastha putra ko prasanna mudrA meM dekhakara sunandA ke hRdaya meM mAtRsneha udvelita sAgara kI taraha umar3a pdd'aa| usane zayyAtarI se apane putra ko lauTAne kA prAgraha kiyA kintu zayyAtarI ne denA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| sunandA snehavaza bAlaka vaja ko yathAsamaya pAkara stanapAna karA jaatii| isa taraha bAlaka vaja 3 varSa kA ho gyaa| vaha jAti-smaraNa jJAna ke kAraNa prastuta mAhAra hI grahaNa karatA aura sAdhviyoM ke mukha se zAstroM ke zravaNa meM bar3I ruci rkhtaa| kAlAntara meM prArya siMhagiri aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue apane ziSyoM sahita tumbavana meM pdhaare| sunandA ne mArya dhanagiri ke pAsa pahuMca kara unase apanA putra loTAne kI prArthanA kii| prArya dhanagiri ne sunandA ko sAdhvAcAra ke sambandha meM samajhAte hue kahA - "zrAvike! hama sAdhu loga sAdhu-kalpa ke anusAra jisa prakAra eka bAra grahaNa kI huI vastra-pAtrAdi vastu ko lauTA nahIM sakate, ThIka usI prakAra eka bAra grahaNa kiye hue bAlaka vaja ko bhI tumheM nahIM lauTA sakate / tuma to svayaM dharmajJA ho, prataH eka bAra svIkAra kI huI bAta se mukarane jaisA manucita kArya tumheM zobhA nahIM detaa| tumane mArya samita aura apanI sakhiyoM ko sAkSI banA kara bAlaka vaja ko hameM dete hue kahA thA- 'yaha bAlaka meM Apako detI hUM, aba maiM kabhI isa bAlaka ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI bAta nahIM kruuNgii|' prataH aba tumheM apanI usa pratijJA kA samyak prakAra se pAlana karanA caahiye|" Arya dhanagiri dvArA aneka prakAra se samajhAne - bujhAne para bhI sunandA ne jaba apanA pravicArapUrNa haTha nahIM chor3A to saMgha ke pramukha sadasyoM ne bhI use samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu isa para bhI sunandA ne haThAgraha nahIM chor3A aura usane rAjadvAra meM upasthita ho rAjA ke samakSa apanI mAMga rakhate hue nyAya kI prArthanA kii|

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zrAryaM vajrasvAmI ] dazapUrvaghara - kAla : zrAryaM nAgahastI 571 nyAyAdhikAriyoM ne donoM pakSoM se pUrNa jAnakArI kI aura isa jaTila mAmale ko nirNaya ke liye rAjA ke samakSa rkhaa| donoM pakSoM ke mukha se kramaza: vAlaka ko dene aura lene kI svIkArokti suna kara rAjA sahita nyAyAdhIza bar3e asamaMjasa meM par3a gaye ki eka ora to mAtA apane putra ko prApta karane kI mAMga kara rahI hai / dUsarI ora svayaM sunandA dvArA svecchA se apanA putra usa muni ko diyA jA cukA hai, jo usa putra kA janaka aura sunandA kA pati rahA hai / sAdhu ko diye jAne ke kAraNa vaha bAlaka saMgha kA ho cukaa| saMgha vastutaH sarvopari hai kyoMki tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI saMgha ko sammAna diyA hai / antatogatvA bahuta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt rAjA ne yaha nirNaya diyA ki yaha bAlaka donoM pakSoM meM se jisa pakSa ke pAsa svecchA se calA jAyagA, usa hI ke pAsa rahegA / rAjAjJA ke anusAra prathama avasara mAtA ko diyA gyaa| sunandA ne bAlakoM Date apanI prAkarSita kara lene vAle aneka prakAra ke sundara evaM manohara khilaune, bAlakoM ko atyanta priya miSTAnna Adi bAlaka vajra kI ora prastuta karate hue use apane pAsa bulAne ke lie aneka bAra madhura sambodhanoM evaM karataladhvani ke sAtha karayugala prasAraNa Adi se usakA AhvAna kiyaa| para saba vyartha / eka prabuddhacetA yogI kI taraha vaha pralobhanoM kI ora kiMcitmAtra bhI AkRSTa nahIM huaa| vaha apane sthAna se usa se masa taka nahIM huA / tadanantara rAjA ne bAlaka ke pitA muni dhanagiri ko avasara diyA / cArya ghanagiri ne apanA rajoharaNa bAlaka vajra kI ora uThAte hue kahA :- " vatsa ! yadi tuma tatvajJa aura saMyama grahaNa karane ke icchuka ho, to apanI karma-raja ko jhAr3a pheMkane ke lie yaha rajohararaNa le lo / "" Arya dhanagiri apanA vAkya pUrA bhI nahIM kara pAye the ki bAlaka vajra apane sthAna se uchala kara unakI goda meM A baiThA aura unake hAtha se rajoharaNa lekara use caMvara kI taraha ThulAne lagA / samasta pariSad yaha dekhakara kSaraNa bhara ke lie stabdha raha gaI / dharma ke jayaghoSoM se gaganacumbI rAjaprAsAda gUMja uThA / "bAlaka vajra saMgha ke pAsa hI rahegA" - yaha rAjAjJA sunAte hue rAjA ne sAdhugroM evaM saMgha ke prati bhAvabharA sammAna prakaTa kiyaa| tadanantara saba apane-apane sthAna ko lauTa gaye / sunandA mana hI mana vicAra karane lagI- "mere sahodara zrArya samita dIkSita ho gaye, mere patideva bhI dIkSita ho gaye aura putra bhI dIkSita ke samAna hI / aisI dazA meM mujhe bhI zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita ho jAnA cAhiye / " paryApta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt usane dIkSA grahaNa karane kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyA aura 1 jadda sikayavvavasAto dhammajjhayabhUsiyaM imaM vaira / gevha lahaM rayaharaNaM, kammarayapamajjaNaM dhIra // [ prAvazya malayavRtti, upodghAta, pR0 387]

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572 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya vacasvAmI sAdhviyoM kI sevA meM pahu~ca kara usane zramaNI-dharma kI dIkSA svIkAra kii| usa samaya taka bAlaka vajra 3 varSa ke ho cuke the| jyoM hI vAlaka vajra pATha varSa kI Ayu kA huaA tyoM hI prArya siMhagiri ne sAdhviyoM ke sAnnidhya se haTAkara use zramaNa-dIkSA pradAna kI aura apane pAsa rakhanA prArambha kara diyaa| usa samaya taka bAlaka vajra ne sAdhviyoM ke mukha se suna-suna kara ekAdaza aGga prAyaH kaNThastha kara lie the| apane ziSyaparivAra sahita aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue kAlAntara meM Arya siMhagiri eka dina eka parvata ke pAsa phuNce| muni vajra kI parIkSA lene ke abhiprAya se vahAM unake pUrvabhava ke mitra jUMbhaka devoM ne apanI vaikriyazakti se ghora garjana karatI huI ghanaghora meghaghaTA kI racanA kii| varSA ke AsAra dekhakara prArya siMhagiri ne apane ziSyoM sahita usa parvata kI eka guphA meM praveza kiyaa| unake guphA meM pahuMcate-pahuMcate bAdaloM kI gar3agar3AhaTa aura bijalI kI camaka ke sAtha musaladhAra varSA hone lgii| thor3I hI dera meM cAroM pora jalabimba hI jalabimva dRSTigocara hone lagA / varSA banda na hone ke lakSaNa dekhakara saba sAdhuoM ne upavAsa kA vrata grahaNa kara liyA aura parama santoSa ke sAtha ve AtmaciMtana meM nirata ho gye| sAyaMkAla hote-hote varSA banda huI ataH Arya siMhagiri ne apane ziSyoM sahita rAtri usI girikandarA meM vyatIta kii| dUsare dina madhyAhnavelA meM Arya vajra muni apane guru se AjJA prApta kara bhikSArtha vasati kI ora prasthita hue| thor3I dUra jAne para muni vajra ne eka choTI sI sundara vasati dekhI aura unhoMne bhikSArtha eka ghara meM praveza kiyaa| usa gRha meM atyanta saumya prAkRti ke katipaya bhadra puruSoM ne muni vajra ko namaskAra kiyA aura ve unheM kuSmANDapAka bhikSA meM dene hetu samudyata hue| laghuvaya hote hue bhI vicakSaNa vajramuni ne dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hue mana hI mana socA ki dravya-kUSmANDapAka, kSetra-mAlava pradeza, kAla-grISmakAla aura bhAva kI dRSTi se amlAna-kusumamAlAdhArI divya dAnakartA, jinake paira halanacalana grAdi kriyA karate samaya pRthvItala kA sparza taka nahIM karate- aisI dazA meM nizcitarUpeNa ye loga manuSya nahIM apitu deva hone caahiye| devatAoM dvArA diyA gayA dAna sAdhu ke lie kisI bhI dazA meM kalpanIya nahIM mAnA gayA hai| , tAhe aTuvAsayo saMjatipaDissatAno nikAliyo tAhe ujjeriNa gto| [Avazyaka cUriNa, prathama bhAga, pR0 362] (ka) prAcArya prabhAcandra ne apane "prabhAvaka caritra" meM likhA hai ki prAyasiMhagiri ne vajrasvAmI ko jaba ve tIna varSa kI Ayu ke the, uma hI mamaya dIkSita kara liyaa| yathA : trivArSiko'pi na stanyaM, papo vajro vratecchayA / / dIkSitvA gurubhistena tatra muktaH samAtRka: / / 12 / / athASTadApikaM vajra,kRSTvA sAdhvIpratizrayAt / zrI siMha girayo'nyatra, vijaha saparicchadAH / / 3 / / [prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 5]

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prAyava 573 dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya nAgahastI isa prakAra jaba unheM yaha nizcaya ho gayA ki dI jAne vAlI bhikSA vastutaH sadoSa hai, to muni vajra ne asvIkRtisUcaka sasmita svara meM una mAnavaveSadhArI devoM se kahA - "dhusado! yaha kUSmANDapAka devapiNDa hone ke kAraNa zramaNoM ke lie agrAhya hai|" vajramuni ke vilakSaNa buddhikauzala ko dekhakara ve jaMbhakadeva bar3e cakita evaM prasanna hue| unhoMne apane vAstavika svarUpa meM prakaTa hokara vajramuni ko bhaktipUrvaka vandana kiyA aura unake vizuddha zramaNAcAra ke lie unakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue ve apane sthAna ko lauTa gaye / kAlAntara meM unhIM jaMbhaka devoM ne eka bAra punaH vajramUni kI parIkSA lene kI tthaanii| eka dina grISmakAlIna madhyAhna kI cilacilAtI dhUpa meM vajramuni bhikSATana kara rahe the| parIkSA ke lie upayukta avasara samajha kara jaMbhaka devoM ne apanI vaikriyazakti se sadgRhasthoM kA rUpa banA kara devamAyA dvArA racita apane ghara se vajramUni ko bhikSA grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kii| vajramuni ne bhikSArtha ghara meM praveza kiyaa| gRhasthaveSadhara muMbhakoM ne miSTAnna (phainiyoM) se bharA thAla muni ke samakSa prastuta karate hue unheM grahaNa karane kI abhyarthanA kii| zaratkAla meM banAye jAne vAle miSTAnna ko madhya-grISmartu meM dekha kara vajramuni ne dIyamAna vastu tathA dAtA Adi ke sambandha meM bar3I bArIkI se samIcIna rUpeNa paryavekSaNa kiyA aura usa bhikSA ko devapiNDa batAte hue asvIkAra kara diyaa| vajramuni kI vizuddha prAcAraniSThA evaM bhikSAnna kI pUrNa gaveSaNA se prasanna hokara unhoMne vajramani ko AkAzagAminI - vidyA pradAna kii| Avazyaka niyukti meM mahAparIkSA adhyayana se bhI prArya vajra dvArA prAkAzagAminI vidyA prApta karanA batAyA gayA hai / Arya vajra bAlyakAla se hI bar3e jJAna rasika aura sevAvRtti vAle the| ve alpa samaya meM hI apane zama, dama, vinaya aura guNagrAhakatA Adi aMnupama guNoM ke kAraNa gurudeva aura anya sabhI zramaNoM ke premapAtra bana gaye / gurudeva ke pAsa unhoMne aGga zAstra ke jJAna ko pUrNa kara unake gUDha rahasyoM ko hRdayaMgama kiyaa| pArya vajra kI pratimA aura vinayazIlatA uparivariNata ghaTanA ke dUsare hI dina jaba prArya siMhagiri zaucanivRttyartha jaMgala kI ora evaM anya sabhI sAdhu gocarI athavA anya Avazyaka kAryoM ke lie upAzrayasthala se bAhara gaye hue the, usa samaya ekAnta pAkara vajramUni ke mana meM bAlasulabha cApalya prAdurbhUta huaa| unhoMne sabhI sAdhuoM ke viTanoM (vastroM) ko maMDalAkAra meM rakhA aura unake madhya bhAga meM baiTha kara kramazaH aMga aura pUrvo kI vAcanA dene lge| dhArApravAha ghanaravagambhIra svara meM prArya vajra dvArA zAstroM kI vAcanA kA krama cala rahA thA, ThIka usI samaya Arya siMhagiri jaMgala se lauTe / Arya vajra kI dhvani ko pahicAna kara Arya siMhagiri dvAra ke pAsa dIvAra kI prott| meM khar3e raha gaye / bAlaka muni ke mukha se zAstra ke eka-eka sUtra kA atIva spaSTa

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574 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya kya kI pratibhA evaM sundara vivecana sunakara AryasiMhagiri harSavibhora ho gadgad ho utthe| paramAnanda kI anubhUti ke sAtha unake hRdaya meM sahasA isa prakAra ke udgAra udbhUta hue "dhanya hai bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha zAsana, dhanya hai yaha gaccha, jisameM isa prakAra . kA alaukika zizumuni vidyamAna hai|" bAlaka-muni kahIM hataprabha athavA lajjita na ho jAyaM isa dRSTi se Arya siMhagiri ne ucca svara se AgamanasUcaka "nissihI-nissihI" zabda kA uccAraNa kiyaa| apane guru kA svara pahicAnate hI vajramuni ko lajjAmizrita bhaya kA anubhava huA / unhoMne zIghratApUrvaka sAdhuoM ke viTaNoM ko yathAsthAna rakhA aura ve adhomukha kiye hue guru ke sammukha phuNce| Arya vajra ne savinaya vandana ke pazcAt apane guru ke pairoM kA vastra se pramArjana kara sApha kiyaa| apane guru ke snehasudhAsikta sasmita dRSTinikSepa se vajramUni ne samajha liyA ki unakA pracchanna kArya guru se chupA nahIM rahA hai| Arya siMhagiri ne rAtri meM apane ziSya vajra muni kI adbhuta pratibhA para vicAra karate hue mana hI mana socA ki vaya meM laghu para jJAna meM vRddha isa bAlaka muni kI apane se dIkSA meM jyeSTha muniyoM kI sevA zuzrUSA karane meM jo avajJA ho rahI hai, use bhaviSya meM nahIM hone diyA jAnA cAhiye / soca-vicAra kara unhoMne isake lie eka upAya khoja nikaalaa| prAtaHkAla siMhagiri ne apane ziSyasamUha ko ekatrita kara kahA- "maiM Aja yahAM se vihAra kara rahA hai| zikSArthI saba zramaraNa yahIM para rheNge|" ___aMgazAstroM kA adhyayana karane vAle zramaNoM ne prati vinIta evaM jijJAsA bhare svara meM pUchA - "bhagavan ! hameM zAstroM kI vAcanA kauna deMge ?" Arya siMhagiri ne zAnta, gambhIra evaM dRr3ha svara meM choTA sA uttara diyA- "laghu muni vjr|" yadi usa samaya prAja ke samAna dUSita vAtAvaraNa hotA to nizcita rUpeNa ziSyoM dvArA gaganabhedI aTTahAsa se guru kI dhajjiyAM ur3A dI jAtIM para ve vinayazIla ziSya guruvAkya ko IzvaravAkya samajhate the| sahaja mudrA meM "yathAjJApayati deva" kaha kara saba zramaNoM ne guru ke Adeza ko zirodhArya kiyaa| tadanantara AsiMhagiri ne kucha sthavira sAdhanoM ke sAtha vahAM se kisI anya sthAna ke liye vihAra kara diyaa| vAcanA kA samaya hote hI sAdhuoM dvArA eka pATa para vavamuni kA prAsana bichAyA jA kara usa para vajamuni ko pAsIna kiyA gyaa| saba sAdhu vacamuni ke prati ucita sammAna pradarzita kara apane-apane prAsana para baiTha gye| vajramuni ne unheM zAstroM kI vAcanA denA prArambha kiyaa| pratyeka sUtra kI, pratyeka gAthA kI, samIcIna rUpa se vistArapUrvaka vyAkhyA karate hue vaSamuni ne prAgamoM ke nigUr3ha se nigUr3ha rahasyoM ko isa prakAra

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aura vinayazIlatA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM nAgahastI 575 sarala rIti se samajhAyA ki pratyeka sAdhu ke mastiSka meM unakA spaSTa artha amiTa rUpa se aMkita ho gyaa| pratidina zAstroM kI vAcanA kA krama calatA rahA / vajramuni se zAstroM kI vAcanA grahaNa karate samaya pratyeka sAdhu ne amRta tulya rasAsvAdana kI anubhUti kii| __ katipaya dinoM ke pazcAt Arya siMhagiri punaH vahAM lauTa Aye / saba zramaNoM ne gurucaraNoM meM bhaktisahita apane mastaka jhukaaye| guru ne apane ziSyoM se prazna kiyA- "kaho zramaNo ! tumhArA prAgamoM kA adhyayana kaisA cala rahA hai ?" saba sAdhunoM ne eka sAtha AnandAtireka bhare sammilita svara meM uttara diyA- "gurudeva ! gurukRpA se bahuta sundara, atisamIcIna / vAcanA grahaNa karate samaya hameM paramAnanda kI anubhUti hotI hai| bhagavan ! aba sadA ke liye Arya vajra hI hamAre vAcanAcArya rheN|" asIma saMtoSa kA anubhava karate hue Arya siMhagiri ne kahA- "pratyakSAnubhava se maiMne yaha saba kucha jAna liyA thaa| isI liye isa bAlakamuni kI anupama guNagarimA se tuma logoM ko avagata karAne ke liye hI maiMne jAnabUjha kara yahAM se vihAra kiyA thaa|" aneka prakAra ke tapazcaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha muni vajra sAdhu-samUha ko vAcanA bhI dete rahe aura apane guru ke pAsa adhyayana bhI karate rhe| svalpa samaya meM hI Arya vajra ne apane guru ke pAsa jitanA prAgama-jJAna thA vaha saba grahaNa kara liyaa| Arya siMhagiri ne tadanantara Arya vajra ko avaziSTa zrutazAstra kA adhyayana karAne ke liye kisI suyogya vidvAn muni kI sevA meM bhejane kA vicAra kiyaa| vihArakrama se eka dina ve dazapura nAmaka nagara meM phuNce| vahAM se unhoMne prArya vajra ko pravantI (ujjayinI) meM virAjita dazapUrvadhara mArya bhadragupta ke pAsa adhyayanArtha bhejaa| guruprAjJA ko zirodhArya kara prArya vaz2a muni una vihAra karate hue avantI nagara pahuMce / saMdhyAkAla ho jAne ke kAraNa prArya vana ne rAtri nagara ke bAhara hI eka sthAna meM bitaaii| prAtaHkAlIna Avazyaka kAryoM ko sampanna karane ke pazcAt muni vaz2a dazapUrvadhara prAya bhadragupta ke sthAna kI pora prasthita hue| usa samaya prArya bhadragupta ne apane ziSyoM se kahA- "vatso! maiMne rAtri meM eka svapna dekhA ki khIra se bhare hue mere pAtra ko eka siMha-zAvaka ne mAkara pI liyA evaM jihavA se cATa liyA hai|' isaM svapnadarzana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki daza pUrvo kA jJAna prApta karane kA icchuka koI mahAn buddhizAlI vyakti pAne hI vAlA hai|" prArya bhadragupta ne apanI bAta samApta kI hI thI ki mani vana ne unake sammukha upasthita ho bhakti sahita unheM vandana-namana ke pazcAt apane mAgamana kA ' so mAgaMtUDa sIhoyaeNa pIto mehinoy| [pAvazyaka malaya, patra 386 (1)].

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576 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [Arya vajra kI pratibhA , prayojana batAte hue zrutazAstra kA adhyApana karane kI prArthanA kii| zarIra kI ceSTAyoM aura lakSaNoM se vajra muni ko zrutazAstra ke jJAna kA suyogya pAtra samajha kara Arya bhadragupta ne unheM pUrvajJAna kI vAcanAeM denA prArambha kiyaa| muni vajra ko daza pUrvo kA sAthai sampUrNa adhyApana karAne ke pazcAt Arya bhadragupta ne punaH Arya sihagiri kI sevA meM lauTane kI anujJA pradAna kii| vajra muni apane guru Arya siMhagiri kI sevA meM upasthita hue| prAcArya ne prasanna ho dazapura meM Akara unheM vAcaka pada se suzobhita kiyaa| apane priya ziSya vajramuni ko dazapUrvadhara ke rUpa meM dekha kara Arya siMhagiri ne parama saMtoSa kA anubhava kiyA aura apanI Ayu kA antima samaya sannikaTa samajha kara unhoMne vI0ni0 saM0548 meM apane ziSya dazapUrvadhara pArya vajra ko apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM prAcArya pada para pratiSThApita kiyaa| AcArya prabhAcandrasUri kI mAnyatAnusAra vajra svAmI ke pUrvabhava ke mitra guhyakoM ne prAcArya siMhagiri dvArA Arya vajrasvAmI ko prAcAryapada diye jAne ke avasara para bar3A adbhuta mahotsava kiyaa| usa samaya AcArya vajra 500 sAdhuoM ke sAtha vicara rahe the| Arya vajrasvAmI ne bhI apane guru siMhagiri kI anta samaya taka bar3I lagana ke sAtha sevA-zuzrUSA kii| gurudeva ke svargagamana ke pazcAt prAcArya vajrasvAmI ne bar3I yogyatA ke sAtha saMgha kA saMcAlana karate hue jinazAsana kI sevA kii| vibhinna kSetroM meM dharma kA pracAra karate hue ve eka samaya pATaliputra padhAre aura nagara ke bAhara eka udyAna meM Thahare / Apake tAtvika upadezoM se apane mAnasa ko aura darzanoM se netroM ko pavitra karane ke liye hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM naranArIvRnda udyAna meM upasthita hue| ApakI atIva rocaka evaM adbhuta vyAkhyAnazailI se prabuddha ho aneka naranAriyoM ne samyakta va, vrata, niyamAdi grahaNa kara apanA AtmakalyANa kiyaa| pATaliputra nagara ke nivAsI dhana nAmaka eka atula sampattizAlI zreSThI kI rukmiNI nAma kI kanyA ne apanI yAnazAlA meM virAjita sAdhviyoM se Arya vajra ke guNoM kI prazaMsA sunii| usane eka dina prAcArya vajrasvAmI ke darzana kiye aura unakA vyAkhyAna sunaa| jaba usane akhaNDa brahmacarya ke apUrva teja se pradIpta pArya vajra ke saumya mukhamaNDalaM ko dekhA aura upadeza dete samaya unakI sudhAsikta madhura vANI ko sunA to zreSThikanyA rukmiNI AcArya vajra para prANapaNa se mugdha ho ' (ka) jassa aNunAe vAyagattaNe dasapurammi nayarammi / .. devehi kayA mahimA, payAraNusAri namasAmi / / 767 [prAva.] (kha) vajraprAgjanmasuhRdo jJAnAd vijJAya te surAH / tasyAcAryapratiSThAyAM cakrurutsavamadbhutam // 132 [prabhAvakacaritra, pR0 6] 2 vayarasAmi vi paMcahi araNagArasayehiM saMparivuDo viharai / 2 [prAvazyaka malaya, 386 (2)]

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aura vinayazIlatA ] dazapUrvara- kAla : zrAryaM nAgahastI 577 * gii| usane praNa kiyA "yadi Arya vajra mere pati hoM to mujhe saMsAra meM rahanA hai anyathA bhogoM kA pUrNa rUpeNa parityAga kara denA hai / ' kahA jAtA hai ki rukmiNI ne apanI sakhiyoM ke mAdhyama se apane pitA ko kahalavAyA ki usane vajrasvAmI ko apane pati ke rUpa meM varaNa kara liyA hai ataH yadi vajrasvAmI ke sAtha usakA vivAha nahIM kiyA gayA to vaha nizcita rUpa se agni meM praveza kara AtmadAha kara legI / pitA apanI putrI kI dRr3hapratijJatA evaM haTha se bhalIbhAMti paricita thA prata: vaha putrI kI saheliyoM ke mukha se usake dRDha nizcaya kI bAta suna kara bar3A ghabarAyA / bahuta soca-vicAra ke pazcAt aneka bahumUlya ratna aura apanI anupama rUpavatI putrI ko apane sAtha le kara vaha usa udyAna meM pahu~cA jahA~ ki AcArya vajrasvAmI apane ziSyoM sahita virAjamAna the| zreSThI dhana ne vajrasvAmI ko namaskAra karane ke pazcAt nivedana kiyA- "AcAryapravara ! merI yaha parama rUpaguNasampannA kanyA Apake guNoM para mugdha ho zrApako apane pati ke rUpa meM varaNa karanA cAhatI hai / mere pAsa eka araba raupyaka kA dhana hai / apanI kanyA ke sAtha maiM vaha saba dhana Apako samarpita karanA cAhatA hU~ / usa dhana se prApa jIvana bhara vividha bhogopabhoga, dAna, upakAra Adi kA Ananda lUTa sakate haiM / Apa kRpA kara merI isa kanyA ke sAtha pArigraharaNa kara lIjiye / 2 prAcArya vajra ne sahaja zAnta sasmita svara meM kahA - "bhadra ! tuma vastutaH atyanta sarala prakRti ke ho| tuma svayaM to sAMsArika bandhanoM meM bandhe hue ho hI, dUsaroM ko bhI una bandhanoM meM Abaddha karanA cAhate ho| tuma nahIM jAnate ki saMyama ke mArga meM kitanA adbhuta alaukika zrAnanda hai / vaha patha kaNTakAkIrNa bhale hI ho para isakA saccA pathika saMyama aura jJAna kI mastI meM jisa zranirvacanIya zrAnanda kA anubhava karatA hai, usake samakSa yaha kSaNika paudgalika sukha nitAnta nagaNya, tuccha aura sukhAbhAsa mAtra haiM / saMyama se prApta hone vAlA pranirvacanIya AdhyAtmika Ananda amUlya ratnarAzi se bhI anantaguriNata bahumUlya hai / tuma kalpavRkSatulya saMyama ke sukha kI tuccha tRraNa tulya indriya-sukha se tulanA karanA cAhate ho / saumya ! maiM to nisparigrahI sAdhu hai / mujhe saMsAra kI kisI prakAra kI sampadA athavA viSaya-vAsanA kI kAmanA nahIM hai / yadi yaha tumhArI kanyA vAstava meM mere prati anurAga rakhatI hai, to mere dvArA svIkRta parama sukhakara saMyamamArga para yaha bhI pravRtta ho jAya / " prAcArya vajra kI tyAga evaM tapopUta viraktipUrNa sayuktika vAraNI suna kara zreSThikanyA rukmiNI ke antarmana para mAyA huA prajJAna kA kAlA pardA haTa gayA / usake pratakSu unmIlita ho gaye / usane tatkAla saMyama graharaNa kara liyA praura 1 jai so mama pati hojjA, tA'haM bhoge bhujissaM / iyarahA zralaM bhogehiM 2 jo kannAi dhaNeNa ya nimaMtimro jumbaraNammi nayarammi kusumanAme, taM vairarisi [ Avazyaka malayagirI, patra 386 ( 2 ) ] gihavaNA / nama'sAmi ||768 | [prAvazyaka malaya, patra 360 (1)]

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578 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrArya vajra kI pratibhA saMyama kA samIcIna rUpa se pAlana karatI huI vaha AryA rukmiNI bhI sAdhviyoM ke sAtha vicaraNa karane lagI / yadyapi Arya vajrasvAmI ke pUrvabhava ke mitra jRMbhaka devoM ne unheM prasanna ho gaganagAminI vidyA dI thI para svayaM unhoMne apane athAha zrAgamajJAna ke sahAre prAcArAMga sUtra ke mahAparijJA adhyayana se AkAzagAminI vidyA ko DhUMDha nikAlA aura bhayaMkara saMkrAntikAla meM anivArya AvazyakatA par3ane para bhUtahitAnukampA se prerita ho usa maganagAminI vidyA kA prayoga kara aneka mAnavoM ke prANoM kI rakSA kii| isa prakAra aneka vidyAsampanna prAcArya vajra apane grAcAryakAla meM vicarate hue bhArata ke pUrvI bhAga se uttara pradeza meM pdhaare| vahAM bhArata ke samasta uttarI bhAga meM ghora anAvRSTi ke kAraNa bhISaNa duSkAla par3A / khAdya sAmagrI ke prAbhava ke kAraNa prabhAva - abhiyogoM se saMtrasta prajA meM sarvatra hAhAkAra vyApta ho gayA / tRNa-phala- puSpAdi ke prabhAva meM pazupakSigaraNa aura anna ke prabhAva meM AbAlavRddha mAnava bhUkha se tar3apa-tar3apa kara karAla kAla ke atithi banane lge| usa daivI prakopa se saMtrasta saMgha AcArya vajrasvAmI kI zaraNa meM AyA aura trAhi-trAhi kI pukAra karane lagA / AcArya vajrasvAmI ne saMgha kI karuNa pukAra suna kara dayA se dravita ho vizAla 'janasamUha kI prAraNarakSArtha, samaSTi ke hita ke sAtha-sAtha dharmahita kI dRSTi se, sAdhuoM ke lie varjita hote hue bhI AkAzagAminI vidyA ke prayoga se saMgha ko mAhezvarIpurI meM pahuMcA diyaa| vahAM kA rAjA bauddhadharmAnuyAyI hone ke kAraNa jaina upAsakoM ke sAtha virodha rakhatA thA para Arya vajra ke prabhAva se vaha bhI zrAvaka banA aura isase dharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA huI / duSkAloM kI paramparA kevala bhArata meM hI nahIM, anya aneka dezoM meM bhI prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai / duSkAloM ne mAnavatA ko samaya-samaya para bar3I burI taraha se jhakajhorA hai / duSkAloM ke duSprabhAva ke kAraNa mAnava - saMskRti, zatAbdiyoM ke athaka parizrama aura anubhava se upArjita AdhyAtmika jJAna tathA mAnavatAmUlaka dharma kI paryApta kSati huI hai parantu isa prakAra kI saMkaTa kI ghar3iyoM meM bhI vajrasvAmI jaisI mahAna AtmAoM ne apane aparimeya prAtmika bala se saMyama aura prAdhyAtmika jJAna kI jyoti ko pradIpta rkhaa| isI prakAra ke prAdhyAtmika netAoM ke kRpAprasAda se hamArA dharma, prAdhyAtmika jJAna aura saMskRti Adi zatAbdiyoM se bhISaNa duSkAloM, rAjyakrAntiyoM, dharmaviplavoM kI thaper3eM khAne ke uparAnta bhI Aja taka jIvita raha kara mAnavatA ko anuprANita karate A rahe haiM / prAcArya vajrasvAmI kI yaha Antarika abhilASA thI ki zrutagaMgA kI pAvana dhArA abAdha evaM avicchinna rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahe kintu daza pUrvI kA jJAna grahaNa karane vAle kisI suyogya pAtra ke prabhAva meM unheM apane jIvana ke [ prabhAvaka caritra ] " mahAparijJAdhyayanAdAcA rAMgAntara sthitAt / zrI va goddhRtA vidyA, tadAgaganagAminI / /

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576 aura vinayazIlatA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : prArya nAgahastI saMdhyAkAla meM cintA rahane lagI ki kahIM daza pUrvo kA jJAna unake sAtha hI vicchinna na ho jAya / mahAn vibhUtiyoM ko AdhyAtmika cintA adhika dinoM taka nahIM raha sakatI, isa pAramparika janazruti ke anusAra Arya tosaliputra ke Adeza se yuvA muni prArya rakSita prAcArya vajrasvAmI kI sevA meM upasthita hue| unhoMne Arya vajrasvAmI se ha pUrvo kA sampUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA para dasaveM pUrva kA ve prAdhA hI jJAna prApta kara ske| etadviSayaka pUrA vivaraNa prArya rakSita ke itivRtta meM diyA jA rahA hai| tatpazcAt aneka kSetroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma-zAsana kA udyota karate hue vajrasvAmI AryAvarta ke dakSiNI kSetra meM pdhaare| vahAM kapha kI zAnti ke lie unhoMne apane kisI ziSya se soMTha mNgvaaii| upayoga ke pazcAt avaziSTa soMTha ko vajrasvAmI ne apane kAna ke UparI bhAga para rakha liyA aura bhUla gye| madhyAhnottara velA meM pratilekhana ke samaya mukhavastrikA ko utArane ke sAtha hI soMTha pRthvI para gira pdd'ii| yaha dekhakara vajrasvAmI ne mana hI mana vicAra kiyA "merI pAyu kA vastutaH antima chora prA pahuMcA hai aura maiM pramAdazIla ho gayA hai isI kAraNa kAna para soMTha ko rakhakara maiM bhUla gyaa| pramAda meM saMyama kahAM? ataH mere lie bhakta kA pratyAkhyAna kara lenA zreyaskara hai|"' tatkAla unhoMne jJAna ke upayoga se dekhA ki zIghra hI eka aura bar3A bhayAvaha dvAdazavArSika duSkAla par3ane hI vAlA hai, jo pahale ke duSkAla se bhI pratyanta bhISaNa hogA / usa bhISaNa duSkAla ke kAraNa kahIM aisA na ho ki eka bhI sAdhu jIvita na raha sake / isa dRSTi se sAdhuvaMza kI rakSA hetu vajrasvAmI ne apane ziSya vajrasena ko kucha sAdhuoM ke sAtha kuMkuraNa (koMkaNa) pradeza kI ora vihAra karane aura subhikSa na ho jAne taka usI kSetra meM vicaraNa karane kI prAjJA dii| unhoMne prArya vajrasena se yaha bhI kahA - "jisa dina eka lAkha mudrAmoM ke mUlya ke cAvaloM ke AhAra meM kahIM viSa milAne kI taiyArI kI jA rahI ho, usa dina tuma samajha lenA ki duSkAla kA antima dina hai| usake dUsare dina hI subhikSa (sukAla) ho jaaygaa|"2 guru ke Adeza ko zirodhArya kara Arya vajasena ne katipaya sAdhuoM ke sAtha kaMkuraNa kI ora vihAra kara diyA aura dhana-dhAnya se paripUrNa usa kSetra meM vicaraNa karane lge| prArya vavasvAmI jisa kSetra meM vicaraNa kara rahe the, usa kSetra meM zanaiH zanaiH duSkAla kA duSprabhAva bhISaNa se bhISaNatara hone lgaa| kaI dinoM taka bhikSA prApta na hone ke kAraNa bhUkha se pIr3ita sAdhunoM ko vajrasvAmI ne apane vidyA bala se pratidina samAnIta piNDa dete hue kahA- "yaha vidyA piNDa hai aura isa prakAra ' tesi uvamogo jAto aho ! pamatto jAto, pamattassa me natthi saMjamo, taM seyaM khalu me bhatta - pcckkhaaitte| [mAvazyaka malaya patra, 365 (2)] ityAkayaM muniH prAha, guruzikSAcamatkRtaH / dharmazIle zRNu zrImadvavasvAminiveditaM // 160 / / sthAlIpAke kilakatra, lakSamUlye samIkSite / / subhikSaM bhAvi saviSaM, pAkaM mA kuru tathA // 161 // . [prabhAvaka caritra pR08]

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580 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrArya vajra kI pratibhA 4 12 varSa vyatIta karane haiM / yadi saMyamaguNa kI vRddhi mAlUma hotI ho to yaha piNDa graharaNa karo aura yadi saMyamaguraNa meM kisI prakAra kA lAbha nahIM dikhatA ho to hama logoM ko zrAjIvana anazana ( saMdhArA) kara lenA cAhiye / Apa loga svecchApUrvaka ina do mArgoM meM se jisa mArga ko zreyaskara samajhate hoM, usa hI mArga ko aMgIkAra kara sakate haiM / " vajrasvAmI kI uparikathita bAta sunakara saba ( 500) sAdhunoM ne ekamata ho AmaraNa anazana karane kA apanA nizcaya unake sAmane abhivyakta kiyA / apane 500 hI ziSyoM kA eka hI dRr3ha nizcaya sunakara prAcArya vajrasvAmI ne apane ziSyasaMgha sahita dakSiNa pradeza ke mAMgiyA' nAmaka eka parvata kI ora prasthAna kiyA / unhoMne apane navavaya ke eka sAdhu ko anazana meM sammilita na hone ke lie samajhAyA para vaha nahIM maanaa| mArga meM prAcArya vajrasvAmI ne usa navavaya ke sAdhu kisI kArya ke vyAja se eka gAMva meM bheja diyA aura ve apane anya saba sAdhutroM ke sAtha usa parvata para jA pahu~ce / parvata para pahuMcane ke pazcAt Arya vajra svAmI tathA unake sabhI ziSyoM ne bhUmi kA pratilekhana kiyA aura sabane yAvajjIva sabhI prakAra ke prazana - pAnAdi kA parityAga kara anazana grahaNa kara liyA / udhara vaha yuvA sAdhu gAMva se punaH usI sthAna para lauTA, jahAM se usake guru ne use gAMva meM bhejA thA / anya sAdhuoM sahita vajrasvAmI ko vahAM na dekha kara vaha yuvA sAdhu samajha gayA ki guru ne jAnabUjha kara use anazana ke lie sAtha nahIM liyA hai| usane mana hI mana socA "gurudeva mujhe satvahIna samajha kara pIche chor3a gaye haiM / kyA maiM vastuta: nissatva hai, nirvIrya hai ? sambhavataH mujhe anazana ke ayogya samajha kara hI gurudeva ne pIche chor3a diyA hai / saMyama kI rakSArtha gurudeva anya saba sAdhuSoM ke sAtha anazana grahaNa kara rahe haiM, to mujhe bhI unhIM ke padacinhoM para calanA cAhiye / " yaha vicAra kara usa yuvA sAdhu ne utkaTa vairAgya ke sAtha parvata kI talahaTI meM par3I huI eka pratapta pASANazilA para pAdapopagamana anazana grahaNa kara liyA / taptazilA zrIra sUrya kI prakhara kiraNeM muni ko bhAga kI taraha jalAne lagIM / para anitya bhAvanA se zrotaH prota muni ne apane zarIra ke sAtha mana ko bhI pUrNarUpeNa nizcala rakhA aura aMtarmuhUrta kAla meM hI ve apane vinAzazIla zarIra kA parityAga kara svargavAsI hue / devoM ne divya ghoSa ke sAtha muni ke dhairya, vIrya evaM gAmbhIrya kA guNagAna kiyA / dakSiNa pradeza ke jisa mAMgiyA nAmaka parvata para prAcArya vajjrasvAmI aura unake sAdhu anazanapUrvaka nizcala prAsana se zrAtmacintana meM nirata the, usa hI parvata ke dhobhAga meM devatAoM dvArA manAye jA rahe mahotsava kI divyadhvani suna kara eka vRddha sAdhu ne vajrasvAmI se usakA kAraNa puuchaa| prAcArya vajrasvAmI ne kizora vaya ke muni dvArA pratapta zilA para pAdapopagamana anazana grahaNa karane aura usake " bIra vaMzAvalI prathavA tapAgaccha buddha paTTAvalI, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaMDa 1, aMka 3, pU. 15

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581 paura vinayazIlatA] dazapUrvadhara-kAla : mArya nAgahastI svargagamana Adi kA vivaraNa sunAte hue kahA ki usa muni ke svargagamana ke upalakSa meM devagaNa mahotsava manA rahe haiN| nitAnta nava-vaya ke usa muni ke adbhuta Atmabala se preraNA lekara sabhI muni ucca adhyavasAyoM ke sAtha prAtmaciMtana meM tallIna-ekAgra ho gye| una muniyoM ke samakSa vyantara devI dvArA aneka prakAra ke upasarga upasthita kiye gae para ve sabhI muni una devI upasargoM se kiMcitmAtra bhI vicalita nahIM he| vanasvAmI ne apane una sabhI muniyoM ke sAtha samIpastha dUsare parvata ke zikhara para jAkara bhUmi kA pratilena kiyA tathA vahAM unhoMne apane-apane Asana jamAye / ' vahAM prAdhyAtmika cintana (samAdhi bhAva) meM tallIna una sabhI sAdhunoM ne apanIapanI Ayu pUrNa kara svargagamana kiyaa| . anazanastha apane saba ziSyoM ke dehAvasAna ke pazcAt Arya vajrasvAmI ne bhI ekAgra evaM niSkampa dhyAna meM lIna ho apane prANa visarjita kiye| isa prakAra jinazAsana kI mahAna vibhUti Arya vajrasvAmI kA vIra ni0 saM0 584 meM svargavAsa huaa| prAcArya vajrasvAmI ke svargagamana ke sAtha hI dazama pUrva aura caturtha saMhanana (ardhanArAca saMhanana) kA viccheda ho gayA / / prAcArya vacasvAmI kA jJAna kitanA agAdha thA, isakA mApadaNDa Aja ke yuga meM hamAre pAsa nahIM hai / jisa puNyAtmA vajra svAmI ne janma ke tatkAla pazcAt jAtismaraNa jJAna prApta ho jAne ke kAraNa stanaMdhayI zaizavAvasthA meM stanapAna ke sthAna para sAdhviyoM ke mukha se uccarita tIrthezvara kI vANI kA pAna karate hue ekAdazAMgI ko kaNThastha kara liyA ho aura jinhoMne pogaNDAvasthA se hI saMsAra ke samasta prapaMcoM-jhameloM se sarvathA dUra rahate hue nirantara samartha gurupoM ke sAnnidhya meM raha kara prahaniza jJAnArAdhanA kI ho, unake nissIma jJAna kA thAha pAne meM kalpanA bhI UMcI se UMcI uDAne bharatI huI antatogatvA thaka kara nirAza ho jAyagI / aisI hI mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke tapopUta tyAga-virAga aura jJAna kI prAbhA se zatAbdiyoM ke timirAcchanna atIta ke uparAnta bhI sAdhaka Aja Aloka kA lAbha kara rahe haiN| prAcArya vajrasvAmI ne 50 varSa taka vizuddha saMyama kA pAlana karate hae dharma kA prasAra kiyaa| vastutaH ve janmajAta yogI the| unakI vakta tvazailI hRttalasparzI, prabhAvotpAdaka aura atyanta prAkarSaka thii| una mahAn prAcArya kI smRti ko cirasthAyI banAne ke lie vIra ni0 saM0 584 meM unake svargagamana ke pazcAt bajjIzAkhA kI sthApanA kI gii| vajrasvAmI ke ziSyoM dvArA pracAlita vajjIzAkhA ke atirikta unake praziSyoM se jo zAkhAeM pracalita huI, ve isa prakAra haiM :' yAmo dhyAtveti te jagmustadAsannaM nagAntaram // 172 / / pari0 parva, 2 duSkarmAvanibhRDhaNe, zrI vaje svargamIyuSi / vicchinna dazamaM pUrva turya saMhananaM tadA // 176 / /

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582 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM vajra kI pratibhA (1) vajrasena sUri ke ziSya nAgahastI se vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM nAilA zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| kAlAntara meM isa nAilA zAkhA se nAila, canda, nivvaI aura vijjAhara nAmaka cAra kula prazAkhA ke rUpa meM udbhUta hue| ina cAroM kuloM kI gaccha ke rUpa meM prasiddhi huii| (2) prAcArya padma zrI se pomilI zAkhA kA udbhava huaa| (3) RSi jayanta se jayantI zAkhA pracalita huii| (4) tApasa nAmaka muni se tApasI zAkhA prakaTa huI / ye tApasa zrI zAnti zreNika nAmaka mahAtmA ke ziSya the|' aArya vajrasvAmI ke bahumukhI anupama mahAn vyaktitva kA eka kavi ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM citraNa kiyA hai : ki rUpaM kimupAMgasUtrapaThanaM ziSyeSu kiM vaacnaa| ki prajJA kimu nippRhatvamatha kiM saubhAgyabhaMgyAdikaM / / kiM vA saMgha samunnatiH suranatiH kiM tasya kiM varNanaM / vajrasvAmivibhoH prabhAvajaladherekaikamapyadbhutam / / gaNAcArya - Arya suhastI kI paramparA ke gaNAcArya bhI uparokta avadhi meM Arya vajra hI rhe| digambara paramparA meM vanamuni zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA ke 'upAsakAdhyayana' aura hariSeNakRta vRhatkathAkoza meM bhI prabhAvanA aMga kA varNana karate hue vajramuni kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM vajramuni ko vividha vidyAoM kA jJAtA aura dharma kA prabhAvaka mAnA gayA hai| donoM paramparAmoM meM etadviSayaka jo antara athavA samAnatA hai vaha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : zvetAmbara paramparA meM Arya vajra ke pitA kA nAma dhanagiri aura mAtA kA nAma sunandA batAyA gayA hai jabaki digambara sAhitya meM Arya vana ko purohita somadeva aura yajJadattA kA putra batAyA hai| digambara paramparA ke uparokta donoM ' (ka), yajJadattAbhaTTinIbhartA somadatto nAma purohito'bhUt / [upAsakAdhyayana (bhAratIya jJAnapITha), pR. 64] (kha) muMjAnAyA rati tena somadattena bhoginaa| babhUva sahasA garbho yajJikAyAH sutejasaH / / 16 / / - [vRhatkathAkoza, bhAratIya vidyAbhavanaH, pR0 23) 2 ajja nAilI zAkhA evaM jayantI zAkhA ke pravartakoM ke sambandha meM kalpa sthavirAvalI kI saMkSipta tathA vRhatvAcanAmoM meM mata bhinnya dRSTigocara hotA hai| jahAM saMkSipta vAcanA meM prArya nAila se nAilI zAkhA kA tathA prAya jayanta se jayantI zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva batAyA haiM vahAM vistRta vAcanA meM prArya vajrasena se nAilI zAkhA kA aura mArya ratha se jayantI zAkhA kA udgama batAyA hai / yaha vicAraNIya hai| -sampAdaka

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digambara paramparA meM vajramuni ] dazapUrvadhara - kAla : prAryaM nAgahastI 583 granthoM meM ullekha hai ki jisa samaya Arya vajra garbha meM the usa samaya unakI mAtA yajJadattA ko mAla khAne kA dohada utpanna huA / usa samaya Amraphala kI Rtu nahIM thI / dohada kI pUrti na ho sakane ke kAraNa yajJadattA dinapratidina durbala hone lagI / somadeva ko apanI gurviraNI patnI ke kRSakAya hone kA kAraNa jJAta huA' to vaha bar3e asamaMjasa meM par3a gayA / antatogatvA vaha apane kucha chAtroM ke sAtha Amraphala kI khoja meM ghara se nikalA / vaha aneka AmranikuMjoM, vanoM praura udyAnoM meM ghUmatA phirA kintu asamaya meM Amraphala kahAM se prApta hotA ? para somadeva hatAza nahIM huA, vaha Age bar3hatA hI gyaa| eka dina vaha eka vikaTa vana meM phuNcaa| usa vana ke madhyabhAga meM usane eka saghana prAmravRkSa ke nIce baiThe hue eka tapasvI zramaNa ko dekhaa| yaha dekha kara usake harSa kA pArAvAra nahIM rahA ki vaha AmravRkSa bar3e-bar3e evaM pakva zrAmraphaloM se ladA huA hai / Amra kI Rtu nahIM hote hue bhI AmravRkSa ko mAmraphaloM se ladA dekha kara somadeva ne use muni ke tapasteja kA prabhAva samajhA aura bhaktivibhora hokara usane muni ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakha diyA / somadeva ne apane sAtha prAye hue chAtroM meM se eka chAtra ke sAtha apanI patnI ke pAsa Amraphala bheja diyA aura zeSa chAtroM ke sAtha muni kI sevA meM baiTha kara upadeza - zravaraNa karane lgaa| muni ke tyAga - vairAgyapUrNa upadeza aura unase apane pUrvabhava ke vRttAnta ko suna kara somadeva ko jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gayA / bhISaNa bhavATavI ke bhayAvaha bhavaprapaMca se mukta hone kI eka tIvra utkaNThA usake antara meM udbhUta huI aura usane tatkSaNa samasta sAMsArika bhaToM ko eka hI jhaTake meM tor3a kara una avadhijJAnI sumitra muni ke pAsa nirgratha-zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karalI / somadeva ke sAtha Aye hue chAtra ahichatra nagara ko ora lauTa gaye / eka chAtra ke sAtha Aye Amra se yajJadattA kA - dohadapUrNa ho gayA / vAda meM prAye chAtroM ke mukha se apane pati ke pravrajita hone kA samAcAra suna kara yajJadattA ko bar3A duHkha huA / garbhakAla kI samApti para yajJadattA ne tejasvI putra ko janma diyA / unhIM dinoM muni somadeva apane guru sumitrAcArya ke sAtha vicaraNa karate hue sopAraka nagara aaye| muni somadeva guru kI AjJA le pAsa hI ke parvata para pahu~ce aura vahAM eka zilA para khar3e ho sUrya kI pratApanA lete hue dhyAnamagna ho gaye / yajJadattA ko jaba yaha vidita huA ki muni somadeva nikaTastha parvata para sUrya kI pratApanA le rahe haiM to vaha navajAta zizu ko lekara usa parvata para muni ke pAsa pahu~cI / usane bar3I hI anunaya-vinayapUrvaka somadeva ko eka bAra apane tejasvI putra kI ora dekhane tathA ghara lauTa kara apane gArhasthya bhAra ko vahana karane kI prArthanA kii| bar3I dera taka anunaya-vinaya karane ke pazcAt bhI mAtrANi khAdituM nAtha, dohadaM me manaH priyam // 21 // [vRhatkathAkoza ] 2 bajra ke pitA zrAyaM dhanagiri ke gurU ko jAtismaraNajJAna thA, isa prakAra ke ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha hote haiM / [sampAdaka ] ,

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584 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [di0 paramparA meM vajamuni jaba usane dekhA ki muni somadeva ne ghara calanA to dUra, apane putra kI bhora mAMkha uThA kara bhI nahIM dekhA hai to usane kruddha ho AkrozapUrNa svara meM kahA- "mo mere mana ko jalA DAlane vAle pASANa hRdaya mUrkha vaMcaka ! isa digambara veSa ko svecchA se chor3a kara mere sAtha ghara calatA ho to cala, anyathA samhAla apane isa putra ko|"' itanA kahane para bhI muni ko nizcala bhAva se dhyAnamagna dekha kara yajJadattA ne apane usa kusumakomala navajAta putra ko muni ke caraNoM para liTA diyA aura svayaM apane ghara kI ora lauTa gii| sUrya ke pracaNDa tApa se zilA jala rahI thii| pairoM para se pratapta zilA para girane se bAlaka kA kahIM prANAnta na ho jAya, isa karuNApUrNa prAzaMkA se mani somadeva apane pairoM ko viSTara kI taraha banAye acala mudrA meM khar3e rhe| muni ne mana hI mana dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyA ki jaba taka vaha upasarga samApta nahIM ho jAyagA taba taka AhArAdi grahaNa karanA to dUra, zarIra ko kiMcitmAtra bhI hilAeMgeDulAeMge taka nahIM / 2 muni isa prakAra kA abhigraha kara punaH dhyAnamagna ho gye| yajJadattA ke lauTane ke thor3I hI dera pazcAt bhAskaradeva nAmaka vidyAdhararAja apanI patnI ke sAtha munidarzana hetu vahAM phuNcaa| jaba usane sundara, svastha aura tejasvI zizu ko muni ke pairoM para leTe hue dekhA to muni vandana ke pazcAt usane use uThA kara apanI patnI kI goda meM dete hue kahA - "dharmiSThe ! lo| munidarzana ke tAtkAlika sukhada phala ke rUpa meM hama santativihInoM ko yaha putra mila gayA hai|" sUrya kI prakhara razmiyoM kI jvAlAmAlA kA usa zizu para koI prabhAva nahIM par3A thA, isa kAraNa vidyAdharadampatI ne bAlaka kA nAma vaz2a rakhA / unhoMne vajra ko apanA putra ghoSita karate hue bar3e dulAra ke sAtha usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyaa| zikSAyogya vaya meM vajra ko samucita zikSA dilAne tathA camatkArapUrNa vidyAeM sikhAne kI vyavasthA kI gii| digambara paramparA meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha Arya vajra kA sAdhusaMgha meM rahanA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vRhatkathAkoza ke anusAra pavanavegA nAma kI eka vidyAdhara kanyA ke sAtha aura upAsakAdhyayana ke anusAra indumatI aura pavanavegA nAmaka do kanyAoM ke sAtha vajrakumAra kA vivAha honA mAnA gayA hai| uparokta donoM granthoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki aneka varSoM taka gArhasthyajIvana kA sukhopabhoga karane ke pazcAt eka dina vajrakumAra ko apane mitrajanoM se jaba yaha vidita huyA ki bhAskaradeva usake pitA nahIM apitu pAlaka mAtra hai / vastutaH ' yadImaM digambara praticchandamavacchidya svacchayacchayAgacchasi tadAgaccha / no cedgRhANenamAtmano nandanam / [upAsakAdhyayana] 2 upamargA mahAnepa yadi kSemeNa yAsyati / tadAhArazarIrAdeH pravRttirme bhaviSyati / / 31 / / [vRhatkathAkoza, pR0 23]

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585 digambara paramparA meM vajramuni ] dazapUrvaghara-kAla : prAyaM nAgahastI usake pitA to somadeva haiM, jo usake janma se pahale hI muni bana cuke haiN| vastusthiti se paricita hote hI vajrakumAra ne pratijJA kara DAlI ki vaha apane pitA ke darzana kiye binA anna-jala grahaNa nahIM karegA / bhAskaradeva tatkAla vajrakumAra ko sAtha lekara muni somadeva ke darzanoM ke liye prasthita huA / darzana-vandana ke pazcAt muni ke tyAga virAgapUrNa upadeza ko suna kara vajrakumAra ko saMsAra se virakti ho gaI aura unhoMne usI samaya somadeva muni ke pAsa nigraMtha zramaraNadIkSA grahaNa kara lI / zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI paramparAmroM meM Arya vajra ko cAraNaRddhisampanna muni mAnA gayA hai aura donoM paramparAtroM ke madhyayugIna kathAsAhitya meM unake dvArA AkAzagAminI vidyA ke adbhuta camatkArapUrNa kAryoM se jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA kiye jAne ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM Arya vajra ke pragurU kA nAma sumitra aura guru kA nAma somadeva batAyA gayA hai jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA inheM jAtismaraNajJAnadhArI prArya siMhagiri kA ziSya mAnatI hai| nAma, sthAna Adi viSayaka katipaya vibhinnatAoM ke uparAnta bhI Arya vajra ke pitA dvArA vajra ke janma se anumAnata: 6 mAsa pUrva hI pravrajyA grahaNa karane, mAtA dvArA unheM unake pitA ko de diye jAne, Arya vajra ke gaganavihArI hone, jainoM ke sAtha bauddhoM dvArA kI gaI dhArmika utsava viSayaka pratispardhA meM zrArya vajra dvArA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke manorathoM kI pUrti ke sAtha jina zAsana kI mahimA bar3hAne Adi zrArya vajra ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM evaM sampUrNa kathAvastu kI mUla AtmA meM donoM paramparAoM kI paryApta sAmyatA hai, jo yaha mAnane ke liye AdhAra prastuta karatI hai ki prArya vajra ke samaya taka jaina saMgha meM pRthakataH zvetAmbara tathA digambara - isa prakAra kA bheda utpanna nahIM huA thA / donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya ye muni nizcita rUpa se ve hI vajramuni haiM, jo vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue prArya rakSita ke vidyAguru the / paramparA bheda ke prakaTa hone kA itihAsa bhI isI bAta ko pramANita karatA hai| kAraNa ki zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra zvetAmbara - digambara paramparA kA spaSTa bheda Arya vajra ke svargagamana ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM aura digambara paramparA mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM mAnA gayA hai / kI dazapUrvara-viSayaka digambara mAnyatA yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki digambara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa pazcAt 62 varSa kA tathA kucha granthoM meM 64 varSa kA kevalikAla mAnA gayA hai / indrabhUti, sudharmA ra jambUsvAmI ina 3 anubaddha kevaliyoM ke pazcAt digambara paramparA meM bhI 5 zrutakevalI arthAt ekAdazAMgI aura 14 pUrvI ke jJAtA -

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596 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [daza pUrva. vi. di. mAnyatA mAne gaye hai| parantu donoM paramparAmoM dvArA mAne gaye zrutakevaliyoM ke nAmoM meM tathA sattAkAla meM thor3I bhinnatA hai| kevala pAMcaveM zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu ke nAma ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAoM kA mataikya hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM prArya prabhava, Arya zayyaMbhava, prArya yazobhadra, pArya saMbhUta vijaya aura mArya bhadrabAhu - isa prakAra 5 zrutakevalI aura inakA zrutakevalIkAla 106 varSa kA mAnA gayA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA meM viSNu, naMdimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ina 5 zrutakevaliyoM kA 100 varSa kA samaya mAnA gayA hai / 'zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya 10 pUrvadharoM kA paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA 64 varSa kA kevalikAla, 106 varSa kA zrutakevalikAla aura 414 varSa kA dazapUrvadhara-kAla mAnA gayA hai / kevalikAla ke 64 varSa, zrutakevalikAla ke 106 varSa aura dazapUrvadharakAla ke 414 varSa-ye kula milA kara 584 varSa hote haiN| isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 584 taka 10 pUrvo kA jJAna vidyamAna rhaa| kintu digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke anantara 62 varSa taka kevalikAla, tatpazcAt 100 varSa taka zrutakevalikAla aura tadanantara 183 varSa taka dazapUrvadharoM kA kAla rhaa| isa prakAra digambara mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 345 taka hI 10 pUrvo kA jJAna vidyamAna rhaa| digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya 10 pUrvadharoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM: 1. vizAkhAcArya, 2. proSThila, 3. kSatriya, 4. jaya. 5. nAgasena, 6. siddhArtha, 7. dhRtiSeraNa, 8. vijaya, 6. buddhila, 10. gaMgadeva aura 11. dharmasena / ina gyArahoM prAcAryoM ko guNabhadrAcArya ne dvAdazAMga ke artha meM pravINa tathA daza pUrvadhara batAyA hai|' ___prA. nAgahastI evaM pA. vaja ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 470 se 530 taka deza meM vikramAditya kA zAsana rhaa.| vikramAditya ke zAsanakAla meM bhArata rAjanaitika, mArthika sAmAjika, bauddhika evaM sainika zakti kI dRSTi se sabala, susamRddha evaM samunnata rahA / vikramAditya ke pazcAt usake putra vikramasena ke zAsanakAla meM bhI sAdhAraNatayA deza samRddha aura sabala rahA / vikramasena ke zAsana ke antima dinoM meM zakoM ke punaH prAkramaNa hone prArambha hue aura videzI zakoM ne bhArata ke pazcimottara pradeza ke kaI kSetroM para apanA Adhipatya jamA liyaa| vikramasena kI mRtyu ke pazcAt zakoM ke AkramaNoM kA dabAva bar3hatA hI gayA / - 'bAdazAMgApaM-kuzalA, dazapUrvadharAzca te| [uttara purANa, parva 76, zlo. 523]

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sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla (vIra ni. saM. 584 se 1000) sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla ke prAcAya 16. prAcArya rakSita prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 584 se 567 20. prAcArya durbalikA puSyamitra prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 597 se 617 21. prAcArya vanasena prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 617 se 620 22. prAcArya nAgahastI (nAgendra) prAcAryakAla - vI. ni. saM. 620 se 686 23. prAcArya revatImitra prAcAryakAla - 686 se 748 24. prAcArya siMha AcAryakAla -748 se 826 25. prAcArya nAgArjuna prAcAryakAla - 826 se 604 26. prAcArya bhUtavinna prAcAryakAla - 604 se 683 27. prAcArya kAlakAcArya (caturtha) prAcAryakAla - 683 se 664 28. prAcArya satyamitra prAcAryakAla-964 se 1001

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sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla vIra ni0 saM0 170 se 584 taka ke dazapUrvadharakAla ke AcAryoM kA paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| vIra ni0 saM0 584 se vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka sAmAnya pUrvadharakAla rahA / isa avadhi meM Arya rakSita sArddhanava pUrvo ke jJAtA prAcArya hue| prArya rakSita ke pazcAt bhI pUrvajJAna kI kramazaH parihAni hotI rahI / ArakSita ke pazcAt hone vAle AcAryoM meM kauna-kauna se AcArya kitane-kitane pUrvI ke jJAtA rahe, etadviSayaka koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / aisI dazA meM nizcita rUpa se to yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka sampUrNa rUpeNa 1 pUrva kA aura zeSa pUrvo kA prAMzika jJAna vidyamAna rahA / 23. revatInakSatra - vAcanAcArya 24. revatImitra - yugapradhAnAcArya Arya nAgahastI ke pazcAt zrAryaM revatInakSatra vAcanAcArya hue| vAcanAcArya revatInakSatra aura yugapradhAnAcArya revatInakSatra eka hI zrAcArya the athavA bhinna-bhinna, isa prazna kA spaSTIkaraNa karane vAlA koI prAmANika ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / ina donoM grAcAryoM ke nAma meM paryApta sAmya hone ke kAraNa prAyaH pratyeka vyakti ko yaha bhrAnti ho sakatI hai ki revatInakSatra aura revatImitra eka hI zrAcArya ke do nAma haiM, jo vAcanAcArya bhI the aura yugapradhAnAcArya bhI / kintu vAcanAcArya zraura yuga pradhAnAcArya ina donoM paramparAmroM ke prAcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para spaSTataH yaha anumAna hone lagatA hai ki vastutaH vAcanAcArya revatInakSatra aura yugapradhAnAcArya revatImitra bhinna-bhinna meM hue do bhinna prAcArya the / samaya jisa prakAra pAdalipta ke gurU evaM Arya rakSita ke samakAlIna vAcanAcArya Arya nAgahastI aura Arya vajrasena ke ziSya yugapradhAnAcArya prArya nAgahastI ( nAgendra) ke bIca kAla kA paryApta vyavadhAna honA siddha kiyA jA cukA hai, ThIka usI prakAra brahmadvIpakasiMha ke ziSya zrAryaM revatInakSatra se nAgendra ke ziSya Arya revatImitra bhI paryApta kAla pazcAt hone cAhiye / Arya vajrasena ke samaya ke AsapAsa hone ke kAraNa vAcanAcArya revatInakSatra kA svargagamana adhika se adhika vIra nirvAraNa saM0 640-650 ke AsapAsa honA cAhiye jabaki yugapradhAnAcArya zrArya revatImitra kA svargagamana vIra ni0 saM0.7480 meM mAnA gayA hai, jo Arya 'revatInakSatra ke svargagamana se lagabhaga 100 varSa pazcAt kA ThaharatA hai / prAyaM revatInakSatra kI stuti karate hue prAcArya devavAcaka ne bhI kahA hai : "revatInakSatra kA vAcakavaMza varddhamAn ho / " AcArya devavAcaka ne prArya vaDDhau vAyagavaMso, revainakkhatta nAmAraNaM / [ naMdI - sthavirAvalI ]

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560 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya revatInakSatra revatInakSatra ke zarIra kA varNa jAtIya aMjana, pakI dAkha athavA nIla kamala ke samAna zyAma batAyA hai| Arya revatInakSatra ke samaya meM vAcakavaMza kI ullekhanIya abhivRddhi huI thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAgama-vAcanA meM pApa viziSTa rUpa se kuzala the| Apake janma, dIkSA Adi kAla kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / prArya rakSita - yugapradhAnAcArya ____Arya vajrasvAmI ke pazcAt prArya rakSita eka viziSTa yugapradhAna prAcArya mAne gaye haiN| inakA janma vIra ni0 saM0 522 meM, dIkSA 22 varSa kI vaya hone para vIra ni0 saM0 544 meM, yugapradhAnapada 40 varSa taka sAmAnya zramaNaparyAya pAlana ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 584 meM aura 75 varSa kI pUrNAyu ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 597 meM svargavAsa mAnA gayA hai| kucha prAcAryoM ne vIra ni0 saM0.584 meM ApakA svargavAsa honA batAyA hai| Apake dIkSAguru prAcArya toSaliputra aura vidyAguru Arya vajra mAne gaye haiN| Avazyaka riNa Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM ApakA paricaya isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai : mAlava pradeza ke dazapura (mandasora) nAmaka nagara meM somadeva nAmaka eka brAhmaNa purohita rahate the| unakI dharmapatnI rudrasomA jainadharma kI upAsikA thii| somadeva ke jyeSTha putra kA nAma rakSita aura dUsare kA phalgurakSita thaa| somadeva ne apane putra rakSita ko dazapura meM zikSA dilAne ke pazcAt ucca zikSA ke lie pATalIputra bhejaa| pratibhAzAlI kizora rakSita ne pATalIputra meM raha kara svalpa samaya meM hI veda-vedAMgAdi 14 vidyAoM meM niSNAtatA prApta kI aura adhyayana samApta karane ke pazcAt dazapura lautte| ucca zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt apane purohita-putra ke lauTane kA samAcAra suna kara dazapura ke rAjA ne aura nAgarikoM ne rakSita kA bhavya svAgata kiyaa| svAgatArtha upasthita logoM meM Arya rakSita ko unakI mAtA rudrasomA kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM huii| saba logoM kA abhivAdana svIkAra karane ke pazcAt rakSita ne ghara Akara mAtA ko praNAma kiyaa| sAmAyika meM hone ke kAraNa rudrasomA ne apane putra kI prora madhyasthabhAva se dekhA aura 'svAgataM' kaha vaha punaH Atmacintana meM lIna ho gii| mAtA kI ora se apekSita vAtsalya aura ullAsa kA abhAva aura madhyastha bhAva dekha kara rakSita ne pUchA - "amba ! mere vidyAdhyayana kara lauTane para nagara meM sabako prasannatA hai para tumhAre mukha para mujhe santoSa dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| isakA kyA kAraNa hai ?" mAtA rudrasomA ne kahA- "putra ! tumane hiMsAvarddhaka grantha par3he haiM, isase to janma-maraNa rUpI bhavabhramaNa kI hI vRddhi ho sakatI hai| aisI dazA meM mujhe santoSa kisa prakAra ho ? sva-para kA kalyANa karane vAle dRSTivAda ko par3hakara pAyA hotA to mujhe santoSa hotaa|"

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sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prAcArya rakSita rakSita ne bar3I jijJAsApUrvaka dRSTivAda aura usake jJAtA prAdi ke sambandha meM apanI mAtA se aneka prazna kiye aura mAtA ne putra kI jijJAsA ko zAMta karate hue kahA - "putra ! ikSuvATikA meM prAcArya toSaliputra virAjamAna haiM, ve dRSTivAda ke jJAtA haiN|" "kala hI maiM unake pAsa adhyayanArtha calA jaauuNgaa|" - yaha kaha kara rakSita ne mAtA ko Azvasta kiyA aura dUsare dina prAtaHkAla hote hI mAtA kI mAjJA le vaha dazapura se ikSuvATikA kI ora prasthita humA / nagara se bAhara nikalate hI rakSita ko sAmane kI ora se prAte hae eka vRddha sajjana mile jo somadeva ke bAlasakhA the| yathocita abhivAdanAdi ke pazcAt rakSita kA paricaya milate hI Agantuka vRddha ne harSa prakaTa karate hue kahA- "putra maiM tumheM dekhane ke lie hI AyA hU~ / lo, maiM tumhAre lie yaha saugAta lAyA huuN|" yaha kaha kara vRddha ne 6 pUrNa aura eka AdhA isa taraha sAr3he nau ikSudaNDa rakSita kI ora bddh'aaye| rakSita ne vinamra svara meM vRddha se kahA- "tAta ! maiM adhyayanArtha bAhara jA rahA hai| prApa ghara padhAreM, ye ikSayaSTiyAM mAtA ko hI de deM aura kaha deM ki rakSita mujhe mila gayA thaa|" . isa prakAra Agantuka se thor3I dera taka bAta karane ke pazcAt rakSita apane gantavya sthAna kI ora Age bddh'aa| ikSuvATikA pahu~cane ke pazcAt rakSita yaha socate hue upAzraya ke bAhara hI khar3A ho gayA ki AcArya ke pAsa kisa prakAra jAnA aura abhivAdana karanA cAhiye / rakSita isa prakAra soca hI rahA thA ki eka zrAvaka upAzraya ke andara se AyA aura daihikacintA se nivRtta ho punaH upAzraya meM lauTane lgaa| rakSita ne bhI tatkSaNa usa zrAvaka kA anusaraNa karate hue upAzraya meM praveza kara prAcArya toSaliputra ko vidhipUrvaka usI taraha praNAma kiyA jisa prakAra ki usa zrAvaka ne kiyaa| prAcArya ne navAgantuka ko yathAvidhi vaMdana karate hue dekhakara pUchA- "vatsa tumane yaha dharmakriyA kA jJAna kahAM se pAyA?" Arya rakSita ne usa zrAvaka kI ora iMgita karate hue kahA - "inase / " tadanantara prAcArya dvArA Agamana kA kAraNa pUchane para rakSita ne vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! maiM dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karane ke lie pApakI sevA meM pAyA hai|" AcArya dvArA yaha kahane para ki dRSTivAda kA jJAna to dIkSita hone para ho diyA jA sakatA hai, rakSita tatkAla dIkSA grahaNa karane ke lie saharSa ubata ho gyaa| zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAta rakSita muni ne apane guru toSalipatra se nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! yahAM ke rAjA kA aura sabhI nAgarikoM kA mere

Page #722
592 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prArya rakSita prati atyadhika manarAga hai| mujhe mAzaMkA hai ki ve loga kahIM mujhe balAt ghara lauTA kara na le jAeM prataH mere lie zreyaskara yahI hai ki aba zIghra hI yahAM se kisI anya sthAna ke lie vihAra kara diyA jaay|" navadIkSita muni rakSita kI prArthanA svIkAra kara prAcArya toSaliputra ne apane ziSyasamUha sahita ikSuvATikA se vihAra kara diyaa| guru-sevA meM raha kara bar3I lagana ke sAtha adhyayana karate hue muni rakSita ne alpa samaya meM hI prAcArAMga mAdi ekAdaza maMgoM kA pUrNa adhyayana aura dRSTivAda kA jitanA jJAna prAcArya toSaliputra ke pAsa thA, usakA adhyayana kara liyaa| .. tadanantara pAcArya toSaliputra ne muni rakSita ko pUrvo ke agretana adhyayana ke lie daza pUrvadhara prAcArya va svAmI ke pAsa bhejaa| Arya vajra kI sevA meM jAte samaya muni rakSita ujjayinI phuNce| vahAM sthavira bhadragupta ne yuvA muni rakSita kA svAgata karate hue kahA- "vatsa! tuma ThIka samaya para A gye| aba merA antima samaya mA cukA hai| merI saMlekhanA meM yahAM anya koI niryAmaka nahIM hai prataH tuma niryAmaka bana kara merI saMlekhanA pUrNa hone taka yahAM mere pAsa hI raho jisase ki merI saMlekhanA pUrNa samAdhi ke sAtha sampanna ho / " tapodhana zramaNazreSTha sthavira kI antima sevA ke svariNama suyoga ko apanA mahobhAgya samajha kara muni rakSita ujjayinI meM sthavira bhadragupta ke pAsa rahe aura unhoMne bar3I lagana ke sAtha unakI sevA kii| / anta meM sthavira bhadragupta ne muni rakSita se kahA - "vatsa ! tuma pUrvo kA mAna prAptakarane ke lie prAcArya vadha ke pAsa jA rahe ho, yaha to ThIka hai para tuma unase alaga upAzraya meM Thahara kara vidyAbhyAsa krnaa| kyoMki isa samaya prArya vajra kI janma kuNDalI meM isa prakAra kA yoga par3A huA hai ki jo koI bhI unake pAsa eka rAtri ke lie bhI ThaharegA, usakA unhIM ke sAtha maraNa honA sunizcita hai|" mArya rakSita ne sthavira bhadragupta kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kiyaa| sthavira bhadragupta ke samAdhipUrvaka svargagamana ke pazcAt Arya rakSita ne Arya vaja kI sevA meM upasthita hone ke lie ujjayinI se vihAra kiyaa| ve sIdhe Arya vaja ke upAzraya meM na jAkara eka pRyaka sthAna meM Thahare / prAtaHkAla rakSita muni prAcArya vaSa kI sevA meM phuNce| mArya rakSita ke upAzraya meM pahu~cane se kucha samaya pahale prAcArya vaja ne apane ziSyoM se kahA- "maiMne Aja rAtri ke avasAna samaya meM svapna dekhA ki eka prAgantuka hamAre yahAM pAyA aura mere pAtra meM rakhA huA adhikAMza dUdha usane pI liyA, alpa dugdha hI zeSa rhaa|" jisa samaya mAyaM vaja apane ziSyoM se yaha kaha hI rahe the, usI samaya Arya rakSita ne unakI sevA meM pahu~ca kara savidhi bhaktisahita vandana kiyaa| / prAcArya vajasvAmI ne prAgantuka se pUchA - "kahAM se Aye ho|" muni rakSita ne kahA - "prArya toSaliputra kI sannidhi se|'

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sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mArya revatI nakSatra prAcArya vajra ne pUchA - "kyA tuma prArya rakSita ho ?" vinayAvanata ho Arya rakSita ne kahA - "hAM, bhagavan / " prAcArya vajra ne "svAgatam" kaha kara pUchA - "kyA tuma yaha nahIM jAnate ki pRthak sthAna meM rahate hue samIcIna rUpa se adhyayana nahIM hotA ?" Arya rakSita ne jaba prAcArya bhadragupta se prApta nirdeza ke anusAra pRthaka Thaharane kI bAta kahI to prAcArya vajra ne kahA - "ThIka hai, svargastha prAcArya ne kisI kAraNa se hI aisA rahA hogaa|" tadanantara prAcArya vajra ne prArya rakSita ko pUrvo kI zikSA denA prArambha kiyaa| mahAmedhAvI Arya rakSita ne bar3I lagana aura tatparatA se adhyayana karate hue alpa samaya meM hI nava (6) pUrvo kI zikSA pUrNa kara lI aura dazaveM pUrva kA adhyayana prArambha kiyaa| __udhara Arya rakSita ke mAtA-pitA putraviyoga se cintita ho socane lage - "aho ! hamane socA thA ki putra udyota karegA para vaha to ghara meM aMdherA kara calA gyaa|". unhoMne Arya rakSita ko bulA lAne ke lie apane kaniSTha putra phalgurakSita ko bhejaa| . phalgurakSita ne Arya rakSita ke pAsa pahu~ca kara kahA - "mAtA Apako ahaniza smaraNa karatI rahatI hai| Apa agara eka bAra dazapura calo to mAtApitA Adi sabhI svajana pravrajyA grahaNa kara leNge|" __Arya rakSita pUrNataH adhyAtmajJAna meM rama cuke the| unhoMne samajha liyA thA - "saMsAra ke sabhI sambandha nazvara haiN| tana, dhana, parijana de koI merA nahIM hai| maiM zarIra se bhinna zuddha cetana hU~ / jJAna merA svabhAva aura viveka hI merA mitra hai|" - unhoMne phalgurakSita se kahA - "vatsa ! yadi mere calane para mAtA-pitA Adi pravrajyA grahaNa karane ke lie tatpara haiM, to pahale tuma to pravrajyA grahaNa kara lo|" phalgurakSita ne tatkAla pravrajyA grahaNa kara lI aura ve zramaNadharma kA yathAvidhi pAlana karate hue sadA pArya rakSita ko dazapura calane kI smRti karAte rahe / eka dina Arya rakSita ne prAcArya vajra se pUchA - "bhagavan ! aba dazavAM pUrva kitanA aura par3hanA zeSa hai ?'' prAcArya vajra ne kahA - "vatsa abhI to sindhu meM se bindu jitanA huA hai aura samudra jitanA zeSa hai|" Arya rakSita ne itanA vizAla jJAna arjana karanA apane sAmarthya se bAhara mamajha kara Arya vajra se dazapura jAne kI anumati cAhI para Arya vajra ne unheM aAzvasta karate hue kahA - "vatsa ! dhairya dhAgA karo / abhI aura pddh'o|".. 1 dazamasyAsya pUrvasya, mayAdhIna kiytprbho| avaziSTa kiyacceti, saprasAdaM samAdiza / / [pariziSTa parva, sarga 13]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ prAcArya rakSita "yathAjJApayati deva !" kaha kara prArya rakSita ne punaH Age par3hanA prArambha kiyA, para kyoMki aba unheM pahale ke samAna AtmavizvAsa nahIM rahA thA ki ve avaziSTa prathAha jJAna ko hRdayaMgama kara sakeMge ataH ve punaH punaH AcArya vajra se dazapura jAne ke lie anumati cAhane lage / isa para prAcArya vajra ke mana meM vicAra prAyA ki kyA dazavAM pUrva unake dehAvasAna ke sAtha hI vicchinna ho jAyagA ? unhoMne jJAnopayoga lagA kara dekhA - "vastutaH aba prArya rakSita dazapura jAne ke pazcAt lauTa kara nahIM AyegA / " na koI aisA anya suyogya pAtra hI dRSTigocara hotA hai, jo samasta pUrvajJAna ko grahaNa kara sake aura na merA AyuSya hI aba itanA avaziSTa hai / aisI dazA meM dazavAM pUrva merI AyusamApti ke sAtha hI bharatakSetra se naSTa ho jAyagA / " 514 isa prakAra apane jJAnopayoga se avazyaMbhAvI bhavitavya ko dekha kara prAcArya vajra ne antatogatvA zrArya rakSita ko dazapura jAne kI anumati pradAna kara dI / isa prakAra prArya rakSita 6 pUrvo kA sampUrNa aura dazaveM pUrva kA prapUrNa - prAdhA jJAna hI prApta kara sake / zrAcArya vajra kI anumati prApta hote hI ve apane anuja muni phalgurakSita ke sAtha dazapura kI ora prasthita hue| dazapura pahu~cane ke pazcAt prArya rakSita ne apane mAtA-pitA Adi parijanoM ko upadeza dekara pratibuddha kiyA / isake phalasvarUpa ve saba zramaraNadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye / rakSita ke pitA khaMta ( vRddha muni) somadeva bhI putrAnurAgavaza unake sAtha vicarate rahe para bAlyakAla se cale A rahe saMskAra aura lajjAvaza ve nirgrantha ke lie vihita liMga veza dhAraNa nahIM kara pAye / unheM Arambha meM chatra, upAnat, yajJopavIta Adi dhAraNa karane kI chUTa dekara phira zanaiH zanaiH pUrNarUpeNa sAdhumArga meM sthira kiyA gayA / 1 navadIkSita sAdhu ko lekara prArya rakSita apane guru Arya toSaliputra kI sevA meM pahu~ce / sAr3he nau pUrvo ke jJAnadhArI apane ziSya zrAryaM rakSita ko dekha kara prAcArya toSaliputra ne parama saMtoSa kA anubhava kiyA aura unheM sarvathA yogya samajha kara apanA uttarAdhikArI prAcArya niyukta kiyA / prAcArya rakSita ne vibhinna kSetroM meM vihAra kara aneka bhavyajanoM ko prabodha diyA / Avazyaka niyukti meM Arya rakSita ko anuyogoM kA pRthakkartA batAne ke sAtha-sAtha unheM zakrendra dvArA vandita bhI batAyA gayA hai / "devidavaMdiehi " isa vizeSaraNa kI sArthakatA batAte hue prAvazyaka niyukti meM batAyA gayA hai ki sImaMdharasvAmI ke mukhAravinda se prArya zyAma ( prathama kAlakAcArya ) kI hI taraha zrayaM rakSita kI nigoda vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM prazaMmA suna kara indra Arya rakSita kI " so'thAmaMstetyatoyAto, nAyamAyAsyati punaH / 2 tathA dazamapUrva ca mayyeva sthAsyati dhruvam [ pariziSTa parva, sarga 13] [ prabhAvaka ca0 pR0 12]

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565 sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : prArya revatI nakSatra parIkSA lene pAyA aura unake mukha se nigoda kI sUkSmatara vyAkhyA sunakara bar3A prasanna humaa|' anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa manuyogoM ke pRthakkartA ke rUpa meM prArya rakSita kA nAma jaina itihAsa meM sadA amara rhegaa| jaina zAsana meM prArambha se hI yaha paddhati rahI hai ki prAcArya apane medhAvI ziSyoM ko mAgama ke choTe-bar3e sabhI sUtroM kI vAcanA dete samaya cAroM anuyogoM kA unheM bodha karA diyA karate the| unakI vAcanA kA vaha sahI rUpa hamAre samakSa nahIM hai tathApi itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vAcanA dete samaya pratyeka sUtra para mAcAradharma, unake pAlanakartA, unake sAdhanakSetra kA vistAra bhora niyama grahaNa kI koTi evaM bhaMga mAdi kA varNana kara sabhI anuyogoM kA eka sAtha bodha karA dete hoNge| isI ko apRthaktvAnuyoga vAcanA kahA jAtA hai| apRyaktvAnuyoga kI vyAkhyA karate hue prAvazyaka malayagiri vRtti meM kahA gayA hai - "jaba caraNakaraNAnuyoga prAdi cAroM anuyogoM kA pratyeka sUtra para vicAra kiyA jAya to use apRthaktvAnuyoga kahate haiN| prapRthaktvAnuyoga meM vibhinna naya-dRSTiyoM kA avataraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura usameM pratyeka sUtra para vistAra ke sAtha carcA kI jAtI hai| para pRthaktvAnuyoga kI vyavasthA meM aisA karanA Avazyaka nahIM hotaa|" vAcanA kI yaha prapRthaktvAnuyogAtmaka paddhati Arya vaja taka akSuNNarUpeNa calatI rhii.| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai : "mArya vajasvAmI taka kAlika mAgamoM ke anuyoga (vAcanA) meM anuyogoM kA apRthaktva rUpa rahA, usake pazcAt mArya rakSita se kAlika-zruta aura dRSTivAda ke pRSaka manuyoga kI vyavasthA kI gii|" prayogoM ke pRthakkaraNa ko vaha ghaTanA isa prakAra hai :- "prArya rakSita ke dharmazAsana meM zAnI, dhyAnI, tapasvI mora vAdI sabhI prakAra ke sAdhu the| prArya rakSita ke una ziSyoM meM puSyamitra nAma ke tIna ziSya viziSTa guNasampanna aura mahAmedhAvI the| unameM se eka ko durbalikApuSyamitra dUsare ko ghRtapuSyamitra aura tIsare ko vastrapuSyamitra ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| dUsare aura tIsare puSyamitra muni lanSisampanna the| deviMdaradiehiM mahAlumAvehi raksiya prabehi / jugamAsaba bihatto, paNumogo tA kamo pauhA // 774 / / [pAvazyaka malayagiri vRtti, pa0 361 (2)] 'papuhuttamegamAvo, sute sute subitvaraM gatya / bhannaMtaNubhogA, baraNapammasaMtAgadapANaM // [pAvazyaka malayagiri vRtti pR0 383 (2)] ' jAti pragyArA apuratta bAniyAmoge ya / teNAreNa puita kAnivakhuSa viTThiyAre 4 // 163 / /

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566 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa ghRtapuSyamitra apanI labdhi ke prabhAva se sAdhunoM ko jitane ghRta kI AvazyakatA hotI utanA hI ghRta aura vastra-puSyamitra vastralabdhi ke pratApa se zramaraNoM kI AvazyakatAnusAra vastra kisI garIba se garIba gRhastha ke yahAM se bhI prApta kara sakate the| labdhi ke kAraNa una donoM ko pratyeka grahastha kramazaH ghRta aura vastra dene ke lie saharSa udyata rahatA thaa| durbalikApuSyamitra svAdhyAya ke bar3e rasika the ataH aharniza svAdhyAya meM nirata rahate the| nirantara svAdhyAya ke kAraNa ve bar3e durbala ho gaye the| guru-caraNoM meM rahakara satata. adhyayana karate hue unhoMne pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kara liyaa| . Arya rakSita ke gaNa meM durbalikApuSyamitra, vindha, phalgurakSita aura gASThAmAhila ye cAra sarvAdhika pratibhA evaM yogyatAsampanna muni mAne jAte the| unakA anya sAdhunoM para bhI bar3A prabhAva thaa| inameM vindha muni pratyanta meghAvI aura sUtrArtha kI dhAraNA meM pUrNataH samartha the| adhyayana ke samaya anya zikSArthI sAdhuoM ke sAtha unheM jitanA sUtrapATha prAcArya zrI se prApta hotA thA, usase unako saMtoSa nahIM hotA thaa| muni vindya ne eka dina prAcArya kI sevA meM nivedana kiyA"bhagavan ! mujhe paryApta sUtrapATha nahIM mila pAne ke kAraNa merA adhyayana samIcIna rUpeNa nahIM ho rahA hai ataH kRpA kara mere lie eka pRthaka vAcanAcArya kI vyavasthA kreN|" prAcArya rakSita ne muni viMdya kI prArthanA svIkAra kara prArya durbalikApuSyamitra ko AjJA dI ki ve vindya muni ko vAcanA deN| katipaya dinoM taka vindya mani ko vAcanA dene ke pazcAt durbalikApuSyamitra ne prAcArya kI sevA meM upasthita ho nivedana kiyA- "gurudeva ! muni vindya ko vAcanA dene meM nirata rahane ke kAraNa maiM paThita jJAna kA pUrA parAvartana nahIM kara pAtA ataH aneka sUtrapATha mere smRtipaTala se tirohita ho rahe haiN| pahale pArivArika logoM ke yahAM Ane-jAne ke kAraNa bhI parAvartana nahIM ho pAyA thaa| isa prakAra merA nauveM pUrva kA jJAna naSTa ho rahA hai|" apane medhAvI ziSya durbalikApuSyamitra ke mukha se vismaraNa kI bAta suna kara prAcArya rakSita ne socA - "jaba aise parama medhAvI muni ko bhI paThitArtha kA smaraNa na karane ke kAraNa vismaraNa ho rahA hai to anya kI kyA sthiti hogI ?" upayoga-bala se prAcArya rakSita ne bhaviSyakAlIna sAdhuoM (ziSyoM) kI dhAraNAzakti ko maMda jAna kara una para anugraha karate hue, ve sukhapUrvaka graharaNa aura dhAraNa kara sakeM isake lie pratyeka sUtra ke anuyoga pRthaka kara diye| apariNAmI aura atipariNAmI ziSya nayadRSTi kA mUla bhAva nahIM samajha kara kahIM kabhI ekAnta jJAna, kabhI ekAnta kriyA yA ekAnta nizcaya athavA ekAnta vyavahAra ko

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..anuyogoM kA pRSakakaraNa] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mAyaM revatI nakSatra 567 . hI upAdeya nahIM mAna leM tathA sUkSma viSaya meM mithyAbhAva nahIM prahaNa kareM, etadartha nayoMkA vibhAga nahIM kiyaa| mArya rakha- gaNAcArya mArya vajra ke mArya vanasena, prArya padma aura Arya ratha - ye tIna pramukha ziSya the| pArya vanasena ko kAlAntara meM prArya rakSita tathA prArya durbalikA puSyamitra ke pazcAta yugapradhAnAcArya pada para niyukta kiyA gyaa| mArya padya se mArya pamA zAkhA tathA pArya ratha se jayantI zAkhA ke prakaTa hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| kalpa sthavirAvalI meM Arya vajra ke svargagamana ke pazcAt sthavira prArya ratha ko garaNAcArya niyukta kiyA jAnA aura unase pracalita huI prAcArya-paramparA ko pramukha paramparA batAyA gayA hai| kalpa sthavirAvalI ke etadviSayaka pahale sUtra ' (ka) nAUNa raksiyajo, maimehAdhAraNAsamaggaMpi / kiccheNaM gharamANaM, supaNNavaM pUsamitta pi // bhaisayakamovanogo, mimehaadhaarnnaaiprihiiye| nAUNa messapurise, khettaM kAlANusvaM ca // sANuggaho'Numoge, vIsuMkAsI ya supavibhAgeNa / suhagahaNAinimitta, nae ya sunigUhiya vibhAge // savisayamasaddahatA, nayANa tammattayaM ca gennhtaa| mantratAya viroha, prprinnaamaatiprinnaamaa|| gancheja mA hu micchaM, pariNAmA ya suhumAdi bhubhee| holA satte ghettuM, na kAlie to nyvibhaago||| [Avazyaka malaya, pR0 366 (1)] (sa) pAvazyakaNi (ga) zrutvetyacintayat suuririihgmessaanidhiyNdi| vismaratyAgamaM tahi kojyastaM dhArayiSyati // 240 tatazcaturvidhaH kAryo'nuyogo'taH paraM myaa| tato'GgopAGga mUlAkhya graMthacchedakRtAgamaH // 241 ayaM caraNakaraNAnuyogaH parikIrtitaH / uttarAdhyayanAbastu, samyagdharmakathAparaH // 242 (gha) sUryaprajJaptimusyastu gaNitasya nigadyate / imyasya dRSTivAdo'nuyogAzcatvAra IdRzaH // 243 [prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 17] (5) nAUNa gahaNadhAraNahANi cahA pihIko jeNa / pramogo taM devidavaMdiyaM rakkhiyaM vande // 210 . [RSimaMDalastotra] (ba) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya .rasaka prajjavaharassa goyamasaguttassa ime tinni mantevAsI......."hotthA / there prajja pAraseNe, ghere majja paume, there majja rahe // 14 . [kalpa sthavirAvalI]

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568 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga meM gautama gotrIya prAyaM vajra se vajrI zAkhA kA prakaTa honA prArya ratha se jayantI zAkhA ke prakaTa hone kA ullekha hai / " kalpa sUtrastha sthavirAvalI meM Arya ratha se pracalita huI zrAcArya paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA hI gaNAcArya paramparA ke rUpa meM nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai ataH prastuta grantha meM bhI kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI kA anusaraNa karate hue use pramukha mAnakara garaNa paramparA ke rUpa meM usa hI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| durbhAgya hai ki Arya ratha se pracalita huI isa gaNAcArya paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA nAmollekha ke atirikta koI paricaya prAja upalabdha nahIM hotaa| dUsarI ora gurvAvalI, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI aura vIravaMzAvalI zrAdi meM vajrasena ke pazcAt prArya candra se prAcArya paramparA calatI hai / aisI sthiti meM prArya ratha se calane vAlI prAcArya paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA koI paricaya upalabdha na hone ke kAraraNa yahAM unake nAma mAtra batAye jA sakeMge / aura zrArya candra se calane vAlI paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA yatkicit jo paricaya prApta hotA hai, use yahAM saMkSepataH diyA jAyagA / [prAyaM ratha gaNAcArya tathA pragale sUtra meM sAtavAM nihava goSThAmA hila sAtavAM evaM antima nihnava goSThAmAhila vIra ni0 saM0 584 meM huA / goSThA mAhila ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ke viparIta prapasiddhAnta 'prabaddhikadarzana' kA prarUpaNa evaM pravartana kiyA ata: vaha nihnava kahalAyA / goSThAmAhila zraura usake dvArA prarUpita prabaddhika darzana kA paricaya yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai / apane jIvana ke antima varSa meM prArya rakSita udyata vihAra se aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue eka dina apane ziSya parivAra sahita dazapura nagara ke bahirAMcala meM avasthita ikSudhara nAmaka sthAna meM padhAre / una dinoM mathurA meM prakriyAvAdiyoM kA varcasva bar3ha rahA thaa| unhoMne sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ko zAstrArtha ke liye cunautI dii| prakriyAvAdiyoM ke sAtha vAda karane kA kisI vidvAn ne sAhasa taka nahIM kiyaa| jaina dharma kI ciramajita pratiSThA kI rakSArthaM saMgha ne ekatrita hokara vicAra-vimarza kiyA / anya kisI vidvAn ko prakriyAvAdiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane meM samartha na pAkara saMgha ne prArtha rakSita ke pAsa dazapura ( mandasaura) sandeza bhejakara unheM mathurA meM zrAkara prakriyAvAdiyoM ko parAsta karane kI prArthanA kii| pravrajita hone ke prathama dina se hI apane karma samUhoM ko tapa-saMyama kI pracaNDa jvAlAoM meM bhasmAvazeSa kara DAlane kA har3a saMkalpa liye Arya rakSita apane zarIra ko asthipaMjara mAtra banA cuke the / . isake uparAnta ve bahuta vRddha ho cuke the aura unheM yaha vidita thA ki unake jIvana 'therehito gAM prajja vairehiMto goyamasagutehiMto itya gaM prajja vairIsAhA ggiyA ||13|| rohitAM ajja ra hehito ittha gaM prajja jayaMtI sAhA NiggayA || 14 [kalpa sthavirAvalA ]

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sAtavAM nihava goSThAmAhila] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya revatI nakSatra 569 kA antima samaya aba sanikaTa A cukA hai| aisI sthiti meM unhoMne apanA jAnA ucita na samajhakara zAstrArtha meM kuzala evaM suyogya apane ziSya goSThAmAhila ko mathurA bhejaa| __ apane guru kI AjJA ko zirodhArya kara goSThAmAhila mathurA phuNce| prakriyAvAdiyoM ke sAtha goSThAmAhila ne zAstrArtha prArambha kiyaa| goSThAmAhila ke prabala tarkoM evaM akATya yuktiyoM ke samakSa prakriyAvAdiyoM ke paira ukhar3a gye| madhyasthoM evaM sabhyoM ne sarvasammata samaveta svaroM meM prakriyAvAdiyoM ko parAjita aura goSThAmAhila ko vijayI ghoSita kiyaa| jinazAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA huI aura saMgha meM sarvatra harSa kI hiloreM laharA utthiiN| vijayI hokara goSThAmAhila gurusevA meM dazapura lautte| unake sAtha mathurA saMgha ke pratiSThita pratinidhi bhI the| unhoMne Arya rakSita se prArthanA kI ki ve muni goSThAmAhila ko mathurA nagarI meM cAturmAsa karane kI prAjJA pradAna kreN| saMgha kI prAgraha evaM anunayavinayapUrNa vinati ko Arya rakSita ne svIkAra kiyA aura goSThAmAhila ne punaH mathurA kI ora vihAra kiyaa| cAturmAsAvadhi meM jaba Arya rakSita dazapura meM aura unake ziSya goSThAmAhila mathurA meM the, usa samaya Arya rakSita ne apane zarIra kI sthiti kSINa aura prAyu kA antima samaya samIpa samajhakara saMgha ke samakSa apane uttarAdhikArI ke viSaya meM vicAra vimarza kiyaa| prArya rakSita ke ziSya-sagraha meM ghRtapuSyamitra, vastrapuSyamitra, durbalikA puSyamitra, vindya, phalgurakSita aura goSThAmAhila ye 6 ziSya bar3e pratibhAthAlI the| Arya rakSita ke munimaNDala meM se katipaya muni mArya phalgurakSita ko aura kucha muni goSThAmAhila ko prAcArya pada kA uttarAdhikArI banAne ke pakSa meM the| para Arya rakSita kevala durbalikApuSyamitra ko hI apane uttarAdhikArI prAcArya pada ke yogya samajhate the| apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta karane ke prazna ke sambandha meM jaba prArya rakSita ne apane ziSyasamaha meM matabheda dekhA to unhoMne bar3I hI sUjhabUjha se kAma liyaa| sabako ekatrita kara ve bole- "kalpanA karo kucha iMgitajJa zrAvakoM ne yahAM tIna ghar3e prastuta kiye| unameM se eka ghar3e meM ur3ada, dUsare meM tela aura tIsare meM dhRta bharA aura sAdhusamUha evaM samasta saMgha ke samakSa una tInoM ghar3oM ko dUsare tIna ghar3oM meM kramazaH ulTA karavA diyaa| una tInoM rikta ghar3oM meM kitanA kitanA ur3ada, tela aura ghRta pravaziSTa rahegA ?" mArya rakSita kA prazna sunakara ziSyoM evaM zrAvakapramukhoM ne uttara diyA"bhagavan ! jo ghaTa ur3ada se bharA thA, vaha pUrNataH rikta ho jAyagA, tela ke ghaTa meM thor3A bahuta tela.pravaziSTa raha jAyagA para ghRta ke ghaTa meM ghRta idhara-udhara cAroM pora cipake rahane ke kAraNa paryApta mAtrA meM pravaziSTa raha jaaygaa|" - prArya rakSita ne apane ziSyasamUha aura saMghamukhyoM ko sambodhita karate hue nirNAyaka svara meM kahA- "ur3ada dhAnya ke pada kI taraha meM prapanA samasta mAna

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600 - jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAtavAM nihnava goSThAmAhila durbalikApuSyamitra meM uMDaila cukA huuN| jisa prakAra pUrI taraha uMDela diye jAne para bhI tela ke ghaDe tathA ghI ke ghaDe meM thoDI mAtrA meM tela aura usase adhika mAtrA meM ghata avaziSTa raha jAtA hai, usI prakAra zeSa ziSya mere sampUrNa jJAna ko grahaNa nahIM kara sake haiN|" Arya rakSita ke isa saMkSipta kintu sAragabhita evaM yuktiyukta nirNaya se uttarAdhikAra kA prazna tatkSaraNa hala ho gyaa| ziSyasamUha sahita samasta saMgha ne sarvasammati se dUrbalikApuSyamitra ko prAryarakSita kA uttarAdhikArI svIkAra kiyaa| prArya rakSita ne navanirvAcita prAcArya durbalikApuSyamitra aura saMgha ko saMgha-saMcAlana viSayaka nirdeza diye| tadanantara adhyAtma-dhyAna meM lIna ho Arya rakSita ne samAdhipUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| prArya rakSita ke svargArohaNa ke samAcAra sunakara goSThAmAhila bhI cAturmAsa kI samApti ke pazcAt sAdhusaMgha ke pAsa Aye aura prArya durbalikApuSyamitra ke gaNAcArya pada para niyukta kiye jAne kI bAta sunakara bar3e khinna hue|' zramaraNasaMgha evaM zrAvakasaMgha dvArA unheM samajhAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA gayA para goSThAmAhila ne kisI kI bAta para koI dhyAna nahIM diyA aura ve saba sAdhunoM se pRthak eka anya hI upAzraya meM Thahara kara sUtra-pauruSI ke samaya ekAkI svAdhyAya karane lge| artha-pauruSI ke samaya jaba gaNAcArya prArya dubaMlikApuSyamitra sAdhusamUha ko AgamavAcanA dete, usa samaya bhI goSThAmAhila upasthita nahIM hote / ve mana hI mana gaNAcArya ke prati vidveSa rakhane lge| gaNAcArya dvArA kI jAne vAlI vAcanA ke anantara muni vindha jaba arthavAcanA karate, taba goSThAmAhila vahAM upasthita hote aura AThaveM pUrva kI vyAkhyA sunte| __apane antara meM utpanna hue gaNAcArya ke prati vidveSa aura kAMkSAmoha ke udaya ke kAraNa ve AThaveM pUrva ke bhAvoM ko yathArtharUpeNa grahaNa na kara unakA viparIta artha hI grahaNa karane lge| . . AThaveM karmapravAdapUrva kI vAcanA ke samaya prArya vindya ne karmabandha ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA :- "mAtmA ke sAtha karma kA bandha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - baddha, spRSTa aura nikAcita / jIva pradezoM ke sAtha karma-paramAraNoM ke sambandha mAtra ko baddha kahate haiN| jaise kaSAyarahita jIva ke Ipithika karma kA bandha sUkhI dIvAra para girAI gaI cUrNa kI muSTi ke samAna kAlAntara meM binA sthiti pAye hI alaga ho jAtA hai| dUsarA baddha-spRSTa - jo karma gIlI dIvAra para girAye gaye snehayukta cUraNaM kI taraha kucha kAla taka prAtmapradezoM ke sAtha milA rahakara alaga ho jAtA hai, use baddhaspRSTa kahA gayA hai| tIsarA nikAcita karma- vahI baddha - spRSTa karma jaba adhyavasAyoM aura rasa kI ati tIvratA ke kAraNa nyUnAdhikya ke rUpa meM evaM vihiyapuhuttehiM rakhiyajjehiM puusmitmmi| Thavie gammi kira goTThamAhilo pariniveseNaM / / 2266 [vizeSAvazyaka bhASya]

Page #731
sAtavAM nihnava goSThAmAhila] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : pAya revatInakSatra parivartana kI sthiti ko pAra kara jAtA hai tathA phalabhoga ke pazcAt hI jisa karma se chuTakArA ho sakatA hai, usa karmabandha ko nikAcita bandha kahA hai| baddha, baddha-spRSTa aura nikAcita karma ke bandha ko saralatA se samajhane ke liye sUcikA kA dRSTAnta diyA jAtA hai| baddha karma kA AtmA ke sAtha Dore se lipaTI suI kI taraha sambandha batAyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra svalpatara prayAsa mAtra se dhAge se lipaTI huI suI ko dhAge se pRthaka kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA ko baddha karma se sahaja hI viyojita kiyA jA sakatA hai| baddha-spRSTa karma ko lohe ke patra se prAbaddha. suI kI taraha batAyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra lohapatra se prabaddha sUcikA ko pRthaka karane meM vizeSa prayAsa kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai, usI prakAra baddha-spRSTa karmoM ko prAtmapradezoM se viyojita karane meM thor3e pauruSa kI aAvazyakatA rahatI hai| tIsare nikAcita karmabandha kI, sUcikAoM ke usa samUha se tulanA kI gaI hai, jise tapAkara dhana-prahAra se saMpRkta kara diyA gayA ho / jisa prakAra tapAkara gharaNa kI coTa se paraspara milAI gaI sUcikAoM ko punaH galAkara sAMce meM DhAlane se hI pUrva rUpa meM lAyA jA sakatA hai usI prakAra nikAcita karma ke phalabhoga ke anantara hI use prAtmapradezoM se pRyak kiyA jA sakatA hai|" . vindya muni dvArA kiye gaye karmabandha viSayaka uparokta vivecana ko sunakara goSThAmAhila ne kahA- "mune! yadi karma kI isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA karoge ki jIvapradezoM ke sAtha anyonya avibhakta rUpa se karma kA bandha hotA hai, to usa dazA meM prAtmA kabhI karmabandha se mukta nahIM ho skegaa| kaMcukI aura puruSa ke samAna prAtmA ke sAtha karma kA bandha hotA hai| kaMcukI puruSa ko spRSTa kara rahatA hai baddhaM karake nhiiN| ThIka usI prakAra karma bhI AtmA ke sAtha dUdha pAnI kI taraha ghulamila kara baddha nahIM hote, kevala spRSTa hokara hI rahate haiN|" . goSThAmAhila kI bAta sunakara vindya ne kahA - "hamako guru ne isI prakAra batAyA hai|" goSThAmAhila ne kahA- "vaha svayaM nahIM jAnate to kyA vyAkhyAna kareMge?" isa para saralamanA vindya muni zaMkita hue aura prAcArya ke caraNoM meM pahuMcakara karmabandha viSayaka uparokta vivecana evaM goSThAmAhila kA abhimata sunAte hue unhoMne spaSTIkaraNa cAhA ki vastutaH sUtra kA artha kyA hai ? durbalikApuSyamitra ne kahA - "saumya ! jo tuma kahate ho vaha ThIka hai| etadviSayaka goSThAmAhila kA kathana ThIka nahIM hai| usane, prAtmA ke sAtha baddha,. baDhaspRSTa maura nikAcita sambandha mAnane para jIva se karma ke pRthak na hone kI bAta rakhI, vaha pratyakSa virodhinI, hai / prAyukarma kA anta athavA viyojana maraNa ke rUpa meM pratyakSA hai| goSThAmAhila kA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki anyonya pravibhAga se rahe hue kA viyoga nahIM hotaa| eka rUpa se mile hue dUdha-pAnI kA upAya vizeSa se pRthakkaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| lohagolaka aura agni kA pavibhakta sambandha bhI

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602 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ sAtavAM nihnaba goSThAmAhila isI prakAra pRthak hote dekhA jAtA hai / jaise agni meM tapAye gaye lohapiNDa ke karaNa karaNa meM, pratyeka pradeza meM agni vyApta ho jAtI hai aura zItala jala prAdi ke prayoga se punaH vaha lohagolaka zItala - agnirahita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jIva ke zrAtmapradezoM meM ghulamila kara rahA huA bhI karmAraNu samyagjJAna evaM kriyA ke yoga se pRthak kiyA jAtA hai mora jIva karma rahita ho apane "satyaM zivaM sundaram "svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai / " vindyamuni ne goSThAmA hila ko vItarAga prabhu dvArA upadiSTa etadviSayaka artha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA / para goSThAmAhila apane ekAnta prabhimata para ar3A rhaa| muni vindya ne vastusthiti garaNAcArya ke samakSa rkhii| zrAcArya durbalikApuSyamitra ne bhI zAstrIya pramAraNoM aura yuktiyoM se goSThAmAhila ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA para saba vyartha / phira zrArya durbalikApuSyamitra ne anyagacchoM ke sthaviroM evaM zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI ke mAdhyama se bhI goSThAmAhila ko AtmA ke sAtha karma ke bandha ke viSaya meM samajhAne kA pUrA prayAsa kiyA para usane haThAgraha nahIM chor3A / goSThA mAhila dvArA ko jAne vAlI utsUtra prarUparaNA se khinna ho dharmasaMgha ne use saptama nihnava ghoSita karate hue saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA / sAtavAM nihnava goSThAmAhila kisa samaya huA, yaha prazna zatAbdiyoM se vidvAnoM ke samakSa pahelI ke rUpa meM upasthita rahA hai / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI - paMcasayA culasIyA, taiyA siddhiM gayassa vIrassa / AbaddhiyANa diTThI dasapura nayare samuppannA // isa gAthA se vIra ni0 saM0 584 meM dazapura nagara meM prabaddhika dRSTi kI utpatti batAI gaI hai para aitihAsika anya granthoM meM durbalikApuSyamitra ke aitihAsika kAla ke sAtha prArya rakSita ke sambandha ko dekhate hue 584 kA kAla mela nahIM khAtA / yaha zrAryarakSita ke svargagamana ke pazcAt kI ghaTanA hai aura yaha eka sarvasammata tathya hai ki zrAryarakSita vIra ni0 saM0 567 meM svargastha hue| itihAsavijJa isake liye vizeSa gaveSaraNA kA prayatna kareMge aisI AzA hai / 20. prAyaM durbalikApuSyamitra - yugapradhAnAcArya vIra ni0 saM0 567 meM prAya rakSita ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt zrArya durbalikApuSyamitra yugapradhAnAcArya bane / ApakA jo thor3A bahuta paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : "durbalikApuSyamitra kA janma vIra ni0 saM0 550 meM eka susampanna bauddha parivAra meM huA / vIra ni0 saM0 567 meM Apane 17 varSa kI avasthA meM prArya rakSita ke pAsa nigraMthazramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| dIkSita hone ke pazcAt varSo vinayapUrvaka gurusevA karate hue nirantara ke paThana, manana aura parAvartana se prApane ekAdazAMgI mora sArddhanava pUrvo kA jJAna arjita kiyA /

Page #733
sAmAnya pUrvaghara - kAla : prAyaM revatI nakSatra 603 "jisa prakAra sarasoM se bhare ghar3e ko uMDelane para ghar3e meM eka bhI sarsapakaraNa zravaziSTa nahIM raha jAtA, usI prakAra maiMne apanA sampUrNa jJAna prArya durbalikApuSyamitra ko sikhA diyA hai" - zrArya rakSita dvArA apane antima samaya meM saMgha ke samakSa prakaTa kiye gaye ina udgAroM se yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki sArddhanava pUrvaghara prArya rakSita se prAryaM durbalikAlapuSyamitra ne sAr3he nava pUrvo kA pUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA / zrArya durbala kA puSyamitra prabala zrAtmabala ke dhanI hote hue bhI zArIrika * dRSTi se bar3e durbala rahate the / ve adhyayana, cintana, manana meM itane adhika tallIna rahate the ki praharniza kiye jAne vAle usa atyadhika parizrama ke kAraNa snigdhatara aura gariSTha se gariSThatama bhojana se bhI unake zarIra meM zrAvazyaka rasa kA nirmANa nahIM hotA thA / isI zArIrika durbalatA ke kAraNa Apa saMgha meM durbalikApuSyamitra ke nAma se prasiddha hue / " bhAratIya itihAsa aura jaina itihAsa- ina donoM hI dRSTiyoM se prAcArya durbalikApuSyamitra kA prAcAryakAla bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| prApake prAcAryakAla meM aitihAsika mahatva kI nimnalikhita do ghaTanAeM ghaTita huIM : 1. Apake prAcAryakAla ( vIra ni0 saM0 605 ) meM pratiSThAnapura ke adhipati gautamIputra sAtavAhana ne AryadharA se zaka - zAsana kA anta kara zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara kI sthApanA kI, jo vigata 16 zatAbdiyoM se prAja taka bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI bhAgoM meM pracalita hai / 2. Apake prAcAryakAla (vIra ni0 saM0 609) meM jaina saMgha - zvetAmbara maura digambara ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / - yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki zrArya rakSita ne prArya durbalikApuSyamitra dvArA parAvartana ke prabhAva meM paThitArtha ke vismaraNa kI bAta suna kara kAlaprabhAva se bhAvI ziSyasantati kI parikSIyamAraNa smaraNazakti ko lakSya meM rakhate hue anuyogoM kA pRthakkaraNa kiyaa| jaina itihAsa kI dRSTi se, ati mahatvapUrNa, anuyogoM ke pRthakkaraNa kI ghaTanA meM bhI prArya durbalikApuSyamitra hI nimitta mAne gaye haiM / 30 varSa taka sAmAnya vrataparyAya meM rahane ke anantara vIra nirvANa saM0 567 meM zrApa yugapradhAnAcArya bane / yuga - pradhAnAcArya pada se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana kI 20 varSa taka ullekhanIya sevA bhaura prabhAvanA karane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 617 meM mApane svargArohaNa kiyA / zrApakI pUrNa Ayu 67 varSa, 7 mAsa bhora 7 dina kI mAnI gaI hai| duSSamAkAla zrIzramaraNasaMghastotra kI tAlikA meM pakSAntara kA ullekha karate hue prApakA yugapradhAnAcAryakAla 20 ke sthAna para 13 varSa aura pUrNAyu 67 varSa, 7 mAsa evaM 7 dina ke sthAna para 60 barSa, 7 mAsa tathA 7 dina batAI gaI hai|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara pratiSThAna rAjya ke adhipati sAtavAhana vaMzIya gautamIputra sAtakarNI ne zaktizAlI zaka- zAsaka nahapAna ko mAra kara tathA bhArata ke dakSiNI bhAga, saurASTra evaM gujarAta se zaka mahAkSatrapoM kA samUlonmUlana kara zakAri vikramAditya kA viruda dhAraNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 605, tadanusAra vikrama saM0 135 tathA I0 san 78 meM zAka-saMvatsara pracalita kiyA / 604. 6 prAcIna kathAsAhitya ke prAdhAra para sAtavAhana vaMza ke sambandha meM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki saMbhavataH prAndhra ke kisI nAgavaMzIya zAsaka evaM mahArASTrIya . vidhavA brAhmaraNI ke saMyoga se simuka nAmaka bAlaka kA janma huA, jo prAge cala kara sAtavAhana vaMza kA saMsthApaka huA / "prabandha koza" ke sAtavAhana prabandha prara alabarUnI dvArA kiye gaye ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki sAtavAhanavaMza kA mUla puruSa simuka vikramAditya kA samakAlIna thA / " sAtavAhana vaMza meM aneka pratApI, zaktizAlI aura vidvAn rAjA hue haiM / sAtavAhana rAjavaMza ke rAjAoM ne bhAratabhUmi para zakoM ke zAsana kA anta karane meM bar3A mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA / vAyupurANa meM sAtavAhana vaMza ke 16 rAjAoM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : 1. zizuka ( simuka ), 2. kRSNa, 3. sAtakariNa, 4. pulumAyI, 5. zrariSTakarNa, 6. hAla (gAthAsaptasatI kA racayitA ), 7. pattalaka, 8. purIndrasena, ha. sundara, 10. cakora, 11. zivasvAti, 12. gautamIputra, 13. pulumAyI - (dvitIya), 14. zivazrI, 15. zivaskanda, 16. yazazrI, 17 vijaya, 18. candrazrI zraura, 16. pulumAyI (tRtIya) * 2 tathA sAtavAhana nUtanayA bhagnamavantIziturbalam / vikramanarapatirapi palAyya yayAvavantIm / tadanu sAtavAhano rAjye'bhiSiktaH pratiSThAnaM ca nija-nija vibhUti paribhUtavasvIkasArAvidhAn dhavalagRha devagRhaTTapaMktirAjapathaprAkAraparikhAdibhiH suniviSTamajaniSTa pattanam / [ prabandhakoza, sAtavAhana prabandha, pR0 68 ] 2 (ka) zizuko'ndhraH sajAtIyaH prApsyatImAM basundharAm / trayoviMzatsamArAjA zizukastu ekonaviMzati te prAndhrA bhokyanti bhaviSyati // 2 // vaM mahIm ||16|| [ matsya purANa, kalau bhAvinRpAnvayavarNanam ] (kha) sindhuko prajAtIyaH, prApsyatImAM vasundharAm / . trayovizatsavA rAjA sindhuko bhavitA tvatha / / 348 / / bhraSTI bhAtasza varSANi tasmAddaza bhaviSyati ( ? ) / / 346 / / zrI zAtakariMgavitA tasya putrastu vai mahAn / paMcAzataM samAH SaT ca zAtakariNarbhaviSyati / / 350 / / tataH saMvatsaraM pUrNa hAlo rAjA bhaviSyati / / 352 / /

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zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : pArya revatI nakSatra 605 sAtavAhanavaMzIya uparilikhita 16 rAjAmoM meM se isa vaMza kA AdipuruSa zizuka-sindhuka athavA simuka avantIpati mahArAja vikramAditya ke nidhana ke kucha varSa pazcAt yuvAvasthA meM hI mRtyu ko prApta huA aura usakA choTA bhAI kRSNa pratiSThAna kA rAjA bnaa| kRSNa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra sAtakarNi bar3A hI pratApI rAjA praa| sAtakariNa ne apane rAjya kI sImA meM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kii| mahArASTra ke kisI bar3e jAgIradAra kI putrI nAyanikA ke sAtha isakA vivAha sampanna huprA isase isakI zakti meM abhivRddhi huii| sAtakaNi ne pazcimI ghATa evaM koMkaraNa para vijaya prApta kI tathA vaha pUre mahArASTra aura karnATaka kA adhipati bana gyaa| sAtakariNa kI tejasvitA aura pratApa ke kAraNa isake pazcAdvartI sAtavAhanavaMza ke sabhI rAjAnoM ke nAma ke sAtha sAtakariNa upanAma bhI jur3atA rhaa| katipaya itihAsavidoM kI mAnyatA hai ki sAtavAhanavaMza ke saMsthApaka simuka aura kRSNa bAlyakAla meM mAndhra deza meM rahe the prataH inakI prAndhra sAtavAhana nAma se prasiddhi huii| hamArA abhimata hai ki Andhra ke kisI nAgavaMzI rAjA kI saMtati hone ke kAraNa hI sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjAoM ko prAndhrasAtavAhana kahA jAne lgaa| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki IsA se lagabhaga do zatAbdI pUrva zaka loga apane mUla nivAsasthAna ko chor3a IrAna kI ora bar3he aura unhoMne sampUrNa IrAna para Adhipatya jamA liyaa| zaka loga yuddha priya aura barbara the| ve jaba kabhI rAjA ca gautamIputra ekaviMzatsamA naSu / ekonaviMzati rAjA yajJazrI: sAtakaryaca / / 355 / / ityete vai nRpAstriMzadandhrA bhokSyanti ye mahIm / / 357 / / [vAyupurANa, anuSaMgapAda, pra. 66] vAyupurANa ke uparokta adhyAya meM sAtavAhanavaMzIya pandraha-solaha rAjAmoM ke hI nAma diye gaye haiM para inakI saMkhyA 30 batAI gaI hai.| matsyapurANa ke upari una ta zloka meM sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjAoM kI saMkhyA 16 batAI gaI hai| brahmANDa purANa meM bhI ina rAjAoM kI saMkhyA 16 hI batAI gaI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sAtavAhana vaMza kI dakSiNa kozala zAkhA meM hue 11 rAjAmoM ko bhI ina 19 rAjAmoM ke sAtha gaNanA kara ke 30 kI saMkhyA pUrI kara dI gaI hai| vibhinna purANoM meM dI gaI sAMtavAhanavaMzI rAjAmoM kI nAmAvalI ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki inake nAma bhI uttarAdhikAra ke anukrama se nahIM diye gaye haiN| [sampAdaka] 'tatra caMkadA do vaidezikatijo samAgatya viSavayA svamrA sAkaM kasyacitkuMbhakArasya zAlAyAM tasthivAMsI |....prnyeyuH sA tayoviprayoH svasA jalAharaNAya godAvarI gtaa| tasyAzca rUpamapratispaM nirUpya smaraparavazontahadavAsI zeSo nAma nAgarAjo hadAnnigaMtya vihitamanuSyavapustayA saha balAdapi sambhogakelimakalayat / bhavitavyatAvilasitena tasyA saptadhAturahitasyApi tasya divyazaktyA zukrapudgalasaMcArAt garbhAdhAnamabhavat / svanAmadheyaM prakAzya vyasanasaMkaTe mAM smarerityabhidhAya ca nAgarAjaH pAtAlalokamagamat / sA ca gRhaM pratyagacchat / [prabandhakoza, sAtavAhanaprabandha, pR. 66)

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606 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara kisI deza para AkramaNa karate to TiDDI dala kI taraha tUphAnI AkramaNa karate the| unake svabhAva meM svecchAcAritA aura ahaM kA prAdhikya hone ke kAraNa unakA zAsana bar3A hI karkaza aura unake dvArA vijita rASTra para kiye jAne vAle pratyAcAra bar3e hI lomaharSaka hote the| IrAna kI janatA zakoM kI dAsatA se mukta hone ke liye svalpakAla meM hI chaTapaTAne lgii| IrAna ke prAcIna rAjavaMza ne IrAna se zakoM ke zAsana ko samApta karane kA bIr3A uThAyA aura vahAM ke zAha ne eka lambe saMgharSa ke pazcAt zakoM kI zakti ko chinna-bhinna kara IrAna meM eka sazakta sAmrAjya. kI sthApanA kii| IrAna meM apane prati bhISaNa asaMtoSa aura pratikAra kI bhAvanA kI tIvra lahara dekhakara zakoM ne bhArata ke sindha pradeza kI ora apanA sainika abhiyAna kiyA aura unheM sindha ke kucha bhAga para adhikAra karane meM saphalatA bhI mila gii| unhIM dinoM apanI bahina sarasvatI sAdhvI ko gardabhilla ke antaHpura se mukta karAne ke prazna ko lekara kAlakAcArya dvitIya ne sindha ke zakoM kI sahAyatA prApta kI aura kAlakAcArya ke buddhikauzala evaM bhar3oMca ke zAsaka balamitra bhAnumitra kI sahAyatA se zakoM ne gardabhilla ko parAsta kara avantI rAjya para adhikAra kara liyaa| pravantI rAjya para zakoM kA zAsana kaThinAI se cAra varSa hI cala pAyA thA ki gardabhilla ke putra vikramAditya ne zakoM ko parAjita kara pravantI rAjya para punaH adhikAra kara liyaa| - yaha bhI pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 530 meM mahArAja vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke anantara zakoM ne punaH bhArata para prabala AkramaNa prArambha kiye aura unhoMne bhArata ke pazcimottara pradezoM ke aneka bhAgoM para adhikAra kara liyaa| unhIM dinoM pArthiyana jAti ke videzI AkrAntA bhI IrAna hote hue bhArata meM pAye / pAthiyana rAjA goMDopharanIja ne takSazilA para adhikAra kara liyaa| usane apane rAjya kI sImA meM ullekhanIya abhivRddhi kI aura aneka pradezoM meM apanI kSatrapiyAM sthApita kii| .. sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjA pulomAvi (prathama) ke zAsanakAla meM pazcimI kSatrapoM ke vaMza ke saMsthApaka caSTana kA prAbalya bddh'aa| usane pulomAvi ke rAjya ke kucha pradezoM para adhikAra kara ujjayinI para bhI apanA prAdhipatya sthApita kara liyaa| caSTana ke pautra rudradAmA ne apanI putrI kA vivAha pulumAvi ke sAtha kiyA / kucha kAla pazcAt kisI kAraNavaza zvasura jAmAtA ke bIca yuddha Thana gyaa| usa yuddha meM pulumAvi kA parAjaya ne aura rudradAmA kA vijayazrI ne varaNa kiyaa| zakoM kI bar3hatI huI zakti ko pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhanavaMzI zAsakoM ne samaya samaya para kSINa karane kA prayAsa kiyA / vIra ni0 saM0 552 ke prAsapAsa. yUbI jAti ke videzI kuSANoM ne bhArata ...meM bane hue pApiyana jAti ke videziyoM ko parAjita kara aphagAnistAna aura

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mAli* zAka-saMvatsara] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya revatI nakSatra 607 paMjAba ke katipaya kSetroM para adhikAra kara liyaa| zakoM evaM pAthiyana logoM kI taraha kuSANoM ne bhI bhAratIya saMskRti aura bhAratIya dharmoM ko apnaayaa| una logoM ne apane nAma taka bhAratIya paddhati ke anurUpa rakhe aura unameM se prAyaH sabhI ne bauddha, hindU, zaiva, jaina aura bhAgavata dharmoM ko apanA liyaa| zakarAja rudradAmA bhAratIya bhASAmoM tathA vyAkaraNa evaM tarkazAstra kA apane samaya kA eka mAnA humA vidvAn thaa| usane candragupta maurya dvArA nirmita sudarzana jhIla para bahuta bar3I dhanarAzi vyaya karake usakA jINoddhAra krvaayaa| 'vIra ni0 saM0 565 se 605 taka nahapAna nAmaka eka zaka mahAkSatrapa kA bhArata ke pazcimI evaM aneka dakSiNI bhAgoM para zAsana rahA / nahapAna ne bhRgukaccha, saurASTra, gujarAta Adi para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara pratiSThAna kI bhora prayANa kiyaa| usa samaya pratiSThAna para gautamIputra sAtakariNa kA zAsana thaa| gautamIputra ne nahapAna kI bar3hatI huI senAoM ko rokaa| donoM senAoM ke bIca bar3A bhISaNa yuddha humaa| kar3e saMgharSa ke pazcAt gautamIputra sAtakaNi ne raNasthala meM nahapAna ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyaa| gautamIputra sAtakaNi ne bhArata se zakoM ke zAsana kA anta kara zakAri vikramAditya kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI aura isa vijaya ke upalakSa meM usane vIra nirvANa saMvat 605 meM zAka-saMvatsara kI sthApanA kii| sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjAoM meM se kucha rAjApoM ne prazvamedha yajJa kiye, isa prakAra ke zilAlekha upalabdha hote haiN| aneka itihAsavidoM kA abhimata hai ki sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjAoM ke samaya meM hindU dharma kA utkarSa huaa| dUsarI ora jaina granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjAmoM meM se katipaya jaina the| zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara - isa pada meM zAka zabda ko dekhakara katipaya sAdhAraNa logoM ko sahaja hI bhrama honA saMbhava hai ki kyA yaha saMvatsara kisI videzI zaka rAjA ke dvArA calAyA huprA saMvatsara hai ? vastutaH yahAM zAka zabda zakti kA dyotaka hai| zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara kA zAbdika artha hai - zAlivAhana dvArA calAyA gayA zakti-saMvatsara / prAyaH sabhI prAmANika zabdakozoM meM "zAka" (ka) sAtavAhano'pi krameNa dakSiNApathamanaNaM vidhAya tApItIraparyantaM cottarApatha sAdhayitvA svakIya saMvatsaraM prAvIvRtat / [prabandhakoza pR068] (kha) ityaM ya paNahiya chasaesu sAgasaMvagcharuppattI / / [vicArazreNI (ga) zrIvIranivRtevarSa, SaDbhiH paMcotaraM zataiH / zAkasaMvatsarasyaiSA, pravRttimarate 'bhavat / / [vahI] 2 (ka) janazca samajani / [prabandhakoza, pR0 68] (kha) prastuta grantha meM kAlakAcArya (dvitIya) kA prakaraNa / 3 zAka - m. power, might, help, aid. - Samvatsara - for any era * [Sanskrit-English Dictionary-by Sir Monier Williams. ]

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608 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga (zAli. zAka-saMvatsara zabda kA artha zakti sAmarthya, UrjA tathA varSa - vizeSataH zAlivAhana saMvatsara kiyA gayA hai|' jaina kAlagaNanA meM vIra nirvANa saMvat ke pazcAt sarvAdhika mahatva zAlivAhana zAka-saMvatsara ko diyA gayA hai| jaina zAsana meM sampradAya meva .. Arya sudharmA se lekara Arya vajra svAmI taka jaina zAsana vinA kisI sampradAya - bheda ke calatA rhaa| yadyapi gaNabheda aura zAkhAbheda kA prArambha prAcArya yazobhadra ke samaya se hI prArambha ho gayA thA aura Arya suhastI ke samaya se to garaNabheda paramparAbheda ke rUpa meM bhI pariNata ho gayA thA para taba bhI usameM sampradAya bheda kA sthUla rUpa dRSTigocara nahIM ho paayaa| samasta janasaMgha zvetAmbara-digambara prAdi binA kisI bheda ke "nigraMtha" nAma se hI pahicAnA jAtA rahA / AvazyakatAnasAra vastra rakhane vAle aura jinakalpa kI tulanA karane vAle- donoM hI vItarAga bhAva kI sAdhanA ko lakSya meM rakha kara paraspara vinA TakarAye calate rhe| eka prora mahAgiri jaise prAcArya jinakalpa tulya sAdhanA karane kI bhAvanA se ekAntadAsa ko apanAte to dUsarI ora prArya suhastI bhavyajanoM ko pratibodha dene evaM jinazAsana kA pracAra-prasAra karane kI bhAvanA se prerita ho grAma-nagarAdi meM bhavya bhaktajanoM ke sAtha saMmparka banAye rakha kara vicaraNa krte| phira bhI una donoM kA paraspara prema sambandha rhaa| usa samaya taka vastutaH vastradhArI muni bhora vastrarahita muni samAna rUpa se sammAnanIya, vandanIya aura mukti ke adhikArI mAne jAte rhe| munitva aura muktipatha ke lie na savastratA bAdhaka samajhI jAtI thI aura na nirvastratA hI ekAnta muukti-shaayikaa| vastradhArI muniyoM kA yaha prAgraha na thA ki binA dharmopakAraNoM ke mukti nahIM aura na nirvastra muniyoM kA hI yaha prAgraha thA ki vastra rakhane vAlA muni, mani nhiiN| thor3e se meM kahA jAya to usa samaya taka savastratA aura nirvastratA muni kI mahAnatA athavA laghutA kA mApadaNDa nahIM bana pAI thii| jJAna, darzana cAritra kI samyak aArAdhanA hI vastutaH munitA kA sahI mApadaNDa mAnA gayA hai| kintu vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM vaha sthiti samApta ho gaI aura zvetAmbara tathA digambara ke nAma se jaina zAsana meM sampradAyabheda spaSTa rUpa se prakaTa ho gyaa| jinabhadragaraNI kSamAzramaNa ne kahA hai - "vIra nirdhAraNa se 606 varSa bItane para rathavIrapura meM boTika mata (digambara mata) kI utpatti huii|"3. 1" saMskRta hindIkoza, vAmana zivarAma prApTe / . paJcayatthaM ca logassa, nANAvihavigappaNaM / jatatthaM gahaNatthaM ca, loge liga payoyaNaM / / 32 / / nANaM ca daMsaraNaM ceva, caritaM ceva nicchae / / 33 / / [uttarAdhyayana, pra. 23 ] khamvAsa sayAI, taiyA siddhi gayassa vIrassa / to boDiyANa diThThI, rahavIrapure samuppaNNA // 2550 / / [vi0 bhASya]

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jaina zAsana meM saM0 bheda] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : prArya revatI nakSatra isa sampradAyabheda ke utpanna hone kI ghaTanA kA jo ullekha vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, Avazyaka cUriNa prAdi graMthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai, usakA sArAMza isa prakAra hai : .. eka vAra rathavIrapura ke dIpa nAmaka udyAna meM prAcArya kRSNa kA prAgamana hupraa| vahAM zivabhUti nAma kA eka rAjapurohita rahatA thaa| rAjA kA kRpApAtra hone ke kAraNa vaha nagara meM vividha bhoga-vilAsoM kA upabhoga karatA humA yathepsita rUpa se ghUmatA rahatA aura madhyarAtri ke pazcAt apane ghara pahu~catA thaa| . eka dina zivabhUti kI patnI ne apanA vaha duHkha apanI sAsa ko sunAte hue kahA - "Apake putra rAtri meM kabhI samaya para nahIM pAte, sadA arddharAtri ke pazcAt Ate haiM, ataH maiM bhUkha aura jAgaraNa ke duHkha se bar3I duHkhita hai|" sAsa ne vadhU ko Azvasta kiyA aura dUsare dina vadhU ko sulA kara svayaM vRddhA ne jAgaraNa kiyaa| madhyarAtri ke pazcAt jaba zivabhUti ne prAkara ghara kA dvAra khaTakhaTAyA to usakI vRddhA mAtA ne kruddha svara meM DAMTate hue kahA- "jahAM isa samaya dvAra khule rahate hoM, vahIM cale jaano| yahAM tere pIche koI marane vAlA nahIM hai|" isa prakAra apanI bur3hiyA mAM se phaTakAra suna kara zivabhUti ahaMkAravaza tatkSaNa lauTa pdd'aa| nagara meM ghUmate hue jaba usane upAzraya kA dvAra khulA dekhA to usameM calA gayA aura dUsare dina prAcArya kRSNa ke pAsa dIkSita hokara unake sAtha vibhinna kSetroM meM vicaraNa karane lNgaa| ___kAlAntara meM prAcArya kRSNa apane ziSyamaNDala sahita punaH rathavIrapura aaye| usa samaya vahAM ke rAjA ne pUrvaprIti ke kAraNa zivabhUti muni ko eka bahumUlya ratnakambala bheMTasvarUpa pradAna kiyaa| prAcArya ko jJAta hone para unhoMne kahA - "sAdhu ko isa prakAra kA mUlyavAn vastra rakhanA ucita nhiiN|" . gurU dvArA bahumUlya vastra apane pAsa na rakhane kA nirdeza prApta hone ke uparAnta bhI zivabhUti ne mamatvavaza usa vastra kA parityAga nahIM kiyA aura use sAvadhAnI ke sAtha gaTharI meM bAMdhakara rakha liyaa| eka dina avasara dekha kara AcArya ne usa ratnakambala ke khaNDa-khaNDa kara unheM sAdhunoM meM vitarita kara diyaa| jaba zivabhUti ko yaha vidita humA, to use bar3A duHkha huaa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt zivabhUti apane antara meM prAcArya ke prati kaluSita bhAva rakhane lgaa| ... eka samaya AcArya kRSNa apane ziSya-samUha ke samakSa jinakalpapArI .sAdhuoM ke prAcAra kA varNana kara rahe the| unhoMne kahA- "jinakalpika 2 prakAra ke hote haiM, pANipAtra aura paatrdhaarii| unameM se pratyeka ke savastra aura nirvastraye do bheda hote haiM / upadhi kI apekSA jinakalpa meM 8 vikalpa hote haiN| jinakalpI

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [jaina zAsana meM saM0 bheda kama se kama rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA-ye do upakaraNa rakhate haiN| isa taraha 3 se lekara 12 upadhi taka ke anya 7 vikalpa batAye gaye haiN| ___isa prakAra jinakalpa kA varNana suna kara zivabhUti ne kahA - "yadi aisA hai to prAja prodhika aura propagrahika ke nAma se itane upakaraNa kyoM rakhe jAte haiM ?" prAcArya ne kahA- "jambUsvAmI ke nirvANAnantara saMhanana kI mandatA se jinakalpa paramparA vicchinna mAnI gaI hai|" - zivabhUti apane ratnakambala ke haraNa se khinna to thA hI, usane kahA"mahArAja! mere jIte jI jinakalpa kA viccheda nahIM hogaa| paralokArthI ko bhaya-mUryA aura kaSAya bar3hAne vAle saMpUrNa parigraha se dUra hI rahanA caahiye|" gurU ne kahA - "vatsa! vastra Adi upakaraNa ekAntataH kaSAyavRddhi ke kAraNa nahIM hai| zarIra kI taraha ye vastra Adi upakaraNa dharma meM sahAyaka bhI hote haiN| jisa prakAra dharma-sAdhana ke lie mamatA- mUrchA rahita hokara zarIra dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vastra Adi Avazyaka upakaraNa bhI dharma-sAdhana kI bhAvanA se rakhanA anucita nahIM hai| binA kisI prakAra kI mamatA-mUrchA ke inheM kevala sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie upakaraNa mAtra samajha kara rakhanA cAhiye / " isa prakAra prAcArya ne use pramANapurassara aneka yuktiyoM se samajhAyA para zivabhUti apane prAgraha para DaTA rahA aura usane vastrAdi sabhI upakaraNoM kA parityAga kara nagnatva svIkAra kara liyaa| vaha apane gurU aura sAdhu parivAra se managa nagara ke bAhara eka udyAna meM rahane lagA! zivabhUti kI uttarA nAma kI eka pahina bhI apane bhAI kA anugamana kara dIkSita ho gii| para usane phira vastra dhAraNa kara liyaa| isa prakAra zivabhUti, jinako sahasramalla bhI kahate haiM, unase zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra digambara mata kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| zivabhUti ke koNDinya paura koTTavIra nAmaka do ziSya hue aura isa prakAra zivabhUti se voTika mata kI paramparA clii| zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI graMthoM meM prAyaH aisA hI milatA-julatA ullekha hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM jisa prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM digambara mata kI utpatti batAI gaI hai, usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM vIra ni0 saM0606 meM sevarasaMgha-zvetapaTa saMgha (zvetAmbara saMgha) kI utpatti kI bAta kahI gaI hai| ' (ka) rahabIrapuraM nagaraM, dIvagamujANamajjakaNhe ya / sivabhUissubahimmi, pucchA therANa kahaNA ya / / 2551 / / goriya sivabhUImo, boriyaliMgassa hoi upptti| koriSa-koTTavIrA, paramparAphAsamuppanA / / 2551 / / [vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, vR0 vR0, pR0 1020] (0) pApaka pUNi-upodanAta niyukti, pR. 427-28

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jaina zAsana meM saM0 bheda] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya revatI nakSatra bhAvasaMgraha ke racanAkAra devasenasUri ne likhA hai - "vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt saurASTra kI vallabhI nagarI meM zvetapaTa-zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huii|'' devasena sUri ne isa sambandha meM vizeSa paricaya dete hae likhA hai- "vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM nimitta jJAnI bhadrabAha ne apane zramasaMgha se kahA ki nikaTa samaya meM hI 12 varSa kA dubhikSa hone vAlA hai ataH Apa loga apane saMgha ke sAtha dezAntara meM cale jAyaM / sabhI gaNadhara bhadrabAha ke vacanAnusAra apane-apane sAdhu.. samudAya ko lekara dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara gaye para zAnti nAma ke eka prAcArya ne apane bahuta se ziSyoM ke sAtha saurASTra pradeza kI vallabhI nagarI kI ora prasthAna kiyA, jahAM unheM bhayaMkara duSkAla kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| vallabhI meM ghora duSkAla ke kAraNa aisI bIbhatsa sthiti utpanna ho gaI ki kSudhAtura raMka loga dUsaroM ke peTa cIra-cIra kara usameM se sadyaHbhukta anna nikAla kara apanI bhUkha kI jvAlA miTAne lge| tatkAlIna bhayaGkara sthiti se vivaza hokara prAcArya zAnti ke sAdhu daNDa, kambala, pAtra aura AvaraNa hetu vastra dhAraNa karane lge| ve vasatiyoM meM icchAnusAra jAkara aura vahAM gRhasthoM ke ghara baiTha kara bhojana karane lge| jaba duSkAla samApta huA to prAcArya zAnti ne saMgha ke sabhI sAdhuoM ko sambodhita kara kahA- "aba subhikSa ho gayA hai ataH isa hIna prAcAra ko chor3a do aura duSkarma kI AlocanA kara sacce zramaNadharma ko grahaNa kro|" - isa para.unake ziSyoM ne kahA- "usa prakAra ke kaThora prAcAra Aja kauna pAla sakatA hai? isa samaya hama logoM ne jo mArma grahaNa kiyA hai, vastutaH yaha sukhakara hai ataH isako chor3anA hamAre lie sambhava nhiiN|" __ jaba prAcArya zAMti ne adhika kahA to unake mukhya ziSya ne unake sira para DaNDe se bharapUra prahAra kiyaa| usase prAcArya zAnti kI tatkAla mRtyu ho gaI aura ve vyantara rUpa se utpanna hue|"2 . bhAvasaMgraha meM prAcArya devasena ne zAntyAcArya ke ziSya jinacandra se hI zvetapaTTa saMgha kI utpatti batAI hai| - ratnanandI ke "bhadrabAhu caritra" meM aura hariSeNa ke "vRhatkathAkoSa" meM bhI thor3e-bahuta hera-phera ke sAtha zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti kA kucha isI prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| vahAM sthUlAcArya aura sthUlabhadra ke sAdhu se zvetAmbara mata ke pracalita hone kI bAta kahI gaI hai| ___vRhatkathAkoSa meM batAyA gayA hai ki durbhikSa ke samaya zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI prAzAnusAra kucha sAdhu vizAkhAcArya ke sAtha dakSiNa ke punnATa pradeza meM cale gaye ' chattIse varisasae, vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / soraThe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho hu valahIe / / 12 / / - [bhAvasaMgraha] 2 bhAvasaMgraha, gA0 53 se 65

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [jana zAsana meM saM0 bheda tathA rAmilla, sthalAcArya aura sthUlabhadra apane-apane sAdhusaMgha ke sAtha sindhu pradeza kI ora gaye / rAmilla Adi ko bhayaMkara duSkAla kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| ve zraddhAlu zrAvakoM ke bhAgraha se bhikhAriyoM ke saMkaTa se bacane ke lie vahAM rAtri meM bhikSA lene jAte mora use dina meM khA liyA karate the| zrAvakoM kI prArthanA se ve bAMyeM skandha para eka vastra bhI rakhane lge| duSkAla ke pazcAt donoM ora ke zramaraNasaMghoM kA madhyapradeza meM punaH milana humrA / usa samaya rAmilla, sthUlAcArya aura sthUlabhadra ne to bhavabhramaNa ke bhaya se trasta ho vastra kA tyAga kara nirgrantha rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa|' para kucha sAdhu jo kaSTa sahane se ghabarAte the, unhoMne jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI kalpanA kara nirgrantha paramparA se viparIta sthavira kalpa ko pracalita kiyA / isameM yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki sthUlAcArya Adi prAcAryoM meM se kisa prAcArya ke kisa ziSya se zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti huii| - ratnanandI ne apane "bhadrabAhu caritra" meM arddhaphAlaka mata se zvetAmbara uta kI utpatti batAI hai| unake anusAra vallabhIpura ke mahArAja lokapAla ne mahArAnI candralekhA kI prArthanA para ujjayinI meM virAjamAna usake gurU jinacandra ko vallabhI bulvaayaa| jinacandra ke zarIra para mAtra eka vastra dekha kara vallabhI nareza asamaMjasa meM par3a gayA aura unheM binA vandana-namana kiye hI apane rAjaprAsAda kI ora lauTa gyaa| taba rAnI ne apane pati ke bhAvoM ko samajha kara jinacandra muni ke pAsa vastra bheja kara unheM vastra dhAraNa karane kI prArthanA kii| sAdhunoM dvArA vastradhAraNa kI bAta suna kara rAjA ne bhaktisahita unakA pUjana kiyaa| usI dina se zveta vastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa arddhaphAlaka mata zvetAmbara mata ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura yaha zvetAmbara mata vikrama nRpati kI mRtyu se 136 varSa pazcAt pracalita hupraa|' ' rAmillaH sthaviraH sthuulbhdraacaarystryo'pymii| mahAvairAgya sampannA, vizAkhAcAryamAyayuH / / 6 / / syakta vAdakapaTaM sadyaH, saMsArAttrastamAnasAH / nagraMnthyaM hi tapaH kRtvA munirUpaM dadhustrayaH // 66 / / [vRhatkathAkoSa, kathAnaka 131, pR. 318, 316] 3 iSTaM na yagurorvAkyaM, saMsArAgavatArakam / jinasthavirakalpaM ca, vidhAya dvividhaM bhuvi // 6 // prada phAlakasaMyuktamajhAtaparamArthakaH / tairidaM kalpitaM tIrtha, kAtara zaktivajitaH // 18 // dhRtAni zvetavAsAMsi, tahinAsamajAyata / zvetAMbaramataM khyAtaM, tato'LaphAlakamatAta // 54 // mate vikramabhUpAle, SaTtriMzadaSike hte| gatedAnAmabhUlloke, mataM zvetAmbarAbhiSam // 5 // gavAha parisa, (warsion

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jaina zAsana meM saM0 bheda] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mArya revatI nakSatra 613 digambara paramparA ke. granthoM bhAvasaMgraha, vRhatkathAkoSa aura ratnanandI ke bhadrabAhu caritra - ina tInoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se zvetAmbara mata kI utpatti kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM boTika mata (digambara mata) kI utpatti ke varNana meM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, Avazyaka cUriNa aura sthAnAMga Adi meM mUla ghaTanA kI pUrNarUpeNa samAnatA aura vaiSamyarahita manaHsthiti kA paricaya milatA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA ke graMthoM meM vividharUpatA va viSama manasthiti kI pratidhvani prakaTa hotI hai| donoM paramparAoM ke graMthoM ke etadviSayaka ullekhoM se itanA to spaSTa hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 606 athavA 609 ke lagabhaga zvetAmbara-digambara kA sampradAyabheda prakaTa huA' digambara paramparA meM saMghameda zvetAmbara paramparA meM candra, nAgendra, nirvRtti aura vidyAdhara - ye cAra zAkhAeM aura vividha kula prakaTa hue| isI prakAra. digambara paramparA meM bhI kASThA saMgha, mUla saMgha, mAthura saMgha aura gopya saMgha Adi aneka saMgha tathA nandIgaNa, balAtkAra gaNa evaM zAkhAoM ke utpanna hone kA ullekha milatA hai| usakA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| digambara paramparA ke sAhityakAroM kA aisA maMtavya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANAnantara prAcArya arhabali taka mUlasaMgha avicchinna rUpa se calatA rhaa| parantu vIra ni0 saM0 563 meM jaba prAcArya arhabali ne paMcavarSIya yuga pratikramaNa ke avasara para mahimA nagara meM ekatrita kiye gaye mahAn yati - sammelana meM prAcAryoM evaM sAdhuoM meM apane 2 ziSyoM ke prati kucha pakSapAta dekhA to unhoMne mUla saMgha ko aneka bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara diyaa| tatpazcAt mUlasaMgha ke ve saba bhAga svataMtra rUpa se apanA-apanA pRthak astitva rakhane lge| unhoMne usa samaya jina saMghoM kA nirmANa kiyA, unameM se katipaya ke nAma isa prakAra haiM :1. nandisaMgha 6. bhadra saMgha 2. vIra saMgha 7. guragadhara saMgha 3. aparAjita saMgha. 8. gupta saMgha 4. paMcastUpa saMgha 6. siMha saMgha 5. sena saMgha 10. caMdra saMgha ityAdi 'yahI samaya bhArya rakSita kA bhI hai| [sampAdaka] 2 yaha sammelana mukhya rUpa se kisa uddezya ko lekara kiyA gayA, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA [sampAdaka] 2 dhavalA, bhAga 1, pra. 14 /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [di0 paramparA meM saMghabheda digambara paramparA ke katipaya mAnya granthoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM batAyA gayA hai ki bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hone vAle aneka saMghoM meM se katipaya saMghoM meM zithilAcAra vyApta ho gayA prataH una saMghoM kI jainAbhAsoM meM gaNanA kI jAne lgii| prAcArya devasena ne isa prakAra ke pAMca saMghoM kI utpatti kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. drAvir3a saMgha, 2. yApanIya saMgha, 3. kASThA saMgha, 4, mAthura saMgha aura 5. bhillaka saMgha / AcArya naMdi ne apane nItisAra nAmaka grantha meM 1. gopucchaka, 2. zvetAmbara, 3. drAvir3a, 4. yApanIya, 5. niSpicchika -ye 5 jainAbhAsa batAye haiN|' inameM gopucchaka arthAt kASThA saMghI aura niSpicchika-mAthara saMghIye, donoM devasena ke anusAra jainAbhAsI kahe gaye haiN| parantu premIjI ke anusAra inakA mUla saMgha se adhika pArthakya nahIM hai, jisase ki unako jainAbhAsI kahA jA ske| saba saMghoM kA paricaya diyA jAnA kaThina hone ke kAraNa yahA~ kevala unhIM saMghoM kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai, jinakI ki zAstrIya ullekhoM (di. pa. ke granthoM) ke AdhAra para khoja ho sakatI hai| jainendra siddhAnta koza ke anusAra unake nAma isa prakAra haiM: 1. anantakIrti saMgha, 2. aparAjita saMgha, 3. kASThA saMgha, 4. guNadhara saMgha, 5. gupta saMgha, 6. gopuccha saMgha, 7. gopya saMgha, 8. candra saMgha, 6. drAvir3a saMgha 10. naMdI saMgha, 11. naMdItaTa saMgha, 12. niSpicchika saMgha, 13. paMcastUpa saMgha, 14. punnATa saMgha, 15. bAgar3a saMgha, 16. bhadra saMgha, 17. bhillaka saMgha, 18. mAghanandi saMgha, 16. mAthura saMgha, 20. yApanIya saMgha, 21. lADabAgar3a saMgha, 22. vIra saMgha, 23. siMha saMgha, aura 24. sena saMgha / digambara paramparA ke anusAra mUla saMgha meM se hI uttarottara anya sarva saMghoM kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| ataH mUla saMgha ko bhinna na mAna kara sAmAnya digambara saMgha kA nAma hI batAyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAn vIra ke pazcAt 383 varSa kI prAgama-prasiddha prAcArya paramparA batAI gaI hai| vIra ni0 saM0 383 ke pazcAt 565 taka ke prAcAryoM kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| 383 ke pazcAt 564 meM saMgha-vibhAjana kisa prakAra humA aura Age kI prAcArya paramparA kisa rUpa meM calI, ise batAne ke lie eka kAlpanika vRkSa banA kara batAyA gayA hai| usameM sarva prathama vIra ni0 kI chaThI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya mAghanandI, dharasena aura guNadhara ke nAma diye gaye haiN| inakA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 565 se 673 taka kA mAnA gayA hai| mAcArya mahaMdabali ne vIra ni0 saM0 563 meM mUla saMgha se jina saMghoM kA vibhAjana kiyA, unake atirikta bhI uttara kAla meM kaI saMgha prakaTa hue pora ' yopugchaka: zvetavAsA, draviNe, yApanIya niSpicchazceti paMca jainaamaasaaH| [nItisAra] -

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di0 paramparA meM saMghabheda] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : Arya revatI nakSatra 615 zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA meM bhI zAkhAoM aura kuloM kA kAphI vistAra phailA / zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI Rmika paTTa-paramparA aura AgamavAcanA kA spaSTa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| saMbhava hai isa prakAra kA, Rmika paTTa-paramparA ke lekhana kA prayAsa hI nahIM humA ho| yApanIya saMgha vartamAna samaya meM jaina samAja meM zvetAmbara aura digambara -ye do sampradAya hI mukhya rUpa se prasiddha haiM para pUrva kAla meM 'yApanIya saMgha' nAmaka eka tIsarA sampradAya bhI bhAratavarSa meM eka bar3e saMgha ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thaa| isa tathya ko siddha karane vAle aneka puSTa pramANa pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| yApanIya saMgha kisa samaya astitva meM prAyA, isa saMgha kA Adi saMsthApaka kauna thA tathA isakA astitva kina paristhitiyoM meM, kisa samaya uTha gayA, isa viSaya meM puSTa pramAraNoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira bhI yApanIya saMgha ke sambandha meM yatra-tatra jo ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, unake AdhAra para itanA to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI se caudahavIM-pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka 'yApanIya saMgha' jaina dharma ke eka sampradAya ke rUpa meM AryadharA para vidyamAna rhaa| yApanIya saMgha ke ApulIya saMgha aura gopya saMgha - ina do aura nAmoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ___yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM jahAM katipaya zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ne yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki digambara sampradAya se yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti huI, vahAM 'bhadrabAhu caritra' ke racanAkAra prAcArya ratnanandI ne zvetAmbara sampradAya se isakI utpatti honA batAyA hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcArya maladhArI rAjazekhara ne apane grantha 'SaDdarzanasamuccaya' meM gopya saMgha arthAta yApanIya saMgha ko digambara paramparA kA eka bheda batAte hue spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai : digambarANAM catvAro, bhedA nAgnyavrataspRzaH / kASThAsaMgho mUlasaMghaH, saMgho mAthuragopyako // 21 . prAcArya ratnanaMdI ne 'bhadrabAhu caritra' meM ullekha kiyA hai ki vikrama saMvat 136 (vIra ni.saM. 606) meM saurASTra ke vallabhI nagara meM zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti huI' aura kAlAntara meM zvetAmbaroM se karahATAkSa nagara meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti huii| mRte vikrama bhUpAle, SaTtriMzadadhike zate / gate'bdAnAmabhUlloke, mataM zvetAmbarAbhidham // 55 / / [bhadrabAhucaritra, ratnanaMdI, 4 pariccheda] 2 tadAtivelaM bhUpAdya:, pUjitA mAnitAca taH / ghRtaM digvAsasA rUpamAcAraH sitavAsasAm // 153 / / guru zikSAtigaM liMgaM, naTavad bhaNDimAspadam / tato yApanasaMgho'bhUtteSAM kApathavartinAm // 154 / / '

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga yApanIya saMgha digambarAcArya devasena ne 'darzanasAra' nAma kI apanI choTI-sI pustaka meM zrIkalaza nAmaka zvetAmbara AcArya se vikrama saM0 205 meM yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti hone kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai : kallANe varaNayare, duNNisae paMca uttare jAde / jAvariNaya saMgha bhAvo, sirikalasAdo hu sevar3ado / / 26 / / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa samaya jaina zramaNasaMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara rUpa meM vibhakta huA, lagabhaga usI samaya meM yApanIya saMgha kA bhI madhyamamArgAvalambIsamanvayavAdI paramparA ke rUpa meM prAdurbhAva huA ho| digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra zvetAmbara digambara bheda ke 66 varSa pazcAt yApanIya saMgha kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| sva. zrI nAthUrAma 'premI' ne tInoM paramparAoM kI eka hI samaya meM utpatti hone kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa karate hue apane grantha- 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' meM likhA hai-"yadi moTe taura para yaha kahA jAya ki ye tInoM hI sampradAya lagabhaga eka hI samaya ke haiM, to kucha bar3A doSa na hogaa| vizeSa kara isalie ki saMpradAyoM kI utpatti kI jo tithiyAM batAI jAtI haiM, ve bahuta sahI nahIM huA krtiiN|"" yApanIya zabda ke artha sambandhI sabhI pahaluoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para bhI isa prazna kA koI saMtoSaprada saMgata uttara nahIM milatA ki isa saMgha kA nAma 'yApanIya saMgha' kisa abhiprAya se rakhA gyaa| isa sambandha meM panyAsa zrI kalyANavijayajI kA abhimata hI tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| munizrI ne apane grantha 'paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra marudharA ke yati paraspara milate evaM vichUr3ate samaya 'matthaeNa vaMdAmi' kahakara eka-dUsare kA abhivAdana karate the, isa kAraNa yatisamUha kA nAma hI janasAdhAraNa dvArA 'mtthe|' rakha diyA gayA tathA varSa meM eka bAra luMcana karane vAle sAdhu samudAya kA-kUcika kI taraha unakI bar3hI huI dAr3hI-mUcha dekhakara kUcika nAma rakha diyA gayA, ThIka usI prakAra yApanIyoM dvArA guruvandana ke samaya 'jAvariNajjAe' zabda kA kucha ucca svara meM prayoga kiye jAne ke phalasvarUpa saMbhavataH janasAdhAraNa ne usa sAdhusamUha. kA nAma yApanIya rakha diyA ho| yadyapi Aja bhAratavarSa meM yApanIya saMgha kA kahIM astitva nahIM hai aura na isa saMgha kA koI anuyAyI hI hai, tathApi upalabdha aneka ullekhoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM lagabhaga bAraha sau-teraha sau varSoM taka eka pramukha dharma-saMgha ke rUpa meM rahe hue yApanIya saMgha kA sarvAMgapUrNa sAhitya vidyamAna thaa| prAcArya haribhadra ne apane grantha 'lalita vistarA' meM yApanIyatantra kA ullekha kiyA hai, isase bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki yApanIyoM kA apanA samRddha sAhitya kisI samaya yahAM vidyamAna thaa| ' jana sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 56 /

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yApanIya saMgha] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : Arya revatI nakSatra yApanIya prAcArya zAkaTAyana aparanAma 'pAlyakIti' dvArA racita 'mamoghavRtti', 'strImukti-prakaraNa', 'kevali-bhukti prakaraNa', yApanIya AcArya aparAjita dvArA bhagavatI 'pArAdhanA' para likhI gaI vijayodayA TIkA Adi grantha prAja bhI upalabdha haiN| svargIya digambara vidvAn zrI nAthUrAma premI ne bhagavatI 'pArAdhanA' ke racayitA zivArya ko yApanIya prAcArya aura unakI racanA bhagavatI 'pArAdhanA' ko pramANa purassara yApanIya saMgha kA dharmagrantha siddha karate hue likhA hai ki mUlArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAeM digambara mAnyatA se mela nahIM khAtIM aura usameM udta kalpavyavahAra Adi zrutazAstra, adhikAMza gAthAeM evaM metArya muni kA pAkhyAna usI rUpa meM diye gaye haiM, jisa rUpa meM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya haiM / ' zAkaTAyana kI amoghavatti meM diye gaye aneka udAharaNoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha zvetAmbaroM ke prAgamagranthoM, aAvazyaka, chedasUtra, niyukti, dazavakAlika Adi ko apane prAmANika dharmagrantha mAnatA thA / 2 yApanIya prAcArya aparAjita ne jisa prakAra apane yApanIya sampradAya ke dharmagrantha bhagavatI 'pArAdhanA' para 'vijayodayA' nAma kI TIkA kI racanA kI, usI prakAra unhoMne 'dazavakAlika' sUtra para bhI 'vijayodayA' nAma kI TIkA kI racanA kI thii| isakA ullekha svayaM aparAjita ne bhagavatI 'pArAdhanA' kI gAthA saMkhyA 1197 kI apanI 'vijayodayA' TIkA meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai : ___'dazavakAlika TIkAyAM zrI vijayodayAyAM prapaMcitA udgamAdi doSA iti neha pratanyate'- arthAt udgamAdi doSoM kA dazavakAlika kI TIkA meM varNana kara diyA gayA hai ataH yahAM piSTapeSaNa nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| yApanIya prAcArya aparAjita kA hI dUsarA nAma vijayAcArya thA aura unhoMne hI bhagavatI 'ArAdhanA' tathA dazavakAlika kI 'vijayodayA' TIkAeM likhIM, isa bAta kI puSTi paM0 pAzAdhara dvArA 'anagAra prAbhRta TIkA' ke pRSTha 673 para likhe gaye isa vAkya se hotI hai :- 'etacca zrIvijayAcAryaviracitasaMskRtamUlArAdhanaTIkAyAM susthitasUtre vistarataH samarthitaM dRSTavyam / ___ ina saba ullekhoM se siddha hotA hai ki yApanIya saMgha bhI AcArAMgAdi una sabhI bhAgamoM ko apane dharmagranthoM ke rUpa meM mAnatA thA, jo zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya haiM aura jinheM digambara paramparA vilupta huA mAnatI hai / uparokta tathyoM se yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yApanIya bhAcAryoM ne dazavakAlika kI taraha anya bhAgamoM para bhI TIkAoM kI racanAeM kI hoNgii| aparAjita ne sthAna sthAna ' jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (zrI nAthUrAma premI), pR. 68 se 73 2 (ka) etamAvazyakamadhyApaya / iymaavshykmdhyaapy| [mamoSavRtti 1-2-203-4] (kha) bhavatA khalu cheda-sUtraM voDhavyam / niryuktIradhISya niyuktiirdhiite| [vahI 4-4-113-4.] (ga) kAlikasUtrasyAnadhyAyadezakAlAH paThitAH / [vahI 3-2-47] (1) pratho amAzramaraNasta jJAnaM bIyate [pahI 1-2-201]

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618 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [yApanIya saMgha para apane pakSa kI puSTi meM prAcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAgamoM ke uddharaNa pramANa ke rUpa meM diye haiM', isase isa bAta meM kiMcitmAtra bhI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA ki yApanIya saMgha AcArAMgAdi AgamoM ko apane prAmANika dharmagrantha mAnatA thaa| yApanIyoM kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM darzanaprAbhRta kI TIkA meM zrutasAgara ne likhA hai - "yApanIyAstu vesarA iva ubhayaM manyante, ratnatrayaM pUjayanti, kalpaM ca vAcayanti, strINAM tadbhave mokSaM, kevalijinAnAM kavalAhAraM parazAsane sagranthAnAM mokSaM ca kathayanti / " SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratna ne yApanIyoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai - "yApanIya saMgha ke muni nagna rahate haiM, mora kI picchI rakhate haiM, pANitala bhojI haiM, nagna mUrtiyoM kI pUjA karate haiM tathA vandanA karane para zrAvakoM ko 'dharmalAbha' kahate haiN|" prAcArya haribhadra ne apane grantha lalitavistarA meM yApanIyatantra kA eka uddharaNa diyA hai| yadyapi Aja 'yApanIya-tantra' kahIM upalabdha nahIM para usa uddharaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki AgamoM ke atirikta yApanIya saMgha kA eka aisA grantha bhI pUrvakAla meM vidyamAna thA, jisameM yApanIya saMgha kI mukhya-mukhya mAnyatAoM ko sahajasubodha prAkRta bhASA meM saMkalita kiyA gayA thaa| vaha uddharaNa isa prakAra hai :' (ka) athavaM manyase pUrvAgameSu vastrapAtrAdigrahaNamupadiSTaM tatkathaM ? (kha) prAcAra praNidho bhaNitaM / - (ga) pratilekhetpAtrakambaleM dhra vamiti prasatsu pAtrAdiSu kathaM pratilekhanA dhra vaM kriyate ? (gha) prAcArasyApi dvitIyAdhyayano loka vicayonAma, tasya paMcame uddeze evamuktam - "paDilehaNaM pAdapuMchaNaM uggahaM kadAsaNaM aNNadaraM uvadhi pAvejja / (Ga) vatthesaNAe vRttaM tattha ese hirimaNe segaM vatthaM vA dhArejja, paDilehaNaM bidiyaM / ettha ese juggide dese duve vatthANi dhArejja paDilehaNaM tidiyaM / etya ese parissahaM aNadhihAsassa tago vatyAriNa dhArejja paDilehaNaM cautthaM / (ca) punazvokta tatrava - "mAlAbupattaM vA dArugapattaM vA maTTigapattaM vA appapAraNaM appabIja appasaridaM tahA appAkAraM pAtralAbhe sati paDiggahisAmIti" vastrapAtre yadi na grAhya kathametAni sUtrANi nIyante ? (cha) parisaM cIvaradhArI tena paramacelago jinno| (ja) Na kaheja dhammakahaM vatthapattAdihedumidi / (jha) kasiNAI vatyakaMbalAiM jo bhikkhu paDiggahidi pajjadi mAsigaM lahagaM idi / (ba) dvitIyamapi sUtraM kAraNamapekSya vastragrahaNamityasya prasAdhakaM pAcArAMge vidyate - "praha puNa evaM jANejja - pAtikate hemaMtehiM supaDivaNNe se atha paDijuNNamuvadhi pditttthaavejj|" [bhagavatI 'mArAdhanA' kI gAthA saM0 427 kI aparAjita dvArA racita vijayodayA TIkA]

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yApanIya saMgha] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : pArya revatI nakSatra "strImuktI yApanIyatantrapramAraNam - yathokta yApanIyatantre - "raNo khalu itthI ajIvo, Na yAvi abhavvA, raNa yAvi daMsaraNa virohiNI, go pramANusA, go praNAri (ya) uppattI, No asaMkhejjAuyA, go prAikaramaI, No Na uvasantamohA, No Na suddhAcArA, No asuddhaboMdI, No vavasAyavajjiyA, No apuvakaraNa virohiNI, po gavaguNadANarahiyA, No ajoggA laddhIe, go akallANa bhAyaNaM ti kahaM na uttamadhammasAhigatti / [lalita vistarA, pR0 402] yApanIya saMgha kA karnATaka aura usake par3osa-par3osa ke kSetroM meM bar3A prabhAva thA / isa tathya kI kadambavaMza evaM anya rAjavaMzoM ke rAjAoM dvArA I0 san 435475 ke mAsapAsa yApanIya saMgha ko diye gaye bhUmidAna ke dAnapatra sAkSI dete haiN|' yApanIya saMgha kA jo thor3A bahuta paricaya vibhinna granthoM se upalabdha hotA hai, usase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yaha saMgha pUrvakAla meM eka prabhAvazAlI saMgha rahA hai| kAgavAr3A jainamaMdira ke bhauhare meM vidyamAna zaka saM0 1316 (vi0 saM0 1451) ke zilAlekha meM yApanIya AcArya nemicandra ko 'tuluvarAjyasthApanAcArya' kI padavI se vibhUSita batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI taka yApanIya saMgha rAjamAnya sampradAya rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM yadi prayAsa kiyA jAya to yApanIya saMgha aura usake sAhitya ke sambandha meM vipula sAmagrI ekatrita kI jA sakatI hai| AzA hai zodhapriya itihAsavid isa dizA meM avazya prayAsa kreNge| - 21. prArya vajrasena - yugapradhAnAcArya vIra ni0 saM0 462 meM Arya vajrasena kA janma huaa| Apane 6 varSa kI vaya meM vIra ni0 saM0 501 meM zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| 116 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhu paryAya meM rahate hue Apane AgamoM kA talasparzI jJAna prApta kiyaa| vIra ni0 saM0 617 meM Arya durbalikA puSyamitra ke pazcAt Apa yugapradhAna pada para adhiSThita kiye gye| mApake janmasthAna evaM kula Adi kA koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA phira bhI itanA asaMdigdha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki Apane Arya vajra se pUrva prArya siMhagiri ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| viziSTa pratibhA aura vidyAtizaya sampanna hone ke kAraNa prArya vajra ko Arya siMha ne apanI vidyamAnatA meM hI mAcArya pada kA kAryabhAra samhalA diyA aura svargavAsa ke samaya unheM vidhivat prAcAryapada pradAna kiyaa| sambhava hai Arya vajra ke jJAnAtizaya ke sammAna hetu vajrasena ne unakI vidyamAnatA meM prAcAryapada svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho| Avazyaka cUNi Adi ke ullekha se inakA Arya vajra ke sAtha guru-ziSya kA sA sambandha pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki Arya vajra dvArA 500 sAdhuoM ke sAtha ' dANDekara kI - History of the Guptas, page 87-91

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620 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya vayasena-yugapra. anazana karane se pUrva mAvo durbhikSa kI samApti ke pUrvalakSaNa ke rUpa meM sopAraka ke zreSThI jinadatta ke yahAM bahumUlya anna meM viSa milAne kI vajrasena ko dI gaI pUrva-sUcanA se pramANita hotA hai / isa prakAra dIkSA-paryAya se kaniSTha hone para bhI jJAnaparyAya kI jyeSThatA evaM zreSThatA kI dRSTi se prArya vajra hI daza pUrvadhara hone ke kAraNa prAcArya pada ke lie sarvAdhika yogya mAne gaye hoM / vIra ni0 saM0584 meM prArya vaSasena gaNAcArya ghoSita kiye gaye aura daza se kucha kama pUrva ke jJAtA pArya rakSita vaja ke pazcAta vAcanAcArya aura yugapradhAnAcArya niyukta kiye gye| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prArya vanasena saMgha-vyavasthA ke kAryoM meM kuzala evaM pratibhAzAlI hokara bhI Arya vana Adi ke samAna pUrvajJAna ke vizeSajJa nahIM the| isI kAraNa Arya rakSita ke pazcAt pUrvajJAnI durbalikApuSyamitra ko yugapradhAnAcArya pada para niyukta karanA upayukta mAnA gayA aura usa samaya taka vanasena gaNAcArya pada kA sucArU rUpa se saMcAlana karate rhe| 12 varSa ke duSkAla ke anta meM jaba vihArakrama se aneka kSetroM meM vicaraNa karate hue prArya vacasena sopAraka nagara meM padhAre taba vahAM ke zreSThI jinadatta aura zreSThipatnI IzvarI ne apane cAroM putroM ke sAtha vIra ni0 saM0 592 meM mArya vajrasena ke pAsa zramaNadIkSA grahaNa kii| jinadatta ke cAra putroM meM se nAgendra se nAgendragaccha, nAilI zAkhA, candramuni se candrakula, vidyAdhara muni se vidyAdhara kula tathA nirvRtti muni se nirvRti kula- isa prakAra ye cAra mukhya kula prakaTa hue| __ zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAnusAra vajrasena ke samaya meM hI vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM prAcArya kRSNa ke ziSya zivabhUti se digambara mata kA prAdurbhAva huaa| isakA vistRta paricaya "saMpradAyabheda" nAmaka zIrSaka ke nIce diyA jA cukA hai| vIra ni0 saM0 617 meM durbalikA puSyamitra ke svargavAsAnantara, mArya vaSasena yugapradhAnAcArya pada para niyukta hue| tIna varSa taka sucArU rUpa se yugapradhAnAcArya pada se jinazAsana kI sevA kara Apane vIra ni0 saM0 620 meM 128 varSa kI sudIrghAyu pUrNa kara svargArohaNa kiyaa| 15. prAyaM candra - gaNAcArya Arya vajra ke svargagamana ke pazcAt bhAradvAja gotrIya pArya vaSasena eka bAra vihArakrama se sopAraka nagara pdhaare| vahAM para salhar3a gotrIya zreSThI jinadatta apanI patnI IzvarI evaM parivAra ke sAtha rahatA thaa| saMyogavaza Arya vanasena bhikSArtha bhramaNa karate hue zreSThI jinadatta ke ghara phuNce| usa samaya duSkAla kA prakopa apanI carama sImA para pahuMca cukA thaa| khAdyAnnoM kA sarvatra pUrNa prabhAva thaa| atulaM sampatti ke hote hue bhI dhAnyAbhAva meM bhUkha se tar3apa-tar3apa kara apane kuTumba ke marane kI kalpanA se jinadatta sihara utthaa| apanI patnI se parAmarza ke

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'prArya candra-gaNAcArya] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : Arya revatI nakSatra 621 pazcAt usane bhUkha se chaTapaTAkara marane ke sthAna para sakuTumba viSamizrita bhojana kara eka sAtha ihalIlA samApta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| viSa milAne ke liye eka samaya kI bhojana-sAmagrI juTAnA bhI bar3A kaThina kArya thA / zreSThI jinadatta ne eka lAkha rupaye vyaya kara yena-kena-prakAreNa eka samaya kI bhojana-sAmagrI juttaaii| jisa samaya Arya vajrasena zreSThI jinadatta ke ghara meM bhikSArtha pahuMce, usa samaya zreSThipatnI IzvarI bhojana meM viSa milAne kA upakrama kara rahI thii| lakSa ropyaka mUlya ke bhojana meM graha-svAminI ko viSa kA mizraNa karate dekha Arya vajra sena ko unheM Arya vajra dvArA kahA gayA bhaviSya kathana smaraNa ho paayaa| unhoMne zAnta evaM gambhIra svara meM gRhasvAminI IzvarI se kahA - "subhikSaM bhAvi saviSaM, pAkaM mA kuru tadvathA / ' zrAddha! aba duSkAla kA anta sannikaTa hai| tuma bhojana meM viSa mata milaayo| kala taka pracura mAtrA meM anna upalabdha hone lgegaa|" 'paropakAraikavratI mahApuruSoM ke vacana anyathA nahIM hote|' isa dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha zreSThipatnI IzvarI ne tatkAla prastuta bhojana munirAja ko baharA kara saMtoSAnubhava kiyaa| Arya vajrasena ke kathanAnusAra dUsare hI dina dhAnya se bhare pota sopAraka nagara phuNce| bhUkha se pIr3ita duSkAlagrasta nirAza logoM meM jIvana kI navIna AzA kA saMcAra huA / AvazyakatAnusAra sabako anna milane lagA / yaha dekhakara zreSThipatnI IzvarI bar3I prasanna huii| usane zreSThI jinadatta se kahA- "kala yadi muni ne hameM Azvasta nahIM kiyA hotA to Aja hamAre parivAra kA eka bhI vyakti saMsAra meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| hama saba ke saba yamarAja ke atithi bana cuke hote| zramaNazreSTha ne hama saba ko jIvana-dAna diyA hai| aisI sthiti meM kyoM na hama sabhI jinadharma kI zaraNa grahaNa kara apane-apane jIvana ko saphala kara leN|" zreSThipatnI IzvarI kA parAmarza saba ko rucikara lagA aura zreSThidampatI ne apane cAroM putroM candra, nAgendra, nirvRtti aura vidyAdhara ke sAtha samasta vaibhava kA tyAga kara nirgrantha zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| candra, nAgendra Adi cAroM muniyoM ne vinayapUrvaka kramazaH aMga zAstroM evaM pUrvo ko adhyayana kiyA aura ve cAroM prAcArya pada ke yogya bne| 'prabhAvaka caritra, prathama pra., zlo. 191 2 evaM jAte ca saMdhyAyA, bahitrANi samAyayuH / prazaSya zaSyapUrNAni, jaladezAntarAdhvanA / / 163 / / prabhAvaka ca., vaja / / 3 subhikSaM tatkSaNaM jajJe, tataH sA saparicchadA / acintayadaho mRtyu, bhaviSyadarI tataH / / jIvitavyaphalaM kiM na, gRhyate saMyamagrahAt / vajrasenamuneH pArve, jainabIjasya sadguroH / / dhyAtveti sA saputrAhi, vrataM jagrAha sAgrahaM / ...... [jana sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaMDa 2, aMka 4 meM prakAzita vicAra zreNi, pariziSTa, pR.10]

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622 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya candra-gaNAcArya aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Arya vajrasena ne apanI vidyamAnatA meM hI apane ina cAroM ziSyoM ko pRthak-pRthak zramaNa-samudAya samhalA kara prAcArya pada para niyukta kara diyA thaa| Arya candra se candrakula, Arya nAgendra se nAilI zAkhA (nAgendrakula), prArya nirvatti se nirvatti kula aura Arya vidyAdhara se vidyAdhara nAmaka 4 kula prakaTa hue|' candrakula hI Age cala kara candra gaccha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| katipaya prAcAryoM ne Arya candra, nAgendra, nirvRti aura vidyAdhara-ina cAroM ko kiMcidUna 10 pUrvo kA jJAtA batAyA hai| candragaccha se sambandhita paTTAvalI evaM TipparaNoM meM isa prakAra ke ullekha dRSTigocara hote haiM ki candra, nAgendra Adi cAroM prAcAryoM meM se pratyeka ne apaneapane suvizAla ziSya-samUha meM se 21-21 suyogya zramaNoM ko pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se prAcArya padoM para niyukta kiyA, jina se vIra ni. saM. 611 meM 4 gaNoM aura 84 gacchoM kI utpatti huii| __ gaharAI se socane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 84 gacchoM kI utpatti viSayaka isa prakAra kA ullekha kevala ina cAroM gacchoM kA mahattva bar3hAne kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| isameM yathArthatA hotI to upAdhyAya dharmasAgara 'tapAgaccha padAvalI' meM- "tasmAcca krameNAneka garaNahetavo'neke sUrayo babhUvAMsaH'4 - isa prakAra kA pranizcita ullekha nahIM krte| isake atirikta yadi ina 4 garaNoM se 84 gaccha utpanna hae hote to unameM se thor3e bahata gacchoM kA nAmollekha bhI paTTAvalI meM avazya kiyA jaataa| yahI nahIM, ajJAtakatrtaka kucha zlokoM meM ina cAroM gacchoM ke sambandha meM paricaya dete hue 84 gacchoM kA koI ullekha na kara - . 'adyApi gacchAstannAmnA, jayino'vanimaNDale / '5 - isa pada se kevala itanA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki unake nAma se gaccha Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM / uparokta ullekhAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 611 meM 84 gacchoM kI utpatti hone kI bAta sahI mAnI jAya to pazcAdvartI kAla meM hone vAle bar3agaccha, kharataragaccha, ' nAgendra, candra, nirvRti, vidyAdharAkhyAn caturaH sakuTumbAn ibhyaputrAn pravAjitavAn / tebhyazca sva sva nAmAMkitAni catvAri kulAni saMjAtAnIti / [tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, bhA. 1, svopajavRtti (pa0 kalyANa vijayajI) pR. 71] 2 nAgendro nirvRttizcandraH, zrImAn vidyAdharastathA / / prabhUvaMste kicidanadazaparvavidastataH / catvAro'pi jinAdhIzamatoddhAra dhuraMdharA / / [jana sA. saMzodhaka, khaM. 2, aM. 4 meM prakAzita vicAra zreNi ke sAtha kA pari. 1. 10] 3 AdI catvAro gaNA, ekasmin ekasmin gacche ekaviMzati prAcAryAH sthApitAH / evaM krameNa zrI vIrAt 611 varSe 84 gacchA: saMjAtAH / [vahI] 4 tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, bhA. 1, (muni kalyANa vijaya jI) pR. 71 5 vicArariNa ke sAtha saMlagna pariziSTa, jana sA. saM. khaM. 2, aMka 4 meM prakAzita /

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prArya candra-gaNAcArya ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : prArya revatI nakSatra 623 prAMcalagaccha, dharmaghoSagaccha, Adi 84 gacchoM ko vIra ni0 saM0 611 meM hue 84 gacchoM se nizcita rUpa se pRthak mAnanA hogaa| kyoMki ina 84 gacchoM meM se aneka gaccha prazastiyoM evaM anya ullekhoM ke AdhAra para vIra ni0 saM0 611 se kaI zatAbdiyoM pazcAt utpanna hue siddha hote haiN| isa prakAra vIra nirvAraNa saM0 611 meM 84 gacchoM kI utpatti kI bAta ko sahI mAnane kI dazA meM gacchoM kI saMkhyA 84 ke sthAna para 168 mAnanI hogI, jisakA ki aucitya kisI bhI dazA meM siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vIra ni0 saM0 611 meM jo 84 gacchoM kI utpatti kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, use isa AdhAra para bhI vizvasanIya nahIM mAnA jA sakatI ki una 84 gacchoM meM se kisI eka gaccha kA nAma bhI kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotA / ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kAlAntara meM utpanna hone vAle 84 gacchoM kA srota candragaccha ko batA kara isakA mahatva bar3hAne kI dRSTi se isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA gayA ho / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM zrApakA janma vIra ni0 saM0 576 meM, dIkSA 613 meM, 7 varSa gurU kI sevA karane aura 23 varSa taka garaNAcArya pada se zAsana kI sevA karane evaM vIra ni0 saM0 643 meM svargastha hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai' para tatkAlIna ghaTanAcakra ke paryavekSaNa se evaM sopAraka meM durbhikSa ke anta meM prArya vajrasena ke pAsa Apake dIkSita hone ke ullekha ko dekhate hue vIra ni0 saM0 562 meM ApakI dIkSA honA saMgata pratIta hotA hai / isI prakAra tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke uparokta ullekhAnusAra 37 varSa kI avasthA meM prApake dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karanA mAnA gayA hai, vaha bhI ThIka pratIta nahIM hotA / "jaina paramparA no itihAsa" nAmaka grantha meM tripuTI ( munitraya) ne Apake vI0 ni0 saM0 562 meM dIkSita hone aura 650 meM svargastha hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / yadi garaNAcArya candra kI pUrNAyu 67 varSa aura svargastha hone kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 643 sahI mAna liyA jAya to usa dazA meM unake janma, dIkSA, prAcAryapada prAdi kA samaya nimnalikhita rUpa se anumAnita kiyA jAnA paryAptarUpeNa saMgata aura ucita hogA / janma vIra ni0 saM0 576, dIkSA 563, gaNAcArya pada vIra niM0 saM0 620 meM aura svargArohaNa vIra ni0 saM0 643 meM / caityavAsa Arya sudharmA se sAmaMtabhadrasUri ke pahale ke samaya taka jaina muni adhikAMzataH vanoM evaM udyAnoM meM hI nivAsa karate rahe, jaisA ki nirayAvalikA sUtra meM sudharmA svAmI ke guraNazIla udyAna meM avagraha lekara vicarane kA ullekha milatA hai / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, svopajJa vRtti sahita (pa0 kalyANavijayajI), pR0 76 2 nirayAvalikA, 1, a0 1 sU0 2 1

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624 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [caityavAsa bhapavAda rUpa se bhale hI kabhI kisI ne vasativAsa kiyA ho para usa samaya taka sAdhunoM kA prAyaH vana meM hI nivAsa hotA thaa| itanA hote hue bhI ve sAdhu vanavAsI gaccha ke nAma se nahIM apitu nigraMtha gaccha ke nAma se hI pahicAne jAte rahe / isake pazcAt sAmantabhadra kA samaya AtA hai / usa samaya meM sAmantabhadra kA sAdhusamudAya 'vanavAsI gaccha' - isa naye nAma se pukArA jAne lagA isake pIche koI khAsa kAraNa honA cAhiye / sAmantabhadra ne koI navIna rUpa se vanavAsa svIkAra nahIM kiyA para sambhava hai unake samaya meM vasativAsa kA pracAra bar3ha calA ho aura vanavAsI alpasaMkhyA meM rahe hoN| usa sthiti meM vasativAsa ke bar3hate pracAra ko rokane ke lie sAmantabhadra ne vanavAsa kA pracAra karanA prArambha kiyA ho| jaisA ki tapAganchapaTTAvalIkAra ne ullekha kiyA hai : "pUrvazruta ke vizArada aura vairAgyanidhi sAmantabhadra ne zarIra kI sukhasuvidhA ko chor3a kara nirmamatva bhAva se devakula aura vana-udyAna Adi meM ThaharanA svIkAra kiyA isalie ve "vanavAsI" nAma se pukAre jAne lge|"" sAmantabhadra dvArA kI gaI isa vyavasthA ke lie kahanA cAhiye ki yaha eka / prakAra se tyAgI varga meM zithilatA ke praveza ko rokane kA eka zubha prayatna thaa| para samaya ke prabhAva aura manobala kI mandatA se sAdhu-samudAya meM isa prakAra kI kar3I vyavasthA adhika samaya taka nahIM cala skii| prabhAvaka caritra meM mAnadevasUri ke prabandha meM vRddhadevasUri ko caityavAsI batAyA gayA hai| ve caitya kI vyavasthA karate the para sarvadevasUri dvArA pratibodha pAkara unhoMne caitya kA vaibhava chor3a diyaa| uparokta ghaTanA yadi satya ho to isase pramAriNata hotA hai ki vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM bhI caityavAsa pracalita thaa| - kucha bhI ho itanA to nizcita hai ki sAmantabhadra dvArA punarujjIvita vanavAsa adhika samaya taka nahIM cala sakA / alpa samaya meM hI vasativAsa meM parivartana hote-hote vIra ni0 saM0 800 ke AsapAsa usane caityavAsa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, jaisA ki dharmadAsa gaNo ne tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM ullekha kiyA hai : "dhIra ni0 saM0 882 ke pazcAta" "caityasthitiH" arthAta caityavAsa kI sthiti huii|" vastutaH tAtkAlika sthiti kA adhyayana karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isase bhI kAphI pahale isakA pracalana vidyamAna thaa| muni kalyANavijayajI Adi itihAsajJa vidvAnoM kA bhI khayAla hai ki isase bhI pahale caityavAsa kI jar3a jama gaI thI aura vIra ni0 saM0 782 taka to isakI sArvatrika pravRtti ho gaI thii| " zrI candrasUripaTTe SoDaza: zrI sAmantabhadrasUriH / sa ca pUrvagatazrutavizArado vairAgyanidhinirmamatayA devakulavanAdiSvavasthAnAt loke banavAsItyuktastasmAccaturya nAma vanavAsIti prAdurbhUtam / [tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, pR0 71] 2 dayazItyadhikASTazata (882) varSAtikame caityasthitiH / - paTTA0 samu0, pR0 50

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caMtyavAsa] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mArya revatI nakSatra __ vastuta: itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki jyoM jyoM zramaNoM meM rAjanaitika sammAnoM ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA gayA, tyoM tyoM vaiyaktika prabhAva ke mAdhyama se munigaNa saMyama-mArga se uttarottara vicalita hote gaye / svAdhyAya ke prati unakI udAsInatA bar3hatI gaI aura unake liye dharma ke molika prAcaraNa kevala vANIvilAsa ke sAdhanamAtra raha gaye / yaha eka tathya hai ki jaba sukhopabhoga kI vRttiyAM jIvana meM sAkAra hotI haiM, taba saMyamita jIvana kI yathAvat pratipAlanA samasyA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai| isa prakAra jIvana meM sukhopabhoga kI vRttiyoM ke sAkAra hone ke phalasvarUpa vanavAsa se vasativAsa, tadanantara vasativAsa se caityavAsa prAyA aura vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt yahI caityavAsa parivartita hote hote yatisamAja ke maThavAsa-upAzrayavAsa ke rUpa meM badala gyaa| tripuTI muni dvArA, 'jaina paramparA no itihAsa, prathama bhAga' meM kiye gaye ullekhAnusAra candrakula ke prAcArya sAmantabhadra ne jisa samaya banavAsa pracalita kiyA, usa samaya unake sAtha nAgendra, candra, nivRtti aura vidyAdhara kuloM ke anya zramaNa bhI vana meM rahane lage aura taba se "vanavAsI gaccha" nAma prArambha humA / parantu samaya kI viSamatA ke kAraNa vana ke nivAsa meM bahuta sI bAdhAeM khar3I hone lgiiN| rAjAoM ke eka-dUsare ke sAtha bhayaMkara yuddha, bArambAra dIrghakAla ke duSkAla, mAhAra-pAnI kI durlabhatA, paThana-pAThana meM antarAya-vikSepa, zruta kA hrAsa, zakti kI kSINatA, lokoM kI prIti evaM saMgha kI astavyastatA ityAdi kAraNoM se zrutadharoM ne gambhIra vicAraNA ke pazcAt zrAvakoM kI bastI meM nahIM kintu mandiroM ke pAsa upAzraya meM utarane kI maryAdA pracalita kii| isakA prArambha vIra saM0882 meM ho gyaa| yadyapi usa samaya vana ke badale muni loga vasati ke caitya aura upAzraya mAtra meM utarate the kintu vahAM ve sthAnapati hokara nahIM rahate the| caityavasati meM utarane para bhI ve satatavihArI hone ke kAraNa viharUka kahalAte the| para samaya ke prabhAva se isa maryAdA meM bhI zithilatA pAI aura kitane hI muniyoM ne sthAyI rUpa se caityavAsa apanA liyaa| vIra nirvANa kI bArahavIM, arthAt vikrama kI mAThavIM zatI ke anta meM to yaha caityavAsa vikRta hokara gharavAsa jaisA bana gyaa| jaina zramaNa apanI nirgranthatA aura vItarAgabhAva kI sAdhanA ke liye sadA se yaha paramAvazyaka mAnate rahe haiM ki jitanA ho sake gRhIjanoM ke saMsarga se bacA jAya, tAki unake mana meM rAgabhAva kI utpatti hI na ho ske| cirakAla taka kisI eka sthAna para rahane se rAgavRddhi ke sAtha nirgranthatA meM vikRti pAnA saMbhava hai| isa dRSTi se unhoMne apanA nivAsa bhI gRhasyoM ke saMsarga se dUra aura asthira rkhaa| isI bhAvanA ko lekara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI jaina zramaraNa anasaMsarga se dUra viviktavAsa aura "gAme gAme ega rAyaM, nagare nagare paMca rAyaM" isa vacana ke anusAra pratibaddha bhAva se navakalpI vihAra karate rhe|

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626 * jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [catyavAsa parantu jaba caityavAsa ke rUpa meM gRhIjanoM ke nikaTa samparka meM jaina zramaNoM kA nivAsa prArambha humA to yaha sunizcita thA ki AsapAsa ke bhaktajana prAtaH-sAyaM jitanA bhI adhika ho, sevAbhakti kA lAbha lene lageM / bhAvUka bhaktoM ke bArambAra gamanAgamana aura unake dvArA kI gaI upAsanA se zramaNavarga kA mana bhAvavibhora ho utthaa| pariNAmataH muniyoM dvArA apane malamalIna deha aura dhUlidhusarita prAvaraNoM kI, bhAvukajanoM kI prIti hetu dhulAI-saphAI kI jAne lgii| caityavAsajanya janasaMsarga ne kevala ina saba pravRttiyoM ko hI janma nahIM diyA apitu isase rAgAtireka ke kAraNa muniyoM meM sthiravAsa kI pravRtti bhI bar3hane lgii| rAgAtireka se kisI eka sthAna para sthiravAsa kara lene para sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM kitanI vikRti A sakatI hai, isakI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| caityavAsa ke kAraNa yahI saba kucha huprA / " prAcArya haribhadra ne caityavAsajanya tAtkAlika una vikRtiyoM kA apane grantha "saMbodhaprakaraNa' meM eka mArmika citra prastuta kiyA hai| usase caityavAsa ke duSpariraNAmoM ko bhalIbhAMti samajhA jA sakatA hai| prAcArya haribhadra ke ve vicAra isa prakAra hai : ___ve sAdhu loca nahIM karate, pratimA vahana karane meM zarmAte, zarIra se maila utArate, pAdukA-upAnat Adi pahana kara ghUmate aura niSkAraNa kaTivastra dhAraNa karate haiN|" yahA~ loca nahIM karane vAle ko prAcArya ne klIba - kAyara kahA hai|' unhoMne Age phira likhA hai : "ye kUsAdhU caityoM aura maThoM meM rahate haiN| pUjA karane kA prArambha evaM devadravya kA upabhoga karate haiN| ye kusAdhu jina-mandira aura zAlAeM cunavAte, raMgabiraMga, sugandhita evaM dhUpavAsita vastra pahanate, binA nAtha ke baloM kI taraha striyoM ke Age gAte, prAyikAoM dvArA lAye gaye padArtha khAte, taraha-taraha ke upakaraNa rakhate, jala, phUla, phala Adi sacitta dravyoM kA upabhoga karate, do tIna bAra bhojana karate aura tAmbUla lavaMgAdi bhI khAte haiN|" "ye loga muhUrta nikAlate, nimitta batAte aura bhabhUti bhI dete haiN| jImanavAra meM miSTAnna grahaNa karate, AhAra ke liye khuzAmada karate aura pUchane para bhI saccA dharma nahIM batAte haiN|" "ye loga snAna karate, tela lagAte, zrRMgAra karate aura itra-phulela kA bhI upayoga karate haiN| svayaM bhraSTa hote hue bhI dUsaroM kI AlocanA karate haiN|" ___ isa prakAra kI vikRta sthiti meM bhI jo loga tIrthaMkaroM kA veSa samajha kara una muniyoM ko vandanAdi karate haiM, unake liye bhI prAcArya haribhadra ne bar3I dardabharI bhASA meM kahA hai : kIbo na kuNai loyaM, lambai paDimAi jassamubaraNe / sobAhaNo ya higaDa, baMdhai kampiTTayamakajje // [sambodha prakaraNa, gA0 14]

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catyavAsa ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : prAyaM revatI nakSatra 627 "kucha nAsamajha loga kahate haiM ki yaha tIrthaMkaroM kA veSa hai / ise bhI namaskAra karanA cAhiye / aho ! dhikkAra hai unheM / maiM apane ziraH zUla kI pukAra kisake Age karU ?" " jinavallabha ne apane saMghapaTTaka kI bhUmikA meM caityavAsa kA itihAsa. prastuta karate hue likhA hai : - "vIra ni0 saM0 850 ke lagabhaga kucha muniyoM ne ugravihAra chor3a kara mandira meM rahanA prArambha kara diyA / inakI saMkhyA dhIre-dhIre bar3hatI gaI aura samayAntara meM ve bahuta prabala ho gaye / " . unhoMne yaha pratipAdana karanA prArambha kara diyA ki vartamAna kAla ke muniyoM kA tyoM meM rahanA ucita hai / unheM pustakAdi ke liye yathAvazyaka dravya bhI rakhanA cAhiye / " " yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 802 meM rAhilapura pATaNa ke rAjA banarAja cAvar3A dvArA unake guru zIlaguNasUri ne yaha grAjJA prasArita karavA dI ki unake nagara araNa hilapura pATaNa meM caityavAsI sAdhuoM ke atirikta anya vanavAsI Adi sAdhu praveza taka nahIM kara skeNge| usa anucita prAjJA ko nirasta karavAne ke liye vikrama saM0 1074 meM jinezvara aura buddhisAgara nAmaka do vidhimArgI vidvAn sAdhuyoM ne rAjA durlabhadeva kI sabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha kara unheM parAjita kiyA aura taba kahIM pATaNa meM vidhimAgiyoM kA praveza ho sakA / vibhinna prAcIna granthoM ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki alpasaMkhyaka suvihita muniyoM kI vidyamAnatA meM bhI cirakAla taka caityavAsiyoM kI prabhutA banI rahI / phira bhI zAsanapremI suvihita muniyoM ne zithilatA kA virodha karate hue siddhAntAnugAmI mArga para apane caraNa jamAye rakhe / jinavallabha ke pazcAt AcArya jinadatta evaM jinapati aura saurASTra meM municandra evaM munisuMdara Adi vidhimArgI vidvAn muni bhI apanI racanAtroM evaM upadezoM ke mAdhyama se caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha Takkara lete rahe aura anta meM unhoMne caityavAsiyoM ko hataprabha kara diyA / vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt yahI caityavAsa parivartita ho kara yatisamAja ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hone lagA / zvetAmbara paramparA kI taraha digambara paramparA meM bhI isakA prabhAva spaSTataH dikhAI detA hai / bhaTTArakoM kI gAdiyAM usa caityavAsa zraura maThavAsa kI hI pratinidhi kahI jA sakatI haiM / prAcArya kuMdakuMda ke "liMgapAhur3a" se patA calatA hai ki usa samaya aise bhI jaina sAdhu the jo gRhasthoM ke vivAha juTAte aura kRSikarma, vANijya zrAdi hiMsA-karma karate the / caityavAsa ke samarthaka muni zivakoTi ne apanI ratnamAlA meM milA hai , bAlA vayaMti evaM veso tityaMkarANa eso bi / namaNijjo viddhi maho, sirasUlaM kassa pukkarimo || [ saMbodhaprakaraNa, gA0 76 (jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA mahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita ) } * jo joDejja vivAha, kisikammavANijjajIvanAdaM ca / [miya bAda]

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628 jana-dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [catyavAsa ki uttama muniyoM ko kalikAla meM vanavAsa nahI karanA cAhiye / jinamandiroM aura vizeSa kara grAmAdi meM rahanA hI unake liye ucita hai|' anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki digambara muniyoM ne vi0 saM0 472 meM vanavAsa chor3a kara "nisIhi" Adi meM rahanA prArambha kiyA ho evaM usameM vikRti hone para vi0 saM0 1216 ke pazcAt maThavAsa cAlU huaA ho aura unameM rahane vAle maThavAsI bhaTTAraka kahe jAne lage hoN|| ... . upalabdha sAhitya ke avalokana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vikrama saMvat "1285 se "caityavAsa" sarvathA banda ho gayA aura muniyoM ne upAzraya meM utaranA prArambha kara diyaa| yathAsthAna isa viSaya meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| tatkAlIna rAjanaitika sthiti - Arya revatInakSatra ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti ke sambandha meM kucha khine se pUrva usa samaya se pahale kI rAjanaitika sthiti para thor3A prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki puSyamitra zuMga ke rAjyakAla meM bekTriyA ke yUnAnI rAjA DimiTriyasa ne eka prabala senA lekara bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| mathurA, sAketa Adi pradezoM ko vijita karane ke pazcAt usane pATaliputra para bhI AkramaNa kiyaa| kintu usI samaya use usake ghara meM gRhakalaha hone tathA yUkreTAiDIja dvArA usake rAjya para adhikAra kara liye jAne kI sUcanA milii| ataH use tatkAla apane dalabala sahita bekTriyA kI ora lauTanA pdd'aa| vahA~ gRhakalaha meM usakI mRtyu ho gii| DimiTriyasa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake nikaTatama sambandhI meneNDara ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| usake pAsa paryApta dhana aura zaktiyAlI vizAla senA thii| meneNDara ne paMjAba para adhikAra kara sAkala arthAt syAlakoTa meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kii| paMjAba-vijaya ke samaya meneNDara kA aneka bauddha bhikSuSoM se sAkSAtkAra hunaa| usane eka bauddha prAcArya se adhyAtma aura darzana. viSayaka aneka prazna kiye / bauddhAcArya se apane praznoM kA saMtoSaprada uttara suna kara vaha bar3A prabhAvita huA aura usane bauddha dharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| itihAsajJoM kA anumAna hai ki 'milindapanho' nAmaka bauddha dharmagrantha meneNDara ke praznoM aura bauddhAcArya nAgasena dvArA diye gaye una praznoM ke uttara ke AdhAra para banA huA hai| bauddha granthoM meM meneNDara ko milinda ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| milinda ne bauddhadharma ko rAjyAzraya dekara usake pracAra-prasAra meM paryApta sahAyatA pradAna kii| ... paMjAba meM apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karane ke pazcAt milinda (meneNDara) ne sindha kI rAha se bhArata-vijaya kA apanA abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| kAThiyAvAr3a, 'kalo kAle vane vAso, vaya'te munisattamaiH / sthIyate va jinAgAre, prAmAdiSu vizeSataH // 22 // [ralamAlA] 2: Tbe Gupta Empire, by Radhakumud Mookerji, page 3

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tatkA0 rAjana0 sthiti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM revatI nakSatra 626 mAdhyamikA (majjhimA) aura mathurA ko apane adhikAra meM karatA huA vaha mAge bar3hA / sindhu (saMbhavataH kAlIsindha) nadI ke dakSiNa taTavartI kisI sthAna para puSyamitra ke pautra vasumitra ne meneNDara ko bhayaMkara yuddha ke pazcAt burI taraha parAsta kiyaa| isa karArI hAra ke pazcAt yUnAniyoM kA rAjya kevala paMjAba aura bhArata ke pazcimottara sImAvartI kucha pradezoM taka hI sImita rahA / / isI samaya zakoM ne bhArata ke pazcimottara pradezoM para prAkramaNa kara vahAM. se yUnAniyoM kI sattA ko samApta kara diyaa| zakarAja mogA aparanAma mosa prathama ne zaiva dharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura usane katipaya varSoM taka gAndhAra (aphagAnistAna) tathA paMjAba para rAjya kiyaa| isake pazcAt zakoM ne uttara pradeza, rAjapUtAnA aura kucha dakSiNI pradezoM taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| zakoM ne bhArata ke aneka pradezoM meM apanI kSatrapiyAM sthApita kii| unameM se mathurA kI kSatrapI kA rAjula nAmaka zAsaka eka zaktizAlI kSatrapa huA, jisake aneka sikke upalabdha hote haiN| vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa kI samApti ke anantara, tadanusAra IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke prArambhakAla meM pArthiyanoM ne IrAna ke aneka pradezoM para adhikA karane ke pazcAt bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| inakA zakoM ke sAtha saMgharSa humaa| pAthiyanoM ne zakoM ko parAsta kara bhArata ke pazcimottara sImAvartI kSetroM evaM paMjAba para adhikAra kara liyaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa zakoM kA rAjya bhArata ke dakSiNa-pazcimI saurASTra prAdi pradezoM meM hI raha gyaa| pAthiyanoM ne paMjAba.para adhikAra karane ke pazcAt apane rAjya kA vistAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| goMDApharanIja nAmaka pAthiyana zAsaka ne takSazilA, mathurA ujjayinI prAdi meM apanI kSatrapiyAM sthApita kii| thor3e samaya pazcAt hI adhikAMza pAthiyana kSatrapoM ne apane Apako svatantra ghoSita kara diyaa| isake pariNAma svarUpa pArthiyanoM kA zakti vikendrita hone ke kAraNa zanaiH zanaiH kSINa hotI gii| ___ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prAyaH sabhI pArthiyana evaM zaka zAsakoM ne bhAratIya dharma svIkAra kara bhAratIya saMskRti ko vikasita-pallavita karane ke bar3e prayAsa kiye| una logoM ne pUrNataH bhAratIya zAsana-praNAlI ke anusAra rAjya karate hue aneka janahita ke kArya kiye| - aba taka kiye gaye ullekhoM se yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki bhArata para jaba jaba bhI videzI AkrAntAoM ne prAkramaNa kiye, taba-taba bhArata ke garaNa rAjyoM, rAjAoM aura janatA ne una videzI zaktiyoM ke sAtha bar3I bIratA se yuddha kiyaa| yadyapi bhArata meM sudRr3ha kendrIya rAjyasattA ke prabhAva aura videziyoM kI susaMgaThita mAlavikAgnimitra (kaaliidaas)| : .2 The Gupta Empire by Shri.Radhakumud Mookerji, page 3 3.bahI, page 4

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63. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [tatkA0 rAjana0 sthiti vizAla senAoM ke kAraNa videziyoM ko bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM para apanA Adhipatya sthApita karane meM saphalatAeM milIM para bhAratIya rAjya zaktiyAM una videziyoM ke sAtha prAyaH nirantara saMgharSarata rhiiN| bhAratIya janatA evaM rAjya zaktiyoM dvArA kiye gaye una saMgharSoM tathA videzI AkrAntAoM ke paraspara TakarAne ke phalasvarUpa antatogatvA ve videzI zaktiyAM kSINa hote hote vilIna hI ho gii| jisa prakAra yUnAniyoM ke zAsana ko prathamataH candragupta maurya aura tadanantara zakoM ne, zakoM ke zAsana ko vIra ni0 saM0 470 meM vikramAditya ne aura tadanantara vIra ni0 saM0 605 meM gaumatIputra sAtakarNI (zAlivAhana) ne samApta kiyA, usI prakAra bhArata ke videzI pArthiyanoM ke zAsana ko videzI yU-cI jAti ke kuSANoM ne samApta kiyaa| prArya revatInakSatra ke vAcanAcArya-kAla se pUrva kujula kaiDaphAisisa (prathama) nAmaka kuSANa saradAra ne pArthiyanoM ko parAjita kara gAndhAra (aphagAnistAna) aura paMjAba ke kucha pradezoM para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kiyaa| usake putra vema kaMDaphAisisa ne bhArata meM aura Age bar3hanA prArambha kiyA aura. Arya durbalikApuSyamitra ke yugapradhAnatva kAla meM pUre paMjAba tathA dupAbA para apanA adhikAra karane ke pazcAt pUrva meM vArANasI taka apane rAjya kI sImA kA vistAra kara liyaa| videzI AkramaNoM ke kAraNa deza ko sarvatomukhI hAni huii| videzI mAkrAntAoM ke atyAcAroM se saMtrasta janamAnasa meM asahiSNatA, pArasparika jAtIya, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika vidveSa ne bala pkdd'aa| videziyoM dvArA deza evaM dezavAsiyoM kI jo durdazA kI jAtI usake lie eka jAti dUsarI jAti ko eka dharmAvalambI dUsare dharmAvalambiyoM ko, eka varga dUsare varga ko doSI ThaharAne lgaa| dezavAsiyoM ke mana meM utpanna huI isa prakAra kI ghAtaka manovRtti se deza ko jo hAni huI, use prAMkA taka nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki vastutaH vaha videzI prAkramaNoM se haI hAni se kaI gunA adhika thii| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki isa prakAra kI vikRta manovRtti ko nihita-svArtha logoM ne samaya-samaya para ubhaadd'aa| isakA pariNAma yaha hamA ki sahasrAbdiyoM se sAtha-sAtha rahate prAye vargoM, dharmAvalambiyoM evaM jAtiyoM ne paraspara eka dUsare ko miTAne ke aneka prayAsa kiye| bhArata se baudadharma kI samApti meM aneka kAraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa prakAra kA dhArmika vidveSa bhI pramukha kAraNa rahA hai| puSyamitra zaMga dvArA bauddhoM aura bauddhadharma ke viruddha kiyA gayA abhiyAna isa tathya kA sAkSI hai| bhArata meM videzI prAkrAntAmoM kI saphalatAmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa utpana huI una viSama paristhitiyoM meM jainadharmAvalambiyoM ko bhI bare kaThina daura se gujaranA pdd'aa| maurya samrAT samprati ke rAjyakAla meM, jahAM bhArata aura bhArata ke par3osI rASTroM meM bhI janadharma kA prabhUtapUrva pracAra-prasAra hamA, vahAM kI pahalI zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa se bhArata para prArambha hone bAme mAmaloM pazcAt jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA meM unaromara hrAsa hotA bnaayaa|

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sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mAyaM brahmadvIpakasiMha 631 20 (24) brahmadvIpakasiMha-vAcanAcArya vAcanAcArya prArya revatInakSatra ke pazcAt Arya brahmadvIpakasiMha 20veM vAcanAcArya he| caubIsaveM yugapradhAnAcArya prArya siMha ke sAtha nAma sAmya hone ke kAraNa vAcanAcArya prArya brahmadvIpakasiMha aura yUgapradhAnAcArya siMha ko adhikAMza lekhakoM dvArA eka hI prAcArya mAna liyA gayA hai| vAcanAcArya siMha ke nAma ke pahale 'brahmadvIpaka' vizeSaNa se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yuga-pradhAnAcArya siMha se prApa bhinna aura pUrvavartI prAcArya haiM / 23ve yugapradhAnAcArya revatImitra ke pazcAt hone vAle 24veM yugapradhAnAcArya prArya siMha 20veM vAcanAcArya brahmadvIpasiMha se bhinna haiM athavA nahIM, yaha eka gaveSaNA kA viSaya hai, kyoMki donoM bhinna-bhinna na hokara eka hI hote to vAcanAcArya siMha aura yugapradhAnAcArya siMha kI bhinnatA batAne vAlA 'brahmadvIpaka' vizeSaNa vAcanAcArya siMha ke nAma ke sAtha nahIM jor3A jaataa| AzA hai vidvAn gaveSaka isa sambandha meM zodha kara prakAza ddaaleNge| Arya brahmadvIpakasiMha kA paricaya prAge Arya siMha ke sAtha prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 22. Arya nAgendra (nAgahasto)-yugapradhAnAcArya prArya vajrasena ke pazcAt yUgapradhAna paramparA meM nAgahastI kA nAma AtA hai| nAgendra sopArakapura ke zreSThI jinadatta ke dokSita cAra putroM meM sabase jyeSTha the| yugapradhAnoM kI nAmAvali meM Arya nAgendra kA prArya nAgendra nAma se ullekha na kara nAmasAmya-tanya truTi se nAgahastI ke nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH yugapradhAna nAgendra vAcaka Arya nAgahastI se sarvathA bhinna pratIta hote haiN| duSSamAkAla zramaNasaMghastotra ke anusAra nAgendra kA dIkSAkAla 562-63 mAnA gayA hai| kiMcinyUna 10 pUrvadhara hone se prArya nAgendra hI vanasena ke pazcAt yugapradhAnAcArya niyukta kiye gye| 66 varSa jaise sudIrgha kAla taka Apane yugapradhAnAcArya pada se jinazAsana kI sevA kii| vIra ni0 saM0,686 meM inakA svargavAsa mAnA gayA hai| pahale yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki prArya nAgahastI aura nAgendra - donoM, do bhinna-bhinna prAcArya haiN| prAcArya nAgahastI vAcakavaMza paramparA ke prAcArya haiM aura unake gurU mArya nandila mAne gaye haiM jabaki nAgendra yugapradhAna paramparA ke prAcArya paura vajrasena ke ziSya haiN| pahale vanasena ke pUrvavartI prAcArya haiM to dUsare vajrasena ke pazcAdvartI unake uttraadhikaarii| vAcaka nAgahastI aura yUgapradhAna nAgendra kI bhinnatA isa tathya se bhI pramANita hotI hai ki Arya nAgahastI kA digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM bhI yativRSabha ke guru rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai para mArya nAgendra ko saMzayamithyAdRSTi, zvetAmbara prAdi vizeSaNoM se abhihita kiyA gayA

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632 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mArya nAgendra hai|' isase bhI pratIta hotA hai ki candramuni ke jyeSTha gurubandhu nAgendra hI zvetAmbara AcArya ke rUpa se digambara paramparA meM carcita hote rahe haiN| nAgahastI paramparA-bheda hone se pUrva ke prAcArya hone ke kAraNa digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM unheM kahIM para bhI zvetAmbara vizeSaraNa se abhihita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane para nAgahastI aura nogendra ye donoM bhinna-bhinna kAla ke do bhinna prAcArya pramANita hote haiN| prArya maMgU aura Arya nAgahastI ye donoM paryApta aMzoM meM samakAlIna hone cAhiye / para nAgendra ko nAgahastI mAna lene para kisI bhI dazA meM saMgati nahIM baitthtii| kyoMki Arya nAgendra kA janma vI. ni. saM. 573 meM hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai jaba ki Arya maMgU kA prAcAryakAla 470 mAnA gayA hai / vAcanAcArya prArya nAgahastI aura yugapradhAnAcArya prArya nAgahastI (nAgendra) ye donoM bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hue do bhinna AcArya haiN| isa tathya ko siddha karane vAle sarvAdhika sabala zAstrIya pramANa, anuyogadvAra sUtra ke pATha kA vAcanAcArya Arya nAgahastI ke prakaraNa meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| 16. prAcArya sAmantamadranAraNAcArya vIra ni0 saM0 643 meM Arya candrasUri ke svargagamana ke pazcAt 16 veM gaNAcArya sAmantabhadra he| Apake janma, kula Adi kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / ApakA jo kucha paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, usase yaha vidita hotA hai ki pApa pUrvazruta ke pramyAsI hote hue bhI askhalita cAritra ko prArAdhanA karane vAle the| nirmoha bhAva se vicaraNa karate hue ye saMyamazuddhi ke liye adhikAMzataH vanoM, udyAnoM, yakSAyatanoM, evaM zUnya devAlayoM meM hI ThaharA karate the| inake utkaTa vairAgya aura vanavAsa ko dekha kara loga inheM vanavAsI aura inake sAdhusamudAya ko vanavAsI-gaccha kahane lge| saudharmakAla ke nigraMtha gaccha kA yaha cauthA nAma vanavAsI gaccha kahA jAtA hai| vanavAsI zabda sApekSa hone ke kAraNa vasativAsa kI smRti dilAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura sudharmA ke samaya taka sAdhuoM kA prAyika nivAsa vana-pradezoM meM hI hotA thA phira bhI usa samaya ke zramaNa vanavAsI na kahalA kara nigraMtha nAma se hI pahicAne jAte rhe| kyoMki unake sammukha vanavAsI se bhinna vasativAsI nAmaka koI bhinna zramaNavarga nahIM thaa| ' (ka) indracandranAgendravAdI mithyAdRSTiH / saMzayavAdI kilevaM manyate, seyaMbaro ya / [boSaprAmRta, gA0 53 zrutasAgarI TIkA] (kha) indrakadranAgendragacchotpannAnAM taMdulakapAyodakAdisamAcArIsamAzrayINAM shvetpttaanaa| [bhAvaprAbhRta, gA0 135, atasAgarI] 2 prastuta grantha, pR0 552 3 vipuTI ke anusAra vIra ni0 sa0 650 /

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prAcArya sAmantabhadra ] sAmAnya pUrvaghara - kAla : zrAyaM brahmadvIpakasiMha jaba nigraMtha gaccha, kauTika gaccha, aura candragaccha ke nAmAntaroM se gujaratA huA sAdhu-samudAya janasamparka meM Age bar3hA, taba zramaraNoM kA prAvAsa bhI mukhya rUpa se vasatiyoM meM hone lagA ho, yaha svAbhAvika hai| saMbhava hai prAyaM rakSita ke pazcAt sAdhu sampradAya meM zithilatA adhika bar3hI huI dekha kara saMyamazuddhi aura ugra sAdhanA ko banAye rakhane ke liye sAmantabhadra ne zithilAcAra ke viruddha vanavAsa svIkAra kiyA ho / dUsarA yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 606 meM hue zvetAmbara - digambara sampradAyabheda ko pATa kara donoM meM samanvaya karane kI dRSTi se ugra saMnamArAdhana kA prayatna prArambha kiyA gayA ho / AcArya sAmantabhadra dvArA kiyA gayA yaha umra pracAra kA abhiyAna zithilAcAra ke virodha meM kucha samaya taka avazya prabhAvotpAdaka rahA hogA / para isameM yathepsita sthAI saphalatA nahIM mila pAI / isI avadhi meM digambara paramparA meM bhI samantabhadvai nAmaka eka prAcArya ke hone ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / kSullaka jinendra varNI ke anusAra unakA samaya IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM prAtA hai / " ho sakatA hai sAmantabhadra ko hI samantabhadra samajha kara unake utkaTa pracAra ke kAraNa unheM sammAnapUrNa dRSTi se dekhA evaM apanA liyA gayA ho / 633 Apake janma, dIkSA, prAcAryapada aura svargavAsa kA samaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke anusAra ApakA astitvakAlaM vIra ni0 saM0 670 ke AsapAsa mAnA gayA hai / 17. zrAcArya vRddhadeva-garaNAcArya AcArya sAmantabhadra ke pazcAt 17veM garaNAcArya vRddhadeva hue| inakA kevala itanA hI paricaya milatA hai ki vRddhAvasthA meM prAcArya pada prApta karane ke kAraNa sabhI unheM vRddhadevasUri ke nAma se saMbodhita karane lage / sAmantabhadra kI paramparA ke AcArya hone ke kAraNa Apako bhI ugra kriyA kA samarthaka mAnA gayA hai / 18. prAcArya pradyotana-garaNAcArya AcArya vRddhadeva ke pazcAt zrArya pradyotanasUri garaNAcArya hue| paTTAvaliyoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha hai ki ajamera aura svarNagiri meM Apane pratiSThA karavAI para svargIya muni kAntisAgarajI ke anusAra itihAsa ke prakAza meM isa prakAra ke ullekhoM kI saccAI saMdigdha mAnI gaI hai| ApakA svargavAsa vIra ni0 saM0 668 meM honA batAyA gayA hai / 16. prAcArya mAnadeva-garaNAcArya prAcArya pradyotanasUri ke pazcAt 16 veM paTTadhara gaNAcArya mAnadeva hue / prAcArya mAnadeva tyAga tapa kI viziSTa sAdhanA meM itane prasiddha the ki jaina 1 jainendra siddhAntakoSa, bhA0 1, pR0 336 2 muni kAntisAgarajI dvArA likhita jaina itihAsa kI pANDulipi, pR0 106 /

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prAcArya mAnadeva samAja meM saMbhavataH viralA hI koI aisA vyakti hogA jo aApake prabhAva se aparicita ho| nADola nivAsI prakhyAta zreSThI dhanezvara Apake pitA aura dhAriNI mAtA thii| apanA ekamAtra putra hone ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA ne ApakA nAma mAnadeva rkhaa| eka bAra prAcArya pradyotana vihAra krama se nADola pdhaare| bhAgyavaza mAnadeva ne bhI prAcAryazrI ke upadezoM ko sunane kA suavasara paayaa| prAcArya pradyotanasUri kI vairAgyapUrNa vAraNI sunakara mAnadeva ko apUrva ullAsa huprA aura unhoMne gurucaraNoM meM pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI icchA vyakta kii| bar3I kaThinAI se mAnadeva ne mAtA-pitA se anumati prApta kI aura zubha samaya meM zramaraNa-dIkSA aMgIkAra kara ve vinayapUrvaka jJAnArAdhana ke sAtha kaThora tapa kI sAdhanA karane lge| prakhara pratimA ke kAraNa alpa samaya meM hI unhoMne 11 aMgazruta, mUla, cheda aura upAMga zrutoM kA pUrNa abhyAsa kara liyaa|' ____ guru ne mAnadeva ko yogya samajhakara prAcArya pada se suzobhita karanA cAhA para kahA jAtA hai ki lakSmI (lAvaNyazrI) aura sarasvatI kA Apasa meM ekatra adbhuta sammilana dekhakara gurudeva isa bAta ke lie cintita hue ki muni mAnadeva se cAritra kA pAlana kisa prakAra nibha skegaa| gurU kI cintA se mAnadeva cAritra ke prati aura adhika AsthAvAn bana gaye / gurudeva kI prIti hetu unhoMne sampUrNa rUpa se vigai-vikRti kA parityAga kara diyA aura bhaktajanoM ke yahAM se AhAra lAnA bhI vanda kara diyaa| prAtmasAdhanA ke prati sajagatA vizva ko sahaja hI jhUkA detI hai| isa niyamAnusAra mAnadeva ke caraNoM meM bhI kucha daivI zakti kA sAmIpya ho gayA thA, isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| prArya nAgendra ke samaya kI rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika sthiti isase pahale ke prakaraNa meM batAyA jA cukA hai ki Arya revatInakSatra ke vAcanAcArya kAla meM kuSANavaMza ke rAjA vema kaiDaphAisisa ne apane pitA kujula kaiDaphAisisa dvArA IrAna kI sImA se lekara sindhu nadI taka saMsthApita rAjya kI sImA meM vistAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| vema ne pUre paMjAba aura dobAbA ko jIta kara pUrva meM vArANasI taka apane rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| vema kaiDaphAisisa kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra kaniSka vIra nirvANa kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM tadanusAra zaka samvatsara ke pracalita hone ke pazcAt rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna huaaa| kaniSka ne puruSapura-pezAvara nAmaka eka navona nagara basA kara vahA~ apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kii| 'aMgakAdazakedhItI, chedamauleSu niSThitaH / upAMgepu ca niSNAtastato jajJe bahuzrutaH // 23 // [prabhAvaka caritra, prakaraNa13]

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mArya nA ke samaya kI] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mArya brahmAdvIpakasiMha kaniSka ne bauddha dharma svIkAra kara vijaya kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| isane pAthiyanoM ke zAsana ko bhArata se mUlataH ukhAr3a pheNkaa| kAzmIra-vijaya ke pazcAt kaniSka ne cInI sAmrAjya ke pradezoM - cInI tukistAna, kAzagara, yArakanda evaM khotAna para apanA prAdhipatya sthApita kara eka vizAla sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| kaniSka kA sAmrAjya IrAna kI sImAoM se vArANasI, cInI, turkistAna se kAzmIra aura dakSiNa meM vindhya-parvatazreNiyoM taka phailA huA thaa|' kaniSka ne kAzmIra meM apane nAma para kaniSkapura nAmaka eka nagara bsaayaa| usane janmajAta bhAratIya kI taraha bhAratIya saMskRti ko apnaayaa| usane videzI hote hue bhI moryasamrATa azoka dvArA apanAI gaI nIti kA anusaraNa karate hue bauddha dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM bar3A yogadAna diyaa| kaniSka ne kAzmIra ke kuNDalavana nAmaka sthAna para bauddha - saMgIti (bauddha bhikSutroM, vidvAnoM evaM bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM ke dharma-sammelana) kA Ayojana kiyaa| usa saMgIti meM bauddha dharma ke pracAra evaM usameM naye sudhAra se sambandhita aneka mahatvapUrNa viSayoM para nirNaya liye gye| itihAsakAroM kA aisA anumAna hai ki kaniSka dvArA kI gaI usa bauddha-saMyoti ke pazcAt bauddhadharma hInayAna aura mahAyAna - ina do saMpradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| buddha ke nirADambara, sahaja-sarala dharma evaM jIvana-darzana ko mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA svalpa thI prataH una logoM ke saMpradAya kA nAma 'hInayAna' pdd'aa| buddha ko bhagavAn kA avatAra mAna kara unakI mUrti kI pUjA karanevAloM kI saMkhyA adhika thI mataH una logoM kA saMpradAya mahAyAna kahA jAne lgaa| kaniSka ne mahAyAna saMpradAya ko prazraya diyaa| kaniSka ke zAsanakAla meM buddha ko pratimAoM kI bar3e ADambara ke sAtha pUjA hone lagI aura deza meM mUrtikalA kA bar3A vikAsa huaa| kaniSka bauddha dharmAvalambI thA phira bhI usane anya sabhI dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra rkhaa| kaniSka ke zAsanakAla meM saMskRta sAhitya kI ullekhanIya unnati huii| usake dvArA sammAnita mahAkavi azvaghoSa ne 'buddhacaritra', saundarAnandam' evaM 'vajrazUcI' ' nAmaka utkRSTa koTi ke saMskRta-granthoM kI racanAeM kii| kaniSka ne apane vizAla sAmrAjya ke zAsana ko sucAru rUpa se saMcAlita karane ke liye bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM kSatrapiyAM sthApita kI thiiN| unameM se mathurA, vArANasI, gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a evaM mAlavA kI kSatrapiyoM evaM unake kharapallAna vanasphara prAdi kSatrapoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN|' * zaktizAlI kuSANavaMzI mahArAjA kaniSka ke deza-videzavyApI vijaya abhiyAnoM ke saMkrAntikAla meM bhI katipaya bhAratIya rAjAoM ne bar3e zaurya aura dhairya ke sAtha apanA svatantra astitva banAye rkhaa| isakA jvalanta udAharaNa hai 1. His Empire in India included Kapisa, Gandhara and Kasmira and extended in the east upto Varanasi and beyond. (The Gupta Empire, by Radhakumud Mookerji, p. 31 1. The Gupta Empire' dy Radhakumud Mookerji, p. 4.,

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636 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ rA0 evaM dhArmika sthiti dakSiNApatha kA sAtavAhana rAjavaMza, jisake, vikramAditya ke samaya se vIra ni0 saM0 663 taka prakSuNNa rAjya calane ke aneka ullekha jaina vAGmaya meM tathA anya itihAsa granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / katipaya sAtavAhanavaMzI rAjAoM ke jaina dharmAvalambI hone viSayaka aneka ullekha jaina sAhitya meM vidyamAna haiM / mahArAjA kaniSka ke samaya meM kuSAragavaMzI videzI rAjasattA bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAtha itanI adhika ghulamila gaI thI ki donoM eka dUsare ke utkarSa ko apanA svayaM kA utkarSa samajhane lage the / isa ghaniSTha sambandha ke kAraNa kuSAraNasAmrAjya ke utkarSa meM bauddha saMgha kA sarvatomukhI sahayoga aura bauddha saMgha meM kaniSka kA varcasva bar3hatA hI gyaa| bauddha aura kuSAraNoM kI isa prakAra kI ghaniSThatA jahA~ eka zrora bauddhadharma ke tAtkAlika utkarSa meM bar3I hI sahAyaka huI, vahA~ dUsarI zrora vaha bauddhadharma ke lie mahAn abhizApa siddha huI / videzI dAsatA se mukti cAhane vAlI samasta bhAratIya prajA ke hRdaya meM kuSAraNoM ke prati jo ghRraNA thI, vaha kuSAraNoM ke zAsana ko sudRr3ha banAye rakhane meM sahAyatA pradAna karane vAle bauddha saMghoM, bauddhabhikSutroM evaM bauddha dharmAvalambiyoM ke prati bhI uttarottara bar3hane lagI / bhArata kI svatantratApriya prajA bauddha saMgha ko rASTrIyatA ke dharAtala se cyuta, prAdhyAtmika svatantratA se vihIna evaM prAtatAyI kA prANapriya poSya-putra samajhane lagI / bhAratIya janamAnasa meM utpanna huI isa prakAra kI bhAvanA antatogatvA bhArata meM bauddhadharma ke apakarSa hI nahIM apitu sarvanAza kA kAraNa banI / nAga bhAraziva rAjavaMza kA prabhyudaya bauddhoM ke sarvatomukhI sahayoga ke bala para bar3hate hue videzI dAsatA ke usa utpIr3ana ne bhAraziva nAmaka nAga rAjavaMza ko janma diyA / lakulIza nAmaka eka parivrAjaka ne videzI dAsatA ke jUr3e ko utAra pheMkane ke liye lAlAyita bhAratIya janamAnasa meM ziva ke saMhAraka svarUpa kI upAsanA ke mAdhyama se prAraNa phUMkane kA abhiyAna prArambha kiyaa| bhAraziva nAgoM ne lakulIza ko ziva kA aMzAvatAra mAnakara unake pratyeka pradeza kA akSarazaH pAlana kiyA / kaniSka kI mRtyu hote hI bhAraziva nAgavaMza eka rAjavaMza ke rUpa meM udita huA / Age calakara ina bhArazivoM ne kuSANa sAmrAjya kA anta kara vizAla bhAratIya sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| " aitihAsika tathyoM ke paryavekSaraNa se kaniSka kA gandhAra ke siMhAsana para zrAsIna hone kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 605 ( I0 san 78) tathA mRtyu kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 633 ( I0 san 106 ) ThaharatA hai| tadanusAra bhAraziva nAgoM ke Several Vakataka inscriptions mention Bhavanaga, sovereign of the dynasty known as the Bharsivas who were so powerful that they had to their credit the performance of as many as ten Asvamedha sacrifices following their conquests along the Bhagirathi (Ganges). [The Gupta Empire, by Radhakumud Mookerji, page 7] . 2 The Gupta Empire' by Radhakumud Mookerji, page 3-4. 1

Page #767
bhArazivoM kA prabhyudaya] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mArya brahmadvIpakasiMha 637 prArambhika abhyudaya kA samaya vIra nirvANa saM0 633 ke pazcAt kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| . bhAraziva nAgavaMzI mUlataH padmAvatI, kAntipurI aura vidizA ke nivAsI the| brahmANDa purANa aura vAyupurANa meM nAgoM ko vRSa (ziva kA nandI) nAma se sambodhita karate hue inake vizAla sAmrAjya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jisameM madra (pUrvI paMjAba), rAjapUtAnA, madhyapradeza, uttara pradeza, mAlavA, bundelakhaNDa aura bihAra Adi pradeza sammilita the| zuMgakAla meM zeSa, bhogina, rAmacandra, dharmavarmana aura baMgara ina pAMca nAgavaMzI rAjAnoM kA vidizA meM rAjya hone ke pramANa milate haiN| isake atirikta zuMgottarakAla meM bhUtanandI, zizunandI, yazanandI, puruSadAta, usabhadAta, kAmadAta, bhavadAta tathA zivanandI nAmaka pATha nAgarAjAmoM kA vidizA meM rAjya honA katipaya zilAlekhoM evaM mudrAoM se pramANita hotA hai| kaniSka dvArA kuSAraNa rAjya ke vistAra ke samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM nAgoM ko apane mUla nivAsa-sthAna vidizA, padmAvatI aura kAntipurIko chor3akara madhyabhArata kI ora sAmUhika niSkramaNa karanA pdd'aa| ye loga vindhya ke pAzrvavartI pradezoM meM nirvAsitoM kI taraha rahane lge| vidizA, padmAvatI aura kAntipurI para kuSANoM ne apanA Adhipatya sthApita kara liyaa| nAga logoM ko kuSANoM kI bar3hatI huI prabala zakti ke kAraNa niSkramaNa karanA par3A thA para samu. cita avasara prApta hote hI apane paramparAgata rAjya para pUnaH adhikAra kara lene kI abhilASA unake antara meM balavatI banI rhii| ataH ve loga avasara kI pratIkSA meM zakti saMcaya karate rhe| nAgoM ne apane nirvAsanakAla meM nAgapura, purikA, rIvAM Adi ke zAsakoM ke sAtha ghaniSTha samparka banAye rkhaa| ____ kaniSka ko mRtyu ke uparAnta nAgoM ne apane mUla nivAsa sthAna vidizA prAdi ko kuSANoM kI dAsatA se punaH mukta karAne kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| apane lakSya kI prApti ke liye ve sainika abhiyAna hetu sabhI Avazyaka sAmagrI juTAne meM bar3I tatparatA se juTa gye| 23 Arya revatImitra-yugapradhAnAcArya (vIra ni0 saM0 689-748) Arya nAgendra ke pazcAt Arya revatImitra yugapradhAnAcArya hue| ApakA yatkicit paricaya vAcanAcArya Arya revatInakSatra ke sAtha de diyA gayA hai| bhAraziva aura kuSANa mahArAjA huviSka pratApI mahArAjA kaniSka kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA putra huviSka manamAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 633 (I0 san 106) meM kuSANavaMza ke vizAla sAmrAjya kA adhipati banA / huviSka ke zAsanakAla meM nAga jAti kI.bhAraziva zAlA punaH eka rAjyazakti ke rUpa meM udita huii| bhArazivoM ne vindhya ke nikaTavartI pradezoM meM apanI zakti bar3hAne ke sAtha-sAtha kuSANa sAmrAjya para prAkramaNa karane prAra

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638 bana dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhAraziva aura huvika kiye| uttarapradeza se cInI turkistAna taka phaile kuSANoM ke vizAla sAmrAjya se lohA lenA bhArazivoM kI navodita rAjya zakti ke lie koI sAdhAraNa sAhasaM kA kArya nahIM thaa| madhyapradeza se bundelakhaNDa kI rAha bhArazivoM ne kuSANoM ke viruddha apane sainika abhiyAna dvArA kuSANa sAmrAjya ke sImAvartI kSetroM ko apane adhikAra meM karanA prArambha kiyaa| bhArazivoM ne bar3e sAhasa aura raNacAturI se kAma kiyaa| . isa prakAra huviSka ke zAsanakAla meM hI kuSANa-sAmrAjya kA zana-zana hrAsa prArambha ho gyaa| kuSANa mahArAjA vAziSka vIra ni0 saM0 665 meM huviSka kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA putra vAziSka kuSANavaMza ke hrAsonmukha sAmrAjya kA adhikArI bnaa| vAziSka ne kAzmIra meM apane pitA ke nAma para huviSkapura nAmaka eka nagara bsaayaa| vAziSka kA zAsanakAla vIra ni0 saM0 665 se 676 tadanusAra I0 san 138 se 152 taka rhaa| bhAraziyoM dvArA kuSAraNa-sAmrAjya para prahAra vAziSka ke zAsanakAla meM navanAge ke netRtva meM bhAraziva nAgoM ne apane soye hue paramparAgata rAjya ko punaH hastagata karane ke liye kuSANa sAmrAjya para bar3I vIratA ke sAtha pravala AkramaNa kiye| uttarapradeza ke aneka kSetroM se kuSAraNa zAsana kI samApti ke pazcAt antatogatvA vIra ni0 saM0 674 tadanusAra I0 san 147 ke prAsapAsa navanAga ne kuSANoM kI dAsatA se kAMtipurI ke rAjya ko mukta kara vahA~ apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| nAgavaMzI prathama bhAraziva rAjA navanAga ne kAntipurI meM apanA rAjya sthApita karane ke pazcAt kuSANa-sAmrAjya ko samApta karane ke uddezya se madrakoM, yaudheyoM, mAlavoM evaM anya gaNatantrapriya saMghoM ko apanA saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| bhArazivoM se sAmarika sahAyatA prApta kara ve gaNatantra punaH sakriya hue| navanAga evaM madraka, mAlava, yoddheya Adi garaNa-jAtiyoM ke prAkasmika aAkramaNoM se kupAraNa rAjya nirantara kSINa aura AkAra meM choTA hotA gyaa| kuSANa mahArAjA vAsudeva __ vIra ni0 saM0 669 meM vAziSka ke dehAvasAna ke pazcAt usakA putra vAsudeva kuSANa rAjya kA adhipati banA / kAntipurI kA rAjA navanAga bhAraziva apame zeSa jIvana kAla meM vAsudeva ke sAtha yuddharata rhaa| vIra ni0 saM0 667 tadanusAra I0 san 170 ke AsapAsa navanAga kI mRtyu ke arAnta usake putra vIrasena ne kAMtipurI ke rAjasiMhAsana para AsIna hote hI bar3e prabala vega se kuzANa sAmrAjya para prahAra karane prArambha kiye| vIrasena ne aneka yuddhoM meM kupAgoM ko parAjita kiyaa| yaudheya, madraka, arjunAyana, zivi evaM mAlava prAdi garagarAjyoM

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kuSANa ma. vAsudeva] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM brahmadvIpakasiMha ne bhI bhArazivoM dvArA kuSANa sAmrAjya kI samApti ke liye prArambha kiye gaye abhiyAna meM bar3A ullekhanIya yogadAna diyA aura antatogatvA bhAraziva rAjA vIrasena ne IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke samApta hote hote Arya dharA se sadA ke liye kuSANoM ke zAsana ko samApta kara diyA / bhArazivoM ne apanI vijayoM ke upalakSa meM kAzI meM gaMgA ke kinAre para 10 azvamegha yajJa kiye' aura ina yajJoM kI smRti ko cirasthAyI banAye rakhane ke liye usa sthAna para dazAzvamedha ghATa kA nirmANa krvaayaa| yadyapi bhArazivoM ne kuSANa rAjavaMza ke zAsana ko bhArata bhUmi se sadA ke liye samApta kara diyA para bhArata ke antima kuSANa rAjA vAsudeva ke pazcAt bhI kuSANa vaMza ke katipaya aura bhI rAjA hue| unakA rAjya kAbula kI ghATI aura sImAnta pradeza taka ho sImita rhaa| gupta rAjavaMza ke caramotkarSakAla meM kAbula kI ghATI aura sImAnta pradeza ke bace-khuce kuSANa rAjya bhI samApta ho gye| samudragupta ke ilAhAbAda ke staMbhalekha meM gAndhAra aura kAzmIra ke kRSAraNa rAjAoM dvArA bahumUlya vastuoM kI bheMTa ke sAtha samudragupta kI adhInatA svIkAra kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| kidAra nAmaka eka kuSANavaMzI rAjA ke sikke bhI prApta hue haiN| ina tathyoM se aisA prakaTa hotA hai ki IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI taka gAndhAra aura kAzmIra meM kuSAraNoM kA rAjya rhaa|2 mAraziva rAjavaMza kI zAkhAeM videzI kuSANoM ke zAsana kA anta karane ke pazcAt bhAraziva vaMzI nAga rAjA vIra sena ne apane eka putra hayanAga ko kAntipurI ke rAjya kA, dUsare putra bhImanAga ko padmAvatI ke rAjya kA aura tIsare putra ko jisakA ki nAma ajJAta hai - mathurA ke rAjya kA adhikArI bnaayaa| hayanAga ke pazcAt kAntipurI ke rAjya para kramazaH trayanAga, barhina nAga, carajanAga aura bhavanAga ne zAsana kiyaa| bhavanAga ne anta samaya meM apane dauhitra rudrasena (vAkATaka samrAT pravarasena ke pautra) ko purikA kA rAjya diyaa| isa prakAra bhAraziva rAjavaMza kI eka zAkhA kA rAjya vAkATaka rAjya ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyaa| padmAvatI ke rAjasiMhAsana para bhImanAga ke pazcAt kramazaH skandanAga, bRhaspatinAga, vyAghranAga, devanAga aura gaNapati nAga baitthe| vAkATakoM aura guptoM ke sAtha bhArazivoM ke vaivAhika sambandha sthApita hae / isa vaivAhika gaThabandhana ke pariNAmasvarUpa ina tInoM rAjavaMzoM ne bhArata ko eka lambe samaya taka videzI AkrAntAoM ke bhaya se sarvathA mukta rkhaa| ...... Bharsivas who were so powerful that they had to their credit the performance of as many as teo Ashvamedha sacrifices following their conquests along the Bhagirathi (Ganges) [The Gupta Empire, by Radhakumud Mookerji, p. 7) 2 [bahI; page4]

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640 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [bhAratiyoM kI zAkhAeM bhArazivavaMza kI tIna zAkhAeM mAnI gaI haiN| unake rAjAoM ke nAma isa . prakAra haiM : 1. kAntipurIko mukhya zAkhA 1. navanAga 5. bahinanAga 2. vIrasena 6. carajanAga 3. hayanAga 7. bhavanAga 4. ayanAga 8. vAkATaka rAjA rudrasena (bhavanAga kA dauhitra) jisako bhavanAga ne purikA kA rAjya diyaa| - 2. padmAvatI zAkhA 1. bhImanAga . 4. vyAghranAga 2. skandanAga 5. devanAga 3. bRhaspatinAga 6. gaNapatinAga (isake sikke bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM mile haiM) gaNapatinAga ke pazcAt saMbhavaMtaH padmAvatI zAkhA meM nAgasena nAmaka rAjA humA jise kavi hariSeNa ke ilAhAbAda sthita stambha lekha ke anusAra samudragupta ne apane pahale vijaya abhiyAna meM hI parAjita evaM apadastha kiyaa| mahAkavi bANa ne bhI 'harSacaritra' meM nAgasena ko padmAvatI kA rAjA batAte hue usakI mUrkhatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| 3. mayurA zAkhA mathurAzAkhA ke rAjAoM ke nAma upalabdha nahIM hote| vAkATaka rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya gupta rAjavaMza ke utkarSa se pUrva bhArata ke bahuta bar3e bhUbhAga para vAkATaka rAjavaMza kA vizAla sAmrAjya thaa| arjunAyana, mAdraka, yaudheya, mAlava prAdi gaNarAjya tathA paMjAba, rAjapUtAnA, mAlavA, gujarAta mAdi prAntoM ke prAyaH sabhI rAjA vAkATaka sAmrAjya ke karada evaM adhInastha the| purANoM meM vAkATaka rAjavaMza ko vidhyaka ke nAma se hI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vAkATaka rAjavaMza ke aneka sikke, zilAlekha evaM tAmrapatra upalabdha hote haiN| prajantA ke guhAcitroM evaM abhilekhoM se bhI vAkATaka rAjavaMza ke itihAsa para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai / itihAsajJoM ne vindhyazakti nAmaka nAga ko vAkATaka rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka mAnA hai| purANoM meM kolikila vRSoM (bhArazivoM) meM se isa rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka viSyazakti kA abhyudaya batAyA gayA hai / 'vindhyakAnAM kule tIte... // 373 // [vAyupurANa, adhyAya 96] 2 tacchannena ca kAlena, tataH kosikimA vRSAH // 366 // tataH kolikilemyazca, vindhyazaktimaviSyati / ... // 36 //

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641 vAkATaka rAjavaMza] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM brahmadIpakasiMha "tataH kolikilebhyazca, vindhyazaktirbhaviSyati / " isa zlokAdhaM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki bhAraziva nAgoM ke sAtha vindhyazakti kA ati sannikaTa kA sambandha thaa| bhAraziva bhI nAgavaMzI the aura vindhyazakti bhI nAgavaMza kI kisI zAkhA vizeSa meM utpanna huyA thaa| saMbhava hai vaha nAgavaMza kI zAkhA vAkATaka nAma se vikhyAta kisI grAma, sthAna athavA pradeza vizeSa kI rahane vAlI ho ata: bhAraziva Adi anya nAgavaMziyoM se apanI bhinnatA abhivyakta karane ke liye vindhya- . zakti evaM usake vaMzajoM ne apanI zAkhA kA nAma vAkATaka rakhA ho| upariMlikhita zlokAMza ke AdhAra para hI saMbhavataH katipaya itihAsajJa apanI yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta karate haiM ki vindhyazakti vastutaH bhArazivoM kI senA kA sarvocca adhikArI thA aura usane vindhya pradeza meM apanI pRthaka rAjasattA sthApita kara usakA vistAra kiyA ataH vindhya se navodita zakti ke rUpa meM vaha vindhyazakti ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| uparokta zlokapada se yaha to nirvivAdarUpeNa siddha hotA hai ki bhAraziva nAgavaMza se hI vAkATaka rAjavaMza udita huprA / / jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai vAkATaka rAjavaMza ke aneka rAjAoM ke sikke, zilAlekha Adi upalabdha hote haiM kintu isa rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka vindhyazakti ke na to koI sikke hI upalabdha hue haiM aura na abhilekhAdi hii| aisI sthiti meM vindhya zakti ke sattAkAla ko sunizcita karane ke liye anya pramANoM kA sahArA lenA hogaa| .. __ bhAraziva vaMza ke sAtaveM rAjA bhavanAga kI putrI kA vivAha vAkATaka samrATa pravarasena (vindhyazakti ke putra) ke putra gautamI putra ke sAtha tathA gupta samrATa candragupta (dvitIya) kI putrI prabhAvatI guptA kA pANigrahaNa vAkATaka nRpati pRthvISeNa (prathama) ke putra rudrasena dvitIya ke sAtha huaa| ina tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM ina tInoM rAjavaMzoM ke sattAkAla para vicAra karane para yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vAkATaka rAjavaMza kA saMsthApaka vindhyazakti bhAraziva rAjavaMza ke cauthe rAjA trayanAga tathA gupta rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka rAjA zrIgupta kA gamakAlIna thaa| purANoM meM vindhyazakti kA zAsanakAla jo 66 varSa batAyA gayA hai, vaha vastutaH vAkATakoM kA sAmrAjyakAla hai| usameM 36 varSa vindhya zakti kA aura 60 varSa pravIra arthAt pravarasena kA rAjya, isa prakAra 16 varSa kA vAkATakoM kA sAmrAjyakAla batAyA gayA hai| pravarasena ke pazcAt usake pautra rudrasena prathama (bhavanAga ke dohitra) aura usake pazcAt pRthivISeNa prathama- ina do vAkATaka rAjApoM kA zAsanakAla jJAta karanA avaziSTa raha jAtA hai| prathivISeraNa prathama kA putra rudrasena dvitIya, guptasamrATa candragupta dvitIya kA jAmAtA thaa| candragupta dvitIya I0 san 375 meM ' "samA:paNNavati mAtyA, pRthivIM ca sameSyati // 36 // (bApupurANa, anuSaMgapAdatamApti vindhyazaktisutAcApi, pravIro nAma bIryavAn / morayantipasamA paSTi pUrI kAMcanako // 373 // * [vahI]..

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642 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [vAkATaka rAjavaMza gupta sAmrAjya kA adhipati banA, yaha prAyaH sabhI itihAsajJa svIkAra karate haiM aura moTe taura para yahI samaya candragupta dvitIya ke jAmAtA rudrasena dvitIya kA bhI honA caahie| kavi hariSeNa dvArA uTTa kita karavAye gaye ilAhAbAda sthita kauzAmbI ke stambhalekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki gupta samrAT samudragupta ne rudrasena prathama (vAkATaka mahArAjA) ko kauzAmbI ke yuddhakSetra meM parAjita kiyaa| samudragupta kA samaya I0 san 335 se 375 ke AsapAsa kA mAnA jAtA hai aura rudrasena prathama kA samaya I0 san 34 se 348 mAnA gayA hai|' . gupta samrATa candragupta dvitIya (vikramAditya) ke jAmAtA rudrasena dvitIya ke siMhAsanAsIna hone kA samaya I0 san 375 mAna liye jAne para pRthvISeNa prathama kA samaya svataH hI 30 san 348 se 375 taka kA siddha ho jAtA hai| ina tathyoM se vAkATaka rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka vindhyazakti kA zAsanakAla 36 varSa usake putra pravarasena kA 60 varSa, rudrasena prathama kA 4 varSa aura pRthvISeNa prathama kA zAsanakAla 27 varSa kA tathA ina cAroM vAkATaka baMcha ke rAjAbhoM kA kula milAkara I. san 375 taka 127 varSa kA zAsanakAla siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra 375 meM se 127 ghaTAne para vAkATaka rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka vindhyazakti ke rAjyasiMhAsanArUr3ha hone kA samaya I0 san 248 pramANita hotA hai / guptavaMza ke saMsthApaka zrI gupta kA zAsanakAla I0 san 240 se 280 taka kA aura bhArAziva rAjavaMza ke cauthe rAjA trayanAga kA zAsanakAla I0 san 245 se 250 taka kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vindhyazakti guptavaMza ke prathama rAjA zrIgupta aura bhArAziva vaMza ke cauthe rAjA prayanAga kA samakAlIna siddha hotA hai| prasiddha itihAsajJa rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne bhI vindhyazakti kA lagabhaga yahI samaya anumAnita kiyA hai| vindhyazakti ne kAMcanakA (buMdela khaNDa) meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI aura I0 san 248 se 284 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0775 se 11 taka ke 36 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM apane rAjya kI sImAoM kA vistAra kiyaa| isake zAsanakAla kA vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| vAkATaka sabATa pravarasena (prabora) vindhyazakti kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 811 meM pravarasena kAMcanakA ke rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaa| vIra ni0 saM0 811 se 871 taka ke apane 60 varSa The first of these kings was Rudradeva who is ideatified with Rudrasena I Vakataka (A.D. 344-48) and wbo must bave been deprived of the eastern part of his territory between jumos & Vidios, i. e. Buodelk hand.' (The Gupta Empire, by Radhakumud Mookerji, p. 231 Thus we may assume a period of 150 years at the least for the reigns of the four kings from. Vindhyashakti I to Viodbyasbakti II and the date A. D. 250 for the foundation of Vakataka I dynasty by Vindhyashakti. (The Gupta Empiro, by Radbakumud Mookerfi, p. 43)

Page #773
samrAT pravarasena] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : prAyaM brahmadvIpakasiMha 643 ke zAsanakAla meM pravarasena ne aneka vijaya abhiyAna kiye aura bhArata ke suvizAla bhU-bhAga para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kiyaa| apanI vijayoM ke upalakSa meM usane 4 azvamedha kiye aura apane Apako sampUrNa bhAratavarSa kA samrATa ghoSita kiyaa| bhArazivoM ne lambe samaya taka kuSANoM ke sAtha yuddharata rahakara bhArata ko videzI dAsatA se mukta kiyaa| apanI una mahAn vijayoM ke upalakSa meM bhArazivoM ne jo daza azvamedha kiye, isase yahI pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne bhArata se kuSAraNa zAsana kA pUrNataH unmUlana kara diyaa| aisI sthiti meM anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pravarasena . ke samakSa videzI zaktiyoM ke sAtha saMgharSa karane kA koI avasara hI upasthita nahIM haprA aura usane bhArazivoM, anya rAjAoM evaM gaNarAjyoM ke sAtha yudarata rahakara una para vijaya prApta kii| pravarasena ke bar3e putra gautamIputra kA bhAraziva vaMzI rAjA bhavanAga kI putrI se vivAha humA / purANoM meM pravarasena ke 4 putra hone kA ullekha hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pravarasena se pahale hI usake bar3e putra gautamI putra kI mRtyu ho gaI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa pravarasena kA pautra rudrasena (prathama). apane dAdA ke pazcAt vAkATaka sAmrAjya kA adhikArI bnaa| pravarasena ke zeSa tIna putra bhI anya rAjyoM ke adhikArI bne| habasena prathama __Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki rudrasena (prathama) kA I0 san 344 se 348 taka kevala 4 varSa hI zAsana rahA / rudrasena ko apane dAdA se kAMcanakA kA vizAla sAmrAjya aura mAtAmaha bhavanAga se purikA kA rAjya milA thaa| samudragupta ne ise yuddha meM parAsta kiyA aura isa prakAra vAkATaka sAmrAjya ke bhagnAvazeSoM para gupta sAmrAjya kA nirmANa huaa| rudrasena prathama ke pazcAt hue vAkATaka vaMza ke aneka rAjA gupta sAmrAjya ke karada rhe| . vAkATaka vaMza ke rAjAoM kA zAsanakAla isa prakAra hai :1. vindhyazakti prathama I0 san 248 se 284 2. pravarasena prathama (gautamIputra) ,,, 284 se 344 3. rudrasena prathama (bhArazivarAja bhavanAga kA dauhitra) , , 344 se 348 4. pRthvISeNa prathama ., 348 se 375 5. rudrasena dvitIya (caMdragupta dvitIya kA jAmAtA) , 375 se 395 6. divAkarasena kI abhibhAvikA prabhAvatI guptA . , , 365 se 405 7. dAmodarasena kI abhibhAvikA prabhAvatI guptA , 405 se 415 8. pravarasena dvitIya ,, 415 se 435 ' yakSyanti vAjapeyazca, samAptavaradakSiNaH / ... ||374 / / . vAyupurANa, adhyAya 66] 2 .tasya putrAstu catvAro, bhaviSyanti narAdhipAH // 374 // . [bahI] 1 samudragupta kI vijayoM kA hariSeNa hArA taiyAra karavAyA gayA ilAhAbAda sthita stambhalekha /

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644 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [rudrasena prathama 9. narendrasena " , 435 se 470 10. pRthvISeNa dvitIya ,,, 470 se 485 11. devasena , , 485 se 460 12. hariSeNa ,,, 460 se 520 vAkATakoM kI vatsagulma zAkhA :1. vindhyazakti 5. pravarasena dvitIya 2. pravarasena prathama 6. (ajJAta nAmA) 3. sarvasena 7. devasena 4. vindhyasena (vindhyazakti dvitIya) 8. hariSeNa 20 mArya brahmadvIpikasiMha - vAcanAcArya 24. mArya siMha - yugapradhAnAcArya prAcArya revatInakSatra ke svargagamana pazcAt Arya brahmadvIpakasiMha vAcanAcArya hue / ApakI zramaNa-dIkSA nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra acalapura meM huii| prAcArya devaddhi ne nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM 'baMbhagadIvagasIhe isa pada se Apako brahmadvIpa kA siMha evaM kAlika zruta kI vyAkhyA karane meM atyanta nipuNa, dhIra aura uttama vAcaka pada ko prApta karane vAlA batAyA hai| __ Arya siMha ke nAma ke sAtha brahmadvIpaka vizeSaNa se prAcArya devaddhi ne siMha nAma ke aneka muniyoM se prArya siMha ko bhinna batAne ke lie inheM 'brahmadvIpa kA siMha isa nAma se abhihita kiyA hai / brahmadvIpa zabda ko dekha kara sahaja hI brahmadvIpikI zAkhA kI smRti ho sakatI haiM aura aisA anumAna honA bhI svAbhAvika hai ki Arya siMha brahmadvIpikA zAkhA ke muni hoNge| kintu jyoM hI inakA revatInakSatra ke sAtha guru-ziSya kA sambandha aura devaddhi dvArA kathita vAcakapadadharoM kA dhyAna AtA hai, taba vicAra AtA hai ki ye prAya siMha vAcakavaMza ke hI viziSTa prAcArya done caahiye| kyoMki yugapradhAna paramparA meM revatImitra ke ziSya brahmadvIpakasiMha kA nahIM apitu siMha kA ullekha milatA hai| kalpa sthavirAvalI meM sthavira pArya dharma ke ziSya prArya siMha kA nAma avazya upalabdha hotA hai| yadi. unheM brahmadvIpikI zAkhA ke prAcArya mAna kara skandilAcArya kA guru mAnA jAya to samaya kA mela baiTha sakatA hai| parantu nandIsUtra kI cUNi, vRtti' prAdi meM skaMdila ko spaSTa rUpa se vAcaka prAya siMha ke ziSya ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| ___sambhava hai brahmadvIpakasiMha kA vAcanAcAryakAla bhI vIra ni0 kI 8 vIM / zatAbdI kA mantima kAla rahA ho| duSSamAkAlazramasaMghastotra ke anusAra yugapradhAna prAcArya siMha kA kAla isa prakAra mAnya kiyA gayA hai :gareSu nita-prasiyanI devI se banagara nirmatavAvaH tAna vanda simAMcakaniyAn . nindI svavirAganI, hArimAyAvRtti, gA.]

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sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : bhArya siha yugapra0 145 vIra ni0 saM0 710 meM janma, 18 varSa pazcAt 728 meM dIkSA, 20 varSa sAmAnya sAdhu-paryAya aura 78 varSa yugapradhAnakAla pUrNa kara vora ni0 saM0 826 meM svargavAsa / vAcaka Arya siMha ko yugapradhAna siMha se bhinna mAnane para Arya skaMdila kA kAryakAla 26 varSa adhika hotA hai jabaki yugapradhAna Arya siMha ko hI vAcaka prArya siMha mAnane se prArya skandila kA kAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 826 meM prAtA hai| itihAsa ke vizeSajJa vidvAn tathyoM ko dhyAna meM lekara nirNaya kareM ki vAcaka Arya siMha aura yugapradhAna Arya siMha bhinna prAcArya haiM athavA ek| 20: gaNAcArya mAnatuMga . prAcArya mAnadeva ke pazcAt prAcArya mAnatuMga bar3e hI prabhAvaka prAcAya hue haiN| ye vArANasI ke brahmakSatriya zreSThI dhanadeva ke putra batAye gaye haiN| usa samaya vArANasI meM nagna jaina muniyoM kA Agamana humaa| mAnatuMga unakA upadeza suna kara bhogavAsanA se virakta hue| muni cArukIrti ne mAnatuga kI icchA dekha kara mAtA-pitA kI anumati se use munidharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura dIkSAnantara mAnatuMga kA nAma mahAkItti rkhaa| kahA jAtA hai ki muni mahAkotti ko apanI bahina dvArA kamaNDalu ke jala meM asAvadhAnI se rahe hue jalIya jantu dikhAye jAne para preraNA huI aura unhoMne prAcArya ajItasiMha ke pAsa zvetAmbarI dIkSA svIkAra kii| eka bAra rAjA harSa ne mayUra aura bANa kI vidvattA. evaM camatkArapUrNa bhakti ko dekha kara prAcArya mAnatuMga ko sAdara nimantrita kiyA / mantrI ke Agraha para zAsana-prabhAvanA kA suavasara jAna kara prAcArya mAnatuga rAjabhavana padhAre / mahArAja harSa ne bhI abhyutthAnapUrvaka abhivAdana kara kahA- "mahAtman ! bhUmaNDala para brAhmaNa kitane atizayasampanna haiN| eka ne sUrya kI prArAdhanA se apane aMga kA kuSTa roga miTA diyA jaba ki dUsare ne (bAraNa ne) caNDikA kI upAsanA se kaTe hAtha paira punaH prApta kara liye| yadi ApakI bhI zakti hoM to kucha camatkAra btaaiye|" - rAjA kI bAta suna kara prAcArya mAnatuMga ne kahA - "bhUpAla ! hama gRhastha nahI haiM, jo dhana, dhAnya, putra, kalatra Adi ke liye rAjaraMjana Adi kiyA kreN| parantu zAsana kA utkarSa hI hamArA kArya hai|" muni kI bAta suna kara rAjA ne kahA- "inako ber3iyoM se jakar3a kara andhere koThoM meM banda kara diyA jaay|" rAjapuruSoM ne 44 lohamaya bandhanoM se prAcArya mAnatuMga ko jakar3a kara andhere kamaroM meM banda kara tAle lagA diye| prAcArya mAnatuMga ne binA kisI prakAra ke kSobha ke ekAgra mana se bhagavAn zrI.RSabhadeva kI stuti rUpa bhaktAmara stotra kI racanA prArambha kii| stotra ke 44 zloka pUre hote-hote tAle paura

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646 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [gaNAcArya mAnatuMga kamaroM ke dvAra svataH hI khula gaye aura prAcArya mAnatuMga ke sabhI bandhana kaTa gaye / bandhana-mukta prAcArya pUrvAcala se udIyamAna bhAskara kI taraha rAjasabhA meM jA upasthita hue| isa prakAra mAnatuMgasUri ke tyAga-tapa aura pratibhA ke camatkAra se prabhAvita rAjA harSa prApakA parama bhakta bana gyaa| prAcArya mAnatuMga ne bhI vItarAga-mArga kA upadeza sunA kara apane sthAna kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| unake dvArA nirmita "bhaktAmarastotra" Aja bhI jaina samAja meM bar3I hI zraddhA-bhakti ke sAtha ghara-ghara meM gAyA jAtA hai| ___ "bhayaharastotra" bhI prAcArya mAnatuMga kI racanA mAnI jAtI hai| cirakAla taka jainazAsana kA udyota kara apane suyogya ziSya guNAkara ko AcArya pada para niyukta kara saMlekhanApUrvaka Apa vIra ni0 saM0 758 meM svargastha hue| tapAgaccha paTTAvalI meM batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArya mAnatuMga ke pazcAta kramazaH (21) zrI vIrasUri, (22) zrI jayadevasUri, aura (23) devAnandasUri gaNAcArya hue| ina prAcAryoM kA vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa yahAM inakI nAmAvalI mAtra prastuta kI gaI hai| yugapradhAnAcArya prArya siMha ke kAla meM gupta rAjavaMza kA abhyudaya puNyabhUmi bhArata ko videzI zAsakoM kI dAsatA se unmukta karane kA jo dezavyApI abhiyAna bhArazivoM ne prArambha kiyA thA, usameM unhoMne ullekhanIya saphalatA prApta kara eka vizAla bhAratIya sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| bhArazivoM dvArA prArambha kiye gaye svAtantrya-saMgrAma ko vAkATaka rAjavaMza ne aura adhika vyApaka banAyA aura unake pazcAt gupta rAjavaMza ne use antima rUpa se sampanna kara aphagAnistAna, kAzmIra, nepAla, AsAma aura baMgAla se lekara samudraparyanta samasta dakSiNa-pazcimI pradezoM taka bhArata kI cappA-cappA bhUmi ko eka sudRr3ha zAsanasUtra meM bAMdhakara suvizAla gupta sAmrAjya kI saMsthApanA kii| sabhI itihAsakAroM evaM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne yaha abhimata vyakta kiyA hai ki gupta sAmrAjya ke samaya meM bhArata ne cahuMmukhI pragati kii| itihAsakAroM kA ' svayamudghaTite dvArayantre saMyamasaMyataH / sadAnucchakhala : zrImAnuccha khalavapurvabhau / / 141 // [prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 116] katipaya kathAkAroM dvArA yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki prAcArya mAnatuMga ko eka ke andara eka karake 44 koTariyoM meM alaga-alaga 44 tAle lagA kara banda kiyA gyaa| prAcArya mAnatuMga prAdinAthastotra ke eka-eka zloka kI racanA karate gaye praura koTariyoM ke tAle va dvAra kramazaH svataH hI khulate gaye / rAjA harSa kA samaya vIra nirvANa kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai| harSa kI mRtyu I0 san 648 meM huii| aisI sthiti meM prAcArya mAnatuMga harSa ke samakAlIna nahIM ho skte| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prabhAvaka caritrakAra ne yahA~ rAjA kA nAma ullekha karane meM skhalanA kI hai| -sampAdaka

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gupta rAjavaMza] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya siMha yugapra0 647 isa viSaya meM bhI mataikya hai ki gupta rAjavaMza kA prAdi saMsthApaka zrIgupta thaa| zrIgupta ke sattAkAla ko nizcita rUpa se nirNIta karane vAle prabhilekhAdi abhI taka bhArata meM upalabdha nahIM hue haiN| I0 san 672 meM i-tsiga nAmaka eka cInI yAtrI bhArata meM paayaa| usake bhArata yAtrA ke vivaraNa zrIgupta ke sattAkAla para thor3A prakAza DAlate haiN| i-tsiga ne apane bhArata-bhramaNa ke vivaraNa meM I0 san 660 meM likhA hai ki 500 varSa pUrva zrIgupta ne cInI tIrthayAtriyoM kI suvidhA ke liye mRgazikhAvana ke samIpa eka mandira kA nirmANa karavA usake vyayabhAra ko vahana karane ke liye 24 gA~va pradAna kiye| itsiga ne likhA hai ki mRgazikhAvana nAlandA se pUrva meM 50 sTega (anumAnataH 250 mIla) dUra, gaMgA nadI ke kinAre para sthita hai| nAlandA ko itsiga ne mahAbodhi se uttara-pUrva meM 7 sTega (lagabhaga 35 mAila) dUrI para avasthita batAyA hai| ... . i-tsiga ke uparilikhita ullekhAnusAra magadharAja zrIgupta kA samaya I0 san 160 ke prAsapAsa kA aura usake rAjya kI sImA nAlandA se Adhunika murzidAbAda taka honA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai / zrIgupta ke sattAkAla ke sambandha meM prasiddha itihAsakAra rAdhAkumuda mukarjI kA abhimata hai ki gupta rAjavaMza ke sampUrNa zAsanakAla para gaharAI se vicAra karane para zrIgupta kA sattAkAla I0 san 160 ke sthAna para I0 san 240 se 280 taka kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| kyoMki zrIgupta ke zAsanakAla se 500 varSa pazcAt janazruti ke AdhAra para eka videzI dvArA ullikhita samaya meM thor3A pharaka pAnA avazyambhAvI hai|' gupta mahArAjA kisa jAti athavA vaMza ke the - isa prazna kA samucita samAdhAna gupta samrAToM ke kisI bhI abhilekha se nahIM hotaa| pAkATaka mahArAjA rudrasena dvitIya kI mahArAnI prabhAvatI guptA (candragupta : dvitIya : vikramAditya kI putrI) ke pUnA ke tAmrapatrIya abhilekha meM gupta rAjAmoM kA 'dhAraNa' gotra batAyA gayA hai| guptavaMza ke prAdi saMsthApaka zrIgupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra ghaTotkaca magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA / itihAsajJoM dvArA isakA zAsanakAla vIra ni0 saM0 807 se 846 (I0 san 200-319) anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai para isake putra candragupta prathama dvArA bhaneka rAjyoM para vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 846 meM gupta saMvat pracalita kiye jAne kI aitihAsika ghaTanA ko dRSTi meM rakhane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 846 se kucha varSa pahale hI isakA dehAvasAna ho cukA thaa| samrAT candragupta (dvitIya) ke zAsanakAla meM zrI ghaTotkacagupta nAmaka vaizAlI kA zAsaka (mukti adhikArI) thaa| usake nAma ke mudrAlekha prApta hue haiN| * The Gupta Empire, by Radhakumud Mookerji, p. 11 vAkATaka nRpati divAkarasena aura dAmodara-pravarasena kI mAtA evaM abhimAvikA kA pUnA * kA tAjapatrAbhilekha /

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646 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [gupta rAjavaMza zrI ghaTotkacagupta vastutaH mahArAjA ghaTotkaca kA pazcAdvartI kumArAmAtya mAtra thA na ki gupta rAjAoM ke vaMzavRkSa kA mahArAjA / ' gupta nRpati ghaTotkaca ke sambandha meM usake nAmollekha ke atirikta aura koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| 21 (25) Arya skandila-vAcanAcArya vAcaka vaMza paramparA meM Arya skandila bar3e prabhAvaka aura pratibhAzAlI prAcArya ho gaye haiN| unhoMne ati viSama samaya meM zrutajJAna kI rakSA kara jo zAsana kI sevA kI hai, vaha sadA jaina-itihAsa meM svariNama akSaroM se likhI jAtI rhegii| himavanta sthivirAvalI ke anusAra prArya skandila kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : "mathurA ke brAhmaNa megharatha aura brAhmaNI rUpasenA ke yahAM ApakA janma huaa| garbhakAla meM mAtA ne candra kA svapna dekhA ataH putra kA nAma somaratha rakhA gayA / Apake mAtA-pitA prArambha se hI jaina dharmAvalambI the| eka bAra brahmadvIpaka AcArya siMha vihArakrama se mathurA pdhaare| unake dharmopadeza ko sunakara somaratha ne vairAgya bhAva se zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| guru ne dIkSA ke samaya ApakA nAma skandila rkhaa| muni skandila ne apane guru prArya brahmadvIpakasiMha kI sevA meM nirata rahate hue ekAdazAMgI evaM pUrvo kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| Arya siMha ne skandila ko suyogya evaM pratibhAzAlI samajhakara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyaa| tadanusAra prArya siMha ke svargagamana ke pazcAt prArya skandila ko saMgha dvArA vAcanAcArya pada para niyukta kiyA gyaa|" kalpa sthavirAvalI meM prArya saMDilla ko kAzyapa gotrIya prArya dharma kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| saMDilla aura skandila ko eka mAnakara kucha lekhakoM ne skaMdilAcArya ko kAzyapa gotrIya Arya siMha ke ziSya prArya dharma kA ziSya batAyA hai, jabaki nandIsUtra-sthavirAvalI meM ullikhita vAcaka prArya skandila revatInakSatra ke ziSya Arya brahmadvIpikasiMha ke antevAsI mAne gaye haiN| himavanta sthavirAvalI meM bhI yahI Arya brahmadvIpika siMha skandilAcArya ke guru mAne gaye haiN| inhIM brahmadvIpikasiMha ke madhumitra aura prArya skandila nAmaka do pramukha ziSya the| prAcArya paramparAgoM ko gaharAI se dekhane para pratIta hotA hai ki Arya siMha nAma ke aneka prAcArya hue haiN| pahale pAryavaja ke guru siMha girii| dUsare prArya dharma ke guru kAzyapagotrIya prArya siMha / inake guru kA nAma bhI prArya dharma batAyA gayA hai| tIsare revatI nakSatra ke ziSya pArya brahmadvIpika siMha / samAna nAma vAle ina tIna prAcAryoM meM vastutaH do prArya siMha Arya suhastI kI paramparA ke haiM, jabaki tIsare grAyaM brahmadvIpikasiMha revatI nakSatra ke zipya aura prArya mahAgiri kI 1 The Gapla Empire', Radhakumud Moukerji, p. 12.

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prAyaM skandila vAcanA0 ] sAmAnya pUrvaghara - kAla : zrArya skandila paramparA ke prAcArya mAne gaye haiM / himavanta sthAvarAvalI bhI isI bAta kI puSTi karatA hai / sambhava hai prArya samita dvArA pravartita brahmadvIpika zAkhA se bhinna ye koI tatpradezavartI sAdhu-samudAya ke pramukha sAdhu rahe hoN| paTTAvalI aura paramparA lekhaka svayaM bhI kitanI hI jagahoM para pUrNataH spaSTa nahIM ho pAye isaliye aneka sthAnoM para nAmasAmya ke kAraNa eka kA paricaya unhoMne dUsare ke sAtha jor3a diyA hai, jisase katipaya sthaloM para viparyAsa bhI spaSTataH dRSTigocara hotA hai / 646 skandilAcArya kA kAryakAla vIra ni0saM0 823 se 540 ke prAsa-pAsa kA prAyaH sarvasammata rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai para sthavirAvalIkAra ne vi0 saM0 153 me zrAcArya skandila dvArA mathurA meM sAdhu-samudAya ko ekatrita karane kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo sthavirAvalI meM uddhRta gandhahastI ke vivaraNakAla ko batAne vAlI gAthAoM se bhI bAdhita hotA hai / prAcArya gandhahastI ne skandilAcArya ke pranurodha se vikrama saM0 200 meM AcArAMga kA vivaraNa pUrNa kiyA, isa prakAra kA ullekha himavanta sthavirAvalI meM uddhata gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai| saMbhava hai lipidoSa athavA dRSTidoSa 'vikramArkasya trizatAdhika tripaMcAzata saMvatsare' isa pada ko - vikramArkasyaikazatAdhika tripaMcAzata saMvatsare - ' samajha liyA gayA ho| isa sambandha meM prAcInatama prati se nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra Arya skandila kA kAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 823 ke pazcAt kA mAnane para hI prAge ke ghaTanAkrama hat fnarvirodha saMgati baiTha sakatI hai| merutuMga kI vicArazreNI meM bhI Arya skandila kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 823 hI diyA huA hai / meruturaMga ne spaSTa likhA hai ki vikrama se 114 varSa pazcAt zrArya vajrasvAmI hue aura prArya va svAmI se 236 varSa pazcAt zrArya skandila hue|' vIra nirvAraNa se 470 varSa pazcAt vikrama saMvat calA aura usase 353 varSa pazcAt Arya skandila hue| isa prakAra Arya skandila kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 823 ThIka baiThatA hai / yaha samaya bar3A hI viSama samaya thA / eka ora saurASTra meM bauddhoM aura jainoM ke bIca saMgharSa cala rahA thA to dUsarI ora madhya bhArata meM hUraNoM ke sAtha guptoM kA bhayaMkara yuddha cala rahA thaa| usI viSama samaya meM 12 varSa kA bhISaNa duSkAla par3A aura usa dIrghakAlIna duSkAla ne bhayaMkara saMgharSoM se pUrNa usa saMkrAntikAla kI vibhISikA ko aura adhika bar3hA diyaa| isa prakAra ke saMkaTapUrNa samaya meM jaina muniyoM aura vizeSataH zrutadharoM kI saMkhyA ghaTate ghaTate prati nyUnaM raha gaI / phalataH Agama-viccheda kI sthiti A cukI thii| isa prakAra ke ati vikaTa samaya meM subhikSa hone para vI0 ni0 saM0 830 se 840 ke madhyavartI kisI samaya meM skandila sUri ne uttara-bhArata ke muniyoM ko mathurA meM ekatrita kara Agama 1 yataH zrI vikramAt 114 varServacasvAmI, tadanu 236 varSe: skandila:.. 1 [merutuMgIyA vicArazreNI ]

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650 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM skaMdila vAcanA 0 vAcanA kI / jaisA ki eka prAcIna gAthA meM kahA gayA hai :- "durbhikSa ke samApta hone para prArya skandilasUri ne zramaraNasaMgha ko mathurA meM ekatrita kara anuyoga prArambha kiyA / " " Arya skandila ke tatvAvadhAna meM AgamoM kI vAMcanA huI aura anuyoga vyavasthita kiyA gayA, jo Aja bhI saMgha meM pracalita hai| isa tathya kI puSTi ke lie prabala pramANa ke rUpa meM nandI - sthavirAvalo kI nimnalikhita gAthA paryApta hai : simima progo payarai ajjAvi zraDThabharahammi / bahunayaraniggayajase, te vaMde khaMdilAyarie ||33|| arthAt jinake dvArA saMgaThita suvyavasthita anuyoga ( prAgamapATha) bhAja bhI bharatakSetra meM pracalita hai, una mahAna yazasvI Arya skandila ko praNAma karatA hai / isa gAthA kI TIkA karate hue malayagiri ne likhA hai "skandilAcArya ke samaya meM duSSamAkAla ke prabhAva se bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa pdd'aa| usa bhayaMkara durbhikSa ke samaya meM sAdhuoM ko prahAra kI prApti durlabha ho gii| isase pUrva sUtrArtha - graharaNa evaM paThita kA parAvartana prAyaH naSTa ho cukA thA / bahuta sA pratizayayukta zruta bhI isa kAla meM vinaSTa ho gayA tathA parAvartana na ho sakane ke kAraNa aMga - upAMgagata zruta bhI pUrNa rUpa meM nahIM rahA / jaba bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa samApta hone para subhikSa huA to mathurA meM skandilAcArya kI pramukhatA meM zramaraNasaMgha ne ekatra milakara Agama-vAcanA prArambha kI / jisa-jisa sthavira ko jo-jo zrutapATha smaraNa thA, use suna-suna kara zrAgamoM ke pATha ko skandilAcArya ne sarvAnumati se sunizcita kiyA / isa prakAra kAlikazruta aura pUrvagata ko samyag anusandhAna ke pazcAt suvyavasthita kiyA gayA / mathurA meM yaha saMghaTanA huI isalie isako mAthurI vAcanA kahate haiM aura yaha usa samaya ke yugapradhAna skandilAcArya ko mAnya thI evaM artharUpa se unhoMne hI ziSyoM ko usakA anuyoga diyA thA isalie vaha skandilAcArya kA anuyoga kahalAtA hai / dUsare prAcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki durbhikSa se kucha bhI zruta naSTa nahIM huA " "kevala anuyoga karane vAle sabhI pramukha prAcArya durbhikSa ke samaya meM kAla ke grAsa bana cuke the / kevala eka skandilAcArya 1 dubhikkhammi paTTe, puraNaravi milina samaraNasaMghAzro / fuge go, pavaIyo khaMdilo sUri / / [paTTAvalI samuccaya, pariziSTa ]

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pArya skaMdila-vAcanA*] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM skandila 651 hI bace raha gaye the ataH unhoMne dubhikSa ke anta meM mathurA meM punaH anuyoga (sAdhuoM ko sUtrArtha kA adhyApana) prArambha kiyaa|' kahA jAtA hai ki 12 varSIya dRSkAla meM bhikSA na milane ke kAraNa kitane hI jaina muni vaibhAraparvata tathA kumAragiri para anazana kara svargavAsI ho gye| duSkAla ke pazcAt jaba Arya skandila ne mathurA meM jaina muniyoM kI mahatI sabhA prAyojita kI to usa samaya sthavira madhumitrAcArya aura Arya gandhahastI pramukha 125 nigraMtha usameM upasthita the| una nigraMthoM ke smRtipaTala para aMkita avaziSTa kaNThasya pAThoM ko milA kara prAcArya gandhahastI Adi kI sammati se prArya skaMdila ne 11 agoM kA saMkalana kiyA / ve hI sUtra mAthurI vAcanA ke nAma se prasiddha hue| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki mathurA nivAsI prosa vaMzIya zrAvaka polAka ne gandhahastI ke vivaraNa sahita una sUtroM ko tAr3apatrAdi para likhA kara muniyoM ko pradAna kiyaa| jisa samaya mathurA meM prAcArya skandila ke netRtva meM Agama-vAcanA huI, lagabhaga usI samaya meM dakSiNa ke zramaNoM ko ekatrita kara prAcArya nAgArjuna ne bhI vallabhI meM eka bhAgama-vAcanA kii| isa prakAra ke ullekha 'kahAvalI', 'yogazAstra prakAza' mora 'jyotiSakaraNDaka' Adi meM upalabdha hote haiM / dubhikSa kI samApti ke pazcAt mathurA aura vallabhI meM huI donoM AgamavAcanAmoM kA ullekha karate hue bhadrezvarasUri ne apane grantha 'kahAvalI' meM likhA hai ki mathurA meM vizAla AgamajJAna ke dhanI skandila nAma ke prAcArya aura vallabhI meM nAgArjuna nAmaka prAcArya the| duSkAla ke samaya meM una mahAn virakta AcAryoM ne sAdhunoM ko dUra-dUra ke dezoM meM bheja diyaa| usa saMkaTakAla ko kisI na kisI 'prayAyamanuyogodhabhArate vyApriyamANaH kathaM teSAM skandilanAmnAmAcAryANAM sambandhI ? ucyate, iha skandilAcAyaMpratipatto... ... ..'dvAdazavArSika dubhikSamudapAdi tatra cavaM ye mahati dumime bhikSAlAbhasyAsaMbhavAdavasIdatAM sAdhUnAmapUrvArthagrahaNapUrvArthAnusmaraNazrutaparAvartanAni mUlata evApajagmuH / zrutamapi cAtizAyiprabhUtamanezat / aMgopAMgAdigatamapi bhAvato vipraNaSTam / tatparAvartanAderabhAvAt, tato dvAdazavarSAnantaramutpanne subhikSe mayurApuri skandilAcAryapramukhazramaNasaMdhenaMkatra militvA yo yat smarati sa kathayatItyevaM kAlikazrutaM pUrvazrutaM ca kiMcidanusaMdhAya ghaTitaM, yatazcatanmapurApuri saMghaTitaM iyaM vAcanA "mApurI"tyabhidhIyate, sA ca tatkAlayugapradhAnAnAM skandilAcAryANAmabhimatA tareva cArthataH ziSya. buddhi prApiteti tadanuyogaH teSAmAcAryANAM sambandhIti vyapadizyate / prapare punarevamAhuH na kimapi zrutaM dubhibhavAdanezat, kintu tAvadeva tatkAle tamanuvartate sma / kevalamamye praSAnA ye'nuyogadharAH te sarve'pi dubhikSakAlakavalIkRtAH, eka eva skaMdilasUrayo vidyante sma / tatastairdubhikSApagame mayurApuri punaranuyogaH pravartita iti vAcanA mAthurIti vyapavimyate, anupogAca teSAmAcAryANAmiti / " [nandIsUtra, malayagiri vRtti, patra 51 (2) madhurAnivAsinA zramaNopAsakavareNa mosavaMzavibhUSaNena polAkAbhidhena tatsakalamapi pravacana gaMdhahastikRtavivaraNopetaM tAlapatrAdiSu lekhayitvA bhikSa myaH svAdhyAyArtha samarpitam / [himavanta sthavirAvalI]

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652 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [mAmaM skaMbima-vAcatA. prakAra bitAkara sukAla hone para ve sAdhu punaH mile / svAdhyAya karate samaya unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki jo kucha unhoMne pahale adhyayana kiyA thA, vaha AgamajAna aneka sthaloM kI vismRti ke kAraNa khaMDita ho gayA hai| kahIM zrutajJAna kniSTa na ho jAya, isa vicAra se una donoM prAcAryoM ne AgamoM kA uddhAra karanA prArambha kiyaa| jo pUrI taraha smaraNa thA, usako usI prakAra rakha liyA gayA aura jo-jo sthala vismRti ke kAraNa naSTa ho cuke the, unako pUrvApara sambandha se sUtroM ke anusAra punaH susaMgaThita kiyA gyaa|' vAcanAbheda kA kAraNa batAte hue kahAvalIkAra ne likhA hai ki - 'madurA aura vallabhI meM pRthak-pRthak huI Agama-vAcanAmoM meM prAgamoM kA uddhAra karane ke pazcAt Arya skandila aura Arya nAgArjuna mila nahIM ske| unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| isaliye unake dvArA uddharita siddhAntoM meM samAnatA hone para bhI kahIMkahIM para jo vAcanAbheda raha gayA thA, vaha vaisA hI banA rhaa| pApabhIrU pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM ne use nahIM bdlaa| phalasvarUpa vivaraNakAroM ne bhI 'nAgArjunIyAH punaH evaM kathayanti' isa prakAra ke ullekha se vAcanAbheda sUcita kiyaa| yogazAstra kI vRtti meM bhI uparokta donoM vAcanAmoM kA ullekha karate hue vattikAra ne likhA hai ki nAgArjuna aura skandilAcArya ne duSSamAkAla ke prabhAva se jinavacana ko naSTaprAya samajhakara pustakoM meM likhaa|' ___ isI prakAra jyotiSakaraNDaka kI TIkA meM bhI mathurA aura vallabhI meM huI vAcanAoM tathA una donoM vAcanAmoM meM paraspara vAcanA-bheda hone kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vismRta sUtra evaM artha ko yAda karake vyavasthita karane meM vAcanAbheda ho jAnA avazyambhAvI hai| 'asthi maharAurIe suyasamiddho, khandilo nAma sUri taha valahInayarIe nAgajjuNo nAma sUri / tehiM ya jAe varisIe dukkAle nivau bhAvamo vi phuTTikAUraNa pesiyA disodisi sAhavo gamiuM ca kahavi dutthaM te puNo miliyA sugAle, jAva sajjhAyaMti tAva khaMDukhurUDIhUyaM puSvAhiyaM / tamo mA sUyavicchittI hoitti pAraddho sUrIhiM siddhntuddhaaro| tatthavi jana vIsariyaM taM taheva saMThaviyaM pamhuvaTThANe uNa punvAvarAuta sutatthANusAramo kayA sNghddnnaa| [kahAvalI, 268 (maprakAzita)] 2 paropparAsaMpannamelAvA ya tassamayAno khaMDilanAgajjuNAyariyA kAlaM kAuM devalogaM gayA teNa tullayAe vi taduriyasiddhatANaM jo saMjApro kathamavi vAyaNabhepro soya na cAlimo pacchimehi / tamo vivaraNakArehi vi "nAgajjuraNIyA uNa evaM par3hatI" ti samulligiyA tahevAyArAisu / - [vahI] 3 jinavacanaM ca duHSamAkAlavazAducchinnaprAyamiti matvA bhagavadbhirnAgArjunaskandilAcAryaprabhRtibhiH pustakeSu nyastam / [yogazAstra, prakAza 3, patra 207] 4 iha hi skaMdilAcAryapravRttI duSSamAnubhAvato dubhikSapravRtyA sAdhUnAM paThanaguNanAdika sarvamapyanezat / tato dubhikSAtikrame subhikSapravRttI dvayoH saMghayormelApako'bhavat / tathA eko valabhyAmeko mathurAyAm / tatra ca sUtrArthasaMghaTane parasparavAcanAbhedo jAtaH vismRtayohi sUtrArthayoH smRtvA saMghaTane bhavatyavazyaM vAcanAbhedaH na kAcidanupapattiH / " . [jyotiSakaraNDaka TIkA].

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653 mAya skaMdila-vAcanA*] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : pAyaM skandila AgamajJAna ko naSTa hone se bacAkara prArya skandila ne jina-zAsana kI amUlya sevA ke sAtha-sAtha mumukSoM, tattvajijJAsumoM evaM sAdhakoM kA jo asIma upakAra kiyA hai, usake liye jina-zAsana meM pragAr3ha zraddhA ke sAtha unakA smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| prAgamavAcanA kI samApti ke pazcAt kitane varSa taka Arya skandila prAcArya pada para rahe, yaha sunizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kevala anumAnita kAlaM hI batAyA jA sakatA hai| sambhava hai mApa vIra ni0 saM0 840 ke prAsapAsa kisI samaya meM svargAdhikArI hue hoN| Apane antima samaya meM anazana evaM samAdhipUrvaka madhurA nagarI meM prANotsarga kiyaa| prAcArya skandila aura nAgArjuna bhAgamavAcanAoM ke pazcAt paraspara mila nahIM sake, isI kAraNa donoM vAcanAoM meM rahe hue pATha-bhedoM kA nirNaya athavA samanvaya nahIM ho skaa| 22 (26) dimavanta kSamAzramaNa-vAcanAcArya prAya skandila ke pazcAt Arya himavAn vAcanAcArya hue| Apake janma, dIkSA prAdi kA spaSTa kAla-nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kevala naMdIsUtrastha sthavirAklI se prApakA thor3A sA paricaya prApta hotA hai| naMdI-sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya devadi ne prAya himavanta kI stuti karate hue kahA hai :- . tato himavaMtamahantavikkame dhiiparakkamamaNaMte / sajmAyamaNaMtadhare, himavante vaMdimo sirasA // 33 // kAliprasuyapraNuprogassa, dhArae dhArae ya puvvANaM / himavaMtakhamAsamaNe, vaMde NAgajjuNAyarie // 34 // sthavirAvalIkAra prArya devavAcaka ne Arya himavanta ke vikrama kI himAlaya parvata se tulanA kI hai| isakA abhiprAya spaSTa karate hue riNakAra ne batAyA hai :"jinakA yaza uttara meM himavAn parvata va zeSa dizAoM meM samudra taka phailA huA hai aura jo viziSTa sAmarthyayukta, kula, gaNa evaM saMgha ke hita meM prativAdiyoM para vijaya prApta karane evaM viziSTa labdhisampanna hone ke kAraNa mahAn parAkramazAlI tathA parISaha-upasarga-sahana evaM tapavizeSa meM bhI dhRti-bala se mahAna the, una mahAna mAcArya himavaMta ko praNAma karatA hU~ / jaisA ki kahA hai : "mahaMta vikkamo kahaM- ucyate sAmarthyato mahante vi kUlagaraNa-saMgha poyaNe tarati ti-parappavAdijayaNa vA vizeSabalalabdhisaMpannataNato vA mahaMta vikkamo, mahavA parisahovasagge tavavisese vA ghitibaleNa parakkamaMto mhNto| aNaMta gama pAjavattarAto paratadharo taM mahaMta himavaMta sAmaM vaMde / ' 'mauli, pR0 10, gA0 33

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654 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [himavaMta kSamA0 vA. devaddhi dvArA praNIta uparokta gAthAnoM se yaha spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki himavaMta kSamAzramaNa kaI pUrvo ke jJAtA aura samartha vyAkhyAtA-vAcanAcArya the| unhoMne dUra-dUra ke kSetroM meM vicaraNa kara jaina dharma kA ullekhanIya pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA thaa| pracArakSetroM meM Ane vAle kaSToM ko bhI unhoMne bar3e dhairya ke sAtha sahana kiyaa| naMdIsUtra-sthavirAvalI ke anusAra prAcArya himavAn (himavanta) skandilAcArya ke ziSya mAne gaye haiN| Apake janma, dIkSA, prAcAryakAla evaM svargagamana viSayaka spaSTa ullekha ke nahIM hote hue bhI itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki Apa vIra ko nauvIM zatAbdI ke madhyavartI kAla ke prAcArya hone caahie| 23 (27) prAcArya nAgArjunaH vAcanAcArya himavanta kSamAzramaNa ke pazcAt Arya nAgArjana vAcanAcArya he| kahA jAtA hai ki nAgArjuna DhaMka nagara ke kSatriya saMgrAmasiMha ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma suvratA thA / nAgArjuna ke garbha meM Ate hI mAtA ne svapna meM sahasra phana vAlA nAga dekhA, isaliye bAlaka kA nAma nAgArjuna rakhA gyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki nAgArjuna ne bAlyAvasthA meM hI eka siMha ko mAra girAyA aura prArambha se hI prabala sAhasI hone ke kAraNa parvatoM kI guphAoM evaM jaMgaloM meM ghUma-ghUma kara vanavAsI mahAtmAoM ke saMsarga se vanaspatiyoM, jar3iyoM aura rasAyanoM dvArA rasa banAnA sIkha liyaa| usane bacapana se hI pAdaliptasUri ke adbhuta camatkAroM kI bAta suna rakhI thI ataH eka dina prAcArya pAdaliptasUri ke pAsa unake kisI ziSya ke mAdhyama se usane eka rasakUpikA phuNcaaii| prAcArya ne rasakUpikA meM bhare rasa ko eka patthara para uMDela diyA aura usameM apanA prasravaNa bhara use nAgArjuna ke pAsa lauTA kara kahalA bhejA ki vaha apanI rasakUpikA samhAla le / nAgArjuna ne bhI usa rasakUpikA ko patthara para de mArA / kUpikA ko patthara para pachAr3ate hI patthara meM agni pradIpta ho uThI aura vaha patthara tatkAla svarNa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyaa| yaha dekha kara nAgArjuna daMga raha gayA aura pAdaliptasUri ke pAsa jAkara unake caraNoM meM gira gyaa| usI dina se nAgArjuna prAcArya pAdalipta kA parama bhakta bana kara unake pAsa rahane lagA / nAgArjuna itanA pratibhAvAn thA ki vaha pAdaliptasUri ke pairoM ke lepa ko saMgha-saMgha kara 160 vanaspatiyoM ke guNa-dharma Adi se paricita ho gyaa| lepa dvArA vaha svayaM gagana-vicaraNa kI prakriyA ko mUrta rUpa dene lgaa| para eka vastu kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa vaha kucha dUra taka AkAza meM gamana karane ke pazcAt pRthvI para gira pdd'taa| yaha jAna kara prAcArya ne usakI sUkSma bauddhika pragalbhatA se prasanna ho kara kahA - "vatsa ! tumhArA auSadhavijJAna nissaMdeha gaveSagApUrNa hai para isameM kucha gurugamya jJAna kI nyUnatA raha gaI hai|"

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nAgArjuna vAcanA0 ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : prAcArya nAgArjuna 655 prAcArya ne mArga-darzana karate hue kahA - " isa prauSadhi ko cAvala ke dhovana praura kAMjI meM ghisa kara lepa kiyA jAya to gagana meM saralatA se gamana kiyA jA sakatA hai / " tadanantara AcArya ne use yaha bhI zikSA dI ki vaha sadA bhautika vibhUtiyoM ke pralobhanoM se dUra raha kara prantarmana se vItarAga mArga kA zrArAdhana karatA rahe, isI meM usakI zrAtmA kA saccA kalyANa nihita haiM / uparokta ullekha meM, nAgArjuna ne pAdalipta se vidyA graharaNa kI, yaha to batAyA gayA hai, para usane kaba aura kisake pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki prA0 pAdalipta kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 567 se pUrva kA hai| naMdIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya himavanta ke pazcAt nAgArjuna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra cUriMgakAra jinadAsa dvArA naMdI cUriMga meM prora himavanta sthavirAvalI ke aMta meM spaSTa rUpa se prApako himavanta kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai / prAcArya devaddha ne nandI sthavirAvalI meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM ApakI stuti kI hai : miumaddava saMpanne, zrAraNupuvvivAyagattaNaM patte / mohasuyasamAyAre, nAgajjuragavAyae ( gaM ) vaMde ||36|| arthAt - jo saralatA zrAdi manojJa guraNoM se saMpanna haiM aura jinhoMne kramaza: yogyatA kA vikAsa karate hue vAcaka pada kI prApti kI, una prodhazruta zrarthAt vidhimArga kI samAcararaNA karane vAle vAcaka nAgArjuna ko vandana karatA hU~ / gAthA meM prayukta 'prAgupuvvi' pada vastutaH viziSTa rUpa se vicAraNIya hai, jo anukrama se vAcaka pada kI prApti batAtA hai| yahAM anukrama zabda se zrutagrahaNa kA krama- paura laghuvRddha kI apekSA batAI gaI hai / cUrNikAra ne bho isI artha ko mAnya kiyA hai / " prAnupUrvI se vAcaka pada prApta karane kI bAta kA abhiprAya tatkAlIna prAcArya paramparA ke krama ko dekhane se jAnA jA sakatA hai / itihAsa ke prApta ullekhAnusAra prArya skandila, zrArya himavAn aura zrArya nAgArjuna samakAlIna mora vAcanAcArya mAne gaye haiM / nandI sthavirAvalI meM nAgArjuna ko himavanta kSamAzramaraNa kA pazcAdvartI AcArya batAyA gayA hai, jaba ki yugapradhAna paTTAvalI zrora duSSamAkAla zramaraNasaMghastotra meM nAgArjuna ko prArya siMha ke pazcAt yugapradhAna mAnA gayA hai / nirdiSTa kAla zrIra krama ko dhyAna meM rakha kara vicArane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 826 meM yugapradhAna prArya siMha ke svargavAsa kAla meM prArya skandila ko viziSTa pratibhA sampanna aura bar3A mAna kara vAcaka pada pradAna kiyA gayA aura usI samaya yuvA muni nAgArjuna yugapradhAnAcArya niyukta kiye gaye / "dhAraNupuvi" - sAmAiprAdi sutaggahaNeNaM kAlato ya purima pariyAyattaNeNa purisAraNupuvvito ya vAyagataraNaM patto / [ naMdI cUriMga (puNya vijayajI) pR0 10 gA0 35 ]

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656 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhApa [mAgArjuna vAcanamA phira vIra saM0 840 ke lagabhaga vAcanAcArya Arya skandila ke svargastha hote hI jyeSTha muni himavAn ko vAcanAcArya niyukta kiyA aura himavAn ke svarga gamanAnantara anya vAcanAcArya ke abhAva meM nAgArjuna ko hI yugapradhAnAcArya ke kAryabhAra ke sAtha vAcanAcArya kA pada bhI samhalA diyA gyaa| aisA mAnane para Arya skandila Arya himavAn aura nAgArjuna ke samakAlIna aura vAcanAcArya hone kI samasyA sahaja hI hala ho sakatI hai| . nandI sUtra ke cUrNikAra jinadAsa me bhI anukrama se vAcaka pada prApta karane kA yahI artha - 'purisAraNapugvino' pada se mAnya kiyA hai| jaisA ki unhoMne kahA hai - "sAmAyika Adi zrutagrahaNa se tathA kAla kI apekSA pUrvakAlIna dIkSAparyAya prora puruSAnukrama se nAgArjuna ne vAcaka pada prApta kiyaa|" cUriNakAra ke isa vivecana se hamAre anumAna kI spaSTataH puSTi ho jAtI hai| Arya skaMdila ke prakaraNa meM batAyA gayA hai ki jaba mathurA meM prArya skaMdila ne Agama-vAcanA kI, usa samaya nAgArjuna ne bhI dakSiNApatha ke zramamA saMgha ko ekatra kara vallabhI meM vAcanA kii| nAgArjuna dvArA prAnupUrvI se vAcakapada prApta karane kI bAta ko mAnane para isakI saMgati bhI barAbara baiTha sakatI hai / - kucha lekhakoM ne nAgArjuna ko yogaratnAvalI, yogaratnamAlA aura anekAkSarI prAdi granthoM kA racanAkAra mAnA hai| ye donoM nAgArjuna eka haiM yA bhinna-bhinna, yaha kahanA sarala nahIM / vizeSajJa isa para anusandhAna kareM, yaha apekSita hai| yugapradhAna-yantra ke anusAra yugapradhAnAcArya nAgArjuna ke jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA kAlakrama isa prakAra hai : "nAgArjuna kA vIra ni0 saM0 793 meM janma, 14 varSa kI avasthA arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 807 meM dIkSA, 16 varSa taka sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 826 meM yugapradhAnapada aura 75 varSa taka prAcArya pada se jinazAsana kI sevA karane ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 604 meM 111 varSa kI avasthA meM svargavAsa / prArya skrandila evaM nAgArjuna ke samaya ke rAjavaMza prArya nAgArjuna ke yugapradhAnatvakAla meM guptavaMza ke mahArAjA ghaTotkaca kA vIra ni0 saM0 846 taka zAsana rahA / usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake putra candragupta prathama ne gupta vaMza ke rAjya kA vistAra kiyaa| candragupta prathama ghaTotkaca kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra candragupta (pathama) magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para grAmIna huaaa| itihAsavidoM kA anumAna hai ki candragupta prathama kA zAsanakAla I0 sana :16 me 335, tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 846 se 862 taka rhaa| itihAsa ke labdhapratiSTha pAzcAtya vidvAn phlITa ne candragupta dvArA

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candragupta prathama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya nAgArjuna 657 pracalita kiye gaye gupta saMvat, nepAla ke licchavI rAjA jayadeva (prathama) ke sAtha candragupta (prathama) ke ghaniSTha sambandha, vallabhI saMvat tathA zaka saMvat prAdi ke sandarbha meM gahana vicAra karane ke pazcAt yaha siddha kiyA hai ki I0 san 316 se 320 meM candragupta (prathama) ne mahArAjAdhirAja kA viruda dhAraNa kara gupta samvat claayaa| aigI sthiti meM sahaja hI yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki 'mahArAjAdhirAja' kI padavI dhAraNa karane se pahale candragupta ko rAjA banane ke pazcAt mahArAjAdhirAja kA pada dhAraNa karane ke liye magadha ke ar3osa-par3osa ke rAjyoM para apanA Adhipatya sthApita karane meM kama se kama cAra-pAMca varSa kA samaya to avazya hI lagA hogaa| eka rAjA siMhAsana para AsIna hote hI tatkAla mahArAjAdhirAja kA viruda dhAraNa karane yogya vizAla bhUbhAga ko kucha hI mAsa meM apane adhikAra meM kara le - yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| ina tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt candragupta ke rAjyAsIna hone kA samaya I0 san .316-20 se kucha varSa pUrva anumAnita karanA hI yuktisaMgata hogaa| yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki licchavI rAjakumArI kumAra devI ke sAtha vivAha ke pazcAt candragupta prathama licchaviyoM kI sahAyatA se mahArAjAdhirAja banA / candragupta prathama ke putra samrATa samudragupta ne apane abhilekhoM meM guptaputra ke sthAna para apane Apako 'licchavI dauhitra' likhA hai| itihAsamoM ne samudragupta ke rAjyasiMhAsanAsIna hone kA samaya I0 san 335 anumAnita kiyA hai| smRtigranthoM meM 25 varSa kI vaya rAjA banane ke yogya vaya mAnI gayI hai| aisI sthiti meM anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki san 308 ke AsapAsa candragupta prathama kA licchavI rAjakumArI kumAradevI ke sAtha pAriNagrahaNa aura I0 san 310 / ke lagabhaga kumAradevI kI kukSi se samudragupta kA janma huA hogaa| ina saba ghaTanAoM para vicAra karane se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki I0 san 310 se 315 ke madhya- vartI kisI samaya meM candragupta prathama kA rAjyAbhiSeka huprA athavA usane yuvarAja kAla meM hI apane pitA ke rAjya kA vistAra karanA prArambha kara diyA hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM magadha ke AsapAsa licchaviyoM ke zaktizAlI gaNatantroM ke ullekha milate haiN| nepAla ke licchavI rAjA jayadeva dvitIya ke abhilekha meM bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki usake pUrvaja supuSpa kA janma (IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI meM) pATaliputra meM huA thaa| aimA pratIta hotA hai ki kuSAraNoM ke sAmrAjya vistAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa licchaviyoM kI zakti kSINa ho gaI aura inakA koI choTA-moTA rAjya hI pravaziSTa raha gayA ho| licchavI kSatriyoM kI rAjakumArI kumAradevI ke sAtha vivAha ke pazcAt candragupta prathama ne rAjya vistAra kiyA - isa aitihAsika tathya se yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki magadha aura magadha ke ar3osa-par3osa meM candragupta prathama ke samaya meM bhI licchavI kSatriyoM kI dhanI grAbAdI rahI hogii| [sampAdaka]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ candragupta prathama licchavI kSatriyoM ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha ke pazcAt licchaviyoM kI sahAyatA se candragupta ne rAjya vistAra kiyA / isa tathya kI puSTi ayodhyA, bardamAn aura gayA meM mile samrAT samudragupta ke una sikkoM se hotI hai, jina para dulhana ko aMgUThI bheMTa karate hue dUlhe kA citra, eka ora candragupta, dUsarI ora 'licchavaya. ' aura ' kumAra devI' aMkita hai / 658 candragupta prathama ne kina-kina rAjAoM evaM rAjyoM ko jItakara una para apanA Adhipatya sthApita kiyA, isa sambandha meM koI abhilekha athavA anya 'prakAra kI koI sAkSI upalabdha nahIM hotI / purANoM meM samuccaya rUpa se guptoM ke rAjya kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / vAyupurANa meM gaMgA ke nikaTavartI pradezoM, prayAga, sAketa aura magadha rAjya para gupta rAjAoM ke Adhipatya kA ullekha hai / ' isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki candragupta prathama kA uparokta rAjyoM para adhikAra rahA / itihAsajJoM ne zrIgupta ko gupta rAjavaMza kA aura candragupta prathama ko gupta sAmrAjya kA saMsthApaka mAnA hai| ilAhAbAda meM eka stambha abhilekha surakSita hai / isa stambha ke UparI bhAga para maurya samrAT azoka kA abhilekha aura usake nIce samudragupta kA abhilekha uTTaMkita hai| samudragupta ke isa stambha lekha meM uTTaM kita kucha paMktiyoM se aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki candragupta prathama ne apane kaniSTha putra samudragupta ko sarvAdhika suyogya samajhakara apanI rAjyasabhA ke samakSa use apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita karate hue kahA - "aba tuma isa pRthvI kI pratipAlanA karo / " isa stambha - abhilekha meM isa bAta kA bhI saMketa hai ki candragupta ke isa nirNaya ko sunakara usakI rAjyasabhA stambhita raha gaI aura samudragupta ke bhAiyoM ( tulyakulajAH) ke mukha pIle par3a gaye / stambhalekha meM khude - "ghamaNDa pazcAttApa meM palaTa gayA / " isa vAkya se pratIta hotA hai ki samudragupta ko rAjya siMhAsana para adhikAra karane meM gRhakalaha kA bhI sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| kAca ( kAcagupta ) dvArA pracalita ghaTiyA sone ke sikkoM se yaha anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki samudragupta ke bar3e bhAI kAca ne kucha samaya ke liye pATaliputra ke siMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyA thA jise thor3e samaya pazcAt hI samudragupta ne apadastha kara diyA / candragupta prathama kA isase adhika paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / , anugaGga prayAgaM ca, sAketaM magadhAMstathA / etAJjanapadAn sarvAn, bhokSyante guptavaMzajA // 383 // [ vAyupurANa, anuSaGgapAda, pra. CC ] 2 prArthI hItyupaguhya bhAvapizunaH rutkariNataM romabhiH, sabhyepUcchvamiteSu tulya kulajamlAnAnanodvIkSitaH / snehavyAkulitena vASpaguruNA tatvekSiNA cakSuSA, yaH pitrAbhihito nirIkSya nikhilAM pAhya vamurvImiti // 4 // // kA azoka evaM samudragupta kA stambhalekha, jo ilAhAbAda meM vidyamAna hai /

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sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : prArya nAgArjuna 656 Arya nAgArjuna ke samaya ke rAjavaMza gupta samrAT samudragupta parAkramAMka yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja candragupta (prathama) ne apane jIvana ke saMdhyAkAla meM apane kaniSTha putra samudragupta ko sarvataH suyogya samajhakara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyaa|' candragupta prathama kI mRtyu ke pazcAt gRhakalaha kA bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha damana kara vIra ni0 saM0 862 tadanusAra I0 san 335 meM samudragupta magadha ke rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna huA / vAmana ne apane 'kAvyAlaMkAra' nAmaka grantha meM candragupta ke putra kA nAma candraprakAza ullikhita kiyA hai| isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki saMbhavataH samudragupta kA dUsarA nAma candraprakAza ho aura samudra taka apane rAjya kA vistAra karane ke pazcAta apane rAjya kI sImAoM ke samudra dvArA surakSita hone ke artha ko dyotita karane ke liye usane apanA nAma 'samudragupta' rakhA ho| ____ ilAhAbAda ke stambhalekha meM samudragupta dvArA digvijaya meM vijita rAjAmoM, unake rAjyoM, gaNarAjyoM evaM tatkAlIna aneka ghaTanAmoM kA ullekha hai| kauzAmbI meM jisa stambha para azoka ne apanA abhilekha utkIrNa karavAyA, usI stambha para nIce kI ora samudragupta kA yaha abhilekha usake sAMdhivigrahika kavi hariSeNa ne sundara gadyapadyamayI saMskRta bhASA meM aMkita krvaayaa| sAMdhivigrahika pada ke sAtha sAtha hariSeNa kumArAmAtya aura mahAdaNDanAyaka ke padoM para bhI kArya karatA thaa|' aitihAsika dRSTi se ilAhAbAda kA yaha stambhalekha bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa abhilekha hai| isase bhArata kI tAtkAlika bhaugolika evaM rAjanaitika sthiti ke sAtha-sAtha usa samaya ke rAjAoM, rAjyoM kI sImAoM, gaNarAjyoM Adi kA vizada paricaya milatA hai| isa stambhalekha kA Aja ke zodhayuga kI dRSTi se sabase bar3A doSa yaha hai ki isameM aMkita ghaTanAcakra kI eka bhI tithi kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| yadi isameM samudragupta ke vijayollekhoM ke sAtha sAtha tithiyAM bhI umra kita kI jAtI to yaha stambhalekha aitihAsika dRSTi se sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hotA aura isase ulajhI huI aneka aitihAsika gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM bar3I sahAyatA miltii| isa kamI ke rahate hue bhI isa stambhalekha kA bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahattva hai| 1 Rddhapura ke zilAlekha meM utkIrNa- "tatpAdaparigRhIta" pada se bhI ilAhAbAda ke staMbhalekha meM uTTa kita isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki candragupta prathama ne apane bar3e putroM se samudragupta ko adhika suyogya samajhakara use apanA utarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyaa| [sampAdaka] 2 etacca kAvyameSAmeva bhaTTAraka padAnAM dAsasya ... mahAdaNDanAyakadhra vabhUtiputrasya sAdhivigrahikakumArAmAtyamahAdaNDanAyaka hariSeNasya sarvabhUtahitAyAstu / [azoka stambha ke adhobhAga para aMkita samudragupta kA ___ ilAhAbAda sthita stambhalekha]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ samudragupta mahAdaNDanAyaka, kumArAmAtya aura sAMdhivigrahika padoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle zramAtya kavi hariSeNa dvArA uTTaM kita karavAye gaye ilAhAbAda sthita kauzAmbI ke uparokta stambhalekha meM samudragupta ke tIna vijayAbhiyAnoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / isa prabhilekha meM samudragupta dvArA kiye gaye azvamedha yajJa kA vivaraNa nahIM diyA gayA hai ataH yaha pramANita hotA hai ki azvamedha ke prAyojana se pUrva hI yaha stambha lekha utkIrNa karavAyA gayA / 660 prathama vijaya abhiyAna samudragupta dvArA AryAvarta meM kiye gaye usake sarvaprathama vijaya abhiyAna kA vivaraNa dete hue isa stambhalekha meM batAyA gayA hai ki isa sainika abhiyAna meM samudragupta ne katipaya rAjyoM ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkA / jina rAjyoM kA samudragupta dvArA unmUlana kiyA gayA, unameM ahicchatra ke rAjA acyuta aura padmAvatI ke nAgavaMzI rAjA nAgasena ke rAjya pramukha the / ' dvitIya vijaya abhiyAna apane dUsare vijaya abhiyAna meM samudragupta apanI suvizAla evaM sazakta vijayavAhinI ke sAtha dakSiNApatha kI vijaya ke liye prasthita huA / isa sainika abhiyAna meM samudragupta ne kramazaH nimnalikhita rAjyoM ko jIta kara apane sAmrAjya ke adhInastha banAyA : kozala, vindhya ke ghane jaMgaloM se prAcchAdita durgama evaM bhayAvaha mahAkAntAra - jahAM vAkATakoM kA zaktizAlI sAmanta vyAghra rAjya karatA thA, kaurAla ( kolera jhIla evaM madhyapradeza ke vartamAna sonapura jile ke AsapAsa kA rAjya jahAM mantarAja kA zAsana thA ), viSTapura ( mahendragiri kA rAjya ), koTUrA ( vijagApaTTama athavA gaMjama jilA ), kAJcI ( jahAM kA rAjA viSNugopa thA ), avamukta (jahAM nIlarAja kA rAjya thA ), vegI ( hastivarmana kA rAjya ), palakka ( saMbhavataH vartamAna nellora jilA, jahAM ugrasena kA rAjya thA ), devarASTra (kaliMga prAntavartI rAjya, jahAM usa samaya kubera nAmaka rAjA kA rAjya thA ) aura kuzthalapura ( kuzasthalI nadI kA nikaTavartI rAjya, jahAM usa samaya dhanaMjaya nAmaka rAjA kA rAjya thA ) / ' dakSiNApatha ke uparokta vijaya abhiyAna kA ullekha karate hue hariSeNa ne ilAhAbAda sthita uparicarcita stambhalekha meM yaha bhI batAyA hai ki samudragupta ne 1 - 1 udveloditavAhuvIrya rabhasAdekena yena kSaraNA dunmUlyAcyutanAgasena / [ ilAhAbAda stambhalekha ] tasya vividha samarazatAvata raraNdakSasya svabhujabalaparAkramaM kabandho, parAkramAMkasya parazuzarazaMkuzaktiprAsAsitomara bhindipAlanArAcavaitastikAdyanekapraharaNavirUDhA kulavraNazatAMkazobhAsamudayopacitakAntataravarSmaNaH kauzalaka - mahendra-mahAkAntAraka vyAghrarAja - kairala kamaNTarAjapura mahendragirakoTTa rakasvAmidattairaNDapalla kadamanakAMceyaka viSNugopAvamukta nIlarAjahastiva maMgalakograsena devarASTraka kuberakausthalapurakadhanaMjaya prabhRti sarvadakSiNApatharAjagrahaNa mokSAnugrahajanitapratAponmizramahAbhAgyasya / [ ilAhAbAda sthita azoka stambha ke adhobhAga para aMkita samudragupta kA lekha ]

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samudragupta sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya nAgArjuna dakSiNApatha ke abhiyAna meM aneka rAjAnoM ko bandI banAyA, aneka rAjAoM ko bandI banAkara punaH mukta kara diyA evaM aneka rAjAoM para kRpA kara unakA rAjya unheM loTA diyA / dakSiNa-vijaya ke phalasvarUpa samudragupta ke rAjya vistAra ke sAtha-sAtha usake pratApa aura koSabala kI bhI apUrva vRddhi huii| tRtIya vijaya abhiyAna - apane dvitIya vijaya abhiyAna dvArA dakSiNavijaya ke pazcAt magadha meM lauTane para samudragupta ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki usakA magadha rAjya vastutaH aise rAjAmoM se ghirA hanA hai, jinake hRdaya meM usakI zrI-abhivRddhi sadA zUla ke samAna cubhatI rahatI hai| yadi ve saba saMgaThita ho jAyaM to kisI bhI samaya usake zAsana ke liye saMkaTa ke bAdala bana sakate haiN| ___isa saMbhAvita saMkaTa ko sadA ke liye samApta kara DAlane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa liye usane AryAvarta meM dUsarI bAra sainika abhiyAna kiyaa| isa vijaya abhiyAna meM bhISaNa narasaMhAra huaa| lomaharSaka yuddha ke pazcAt samudragupta kA vijayazrI ne varaNa kiyA / rudradeva, matila, nAgadatta, candravarmA, gaNapati nAga, nAgasena, acyu. tanandI, balavarmA Adi AryAvarta ke rAjAoM kI pUrNa parAjaya hii|' - uparokta tIna vijayAbhiyAnoM meM samudragupta ne pazcimI zakoM ke atirikta bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI choTe-bar3e durdAnta rAjAoM ko yuddha meM parAsta kara eka sArvabhauma sattA sampanna suvizAla gupta sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| usake pracaNDa pratApa se abhibhUta ho samataTa (tAmralipti se pUrva kA samudra-taTavartI pradeza samatAta). DavAka (AsAma kA Daboka kSetra), kAmarUpa (prAsAma kA gohATI jilA), nepAla, kartapura Adi rAjyoM ke rAjAoM evaM mAlava, arjunAyana, yaudheya, mAdraka, AbhIra, prArjuna, sanakAnIka, kAka tathA kharaparikAdi gaNarAjyoM ne karapradAnAdi se samudragupta ko saMtuSTa kara usakI adhInatA svIkAra kii| kavi hariSeNa ne uparokta stambhalekha meM ukita karavAyA hai ki devaputra zAhi, zAhAnazAhi, zaka, muruNDa, grAdi videzI rAjA tathA siMhala Adi dvIpoM ke zAsaka samudragupta kI sevA meM Atmanivedana karate, apanI kanyAeM bheMTa meM dete tathA apane viSaya evaM bhukti ke liye samudragupta kI garuDAMkita rAjamudrA ke cinha se yukta AjJAeM mAMgate rahate the / ' rudradevamatilanAgadatacandravarmagaNapatinAganAgasena acyutanandi balavarmAnekAryAvarta rAjaprasabhoddharaNodvattaprabhAvamahataH, paricArakIkRtasaTivika rAjasya... [ilAhAbAda sthita hariSeNa kA stambhalekha] 2 samataTauvAkakAmarUpanepAlakanu purAdipratyantanapatibhi: mAlavA nAyanayaudheyamAdrakAbhIra prArjunasanakAnIkakAkakharaparikAdibhizca sarvakaradAnAjJAkaraNapraNAmAgamanaparitopita pracaNDazAsanasya.... / [vahI]] 3 devaputrazAhizAhAnuzAhi zaka muruNDaH sahalakAdibhizca sarvadvIpavAsibhirAtmanivedanakanyopAyanadAna gamatmadaMkasva viSayabhuktizAsamayAcanAdya pAyasevAkRta bAhuvIryaprasaradharaNibandhasya... [vahI]

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662 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa -dvitIya bhAga [samudragupta ilAhAbAda sthita uparicarcita stambhalekha se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki samudragupta yuddhoM meM sabase Age rahakara yuddha karane vAlA mahAn yoddhA,' kavi', saMgItajJa, dayAlu aura lokottara guNoM se sampanna thaa| yadyapi ilAhAbAda sthita uparokta stambhalekha meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai ki samudragupta ne koI azvamegha yajJa kiyA athavA nahIM, tathApi prabhAvatI guptA ke pUnA - dAnapatra, skandagupta ke abhilekha tathA samudragupta ke una azvamedhika sikkoM se, jina para eka pora yUpa ke sammukha azva kA citra, dUsarI ora mahArAnI kA citra kramazaH "azvamedha parAkramaH" aura "rAjAdhirAjaHpRthivImavitvA divaM jayati aprativAryavIryaH" - ina padoM ke sAtha aMkita haiM, yaha spaSTata: siddha hotA hai ki samudragupta ne azvamedha yajJa kiye the| samudragupta ne sudUravartI evaM sImAvartI rAjyoM ko vijita karane ke pazcAt punaH unheM parAjita rAjAoM ko lauTAkara unake sAtha jo udAratApUrNa vyavahAra kiyA, usase usakA yaza cAroM ora phaila gyaa| zatruoM ke prati isa prakAra ke sundara vyavahAra se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki vaha bar3A dUradarzI, sthAyI zAnti kA icchuka aura sabake sAtha saccA sauhArda rakhane ke liye samutsuka thaa| samudragupta ke kula milAkara ATha prakAra ke sikke upalabdha hote haiM, jo sabhI vizuddha svarNa ke haiN| isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki samudragupta ke zAsanakAla meM bhArata kitanA samRddhizAlI deza thA / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki samudragupta ne vIra ni0 saM0 862 se 602 taka zAsana kiyaa| ' (ka) saMgrAmeSu svabhujavijitA nitymuccaapkaarii| (kha) ....parazuzarazaMkuzaktiprAsAsitomarabhindipAlanArAcavaMtastikAdyanekaprahaNavirUDhAkula - vrnnshtaaNkshobhaasmudyopcitkaanttrvrmnnH....| 2 pradhyeyaH sUktamArgaH kavimativibhavotsAraNaM cApi kAvyaM / [vahIM] 3 nizitavidagdhamatigAndharvalalitaH vIDitatridazapatigurutumburunAradAdeH / [vahI] 4 ....anekabhraSTarAjyotsanna rAjavaMzapratiSThApanodbhUtanikhilabhuvanavicaraNazAntayazasaH.. (vahI) 5 sucaritastotavyAnekAdbhutodAracaritasya,... 6 ...tasya satputro mahArAja zrI candraguptaH tasya satputro'nekAzvamedhayAjI licchividauhitro mahAdevyAM kumAradevyAmutpanno mahArAjAdhirAja zrI samudraguptaH ...... [prabhAvatI guptA kA pUnA - dAnapatra] ......nyAyagatAnekagohiraNyakoTipradasya cirotsannAzvamedhAhatu: mahArAjazrIguptaprapautrasya mahArAja zrI ghaTotkacapautrasya mahArAjAdhirAja zrI candraguptaputrasya licchavidauhitrasya mahAdevyAM kumAradevyAmutpannasya mahArAjAdhirAja zrI samudraguptasya putra:.... [prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana khaNDa 2] . [vahI] [vahI]

Page #793
. sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : mArya govinda ((28) mArya govinda - vAcanAcArya Arya govinda eka viziSTa anuyogadhara aura prasiddha vAcaka hue haiN| naMdIsUtra sthavirAvalI kI mUla gAthAoM meM prArya govinda kA nAma nahIM milatA kintu prAcArya merutuMga kI vicArazreNI meM nAgArjuna aura bhUtadina ke bIca bhArya govinda kA nAma AtA hai| naMdIsUtra sthavirAvalI kI prakSipta do gAthAnoM meM bhI bhUtadina se pUrva prArya govinda kI stuti kI gaI hai / ' __ Arya govinda Arya mahAgiri kI paramparA ke mukhya vAcaka rahe athavA zAkhAntara ke, isa sambandha meM nizcita evaM spaSTa ullekha na milane para bhI itanA to asaMdigdharUpeNa kahA jA sakatA hai ki prArya govinda bhI tatkAlIna viziSTa vAcaka prAcArya the| nizItha cUNi ke 11veM uddezaka meM 'jJAnastena' kA varNana karate hue cUNikAra ne batAyA hai : govindajjo nANe, daMsaNe suttaTTa heu atttthaavaa| pAvAdiya uvacaragA, udAyivadhagAdigA cale // 3656 / / Arya govinda ke jJAnastena hone kI ghaTanA kA cUrNikAra ne nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai : "govinda nAmaka eka bauddha bhikSu ne kisI jainAcArya ke sAtha vAda meM 18 bAra parAjita ho cukane para socA- "jaba taka inake siddhAnta kA svarUpa nahIM jAna liyA jAyagA taba taka inako nahIM jItA jA skegaa|" yaha vicAra kara govinda ne jaina siddhAntoM kA adhyayana karane kI apanI prAntarika icchApUrti mAtra ke liye eka jainAcArya ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| sAmAyika prAdi zruta kA abhyAsa karate hue unheM jaba zuddha samyaktva ko prApti ho gaI taba unhoMne gurU ko namaskAra karate hue nivedana kiyA- "bhagavan ! mujhe vrata grahaNa krvaaiye|" gurU ne kahA- "vatsa ! tumheM to paMca mahAvrata grahaNa karavAye jA cuke haiM, aba tumheM mora konase vrata diye jAyaM ?" isa para govinda ne guru ke samakSa apanI vyAja-dIkSA kA vAstavika vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| prAcArya ne anugraha kara unheM punaH vrata grahaNa karavAye / samaya pA kara vahI mArya govinda prAcArya-pada ke adhikArI hue| nizIya ghariNakAra ne "govinda niyukti" kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase mArya govinda niyu. ktikAra bhI pramANita hote haiN| prAja na to govinda-niyukti hI upalabdha hai pora na isa prakAra kA koI ullekha hI ki vaha niyukti kisa mAgama para thii| aisI sthiti meM pramAraNAbhAva ke kAraNa yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki prArya govinda ne ' govindANaM pi namo, paNumoge viusapArariMgadANaM / ni saMtidayAeM, pasaNe dusmabhidANaM // [naMdIsthavirAvalI]

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664 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [prAyaM govinda vAcanA0 kisa Agama para niyukti kI racanA kI thii| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki mAyaM govinda ne sambhavataH zrAcArAMga ke zastraparijJA adhyayana para niyukti kI racanA kI ho / zastraparijJA adhyayana meM sthAvara aura sakAya kA jIvatva pramANita kiyA gayA hai| cUriMNakAra ne bhI - " teNa egiMdiya jIva sAharaNaM, goviMdanijjuttI kayA" - isa vAkya dvArA ekendriya jIvoM ke astitva ko spaSTataH pramANita karane vAlI niyukti kA nirmANa karanA batAyA hai / svargIya muni puNyavijayajI ke anusAra niyukti ke praNetA prAcArya govinda anya koI nahIM para jinako naMdIsUtra meM anuyogadhara ke rUpa meM aura yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM 28 veM yugapradhAna hone ke sAtha mAthurI vAcanA ke pravartaka Arya skandila se cauthe yugapradhAna batAyA gayA hai, ve hI hone caahiye| muni puNyavijayajI ne zrArya govinda kA sattAkAla vikrama kI pUvIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha batAyA hai / ' zrAddha dinakRtya kI gAthA saM0 60 meM jinazAsana ko ajJAna, moha mora mithyAtva kI. vyAdhi kA virecana batAyA hai| isI kI TIkA evaM bAlabodha meM kramazaH Arya zayyaMbhava, khilAtIputra bhora govinda vAcaka udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye haiM / 2 ina saba tathyoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki prArya govinda apane samaya ke mahAn prabhAvaka vAcanAcArya hue haiM / 24. (26) zrArya bhUtadina: vAcanAcArya Arya nAgArjuna ke pazcAt vAcanAcArya prAryaM bhUtadinna hue| prApakA vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA phira bhI nando - sthavirAvalI aura duSSa bhAkAla zramaNa saMghastotra ke anusAra ApakA paricaya isa prakAra hai : -- nandI - sthavirAvalI meM zrArya bhUtadina ko vAcaka nAgArjuna kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai / para 'duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNa saMghastotra' meM inako yugapradhAnAcArya mAnA gayA hai / sthavirAvalI meM AcArya devavAcaka dvArA nirdiSTa paricaya ke anusAra - " prApa mRdu-manohara upadeza se bhavyajanoM ke vallabha aura apramatta bhAva se dayAdharma ke paripAlaka evaM pracAraka the| AcArAMga prAdi aMga zrIra aMgabAhya viziSTa abhyAsa ke kAraNa Apa bhAratavarSIya tatkAlIna muniyoM meM pramukha mAne jAte the| saMgha-saMcAlana kI prApakI kuzalatA batAte hue devavAcaka ne kahA hai ki jinhoMne zranekoM yogya sAdhunoM ko svAdhyAya zraura vaiyAvRtya prAdi kAryoM meM niyukta kiyA, aise nAgendra-kula-vaMza kI prIti karane vAle aura upadeza dvArA bhaktoM ke * vRhatkalpabhASya kI prastAvanA, bhA0 6, pR0 16-20 2 zrAddhadinakRtya aura prAtmanindAbhAvanA, bAlabodha, pR0 18

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- 665 sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : prAyaM bhUtadina bhavabhaya ko dUra karane vAle prAcArya bhUtadina ko vandana karatA hai|" Apake zarIra kI kAnti tapAye hae kaMcana ke samAna gauravarNa batAI gaI hai|' .naMdI sthavirAvalI kI prakSipta mAnI jAne vAlI gAthA meM Apako tapasaMyama meM nitya anivina, paMDitajana sammAnya aura saMyamavidhijJa kaha kara vandana kiyA gayA hai| isase bhI ApakI zrutajJAna ke sAtha gaMbhIra saMyamaniSThA prakaTa hotI hai| devavAcaka dvArA nirdiSTa isa prakAra ke vistRta paricaya se yaha sahaja hI prakaTa hotA hai ki prAcArya bhUtadina ke prati devavAcaka devaddhigaraNI ke hRdaya meM atyanta zraddhA bhakti thii| saMbhava hai prAcArya bhUtadinna devaddhi kI guru-paramparA meM hoM paura unake sAtha devaddhi kA sAkSAtkAra bhI huA ho| yugapradhAna yantra ke anusAra yadi inhoM bhUtadina ko yugapradhAna bhI mAnA jAya to unakA kAryakAla isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : vIra ni0 saM0 864 meM janma, 882 meM dIkSA / vIra ni0 saM0604 meM yugapradhAna pada aura 683 meM svargagamana / isa prakAra prApa 18 varSa gRhavAsa, 22 varSa sAmAnya sAdhuparyAya aura 76 varSa yugapradhAna pada ko bhoga kara 116 varSa ko pUrNa Ayu meM samAdhipUrvaka svarga ke adhikArI hue| mArya nAgArjuna evaM bhUtadina ke samaya kA rAjavaMza candragupta dvitIya vIra ni0 maM0602-641 (60 san 375-414) vIra ni0 saM0 602 meM samudragupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra candragupta dvitIya vizAla gupta sAmrAjya kA svAmI bnaa| eraNa kI prazasti meM gupta samrATa samudragupta ke aneka putroM evaM pautroM ke hone kA ullekha hai| 3 jisa prakAra samudragupta ke pitA (candragupta prathama) ne apane aneka putroM meM se choTe putra samudragupta ko sarvataH suyogya samajhakara apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kiyA thA usI prakAra samudragupta ' taviyavarakaraNaga caMpaga-vimaula kamalagabbhasarivane / bhaviyajagahiyaya daie, dayAguNavisArae dhIre / / 43 / / praDDhabharahappamANe, bahuvihasajjhAya sumurinnyphaanne| aNumogiyavaravasabhe, nAilakulavaMsanaMdikare / / 44 / / bhUyahiyappagabbhe, vaMdehaM bhUyadinamAyarie / bhavabhayavuccheyakare, sIse nAgajjuNarisoraNaM / / 45 / / [naMdIsUtra sthavirAvalI] 2 tatto ya bhUyadinnaM, niccaM tavasaMjame aniviNNaM / ___paMDiyajaNasammANaM, vaMdAmo saMjamavihiNNu // 42 // [naMdI sthavirAvalI] 3 ....(dhIra) sya pauruSaparAkramadattazuklA, hastyazvaratnadhanadhAnyasamRddhiyuktA / .....(yasya)....gRheSu muditA bahuputra pautrasaMkrAmaNI kulavadhUH vatinI niviSTA / / . [eraNa kI prazasti]

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [candragupta vikramAditya ne bhI apane aneka putroM meM se candragupta dvitIya ko sabhI dRSTiyoM se suyogya samajha kara usakA apane uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM cayana kiyA thaa| candragupta dvitIya ke mayurA sthita zilAlekha tathA skandagupta ke bihAra evaM bhitarI ke zilAlekhoM meM candragupta dvitIya ke lie kramazaH 'tAtaparigrahItena' aura tAtaparigRhIta'- padoM ke prayoga ko dekhakara kucha vidvAnoM kI isa dhAraNA ke liye kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza nahIM raha jAtA ki samudragupta aura candragupta dvitIya ke zAsana kAla ke bIca meM do-tIna varSa ke thor3e se samaya ke liye rAmagupta jaise akarmaNya evaM klIba zAsaka kA zithila zAsana rahA thaa| upari cacita tIna zilAlekhoM meM se prathama meM jo 'tAtaparigRhItena aura zeSa do meM 'tAtaparigRhIta' pada kA prayoga candragupta dvitIya ke liye kiyA gayA hai, usase nirvivAda rUpeNa yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai ki candragupta dvitIya ko svayaM usake pitA ne gupta sAmrAjya kA svAmI banAyA thaa| guptavaMzI samrAToM ke sabhI zilAlekhoM evaM abhilekhoM meM tathA dvitIya candragupta-vikramAditya kI putrI prabhAvatI guptA (vAkATaka nRpati rudrasena dvitIya kI mahArAnI tathA vAkATaka nRpatiyoM divAkara sena tathA dAmodara sena kI I0 san 365 se 415 taka abhibhAvikA) ke pUnA ke dAnapatra meM jo gupta rAjavaMzI rAjAmoM kI vaMzAvalI dI gaI hai, unameM rAmagupta kA nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI abhilekhoM meM guptasamrATa samudragupta ke pazcAt ditIya candragupta vikramAditya ko hI usakA uttarAdhikArI gupta samrAT batAyA gayA hai|' samudragupta ke pazcAt yadi rAmagupta nAmaka koI gupta rAjA gupta sAmrAjya ke siMhAsana para baiThA hotA. to koI kAraNa nahIM thA ki prabhAvatI guptA apane pUnA vAle dAnapatra meM aura skandagupta apane bhitarI ke stambhalekha meM samudragupta ke pazcAt tathA candragupta (dvitIya) se pahale rAmagupta ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM krte| sAhityika ullekhoM kI apekSA zilAlekha, stambhalekha, tAmrapatrAbhilekha adhika ' (ka) siddham / sarvarAjonchettuH pRthivyAmapratirathasya caturudadhisalilAsvAditayazaso dhana davaruNendrAntakasamasya kRtAntaparazoH nyAyAgatAnekagohiraNyakoTipradasya cirotsanA. zvamedhAhatuMH mahArAja zrIguptaprapautrasya mahArAja zrI ghaTotkacapautrasya mahArAjAdhirAja zrI candraguptaputrasya licchivIdauhitrasya mahAdevyAM kumAra devyAmutpannasya mahArAjAdhirAja zrI samudraguptasya putraH tatparigRhIto mahAdevyAM dattadevyAmutpannaH svayaM cApratirathaH parama bhAgavato mahArAjAdhirAja zrI candraguptaH tasya putraH tatpAdAnudhyAto mahAdevyAM dhruvadevyAmutpannaH parama bhAgavato mahArAjAdhirAja zrI kumAraguptaH tasya.... [skandagupta kA bhitarI (jilA gAjIpura uttarapradeza) kA stambhalekha] .......zrI samudraguptaH tatsatputratatpAdaparigRhIta pRthivyAmapratirathaH sarvarAjocchettA caturudadhisalilAsvAditayazAnekagohiraNyakoTisahasraprada parama bhAgavato mahArAjAdhirAja zrI candraguptaH tasya duhitA dhAraNa sagotrA nAgakulasaMbhUtAyAM zrI mahAdevyA kuberanAgAyAmutpannobhayakulapralaMkArabhUtAtyantabhagavadbhaktA vAkATakAnAM , mahArAjA zrIrudrasenasyAgramahiSI yuvarAja zrI divAkara sena jananI zrI prabhAvati guptA...' [prabhAvatI guptA kA pUnA (mahArASTra) kA dAnapatra]

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candragupta dvitIya] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : mAyaM bhUtadina mahattvapUrNa aura prAmANika hote haiM, yaha eka sarvasammata nirvivAda tathya hai| zilAlekhoM meM jahAM kisI tathya kA spaSTa ullekha ho, usake samakSa kama se kama kisI nATaka meM kiye gaye usase viparIta ullekha kA to koI mahatva nhiiN| kyoMki nATakoM meM prAyaH adhikAMza kathAvastu evaM pAtra kalpita hote haiM, unameM caritra citraNa atiraMjita, atizayoktipUrNa aura kabhI-kabhI vAstavikatA se kosoM dUra rahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM kevala kisI nATaka meM kiye gaye kisI ullekha ke AdhAra para aitihAsika tathyoM ke nirNaya kI prakriyA ko apanAyA jAne lage to itihAsa kI prAmANikatA hI samApta ho jaaygii| udAharaNa ke taura para yadi "kaumudI mahotsava" nAmaka nATaka meM tatkAlIna janamanaraMjana ke liye kiye gaye. ullekhoM ko aitihAsika tathya ke rUpa meM aMgIkAra kara liyA jAya to licchivI jAti ke vizuddha kSatriyoM ko mleccha, licchivI rAjakumArI ke sAtha vivAha karane vAle caNDasena (candragupta) ko pATalIputra ke maukharI rAjA sundara varmana kA dattakaputra aura guptavaMza ke rAjAoM ko kArasakara (kRSaka) mAnanA pdd'egaa| nATaka kI dRSTi se 'kaumudI mahotsava' kA mahattva ho sakatA hai para aitihAsika dRSTi se nahIM, kyoMki usameM eka rAjavaMza se dUsare rAjavaMza ko nIcA dikhAne kI bhAvanA kI gaMdha spaSTataH prakaTa hotI hai| kucha vidvAnoM dvArA isI prakAra ke 'devIcandraguptam' nAmaka eka nATaka ke prAdhAra para gupta samrAToM ko nAmAvalI meM samudragupta aura dvitIya candragupta ke bIca meM rAmagupta kA nAma jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| 'devIcandraguptam' nAmaka nATaka IsA kI chaTI zatAbdI kI kRti anumAnita kI jAtI hai| yaha nATaka mUla rUpa meM to upalabdha nahIM hotA para usake katipaya uddharaNa 'nATyadarpaNa' nAmaka grantha meM upalabdha hote haiN| isake kartA ke viSaya meM bhI vidvAn abhI taka apanA koI nizcita abhimata nahIM banA pAye haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki saMbhavataH 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka kA racayitA vizAkhadatta hI isa nATaka kA racanAkAra ho, para isa anumAna kI anya kisI prakAra se puSTi nahIM hotii| vizAkhadatta ne aneka nATakoM kI racanA kI, isa prakAra kA ullekha 'mudrArAkSasa' nATaka meM vidyamAna hai|' yadi adhIna rAjavaMzotpanna vizAkhadatta ko 'devIcandraguptam' nATaka kA racanAkAra mAna liyA jAya to isa sandeha kI puSTi hotI hai ki bhArata ke eka suvikhyAta evaM pratiSThita rAjavaMza ko janasAdhAraNa kI nigAhoM meM girAne kI bhAvanA liye kisI rAjavaMza kA nihita svArtha bharA hAtha isa nATaka kI racanA ke pIche adRSTa rUpa se avazya rahA hogaa| ___ 'devIcandraguptam' nATaka ke jo thor3e bahuta uddharaNa upalabdha haiM, unase kevala nimnalikhita sUcanA prApta hotI hai - 1. apane prajAjanoM ke AzvAsana hetu rAmagupta ne apanI mahArAnI dhruvadevI __ ko zakarAja kI sevA meM samarpita karanA svIkAra kiyaa| 'kartA vA nATakAnAmimamanubhavati klezamasmadviSo vaa|- mudrArAkSasa 4 // 3

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668 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [candragupta vikramAditya 2. kumAra candragupta ne strIveSa meM zakarAja ke pAsa jAne aura use mArane kI pUrI taiyArI kI aura iSTasiddhi hetu prasthAna kiyaa|' 3. dhruvadevI ke kakSa ke samIpa se jAte hue candragupta ne rAhu dvArA prasta candrakalA ke samAna duHkha, karuNA aura zoka se mlAna, apane pati ke napuMsaka tulya pAcaraNa ke kAraNa prAtyantika lajjA, kopa, viSAda, bhaya evaM ghRNA se prapIr3itA dhruvadevI ko dekhaa| IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke kavi bANa ne apane grantha 'harSacaritra' meM saurASTra ke para-strI-lampaTa zakarAja (rudrasiMha tRtIya) ko strIveSadhArI candragupta dvArA mAra diye jAne kA ullekha nimnalikhita eka vAkya meM kiyA hai :"paripure ca parakalatrakAmukaM kAminIvezaguptaH candraguptaH zakapatimazAtayat / " IsA kI nauvIM zatAbdI ke zaMkarAya nAmaka TIkAkAra ne uparokta vAkya kI TIkA karate hue likhA hai- "zakAnAmAcAryaH zakAdhipatiH candraguptabhrAtRjAyAM dhruvadevI prArthayamAnaH candraguptena dhruvadevIveSadhAriNA strIveSajanaparivRtena vyApAditaH / " arthAt zaka rAjA ne candragupta ke bhAI kI mahArAnI dhruvadevI ko apane pAsa pahu~cAne kI mAMga kii| isa para candragupta ne dhruvadevI kA veSa pahina kara strI veSadhara puruSoM ko sAtha le zaka rAjA ko mAra ddaalaa| IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke kannojAdhipati yazovarmA ke rAjakavi rAjazekhara ne apane grantha kAvyamImAMsA meM himAdri kI parvatamAlAnoM para kisI khasa rAjA ke dhere meM Aye hue zarmagupta nAmaka rAjA dvArA apanI mahArAnI dhruvasvAminI ko usa khasa rAjA ko apita kiye jAne aura vahA~ se hatotsAhita ho loTane kA ullekha kiyA hai| rAjazekhara ne usa rAjA kI klaibyatA para vyaMga kasate hue Age likhA hai ki SaNmukha kArtikeya ke himAlayavartI usa nagara kI kAminiyAM himAlaya parvata kI gaphAnoM meM vAyu ke saMsarga se nikalatI huI vividha dhvaniyoM kI laya ke sAtha pro zarmagupta ! tere yaza ke gIta gA rahI haiN| ' prakRtInAmAzvAsanAya zakasya dhruvadevIsaMpradAne abhyupagate rAjA rAmaguptena parivadhanArtha yiyAsuH pratipannadhruvadevI nepathyaH kumAracandragupto vijJapayannucyate / ['devIcandra gupta' kA nATyadarpaNa' meM uddharaNa] 2 yathA 'devIcandragupte' candragupto dhruvadevIM dRSTvA svagatamAha-iyamapi sA devI tiSThati / yaMSA - ramyAM cAratikAriNI ca karuNAzokena nItAM dazAm, tatkAlopagatenarAzirasA gupteva caandriiklaa| patyuHklIvajanocitena caritenAnena pusaH sataH / / lajjAkopaviSAdabhItyaratibhiH kSetrIkRtA tAmyate / [vahI] 'datvA ruTagatiH khasAdhipataye devIM dhruvasvAminIm, pasmAt khaNDitasAhaso nivavRte zrI zarmagupto nRpaH / tasminneva himAlaye guraguhAkoNatAvaraNatkinnare, gIyante taba kArtikeyanagarastrINAM gaNaH kIrtayaH / / [kAvya mImAMsA, rAjazekhara]

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candragupta dvitIya ] 'sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : prAyaM bhUtadina 666 kucha vidvAnoM ne kavi kI isa vyaMgokti ko bhI dhruvasvAminI aura zarma ke sAtha gupta zabda ko dekha kara tathAkathita rAmagupta aura dhruvasvAminI ke kathAnaka ke sAtha jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hAlAMki rAjazekhara ne candragupta dvArA khasarAja ko mAra kara dhruvasvAminI ke lauTAne aura apanI mahAdevI banAye jAne kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / uparicita uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para rAmagupta kA kathAnaka isa prakAra banatA hai : "guptasamrAT candragupta ke pazcAt kAyara evaM buddhi vihIna rAmagupta gupta sAmrAjya kA svAmI banA / usa para zakarAja ne AkramaNa kiyA / Darapoka rAmagupta parAjita huA / usane zakarAja ke sAtha sandhivArtA kI aura apanI satI sAdhvI mahArAnI dhruvadevI ( dhruvasvAminI) ko zakarAja kI sevA meM prastuta karanA svIkAra kara liyaa| rAmagupta kA anuja candragupta (dvitIya) strIveSa dhAraNa kara dhruvadevI kA svAMga banAye zakarAja ke zivira meM pahu~cA / kAmuka zakarAja dhruvadevI se milane kI utkaNThA liye jyoM hI ekAnta kakSa meM pahu~cA tyoM hI strIveSadhArI candragupta ne siMha kI taraha jhapaTa kara zakarAja ko mauta ke ghATa utAra diyA / tadanantara avasara pAkara candragupta ne apane bar3e bhAI rAmagupta kI bhI gupta rUpa se hatyA karavA dii| apane pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt dhruvadevI ne candragupta ke sAtha vivAha ( vidhavA vivAha ) kara liyaa| isa prakAra candragupta (dvitIya) guptasAmrAjya kA svAmI banA / " mukhyataH lokaraMjana ke liye banAye gaye nATaka 'devI candraguptam' meM variNata rAmagupta kA uparokta kalpita kathAnaka jyoM-jyoM samaya vyatIta hotA gayA, tyoM-tyoM vikRta hotA gayA / IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke arabI grantha 'mujamalut tavArIkha' meM isa kathAnaka ne vikRta hote-hote nimnalikhita rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA : "bhArata meM ravvala nAmaka eka rAjA thA / usake choTe bhAI barakamArisa dvArA svayaMvara meM prApta eka rAjakumArI ke rUpa para mugdha ho rabbala ne usake sAtha vivAha kara liyaa| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt barakamArisa adhyayana meM juTa gayA aura vaha eka uccakoTi kA vidvAn bana gayA / ravvala ke pitA ke zatru ne prAkramaraNa kara ravvala ko parAjita kiyA / ravvala ne apane parivAra evaM parijanoM ke sAtha parvata kI coTI para bane eka durga meM zaraNa lI aura zatru se sandhi kI prArthanA kI / zatru dvArA rakhI gaI sandhi kI zarta ke anusAra khvala ne apanI usa rAnI zrIra sAmantoM kI putriyoM ko zatru ke samarpita karanA svIkAra kiyaa| barakamArisa ne rAjA kI AjJA se eka cAla calI / sAmantaputroM sahita strIveSa dhAraNa kara usane svayaM ne rAnI kA aura zeSa yuvakoM ne sAmantaputriyoM kA svAMga bnaayaa| una sabane apane paridhAnoM meM eka eka zastra chupA liyaa| barakamArisa ne apane strIveSadhArI saba sAthiyoM ko samajhA diyA ki zatru rAjA ko mauta ke ghATa utArane ke pazcAt

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670 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ candragupta dvitIya jyoMhI vaha bigula bajAye, tyoM hI saba yuvaka bijalI kI taraha zatrunoM para TUTa par3eM / barakamArisa aura usake sAthiyoM ko saphalatA milii| ravvala vijayI huA para mantrI dvArA barakamArisa ke prati sandeha utpanna karA diye jAne ke kAraNa vaha pAgala ho gayA / varakamArisa ne mahala meM pahu~ca kara khvala ko mAra DAlA / usane rAjasiMhAsana para baiTha kara svayaMvara meM prApta usa rAnI se vivAha kara liyA / barakamArisa ne sampUrNa bhArata para adhikAra kiyA aura usakA yaza dUradUra taka phaila gayA / "" IsA se 57 varSa pUrva hue vikrama saMvat ke pravartaka vIra vikramAditya ke sambandha meM bar3I hI vicitra aneka loka kathAeM zatAbdiyoM se kevala bhArata hI nahIM, vizva ke aneka dezoM meM pracalita rahI haiN| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki islAma kI utpatti se katipaya zatAbdiyoM pUrva vIra vikramAditya se sambandhita sAhitya araba meM bar3A lokapriya rahA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki arabI lekhaka dvArA likhA gayA bhArata ke barakamArisa kA uparokta kathAnaka, saMvatsara pravartaka vikramAditya ke sambandha meM pracalita hajAroM loka kathAnakoM meM se kisI eka kathAnaka kA vikRta svarUpa hai / apane bar3e bhAI bhartRhari dvArA apamAnita kiye jAne para vikramAditya ke ghara se ekAkI nikalane aura aneka varSoM taka dezavidezoM meM ghUmane kA ullekha 'vikramacaritra' nAmaka grantha meM upalabdha hotA hai / 3 saMjana se prApta rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa ( prathama ) ke dAnapatra ( tAmrapatra ) meM bhI sunI-sunAI kivadantI ke AdhAra para likhA hai - "hamane sunA hai ki guptavaMza ke kaliyugI dAnI eka rAjA ne apane bhAI ko mAra kara usake rAjya aura usakI strI para adhikAra kara liyA / " isa prakAra kI sunI-sunAI, kiMvadantiyoM aura nATakoM para AdhArita bAtoM ko itihAsa kA rUpa denA vastutaH itihAsa ke sAtha anyAya karane ke atirikta kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / itihAsa ke labdha pratiSTha niSpakSa vidvAnoM ne aitihAsika tathyoM ke nirNaya meM isa prakAra ke nATakoM ko nitAnta avizvasanIya mAnA hai / * uparokta tathyoM para niSpakSa dRSTi se gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane, tathA gupta samrAToM evaM vAkATaka rAjamAtA prabhAvatI guptA dvArA abhilekhoM meM diye gaye gupta rAjAoM ke vaMzavRkSa meM rAmagupta ke nAma kA ullekha taka na hone se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki gupta samrAT samudragupta ke pazcAt dvitIya candragupta vikramAditya 1 abula hasana (1026 I0) dvArA arabI grantha kA pArasI grnuvaad| dekhiye - 'Elliot and Dawson, History of India, I, 110-111.2 2 prastuta grantha, pRSTha 548-49 prastuta grantha pR0 540 As Sylvian Levi points out, these later historical dramas cannot be considered as trustworthy sources of the history they make for purposes of the drama. 'Mudrarakshasa' is not considered as a reliable source of Maurya history. 3

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candragupta dvitIya) sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : Arya mUtadina . 671 hI gupta sAmrAjya ke siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| ina donoM samrAToM ke bIca meM rAmagupta nAma kA koI gupta rAjA nahIM huaa| candragupta (dvitIya) bar3A parAkramI evaM pratApI rAjA huA hai| usane .mAlavA, saurASTra aura gujarAta ke zaka mahAkSatrapoM ko parAsta evaM zaka mahAkSatrapa satyasiMha ke putra rudrasiMha (tRtIya) ko mauta ke ghATa utAra kara vIra ni0 saM0 627 tadanusAra I0 san 400 ke AsapAsa bhArata se zakoM ke zAsana kA sadA ke liye anta kiyaa| zakoM ke rAjya kA anta karane ke kAraNa prajAjanoM ne use zakAri vikramAditya ke viruda se vibhUSita kiyaa| vaha bar3A nyAyapriya, saccaritra aura vidvAn samrAT thaa| usane sampUrNa bhArata ko eka sArvabhauma sattAsampanna zAsanasUtra meM baaNdhaa| candragupta vikramAditya ke nimnalikhita 7 abhilekha adyAvadhi upalabdha hue haiM : (1) mathurA kA gu0 saM0 61 (I0 san 380) kA stambhalekha / (2) udayagiri kA gu0 saM0 82 kA gahA-lekha / (3) gaDhavA kA gu0 saM0 88 kA zilAlekha / (4) sAMcI kA gu0 saM0 13 kA veSTanI para khudA lekha / (5) udayagiri kA binA tithi kA gahA (gahA saM0 7) lekha / (6) mathurA kA binA tithi kA khaNDita zilAlekha, jisameM candragupta taka guptavaMzI rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI ukita hai| (7) meharaulI kA binA tithi kA loha-stambhalekha / ____meharaulI kA lohastambhalekha sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| isameM candra nAmaka rAjA dvArA baMgAla meM zatruoM kI sAmUhika zakti ko parAjita kie jAne, samudra ke sAta mukhoM tulya sAta nadiyoM vAle pradeza paMjAba ko pAra kara bAlikoM ko jItane evaM viSNu kI bhakti se prerita ho viSNupada parvata para viSNu kI dhvajA ke prAropita kiye jAne kA ullekha haiN|' ' yasyodvartayata: pratIpamurasA zatrun sametyAgatAn, baMgeSvAhavavartino'bhilikhitA khaMgena kItimujaH / tIrkhA saptamukhAni yena samare sindhojjitA bAlikAH, yasyAdyApyadhivAsate jalanidhiH vIryAniladakSiNaH / / 1 / / khinnasyeva visRjya gAM narapatergAmAzritasyetarAM, mUrtyA karma jitAvanI gatavataH kIrtyA sthitasya mitI / zAntasyeva vane hutabhujo yasya pratApo mahAprAcApyutsRjati praNAzitaripoH yatnasya zeSaH mitim / / 2 / / prAptena svamujAjitaM ca suciraM caMkAdhyarAjyaM mitI, candrAhvana samagracandrasadRzIM vaktrazriyaM vibhratA / tenAyaM praNidhAya bhUmipatinA bhAvena viSNoH matim, prAMzuviSNupade girI bhagavato viSNordhvajaH sthApitaH / / 3 / / [candra kA meharosI kA lohastambhanekha]

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672 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [candragupta dvitIya meharaulI kA lohastambhalekha dvitIya candragapta vikramAditya kA hai athavA candra nAmaka kisI anya rAjA kA, yaha itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ke liye Aja bhI prazna hI banA huA hai| vidvAnoM ne isa sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM prakaTa karate hue aneka UhApohoM ke sAtha apane-apane abhimata kI puSTi meM bahuta sI yuktiyAM prastuta kI haiN| una saba abhimatoM para gahana vicAra karane ke pazcAt bhI dvitIya candragupta vikramAditya ke atirikta anya koI aisA yazasvI viSNubhakta, samasta bhArata hI nahIM apitu bAlIka deza taka apanI vijayaM kA DaMkA bajAne vAlA parama pratApI ekarAT candra bhAratIya itihAsa ke kSitija meM khojane para bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta anya kisI puSTa pramANa ke abhAva meM yahI kahanA hogA ki meharaulI kA lohastambha abhilekha gupta-samrAT dvitIya candragupta vikramAditya kA hI hai| prArya bhUtadinna ke samaya kI rAjanaitika sthiti dvitIya candragupta-vikramAditya kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA bar3A putra kumAragupta (prathama) vizAla guptasAmrAjya kA svAmI bnaa| usakI mAtA kA nAma dhruvadevI thaa|' kumAra gupta ke zAsanakAla ke aneka zilAlekha aura dAnapatra milate haiM, jinase isake vizAla sAmrAjya, zaurya, zAsana paddhati, suzAsana evaM dhArmika sahiSNutA Adi ke sambandha meM bar3I mahattvapUrNa sUcanAeM prApta hotI haiN| ina abhilekhoM meM gupta saM. 66. (I. san 415) se pUrva kA tathA gupta saM. 135 (I. san 454) ke pazcAt kA koI abhilekha nahIM hai ataH yaha anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai ki I. san 414 se 455 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 641 se .982 taka kumAra gupta kA zAsana rhaa| isake cAMdI ke sikkoM para aMkita antima tithi gupta saM. 136 (vIra ni. saM. 982) hai, isase bhI uparyukta anumAna kI puSTi hotI hai| kumAra gupta prathama ke vibhinna sikkoM para lAlityapUrNa saMskRta bhASA ke choTe-choTe evaM sundara bhinna-bhinna vAkya aMkita haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM :.. (1) vijitAvaniravanipatiH (pRthvIvijayI pRthvIpati) (2) mahitalaM jayati (sampUrNa pRthvI kA vijetA) (3) kSitipatirajito vijayI mahendrasiMho divaM jayati (pUrI pRthvI kA svAmI, avijitoM kA vijetA mahendrasiMha svarga-vijaya kara rahA hai)| (4) sAkSAdiva narasiMho siMha-mahendro (sAkSAt nRsiMha tulya haiM siMha-mahendra) (5) yudhi siMhavikramaH (yuddha meM siMha ke samAna parAkramazAlI), ' mahArAjAdhirAjazrIcandraguptasya mahAdevyAM dhra vadevyAmutpannasya mahArAjAdhirAja kumaarguptsy| [bhilasada, jilA eTA kA stambhalekha - phlITa kA lekha saM. 10] 2 bhilasada kA stambhalekha [phlITa kA lekha saM. 10] 3 mathurA ke gupta saMvat 113 evaM gupta saM. 135 ke jana prabhilekha / [kArapasa inskRpazanaM iMDikeram bhAga 3, saM. 63]

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kumAragupta sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prAyaM bhUtadina 673 (6) vyAghrabala-parAkramaH, (7) guptakula nyomazazI aura (8) guptakulAmalacandro (guptavaMza ke niSkalaMka candra) / ina sikkoM se spaSTataH vidita hotA hai ki kumAragupta bar3A parAkramI pratApI aura lokapriya samrAT thaa| yadyapi samudragupta aura candragupta ke samAna kumAragupta ke vijayAbhiyAnoM evaM azvamegha kA eka bhI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA tathApi uparokta sikkoM tathA isake prazvamedhika sikke se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isane digvijaya karane ke pazcAt azvamedha kiyA / azvamegha ke paricAyaka sikke para azva kA citra, azva ke pairoM ke bIca meM 'azvamedha', yUpa, mahArAnI ke citra Adi ke sAtha-sAtha 'jayatAdeva kumAra, jayati divaM kumAragupto'yam' tathA 'azvamedhamahendraH' aMkita haiM / kumAragupta ke vIra ni0 saM0 641 se 182 taka ke 41 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM antima 5 varSoM ko chor3akara koI vizeSa rAjanaitika ghaTanA ke ghaTita hone kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| vIra nirvANa saM0 677 ke pAsa-pAsa narmadA nadI ke taTavartI dakSiNI pradeza kI puSyamitra' nAmaka jAti ne kumAragupta ke sAmrAjya ko ulaTa dene ke dRDha saMkalpa ke sAtha bar3I zaktizAlI vizAla senA lekara kumAra gupta para AkramaNa kiyaa| donoM ora se bhISaNa yuddha huaa| saMbhavataH isa saMgharSa kI utpatti guptoM kI dAsatA ke jUr3e ko utAra pheMkane athavA mahAtvAkAMkSA ke lakSya ko lekara huI thii| isa sazastra vidroha kA prArambha puSyamitroM ne paTumitroM, durmitroM aura narmadA ghATI ke mekala pradezavAsiyoM kI sahAyatA se kiyaa| ina saba jAtiyoM kA sammilita koSabala evaM sainyabala itanA prabala thA ki puSyamitroM ko yuddha meM nirantara saphalatAeM milatI gii| kumAragupta kI senA ke paira ukhar3a gaye / puSyamitroM ko dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki vijayazrI unakA varaNa karane hI vAlI hai| kintu jaya-parAjaya ke una nirNAyaka kSaNoM meM kumAragupta (prathama) ke bar3e putra rAjakumAra skandagupta ne apUrva dhairya mora zorya ke sAtha sthiti ko samhAlA / usane naI kumuka ke sAtha zatru sainya para bhISaNa pratyAkramaNa kara puSyamitroM ko parAjita kiyaa| isa prakAra kumAragupta ke sAmrAjya kI usake putra skandagupta ne saMkaTa ke vikaTa kSaNoM meM rakSA kii| tatkAlIna aitihAsika ghaTanAcakra ke paryAlocana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kumAragupta ke sAtha hue puSyamitroM ke yuddha meM vAkATakoM dvArA puSyamitroM kI sahAyatA kI gaI hogii| isa anumAna ko vAkATaka nRpati pRthvISeNa (dvitIya) ke bAlAghATa tAmrapatra se bala milatA hai| bAlAghATa ke tAmrapatra meM pRthvISaNa (dvitIya) ne apane pitA narendrasena (I0 san 435 se 470) ko mahArASTra, puSyamitrA bhaviSyanti, paTTamitrAstrayodaza // 373 / / mekalAyAM nRpAH sapta, bhaviSyanti ca sattamA / ....374 // [vAyupurANa, pra. 66] 2 vicalitakulalakSmIstambhanAyoktena, nititalamayanIye yena nItA triyaamaa| samuditabalakozAn puSyamitrAMzca jitvA, mitipavaraNapIThe sthApito vAmapAda: // 4 // [skandagupta kA bhitarI stambhalekha

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674 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kumAragupta koMkaNa, kuntala, pazcimI mAlavA, gujarAta, kozala, mekala, Andhra aura sampUrNa vindhya kI talahaTI kA svAmI batAyA hai| candragupta vikramAditya ne apanI digvijaya meM ina pradezoM para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kumAra gupta ke zAsana ke antima varSoM meM vAkATakoM, puSyamitroM, paTTamitroM (paTumitroM) evaM mekalavAsiyoM ne svAtantryaprApti ke liye gupta sAmrAjya ke viruddha vidroha kiyA ho| usa sammilita prayAsa ko skandagupta dvArA kucala diye jAne ke anantara bhI vAkATaka loga apanI khoI huI sattA ko punaH prApta karane ke liye prayatnazIla evaM avasara kI pratIkSA meM rhe| skandagupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt vAkATaka nRpati pRthvIsena (I0 san 470 se 485) ne apane vaMza kI khoI huI rAjyalakSmI ko punaH prApta kara "kozalamekalamAlavAdhipatyabhyacitazAsanaH" kI upAdhi dhAraNa kii|' kumAragupta aura puSyamitroM ke bIca hue usa bhISaNa gRhayuddha ke kAraNa bhArata kI zakti kSINa huii| yadi yaha gRhayuddha na huA hotA to hUNoM ko bhArata para AkramaNa karane kA sAhasa hI nahIM hotaa| 25 (30) Arya lohitya-vAcanAcArya Arya bhatadina ke pazcAta Arya lohitya vAcanAcArya he| nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM Apake zratajJAna sambandhI paricaya ke atirikta ApakA anyatra bhaura koI paricaya uplabdha nahIM hotaa| nandI sthavirAvalI meM prAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne inheM sUtrArtha ke samyaka dhAraka aura padArtho ke nityAnitya svarUpa kA pratipAdana karane meM prati kuzala batAyA hai| digambara paramparA meM bhI Arya lohitya se nAma sAmya rakhane vAle lohAcArya athavA lohArya nAmaka aSTAMgadhArI prAcArya kI pramukha prAcAryoM meM gaNanA kI jAtI hai| 26 (31) prArya dUSyagaraNI-vAcanAcArya Arya lohitya ke pazcAt Arya dUSyagaNI vAcanAcArya hue| yugapradhAna paTTAvalI meM inakA paricaya nahIM miltaa| naMdI sUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM inheM lohitya ke pazcAt vAcanAcArya mAnA gayA hai| . prAcArya devaddhigaNI samAzramaNa ne naMdI sthavirAvalI meM tIna gAthAnoM dvArA jina zabdoM se inakI stuti kI hai, usase spaSTataH pratIta hotA hai ki dUSyagaNI uma samaya ke viziSTa vAcanAcArya the aura saikar3oM anya gacchoM ke jJAnArthI zramaNa ' pRthvISeNa (dvitIya) kA bAlaghATa-tAmrapatra sumuriNayaniccAnicca, sumuriNayasutasthaSArayaM vNde| masAlyAlavA, satyaM lohiccaraNAmANaM / / 46 // [nandI sthavirAvalI

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prArya dUSyagaNI-vAca0] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : prArya dUSyagaNI unakI sevA meM zratajJAna kA adhyayana karane AyA karate the| zrutajJAna ke vyAkhyAna meM dUSyagaNI itane samartha vAcaka the ki unheM vyAkhyAna karane meM kabhI zArIrika evaM mAnasika thakAna kA anubhava nahIM hotA thaa| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne dUSyagaNI ko zrRtArtha kI khAna, prakRti se hI madhurabhASI, tapa, niyama, satya-saMyama Adi guNoM ke viziSTa sAdhaka evaM anuyoga meM yugapradhAna batAte hue praNAma kiyA hai|' "prazasta lakSaNoM se saMyukta sukomala talavoM vAle Arya dUSyagaNI ke caraNa yugala meM maiM praNAma karatA hai"2 ina zabdoM meM sthavirAvalIkAra devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne jo unheM praNAma kiyA hai, isase spaSTarUpeNa yaha pramANita hotA hai ki ve (devaddhi) AcArya dUSyagaNI ke ziSya the aura usI kAraNa ve unake lakSaNayukta sukomala talavoM vAle caraNoM se bhalIbhAMti paricita the| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM saMDilla ke gurubhAI kI paramparA meM prArya desIgaraNI kSamAzramaraNa kA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| saMbhava hai dRSyagaraNI aura desIgaNI ye donoM nAma eka hI prAcArya ke hoN| prApakA vizeSa paricaya aura kAla kA spaSTa nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA / phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki vIra nirvANa kI dazavIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga inakA sattAkAla rahA hai| 27 (32) devaddhikSamAzramaNa-vAcanAcArya evaM gaNAcArya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma-zAsana meM hae mahAna prAcAryoM meM vAcanAcArya prArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna mAnA gayA hai| prAja se lagabhaga 1520 varSa pUrva dUradarzI prAcArya devaddhigaraNI kSamAzramaNa ne vallabhI nagarI meM zramaNa saMgha kA sammelana Ayojita kiyaa| usameM unhoMne na kevala AgamavAcanA dvArA dvAdazAMgI ke vismRta pAThoM ko suvyavasthita-susaMkalita aivaM sugaThita hI kiyA apitu bhaviSya meM sadA-sarvadA binA kisI prakAra kI parihAni ke pAgama yathAvat bane raheM, isa abhiprAya se ekAdazAMgI sahita sabhI sUtroM ko pustakoM ke rUpa meM lipibaddha karavA kara apUrva dUradarzitA kA paricaya diyaa| Apake dvArA kiye gaye isa anirvacanIya apUrva upakAra ke prati paMcama prAraka kI samApti paryanta ajasra rUpa se calane vAlA prabhu mahAvIra kA caturvidha saMgha pUrNataH RNI rhegaa| . devaddhi janmata: kAzyapa gotrIya kSatriya the| prApako devaddhi kSamAzramaNa aura devavAcaka, ina do nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| pApa kSAnti, dhIratA'pratyamahatyasAriNa, susamaNavakkhANakahaNanivvANi / payaIe maharavAriMga, payamo paNamAmi dUsaraNa / 44 // tavaniyamasaJcasaMjama, vinnyjjvkhNtimhbryaannN| . sIlaguNagahiyANaM, aNuprogajugappahoNANaM // 48 // [naMdI sthavirAvalI] 2 sukumAlakomalatale, tesi paNamAmi lkmrnnpstye| . . pAe pAvayapINaM, paricthyasayaehiM pariNavaie // 4 //

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676 - jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [devadi kSamAzramaNa gambhIratA prAdi gaNoM ke dhAraka, eka pUrva ke jJAtA evaM prAcAraniSTha samartha vAcanAcArya the| jaisA ki kalpa sthavirAvalI ke anta kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM kahA gayA hai : suttattharayaNabharie, khamadamamaddava gaNehiM saMpanne / devaDDhikhamAsamaNe, kAsavagutte pariNavayAmi / / 14 / / devaddhi ke sambandha meM eka AkhyAna pracalita hai| usake anusAra prApakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai : saurASTra prAnta ke vairAvala pATaNa meM ApakA janma huaa| usa samaya vahA~ ke zAsaka mahArAja aridamana the| unake sAmAnya adhikArI kAzyapa gotrIya kArmAddha kSatriya kI patnI kalAvatI kI kukSi se devaddhi kA janma huaa| prApa pUrvajanma meM hariNaMgameSI deva the| mAtA kI kukSi meM jaba Apa garbha rUpa se utpanna hue taba garbha ke prabhAva se kalAvatI ne svapna meM RddhizAlI deva ko dekhA prataH nAmakaraNa ke samaya putra kA nAma devaddhi rakhA gyaa| mAtA-pitA ne bAlaka devaddhi ko samaya para yogya zikSaka ke pAsa par3hAyA aura yuvA hone para do kanyAoM ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyaa| yuvaka devaddhi bacapana kI kusaMgati ke kAraNa AkheTa-krIr3A kA rasika bana gayA aura samaya-samaya para mitroM ke sAtha jaMgala meM zikAra karane jAyA karatA thaa| navotpanna harizaMgameSI deva devaddhi ko sanmArga para lAne hetu vibhinna upAyoM se samajhAne kA prayAsa karane lgaa| eka dina jaba devaddhi mRgayArtha vana meM gayA to usa deva ne usake sammukha bhayaMkara siMha, pIche kI ora gaharI khAI aura donoM ora do bar3e-bar3e daMtazUla vAle baliSTha zUkara khar3e kara diye| devaddhi bhayabhIta ho kara prANa bacAne ke liye idhara-udhara baca nikalane kA prayAsa karane lage to unhoMne dekhA ki unake pairoM ke nIce kI pRthvI kampAyamAna aura Upara se bar3e vega ke sAtha mUsalAdhAra varSA ho rahI hai| usa samaya sahasA devaddhi ke kAnoM meM ye zabda par3e - "aba bhI samajha jA, anyathA terI mRtyu tere sammukha khar3I hai|" bhayavihvala devaddhi ne gir3agir3A kara kahA- "jaise bhI ho sake mujhe bacAo, tuma jaisA kahoge vahI maiM karane ke liye taiyAra huuN|" deva ne tatkAla use uThA kara prAcArya lohitya sUri ke pAsa pahuMcA diyA aura devaddhi bhI AcArya lohitya' kA upadeza suna kara unake pAsa zramaNadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye / garU kI sevA meM nirantara jJAnArAdhana karate hue Apane ekAdazAMgI aura eka pUrva kA jJAna-prApta kara kAlAntara meM prAcArya pada prApta kiyaa| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa pahale gaNAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiye gaye aura tadanantara dUSyagaraNI ke svargagamana ke pazcAt prApako vAcanAcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA / isa kathAnaka ke AdhAra para hI saMbhavataH devati kSamAzramaNa ko mArya lohitya kA ziSya samajhane kI mAnyatA pracalita huI pratIta hotI hai| [sampAdaka]

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devaddhi kSamAzramaNa] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNe 677 ___ kucha lekhaka Apako dRSyagaNI kA ziSya mAna kara unakA uttarAdhikArI vAcanAcArya batAte haiM aura katipaya lekhaka lohitya kA ziSya evaM uttraadhikaarii| vAstava meM devaddhigaNI kisa paramparA ke aura kisake ziSya the, isa viSaya meM Age vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| paramparA se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne zramaNasaMgha kI anumati se vIra ni. saM. 980 meM ballabhI meM eka vRhat munisammelana kiyA aura usameM AgamavAcanA ke mAdhyama se, jinako jaisA smaraNa thA, use suna kara upalabdha zAstroM ke pAThoM ko vyavasthita kara AgamoM ko pustakArUDha kiyaa| jaisA ki kahA gayA hai : balahipurammi nayare, devaDhipamUhasamaNasaMgheNaM / putthai Agama lihilo, navasaya asiyAno viiraano|| zraddhAluoM dvArA paramparA se yaha mAnyatA abhivyakta kI jA rahI hai ki Apake tapa-saMyama kI viziSTa sAdhanA evaM ArAdhanA se kapardi yakSa, cakrezvarI devI tathA gomukha yakSa sadA ApakI sevA meM upasthita rahate the| prAgamavAcanA athavA lekhana mathurA meM prArya skandila dvArA aura vallabhI meM nAgArjuna dvArA kI gaI AgamavAcanA ke pazcAt 150 varSa se bhI adhika samaya bItane para prAcArya devaddhigaraNI ne vallabhI meM zramaNa saMgha ko ekatra kara zratarakSA kI vicAraNa kii| kahA jAtA hai ki samaya kI viSamatA, mAnasika durbalatA aura medhA kI mandatA Adi kAraNoM se jaba sUtrArtha kA grahaNa, dhAraNa evaM parAvartana kama ho gayA, svayaM devaddhi bhI kapha vyAdhi kI zAnti ke liye prauSadharUpa se lAI gaI soMTha kA sevana karanA bhUla gye| pratilekhana ke samaya soMTha ko nIce girI huI dekha kara unheM smRti huI to prAcArya ne eka muni-pariSada kI prAyojanA kara saMgha ke samakSa vicAra rakhA ki bhAvI manda meghAvI zramaraNoM meM isa prakAra zrutiparamparA se zAstrajJAna kisa taraha akSuNNa raha pAyegA? ataH koI upAya socanA cAhie jisase ki zrutajJAna kA yathAvat rakSaNa ho sake / vicAra-vimarza ke pazcAt saba ne nirNaya kiyA ki vidyamAna zAstroM evaM granthoM ko lipibaddha kara liyA jAya / usa mUni-pariSada kA devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa ne netRtva kiyaa| pariSada meM AgamavAcanA kI gaI athavA zAstra lipibaddha kiye gaye, isa viSaya meM itihAsa lekhaka ekamata nahIM haiM / paramparAnusAra kaI vidvAn ise AgamavAcanA mAnate haiM to katipaya navIna zodhaka ise mAtra Agama-lekhana hii| vAstava meM ise vAcanApUrvaka Agamalekhana kahA jAya to anucita nahIM hogaa| yaha to sunizcita hai ki vIra ni.saM. 180 meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne prAgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA nirNaya kiyaa| unhoMne prathamataH upasthita zramaNoM se AgamoM ke pAThoM ko suna evaM dhyAna meM lekara unheM vyavasthita kiyA aura jahAM kucha vAcanAjanya bheda sAmane AyA, vahAM

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ zrAgamavAcanA pra0 lekhana nAgArjunIyA vAcanA ke jo mahatvapUrNa pATha the, unheM bhI yathAvat vAcanAntara ke rUpa se surakSita kara saba ko pustakAruDha karavAyA / yahAM yaha vicAra ho sakatA hai ki kyA devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se pUrva zAstra lipibaddha nahIM hue the / yadyapi puSTa pramAraNa ke abhAva meM spaSTa rUpa se isa viSaya meM nirNaya karanA saMbhava nahIM hai phira bhI jaina sAhitya meM yatra-tatra katipaya pUrvavartI vidvAnoM dvArA kiye gaye ullekhoM ko dekhate hue yaha saMbhava lagatA hai| ki prArya rakSita ke samaya meM zAstrIya bhAgoM kA kucha abhilekhana prArambha ho gayA ho| kyoMki anuyogadvAra sUtra meM dravyazruta kA nAmollekha karate hue pustaka para likhita sUtra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki kahA hai - "pattayaputthaya lihiyaM"" 678 nizItha cUriMga meM ziSya ke upakArArtha pustaka -paMcaka ke grahaNa kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yathA :- 'sehauggahadhAraNAdi parihAriMga jANiUraNa kAliyasuyaTThA, kAliyasuyanijjuttinimittaM vA putthagaparaNagaM dhippati / . itihAsajJa muni kalyANa vijayajI devaddhigaNI ke pahale Agama-lekhana ke pakSa meM nimna vicAra prastuta karate haiM : "devaddhigaraNI ke pahale yadi zrAgama likhe hue nahIM hote to zranuyogadvAra sUtra meM dravyazruta ke varNana meM 'pustaka likhitazruta' kA ullekha nahIM hotA / isase yaha bAta to nizcita hai ki devaddhigaNI ke samaya se bahuta pahale jaina zAstra likhane kI pravRtti ho calI thI / cheda sUtroM meM sAdhuyoM ko kAlika zruta aura kAlika zruta-niryukti ke liye 5 prakAra kI pustakeM rakhane kA adhikAra diyA gayA hai / " 3 phira mathurA aura vallabhI kI vAcanAtroM meM bhI AgamoM kA saMkalana kara unheM lekhabaddha kiyA gayA isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| jaisA ki hemacandrAcArya ne apane yogazAstra meM kahA hai : . "jinavacanaM ca duSSamAkAlavazAducchinnaprAyamiti matvA bhagavadbhi nAgArjunaskandilAcArya prabhRtibhiH pustakeSu nyastam / ' / "4 isake samarthana meM himavanta sthavi - rAvalI meM ullekha milatA hai ki mathurA nivAsI zrosavaMzIya zramaNopAsaka polAka ne gandhahastikRta vivaraNa ke sAtha saba zAstroM ko tAlapatra Adi para likhA kara sAdhu ko arpita kiyA / 1 anuyogadvAra, dravyazrutAdhikAra sUtra, 34 2 nizIya cUriNa, u. 12 3 vIra nirvANa aura jaina kAla gaNanA, pR. 106 4 yogazAstra, prakAza 3 patra 207 mayurAnivAsinA zramaNo rAsa kavare gauzava zavibhUSaNena polAkAbhidhena tatsakalamapi pravacanaM gaMdhahastikRta vivaraNopetaM tAlapatrAdiSu legvayitvA bhikSubhyaH svAdhyAyArthaM samarpitam / [ himavanta sthavirAvalI, aprakAzita ] 2

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zrAgamavAcanA pra0 lekhana ] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzrama 61 uparokta ullekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna hotA hai ki devaddhigaNI ke sUtra - lekhana se pahale bhI jaina zAstra likhe jAte the / lekhanAraMbha ke nizcita samaya ke sambandha meM to kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA para itanA kaha sakate haiM ki Arya rakSita ke samaya se hI pUrvI ke atirikta zAstrIya bhAga kA alpa pramANa meM lekhana prArambha ho gayA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM / parantu unhoMne sampUrNa zrAgamoM kA lekhana karavAyA ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / zrAgama lekhana ke liye to devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa kA kAla hI sarvasammata mAnA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke samaya meM zAstra ke kucha viziSTa sthaloM kA Alekhana kiyA gayA ho / yadi devaddha kI taraha pahale hI sampUrNa zAstroM kA kisI ne lekhana karavA liyA hotA to zrutarakSaNa hetu unheM isa prakAra ciMtita hone kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'tii| skaMdila ke samaya meM zramaNopAsaka polAka dvArA sampUrNa pravacana ke lekhana kA kathana bhI kisI zAstra vizeSa athavA sthala vizeSa ko lekara hI saMgata ho sakatA hai / devaddha ne apane zrAgama-lekhana kArya meM una likhita bhAgoM ko apane abhyasta pAThoM aura nAgArjunaparamparA ke pAThoM ke sAtha milAkara unheM vyavasthita kiyA hogA / devaddhigaraNI ko isa kArya meM zrArya kAlaka kA pUrNa sahayoga prApta huA aura isa prakAra donoM vAcanAoM ko eka saMyukta rUpa dene meM zrAcArya devaddha ne saphalatA prApta kI / isa prakAra grAgamalekhana ko pramukha mAnate hue bhI donoM vAcanAnoM ke pAThoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai / ataH ise 'vAcanA ke sAtha Agamalekhana' kahanA hI ucita hogA / duSSamAzramaraNasaMghastotra yaMtra kI prati meM eka gAthA upalabdha hotI hai - vAlabbhasaMghakajje, ujjamiyaM jugapahAraNatullehiM / gaMdhavvavAiveyAla, saMtisUrIhi balahIe // 2 // gAthA meM batAyA gayA hai ki yugapradhAna tulya gandharva - vAdi vaitAla zAntisUri ne vAlabhya saMgha ke kArya hetu vallabhI nagarI meM udyoga kiyA / gAthA meM Aye hue "vAlabbhasaMghakajje ujjamiya" isa pada para se kucha vidvAn yaha prAzaMkA abhivyakta karate haiM ki donoM vAcanAtroM ko saMyukta kara eka rUpa dene meM donoM vargoM ke bIca saMgharSa huA aura usa samaya vAlabhya saMgha arthAt nAgArjunIya paramparA ke zramaraNasaMgha meM pracalita vAcanA ko manavAne ke liye zAntisUri ne apanI pUrI zakti lagAI / para hamAre vicAra se isa prakAra kI AzaMkA karanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA / kAraraNa ki Arya skaMdila aura prArya nAgArjana kI vAcanAeM jo donoM ke svargastha hone ke kAraNa eka nahIM kI jA sakIM, unako eka rUpa dene ke liye donoM paramparAoM ke zramaNoM ne sadbhAvapUrvaka AcArya devaddhi ke netRtva meM muni-pariSada kI / aisI sthiti meM vivAda kI AzaMkA karanA vastutaH unakI sadbhAvanA ko bhulAnA hogA / vAcanA ko eka rUpa dene kI bhAvanA hI unake anAgraha bhAva ko prakaTa karatI hai / phira jisa pariSad ke netA Arya devaddhi evaM bhAyeM 'kAlaka jaise pramukha zramaNa hoM, vahAM zAstrIya pAThoM ko lene na lene jaise mahatvapUrNa

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jaina kA maulika itihAsa-visIya bhAga [mAgama vA0mA lekhana prazna para durAgraha athavA saMgharSa kI saMbhAvanA hI kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai ? saMbhava hai 'vAlabhya saMgha ke liye kArya kiyA'-isakA abhiprAya vallabhI meM mile hue donoM paramparAmoM ke zramaNasaMgha kA mAgama lekhana kArya hI iSTa ho aura zAnti sUri ne mAgama lekhana aura pATha nirdhAraNa ke kArya meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA ho| dekhi maura devavAcaka devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kI guru paramparA kA nirNaya karane se pahale yaha dekha lenA mAvazyaka hai ki devadi kSamAzramaNa hI devavAcaka haiM athavA donoM bhinna-bhinna / yadyapi yaha sarvavidita hai ki devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa vallabhI meM huI aMtima AgamavAcanA ke sUtradhAra aura nandIsUtra ke racanAkAra the, para nandIsUtra kI TIkA meM prAcArya haribhadra evaM malayagirI ne tathA nandIsUtra kI cUriNa meM cUriNakAra jinadAsa ne nandIsUtra ke racayitA ke rUpa meM duSyagaraNI ke ziSya devavAcaka kA ullekha kiyA hai|' isase devavAcaka paura devadigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke bhinna-bhinna hone kI bhrAMti ho sakatI hai| kintu vibhinna granthakAroM evaM itihAsakAroM ke vicAroM kA adhyayana karane ke pazcAt hama isI niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki devavAcaka aura devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa do nahIM apitu do nAma ke eka hI prAcArya the| pUrvAcAryoM ne vAdI, kSamAzramaNa, divAkara aura vAcaka ina zabdoM ko ekArthavAcaka batAyA hai| pUrvagata zruta ke jAnakAra ke liye ina zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se devaddhigaraNI kSamAzramaNa aura devavAcaka donoM zabda do bhinna vyaktivAcaka nahIM hote / yaha to eka nissaMdigdha tathya hai ki devaddhigaraNI kSamAzramaNa apane samaya ke eka labdhapratiSTha mahAn gaNanAyaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha eka samartha vAcanAcArya bhI the / saMbhava hai unake vAcanAcArya pada kI abhivyakti kI dRSTi se unake nAma ke prathama do akSaroM- "deva" ke sAtha vAcaka zabda jor3a kara "devaddhigaNI vAcaka" ke sthAna para inakA saMkSipta nAma devavAcaka rakha diyA gayA ho| devavAcaka nAma ke sAtha hI sAtha gaNadhara ke rUpa meM unakI adhika prasiddhi hone ke ' (ka) ka evamAha - dUSyagaNi ziSyo devavAcaka iti gaathaarthH| [nandI, hAribhadrIyA vRtti, pR0 20] (kha) deyavAcako'SikRtAdhyayanaviSayabhUtasya jJAnasya prarUpaNAM kurvanidamAha- .. (vahI, pR0 23] (ga) tata prAcAryo'pi devavAcakanAmA jJAnapaMcakaM vyAcikhyAsuH..... tIthaMkRtstutimabhidhAtumAha [zrI malayagirIyA nandIvRttiH patra 2] (gha) dUSyagaNipAdopase vi pUrvAntargatasUtrArthadhArako devavAcako yogyavineyaparIkSAM kRtvA sampratyadhikRtAdhyayana viSayasya jJAnasya prarUpaNAM vidaghAti- [vahI, patra 65 (1)] (i) dUsagariNasIso devavAvago sAdhujaNa hiyaTThAe iNamAha- [nandI cUNi, pR0 10] 2 vAI ya kha mAsamaraNe, divAyare vAyagati egaTThA / puvvagammi mune, ee saddA paujati / / [purAtana prAcArya]

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sAmAnya pUrvaghara - kAla: devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa 681 devaddhi zraura devavAcaka ] kAraNa unakA dUsarA nAma devadvigaraNI kSamAzramaraNa athavA devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa hI vyavahAra meM bolA jAtA rahA ho to koI zrAzcarya nahIM / vAcakavaMza kI paramparA meM prAcArya dRSyagaNI ke pazcAt jo 25veM prAcArya devavAcaka mAne gaye haiM, ve koI anya nahIM, devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa hI ho sakate haiM / jaisA ki jayasiMha sUrikRta dharmopadeza mAlA meM gaNadhara aura vAcanAcAryoM meM devaddhagaraNI ko hI prArya jambU se 24veM AcArya honA batAyA hai / yaha koI nirI kalpanA nahIM apitu isa tathya kI puSTi karane vAle aneka pramANa haiM ki devaddhagaraNI kSamAzramaraNa kA hI dUsarA nAma devavAcaka thA / karmagrantha kI svopajJa vRtti meM devendrasUri ne avadhijJAna ke bheda ke vivecana meM nandIsUtragata pada kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai :- "yadAha devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa: - " se kiM taM araNAragugAmiyamityAdi / " " - arthAt - nandIsUtra meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne kahA hai"vaha anAnugAmI kyA hai ? ityAdi / yadi devavAcaka aura devaddhi do bhinna prAcArya hote to devendrasUri vastutaH devavAcaka ke sthAna para devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ko nandI sUtra kA racanAkAra nahIM batAte / phira dUsarA pramAraNa yaha hai ki devavAcaka yadi devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa se bhinna koI dUsare hI zrAcArya hote to skandilAcArya kI vAcanA kA pratinidhitva bhI devavAcaka ko hI milanA cAhiye thA na ki devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ko / parantu sthiti isase sarvathA viparIta hai / yaha eka sarvasammata tathya hai ki vallabhI vAcanA meM nAgArjunIyA vAcanA ke pratinidhi prAcArya nAgArjuna kI paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI prAcArya kAlaka (caturtha) aura skandilI ( mAthurI) vAcanA ke pratinidhi zrArya skandila kI paramparA ke uttarAdhikArI prAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa mAne gaye haiM / isase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki devaddha kSamAzramaraNa hI devavAcaka haiM, bhinna nahIM / merutuMga kI sthavirAvalI meM bhI yaha ullekha hai ki devaddhigaraNI ne siddhAntoM ko vinAza se bacAne ke liye pustakArUDha kiyA / 2 inhoMne apanI sthavirAvalI meM bhI paTTakrama kA nirdeza karate hue zrI bhUtadinna, lohitya, dRSyagaNI aura devaddhigaNIisa prakAra dRSyagaraNI ke pazcAt spaSTarUpeNa devaddhigaraNI kA ullekha kiyA hai / daa kSamAzramaraNa kI guru-paramparA devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kI guru-paramparA ke viSaya meM itihAsajJa ekamata nahIM haiM / kucha vidvAn kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra devaddhi ko suhastI zAkhA ke 1 (ka) yadAha bhagavAn devaddha kSamAzramaNa :- nAraNaM paMcavihaM pannattamityAdi / yadAha devaddhavAcaka :- se ki taM mainAraNetyAdi / (kha) yadAhunirdalitAjJAnasaMbhAraprasarA devaddhivAcakabarA : taM samAso cauvihaM pannattamityAdi / [ prA0 devendrasUrikRta karmagrantha-svopajJavRtti ] 2 zrI vIrAdanu saptaviMzatamaH puruSo devagiriNa. siddhAntAn gravyavacchedAya pustakAdhirUDhAnakArSIt / [merasaMgIyA yerAvalI, TIkA, 5]

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682 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [devaddhi ko guru-paramparA Arya SAMDilya ke ziSya batA rahe haiM aura dUsare nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI, jinadAsa racita cUNi, hAribhadrIyA vRtti, malaya girIyA TIkA aura merUtuMgIyA vicArazreNI ke AdhAra para devaddhi ko dRSyagaraNI kA ziSya batAte haiN| tIsarA pakSa devadi ko Arya lauhitya ke ziSya hone kA bhI ullekha karatA hai| ina vibhinna vicAroM meM se yaha nirNaya karanA hai ki vAstava meM devaddhi kisa paramparA ke aura kinake ziSya the| itihAsa ke vizeSajJa muni zrI kalyANavijayajI prAdi lekhakoM ne inako suhastI-paramparA ke Arya SAMDilya kA ziSya mAnya kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI devaddhi kI garvAvalI nahIM apitu yuga pradhAnAvalI hai, devaddhi kI garvAvalI to kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI hai| apane isa mantavya kI puSTi meM unhoMne kahA hai ki kalpasUtrastha sthavirAvalI meM pAMDilya ke pazcAt kucha gAthAeM dekara devaddhi ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai| ___ kalpa sthavirAvalI ke gadya pATha ke antima sUtra meM Arya dharma ke antevAsI kAzyapagotrIya Arya SAMDilya batAye gaye haiN| isake pazcAt 14 gAthAmoM se katipaya prAcAryoM ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai| unameM phalgumitra se kAzyapagotrIya dharma taka to pAThagata sthaviroM kI hI vandanA kI gaI hai| tadanantara (1) sthavira Arya jambU, (2) prArya nandiyamapiya, (3) mADharagotrIya Arya desigaNI, (4) sthiragupta kSamAzramaNa, (5) sthavira kumAra dharma, aura (6) devaddhikSamAzramaNa kAzyapagotrIya ko praNAma kiyA gayA hai| basa yahI kalpamtrIya sthavirAvalI ko devaddhi ko guvavilI mAnane kA prAdhAra mAnA hai| sthavirAvalI ke anya prAcAryoM kI taraha jambU Adi sthaviroM ke liye yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki ye kinake antevAsI the / gAthAoM kI zailI aura unameM phalgumitra prAdi kucha prAcAryoM ke nAmoM kA punarAvartana kara vandana karane se pratIta hotA hai ki pIche ke kisI lekhaka ne bhaktivaza jamva Adi pATha prAcAryoM ko vandana kara antima gAthA meM devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa kA nAma bhI jor3a diyA hai| sthavirAvalI ke mUlapATha meM to inakA kahIM ullekha taka nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM kevala devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ne kalpasUtra kA saMkalana kiyA aura usakI sthavirAvalI meM prArya dharma ke antevAsI pArya pAMDilya kA antima nAma hai, yahI eka pAMDilya ko devaddhi ke guru mAnane kA AdhAra ho sakatA hai| anyathA kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI meM aisA koI ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, jina para se ki devaddhi ke guru kA spaSTala: nirNaya kiyA jA sake / ___ gAthAoM meM nirdiSTa prAcAryakrama ke AdhAra se yadi devaddhi kI guru paramparA mAnya kI jAya to sthavira kumAra dharma ko devadi kA gurU mAnanA hogaa| kyoMki kumAra dharma kI vandanA ke pazcAt devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ko praNipAta kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH kalpa sthavirAvalI kI anta kI gAthAnoM meM devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke AsapAsa kahIM pAMDilya kA nAmollekha bhI nahIM hai| hama nahIM samajha pAte ki aisI sthiti meM devaddhi ko prArya pANDilya kA ziSya kisa prAdhAra para batAyA jAtA hai / thavi rAvalI ko gaharAI se dekhane para bhI prArya pANDilya ko devaddhi kA guru mAnane

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devaddha kI guru paramparA ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 683 kA koI kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA / Arya SANDilya yadi devaddha ke guru hote to avazya unake prati kucha viziSTa zabdoM dvArA vandana pUrvaka guru bhAva vyakta kiyA jAtA / munizrI kI kalpanA ke anusAra yadi devaddhigaraNI Arya suhastI kI zAkhA ke prAcArya hote to naMdIsUtrastha sthavirAvalI ke samAna hI kalpasUtrastha sthavirAvalI meM bhI pratyeka zrAcArya kA vizeSa stutipUrvaka paricaya diyA jAtA / para vastutaH kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI meM vaisA na kara, amuka sthavira kA antevAsI amuka, kevala itanA hI paricaya diyA gayA hai / nandIsUtrIyA sthavirAvalI meM pratyeka prAcArya ko vaMdana aura SAMDilya ke pazcAt adhikAMza AcAryoM kA stutipUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / isake viparIta kalpa kI sthavirAvalI meM Adi se aMta taka itanA hI batAyA gayA hai ki kauna kisakA ziSya thA / antima sUtra meM - "the rassa diyA hai| isa NaM prajja dhammassa kAsavaguttassa prajja saMDille there aMte vAkya se kevala itanA hI abhivyakta hotA hai ki sthavira prAyaM dharma ke aMtevAsI zrArya pANDilya the / isake Age 14 gAthAoM dvArA 17veM sthavira phalgumitra se 32 veM Arya dharma taka kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| aMta meM jambU prAdi 6 prAcAryoM kA smaraNa kara kisI anyakartRka gAthA se devaddhi kA smaraNapUrvaka vaMdana kiyA gayA hai / kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI guru-ziSya kramavAlI hone aura SAMDilya ke pazcAt anyakartRka gAthA dvArA devaddhi ko vandana karane mAtra se hI yaha anumAna kara lenA ki sUtra ke lekhaka prAcArya ( devaddhi) kI bhI yahI guru-paramparA hai aura sthavirAvalI ke antima AcArya pANDilya unake dIkSA- guru haiM, ucita nahIM / zrArya sthavira vANDilya yadi devaddhi ke guru hote to avazya hI kucha viziSTa vizeSaraNoM se unakA dRSyagaNI ke samAna paricaya diyA jAtA / aisI sthiti meM nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI ko mAthurI vAcanAnugata yugapradhAna sthavirAvalI zrathavA vAcakavaMza paTTAvalI kaha kara use devaddha kI gurvAvalI na mAnanA na to koI sayauktika hI hai aura na kisI pramANa dvArA puSTa hI / -- yaha ThIka hai ki nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM mukhya rUpa se vAcakavaMza kI paramparA prastuta kI gaI hai aura isaliye kahIM-kahIM gurubhAI evaM gaNAntara ke prAcArya kA bhI vahAM vAcaka rUpa se ullekha ho gayA hai para isakA yaha artha nahIM ki usameM guru-ziSya kA krama sarvathA hI nahIM hai / prAcArya nandila se Age ke sabhI nAma nandI kI sthavirAvalI meM bhI prAyaH guru-ziSya krama se hI diye gaye haiM / zrArya sudharmA aura jambU jaise zivaMgata prAcAryoM aura anya viziSTa zrutadharoM kA kalpa kI taraha yahAM bhI nAmamAtra se smaraNa kara bhUtadina aura dRSyagaraNI kA tIna aura do gAthAoM se abhivAdana kara unake caraNoM meM praNAma kiyA gayA hai| binA viziSTa anurAga aura bhakti ke isa prakAra guNagAnapUrvaka caraNavandana saMbhava nahIM hotA / nizcaya hI isa prakAra ke abhivAdana ke pIche grAcArya kA koI viziSTa abhiprAya honA cAhiye aura vaha viziSTa abhiprAya zikSA-dIkSA yAdi upakAra

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684 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [devaddhi ko guru-paramparA janya gurubhakti ke atirikta anya nahIM ho sktaa| devaddhi dvArA naMdI sthavirAvalI kI 40vIM evaM 41vIM gAthAnoM meM prAcArya dUSyagaNI ke prazasta lakSaNa yukta komalasukumAra caraNoM kA jisa rUpa meM varNana karate hue vaMdana kiyA gayA hai, usa prakAra kA varNana kisI sAkSAt draSTA zraddhAlu dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi devaddhi suhastI kI paramparA ke vAcaka hote to ve avazya hI kalpastha sthavirAvalI meM bhI aisI stuti-paraka gAthA dvArA SAMDilya ke guNoM ke ullekhapUrvaka unakA abhivAdana krte| para vahAM aisA dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| kalpa sthavirAvalI ke anta meM jo devaddhi ke liye stutiparaka gAthA dI gaI hai, vaha bhI anyakartRka hone ke kAraNa guruparamparA kA nirNaya karane meM prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ___ ina saba tathyoM para taTastha gaveSaka kI dRSTi se gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para devaddhi ko dUSyagaNI kA ziSya mAnanA hI ucita pratIta hotA hai / dUSyagaNI ke sAtha devagiNI kA gaNIpadAnta nAma bhI donoM ke bIca guru-ziSya jaisA nikaTa sambandha sUcita karatA hai| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ko paramparA se ugravihArI evaM dRDhAcArI mAnA jAtA hai| jaisA ki eka prAcIna gAthA dvArA prakaTa hotA hai - . devaDDikhamAsamaNajA; paraM paraM bhAvo viyANemi / siDhilAyAre ThaviyA, damveNa paraMparA bahuhA / ' arthAt - devaddhi kSamAzramaNa paryaMta prAcAra mArga kI bhAva-paramparA calatI rhii| unake pazcAt zithilAcAra ke kAraNa dravya-paramparA kA bAhulya ho gyaa| uparokta gAthA ke nirdezAnusAra devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kA bhAvaparamparAnugAmI rukha bhI unakA mahAgirIyA paramparA ke prAcArya honA pramANita karatA hai| kucha varSa pahale nandI sUtra kI prastAvanA meM hamane devaddhi ke liye suhastI kI paramparA ke prAcArya hone kA ullekha kiyA thA kintu vartamAna ke anusandhAna se Aja isI nirNaya para pahuMcate haiM ki devaddhi kSamAzramaNa donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya hone para bhI vAcaka dRSyagaraNI ke hI ziSya hone caahie| saMbhava hai ki prArya devaddhi viziSTa zrutadhara evaM sarvapriya udAramanA AcArya hone ke kAraNa donoM hI paramparAmoM meM samAna rUpa se sammAna-prApta mAne gaye hoN| isake uparAnta bhI nandI sthavirAvalI ko ekAntataH mahAgirI kI hI paramparA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, isameM suhastI kI zAkhA ke nAgArjuna jaise AcAryoM ke nAma bhI sammilita haiN| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI isameM mahAgiri kI paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI pradhAnatA evaM bAhulya hone ke kAraNa nandI sthavirAvalI ko labdhapratiSTha prAcAryoM dvArA TIkA cUNi Adi meM mahAgiryAvalikA hI mAnA gayA hai| dUSyagaNI mahAgirI kI zAkhA ke prAcArya haiM, ataH devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ko bhI prAcArya mahAgirI kI zAkhA ke hI prAcArya mAnanA yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki TIkAkAra malayagiri ne kahA hai - ' Agama aSTottarI Pie

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685 devaddhi ko guru-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ... "suhasti se susthita-supratibuddhAdi krama se calane vAlI prAvalikA dazAzruta skandha ke anusAra khanI caahie| yahAM (nandI sUtra meM) usakA adhikAra nahIM hai| prastuta adhyayana ke racanAkAra devaddhi kA usameM (kalpa sthavirAvalI meM) prabhAva hai isaliye yahAM mahAgirI kI prAvalikA se hI prayojana hai|" isa prakAra TIkAkAra prAcArya ne spaSTa kara diyA hai ki kalpasthavirAvalI meM devaddhi (devavAcaka) kA nAma nahIM hai, aisI sthiti meM dUSyagaraNI ko devaddhi ke dIkSA-guru mAnane meM aura devaddhigaNI ko mahAgiri kI zAkhA ke vAcanAcArya mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotii| cUNikAra jinadAsagaNI ne bhI spaSTa likhA hai - "dUsagaNi sIso devavAyago gAdhugaNa hiyaTThAe innmaah|"2 / ___ saMbhava hai kalpasUtrIya sthavirAvalI ke aMta meM prAI huI gAthAoM meM nirdiSTa desigaraNI pada dRSyagaNI kA hI bodhaka ho| AcArya merutuMga ne bhI apanI sthavirAvalI meM vRddha saMpradAya kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai :- "sthUlabhadra" ke do ziSya hae, Arya mahAgiri aura Arya suhstii| unameM se prArya mahAgiri kI zAkhA mukhya hai / 3 isase Age AcArya merutuMga ne aura bhI spaSTa karate hue do gAthAoM dvArA balissaha Adi krama se mahAgiri paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI nAmAvalI prastuta kI hai| usameM dUSyagaNI ke sAtha devaddhi kA nAma anta meM diyA gayA hai| ve gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM : sUri balissahasAI, sAmajjo saMDilo ya jiiydhro| ajjasamuddo maMgU, naMdillo nAgahatthI ya / / revai-siMho khaMdila himavaM nAgajjuraNA goviMdA / siri bhUidinna-lohicca-dUsagarigaNo ya devaDDI / / yahAM yaha anamAna karanA ki merutaMga aura malayagiri ke ullekhoM kA koI Thosa AdhAra nahIM hai - ThIka nhiiN| unake pIche mahAgiri paramparA ke vAcakoM kA guru-ziSya krama se ullekha karane vAlI nandI-sthavirAvalI kI gAthAoM kA puSTa evaM spaSTa pramANa vidyamAna hai| prAcArya merutaMga ne aisA prAnane kA AdhAra jo vRddha sampradAya batAyA hai, usakA artha kiMvadantI rUpa nahIM kintu merutaMga ke samakSa pUrvAcAryoM kI aisI paramparA vidyamAna thI, aisA mAnanA caahie| binA kisI puSTa pramANa ke kevala kalpanA ke AdhAra para malayagiri aura merutuMga kI mAnyatA ko aprAmANika mAnane kA koI kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| ' thUlabhaddassa aMtevAsI imaM do therA-mahAgiri elAvaccasagotte suhtthiivaasiddhsgott| suhatthissa suTThitasupaDibuddhAdayo prAvalIte jahA dasAsu (ma0 8 sUtraM 210) tahA bhAriNatamvA, ihaM tehiM ahigAro patthi, mahAgirissa prAvalIe adhikaaro| [naMdI cUNi, puNya vijayajI, pR0 8] 2 naMdI cUNi, pR0 10. 3 atra cAyaM vRddha sampradAyaH-sthUlabhadrasya ziSyadvayam-1 prArya mahAgiriH, 2 mArya suhastI c| tatra Arya mahAgireryA zAkhA sA mukhyA / [merutuMgIyA vicArazreNiH ]

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. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [devaddhi kI guru-paramparA prArya mahAgiri aura suhastI kI zAkhAmoM meM bar3e hone ke kAraNa mahAgiri kI zAkhA ko 'vRddhazAkhaH' kahA jAnA ucita hI hai| jaisA ki vidhipakSa paTTAvalI meM prAcArya devaddhi kI vandanA karate hue kahA gayA hai - vIrassa sattabIse, paTTe suttattharayaNasiMgAraM / devaDDikhamAsamaNaM, paNamAmi ya vuDDasAhAe / / 21 / / ' arthAt - vRddha zAkhA meM prabhu mahAvIra ke 27veM paTTadhara sUtrArtha ratna ke zRMgAra se suzobhita devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ko namaskAra karatA huuN| vallamI-pariSada kA prAgama-lekhana zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya kI yaha paramparAgata evaM sarvasammata mAnyatA hai ki vartamAna meM upalabdha pAgama devaddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa dvArA lipibaddha karavAye gaye the| lekhanakalA kA prArambha bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke samaya se mAnate hue bhI yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki prAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa se pUrva prAgamoM kA vyavasthita lekhana nahIM kiyA gyaa| purAtana parAmparA meM zAstravAraNI ko paramapavitra mAnane ke kAraNa usakI pavitratA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke liye prAgamoM ko zrataparamparA se kaNThAgra rakhane meM hI zreya samajhA jAtA rhaa| pUrvakAla meM isIliye zAstroM kA pustakoM athavA pannoM para pAlekhana nahIM kiyA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki taba taka zruta nAma se hI zAstroM kA ullekha kiyA jAtA rahA / jaina paramparA hI nahIM vaidika paramparA meM bhI yahI dhAraNA pracalita rahI aura usI ke phalasvarUpa veda vedAMgAdi zAstroM ko zrati ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA rahA / jaina zramaNoM kI anArambhI manovatti ne yaha bhI anubhava kiyA ki zAstra-lekhana ke pIche bahata sI khaTapaTeM karanI hoNgii| kAgaja. kalama, masI aura masipAtra prAdi lAne, rakhane tathA samhAlane meM prArambha evaM pramAda kI vRddhi hogii| aisA soca kara hI ve lekhana kI pravRtti se bacate rahe / para jaba dekhA ki ziSyavarga kI dhAraNA-zakti uttarottara kSINa hotI calI jA rahI hai, zAstrIya pAThoM kI smRti ke prabhAva se zAstroM ke pATha-parAvartana meM bhI grAlasya tathA saMkoca hotA jA rahA hai, binA likhe zAstroM ko surakSita nahIM rakhA jA sakegA ,zAstroM ke na rahane se jJAna nahIM rahegA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM adhikAMza jIvana viSaya, kaSAya evaM pramAda meM vyartha hI calA jAyagA, zAstra-lekhana ke dvArA paThana-pAThana ke mAdhyama se jIvana meM ekAgratA bar3hAte hue pramAda ko ghaTAyA jA sakegA aura jJAnaparamparA ko bhI zatAbdiyoM taka abAdha rUpa se surakSita rakhA jA sakegA, taba zAstroM kA lekhana sampatra kiyA gayA / isa prakAra saMgha ko jJAnahAni aura pramAda se bacAne ke liye saMtoM ne zAstroM ko lipibaddha karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| jaina paramparAnamAra yArya rakSita evaM Arya skandila ke samaya meM kucha zAstrIya bhAgoM kA lekhana prArambha hugrA mAnA ' bhAbasAgara kI 'vidhipakSa padAvalI' /

Page #817
4.-pari0 kA pAgama le0] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 687 gayA hai| kintu prAgamoM kA suvyavasthita sampUrNa lekhana to AcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa dvArA vallabhI meM hI sampanna kiyA jAnA mAnA jAtA hai| devadi ke samaya meM kitane va kauna-kauna se zAstra lipibaddha kara liye gaye evaM unameM se prAja kitane usI rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM, pramAraNAbhAva meM yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| "prAgama putthaya lihiyo" isa paramparAgata anuzruti meM sAmAnya rUpa se Agama pustaka rUpa meM likhe gaye - itanA hI kahA gayA hai / saMkhyA kA kahIM koI ullekha taka bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| arvAcIna pustakoM meM 84 pAgama aura aneka granthoM ke pustakArUDha karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| naMdIsUtra meM kAlika aura utkAlika zruta kA paricaya dete hue kucha nAmAvalI prastuta kI hai| bahuta sambhava hai devadi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya meM ve zruta vidyamAna hoM aura unameM se adhikAMza sUtroM kA devaddhi garaNI kSamAzramaNa ne lekhana karavA liyA ho| nandIsUtrAnusAra kAlika evaM utkAlika sUtroM kI saMkhyA nimna prakAra hai :-- utkAlika suya (dhuta) 1. dasaveyAliyaM 16. sUrapaNNattI 2. kappiyAkappiyaM 17. porisimaMDala 3. cullakappasuyaM 18. maMDalapavesa 4. mahAkappasuyaM 16. vijjAcaraNaviriNacchayo 5. uvavAiya 20. gaNivijjA 6. rAyapaseragaiya 21. jhAraNavibhattI 7. jIvAbhigama 22. maraNavibhattI 8. pannavaraNA 23. prAyavisohI 6. mahApannavaraNA 24. vIyarAgasuyaM 10. pamAyappamAya 25. saMleharaNAsuyaM 11. naMdI 26. vihArakappo 12. aNuprogadArAI 27. caraNavihi 13. devindathava 28. pAurapaccakkhAraNa 14. taMdulaveyAliya 26. mahApaccakkhANa, Adi 15. caMdAvijjaya kAlika suya (zruta) 12 aMga 1. pAyAro 7. uvAsagadasAyo 2. suyagaDo 8. aMtagaDadasAmro 3. ThANaM 6. araguttarova vAiyadasAmro 4. samavApro 10. paNhAvAgaraNAI 5. vivAhapaNNattI 11. vivAga suyaM 6. nAyAdhammakahAno 12. diThivAo (vicchinna)

Page #818
688 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga 1. uttarajbhayaraNA iM 2. dasA 3. kappo 4. vavahAro 5. nisIha 6. mahAnisIha 7. isibhAsiyAI 8. jaMbUdIvapaNNattI 6. dIvasAgarapaNNattI 10. caMdapaNNattI 11. khur3iyAvimAraNapavibhattI 12. mahalliyA vimAraMgapavibhattI 13. aMgacUliyA 14. vivAha cUliyA 15. aruNovavA 16. varuNovavAe 17. garulovavAe 18. dharaNovavAe 1 AcArAMga 2 sUtrakRtAMga 3 sthAnAMga 4 samavAyAMga 5 bhagavatI 6 jJAtAdharmakathAMga 1 propapAtika 2 rAjapraznIya 3 jIvAbhigama 4 prajJApanA 5 jambUdvIpaprajJapti 6 candra prajJapti isa prakAra kula 75 zruta batAye gaye haiM / zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA dvArA vartamAna meM 45 zrAgama mAne jAte haiM para sthAnakavAsI aura terApantha paramparA meM 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 4 cheda aura 1 zrAvazyaka isa prakAra 32 zAstroM ko prAmANika mAnate haiM / 45 sUtroM kI saMkhyA isa prakAra hai : 11 aMga : 16. vesavaNovavAe 20. velaMdharovavAe 21. devendovavAe 22. uTThAraNasuyaM 23. samuTThAraNasuyaM 24. nAgapariyAvaliyAno 25. nirayAvaliyAmro 26. kappiyA 27. kappavaDaMsiyA 28. puphiyAo 26. pupphacUliyAno 30. vahidA 12 upAMga : 31. zrAsIvisabhAvaraNAraNaM 32. diTThivibhAvaraNANaM 33. sumiraNabhAvaNAraNaM 34. mahAsumiraNabhAvaraNA 35. teyagginisaggANaM [ kAlikazruta 7 upAsakadazAMga aMtakRtadazAMga 6 anuttaropapAtikadazAMga 10 praznavyAkaraNa 11 vipAka zruta 7 sUraprajJapti 8 kalpikA C kalpAvataM sikA 10 puSpikA 11 puSpacUlikA 12 vRSNidazA

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prakIrNaka pAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 686 10 prakIrNaka :1 catuzzaraNa prakIrNaka 6 candravidyaka 2 aAtura pratyAkhyAna 7 devendrastava 3 bhakta pratyAkhyAna 8 gariNavidyA 4 saMstAra prakIrNaka 6 mahApratyAkhyAna 5 taMdula vaicArika 10 maraNasamAdhi 6 chevasUtra :1 nizItha 4 vyavahAra 2 mahAnizItha 5 dazAzrutaskaMdha 3 vRhatkalpa 6 jItakalpa 1 dazavaikAlikasUtra 2 uttarAdhyayana 3 anuyogadvAra 4 nandIsUtra 2palikA 1 propaniyukti - 2 piNDaniyukti kucha lekhaka nandI aura anuyogadvAra sUtra ko cUlikA mAnate haiM / 1. prAvazyaka inameM se 10 prakIrNaka, aMtima 2 khedasUtra aura 2 cUlikAmoM ke tirikta 32 sUtroM ko sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMtha sampradAya mAnya karatI haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 ko prAmANika svIkAra karatI hai| nandIsUtra-gata kAlika utkAlika sUtroM kI tAlikA meM 10 meM se 4 prakIrNaka, 2 chedasUtra evaM 2 cUlikAeM (moniyukti, piNDaniyukti) nahIM haiM aura RSibhASita kA nAma jo ki naMdI sUtra kI tAlikA meM hai, vaha vartamAna 45 prAgamoM kI saMkhyA meM nahIM hai| saMbhava hai 44-45 pAgama aura jyotiSakaraMDaka prAdi vIra ni. saM0 180 meM haI vallabhI pariSada meM likhe gaye hoN| vidvAn itihAsajJa purAtana sAmagrI ke prAdhAra para isa sambandha meM gambhIratApUrvaka gaveSaNA kareM to sahI tathya prakaTa ho sakatA hai| spaSTIkaraNa mUla mUtroM kI saMkhyA aura krama ke sambandha meM vibhinna mAnyatAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne 3 mUla sUtra mAne haiM to kahIM 4 kI saMkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| krama kI dRSTi se uttarAdhyayana ko pahalA sthAna de kara phira Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika batAyA gayA hai jaba ki dUsarI ora uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika aura Avazyaka isa prakAra mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA tIna kI gaI hai| piNDaniyukti

Page #820
690 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga spaSTIkaraNa tathA, kahIM-kahIM piNDaniyukti aura propaniyukti ko saMyukta mAna kara cAra kI saMkhyA mAnI gaI hai| sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke anusAra Avazyaka aura piNDaniryakti ke sthAna para naMdI aura anayogadvAra ko milA kara cAra mUla sUtra mAne gaye haiN| jaba ki dUsarI paramparA nandI aura anuyogadvAra ko cUlikA sUtra ke rUpa meM mAnya karatI hai| devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa kA svargagamana aura pUrva-jJAna kA viccheda vAcanAcArya Arya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke janma, zramaNa-dIkSA, gaNAcArya evaM vAcanAcArya-kAla ke sambandha meM koI prAmANika ullekha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| isI prakAra aApake svargAroharaNa-kAla ke sambandha meM bhI koI spaSTa ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| paramparAgata mAnyatAnusAra Arya dervAddha kSamAzramaraNa aMtima pUrvadhara mAne gaye haiN| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai bhagavatI-sUtra ke ullekhAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 1000 varSa pazcAt pUrvajJAna kA viccheda mAnA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM eka prakAra se yaha sunizcita ho jAtA hai ki aMtima pUrvadhara prAcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa vIra ni0 saM0 1000 meM svargastha he| isake uparAnta bhI katipaya paTTAvalIkAroM kA abhimata hai ki aMtima pUrvadhara yUgapradhAnAcArya satyamitra the tathA satyamitra kA vIra ni0 saM0 1000 meM aura devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kA unase pahale vIra ni0 saM0 660 meM svargagamana huaa| 'titthogAliya painnA' kI hastalikhita prati kA adhyayana karate hue hameM do gAthAeM dRSTigocara huIM, jinameM spaSTataH ullekha hai - "bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mokSagamanAmantara 1000 varSa vyatIta ho jAne para antima vAcaka vRSama (vAcanAcArya) ke sAtha pUrvajJAna vilupta ho jaaygaa| varddhamAna bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke 1000 varSa pUrNa hote hI paripATI se jisako jitanA pUrvajJAna prApta hogA, vaha naSTa ho jaaygaa|" ve gAthAeM isa prakAra haiM : volINammi sahasse, varisAraNa vIramokkhagamaNAmro / uttaravAyaga - vasabhe, pUvagayassa bhave chedo||805|| varisa sahasse puNgo, titthogAlIe vaDDhamAraNassa / nAsihi putvagataM, aparivADIe jaM jassa / / 806 / / ina gAthAnoM meM devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa kA nAma to spaSTataH ullikhita nahIM hai parantu prathama gAthA ke - "uttaravAyagavasabhe, puvvagayassa bhave chedo" - ina padoM meM prayukta-'uttara-vAcaka-vRSabha' pada aMtima vAcanAcArya prArya devaddhigaraNI kSamAzramaNa kA hI bodhaka hai| kyoMki samasta jaina vAGamaya meM devaddhi ko hI sarva sammata rUpeNa antima vAcanAcArya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| titthogAlI painnA kI eka gAthA meM prArya satyamitra nAmaka eka munipuMgava ko aMtima dazapUrvadhara batAyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki titthogAlI painnA

Page #821
devadi kA svargagamana | sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 661 kI usa gAthA meM aMtima dazapUrvadhara Aya satyamitra ke liye abhivyakta kiye gaye bhAvoM ko nAma sAmya ke kAraNa 28va yugapradhAnAcAya satyamitra ke sAtha jor3a kara bhrAntivaza paTTAvalokAroM dvArA unha antima pUrvadhara mAna liyA gayA hai / titthogAlI painnA kI pUrvagata zrutaviSayaka gAthAyoM ke samIcInatayA pAlocana se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki satyamitra ko aMtima dazapUrvadhara batAyA gayA hai, na ki aMtima eka pUrvadhara / vIra ni0 saM0 664 se 1001 taka yugapradhAna pada para rahane vAle 28va yugapradhAnAcArya Arya satyamitra yadi aMtima pUrvadhara hote to titthogAlI painA meM aMtima vAcaka-vRSabha (devaddhigaraNI) ko aMtima pUrvadhara na batA kara Arya satyamitra ko batAyA jaataa| pUrva-jJAna ke lupta hone viSayakaM tathA zramaNottama prArya satyamitra se sambandhita titthogAlI painnA kI ve gAthAe isa prakAra haiM : nAmeNa saccamitto, samaNo samaNaguNaniuNa victiyo| hohI apacchimo kira, dasapuvvI dhAro vIro / / 802 / / eyassa puvasuyasArassa, udahivva challa aparimeyassa / surasu jaha atha kAle, parihAraNI dIsate pacchA / / 803 / / puvvasuyatella bharie, vijjhAe saccamitta diivmmi| dhammAvAyanisillo, hohI logo suyanisillo / / 804 / / arthAt - zramaraNa-guNoM kI paripAlanA meM pUrNataH nipuNa satyamitra nAmaka vIra bhramaNa antima dazapUrvadhara hoMge / agAdha udadhi ke samAna chalAchala bhare sArabhUta pUrvazruta kA kAlAntara meM kisa prakAra hrAsa hogA, yaha suniye / pUrvazruta rUpI tela se bhare Arya satyamitra rUpI dIpaka ke bujha jAne para loga (aMdhikAMzataH) dharmAcaraNa evaM zrutArAdhana se virata ho jaayeNge|" aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uparokta gAthA saMkhyA 804 se kisI samaya isa prakAra kI bhrAnti kA janma humA ki satyamitra ke svargagamana ke sAtha hI sampUrNa pUrvajJAna vinaSTa ho gayA aura usake phalasvarUpa loga dharmAcaraNa evaM zrutArAdhana se vihIna ho gaye / vastutaH isa gAyA dvArA antima dazapUrvadhara satyamitra ke svargagamana se huI dharma evaM zruta ko hAni kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, na ki pUre pUrvagata jJAna ke vilupta hone kaa| jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai prAyeM devaddhigaraMgI 'kSamAzramaNa ko hI titthogAlI painnA meM antima pUrvadhara batAte hue spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki unake nidhana ke sAtha hI pUrvagatajJAna vilupta ho jaaygaa| - isa prakAra Upara batAye hue saba tathyoM para vicAra karane se sunizcita rUpeNa yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 680 se lekara paMcama prAraka kI samApti taka ke 20020.varSoM jaise sudIrgha kAla meM hone vAle koTi-koTi zramaNoM, zramariNayoM, zramaraNopAsakoM, zramaNopAsikAmoM evaM sAdhakoM para prAgamalekhana dvArA ananta upakAra karane ke pazcAt antima vAcakavRSabha devaddhi zramAzramaNa vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke samApta hone para svarga sidhaare|

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662 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga 27 kAlakAcArya (caturtha) - yugapradhAnAcArya 26veM yugapradhAnAcArya Arya bhRtadina ke pazcAt Arya kAlaka 27veM yugapradhAna he| caturtha kAlakAcArya' ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se paricaya upalabdha hotA hai : nAgArjuna kI paramparA meM Age cala kara prArya kAlaka hae / unakA janma vIra saM0 111 meM, dIkSA 923 meM, yugapradhAna pada 683 meM aura svargavAsa vIra saM0 664 meM mAnA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM yahI prAcArya kAlaka, caturtha kAlakAcArya ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| vallabhI meM huI antima bhAgama-vAcanA meM jisa prakAra prAcArya skaMdila kI mAthurI-vAcanA ke pratinidhi AcArya devaddhi kSamAzramaNa the, usI prakAra prAcArya nAgArjuna kI vallabhI-AgamavAcanA ke pratinidhi kAlaka sUri (caturtha kAlakA. cArya) the| vallabhI meM vIra ni0 saM0680 meM huI antima prAgamavAcanA meM ina donoM prAcAryoM ne mila kara donoM vAcanAoM ke pAThoM ko milAne ke pazcAt jo eka pATha nizcita kiyA, usI rUpa meM prAja pAgama vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra ke prAcIna ullekha upalabdha haiM ki vIra ni0 saM0 663 meM vallabhI ke rAjA dhruvasena ke rAjakumAra kI mRtyu ho gaI aura zokasaMtapta rAjaparivAra bar3anagara meM nivAsa karane lgaa| kAlakAcArya ne usa varSa vahA~ cAturmAsa kara rAjakuTumba ke zokanivAraNArtha saMgha ke samakSa kalpasUtra kI vAcanA prArambha kii| rAjA ne bhI zoka kA parityAga kara, upAzraya meM prA kalpasUtra kA zravaNa kiyaa| tabhI se saMgha ke samakSa kalpasUtra kA prakaTa rUpa se vAcana hone lagA, jo Aja taka bhI pracalita hai| . prathama aura dvitIya kAlakAcArya kA yathAsambhava pUrNa paricaya yathAsthAna diyA jA cukA hai| prastuta grantha ke pRSTha 474 para kalpasUtrIyA sthavirAvalI ke prAcAryo kI nAmAvalI meM krama saMkhyA 25 para prArya suhastI kI paramparA ke 25veM gaNAcArya prArya kAlaka kA nAma diyA gayA hai| mArya suhastI kI paramparA ke 13veM prAcArya mAvaNa ke pazcAt kalpa. sUtrIyA sthavirAvalI meM jina mAcAryoM ke nAma diye gaye haiM, una prAcAryoM kA paricaya . upalabdha nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prastuta pranya meM una gaNAcAryoM kA nAmollekha ke atirikta koI paricaya nahIM diyA jA sakA hai / prathama, dvitIya evaM caturtha kAlakAcArya kA paricaya prApta karane ke pazcAt sahaja hI pratyeka pAThaka ko tRtIya kAlakAcArya kA paricaya prApta karane kI jijJAsA honA saMbhava hai| para vastutaH tRtIya kAlakAcArya kA kevala itanA hI paricaya upalabdha hai ki ve prArya suhastI kI paramparA ke 25veM gaNAcArya the| bhApa mADhara gotrIya prAyaM viSNu ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara the| prArya kAlaka ke pramukha ziSya kA nAma saMghapAlita thA, jo kalpa-spavirAvalI ke anusAra mApake svargArohaNa ke pazcAt prAyaM suhastI kI paramparA meM 26veM prAcArya bane / ratnasaMcaya prakaraNa (patra 32) kesattasayavIsa ahie, kAligagurU sakkasaMyuNiyo // 57 // isa ullekha ke anusAra mApake gaNAcArya pada para prAsIna hone kA samaya vIra ni.saM. 720 mAnA gayA hai| -sampAdaka

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kAlakAcArya caturthaM ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : devaddha kSamAzramaNa 663 isa prakAra AcArya kAlaka usa samaya ke pradhAna AcArya mAne gaye haiM / duSSamAkAla zramaraNasaMgha - stotra ke anusAra vajrasena ( vIra ni0 saM0 620 ) ke pazcAt 66 varSa nAgahastI, 56 varSa revatImitra, 78 varSa brahmadvIpakasiMha, 78 varSa nAgArjuna, 76 varSa bhUtadina aura tadanantara 11 varSa kAlakAcArya kA prAcAryakAla rahA / tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 664 meM kAlakAcArya kA svargavAsa mAnA gayA hai / vIra ni0 saM0 663 meM kAlakAcArya dvArA caturthI ke dina paryaparaNa parva manAne kI jo bAta kahI jAtI hai, vaha ullekha vastutaH vIra ni0 saM0 457 se 465 ke bIca kisI samaya dvitIya kAlakAcArya dvArA pracalita kiye gaye caturthI - parvArAdhana ke sthAna para madhya kAla meM jo paMcamI ke dina parvArAdhana kA pracalana ho gayA thA, use nirasta kara punaH caturthI - parvArAdhana ko sthira karane kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai / 28 zrayaM satyamitra - yugapradhAnAcArya duSSamAkAla zramaraNasaMghastotra ke anusAra 28veM yugapradhAnAcArya zrArya satyamitra kA dvitIyodaya ke yugapradhAnAcAryoM meM AThavAM sthAna mAnA gayA hai| yugapradhAna kAlakAcArya (caturtha) ke svargagamana ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 964 meM prArya satyamitra 28veM yugapradhAnAcArya hue| zrApakA kevala yahI paricaya upalabdha hotA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 653 meM bhAkA janma huA / vIra ni0 saM0 663 meM zrApane 10 varSa kI bAlyAvasthA meM zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kii| tIsa varSa taka sAmAnya zramaNa-paryAya meM rahane ke anantara vIra ni0 saM0 663 meM prApako yugapradhAnAcArya pada para adhiSThita kiyA gayA / Apane 7 varSa taka yuga pradhAnAcArya ke rUpa meM jina zAsana kI sevA karane ke pazcAt 47 varSa, 5 mAsa aura 5 divasa kI prAyu samAdhipUrvaka pUrNa kara vIra ni0 saM0 1001 meM svargArohaNa kiyA / devaddha kAlIna rAjanaitika sthiti gupta-samrAT skandagupta vikramAditya (vIra ni0 saM0 682 -664) vIra ni0 saM0 682 meM kumAra gupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA bar3A putra skandagupta suvizAla gupta sAmrAjya kA svAmI banA / isakA pahalA abhilekha, jUnAgar3ha kA caTTAna-abhilekha gupta samvat 136 kA aura antima gaDhavA kA zilAlekha gupta saM0 148 kA hai / ina donoM zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha vizvAsa kiyA vayaraseNa 3, nAgahasti 66, revatImitra 56, bahmadIvagasiMha 78, nAgArjuna 78, evaM varSAraNa 604, bhUtadina 76, kAlakAcArya 11 [ duSpamAkAla zramaNa saMghastotra, bhavacuri, paTTA0 samu0 pR0 18 ] 2 dekheM dvitIya kAlakAcArya kA prakaraNa, pR0 517 - 21

Page #824
maina varga kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [devadi kAlIna rA0 sthiti jAtA hai ki skandagupta kA zAsanakAla vIra ni0 saM0 982. se 964 (I0 san 455-467) taka rhaa| skandagupta bar3A hI zUravIra aura pratApI samrAT thA: use jIvana bhara saMgharSarata rahanA pdd'aa| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki skandana ne apane pitA ke zAsanakAla meM puSyamitroM kI bar3I zAkazAlI vizAla senA ko parAsta kara gupta-sAmrAjya kI rakSA kI thii| gupta-sAmrAjya kI bAgaDora samhAlate hI skandagupta ne madhya eziyA se pAye hue barbara hUNa AkrAntAmoM se apanI mAtRbhUmi bhArata kI rakSArtha bar3I vIratA ke sAtha yuddha kiyaa| yUropa aura eziyA ke aneka bhU-bhAgoM ko apane ghor3oM kI TApoM se padadalita karate hue haraNoM ne TivI dala kI taraha bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| eziyA kI bar3I-bar3I rAjasanAroM ko bhU-luNThita karane ke pazcAta haraNa jAti kA saradAra prAMTIlA bar3e garva ke sAtha kahA karatA thA- "jisa bhUmi para mere ghor3e kI TApa eka bAra gira jAyago, usa bhUmi para bAraha varSa paryanta ghAsa taka nahIM uga skegii|" _hUNa sainika, saMkhyA meM atyadhika hone ke sAtha-sAtha nipuNa azvArohA the| unhoMne pralayakAlIna prAMdhI kI taraha bhArata para mAyAma kiyaa| skandagupta apanI mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA ke liye eka sazakta senA nA raNAMgaNa meM hUNoM kI senA se jA bhidd'aa| bar3A bhISaNa yuddha hamA: haraNa sani: bhAratIyoM ke bhISaNa pratirodha se tilamilA uThe kyoMki aba taka pratyeka deza meM vaNDara kI taraha baDhatI huI unakI durdAnta azvArohI senA ko isa prakAra anyatra kahIM nahIM rokA gayA thaa| haraNoM ne apane prAraNoM.kI bAjI lagA kara pUrI zakti ke sAtha Age bar3hane kA prayAsa kiyA / SaNmukha kArtikeya ke samAna skandagupta ne bhAratIya senA kA saMcAlana karate hue AtatAyI hUNa pAkrAntAoM kA saMhAra kiyA aura unheM mAge nahIM bar3hane diyaa| lomaharSaka tumulayuddha meM janadhana kI apAra kSati uThAne ke anantara burI taraha hArA humA hapa saradAra apanI bacI khucI senA ke sAtha raNAMgaNa se bhAga khar3A humaa| aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki bhArata para hue videzI bhAkramaraNoM meM hagoM dvArA kiyA gayA prAkamaNa sabase adhika bhISaNa thaa|' skandagupta ne adbhuta zaurya pora sAhasa ke sAtha durdAnta hUNoM ko parAsta kara bhArata kI eka mahAna saMkaTa se rakSA kii| - yadyapi isa yuddha meM eNoM kI zakti naSTaprAyaH ho cukI.pI tathApi apanI parAjaya kA pratiSoSa lene ke liye haraNoM ne aneka bAra bhArata para pAkramaNa kiye| * haThI hUNa saradAra ne pandraha-pandraha, salaha-solaha varSa kI Ayu ke hUNa kizoroM ko yuddha meM jhauMka yA ghara hara bAra skandagupta ne raNakSetra meM hUmoM ko burI taraha parAjita kiyaa| * apane 12 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM nirantara yuddhoM meM ulajhe rahane ke kAraNa skandagupta kA koSabala pratyadhika kSINa ho cukA thA tathApi usane apane jIvanakAla meM barbara hUNa prAtatAiyoM ko bhArata kI dharatI para mAge nahIM bar3hane diyaa| 'havaMyasya samAgatasya samare bomyA gharA kmpitaa| - [skandagupta kA bhitarI (jilA gAjIpura, uttarapradeza) stambhalekha]

Page #825
devaddhi kA0 rA0sthiti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 665 katipaya itihAsajJoM kA abhimata hai ki gupta samrAT kumAra gupta ke nidhanAnantara purugupta rAjya siMhAsana para baiThA / purugupta ko apadastha karane evaM gupta sAmrAjya ke siMhAsana para apanA adhikAra karane ke liye skandagupta ko gRhayuddha meM ulajhanA pdd'aa| usa gRha-kalaha meM skandagupta antatogatvA vijayI huprA aura purugupta ko rAjyacyuta kara usane gupta sAmrAjya ke rAjasiMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyaa| apane isa abhimata kI puSTi meM una vidvAnoM dvArA skandagupta ke bhitarI (uttarapradeza) stambhalekha kA nimnalikhita zloka prastuta. kiyA jAtA hai : pitari divamupete viplUtAM vaMzalakSmIma. bhujabalavijitAriryaH pratiSThApya bhUyaH / jitamiva paritoSAnmAtaraM sAzrunetrAma, ___ hataripuriva kRSNo devakImabhyupetaH / / 6 / / isa zloka kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki pitA ke divaMgata hone ke pazcAt apane bAhubala se zatrunoM para vijaya prApta kara skandagupta ne saMkaToM se ghire gapta sAmrAjya kI punaH pUrvavat pratiSThA sthApita kii| jisa prakAra kaMsa Adi zatrunoM kA saMhAra karane ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa (apanI vijaya kA saMdeza sunAne) mAM devakI kI sevA meM upasthita hue, usI prakAra skandagupta ne bhI zatruoM para vijaya prApta kara apanI mAtA ko apanI vijaya kA saMdeza sunaayaa| usakI mAtA ke netroM meM harSa ke mAMsU bhara paaye| __kumAragupta ke pazcAt purugupta ko guptasamrATa mAnane vAle vidvAn "viplutAM vaMzalakSmIm" isa pada se yaha anumAna lagAte haiM ki dAyAdAdhikAra ke prazna ko lekara skandagupta kA apane purugupta prAdi anya bhAiyoM se jhagar3A huaa| usa gRhakalaha ke phala svarUpa vaMzalakSmI viplata arthAta saMkaTAcchanna ho gii| skandagapta ne apane bhujabala se una zatruoM (na ki bhAiyoM) ko jIta kara usa vipluta (palAyanobata) vaMzalakSmI ko punaH sthira kiyaa| _ vastutaH isa prakAra ke prabala pramANa vidyamAna haiM, jinase yaha spaSTataH siddha hotA hai ki kumAra gupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAta gaptasAmrAjya para jo saMkaTa ke kAle bAdala chAye, ve hUNoM ke prabala AkramaNa ke phalasvarUpa the, na ki tathAkathita dAyAdAdhikAra ke prazna ko lekara paraspara bhAiyoM meM hue kisI gRhakalaha ke kaarnn| isa tathya kI puSTi meM nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM : . 1. kumAragupta ke samaya kA gupta saM0 135 kA mathurA se prApta jaina shilaalekh| 2. kumAragupta ke cAMdI ke ve sikke, jina para gupta saM0 136 aMkita hai| 3. skandagupta kA gupta saMvat 136 kA jUnAgar3ha sthita caTTAna abhilekha / upari likhita tIna pramAraNoM meM se pahale do pramANa isa bAta kI sAkSI

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666 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [devaddhi kA0 rA0 sthi. dete haiM ki kumAragupta kA zAsanakAla gupta saMvat 136 (I0 san 455) tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 682 meM samApta ho gyaa| uparokta pramANoM meM se aMtima pramANa (jUnAgar3ha kA caTTAna-abhilekha) isa tathya ko to siddha karatA hI hai ki gupta saMvat 136 meM kumAragupta kI mRtyu hote hI skandagupta kA zAsanakAla prArambha huaa| isa tathya ke atirikta nimnalikhita tathya bhI jUnAgar3ha ke uparokta caTTAna abhilekha se prakaTa hote haiM : 1. gupta saMvat 136 ( I0 saM0 455, vIra ni0 saM0 982) meM jisa samaya kumAragupta kI mRtyu huI aura skandagupta vizAla guptasAmrAjya kA svAmI banA, usI varSa meM hUNoM ne bhArata para bar3A bhayaMkara AkramaNa kiyaa| 2. usI varSa meM arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 682 meM skandagupta ne hUNoM ke sAtha yuddha kiyA aura yuddha meM unakA bhISaNa rUpa se saMhAra kara unheM burI taraha parAjita kiyaa| uparivariNata tathyoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti pramANita ho jAtA hai ki gupta saM0 136 (I0 san 455) meM kumAragupta kI mRtyu hone para usakA uttarAdhikArI skandagupta vizAla gupta-sAmrAjya ke rAja-siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| usake rAjyasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hote hI I0 san 455 meM haragoM ne bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| usI varSa skandagupta ne hUNoM ko parAjita kara jUnAgar3ha kA zilAlekha uTTa kita krvaayaa| aisI sthiti meM kumAragapta (prathama) aura skandagupta ke bIca meM purugupta ke samrAT banane kA na koI prazna hI utpanna hotA hai aura na koI avakAza hI raha jAtA hai| vastutaH kumAragupta (prathama) ke pazcAt skandagupta guptasAmrAjya kA svAmI banA yaha eka nirvivAda satya hai| haNoM ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt skandagupta ne apane sAmrAjya ke sabhI prAntoM meM apane parama vizvAsapAtra aura suyogya zAsakoM ko niyukta kiyaa| jisase ki deza ke zatruoM ko zira uThAte hI kucala diyA jA ske| una dinoM saurASTra surakSA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa pradeza mAnA jAtA thaa| Dimidi' krameNa buDhyA nipuNaM pradhArya, dhyAtvA ca kRtsnAn guNadoSahetUn / vyapetya sarvAnmanujendraputrAn, lakSmI: svayaM yaM varayAJcakAra // [jUnAgar3ha kA lekha] 2 prathayanti yazAMsi yasya, ripavo'pyAmUlabhagnadarpA nirvacanA mleccha deshessu| [vahI] "skandagupta ne jina zatrumoM kI zakti ko mAmUlacUla vinaSTa kara unake ghamaNDa ko cakanAcUra kara DAlA, ve zatru svayaM dvArA pUrvataH vijita mleccha dezoM (IrAka, IrAna prAdi) meM bhI bhIgI billI kI taraha cupacApa raha kara skandagupta ke yaza kA vistAra kara rahe hai" - yaha tIkhA kaTAkSa zatapratizata hUNoM para hI paTita hotA hai| vastutaH skandagupta ne hUNoM kI , rIr3ha kI haDDI tor3a dI thii| I0 sam 455 ke isa yuddha meM hUNoM ko janadhana kI itanI adhika kSati huI ki isa yuddha ke 45 varSa pazcAt kahIM hUNoM kA saradAra toramANa bhArata para bar3A AkramaNa karane kA sAhasa kara sakA paura. san 502 meM umane mAlavA para adhikAra kiyaa| -sampAdaka

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devadi kA. rA. sthiti sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaTi kSamAzramaNa 667. yasa, meneNDara prAdi videzI prAkrAntAoM ne saurASTra ko hI bhArata kA praveza-dvAra banAyA thaa| zakoM ne to kucha vyavadhAnoM ko chor3a kara zatAbdiyoM taka saurASTra ko apanI sattA kA gar3ha banAye rakhA thaa| skandagupta ne isa mahattvapUrNa pradeza kI surakSA ke liye kisI suyogya zAsaka kA cayana karane ke sambandha meM bahuta dinoM taka soca-vicAra kiyA aura anta meM parNadatta ko hI sarvAdhika suyogya samajha kara use saurASTra kA zAsaka niyukta kara parama saMtoSa kA anubhava kiyaa| ___ skandagupta ne janakalyANa ke aneka kArya kiye / maurya samrATa candragupta ke zAsanakAla meM vIra ni0 saM0 227 ke Asa pAsa banI sudarzana jhIla kA skandagupta ne vipula dhanarAzi vyaya kara jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| skandagupta svayaM viSNubhakta thA para anya sabhI dharmoM ke prati vaha sadbhAva rakhatA thaa| usake zAsanakAla meM zavoM, jainoM evaM bauddhoM ko apane dharma kA pracAraprasAra karane kI pUrNa svatantratA thii| uttara pradeza meM gorakhapura jile ke kahoma nAmaka sthAna se prApta zilAlekha meM kisI madra nAmaka vyakti dvArA prAdikartA prahaMtoM (zrI bhagavAnalAla indrajI ke abhimatAnusAra eka hI stambha meM AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha tathA mahAvIra) kI mUrtiyA~ banavAI giiN| jUnAgar3ha ke zilAlekha tathA bhitarI ke stambhalekha meM skandagupta ke zaurya, praudArya, saccaritratA, prajAvatsalatA Adi samrATocita guNoM kA jo citraNa kiyA gayA hai, usake.katipaya aMza pahale uddhata kiye jA cuke haiN| skandagupta ke zAsanakAla meM bhAratIya janasAdhAraNa bhI bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika samRddhi se bar3A samRddha thaa| yathA rAjA tathA prajA kI kahAvata ko caritArtha karane vAle kucha aMza yahAM prastuta kiye jA rahe haiN| skandagupta ke vimala caritra kA bhitarI ke stambhalekha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai :caritamamalakItaH gIyate yasya zubhrama, dizi dizi parituSTairAkumAraM manuSyaiH / / 5 / / ' sarveSu dezeSu vidhAya goptRn, saMcintayAmAsa bahuprakAram / sarveSu mRtyeSvapi saMhateSu, yo me praziSyannikhilAnsurASTrAn / mAm jJAtamakaH khalu parNadatto, bhArasya tasyoDhahane samarthaH / / [skandagupta kA, jUnAgar3ha kA zilAlekha] 'jUnAgar3ha kA zilAlekha 3 puNyaskaMgha sa cakre jagadidamakhilaM saMsaratIkSya bhoto, bevo'yaM bhUtabhUtyaM pathi niyamavatAmahaMtAmAdikartan / mastasyAtmajo'bhUt dvijaguruyatiSu prAyazaH prItimAnyaH / [kahoma kA stambhalekha]

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668 jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa--dvitIya bhAga [devaddhi kA0 rA0 sthiti vAhamyAmavani vijitya hi jitepvArteSu kRtvA dayAm / nosikto na ca vismitaH pratidinaM saMvarddhamAnadyutiH gItaizca stutibhizca vandakajano yaM prApayatyAryatAm / / 7 / / skandagapta kI prajA kisa prakAra Adarza mAnavatA se otaprota, dharmaniSTha, sukhI aura samRddha thI, isakA citraNa jUnAgar3ha ke zilAlekha meM nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA gayA hai :--- sasminnRpe zAsati naiva kazcit, dharmAdvyapeto manujaH prajAsu / prArto daridro vyasanI kadaryo, daNDyo na vA yo bhRzapIDitaHsyAt / / rAjA aura prajA meM isa prakAra ke Adarza guNoM kI samAnatA vizva ke itihAsa meM bahuta kama dRSTigocara hotI hai| .. vIra ni0 saM0 682 se 664 taka ke apane 12 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM skandagapta ne aneka yuddhoM meM zatrayoM ko parAjita kara vikramAditya kI upAdhi dhAraNa kii| skandagupta ke zAsanakAla meM janakalyANa ke aneka kArya kiye gye| __ bhAratIya itihAsa meM skandagupta kA nAma amara rhegaa| hUNoM jaisI prAtatAyI barbara jAti kI madabharI zakti ko vicUriNata kara skandagupta ne na kevala bhArata apitu sampUrNa eziyA mahAdvIpa ke nivAsiyoM kA bar3A upakAra kiyaa| yadi skandagapta ne haragoM kI unmatta ajeya zakti ko naSTa na kiyA hotA to haraNoM ke atyAcAroM se saMtrasta ho sampUrNa eziyA trAhi-trAhi kI pukAra ke sAtha bar3e lambe samaya taka karAhatA rhtaa| samudragupta ke zAsanakAla se skandagupta ke zAsanakAla taka, arthAt vIra0ni0 saM0862 se 664 taka gupta sAmrAjya kA utkarSa kAla rhaa| skandagupta ke nidhana ke pazcAt gupta sAmrAjya kA apakarSa prArambha ho gyaa| skandagupta ke koI putra nahIM thA ataH usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA bhAI purugupta gupta-sAmrAjya kA adhikArI bnaa| saMbhavataH Der3ha varSa taka hI purugupta kA rAjya rhaa| vIra ni0 saM0 666 meM purugupta kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA putra narasiMha gupta ayodhyA ke siMhAsana para baitthaa| vIra. ni0 saM0 1000 meM narasiMha gupta kI bhI mRtyu ho gaI aura usake pazcAt kumAra gupta (dvitIya) gupta-rAjya kA svAmI bnaa| vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka hue gupta rAjavaMza ke rAjAmoM kI tivikrama sahita nAmAvalI nAma : anumAnita zAsanakAla :1. zrI gupta vIra ni0 saM0767 se 807 2. ghaTotkaca " " " 807 se 846 3. candragupta prathama " " " 846 se 862

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devaddha kA0 rA0 sthiti ] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 4. samudragupta vI0 ni0 saM0 5. candragupta (dvitIya) vikramAditya 6. kumAragupta ( prathama ) mahendrAditya 7. skandagupta vikramAditya 8. purugupta 6. narasiMha gupta "} "1 "" " 17 (7) putraM - mahArAjAdhirAja zrI purugupta mahAdevI - candradevI "} "7 " ( 1 ) mahArAjA zrIgupta (2) putra - mahArAjA zrI ghaTotkaca (3) putra - mahArAjAdhirAja zrI candragupta pathama mahAdevI - kumAradevI " 11 17 21 gupta vaMza ke veM rAjA budhagupta ke nAlandA se prApta hue lekha meM zrIgupta se budhagupta taka guptarAjAnoM kI nAmAvalI dI prakAra hai : 17 (6) putra - mahArAjAdhirAja zrI kumAragupta prathama mahAdevI - anantadevI 17 11 (4) putra - licchavidohitra mahArAjAdhirAja samudragupta mahAdevI - dattadevI 666 862 se 602 902 se 641 41 se 82 682 se 664 664 se 666 666 se 1000 (5) apratiratha - paramabhAgavata mahArAjAdhirAja zrI candragupta dvitIya mahAdevI - dhruvadevI eka mudrA abhihuI hai, jo isa ( 8 ) putra - paramabhAgavata mahArAjAdhirAja zrI budhagupta isa abhilekha meM kumAragupta ke pazcAt skandagupta kA aura purugupta ke pazcAt kumAragupta dvitIya kA nAma chor3a diyA gayA hai| sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla sambandhI digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA nirvANAnantara daza pUrvadhara - kAla taka kI zrutaparamparA tathA prAcArya paramparA ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara - donoM hI paramparAmroM kI mAnyatAoM kA isa grantha meM yathAprasaMga jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai, usase yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki eka hI mUMga kI do phAr3a ke samAna prabhu vIra kI upAsaka ina donoM paramparAoM kI mAnyatAoM meM paraspara paryApta antara hai / pUrvadharoM ke nAma, unakI saMkhyA tathA pUrva - jJAna ke astitvakAla viSayaka bheda ke anantara ina donoM paramparAoM kA mAnyatA-bheda uttarottara bar3hatA hI gayA hai / jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA caturdaza pUrvadharoM kI vidyamAnatA vIra ni0 saM0 64 se 170, tadanusAra 106 varSa mAnatI hai, vahAM digambara paramparA meM caudaha pUrva

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitoya bhAga [pUrvadhara kAla saM0 diga. mA. dhAriyoM kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 62 se 162 taka 100 varSa kA mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi donoM paramparAeM caturdaza pUrvadharoM kI saMkhyA samAna rUpa se 5 mAnatI haiM tathApi aMtima caturdaza pUrvadhara bhadravAha ke atirikta zeSa cAroM caturdaza pUrvadharoM ke jo nAma donoM paramparAgoM ke prAmANika granthoM meM diye gaye haiM, ve pUrNataH bhinna haiN| - isI prakAra daza pUrvadharoM kA kAla jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA meM vIra ni0 saM0 170 se 584 taka 414 varSa kA mAnA gayA hai, vahAM digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM inakA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 162 se 345 taka, kevala 183 varSa kA hI batAyA gayA hai| daza pUrvadhara prAcAryoM kI saMkhyA donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se 11 mAnI gaI hai para ina gyArahoM prAcAryoM ke jo nAma donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, ve eka dUsarI paramparA dvArA diye gaye nAmoM se pUrNataH bhinna haiN| daza pUrvadharoM ke kAla ke anantara zvetAmbara paramparA meM vIra ni0 saM0 584 se 1000 taka 416 varSa kA pUrvadhara-kAla mAnA gayA hai| usa 416 varSa kI avadhi meM 10 prAcAryoM ko pUrvajJAna kA dhAraka mAnA gayA hai, jinameM prArya rakSita sArddhanava pUrvo ke jJAtA tathA devaddhi kSamAzramaNa eka pUrva ke antima jJAtA the / mUlAgama bhagavatIsUtra meM vIra ni0 saM0 1000 taka pUrvajJAna ke vidyamAna rahane kA ullekha hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA apanI isa mAnyatA ko nirvivAdarUpeNa pUrNata: prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke pazcAt pUrvajJAna kA viccheda humA, vahAM digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM yaha spaSTataH ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki aMtima daza pUrvadhara dharmasena ke svargastha hote hI vIra ni0 saM0 345 meM pUrvajJAna kA viccheda ho gayA aura tadanantara vaha (pUrvajJAna) eka deza arthAt aAMzika rUpa meM hI vidyamAna rahA / pUrvajJAna ke astitvakAla ke sambandha meM donoM paramparAyoM kI mAnyatA meM yaha 655 varSa kA antara vastutaH pratyeka vicAraka ke liye kevala cintana hI nahIM apitu cintA kA viSaya bhI hai| pUrvajJAna jaise atyaMta mahatvapUrNa evaM ati vizAla jJAna kA kramika hrAsa to yuktisaMgata evaM buddhigamya ho sakatA hai kintu vinA kisI asAdhAraNa paristhiti 1 (ka) goyamA ! jaMbUdIve NaM dIve bhArahevAse imose prosappiNIe mamaM ega vAsasahassaM puSvagae annusjjisi| . [bhagavatI sUtra, za0 20, u08, mU0 677 (sutAgame, pR0 704)] (kha) voloNammi sahasse varisAraNa vIramokkhagamaraNApro / uttara vAyagavasabhe, puvagayassa bhave chedo / / 805 // varisa sahasse puNa, titthogAlie baDhamAraNassa / / nAsIhi puvvagataM, aguparivADIe jaM jasma / / 806 / / [titthogAliyapainnA - aprakAzita!

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pUrvadhara kAla saM. diga. mA0] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 701 athavA viplavakArI ghaTanA ke ullekha ke, yaha kahA jAya ki aMtima daza pUrvadhara prAcArya dharmasena ke vIra ni0 saM0 345 meM svargastha hote hI dazoM pUrvo kA jJAna sahasA eka hI kSaNa meM vilupta ho gayA, daza meM se eka bhI pUrva kA jJAna avaziSTa nahIM rahA, yaha bAta kisI niSpakSa vicAraka ke gale nahIM utara sktii| pUrvajJAna viSayaka donoM paramparAoM ke isa gahana mAnyatA-bheda kI apekSA eka aura atyadhika gambhIra matabheda ekAdazAMgI kI vicchitti ke sambandha meM hai| digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthoM meM spaSTataH eka svara se yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0683 meM ekAdazAMgI kA viccheda ho gayA aura usake pazcAt usakA kevala eka deza jJAna hI avaziSTa raha gyaa|' jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai, zvetAmbara paramparA kA mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 AgamoM ko aura sthAnakavAsI tathA terApaMtha ye donoM sampradAya 32 bhAgamoM ko vartamAna kAla meM vidyamAna mAnate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA ke ina tInoM sampradAyoM kI spaSTa paura nizcita mAnyatA hai ki kAla-prabhAva se mAgamajJAna aMgopAMgAdi uttarottara kSINa, ati kSINa aura kSINatara hote rahane para bhI duSSamAkAla kI samApti paryaMta vIra ni0 saM0 ke 21003 varSa 8 mAsa 14 dina bIta jAne para 15veM dina prathama prahara taka apane zuddha svarUpa meM aMzataH vidyamAna rhegaa| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki digambara paramparA ke sabhI mAnya granthoM meM aMgapraviSTa prAcArAMgAdi (dvAdazAMgI) ke viccheda kA to ullekha hai kintu aMgabAhya prAdi zeSa bhAgamoM ke vicchinna hone kA kisI bhI grantha meM ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA kI pracalita mAnyatA ke anusAra to dvAdazAMgI kI taraha maMgabAhya bhAgama bhI vicchinna kI koTi meM gine jAte haiM para yadi digambara paramparA ke upalabdha vAGamaya kA samIcInatayA anuzIlana kiyA jAya to usameM kahIM isa bAta kA saMketa taka bhI nahIM milegA ki aMgabAhya bhAgama vilupta ho gye| yadi niSpakSa evaM sUkSma dRSTi se ina donoM paramparAoM ke AgamoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana kiyA jAya to strImukti, kevalibhukti (kevali-kavalAhAra) Adi choTI baDI 84 bAtoM ke mAnyatAbheda ke atirikta zeSa sabhI siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana, ' (ka) paTkhaNDAgama, vedanAkhaNDa, dhavalA TIkA, bhAga 6, pR0 130 (kha) harivaMza, pu0, sarga 66, zloka 22 se 24 (ga) uttarapurANa, parva 76, zloka 516 se 527 (gha) mahApurANa puSpadanta, sandhi 100, pR0 274 (3) tiloyapaNatI, pradhi0 4, gA0 1462 (ca) zrutAvatAra (indranandI), zloka 78.84 (cha) cha sayatirAsiya vAse riNavAraNA aMgacchitti kahiya jiga / / 17 / / (nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI)

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702 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [pUrvadhara kAla saM0 diga. mA. tatvoM kA nirUpaNa prAdi donoM paramparAgoM meM paryAptarUpeNa samAna hI milegaa| yahI nahIM, digambara paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama aura kaSAyapAhur3a jaise ekAdazAMgI ke sarvAdhika sannikaTa samajhe jAne vAle prAgamika granthoM kI kramazaH dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkA meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcArAMgAdi prAgamoM ke uddharaNa pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| vivecya vastuviSaya kI sAmyatA ke sAtha-sAtha digambara paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM adhikAMzataH aisI gAthAeM upalabdha hotI haiM jo zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAMgamoM, niyuktiyoM, bhASyoM Adi kI gAthAnoM se akSarazaH milatI-julatI haiN| vastutaH donoM paramparAmoM ke katipaya mAgama granthoM kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana karate samaya aisA anubhava hotA hai, mAno eka hI sudhAsAgara ke amRta ko bhinna-bhinna pAtroM meM bharakara nAmabheda se rakhA gayA ho| digambara paramparA ke pUrva evaM aMgajJAna ke eka dezadhara prAcArya ne SaTkhaNDAgama Adi AgamoM meM jo tAtvika tathA saiddhAntika nirUpaNa kiyA hai, yaha samagrarUpeNa vahI hai jo zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA sammata ekAdazAMgI, aMgabAhya mAgamoM, chedasUtroM, upAMgoM, niryaktiyoM evaM bhASyoM Adi meM sUtrarUpeNa athavA vizada rUpeNa pahale se hI vidyamAna hai| donoM paramparAmoM ke prAgamoM meM vibheda nAma kI yadi koI vastu hai to kevala nAma, zailI aura krama kI hI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke jo aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya Agama vartamAna kAla meM vidyamAna haiM, unakA nAmollekha to digambara paramparA ke prAgamoM meM jyoM kA tyoM vidyamAna hai hI para sAra rUpa meM ina prAgamoM ke viSaya kA jo paricaya digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM diyA gayA hai, vaha bhI zvetAmbaraM paramparA ke vidyamAna AgamoM ke viSaya se adhikAMzataH milatA-julatA hI hai| yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya prAgama-granthoM meM mUlata: jina viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, ve arthataH ve hI haiM jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAgamoM evaM mAgama - granthoM meM vizada rUpeNa variNata haiN| unakI TIkAmoM meM bhI uparyukta 84 mAnyatAbhedoM ke atirikta navIna kucha nahIM hai| udAharaNasvarUpa SaTkhaNDAgama ko hI le liyA jAya / digambara paramparA ke prAgama-grantha ke rUpa meM SaTkhaNDAgama kA sarvopari sthAna hai| vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376 taka 13veM vAcaka (vAcanAcArya)pada para aura 12veM yugapradhAna pada para rahe prArya zyAmAcArya dvArA pUrvajJAna se uddhRta upAMga-"pannavaraNA (prajJApanA) sUtra" aura vIra ni0 saM0 763 se 761 ke bIca hue prAcArya arhadbali' ke pazcAdvartI prAcArya ' aMtima prAcArAMgadhara lohArya ke pazcAt hue prAcArya vinayaMdhara meM ahaMdvali evaM mahatali se dharasena taka ke prAcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM kevala eka avizvasanIya-nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke AdhAra para digambara paramparA ke katipaya uccakoTi ke vidvAnoM ne digambara paramparA ke AgamoM evaM prAcIna granthoM se bhinna mAnyatA pracalita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, isa viSaya para isI adhyAya meM Age prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| -sampAdaka .

Page #833
pUrvadhara kAla saM0 dina. mA.] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa dharasena' ke ziSya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali dvArA racita SaTkhaNDAgama ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha Azcaryajanaka tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki zailIbheda ko chor3akara pannavaraNA sUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM paryApta sAmya hai| ina donoM prAgamoM kI samAnatA siddha karane vAle katipaya tathya saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM :- ... (1) jIva tathA karma kA saiddhAntika vivecana ina donoM zAstroM kA viSaya hai| (2) donoM kA mUla srota dRSTivAda hai|' -- (3) ina donoM racanAmoM meM nirUpaNa-sAmya ke atirikta samAna zabdAvali evaM uktiyoM kA prayoga bhI aneka sthaloM para upalabdha hotA hai| . (4) ina donoM kI racanA sUtra rUpa meM hai| (5) donoM meM hI sUtra kahIM-kahIM gAthAtmaka bhI haiN| (6) prajJApanAsUtra paura SaTkhaNDAgama ko nimnalikhita gAthAeM paryApta speNa samAna haiM :prajJApanA sUtra samayaM bakkaMtAraNaM, samayaM tesi sarIra nivvttii| samayaM pAraguggaharaNaM, samayaM UsAsa-nIsAse ||6| ekkassa ujaM gaharaNaM, bahUraNa sAhAraNANaM taM ceva / jaM bahuyAraNaM gaharaNaM, samAsayo taM pi egassa // 10 // sAhAraNamAhAro, sAhAraNamAraNupAraNagahaNaM ca / sAhAragajIvANaM, sAhAraNalakkharaNaM evaM // 10 // harivaMzapurANa meM jinasena dvArA dI gaI prAcAryoM kI paTTAvalI meM ullikhita prAcArya parasena ke atirikta anyatra kisI paTTAvalI meM puSpadanta tathA bhUtabali ke gurU prAcArya parasena kA nAma dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / harivaMzapurANa meM dI gaI paDhAvalI ke anusAra binayaMdhara se 18veM prAcArya parasena ko yadi puSpadanta mora bhUtabali kA zikSAgurU mAna liyA jAtA hai to gharasena kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 1.13 se 1043 ke bIca kA Thaha- ratA hai| punnATasaMghIya prAcArya dharasena se yadi candraguhAvAsI parasena ko bhinna mAnA jAtA hai to bhI mahaMsI ke pApahartI hone ke kAraNa inakA samaya nizcita rUpa se vIra ni.saM. 783 ke pazcAta kA hI ThaharatA hai| 2 (ka) prajjhayaNamiNaM cittaM, suyarayaNaM ditttthiivaaynniisNd| jaha vampiyaM bhagavayA, mahamavi taha vaSNaissAmi // 3 // (paNNavaNAsuta, pR01) (sa) prAyaNIyapUrvasthita paMcamavastugata caturSamahA-1 karmaprAbhRtakAH sUridharasena nAmAbhUt / / 10 / / karma prAkRtiprAbhRtamupasaMhAryavaSaniriha saNDaH // 134 / / (zrutAvatAra-indranandIkRta) (ga) bhUdavAli-bhayavadA jiNavAlida pAse diTTha visadisuteNa pappAmoti pravaNayaviNa vAlideNa mahAkammapaDipArassa bondo hohadi ti samuppaNabuTiNA puNe dambapamANANugamamAdi kAraNa gaMparayaNA kadA / (SaTsaNDAgama, jIvaTThANa, bhA. 1, pR.71)

Page #834
704 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa- dvitIya bhAga [ pUrvaghara kAla saM0 diga. mA. " paTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 14, sUtra 122 se 125 :sAhAraNamAhAro, sAhAraNamAraNapAraNagahaNaM ca / sAhAraraNajIvANaM, sAhAraraNalakkharaNaM bhaNidaM // / ' eyassa bharagugNaharaNaM, bahUraNa sAhAraNAraNameyassa / eyassa jaM bahUNaM, samAsado taM pi hodi eyassa // samagaM vakkaMtANaM, samagaM tesi sarIraNippattI / samagaM na araguggahaNaM, samagaM ussAsariNassAso | uparyukta tIna gAthAmroM kA SaTkhaNDAgama meM jo pATha diyA gayA hai.. apekSA panavaraNAsUtrAntargata pATha adhika vyavasthita bhaura vizuddha hai / (7) panavaraNA sUtra meM aisI aneka gAthAeM haiM jo SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI haiM / isake atirikta SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka saM0 13 ke gAthA sUtra 4 se 6, 12, 13, 15 praura 16 prAvazyaka niyukti (gAthA saM0 31 se ) tathA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ( gA0 604 se) kI gAthAoM se milatI-julatI haiM / usakI (5) ina donoM meM alpa- bahutva prAyaH samAna rUpa se varNita haiM aura unheM mahAdaNDaka ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / (E) prajJApanAsUtra (sUtra 1444 se 65 ) aura SaTkhaNDAgama ( pustaka 6, sUtra 116, 220 prAdi), ina donoM ke gatyAgatyAdi prakaraNa meM tIrthakara, cakravartI, baladeva, tathA vAsudeva ke padoM kI prApti ke ullekha kI samAnatA to vastutaH prAzcaryajanaka hai / (10) ina donoM meM pravagAhanA, antara prAdi bhaneka viSayoM kA samAna rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| (11) jIvoM ke alpa-bahutva viSayaka vicAra ke prasaMga meM prajJApanAsUtra maura SaTNDAgama ke adholikhita pAThoM kI pratipAdanazailI prAdi kI samAnatA bhI vastutaH vicAraNIya hai : "graha bhaMte ! savvajIvaSpabahuM mahAdaMDayaM vattaissAmi sambatyo vA gagbhavakkaMtiyA maragussA "sajogI visesAhiyA 96, saMsAratyA bisesAhiyA 97, savva jIvA visesAhiyA 18 ||" - pannavaraNA, sUtra 334 / "eto savvajIvesu mahAdaMDayo kAdavbo bhavadi / sambatyo vA maraNussapajjatA gagmovakkatiyA .....riNagodajIvA visesAhiyA || - SaTkhaNDAgama, pu0 7, sUtra 1-66 / (12) prajJApanAsUtra meM isake 36 padoM meM se 23 veM se 27 veM dhaura 35 veM pada ke kramazaH karmaprakRtipada, karmabandha pada, karmabandhaveda pada, karmavedabandha pada, karma - - isa sUtra saM0 121 ke pATha se anumAna kiyA jAtA tattha imaM sAhAraNa lakkharaNaM bhaNidaM / hai ki ye gAthAeM kahIM se ur3ata haiN| * - sampAdaka

Page #835
pUrvadhara kAla saM0 diga. mA.] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 705 vedavedaka pada aura vedanApada ye 6 nAma ullikhita haiN| SaTakhaNDAgama ke TIkAkAra ne SaTakhaNDAgama ke 6 khaNDoM ke kramaza: jIvasthAna, kSudrakabandha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanA, vargaNA aura mahAvandha -ye 6 nAma diye haiN| vastutaH ye tulanA karane yogya haiN| prajJApanA meM uparyukta padoM ke antargata jina tathyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, unhIM kI carcA paTkhaNDAgama ke tatsamAna nAma vAle khaNDoM meM bhI kI gaI hai| . (13) grAhAraka evaM anAhAraka jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hae ina donoM prAgamoM meM sayogikevalI dvArA prahAra grahaNa kiye jAne tathA ayogikevalI evaM samudghAtagata sayogikevalI dvArA grAhAra grahaNa na kiye jAne kA samAna rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai: paNpravaraNA sUtra- "kevali AhArae NaM" bhaMte ! kevali AhArae tti kAlato kevaciraM hoi ? goyamA ! jahaNNaNaM aMtomuhuttaM, ukkoseNaM desUNa punvakoDiM / / " sUtra 1366 / ___ "sajogi bhavatthakevali praNAhArae NaM bhaMte ! * pukchaa| goyamA ! ajaharaNamaragukkoseNaM tiNi smyaa|" sUtra 1372 / "prajogibhavatthakevali aNAhArae NaM * pucchaa| goyamA ! jahaNNaNa vi ukkoseraNa vi aMtomuhuttaM / " sUtra 1373 / / SaTakhaNDAgama - "pAhArANuvAderaNa asthi AhArA praNAhArA" ||suutr 175 / "pAhArA eyaMdiya-ppahuDi jAva sajogikevali tti / / " - jIvaTThANa saMtaparUvaraNA, sU0 176 / arthAt AhAramArgaNA kI dRSTi se jIva AhAraka aura anAhAraka donoM hI prakAra ke hote haiM / 175 AhAraka jIva ekendriya se lekara sayogikevali paryanta hote haiM // 176 / / "praNAhArA cadusu ThANesu viggahagai-samAvaNNANaM kevalINaM vA samugdhAdagadANaM ajogikevalI siddhA cedi / / 177 / / ina donoM mUla AgamoM ke sUla pATha meM kevali-bhukti kA samAna rUpa se samAna bhAvadyotaka zabdoM meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| (14) prajJApanAsUtra aura SaTakhaNDAgama - ina donoM hI prAgamoM meM gati nAdi mArgaNAsthAnoM kI apekSA se jIvoM ke alpabahutva para vicAra kiyA gayA / prajJApanAsUtra meM alpa-bahutva kI mArgaNAmoM meM 26 dvAra haiM, jinameM jIva-ajIva na donoM kA hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM caudaha guraNasthAnoM se "ndhita gatyAdi mArgaNAsthAnoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue jIvoM ke pralpa-bahutva vacAra kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi prajJApanAsUtra meM alpa-bahutva kI mArgaNAmoM ke

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prajJA0 aura SaTkhaNDAgama dvAra 26 aura SaTakhaNDAgama meM 14 haiM tathApi donoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se sahaja hI yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki SaTakhaNDAgama meM variNata 14 mArgaraNAdvAra vastutaH prajJApanA sUtra meM variNata 26 dvAroM meM se 14 ke sAtha pUrNataH milate-julate haiM, jaisA ki nimnalikhita tAlikA se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai :prajJApanAsUtra paTakhaNDAgama prajJApanAsUtra SaTkhaNDAgama (pustaka 7, pR0 520) 13. upayoga 1. dizA 14. AhAra 14. AhAraka 15. bhASaka 2. gati 1. gati 16. parita 3. indriyaH 2. indriya 17. paryApta 4. kAya 3. kAya. 18. sUkSma 5. yoga 4. yoga / 16. saMjI 13. saMjJI 6. veda 5. veda 20. bhava 11. bhavya 7. kaSAya 6. kaSAya / 21. astikAya 8. lezyA 10. lezyA 22. carima 6. samyakta va 12. samyakta va 23. jIva 10. jJAna 7. jJAna 24. kSetra 11. darzana 6. darzana 25. baMdha 12. saMyata 8. saMyama 26. pudgala' 15 jisa prakAra pannavaNAsUtra ke bahuvaktavyatA nAmaka tIsare pada meM gati Adi mArgaNAsthAnoM kI apekSA se 26 dvAroM dvArA jIvoM ke alpa-bahutva para vicAra karane ke pazcAt isa prakaraNa ke anta meM - "aha bhaMte ! sanyajIvappabahaM mahAdaMDayaM vattaissAmi" - isa vAkya dvArA mahAdaNDaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai, ThIka usI prakAra SaTakhaNDAgama meM bhI 14 guNa sthAnoM meM gati Adi 14 mArgaraNAsthAnoM dvArA jIvoM ke alpabahatva para vicAra karane ke pazcAt isa prakaraNa ke anta meM mahAdaNDakoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / prajJApanAsUtra meM jIva ko kendra mAna kara jIvapradhAna nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM pradyapi karma ko kendra banA kara karmapradhAna nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai. tathApi "khuddAbaMdha" nAmaka dvitIya khaNDa meM bandhaka - jIva kA vicAra 14 mArgaNA-: ' sUtra 212 disi gati iMdiya kAe joge vede kasAya lessA ya / sammatta gANa daMsaraNa saMjaya uvayoga prAhAre // 180 gaathaa|| bhAsaga paritta pajjatta suhama saNNI bhavasthie crime| jIve ya kheta. baMdhe poggala mahadaMDae ceva // 181 gaathaa||. [pannavaNAsutta, taiyaM bahuvattavvapayaM, sUtra 212] 2 SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 7, pR. 745 /

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707 prazA0 praura SaTsaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 707 sthAnoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isa prakaraNa meM pannavaNAsUtra kI zailI ko apanA liyA gayA hai| . ina dono prAgamoM ke sUkSma tathA niSpakSa adhyayana se isa prakAra kI aura bhI katipaya samAnatAoM ko prakAza meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| uparilikhita samAnatAmoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt kama ke kama yaha tathya to nirvivAda rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki ina donoM kA srota eka hai, ina donoM kA viSaya evaM ina donoM kI pratipAdya vastu eka hai| yadi inameM bhinnatA nAma kI koI vastu hai to vaha hai grantha aura granthakAra ke nAma kI aura nirUpaNa-zailI kii| gati prAdi mArgaraNAsthAnoM dvArA jIva ke alpa - bahutva para vicAra karane ke tatkAla pazcAt ina donoM granthoM ke etadviSayaka prakaraNa meM mahAdaNDaka kA nirUpaNa tathA SaTakhaNDAgama ke "khuddAbaMdha" nAmaka dvitIya khaNDa meM pannavaNAsUtra ke samAna jIvapradhAna nirUpaNa zailI ko apanAnA-ye do tathya niSpakSa vicArakoM ke isa anumAna ko puSTa karate haiM ki ina donoM granthoM meM se kisI eka kI racanA ke samaya usake racanAkAra ke samakSa inameM se koI eka grantha avazya hI AdhAra rUpa meM vidyamAna rahA hogaa| pannavaraNAsUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama ina donoM granthoM meM adhika prAcIna kaunasA grantha hai, isakA nirNaya ina donoM granthoM ke praNetAmoM ke kAla-nirNaya ke anantara svataH hI ho jAtA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kI paramparAgata mAnyatAnamAra pannadagAmutra ke praNetA daza pUrvaghara prArya zyAmAcArya aura digambara paramparA kI paramparAgata mAnyatAnusAra SaTkhaNDAgama ke praNayanakAra haiM pUrva tathA aMgajJAna ? eka dazadhA sAdArya parasena ke ziSya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali / daza pUrvadhara prArya zyAmAcArya ne pannavaNAsUtra kI racanA kI isa zvetAmbara paramparA kI paramparAgata mAnyatA kI puSTi meM mukhya rUpa se nimnalikhita pramANa prastuta kiye jAte haiM : 1. pannavaNAsUtra ke prArambha meM granthakAra dvArA tIna gAthAeM dI gaI haiN| pahalI gAthA meM siddhoM ko namaskAra karane ke anantara trailokya gurU bhagavAn mahAvIra kA baMdana kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI aura tIsarI gAthA meM granthakAra ne kahA hai ki bhavya jIvoM kA uddhAra karane vAle bhagavAn ne zrutaratnanidhAna svarUpa saba bhAvoM kI prajJApanA kA upadeza diyaa| jisa prakAra bhagavAn ne varNana kiyA hai, usI prakAra maiM bhI dRSTivAda se uddhRta zrutaratnasvarUpa isa ati sundara adhyayana kA varNana kruugaa| ... tIsarI gAthA ke antima caraNa meM Aye hae - "ahamavi taha vAissAmi" se granthakAra ke nAma kA bodha nahIM hotA ataH prAcIna kAla meM kisI prAcArya ne

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ prajJA0 aura SaTkhaNDAgama isa dRSTi se ki bhaviSya meM kahIM granthakAra ke sambandha meM bhrAnti na ho jAya, dUsarI aura tIsarI gAthA ke bIca meM nimnalikhita do gAthAeM rakha dIM :tebIsaimeNa dhIrapuriseNa / vAyagaravasA duddharadhareNa muNiNA, puvvasuyasamiddhabuddhIraNa || 1 || suyasAgarA viraUraNa jeraNa suyarayaraNamuttamaM diNNaM / sIgaraNassa bhagavo tassa namo prajjasAmassa ||2|| 705 arthAt - vAcakazreSThoM (vAcanAcAryoM) ke vaMza meM hue pUrvazruta - jJAna se samRddha buddhi vAle muniyoM meM adhika gahana jJAna dhAraNa karane vAle jinatevIsameM dhIra munivara ne prathAha zrutasAgara se sUtra ratna nikAla kara ziSyagaraNa ko diyA, una Arya zyAma ko namaskAra hai / tIsarI gAthA meM prAye hue "ahamavi' kI paricAyaka ye do anya kartaka gAthAeM kisI ne bahuta soca vicAra ke pazcAt ucita sthAna para grantha ke mUla bhAga meM rakhI haiM / haribhadrasUri aura malayagiri ne pannavaraNA kI svanirmita vRttiyoM meM ina donoM gAthAoM ko sthAna dekara anyakartRka athavA prakSipta batAte hue inakI vyAkhyA kI hai / prAcArya haribhadra vastutaH dhavalAkAra prAcArya vIrasena se lagabhaga 125 varSa pUrva hue haiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye gAthAeM vikrama kI 8 vIM zatAbdI se bahuta pUrva kI haiN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki zyAmArya ke kisI ziSya ne unake jIvana kAla meM athavA kucha samaya pazcAt hI ina gAthAoM ko pannavaraNA ke prAdya mUla pATha ke sAtha jor3a diyA ho / 2. dUsarA pramANa himavanta sthavirAvalI kA prastuta kiyA jAtA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : *-- 'samaraNAraNaM' giggaMThAraNaM' rigaMThINaM' ya jiraNapavayaraNasulahabohaTTha' raNaM ajjasAmehiM' therehiM ya tattha paNNavaraNA parUviyA / " grarthAt zramaraNa nirgranthoM evaM nirgranthaniyoM ko jina - pravacanoM kA sugamatApUrvaka bodha karAne ke uddezya se sthavira prArya zyAma ne "pannavaraNA" nAmaka sUtra kI prarUpaNA kI / paTkhaNDAgama kA nirmANa puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ne dharasena se jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt kiyA, digambara paramparA kI isa paramparAgata mAnyatA kI puSTi meM mukhya rUpa se dhavalA aura indranandIkRta zrutAvatAra ke nimnalikhita uddharaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM : 1. tado savvesimaMgapuvvANamegadeso Airiya - paraMparAeM AgacchamAraNo dharaseragAyariyaM saMpatto / ( SaTkhaNDAgama, jIvaTThANa (dhavalA ), bhA0 1, pR0 68 ) . puraNo tehiM dharaseraNa bhayavaMtassa jahAvitteNa viragae Nivedide suTTha himavanta sthavirAvalI, hastalikhita / ,

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prazA0 paura SaTkhaDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadhi kSamAzramaNa tuTTeNa dharaseNa bhaDAraeNa somma-tihi-Nakkhatta-vAre gaMtho paarddho| puNo kameNa vakkhAgateNa teNa prAsADha-mAsa-sukka-pakkha-ekkArasIe punvahe gaMtho smaarinndo| viNaeNa gaMtho samAriNado ti tujhehiM bhUdehi tattheyassa mahadI pUjA puppha - bali - saMkha- tUra - ravasaMkulA kadA / taM daLUNa tassa 'bhUdabali' tti bhaDAraeNa gaNAmaM kayaM / mavarassa vi bhUdehiM pUjidassa pratya - viyatya - TThiya - daMta - paMtimosAriya bhUdehi samIkaya-daMtassa 'pupphayaMto' ti NAmaM kayaM / ..... ...." tado puSphayaMtAirieNa jiNavAlidassa dikkhaM dAUNa viMsadi suttAriNa kAriya par3hAviya puNo so bhUdabali - bhayavaMtassa pAsaM pesido| bhUdalibhayavadA jiNavAlida-pAse diTTha visadi sutteNa appAuno ti avagaya -jiraNavAlideNa mahAkammapayaDipAhuDassa vocchedo hohadi tti samuppaNNabuddhiraNA puNo davya - pamANANugamamAdi kAUraNa gaMtharayaNA kdaa| tado evaM khaMDa siddhataM pacca bhUdabali - pupphayaMtAiriyAvi kattAro uccati / (vahI, pR0 71 - 72) . isa prakAra vikrama saM0 230 (vIra ni0 saM0 1300) ke prAsapAsa hue prAcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA meM SakhaNDAgama kA racanAkAra pUrva tathA aMga -zAna ke eka dezavara mAcArya dharasena ke ziSya puSpadaMta tathA bhUtabali ko mAnA hai / 2. isakI puSTi meM dUsare pramANa ke rUpa meM indranandIkRta zrutAvatAra ke nimnalikhita zloka prastuta kiye jAte haiM : deze tataH surASTra, girinagara puraantikorjyntgirau| caMdaguhAvinivAsI, mahAtapA parama muni - mukhyaH / / 103 / / agrAyaNIyapUrvasthitapaMcamavastugatacaturthamahA- . karma - prAbhRtakajJaH, sUridharasenanAmAbhUt / / 104 // so'pi nijAyuSyAntaM, vijJAyAsmAbhiralamadhItamidam / zAstraM vyucchedamavApsyatIti saMcintya nipuNamatiH / / 10 / / dezendra dezanAmani, . veNAkataTIpure mahAmahimA / samuditamunIn prati, brahmacAriNA prApayallekham / / 106 / / -abhivandha kAryamevaM, nigadatyasmAkamAyuravaziSTam / svalpaM tasmAdasman tasya zAstrasya vyucchittiH // 10 // na syAvathA tathA do, yatIzvarI grhnndhaarnnsmyau| nizita-prajJo yUyaM, prasthApayateti lekhArtham // 110 // samyagavadhArya tairapi tathAvidhI do munI samanviSya / prahito tAvapi gatvA, cApaturaramUrjayantagirim // 111 / / -so'pyati yogyAviti sancintya tataH suprazastatithivelAnakSatreSu tayokhyiAtuM, prArabdhavAn grantham / / 124 / / divaseSu kiyatsvapi gateSvathASADhamAsi sitapakSe / ekAdazyAM ca tiyo granthasamAptiH kRtA vidhinA / / 126 //

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prajJA aura SaTkhaNDAgama hedana evaikasya dvija-paMkti viSamitAmapAsya suraiH|| kRtvA kundopamitAM nAma kRtaM puSpadanta iti // 127 / / aparo'pi turyanAdarjayaghoSairgandhamAlyadhUpAdyaH / bhUtapatireSa ityAhUto bhUtairmahaM kRtvA / / 128 / / svAsanamRti jJAtvA mA bhUtsaMklezametayorasmin / iti guruNA saMcintya dvitIya divase tatastena // 126 / / priyahita vacanairamuSya tAvubhAveva kurIzvaraM prhitau| ................................. .............. // 130 / / -atha puSpadanta munirapyadhyApayituM sva bhAgineyaM tam / karma prAkRtiprAbhRtamupasaMhAyaiva SaDbhiriha khaNDaiH / / 134 // vAMchan gunnjiivaadikviNshtividhsuutrstprruupnnyaa| yukta jIvasthAnAdyadhikAraM vyaracayatsamyak / / 13 / / sUtrANi tAni zatamadhyApya tato bhUtabaliguroH paarshvm| tadabhiprAyaM jJAtuM prasthApayadagamadeze'pi // 136 / / tena tataH paripaThitAM, bhUtabaliH satprarUpaNAM zrutvA / SaTkhaNDAgamaracanAbhiprAyaM puSpadantaguroH / / 137 / / vijJAyAlpAyuSyAnalpamatInmAnavAn pratItya tataH / dravyaprarUpaNAdyadhikAraH khaNDapaMcakasyAnvak // 138 / / sUtrANiSaTsahasragranthAnyatha pUrvasUtrasahitAni / praviracya mahAbandhAhvayaM tataH SaSTakaM khaNDam // 136 / / triMzatsahasrasUtragranthaM vyaracayadasau mahAtmA / teSAM paJcAnAmapi khaNDAnAM zRNata nAmani // 140 // --evaM SaTkhaNDAgamaracanAM pravidhAya bhUtabalyAyaH / AropyAsadbhAvasthApanayA pustakeSu tataH / / 142 / / indranandI ke kathana kA sArAMza yaha hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM aMtima prAcArAMgadhara lohArya ke svargagamana ke sAtha aMga jJAna kA bhI viccheda ho gyaa| unake pazcAt pUrva aura aMgajJAna ke eka-deza-dhara kramazaH (1) vinayadhara, (2) zrIdatta, (3) zivadatta, (4) arhaddatta, (5) ahaMvalI aura (6) mAghanandI nAmaka AcArya hue / mAghanandI se anizcita kAla pazcAt dharasena nAmaka mahAn tapasvI prAcArya hue| dharasena ke samaya, inakI guru paramparA athavA ziSya paramparA Adi se sambandhita kisI prakAra kI sUcanA dene meM apanI asamarthatA prakaTa karate hue indranandI ne likhA hai ki isa sambandha meM na to kisI muni ko jAnakArI hai aura na kahIM kisI pustaka meM hI isa prakAra kA koI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai|' AcArya 1 guNadhara dharasenAnvaya gurvoH pUrvAparakamo'smAbhiH / na jJAyate tadanvayakathakAgamamunijanAbhAvAt / / 151 // [zrutAvatAra - indranandIkRta]

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prajJA0 aaura SaTkhaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvapara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa dharasena agrAyaNIya pUrva kI paMcama vastu ke antargata caturtha mahAkarmaprAbhRta ke jJAtA the| apane jIvana ke saMdhyAkAla meM dharasena ko cintA huI ki kahIM unake nidhana ke sAtha hI "mahAkarma prAmata" vilupta na ho jaay| unhoMne mahAmahimA nagarI meM ekatrita zramaNa-samUha kI sevA meM eka patra bheja kara do medhAvI muniyoM ko apane pAsa bhejane kI prArthanA kI, jinheM ve caturtha mahAkarma prAbhUta kA jJAna dekara use naSTa hone se bacAveM / vegAtaTa para sammilita zramaNoM ne' dharasena ke nirdezAnusAra zramaNa-samUha meM se do medhAvI muniyoM ko cuna kara unake pAsa bhejA / acchI taraha parIkSaNa ke pazcAt prAcArya dharasena ne una donoM medhAvI muniyoM ko caturtha mahAkarmaprAbhUta ke jJAna ke liye suyogya pAtra samajha kara zikSA denA prArambha kiyaa| paramaM niSThA, parizrama aura vinaya-pUrvaka adhyayana karate hue una donoM muniyoM ne usa sampUrNa grantha kA adhyayana samucita samaya meM sampanna kiyA / suroM ne bar3e utsava ke sAtha una donoM muniyoM meM se eka kA nAma puSpadanta aura dUsare kA bhUtapati (bhUtabali) rkhaa| adhyayana kI samApti ke dUsare dina hI dharasena ne apanA aMnta samaya sannikaTa samajha kara una donoM muniyoM ko hitakara nirdeza dekara apane yahA~ se karIzvara nAmaka sthAna ke liye vidA kiyaa| hadinoM meM ve donoM kUrIzvara pattana phuNce| vahA~ varSAvAsa bitAne ke pazcAt dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara ve kara. hATa phuNce| vahAM puSpadanta muni ke bhAnaje jinapAlita ne apane mAtula muni ke sAnnidhya meM nirgrantha zramaraNa-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| tadanantara puSpadanta ne jinapAlita ke sAtha vanavAsa meM aura bhUtabali dravir3a deza ke madhurA nAmaka nagara meM rahane lge| puSpadanta prAcArya ne guNa, jIva Adi bIsa prarUpaNA garbhita satprarUpaNA ke sUtra banA unheM jinapAlita ko par3hAkara use bhUtabali ke pAsa bhejaa| jinapAlita ke mukha se satprarUpaNA ko sunakara bhUtabali ne samajha liyA ki aba / puSpadanta kI mAya svalpa hI avaziSTa rahI hai aura unakI yaha prAntarika abhilASA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kI jAya / tadanusAra bhUtabali ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kii| pannavaNA sUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama - ina donoM hI pAgamoM ke mUla pATha meM kahIM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, jisase inake racayitAmoM kA nAma jJAta ho sake / ina donoM racanAmoM ke racanAkAroM kA nAmollekha dUsare vidvAnoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai / mantara kevala itanA hai ki jahAM pannavaraNAsUtra ke praNetA kA digambara paramparA meM yaha mAnyatA pracalita hai ki mahaMbalI ne una donoM muniyoM ko dharasena ke pAsa bhejA / para isa mAnyatA kA koIH prAmANika bhASAra digambara paramparA ke sampUrNa vAGmaya meM khojane para bhI nahIM miltaa| harivaMzapurANa aura zrutAvatAra ke anusAra mahabali kA svargavAsa vIra ni. saM. 783 athavA 761 meM anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| inake pazcAt mAghanandI 21 varSa taka prAcArya pada para rahe tadanusAra vI. ni. saM0804 prayavA 12 ke pazcAt kA dharasena kA samaya ho sakatA hai| -sampAdaka 1 paTkhaDAgama (pu. 1, pR. 72) meM - "bhUtabali bhahAramo vi damila visayaM gdo|" isa prakArakA ullekha hai|

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712 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ prajJA0 aura SaTkhaNDAgama nAmollekha karane vAle do pramukha vidvAnoM meM se eka ne pannavaraNA sUtra kI Adi ke mUla maMgalapATha meM ho apanI ora se 2 gAthAeM dekara isa tathya ko prakaTa kiyA hai ki pannavaraNA sUtra kI zrutasAgara ke manthana dvArA tevIsaveM vAcaka zreSTha zyAmAcArya ne racanA kI vahAM SaTkhaNDAgama ke racanAkAra kA nAmollekha karane vAlI donoM hI sAkSiyAM svayaM mUla grantha kI na hokara itara do granthoM kI haiN| Aja se 1300 varSa pUrva bhI prAcArya zyAmArya kA pannavaraNA sUtrakAra ke rUpa meM paricaya dene vAlI uparilikhita donoM gAthAeM mUla maMgala pATha meM nihita thIM isa tathya kI sAkSI vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM hue AcArya haribhadra sUri ne pannavakhAsUtra kI svaracita vRti meM ina gAthAoM ko kevala sthAna dekara hI nahIM apitu inakI vyAkhyA karake dI hai / ' isameM to kisI kI do rAya nahIM hoMgI ki yAkinI mahattarAsUnu AcArya haribhadra ne pannavaraNA sUtra para TIkA kI racanA karate samaya pannavaraNAsUtra kI unake samaya meM upalabdha ho sakane vAlI prAcIna se prAcInatama pratiyoM ko prApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hogA / zrAja ke yuga meM bhI Aja se 800-100 varSa purAnI AgamoM kI hastalikhita pratiyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| haribhadra sUri ko bhI TIkA kI racanA karate samaya AThasau-navasau varSa purAnI na sahI kama se kama 200 varSa pUrva likhI huI tAr3apatrIya pratiyAM to avazya milI hoMgI - yaha mAnane meM to kisI ko kisI prakAra kI zaMkA nahIM ho sakatI / AcArya haribhadra kA samaya purAtatvAcArya padmazrI muni jinavijayajI dvArA antima rUpa se vikrama saM0 757-627 nirNIta kiyA jA cukA hai, jise sabhI itihAsajJoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / 2 udyotanasUri para nAma dAkSiNyacinha ne prAkRta bhASA ke apane uccakoTi ke grantha kuvalayamAlA meM prAcArya haribhadrasUri ko ina zabdoM meM namana kiyA hai:jo icchai bhavavirahaM, bhava virahaM ko raNa vaMdae suyaNo / samaya-saya-satya-gururaNo, samaramiyaMkA kahA jassa || [ kuvalaya mAlA, prArambha ] 1 1 prasyAzca gAthAyAH " prajjhayaNamiraNaM vitta" mityanayA gAthayAsahAbhisambandhaH / pratazca yaM satvAnugrahAya zrutasAgarAduddhRtA prasAvapyAsannataropakAritvAdasmadvidhAnAM namaskArAhaM ityatastadviSayamidamapAMtarAla evAnyakattuM ke gAthAdvayamiti / "vAyagavara: " gAthA, vAcakAH pUrvavidaH vAcakAzca te varAzva vAcakavarAH vAcakapradhAnA ityarthaH teSAM vaMzaH pravAhI vAcakavaravaMzastasmin trayoviMzatitamena tathA ca sudharmAdArabhya zrArya zyAmastrayoviMzatitama eva, [ hArIbhadrayA prajJApanAvRtti, pR0 4-5 ] 2 (ka) jaMna sAhitya saMzodhaka, bhAga 1, aMka 1, vIra ni0 saM0 2446, pRSTha 21 se 53, (kha) "samadarzI prAcArya haribhadra" (paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI DI0 liT) pR0 8, 3. "viraha" zabdena haribhadrAcAryakRtatvaM prakaraNasyAveditam virahAMkatvAt haribhadrasUreriti / [jinezvara sUrikRta 'bhraSTama prakaraNa' TIkA ]. *

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prajJA aura SaTkhaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa .713 so siddhateraNa gurU, juttI-satyehi jassa haribhaddo / bahu-sattha-gaMtha-vitthara-patthAriya-payaDa-savvattho / / [kuvalayamAlA prazasti] " isa prakAra udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA meM haribhadra sUri ko aneka granthoM kI racanA dvArA samasta zrutazAstra kA saccA artha prakaTa karane vAle tathA svayaM ko pramANa aura nyAyazAstra ke sikhAne vAle gurU ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| 'kuvalaya mAlAkAra' udyotana sUri, apara nAma dAkSiNyacinha ne apane isa grantharatna ke anta meM isake samApana ke samaya kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai: ..........."aha cohasIe cittassa, kiNhapakkhammi / nimmaviyA bohakarI, bhavvANaM hou savvANaM / / sagakAle volINe, varisAraNa saehiM sattahiM gaehiM / ega diNe NUNehiM, esa samattA varaNhammi / / arthAt -zaka saMvat 700 kI samApti se eka dina pUrva zubha belA meM isa (kuvalayamAlA) kI racanA sampUrNa kii| caitra kRSNA caturdazI ke dina pUrNa kI gaI yaha (kuvalayamAlA) sabhI bhavyajanoM ke liye bodhaprada ho| 'kuvalayamAlA' jaise adbhuta evaM uccakoTi ke grantha kA praNayana karane yogya pANDitya prApta karane meM udyotana sUri ko kama se kama 25-30 varSa kA samaya avazya lagA hogaa| yaha eka nirvivAda satya hai ki pANDitya kA praveza dvAra pramANa aura nyAyazAstra kA adhyayana mAnA gayA hai| udyotana sUri ko dIkSita karane ke anantara unake gurU tattAyariya ne unakI sutIkSNabuddhi aura vilakSaNa pratibhA dekha kara unheM usa yuga ke liye paramAvazyaka pramANa aura nyAyazAstra kI zikSA dilAne hetu haribhadra sUrI kI sevA meM rkhaa| usa samaya taka haribhadra sUri ke prakhara pANDitya kI kIrtipatAkA digdiganta meM phaharA rahI hogI, yahI pramukha kAraNa ho sakatA hai ki tattAyariya ne haribhadra sUri ko apane medhAvI ziSya ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM cunaa| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki zaka saM0 670 ke AsapAsa udyotana sUri nyAya zAstra kI zikSA prApta karane hetu haribhadra sUri kI sevA meM upasthita hue hoNge| yaha bhI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki haribhadra ko zaka saM0670 taka isa prakAra kI sarvato vyApinI prasiddhi kama se kama 30 varSa kI anavarata sAhitya sevA evaM apUrva jina zAsana sevA ke pazcAt hI prApta huI hogii| isa prakAra sambhavataH haribhadra sUri ne zaka saM0 640 ke Asa-pAsa sAhitya-sRjana kA kArya prArambha kiyA hogA evaM usa samaya unakI anumAnita vaya 40 ke lagabhaga aura janmakAla zaka saM0 600 honA cAhie / haribhadra sUri ne upalabdha sUcI ke anusAra

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724 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ prajJA0 auaura SaTkhaNDAgama choTe bar3e 86 granthoM kI racanA kii| unakA suvizAla sAhitya hI isa bAta kA puSTa pramAraNa hai ki ve pravazyameva zatajIvI rahe hoMge / ina saba tathyoM para vicAra karane para haribhadra sUri kA janmakAla zaka saM0 600 aura nidhanakAla zaka saM0 660 se 700 ke AsapAsa kA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai | isa prakAra 'kuvalayamAlA' ke ullekhAnusAra nizcita rUpa se zaka saM0 700 se pahale aura anumAnataH zaka saM0 600 se 700 tadanusAra vikrama saM0 735. se 835 ke bIca hue prAcArya haribhadra ke samakSa panavaraNA kI TIkA likhate samaya uparokta do gAthAeM pannavaraNA ke mUla pATha meM vidyamAna thIM, jinameM zrArya zyAmAcArya ko pannavaraNAsUtra kA praNetA batAyA gayA hai / panavaraNA para TIkA kI racanA karate samaya yadi haribhadra sUrI ke samakSa 200 varSa purAnI panavaraNA kI pratiyAM bhI rahI hoM to isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI se pUrva bhI ye do gAthAeM pannavaraNA ke mUla pATha meM anyakartRka gAthAoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna thIM, jinameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki prAcArya zyAmArya ne pannavaraNA sUtra kI racanA kI / ina tathyoM se pramANita hotA hai ki prArya zyAmAcArya ko pannavaragA kA racanAkAra siddha karane vAlI sAkSI haribhadra dvArA kiye gaye ullekha kI dRSTi se vikrama saM0 785 ke AsapAsa kI aura unake samakSa pannavaraNA (mUla) kI jo prati vidyamAna rahI, usakI dRSTi se vikrama saM0 585 kI hai / prAcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kI, isa prakAra kA ullekha mukhya rUpa se prAcArya vIra sena ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI apanI dhavalA nAmaka TIkA meM aura indranandI ne apane zrutAvatAra meM kiyA hai| ye donoM sAkSiyA~ pannavaraNA sUtra ko Arya zyAmAcArya kI racanA batAne vAlI uparokta prAcIna sAkSI kI tulanA meM arvAcIna aura kama vajanadAra haiN| DaoN0 hIrAlAla ne prAcArya vIra sena kA samaya zaka saM0 738 tadanusAra vikrama saM0 873 nizcita rUpa se niraNIMta kiyA hai / " indranandI kA zrutAvatAra bhI vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA racanA mAnI gaI hai / - uparyukta tathyoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prAcArya zyAmAcArya kA pannavaraNAkAra ke rUpa meM paricaya dene vAlI uparicarcita 2 gAthAeM prAja se 1450 se bhI adhika pUrvakAla se pannavaraNA sUtra ke mUla pATha ke sAtha calI A rahI haiM / dharasena kA SaTkhaNDAgamakAra ke rUpa meM paricaya dene vAlA ghavalA kA ullekha Aja 1958 varSa pahale kA hone ke kAraNa pannavaraNA viSayaka ullekha se lagabhaga 300 varSa pIche kA hai / 1 SaTkhaNDAgama ( jayaghavalA ) prathama khaNDa (dvitIya saMskaraNa) kI prastAvanA, pR0 36 2 "jaina grantha aura granthakAra ( phatehacanda belAnI), pR0 11

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prajJA aura paTkhaNDAgama ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara kAla : devaddha kSamAzramaNa 715 ina ullekhoM ke atirikta pannavaraNAkAra Arya zyAmAcArya aura SaTkhaNDAgamakAra prAcArya dharasena ke kAla ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jAya to AryazyAma vastutaH dazapUrvaghara hone ke kAraNa' aMga pUrvadezadhara prAcArya gharasena se bahuta pUrvavartI prAcArya siddha hote haiM / naMdI sUtrAntargata paTTAvalI kI gAthA saM0 20 se 26 meM jina mahApuruSoM kA smaraNa aura vandana kiyA gayA hai, unameM AryazyAmAcArya kA 23vAM sthAna hai / duSSamAkAla zramaNa saMghastotra kI avacUri, vicArazreNI, tapAgaccha paTTAvalI 4 prAdi aneka granthoM meM ApakA yugapradhAnAcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376 batAyA gayA hai / prathamodaya yugapradhAna yaMtra meM ApakA gRhasthaparyAya 20 varSa, vrataparyAya 35 varSa, yuga pradhAnAcAryakAla 41 varSa aura pUrNa zrAyu 66 varSa, 1 mAsa tathA 1 dina kA batAyA gayA hai / tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ke pratirikta 'vicArazreNI' meM bhI prArya zyAmAcArya ko 'prajJApanAsUtra' kA racanAkAra batAte hue likhA hai : "tataH 335 zranunigodavyAkhyAtA kAlakAcArya: / 'kilAsmadvat saMprati bharate kAlakAcAryo nigodavyAkhyAteti' zrIsImaMdharavAcaM zrutvA vRddhaviprarUpeNendraH kAlakAcArya-pArzve tathaiva nigodavyAkhyAzravaNAdanu nijamAyurapRcchat / taizca zrutopayogAdindro'sAviti jJAtaH / prayaM ca prajJApanopAMgakRt" yaha pahale hI batAyA jA cukA hai ki pannavaraNA sUtra kI racanA kA upakrama karate hue pannavaraNA sUtrakAra ne isakI Adi meM jo tIna gAthAeM dI haiM, unameM dUsarI aura tIsarI gAthA ke bIca meM Arya zyAmAcArya ke pazcAdUvartI kisI AcArya ne "vAyagavaravaMsApro, tevIsa imeNa dhIrapurisega" - ina padadvaya se prArambha hone vAlI do gAthAeM jor3akara sadA ke liye spaSTa kara diyA hai ki isa zrataratna pannavaraNA sUtra kI racanA zrArya zyAma ne kI hai / ina sabhI uparyukta suspaSTa, paraspara puSTa evaM prabala pramAraNoM se yaha nirvivAda rUpeNa siddha ho jAtA hai ki vIra nirvAraNa saM0 335 se 376 taka yuga pradhAna pada para rahe tevIsaveM vAcaka zreSTha prArya zyAma ne pannavaraNA sUtra kI racanA kI / ' mahAniri suhastI ca sUrizrI guNasundaraH / zyAmA skandilAcAryo, revatImitra sUrirAT // zrI dharmo bhadraguptazca, zrI gupto vajrasUrirAT / yugapradhAnapravarA, darzate dazapUrviNa: / / [vicArazreNi pariziSTam, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaM0 2,4] 2 paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 17 3 guNa sundara cauprAlA, evaM tisayAparaNatIsA || tato igacAlIsaM nigoyavakkhAya kAligAyariyo | [jaina sA0 saMzodhaka zraM0 2, pR0 4] balissahasya ziSyaH svAti tacchiSyaH zyAmAcArya prajJApanAkRt / zrI vIrAt SaTsaptatyadhikazatatraye ( 376) svargabhAk / [ paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhA0 1, pRSTha 46 ]

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716 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prajJA0 praura SaTkhaNDAgame digambara paramparA ke labdha pratiSTha vidvAna DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina aura zrIpAdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye ne SaTkhaNDAgama, prathama khaNDa ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke apane sammilita sampAdakIya meM - "prArya zyAma hI pannavaraNA sUtra ke racanAkAra hai" - isa tathya ko saMdehAspada siddha karane kA prayAsa karate hue likhA hai :-- .........."una donoM prakSipta gAthAnoM meM pannavaNA sUtra kA nAma bhI nahIM mAyA / jisa zrutaratna kA dAna zyAmAcArya ne diyA usase kisI anya grantharatna kA bhI to abhiprAya ho sakatA hai| yadi haribhadrAcArya ne bhI ina gAthAoM ko prakSipta kaha kara TIkA kI hai, to isase itanA mAtra siddha hayA ki unake samaya arthAt prAThavIM zatI meM zyAmAcArya kI khyAti ho cukI thii| kintu isase pUrva kaba va kisake dvArA ve gAthAeM jor3I gaIM, isake kyA pramANa haiN| una gAthAnoM meM zyAmAcArya ko vAcaka vaMza kA teiMsavAM puruSa kahA hai / yaha vaMza kaba prArambha huA paura usakI teIsavIM pIr3hI kaba par3I, isakA lekhA-jokhA kahAM hai ? unase pUrva grantha kI aMgabhUta gAthA meM to spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki paNNavaNA kA upadeza bhagavAn jinavara ne bhavya janoM kI nivRtti hetu kiyA thA, jaba ki prakSipta gAthAoM meM durdhara dhIra va samRdabuddhi muni zyAmAcArya dvArA kisI anirdiSTa zrutaratna kA dAna apane ziSyagaNa ko diyA gyaa| kyA prastuta grantha ke karttatva ke viSaya meM mUla aura propa kI mAnyatA eka hI kahI jA sakatI hai / '' .. DaoN. dvaya kI prathama tIna aura aMtima, ina cAra dalIloM meM to vastutaH koI manahIM hai| kyoMki uparyukta do gAthAeM pannavaraNA sUtra kI mUla gAthAoM ke bIca jor3I gaI haiM tathA tIsarI gAthA ke caturtha caraNa meM granthakAra dvArA apane liye prayukta - "ahamavi taha vaNNaissAmi" ko pUrNataH spaSTa karane vAlI haiM ki yaha "mahamavi" kahane vAle prAcArya zyAma hI haiM, anya koI nahIM / mUla gAthAnoM ke bIca meM dI huI ina gAthAtroM ko par3hate hI sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa puruSa ko bhI sahaja hI yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki nizcita rUpa se pannavaNA sUtra ko uddiSTa kara hI ye gAthAeM yahAM rakhI gaI haiM aura prArya zyAma ne isI grantharatna pannavaNA sUtra kA apanI ziSya-praziSya santati ko dAna diyA hai / yadi ye donoM gAthAeM pannavaraNA sUtra kI mUla gAthAoM ke bIca meM na hokara anyatra kahIM phUTakara rUpa meM hotI to sampAdaka dvaya kI ina donoM dalIloM meM bar3A mahatvapUrNa vajana hotaa| tIsarI dalIla kA sIdhA sA uttara isa prakAra ho sakatA hai - haribhadrAcArya ko panavaNA kI TIkA karate samaya mUla pannavaraNAsUtra kI jo pratiyA~ milIM ve unake samaya se kama-aja-kama 400-500 varSa purAnI to sunizcita rUpeNa hoMgI syoMki Aja bhI katipaya AgamoM kI 800-600 varSa purAnI pratiyAM aneka pratyAgAroM-granthabhaNDAroM meM vidyamAna haiN| jaba prAcArya haribhadra ko apane samaya se 400-500 varSa purAnI pratiyoM meM uparilikhita 2 gAthAeM milIM aura inheM 'paTkhaNDAgama prathama khaMDa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, sampAdakIya, pR0 8

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prajJA praura SaTkhaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devari kSamAzramaNa anyakartRka batAte hue unhoMne inakI vyAkhyA kI, to isase to ye gAthAeM praja se 1600-1700 varSa purAnI siddha hotI haiM / ___ jahAM taka prakSipta gAthAnoM ke prakSepa ke samaya kA pIra prakSepakartA ke nAma kA prazna hai, svayaM DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye isa tathya se bhalIbhAMti paricita hai ki prakSepaka kA nAma aura samaya batAnA zatapratizata mAmaloM meM na sahI 99 pratizata meM to eka prakAra se asaMbhava hI hai| pravacanasAra para IsA kI 10 vIM zatAbdI meM amRtacandra' ne TIkA likhI, usa samaya strI kI usI bhava meM mukti kA niSedha karane vAlI "pecchadi Na hi ihaloga" mAdi 11 gAthAeM usameM nahIM thIM patana to amRtacandra ne una gAthAoM ko apane TIkA-grantha meM sthAna hI diyA aura na unakI vyAkhyA hI kii| prAcArya pramRtacandra se lagabhaga 200 varSa pazcAta hue jayasenAnAya ne una 11 mAthAnoM ko apanI TIkA meM sthAna dekara unakI vyAkhyA kI hai| unhoMne saSTa rUpa se TIkA meM likhA hai : "tadanantaraM strInirvANanirAkaraNapradhAnatvena 'pecchadi Na hi iha loga' ityAdyekAdaza gAthA bhavanti / tAzcAmRtacandraTIkAyAM na santi / " ina 11 gAthAnoM ko kisane aura kaba pravacanasAra meM prakSipta kiyA isakA santoSaprada uttara saMbhavataH kisI vidvAn ke pAsa nahIM hogaa| pannavaNA sUtra kI prAdi kI dUsarI pAra tIsarI gAthAmoM ke bIca meM prakSipta , 2 gAthAoM meM prAryazyAma ko vAcakavara-vaMza kA tevIsavAM puruSa batAyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM DaoNkTara dvaya ne apane sampAdakIya meM eka bar3A mahatvapUrNa muddA uThAyA hai ki yaha vAcakavaMza kaba prArambha huA aura usakI tevIsavIM pIr3hI kaba par3I-- isakA lekhA-jokhA kahAM hai ? / vastutaH yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai / prAcArya paramparA se saMbandhita vAGmaya meM isakA hala vidyamAna hai para katipaya vidvAnoM kA dhyAna usa ora nahIM gayA hai| pannavaNA sUtrAntargata upayuddhata do anyakartRka gAthAoM meM se prathama gAthA meM prArya zyAma ko vAcaka vaMza kA 23 vAM puruSa batAyA gayA hai / vAcaka zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue TIkAkAra haribhadra ne likhA hai - "vAcakAH pUrva-vidaH" arthAt vAcaka zabda kA artha hai pUrvajJAna ke jJAtA / pUrva-vidoM ko vAcaka mAna liye jAne kI sthiti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyArahoM gAdharoM kI. vAcakavaMza meM gaNanA karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| Arya sudharmA se vAcanAcAryoM kI gaNanA kiye jAne para Arya zyAma kA nAma 13 veM sthAna para prAtA hai| para indrabhUti prAdi gyArahoM ' Introduction-by A. N. Upadhye-on Pravachansara p. 101. 2 Same-p. 104. 3 pravacanasAra (e0 ena0 upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita), pR0 266 * hArIbhadrIyA prajJApanA vRtti, pR0 5

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718 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prajJA0 paura SaTkhaNDAgama gaNadharoM ko vAcaka mAna liye jAne para prArya zyAma nizcita rUpa se 23 veM vAcaka hI Thaharate haiM / vastutaH sabhI gaNadhara vAcaka arthAt prAgamoM kI vAcanA dene vAle hote hI haiM prataH unakI vAcakoM meM gaNanA karanA ucita bhI hai / jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai nandI sUtrAntargata paTTAvalI kI 20 vIM aura 21 vI gAthA meM 11 garagagharoM ke nAma dene ke pazcAt gAthA saM0 23 se 26 meM sudharmA se lekara mArya zANDilya taka vAcanAcAryoM ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai, inameM gautama gaNadhara se prArya zyAma taka nAmoM kI gaNanA kI jAya to Arya zyAma kA nAma tevIsaveM sthAna para hI pAtA hai| . isI prakAra vicArazreNI meM bhI gaNadharoM kI vAcakoM meM gaNanA kara pAyaM zyAma ko 23vAM vAcakavara batAte hue likhA hai : __ "mayaM ca prajJApanopAMgakRta siddhAnte zrIvIrAdanvekAdazagaNabhRdbhiH saha prayoviMzatitamaH puruSaH zyAmArya iti vyaakhyaatH|" siddhAnta meM prajJApanA upAMga ke racanAkAra pArya zyAma ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pazcAt, gyAraha gaNadharoM ko vAcakoM kI gaNanA meM sammilita kara tevIsavAM puruSa batAyA gayA hai' - prAcArya merutuMga kA yaha kathana saMbhavataH nandIsUtrAntargata paTTAvalI kI pora hI saMketa karatA hai|' nandIsUtrAntargata paTTAvalI vIra nirvANa saMvat 180 meM prAgama-niSNAta evaM eka pUrvadhara prAcArya devaddhigaraNI kSamAzramaNa dvArA apane samaya meM upalabdha sabhI prAcIna tathyoM para vicAra karane ke pazcAt nirmita kI gaI; yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai / ataH nandIsUtrAntargata paTTAvalI kI prAmANikatA ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra ke saMdeha kA kiMcitmAtra bhI avakAza nahIM raha jaataa| yaha bhI sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna suspaSTa eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 623 ke pAsapAsa mArya skaMdila aura nAgArjuna ke tatvAvadhAna meM huI skaMdilIyA evaM nAgArjunIyA AgamavAcanAoM meM aneka Agama niSNAta sthavira zramaNoM ne vicAravimarza ke pazcAt jina prAgamoM ke pAThoM ko susthita evaM susthira kiyA, unhIM mAgamoM ko vIra ni0 saM0680 meM devaddhikSamAzramaraNa aura kAlakAcArya caturtha ke tatvAvadhAna meM vallabhI meM huI aMtima AgavAcanA meM skaMdilI aura nAgArjunIina do bhinna Agama-vAcanAoM ke pAThoM kA paraspara milAna karane ke pazcAt sarva sammata rUpa se eka pATha nirdhArita kara AgamoM ko pustakArUDha kiyA gyaa| vIra - - ' jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaMDa 2, aMka 3 meM prakAzita vicAra zreNI' pR0 5 2 (ka) jesi imo praNuprogo;payarai prajjAvi praDDhabharahammi / bahunagaraniggayajase, te vaMde khaMdilAyarie // 32 // [naMdI sUtra paTTAvalI] (kha) durbhikSAnte ca vikramArkasyaikazatAdhika tripaMcAzata (623) saMvatsare sthavirarAyaskadilAcAryaruttaramathurAyAM jaina bhikSuNI saMdho melitaH / [himavaMta sthAvirAvalI]

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'prajJA0 aura paTavaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 716 ni0 saM0 626 meM huI pAgama vAcanAyoM ke jina pAThoM ke sambandha meM donoM vAcanAmoM ke pratinidhi eka mata na ho sake, una donoM pAThoM ko yathAvat pustakAruDha karate hue nAgArjunIyA vAcanA ke pAThoM ke sambandha meM "nAgajjuraNIyA puraNa evaM bharaNanti" athavA "aNNe pugaNa evaM bhAnti" - isa prakAra kA nirdeza kara diyA gayA / naMdIsUtra ke mUla pATha meM pannavaNA sUtra kA ullekha nimna likhita rUpa meM vidyamAna hai: "81 se ki taM ukkAliyaM ? ukkAliyaM praNegavihaM paNNattaM, ta jahA :dasaveyAliyaM 1, kappiyAkappiyaM 2, cUllakappasuttaM 3, mahAkappasutta 4, provAiyaM 5, rAyapaseriNayaM 6, jIvAbhigamo 7, paNNavaraNA 8,"......."mahApaccakkhANaM 26 se taM ukkAliyaM / yaha eka nivivAda tathya hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 180 meM huI AgamavAcanA meM prArya skaMdila aura gArya nAgArjuna ina donoM ke tatvAvadhAna meM vIra ni0 saM0 623 meM huI pAgamavAcanAmoM meM jina AgamoM kA pATha susthita evaM susthira kiyA gayA thA, unhIM prAgamoM ke donoM pAThoM kA ekIkaraNa karate hue use pustakAsTa kiyA gayA thA / aisI sthiti meM yaha to sunizcita rUpa se siddha ho jAtA hai ki vIra nirvANa 623 ke bahuta pahale se hI pannavaNA satra zramaNa-zramaNI-samUha ke smRtipaTala para aMkita ho unakA kaNThAbharaNa banA huA thaa| panavaNAsatra vastutaH vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376 taka yugapradhAnapada para virAjamAna 23 veM vAcakavara Arya zyAmAcArya kI hI kRti hai - isa tathya ke paraspara eka dUsare dvArA paripuSTa jitane adhika prabala aura prAcIna pramANa upalabdha haiM, utane adhika saMbhavataH dvAdazAMgI ko chor3akara zeSa prAgamoM meM se bahuta kama ke hI upalabdha ho skeNge| uparokta sabhI prabala pramANoM ke pariprekSya meM niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha pUrNataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki panavaNA satra AryazyAma dvArA vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376 ke bIca ke kisI samaya meM dRSTivAda se uddhRta unakI kRti hai| yadyapi nandI sUtrAntargata vAcakavaMza kI paTTAvalI aura merutuMgIyA vicAra zreNI ke uparyukta ullekhoM se bhalI-bhAMti yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki prAcArya zyAma vAcakavaMza ke eka dRSTi se 13 veM aura dUsarI dRSTi se 23 veM puruSa haiM tathApi hama zodhArthiyoM ke samakSa zodha hetu eka jaTila prazna upasthita karanA cAhate haiN| yAkinI mahattarAsana AcArya haribhadra ne pannavaNA satra kI TIkA meM uparyukta do anyakataka gAthAoM kI TIkA karate hue prArya zyAma ko vAcakavaMza kA 23 vAM puruSa to batAyA hai, para unhoMne unheM gautama gaNadhara se 23 vAM puruSa na batA kara Arya sudharmA se hI 23 vA puruSa batAte hue likhA hai :' naMdI sUtra saNi (muni puNya viyajI dvArA saMpAdita), pR0 57

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720 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prajA0 praura SaTkhaNDAgama ___ "vAcakAH parvavidaH, vAcakAzca te varAzca vAcakavarAH vAcakapradhAnA ityarthaH, teSAM vaMzaH - pravAho vAcakavaravaMzastasmin trayoviMzatitamena, tathA ca sudharmAdArabhya prAryazyAmastrayoviMzatitama eva,...... vartamAna meM jitanI bhI prAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvaliyAM upa... dha haiM, una saba meM prArya sudharmA se gaNanA kara prAryazyAma ko 13 vAM vAcanAcArya aura 12 vAM yugapradhAnAcArya batAyA gayA hai / sampUrNa jaina vAGmaya meM aisI eka bhI prAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI, jisameM Arya sudharmA se gaNanA kara Arya zyAma ko 23 vAM puruSa batAyA gayA ho| prAcArya haribhadra ke - "tathA ca sudharmAdArabhya Arya zyAmastrayoviMzatitama eva"-ina zabdoM se to spaSTataH yahI pratidhvanita hotA hai ki unakI dRSTi meM nizcitarUpeNa AryazyAma Arya sudharmA se 23 veM puruSa hI the| tabhI unhoMne sAdhikArika bhASA meM likhA hai - "sudharmAdArabhya Arya zyAmastrayoviMzatitama eva / " to kyA prAcArya haribhadra ke samakSa koI aisI padAvalI vidyamAna thI, jisameM prArya zyAma ko prArya sudharmA se 23 vAM puruSa batAyA gayA thA? yaha eka aisA jaTila prazna hai, jisakA uttara prAcArya paramparA kI vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha paTTAvaliyoM meM khojane para bhI kahIM nahIM milegaa| prAcArya haribhadra jaise ucca koTi ke vidvAn prAcArya binA kisI Thosa pramANa ke isa prakAra kI AdhikArika bhASA meM mArya zyAma ko Arya sudharmA se 23 vAM puruSa kabhI na likhte| isa prazna para gaharAI se vicAra karane ke pazcAt hameM to isI niSkarSa para paha~canA par3atA hai ki gyArahoM gaNadharoM kI vAcakoM meM gaNanA karane para hI mArya zyAma 23 veM vAcaka Thaharate haiN| haribhadrasari ko bhI sunizcita rUpeNa gyArahoM gaNadharoM kI vAcakoM meM gaNanA karanA abhISTa thA, isI kAraNa unhoMne vAcaka zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hae - "vAcakAH pUrvavidaH" arthAta parvajJAna ke vettAoM ko vAcaka mAnA gayA hai - yaha likhA hai| zAstroM kI vAcanA dene kA sabase pahalA kAma to vastutaH gagadharoM kA hI thA ataH vAcakoM meM nyAyataH sarvaprathama unakI gaNanA honI hI caahie| haribhadra ne bhI gaNadharoM ko vAcaka mAnakara pArya zyAma ko 23 vAM vAcaka likhA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne "indrabhUti gautamA. dArabhya" likhA hogaa| kintu Arya sudharmA se prArambha huI paTTAvaliyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kisI lipika ne "indrabhUtigautamAdArabhya" - isa pATha ko pracalita paTTaparaMparA ke viparIta samajha, jAnabUjha kara usake sthAna para - sudharmAdArabhya"yaha likha diyA ho| apanI samajha meM lipika ne apane prayAsa ko Ti-parihAra mAnA hogA para aisA karate samaya lipika ne isa ora koI dhyAna nahIM diyA ki Arya sudharmA se prArya zyAmAcArya 23veM nahIM apitu 13veM vAcaka hI hote haiN| tathyoM para AdhArita hamAre isa anumAna kA mUlyAMka cintaka itihAsavidoM para ' haribhadrIyA prajJApanAvRtti, pR0 5

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prajJA aura SaTkhaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa __721 nirbhara karatA hai| prArya sudharmA se Arya zyAmAcArya taka 376 varSa kA samaya aneka prAmANika ullekhoM dvArA paripuSTa aura tarka kI kasauTI para bhI kharA utaratA hai / ataH nandI sUtrAntargata paTTAvali meM ullikhita AcAryoM ke atirikta aura bhI koI ajJAtanAmA 10 prAcArya hue hoM, isa prakAra kI kalpanA to kisI bhI dazA meM nahIM kI jA sktii| ___ vastutaH - "sudharmAdArabhya" kisa dRSTi se likhA gayA hai, isa sambandha meM kahIM koI prAmANika ullekha upalabdha na hone ke kAraNaM hama sAdhikArika rUpa se kucha bhI kahane kI sthiti meM nahIM haiN| itihAsa ke vidvAna isa sambandha meM samUcita khoja kara vizeSa prakAza DAleMge to pratyuttama hogaa| "pannavaNAsUtra Arya zyAma kI kRti hai" - isa tathya ke prati zaMkA prakaTa karate hue zrI e. ena. upAdhye aura zrI hIrAlAlajI- ina DAkTaradvaya ne SaTkhaNDAgama, prathama pustaka (dvitIya saMskaraNa) ke apane saMpAdakIya meM likhA hai --- " - grantha kI aMgabhUta gAthA meM to spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki paNNavaNA kA upadeza bhagavAn jinavara ne bhavyajanoM kI nivRtti hetu kiyA thA, jaba ki prakSipta gAthAoM meM durddhara, dhIra va samRddhabuddhi muni zyAmAcArya dvArA kiyA pranirdiSTa zrutaratna kA dAna apane ziSyagaNa ko diyA gyaa| kyA prastuta grantha karttatva ke viSaya meM mUla aura prakSepa kI mAnyatA eka hI kahI jA sakatI hai ?" prAja ke jaina jagata ke ucca koTi ke ina do vidvAnoM dvArA likhI gaI uparokta paMktiyoM ko par3hakara saMbhavataH pratyeka prabuddha pAThaka ko vastutaH bar3A Azcarya hogaa| kyoMki pannavaNA sUtra kI aMgabhUta dUsarI aura tIsarI gAthA kA artha isa prakAra hai : ___"bhavya janoM kI nivatti karane vAle jinezvara ne zrataratna ke prakSayya bhaNDAra svarUpa sabhI bhAvoM kI prajJApanAoM kA upadeza diyA // 2 // jisa prakAra bhagavAna ne (saba bhAvoM kI prajJApanA kA) varNana kiyA, usI prakAra maiM bhI dRSTivAda se uddhRta adbhuta zrutaratna svarUpa isa adhyayana (pannavaraNA sUtra) kA nirUpaNa-varNana karU gA // 3 // ___tosarI gAthA ke anta meM ullikhita ve "ahamavi" kauna haiM, yaha sunizcita rUpa se batAne ke liye hI mukhyataH kisI ajJAtanAmA prAcArya ne do gAthAeM mUla ke bIca meM jor3I haiM, jinameM sAra rUpa meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jisa tevIsaveM vAcakottama prArya zyAma ne zrutasAgara se uddhata kara (yaha) zrutaratna ziSya samUha ko diyA, una Arya zyAma ko namaskAra hai| __mUla gAthAoM ke pazcAt ina anyakartaka prakSipta gAthAoM ko par3hane se anAyAsa hI yaha bodha ho jAtA hai ki mUla gAthAoM meM granthakAra ne apanA nAma na batAkara apane liye jo kevala "ahamavi" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, use do prakSipta .' panavaNA, gA. 2 bhora 3

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722 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAma-dvitIya bhAga [prajJA praura SaTkhaNDAgama gAthAnoM ne pUraka gAthAoM kA kAma karate hue spaSTa kara granthakAra kA sAra rUpa meM mAvazyaka paricaya de diyA hai| samajha meM nahIM pAtA ki SaTakhaNDAgama ke vidvAn sampAdakoM ko yahAM mUla aura prakSepa kI mAnyatA meM vibheda kisa prakAra dRSTigocara humaa| mUla gAthA meM bhagavAn ko mUlataMtrakartA aura apanA 'mahamavi' se paricaya dene vAle prAcArya ko vastutaH upatantrakartA - arthAt paNNavaraNAkAra batAyA hai| prakSipta kahI jAne vAlI una do anyakatrtRka gAthAoM meM bhI granthakAra ke nAmollekha ke sAtha mUla gAthAnoM kI puSTi kI gaI hai| "pannavaNA sUtra kI racanA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kI," yaha niSkarSa vihAn sampAdakoM ne kisa prakAra nikAlA? mUla aura prakSipta-donoM hI prakAra kI gAthAoM meM panavaNAkAra bhagavAn ko na batA kara 'prahamavi' ke rUpa meM apanA paricaya dene vAle Arya zyAma ko pannavaraNAkAra batAyA gayA hai| tripadI ke upadeza kartA ke rUpa meM mUlatantratakartA to prabhu mahAvIra hI haiN| usa upadeza ke prAdhAra para dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karane vAle gyArahoM gaNadhara anutantrakartA aura anutantra dRSTivAda se prArya zyAma ne 'pannavaNA sUtra' uvRta kiyA prataH mArya zyAma upatantrakartA haiN|' mUlataH to pannavaNA sUtra bhI bhagavAn kI hI vAraNI hai| jisa prakAra panavaNA ko prArya zyAma kI kRti mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra paTkhaNDAgama ko puSpadanta-bhUtabali kI kRti mAnA gayA hai|' bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko prAdhAra banAkara pannavaNAkAra kI taraha zvetAmbara aura digambara, paramparA ke aneka vidvAn prAcAryoM ne aneka pranyoM kI racanAeM kIM, isa tathya ke pramANa jaina vAGmaya meM pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| bodhaprAbhata kI nimnalikhita gAthAnoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki pannavaNAkAra ke pada-cinhoM para aneka prAcArya cale haiM : rUvatyaM zuddhatyaM, jisamagge jiraNavarehi jaha bhaNiyaM / bhagvajaNabohaNasthaM, chakkAyahiyaMkaraM uttaM // 60 // saddaviyAro humo bhAsAsutesu jaM jiNe kahiyaM / so taha kahiyaM gANaM, sIseraNa bhaddabAhussa // 61 / / ' pannavaNAkAra ne anya racanA kA upakrama karate hue pratijJA kI hai ki zrI vIra prabhu ne jisa taraha saMsAra ke samasta bhAvoM kI prajJApanAmoM kA upadeza .' puNa aNNehiM visuvAgamabuddhijuttehi berehi appAThayANaM maNuyANaM prappabuddhisattINaM kaduggAhaka-ti pAUNa taM deva prApArAi suyaNANaM paraMparagataM atyato gaMpatoya pratibahu ti kAUraNa praNukaMpA NimittaM dasavetAliyamAdi paviyaM taM paNegamedaM mrnnNgpvilu| .. [pAvazyaka pUNi, mA 1, pR.] 'tado mataMtakattA baDhamANa bhaDArapro, praNutaMtakatA godamasAmI, upavaMtakatArA davani pussphyNtaadyo| [SaTsamyAgama, bhAga 1, pR.73]

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prajJA praura SaTkhaNDAgama] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 723 diyA, usI taraha maiM bhI prajJApanAsUtra nAmaka isa adbhuta zrutaratna kA varNana kruuNgaa| ThIka usI taraha apane grantha kA upasaMhAra karate hue bodhapAhuDakAra ne bhI kahA hai ki bhavyajanoM ko bodha dene evaM SaDjIva nikAya ke hitArtha bhagavAna ne jo upadeza diyA, vaha zabdoM ke rUpa meM DhAlA jAkara bhASA sUtroM ke svarUpa meM prakaTa huaa| jinendra prabhu ke usa upadeza ko usI rUpa meM bhadrabAha ke ziSya ne kahA hai| ina saba tathyoM para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane se sahaja hI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki pannavaNAsUtra tevIsaveM vAcaka Arya zyAma kI hI kRti hai| zrI e0 ena0 upAdhye aura zrI hIrAlAlajI dvArA prastuta zaMkAyoM ke bAre meM jo vicAra Upara prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unase yaha spaSTataH siddha ho jAtA hai ki unakI zaMkAeM na nyAya saMgata hI haiM aura na tarkasaMgata hii| uparyullikhita vistRta vivecana se yaha bhalI bhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki patravaraNAsUtra kI racanA prAryazyAma ne vIra ni0 saM0 335 se 376 ke bIca kisI samaya kii| isake viparIta SaTkhaNDAgama ke racanAkAra prAcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kA nizcita samaya batAne vAle prAmANika ullekha digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM haiN| harivaMza purANa meM dI haI prAcAryaparamparA kI paTTAvalI para vicAra karane ke pazcAt arhadbali kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 763 se 783 athavA 761 taka kA siddha hotA hai| yadyapi dharasena aura puSpadaMta tathA bhUtabali ko koI prAmANika paTTaparamparA upalabdha nahIM hotI, phira bhI dhavalAkAra tathA indranandI ke zrutAvatAra viSayaka vivaraNa ko par3hane se dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 800 aura usase bhI pazcAt kA anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| Age abhI isI adhyAya meM isa prazna para vizeSa prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama ke samAna hI kaSAya-pAhur3a kA bhI digambara paramparA ke mAgama granthoM meM sarvopari sthAna hai| jayadhavalAkAra ne jayadhavalA meM tathA indranandI ne zrutAvatAra meM prAcArya guNadhara ko kaSAya-pAhar3a kA kartA batAyA hai| digambara paramparA kI paTTAvaliyoM meM kahIM prAcArya guNadhara kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| indranandI ne bhI zrutAvatAra meM likhA hai ki prAcArya guNadhara aura dharasena kI gurU-ziSya paramparA kA pUrvApara krama kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI arhabali dvArA kiye gaye saMgha vibhAjana kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue indranandI ne likhA hai : ye zAlmalImahAdrumamUlAdyatayo'bhyupAgatA teSu / kAzcid guNadhara saMjJAnkAMzcid guptAhvayAnakarot / / 14 / / .. arthAt - zAlmalI mahAvRkSa ke mUla se jo sAdhu Aye the, unameM se katipaya ko prahabali ne guNadhara saMjJA aura katipaya ko gupta saMjJA pradAna kii| ' prAbhRta saMgraha, pR0 66

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724 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [prajJA0 aura SaTkhaNDAgama isase anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki guNadhara saMghavibhAjana se paryAptarUpeNa pUrvavartI prAcArya rahe haiM aura unakI ziSya praziSya saMtati ko prarhadvali ne guNadhara saMgha ke nAma se abhihita kiyaa| kaSAya-pAhar3a ke uddharaNa, prAdhAra, sAkSI evaM nirdeza prAdi zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka granthoM 'zatakariNa' tathA 'saptatikAriNa' Adi meM upalabdha hote haiN| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pUrvavartI samaya meM yaha grantha zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI usI prakAra mAnya thA, jisa prakAra ki digambara paramparA meM mAnya hai| kapAya-pAhur3a kI cUNi meM "savaliMgesu ca bhajjANi" - arthAt cAritraveSa dhAraNa kiye vinA jIva anya tIthikoM ke veSa meM bhI kSapaka ho sakatA hai - yaha jo bAta kahI gaI hai, vaha digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA se viruddha par3atI hai| isake atirikta kaSAya-pAhar3a kI cUriNa meM RjusUtra naya ko dravyAthika naya ke rUpa meM batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke viparIta hai| digambara paramparA meM negama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra naya ko dravyArthika naya tathA RjusUtrAdi nayoM ko paryAyAthika naya mAnA gayA hai| kaSAya prAbhRta cUNi meM 'dezopazamanA' kA adhikAra zvetAmbara anya 'kammapayaDi' meM se jAna lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|' jayadhavalA meM kaSAya-pAhar3a ke racayitA AcArya guNadhara ko tathA yativRSabha ke guru prArya maMca evaM nAgahasti ko vAcaka batAyA hai| vAcaka paramparA vastutaH zvetAmbara paramparA kI eka kramabaddha evaM vizruta paramparA mAnI gaI hai| kevala yahI nahIM guNadhara, maMkSu aura nAgahasti ye tInoM prAcArya digambara paramparA kI kisI bhI kramavaddha athavA prakramabaddha paTTAvalI meM dRSTigocara nahI hote| ina katipaya tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka vidvAnoM dvArA guNadhara ko zvetAmbara AcArya tathA unakI kRti kasAya pAhur3a ko zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha batAyA jAtA hai| vastuta SaT- khaNDAmama aura kaSAya-pAhur3a ye donoM mUla grantha donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya hone yogya haiN| kAlanirNaya ke sambandha meM gambhIra bhrAnti : harivaMzapurANa, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, uttara purANa, tiloyapannattI, jaMbUdvIpa paNNattI, indranandIkRta zrutAvatAra, aura nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI Adi digambara paramparA ke sabhI mAnya granthoM meM vIra ni0 saMvat 683 taka aMga jJAna kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vIra ni. saM. 345 meM aMtima daza pUrvadhara 1 jA sA kara govasAmaNA sA duvihA.... 'desakaraNovasAmaNAe duve NAmANi desakaraNovasAmaraNA ttivi / apasattha uvasAmaNAtti vi / esA kammapaDisu / (kasAya-pAhur3a cUriNa, pR0 707).

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kA0 saM0 meM ga0 bhrAMti ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : devaddha kSamAzramaNa 725 prAcArya dharmasena ke svargastha hone ke anantara pUrvajJAna ke vicchinna hone kA ina sabhI granthoM meM ullekha hai| yahAM taka kevala kevalikAla ko chor3akara dazapUrvadharoM' taka kI zrutaparamparA kI vidyamAnatA ke sambandha meM uparokta granthoM ke racayitAoM kA mataikya hai / isake pazcAt ekAdazAMgadhara praura prAcArAMgadhara AcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM bhI nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke atirikta uparokta sabhI granthoM meM. yaha sarvasammata abhimata vyakta kiyA gayA hai ki vIra ni. saM. 565 meM aMtima ekAdazAMgaghara kaMsArya ke divaMgata hone para ekAdazAMgadharoM kI paramparA samApta ho gaI aura vIra nirvAraNa saM. 653 meM aMtima AcArAMgadhara lohArya kA svargavAsa hote hI AcArAMga bhI vicchinna ho gayA / ina sabhI granthoM meM eka svara se yaha mAnyatA prakaTa kI gaI hai ki eka aMga ( zrAcArAMga ) dhAriyoM meM aMtima AcArya lohArya hue aura unake pazcAt sabhI zrAcArya pUrvajJAna tathA aMgajJAna ke eka dezaghara hI hue tathA paMcama dhAraka kI samApti paryanta sabhI prAcArya pUrva evaM aMgajJAna ke eka dezaghara hoMge / digambara paramparA kI katipaya paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI upayukta granthoM ke uparilikhita abhimata kI puSTi kI gaI hai / digambara paramparA meM zatAbdiyoM se sarvasammata rUperaNa calI prArahI isa mAnyatA evaM prAsthA ko I0 san 1913 ke " jaina siddhAnta bhAskara", bhAga 1, kiraNa 4 meM chapI nandI saMgha kI (tathAkathita) prAkRta paTTAvalI ne thor3A hilA diyA / I0 san 1936 meM prakAzita dhavalA, prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA meM prasiddha vidvAn DA. hIrAlAla ne gautama Adi AcAryoM ke samaya para vicAra karate hue dhavalA, jayadhavalA, harivaMza purANa, zrutAvatAra ( indranandIkRta) Adi ke etadviSayaka ullekhoM ko prastuta karane ke pazcAt nandIsaMgha kI tathAkathita paTTAvalI ko uddhRta kiyA / isa paTTAvalI meM nirvANa pazcAt ke 3 kevaliyoM, 5 zrutakevaliyoM aura 11 aMgadharoM kA to vahI samaya diyA gayA hai, jo harivaMza purANa, tiloya paNNattI, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, uttara purANa, zrutAvatAra Adi meM ullikhita hai / parantu aMtima 10 pUrvadhara dharmasena ke pazcAt pAMca ekAdazAMgadharoM kA samaya jahAM uparyukta prAcIna granthoM meM 220 varSa batAyA gayA hai, vahAM nandI saMgha kI kahI jAne vAlI isa paTTAvalI meM 123 varSa hI diyA gayA hai / jahAM dhavalA Adi uparicita sabhI graMthoM meM subhadra, yazobhadra, bhadrabAhu aura lohAcArya ko ekAMgadhArI ( prAcArAMgadhara ) batAte hue ina cAroM kA samaya samuccaya rUpa se 118 varSa ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, vahAM nandI saMgha kI isa paTTAvalI meM uttarapurANa ( parva 76, pR. 537 ) aura puSpadantakRta prapabhraMza ke mahApurANa meM vIra ni. saM0 1 se 64 taka kevalikAla mAnA gayA hai / - sampAdaka 2 subhadro'tha yazobhadro, bhadrabAhugaMNAgraNI / lohAcAryeti vikhyAtA, prathamAMgA bdhipAragAH // 10 // [kASThA saMghasya gurvAvalI ?

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726 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti inheM daza, nava evaM prATha aMgadhArI' batAkara ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM ke kAla meM se kATe gaye 67 varSoM ko inake sAtha saMlagna karate hue ina cAroM kA samaya 67 varSa batAyA hai / isa prakAra digambara paramparA ke prAmANika mAne jAne vAle sabhI graMthoM meM antima zrAcArAMga - dhara lohArya kA samaya jahAM vIra nirvAraNa saMvat 683 batAyA gayA hai, use nandI saMgha kI isa prAkRta paTTAvalI meM 118 varSa pIche kI zrora Dhakela kara vIra ni. saM. 565 ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara lohArya ke pazcAt hue vinayadhara zrAdi 4 prarAtI muniyoM kA samaya nirdeza to dUra nAmollekha taka isa paTTAvalI meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kevala yahI nahIM apitu digambara paramparA ke samasta vAGmaya kI mAnyatA se pUrNataH viparIta eka prati vilakSaNa evaM prAzcaryajanaka ullekha ke sAtha nandI saMgha kI tathAkathita paTTAvalI meM lohArya ke pazcAt zrahaMdvali, mAghanaMdI, dharasena, puSpadaMta aura bhUtavalI, ina pAMca prAcAryoM ko prAcArAMgadhara batAne ke sAtha sAtha ina pAMcoM kA kula samaya 118 varSa batAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra aMga jJAna ke vicchinna hone kA samaya harivaMza purANAdi kI mAnyatAnusAra vIra ni. saM. 683 yathAvat rakhate hue paTTAvalIkAra ne subhadra, yazobhadra, bhadrabAhu, aura lohArya ko 10, 6 tathA aSTAMgadhara banAkara vIra ni. saM0 683 meM svargastha hue lohArya kA 118 varSa pUrva, vIra ni. saM. 783 ke lagabhaga svargastha hue prAcArya arhadvali kA vIra ni0 saM0 563 meM divaMgata honA batAyA hai | dhavalA prathama bhAga kI prapanI prastAvanA meM DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne isa paTTAvalI kI vizeSatAoM aura doSoM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt isakI prAmArikatA aura aprAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM apanA koI nizcita abhimata vyakta nahIM karate hue likhA hai- "samayAbhAva ke kAraNa isa samaya hama isakI prora adhika jAMca par3atAla nahIM kara sakate / kintu sAdhaka-bAdhaka pramAraNoM kA saMgraha karake isakA nirNaya kiye jAne kI AvazyakatA hai / " " dhavalA ke uparyukta prathama bhAga ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke sampAdakIya meM DaoN0 dvaya zrI hIrAlAlajI aura e. ena. upAdhye ne 'pannavaraNA sUtra aura paTkhaNDAgama' meM pratipAdita viSaya tathA anya katipaya sAmyatAoM para apane bahumUlya vicAra prakaTa kara vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai kintu nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke prakAzana se nirvAraNAnantara hue prAcIna AcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM jo bhrAnta evaM saMdigdha dhAraNA utpanna ho gaI hai, usake sambandha meM koI spaSTIkaraNa prastuta nahIM kiyA hai / yadyapi DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne ukta prastAvanAntargata apane niSkarSa meM "nandI saMgha prAkRta paTTAvalI' kI prAmANikatA athavA prAmANikatA viSayaka koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai para harivaMza purANAdi meM diye gaye vIra ni. saM. 1 se 683 " nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM yaha nahIM batAyA gayA hai ki ina cAroM prAcAryoM meM se kauna-kauna se prAcArya kitane kitane aMgoM ke jJAtA the / - sampAdaka 2 dhavalA, prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA, pR. 25

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi samAzramaNa taka hue gautamAdi lohAryAnta prAcAryoM ke samuccayakAla kI tulanA meM nandI saMgha prAkRta paTTAvalIkAra dvArA pratyeka prAcArya ke pRthak pRthak diye gaye kAla ko kucha adhika vizvasanIya batAyA hai|' isake sAtha hI harivaMza purANa, dhavalA, zrutAvatAra Adi meM ullikhita pAMca ekAdazAMgadharoM ke samuccaya 220 varSa ke kAla ke sthAna para nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta pAvalI meM diye gaye 123 varSa ke kAla nirdeza kA tathA prAcArAMgadhara subhadra, yazobhadra, bhadrabAhu aura lohArya ko daza, nava va pATha aMgadhArI batAte hue zeSa bace 67 varSa ke samaya ko ina cAroM meM vibhakta kiye jAne evaM ina cAra prAcArAMgadharoM ke sthAna para ahaMbalI, mAghanandI, dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ina aMgajJAna ke eka dezadharoM kA prAcArAMgadharoM ke rUpa meM ullekha kara zeSa 118 varSa kA samaya inameM vibhakta kiye jAne ko eka prakAra se buddhigamya athavA tarkasaMgata batAte hue DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne likhA hai : "isa paTTAvalI meM jo aMga viccheda kA krama aura usakI kAlagaNanA pAI jAtI hai, vaha anyatra kI mAnyatA ke viruddha jAtI hai| kintu usase akasmAt aMgalopa sambandhI kaThinAI kucha kama ho jAtI hai aura jo pAMca prAcAryoM kA 220 varSa kA kAla asaMbhava nahIM to duHzakya jaMcatA hai| usakA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| para yadi yaha ThIka ho to kahanA par3egA ki zruta paramparA ke saMbaMdha meM harivaMza purANa ke kartA se lagAkara zrutAvatAra ke kartA indranandI taka ke saba prAcAryoM ne dhokhA khAyA hai aura unheM ve pramANa upalabdha nahIM the jo isa paTTAvalI ke. kartA ko the|" yadyapi DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne apanI ukta prastAvanA meM isa prazna ko anirNIta hI chor3a diyA hai ki nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI vizvasanIya evaM prAmANika hai athavA nahIM tathApi unakI prastAvanA ke uparilikhita do uddharaNoM se nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI dvArA prakAza meM Aye, naye evaM ati vilakSaNa abhimata ko bala milaa| paM0 jugalakizorajI dvArA prAcArya ahaMbali kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 713 anumAnita kiyA gayA hai| para nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke abhimata ko mAnya kara liye jAne para inakA samaya isase 120 varSa pUrva arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 563 ThaharatA hai / parama zraddheya arhabali Adi prAcArya nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM ullikhita mAnyatAnusAra adhika prAcIna siddha hote haiM, isa dRSTi se prAtyantika dharmAnurAgavazAt prAkRta paTTAvalI kI mAnyatA kevala ' "jahAM aneka kramAgata vyaktiyoM kA samaya samaSTi rUpa se diyA jAtA hai, vahAM bahudhA aisI bhUla ho jAyA karatI hai| kintu jahAM eka eka vyakti kA kAla nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai, vahAM aisI bhUla kI saMbhAvanA bahuta kama ho jAtI hai ..............." prastuta paramparA meM ina 220 varSoM ke kAla meM aisA hI bhrama huA pratIta hotA hai|" _ [dhavalA, bhAga 1 (dvitIya saMskaraNa) kI prastAvanA, pR. 24] 2 samantabhadra, (paM0 jugalakizora mukhtyAra) pR0 61 / / 3 naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI gA0 saM0 15 aura 16 /

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728 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti sAdhAraNa jana-mAnasa meM hI nahIM apitu coTI ke vidvAnoM ke hRdaya meM bhI ghara karane lgii| kSallaka jinendravarNI jaise bahazrata evaM adhyayanazIla vidvAna ne bhI prati zlAghanIya parizrama se nirmita apane janendra siddhAnta koza meM DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ke apUrNa abhimata ko-4 prAcArya paramparA-isa zIrSaka ke nIce -dRSTi naM0 2 (dhavalA, bhAga 1, prastAvanA 24/ nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI- isa paMkti dvArA eka mAnyatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita kara diyA hai|' chadmastha dvArA bhUla saMbhava hai, isa saMdarbha meM tathyAtathya kI gaharAI meM utare binA DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye abhimata ko, jisa para svayaM unhoMne apanA nirNaya aura adhika tathyoM kI gaveSaNA ke pazcAt hI dene kA spaSTataH ullekha kiyA hai, prAcIna prAcAryoM kI mAnyatA ke samakakSa hI nahIM apitu usase bhI sabala mAnyatA ke rUpa meM pratiSThApita karate hue varNI jI ne nimna noTa prAdhikArika bhASA meM likha diyA hai ___"noTa - pahalI dRSTi meM lohAcArya taka hI 683 varSa pUre kara diye, parantu dUsarI dRSTi meM lohAcArya taka 565 varSa hI hue haiN| zeSa 118 varSoM meM anya 6 prAcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo Age batAyA jAtA hai| ina donoM meM prathama (dvitIya) dRSTi hI yukta hai| isake do kAraNa haiM, eka 220 varSa meM 5 AcAryoM kA honA duHzakya hai aura dUsare 683 varSa pazcAt SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA prasiddha hai, usakI saMgati bhI isI mAnyatA se baiThatI hai.|"3 varNIjI ne jainendra siddhAnta koSa - prathama bhAga ke pRSTha 331 para jo prAcAryaparamparA kI samayasAriNI dI hai, usameM gautama se lohAcArya kA vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 683 taka ke kAla kA vivaraNa dene ke pazcAt DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI dvArA arddhasamarthita nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM likhe gaye gautamAdi lohAcAryAnta prAcAryoM ke vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 565 taka ke kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu isa cArTa ke pazcAt pRSTha 332 para dI gaI lohAcArya se bhUtabalI taka ke kAla kI sAriNI, pRSTha 335 se 336 para - "4 samayAnukrama se prAcAryoM kI sUcI" zIrSaka ke nIce dI gaI sAriNI, pRSTha 345 para dI gaI punnATa saMgha ke prAcAryoM kI kAla nirdeza sahita sUcI tathA pRSTha 348 se 355 para - 6 pAgama paramparA, samayAnukrama se pAgama kI sUcI- nAmaka zIrSaka ke nIce dI gaI sAriNI meM eka mAtra nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ko hI mAnyatA pradAna kara arhabalI, mAghanandI, dharasena, puSpadanta, bhUtabali kA samaya 565 se 683 ke bIca kA dete hue inase pazcAdvartI prAcAryoM kA bhI unake vAstavika kAla se lagabhaga 160 varSa pUrva hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1 janendra siddhAnta koza, bhA0 1, pR0 331 / 2 yahAM "prathama dRSTi" yaha saMbhavataH presa kI galatI se chapa gayA hai| varNI jI kA abhiprAya nandIsagha kI prAkRta paTTAvalo meM ullikhita dvitIya dRSTi se hai| . - sampAdaka 3 janendra middhAnta koza, bhA0 1, pR0 331 /

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 726 harivaMza purANa meM dI gaI AcArya paramparA ke anusAra arhabali kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 763 se 783 athavA 761 ke bIca kA siddha hotA hai kintu varNIjI ne Aja se 1160 varSa pUrva ke likhita puSTa pramANa kI apekSA bhI DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI dvArA kevala anumAna ke AdhAra para arddhasamarthita nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTIvalI meM ullikhita arhabali ke vIra ni0 saM0 565 se 563 taka ke kAla ko prazraya dekara pUrNa prAmANika ThaharAne kA prayAsa karate hue jainendra siddhAnta koSa meM usa hI kA ullekha kiyA hai|' harivaMzapurANa meM prAcArya jinasena ne lohAcArya ko aMtima AcArAMgadhara batAte hue unakA aMtima samaya 683 aura svayaM dvArA harivaMza purANa kI racanA kA kAla zaka saM0 705 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1310 ullikhita kiyA hai| para varNIjI ne punnATa saMgha kI prAcArya paramparA ke prAcAryoM kI jo sUcI dI hai, usameM harivaMza purANakAra AcArya jinasena kA to vahI samaya (zaka saM0 705) diyA hai, jo harivaMza meM ullikhita hai kintu lohAcArya kA samaya harivaMzapurANa ke ullekhAnusAra vIra ni0 saM0 683 na dekara nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke anusAra vIra ni0 saM0 515 se 565 diyA hai / katipaya prAcAryoM tathA unakI kRtiyoM ko, unake vAstavika samaya se doDhAI sau varSa pUrvakAlIna siddha karane ke prayAsa kA hI pratiphala hai ki prAcIna granthoM ke ullekhoM kI prAmANikatA ko saMdehAspada batA nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ko sarvAdhika prazraya dekara use prAmANikatA kA jAmA pahanAne kA asaphala prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| vastutaH isa prakAra kI pravRtti itihAsa kI garimA ke liye bar3I ghAtaka siddha ho sakatI hai| jainendra siddhAnta koSa meM nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta padrAvalI ke ullekhoM ko eka mAnyatA ke rUpa meM sthAna de diyA gayA hai| yaha pravRtti Age na bar3hane pAye aura yahIM samApta kara dI jAya isa dRSTi se yahAM isa prazna para vistArapUrvaka vizeSa prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| vAstavika sthiti ko samajhane ke liye sarva prathama dhavalA tiloyapaNNattI, uttara purANa, harivaMza purANa, zrutAvatAra Adi prAcIna granthoM ke una ullekhoM ko yahAM prastuta karanA Avazyaka hai, jo ki paramparAgata mAnyatA ke mUla prAdhAra haiN| prAcArya vIrasena (zaka saM0 738) ne digambara paramparA ke parama mAnya SaTkhaNDAgama-vedanA khaNDa kI TIkA meM vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 683 taka prAcAryoM ke kAla evaM krama kA nimnalikhita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai : ___ "bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mukta hone para gaNadhara gautama kevalajJAnI hue| 12 varSa taka kevalI rUpa meM vicaraNa kara ve bhI mukta hue| unake pazcAt prAcArya lohArya kevalajJAna ke dhAraka hue| ve bhI 12 varSa taka kevalI rUpa meM vihArakara nirvANa ko prApta hue| 38 varSa taka kevala vihAra se vicaraNa kara prArya jambU bhI siddha hue| pArya jambU ke mukta hone para kevalajJAna paramparA kA bharata kSetra meM 'janendra siddhAnta koSa, bhA0 1, pR0 345

Page #860
730 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 gaM0 bhrAnti varSa vyuccheda ho gayA / isa prakAra vIra nirvANa ke 62 varSa pazcAt bharata kSetra se kevalajJAna rUpI sUrya asta ho gayA / zrArya jambU ke nirvANa ke pazcAt sakala zrutajJAna kI paramparA ko dhAraNa karane vAle ( dvAdazAMga evaM caturdaza pUrva-ghara ) prAcArya viSNu hue / unake pazcAt caturdaza pUrvajJAna kI avicchinna santAna paramparA ke rUpa meM kramaza: nandi, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye sakala zruta ( dvAdazAMgI) ke dhAraka hue| ina pAMca zrutakevaliyoM ke kAla kA yoga 100 rahA / bhadrabAhu ke svarga gamanAnantara bharata kSetra se zrutajJAna rUpI candra pUrNAvasthA meM nahIM rahA aura bharata kSetra ajJAnAndhakAra se paripUrNa huA / bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt 11 aMgoM tathA vidyAnuvAda paryanta dRSTivAda aMga ke dhAraka ( ekAdazAMga tathA daza pUrvadhara) vizAkhAyeM hue / vidyAnuvAda ke prAge ke 4 pUrva, unakA eka deza avaziSTa rahane ke kAraNa vyucchinna ho gaye / isa vikalAvasthA meM zrutajJAna vizAkhAcArya se kramaza: proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtiSeNa, vijaya, buddhila, gaMgadeva aura dharmasena- ina prAcAryoM kI paramparA se 183 varSa taka raha kara vyucchinna ho gayA / dharmasena ke svargastha hone ke sAtha hI dRSTivAda rUpI prakAza ke naSTa ho jAne para 11 aMgoM evaM dRSTivAda ke eka deza ke dhAraka prAcArya nakSatra hue / vaha ekAdazAMga rUpa zrutajJAna jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena zraura kaMsa - ina (5) zrAcAryoM kI paramparA se 220 varSa paryanta rahakara vyucchinna ho gayA / kaMsAcArya ke svargastha hone ke anantara 11 aMga rUpa prakAza ke vyucchinna ho jAne para subhadrAcArya zrAcArAMga ke tathA zeSa aMgoM evaM pUrvI ke eka deza ke dhAraka hue| zrAcArAMga bhI subhadrAcArya se kramazaH yazobhadra yazobAhu aura lohAcArya kI paramparA se 118 varSa rahakara vyucchinna ho gayA / isa ( gautama se lekara aMtima AcArAMgadhara lohAryaM taka ) saba kAla kA yoga ( 62 + 100 + 183+220+118 =683) chaha sau terAsI varSa hotA hai / ' dhavalAkAra ne Age calakara spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai- "lohAiriye saggalogaMgade prAyAra divAyaro pratthamino / evaM bArasasu diraNayaresu bharahakhetammi pratthamisu sesAiriyA savvesimaMgapuvvANamegadesabhUda pejjadosa-mahAkammapaDipAhuDAdIraNaM dhArayA jAdA / " arthAt lohArya ke svargastha hone para prAcArAMga rUpI sUrya asta ho gayA / isa prakAra bharata kSetra se 12 sUryo ke prasta ho jAne para zeSa prAcArya saba aMgoM tathA pUrvo ke ekadezabhUta 'pejjadosa' prora 'mahAkammapayaDipAhuDa' prAdikoM ke dhAraka hue / 1 mahAdimahAbIre limbude saMte kevalaraNAraNatAraNaharo godama sAmI jAdo" 'subhaddAiriyo prAyAraMgassa sesaMgapumvA raNa mega desassa ya ghArabho jAdo / tado mAyAraMgaMvi jasadda - jasabAhu-lohAiriyaparaMparAe aThThArahottaramarisasayamAgaMtUNa bocchiNaM / savvakAla samAso teyAsIdIe mahiyachassadametto ( SaTkhaNDAgama, vedanAkhaNDa, dhavalATIkA yukta, bhAga 6, pR0 130 - 131 ) vahI, pR0 133

Page #861
731 . kAla ni0 brAnti] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa - digamvara paramparA ke prAmANika mAne jAne vAle grantha tiloya paNNattI meM bhI vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 683 taka hue prAcAryoM ke tathA thutaparamparA ke kAla kA jo vivaraNa diyA gayA hai vaha uparilikhita dhavalA ke vivaraNa se paryApta rUpeNa milatA hai / tiloya paNNattoM meM bhI lohArya ko aMtima yAcArAMgadhara batAte hue vIra ni0 saM0683 meM unakA svargastha honA batAyA gayA hai aura yahAM spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki lohArya ke pazcAt bharata kSetra meM koI prAcArAMgadhara nahIM hogaa|' indranandI ne bhI apane grantha zrutAvatAra meM vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM svargastha hue aMtima yAcArAMgadhara lohArya saura unake pazcAdvartI katipaya prAcAryoM kA nAmollekha karate hue kucha aitihAsika ghaTanAgroM para nimnalikhita rUpa meM prakAza DAlA hai : bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvAgA hote hI tatkSaNa gautama gaNadhara ko kevala jJAna humA aura ve 12 varSa kevalI raha kara mukta hue / gautama kA nirvANa hote hI mudharma muni ne kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| sUdharma bhI 12 varSa kevalI ke rUpa meM vicaraNa kara siddha hue| sudharma ke nirvANa ke samaya hI jambU ko kevala jJAna kI prApti haI aura ve 38 varSa taka kevalI rUpa se vicaraNa kara mukta hue| ye tInoM hI anubaddha kevalI the / jambU ke mukta hote hI kevalya sUrya bharata kSetra se prasta ho gyaa| (tInoM kevaliyoM ke kAla kA yoga 12+12+3862) / - jaMbU ke pazcAt viSNu, nandi, aparAjita govarddhana aura bhadrabAhu ye 5 zrutakevalI hue ina pAMcoM zrutakevaliyoM kA sammilita kAla 100 varSa rahA / zrutakevaliyoM kA 100 varSa kA kAla vyatIta ho jAne para kramazaH vizAkhadatta, propThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAgasena, siddhArtha, dhRtipeNa, vijayasena, buddhimAn, 1 bAsaTThI vAsAriNa godamapahudIraNa gANavaMtANaM / dhammapayaTTaNakAle, parimAraNaM piMDarUveNaM / / 1478 / / NaMdI ya dimitto vidiyo avarAjido taijjo ya / govaddhaNo cauttho, paMcamagro bhaddavAhutti // 1482 / / paMca ime purisavarA, ca udasa punvI jagammi vikkhAdA / ...... / / 1483 / / paMcANa melidANaM kAlapamAraNaM havedi vAsasadaM / ...... / / 1484 / / ..........dasapuvagharA ime suvikkhAdA / pAraMpariprovagado, tesIdisadaM ca tANa vAsANi / / 1486 / / -ekkArasaMgadhArI, paMca ime vIra titthammi // 1488 / / doNi sayA vIsajudA, vAsANaM tANa piNDa parimAraNaM / ......||1486 / / paDhamo subhaddaNAmo, jasabhaddo taha ya hodi jasabAhU / turimo ya lohaNAmo, ete pAyAra aMgadharA / / 1460 / / sesekkarasaMgANaM coddasapuvvANamekkadesadharA / ekkasayaM aTThArasavAsajudaM tANa parimANaM / / 1461 / / tesu pradIdesu tadA, prAcAradharA Na hoMti bharahammi godamamuNipahudINaM, vAsANaM (683) chassadANi tesIdI / / 1492 / / . [tiloyapaNNattI, 4 mahAdhikAra]

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732 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga* bhrAnti gaMga aura dharma ye 11 muni dazapUrvadhara hue| ina gyArahoM dazapUrvadharoM ke kAla kA yoga 183 varSa hai| aMtima dazapUrvadhara dharma muni ke svargagamana ke pazcAt anukrama se nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, drumasena aura kaMsa nAmaka 5 muni ekAdaza aMgoM ke dhAraka hue / ina pAMca 11 aMgadharoM ke kAla kA yoga 220 varSe hotA hai| ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM kA 220 varSa kA samaya bIta jAne para kramazaH subhadra, abhayabhadra, jayabAhu mora lohArya ye cAra muni AcArAMgadhara (eka aMgadhArI) kula milA kara 118 varSoM meM he|' isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke . nirvANa ke pazcAt kevalajJAnI gautama se lekara aMtima pAcArAMgadhara lohArya taka vIra nirvANa saM0 ke 683 varSa vyatIta hue| isI prakAra uttarapurANa tathA brahmahemacandra kRt zruta skandha meM bhI indrabhUti gautama se aMtima prAcArAMgadhara lohArya taka prAcAryoM kA uparicita.krama dene ke pazcAt lohArya ke pazcAt AcArAMga kA viccheda batAyA gayA hai| brahma ' bhagavatparinirvANakSaNaevAvApa kevalaM gaNabhRt / gautamanAmA so'pi, dAdabhivatsaramuktaH // 72 / / nirvANakSaNa evAsAvApat kevalaM sudharmamuniH / / bAdazavarSANi vihRtya so'pi mukti parAmApa / / 73 // jambUnAmApi tatastanirvatisamaya eva kaMvalyam / prApyATatrizatamiha samA vihRtyApa nirvANam // 74 / / -jambUnAmA mukti prApa yadAsI tathaiva viSNumuniH / pUrvAMgabhedabhinnAzeSazrutapArago jAtaH // 76 // evamanubaddhasakalazrutasAgarapAragAmino'trAsan / nandyaparAjitagovarddhanAhvayA bhadrabAhuzca // 7 // eSAM paMcAnAmapi kAle varSazatasammite'tIte / dazapUrvavido'bhUvaMstata ekAdaza mahAtmAnaH / / 7 / / teSAmAdyo nAmnA vizAkhadattastataH krameNAsan / proSThilanAmA kSatriyasaMjJo jayanAgasenasidArthAH / / 7 / / dhatiSeNa vijayasenI ca buddhimAn gaMga dhrmnaamaanii| eteSAM varSasataM azItiyutamajani yugasaMkhyA ||80 // . nakSatro jayapAlaH paannddudumsenkNsnaamaanii| ete paMcApi tato babhUvurekAdazAMgaparAH / / 1 / / vizatyadhikaM varSazatadvayameSAM babhUva yugsNkhyaa| bhAcArAMgadharAzcatvArastata udabhavan kramazaH // 2 // prathamasteSu subhadro'bhayabhadro'nyAparo'pi jayabAhuH / lohAryo'ntyazcate'STAdazavarSayugasaMkhyA // 3 // [zrutAvatAra - indranandI] 2 uttara purANa, parva 76, zlo0 118 se 120 tathA zlo. 515 se 527

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733 kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa hemacandra ne indranandIkRta tAvatAra ke samAna hI apane zrataskaMdha meM indrabhati gautama se lekara aMtima pAcArAMgadhara lohArya taka vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa vyatIta hone kA ullekha kiyA hai|' uparyallikhita pAMcoM paTrAvaliyoM meM diye gaye tathyoM kI jambUdvIpa paNNattI ke antargata dI gaI zratadhara paTTAvalI dvArA pUrNataH puSTi kI gaI hai| pAThakoM ko anyatra khojanA na par3e isa dRSTi se use yahA~ avikala rUpa se diyA jA rahA hai : ___ zrutadhara-paTTAvali gamiUNa vaDDhamANaM, sasurAsuravaMdidaM vigayamohaM / varasudaguruparivADiM, vocchAmi jahANupunvIe // 1 // viula girituMgasihare, jiriMgada iMderaNa vaDDhamAraNeNa / godamamuriNassa kahidaM, pamANaNayasaMjudaM pratthaM // 2 // teNa vi lohajjassa ya, lohajjeNa ya sudhammaraNAmeNa / gaNahara sudhammaraNA khalu, jaMbU NAmassa ripaTTi // 3 // caduramalabuddhi saride, tiNNede gaNadhare gunnsmgge| kevalaNANapaIve, siddhipatte NamaMsAmi / / 4 / / gaMdI ya NaMdimitto, avarAjida murigavaro mhaatepro| govaDDharaNo mahappA, mahAguNo bhaddabAhU ya // 5 // paMcede purisavarA, caudasapuvvI havaMti gaayvvaa| bArasa aMgadharA khalu, vIra jiriMNadassa raNAyavvA // 6 // taha ya visAkhAyarimo,poTilo khattimoya jaya rnnaamo| NAgo siddhatyo vi ya, dhidiseraNo vijaya NAmo ya // 7 // buddhilla gaMgadevo, dhammaseNo ya hoi pcchimno| . pAraMpareNa ede dasapuvvadharA samakkhAdA // 8 // raNakkhatto jasapAlo paMDu dhuvaseNa kaMsa Ayariyo / eyArasaMgadhArI, paMcajaNA hoMti NiddiTTA / / 6 / / pAmeNa subhadda jasabhaddo taha ya hoi jasabAhU / AyAradharA gayA, apacchimo loha gAmo ya / / 10 / / pAiriya paraMparayA sAyara dIvAraNa taha ya pnnnnttii| saMkheveNa samatthaM, vocchAmi jahANupuvvIe / / 11 / / isI prakAra kASThA saMgha kI gurvAvalI meM bhI indrabhUti gautama se lekara lohArya taka yahI krama dete hue nimnalikhita zloka meM lohArya ko aMtima prAcArAMgaghara batAyA gayA hai : subhadro'tha yazobhadro, bhadrabAhargaNAgraNIH / lohAcAryeti vikhyAtA, prathamAMgAndhipAragAH / / 10 / / - ' brahmahemacandra viracita zrutaskaMdha, gAthA 66, 67,71 se 76 -

Page #864
jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti punATa saMgha ke prAcArya jinasena ne vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1310 taka kI prAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI do hai / AcArya paramparA kI itanI lambI avadhi kI kramabaddha evaM avicchinna paTTAvalI digambara paramparA meM anyatra dekhane meM nahIM prAtI / isa paTTAvalI kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki indrabhUti gautama se lekara aMtima zrAcArAMgadhara lohArya taka 683 varSa kI zrAcArya paramparA kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt lohAcArya ke anantara saMgha vibhAjana se pUrva ke prAcAryoM ke kramabaddha nAma dekara tatpazcAt saMgha vibhAjana ke anantara hue punnATasaMgha ke prAcArya kA anukramazaH nAmollekha kiyA hai / isa paTTAvalI ke mahattva ko abhI taka prAMkA nahIM gayA hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya to bhI anucita nahIM hogA ki isa paTTAvalI kI prAja dina takaM vidvAnoM dvArA upekSA kI jAtI rahI hai / 734 nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke mAdhyama se prAcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM jo eka jaTila samasyA utpanna kara dI gaI hai, usakA samucita rUpeNa sadA ke lie samAdhAna karane meM yaha paTTAvalI bar3I sahAyaka siddha hogI, ataH ise yahAM yathAvat diyA jA rahA hai : : harivaMza purANAntargata paTTAvalI trayaH kramAtkevalino jinAtpare, dviSaSTivarSAntarabhAvino'bhavan / tataH pare paMca samasta pUrviNastapodhanA varSazatAntare gatAH ||22|| tryazItike varSazate tu rUpayuk, dazaiva gItA dazapUrviNaH zate / dvaye ca vize'GgabhRto'pi paMca te, zate ca sASTAdazake caturmuniH ||23|| gurU: subhadro jayabhadranAmakaH paro yazobAhuranantarastataH / mahArhalohArya guruzca ye dadhuH, prasiddhamAcAramahAGgamatra te / / 24 / / isI taraha apabhraMza bhASA ke labdhapratiSTha kavi puSpadanta ne apane mahApurANa meM vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt hue kevaliyoM, zrutake valiyoM, dazapUrvadharoM, ekAdazAMgadharoM tathA ekAMgadharoM kA uparivariNata kAla batAte hue lohAcArya ko aMtima zrAcArAMgadhara batAyA hai / " isa prakAra dhavalA, tiloyapaNNattI, indranandIkRta zrutAvatAra, brahma hemacandra kRta zrutaskandha, uttara purANa, jambUdvIpa paNNattI ke antargata dI huI zrutadhara paTTAvalI aura harivaMza purANa meM vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 683 taka hue indrabhUti gautama se lekara aMtima pracArAMgadhara lohArya taka prAcAryoM kA kAla tathA krama sarvasammata rUpeNa eka samAna diyA gayA hai| gautama se lohArya taka sabhI prAcAryoM ke kAla athavA krama ke sambandha meM uparivariNata sabhI granthakAra eka mata haiM / kahIM kisI kA kiMcitamAtra bhI matabheda dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / digambara paramparA ke uparilikhita prAcIna evaM prAmANika mAne jAne vAle granthoM ke spaSTa ullekha ke uparAnta bhI AcArAMgadhara lohAcArya kA kAla vIra ni0 , mahApurANa (puSpadanta), sandhi 100, pR0 274

Page #865
kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 735 saM0 565 anumAnita karane kI mAnyatA kA eka mAtra AdhAra nandi AmnAya kI prAkRta paTTAvalI hai / isa paTTAvalI ke prArambha ke zloMkoM evaM paTrAvalI kI gAthAnoM para bhASA, zabda, bhAva Adi kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para svataH hI yaha prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki na to yaha koI ucca koTi ke vidvAn ko hI kRti hai aura na prati prAcIna hI / isa paTTAvalI ke prathama zloka ke tRtIya evaM caturtha caraNa tathA tRtIya zloka ko paDhate hI sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa bhASAvid para bhI sahaja hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha paTTAvalI prati svalpa bhASAbodha vAle kisI sAdhAraNa racanAkAra kI sAmAnya kRti hai| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI prAcIna purANoM evaM tiloya paNattI jaise mAne hue grantha se bhinna mAnyatA kI jananI hone ke kAraNa isa paTTAvalI kA bahata hI bar3A mahatva hai / itihAsa meM abhiruci rakhane vAle vijJoM ke vicArArtha isa paTTAvalI ko yahAM diyA jA rahA hai: __nandi prAmnAya ko paTTAvalI zrI trailokyAdhipaM natvA, smRtvA sadgurubhAratIm / vakSye paTTAvalI ramyAM mUla saMgha gaNAdhipAm / / 1 / / zrI mulasaMgha pravare, nandyAmnAye mnohre|| balAtkAra gaNottaMse, gacche. sArasvatIyake / / 2 / / kundakundAnvaye zreSThamuttamaM zrIgaNAdhipaM / / tamevAtra pravakSyAmi, zrUyatAM sajjanA janAH // 3 // paTTAvalI: aMtima-jiNa-NivvANe, kevalaNANI ya goyama muriNnndo| vArahavAse ya gaye sudhammasAmI ya saMjAdo // 1 // taha bAraha vAse puraNa saMjAdo jaMbusAmi murinnrnnaaho|| aThatIsavAsa rahiyo, kevalaNAraNI ya ukkiTTho / / 2 / / vAsaTThI-kevalavAse tihi muNI goyama sudhamma jambU ya / / bAraha vAraha do jaNa, tiya dugahINaM ca cAlIsaM / / 3 / / suyakevali paMca jaNA bAsaTri vAse gaye susNjaadaa|| paDhama, caudahavAsaM viNhukumAraM muNeyavvaM / / 4 / / naMdimitta vAsa solaha tiya aparAjiya vAsa bAvIsaM / igahINa vIsavAsaM, govaddharaNa bhaddabAhu guNatIsaM // 5 sadasuya kevalagANI, paMca jaraNA viNha naMdimitto y| aparAjiya govaddharaNa taha bhaddabAhu ya saMjAdA / / 6 // sada bAsaTTi suvAse gae su- uppaNNa daha suputvhraa| sada-tirAsi / vAsAriNa ya emAdaha muNiMvarA jAdA / / 7 / / - pAyariya visAkhapoTula khattiya jayaseraNa nAgaseNa munnii| siddhattha dhitti vijayaM buhiliMga deva , dhamaseNaM / / 8 / /

Page #866
jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti daha ugaraNIsa ya sattara, ikavIsa aTThAraha satara / aTThAraha teraha vIsa caudaha codaya (soDasa) kameNeyaM / / 6 / / aMtima jiNa NivvANe, tiyasaya-pagaNa-cAlavAsa jAdesu / egAdahaMgadhAriya. paMcajaNA muriNavarA jAdA / / 10 // nakkhatto jayapAlaga paMDava dhuvasena kaMsa paayriyaa|| aThAraha vIsa-vAsaM guNacAlaM coda battIsaM / / 11 / / sada tevIsa vAse, egAdaha aMgadharA jaadaa|| vAsaM sattAraNavadiya, dasaMga nava aMga aTTadharA / / 12 / / subhadaM ca jasobhaI, bhaddabAhu kameNa ca / lohAcayya muNIsaM ca, kahiyaM ca jiNAgame / / 13 / / chaha aTThAraha vAse tevIsa vAvaraNa (paNAsa) vAsa mariNa gAhaM / dasa raNava aTuMgadharA, vAsa dusadavIsa sadhesu / / 14 / / paMcasaye paNasaThe, aMtima-jiNa-samaya jAdesu / / uppaNA paMcajaNA, iyaMgadhArI muNeyanvA / / 15 / / ahivalli mAghanaMdi ya dharaseNaM pupphayaMta bhUdavalI / aDavIsaM igavIsa ugaNIsaM, tIsa vIsa vAsa puNo / / 16 / / igasaya-aThAra-vAse, iyaMgadhArI ya muNivarA jAdA / cha saya tirAsiya vAse givvANA aMgachittikahiya jiNe / / 17 / / sattari-cau-sada yuto, jiNakAlA vikkamo havai jammo / aTha varasa bAlalIlA soDasa vAsehi bhammie dese / / 18 / / pagarasa vAse rajjaM, kuNaMti micchovdessNyutto| cAlIsa barasa jigavara-dhamma pAlIya surapayaM lahiyaM / / 16 / / isa paTTAvalI ke anusAra vIra ke pazcAt kI prAcArya - kAlagaNanA isa prakAra pAtI hai: vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt 1. gautama kevalI 12 ___6. vizAkhAcArya daza pUrvadhara 10 2. sudharma , 12 10. proSThila 3. jambU svAmI , . 38 11. kSatriya 62 12. jayasena 4. viSNu zrutakevalI 14 13. nAgasena 5. nandimitra , 16 14. siddhArtha 6. aparAjita , 22 15. dhRtiSaNa .7. govardhana , 16 16. vijaya 8. bhadrabAhu . , 17. buddhiliMga . 18. deva 26 ww}

Page #867
737 20 kAsa ni. ga. bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi samAzramaNa 16. dharmasena daza pUrvadhara 14 ( 16) 26. yazobhadra 10,6 va 8 aMgadhArI 18 yoga 181 (183) -- 27. bhadrabAhu (2), 23 20. nakSatra 11 aMgadhArI 18 28. lohAcArya , 52 (50) 21. jayapAla , 20 yoga 66 (67) 22. pANDava , . 36 26. ahaMdbali 1 aMgadhara 28 varSa 23. dhruvasena , 14 30. mAghanandi , 21 24. kaMsa , 32 31. dharasena 16 yoga 123 32. puSpadaMta 25. subhadra 10,6,8 33. bhUtabali " aMgadhArI 6 yoga 118 pUrNa yoga 62+100+183+123+67+118683 . harivaMzapurANa, zrutAvatAra aura nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI - ina tIna granthoM ke atirikta anya sabhI uparyukta granthoM meM granthakAroM ne Arya lohAcArya taka samApta hue vIra ni0 ke 683 varSoM ke pazcAt na to prAcAryoM kA nAmanirdeza hI kiyA hai aura na kAlanirdeza hii| . __indranandi dvArA zratAvatAra ke zloka saMkhyA 74, 75, 76, 81 aura 2 meM 'tataH' zabda kA prayoga pUrvApara anukrama batAne ke liye. kiyA gayA hai / 'tata.' zabda kA svataH siddha sIdhA sA artha hai- usake pazcAt / uparicacita zlokoM meM bhI 'tataH' (tadanantaram) zabda kA prayoga isI artha meM kiyA gayA hai ki pUrvavariNata prAcArya ke pazcAt amuka-amuka prAcArya hue, pUrvacarcita zrutaparamparA ke anantara amuka zrutaparamparA kA astitva rahA aura ina ina aitihAsika ghaTanAmoM ke ghaTiraH hone ke pazcAt ye aitihAsika ghaTanAeM ghaTita huii| vIra nirvANa saM0 1 se 683 varSoM ke sudIrghakAla meM hue gautamAdi lohAryAta prAcAryoM kevalI, zrutakevalI, caturdazapUrvI, dazapUrvI paura prAcArAMgadhArI zrutaparamparA paricaya dene ke pazcAt indranandi ne apane zrutAvatAra meM puna: 'tataH' zabda ke ! ke sAtha aMga-pUrva ke dezadhara prAcAryoM kA anukrama nimnalikhita rUpa meM diyA / :: zrIdattaH, zivadatto'nyo'rhaddattanAmaite / pArAtIyA yatayastato'bhavannaMgapUrvadezadharAH / / 84 // * gaMgapUrvadezakadezavitpUrvadezamadhyagate / zrApuNDravardhanapure munirajani tato'haMbalyAkhyaH / / 8 / / arthAt - tataH tadanantaraM (aMtima prAcArAMgadhara lohArya ke pazcAt) vinayadhara, zrIdatta, zivadatta aura marhaddatta nAma ke cAra (4) pArAtIya muni aMgapUrva

Page #868
738 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti . ke eka deza ke dhAraka hue / tataH - arhaddatta ke pazcAt pUrvadeza ke madhyabhAga meM sthita zrIpuNDravardhanapura meM saba aMgoM evaM pUrvo ke dezadhara arhadvali nAmaka muni hue| indranandi ne isa sthala para eka zloka se arhadvali ke guNoM kA varNana karate hae kahA hai -- "ve arhadvali jinavANI ke dhAraNa aura prasAraNa ke vizuddha atizaya se yukta evaM sat - vimala kriyA (sAdhvAcAra) ke pAlana meM sadA udyata rahate the| ve aSTAMga nimitta ke jJAtA tathA sandhAna, anugraha aura nigraha karane meM samartha the|" . __ arhadvali kI mahimA kA varNana karane ke pazcAt saMghavibhAjana kA ullekha karate hue zrutAvatArakAra ne likhA hai - "eka samaya pAMca varSoM ke pazcAt kiye jAne vAle yuga-pratikramaNa ke avasara para sau-sau yojana se mUnisamAja ekatrita hmaa| yuga-pratikramaNa ke avasara para arhadvali ne ekatrita sakala zramaNa saMgha ko yaha kahate hue ki bhaviSya meM kAlaprabhAva se gaNapakSapAta kA prAbalya rahegA-zramaNa saMgha ko nandIsaMgha, vIra saMgha, aparAjita saMgha, deva saMgha, sena saMgha, bhadrasaMgha, guNadhara saMgha, gupta saMgha, siMha saMgha aura candra saMgha- ina daza saMghoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa|" saMgha-vibhAjana kA vivaraNa dete hue indranandi ne likhA hai ki usa yuga pratikramaNa ke avasara para ekatrita hue samasta muni giriguhA, azokavATa, paMcastUpa, zAlmalImahAdrumamUla aura khaNDakesara nAmaka 5 sthAnoM se pAye the / pratyeka sthAna se Aye hue muniyoM ko do do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara arhadvali ne anukramazaH uparokta 10 saMghoM kI sthApanA kii| apane isa abhimata kA AdhAra prastuta karate hue indranandi ne eka ajJAtalekhaka kA nimnalikhita prAcIna zloka uddhRta kiyA hai : prAyAto nandivIro prakaTagiriguhAvAsato'zokavATA.ddevAzcAnyo'parAdirjita iti yatipo sena bhadrAhvayo ca / paMcastUpyAtsaguptau guNadhara - vRSabhaH zAlmalIvRkSabhUlAniryAtau siMhacandrau prathitaguNagaNo kesarAtkhaNDapUrvAt / / eka anya mAnyatA kA ullekha karate hue indranandi ne likhA hai - "giriguhA se pAye hae mUniyoM se naMdisaMgha, azoka vana se pAye hae muniyoM se deva saMgha, paMca stUpa se prAye hue muniyoM se sena saMgha, zAlmalItaru ke mUla meM nivAsa karane vAle muniyoM se vIra saMgha aura khaNDakesara vRkSa ke mUla meM rahane vAle maniyoM se bhadrasaMgha isa prakAra pAMca saMgha hI gaThita kiye gaye / isa prakAra munisaMghoM ke pravartaka arhali ke prati vinaya pradarzita karane vAle pAMca prakAra ke kuloM ke prAcAra se pUjanIya (upAsya) pAMca prAcArya the|" arhadvali ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt mAghanandi nAmaka prAcArya hue| ve bhI eka deza aMgapUrva kI prarUpaNA kara samAdhipUrvaka svargastha hue / indra nandi ne mAghanandi ke svargastha hone ke anantara mahAtapA gharasenAcArya ke hone kA to ullekha kiyA hai kintu prAcArya dharasena prAcArya mAghanandi ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt tatkAla

Page #869
kAla ni0. ga* bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa 736 unake uttarAdhikArI bane athavA anizcita kAla vyatIta hone para prAcArya bane, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / indranandi dvArA zrutAvatAra ke zloka saM0 151 meM kiye gaye nirdeza se to yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki indranandi ke samaya meM dharasena ke kAla, guruparamparA, ziSyaparamparA tathA gaNa - gaccha prAdi ke sambandha meM na to kahIM kisI prakAra kA koI ullekha hI upalabdha thA aura na kisI ko etadviSayaka koI jAnakArI hI thii| indranandikRta zratAvatAra meM ullikhita paTa-paramparA ko zodhapUrNa sUkSma dRSTi se dekhane para sahaja hI yaha tathya prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0683 meM divaMgata hue aMtima prAcArAMgadhara prAcArya lohArya ke pazcAt vinayaMdhara se lekara prahabali taka prabhu vIra ke paTTadharoM kA jo nAmollekha kiyA hai, vaha anukramazaH eka ke pazcAt hue prAcAryoM kA kramabaddha ullekha hai| yadi kisI prakAra kA pUrvAgraha na ho to zrutAvatAra ke zloka saMkhyA 84 kA sIdhA sA artha isa prakAra hotA hai :- "tataH - tadanantara arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM svargastha hue lohArya ke pazcAt kramazaH vinayadhara, zrIdatta, zivadattaM pora prahaddata nAma ke aMga evaM pUrvajJAna ke ekadezadhara cAra mArAtIya muni hue|" - isa zloka kI zabdaracanA se isa prakAra kA kiMcinmAtra bhI prAbhAsa nahIM hotA ki vinayadhara prAdi ve cAroM muni eka hI samaya meM arthAt samakAlIna hue hoMge, kyoMki sampUrNa zratAvatAra ko dhyAnapUrvaka par3hane para usake 187 zlokoM meM se eka bhI aisA zloka dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, jisameM eka hI samaya meM hue do athavA do se adhika muniyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA ho| aisI sthiti meM ina cAroM prArAtIya muniyoM ke eka hI samaya meM hone kI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| ____ isa prakAra kI spaSTa sthiti ke hote hue bhI vizruta vidvAna paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne etadviSayaka upalabdha anya prAmANika sAkSya kI mora dhyAna na dekara apanI pustaka 'samantabhadra' ke pRSTha 161 para kevala apane anumAna ke prAdhAra para vinayadhara Adi cAroM pArAtIya muniyoM ko samakAlIna mAnakara ina cAroM kA samuccaya rUpa se 20 varSa kA samaya anumAnita kiyA hai| jana jagat ke khyAti prApta vidvAn DA. hIrAlAlajI ne bhI mukhtArajI kI kalpanA ko bala dete hue likhA hai : ____ "lohArya ke pazcAt cAra pArAtIya yatiyoM kA jisa prakAra indranandi ne eka sAtha ullekha kiyA hai, usase jAna par3atA hai ki saMbhavataH ve saba eka hI kAla meM hue the| isI se paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne una cAroM kA ekatra samaya 20 varSa anumAna kiyA hai|' zrI mukhtAra sA0 aura DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ke uparyuddhata anumAna. kA akSarazaH anukaraNa karate hue kSu0 zrI jinendravarNIjI ne eka prakAra se sunirIta tathya ke saMmAna vinayadhara Adi cAroM pArAtIya muniyoM ko samakAlIna batA kara ina cAroM ' SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga 1, dvitIya saMskaraNa kI prastAvanA, pR. 20

Page #870
740 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti kA samaSTi rUpa se 20 varSa kA samaya apane "jainendra siddhAnta koza" meM ullikhita kara diyA hai| vastutaH koza kA bahuta bar3A mahatva hotA hai / vaha bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ke liye sahasrAbdiyoM taka eka prAmANika thAtI ke rUpa meM prakAza stambha kA kAma karatA hai| usameM ullikhita pratyeka tathya sabhI dRSTiyoM se pUrvAgrahoM se pare aura parama prAmANika honA cAhie / vargIjI ne saikar3oM granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha harivaMza purANa kA bhI pAlor3ana kiyA hai| unhoMne prAja se 1200 varSa pUrva kI harivaMza purANa kI sAkSI ko daragujara kara punnATa saMgha kI paTTAvalI dete hue Adhunika vidvAnoM ke kevala anumAna aura kalpanA para AdhArita abhimata ko prazraya de kara lohAcArya Adi prAcAryoM ke kAla ko 118 varSa pIche kI ora Thelane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu punnATa saMgha ke prAcArya zAntisena, jayasena aura harivaMza purANakAra .jinasena kA samaya upalabdha sAhitya meM ullikhita hai ataH unheM use binA hera phera kiye yathAvat denA par3A hai / isase vAstavika tathya svataH hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai|' vastutaH indranandikRta zratAvatAra ke zloka saMkhyA 84 meM prayakta 'tataH' zabda kA adhyAhAra vinayadhara Adi cAroM muniyoM ke sAtha kara liyA jAtA aura harivaMza purANa meM vIra ni0 saM0683 ke pazcAt kI jo AcArya paramparA dI gaI hai, usa ora dRSTipAta kiyA jAtA to vAstavikatA sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna suspaSTa ho jAtI aura mukhtAra sA0 Adi tInoM vidvAnoM ko kalpanA evaM anumAna kA sahArA lene kI kiMcitmAtra bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| harivaMza purANa meM vIra ni0 saM0683 ke pazcAt lohAcArya se uttaravartI prAcArya paramparA isa prakAra dI huI hai : mahAtapobhRdvinayaMdharaH zrutAmRSizruti guptapadAdikAM dadhat / munIzvaro'nyaH zivagupta saMjJako guNaH svamarhabalirapyadhAt padam // 25 // arthAt vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM lohArya ke svargastha hone para kramazaH mahAn tapasvI vinayaMdhara, guptazruti, gupta RSi, munIzvara zivagupta aura prarhabali prAcArya pada para adhiSThita hue| yaha lohAcArya ke pazcAt kI aura arhabali ke samaya meM hue saMgha-vibhAjana se pUrva kI prAcArya paramparA hai| yahAM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki lohAcArya ke pazcAt vinayaMdhara, unake pazcAt guptazruti, phira gupta RSi, tadanantara zivagupta aura unake anantara ahaMbali prAcArya hue| vastutaH vinayaMdhara Adi ye pAMcoM hI prAcArya mUla AcArya paramparA ke kramazaH - eka ke pazcAt ekahue AcArya haiM, isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM to kisI ko koI bAdhA nahIM honI cAhiye, kyoMki digambara saMgha meM paramparA se yaha mAnyatA calI A rahI hai ki 1 janendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1, pR0 332 2 harivaMza purANa, sarga 66, zloka 22-33 3 janendra siddhAnta koza, bhA0 1 pR. 345

Page #871
kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 741 arhabali ne bhAvI paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pRthak pRthak saMghoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| indranandi ne to apane zrutAvatAra meM arhabali dvArA kiye gaye saMgha-vibhAjana kA vizad evaM suspaSTa vivaraNa diyA hai| isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki vinayaMdhara se ahaMbali taka jo pAMca AcAryoM ke nAma harivaMzapurANa aura zratAvatAra meM diye gaye haiM, ve anukramazaH hue mUla prAcArya-paramparA ke hI prAcArya haiN| yahAM eka bAta jo vicAraNIya hai, vaha yaha hai ki harivaMza purANakAra tathA zrutAvatArakAra-ina donoM ne hI lohArya ke pazcAt tathA saMghavibhAjana se pUrva hue prAcAryoM kI saMkhyA samAna rUpa se yadyapi 5 hI dI hai tathApi una 5 prAcAryoM meM se 2 prAcAryoM ke nAma donoM ne eka-dUsare se pUrNataH bhinna diye haiN| ina donoM granthakAroM ne lohAcArya ke pazcAt hue prathama prAcArya kA nAma vinayaMdhara aura pAMcaveM prAcArya kA nAma ahaMbali diyA hai| indranandi ne tIsare prAcArya kA nAma zivadatta aura jinasena ne cauthe prAcArya kA nAma zivagupta diyA hai| krama ke atirikta isa nAma meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| dUsare aura cauthe prAcAryoM ke nAma indranandi ne apane zrutAvatAra meM zrIdatta evaM arhaddatta likhe haiM para jinasena ne apane harivaMza purANa meM dUsare prAcArya kA nAma guptazruti tathA cauthe prAcArya kA nAma gupta RSi ullikhita kiyA hai / yaha nAma vaiSamya avazya hI kucha khaTakane vAlA hai para pUrvApara donoM prAcAryoM ke samAna nAma, tIsare prAcArya kA nagaNya antara ke sAtha nAma sAmya tathA donoM hI granthoM meM prAcAryoM kI samAna saMkhyA ko dekhate hue ina ullekhoM kI prAmANikatA meM kisI prakAra kA antara nahIM paataa| uparilikhita vibhinna granthoM meM katipaya AcAryoM ke nAmoM kI bhinnatA prAyaH yatra tatra dRSTigocara hotI hai| digambara paramparA ke katipaya granthoM meM kevala prAcAryoM hI nahIM apitu gaNadharoM ke nAmoM meM bhI vaibhinya pAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki harivaMza purANa meM dI gaI AcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI apane ApameM paripUrNa evaM sabhI dRSTiyoM se anya upalabdha paTTAvaliyoM kI apekSA adhika prAmANika hai| vIra ni. saM. 1 se 683 taka aura dUsare zabdoM meM kevalI gautama se lekara antima prAcArAMgadhara lohArya taka kI 683 varSa kI avadhi meM jinasena ne 28 prAcAryoM ke nAma diye haiM, jo dhavalA, tiloyapaNNattI, zrutAvatAra Adi sabhI prAmANika granthoM dvArA samarthita haiN| lohAcArya ke pazcAt vIra ni. saM. 683 se vIra ni. saM. 1310 (zaka saM. 705) taka kula milAkara 627 varSoM meM jinasena ne 31 (svayaM ko milAkara zAkeSvandazateSu saptasu dizaM paMcottareSattarAM pAtIndrAyudhanAmni kRSNanRpaje zrIvallabhe dakSiNAm / pUrvAM zrImadavantibhUbhRti nRpe vatsAdirAje'parAM, sUryANAmadhimaMDalaM jaya yute vIre varAhe'vati // 52 / / kalyANaH parivardhamAnavipulazrI vardhamAne pure, zrI pAliyanannarAjavasatau paryAptazeSaH purA / pazcAhoptaTikA-prajAprajanitaprAjyAcanAvarcane, zAnteH zAntagRhe jinasya racito vaMzo harINAmayam / / 53 / / [harivaMza purANa, sarga 66]

Page #872
742 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti 32) prAcAyoM kA honA batAyA hai, jo sabhI dRSTiyoM se susaMgata pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi jinasena ne vinayaMdhara se lekara AcArya amitasena taka 31 AcAryoM kA pRthak pRthak zrAcAryakAla nahIM diyA hai tathApi lohAcArya ke pazcAt vIra ni. saM. 683 se svayaM dvArA harivaMza purANa kI samApti kA samaya zaka saM. 705 tadanusAra vIra ni. saM. 1310 dekara yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki lohArya se lekara una svayaM ( jinasena ) taka kI 627 varSoM kI avadhi meM 31 AcArya hue| isa 627 varSa ke samuccaya kAla ko 31 prAcAryoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAya to moTe taura para eka eka AcArya kA kAla 20 varSa ke lagabhaga prAMkA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra harivaMza purANa kI prAcArya - paramparA kI paTTAvalI meM ullikhita tarkasaMgata evaM indranandikRta zrutAvatAra dvArA samarthita prAmANika tathyoM se vinayaMdharAdi pradubalyAnta pAMca AcAryoM kA, pratyeka AcArya ke 20 varSa ke kAla ke hisAba se, samuccayakAla 100 varSa aura tadanusAra arhadubali kA AcAryakAla vIra ni0 saM0 763 se 753 taka kA siddha hotA hai, na ki nandIsaMgha kI prAkRtta paTTAvalI ke anusAra vIra ni0 saM0 565 se 563 taka kA / yaha 160 varSa kA golamAla vastutaH zrutAvatAra ke zloka saMkhyA 84 kA pUrvAgrahAnusAra artha lagAne evaM harivaMza purANa meM dI huI paTTAvalI kI upekSA karane ke kAraNa huA hai / yadi digambara paramparA ke agragaNya vidvAnoM ne harivaMza purANAntargata prAcArya paramparA kI paTTAvalI para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA hotA to na to prAcAryoM ke kAla ke viSaya meM isa prakAra kI gambhIra bhrAnti hI utpanna hotI aura na use koza jaise prAmANika mAne jAne vAle grantha meM sthAna hI diyA jaataa| ina aitihAsika tathyoM ke prakAza meM arhadubali ke pazcAdadvartI mAghanandi, dharasena, puSpadanta, bhUtabali jinacandra, kundakunda Adi AcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM bhI punarvicAra karanA paramAvazyaka ho gayA hai / uparilikhita sabhI tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane para sahaja hI yaha tathya prakAza meM A jAtA hai ki prAcAryoM ke kAla ke viSaya meM huI isa bhUla kI mUla jananI vastutaH nandIsaMgha kI uparyuddhRta prAkRta paTTAvalI hai, jisakI ki hastalikhita mUla prati DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ke kathanAnusAra Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM haiM / ' Upara uddhRta kI gaI paTTAvaliyoM evaM sambaddha ullekhoM se yaha tathya to nirvivAda rUpeNa prakaTa ho cukA hai ki digambara paramparA ke sampUrNa vAGmaya meM khojane para eka bhI isa prakAra kI paMkti upalabdha nahIM hogI, jisase ki nandI 1 isa paTTAvalI kI jAMca karane ke liye hamane siddhAnta bhavana, ArA ko usakI mUla hastalikhita pratiM bhejane ke liye likhA, kintu vahAM se paM0 bhujabalI jI zAstrI sUcita karate haiM ki bahuta khoja karane para bhI usa paTTAvalI kI mUla prati mila nahIM rahI hai aisI zravasthA meM hameM usakI jAMca mudrita pATha para se hI karanI par3atI hai / [ SaTkhaNDAgama, bhA0 1 ( dvitIya saMskaraNa) kI prastAvanA, pR0 24]

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNaM 743 saMgha ko prAkRta paTTAvalI meM prAcAryoM evaM zrutaparamparA kI avasthiti ke sambandha meM ullikhita 'tIna loka se mathurA nyArI' isa lokokti ko caritArtha karane vAle vicitra abhimata kI puSTi hotI ho| prAcIna, madhyayugIna aura arvAcIna sabhI digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM lohArya ko aMtima prAcArAMgadhara batAte hue eka svara se yaha spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0683 meM lohArya ke svargastha hote hI dvAdazAMgI meM se avaziSTa eka mAtra prAcArAMga bhI vicchinna ho gayA / lohArya ke pazcAt koI prAcArya kisI eka bhI sampUrNa aMga kA jJAtA nahIM humA / lohArya ke pazcAdvartI sabhI prAcArya aMgajJAna evaM pUrva jJAna ke eka dezaghara hI hue| aisI sthiti meM nandI saMgha kI tathAkathita prAkRta pAvalI, jisakI ki mUla prati prAja kahIM upalabdha nahIM, jisake racanAkAra evaM racanAkAla taka kA koI patA nahIM, use kahAM taka prAmANika athavA aprAmANika mAnA jA sakatA hai, isa sambandha meM gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| _isa paTTAvalI meM sarva prathama 3 zloka saMskRta ke aura 16 gAthAeM prAkRta kI haiN| DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne isa paTTAvalI ke sambandha meM likhA hai :- "yaha paTrAvalI prAkRta meM hai aura saMbhavataH eka prati para se binA kucha saMzodhana ke chapAI gaI hone se usameM aneka bhASAdi doSa haiN| isa liye usa para se usakI racanA ke samaya ke sambandha meM kucha kahanA azakya hai| paTAvalI ke Upara jo tIna saMskRta zloka haiM, unakI racanA bahuta zithila hai| tIsarA zloka sadoSa hai|' para una para vicAra karane se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unakA racayitA svayaM paTTAvalI kI racanA nahIM kara rahA, kintu vaha apanI usa prastAvanA ke sAtha eka prAcIna paTTAvalI ko prastuta kara rahA hai|" . vastusthiti yaha hai ki isa paTTAvalI ke prArambha ke tIna saMskRta zlokoM ko yadi anyakatrtaka mAna liyA jAtA hai athavA inheM. paTTAvalI meM se haTA diyA jAtA hai to usa dazA meM kevala gAthAoM ko par3hane se kisI ko kiMcitmAtra bhI isa prakAra kA AbhAsa nahIM ho sakegA ki yaha kisa saMgha kI paDAvalI hai| aisI sthiti meM na to ina tIna zlokoM ko isa paTTAvalI se pRthak hI kiyA jA sakatA. hai aura na inheM anyakarttaka ho kahA jA sakatA hai| yadi isa par3AvalI ko bhASA vijJAna evaM gaNita kI kasauTI para kasA jAya to na kevala isake Adi ke tIna saMskRta zloka ho, apitu yaha sampUrNa paTTAvalI hI doSoM se bharI huI pratIta hogii| ' vastutaH pahalA zloka bhI sadoSa hai| caturtha caraNa meM gaNAdhipAM ke sthAna para gaNAdhipAnAM honA cAhie para usa dazA meM chandabhaMga hotA hai / __ -sampAdaka 2 (ka) DaoN. hIrAlAlajI ne yaha kisa AdhAra para likhA hai ? kucha samajha nahIM par3atA kyoMki prathama zloka meM hI spaSTataH kahA gayA hai - "vakSye paTTAvali ramyA, mUlasaMgha gaNAdhipAm" arthAt - mUlasaMgha ke gaNAdhinAyakoM kI paTTAvalI khuuNgaa| - sampAdaka (kha) SaTkhaNDAgama, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pR0 24-25

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti 16 gAthAoM kI isa choTI sI paTTAvalI meM kAla - garaganA meM gaNita kI dRSTi se do sthAnoM para isa prakAra kI truTiyAM kI gaI haiM ki itihAsa ke vizeSajJoM ko 11 dazapUrvagharoM meM se kisI eka mahApuruSa kI Ayu ko 2 varSa bar3hAne tathA dazanavASTAMgagharoM meM se kisI eka mahAmuni kI zrAyu ko 2 varSa ghaTAne kA prayAsa karanA par3a rahA hai, kyoMki ina donoM vargoM ke prAcAryoM kA jo pRthak-pRthak kAla diyA gayA hai, vaha piNDa rUpa meM diye gaye unake kAla se mela nahIM khAtA / ' 744 - isa paTTAvalI kI gAthAoM para bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA jAya to ye sadoSa hI siddha hoNgii| isakI gAthA saMkhyA 2 ke tRtIya caraNa meM prayukta 'rahiyo' zabda prAkRta bhASA kI zabdAvalI meM 'rahA' - isa artha meM kahIM dekhane meM nahIM AyA / prAkRta bhASA meM 'rahimro' zabda kA prayoga pArthakya athavA ghaTAne ke artha meM hotA hai| hA~, DiMgala, rAjasthAnI- gujarAtI, apabhraMza evaM katipaya dezaja bhASAoM meM 'rahiyo' zabda kA prayoga 'rahA' ke artha meM hotA hai| isake atirikta gAthA saMkhyA 13 meM cAra bAra 'ca' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo khaTakane ke sAtha-sAtha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki paTTAvalIkAra kA bhASA para pUrNAdhikAra nahIM thA / isa paTTAvalI ko dhyAnapUrvaka par3hane para eka bAta bar3I Azcaryajanaka pratIta hotI hai ki paTTAvalIkAra ko jahAM paramparAgata mAnyatA aura prAcIna granthoM se viparIta bAta kahanI thI, vahAM usane jinAgama aura jinakathana kI duhAI dI hai / sabhI prAcIna granthoM dvArA samarthita yaha paramparAgata mAnyatA rahI hai ki 683 meM aMtima prAcArAMgaMdhara lohArya svargastha hue| isake viparIta lohArya ko ATha aMgoM ke dhAraka aura vIra ni0 saM0 565 meM svargastha hue siddha karane ke liye paTTAvalIkAra ne gAthA saMkhyA 13 meM - " lohAcayya muNIsaM ca, kahithaM ca jiraNAgame" isa gAthArddha dvArA apane abhimata para jinAgama kI chApa lagAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isI prakAra lohAcArya ke pazcAt pranukramazaH hue vinayaMdhara Adi cAra prAcAryoM ko apanI paTTAvalI meM sthAna na dekara 80 varSa ke prAcAryakAla ko Upara hI Upara ur3Ane kA prayAsa karate hue jahAM aMga pUrva ke eka dezadhara ali, mAghanaMdI, dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ina 5 prAcAryoM ko AcArAMgadhara siddha karane evaM bhUtabali kA 683 meM svargastha honA tathA unake sAtha hI aMga viccheda hone kI bAta siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, vahAM para bhI paTTAvalIkAra ne likha diyA hai ki jinendra bhagavAn ne isa prakAra kahA hai :ahivalli mAghanaMdi ya dharaserA pupphayaMta bhUdabalI / aDavIsaM igavIsa ugaNIsaM tIsa vIsa vAsa pugo / / 16 / / igasaya aThAravAse dasaMgadhArI ya muNivarA jAdA / cha saya tirA siya- vAse rivvAraNA aMgacchiti kahiya jiNe / / 15 / / vastutaH : vAstavika sthiti yaha hai ki kisI jinAgama meM athavA digambara paramparA ke kisI grantha meM eka paMkti to kyA eka zabda bhI isa prakAra kA upalabdha liye prastuta grantha kA pRSTha 737 9

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 745 nahIM hotA, jisase nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ke racanAkAra ke uparilikhita abhimatoM kI kiMcinmAtra bhI puSTi hotI ho / eka bAta aura bar3I vicAraNIya hai, vaha yaha hai ki isa paTTAvalI ke mAdi ke prathama zloka meM paTTAvalIkAra ne trailokyezvara prabhu ko namaskAra evaM sadguru kI vAraNI kA smaraNa karane ke pazcAt mUlasaMgha ke gaNanAyakoM (prAcAryoM) kI sundara pAvalI kI racanA karane kI tathA dUsare evaM tIsare zloka meM "zreSTha mUla saMgha ke nandI prAmnAyI balAtkAragaraNa ke sarasvatI gaccha meM jitane kundakundAnvayI AcArya hue haiM, una sabakA vivaraNa maiM yahAM prastuta karUgA ataH saba sajjana use suneM"', isa prakAra kI pratijJA kI hai| paTrAvalIkAra kI uparokta pratijJA ke sandarbha meM isa sampUrNa pAvalI ko dhyAnapUrvaka par3hA jAya to svataH hI yaha tathya prakaTa ho jAyagA ki yaha paTTAvalI vastutaH apane prApa meM apUrNa hai| kyoMki paTTAvalIkAra kI uparyuddhRta pratijJAnusAra na isa paTTAvalI meM kahIM nandI AmnAya kA, na balAtkAra gaNa kA, na sarasvatI gaccha kA aura na prAcArya kundakunda kA hI kahIM ullekha dRSTigocara hotA hai| . isa paTTAvalI kI gAthA saMkhyA 14 ke caturtha caraNa - "vAsa dusada vIsa sadhesu // " para gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para vicArakoM ke mastiSka meM yaha prAzaMkA utpanna hotI hai ki isa paTTAvalI ke racanAkAra ne prAcIna, pracalita evaM prAmANika paTTAvaliyoM meM ullikhita tathyoM ko tor3a maror3a kara isameM prastuta kiyA hai / sabhI paTTAvalIkAroM kI varNanazailI kA anusaraNa karate hue nandI saMdha kI prAkRta paTrAvalI ke praNayanakAra ne bhI pratyeka zrataparamparA ke prAcAryoM ke kAla kA ullekha karate hue - "sadatevIsa vAse egAdaha aMgadharA jAdA" - isa gAthArddha se ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM kA kAla 123 varSa tathA - "vAsaM sattAraNavadiya, dasaMga nava aMga aTTadharA" isa prAdhI gAthA dvArA daza nava-aSTAMgadharoM kA kAla 67 varSa batAyA hai| isa sArI paTTAvalI ko par3hane para yaha spaSTataH jJAta ho jAtA hai ki isameM sarvatra pRthak-pRthaka zruta paramparA kA pRthak-pRthak kAla diyA hai, do zruta paramparAoM kA sammilita kAla nahIM / parantu : TrA ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM ke paramparAgata 220 varSa ke kAla kA prazna pAyA aura use paTTAvalIkAra ne vivAdAspada banAyA vahAM - "dasa nava agadharA vAsa dusadavIsa sadhesu / / 14 / / " isa gAthArddha dvArA ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM evaM dazanavASTAMgadhAriyoM kA sammilita samaya 220 varSa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| yahAM paTTAvalIkAra dvArA bhayaMkara truTi ho gaI hai| paTTAvalIkAra gAthA saMkhyA 12 1 ina tIna zlokoM meM paTTAvalIkAra ne do bAra kahA hai ki mUla saMgha meM hue gaNAcAryoM tathA mUla saMgha ke nandI prAmnAyI balAtkAra garaNa ke sarasvatI gaccha meM kunda kundAnvayI jitane bhI prAcArya hue haiM unake sambandha meM maiM kathana kruuNgaa| aisI spaSTa do uktiyoM ke hote hue bhI DaoN. hIrAlAlajI ne ina zlokoM kA artha yaha kisa prakAra lagAyA hai ki paTTAvalIkAra kisI purAtana paTTAvalI ko prastuta kara rahe haiM / pAThakagaNa svayaM isa para nirNaya kreN| [sampAdaka]

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746 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga* bhrAnti meM ekAdazAMgadhAriyoM kA 123 varSa kA kAla aura daza-nava-aSTAMgadhAriyoM kA 17 varSa kA kAla batA cukane ke pazcAt gAthA saMkhyA 14 dvArA punaH daza, nava tathA ATha aMgadhAriyoM kA kAla 67 varSa ke sthAna para 220 varSa batAte hai / yahAM paTTAvalIkAra dvArA vastutaH bar3I bhArI bhUla ho gaI hai| gAthA kI zabdayojanA para vicAra karane kI dazA meM yaha gAthA TipUrNa aura nitAnta azuddha pratIta hotI hai / gAthA ke pUrvArddha meM dI huI saMkhyA 6+18+23+52 (50) kA yoga 66 aura 17 AtA hai para gAthA ke uttarArddha meM daza, nava tathA pATha aMgadhAriyoM kA kAla 220 varSa bItane taka batAyA gayA hai| pUrvApara sambandha kI khIMca tAna se to isa gAthA kA artha yena kena prakAreNa yaha lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki 220 varSoM meM ekAdazAMgadhara tathA daMza-nava-aSTAMgadhara hue, para gAthA kI zabda racanA se to gAthA kA sIdhA sA artha yahI nikalatA hai ki isameM daza-navaaSTAMgadharoM kA kAla 220 varSa batAyA gayA hai| isa aprAsaMgika, anAvazyaka evaM sadoSa ullekha ko dekhate hue aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa paTTAvalIkAra ke samakSa ekAdazAMgadharoM kA 220 varSa kA kAla batAne vAlI aneka paTTAvaliyAM vidyamAna thiiN| unameM se harivaMza purANAntargata paTTAvalI kA - "dvaye ca vize'GgabhUto'pi paMca te" tathA jaya dhavalA kA - "tado tamekArasaMga sudaraNAraNaM jayapAla-pAMDu-dhuvaseekaMsotti pAiriya paramparAe vIsuttara besada vAsAimAgaMtUNa vocchiNNaM / " yaha pada evaM zrutAvatAra ke nimnalikhita pada paTTAvalIkAra ke karNarandhroM meM gUMjate rahe : ete paMcApi tato babhUvurekAdazAMgadharAH / vizatyadhikaM varSazatadvayameSAM babhUva yugasaMkhyA / / 8 / / una padoM kI chApa jo nandIsaMgha prAkRtaH paTTAvalIkAra ke mastiSka meM thI, vaha anAvazyaka evaM aprAsaMgika hote hae bhI isa par3AvalI kI gAthA saMkhyA 14 meM "dasa nava aTuMgadharA, vAsa dusadavIsa sadhesu" ke rUpa meM utara AI / anyathA "vAsa dusadavIsa sadhesu" yaha caraNa isa gAthA meM kisI bhI dRSTi meM upayukta nahIM jaMcatA / yaha pada hI isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki yahAM hera phera ke rUpa meM kucha gar3abar3a kI gaI hai kintu vAstavikatA isa caturtha caraNa ke rUpa meM apanA cinha chor3a gaI hai| yahI nahIM, apitu isa nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta pAvalI ke praNetA ne bhAvI pIr3hiyoM ko eka bar3I ulajhana meM bhI DAla diyA hai / gAthA saM0 12 ke uttarArddha se 14 vIM gAthA taka subhadra Adi / prAcAryoM ko daza, nava, pATha aMgoM kA dhAraka to vatAyA hai, para yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA hai ki ve cAroM hI prAcArya uparokta tInoM hI aMgoM ke dhAraka the athavA inameM meM vibhinna aMgoM ke| yadi ve vibhinna aMgoM ke dhAraka the to kauna-kauna se prAcArya kisa-kisa aMga ke dhAraka the? uparicita gAthAoM meM prAcAryoM kI saMkhyA 4 aura aMgoM kI saMkhyA tIna hI hai ataH cAroM ho pAcAryoM ko uparokta tInoM aMgoM kA samAna rUpa se dhAraka mAnA jAya, usa dazA meM to ThIka hai kintu una cAroM prAcAryoM meM se pratyeka ko uparokta tInoM aMgoM meM se pRthaka-pRthaka

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747 kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa aMgoM kA jJAtA mAne jAne kI sthiti meM yaha prazna eka jaTila pahelI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| __isa prakAra prAcAryoM ke kAla ke sambandha meM jo tathya Upara prastuta kiye gaye haiM, una saba para aura vizeSataH harivaMza purANa evaM zrutAvatAra meM lohArya se uttaravartI vIra nirvANa saM0683 ke pazcAt kI prAcArya-paramparA ke jo ullekha Upara uddhata kiye gaye haiM, una para niSpakSa evaM sUkSma dRSTi se gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para yaha bhalI bhAMti siddha ho jAtA hai ki nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI bhaTTArakakAlIna kisI ati sAdhAraNa racanAkAra kI nitAnta sAdhAraNa, truTipUrNa evaM apUrNa kRti hone ke kAraNa vastutaH avizvasanIya aura aprAmANika hai / ekAdazAMgadharoM ke kAla ke viSaya meM kI gaI kATa-chAMTa, daza, va evaM pATha aMgadharoM kI kalpanA ke sAtha unake kAla ke sambandha meM jor3a-tor3a, lAhAcArya ke pazcAt hue vinayaMdhara Adi cAra prAcAryoM ko prAcAryoM ke krama meM sammilita taka na karanA, aMgapUrvajJAna ke eka dezadhara prAcArya arhabali, mAghanandi, dharasena, puSpadanta tathA bhUtabali ko eka aMgadhArI manavAne kA prayAsa karanA, ye saba bAteM vastutaH paTTAvalIkAra ko svayaM ko aisI kalpanAeM haiM, jinake samarthana meM digambara paramparA ke sampUrNa sAhitya kA maMthana karane para bhI eka zabda taka upalabdha nahIM hogaa| aisI dazA meM naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta pAvalI kI kisI bhI taraha prAmANikatA kI koTi meM gaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki katipaya prAcAryoM ko unake vAstavika kAla se prAcIna siddha karane ke uddezya se bhaTTAraka kAla meM isa paTTAvalI kI racanA kI gaI hai| digambara paramparA ke sampUrNa vAGmaya se pUrNataH viruddha jo vicitra mAnyatAeM nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM prastuta kI gaI haiM, unake sambandha meM sva0 DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne likhA hai "usase akasmAt aMga lopa sambandhI kaThinAI kucha kama ho jAtI hai / " digambara paramparA ke sabhI prAmANika mAne jAne vAle granthoM meM jisa prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 345 meM pUrvajJAna kA aura 683 meM aMgajJAna kA vicchinna honA batAyA gayA hai; nandIsaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM bhI ina donoM prakAra ke jJAna kA ThIka usI samaya meM viccheda batAyA gayA hai| aisI dazA meM isase kAla kI kaThinAI to kiMcitmAtra bhI kama nahIM hotii| kevala tIna aMgoM ke lopa kI kaThinAI kAla kI dRSTi se nahIM apitu krama kI dRSTi se kucha kama hotI hai para zeSa 6 aMgoM ke akasmAt lopa kI kaThinAI to jyoM kI tyoM hI banI rahatI hai| isI prakAra pUrvajJAna ke lopa kI kaThinAI meM bhI isa paTTAvalI ke ullekhoM se kisI prakAra kI kamI nahIM aatii| kaThinAI ko kama karanA to dUra isa paTTAvalI ' inake pazcAt prAge ke jina cAra prAcAryoM ko anyatra ekAMgadhArI kaha kara zrutajJAna kI paraMparA pUrI kara dI gaI hai unheM yahAM kramazaH daza,nava aura pATha aMgoM ke dhAraka kahA hai, para yaha spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki kauna kitane aMgoM kA jJAtA thaa| [SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga 1, dvi0 saM0, pra0, pRSTha 23]

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748 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAma-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti ne digambara paramparA ke parama prAmANika mAne jAne vAle dhavalA jaise prAcIna granthoM ke etadviSayaka ullekhoM ke prati pragAr3ha AsthA ko jhakajhora kara na sahI, para thor3A hilAkara aneka navIna ulajhaneM utpanna kara dI haiM aura katipaya vidvAnoM dvArA isako prazraya diye jAne ke kAraNa prAcAryoM ke kAla ke prazna ko lekara eka bar3I ajIba saMzayAtmaka sthiti janamAnasa meM vyApta ho gaI hai| mAja ke yuga ke ucca koTi ke vidvAnoM ke etadviSayaka abhimata ko par3ha kara prabuddha janamAnasa IhApoha karane lagA hai ki Aja se lagabhaga 1200 varSa pUrva tapopUta mahAtmAoM dvArA prAcIna granthoM meM prAcAryoM kA jo kAlakrama likhA gayA hai, use prAmANika mAnA jAya athavA Aja ke yuga ke katipaya vidvAnoM dvArA prazraya prApta tathAkathita "naMdIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI" ke ullekhoM ko, jisake ki na to lekhaka kA hI koI patA hai aura na lekhanakAla hI kaa| _____ isa ulajhana bharI jaTila aitihAsika gutthI ko pramANa purassara sulajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAya, eka mAtra isI saduddezya se. prerita hokara yahAM isa prazna para vistArapUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isa sambandha meM digambara paramparA ke hI aneka prAmANika granthoM ke uddharaNa isa dRSTi se prastuta kiye gaye haiM ki pAThakoM evaM zodhArthiyoM ko eka hI sthAna para pUrI Avazyaka sAmagrI upalabdha ho jAya aura unheM vibhinna sandarbha granthoM ko prApta karane ke prayAsa meM samaya evaM zrama vyartha hI vyaya na karanA pdd'e| Upara jo aitihAsika sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai, usameM "harivaMza purANa" ke ullekhoM kA eka bahuta bar3A aitihAsika mahatva hai, kyoMki unameM vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1310 taka kI prAcArya paramparA kA avicchinna rUpa se ullekha hai| isameM ullikhita, vIra ni0 saM0683 meM divaMgata hue lohArya taka kI prAcArya paramparA dhavalA, jayadhavalA, uttara purANa, tiloya paNNattI, jambUdIva paNNattI ke Adi meM dI huI zrutadhara paTTAvalI, indranandIkRta zrRtAvatAra tathA aneka paTTAvaliyoM evaM zilAlekhoM dvArA pUrNa rUpeNa samarthita hai| nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ko aneka pramANoM evaM tarka saMgata tathyoM dvArA pUrNataH aprAmANika aura avizvasanIya siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| isa paTTAvalI ke atirikta anyatra koI eka bhI ullekha (lohArya ke samaya vIra ni0 saM0683 taka)harivaMza purANa ke viparIta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| .aisI sthiti meM lohArya ke aMtima AcArAMgadhara hone tathA unake samaya vIra ni0 saM0 683 kI prAmANikatA ke sambandha meM kiMcitmAtra bhI saMdeha ke liye sthAna nahIM raha jaataa| lohArya ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 683 se anumAnataH 783 taka, saMgha vibhAjana se pUrva kI prAcArya paramparA kA jo ullekha harivaMza purANa meM kiyA gayA hai, vaha indranandIkRta zrutAvatAra dvArA (do prAcAryoM ke nAma vibheda ke sAtha) samarthita hai| uparilikhita anya prAmANika granthoM meM lohArya ke pazcAt kI prAcArya paramparA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM harivaMza purAgA meM lohArya ke pazcAt anukramazaH hue vinayaMdhara, guptazruni, guptaRpi, zivagupta pAra

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kAma ni. ga. prAnti] sAmAnya pUrvapara-kAla : devaTi samAzramaNa 746 mahavAla, ina pAMca prAcAryoM ke nAma diye haiM, unake kramagata prAcAryatva aura prAcArya kAla ke sambandha meM bhI vastutaH kisI ko kisI prakAra kA saMdeha nahIM rahanA caahie| isa prakAra vistAra sahita prastuta kiye gaye uparilikhita tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM nirvANa pazcAt gautama se lekara pahali taka hue digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM kA krama evaM kAla nimnalikhita rUpa se sunizcita siddha hotA hai : kevalI 1. indrabhUti gautama 2. sudharmA (lohArya) 3. jambU 12 varSa 12 varSa 38(40) varSa yoga 62 (64) . zrutakevalI ] 4. viSNu (nandI) 5. nandimitra 6. aparAjita 7. govardhana 8. bhadrabAhu samuccaya kAla 100 varSa 9. vizAkha ekAdazAMga / evaM dazapUrvadhara samuccaya kAla 183 varSa 10. proSThila 11. kSatriya 12. jaya 13. nAga 14. siddhArtha 15. tiSaNa 16. vijaya 17. buddhila 18. gaMgadeva 19. dharmasena ekAdazAMgadhara ] samuccaya kAla 20. nakSatra 21. yazaHpAla 22. pANDU 23. dhruvasena 24. kaMsAcArya 220 varSa

Page #880
750 . jaina dharma kA mausika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni. ga. prAnti 25. subhadra mAcArAMgadhara ] 26. yazobhadra samuccaya kAla 27. yazobAha 28. lohArya 118 varSa pUrNa yoga 683 varSa 26. vinayaMdhara aMga-pUrva ke 20 varSa (anumAnataH) eka dezadhara 30. guptaRSi 31. guptazruti 32. zivagupta 33. ahaMdubali' 20 // yoga 100 pUrNa yoga . 783 ahaMbali ke pazcAt harivaMzapurANa meM vIra ni0 saM0 1310 taka kI pravicchinna prAcArya paramparA dI hai, vaha punnATa saMgha kI prAcArya-paramparA pratIta hotI hai| yaha tathya vicAraNIya hai ki harivaMza purANakAra ne isa bAta kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai ki punATa saMgha ke pravartaka prathama prAcArya kauna hue| harivaMza purANa ke 663 sarga ke 31veM zloka meM purANakAra ne amitasena ko pavitra punnATa gaNa kA agraNI prAcArya batAyA hai| isakA artha yahI ho sakatA hai ki ve putrATa saMgha ke eka viziSTa pratibhAsampanna prAcArya the, na ki mUla puruSa / punATa saMgha ke prathama prAcArya to anumAnataH mandarArya hI hone cAhie jo ki mUla saMgha kA vibhAjana karane vAle arhabali ke pazcAt isa paTTAvalI meM batAye gaye haiN| yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki arhabali (vIra ni0 saM0 763-783) ne digambara saMgha ko 10 saMghoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa| una saMghoM meM se adhikAMza.ke . nAma to grAja kevala patroM para hI avaziSTa raha gaye haiN| kAlAntara meM uparokta saMghoM ke atirikta aura bhI kaI saMgha samaya-samaya para utpanna hue tathA unameM se bhI aneka saMdha vilupti ke gahana gahvara meM vilIna ho gye| aisI sthiti meM prahaMbali . ke uttaravartI kAla kI mUla saMgha kI koI eka sarva-sammata prAcAryaparamparA kI paTTAvalI prastuta karanA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki isa prakAra kI koI prAmANika evaM avicchinna paTTAvalI kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| indranandi ne apane zrutAvatAra meM ahaMdbali ke pazcAt jina 4 prAcAryoM ke nAma diye haiM, unhIM ke ' harivaMza purANa, sarga 66, zloka 25

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kAla ni0 ga0 prAnti ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara- kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 751 nAma nandI saMgha kI tathAkathita prAkRta paTTAvalI meM bhI diye gaye haiM / ahaMdubali dvArA kiye gaye saMgha vibhAjana kA vivaraNa dene ke pazcAt indranandi ke zrutAvatAra meM likhA hai : tasyAnantaramanagArapuMgavo mAghanandinAmAbhUt / so'pyaMgapUrvadezaM prAkAzya samAdhinA divaM yAtaH / 102 prarthAt - prarhadubali ke pazcAt munizreSTha mAghanandi nAmaka prAcArya hue / ve bhI aMga aura pUrvajJAna ke eka deza kA upadeza kara svargastha hue / indranandi ke isa kathana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki arhadabali ke pazcAt mAghanandi prAcArya pada para zradhiSThita hue / saMgha - vibhAjana ke vivaraNa ko dRSTigata rakhate hue isa zloka kA yaha artha bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki mahaMdubali ne mUla saMgha ko 10 athavA 5 saMghoM meM vibhAjita kiyA, una saMghoM meM nandIsaMgha kA sarvaprathama sthAna thA aura usa nandisaMgha ke prAcArya mAghanandi hue / isI kAraNa indranandi ne mahaMdubali ke pazcAt mAghanandi kA prAcArya pada para adhiSThita honA batAyA hai / prarhadubali ke pazcAt jo prAcArya - paramparA indranandi ne apane zrutAbatAra meM dI hai, usake sAtha bhAnumAnita rUpa meM yadi nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM ullikhita una prAcAryo kA kAla jor3a diyA jAya to prarhadubali ke pazcAt prAcAryoM kA krama aura kAla nimnalikhita rUpa meM hogA : gAna 34. mAghanandi 35. gharasena 36. puSpadanta 37. bhUtabali prAcAryakAla 21 varSa 16, 30 21 10, yoga pUrNa yoga 60 varSa 873 varSa kintu prAcArya arhadubali ke pazcAt Upara batAye hue cAra prAcAryoM ke krama aura kAla ko mAnane meM nimnalikhita bAdhAe~ upasthita hotI haiM : indranandi ne spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai ki dharasena kI guru ziSyaparamparA ke sambandha meM unheM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai / isa dazA meM dharasena ko mAghanandi kA uttarAdhikArI prAcArya nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isI prakAra indranandi ko dharasena ke samaya ke sambandha meM bhI vidita nahIM hai / ataH unake uparokta kAla ko bhI prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / dhavalA tathA zrutAvatAra ke ullekhAnusAra puSpadanta aura bhUtabali dharasena kI paramparA se bhinna kisI anya paramparA ke muni the| aisI sthiti meM eka kramabaddha

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752 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni... prAnti bhAcArya-paramparA kI prAmANika paTTAvalI meM puSpadanta ko dharasena kI paramparA kA uttarAdhikArI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| gharasena puSpadanta mora bhUtabali kisa saMgha kI paramparA ke prAcArya athavA muni the, isa prazna kA samAdhAna karane vAlA eka bhI Thosa.pramANa digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| . dharasena nAmaka eka tapodhana prAcArya kA ullekha putrATa saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM avazya vidyamAna hai' para ve pahaMdudvali ke pazcAt 13veM paTTadhara prAcArya batAye gaye haiN| saMyogakI bAta hai ki indranandi ne dharasena ko mahAtapA ke vizeSaNa se aura jinasena ne tapodhana ke vizeSaNa se saMbodhita kiyA hai| kintu zrutAvatAra meM pariNata mahAtapA dharasena ko mAra harivaMza purANa meM ullikhita tapoSana dharasena ko eka mAnane meM digambara paramparA ke prAyaH sabhI vidvAnoM ko bahuta bar3I mApatti hogii| kyoMki harivaMza purANa meM lohArya ke pazcAt 627 varSoM meM hue 31 mAcAryo meM prAcArya dharasena kA sthAna 18vAM hai| 31 prAcAryoM meM 627 varSa ke samaya ko moTe taura para vibhAjita kiyA jAya to pratyeka prAcArya kA prAcArya-kAla 20 varSa phalita hotA hai| isa prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM svargastha hue lohArya ke pazcAt 183 pAcArya dharasena kA samaya (18 prAcAryoM ke 360 varSoM ko 683 meM jor3ane para) vIra ni0 saM01043 siddhahotA hai / SaTANDAgama ke nirmAtA puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali ke guru dharasena kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 1023 se 1043 svIkAra karane ke liye saMbhavataH digambara paramparA kA koI vidvAn taiyAra nahIM hogaa| mUlataH dhavalA, jayadhavalA, tiloyapaNyatti maura uttarapurANa tathA tadanantara harivaMza purANa evaM zrutAvatAra ke ullekhAnusAra grahadvali kA kAla vIra ni0 saM0763 se 753 ke lagabhaga nirNIta ho jAne para prAcArya kundakunda ke kAla ke sambandha meM agretara vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka ho jaaygaa| kyoMki lohAcArya se pazcAdvartI prAcArya-paramparA kA paTTAvaliyoM, zilAlekhoM mAdi meM jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vaha prAyaH eka prakAra se apUrNa aura prAcAryoM ke krama kI dRSTi se paraspara virodhI hai| sidara vasati ke zaka saM0 1320 ke lekha saMkhyA 105 meM tathA anya aneka zilAlekhoM meM lohAcArya ke pazcAt kundakundAcArya kI paramparA uTaiMkita kI huI milatI hai| unameM lohAcArya praura kundakundAcArya ke madhyavartI prAcAryoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| kevala zaka saM0 1320 ke sira vasati ke lekha saM0 105 meM lohAcArya ke pazcAta hae prAcAryoM kI kundakundAcArya taka nAmAvalI aura tadanantara kundakundAcArya kI ziSya paramparA meM hue prAcAryoM kI nAmAvalI dI gaI hai, jo isa prakAra hai :1. kumbha 2. vinIta 3. halaghara 4. vasudeva 5. pracala . 6. merudhIra 7. sarvajJa 8. sarvagupta 6. mahIdhara 10. dhanapAla 11. mahAvIra 12. vora 13. koNDakunda ' "tapoSana : zrI dharasena nAmaka:"-harivaMza pu., sagaM 66, zloka 28 2 zrutAvatAra (indranandikRta), zloka 103

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.753 kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti]. sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa kundakunda kI ziSya-paramparA ke prAcArya :(kundakunda) 14. umAsvAti (gRdhrapiccha) 18. devanandI (maparanAma jinendra buddhi, pUjyapAda) 15. balAkapiccha 16. bhaTTAkalaMka 16. samantabhadra 20. jinasena 17. zivakoTi 21. guragabhadra guNabhadra ke pazcAt arhabali kA nAma dete hue uparokta lekha meM nimnalikhita rUpa se saMgha-vibhAjana kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai : yaH puSpadantena ca bhUtabalyAkhyenApi ziSyadvitayena reje| phalapradAnAya jagajjanAnAM, prApto'kurAbhyAmiva kalpabhUjaH // 25 // arhabalissaMgha caturvidhaM sa, zrIkoNDakundAnvaya mUlasaMghaM / kAlasvabhAvAdiha jAyamAna,- dveSetarAlpIkaraNAya cakre // 26 / / sitAmbarAdo viparIta rUpe'khile visaMghe vitanotu bhedaM / tatsena nandi-tridiveza-siMha-saMdheSu yastaM manute kuhaksaH / / 27 / / prarthAt - puSpadanta aura bhUtabali- ina do ziSya rUpI aMkuroM se aMkurita kalpavRkSa ke samAna jo saMsAriyoM ko manovAMchita phala pradAna karane ke lie prakaTa hue, una marhabali ne kAla svabhAva se pravarddhamAna dveSa ko kama karane ke liye koNDakundAMnvaya mUla saMgha ko (1) sena, (2) nandI, (3) deva aura (4) siMha - ina cAra saMghoM meM vibhakta kiyA / jo vyakti ina cAroM saMghoM meM bheda mAnatA hai, vaha kudRSTi-mithyAdRSTi hai| 22. mahabali 23. puSpadaMta 24 bhUtabali bhUtabali ke pazcAt ukta zilAlekha saM0 105 meM nimnalikhita prAcAryoM ke nAma uTaMkita haiM : 25 nemicandra 26 mAghanandi (unake vaMza meM) abhayacandradeva (abhayacandradeva ke anuja) zrutakIrti zrutamuni cArukoti (inake praziSya) paNDitadeva (svarga 1320) abhinava zruta muni abhinava paNDita

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754 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni* ga0 bhrAnti harivaMza purANa aura zrutAvatAra ke ullekhoM ke prAdhAra para yaha pahale siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki vIra ni0 saM0 683 meM svargastha hue aMtima bhAcArAMgadhara lohArya ke pazcAt pora lagabhaga vIra ni0 saM0763 se 783 taka prAcArya pada * para rahe prAcArya ahaMdvali se pUrva kramazaH vinayaMghara prAdi cAra prAcArya hue| indranandIkRta zrutAvatAra tathA prajJAtakartaka nandIsaMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI meM prahadvali ke pazcAt kramazaH mAghanandI dharasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ina cAra prAcAyoM ke hone kA ullekha hai| nandI saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM bhI kundakundAcArya kI guruparamparA nimna rUpa meM ullikhita hai : bhadrabAhu guptigupta . mAghanandi jinacandra kundakunda . indranandI ne zrutAvatAra meM suspaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki SaTsaNDAgama aura kaSAya-prAbhUta kA jJAna guru paripATI se padmanandI muni ko kuNDakundapura meM prApta hamA praura unhoMne SaTakhaNDAgama ke prAdya tIna khaNDoM para 12,000 zloka parimAraNa kI parikarma nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kii| isa prakAra harivaMza purANa, indranandikRta zrutAvatAra, nandI saMgha kI prAkRta pAvalI-ina tInoM granthoM ke ullekhoM se ahaMdvali nizcita rUpeNa kundakundAcArya ke praguru (dAdAguru) mAghanandi se pUrvavartI prAcArya siddha hote haiN| nandI saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM sarvaprathama bhadrabAha (dvitIya) aura unake pazcAt gupti gupta kA nAma diyA hai para isa paTTAvalI se vidvAn yahI niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki mAghanandI hI vastutaH nandI saMgha ke prathama prAcArya, unake ziSya jinacandra aura jinacandra ke ziSya kundakundAcArya hue| aisI sthiti meM siddharabastI ke uparilikhita stambhalekha meM kundakunda ke pazcAt unakI vI pIr3hI meM pratili ko, dazavIM pIr3hI meM pUSpadanta-bhUtabali ko aura 12vIM pIr3hI meM mAghanandI ko batAyA gayA hai, use kisa prakAra prAmANika mAnA jA sakatA hai, yaha itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ke liye vicAraNIya hai| vastutaH ye cAroM prAcArya kundakundAcArya ke pUrvaja haiN| harivaMza purANa siddharabastI ke uparilikhita lekha saMkhyA 105 se 615 varSa pUrva likhA gayA thaa| isI prakAra indranandi ne zrutAvatAra kI racanA bhI isa lekha se lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva kI bhI

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa 755. kyoMki indranandi itihAsajJoM dvArA vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha ke prAcArya mAne gaye haiN|' digambara paramparA ke gagya-mAnya vidvAnoM ne bar3e kheda ke sAtha isa prakAra ke udgAra abhivyakta kiye haiM ki aMgadhAriyoM ke pazcAdvartI kAla kI digambara sampradAya ke prAcAryoM ko jitanI paramparAeM upalabdha haiM, ve saba apUrNa haiM aura usa samaya saMgraha kI gaI haiM, jaba mUla saMgha prAdi bheda ho cuke the aura vicchinna paramparAoM ko jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM raha gayA thaa| jisa prakAra mathurA ke kaMkAlI Tole kI tIna bAra kI gaI khudAI meM kuSANa saM0 5 se 18 (I0 san 83 se 176) taka ke aise lekha mile haiM, jinameM una 3 gaNoM, 12 kuloM aura 10 zAkhAoM ke nAma ukita haiM, jo ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke pAgama - kalpasUtra meM ullikhita haiM, tathA nandIsUtrAntargata vAcakavaMza ke prAcAryoM kI paTTAvalI ke Arya samudra, Arya maMgu, Aryanandila, Arya nAgahastI tathA prArya bhUtadina ke nAma bhI kaMkAlI TIle se prApta lekhoM meM ukita mile haiM,3 usI prakAra yadi digambara-paramparA ke prAcAryoM, gaNoM, gacchoM Adi ke ullekha bhI upalabdha hue hote to digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke krama evaM kAla ko sunizcita karane meM bar3I sahAyatA miltii| para kaMkAlI TIle se digambara paramparA ke prAcAryoM ke sambandha meM koI abhilekha nahIM milaa| zrI mANikacandra - digambara jaina granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita "jaina zilA. lekha saMgraha ke tInoM bhAgoM ke samIcInatayA paryAlocana se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki aMgadhAriyoM ke pazcAt kI prAcArya paramparA kI eka bhI pUrNa paTTAvalI upalabdha nahIM hai / DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI evaM paM0 nAthUrAmajI 'premI' ke zabdoM meM saba apUrNa haiN| aisI sthiti meM jabaki aMgadhAriyoM ke uttaravartI kAla ke digambara prAcAryoM kI eka bhI pUrNa paTTAvalI upalabdha nahIM hotI; digambara paramparA ke katipaya prAmANika granthoM evaM nandI saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM upalabdha tathyoM se zravaNabelgola ' (ka) jaina grantha aura granthakAra (phatecanda belAnI) pR0 11 / (kha) jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhA0 1, pR0 338, kama saM0 214 2 (ka)... isa prakAra mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt lohAcArya taka 683 varSa vyatIta hue the| bahuta se lekhoM meM bhAge ke prAcAryoM kI paramparA kundakundAcArya se lI gaI hai| durbhAgyataH kisI bhI lekha meM upayukta zrutamAniyoM pora kundakundAcArya ke bIca kI pUrI guru-paraMmparA nahIM pAI jAtI / kevala upayukta lekha naM. 105 (zaka saM0 1320) meM hI isa bIca ke prAcAryoM ke kucha nAma pAye jAte haiM.... .. [jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA0 1, bhUmikA (ge. hIrAlAla), pR0 127-128] (kha) digambara sampradAya meM aMgapAriyoM ke bAda kI jitanI paramparAeM upalabdha hai, ve saba apUrNa haiM aura usa samaya saMgraha kI gaI haiM jaba mUla saMgha prAdi bheda ho cuke the aura vicchinna paramparAmoM ko jAnane kA koI sAdhana na raha gayA thaa| [sva. zrI nApUrAma premI, bhagavatI mArAdhanA kI prastAvanA] 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, prastAvanA (ge. gulAbacanda paudharI), pR. 16-18

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756. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti ke uparicacita zilAlekha ke prAcAryoM ke krama sambandhI tathya aprAmANika siddha hote haiM, tathA harivaMza purANa evaM indranandikRta zrutAvatAra meM dI huI paTTAvaliyoM ke prAdhAra para prahaMbIla kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 763 se 783 ke bIca kA eka taraha se munizcita ho jAtA hai, to usa dazA meM prahaMdvali se paryApta rUpeNa pazcAdvartI kundakundAcArya ke kAla kA prazna eka jaTila samasyA ke rUpa meM vidvAnoM ke samakSa upasthita hotA hai| yaha dekha kara to aura bhI bar3A Azcarya hotA hai ki paMcastUpAnvayI prAcArya vIra sena ne dhavalA meM, punnATa saMghIya jinasena ne harivaMza purANa meM paura vIra sena ke ziSya jinasena (paMcastUpAnvayI) ne jaya-dhavalA meM digambara paramparA ke udbhaTa vidvAn kundakundAcArya kA kahIM nAmollekha taka nahIM kiyA hai| kundakundAcArya ke samaya ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita eka ajJAtakartRka zloka bar3A prasiddha hai : varSe saptazate caiva, saptatyA ca vismtii| umAsvAmimunirjAtaH, kundakundastathaiva ca // ' prarthAt - 770 varSa vyatIta ho cukane para umAsvAmI aura (prAcArya) kundakunda hue / zloka meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai ki yaha 770 samvat vastuta: vIra ni0 saM0 hai, vikrama saMvat hai, zaka saM0 hai athavA anya koI saMvat / yahI nahIM, isameM kundakunda ke pazcAdvartI prAcArya umAsvAmI ke anantara prAcArya kundakunda kA nAma dete hae ina donoM ko spaSTataH samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha zloka kahAM kA hai, kisakI tathA kisa samaya kI racanA hai, ye saba tathya bhI aMdhakAra meM chupe hue haiN| ataH vidvAnoM dvArA isa zloka ko kundakundAcArya ke kAlanirNaya ke sambandha meM na to vizeSa prAmANika hI samajhA jA rahA hai aura na koI mahatva hI diyA jA rahA hai| ' katile bastI ke eka stambha-lekha (lekha saM0 55, lagabhaga zaka saM0 1022) meM kundakunda ko hI nimnalikhita zloka dvArA mUla saMgha kA prAdi garaNI batAyA gayA hai: zrImato varddhamAnasya, varddhamAnasya zAsane / zrI koNDakundanAmAbhUt, mUla saMghApaNI garaNI // 3 // isI prakAra lekha saM0 54 (zaka saM0 1050), 40 (zaka saM0 1055) aura lekha saM0 108 (zaka saM0 1355) meM gautama ke ullekha ke pazcAt unakI saMtati meM bhadrabAha, candragupta ke anantara unhIM ke anvaya meM kundakunda muni ke hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya paramparA ke sambandha meM ina saba paraspara . ' svAmI samantabhadra, paM0 jugala kizora, pR0 147 2 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 115 3 jana zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA01

Page #887
kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi samAzramaNa virodhI aura vikhaNDita ullekhoM ko dekha kara hI svargIya premIjI ko digambara paramparA kI upalabdha paTTAvaliyoM ke sambandha meM kahanA par3A ki ve apUrNa haiM tathA aise samaya meM saMgrahIta kI gaI haiM, jaba ki vicchinna paramparAmoM ko jAnane kA koI sAdhana na raha gayA thaa| pravacanasAra kI jayasenAcAryakRta TIkA ke prArambha meM zivakumAra aura prAdhyAtmI bAlavandrakRta kannaDa TIkA meM 'zivakumAra mahArAjam' ke ullekha ko mAdhAra banA kara katipaya vidvAnoM ne yaha anumAna lagAyA ki prAcArya kundakunda ne mahArAjA zivakumAra ko boSa dene hetu pravacanasAra nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| kannar3a TIkA meM ullikhita zivakumAra mahArAja ko zaka saM0 450 meM hue ziva mRgeza varma mAna kara nyAya zAstrI paM0 zrI gajAdhara lAlajI jaina ne prAcArya kundakunda kA samaya zaka saM0.450 likhA hai : "zrI zivakumAra-mahArAja-pratibodhanArtha vililekha bhagavAn kundakunda : svIyaM granthamiti, samAvirbhAvitaM ca paMcAstikAyasya kramazaH kArNATika-saMskRtaTIkAkAraH zrI bAlacandra-jayasenAcAryaH tato yukta yAnayApi bhagavatkundakunda samayaH tasya zivamRgezavarmasamAnakAlInatvAt 450 tama-zaka-saMvatsara evaM siddhayati, svIkAre cAsmin kSatirapi nAsti kApIti / " arthAt-zrI zivakumAra mahArAja ko pratibodha dene ke uddezya se prAcArya bhagavAn kundakunda ne isa grantha kI racanA kI- yaha karNATika TokAkAra bAlacandra aura saMskRta TIkAkAra jayasenAcArya ne prakaTa kiyA hai| isa yukti se bhI prAcArya kundakunda kA samaya zivamRgezavarma (kadamba rAjavaMzI) ke samakAlIna hone se 450 vAM zaka saMvatsara siddha hotA hai aura ise svIkAra karane meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA bhI upasthita nahIM hotii| pravacanasArAdi kI TIkAmoM meM kiye gaye isa ullekha ke mAdhAra para ki prAcArya kundakunda ne zivakumAra athavA zivakumAra mahArAja nAmaka prAsanna bhavya ke pratibodhArya pravacanasAra kA upadeza diyA, DaoN. pAThaka ne bhI prAcArya kundakunda ko kadamdavaMzI mahArAjA zivamRgezavarma kA samakAlIna batAte hue unakA samaya zaka saM0 450 mAnA hai| - isI prakAra prophesara cakravartI ne bhI TIkAkAroM dvArA kiye gaye zivakumAra ke ullekha ko prAdhAra banA yaha anumAna lagAyA hai ki pallavavaMzI mahArAjA zivaskanda-yuvA mahArAjA ke bodhArtha prAcArya kundakunda ne isa grantha kI racanA kii| ___ sarvaprathama to yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki mAja jitane bhI anya prAcArya kundakunda kI kRti mAne jAte haiM unameM se "bArasa aNuvekkhA" nAmaka grantha ko samaya prAbhUta (prathama saMskaraNa I0 1914 meM prakAzita) kI prastAvanA, pR08 samaya prAbhUtam bhaura SaT prAmRta saMgraha (mAnikacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, puSpa 17) kI prastAvanA, pR. 15

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758 jaina dharma kA molika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti chor3a kara zeSa kisI bhI grantha ke mUla pATha meM isa prakAra kA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisase yaha siddha hotAho ki amuka grantha AcArya kundakunda kI racanA hai| yahI nahIM, prAcArya kundakunda kI kRti mAne jAne vAle kisI eka bhI grantha ke mUla pATha meM kahIM kiMcitmAtra bhI isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM hai ki amuka grantha kI, kisI amuka vyakti ko, zivakumAra ko athavA zivakumAra mahArAja ko pratibodha dene ke liye racanA kI gii| . IsA kI 10 vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM hue prAcArya amRtacandra' ne pravacanasAra kI tAtparya vRtti meM na to pravacanasAra ke praNayanakAra kA hI koI ullekha kiyA hai aura na yahI likhA hai ki amuka vyakti ko pratibodha dene ke liye isa grantha kI racanA kI gii| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki IsA kI 10 vIM zatAbdI taka nizcita rUpeNa kisI ko yaha jJAta nahIM thA ki isa grantha ke kartA kauna haiM aura isakI racanA kisako bodha dene ke liye kI gaI hai / Izavandana evaM anekAntavAda kI jayakAra ke sAtha pravacanasAra kI vRtti karane kA apanA uddezya prakaTa karane ke anantara prAcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai : "atha khalu kazcidAsana-saMsArapAraH samunmIlitasAtizayavivekajyotirastamitasamastakAntavAdavidyAbhinivezaH paramezvarImanekAntavidyAmupagamya muktasamastapakSaparigrahatayAtyantamadhyastho bhUtvA puruSArthasAratayA nitAntamAtmano hitatamAM bhagavatpaMcaparameSThiprasAdopajanyAM paramArthasatyAM mokSalakSmImakSayAmupAdeyatvena nizcinvan pravartamAnatIrthanAyakapuraHsarAm bhagavataH paMcaparameSThinaH praNamanavandanopajanitanamaskaraNena saMbhAvya sarvArambheNa mokSamArga saMpratipadyamAnaH pratijAnIte / " isakA sArAMza yaha hai ki- nikaTa bhaviSya meM mukta hone vAlA koI bhavya apane antara meM viveka kI jyoti ke prakaTa hone tathA usake phalasvarUpa ekAntavAda ke samasta mithyAbhinivezoM kI samApti ke sAtha hI anekAnta siddhAnta ko svIkAra evaM samasta mithyA pakSoM kA parityAga kara madhyastha ho parama satya mokSa sukha ko hI upAdeya ke rUpa meM cuna kara samasta tarthaMkaroM ko vandanapUrvaka samasta prArambha samArambhoM se nivRta ho muktipradAyI zramaNatva ko svIkAra karate hue pratijJA karatA hai| usa Asanna bhavya kI pratijJA ne hI pravacanasAra grantha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| amRtacandra ne, jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, usa pAsAna bhavya kA koI nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai / prAcArya amRtacandra se lagabhaga 200 varSa pazcAta (IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI meM) hue jayasena ne pravacanasAra para nirmita apanI tAtparyavRtti meM prAcArya : * Introduction on Pravachansar, by Dr. A. N. Upadhye, p. 101 pravacanasAra, A. N. upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita (rAmacandra jaina zAstra mAlA), pR. 2 I Introduction on Pravachansar by A. N. Upadhye, p. 104.

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti ] sAmAnya pUrvaghara - kAla : devaddha kSamAzramaNa amRtacaMdra dvArA ullikhita usa prasAnna bhavya kA nAma binA kisI vizeSaNa ke kevala zivakumAra diyA hai / " yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki prAcArya amRtacandra ne samaya prAbhRta Adi kI TIkAoM meM na granthakAra kA nAma diyA hai zraurana yahI ullekha kiyA hai ki vaha grantha kisake pratibodhArtha nirmita kiyA gyaa| isake viparIta AcArya jayasena ne 'paMcAstikAya prAbhRta' kI apanI tAtparya vRtti meM granthakAra kA nAma AcArya kundakunda batAte hue unake videha-gamana, vahAM zrImaMdarasvAmI kI vANI ke zravaNa Adi kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai ki videha kSetra se lauTane ke pazcAt prAcArya kundakunda ne zivakumAra mahArAja Adi saMkSeparuci ziSyoM ko pratibodha dene ke liye paMcAstikAya prAbhRta kI racanA kI / jayasena ke pazcAt IsA kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke lagabhaga hue prAdhyAtmI bAlacandra ne pravacanasAra kI apanI kannar3a TIkA meM, amRtacandra dvArA "Asanna saMsArapAra : " ke rUpa meM tathA jayasena dvArA " kazcidAsannabhavyaH zivakumAra nAmA" ke rUpa meM ullikhita usa prasanna bhavya kA apanI zrora se vizeSaraNa lagA kara "AsannabhavyanaM appa zivakumAra mahArAjam " ke rUpa meM paricaya diyA hai / 75. uparyukta tInoM TIkAkAroM ke ina ullekhoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karane para yahI siddha hotA hai ki pravacanasAra kI racanA kundakunda dvArA aura vaha bhI zivakumAra mahArAja ko pratibodha dene ke liye kI gaI, yaha IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM hue TIkAkAra jayasena kI apanI svayaM kI kalpanA hai / yadi IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI taka isa prakAra kI mAnyatA pracalita hotI athavA kisI grantha meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hotA ki kundakundAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI racanA kI aura zivakumAra mahArAja ko pratibodha dene ke lie kI, to IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke TIkAkAra amRtacandra apanI TIkA meM jayasena kI taraha avazya hI isa prakAra kA ullekha karate / strI usI bhava meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatI - isa viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlI 11 gAthAoM kA amRtacandra dvArA apanI TIkA meM sammilita na kiyA jAnA bhI pratyeka taTastha vicAraka ke mastiSka meM 1 pravacanasAra ( e. ena. upAdhye dvArA saMpAdita ) pR0 1-2 (ka) atha kumAranandi - siddhAntadeva ziSyaH prasiddhakathAnyAyena pUrva videhaM gatvA vItarAga sarvajJa zrImaMdarasvAmI tIrthaMkaraparamadevaM dRSTvA tanmukhakamalavinirgatadivyavANIzravaraNAvadhArita padArthAcchuddhAtmatatvAdisArArthaM gRhItvA punarapyAgataiH zrImatkuNDakundAcArya devaH padmanandyAdyaparAbhidheyerantastattva bahistastvagauraNa mukhyapratipattyarthaM prathavA zivakumAra mahArAjAdi saMkSeparuci ziSyapratibodhanArthaM viracite paJcAstikAya prAmRtazAstre, yathAkrameNAvikArazuddhipUrvakaM tAtparyAgaMvyAkhyAnaM kathyate / [ paMcAstikAyaprAbhUta, jayasenAcAryakRtatAtparyavRttiH ] (kha) maya prAbhUtagranthe zivakumAra mahArAjo nimitta anyatra dravya saMgrahAdI momA zreSThyAdi jJAtavyam / [ vahI, gAvA eka kI jayasenAz2AyaMkRta vRtti ] 2

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jaMna dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga* bhrAnti eka prakAra kA gaharA saMdeha utpanna kara detA hai ki jina-jina granthoM ko prAcArya kundakunda kI kRti batAyA jA rahA hai, unameM se vastutaH kauna-kauna se grantha prAcArya kundakunda dvArA likhe gaye haiN| paMcAstikAya prAbhRta kI gAthA saMkhyA 2 aura 173 ko dhyAnapUrvaka r3hapa lene ke pazcAt yaha tathya svataH hI prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki zrI jayasena evaM adhyAtmI bAlacandra dvArA apanI-apanI TIkAnoM meM kiyA gayA zivakumAra mahArAja kA ullekha pUrNataH unakI svayaM kI nirAdhAra kalpanA mAtra hai| usa kalpanA meM koI tathya nhiiN| . .paMcAstikAya kI dUsarI gAthA meM granthakAra ne nimnalikhita pratijJA kI hai: "zramaNa (bhagavAn mahAvIra) ke mukha se prakaTa hae, cAroM gatiyoM kA anta karane vAle evaM mokSapradAyI arthapUrNa samasta zruta ko praNAma kara maiM isa (paMcAstikAya grantha) kA kathana karUgA, use suno|" apanI pratijJAnusAra paMcAstikAya saMgraha sUtra kA kathana samApta karane ke pazcAt anta meM granthakAra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai : maggapabhAvaNa8, pavayaNabhattippacodideNa mayA / bhaNiyaM pavayaNasAraM, paMcatthiyasaMgahaM suttam / / 173 // prarthAt - pravacana kI bhakti se prerita ho jina-mArga kI prabhAvanA hetu maiMne pravacana ke sArabhUta paMcAstikAya saMgraha sUtra kA kathana kiyA hai| . . - aisA vicitra udAharaNa to saMbhavataH sAhitya ke itihAsa meM anyatra khojane para bhI nahIM milegA / granyakAra jahAM spaSTa zabdoM meM kaha rahe haiM ki pravacana ke prati apanI bhakti se prerita hokara unhoMne jinazAsana ko prabhAvanArtha isa grantha kA kathana kiyA hai, vahAM isake viparIta TIkAkAra kA yaha kathana kisI bhI dazA meM prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA ki zivakumAra mahArAja ko pratiboSa dene hetu kundakundAcArya ne isa grantha kI racanA kii| jayasena ne paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM prAcArya kundakunda ko kumAranandi siddhAntadeva kA ziSya batAyA hai| anya kisI pramANa se isakI puSTi na hone tathA sidAntadeva kI upAdhi ke vizeSa prAcIna na hone ke kAraNa digambara paramparA ke vidvAna, jayasena dvArA kiye gaye ullekha kI, prAmANikatA kI koTi meM gaNanA nahIM krte| saMskRta TIkAkAra jayasena evaM kannar3a TIkAkAra bAlacandra dvArA paMcAstikAyaprAbhRta kI TIkAmoM meM kiyA gayA 'zivakumAra mahArAja' kA ullekha hI jaba kAlpanika aura praprAmANika siddha ho jAtA hai to usa dazA meM zivamRgezavarma, pallavanareza zivaskandha athavA yuvA mahArAjA ko kundakunda kA samakAlIna mAna 'kundakunda prAbhUtasaMgraha (jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA 9) kI prastAvanA, (50 kalAzacandra) pRSTha . Introductory on Pravachansara, by, Dr. A. N. Upadhye, p. 10-14

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kAla ni. ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 761 kara prAcArya kundakunda ke.samaya kA nirNaya karanA vastutaH AkAza kusuma meM sugandha DhUMDhane tulya nirarthaka prayAsa hI hogaa| ____khyAtanAma vidvAn DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne svasaMpAdita pravacanasAra kI prastAvanA meM prAcArya kundakunda ke kAla ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / svargIya zrI nAthUrAma premI, DaoN0 pAThaka, prophesara cakravartI aura paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra ke abhimatoM ko pastuta karate hue unhoMne kevala prophesara cakravartI ke isa abhimata evaM saMbhAvanA ko apanA thor3A samarthana pradAna kiyA hai ki prAcArya kundakunda pallavanareza zivaskanda ke samakAlIna tathA tAmila bhASA ke prasiddha grantha kurala ke kartA the| DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne vistRta vivecana ke pazcAt UhApoha ke sAtha jo apanA abhimata vyakta kiyA hai, vaha dasa rUpa meM hai :-. __ "kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM kI gaI isa lambI carcA ke prakAza meM, jisameM hamane upalabdha paramparAoM kI pUrI taraha se chAna-bIna karane tathA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se samasyA kA mUlya prAMkane ke pazcAt kevala saMbhAvanAoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai| hamane dekhA hai ki paramparA unakA samaya IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArddha' aura IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI kA pUrvAddha batalAtI hai| kundakunda se pUrva SaTkhaNDAgama kI samApti kI sambhAvanA unheM IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke madhya ke pazcAt rakhatI hai / markarA tAmrapatra se unakI antima kAlAvadhi tIsarI zatAbdI kA madhya honA cAhiye / cacita maryAdAoM ke prakAza meM, ye saMbhAvanAeM ki kundakunda pallavavaMzI rAjA zivaskanda ke samakAlIna the aura yadi kucha aura nizcita AdhAroM para yaha pramANita ho jAye ki vahI elAcArya the to unhoMne kurala ko racA thA, sUcita karatI hai ki Upara batalAye gaye vistRta pramAraNoM ke prakAza meM kundakunda ke samaya kI maryAdA IsA kI prathama do zatAbdiyAM honI caahie| upalabdha sAmagrI ke isa vistRta paryavekSaNa ke pazcAt maiM vizvAsa karatA hU~ ki kundakunda kA samaya IsvI san kA prArambha hai (pravacanasAra prastAvanA pR0 22)2 DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne pravacanasAra para likhI gaI apanI prastAvanA meM prAcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM vistAra pUrvaka jo TApane vicAra rakhe haiM, unameM saMbhAvanAoM ke atiritta aisA koI Thosa pramANa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, jisase ki unake dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye abhimata kI puSTi hotI ho evaM sunizcita 'prAcArya kundakunda ke sAmAnyataH sabhI granthoM se evaM vizeSataH suttapAhara se yaha spaSTataH siDa hotA hai ki kundakundAcArya usa samaya ke prAcArya haiM, jisa samaya zvetAmbara-digambara matameva parama sImA taka pahuMca cukA thaa| yaha to donoM paramparAmoM dvArA sammata aitihAsika tathya hai ki bIra ni. saM. 6.6 athavA 6.6 meM nigraMtha saMpa ina do saMghoM meM vimala humA / IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA utarAI bhI kundakunda kA samaya ho sakatA hai, isa prakAra kI paramparAgata mAnyatA to kahIM dekhane sunane meM nahIM paaii| -sampAta kundakunda prAbhUta saMgraha kI prastAvanA, pR. 36

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762 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti rUpeNa isa nirNaya para pahu~cA jA sake ki - "kundakunda kA samaya IsvI san kA prArambha hai|"1 DaoN0 upAdhye ne vividha saMbhAvanAoM para to vistAra pUrvaka carcA kI hai para unakI prastAvanA ke par3hane ke pazcAt yaha bAta khaTakatI hai ki AcArya kundakunda ke kAlanirNaya meM sarvAdhika sahAyaka digambara paramparA ke Aja upalabdha pramAraNoM meM sabase adhika prAcIna likhita pramANa kI ora unakA dhyAna nahIM gyaa| jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai - gautama se lohArya (vIra ni0 saM0.683) taka kI prAcArya-paramparA kA sabhI prAmANika granthoM meM samAna ullekha hai / vIra nirvANa saM0 683 meM divaMgata hue lohAcArya ke pazcAt kI, saMghavibhAjana ke samaya taka kI prAcArya paramparA punnATa saMghIya AcArya 'jinasena ne harivaMza purANa, sarga66, zloka 25 meM ullikhita kI hai| harivaMza purANa kA yaha ullekha digambara paramparA ke upalabdha pramANoM meM sabase adhika prAcIna hai, isa tathya ko to koI vidvAn asvIkAra nahIM kara sktaa| indranandI ne apane zrutAvatAra ke zloka saMkhyA 84 tathA 85 dvArA harivaMza purANa ke uparokta zloka meM ullikhita tathyoM kI puSTi kI hai ki Arya lohAcArya ke pazcAt anukramazaH pAMca prAcArya hue| jinameM se prathama kA nAma vinayadhara aura pAMcaveM kA ahadvali thA / arhadbali ke pazcAt harivaMza purANa meM to punnATa saMgha ke prAcAryoM kI nAmAvali dI gaI hai kintu indranandI ne apane zrutAvatAra ke zloka saM0 102 -104, 127, 128, 132, 133, 146 dvArA ahabali ke pazcAt hue mAghanandI, dharasena, puSpadanta; bhUtabali, aura jinapAlita ina 5 prAcAryoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / tadanantara zloka saMkhyA 160 tathA 161 dvArA indranandI ne kuNDakundapura meM AcArya padmanandI (kundakundAcArya) ke hone tathA unake dvArA SakhaNDAgama ke prAdya 3 khaNDoM para 12,000 zloka parimAraNa ke parikarma nAmaka grantha ke likhe jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___SaTakhaNDAgama ke Adya tIna khaNDoM para parikarma nAmaka eka grantha likhA gayA thA" - indranandi ke isa kathana kI to puSTi hotI hai, para vaha "koNDakundapura ke padmanandi dvArA likhA gayA thA," isa kathana kI puSTi karane vAlA eka bhI pramANa Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| dhavalAkAra ne dhavalA TIkA meM parikarma nAmaka grantha kA pracura mAtrA meM ullekha karane ke sAtha-sAtha usake aneka uddharaNa bhI diye haiM / jIvaTThAraNa ke dravya pramANAnugama anuyogadvAra ke sUtra 52 ko dhavalA TIkA ko par3hane para to yaha pUrNataH pramANita ho jAtA hai ki parikarma vastutaH SakhaNDAgama ke pazcAdvartI kAla kA hI nahIM apitu SaTkhaNDAgama kA hI vyAkhyA-grantha hai| uparokta sUtra meM labdhaparyApta manuSyoM kA pramANa kSetra kI apekSA se jagatazreNI ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga batAne ke pazcAt yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jagatazreNI ke prasaMkhyAtaveM bhAga rUpa zreNI asaMkhyAta karor3a yojana pramANa hotI hai| isa para dhavalA meM yaha zaMkA uThAI gaI hai ki isake kahane kI kyA mAvazyakatA thI? isa zaMkA 1. I am inclined to believe, after this long survey of the available material, that Kundkunda's age lies at the beginning of the Christian era. (Introduction op Pravacbausara, by A. N. Upadhye, p. 22]

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi samAzramaNa 763 kA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa sUtra se isa bAta kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA thA ki jagatazreNI ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga rUpa zreNI kA pramANa asaMkhyAta karor3a yojana hai| isa para punaH zaMkA kI gaI hai ki isa bAta kA jJAna to parikama se hI ho jAtA hai, aisI dazA meM sUtra meM isa kathana kI kyA AvazyakatA thI? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki isa sUtra ke bala arthAt prAdhAra se hI to 'parikarma' kI pravRtti huI hai| __prAcAryoM se saMbaMdhita indranandi dvArA zrutAvatAra meM ullikhita vivaraNa ko par3hane ke pazcAt yaha spaSTa AbhAsa hotA hai ki mAghanandI aura dharasena ke bIca tathA jinapAlita evaM kundakunda ke bIca meM aura bhI aneka prAcArya hue hoMge aura unake sambandha meM kisI prakAra kI sUcanA upalabdha na ho sakane ke kAraNa indranandi una prAcAryoM ke krama, nAma, saMkhyA Adi kA ullekha nahIM kara paaye| . vastutaH harivaMza purANa meM ullikhita aura indranandikRta zrutAvatAra dvArA samarthita uparivariNata tathyoM kI ora dhyAna na Ane ke kAraNa hI DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne kundakunda kA samaya IsvI san kA prArambha mAnA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jisa prakAra pravacanasAra para prastAvanA likhate samaya dhavalA meM vidyamAna parikarma ke vipula ullekhoM evaM uddharaNoM kI ora DaoN0 upAdhye kA dhyAna nahIM gayA, usI prakAra harivaMza purANa meM ullikhita upayukta tathyoM kI ora bhI dhyAna nahIM gayA hai| ghavalA ke prakAzita hone ke pazcAt unhoMne apamA abhimata badala diyA hai|' paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra evaM zrI nAthUrAmajI premI ne prA0 kundakunda ke samaya para apane vicAra prastuta karate samaya DaoN0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kI taraha indranandikRta zrutAvatAra meM ullikhita tathyoM kI upekSA to nahIM kI hai para harivaMza purANa meM ullikhita lohAcArya se saMghavibhAjana taka kI prAcArya paramparA kI ora saMbhavataH unakA dhyAna nahIM gayA hai, jisake pariNAma svarUpa, yadyapi indranandi ne apane sampUrNa zrutAMvatAra meM eka hI kAla meM hue eka se adhika prAcAryoM kA kahIM eka sAtha ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI zloka saM0 84 kI zabda-racanA para UhApoha karate hue yaha anumAna lagAyA ki vinayadhara mAdi cAra pArAtIya muni samakAlIna the aura unakA sammilita kAla 20 varSa ho sakatA hai| yadi ina donoM vidvAnoM kA dhyAna harivaMza purANa, sarga 66 ke zloka saMkhyA 25 kI ora jAtA to ve bahuta saMbhava hai ina cAroM prAcAryoM ko-eka ke pazcAt eka-anukramazaH hue prAcArya mAnakara ina cAroM kA kAla 20 ke sthAna para 80 varSa anumAnita karate aura isa prakAra inake pazcAt huye prAcArya prahaMdubali kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 763 se 753 ke bIca kA anumAnita krte| . 'kundakunda prAbhRta saMgraha, prastAvanA, pR0 13 thI jinendravarNI ne bhI mukhtAra sA. ke isa.manumAna ke mApAra para apane cainendra siddhAnta koza, prathama bhAga ke pRSTha 332 para inako samakAmIna mAnate hue ina cAroM kA sammilita kAla 20 varSa diyA hai| -sampAdaka

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764 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga* bhrAnti Aja se 1110 varSa pUrva ke harivaMza ke ullekha aura uparivariNata tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para prAcArya mahadvali kA aMtima samaya vIra ni saM. 783 ke pAsa-pAsa kA sunizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra ahaMbali kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 783 siddha ho jAne para unake pazcAt hue mAghanandi kA prAcAryakAla 20 varSa, mAghanandi aura dharasena ke bIca hue prAcAryoM ke nAma aura saMkhyA viSayaka ullekha ke abhAva meM unake kAla kI gaNanA na kara ke dharasena kA kAla 20 varSa, (vI0 ni0 saM0 823) puSpadanta kA 30 varSa, jinapAlita kA samaya 30 varSa anumAnita kiyA jAya to jinapAlita kA aMtima samaya vIra ni0 saM0 883 ke pAsa-pAsa kA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isase Age jina pAlita aura kundakundAcArya ke bIca meM kitane kAla meM kitane prAcArya hue, isa tathya ko prakaTa karane vAle tathyoM ke abhAva meM indranandi dvArA padmanandi ke sambandha meM zrutAvatAra meM ullikhita nimnalikhita zloka ke AdhAra para anumAna kA sahArA lene ke atirikta padmanandi (kundakundAcArya) ke kAla ke bAre meM vicAra karane kA aura koI mArga hI avaziSTa nahIM raha jAtA : evaM dvividhodravyabhAvapustakagataH samAgacchan / guruparipATyA jJAtaH siddhAntaH kuNDakundapure // 160 // zrI padmanandi muninA so'pi dvAdazasahasraparimANaH / grantha parikarmakartA SaTkhaNDAdyatrikhaNDasya / / 161 // . isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki jinapAlita aura kundakunda ke bIca meM adhika na sahI tIna-cAra prAcArya avazya hue hoNge| una prajJAtanAma 3-4 prAcAryoM kA samuccaya kAla kama se kama 60 varSa bhI mAna liyA jAya to prAcArya pamanandi, apara nAma kundakundAcArya kA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 943 ke Asa-pAsa kA maura mAghanandI tathA dharasena ke bIca meM tIna-cAra prAcAryoM kA astitva mAna lene kI dazA meM vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke Asa-pAsa kA anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai / IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke TIkAkAra jayasena ne paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM prAcArya kundakunda ko devanandi siddhAnta deva kA ziSya batAyA hai, nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM inheM bhadrabAhu dvitIya kA paramparA-ziSya tathA jinacandra kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai, bodha prAbhRta kI gAthA saMkhyA 61 tathA 62 ke mAdhAra para katipaya vidvAn yahAM taka kalpanA karate haiM ki prAcArya kundakunda vastutaH caturdaza pUrvadhara AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAkSAt ziSya the| zaka saM0 1320 ke siddharabastI ke lekha saM0 105 ke zloka saM0 13 meM kundakunda kA nAma AcArya vIra ke pazcAt diyA gayA hai| isase yaha AzaMkA bhI utpanna hotI hai ki prAcArya kundakunda ke guru kA nAma vIra thaa| ina saba ullekhoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdi ' zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA01, pR0 17 para diye gaye isa lekha ke zloka saM0 13 meM ullikhita "ityAcaneka sUrISvaya supadamupeteSu" isa pada se prakaTa hotA hai ki lohAcArya aura

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kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa 765 ke TIkAkAra jayasena ke samaya meM hI nahIM apitu usase pahale IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke aMta ke zrutAvatArakAra indranandi ke samaya meM bhI digambara paramparA ke sAhitya meM prAcArya kundakunda ke guru ke nAma ke sambandha meM koI sarvasammata prAmANika ullekha grastitva meM nahIM thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vibhinna granthoM, zilAlekhoM evaM paTTAvaliyoM meM unake guru ke sambandha meM bhinna-bhinna ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / AcArya paramparA viSayaka vibhinna granthoM, zilAlekhoM, paTTAvaliyoM Adi meM upalabdha ullekhoM kA pUrNataH taTastha dRSTi se paryavekSaraNa karane para nimnalikhita saMbhAvanAeM anumAnita kI jA sakatI haiM / 1. AcArya kundakunda nandisaMgha kI paramparA ke parama pratibhAzAlI mahAn prAcArya the / 2. jisa prakAra bhadrabAhu dvitIya aura mAghanandi ke bIca 6 prAcAryoM ke hote hue bhI nandi saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM unheM bhadrabAhu ke ziSya gupti gupta kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai, usI prakAra mAghanandi zraura jinacandra ke bIca meM bhI aneka prAcAryoM ke hone ke uparAnta bhI jinacandra ko mAghanandi kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai / isakA kAraNa saMkSepa meM varNana karane kI praNAlI kA avalambana athavA bIca ke prAcAryoM ke nAmoM kI vismRti ho sakatA hai / 3. kundakunda ko jina prAcArya jinacandra kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai ve jinacandra kahIM puSpadanta ke bhAMgineya evaM ziSya jinapAlita hI to nahIM haiM / gRhastha kAla kA jinapAlita nAma prAcAryakAla meM candra ke samAna dharmodyota karane para jinacandra ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAnA buddhisaMgata bhI pratIta hotA hai / 4. jisa prakAra bhadrabAhu dvitIya tathA mAghanandi ke bIca meM zraura mAghanandi tathA jinacandra ( jinapAlita) ke bIca meM aneka prAcAryoM ke hone ke uparAnta bhI unakA paraspara sAkSAt guru-ziSya kA sambandha banA diyA gayA, ThIka usI taraha yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jinapAlita - jinacandra aura kundakundAcArya ke bIca meM aneka zrAcAryoM ke hote hue bhI nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM inakA ullekha sAkSAt guruziSya ke rUpa meM kara diyA gayA ho / yadi uparokta saMbhAvanAeM itihAsa ke vizeSajJoM dvArA tathya kI kasauTI para kasI jAne ke anantara kharI utareM to prAcArya kundakunda kA samaya, rASTrakUTa vaMzI rAjA govinda tRtIya ke rAjyakAla ke zaka saM0 716 aura 724 ke do tAmrapatroM ke AdhAra para DaoN0 ke0 pI0 pAThaka dvArA prakaTa kiye gaye unake zrabhimatAnusAra zaka saM0 450, tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1055 to nahIM para jaisA ki Upara batAyA jA cukA hai, vIra ni0saM0 150 ke prAsa-pAsa kA zraura unakA svargArohaNakAla vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke pazcAt taka kA ho sakatA hai : kundakunda ke bIca meM hue jitane prAcAyoM ke nAma lekha meM diye gaye haiM, unake pratirikta mora bhI prAcArya hue the / sampAdaka wap

Page #896
766 - jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni ga0 bhrAnti ___rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjA govinda tRtIya ke ve donoM tAmrapatrAbhilekha vidvAnoM meM bar3e carcA ke viSaya rahe haiM ataH pAThakoM kI suvidhArtha unheM yahAM yathAvat uddha ta kiyA jA rahA hai : rASTrakUTavaMzIya mahArAja govinda tRtIya zaka saM0716 kA tAmralekha prAsId (vai) toraNAcAryaH koNDakundAnvayodbhavaH / sa . caitadviSaye zrImAn, zAlmalIgrAmamAzritaH / / nirAkRtatamo'rAti, sthApayan satpathe janAn / svatejodyotita kSoNizcaNDAciriva yo babhau / / tasyAbhUt puSpanandI tu ziSyo vidvAn gaNAgraNIH / tacchiSyazca prabhAcandrastasyeyaM vasatiH . kRtaa| govinda tRtIya kA zaka saM0724 kA dUsarA tAmralekha koNDakondAnvayodAro, gaNo'bhUd bhuvnstutH| tadetad viSaya vikhyAtaM' zAlmalI grAmamAvasam (da) / pAsId (vai) toraNAcAryastapaH . phalaMparigrahaH / tatropazamasaMbhUtabhAvanApAstakalmazaH , paNDitaH puSpanandIti, .. babhUva bhuvi vizrutaH / . antevAsI mumestasya sakalazcandramA .. iva // pratidivasa bhavavRddhinirastadoSo vyapeta hRdayamalaH / / paribhRtacandrabimbastacchiSyo'bhUt prabhAcandraH / / uparyullikhita donoM tAmrapatrAbhilekhoM kA bhAvArtha yaha hai ki koNDakundAnvayI toraNAcArya zAlmalI grAma meM prAkara rhe| unhoMne prajJAnAndhakAra ko dhvasta kara logoM ko satpatha kA pathika bnaayaa| apane taMpasteja se pRthvI-maNDala ko prakAzita karate hue ve madhyAhna ke sUrya ke samAna suzobhita ho rahe the| unake ziSya puSpanandi hue, jo bar3e vidvAn evaM dUra-dUra taka vikhyAta the| una puSpanandi ke antevAsI ziSya prabhAcandra nAmaka muni hue, jo saba prakAra ke doSoM se rahita, vizuddha hRdaya evaM pUrNimA ke candra ke samAna dedIpyamAna mukhamaNDala vAle the| - sva0 gaeN0 ke0 bI0 pAThaka kA kahanA hai ki pahale kA lekha zaka saM0716 kA hai to prabhAcandra ke dAdAguru toraNacArya zaka saM0 600 ke pAsa-pAsa rahe hoMge, aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / toraNAcArya jaba kundakundAnvaya meM hue haiM to . . "viSayasyAtaM' pATha honA cAhiye pranyayA chando-maMga kI sthiti hotI hai| na zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA. 2, pR. 122, 123 bhora 126,

Page #897
kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti ] sAmAnya pUrvadhara - kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa - 767 kundakunda kA samaya unase 150 varSa pUrva arthAt zaka saM0 450 ke lagabhaga mAnane meM koI hAni nahIM / yahAM zrI pAThaka ne toraNAcArya aura kundakundAcArya ke samaya nirdhAraNa meM jisa anumAna athavA kalpanA kI prakriyA kA avalambana kiyA hai, use par3ha kara pratyeka pAThaka anubhava karegA ki kisI bhI taraha ke AdhAra ke aMkuza ke prabhAva meM isa prakAra ke kAlpanika kAla ko to koI yatheccha ghaTA athavA bar3hA sakatA hai / tAmrapatra meM ullekha hai ki zaka saM0 716 meM prabhAcandra ke nAma para vasati kA nirmAraNa karAyA gayA / ve prabhAcandra puSpanandi ke ziSya evaM toraNAcArya ke praziSya the / inameM se pratyeka AcArya kA 40 varSa kA prAcArya kAla ginane para hI zrI pAThaka ke kathanAnusAra toraNAcArya kA prAcArya pada para AsIna hone kA kAla zaka saM0 600 ke Asa-pAsa ho sakatA hai| eka se adhika - aneka prAcAryoM ke prajJAta kAla ke sambandha meM kisI saMbhAvita nirNaya para pahu~canA ho to moTe taura para pratyeka prAcArya kA kAla 20 varSa ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kundakundAcArya ke kAla nirNaya ke prayAsa meM zrI pAThaka ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki toraNAcArya se 150 varSa pUrva arthAt zaka saM0 450 ke lagabhaga kundakundAcArya kA samaya mAna liyA jAya to koI hAni nahIM hai / eka vidvAn kaha sakatA hai ki kundakundAcArya aura toraNAcArya ke bIca kA antarAla kAla 200 varSa mAnA jAya / isI prakAra dUsarA 50 varSa aura tIsarA vidvAn 100 varSa kA antarAla kAla mAnane kI bAta kaha sakatA hai | zrI pAThaka ne apane anumAna ko sAdhAra banAne hetu paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM TIkAkAra jayasena aura bAlacandra dvArA nirdiSTa zivakumAra mahArAja ke zivamRgeza varma hone kI saMbhAvanA prakaTa karate hue likhA hai- "zaka saM0 500 meM kIrti nAmaka cAlukya vaMzI rAjA ne bAdAmI meM kadambavaMza ke rAjya kA anta kiyA isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki zaka saM0 450 meM zivamRgezavamaM rAjya karate the / prAcArya kundakunda ne zivakumAra mahArAja ko pratibodha dene ke liye paMcAstikAya kI racanA kI, isa prakAra kA ullekha TIkAkAra jayasenAcArya aura bAlacandra ne kiyA hai / ve zivakumAra mahArAja vastutaH zivamRgezavarma hI jAna par3ate haiM / zrataH kundakundAcAryaM. kA samaya bhI unake zivamRgezavamaM ke samakAlIna hone ke kAraNa zaka saM0 450, tadanusAra vi0 saM0 585 siddha hotA hai / " yaha to pahale siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki jayasenAcArya se lagabhaga 200 varSa pahale hue prAcArya amRtacandra dvArA paMcAstikAya prAdi kI apanI TIkA meM zivakumAraM mahArAja aura prAcArya kundakunda kA kisI prakAra kA ullekha na kiye jAne ke phalasvarUpa jayasenAcArya tathA bAlacandra dvArA kiyA gayA uparyuddhata ullekha prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / aisI dazA meM jayasenAcArya tathA bAlacandra dvArA kiye gaye ukta ullekha para to vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hAM, anya aitihAsika tathyoM ke prAdhAra para zrI pAThaka ne zivamRgezavarma aura prAcArya kundakunda ke sama

Page #898
768 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [kAla ni0 ga0 bhrAnti kAlIna hone kA anumAna kiyA hai, usa para mAghanandi, dharasena jinapAlita (jinacandra) Adi ke sambandha meM Upara prastuta kiye gaye tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM vicAra karane para zrI pAThaka kA anumAna tathya ke thor3A nikaTa pahu~catA huprA pratIta hotA hai| yaha yahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki prAja se 60 varSa pUrva paM0 gajAdharajI jaina, nyAyazAstrI ne bhI kundakunda kA samaya zaka saM0 450 tadanusAra vIra ni0 saM0 1055 ke Asa-pAsa kA anumAnita kiyA thaa|' - AcArya kundakunda ke samaya para vicAra karate samaya koriNa mahArAjA avinIta (koGgaNi dvitIya) kA markarA ke khajAne se prApta tAmrapatra (saMskRta kannar3a), jisa para ki saMvatsara 388 (somavAra svAti nakSatra) aMkita hai, vidvAnoM meM vigata aneka varSoM se bar3A carcA kA viSaya rahA hai / isa tAmrapatra ke-"zrImAn koGkariNa mahArAja avinIta nAmadheya dattasya desigagaraNaM koNDakundAnvaya guNacandrabhaTTAra ziSyasya abhayaraNaMdi" Adi aMza meM 'desiga gaNaM koNDakundAnvaya' ke 6 prAcAryoM kA ullekha dekha kara e0 ena0 upAdhye 3 Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne kundakundAcArya kA samaya IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA thaa| para DaoN0 gulAbacanda caudharI ne gahana zodha ke pazcAt pramANapurassara markarA ke ukta tAmrapatra ko banAvaTI siddha kara diyA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAlajI ne bhI zrI caudharI ke zodhapUrNa abhimata kI puSTi karate hue likhA hai : "(11) markarA ke jisa tAmrapatra lekha ke AdhAra para koNDakundAnvaya kA astitva 5 vIM zatI meM mAnA jAtA hai, vaha lekha parIkSaNa karane para banAvaTI siddha hotA hai, tathA dezIya gaNa kI jo paramparA usa lekha meM dI gaI hai, vaha lekha naM0 150 (san 931) ke bAda kI mAlUma hotI hai| (12) koNDakundAnvaya kA svatantra prayoga AThavIM nauvIM zatI ke lekha meM dekhA gayA hai tathA mUla saMgha koNDakundAnvaya kA eka sAtha sarvaprathama prayoga lekha naM0 180 (lagabhaga 1044 I0) 5 meM harA pAyA jAtA hai|" ... uparilikhita tathyoM aura vistRta carcA se kundakundAcArya kA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 1000 ke Asa-pAsa kA sunizcita ho jAne ke anantara vidvAnoM ke liye yaha khoja karanA bhI paramAzyaka ho jAtA hai ki vastutaH prAcArya kundakunda ne kina-kina granthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| ' prastuta grantha pR0 757 . 2 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhA. 2, pR0 63-64 : 3 Introduction on Pravachansar, (by A. N. Upadhye) p. 22 4 caina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, (mA0 diga0 granthamAlA) prastAvanA, pR0 46.50 5 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR0 220 (mA. diga* jaina graM. mAlA) 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, prAkkapana, pR0 3

Page #899
766 sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa kevalI-kAla se pUrvadharakAla taka sAdhvI-paramparA jainadharma kI anAdikAla se yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki isameM puruSoM ke samAna hI striyoM ko bhI sAdhanApatha para agrasara hone kI pUrNa adhikAriNI mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kisI bhI varNa, varga athavA jAti kA mumukSa puruSa apane sAmarthyAnusAra praNavata aMgIkAra kara zrAvaka evaM paMca mahAvrata dhAraNa kara zramaNa bana sakatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra pratyeka varga, varNa athavA jAti kI strI bhI apanI zakti evaM icchA ke anurUpa zramaNopAsikA-dharma athavA zramaNI-dharma grahaNa kara sakatI hai / "strIzUdro nApIyetAm" - isa prakAra ke pratibandha ke liye jainadharma meM kabhI kahIM kiMciramAtra bhI sthAna nahIM rakhA gayA hai| isakA akATya pramANa hai anAdikAla se tIrthaMkaroM dvArA apane-apane samaya meM sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA kiyA jAnA / yadi striyoM ko isa adhikAra se vaMcita rakhA jAtA to jainadharma meM paturvidha tIrtha ke sthAna para sAdhu aura zrAvaka varga ke rUpa meM dvividha tIrtha hI hotA / vastusthiti yaha hai ki anAdikAla se tIrthaMkara tIrtha-sthApanA ke samaya puruSa varga kI taraha nArIvarga ko bhI sAdhanAkSetra kA suyogya evaM sakSama adhikArI samajhakara caturvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA karate pAye haiN| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki sabhI tathaMkaroM dvArA pradatta isa amUlya adhikAra kA striyoM ne saharSa hArdika svAgata kiyaa| isa adhikAra kA sadupayoga karate hue mahilAeM bhI puruSoM kI taraha bar3e sAhasa ke sApa sAdhanApatha para agrasara huIM aura unhoMne pAramakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha banakalyANa karate hue jainadharma ke pracAra, prasAra tathA abhyutthAna meM paramparA se bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| caubIsoM tIrthakaroM ke sAdhu-sAdhvI-zrAvaka-zrAvikAnoM kI saMsthA ke tulanAtmaka IkSaNa se to vastutaH aisA prakaTa hotA hai ki sASanApatha meM mahilAeM sadA puruSoM se bahuta pAge rahI hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke prAmANika granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhuSoM kI saMkhyA bahAM 14,000 dI hai, vahAM sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA 36,000 dI hai, jo sAdhunoM kI saMkhyA kI tulanA meM bAIgunA se bhI adhika hai| prabhu mahAvIra kI zrAvikAmoM kI saMkhyA bhI zrAvakoM kI apekSA zvetAmbara paramparA ke anyoM meM dugunI mora. digambara paramparA ke anyoM meM tigunI batAI gaI hai| isI prakAra donoM paramparAmoM ke anyoM meM zeSa 23 tIpaMkaroM ke sAdhunoM kI apekSA sAdhviyoM kI tathA zrAvakoM kI apekSA zrAvikAnoM kI saMkhyA savAgunI se lekara caturguNita taka adhika batAI gaI hai| digambara paramparA meM to (yApanIya saMgha ko chor3a) strI-mukti nahIM mAnI gaI hai| para zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAgama 'jammUDhIpa prApti' meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva

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770 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA kI 4000 sAdhviyoM ke mokSagamana kA ullekha hai| mukta huI ina sAdhviyoM kI yaha saMkhyA unake mukta hue sAdhunoM kI saMkhyA se dugunI hai| isI prakAra kalpasUtra meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI kramazaH 3 hajAra, 2 hajAra evaM 1400 sAdhviyoM ke siddha-buddha-mukta hone kA ullekha hai| ina tInoM tIrthaMkaroM ke mukta hue sAdhuoM kI apekSA mukta huIM inakI sAdhviyoM kI saMkhyA bhI dugunI hai|' ina saba tathyoM se nirvivAdarUpeNa yahI siddha hotA hai ki anAdi-pratIta meM jitane bhI tIrthakara hue haiM aura mahAvideha kSetra meM jo tIrthaMkara vidyamAna haiM, una saba ne puruSoM aura striyoM ko samAna rUpa se sAdhanA ke kSetra meM agrasara hone kA avasara athavA adhikAra pradAna kiyA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhI dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA ke samaya jisa prakAra indrabhUti gautama Adi 11 gaNadharoM ko unakI ziSya-maNDalI sahita zramaNa-dharma meM tathA anya mumukSu puruSoM ko zramaNopAsaka dharma meM dIkSita kara puruSa varga ko sAdhanA. patha kA adhikArI ghoSita kiyA, usI prakAra candanabAlA prAdi mahilAmoM ko bhI zramaNI-dharma meM tathA anya mumukSu mahilAvarga ko zramaraNopAsikA dharma meM dIkSita kara nArI varga ko bhI puruSoM ke samAna hI sAdhanA dvArA sva-para-kalyANa karane kA adhikArI ghoSita kiyaa| . sakala carAcara ke zaraNya vizvakabandhu prabhu mahAvIra ne jisa samaya caturvidha dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kI, usa samaya AryAvarta meM dhArmika evaM sAmAjika sthiti bar3I vicitra thii| "strIzadro nAdhIyetAm" kA nAda ghara-ghara meM, sarvatra gaMjarita ho rahA thaa| puruSa bhoktA hai aura nArI bhogyA-isa prakAra kA 'ahaM' puruSavarga meM jAgata ho carama sImA para pahuMca cukA thaa| vaha nArI ko apane samakakSa sthAna dene ke lie sahamata nahIM thaa| apanI prAMkhoM para par3e svArthaparatA ke prAvaraNa ke kAraNa puruSavarga ne nArI kI hInatA kA aMkana karane meM kisI prakAra kI korakasara nahIM rakhI thii| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI apanA ekAdhipatya banAye rakhane kI AkAMkSA liye puruSavarga ne nArI ko abalA ghoSita kara sanyasta jIvana ke liye anadhikAriNI btlaayaa| deza meM sarvatra yahI loka-pravAha cala rahA thaa| ___ isa loka-pravAha ke viruddha nArI ko sanyAsa-dharma meM dIkSita karane kA kisI dharmapravartaka ko sAhasa nahIM ho rahA thaa| bodharma ke pravartaka bhagavAna buddha bhI nArI ko bhikSuNI-dharma meM pravajita karane kA sahasA sAhasa nahIM kara pAye, yaha bauddha dharmagrantha 'cullavagga' ke nimnalikhita vivaraNa se spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai :___"bAta una dinoM kI hai jaba bhagavAna buddha kapilavastu ke nyagrodhArAma meM virAjamAna the| mahAprajApati gautamI (bhagavAn buddha kI mausI, jisane navajAta zizu buddha kI mAtA ke dehAvasAna ke pazcAt unheM apanA stanapAna karA unakA 'na dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1 (pariziSTa) pRSTha 586-510

Page #901
771 sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa sAmAnya pUvaSara-kAla : apane putra ke samAna lAlana-pAlana kiyA thA), jahAM bhagavAn the, mAI, prAkara bhagavAn ko abhivAdana kiyaa| abhivAdana kara eka ora baiTha gii| vaha bhagavAn se bolIbhante ? maiM nArI, pragAra dharma se anagAra dharma meM Akara tathAgata-pravedita dharma-vinayadIkSA pAnA cAhatI huuN| bhagavAn buddha ne kahA - gautamI ! tumhArI (nArI kI) tathAgata-pravedita dharma-vinaya-bhikSu dharma meM ruci na ho, yahI acchA hai| mahAprajApati ne tIna bAra prAvedana kiyA aura bhagavAn buddha ne tInoM hI bAra asvIkAra kiyaa| bhagavAn nArI ko tathAgata-pravedita dharma meM dIkSita nahIM karate haiM, yaha dekha gautamI duHkhI durmana aura azrumukhI hotI huI, rotI huI bhagavAn ko abhivAdana kara pradakSiNA kara lauTa gii| __ kapila vastu se vihAra karate hue bhagavAn vaizAlI prAye, mahAvana sthita kUTAgAra zAlA meM Tike / taba mahAprajApati gautamI kezacchedana kara, kASAya vastra pahana, bahuta sI zAkya mahilAoM ke sAtha vaizAlI praaii| vaha mahAvana meM sthita kUTAgAra-zAlA kI ora clii| usake naMge paira dhUla ke karaNoM se bhare the| duHkhI, durmana, prazramukhI gautamI bAharI dvAra para ThaharI / prAyuSmAn mAnanda ne mahAprajApati gautamI ko isa sthiti meM dekhaa| dekha kara pUchA - yaha saba kyoM ? gautamI bolIbhante prAnanda ! bhagavAn nArI ko tathAgata-pravedita dharma-vinaya meM pAne kI anuzA nahIM, dete haiN| prAnanda ne kahA - muhUrta bhara tuma yahIM Thaharo, maiM bhagavAn se isa sambandha meM yAcanA kara paauuN| . prAyuSmAn prAnanda bhagavAn ke pAsa pAyA, abhivAdana kara eka aora baiThA, bhagavAn se nivedana kiyA - mahAprajApati gautamI, bhagavAn nArI ko dIkSita nahIM karate, yaha dekha duHkhI, durmana aura AMsU girAtI huI bAharI dvAra para baiThI hai, usake naMge paira dhUla se bhare haiM / bhagavan ! acchA ho, nArI tathAgata-pravedita vinaya-dharma meM dIkSA pA sake / bhagavAn ne kahA- nahIM prAnanda ! nArI ko tathAgata-pravedita dharmavinaya meM dIkSita kiyA jAya, aisI ruci tumhArI nahIM honI caahie| mAnanda ne dUsarI bAra aura tIsarI bAra bhI nivedana kiyA aura bhagavAn ne niSedha / taba prAnanda ne dekhA, yoM to bhagavAn nArI ko dIkSita hone ko anuzA nahIM de rahe haiM, dUsarI vidhi se unase kahUM / taba prAyuSmAn prAnanda ne bhagavAna se nivedana kiyA - bhagavan ! kyA nArI agAra jIvana se anagAra jIvana meM prA, tathA'gata-pravedita dharma-vinaya meM pravajita ho, srotApatraphala, sakRdAgAri-phala, anAgAriphala aura arhat-phala kA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatI hai ? bhagavAna ne kahA- aisA ho sakatA hai| taba Ananda bolA- bhagavan ! yadi aisA hai to mahAprajApati gautamI, jisakA hama para bahuta upakAra hai, jo bhagavAn kI mausI hai, jisane bhagavAn kA poSaNa kiyA, dUdha pilAyA, bhagavAn kI jananI ke kAla kara jAne para bhagavAna ko stanapAna karAyA, acchA ho, tathAgata-pravedita dharma-vinaya meM dIkSA-lAbha kara ske|

Page #902
772 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA bhagavAn bole-Ananda ! yadi gautamI pATha guru dharma svIkAra kare to usakI upasampadA (dokSA) ho sakatI hai|' cullavagga ke anusAra unameM (pATha guru dharmo meM) se mukhya-mukhya ye haiM - 1. sau varSa pUrva bhI dIkSita bhikSuNI usI dina dIkSita bhikSu kA bhI prabhi . vAdana - pratyutthAna va aMjali-karma kre| 2. jisa gAMva meM bhikSu na ho, vahAM bhikSuNI na rhe| 3. hara pakSa meM uposatya kisa dina hai aura dharmopadeza sunane ke liye kaba mAnA hai, ye do bAteM vaha bhikSu-saMgha se pUche / 4. cAturmAsa ke pazcAt bhikSuNI ko bhikSu-saMgha pora bhikSuNI saMgha se pravA___ raNA-sva-doSa-jJApana kI prArthanA karanI hogii| 5. kisI bhI kAraNa se bhikSuNI bhikSu ko DAMTe-phaTakAre nahIM aura bhikSu __ bhiNiyoM ko upadeza de| tadanantara bhagavAn buddha ne mahAprajApati gautamI ko upasampadA dI para antataH ve isase tuSTa nahIM the| unhoMne mAnanda se kahA ki dharma-saMgha sahasroM varSa calatA para kyoMki nArI ko isameM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai ataH yaha cirakAla taka nahIM TikegA / aba yaha saikar3oM varSa hI Tikane vAlA hai|" ___ mahAprajApati gautamI ke pravrajyA-prasaMga ko par3hane se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAtmA buddha nArI-pravrajyA ke lie antataH sahamata nahIM the| mahAprajApati gautamI dvArA tIna bAra nivadena kiyA jAnA, buddha dvArA tInoM bAra niSedha kiyA jAnA, bhagavAna ke ananya mantevAsI prAmanda dvArA bhI tIna bAra anurodha kiyA jAnA, usa para bhI buddha kI prasvIkRti-ye ghaTanAkrama yaha siddha karate haiM ki mAnanda dvArA dUsare prakAra se punaH prArthanA kiye jAne para buddha ne mahAprajApati gautamI kI pravrajyA kI jo svIkRti dI, vaha kevala prAnanda kA mana rakhane ke lie thii| ve aisA kara prasanna nahIM the| saMgha ke uttarottara ujjvala bhaviSya ke sambandha meM unakI prAzA dhUmila ho gaI, jo unake antima vAkyoM se prakaTa hotA hai| .. isa sandarbha meM hama yadi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vicAroM para gaharAI se UhApoha kareM to unake cintana meM aisA bheda hI pratIta nahIM hotA ki amuka mumukSa * puruSa hai yA nArI / unakI dRSTi meM kevala, yaha sAdhanonmukta vyakti hai, itanA sA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra jAti, varNa, varga kA bheda unake mana para koI asara nahIM karatA, usI prakAra liMga-bheda bhI unake samakSa samasyA bana kara nahIM paataa| itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne binA kisI saMkoca ke tIrthasthApanA ke avasara para gautamAdi puruSoM ko zramaraNa-dharma meM dIkSita kara tatkAla candanabAlA prAdi nAriyoM ko bhI zramaNI-dharma meM dIkSita kiyaa| ' lma banna 10, 1.1 2 pulla bagga 10, 2. 2

Page #903
sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 773 / mahAprajApati ke uparyukta prAkhyAna aura bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA tIrthasthApanA ke divasa kI tAtkAlika velA meM hI candanabAlA Adi nAriyoM ko zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita kiye jAne ke vivaraNa se yaha spaSTataH prakaTa hotA hai ki gautama buddha ko vyAvahArika bhUmikA ne chU liyA thA aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko vaha vyAvahArika bhUmikA kiMcitmAtra bhI chU nahIM skii| tIrthaMkara anusrotagAmI nahIM hote| ve to satyavimukha rUDha paramparAmoM, aMdhazraddhAnoM aura nissAra-thothI mAnyatAmoM kA unmUlana kara eka nUtana krAntikArI prAdhyAtmika saMskRti kI pratiSThApanA karate haiN| aise mahApuruSa bhalA loka-pravAha meM kaise baha sakate haiM ? sarvajJasarvadarzI prabhu mahAvIra ne sva-para-kalyANakArI dharmArAdhanA-adhyAtma sAdhanA ke kSetra meM tatvataH puruSa aura nArI jaisA koI bheda na rakha kara sAdhanA kI sApavAda (dezavirati) aura nirapavAda (sarvavirati.)-ina donoM vidhAmoM arthAt zrAvakazrAvikA dharma evaM sAdhu-sAdhvI dharma ke anusaraNa-anupAlana ke liye puruSa tathA nArI varga kA samAna rUpa se AhvAna kiyaa| yaha vastutaHbhagavAn mahAvIra kI mahAvIratA thii| isakA pariNAma bhI atIva zreSTha aura parama sukhAvaha rahA / nArI varga ne yaha siddha kara diyA ki AtmA ke abhyutthAna ke liye adhyAtma-sAdhanA-patha kA avalambana karane kI nArI bhI puruSa ke samAna pUrNa pradhikAriNI hai, prabuddha puruSa kI taraha prabuddhA nArI bhI utkaTa saMyama kA pAlana aura sarvocca tyAga karane meM sarvataH sakSama hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA tIrtha-pravartana kAla se lekara Aja taka kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki zramaraNI-dharma meM dIkSita nAriyoM ne jisa bar3I saMkhyA meM, jisa adbhuta prAtmabala, prabala sAhasa aura utkaTa utsAha ke sAtha saMyamakA nirvahana tathA dharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA, evaM kara rahI haiM, vaha, saMkhyA Adi katipaya dRSTiyoM se puruSa-sAdhakoM kI apekSA kucha bar3hakara hI kahA jA sakatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA meM 36,000 nAriyoM ne prabhu ke upadezoM se prabuddha ho sAdhvI-dharma kI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| unameM se aneka ke sAdhvIjIvana kA preraNApradAyI vizada vivaraNa prAgama granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| kAlI prAdi mahAsatiyoM ke prati kaThora tapazcaraNa kA jo varNana pAgama meM ullikhita hai, use par3hakara prabala manobala vAle pAThakoM ke bhI roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM aura una utkaTa sAdhikAroM ke prati pragAr3ha zraddhA se mastaka sahasA svataH hI jhuka jAte haiN| vastutaH sAdhviyoM kA jIvana bhI sAdhaka-sAdhikAroM ke liye bar3A preraNAdAyaka aura dizAnirdezaka hai| vIra nirvANa saM0 1 se 1000 taka kI prAcArya paramparA kA jisa prakAra vistRta paricaya prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra usa kAla kI sAdhvI-paramparA kA paricaya bhI prastuta kiyA jAnA apekSita hai kintu vIra nirvANa pazcAt kI sAdhvI-paramparA kA kramabaddha itihAsa denA to dUra eka bahuta bar3I kAlAvadhi meM huI sAdhviyoM ke nAma taka aAja samasta jaina sAhitya kA mAlor3ana karane para bhI upalabdha nahIM hote|

Page #904
774 . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA bhagavAn kI prathama ziSyA candanabAlA bhagavAn ke nirvANa se pUrva hI mukta huI athavA pazcAt - isa sambandha meM bhI zvetAmbara tathA digambara - donoM paramparAmoM ke kisI grantha meM koI ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| bhagavAn ke nirvANa ke pazcAt bhagavAn kI 36,000 sAdhviyoM meM se bahuta-sI sAdhviyAM nizcita rUpa se vidyamAna rahI hoMgI, para unameM se kisI eka kA bhI nAmollekha nirvANottara kAla ke jaina vAGamaya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| na kahIM isa prakAra kA koI eka bhI ullekha dRSTigocara hotA hai ki nirvANa ke tatkAla pazcAt athavA vIra ni0 saM0 1 se 1000 taka kI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM sAdhvI saMgha kI pravartiniyAM kauna-kauna rhiiN| ___vIra ni0 saM0 1 meM dIkSita hue prArya jambUsvAmI kI dIkSA ke prasaMga meM AcArya hemacandra ne pariziSTa parva meM ullekha kiyA hai ki jambUkumAra kI mAtA, patniyoM aura sAsumoM (sAsoM) ko prArya sudharmA ne zramaNI dharma kI dIkSA pradAna kara unheM sAdhvI suvratA kI AjJAnuvartinI bnaayaa| sAdhvI suvratA sAdhviyoM ke kisI saMghATaka kI mukhyA thI athavA sampUrNa zramaNI saMgha kI pravartinI, isa sambandha meM pariziSTa parva meM koI saMketa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa parva meM uparyukta vivaraNa ke pazcAt ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki 510 puruSoM aura 17 mahilAoM, kula milAkara 527 mumukSutroM ke sAtha jambUkumAra ko dIkSita karane ke pazcAt Arya sudharmA apane ziSyoM ko sAtha liye prabhu mahAvIra kI sevA meM phuNce| pariziSTaparvakAra dvArA kiyA gayA yaha ullekha prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM ke sabhI mAnya granthoM meM vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt jambUkumAra ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA bhI yahI rahI hai ki jambUkumAra ne vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 1 meM kisI samaya dIkSA grahaNa kii| pariziSTa-parvakAra dvArA kiye gaye isa vIra ni0 viSayaka ullekha ke saMzayAspada siddha hone kI sthiti meM pariziSTa parva meM kiye gaye usa ullekha para bhI pUrI taraha vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jisameM ki zramaNI samUha kI mukhyA sAdhvI kA nAma suvratA batAyA gayA hai / yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki sAdhu samAja kI taraha sAdhvI samAja ne bhI mAnavatA para aneka mahAn upakAra kiye haiN| sahaja karuNA-komala-hRdaya satI. varga ke uddAtta cAritra aura hitaprada madhura upadezoM se mAnava samAja sadA sAdhanA ke satpatha para agrasara hone kI preraNAeM letA rahA hai| prArya mahAgiri, Arya suhastI, Arya vajra evaM yAkinI mahattarAsUna prAcArya haribhadra prAdi mahAn prabhAvaMka prAcArya jisa prakAra jina-zAsana kI utkaTa sevA aura janakalyANa ke mahAn kArya karane meM saphala hue, vaha saba mUlataH sAdhvI-samAja kI hI dena rahI hai| ina saba vAstavikatAoM ko dRSTigata rakhate hue nirvANottara kAla kI. sAdhvI-paramparA kI jitanI adhika mahattarAmoM, pratiniyoM, sthavirAmoM ke jIvana kA paricaya diyA jAya, vaha kevala sAdhakoM hI nahIM apitu samasta mAnava-samAja ke liye utanA

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sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 775 hI adhika zreyaskara, preraka aura dizAvabodhaka ho sakatA hai| nirvANottara kAla kI sAdhvI paramparA kA sarvAMgINa paricaya prastuta karane hetu aneka granthoM kA avalokana kiyA gayA, aneka vidvAn itihAsavidoM, santoM evaM sAdhviyoM se pAvazyaka jAnakArI prApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA para ina saba prayatnoM kA koI utsAhaprada pariNAma nahIM niklaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka granthoM tathA digambara evaM zvetAmbara - donoM paramparAmoM ke zilAlekhoM ke ullekhoM se yaha to pUrI taraha siddha hotA hai ki tIrthasthApana ke kAla se lekara vartamAna kAla taka jaina. zramaraNIvarga kI punIta evaM pAvana paramparA avicchinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai| parantu samaya-samaya para jo pramukha sAdhviyAM huI, unakA jIvana-paricaya milanA to dUra adhikAMzataH nAmollekha taka dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| bar3e vistIrNa kAla ke vyavadhAna ke pazcAt do cAra pramukha sAdhviyoM ke nAma athavA nAmollekha ke abhAva meM unakA kevala sAdhviyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha mAtra milatA hai| nirvANa kAla se pUrva kI candana bAlA, mRgAvatI prAdi katipaya zramaNI mukhyAnoM kA paricaya prastuta granthamAlA ke prathama bhAga meM diyA jA cukA hai / ava, nirvANa pazcAt 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM huI zramaraNI-mukhyAnoM meM se jina-jina kA jisa rUpa meM paricaya upalabdha hotA hai, use yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jA rahA hai : 1. prAryA candanavAlA - AryA candanabAlA kA nAma jaina jagat meM indrabhUti gautama aura prArya sudharmA ke samAna hI amara rhegaa| prApa zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI. prathama ziSyA aura prabhu ke suvizAla zramaNI-samudAya kI pramukha evaM saMcAlikA thiiN| Apake kuzala saMcAlakatva kAla meM vIra prabhu kA zramaNI samUha khUba phalA-phUlA aura uttarottara bar3hatA hI gyaa| candanabAlA campAnagarI ke mahArAjA dadhivAhana aura mahArANI dhAriNI kI parama dulArI putrI thiiN| prabhU mahAvIra ne chadmastha kAla meM prati kaThora abhigrahapUrNa bar3I lambI tapasyA kA pAraNA candanabAlA ke hAthoM kiyA thA, prataHpravartamAna avasarpiNI kAla kI samasta sAdhviyoM meM prApako sarvAdhika puNyazAlinI kahA jAya to atizayokti nahIM hogii| campAnagarI meM hue bhayAnaka rAjya. viplava ke pariNAmasvarUpa bAlyAvasthA meM Apako jina ghora kaSToM ko sahanA par3A, unako sunane mAtra se acche-acche sAhasI bhI sihara uThate haiN| usa saMkaTa kAla meM bAlikA candanabAlA ne jisa sAhasa aura dhairya se dukhoM ko sahana kiyA, usI se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki prArambhika jIvana meM bhI unakA prAtmabala kitanA prabala thaa| AryA candanabAlA ke jIvana kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta granthamAlA ke prathama khaNDa meM diyA jA cukA hai|' bAla brahmacAriNI mahAsatI candanabAlA ne rAjakumAriyoM, zreSThikanyAoM, rAjarAniyoM, ibhyapatniyoM evaM sabhI vargoM kI bhumukSu . jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 476-484

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776 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA - mahilAmoM ko hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM zramaNI-dharma meM dIkSita kara kalyANa-mArga meM unakA netRtva kiyA / mApane svayaM prabhu dvArA pradatta zramaNIsaMgha-mukhyA (pravartinI) pada para rahate hue 36,000 sAdhviyoM ke prati vizAla sAdhvI-saMgha kA bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha saMcAlana kiyaa| bhApake tatvAvadhAna meM prApakA samasta zramaNI samUha samyak rUpeNa saMyamapratipAlana, svAdhyAya, jJAnArjana, tapazcaraNa 'mAdi meM nirata raha sva-para kalyANa meM uttarottara pragrasara hotA rhaa| pravartinI candanA bar3I anuzAsanapriya thiiN| mApake anuzAsana kI yaha vizeSatA thI ki zramaNI varga kI sabhI sAdhviyAM sadA sajaga raha kara svataH hI zramaNI-prAcAra kA samIcIna rUpa se pAlana karatI rahatI thiiN| pravartinI candanabAlA zramaNAcAra meM sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa zaithilya evaM choTI se choTI bhUla ko bhI bhaviSya ke liya bhayaMkara anartha kA mUla mAna kara anuzAsana aura sAdhvI samAja ke hita kI dRSTi se kisI bhI sAdhvI ko, cAhe vaha kitanI hI bar3I kyoM na ho, premapUrvaka sAvadhAna karane meM kiMcitmAtra bhI saMkoca nahIM karatI thiiN| Apane sAdhvI mRgAvatI jaisI uccakoTi kI sAdhikA ko bhI prabhu ke samavasaraNa meM asamaya taka baiThe rahane para upAlambha dene meM saMkoca nahIM kiyaa| apanI guruNI dvArA diye gaye upAlambha para mahAsatI mRgAvatI ne bhI apanI bhUla ke liye nizchala bhAva evaM vizuddha antaHkaraNa se pazcAttApa kiyA aura tatkSaNa kSapakazreNI para prArUr3ha ho kevalajJAna kI anuttara, akSaya evaM ananta parama jyoti prApta kara lii| eka lambe samaya taka jinazAsana kI sevA evaM sva-para kA kalyANa karate hue pravartinI candanabAlA ne 4 ghAtIkarmoM kA kSaya kara kevalajJAna aura tadanantara avaziSTa cAra aghAtI-karmoM kA kSaya kara anta meM prakhaNDa-avyAbAdha-ananta prAnandasvarUpa mokSa prApta kiyA / ' mahAsatI candanabAlA kA parama zlAghanIya evaM preraNApradAyI saMyamI-jIvana zvetAmbara .maura digambara donoM hI paramparAmoM meM bar3A sammAnAspada mAnA gayA hai / mApakI AjJAnuvartinI prabhu mahAvIra kI 36000 sAdhviyoM meM se 1400 sAdhviyoM ne (candanabAlA sahita) samasta karma samUha ko dhvasta kara mokSa prApta kiyA / 2. mahAsatI candanabAlA ke pravartinIkAla meM samasta zramaNI-saMgha avicchinna aura ekatA ke sUtra meM bandhA rhaa| inake samaya meM sAdhvI sudarzanA ke atirikta zramariNayoM kA koI anya saMghATaka zramaNI-saMgha se pRthak athavA svecchAcArI humA ho, aisA kahIM koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| sAdhvI sudarzanA bhI prabhu mahAvIra ke prathama ninhava jamAlI ke prati snehavaza kucha samaya ke lie viparIta zraddhAnugAminI bana gaI thI kintu alpakAla pazcAt hI DhaMka prajApati kI preraNA se pratibaddha ho eka hajAra sAdhviyoM ke sAtha prAyazcittAdi se prAtmazuddhi kara punaH Apake saMgha meM sammilita ho gii| 1-2 'strI tadbhava meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatI' - isa mAnyatAnusAra digambara paramparA ____ meM ina sabakA mokSa jAnA, nahIM mAnA gayA hai| -sampAdaka

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sAmbI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi samAzramaNa mAryA candanabAlA ke anupama udAtta jIvana se mumukSu sAdhaka sadA preraNA lete rheNge| mahAsatI candanabAlA ne bhagavAn mahAvAra se pUrva nirvANa prApta kiyA athavA pazcAt, isa sambandha meM koI ullekha abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM pAyA hai; prataH isa viSaya meM khoja kI prAvazyakatA hai / prAzA hai zoSapriya vidvAn isa dizA meM prayAsa kreNge| 2. mAryA suvratA evaM dhAriNI mAvi (vIra nirvANa saM0') prabhu mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara prArya sudharmA ke prAcAryakAla meM mahAsatI suvratA kA ullekha milatA hai para unakA koI vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| mAryA suvratA pravartinI candanabAlA kI mAjJAnuvartinI sthavirA thI athavA prArya sudharmA ke zramaNI-saMgha kI pravartinI, yadi ve pravartinI thIM to 'kisa samaya se kisa samaya taka pravartinI rahIM.- isa sambandha meM kahIM koI ullekha dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| vIra ni0 saM0 1 meM jaba rAjagahI meM prArya sudharmA ke upadeza se zreSThikumAra jambU bhavaprapaMca se virakta ho dIkSita hue usa samaya 17 uccakulIna mahilAoM ne bhI mAryA suvratA kI sevA meM zramaNodharma kI dosA svIkAra kii| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM: 1. prAryA dhAriNI (jambUkumAra kI mAtA) jammakI sAse:2. paprAvatI 6. kamalAvatI 3. kamala bhAla 7. suzreraNA 4. vijayazrI 8. vIramatI 5. jayazrI 6. ajayasenA . jammU kI dharmapatniyA~ :10. samudrazrI 13. senA 11. pAzrI 15. kanakazrI 12. pAsenA 16. kanakavatI 13. kanakasenA 17. jayazrI' parama vairAgI jambUkumAra ke vairAgyotpAdaka evaM yuktisaMgata hita-mita tathyapUrNa vacanoM se prabhAvita hokara una 17 mahilAyoM ne prAryA suvratA ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kara jIvanaparyanta utkaTa bhAva se vizuddha tapa-saMyama kI ArAdhanA kii| '' digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM jammUkumAra kI cAra patniyoM kA hI ullekha hai| -sampAdaka -

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [vANI-paramparA samudrazrI prAdi jambUkumAra kI aizvarya meM palI prabhupama sundarI mAThoM patniyoM ne bhogayogyA bharapUra yauvanabharI avasthA meM samasta kAma-bhogoM, sukhasuvidhAoM evaM apAra sampadA ko ThukarA kara eka bAra manasA varaNa kiye gaye apane pati jambUkumAra ke sAtha jisa prakAra apane pravicala prema kA anta taka nirvahana kiyA, vaha vastutaH prati mahAn, advitIya, anupama- anUThA, pratyadbhuta aura mumukSudhoM ke liye preraNA kA prakSaya srota rahA hai aura rahegA / vizva ke sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA aura koI udAharaNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA / 776 parama prabhAvikA yakSA zrAdi sAdhviyAM (bIra ni0 dUsarI-tIsarI zatI) prAyaM sudharmA aura jambU ke samaya kI katipaya pramukha sAdhviyoM kA yathopalabdha thor3A-sA paricaya Upara diyA gayA hai| bhArya jambU ke pazcAt prArya prabhava, Arya zayyaMbhava aura prArya yazobhadra ke prAcAryakAla kI sAdhviyoM kA paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / ina prAcAryoM ke samaya meM bhI sAdhvI-paramparA pravichinna rUpa se nirantara calatI rahI para usa samaya kI pramukha sAdhviyoM ke nAma abhI taka * upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hue haiN| * Arya yazobhadra ke ziSya prAcArya saMbhUtivijaya ke prAcAryakAla meM mahAmaMtrI zakaDAla kI 7 putriyoM ke dIkSita hone kA ullekha milatA hai| yakSA zrAdi sAtoM bahinoM kI smaraNazakti bar3I prakhara prora prabala thii| kaThina se kaThina evaM kitane hI lambe gadya prathavA padya ko kevala eka bAra suna kara hI yakSA use apane smRtipaTala para aMkita kara tatkSaraNa yathAvat sunA detI thii| isI prakAra dUsarI, tIsarI yAvat sAtavIM bahina kramazaH do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, cha mora 7 bAra suna kara kisI bhI gadya-padya ko yathAvat sunA detI thI / ina sAtoM bahinoM ne antima naMda kI rAjasabhA meM vararuci jaise paNDita ko apanI prabhuta smaraNazakti ke camatkAra se hataprabha kara kisa prakAra usake 'ahaM' ko vicUrNita kiyA, yaha bhArya sthUlabhadra ke prakaraNa meM batAyA jA cukA hai| vararuci dvArA niyojita SaDyantra ke pariNAma svarUpa mahAmantrI zakaDAla dvArA mRtyu kA varaNa kiye jAne aura mahArAja navama nanda dvArA diye jA rahe mahAmAtyapada ko ThukarA kara sthUlabhadra ke pravrajita ho jAne para sthUlabhadra kI yakSA Adi sAtoM viduSI bahinoM ne bhI apane bhrAtA zrIyaka se anumati le usa samaya kI zramaNI mukhyA ke pAsa paMca mahAvrata rUpa zrAmaNya kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| ina sAtoM viduSI sAdhviyoM ne ekAdazAMgI kA gahana adhyayana kara aneka varSoM taka jina-zAsana kI mahatI sevA kI / pradbhut smaraNazakti vAlI una sAtoM sAdhviyoM ne kitanA athAha jJAna arjita kiyA hogA, isakA prAja anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / zvetAmbara paramparA ke aneka granthoM meM isa prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai ki kramazaH bhArya mahAgiri aura bhArya suhastI ne bAlyakAla se hI usa samaya kI

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779 sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devati kSamAzramaNa mahAn viduSI prAryA yakSA ke sAnnidhya meM raha kara ekadazAMgI kA talasparzI zAna prApta kiyA thaa| prArya mahAgiri aura prArya suhastI jaise prAcAraniSTha pratibhAzAlI evaM mahAn prabhAvaka zramaNa-zreSThoM meM prArambha se hI uccakoTi ke saMskAra DhAlane vAlI mahAsatI yakSA kaisI viduSI, kitanI tejasvinI, mAcAraniSThA tathA saMskAranirmANa meM kitanI kuzala hogI, isakA sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM prAryA yakSA ke videha-gamana kA bhI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pArya sthUlabhadra aura tadanantara yakSA prAdi sAtoM bahinoM ke pravajita ho jAne ke kucha samaya pazcAt sthUlabhadra ke kaniSTha sahodara zrIyaka ne bhI zramaNadharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| zrIyaka muni atyanta sukomala prakRti ke the| ve bhUkha-pyAsa ko sahana karane meM itane adhika prakSama the ki eka upavAsa kI tapasyA karanA bhI unake liye bar3A duSkara kArya thaa| sAdhvI yakSA ne apane bhrAtA muni ko tapasyA karane ke liye protsAhita karate hue eka dina kahA-"mUnivara! tapasyA kI agni se hI karmasamUha ko dhvasta kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi upavAsa karanA kaThina pratIta hotA hai to Aja ekAzana hI kara liijiye| dhIre-dhIre isa prakAra tapasyA karane kA abhyAsa ho jaaygaa|" - apanI bar3I bahina kI preraNA se muni zrIyaka ne ekAzana vrata karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyaa| madhyAhna taka kA samaya bar3e prAnanda ke sAtha vyatIta ho gyaa| zrIyaka ko bhUkha pyAsa ne adhika nahIM staayaa| madhyAhnottara kAla meM sAdhvI yakSA ne zrIyaka muni ke pAsa jA kara jaba yaha sunA ki unheM usa samaya taka to bhUkha pyAsa vizeSa asahya nahIM ho rahI hai, to unhoMne zrIyaka muni ko upavAsa kara lene kA parAmarza diyaa| utsAhavazAt zrIyaka muni ne upavAsa kA saMkalpa kara liyaa| rAtri meM bhUkha evaM pyAsa ne ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA aura uposita zrIyaka muni kA saMbhavataH kar3I pyAsa ke kAraNa prANAnta ho gyaa| prAtaHkAla hote hI muni zrIyaka kI mRtyu ke samAcAra suna kara sAdhvI yakSA ne zrIyaka muni kI mRtyu meM apane pApako kAraNa mAna kara bar3e duHkha, pazcAttApa aura AtmaglAni kA anubhava kiyaa| saMgha ne bAra-bAra unheM samajhAyA ki ve nirdoSa haiM para sAdhvI yakSA ne kaI dinoM taka anna-jala grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| saMgha dvArA bAra-bAra vinatI kiye jAne para sAdhvI yakSA ne kahA "yadi koI pratizayajJAnI (kevalajJAnI) yaha kaha deM ki yakSA nirdoSa hai, tabhI maiM anna-jala grahaNa karUMgI, anyathA nhiiN|" antatogatvA zAsanAdhiSThAtrI devI kI saMgha ne pArAdhanA kI aura devI sahAyatA se prAryA yakSA mahAvideha kSetra meM zrImaMdarasvAmI ke samavazaraNa meM phuNcii| ghaTa-ghaTa ke antaryAmI tIrthaMkara zrImaMdarasvAmI ne zrImukha se prAryA yakSA ko nirdoSa batAyA aura 4 adhyayana pradAna kiye / videha kSetra meM zrImaMdara prabhu ke darzanoM se apanA jIvana saphala tathA unakI vANI se apane pApako nirdoSa mAna kara mAryA yakSA devI sahAyatA se punaH lauTa paaii| unhoMne ve cAroM pradhyAya saMgha

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* jaina dharma kA monika itihAsa-vitIya bhAna sAmbI-paramparA ke samakSa prastuta kiye, jo mAja bhI dhUmikAmoM ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| tadanantara sAdhvI yakSA punaH pUrvavat apanI bahinoM ke sAtha sva-para-kalyANa evaM jinazAsana kI. sevA ke kAryoM meM nirata ho gii| . isa prakAra mArya saMbhUti vijaya ke prAcArya-kAla meM dIkSita hokara mAryA yakSA, yakSadinnA, bhUtA, bhUtadinA, seNA, veNA mora reNA ne sAdhvIsaMgha meM apanA viziSTa sthAna prApta kiyaa| yakSA prAdi sAtoM sAdhviyoM kA saMyama-kAla pArya saMbhUti vijaya, prArya bhadrabAhu mora mArya sthUlabhadra ke prAcAryatvakAla meM kitanA kitanA rahA tathA ye pravartinI mAdi pada para rahIM. athavA nahIM, isa sambandha meM pramANAbhAva ke kAraNa kucha bhI kahanA vastutaH kalpanA kI uDAna ke atirikta aura kucha na hogA / yakSA prAdi ina bAlabrahmacAriNI, mahAmedhAvinI evaM viziSTa zrutasampannA mahAsatiyoM se yugayugAntara taka sAdhvImaMDala hI nahIM, samasta jaina saMgha gauravAnubhava aura preraNA prApta karatA rhegaa| mAryA poiraNI (anumAnataH vI* ni0 saM0 300 se 330 ke pAsa pAsa)' vAcanAcArya mArya balissaha ke samaya meM sAdhvImukhyA viduSI mahAsatI poiNI mora 300 anya nirganthinI sAdhviyoM kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha himavanta sthavirAvalI meM upalabdha hotA hai| kaliMga cakravartI mahAmeghavAhana khAravela dvArA vIra nirvANa kI caturtha zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM kumArigiri para prAyojita bhAgamapariSada meM vAcanAcArya prArya balissaha evaM gaNAcArya mArya susthita supratibaddha kI paramparAmoM ke 500 zramaNoM ke vizAla muni-samUha ke sAtha prAryA poiNI mAvi 300 nirganya zramaNiyoM ke upasthita hone kA spaSTa ullekha dRSTigata hotA hai|' . isa prakAra ke prAcIna ullekhoM se yaha bhalIbhAMti siddha hotA hai ki zrutarakSA evaM saMghahita hetu prAyojita vAcanAmoM, vicAraNAmoM athavA pariSadoM meM sAdhusaMgha ke samAna sAdhvIsaMgha aura yahAM taka ki zrAvaka-zrAvikAmoM ke saMghoM kA bhI sarvathA pUrNa sahayoga prApta kiyA jAtA thaa| ' "eso evaM jiNasAsaNapabhAvago bhikkhurAya riNavo........."vIrAmoNaM tIsAhiya tisaya bAsesu vikkatesu samga ptto|"-himvnt spavirAvalI ke isa ullekha ke unusAra khAravela kA aMtima samaya vIra ni0 saM0 330 siDa hotA hai / mahAsatI poiraNI bhI khAravela dvArA pAyojita mAgama-pariSad meM sammilita thIM mataH unakA bhI yahI samaya manumAnita kiyA . jAtA hai| -sampAdaka 2 ....... teNaM bhikkhurAyaNiveNaM jiNapavayaNa saMgahaThaM jiNadhamma vittharahra ya saMpaha riNamya samaNANaM riNaggaMThANaM NiggaMThINaM ya egA parisA tasya kumAripambaya-tityammi meliyA |......."mjjaa poiNIyAINaM prajjANaM NiggaMThINaM tinni sayA sameyA / [himavanta sthavirAvalI, aprakAzita] - -

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sAmcI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvaghara-kAna : devari samAzramaNa prAgamaM ke pAThoM ko sthira prathavA sunizcita karane meM jisa sAmbI kI sahAyatA lI gaI ho, vaha sAdhvI kitanI bar3I zAna-sthavirA, mAgama-marmazA, pratimAzAlinI aura prakANDa viduSI hogI, isakA anumAna sahaja hI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| jJAna aura kriyA kI sAkSAt pratimUrti bhAryA poiNI jaisI viduSI kA kula, vaya, zikSA, dIkSA evaM sAdhanA saMbandhI paricaya paMcapi mAja upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bhAryA yakSA ke pazcAt kisI nikaTavartI samaya meM hI prAryA poiNI ne sAdhvI saMgha meM pramukha sthAna prApta kiyA aura vaha eka bahuzrutA, saMgha saMcAlana meM kuzala evaM prAcAraniSThA sAdhvI thiiN| . prArya mahAgiri ke prAcAryakAla taka zramaNa saMgha meM eka prAcArya ko paramparA rahI, isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yaha to sunizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAryA yakSA ke samaya taka sAdhvI saMgha eka ho pravartinI athavA sAdhvIsaMghamukhyA ke netRtva meM calatA rahA / viduSI sAdhvI poiNI ke samaya meM sAdhu-saMgha kI taraha sAdhvI-saMgha meM bhI pRthak netRtva kA pracalana ho gayA thA athavA nahIM, isa sambandha meM kisI prakAra kA ullekha upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / parantu anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki prArya mahAgiri ke pazcAt zramaNa-saMgha meM hue pRthak netRtva ke prAdurbhAva kA sAdhvI-saMgha para bhI sahaja hI prabhAva par3A hogaa| itanA saba kucha hote hue bhI yaha to sunizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAdhAraNa matabheda hone ke uparAnta bhI usa samaya taka mana-bheda nahIM huA thaa| isa anumAna kI himavanta sthavirAlI ke nimnalikhita ullekha se bho puSTi hotI hai, jisameM kumArigiri para prAyojita mAgama pariSada meM donoM paramparAgoM ke munimaNDaloM ke ekatrita hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai : ".............."teNaM bhikkhurAya riNaveNaM.........."samaNANaM NiggaMThANaM riNaggaMThINaM ya egA parisA tatya kumAri pavvayatityammi meliyA / tatya gaM rANaM ajjamahAgirINamaNupattANaM balissaha bohiliMga devAyari dhammaseNa nakkhatAyariyAi jiNakappi tulattaM kuNamAraNANaM duNisayA riNaggaMThAraNaM smaagyaa| prajja suTThiya suvaDivaDDha umasAi sAmajjAiNaM therakappiyANaM vi tignisayA niggaMThANaM smaagyaa|............" arthAt - mahArAja bhikkhurAya dvArA prAyojita nigrantha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI pariSad meM prAcAra kI dRSTi se jinakalpiyoM ke samAna vyavahAra karane vAle mArya balissaha prAdi 200 sAdhu aura sthavirakalpI Arya susthita supratibaddha Adi 300 sAdhu ekatrita hue| bAhya veSa ke sAdhAraNa bheda ke uparAnta bhI unake antarmana eka the, bheda rahita the aura una saba ne eka sAtha baiThakara pArasparika sahayoga se vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna se Agama-pariSada ko saphala bnaayaa| . sAdhu-samUha ke samAna sAdhvI-samUha ke samakSa jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kA prazna na hone kI dRSTi se yadyapi sAdhvI-saMgha meM pRthak netRtva kI bhAvanA ke 'himavanta sthavirAvalI (aprakAzita)

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782 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa - dvitIya bhAga [ sAdhvI-paramparA utpanna hone kA koI kAraNa nahIM thA tathApi sAdhvI- samudAya paramparA se zramaNasaMgha kA abhinna aMga rahA hai| pRthak samudAyoM ke rUpa meM ina donoM kA astitva rahane ke uparAnta bhI nIti nirdeza, jJAnArjana, mArgadarzana prAdi kI dRSTi se sAdhvI samUha sadA se zramaNa saMgha ke tatvAvadhAna meM kArya karatA rahA hai ataH yaha sunizcita sA pratIta hotA hai ki zramaraNasaMgha kA netRtva jyoM hI aneka prAcAyoM meM vibhakta huA tyoM hI zramaNI - samUha kA netRtva bhI una pRthak hue prAcAryoM kI pramukha ziSyAnoM ke tatvAvadhAna meM vibhakta ho gayA hogA / cAhe prAryA poiNI taTastha bhAva se apane sAdhvI-samAja kA netRtva karatI rahI hoM, cAhe vaha prArya balissaha prathavA susthita kI paramparA kI sAdhviyoM ke samudAya kI saMcAlikA rahI hoM para kumArI parvata para huI grAgama-pariSad meM sAdhvI pohaNI ke upasthita hone aura ekAdazAMgI ke pAThoM ke nirdhAraNa meM unake dvArA sahayoga diye jAne sambandhI himavanta sthavirAvalI ke ullekha se yahI siddha hotA hai ki sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa samasta catuvidha saMgha sAdhvI poiNI kI jJAna-garimA kA bar3A samAdara karatA thA aura saMgha meM unakA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna thA / poiNI kA saMskRta rUpAntara hai 'potinI' - prarthAt bahuta bar3I jahAja / isa nAma se bhI yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki ve prapane samaya kI bar3I hI prabhAvikA mahAsatI huI haiM, jinheM bhavyajana bhava-sAgara se pAra lagAne vAlI dharmajahAja mAnate the / kaliMga jaise dUrastha pradeza ke kumArI parvata ke samAna durUha evaM vikaTa sthAna para 300 zramarigayoM ke ekatrita hone sambandhI himavanta sthavirAvalI ke ullekha se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vIra nirvAraNa kI cauthI zatI meM zramaNI - samudAya kA svarUpa suvizAla thA aura bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM zramaraNoM kI taraha zramaNiyAM bhI pratihata vihAra karatI huIM jana-jana ke mana meM prAdhyAtmika cetanA utpanna kara rahI thIM / sAdhvI sarasvatI ( vIra nirvANa kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI) vIra kI pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha (Arya guNAkara ke samaya) meM dvitIya kAlakAcArya ke sAtha unakI bhaginI sarasvatI dvArA paMca mahAvrata svarUpa nirgrantha zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai / dvitIya kAlakAcArya ke prakaraNa meM sAdhvI sarasvatI kA pUrA paricaya diyA jA cukA hai / ' sAdhvI sarasvatI ne apane Upara Aye hue saMkaTa meM bar3e sAhasa se kAma liyA / gardabhilla ke rAjamahala meM bandinI kI taraha banda kiye jAne, 1 prastuta grantha, pR0 510- 513

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sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi samAzramaNa 783 gardabhilla dvArA aneka prakAra kI yAtanAeM, bhaya evaM pralobhana diye jAne ke uparAnta bhI ve satpatha se vicalita nahIM huii| gardabhilla ke pAza se mukta hone ke pazcAt prAryA sarasvatI ne prAtmazuddhi pUrvaka jIvana paryanta kaThora tapa evaM saMyama kI sAdhanA ko aura anta meM samAdhipUrvaka deha tyAga kara sadgati prApta kii| sAdhvI sunandA (vIra kI chaThI zatAbdI kA prArambha) vIra kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya evaM tRtIya caraNa meM huI sAdhvI sarasvatI ke pazcAt vIra ni0 saM0 504 ke AsapAsa mArya vaja kI mAtA sunandA dvArA prArya siMha giri kI prAjJAnuvartinI sthavirA sAdhvI ke pAsa zramaNI-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / dhanagiri jaise bhavavirakta mahAn tyAgI kI patnI aura mArya vaja jaise mahAna yugapradhAnAcArya kI mAtA sunandA kA gaurava-garimApUrNa ullekha jaina itihAsa meM sadA svarNAkSaroM meM kiyA jAtA rhegaa| yauvana bharI prathama vaya meM sunandA ne guviNI hote hue bhI dIkSita hone ke liye utkaNThita apane pati ko pravajita hone kI anumati dekara jo prAdarza bhAratIya nArI kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA, vaha anyatra kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hogaa| _ . upalabdha prAcIna sAhitya meM yadyapi vigata kI bIca-bIca kI aneka kAlAvadhiyoM meM sadhviyoM ke nAmollekha nahIM milate tathApi katipaya aise prabala pramANa sAhitya meM milate haiM, jinake AdhAra para sunizcita rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vIra nirvANa ke pazcAt sAdhvI-paramparA kabhI vicchinna nahIM huI apitu vaha prakSuNNa rUpa se calatI rahI hai| - una aneka prabala pramANoM meM se eka pramANa hai prArya vajra kA zaMzavakAla / prAyaM vajra kA vIra ni0 saM0466 meM janma humaa| janma ke thor3I dera pazcAt hI apanI mAtA kI sahelo ke mukha se apane pitA dhanagiri ke dIzita hone kI bAta sunakara zizu vajra ko jAtismara jJAna ho gyaa| unake prati mAtA kI mamatA na bar3he aura usake pariNAma svarUpa unheM samaya para dIkSita hone kA saubhAgya prApta ho jAya - yaha vicAra kara bAlaka vaja ne rudana ThAnA / vajra kA rudana tabhI banda hA jaba ki usakI mAtA sunandA ne use sadA-sarvadA ke liye zramaNa-saMgha ko arpita karate hue pArya dhanagirI kI jholI meM rkhaa| apane ziSya dhanagiri ko tumbavana meM madhukarI ke samaya prApta hue zizu vaca ko Arya siMhagirI ne samucita samaya taka pAlanArtha zayyAtarI zrAvikA ko samhalA diyaa| jAtismara-jJAna-sampanna bAlaka vaja ne zayyAtarI ke sAtha dina ke samaya nirantara jJAnasthavirA zramaNiyoM ke mukha se suna-sunakara bAlyakAla meM hI sampUrNa ekAdazAMgI ko kaNThastha kara liyaa| isa prakAra Arya vajra dvArA zramaNiyoM ke mukhAravinda se suna-sunakara ekAdazAMgI ke kaNThastha kiye jAne kA ullekha isa bAta kA prabala pramANa hai ki bIca

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784 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA bIca ke aneka antarAloM meM sAdhvI-paramparA kI sAdhviyoM ke nAma surakSita na raha pAne ke kAraNa upalabdha sAhitya meM dRSTigocara nahIM hote tathApi na kevala sAdhvIparamparA hI apitu sampUrNa ekAdazAMgI kI pAraMgata sAdhvI-paramparA sadA prakSuNNa rUpa meM vidyamAna rahI hai| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to ekAdazAMgI ke jJAna meM niSNAta sAniyoM se bAlaka vajra dvArA aikAdazAMgI ke kaNThAna kiye jAne kA ullekha prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM kiyA jaataa| vastutaH prAryA sunandA aura ve anapalabdhanAmA jJAnasthavirA AryAeM, jinase bAlaka vaja ne ekAdazAMgI kaNThastha kI aura jinake pAsa vajra kI mahAmahimAmayI mAtA sunandA ne. zramaNa-dharma aMgIkAra kiyA, usa akSuNNA sAdhvI-paramparA kI zrRMkhalA kI avicchinna kaDiyAM haiM, jo tIrthasthApana kI velA se Aja taka manavarata rUpa se sva-para-kalyANa karatI calI pA rahI hai / . prAryA sunandA kA vistRta paricaya prArya siMhagiri ke prakaraNa meM diyA jA cukA hai| bAlabrahmacAriNI sAdhvI vimaraNI (vIra nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI kA pUrvArda) sAdhanA patha para agrasara hone vAle narazArdUloM ke samAna nAhariyoM talya parAkramazAlinI nAriyoM dvArA kiye gaye tyAga ke bhI eka se eka bar3ha kara bar3e hI adbhuta evaM anupama udAharaNa jaina vAGamaya meM upalabdha hote haiN| isa prakAra ke pratyuJcakoTi ke tyAga karane vAlI mahAmahimAmayI mahilAoM meM sAdhikA rukmiraNI kA bhI bahuta UMcA sthAna hai / vastutaH sAdhvI rukmiraNI kA tyAga apane Apa meM saba se nirAlA-sabase anUThA hai / eka kSaraNa pahale moha ke mAdaka naze ke vazIbhUta hae mana ne jise apane vilAsitApUrNa bhogamArga ke ArAdhya deva ke rUpa meM varaNa kara liyA ho, dUsare hI kSaNa, moha kA nazA utAra diye jAne para bhoga-mArga ke liye cUne gaye usI prArAdhya deva ko yoga-mArga kA prArAdhya deva banA kara samasta bhogoM ko ThakarA jIvana bhara ke liye kaNTakAkIrNa yoga-patha kA pathika bana jAnAyaha koTipati zreSThi kI ikalautI putrI rukmiNI ke jIvana kI apratima evaM bar3I hI adbhut vizeSatA hai / vaha abhUtapUrva ghaTanA isa prakAra hai :. gaNAcArya Arya siMhagiri ke svargastha hone ke pazcAt mArya vajra vihAra krama se pATalIputra phuNce| apane samaya ke mahAn yugapuruSa ke, apane nagara ke bahirbhAga meM pravasthita upavana meM, zubhAgamana kA samAcAra sunate hI pATalIputra kA apAra janasamUha udvelita sAgara ke samAna Arya vajra ke darzana evaM upadeza zravaraNa kI utkaNThA liye usa upavana kI aora umar3a pdd'aa| pATaliputra ke dhana nAmaka koTyadhIza zreSThI kI ikalautI putrI kumArI rukmiNI bhI apanI sakhI-saholayoM ke sAtha usa upavana meM phuNcii| . dekhiye prastuta grantha, pR0 566-572

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sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa 75 prakhaNDa brahmacarya ke pratyadbhuta teja meM dedIpyamAna mArya vaja ke saumya, sAnta evaM nayanAbhirAma mukhamaNDala ko ninimeza nayanoM se nihAratA humA janasamudra pApyAyita ho utthaa| gaNAcArya prArya vaja ke dhanarava-gambhIra nirghoSa se pravAhita sudhA-surasarI tulya zrutasaritA meM nimajjana-unmajjana karate hue upasthita mAvAlavRddha ne eka alaukika tathA pranirvacanIya prAnanda kI anubhUti kii| . kumArI rukmiNI kI mohavimugdha dRSTi ne prAya vaz2a ko eka aura hI rUpa meM dekhaa| moha ke prAbalya se vaha sammohita ho gii| usane kSaNa bhara meM hI apane ehika sukha ke eka navIna raMgIna-saMsAra kI kalpanA kara lii| yoga-mArga ke mahAn pathika pArya vaja rukmiNI ko apane bhoga-mArga ke mArAdhya deva pratIta hue| usane mana hI mana mArya vaja kA apane pati ke rUpa meM varaNa karate hue dRr3ha pratijJA kara DAlI ki vaha mArya vaja ko chor3a anya kisI ke sAtha praNaya-sUtra meM nahIM baMdhegI / moha ne usake mana, mastiSka paura roma-roma para adhikAra kara liyA thA mataH vaha yaha soca hI nahIM sakI ki apanI isa pratijJA dvArA vaha amRta ke devatA ko garala-pAna kA nimantraNa denA, mananta prAkAza ko muTThI meM banda karanA aura samudra kI prathAha jalarAzi ko apanI maMjali meM samA denA cAhatI hai| moha kA mAvaraNa par3ane para mana, mastiSka aura dRSTi kI gati bar3I vicitra ho jAtI hai| rukmiNI usa samaya bhalA isa prakAra kaise socatI, jaba ki usake tana mana para moha chAyA humA thaa| - mArya vaja ke darzana evaM upadeza-zravaNa ke pazcAt bhAvavibhora janasamUha muni-paraNoM meM mastaka kA zanaiH-zanaiH pATalIputra kI mora usI prakAra lauTa gayA, mAno jvArabhATe kI samApti ke anantara pUNimA ke candra kI kiraNoM se prApyApita-sRpta sAgara punaH apanI sImA meM simaTa gayA ho| 'kumArI rukmiNI bhI gahana vicAroM meM DUbatI-utarAtI, kalpanA ke aneka manohArI raMgIna citra citrita karatI huI, bhArI mana liye apane ghara lauTI / usake hRdaya meM prabala vega se udbhUta haI mArya vajra kI caraNacabarI banane kI tIvra utkaNThA ne eka eka kSaNa kA vilamba bhI usake liye eka eka yuga ke samAna bhArI banA DAlA thaa| antara kI jvAlAoM ke zamana kA aura koI upAya na pA, lAcAra ho usane lokalAja ko eka prora rakha svayaM apane pitA ke pAsa jAkara apanA yaha dRr3ha saMkalpa rakhA- "maiM prArya vajra ko prAraNapaNa se apanA prArAdhyadeva puna cukI hai| yadi unake sAtha merA praNayasUtra meM gaThabandhana saMbhava nahIM huA to meM agni meM praveza kara prAtmadAha kara luuNgii|' __ zreSThi dhana prapanI ikalautI putrI kI kaThora pratijJA sunate hI kSaNa bhara ke liye pravAka raha gyaa| "vaNika sabhI vastueM apanI tarAjU aura bAToM se tolatA 'bamAce janakaM svIyaM, satyaM madbhASitaM zRNu / bhImaraNAya mAM pancha, zaraNaM me'nyaNanalaH / / 138 / / [prabhAvaka caritra, pR0 6]

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756 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAmbI paramparA hai" - isa lokokti ke anurUpa usane mana meM sahasA apanI apAra sampadA ke sAtha prArya baMja se saudA karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| vaha sau karor3a (eka paraba) mudrAeM aura vastrAbhUSaNAdi se alaMkRtA apanI putrI ko sAtha le vaja svAmI ke pAsa phuNcaa|' dhana zreSThi ne abhivAdanapUrvaka vajra svAmI se nivedana kiyA- "nAya! merI yaha putrI apane prANanAtha ke rUpa meM prApakA varaNa kara cukI hai| prataHprApa kRpA kara merI isa anupama rUpa-lAvaNya-yauvana saMpannA putrI ko grahaNa kIjiye / isake sAtha ye eka araba mudrAeM bhI grahaNa kIjiye / jIvana paryanta prApa svecchA . pUrvaka sabhI prakAra ke sAMsArika sukhopabhogoM kA prAnanda leM, to bhI yaha dhanarAzi samApta nahIM hogii|" yaha kaha kara zreSThi dhana maharSi vana ke caraNa kamaloM para apanA mastaka rakha prabhISTa uttara kI prAzA liye unake mukhakamala kI mora utkaNThA pUrvaka dekhane lgaa| ___ prArya vaz2a ne sahaja zAnta svara meM kahA - "zreSThin ! tuma atyadhika sarala aura bar3e bhole ho, jo svayaM saMsAra ke baMdhanoM meM baMdhe rahane ke kAraNa, bhava-prapaMca se bahuta dUra jo loga haiM, unheM bhI bAMdhanA cAhate ho| jisa prakAra koI muSAmugdha vyakti dhUli ke Dhera ke badale meM ratnoM kI rAzi, tRNa ke badale meM kalpavRkSa, koe ke badale meM haMsa, bhIla kI jhoMpar3I ke badale meM devavimAna aura kSArayukta jala ke badale meM amRta ke kraya karane kA mUrkhatApUrNa vyartha prayAsa karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra tuma bhI apane isa tuccha kudhana dvArA mujhe garalopama viSayabhogoM kA rasAsvAdana karAne ke badale meM paramAtmapada-pradAyI merA tapa-saMyama mujha se chInanA cAhate ho / kSaNika viSaya-sukha ghora dukhAnubandhI aura anantakAla taka vikaTa bhavATavI meM bhaTakAne vAle haiM / zAzvata zivasukha kI tulanA meM saMsAra kA samasta dhana bAlukaraNa tulya hai / yadi tumhArI yaha putrI antarmana se vastutaH anurakta ho mere zarIra kI chAyA ke samAna merA anusaraNa karanA cAhatI hai to samyakjJAna, samyakdarzana aura samyakcAritra rUpa mere dvArA grahaNa kiye hae mahAvratoM ko aMgIkAra kara zAzvata sukhapradAyI zreyaskara sAdhanApatha para agrasara ho prAtmakalyANa meM nirata ho jaay|" jisa prakAra gale se nIce utarate hI amRtakaNa ghAtaka se ghAtaka viSa ke prabhAva ko naSTa kara detA hai, ThIka usI prakAra zAzvata sukha aura sukhAbhAsa kA vAstavika bodha karAne vAle Arya vajra ke hitakara vacanoM ko sunate hI kumArI rukmiNI ke mana, mastiSka aura netroM para chAyA huA moha kA nazA tatkSaNa utara gyaa| usane anubhava kiyA ki usake antara meM prakAza kI eka kiraNa prakaTa huI hai, jo zanaiH zanaiH teja hotI haI usake hRdaya meM vyApta nibir3atama andhakAra ko ujAle ke rUpa meM parivartita kara rahI hai| use lagA, jaise usakI prAMkhoM para par3A AvaraNa dUra ho gayA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa use samasta dRzyamAna jagat badalA huA sA, parivartita svarUpa meM dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| use samasta ehika sukha-viSaya-kaSAya Adi viSa tulya heya pratIta hone lge| kucha hI kSaNoM pahale . prabhAvaka caritra, zloka saMkhyA 136

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sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devadi kSamAzramaNa 70 usakA jo mana prArya vaja ko prApta kara sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM ke liye mAkulavyAkula ho rahA thA, aba vahI mana mArya vajra ko apanA yoga-mArga kA pArAdhyadeva banAkara kaNTakAkIrNa sAdhanApatha para tatkAla agrasara hone ke liye vyagra ho utthaa| . rukmiNI ne prArya vaca ke samakSa zira jhakA aMjalibaddha ho prArthanA kI"mere mArAdhya gurudeva ! Apane mere antara ke netra unmIlita kara diye haiN| mujhe mApane dharmamArga para pravRtta kara nayA janma diyA prataH bhApa mere dharma-pitA hai| apanI dharma-putrI ke gurutara saba aparAdhoM ko kSamA kara apane saMgha kI zaraNa meM lIjiye / maiM pravajita honA cAhatI huuN|" ___ isa prakAra ke prazruta-pUrva adbhuta hRdaya-parivartana aura prapUrva 'tyAga ke samAcAra vidyutvega se tatkSaNa samasta pATalIputra meM phaila gye| jisane sunA, usI kA zira rukmiNI ke prati zraddhA se sahasA muka gyaa| rukmiNI ne mArya vaja kI prAjJAnuvartinI sAdhvImukhyA ke pAsa zramaNI-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara jIvanaparyaMta vizuddha saMyama kA pAlana kara bhavATavI meM bhaTakAne vAle karmabhAra ko halkA kiyaa| prAryA rukmiNI kA anupama tyAgapUrNa jIvana sAdhaka-sAdhikAnoM ke liye bar3A preraNAdAyaka rahA hai aura bhAvI sahasrAbdiyoM taka preraNA kA srota banA rhegaa| . mahAsatIpArilo. (vIra ni0saM0 24-60 ke lagabhaga). .. sAdhvI dhAriNI kA jIvana caritra jaina itihAsa meM vastutaH prAdarza nArI kA pratIka mAnA jAkara sadA svarNima akSaroM meM likhA jAtA rhegaa| zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita hone se pUrva apane satItva ko rakSA hetu atula aizvarya aura apanI saMtati taka kA moha tyAga kara tathA zramaNI dharma meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt do rAjyoM ke yuddha meM saMbhAvita bhISaNa narasaMhAra ko roka kara mahAsatI pariNI ne saMsAra ke samakSa jo do uccakoTi ke prAdarza prastuta kiye, unase prArya sannAriyoM apane pApako gauravAnvita anubhava karatI huI sadA preraNAeM letI rheNgii| dhAriNI pravantI-rAjya ke adhIzvara mahArAjA pAlaka ke choTe putra rASTravardhana kI patnI (caNDapradyota kI pautravadhu) thii| avantIza pAlaka ne vIra ni0 saM0 20 meM apane bar3e putra avantIvarddhana ko pravantI kA rAjya aura choTe putra rASTravardhana ko yuvarAja pada de kara Arya sudharmA ke pAsa zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| avantIvardhana apane choTe bhAI yuvarAja rASTravarddhana ke parAmarza se rAja-kAja kA saMcAlana karane lgaa| yuvarAjJI dhAriNI ne eka putra ko janma diyaa| zizu kA nAma pravantIsena rakhA gyaa| dhAriNI apane pati ke sAtha avantI rAjya ke aizvarya evaM vividha ehika sukhoM kA upabhoga karatI huI apanA samaya vyatIta kara rahI thii| ' mahAsatI dhAriNI kA paricaya prastuta anya ke pRSTha 778 para mAryA yakSA se pUrva diyA jAnA cAhie thA para asAvadhAnI se yaha bhUla raha gii| - sampAdaka 2 prAvazyaka cUriNa, bhAga 2, pR. 186

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788 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA eka dina pravantIvardana ne rAjaprAsAda ke udyAna meM krIr3A karatI huI dhAriNI ko dekhaa| vaha usa para mAsakta ho gyaa| apanI vizvastA dAsI ke mAdhyama se usane apane bhAI kI patnI ke pAsa apanA nindya prastAva phuNcaayaa| dhAriNI ne bhartsanA bhare zabdoM meM apane jyeSTha ke kAmukatApUrNa kutsita prastAva ko ThukarAte hue dAsI ke mAdhyama se use kahalavAyA ki unake anuja ke atirikta saMsAra ke samasta puruSavarga ko vaha pitA, bhAI evaM putra tulya samajhatI hai / avantIvardhana para dhAriNI kI phaTakAra kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| vaha dhAriNI ko pAne ke liye, jala se sthala para paTakI huI machalI ke samAna chaTapaTAne lgaa| pAriNI ko pAne kA aura koI upAya na dekha usa kAmAndha avantIvarddhana ne apane sahodara rASTravardhana kI bar3e rahasyapUrNa DhaMga se hatyA karavA dii| gurviNI (gabhiNI) dhAriNI ko kAla kI usa karAla karavaTa ne kucha samaya ke liye kiMkartavyavimUDha banA diyaa| use apane cAroM ora ghora andhakAra hI andhakAra pratIta hone lgaa| apane satItva para prAne vAle saMkaTa kI kalpanA mAtra se vaha sihara utthii| usakA putra pravantIsena usa samaya eka prabodha bAlaka thaa| use kahIM koI sahArA dRSTigocara nahIM ho rahA thaa| use samasta sAMsArika kAryakalApa viDambanApUrNa pratIta hone lge| usa prati vikaTa saMkaTApanna sthiti meM bho, jabaki usake cAroM ora ghora nirAzA ke bAdala maMDarA rahe the, dhAriNI ne dharya nahIM tyaagaa| usane apane satItva kI rakSA kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| apane aura apane pati ke katipaya bahumUlya prAbhUSaNoM ko eka gaTharI meM lapeTa kara rAjaprAsAda kA sadA ke liye parityAga karane hetu vaha udyata huii| pragAr3ha nidrA meM soye hue apane putra pravantIsena kI mora mamatA bharI dRSTi kA nikSepa kara usane eka bAra Upara ananta prAkAza kI pora eka kSaraNa ke liye dekhA aura vaha prachanna veSa meM rAjaprAsAda se bAhara nikalI / jisa mora Daga par3e usI ora bar3hatI huI dhAriNo nagara ke bAhara phuNcii| use svayaM ko bhI patA nahIM thA ki antatogatvA use kahAM pahuMcanA hai, vaha vigavimUr3ha kI taraha nirantara Age kI ora bar3hatI rhii| usane mur3a kara dekhApravantI, pravantI ke gaganacumbI rAjaprAsAda, bhavya bhavana, aTTAlikAeM-saba kSitija ke usa chora meM chupa gaye haiN| usane saMtoSa kI eka dIrgha sAMsa lI aura vaha punaH apane lakSya-vihIna patha para agrasara huii| vikaTa vanya pradezoM ko pAra karatI huI dhAriNI rAta bhara calatI raho / sUryodaya ho cukA thA, vaha thaka kara cUra ho cukI thI tathApi vaha adamya sAhasa kI putalI sI banI, binA eka kSaNa bhI vizrAma kiye prAge kI pora bar3hatI rahI / eka TekarI kI car3hAI ko pUrA karane ke pazcAt DhalAna kI ora bar3hate hue usane dekhA ki eka sArtha rAtri ke vizrAma ke anantara apanA par3Ava uThA kara Age bar3hane ko udyata ho rahA hai / dhAriNI ke antarmana meM pAzA aura saMtoSa kI eka lahara uThI / vaha tIvra gati se sArtha kI ora bar3hI aura

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786 sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzamaNa usake sAtha dhAriNI ne Age kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| sArtha meM sammilita mahilAyoM ke sAtha vaha ghulamila gaI / katipaya dinoM kI yAtrA ke pazcAt sArtha ke sAtha-sAtha dhAriNI kauzAmbI nagara phuNcii| kauzAmbI ke mahArAjA kI yAnazAlA meM ThaharI huI sthavirA zramaNiyoM ke darzana aura upadeza-zravaNa se dhAriNI ko adbhut zAnti kI anubhUti huii| sAMsArika prapaMcoM se dUra, kevala AdhyAtmika ciMtana meM lIna una jaina sAdhviyoM kA zAnta-dAnta jIvana dhAriNI ko bar3A sukhakara lgaa| rASTravarddhana kI hatyA, kAmAndha avantIvarddhana dvArA saMbhAvita saMkaTa aura putraviyoga ke kAraNa dhAriNI kA hRdaya bhoSaNa bhaTro kI taraha jala rahA thA / usako jvAlAeM usake tana, mana, roma-roma ko bhasmasAt kiye jA rahI thiiN| sAdhviyoM ke sAnidhya meM dhAriNI ko anubhava hone lagA ki usake antara ko prAga zanaiH-zanaiH zItala hotI calI jA rahI hai, usake tana-mana kI jalana miTatI jA rahI hai| usake aMtara meM prAzA kI nayI kiraNa udita huii| usake mana meM vizvAsa jamane lagA ki ina zramariNayoM kI sevA meM raha kara vaha sadA sarvadA ke liye bhavatApa ko bhI samApta karane meM siddhakAma ho sakatI hai| usane zramaNI-dharma meM pravajita hone kA dRr3ha nizcaya kiyaa| usane socA - "yadi saMghATaka-mukhyA sAdhvI ko usake garbhiNI hone kI bAta vidita ho gaI to nizcita rUpa se ve use zramaraNI-dharma kI dIkSA pradAna nahIM kreNgii|" aba usakA vairAgya apanI carama sImA pAra kara cukA thA, aba use dIkSita hone meM eka-eka bharaNa kA vilamba bhI prasahya ho rahA thaa| ataH dhAriNI ne isa rahasya ko prakaTa nahIM kiyA aura zramaNI-mukhyA ke pAsa paMca mahAvrata rUpa zramaNI-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| sAdhvI dhAriNI apane bIte dinoM kI yAda bhUlA kara aharniza sAdhviyoM kI sevA, jJAnArjana aura prAtmacintana meM tallIna rahane lgii| kucha samaya pazcAt garbhasUcaka spaSTa cinhoM ko dekha kara saMghATaka-mukhyA sthavirA ne dhAriNI se vastusthiti ke bAre meM puuchaa| dhAriNI ne apanA pUrA paricaya dete hue apane sAtha ghaTI mAdyopAnta sArI ghaTanA yathAtathya rUpa se gurupIjI ko sunA dii| kevalikAla ke, prArya jambU ke prakaraNa meM pradyota rAjavaMza kA paricaya dete samaya prastuta pustaka meM yaha batAyA jA cukA hai ki garbhakAla pUrNa hone para dhAriNI ne putra ko janma diyA aura rAtri meM usane navajAta zizu ko usake pitA ke AbhUSaNoM ke sAtha kauzAmbI nareza ke rAjaprAsAda ke prAMgaNa meM rakha diyaa| bAlaka ne rudana kiyaa| kauzAmbI nareza svayaM apane zayanakakSa se nIce utara kara pAyA aura prAMgaNa meM rakhe bAlaka aura usake pAsa par3I gaTharI ko uThA kara zayanakakSa meM loTa gayA |paar meM khar3I dhAriNI ne jaba dekhA ki zizu upayukta sthAna para pahuMca gayA hai.to vaha upAzraya kI mora lauTa gii| vaha apanI gurUpIjI ke nirdezAnusAra prAyazcita le mAtmazuddhi kara punaH tapa-saMyama kI sAdhanA meM tallIna ho gaI / kauzAmbI ke mahArAjA ke koI saMtAna nahIM thI ataH rAjadampati ne usa bAlaka

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760 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA ko apanA putra ghoSita kara usakA lAlana-pAlana evaM zikSaNa-dIkSaNa kiyaa| unhoMne apane (dattaka) putra kA nAma maNiprabha rkhaa| bhAI kI hatyA karavAne para bhI jaba avantIvarddhana ko dhAriNI nahIM milI to usakA sammoha dUra hmaa| apane prati nikRSTa duSkRtya para use prAntarika pazcAttApa hupraa| apane choTe bhAI rASTravardhana ke putra pravantIsena ko rAjyasiMhAsana para AsIna kara anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 24 meM pravantIvarddhana ne zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| kauzAmbIpati ajitasena kI mRtyu ke pazcAt maNiprabha kauzAmbI ke rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaa| isa prakAra rASTravardhana aura devI dhAriNI kA bar3A putra avantIsena avantI kA aura choTA putra maNiprabha kauzAmbI kA zAsana karane lgaa| kauzAmbI aura avantI ke rAjavaMza meM caNDapradyota ke samaya se hI paraspara zatrutA calI A rahI thii| pravantIsena ne bhI kisI choTe-bar3e kAraNa ko lekara kauzAmbI para AkramaNa kara diyaa| donoM ora se yuddha kI pUrI taiyAriyAM ho cukI thIM, bhISaNa narasaMhAra prArambha hone hI vAlA thA, usa samaya ahiMsA kI pratimUrti sAdhvI dhAriNI ne maNiprabha aura avantIsena ke pAsa jAkara unheM batAyA ki ve donoM eka dUsare ke sahodara haiM, maNiprabha choTA aura avantIsena bdd'aa| vastusthiti kA bodha hote hI donoM bhAI bar3e prema se milakara eka dUsare ko mAnandAzruoM se siMcita karane lge| sAdhvI dhAriNI dvArA kiye gaye bIca-bacAva ke phalasvarUpa bhISaNa naramedha hote hote baca gyaa| mahattarA vijayavatI aura sAdhvI vigatamayA (vIra ni0 saM0 44 ke lagabhaga) prAvazyaka cUriNa meM mahattarA vijayavatI kI ziSyA vigatabhayA kA ullekha , pAtA hai| jisa samaya avantIsena ne kauzAmbI para prAkramaNa kiyA, usase thor3e samaya pahale sAdhvI vigatabhayA dvArA kauzAmbI meM anazana kiye jAne kA vivaraNa Avazyaka cUriNa meM kiyA gayA hai| cUNi meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhvI vigatabhayA dvArA saMleSanA pUrvaka anazana kiye jAne ke avasara para kauzAmbI ke zrAvaka-zrAvikA saMgha ne aneka dinoM taka mahotsava kA Ayojana kara unake prati apUrva saMmmAna prakaTa kiyaa| isa ullekha ke atirikta riNa meM mahattarA kA aura unakI ziSyA kA aura koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| pAlaka ne vIra ni0 saM0 20 meM dIkSA lI, usake lagabhaga 4 varSa pazcAt avantIvarddhana aura dhAriNI ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| isa prakAra vIra ni0 saM0 24-25 meM dhAriNI ne maNiprabha ko janma diyaa| jisa samaya avantIsena ne maNiprabha ke sAtha yUddha karane ke liye kauzAmbI para mAkramaNa kiyA, usa samaya maNiprabha kI vaya kama se kama 20 varSa to avazya honI caahiye| isa hisAba se avantIsena dvArA kauzAmbI para AkramaNa kiye pAvazyaka riNa, bhAga 2, pR0 161

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761 sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa jAne kI ghaTanA kA kAla anumAnataH vIra ni0 saM0 44-45 ke AsapAsa ThaharatA hai| isa AkramaNa se kucha samaya pUrva sAdhvI vigatabhayA dvArA anazana kiye jAne kA ullekha Avazyaka cUriNa meM hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki mahatarA vijayavatI vIra nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM sAdhviyoM ke kisI choTe athavA bar3e saMghATaka kI pramukhA thiiN| prajAtanAmA sAdhvI muruNDa-rAjakumArI (vIra kI pAMcavI chaThI zatI) jisa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrIcaraNoM meM koTivarSa ke-usa samaya videzI samajhe jAne vAle---cilAtarAja ke zramaNa-dharma meM dIkSita hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai, usI prakAra nirvANottara kAla meM bhI eka videzI mahilA ke zramaraNIdharma meM dIkSita hone kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM nizItha cUriNa ke ullekhAnusAra muruNDarAja (videzI zaka zAsaka) ke samakSa usakI vidhavA bahina ne pravajita hone kI icchA prakaTa kI / muruNDarAja ne apanI bahina ko pravajita hone kI anujJA pradAna karane se pUrva yaha parIkSA karanA cAhA ki kaunasA dharma sarvazreSTha hai, jisameM dIkSita hokara usakI bahina sacce arthoM meM apanI AtmA kA uddhAra kara sake / bahuta socavicAra ke pazcAt isa prakAra kI parIkSA lene kA eka upAya use sUjhA / usane apanI hastizAlA ke eka kuzala hastivAhaka (mahAvata) ko Adeza diyA ki vaha hastizAlA ke sabase vizAlakAya hAthI para ArUr3ha ho rAjapatha para rAjaprAsAda ke samIpastha catuSpatha para khar3A ho jAya / jaba bhI jisa kisI dharma kI koI sAdhvI usa patha para use dRSTigocara ho to usakI ora hAthI ko tIvra vega se hAMkate hue bar3e karkaza svara meM kaThora cetAvanI de ki vaha saba vastroM ko tatkAla DAlakara nirvasanA ho jAya, anyathA madonmatta hAthI use apane pAMvoM se kucala ddaalegaa| - muruNDarAja ne rAjaprAsAda ke gavAkSa se dekhA ki hastivAhaka usake Adeza kA akSarazaH pAlana kara rahA hai aura usa patha para Ane-jAne vAlI sAdhviyAM bhImakAya gajarAja ko apanI ora ativega se bar3hate dekha, ghabar3A kara, hastivAhaka. kI kar3I cetAvanI ke anusAra apane sabhI vastra eka ora pheMka AzAmbarA ho jAtI haiN| yaha dekhakara muruNDarAja ko bar3I nirAzA huii| vaha cintita ho socane lagA ki usakI snehamayI sahodarA kRtasaMkalpA hai prajita hone ke liye para ina kASAya, pIta, geruka, zveta Adi vibhinna raMga ke pariveza ko dhAraNa karane vAlI vibhinna matamatAntaroM kI parivrAjikAoM meM eka bhI aisI samartha sAdhvI pratIta nahIM hotI, jisake pAsa pravajita ho vaha apanA ihaloka aura paraloka sudhAra sake / uparyukta vicAroM meM DUbe hue muruNDarAja ke karNarandhroM meM punaH hAthI kI cighAr3a ke sAtha hastivAhaka kA karkaza svara gUMja uThA / muruNDarAja ne kucha unmane, ' jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 450-451

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792 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA kucha utsukatA bhare bhAva se catuSpatha para dRSTipAta kiyaa| vaha sahasA eka jhaTake ke sAtha uTha khar3A huaa| vaha gavAkSa meM bhUka kara sAMsa ko jahAM kI tahAM roke bar3I utsukatA ke sAtha catuSpatha kI ora dekhane lgaa| yaha dekhakara usake pAzcarya kA pArAvAra na rahA ki kAlopama hastirAja ciMghAr3atA huA eka zvetAmbarA kRSakAya-sAdhvI kI pora bar3e vega se bar3hA jA rahA hai| hastivAhaka dvArA bijalI kI kar3aka ke samAna ati kaThora svara meM punaH punaH duharAI gaI cetAvanI samasta vAtAvaraNa ko vibhatsa banAtI huI gagana meM guMjarita ho rahI hai para vaha sAdhvI zAnta mukhamudrA dhAraNa kiye sahajagati se apane gantavya kI ora, jisa ora se ki hAthI usa para jhapaTA pA rahA hai, usI ora niDara ho bar3hatI jA rahI hai| usakI ora bar3hatA huA hAthI jaba usase thor3I hI dUra para raha gayA to sAdhvI ne apanI mukhavastrikA hAthI kI ora ddaalii| hAthI sahasA rukA, mukhavastrikA ko sUMDa meM pakar3a idhara-udhara karate hue dekhA aura use eka ora DAlakara punaH drutagati se sAdhvI kI ora bar3hane kA upakrama karane lgaa| nirantara ati tIvra svara meM cIkha-cIkha kara cetAvanI dene ke kAraNa aba hastivAhaka ke kaNTha se phaTe bAMsa kI phaTakAra ke samAna svara nikala rahe the| hAthI punaH ciMghAr3a kara Age bddh'aa| sahajazAnta-nirbhaya mudrA meM khar3I sAdhvI ne apanA rajoharaNa hAthI kI ora giraayaa|' vaha bar3hane se punaH rukaa| usane rajoharaNa kI DaMDI ko apanI saMDa meM pakar3a kara kucha kSaNoM taka cAmara kI taraha idhara-udhara havA meM ghumAyA-pherA aura phira eka ora pheMka diyaa| isI prakAra vaha sAdhvI eka-eka karake apane pAtrAdi anya dharmopakaraNoM ko hAthI kI ora DAlatI rahI aura vaha unheM thor3I-thor3I dera idharaudhara karake dekhatA aura anta meM eka ora pheMkatA rhaa| praba sAdhvI ke pAsa eka vastra ke atirikta aura kucha bhI bacA na rhaa| hAthI punaH prAge bar3hA / eka vasana meM lipaTI dubalI-patalI sAdhvI drutagati se kabhI hAthI ke isa bhora to kabhI usa mora hotI haI bar3e dharya ke sAtha svayaM ko bacAtI rhii| catuSpatha para ekatrita vizAla janasamUha tapopUtA sAdhvI ke adbhuta buddhikauzala aura anupama dhairya evaM sAhasa ko dekha kara stabdha raha gyaa| upasthita jana-samUha ke dhairya kA pAtra kinAre taka bhara cukA thA, saba kA pyAlA labareja ho cukA thaa| aba dhairya pratikAra ke rUpa meM vaha nikalA / kruddha jana-samUha ne hastivAhaka ko lalakArA / sahasroM kaNThoM se kroSa-prAkroza bharA yaha nirghoSa sahasA gaMja uThA - "banda karo isa duSTatA ko| aba yadi hAthI ne eka Daga bhI bhAge bar3hA diyA to na tumhArI kuzala hai, na hAthI kI hii| kula bhIr3a ke kolAhala se hAthI aura mahAvata donoM hI kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho cuke the| hastivAhaka ne muruNDarAja kI mora dRSTi dhumAI, use kucha saMketa milA / murugNarAja kA saMketa pAte hI hastivAhaka ne eka vicitra dhvani karate hue hAthI ke skanda bhAga para aMkuza kA prahAra kiyaa| eka ciMghAr3a ke sAtha hAthI mur3A aura apanI lambI pUMcha, sUMDa aura kAnoM ko phaTakAratA humA hastizAlA kI bhora bhAga khar3A humaa| 1 vahatkalpa bhASya, mA. 4, pR. 1123

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sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 763 muruNDa rAja ne apanI bahina se kahA - "sahodare ! isa agAdha dharyazAlinI sarvasahA, samarthA sAdhvI ke pAsa tuma pravajita ho sakatI ho| vastutaH isa sAdhvI kA dharma zreSTha aura sarvajJa-prarUpita dharma hai|" ____ apane bhAI kI anumati prApta hote hI muruNDa-rAjakumArI ne usa tapopUtA, kRSakAyA jaina-sAdhvI ke caraNoM para apanA mastaka rakhate hue unase vidhivat zramaNI-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| sahasroM zira usa atula AtmabalazAlinI tapokRSA ajJAtanAmA sAdhvI aura unakI sadyaH dIkSitA ziSyA muruNDa kumArI ke caraNoM meM bhUka gaye / sahasroM kaNThoM se udghoSita jayaMghoSoM dvArA sarvasammAnitA ve donoM sAdhviyAM- garuNo aura ziSyA jana-jana ke mana meM zraddhA kA ajasra srota prasphuTita karatI huI upAzraya meM phuNciiN| . __ sAhasa, sahanazIlatA, zAnti evaM sAdhanA kI pratimUrti una guruNIjI aura unakI ziSyA sAdhvI muruNDarAja kumArI kA nAma lambe pratIta kI aneka paratoM ke nIce chupA hone ke kAraNa Aja bhale hI pustakoM, pannoM, patroM evaM abhilekhoM meM aMkita na ho para unake yatkicit itivRtta ko par3hate hI unakA prati saumyapati zAnta citra pratyeka zraddhAlu sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM aMkita ho, use sAdhanApatha para agrasara hone kI preraNA detA rahatA hai| sAdhvI somA (vIra ko chaThI zatI) yadi kisI parivAra meM dharma ke prati Antarika evaM ananya niSThA rakhane vAlA eka bhI sadasya ho to vaha sampUrNa kuTumba kA sahI artha meM uddhAra kara detA hai-tirA detA hai| sAdhvI banane se pUrva kA rudrasomA kA gArhasthya jIvana isa tathya kA eka prAdarza pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| rudrasomA dazapura ke vedavit vidvAn somadeva kI patnI thii| somadeva dazapura ke mahArAjA ke rAjapurohita the| unakA rAjaparivAra, rAjasabhA, samAja paura samasta prajAvarga meM bar3A sammAna thaa| rudrasomA jaina dharma meM pragAr3ha niSThA rakhane vAlI zraddhAlu zrArikA thii| rAjapurohita-patnI rudrasomA ne vIra ni. saM. 522 meM eka mahAna bhAgyazAlI putra mArya rakSita ko janma diyaa| mAge cala kara Arya rakSita jaina dharma kA paramodyota karane vAle mahAn prabhAvaka yuga-pradhAnAcArya hue| rudrasomA ke dUsare putra kA nAma phalgurakSita thaa| rAjapurohita somadeva ne zikSA yogya vaya meM bAlaka rakSita kI zikSA kI samucita vyavasthA kii| prArambhika zikSA kI samApti para somadeva ne apane putra rakSita ko ucca zikSA dilAne hetu pATaliputra bhejaa| pATaliputra meM aneka ' "esa dhammo savannu diTTho" - vRhatkalpa bhASya, bhAga 4, pR. 1123

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714 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA voM taka vidyAbhyAsa karate hue kuzAgra buddhi rakSita ne chahoM aMgoM sahita vedoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| sabhI vidyAoM meM pAraMgata hone ke pazcAt vIra ni. saM. 544 meM jaba rakSita pATaliputra se dazapura paha~cA to rAjA aura prajA ne bhavya samAroda ke sAtha nagara-praveza karA use sammAnita kiyaa| jisa samaya harSollAsa meM bharA rakSita apanI mAM ke padavandana hetu ghara meM paha~cA, usa samaya rudrasomA sAmAyika grahaNa kiye Atma cintana meM tallIna thii| rakSita apanI mAM ke caraNoM meM niDhAla ho jAnA cAhatA thA para use sAmAyika meM dekha usane dUra se hI usake caraNoM meM bhAvavibhora ho praNAma kiyaa| use prAzA thI ki usakI mAM use dekhate hI harSa gadgad ho apanI goda meM sameTa kara usakI sahasroM balayAM legii| jisa prakAra dazapurapati, dazapura kI prajA, pitA aura pArivArika janoM ne usa para smita evaM harSa vibhora mukhamudrA tathA madhura vacanoM ke mAdhyama se apAra sneha aura sammAna kA sAgara usa para uMDela diyA, usI prakAra mAM bhI use dekhate hI avazyameva usase bar3hakara saMsAra ke samasta mAtRvAtsalya ko usa para uMDela kara ucca adhyayana meM kiye gaye athaka zrama kI thakAna ko dUra kara degii| para use yaha saba kucha mAM kI ora se nahIM milaa| mAM to kevala eka bAra snehabharI dRSTi DAla kara punaH apane nitya-niyama meM tallIna ho gii| vaha mAM ke sammukha vicAramagna mudrA meM baiTha gyaa| usake mana meM prazna uThA - "kyA mAM ruSTa hai ?" dUsare hI kSaNa antarmana ne uttara diyaa"nhiiN| mAM kabhI ruSTa nahIM hotii| mAM to sneha aura mamatA kI pratimUrti hai jisake netroM se, roma-roma se sneha kI saritAeM nirantara bahatI rahatI haiN|" rakSita ne dekhA ki usakI mAM ne sAmAyika kA pAraNa kara liyA hai| vaha Age bar3hA aura mAM ke caraNoM se lipaTate hue una para apanA mastaka rakha diyaa| mAM kA snehila varada hasta rakSita ke mastaka, bhAla, kapola, grIvA aura pRSTha bhAga ko sahalAtA rahA aura rakSita mAM ke caraNoM se apanA mastaka cipakAye cupacApa leTA rhaa| kaI kSaNoM taka yahI sthiti rhii| rakSita ne mauna bhaMga karate hue ruMdhe kaNTha-svara meM kahA- "merI mAM ! saphalatApUrvaka ucca adhyayana kara loTe hue tere lAr3ale lAla kA Aja dazapurAdhIza aura dazapura kI prajA ne apanI prAMkhoM kI palakeM bichA svAgata-sammAna kiyaa| mA~ ! apane putra kI isa saphalatA aura apUrva sammAna para jisa prakAra kI prasannatA tumheM honI cAhiye, vaha meM tumhAre mukha para nahIM dekha rahA hU~ / saca-saca kaho mA~ ! yaha kahIM merA dRSTidoSa to nahIM hai ?" rudrasomA ne zAnta svara meM kahA - "vatsa! bhalA saMsAra meM aisI kauna prabhAgina mAM hogI jo apane putra kI saphalatA para prasanna na ho / tumhArI saphalatA para saba ko prasannatA hai para tuma jisa vidyA meM niSNAta hokara pAye ho, usa vidyA kA phala sAMsArika sukhopabhoga pradAna karane aura apanA svayaM kA tathA apane parijanoM kA bharaNa-poSaNa karane taka hI sImita hai| sva-para-kalyANa ranamamawuly

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sAdhvI-paramparA] sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 765 athavA prAdhyAtmika abhyutthAna meM vaha vidyA kicitmAtra bhI sahAyaka nhiiN| putra! saca kahatI hai, mujhe vAstavika khuzI to taba hotI jabaki tuma adhyAtma-vidyA se protaHprota dRSTivAda kA adhyayana kara paate| apanI aura apane AzritoM kI udarapUrti to pazupakSi taka bhI kara lete haiN| mere jIvana kI ekamAtra yahI sAdha thI, Antarika abhilASA thI ki merA putra dRSTivAda kA adhyayana kara adhyAtmavidyA meM niSNAta ho adhyAtma-mArga kA saphala pathika aura kuzala patha-pradarzaka bane / " - mA~ ke hRdaya ke gahana tala se prakaTa hue amogha udgAra putra ke hRdayapaTala para sadA-sadA ke liye aMkita ho gye| usane dRDha svara meM kahA- "mA~ ! maiM tumhArI prAntarika abhilASA ko pUrNa karane kI pratijJA karatA hai| merI acchI mAM ! tumane merI aMtara kI prAMkheM khola dI haiN| maiM dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karake hI tumhArI sevA meM punaH lauTuMgA / para mA~ ! yaha to batAyo ki mujhe dRSTivAda kI zikSA kahAM milegI ?"--- "nagara ke bAhara apanI ikSuvATikA meM prAcArya toSaliputra virAjamAna haiM, unakI sevA meM cale jaayo| sava vyavasthA ho jaaygii|" mA~ ne khaa| divasa kA avasAna hone hI vAlA thA ataH vaha rAtri to rakSita ne mana masosa kara jisa kisI taraha ghara para bitaaii| prAtaHkAla hote hI rakSita mAM kI caraNaraja bhAla para lagA dRSTivAda ke adhyayana kI umaMga liye apanI ikSuvATikA meM virAjamAna prAcArya toSaliputra kI sevA meM phcaa| "nirgrantha zrAmaNya kI dIkSA grahaNa karane para hI dRSTivAda kA adhyayana karAyA jA sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM" - prAcArya toSaliputra se apanI prArthanA kA yaha uttara sunakara rakSita ne tatkAla binA kisI hicaka ke prArya toSaliputra ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lii| mArya rakSita ne prAcArya toSaliputra ke pAsa ekAdazAMgI kA gahana adhyayana karane ke pazcAt kisa prakAra mArya vajra kI sevA meM pahu~ca kara sArddha nava pUrva kA zAna prApta kiyA, kisa prakAra mAtA-pitA dvArA svayaM (Arya rakSita) ko livA leM jAne ke liye Aye hue apane anuja phalgurakSita ko zramaNa dharma meM pravajita kiyA, yaha saba prArya rakSita ke prakaraNa meM batAyA jA cukA hai| Arya rakSita sAr3he nava pUrva kA jJAna prApta kara punaH apane guru prAcArya toSaliputra kI sevA meM phuNce| gurU ne sArddha nava pUrva ke jJAna se sampanna apane ziSya ko sarvathA yogya samajha kara, unheM gaNAcArya pada pradAna kiyA aura tadanantara ve samAdhi saMleSanA pUrvaka svargastha hue| prAcArya pada para adhiSThita hone ke pazcAt mArya rakSita pUrva meM phalgurakSita ke mAdhyama se kiye gaye mAtA rudra somA ke anurodha aura aneka dIkSArthiyoM ke hita ko dRSTigata rakhate hue dazapura phuNce|

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jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga [sAdhvI-paramparA - rudrasomA ne aura rudrasomA dvArA nirmita preraNAprada bhUmikA ke phalasvarUpa rAjapurohita somadeva tathA unake parivAra ke aneka mumukSutroM ne prAcArya rakSita ke pAsa paMcamahAvrata svarUpa araNagAra-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kii| AryA rudrasomA ne kaThora tapazcaraNa karate hae aneka varSoM taka vizuddha saMyama kI sAdhanA kii| AryA rudrasomA ke donoM hI jIvana, gArhasthya jIvana aura sAdhvI-jIvana, mAnavamAtra ke liye bar3e preraNAdAyaka haiN| vaMza-vistAra aura apane vaMza kI paramparA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane arthAt vaMza kA nAma sthAyI rakhane kI lokarUr3ha bAta kA sva-para-kalyANa kI tulanA meM rudrasomA ke samakSa koI mahatva nahIM thaa| vaha mAnava-jIvana kI saphalatA, vaMza-vistAra meM nahIM apitu sva-parakalyANa meM mAnatI thii| prArambhika jIvana se hI jaina dharma meM pragAr3ha prAsthA rakhane vAlI dRr3ha samyaktvadhAriNI rudrasomA kI yaha sunizcita dhAraNA thI ki jo mAnava adhyAtma-vidyA kA adhyayana kara sAdhanA-patha para svayaM agrasara hotA huaA aura anya logoM ko sAdhanApatha para agrasara karatA huA jana-jIvana meM AdhyAtmika cetanA ke jAgaraNa se jitanA adhika sva tathA para ke kalyANa meM nirata rahatA hai, vastutaH vaha utanA hI adhika apane mAnava-jIvana ko saphala banAtA hai| kitane uccakoTi ke vicAra the rudrasomA ke ? usane apane ina vicAroM ko apane jIvana meM akSarazaH ddhaalaa| usake vaMza kA nAma Age calegA athavA nahIM, isa bAta kI kiMcitmAtra bhI cintA na karate hue usane apane donoM putroM meM uccakoTi ke. saMskAra DAla kara unheM AdhyAtmika sAdhanApatha ke pathika aura pathapradarzaka banane tathA apanA evaM prauroM kA kalyANa karane kI preraNA dii| rudrasomA kI preraNA kA hI pratiphala thA ki bAlaka rakSita Age calakara yugapradhAnAcArya prArya rakSita bnaa| Arya rakSita ne jana-jana ke mana meM AdhyAtmika cetanA utpanna kara sva-para kA kalyANa evaM jinazAsana kI sevA karane meM jo ullekhanIya saphalatA prApta kI, usakA mUlataH zreya rudrasomA ko hI hai| yadyapi somadeva aura rudrasomA kI saMtati, vaMza-paramparA pArya rakSita evaM phalgurakSita ke dIkSita ho jAne ke kAraNa Age nahIM calI kintu jaina itihAsa meM prayogoM ke pRthakkartA ke rUpa meM Arya rakSita ke nAma ke sAtha-sAtha purohita somadeva aura mukhyataH rudrasomA kA nAma amara ho gyaa| rudrasomA ke samaya se lekara prAja taka eka taraha se asaMkhya mahilAeM huI haiM, jinakI saMtati-vaMzaparamparA clii| unameM se Aja kA mAnava-samAja kisI kA nAma nahIM jAnatA parantu lagabhaga do hajAra varSa vyatIta ho jAne para bhI Aja taka zraddhAluoM evaM sAdhakoM dvArA bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha rudrasomA kA nAma smaraNa kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI sahasroM zatAbdiyoM taka bhakti ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA rhegaa| prAtaH smaraNIyA rudrasomA ke uddAtta evaM anukaraNIya jIvana se prAja kA mAnavasamAja, mukhyataH mahilA-samAja yadi thor3I bahuta bhI preraNA le to bhautikatA kI pracaNDa bhaTTI meM jalate hue Aja ke mAnavasamAja ko rAhata dene vAlI, zAnti pahuMcAne vAlI

Page #927
sAdhvI-paramparA sAmAnya pUrvadhara-kAla : devaddhi kSamAzramaNa 767 mahAn AtmAeM samaya-samaya para samAja meM ubhara kara mAnavatA ko sacce sukha kI ora agrasara kara sakatI haiM / sAdhvI IzvarI (vIra kI chaThI zatI kA aMtima dazaka). saMsAra vastutaH duHkhoM kA athAha sAgara hai, jisakA koI prora hai na chora / eka bhI aisA mAnava nahIM; jise jIvana meM duHkhoM ne nahIM gherA ho, saMkaToM ne nahIM satAyA ho / garbha-kAla se lekara mRtyu paryanta pratyeka mAnava choTe-bar3e kisI na kisI prakAra ke duHkhoM se ghirA hI rahatA hai| dAruNa duHkha kI ghar3iyAM bIta jAne para mAnava duHkha ke dinoM ko bhUla kara punaH mRgamarIcikA tulya sukha kI khoja meM daur3a lagAtA hai, punaH duHkha pA gherate haiM, kucha samaya pazcAt phira unheM bhUla jAtA hai| pratyeka mAnava ke jIvana meM yahI krama prAyaH mRtyu paryanta calatA rahatA hai| lAkhoM meM se viralA hI koI mAnava aisA hotA hai, jo apane Upara Aye hue duHkha se zikSA grahaNa kara sadA-sarvadA ke liye duHkha se chuTakArA pAne kA sahI aura saccA prayAsa karatA hai| sAdhikA IzvarI kI gaNanA una viraloM kI zreNI meM zIrSa sthAna para kI jA sakatI hai| bhISaNa duSkAlajanya annAbhAva kI bIbhatsa saMkaTApanna sthiti meM bhUkha se tar3apa-tar3apa kara marane ke sthAna para sopAraka nagara ke Ibhya (atula sampadAzAlI) jinadatta aura usakI patnI IzvarI ne apane cAra putroM aura pUre parivAra sahita viSamizrita bhojana kara svecchA-mRtyU kA varaNa karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| eka lAkha mudrAeM vyaya karane para bho jinadatta apane parivAra ke antima (viSamizrita) bhojana ke liye bar3I kaThinAI se kevala do aMjalibhara anna juTA paaye| Ibhya-patnI IzvarI ne usa anna ko pIsakara apane parivAra ke liye bhojana bnaayaa| usa bhojana meM viSa milAne ke liye jyoMhI IzvarI ne sadyaHprANahArI kAlakUTa kI pur3iyA kholI, tyoMhI yugapradhAnAcArya vajrasena ne vahAM padArpaNa kiyaa| AsannamRtyu ke vikaTa kSaraNoM meM munidarzana ko apanA parama puNyodaya mAna IzvarI ne harSagadgad ho muni ko bhakti sahita bhAvapUrNa tridhA vandana kiyaa| . zreSThipatnI ke hAtha meM kAlakUTa viSa dekha Arya vajrasena ne kAraNa puuchaa| zreSThipatnI ke mukha se vAstavika sthiti se avagata hote hI prAcArya vajrasena ko apane guru dvArA kI gaI usa bhaviSyavANI kA smaraNa ho pAyA, jisameM prArya vajrasena ko batAyA gayA thA ki jisa dina tuma lakSapAka arthAt 1 lAkha mudrAmoM ke mUlya ke bhojana meM gRhasvAminI ko viSa milAte hue dekho usI kSaNa samajha lenA ki dUsare dina duSkAlajanya annAbhAva kI duHkhAvaha sthiti sunizcita rUpa se samApta ho jaaygii|

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768 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-dvitIya bhAga sAdhvI-paramparA prAcArya vajrasena ne IzvarI se kahA - "zrIvike ! bhojana meM viSa milAne kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / kala yahAM pracura mAtrA meM anna upalabdha ho jaaygaa|" - munivacanoM kI amoghatA meM ananya prAsthAvatI IzvarI ne viSa kI pur3iyA sameTa kara use vinaSTa karane hetu eka ora rakha diyaa| IzvarI dvArA prati karuNa svara meM bAra-bAra hArdika anurodha kiye jAne para prArya vajrasena ne do kavala bhojana usa vizuddha AhAra meM se grahaNa kiyaa| bhaviSyadarzI satyavaktA muniyoM ke vacana kabhI mogha nahIM hote| usI rAtri meM anna se lade jahAja sopArakapUra ke bandara para phuNce| sUryodaya hote hI nAgarikoM ko yathepsita mAtrA meM anna upalabdha hone lgaa| prAraNahArI bhISaNa saMkaTa ke Talate hI sabane sukha kI sAMsa lii| sabakA kAryakalApa pUrvavat calane lgaa| jaise una para kabhI koI saMkaTa pAyA hI na ho| sUrya kI pracaNDa kiraNoM ke saMsarga se marubhUmi kI bAlurAzi meM utpanna huI diganta vyApinI camaka meM jalAzaya kI bhrAnta kalpanA kara pyAsA mRga jisa taraha jala ke liye anavarata daur3a lagAtA rahatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra logoM meM sarvatra sukhAbhAsa kI ora tAbar3ator3a daur3a meM hor3a laga rahI thii| zreSThi jinadatta ke ghara para bhI anna phuNcaa| sabane bhUkha kI jvAlA ko zAnta kiyaa| zreSThipatnI IzvarI ne bIte prANApahArI saMkaTa kI vibhISikA para vicAra karate hue apane pati aura cAroM putroM ko sambodhita kara kahA :"yadi mahAmuni vajrasena kucha hI kSaNa vilamba se Ate to hama saba loga asaMyatAvasthA meM, avatAvasthA meM hI akAlamRtyu dvArA grasta ho adhogati ke bhAgI bnte| jIvana aura mRtyu ke sandhikAla ke antima kSaNa meM mukti ke devatA ke rUpa meM muni upasthita hue aura unhoMne hama sabako karAla kAla ke gAla meM jAne se bacA liyaa| munirAja ne hI hameM jIvana-dAna diyA hai| viSaya-kaSAya ke pracaNDa jhoMkoM se nirantara jAjvalyamAn isa janma, jarA, mRtyu rUpI duHkhadAvAnala meM bArambAra jalane ke sthAna para to hama sabake liye yaha parama zreyaskara hogA ki hama loga prAcArya vacasena ke pAsa zramaNa-dIkSA grahaNa kara tapa aura saMyama kI agni meM apane karmendhana ko jalA sadA ke liye isa dAruNa duHkha-dAvAnala se bacane kA prayAsa kreN|" IzvarI ke isa ati sukhada sundara sujhAva kI sarAhanA karate hue jinadatta mAdi sabhI ne saMsAra se virakta ho pravajita hone kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyaa| Imya jinadatta, ImyapatnI IzvarI tathA unake nAgendra, candra, nivRtti evaM vidyAdhara-ina cAroM putroM ne apAra vaibhava aura samasta sAMsArika bhogoM ko karA kara prAcArya vajrasena ke pAsa sarvavirati svarUpa aNagAra-dharma kI dIkSA grahaNa kara lii| IzvarI ne usa saMkaTakAla se zikSA grahaNa kI aura usake cintana kI sahI dizA ne usa bhISaNa saMkaTa ke abhizApa ko bhI svayaM ke liye tathA apane parivAra ke liye varadAna ke rUpa meM badala diyaa| kisI zAyara kI

Page #929
sAdhvI-paramparA ] sAmAnya pUrvaghara - kAla : devaddha kSamAzramaraNa 766 "zamA mahaphila dekha le, yaha ghara kA ghara paravAnA hai / " yaha ukti IzvarI ke parivAra para akSarazaH ghaTita hotI hai / ghara kA ghara pravrajita hoM jIvana bhara adhyAtma-jyoti kA paramopAsaka banA rahA / zrAja jo candra gaccha, nAgendra kula, nirvRtti kula aura vidyAdhara kula ye cAraM gaccha prathavA kula zvetAmbara paramparA meM prasiddha haiM, ve una mahAmahimAmayI sAdhikA IzvarI ke mahAn prabhAvaka putroM ke nAma para hI pracalita hue the / - sAdhvI IzvarI kA jIvana vastutaH sAdhaka evaM sAdhikAoM ke liye bar3A hI'preraNApradAyI hai / vaha mAnava mAtra ko nirantara yahI preraNA detA rahatA hai ki. zro mAnava ! duHkha kI thaper3a khA kara samhala jA, usI kSaraNa se aise prayAsa meM juTa jA, jisase tujhe phira kabhI duHkha kA dina dekhanA hI na par3e / mahatI prabhAvikA sAdhvI IzvarI ke pazcAt devaddhi kSamAzramaraNa ke kAla taka sAdhviyoM kA paricaya upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa yahAM nahIM diyA jA rahA hai 1 upasaMhAra prastuta grantha meM vIra niH saM. 1 se lekara 1000 taka kA jaina dharma kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai jisameM 1000 varSa kI avadhi meM hue prAcAryo, pramukha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanAoM, rAjavaMzoM, rAjya parivartanoM prAdi kA yathAzakya prAmANika vivaraNa dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / vIra ni. saM. 1000 ke pazcAdvartI kAla kA itihAsa Age ke bhAgoM meM diyA jAyagA / OM zAntiH zAntiH zAntiH

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pariziSTa 1. zabdAnukramaNikA 2. sandarbha granthoM kI sUcI

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1. zabdAnukramaNikA (ka) tIrthakara, prAcArya muni, rAjA, zrAvakAdi anu - 48 aMgabhUpaNa - 42 anuruddha - 274, aMgArakAraka - 218 anikA - 257, 258 aMju zrI - 165 anikAputra - 257, 258, 256, 260, aMtahuMDI devI - 170 261, 262 aMtikinI rAjA - 436 aparAjita - 184, 261, 315, 323, atiyoka rAjA - 436 358, 586, 617, 730, 731, akapita - 6, 24, 27, 32, 58, 127 736, 746 akalaMka deva - 71, 131, 154 abulahamana -- 670 abhaMgasena cora - 165 agnikumAra - 134 agnidatta - 380 abhayacandradeva - 753 agnibhUti - 7, 6. 13, 24, 27, 40, abhayadeva sUri - 75, 63, 64, 65, 101, 107, 120, 126, 130, 131, 43, 53, 58, 60, 125, 126 142, 157, 158, 170 agnimitra - 151, 460, 462, 467, abhayabhadra - 732 abhayasAra prAcArya - 166 pracala-752 / acala bhrAtA -6, 24, 27, 32, 58, 127 abhinava paMDita - 753 abhinava zrutamuni - 753 pracalarAma :- 127 acyuta - 660 abhIcikumAra - 133 acyuta nandI-661 amita sena - 742, 750 ajaya senA - 777 amitraghAta -448 prajAta zatru -- 246, 250, 25, 255, amitra ceTama - 448 274, 275 amogha varSa -670 ajitanAtha - 124, 127 amanacandra - 717, 758, 756, 767 prajitamena - 281, 282, ambaDaM parivrAjaka - 133 ajItasiMha - 645 paragaNaka zrAvaka - 146 pratimuktakumAra - 154 aranAtha -506 anaMgasenA - 540 aridamana - 676 anaMtadevI-666 ariSTakaraNaM - 604 anaMtanAtha - 126 ariSTanemi - 125, 667, 770 anAdhRtadeva - 201, 205, 206, 221, pariSTobulama - 420 222, 227, arjunamAlI - 154 468

Page #934
804 arjunAyana - 638, 661 prahadatta - 477, 536, 710, 737, 738, 739,741 prahaMdAsa - 67, 227, 234, 236, 238, 236, 242. 243, 246 mahaMdabali - 613, 614, 702, 703, 710,711, 723, 724, 726, 727, 728, 726, 737, 738, 736, 741, 742, 744, 747, 786, 750, 751. 752, 753, 754, 756, 763, 764 malabesnI -550, 604 bhalikasundara - 440 alekjeNDara - 419. 436, 437, 440 bhavanti sukumAla - 460, 461, 462, prADhya -463 AdinAtha - 667 grAdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye - 232, 716, 717, 721, 723, 726, 758, .756, 761, 763, 768 prAnanda zrAvaka - 150, 152, 771, 772, mAnandila - 472 Arjavamuni - 180, 188, 161 prArdrakumAra 113 prAzAdhara - 617 prASADhAcArya - 415, 416 prAsila - 111 itsiMga - 647 indumati -584 indradinna - 473, 477, 506 indranandI-708, 706, 710, 714, 723, 724, 725, 727, 731, 732, 733, 737, 738, 736, 740, 741,742,748, 752, 754, 755, 756, 763 indrabhUtigautama - 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 36, 40,41, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 53, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 66, 70, 113, 127, 126, 131, 173, 227, 228, 230, 232, 315, 466, 585, 732, 733, 734, 746, pravantIvardhana- 279, 280, 281,788, 789 pravantI sena - 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 205, 286, 787. 788 pravamukta - 66. pravinIta-768 manoka - 264, 345, 436, 440, 448, 450, 451, 452.453, 455, 457, 458, 456, 476, 480, 481,485, 461, 5.3, 506, 541, 547, 635, 658, 656 prazokavarSana - 481 azvaghoSa - 635 azvamitra - 465, 466, 467 azvasena - 254, 256 azvinIkumAra-14. asurakumAra-134 pasoma kevalI-133 pahilyA - 16. (pA) mAMTolA - 664 mAMbhI-5.2 pAjeya - 274 ilA-487 isibhadra putra - 133 IzvarI - 620, 767, 768, 766 (1) ugrasena - 145, 660 ujmitakumAra - 164 ujjumaI - 324

Page #935
805 e0ke0 majUmadAra - 251 eNA - 386 elAcArya -761 aiMTigonasa - 436 aiMTiyokasa - 436, 448 aila-487 . uttara-463 uttarA-610 uttAnapAda - 488 utpalakumAra - 376 utpalA- 133 udadhikumAra - 134 udayagirI- 671 udayana - 133, 267, 274, udAyI - 250, 254, 256, 263, 264, 265, 266. 273, 275, 276, 277, 276, 377, 383, 5.03, udayavarddhana - 380 udayAzva - 250, 264 udAyI hamtI-134 udyotana sUri - 712, 713 upakoNA - 395 upanaMdana bhadra - 324 uparicara vasu-488 umaradatta - 165 umAsvAti - 475, 463, 464, 753 umAsvAmI -756 usabhadAta- 637 pronesikriTasa - 420 / (pro) paurva - 252 (ka) Uhar3a-376 kacanA-160 kaMsa - 665, 730, 732, 737 kaMsArya - 185 kaMsAvAye - 730, 746 kachulla nArada - 147 kanakavatI- 206, 777 kanakazrI -- 206, 236, 777 kanakasenA - 206, 777 kaniSka - 634, 635, 636, 637 kapadiyakSa - 677 kapila - 136, 268 kapila brAhmaNa - 266 kamalabhAla-777 kamalamAlA - 206 kamalAvatI- 206, 777 kalAvatI- 676 kalpa - 360, 751 kalpaka - 383 kalpAka - 266, 230, 271, 272, 273 kalyANa vijaya - 231, 466, 616, 622, 623, 624, 678, 682 kAntimAgara - 456. 5.7, 633. kAkavarNa -- 255, 276 RSabha - 124 RSabhadata - 133, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 206, 211, 213, 214, 215, / 216, 221, 225, 234, 263 RSabhadeva - 1, 5, 30, 126, 127, 128, 171, 505, 566, 645, 686, RSabhasena - 30, 31 RSigupta - 465 RSidatta - 477

Page #936
806 637 gupta - 658 kAtyAyana - 526 kAmadeva - 150 kAmadhigaraNI - 464 kAmadAta kAmalatA - 243, 246 kATiyasa - 437 kArtika - 134 kArtikeya - 668, 664 kAlaka - 176, 474, 510, 511, 512, 513, 515, 517, 518, 521, 522, 523, 541, 676, 681, 662, 663 kAlakAcArya - 176, 366, 381, 473, 464, 465, 466, 510, 511, 514, 517, 516, 521, 523, 526, 541, 546, 587, 606, 607, 662, 613, 718, 782 kAlIdAsa - 626 kAlI rAnI - 154 kidAra - 636 kinnarI - 160 kunthunAtha - 125, 127, 506 kujula keDaphAisisa - 630, 634 kuNAla 345, 455, 458, 481, 482 kunDa kaulika 150, 151 kuNDarIka - 148, 149 kuMdakuMda - 627, 742, 745, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 756, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 767, 768 kubera - 202, 23, 660 kuberadatta - 206, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304 kuberadattA - 300, 301, 302, 303, 304 kuvera mitra - 353, - - kuverasena - 206 kuberasenA - 300, 301, 303 kumAragiri - 651, 780 kumAragupta - 543, 672, 673, 663, 65, 666, 68, 666 kumAradevI - 657, 658, 666 kumAradhamaM - 682 kumAranandi - 760 kumArapAla - 436 kumArabhukti - 481 kumArAmAtya - 648, 660 kumudacanda - 525 170 kumbha - 752 kubhadharayakSa kuzAgrapura - 246 kuSAraNa - 607, 630 kUNika - 133, 138, 222, 224, 225, 227, 230, 237, 246, 250, 254, 255, 256, 264, 274, 275, 276, 483, 547 kRtikAya - 358 kRSNa (rAjA) - 145, 147, 153, 467, 500, 536, 558, 604, 605, 60, 665 ke. pI. jAyasavAla - 450, 478, 484, 486, 461, 462 ke0 pI0 pAThaka - 765, 766 kezI - 133, 256 kesarI - 43 koTTavIra - 610 koDina - 116, 463, 465, 610 koNDakundAnvaya -- 768 kozA - 383, 363, 365, 368, 366, 400, 401. 402, 403, 404, 411, 412 krenDala - 426 kliyophisa- 422

Page #937
807. guNapAla - 160, 204, 215, 222, 228, 231 guNabhadra - 227, 232, 238, 586, 753 guNa sundara - 381, 464, 473, 476, kSatriya - 185, 586, 731, 736, 746 kSatraujA - 254, 255 * kSahayA -501 kSudraka - 416 kSemakIrti sUrI- 362 / kSemadharmA - 276 kSemarAja- 450 kSemavarmA - 254, 255 kSemendra - 547 khantamuni - 193, 194, 564 khapuTa - 526, 530, 531, 555 khasa rAjA - 668, 666 khAravela - 478, 476 483, 484, 486, 460,463, 780 khemarAjA - 486 guNAkara - 464, 464, 511, 646 guNADhya - 547, guptaRSi - 740, 741, 748, 750. guptigupta - 357, 754 gulAbacanda -755, 768 gayera - 436 goMDApharanIja - 626, 606 godAsa - 116, 380, 444 gonATasa - 436 gopAla - 276, 465, 477 gomatIputra-630 gomukhayakSa - 677 govardhana - 184, 261, 315, 325, 341, 347, 348, 346, 358, 586, 730, 731, 736, 746 govinda - 375, 472, 663, 664, 765, gozAlaka - 113, 131, .133, 134, 138, 10, 151, 172 goSThAmAhila -567. 596, 566, 600, gaMga-467, 468, 732 gaMgadeva - 134, 467, 586, 730, 746, gaMgA -- 658 gaganagati- 237 gajasukumAla-153 gajAdhara -757, 760 gaNapati - 661, 640 gandhahastI - 651 garuna-561 gardabhin - 547 gardabhilla - 511, 512, 513, 515, 516, 517, 532, 540, 541, 544, 546, 606, 782, 753 gAMgilA -308 gAMgeyabhaMga- 133 gArgI - 466. guNacandragariNa - 31 guraNacandrabhaTTAra -768 gugNajJA - 210 guNadharAcArya-553, 724 gautama - 18, 16, 31, 33, 108. 130, 132, 133, 140, 142. 152, 153, 170, 232, 233. 230, 246, 280, 330, 358, 725, 727, 728, 726, 731, 732. 741, 756, 762, 773 gautamI - 604, 607, 643, 770, 771, 772 ghaTotkaca - 656, 668, 666, 647,. .648

Page #938
808 ghanasundara.-.464 candra prakAza-656 ghAsIlAla - 61 candralekhA - 612 ghRtapuSyamitra - 565, 566 candravarmA - 661 ghoSa - 468 candravidyaka - 686 candrazrI - 604 cakora - 604 candrasUrI- 632 cakravartI -761 carajanAga - 636, 640 cakrezvarI devI - 677 caSTana - 606 caNakezvarI - 423 cANakya - 345, 422, 423, 424, caraNI - 423 425. 426, 427, 428, 426, caNDapradyota - 5. 265, 276, 280, 281, .. 431, 432, 433, 434,435, 286, 547, 787, 76. 438, 436, 447, 4s,me, caNDamahAsena - 543 402 caNDamAri - 247 cAmarI- 41, 43 caNDasena-667 cAraNamuni - 134 candanabAlA - 770, 772, 774, 775, cArUkIti - 645, 753 777 cilAtarAja-761 candanA - 776 cilAtIputra - 664 candra (muni) - 568, 620, 621, 622, culaNimataka - 150 627, 632 culagopitA zrAvaka - 150 candra (rAjA) - 671, 372, 768 cullavagga - 970, 772 / candragupta - 342, 416, 421, 422, ceTaka-138, 250, 253, 286, 404, 425, 426, 427, 428, 426, 487,488,547 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, . celanA- 155 435, 436, 437, 438, 436, celinI- 227 440, 46, 447, 448, 450, * cokhA- 146 451, 452, 453, 480, 481, . 482, 503, 504, 547, 548, 6.7, 630, 641, 642, 643, chajjIvariNakAya - 1.4 747, 656, 657, 658, 656, chAgalika kasAI - 165 665, 666, 667, 668, 666, 670, 671, 672,.674, 697, jaMbhaka deva-578 618, 669, 756 candragupti - 345, 346, 347, 346, jakkhadiNNA - 324 351,.352, 353, 355, 356, jaksAziSyA - 324 452 janmejaya-567 candracUla - 237 jamAli - 119, 133, 776

Page #939
jambU - 3, 57, 66, 67, 70, 72, 130, 177, 104, 187, 186, 200, 202, 206, 207, 208, 201, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 21, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, -226, 227, 228, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 267, 281, 262, 263, 294, 265, 267, 268, 266, 300, 304, 305, 306, 307, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 324, 358, 378, 471, 472, 473, 585, 610, 601, 682, 683, 726, 730, 731, 736, 746, 774, 777, 778, 786 jaya - 185, 350, 506, 730, 731, ore jayadeva - 657 jayadeva sUri- 646 jayanta 582 jayantI - 133 jayapAla 155, 730, 732, 737 jayabAhu - 732 jaya zrI - 206, 418, 777 'jayasiMha - 257, 258, 256, 681 jayasena - 717, 736, 740, 757, 758, 756, 760, 764, 765, 767 - - jayasenA - 206 jahaMma binatoI - 548 javAharalAla 110, 176 jasamadda - 324 jasabhadra - 328 jasamitra - 203, 205 jasTina - 421, 426. 430, 437 kAlIkumAra - 155 jitazatru - 146, 275, 334, jinakarUpa - 600, 612, 781 jinacandra- 336, 340, 611, 612,746, 754 jinadatta - 620, 621, 627, 631, 767 jinadAsa - 201, 247, 273, 351, 443, 535, 655, 656, 680, 682, 685 jinadAsI - 239 jinapati - 627 jinapAlita - 146, 712, 762, 763, 764, 765, 768 jinabhadragaNI - 608 jinabhatI - 67, 234, 236, 242, 243, 244, 245, jina rakSita - 146 jina ballabha - 627 jinavijaya- 51, 515, 712 jina sundara - 450 jina sena - 703, 806 726, 734, 740, 741, 742, 752, 753, 756, 762 jinendrabuddhi - 753 jinendra varNI- 633, 728, 736, 763 jinezvara - 627, 712 jIta - 508, jIta kalpa 686 jIvitasvAmI - 453, 454 jehila - 474 jugala kizora mukhtAra - 727, 736, 756, 761 jyUsa - 501 -- TuDi - 421 DAimeksa - 448 (2) (Ga)

Page #940
810 DimoDorasa - 427 DimiTriyasa - 484, 460, 467, 468, 46, 517, 628, 666 Dimita - 410 DiyoDorasa - 422 Deriyasa - 501 DhaMkagirI - 558 taMtra prajApati - 776 (8) tattAyariya - 713 tApasamuni - 582 tAmalI tApasa - 132 (ta) tArA - 160 tiSyagupta - 56, 54.1 tIsabhadda - 324 turamaya - 436 toraNAcArya - 766, 767 toramANa - 666 tolemAiyasa - 436 tosaliputra - 365, 576, 560, 561, 562, 564, 765 thAvaccAputra - 145 thiyosa - 436 trayanAga - 636, 640, 641, 642 tripuTI mahArAja - 286, 625 tripRSTha vAsudeva - 40, 127 triyAzaDisasa - 420 trairAzika - 463 trailokyasiMha - 376 (tha) (ba) dakSa - 474, dattadevI dadhivAhana - 775 - 666 darzaka -- 254, 264, 274 dazaratha - 481 dAkSiNya cinha - 712, 713 dANDekara - 616 dAmodara pravarasena - 647 dAmodara sena - 643, 666 dina - 473, 506, 536 divAkarasena - 643, 666 dizAkumAra - 134 dIhadda - 324 duHprasah - 150, 102, 183 durgAprasAdazAstrI - 547 durbalikA (puSyamitra ) - 364, 370, 473. 587, 565, 566, 566, 600 601, 602, 603, 620, 630 durmati puruSa - 151 'durlabhadeva - 627. duSyagalI - 472, 674, 675, 676, 377, 680, 681, 682, 683 684, 685 dharmA - 168, 166 deva - 185, 358, 475, 736 devakI - 665 devakoTTa - 341 devadatta - 257, 258 devanandI - 71, 764 devanAga - 640 devapAla - 526 devabhUti - 468 devaddha - 117, 136, 140, 179, 176, 471, 472, 550, 552, 644, 653, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 676, 680, 681, 682, 683, 685, 666, 687, 660, 662 devarSi - 526 devavarmA - 476 devavAcaka - 508, 586, 13, 660, 681

Page #941
devazarma - 536, 537 dharma - (prAcArya) - 381, 471, 412, devazarmA - 36, 37 473, 474, 535, 554, 644 devasena - 337, 340, 341, 344, 611, 682, 732 dharmaghoSa - 282 devAnanda - 133, 646, dharmacandra - 28, 29, 40, 43 devIcandraguptam - 667, 668, 666 dharmadAsagaNI- 624 devendrasUri - 681 dharmanAtha - 125 desIgaNI - 675, 682, dharmabhadra - 328 dramaka -458 dharmayaza - 282, 285, 286 drumasena - 732 dharmavatI - 66, 241 draupadI - 147, 160 dharmavarmana -637 dvIpakasiMha - 472, 586, 631, 644, dharmasAgara - 336, 364, 407, 622 648, 663 'dharmasena - 185, 475, 586, 700,701, dvIpakumAra - 134 725, 730, 737, 746 dIpAyana - 111 dharmAditya - 516 . dhAriNI- 155, 200,202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 206, 214, 221, dhanaMjaya -660 234, 244, 280, 281, 282, dhana (zreSThI) - 576, 577, 784 . 283, 285, 634, 775, 787, dhanagiri - 474, 536, 566, 567,568, 788, 786, 760 566, 570, 571 dhImatI-540 . dhanagupta - 467 dhruvadevI - 667, 668, 672, 66E dhanada -202 * dhruvasena - 185, 520, 662, 737, 746 dhanadeva - 278, 414, 415, 645 dhruvasvAminI- 668, 666 dhanananda - 377, 378, 418, 431, 432, dhRtisena - 685 433, 434,438 dhatiSeNa - 358, 586, 730, 731, dhanapatasiMha - 61, 63, 176, 177, 465 736, 746 dhanapAla-536, 566, 567, 752 dhanADhya -463 naMda - 250, 267, 268, 270, 271, dhanezvara -- 634 202, 273, 275, 277, 333, dha / / - 144 378, 376, 383, 385, 386, dhannA (sArthavAha) - 145, 155 387, 360, 361, 363, 364, dhammilla - 46, 51, 52 365, 396, 403, 411, 417, dharasena - 614, 702, 703, 707, 708, 418, 425, 428, 432, 437, 706, 710, 711, 715, 723, 726, 727, 728, 737, 738, 438, 436, 481, 547, 778 736, 742, 744, 747,751, naMdanabhadra - 324 752, 754, 762, 763, 768 naMdamaNikAra - 146

Page #942
812. naMdamatI - 154 naMdA - 154, 155 naMdi - 614, 730, 731 naMdinI pitA - 152 naMdi mitra - 154, 261, 315, 322, 586,736, 756 nandiyamapiya - 682. nandila - 535, 550, 551, 552, 554, 631, 683, 755 nandivardhana - 250, 254, 273, 274, 275, 277, 278, 276, 377, 376, 503, nandI - 136, 166, 184 nadISeNa - 165 nakSatra ( prAcArya) 732 . nabhasenA - 206 nabhovAhana - 516,532 naminAtha - 125, 128 narasiMha gupta - 660, 666 narendrasena - 644, 673 navanAga - 638, 640 nahapAna -- 604, 607 nAga 358, 463, 474, 730, 746 nAga kumAra - 134 - - 185, 474, 475, nAgadata 186, 373, 551, 661 nAgamitra - 463 nAgasena - 185, 468, 586, 628, 640, 660, 661, 731, 736 nAgahastI - 315, 472, 473, 134, 135, 512, 553, 554, 155, 561, 162, 506, 367, 631. 632, 663, 724 nAga zrI - 147 nAgArjuna - 182, 472, 473, 558, 587, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 656, 665, 677, 676, 663, 718, 716 663, 664 681, 664, nAgilA - 186, 161, 162, 164 nAgendra - 350, 52, 556, 506, 620 631, 634, 637, 768 nAthUrAma - 616, 617, 755, 761 nAyanikA - 605 nAradaputra - 132 nAhar3a 516 nigrAkaMsa - 420 nikAnora - 516 nivRtti ( muni) - 620, 622, 768 nIlarAja - 660 nemicandra - 233, 616, 753 neminAtha - 153, 341 naMDrama - 421 paMDitadeva - 753 paMDubhadda - 324 paMdhaka muni - 145, pataMjali - 466, 460 pattalaka 64 padma - 582, 567, padmakumAra - 550 padmadatta - (4) 551 padmadhara - 347, 348, 346 padmanaMdI - 754, 762, 764 padmanAbha - 147 padmaratha - 166, 167, 168, 341 padmazrI - 206, 216, 218, 236, 243, 247,777 padmasenA - 206, 777 padmAvatI - 153, 160, 206, 660, 777 parazurAma - 277 paruNDa - 561 parNadatta - 667 paryupAsana - 357 parvataka - 432, 433, 434, 435, 436 palakka - 660

Page #943
. 813 3 banadenA-554 puSparatI-259 cAya (thim)-15 punagiri -73 puSyaniya-179, 477, 47, 19, . samU-185,760, 732, ONE 403, 405, 406,41. Yat, pAilI-780, 72 422, 463, 496, 497, 468, pATanI na- 262, 263 466, 507, 516, 565, 620, pAThaka (0)-757, 761 628, 626, 673, 674, 684, pAvaliptari- 365, 552, 555, 557, pRthvI-7 . 558, 556, 586, 655, 654 pRthvIpeNa- 641, 642, 643,.. pAlaka-5, 276, 280,431, 478, 644, 673 516, 787 'pRthvIsena - 674 pAnAva- 123, 126, 146, 246, poiNI- 475, 404, 781 256, 126, 551, 697, 770 pokhalI-133 pAsyakIti -- 617 poTisa-128, 147 'nava-61. poTTasAsa-562 puMgarIka-112, 148, 14 pompITropI-426 - m puSpamaha - 324 ponAka-651,678, 676 pupara-479,40, 481. paurava-410 puNya vijaya-181,4,473, 655 pratibukha-518 . 664, 685, 719 pratimAmA-596 puSpamityu-171 pradhumna-145 puralupta-665, 618, 669 prayotana-633, 634, purImbana- 6.4 prabhava-57, 177, 200, 215, 216, 216, 222, 223, 230, 235, purNamitrA-44 247, 248, 286, 261, 262, punindaka- 48 294, 265, 217, 298, 266, pulumAyI-604 3.0, 304, 306, 307, 310, pumomAvi-6.6 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, puSkamI-133 316, 378, 471, 472, 473, puSpaDUna-260, 256 586, 778 puSpamA-260,261 pramApandra -528, 572, 576, 766,767 puSpadaMta - 233, 7.1,703,707,708, prabhAvaka-621 706, 711, 714, 722, 726, prabhAvatI- 641, 643, 647, 662, 727, 728, 734, 742, 744, 747, 751, 752, 753, 754, 666, 670 762, 774 prabhAsa-6, 24, 27, 32, 58 .puSpamandi-766, 767 pravacanAdevI - 170

Page #944
514 pravarasena - 641, 642, 643, 644 prasannacandra - 188, 200, 202 prasenajita - 246, 254, 255, 275 praznasena- 34 plUTArka-437, 438 prArjuna - 661 propThila - 185, 358, 586, 730, 736, 736, 746 bAhadaya - 488 bAlacandra - 757, 760, 767 bAlhIka - 468 bAhuka - 252, 500 bindumAra - 246, 250, 251, 254, . 256, 274, 275, 345, 440, 447, 448, 446, 450, 451, 457, 476, 480, 481,482 yuddha - 5, 276, 451, 487, 770, 772 phatehacaMda - 714, 755 buddhagupta - 666 . phalgumitra - 473, 682 . buddhimAna - 731 phalgurakSita - 365, 590 563, 596, buddhila-185, 358, 586, 730, 746 596, 763, 765; 766 / buddhiliMga - 736 / phAhiyAna - 504 . buddhisAgara - 627 philADelphosa - 436 brahmagaNI- 465 philipa - 416, 501 phulla-555 phreMkalinaejarTana - 546 bhagavAnalAla-667 (ba) bhadadattA - 386 bhaddilA - 46, 51 baMgara -637 bhadra - 474, 468 banarAja - 627 barakamArisa - 666, 670 bhadragupta - 365, 381, 471, 472, 473, 535, 551, 552, 554, 561, bahinanAga - 636, 640 576,562,563 baladeva - 153, 704 bhadranandi - 165 balabhadra - 416, 417 bhadrabAhu - 47, 83, 65, 177, 182, balamitra - 511, 512, 513, 515, 516, 184, 185, 278, 276, 286, 517, 516, 520, 530, 541, 261, 315, 321, 322, 323, 544, 606 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, balavarmA - 661 balathI - 562 326, 330, 331, 332, 333, balAkapiccha - 753 334, 335, 336, 337, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346, 347, limmaha - 463, 471, 472, 474, 475, 476. 477, 476, 482, 484, 348, 346, 251, 352, 353, 461, 462, 463, 464, 467, 355, 357, 358, 356, 360, 685, 780,781, 782 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, bahala - 474 366, 367, 368, 366, 370, vAraNa - 547, 640 668 371, 372, 373, 34, 375,

Page #945
376, 377, 378, 380, 383, bhImarAjA- 558 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, bhImasena - 376 408, 406, 413, 444, 452, bhuvanamuni - 530, 531 466, 471, 472, 586, 611, bhUtadinna - 472, 473, 587, 663, 664, 700, 723, 725, 726, 727, 665, 672, 681, 683, 692, . 730, 731, 736, 737, 746. 663, 755 754,.756, 764, 765, 780 bhUtadinnA - 324, 384, 402, 780 bhadrA-460, 461, 462 bhUtanandI- 637 bhadrezvara - 30, 31, 36, 506, 651. bhUtapati -711 bharata- 125 bhUtabali -703, 707, 708, 706, 711, 723, 726, 727, 728, bharata khaNDa-2 737, 742, 744, 747, 751, bharatacakravartI - 30, 127 752, 753, 754, 762 bharatabakrI- 126 bhUtavAda - 111 bharatasena - 341 bhUtA - 384, 386, 402, 780 bhartRhari - 400, 540, 541, 542, 670 bhUyA - 324 . bhava (muni)- 315 bhRgukaccha - 515, 541 bhavadatta - 66, 67, 186, 161, 194 / bhogina - 637 bhavadAta-637 / bhavadeva - 66, 67, 186, 160, 191, 195, 167, 241 mana- 315, 534, 724 bhavanAga - 636, 640, 641, 643 maMkhu-553, 554, 555 bhavasAgara - 686 . maMgU - 366, 471, 510, 532, 533, bhAilla-516 534, 535, 538, 550, 553, bhAgineya -515 632, 755 bhAnumitra-511, 512, . 513, 515, * maNDana -556 518, 516, 520, 541. maMDalika - 124 bhAnuzrI-517 maMDita - 6, 24, 27, 58, 278, 358 bhArazivagaja-643 maka-436 bhAvadeva - 241, 242 magama - 436 bhAskaradeva - 584 majUmadAra-252 bhikkhurAjA - 486 maNaka - 316, 317, 318, 316, 320, bhikkhurAya - 475, 4.77, 478, 476; 482, 484, 487, 468, 461, maNiprama -- 261, 282, 283, 284, 285, 467, 781 286, 760 bhikSurAja - 484 maNibhadda - 324 bhIma -540 maNiratna- 376 bhImanAga - 636, 640 maNilAla - 51, 52 321

Page #946
816 natila - 661 madra:- 667 mahuka - 134 maghumitra - 648, 651, malayagirI - 64, 108, 5.35, 650. 680, 685, 708. mallinAtha - 126, 145 mallIbhagavatI - 146 mahAkIti - 645 mahAgirI 381, 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 450, 455, 456, 457, 458, 460, 463, 465, 467, 468, 4:6, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 535, 565, 648, 663, 684, 68.5, 686, 774, 778, 776, 780 mahAdaNDaka - 704 mahAnanda - 250 mahAnandI - 254, 278 mahApadma - 117, 148, 241, 277, 278, 276 mahAmeghavAhana - 476, 476 mahAvIra - 1, 2, 6, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 26, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 46, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 56, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 66, 71, 60, 1, 104, 111, 113, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 138, 140, 144, 146, 150, 151, 152, 153, 170, 172, 173, 176, 185, 186, 187, 188, 200, 201. 203, 105, 207, 223, 225 226.227, 228, 22, 230, 332,238, 241, 246, 250 255, 278, 280, 284, 22, 312, 313, 314, 315, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 357, 258, 361, 368, 406, 413, 435, 436, 440, 451, 455. 467, 466, 451, 475, 476. 514, 515, 516, 545, 552, 574, 576, 586, 566, 603, 613, 625, 632, 657, 675, 60, 667, 707, 717, 718. 722, 726, 732, 752, 755, 766, 770, 772, 773, 777 761 mahAzataka - 151 mahAzilAkaSTaka- 232, 138, 172 mahIcandra - 42 mahIdhara - 752 mahendra - 451, 660, mahendrasiMha - 672. mahendrAditya- 542 mahezaprasAda - 546 mahezvaradatta - 165 307, 308, 306 mAghanaMdI - 614, 710, 711, 726, 727, 728, 737, 738, 742, 744, 747, 753 754, 757, 762, 763, 664, 765, 768, mANakamuni - 104 mANikacandra - 755 mAtila - 661, mAdraka - 661 mAnatuMga - 645 646 mAnadeva - 633. 634, 745 mAnadeva bhUri- 624 miDiTriyasa - 460

Page #947
muMda - 274 mitra zrI-56 pakSA- 328, 30, 306, 402, 4.9, milinda -468 .. 410,41,42, 778, 776, mInANDara - 467, 517 yajJadatta-380 mukunda -523,524 yajJadattA-582, 553, 594 munisuvrata - 125 pAzrI-604 muruNDarAja- 556, 556, 560, 561, yati pRSabha - 315, 534, 553, 154, 661, 773, 761, 762, 793, 151, 631, 724 mRgAMka - 235, 337, 238, 240 yayAti - 487,488 mRgAputra- 164 yazanandI-637 . bhRgAlodA-- 164 yazapAla-74 yazodharA-165 mRgAvatI-775, 776 megasthanIja- 264, 420, 430, 437, 13. 137 yazodAhu-730, 750 / yazobhadra -185, 286, 261, 316, 320, meSakumAra -- 143, 144 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, meghagaNI- 464, 476 327, 326, 334, 355, 378, meSamuni - 144 464, 468, 471, 472, 473, megharapa - 648 586, 725, 726, 727, 730, metArya - 6, 24, 27, 32, 58, 617 737,750, 778, meneNDara - 628, 626, 667 yazovarmA-668 merutuMga - 472, 496, 514, 516, 532, yUkeTAiDIja-468, 517 542, 646, 663, 685, 718 yoya - 661 merudhIra-752 makakiMDala-421, 422 raMgikA-41, 43 meNA - 384 rakSita - 364, 365, 366, 370, 465, mogA-626 472, 473, 535, 552, 554, mosa-626 561, 576, 587, 586, 560, mohanalAla --51 561, 562, 563, 594, 565, mohammada -548 566, 568, 600, 602, 613, maunibhaTTAraka-341 613, 620, 633, 676, 763, mauryaputra - 6, 24, 27, 58, 126, 127, 764, 765, 766 278, 358 ranakIti- 347 ralacUla - 235, 237, 238, 240 yakSadattA - 386 ratnanandI- 344, 347, 612, 615 yAdinA - 34, 386, 402, 780 ralaprabhasUri-194, 204, 222, 294, yakSadeva-380 301,306, 376, 38. yamadeva sUri-38. rakha (pA)-473, 582, 597, 568

Page #948
818 ratha mUsala - 132, 138, 172 rapsana - 546 raghu - 27, 43, 50, 345, 346 ramvala - 666 rAjamalla - 65, 67, 68, 233, 234, 235, 240, 241, 242, 247, 315 rAjazekhara - 327, 334, 526, 528, 615, 666 rAjula - 626 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI - 440, 635, 636, 636, 647 rAmakRSNa 546 rAmagupta - 666, 666, 670, 671 rAmacandra - 637 rAmabaladeva - 124 ww rAmalya - 352, 353, 354, 356 507 rAmilla - 342, 343, 344, 346, 612 rAvaraNa rASTravardhana- 277, 280, 787, 788, 786,760 rukmiNI - 145, 160, 576, 577, 178, 784, 785, 786, 787 rukmI- 252 - rudradAmA - 606 rudradeva - 661 rudrasiMha - 668, 671 rudrasena - 636, 640, 641, 642, 643, 647, 666 idrasenA - 648 rudrasomA - 560, 7e3, 764, 766 rUpazrI - 236 revatI - 151, 191 revatIgAthApatnI - 65 revatI nakSatra - 472, 586, 560, 628, 630, 631, 634, 637, 644, 648 revatImitra - 351, 473 531, 532 535, 587 586, 637, 644, 663 reNA ziSyA - 324, 384, 386, 402, 780 rohaka - 132 rohagupta 116, 463, 465, 475, 563, 565, 562 rohaNa - 464 rohiNI - 160 (la) lakulIza - 636 lalitA - 268 lakSmIdevI - 384, 385, 403 lepagAthApati - 113 lokapAla - 612 lokamuni - 144 lohArya 65, 185, 358, 674, 702, 710, 725, 726, 727, 728, 726, 730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 737, 736, 740, 741 742, 744, 747, 748, 750, 754, 755, 762 lohitya - 472, 674, 676, 681, 682 (ba) vajra - 47, 365, 381, 465, 472, 473, 535, 536, 537, 554, 561, 570, 571, 572, 583, 584, 562, 513, 565, 567, - 568, 616, 648, 662, 774, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 765 vajrakumAra - 584, 585 vajradatta 165 vajradanta 66, 241 vAmitra - 468

Page #949
vajramuni - 573, 574, 575, 576, 582 vAziSka - 638 vajrazUci - 635 vAsukI- 186 vajrasena - 473, 553, 576, 587, 567, vAsudeva - 638, 704 . 568, 616, 620, 621, 622, vAsupUjya-126 623, 631, 663, 767, 768 vajrasenasUri - 582 vikrama- 337, 514, 515, 516, 517, vajrasvAmI -66, 364, 365, 371, 525, 526, 536, 540, 541, 473, 551, 552, 566, 577, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 578, 576, 580, 581, 560, 547, 548, 546, 550, 586, 608,646 604, 605, 606, 607, 611, var3harAjA - 486 636, 647, 670, 671 vatsa-248 vikramasena - 586 vanamAlA - 117 vigatabhayA - 282, 760, 761 nayaraseraNa-663 vijaya - 126, 185, 586, 604, 730, varadatta - 550 736, 746 vararuci - 385, 386, 387, 388, 386, vijayacora-144 360, 365, 366, 402, 778 vijayavatI-282, 76. varAhamihira - 326, 330, 331, 332, vijayavarmA-526, 555 333, 334, 335, 336, 358, vijayazrI-206, 777 372, 374, 375, 377 vijayasena -731 varuNanAga - 132 vijayA- 278 varddha mAna kumAra - 246 varddhamAna bhagavAn - 660 vidyAdevI - 142, 170 vasu - 56, 60, 467 vidyAdhara - 620, 621, 622, 768 vasudeva - 153, 752 vidyAnanda-71 vasudhArA - 197 vidyutkumAra - 126, 134 vasupAlita - 206 viguccora - 227, 235, 238, 243, vasubhUti -7, 445, 446 244, 245, 246, 247, 315, vasumitra - 468, 626 vidyutprabha - 236 vasuSeNa - 206 vidyutrAja - 236 vastupuSyamitra -565, 566, 596 vidyunmatI- 160 vahasati mitta - 462, vidyunmAlI-188, 186, 200, 201, vAmana - 656 204, 206, 225, 242 vAyukumAra - 134 vinayadhara - 702, 703, 710, 726, vAyubhUti -7, 6, 24, 27, 41, 43, 53, 737, 736, 740, 741, 742, 744, 748, 750, 754,763 vArisAra- 481 vinaya zrI- 236 vAdidatta - 242, 243 vinIta-752

Page #950
820 . vindhya - 292, 596, 596, 600, 6.1 vRddhadeva - 613 602, 637, 660 vRddhadeva mUri- 624 vindhyaka- 640 vRddhavAdI-523, 524, 525, 526, 527 vindhyazakti - 640, 641, 643, 644 . vRhapa - 477, 476, 480, 481, 482, vindhyasena - 644 vimalanAtha - 126 bRhaspatinAga - 640 vimalaprasAda - 236 veNa (ziSyA)- 324, 386, 402, 536, vimalamatI-236 - 780 vimalasena - 337, 344 vema kaiDaphAisisa - 630, 634 bI0 pI0 jaina - 233 varasiMha - 510 vIra - 65, 67, 68, 233, 235, 236, roTyAdevI - 142, 170, 550, 551, 237, 238, 340,752 vIramatI-206, 777 vaiSamaNa - 202 vIra viracitaM -233 vyakta-6, 24, 27, 46, 53, 58, 68 vIrasUri - 646 vyAghra -660 vIrasena - 233 553, 638, 640, 708, vyAghranAga - 640 706, 714, 726, 756 vilAsavatI-238 zaMkarAyaM-668 vizAkha - 18, 185, 342, 343,. .352, zaMkha- 133 355, 356, 586, 611, 730 zakaTAra - 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 736, 746 368, 386, 360, 361, 362, vizAkhadatta -- 667, 731 363, 365 vizAkhamuni - 347 zakaDAla - 333, 383, 384, 365, vizAla gupta - 665 402, 411,417, 778 vizAlAkSI- 41, 42 zakarAja 512, 661, 667, 668, 666 vizvalocana - 41 zakaparNa- 253 viSNu - 235, 314, 316, 358, 474, zatajita - 487 586, 671, 662, 730, 731, zatadhanuSa - 476 746 zatadhanvA - 481 . viSNukumAra - 184 zatAnIka -281 viSNugopa - 660 zatAyudha - 268 viSNunandi - 261, 315, 316 zayyaMbhava - 104, 286, 261, 313, viSNumuni --180 314, 316, 317, 318, 316, viSNu zruta kevalI-736 320, 321, 322, 328, 378, buDr3hakara - 530 471, 472, 473, 664, 778 vRddha - 474 zayyAlara- 121, 522 buDakara-530 zarmagupta- 668

Page #951
636 - zazi gupta 502 zIlAMkAcArya - 75, 76, 83, 12, 107, zAMDilya - 27, 42, 43, 381, 471, 175, 176, 362 zIlAcArya - 82 474, 718 zAnti- 170, 337: 338, 336, 340, zuka-144 341, 362, 364, 366, 367, zukadeva - 145 zubhazIlagaNI - 541 zAntinAtha - 126,127, 506, 667 zeSa-637 zAnti zreNika - 465, 582 zobhanarAya - 286, 483, 404, 487, 488 zAnti sUri - 361, 676, 680 zyAma-381 zAnti sena - 740 zyAmAcArya- 464, 471, 473, 475, . zAkaTAyana - 617 494,465, 496, 508, 707, zAnTiyara-548 708, 712, 714, 715, 716, zAlivAhana - 550, 603, 604, 630 717,718, 719, 720, 721, zAlizUka - 476, 481 722, 723 zAhAnuzAhi - 661 zyAmA - 165 ziva - 636 zramaNadatta - 206 zivakumAra -66, 195, 197, 198, zrIkalaza-616 166, 241, 757, 756, 760, zrIgupta - 381, 465, 473, 561, 562, 563, 565, 641, 642, 647, zivakoTi - 627, 753 668, 669 zivagupta -741, 748, 750 zrIdatta -710,737,736, 741 zivadatta -710, 737, 736, 741 zrIpAThaka-767 zivanandI-637 . zrImaMdara-756, 776 zivabhUti - 474, 606, 610, 120 zrImatI-540 zivamRgezavarma-757, 767 zrIrAma - 536 zivarAja- 133 zrIyaka- 384, 390, 361, 392, 363, zivazrI-604 395, 402, 410, 417, 778, 776 zivaskanda -604, 757, 761, 760, zrISeNa - 246 ziva svAti-604 zivAyaM-617 zrutakIti-753 zizuka-562 zrutadevatA- 170 zizunandI-637 zrutadevI-142 zizunAka - 253, 254 zrutamuni-753 zreNika-41, 14, 155, 188, 200, zizunAva-251, 252, 254 201, 202, 204, 225, 226, zizupAla-252 227, 235, 237, 238, 240, zItalanApa- 126, 127 246, 27, 246, 250, 251, khImagaraNasari- 627 .253, 254, 265, 275 -

Page #952
833 zreyAMzanAtha - 126, 127 (ba) pAMDilya - 508, 506, 682, 684 (sa) saMgata - 481 saMghapAlita - 474 saMghamitrA - 451 saMDilla - 675 saMdhIraNa - 258 saMpalitabhadra - 475 saMprati - 345, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 456, 460, 470, 476, 450, 481, 452, 462, 503, 541 saMbhUtavijaya - 286, 291, 322, 323, 324, 325, 328, 329, 336, 378, 366, 367, 400, 402, 403, 405, 412, 471, 473, 586 saMbhUtivijaya - 365, 472, 778, 780 saMbhUtizramaraNa - 180 saMvara - 246 sakalakIrti - 22 sagara - 126, 252, 243, 400 saccikAdevI - 380. satyamitra - 176, 587, 661, 663 siMha - 671 saddAlaputta - 151 sanatkumAra 66 samantabhadra - 727, 736, 753, 756 samita - 536, 566, 566, 571, 646 samitasUri - 365, 537, 5.38 samudra - 366, 471, 506, 510, 532, 746, 755 samudragupta - 636, 642, 643, 657662, 665-667, 670 673, 668, 666 samudradatta - 206, 307, samudra priya - 206, 268 samudra vijaya - 145, 153 samudrazrI - 206, 216, 216, 777, 778 sarasvatI - 510 - 514, 606, 782, 783 sarvagupta - 752 sarvadevasUri- 624 sarva nandi - 45 sarva sena - 644 sarvArthasiddhi - 71 sahasramalla - 610 sAirIna - 436 sAgara - 521-523 sAgaracandra - 66, 241 sAgaradatta - 165 - 167, 202, 206, 236 sAtakarNa - 604 sAtakaraNa - 547, 548, 607 sAtavAhana - 518-520, 557, 603 sAmaMtabhadra - 624, 625, 632, 633 sAmaMtabhadrasUri - 623 sAlihIpitA - 152 sAvatthI - 133 siMha - 473, 474, 587, 631, 644646, 648, 655 siMhagirI - 365, 473, 536-538, 566, 568, 572- 576, 585, 616, 648, 783, 784 siMhasena - 165 siMhasUraSi - sikandara - 418 - 422, 430, 437, 438, 500- 503 - 44 siddhasena - 523-528 siddhAntadeva - 760 siddhArtha - 185, 358, 506, 730, 731, 736, 749 simuka - 604, 605 sItA - 160

Page #953
523 sImaMdhara svAmI- 410, 594, 465 sIvaMda-475, 484 sIhA- 65 sundara - 362, 604, 627 sundaravarmana - 667 sukAlI-154 sujyeSThA - 250, 251 sudarzana - 133 sudarzanA -776 sudharmasvAmI - 130, 731, 736 sudharmA - 3, 5, 8, 9, 24, 27, 29, 32, 33, 44, 45, 47-65, 67-72, 105, 128-130, 171, 173, 177, 203, 204, 207-206, 215, 223-226, 228-230 232-234, 238, 242, 247, 246, 276, 280, 286, 264, 312, 323, 455, 468, 471473, 476, 484, 466,585, 608, 623, 632, 683, 717721, 746, 774, 777, 778, 787 sunandA-536, 566-570, 552, 784, supAzvanAtha - 127 supuSpa - 657 supatibadasUri - 464, 475-477, 463, 464, 5.06, 685, 781 supratiSTha - 65-68, 241, 242 suprabhA-247, 342 subandhu-48-450, 547 . subAhu-16 subuddhi-146 subhadrA-37, 160, 725-727, 730, 732, 750 sumAlya - 277 . sumiNabhadda - 324 mumitrAcArya - 583, 585 'suyazA - 481 surasundarI-510 surAdeva-150 surUpA - 160. sulocanA 286, 484 suvarNagulikA - 160 suvidhinAya - 126, 127 suvizAlagupta - 663 suvratA - 223, 654, 774, 777 sugheNA -777 . suSeNA - 206 susthita (prAcArya) - 186, 160, 464, 473, 475-477, 484, 463, 494, 685, 718, 751, 752 . suhastI - 47, 366, 381, 440-446, 450, 453-457, 460, 461, 465, 468-473, 475-477 463, 506, 506, 532, 535, 536, 582, 608, 648, 683 686, 692, 774, 778, 776 seMDrokoTTasa- 421, 426, 437, 438 / seUlla-mokUla - 548 seNA-324, 384,402,780 senaprazna - 34 senA-777 selaka- 145, 475, 484 selyUkasa - 421, 422, 438, 446, 48 somagaNI-465 somadatta -380 somadeva-536, 542, 546, 582-585, 590,561, 763 somaratha - 648 . somazamAM - 341, 347, 348, 481 soma zrI-341, 347, 348 somila- 6, 10, 31, 50, 53, 134 saudharmakumAra - 66, 67, 241, 242 saudharma muni - 66

Page #954
524 saudharmendra -465 homya darzanA-542 hanumAna-507 skaNdaka- 132 hayanAga-636, 64. skandagupta - 662, 666, 673, 674, harieMgameSI-676 663-666 haribhadra - 273, 405, 535, 616, 618, skandanAga - 640 626, 680, 708, 712-714, skandila - 117, 181, 182, 472, 473, 716,718, 720, 774 523, 524, 531, 532, 64, hariSeNa - 127, 128, 341, 344,582, 645, 648,-656, 664, 677, 611, 640, 642-64, 656676, 681, 686, 692, 718, 716 haramana jaikobI - 66, 67, 356 skandilI vAcanA-681,718 harSa - 645 sTenakona-545 haladhara-752 stanitakumAra - 134 hastitApasa-113 sthaMDilA-42, 43 hastI- 474 syUlabhadra - 176, 324, 325, 328, hastImala- 169 342-344, 346, 352-354, hastIvarmana- 660 356, 363, 364, 371, 377, hAla (rAjA)-546 378, 381, 383, 384, 363- himavaMta - 472, 653-655 369, 402, 404, 407-415, himavAna - 655, 656 417, 435, 440-444, 446, hIrAlAla-714, 716, 721, 723, 455, 468, 471-473, 611, 725,-726, 736, 743, 745, 612, 685, 775-780 . 747, 755, 768 sthUla vRddha - 342-344 huenatsAMga-504 sthUlAcArya- 342, 346, 347, 352- hemacandra - 24, 34, 108, 225, 226, .. 354, 356, 357, 611, 612 250, 251, 262, 273, 358, svayaM prabhasUri-376 359, 361, 374, 413, 423, svarNakumAra-134 428, 435, 436, 4, 457, svAti -- 471, 463, 464, 466 462, 678, 733, 734,774

Page #955
125 (kha) prAma, nagara, prAnta, sthAnAdi ikSudhara - 568 ikSuvATikA - 561, 562, 765 ilAhAbAda - 636-641, 643, 658 IrAka - 666 IrAna - 438, 436, 500-503, 605, 606, 626, 334, 635 aMga-12, 246, 305 aMtaraMjikA - 562 pracalapura-536, 537, 644 prajantA-640 ajamera-633 bhaNahilapura-627 prapApA nagara-8 aphagAnistAna - 561, 606, 626, 630, 647 amarakaMkA-147 ayodhyA- 252, 500, 658, 668 parava-548, 546, 670 paravelA-501 parjunAyana - 640 pralavarabhaMDAra - 204, 208 pravantI - 5, 12, 41, 42, 248, 267, 276, 280, 342, 346, 351, 353, 355, 376, 435, 4, 452, 481, 525, 536, 538.. 541, 544, 566, 575, 605, 606, 787, 760 avamuktapradeza-660 azokavanikA - 150 azokobAna- 363 azokavATa -738 AsmigrAma - 133 mahamadAbAda -1, 627 mahichatranagara - 583, 660 ujjayinI -- 265, 267, 276, 280, 281, 283, 285, 286, 337, 340, 342, 346, 346, 352, 353, 453, 454, 458, 460, 476-481, 511-515, 517, 518, 521, 522, 536, 541, 546, 546, 550, 562, 6.6, .612,626 ur3IsA - 483, 545 uttarapradeza - 578, 627, 736, 638,. uttaramathurA - 257, 258 udayagiri - 483, 671 upakezanagara - 376, 380 urjayanta (giranAra) - 341 ulUgAtIra nadI - 467 RjukUlA nadI - 28 epirasanagara - 440 eziyA - 618 airavata kSetra - 128 mAnandoghAna - 10, 53 mAndhra -517, 605, 674 prAbhIra -661 mAmakalpAnagarI- 56 . mAlaMbhikAnagarI- 133 prAsAma - 661, 646. oMkArapura - 558 prokAja-makkA - 540 prosiyAM - 376, 3..

Page #956
kaMkAlITIlA - 755. kaMdhAra - 446 kanakapura - 286 kaniSkapura - 635 kata pura - 661 karnATaka -605, 616 kaliMga - 248, 286, 376, 450, 478, 476, 482, 483, 486, 660, 782 kahoma -667 kAMcanakA - 642, 643. kAMcI - 660 kAkaMdInagara - 476 kAka (gaNarAjya) - 661 kAkiNI (rAjya) - 458 kAgavAr3A - 616 kAThiyAvAr3a - 628, 635 kAntipurI - 637-636 kAbula - 418, 446, 561, 636 kAmarUpa -661 kAlIsindhu - 468, 626 kAzagarapradeza .. 635 kAzIdeza - 41, 246, 254 kAzmIra - 418, 635, 636, 646 kAspiyanasAgara - 501 kuMkaNa (koMkaraNa) - 276 kuMDa kundapura - 754, 762. kuDalavana - 635 kuntalapradeza - 674 kumAragiriparvata-475-476,483, 484 kumArIpavaMta -782 kurIzvara - 711 kuzasthalI nadI - 66. kuzyalapura - 660 kuSANa sAmrAjya - 636, 637 phaTAgArazAlA -771 kUrmArapura - 526 . kRSNA nadI - 536, 537 kerala - 237, 238 koMkaNa - 605, 674 koMgariNapradeza - 768 koTipura - 341 koTi varSa nagara - 444 koTTapura - 347, 348 koTUrA - 660 koraMTAnagara - 376 kaulerajhIla - 660 kollAga grAma - 48 kollumAgrAma - 46 kollAgasaniveza - 51, 52, 150 kozala - 660, 674 kozalA nagarI - 555 kosama-pabhosA-491 koNDakunda - 752, 762 kauzala rAjya - 246, 660 kauzala grAma - 523 kauzAmbI - 248, 246, 267, 280 286, 376, 454, 455, 642, 658-660, 789 kozikI nadI - 46 kSaprA nadI - 342 kSiti pratiSThita nagara - 249 khaNDakesara -738 khaNDa girI - 483 khariparikAdi gaNarAjya - 661 khotAna pradeza - 635 gaMgA- 46, 257, 261 263, 386-360, 658,438 gaMgA (taTa) - 256, gaMgAdirAI-437

Page #957
gaMjama - 660 gaMDaka - 46 gar3havA - 671 gayA 658 * gAjIpura - 666, 664 gAndhAra - 626, 630, 636, 63e giranAra - 347 giriguhA - 738 girivraja - 253, 255 - gujarAta - 604, 607, 635, 640, 671, 674 guDazastrapura - 530, 531 guNazIla (caitya ) - 36, 68, 207, 208 guNazIla ( udyAna ) - 56, 623 gurjarA - zilAlekha gobbara grAma 450 6 uu - gorakhapura - 617 gollapradeza - 423 govimaTha - 450 gohATI - 661 gvAliyara - 546 campAnagarI - 36, 37, 224- 226, 237, 246, 255, 256, 263, 305, 317, 775 caraNaka nagara citrakUTa - 526 cinAva - 416 cInI turkistAna cInI sAmrAjya cedi deza 455 246, 423 - (212) - 635, 538 635 jambUdvIpa - 121, 123, 128, 201, 204, 221, 231, 562 jambhikA nagarI - 52 jRMbhaka grAma - 28 jayapura - 215, 235, 22, 24, 312 jarmana - 67 jUnAgar3ha - 663, 665-668 jUnAgar3ha kA zilAlekha - 666 jaina graMtha prakAzaka sabhA TarkI - 253 (jha) jhelama - 416, 437, 544 (z) . Daboka - 661 DavAka - 661 DhaMka - 654 - (3) (x) * 627 (ta) takSazilA - 418, 419, 428, 430, 448 502, 606, 626 taraMgavatI nadI - 558 tAmralipta nagara - 307 tilaMga deza 12 tuMgiyA - 132 tuMbavana grAma - 536, 566, 568, 783 turkistAna - 252, 638 (2) dazAzvamedha ghATa - dIpa udyAna - 606 duprAbA - 630, 634 deva kurukSetra - 123 devarASTra - 660 827 dazapura- 575, 576, 560, 561, 563 564, 568, 566, 602, 763 765 636 (gha) dhanagiri - 582, 583, 783 dhAtakI khaNDadvIpa - 126

Page #958
82 dhaulapura 543 piSTayapura-660 puNDarIkiNI-148, 195 . narmadA-673 puNDvarghana rAjya - 341, 347 nAgapura-637 puNDva rghanapura-738 nADola-634 punnATa - 342, 611 nAlandA- 66, 384,428, 426, 647, purikA - 637, 636, 640, 643 puruSapura-560,561, 634 nepAla-328, 365, 401, 405, 406, puSkalAvatI vijaya-165, 166 646, 657, 661 puSpabhadrA nagarI- 256, 26.1 nellora - 660 pUnA - 647, 662, 666 pUrNabhadra (catya) - 224 / pratiSThAnapura- 325, 330, 332, 334, paMcastUpa -738 335, 515, 518, 520, 532, paMjAba - 418, 54, 453, 607, 628 557,603, 604, - 630, 634, 640, 671 / prayAga-658 paulASADha (caitya)-415 prAya (catya) - 406 padmAvatI (nagara)- 637 prArjuna (rAjya)-661 palakkapradeza -660 prAsAI deza - 437 pAMcAla -460 pATaNa-627 phArasa deza -512 pATana-460 pATalI-257 pATalikagrAma - 45 baMga (deza)- 12, 246, 646, 671 pATalIputra- 8, 246, 257, 263 - bar3anagara - 662 270, 328, 333, 377, 378, bAlAghATa - 673 387, 388, 360, 401, 404- bAhnika - 671, 672 408, 415, 416, 424, 428, bihAra - 545, 637 431-433, 433, 435, 436, bundelakhaNDa - 637, 638, 642 438-440, 445, 447, 453, bebilona - 416, 436 478-462, 496, 460, 461, baikTriyA - 460, 467-466, 628 467, 466, 532, 556, 558, bailokha - 436 560, 576, 560, 657, 658, brahmagiri - 450 667, 784, 785, 787, 793, brahmadvIpaka - 537 764 brAhmaNa nagara - 42 pANDya rASTra - 45 pAvApurI - 36, 53, 227 / bhar3auca - 511, 513, 515, 557, 518, pArzvanAtha - 125, 128, 138

Page #959
529 v3.73 bharata kSetra - 1, 42, 128, 180, 200, .. 648-653, 656, 666, 671, 225, 231, 358, 465, 564, 672, 678, 695, 755 650, 730, 731 madra (pUrva paMjAba) - 637, 638 bhAdrapada (sthAna)-342 madhurA -711 bhAratavarSa-1, 2, 46, 115, 228, 248, madhyaesiyA-664 252, 264, 287, 347, 418, madhyadeza - 460, 612, 637, 638, 660 416, 421, 422, 428, 430, madhyamapAvA - 53, 62, 63 436-438, 444, 446-448 madhyamAnagarI - 31 451, 458, 456, 460, 467, mandasaura -543, 590, 568 466, 500, 502-504, 514, malayagiri - 362 / / 545, 546, 578, 604, 606, mahAkAla- 462 607, 615, 616, 628-630, mahAkAlezvara (maMdira)-528 635, 636, 636, 643, 646, mahAbodhi - 647 / 647, 656, 661, 662, 666- mahArASTra - 326, 605, 673 672, 674, 664, 696, 698 .. mahAvideha - 66, 152, 195, 410, 465 bhAratIya jJAnapITha - 582 mahimA nagara - 613, 711 bhAratIya vidyA-bhavana - 582 mahendra girI (rAjya) - 66. bhinnamAla - 376 -mahodyAna - 247 bhilasada - 672 mAMgiyA (parvata) - 580 bhuvanezvara - 483 mAdraka - 640, 661 bhUtaguhA - 562 mAdhyamikA- 626 bhRgukacchapura -530, 531, 558 mAnyakheTa -558 bhRgupura - 524, 525, 530, 531 mAlavA - 265, 351, 419, 540, 544, 572, 560, 635, 637, 638, 640, 661, 671, 674, 666 makadUniyA - 436 mAhezvarIpurI - 578 magaca - 7, 42, 66, 186, 202, 222, misra - 436, 501, 503 241, 240-251, 253-255, murzidAbAda - 647 263, 265, 268, 272-274, mRgazikhAvana - 647 277, 376, 384, 362, 365, mekala pradeza - 673 412, 418, 424, 431-433, meDhiyAgrAma - 65 437, 448, 452, 477, 478, meruparvata - 128, 412 481, 483, 485, 486, 463, meharolI - 671, 672, 674 . 467, 656-656, 661 maiM sIDoniyA - 501 magadhapura - 228 mathurA - 181, 247, 250, 257, 300, 303, 465, 485, 460, 533, yArakanda pradeza - 635 568, 566, 628, 626, 635, yUnAna - 420, 448, 500, 501, 503

Page #960
53. yorapa-462, 664 vindhya (vindhyapradeza vindhyAcala)- 215 . goSeya - 638,640, 661 . . 235, 262, 264, 635, 660, 674 vipulAcala- 41, 227, 234, 238 rala naMdI- 353 vizAkha -358 ratnapura-113 vizAkhAnagara-134 raNavIrapura-607, 606 viSNupada (parvata)- 671 rAjagRha-7,36, 41, 58, 56, 67, 68, . vItazokAnagarI-196, 197 70. 134, 146, 152, 171, vRSabhapura - 246 158, 200-206, 206, 207, vegI-66. 213,221, 224, 225, 228, 237, 238, 242, 24, 246, veNAnadI-538,711 246, 293, 313, 310, 416, vaMbhAragiri-203, 376, 417, 651 417, 466, 484, 410, barAvala pATaNa - 676 rAjapUtAnA-629, 637, 640 vaMzAlI - 46, 246, 252, 253, 271, rAjasthAna-544 286, 483, 647, 771 rAvI-502 vaMzAlI gaNarAjya- 250, 487 rIvAM- 637 laMkA - 274, 451, 507 lavaraNa samudra - 123, 220, 342 lATa deza - 12 zAlmalIgrAma - 766 zAlmalImahAdrumamUla - 738 zoripura -301 zyAlakoTa - 485 zradapura - 656 zravaNa velgola-755 zrAvastI - 414 zrI pratiSThAna nagara - 326 zvetAmbikA nagarI- 415 vatsakA nadI- 282, 285, 286 varTamAna (grAma)- 44, 66, 241, vallabhI - 182, 337, 338, 340 520, 611, 612, 615, 651, 652, 656, 675, 677-680, 687, 686, 662, vasantapura - 268 vArANasI - 253 - 256, 330, 634, . 635, 645 vAlhIka deza - 251, 672 vijayagApaTTama - 660 vidizA nagarI - 454 vidizA 637 videha pradeza - 48, 46, 148, 246, 756 - 776 saMvAhanapura -66, 241 sanakAnIka - 661 sarva-kAmapradAyIdraha - 217 sAMcI-286, 671 sAketa - 628, 658 sAranAtha - 451 siddharabastI- 764 sindhiyA morieNTala insTITyUTa - 546 sindhunadI - 418 -420, 634

Page #961
sindhupradeza - 342, 512, 541, 606, syAlakoTa - 628 612, 628, 626 svarNagiri- 633 siMhapura - 450 svarNabhUmi -522 siMhala-661 sugrAma - 188, 191 . sudarzana jhIla-697 haMsadIpa- 237, 138 sesadaviyA (udakzAla)- 113 harSapura-507 sona nadI -263 hastinApura - 235, 246 sonapura - 660 hASiguMphA 483, 486, 488, 486, 461, sopAraka nagara-583, 620, 623, 631, 467 767, 768 hAla-6.4 soraThapradeza - 337, 340, hindukuza-418 saurASTra - 604 607, 611, 615, 627, himAlaya -46 626, 668, 671, 676, 666 huviSka- 637, 630. . (ga) sUtra, pratyAdi anuttarovavAiya dazA .1 70, 154, aMgacUliyA (zruta) - 688 manuttarovavAiya dazAmo - 687 aMgapaNNatti - 73, 61, 65, 110, 154- anuyoga dvAra - 73, 178, 686, 762 157, 184, 235, 326, 357, anuyoga dvAra sUtra 1 552, 632, 678, aNuyoga dArAI / 687 aMgasaptika graMtha - 484 anuSaGgapAda - 658 aMguttaranikAya - 120 anekAkSarI - 556 aMtagaDadasANa -70 apApAvRhatkalpa - 520 aMtayaDadasA - 73. aMtakRtdazA - 152, 154, 156, 174, apRthaktvAnuyoga yAcanA - 565 178 abhidhAnacintAmariNa - 106 aMtakRta dazAMga - 688 abhidhAna rAjendra - 513 aMtagaDa sUtra - 153, 687 amoghavRti - 617 pranAyaraNI pUrva-26 avagrahaiSaNA nAmaka adhyayana - 10 agrAyaNIya pUrva -- 167, 175 prabandhyapUrva - 168, 175 atharva veda - 7, 46 avacUri - 378. adharma dvAra - 158 azokAvadAna - 274 adharma-sthAna - 160 aSTAMgadhara - 726 anagAra-prAbhUta TIkA - 617 anutaropapAtika dazAMga - 688 aSTAMganimitta - 738 anuttaropapAtika sUtra - 70, 73, 154, prastinAstipravAda pUrva - 26, 17, 175 * 155, 174, 178 praharorA ke zilAlekha - 450

Page #962
812 - 60, 360, 534 prAcarrakalpa dhAcAra prakalpa 60, 68, 66 - 101 mAcAra praNidhAna (pradhyayana ) - 321 prAcArata pradhyayana 113 prAcAra aMgAdi - 26, 55 (UIT) bhAcArAMgasUtra - 70, 73-75, 77, 76, 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 81 - 100, 102, - 107, 106, 110, 123, 124, 127, 170 - 172, 174, 177, 150, 102-184, 325, 333, 370, 526, 576, 562, 618, 634, 688, 701 prAcArAMga TIkA - 52 prAcArAMga pUrNa - 86 157 prAcArAMga niyukti - 75, 83-86, 12, 66, 101, 106 prAcAryabhASita adhyayana - prAura paccakkhANa - 687 zrAgama aSTottarI - 684 prAtura pratyAkhyAna 686 prAtmanindA bhAvanA 664 prAtmapravAdapUrva - 26, 167, 175 112 - - - prAdAna adhyayana - 184, 185 - zrAdi purANa - zrAptamImAMsA - 25 zrAvaddhika darzana - 568 prAthavisohi (zruti) - 687 prAyAro - 687 prArAdhanA - 449 ArAdhanAkathAkoSa - 446 ArdrakumAra ke adhyayana - 113 Avazyaka kathA 250 Avazyaka riNa - 23, 24, 26-34, 48, 56, 267, 273, 275, 283, 285, 327, 328, 358, 375, 377, 407, 408, 530, 531, 562, 572, 560, 606, 610, 613, 617, 616, 722, 787, 760, 761 dhAvazyaka niryukti - 7, 50, 53, 58, 56, 61, 62, 64, 68, 66, 246, 364, 365, 368, 370, 373, 564, 704 prAvazyaka malaya vRtti - 7, 15, 16, 30, 31, 65, 530, 571, 575577, 576, 567 prAvazyakamalaya giri vRtti - 565 prAvazyaka vRtti - 111, 267, 273 prAvazyakavRhad vRtti - 100 prAvazyaka sUtra - 178, 325, 686 mAvazyaka hAribhadvIyA - 246, 267, 273 prAvazyaka hAribhadrIyA TIkA 375 prAvazyaka hAribhadrIyAvRtti - 275 - 377 prAsIvisabhAvaNA ( zruta) - 688 prAhAra parijJA pradhyayana - 112 (i) invejana grApha iMDiyA bAI alekjeMDara - 421, 422 iliyaTa eNDa DaoNsana hisTrI grApha iNDiyA - 670 isibhA siyAI (zruti) - 688 isAvAsyopaniSad - 20 . (u) utkAlika zruta - 687 utpAdapUrva - 26, 167, 175. uttarapurANa - 184, 185, 227, 233, 238, 240, 315, 586, 701 724, 725, 726, 732, 734, 748,752, uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 17, 70, 125, 325, 361, 364, 366, 367, 510, 608, 618, 686

Page #963
uttarajjhayaNAI (zruta.) -688 kalyANavAda pUrva - 168 upakezagacchapaTTAvalI-376, 380, kalpa kiraNAvalI 516, 5.20 upadezapada - 405 kalpacaNi - 375,453, 454 upadezamAlA-doSaTTI vRtti - 188, 206, kalpabhASya - 366 kalpa vyavahAra - 617 upadhAna zruta - 75, 9 kalpa suroSikA -8, 13, 14, 38, 508 upasargahara stotra - 325 kalpa sUtra -5, 27, 324, 325, 372, upAsaka dasA sUtra - 35, 36, 73, 146 410,463, 516, 520, 662, ubasaggahara stotra - 333, 362, 372, 753,770 ____374, 152, 174, 177, 687, kalpasUtrasthavirAvalI - 61, 324, 42, 188 463, 464, 473-475, 565, ubavAiya (prAgama) - 136, 685 582, 567, 568, 644, 645, 648, 675, 676, 681-684, Rgveda - 7, 46 662. RSibhASita adhyayana - 157, 325 kalpAntarvAcyAni - 208 RSimaNDala stotra - 597 kalpAvataMsikA (upAMga)- 688 kalpikA-689 epiToma - 421, 426 kalyANaphalaviyAka - 34 eraNa kI prazasti - 665 kalyANa mandira stotra -526 kaSAyapAhar3a - 64, 534, 533, 555, poSa-niyukti - 361, 368, 686, 690 702, 723, 724 proSa (sUtra) - 366 kaSAya-prAmRta - 754 (pro) kahAvalI-30, 36, 37, 505, 506, propapAtika sUtra - 246, 688 513, 542, 651, 652 kArapasainskRpazanaM inDikeram - 672 kAlasaptikA sUtra - 516 . kathAsaritsAgara - 536, 542, 546, 547 kAlika sUtra - 134, 364, 366, 565 kappiyAkappiyaM (zruta) 687 kAlika zruta -- 644, 650, 678, 687 kappiyA-689 kAlika utkAlika mUtra-689 kappavarDasiyA (zruta) 688 kAvya mImAMsA - 668 . kammapaDi - 724 kAvyAlaMkAra - 656 karmagrantha - 681 kASThAsaMghasyagurvAvalI - 725, 733 karmagrantha svopajJa vRtti - 681 kitAbabulahina - 550 . karmaprakRtipada - 704 kundakunda prAbhata saMgraha -760, 761, 763 karma pravAdapUrva - 26, 1.67, 175, 600 kurala (graMtha).-761 karma vipAka - 125 kuvalayamAlA-712, 714 . karmaveda banSa pada -704 kevalI-bhukti - 65, 617 (mo)

Page #964
834. kemija hisTrI - 416, 546 komalaprazna adhyayana - 157 kaumudImahotsava nATaka -666 kriyAvizAlapUrva - 26, 168, 175 / kriyAsthAna adhyAya - 122 kSullakAcAra- 321 caupanna mahApurisa pariyaM - 11, 17, 18 catuzzaraNaprakIrNaka - 689 caraNavihi - 687 cullakappasuyaM-687 chinnachedanaya - 687 chedasUtra - 358, 356, 617 khAtodaka-adhyayana- 146 khAravela kA zilAlekha-483 khuNiyAvimAraNa pavibhattI- 689 suzAlapaTTAvalI - 536 jambU caritra - 204, 206, 215, 222, 228, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 240, 294, 301, 306, gaNDikAnuyoga - 166 jambUdvIpapaNNattI- 688, 724, 734, gandha hastI ke vivaraNa ko TIkA-529 748, 766 gacchAcAra painnA 327, 329, 333, 362 jambU svAmI caritam - 65-67, 160, gaNagharavAda ko TIkA - 20 194, 233, 235, 236, 240, garaNahara sattarI-62 242, 247, 248 gariNapiTaka (sUtra)- 66, 128, 142, jaranala mApha dI bihAra eNDa uDIsA risarca - 170 sosAiTI - 250 gaNivijjA (zruti) - 687 jaya dhavalA - 72, 61, 110, 534, 535, gaNividyA - 686 553, 554, 702, 714, 724, gallovavAe - 688 725, 748, 752, 756 gargasaMhitA- 264, 274 jItamaryAdA - 508 gArgI saMhitA-460 jIvAbhigama - 136, 687, 688 gAthAsaptazatI-545, 546 . jana itihAsa kI pAMDulipi 633 gurvAvalI-362, 598 jaina graMtha praura graMthakAra - 714 gurupaTTAvalI-323, 336 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa -166 gommaTasAra -73, 61, 233 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama bhAga - goviMda niyukti - 663 34, 37, 136, 255, 280, gautama caritra - 28, 40, 41 488, 770, 775 jaina dharma no prAcIna saMkSipta itihAsa -51 candra pradhyayana-146 candraM gaccha - 76E candra prajJapti - 330, 688 caMdavijjaya - 687 jaina paraMparA no itihAsa - 286, 623 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 -755, 756, 766, 768 jana sAhitya aura itihAsa - 616, 617

Page #965
jaina siddhAnta bhAskara - bhAga 1 - 725 jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka - 51, 500, 621, 715, 357, 633, 726 jainendra siddhAnta koSa - 357, 614, 633, 728, 729, 740, 755, 763 jJAtA dharma kathA - } gAyA dhamma kahA 144, 174, 177, 226, 688 (jha) jhAraNavibhattI - 657 (ta) taMdulaveyAliya - 687 tatvArthazlokavArtika - 71 jJAna pravAda pUrva- 26, 167, 175 jyotiSa karaNDaka - 651, 689, 652 - 56, 70, 73, 5, 105, 143, tatvArthasUtra - 25, 493, 494 tapAgaccha paTTAvalI - 51, 231, 323, 336, 364, 506, 531, 407, 456, 463, 622-624, 646, 715 tapAgacchavRddha paTTAvalI - 51, 180 taraMgavatI ( kAvya ) - 557 tAtparyavRtti - 758 titvogAlIpanA - 5, 68, 176, 181 - 184, 327, 328, 360, 361, 375, 377, 405-407, 412, 413, 435, 436, 516, 660, 661,700 tiloyapaNatI - 5, 35, 64, 184, 185, 232, 236, 517, 555, 701, 724, 725, 731, 734, 735, 741, 748, 752 147 - tetalIputra pradhyayana tripadI ( sUtra ) - 722trilokasAra - 117 835 triSaSTizalAkA puruSa- caritra - 6, 24, 26, 29, 108, 250, 436 dadura pradhyayana 146 darzana zuddhi saTIka - 533 (2) darzanasAra - 337, 344, 616 darzanaprAbhRta kI TIkA - 618 dazavaikAlika sUtra - 1, 70, 104, 106, 178, 316, 320, 325, 617. 668, 687, 686 dazAzruta skaMdha - 150, 325, 326, 360, 363, 366, 372, 374, 514, 520, 666, 686 diTThivAya - 166, 687 divyAvadAna - 485, 461 dI guptA empAyara - 635, 636, 642, 647 dI jaranala grApha dI ghorisA bihAra risarca sosAyaTI - 251 dI hindU hisTrI grApha iNDiyA - 251 dIpa vaMza (graMtha) - 448 dIpAlikA kalpa dIrghanikAya - 274 450 dIvasAgara paNatI - 688 duHkha vipAka - 71, 164 duSSamA zramaNa saMgha stotra - 378, 441 dRSTivAda - 70, 73, 17, 106, 166, 166, 174, 175 178, 406, 57, 511, 565, 703, 707, 721, 730, 715, devIcandra guptam (nATaka) - 667, 661 devindathana - 687, 686 paTTI - 301, 329 dravazrutAdhikAra sUtra - 678 pramyadyuta - 678 imyAnuyoga - 494, 495 ---

Page #966
636 nandI hAribhadrIyA vRti :- 26, 680 dhannAsArthavAha ke adhyayana - 144 nakulI vidyA - 563 dharaNovavAe - 688. nayaSTi - 566 dharma adhyayana - 111 naraka vibhakti-111 dharma prakaraNa - 101 nalinI gulma adhyayana - 460-462 dharma saMgraha 120 nava brahmacarya -75, 62, 63 65, 66, dharmopadeza mAlA - 681 103, 125 dhavalA-70, 61, 65, 110, 154, 157, nAgapariyAvaliyAmo-658 nAgArjunIyAvAcanA - 678 233, 613, 701, 702, 708, nATyadarpaNa - 667, 668 706, 723, 728, 730, 731, nAyAdhamma kaharamo-71, 143, 226, 734, 741, 748, 751, 752, 230, 687 756, 763 nAlaMdIya adhyayana - 113, 115 nirayAvalikA sUtra - 60, 623, 689 naMdi prAmnAya kI paTTAvalI - 735 nirvANa kalikA -558 naMdi cUrNi- 63, 167, 166, 181,44, nizItha - 60, 66-103, 106, 106, 653, 655, 680,685 325, 360, 372, 375, 43, 444, 455, 457, 510, 112 naMdIphala adhyayana - 147 naMdI bAlAvadoSa - 176 513, 515, 517, 516, 530, 532, 533, 538, 556, 663, naMdI malayavRtti - 108, 157 678, 688, 686, 761 naMdI vRtti - 174, 473 nizISa bhASya - 456 naMdI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI-701,726, nizIpamASya pUriNa- 455 nItizAstra - 212 765 nItisAra - 614 naMdIsUtra - 66, 72, 75, 76, 60-62, nyAyAvatAra -526 64.97, 66, 102, 106-108, 110, 115, 126, 156, 157, paMcakalpa cUriNa - 360, 511 166, 166, 174, 176, 177, paMcakalpa bhASya - 101 186, 375, 44, 474, 535, paMcakalpa bhASya kI cariNa - 360 550, 552, 644, 656, 664, paMcakalpa mahAbhASya - 36. 674, 680, 681, 684, 687, paMcasiddhAntikA - 372 686, 718, 716, 721, 755 / paMcaskandhavAda - 111 naMdI sthavirAvalI - 181, 322, 472, paMcAstikAya kI TIkA -764,767 463, 464-506, 510, 510, paMcAstikAya prAbhUta -756 532, 534, 535, 553, 589, paMcAstikAya saMgraha -760 644, 650, 653, 654, 655, 663-665, 674, 675, 682- pataMjali vyAkaraNa bhASya - 491 pataMjali vyAkaraNa -485

Page #967
537 paTTAvalI samuccaya - 5, 323, 336, 378 pratyAkhyAnapada pUrva - 167, 175 .463, 520, 568, 616, 646, prabandha koza - 327, 334, 524-526, 650, 715, 556, 604, 605, 607, pamhAvAgaraNaM - 156, 768 prabhAvaka caritra-55, 56, 464, 506, minI khaNDa-550 523, 525, 527-526, 531, pannavaNA -136, 550, 552, 556, 558, 556, paNNavaNA-1465, 496, 687, 702 567, 572, 576, 578, 576, 7.7, 712, 714-717, 716, 564, 567, 624, 634, 646, 721-723, 726 785, 786 pamAyappamAya -687 parikarma - 166, 754,.762 prabhuvIra paTTAvalI 51, 52 pariziSTa parva - 221, 223, 225, 226, pravacanasAra - 717, 757-756, 761 232, 257, 262, 267, 268, pravacana sAroddhAra - 31, 166 266, 273, 275, 322, 359, prazna vyAkaraNasUtra-1, 73, 65, 100, 375, 413, 423, 428, 435, 104, 105, 156-158, 164, 442,45, 446, 455, 457, .174, 178, 558, 688 462, 542, 581, 563, 564, prAkRta paTTAvalI-702,724-726,737, 774 pANinI.vyAkaraNa - 490 742, 743, 745, 746-748, pAvaliptasUri caritam - 556 751, 754 pApaNA.-60 prANavAya pUrva - 26 pAvanASa kI paramparA kA itihAsa - 380 prANAyu pUrva- 168, 175 pAravanAtha bastI kA zilAlekha - 358 prAbhUta saMgraha -723 piNDaniyukti - 366, 537, 686, 690 probalama maoNpha sakA eNDa sAtavAhanA hisTrIpiNapAta adhyayana - 104 . 545 pipaNA - 90, 91, 13, 321 pIyarAgasuyaM-687 battIsavAtrizikAeM - 529 puggalapampattI- 120 balAtkAragaraNa kI paTTAvalI-357 puSparIka adhyayana -148 bAhu prazna adhyayana - 157 punnATasaMpakI paTTAvalI-740, 752 buddha caritra - 635 puSpAlikA - 688 moSa pAhuH-632, 722, 723 pUrvagata vibhAga - 167 brahma zrutAvatAra - 732 porisimaMTana-687. . brahma hemacandra kRta zruta skaMdha - 732 prakIrNaka prApti 357 brahmANDa purANa - 637 prazApanA sUtra - 465, 668, 703-705, 15, 723 pratikramaNa citrapI- 11. . bhakta pratyAsthAna -689 pratyAsyAna pUrva - 26, 68, 9, 113, bhaktAmara stotra - 645, 646 124 . bhagavatI mArAdhanA-617, 618, 755

Page #968
838 bAgapatA 56 bhagavatI vyAkhyA bhagavatI zataka - -- bhagavatI sUtra - 35, 36, 40, 43, 65, 130, 131, 140, 141, 172, 688, 660, 700 bhadrabAhu caritra - 353, 354, 611-613, 615 bhadrabAhu saMhitA - 325, 372-374 bhadrasAra - 448 bhayahara stotra - 646 bharatezvara bAhubali vRtti 273 bhaviSyapurANa - 546 bhAgavata - * 252, 254, 275, 277 482, 457, 488, 461, 462, 468, 547, 561 bhAgavata purANa - 2653042966 # 142, 170 56 4 bhAbanA 60, bhAvaprAbhRta - 632 bhAva saMgraha - 337, 344, 611, 613 bhASeSaNA - 104 - maMgU kathA. 533 maMDala praveza ( zruti ) - 678 matsya purANa - 250, 254-256482, 41, 561, 604 264 madhu bindu kA zrAkhyAna mayUrANDa adhyayana - * 145 maraNa samAdhi - 686 maraNavibhaktI - 687 malayagirIyA nandI vRtti - 680 malayagiri piDaniyukti TIkA - 326 mallI adhyayana 145 mahalliyA vibhAvapa vibhattI - 688 mahAkaSpasuya - 687 mahAnisIha - 688 (ma) 1 mahAnizItha - 684 mahApaccakkhANa - 687 mahApannAvaraNA- 687 mahAparijJA ( adhyayana ) - 75, 82-87, 103, 177, 573, 578 mahApurANa - 185, 227, 233, 238, 734 mahApratyAkhyAna - 686 mahAbhArata - 120, 251, 500 mahAvaMza - 274, 448, 457 mahAvIra caritra - 24, 27, 26, 31, 32, 40, 50, 345, 346 mahAvIra bhASita adhyayana - 157 mahAvIra vANI- 170, 186 mahAbhyutpatti - 120 mahAsumiraNabhAvaraNAra- 186 kandI padhyayana - 606 . mAthurI vAcanA - 664 mAlavikAgnimitra - 418, 629 mo - 468, 628 muNDakopaniSad - 80 bhujamaluttavArIkha - 666 mudrArAkSasa - 667, 670 " merutu gIyAsthavirAvalI - 471, 472 merutu gayA sthavirAvalI TIkA - 681 merutu gIyAvicAra zreNI - 682, 685, 716 monyora monyora DikzanarI - 561 maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa - 450 (gha) yajurveda - 7, 46 yuga purANa 422 - yuga purANa prakaraNa - 460 -- yuga pradhAna paTTAvalI - 322, 375, 441, 472, 535, 655, 664 yoga bindusAra - 30 yogaratnamAlA 656 --

Page #969
yoga ralAvalI - 656 vAsavadattA-546 yogazAstra prakAza - 551, 652, 678 / / vikramacaritam -540 vikrama carita-550, 670 vikrama smRti graMthaH-546 ratnamAlA-627, 628 vicAra zreNI pariziSTam - 465, 466, rala saMcaya prakaraNa-466, 692 511, 514, 515, 542, 607, rabbala-670 622, 715, 718 rAjavAtika-71, 61, 110, 154, 155, vijayasiMha mUricarita- 531 tara 157 vijayodayA TIkA- 617, 618 rAjavAtika TIkA - 71 vijjAcaraNa viriNasamo-687 rAyapaseNaijja - 136, 687 vidhipakSa paTTAvalI-666 rAjapraznIya - 688 vidhAnupravAdapUrva - 26, 167, 175, 475 rUpanAtha (zilAlekha) - 450 vinayasamAdhi-321 vipAka sUtra-73, 95, 164, 174, 178, lalitavistarA - 616, 618, 616 687,688 lAisa (pustaka) - 435, 438 vimukti-11, 11, 101, 102 liMga pAhue- 627 vimokSa:- 75, 87 lokabindusAra pUrva-26, 166, 175 . vimoha-7 lokavijaya - 75, 76 vivAha cUliyA-688 soka vibhAga (paM)-43-45 vikkhApatti-73 lokasAra -75, 78 vivAhapaNyatti - 130, 140, 176, 687 vihArakappo- 687 vizeSAvazyaka TIkA -311 vahidasAmo-668 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya -7, 18,562,600, varAhI saMhitA-33 602, 60-610, 613, 704, baraporavAe - 618 ballabhIvAcanA-139 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya TIkA-1 pabahAro-689 viSNupurANa-462 basudeva paritra- 325 vIravezapaTTAvalIbasudevahiMDI prathama aMza- 200, 205, 206 vIravaMzAvalI-580, 565 basvaipasA-t. vIrastuti-111 vAyu purANa- 250, 253, 254, 256, bI madhyayana - 111 263, 264, 274-278, me, bIrya prabAra pUrva-26, 167 42, 461, 561, 104.5, bIra varSamAna pariSa-12 637, 140, 141, 11, 158, paTTAvanI .. 52 gvAdhisUri paritra-55 vAcakamakI paTAvanI- bRhatkathA- 539, 541, 57

Page #970
840 vRhatkathAkoza - 341, 344, 582 - 584, 611-613 vRhatkathAmaMjarI - 547 bRhatkalpa curiNa - 455 vRhatkalpapIThikA kI TIkA - 362 vRhatkalpa bhASya - 448, 510 556, 560, 664, 762, 763 bRhatkalpa sUtra - 366, 523, 686 vRhadAraNyakopaniSad - 16 vedanAkhaNDa - 701, 730 vedavedakapada - 705 velagharovavAe - 688 ve saragovavAe - 688 vaidika sAhitya - 307 vaizeSika darzana - 565 vyavahArakalA - 101 vyavahArabhASya - 181 686 vyavahAra sUtra - 325, 360, 372, vyAkhyA prajJapti - 70, 73, 130, 131, 138, 143, 170, 172, 226 (za) zataka cUriNa - 724 zastraparijJApradhyayana - 664 zItoSNIya - 75, 77 zIlAMka kRta AcArAMga kI TIkA - 82, 86, 361 zramaNa saMghastotra - 378, 471, 552, 603, 631, 655, 664, 663, 715 zrAddhadinakRtya - 664 zrutadhara paTTAvalI - 733, 734, 748 zrataratna 721 zrutAvatAra - 184, 701, 703, 710, 711, 724, 725, 727, 731, 734, 737, 736, 740, 742, 748, 751, 752, 754, 756, 763 (ba) SaTkhaNDAgama - 233, 701-707, 706, 711, 714, 716, 722-724, 728-730, 736, 742, 743, 747, 752, 754, 761, 762 SaDjIvanikAya - 321 SaD darzana samuccaya - 615, 618 (sa) saMgrahagAthA - 74 saMgrahaNIpada - 141 saMdehaviSoSaSi - 516 saMbodha prakaraNa - 626 saMharaNAsuyaM - 687 saMskRta iMglisa DiksanarI bAyasara moniyara viliyamsa - 607 saMstAra prakIrNaka - 686 satyapravAda pUrva- 26, 167, 175 sanmatitarka - 526 saptatikA cUraNa - 724 saptasaptikA - 85 samayabhAmRta - 757 samayAbhUta ( sUtra ) - 27, 32, 34, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 61-67, 6, 100 - 108, 110, 115, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 130, 156, 157, 166, 166, 174, 177, 178, 160, 375, 687, 688 samAdhi - 112 samuTThAraNasuyaM - 688 savArthasiddhi - 71 sahasarAma ( zilAlekha ) - 450 sAmaveda - 7, 42 sArasaMgraha 430 siMhAsana battIsI - 542 siddhasena stuti - 529 sukhavipAka - 71, 164 -

Page #971
suttapAr3a-761 smithsa prazokA - 416 suttAgama - 171, 700 sUtrakRtAMga-73, 65, 16, 102, 114, hatthisutta-428 115, 174-177, 180, 325, hAthIguMphA ke zilAlekha - 480 366, 370, 687. 688 haribhadrIyA prajJApanA vRtti-712,716,720 sUrimantra - 476 harivaMza purANa - 466, 467, 701, 703, sUrya prApti- 325, 330, 374, 687 711, 723-727, 726, 734, 737, 740-742, 747, 748, 688 750, 752, 754, 762, 763 saundarAnandam - 635 hariSeNa kathAkoSa -446 skandapurANa - 547 harSa caritra - 640, 668 skaMdilIya anuyoga 181 himavanta sthavirAvalI-61, 286, 287, strI mukti prakaraNa. 617, 701 475-477, 476-481, 483, sthAnAMga-6, 7, 70, 73, 76, 100, 484, 486-488, 491-464, 102, 104, 105, 116, 120, 508, 541, 542, 648, 646, 121, 126, 154-157, 166, 651, 655, 678, 676, 708, 174, 177, 180, 224, 375, 718,780-182 613, 608, ___ hisTrI mApha dI guptAja- 616 (gha) mata, sampradAya, vaMza, gotrAdi avyaktavAdI - 415, 417 aMga vaMza- 127 prazvAyana (jAti) 418, 623 prakArakavAda - 111 (mA) prakriyAvAdI - 110, 112, 568, 596 mAMcalaMgaccha -- 623 agnivezyAyanagotra - 46, 62 prAtmaSaSTavAda - 111 acelaka paramparA - 131, 315 prAramatavAda - 111 pragyAsipAnimA - 465 prApunIya saMgha - 615 prayakuberA-465 prama jayantI-465 ikvAkuvaMza - 252, 256 majjatAvasI-465 indrapuraga (kula)- 464 majjanAinI- 465 islAma-67. majyapomimA -465 majjabegya - 465 majyasepiyA - 465 Isiguttiya - 465 mAnavAdI- 110, 112 isittiya - 465 manantakItisaMca - 614 mAtariNivA -464 undhAnAmarI- 464 aparAjita saMgha-- 611 114,730 unupAdiya- 464 pamiSayanta (kula)-415 uttaravaslimaha- 179,45, 4.

Page #972
843 uddehagaNa - 464 udubarijjiyA - 464 ullagaccha - 464 kosaMbiyA-475 kauzika gotra -- 463, 506, 508, 565 kriyAvAdI-110-112 kSaNikavAda - 466 ekAtmavAda - 111 elApatya - 440 kharataragaccha - 622 khemilajjiyA- 464 ailavaMza-487, 488 * (pro) mosavaMza - 65, 678 maulukyagotra - 565 gaNadharavaMza - 466 gariNayA - 464 gavedhuyA - 465 gaNadhara saMgha - 613, 614, 738 gupta rAjavaMza - 636, 641, 642, 646, 647, 656, 658, 666, 667, 670 gupta saMgha - 613, 614, 738 guptasaMvat - 657 guptasAmrAjya - 664, 668 godAsagaNa - 380,444 gopucchaka - 614 gopyasaMgha-- 613-615 goyamajjiyA-465 gautama gautra-7, 35, 180, 384, 536, 568 kaNhasaha - 465 kadambavaMza- 616, 757 kartRtvavAda - 111 kaliMga rAjavaMza - 287 kaliMga (zAkhA) - 488. kazyapa gotra - 226 kAkandiyA - 464 kAtyAyana gotra-192 kAntipurI (zAkhA)-640 kAmaDhiya - 464 kAzyapa - 380, 467, 675, 676, 62 kASThAvaMza-613, 14 kAsavajjiyA - 465 . kuzIla-111 . . . . kuSANavaMza-634, 136, 638, 636 dharma adhyayana - 15 kRta saMvat -539 koTikagaccha-633 koTikagaNa - 465 koTipikA-m koDavANI-463, 475 koDIparisiyA-380 kozAmbikA-463 pandanAgarI-463, 475 candrakusa-465, 620, 625 candragaccha -506, 622, 623, 63 // candra-582, 625 candra saMgha- 613, 614,738 . . candravaMzI- 252, 487, 468 campiNiya -464 cAturyAma dharma - 148 peTavaMzIya-463 . pedirAjavaMza - 248, 286, 468 caityavAsI-627, 628 jayantI zAkhA - 582, 568

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// tapAgaccha-518 nandavaMza- 267, 422, 452, 433, 435, tApasIzAkhA-582 436, 436, 440, 453, 480, tAmalitiyA - 380 516, 542, 452 tAmraliptikA -4 nandijja-464 tAlabaMdha - 252, 5... nandIsaMgha - 357, 614,702,724,725-. tuMgipAyana- 322 726, 737, 738, 742, 743, terApaMtha - 686, 701, 745-748, 751, 753, 754, rAzika - 111, 565 nandIgaNa - 613 dAsI khabariyA -380 . nAilla-516 vigaMbara paraMparA- 27, 28, 35, 40,43, nAilI zAkhA - 553, 582, 620, 622 64, 65, 67, 72, 73, 61, 65, nAgadazaka - 254 / / .110, 116, 154, 156-168, nAgabhUya - 464 166, 174, 175, 14, 185, nAgavaMzI-255, 604, 605, 637, 141, 226, 227, 232, 234-236, 240, 261, 314-316, 322, nAgArjunIyA - 681,718, 716 325-327, 337, 341, 34, nAgendrakula- 465, 553, 613, 620, 347, 157, 358, 383, 413, 621, 625, 632, 664, 766 4, 517, 534, 553, 582, niyanyagaccha - 476, 624, 632, 633 584-586, 603, 6.8, 610, nivRtti- 613, 620-622, 625, GEE 613-616, 620, 627, 628, nivaI-582 631-633, 648, 674, 669 niSpicyA saMgha-614 702, 707, 708, 711, 716, neuNiyA - 465 70-726, 726, 731, 734, 740-74, 747, 746, 710, 752, 755, 757, 762, 765, 766, 774, 776, 777 paMcastUpasaMgha - 613, 614 dI guptA empAyara - 636 paMDabariNayA - 380 devasaMgha - 738, 753 paMTumitra - 673 dehAtmavAda -111 paTTamitra-674 dvAvir3a saMgha - 614 paNhavAhaNaya - 464 prikriyAvAdI-467, 468 papAvatI- 64. dvivandanika gaccha - 380 pallavavaMzI- 757, 761 parihAsaya - 464 dharmaghoSa gaccha - 623 pAkhaNDamata 110

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pArisakula - 512 bhAratAja-180, 620 . pApiyana -606, 607, 626, 635 bhAraziva-636-641, 643, 646 pAzrvaparamparA-379 . bhilsaka saMgha-614 pAyAMpatya-132, 138 pIDammiya-465 puparIka tapa-551 mahapattimA-464 pugapa nikA-m majjhimillA- 464 puSpapatikA-464 mathurAzAkhA - 640 pubATa saMgha-341, 614,703,728, 726 mahAyAna-635 734, 740, 750, 757, 762, mAghanandi - 614 puruvaMza-488 mADharaMgotra - 180, 323, 682, 662 pUrNamitrA-475 mAthura saMgha - 613, 614 pUsamittija-465 mAthurI vAcanA - 650, 651, 664, 683, par3Asapura-193 pomilI-582 mAlava saMvat - 536 paurapa-248, 286 mAlija - 465 prayota-248, 276, 286 mahAgiriyA -684,685 prAcInagotrIya - 325, 327, 360, 371 mAsapUriyA - 464 priyAnva-477, 506-508 mUla saMgha- 613, 745, 753, 755 mehiya - 464 mauryavaMza-416, 422, 423, 433, 436, bar3agaccha-622 46, 478, 480, 481, 485, bammalija-464 496, 516, 541 balAtkAragaraNa-613, 745 bAgar3asaMpa-614 yAdava vaMza-487 besavADiyagaraNa-464 | yApanIyaparamparA - 65, 614 boTikamata-608, 6133 yApanIya saMgha-615-616, 766 bodhiliMga-475 yuga pradhAna paramparA- 466, 464, 631 bausamarma-47, 466, 485, 635 yUcI jAti - 606,630 bauddha paramparA- 120, 452, 466, 607, '. yUnAnI- 467 667 ... brahmatIpikA - 365, 465, 64, 6ve rajjapAliyA - 464 rASTrakUTa vaMza - 766 bhaddijjiyA-464 bhadrasaMgha-613, 614, 738 bhAgavata-607 lADa bAgaDa saMgha - 614

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licchavI - 46, 252, 253, 657, 658, vRddhasaMpradAya - 685 voTikamata- 610 lIbar3I saMdha- 51 vyAghrApatya gotra - 476 zaMkarAya - 668 vakSasa gotra -.51 zakaTa adhyayana - 165 vajjanAgarI- 465 . zakarAja - 668, 666 bajjI - 253, 581 zaka saMvat - 657, 661 vanI-464,568 zayyaMbhava-586, 664 vayalijja - 464, 465 zAka saMvatsara - 603 bassa-318 zivi-638 vatsagulma-64 zizunAgarAjavaMza- 248, 250, 251, vatsagotra-51, 316 253-256, 267, 275-277, banavAsI gaccha - 624, 625, 632 - 276, 287, 377, 503 vallabhI saMvat - 657 .. zuMga- 467, 467, 637 vAkATaka- 636-644, 646, 660, 666, zaMva- 607, 626, 667 / 670, 673, 674 zyAma - 594 vAcaka vaMza- 176, 468, 471,472, zlokavAtika-72' 464-466, 506, 550, 553, zvetapaTa zvetAMbara saMgha - 611 560, 631, 648, 681, 683, zvetAmbara paramparA - 178, 226, 227, . 716, 717, 755 232-235, 267, 261, 311, vANijya - 464 316, 326, 327, 326, 337, bAlamya saMgha-676, 680 340, 341, 344, 345, 356, vAziSTha gotra-40 371, 372, 413, 456, 553, vAsiTThiyA - 465 554, 582-586, 603, 608, vAhIkakula- 251, 253, 275 610-618, 620, 627, 631, vikrama saMvat - 536 686, 686, 666, 700, 702, vijAhara-552 707, 722, 724, 755, 766, vidyAdhara zAkhA-464, 613 774, 778, 776, 769 vidyAdhara vaMza - 523, 555, 620, 625, pArilyagacya-506, 523 saMkAsiyA-465 vidhimArgI- 627 sakAlakuma- 179 vinayavAdI-110, 112 sabesaka paraMparA-315 vIrasaMgha-613, 614,730 sanakAnIka-661 vRSNikula- 153 samucyedavAdI-465 buddha paraMparA-51. sarasvatIgacca-745 khazAlA-686 . sahagotra -120

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646 sAtavAhana vaMza - 545, 546, 550, 604, soraTThiyA - 465 605, 636 sAmucchedika mata - sAvatthiyA - 464 466 siMha saMgha - 614, 616, 738 sIthiyana - 501 suhastI zAkhA -661, 682. sUryavaMza - 500 sena saMgha - 613, 614, 738, 753 sortittiyA - 475 somabhUya - 464 somavaMza - 487, 488 sthAnakavAsI - 686, 660, 701 hatthalijja - 464 haridrAyaNagotra - 51 harivaMza - 488 hastinAyana jAti - 418 hArita gotra - 180, 465, 413 hAriya mAlAgArI - 465 hA lijjja - 465 hInayAna - 635 hUraNa - 665 haihayavaMza - 251 - 253, 487, 488, 500

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2. saMdarbha granthoM evaM zilAlekhAdi kI sUcI aMga paNNatI, zubhacandra (vijaya kIti ziSya) prAvazyaka niyukti-pravariNa racita, prakAzaka-mANikacandra di0 jana mAvazyaka malayagirIyA vRtti grantha mAlA, bambaI . bhAvazyaka vRhadvRtti anuyogadvAra-vRttikAra hemacandramUri, prakAzaka prAvazyaka hAribhadrIyA vRkti rAya dhanapatasiMha bahAdura Introduction by A.N. Upadhye on abhidhAna cintAmaNi, prAcArya hemacandrakRta / Pravachansara. ___TIkA vijayadharma sUri vIra saM0 2441 invejana mApha iNDiyA rAI alekjeNDauabhidhAna rAjendra, bhAga 1-7, vijaya rAjendra maikakriDilakRta sUri racita, prakAzaka-zrI jaina zvetAmbara samasta saMgha, jana prabhAkara prinTiMga presa, 'uttarapurANa, guNabhadrAcAryakRta, bhAratIya jJAna pITha, durgAkuNDa ror3a vArANasI, ratalAma san 1913 saM0 pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, amoghavRtti-zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para yApanIya . prAcArya dvArA racita svopanavRtti saMvat 2011 .. azokAvadAna .. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, jIvarAja ghelAmAI, mAgama aSTottarI, kastUracanda jabaracanda ahamadAbAda gAdiyA, bambaI . uttarAdhyayana mUtra-pAiya TIkA-zAntisUrikatA mAcArakalpa upadeza mAlA doSaTTI vRtti, ratnaprabhasUri, pAcArAMga, manuvAda mA0 mAramArAmajI ma., dhanajIbhAI devacandra boharI, mijo sTrITa, prakAzaka mA. zrI prAtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, sudhiyAnA Epitome of Jainism. prAcArAMga (niyukti sahita) vRttikAra eraNa kI prazasti zIlAMkAcArya, prakAzaka-rAya panapatasiMha mApta mImAMsA, samantabhadraracita mopaniyukti-droNAcAryakRtA TIkA, pra. mArya maMgU kathA .. zrI vijayAnanda sUrI bana granthamAlA, pArAdhanA kathA koza gopIpurA sUrata, saM0 2014 pAvazyaka kathA popapAtika sUtra TIkA anuvAda dhAsIsAlapI pAvazyaka cUNi, prA. jinadAsa gaNi mahattara, mahArAja, pra.ma. bhAratIya zve. sthA. ratalAma se san 1928 meM prakAzita cana zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa, bhAvazyaka niyukti, bhadrabAhu (vi0) racita, saM0 2015 hAribhadrIyA vRtti, hemacandra sUri kathAsaritsAgara, somadeva bhaTTa, bihAra rASTra TippaNakam, saM0 1976.. __ bhASA pariSada paTanA, 6.zaka saM0 1983

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84 karmagrantha bhA0 1 devendra sUri, kanhaiyAlAla Cambridge History of India mAlacanda bhaTevarA ratalAma, gaNyAcAra paiNNA, dAna vijaya gaNI, pra. vi.saM. 2030 dayAla vimalajI pranyamAlA, ahamadAbAda gaNaparabAda, saM0 muni ratnaprama vijayajI kalpa sUtra - devendra muni dvArA sampAdita garga saMhitA adita, gAthA saptazatI-hAlaracita (kAvya mAlA kalpa sUtra - puSya vijayajI dvArA sampAdita 21 meM) nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, - (mujarAtI). * san 1933 .kalpAntarvAcyAni (hastalikhita) alavara / gArgI saMhitA yuga purANa prakaraNa bhaNDAra ke saujanya se prApta kaliMga pakravartI mahAmeSavAhana khAravela ke gurvAvalI - sundarasUrikRta "zilAlekha kA vivaraNa, zrI ke0 pI0 gautama paritra, bhaTTAraka dharmacandrakRta, jAyasavAla, kAzI nAMgarI pracAriNI paM0 hIrAlAlajI zAstrI, byAvara naziyAM sabhA kI bhora se-iNDiyana presa li. se prApta prayAga, san 1928 ghauvanna mahApurisariyaM, zIlAMkAcArya, prAkRta kasAya pAhura pUNi sahita, bhAratIya di0 jaina TeksTa sosAyaTI, vArANasI 5 saMba, paurAsI, madhurA candra kA meharIlI kA loha stambha lekha kahAvatI-bhadrezvarasUri (hastalikhita), candragupta maurya aura usakA kAla, paM. basasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA, saMcAlaka, lAla bhAI dalapata bhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti rAdhA kumuda mukarjI, rAjakamala prakAzana vidyA mandira, mahamadAbAda ke saujanya se cullavagga kahoma kA stambhalekha chAndogyopaniSad (zAMkara bhASya sahita) kArapasa inskripzanaM inDikeram, bhAga 3 . pra. gItApresa gorakhapura kAlakAcArya kathA, prakAzaka-zrI sArAbhAI jyotividAbharaNa navAba, ahamadAbAda jyotiSkaraNDaka TIkA kAmya mImAMsA-rAjazekhara kASThA saMghasya gurvAvalI, hastalikhita, jambU cariyaM, guNapAla, saM0mA0 jinavijayajI paM0 darabArIlAlajI koThiyA, nyAyAcArya pra. siMghI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya dumarAva kolonI, vArANasI se prApta / . vidyA bhavana, bambaI 7 jambU svAmi caritra, ratnaprabha sUri kundakunda prAmRta saMbaha, sampAdaka paM. kasAzacandra, prakAzaka-jaina saMskRti jambU svAmi caritam, paM0 rAjamalla racita saMrakSaka saMgha zolApura, 196.. . jAvU sAmi cariu, vIra racita, saM. kuvalaya mAlA-ubotana sUri (dAkSiNyaoN . vimalaprasAda jaina cinha) siMdhI sirIja jaranala praoNpha dI bihAra eNDa ur3IsA riparca miti prakaraNam-zAkaTAyana, jaina sosAyaTI, disambara. 1916, volyUma 5 sAhitya saMzodhaka, saM0 2 aMka 4 bhAga 4

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jaina grantha aura granthakAra, zrI phatecanda belAnI, darzanasAra, devasenAcArya viracita, pra. jaina anya sanmati prakAzana, jaina saMskRti saMzodhaka ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI maNDala, banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI, dazavakAlika cUriNa-agastya siMha racita banArama, 1950 I0 dazavakAlika niyukti-bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, dazavakAlika, saM0 zrI ghevaracanda boThiyA, prA. hastImalajI ma. prakAzaka-itihAsa sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha sailAnA, saM0 2014 samiti, lAla bhavana, caur3A rAstA jayapura, ' dazavakAlika hAribhadrIyA vRtti I0 1971 jaina paramparAno itihAsa, bhAga 1,2-tripuTI dazAzru ta skandha-niyukti-bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 zrI mANikacandra dI guptA empAyara-bAI pAra0 ke0 mukarjI di0 jana grantha mAlA samiti hIrA bAga, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic po. giragAMva, bambaI Society, 1920 bhAga 2 " divyAvadAna , bhAga 3 dIpamAlikA kalpa, jinasundarasUri, saM0 2006 , bhAga 4 DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI kI prastAvanA jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 1-4, zrI jinendra __ duSamAkAla zrI zramaNa saMgha stotra vacUri (paTTAvalI samuccaya pra0 bhAga) varNI, bhAratIya jJAna pITha prakAzana pra0 zrI cAritra smAraka granthamAlA triSaSThI zalAkA puruSa caritra, prAcArya hemacandra vIramagAMva (gujarAta) tatvArtha zloka vAttika, vidyAnanda pra0 nandIcUNi, jinadAsa mahattara, puSpa vijayaz2I ___gAMdhI nAthAraMga jaina granthamAlA, bambaI mA dvArA sampAdita, prakAzaka-prAkRta tattvArtha sUtra, umA svAti grantha pariSada vArANasI , tattvArthAdhigama svopajJa bhApya umA svAti ahamadAbAda 6, 1966 I. tapAgaccha paTTAvalI, dharma sAgara gaNi racita nandI malaya girIyA vRtti, pra0 rAya panapatasiMha svopajJa vRtti sahita, panyAsa zrI kalyANa nandI saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvalI ajJAta karIka, vijayajI dvArA sampAdita SaTkhaNDAgama bhAga 1 kI DA0 hIrAmAla titthogAliya painnA, hastalikhita, paM0 dalasukha jI ko prastAvanA-zrI darabArIlAlajI bhAI mAlavariNayA, saMcAlaka -lAlabhAI koThiyA se prApta dalapata bhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA nandI sUtra, prA0 zrI hastImalajI ma. dvArA mandira ahamadAbAda ke saujanya se prApta anUdita, prakAzaka-rAyaba0kI motIlAla tiloya paNNattI bhAga 1, yativRSabha, jaina mUthA, bhavAnI peTha, satArA siTI saMskRti rakSaka saMgha zolApura sampAdaka nandI sUtra-pU0 ghAsImAlanI ka. prakAzaka-e. ena. upAdhye aura pro0 hIrAlAla akhila bhA. zve. svA. ana zAstrodAra saM0 2012 samiti, rAjakoTa nandI sUtra hAribhadrIyA vRtti darzanazuddhi saTIka nATyadarpaNa

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.. mAyASamma kahAmo, pAgamodaya samiti dvArA paTTAvalI samuccaya, mani darzana vijayajI, kAzita, san 1919 pra. zrI caritra smAraka pranyamAlA, . nirayAvaliyA sUtra bhASA TIkA, rAya dhanapata vIramagAva (gujarAta) - siMha, . 1945 patravaNA-muni zrI puNyavijayanI va ninIya pUjya ghAsIlAlajI mahArAja dvArA paM. dalasukha mAlavariNavA dvArA sampAdita anUdita panavaNA sUtra vRtti, pra. rAyavahAdura dhanapatasiMha nizISa sUtra-bhASya, visAhagaNi, vizeSa Prof. Hultzsch. corp. Inser. Indic. bUgi-jinadAsa mahattara, saM0 kaviM Pt. 1. Pref. xxxiii Problems of Shaka & Satvahana - amaracandajI, muni kanhaiyAlAlajI kamala, History, Journal of the Bihar & sanmati jJAnapITha, prAgarA Orissa Research Society, 1930 nItisAra pariziSTa parva-prAcArya hemacandra racita paMcakalpa pUNi-hastalikhita paMcakalpa bhASya-saMghadAsa gaNi vodha prAbhRta-zruta sAgarI TIkA paMcAstikAya prAbhRta jayasenAcAryakRta tAtparya bhagavatI pArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA, vRtti aparAjita (yApanIya) racita, pra. prajApanA sUtra-hAribhadrIyA vRtti devendrakIti di. jana andhamAlA, kAraMjA prabandhakoza rAjazekhara sUri racita, saM0 bhagavadI ArAhaNA-zivArya (yApanIya), jinavijayajI, prakAzaka-siMdhI jaina jJAna pra. devendra. di. jaina granthamAlA, kAraMjA pITha, zAnti niketana bhagavatI sUtra-pra. TI.-pUjya ghAsIlAlajI ma., prabhAvaka caritra, prAcArya prabhAcandra, siMghI jaina prakAzaka-bhA. zve. sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra anyamAlA, san 1927 samiti rAjakoTa, 1961 prabhAvatI guptA kA pUnA kA dAnapatra bhagavatI sUtra-pra0 zrI ghevaracandajI vAMThiyA,. pravacanasAra, e. ena. upAdhye dvArA sampAdita / pra0-jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, salAnA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa, Introductory by A. N. Upadhye on pUrvArddha muni jJAna sundarajI, pra0-zrI ratna . Pravachanasara . prabhAkara jJAna puSpamAlA phalaudI pravacana sArodAra, nemicandra sUri racita, (mAravAr3a) san 1943 prakAzaka-devacanda lAlabhAI pustakodAra bhadrabAhu caritra-ratnanandikRta samiti, bambaI san 1922, 1926 bhaviSya purANa prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra-anu0 50 ghevaracanda __ bhAva prAbhUta-zrutasAgarI TIkA bAMThiyA, pra. agaracanda bhairauMdAna seThiyA, . sAThayA, bhAva saMgraha-prA. devasena (vimalasena ke bIkAnera ziSya), darzanasAra ke kartA se bhinna prazna vyAkaraNa vRtti, mabhayadeva sUrikRtA, pra0 rAya bahAdura panapatasiMha . . matsya purANa-pra0 nandalAla mora, 5 klAima prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana __roDa, kalakattA 1, san 1954 ___ saTIka

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851 manusmRti-saM0 svAmI darzanAnanda sarasvatI, vRhatkalpapIThikA-malayagirIyA TIkA pustaka mandira, mathurA, saM0. 2016 / vRhatkalpa sUtra, puNya vijayajI ma. dvArA malayagirIyA piNDa niyukti TIkA saMpAdita, bhAga 1 atmAnaMda jaina sabhA, mahApurANa-jinasena (dhavalAkAra) prakAzaka- bhAvanagara san 1933-1942. . bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, I0 1951 . vRhad-prAraNyakopaniSad mahApurANa puSpadanta racita vasudeva hiNDI, prathama aMza-saMghadAsa gaNI, mahAbhArata karNa parva, gItA presa gorakhapura pra. zrI jaina prAtmAnanda sabhA san 1930 mahAvIra carita, guNacandragaNi ___ vAyupurANa, dUsarA khaNDa, saM. zrIrAma zarmA, mahAvIra carit-kavi rayadhU (hasta likhita), ' pra. saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI (u.pra.), paM. hIrAlAlajI zAstrI, byAvara nasiyAM 1967-I. ke saujanya se prApta vAsavadattA-bhAsaracita mahAvaMzo-bauddha bhikSu dhenusena (laMkA) racita mAlavikAgni mitram-kAlidAsa vikrama caritram-zubha zIla gaNi racita, (hasta muNDakopaniSad pra0 gItApresa gorakhapura likhita), prAcArya zrI vinaya candra jJAna mudrArAkSasa-vizAkhadatta ' bhaNDAra jayapura ke saujanya se prApta mUlAcAra-baTTakera racita vikrama smRti prantha, prakAzaka-sindhiyA merutugIyA sthavirAvalI, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka. prorienTala insTITyUTa, gvAliyara khaNDa 2 aMka 2 vicAra dhaNi (pariziSTa sahita), jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaM. 2, maMka 4 meM Monter Monier Dictionary, by Sir prakAzita Villiam Monia maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, ke. pI. jAyasavAla vidhipakSa paTTAvalI-bhAvanAgararacita vizeSAvazyaka bhASya maladhArI hemacandra TIkA dvArA likhita. bhUmikA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya svopajJa TIkA, jinabhadra yoga bindu sAra kSamAzramaNa, lAlabhAI dalapata bhAI yoga zAstra-hemacandrAcArya svopajJa TIkA sahita bhAratIya saM. vi. ahamadAbAda ratnamAlA V. A. Smith's Ashoka, P. I. ratna saMcaya prakaraNa Cambridge History. rAjavAttika-prakalaMka vIra nirvANa aura jaina kAlagaNanA, muni RSi maNDala stotra kalyANa vijayajI prakAzaka-ka. vi. liMga pAhur3a-SaT prAbhRtAdi saMgraha, prakAzaka zAstra samiti, jAlora (mAravAr3a) ___ mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, vambaI saMvat 1987 loka vibhAga (saMskRta) siMhasUrapi racita vIra vaMzAvalI athavA tapAgaccha vRddha paTTAvalI, jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaMDa 1. graMka 3 meM vRhatkathA koza hariSeNakRta, bhAratIya prakAzita vidyA bhavana vIra vadamAna caritra, bhaTTAraka zrI makalakIti vRhatkathA maMjarI-kSemendrakRta 1 vRhatkalpa TIkA-kSetrakItikRtA zrAddha dinakRtya

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852 zrutaskandha-brahmahemacandra viracita, mANikya samAyAMga sUtra-TIkA anuvAda, pU. ghAsIlAlajI / candra di. jaina granthamAlA - ma., pra. bhA. zve. sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra zru tAvatAra indranandI kRta samiti, rAjakoTa zrImadbhAgavata mahA purANa, gItA presa samavAyAMga, pra. rAyabahAdura dhanapata siMha gorakhapura sarvArtha siddhi-devanandi pUjyapAda (jinendrabuddhi) zAntinAtha caritra racita, prakAzaka-sakhArAma nemicandra jaina granthamAlA solApura SaTkhaNDAgama-dhavalA TIkA (pUrNa), pra.-jaina sAGgadhara paddhati saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura suttapAhur3a-prA. kundakunda praNIta, SaT prAbhRtAdi saMboSa prakaraNa, prA. haribhadra, prakAzaka saMgraha, prakAzaka-mANikacandra di. jaina jaina grantha prakAzana sabhA, ahamadAvAda granthamAlA bambaI skanda purANa / sUtrakRtAMga, prA. javAhara lAla jI ma. dvArA skaMdha gupta kA jUnAgaDha zilAlentra anUdita, prakAzaka-zambhUmala gaMgArAma skaMdha gupta kA bhitarI kA stambhalekha mUthA, baMgalora : sthAnAMga sUtra ghAsI lAla jI ma. dvArA saMpAdita, suttAgame prathamo aMso saM. puSphabhikkha, pra. bhA. zve. sthA. jaina zAstrodvAra samiti, gama prakAzaka samiti, relve roDa, rAjakoTa dvArA prakAzita gur3agAMva chAvanI, 1953 I. sthAnAMga sUtra-TIkA abhayadeva mUri, prakAzaka Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 22 by Hermapo Jacobi rAya dhanapata siMha samaMta bhadra-paMDita jugala kizora mukhtyAra harivaMza purANa, prA. jinasena (punnATa saMghIya) samadarzI prAcArya haribhadra- paM. sukhalAla saMghavI - pragIta saM. paM. pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya DI. liTa., prakAzaka rAjasthAna prAcya pra. bhAratIya jJAnapIla, kAzI, san 1962 vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura 1933 I. harivaMza pugaNa-kRSNa dvaipAyana, samaya prAbhRta kundakundAcArya, prathama saMskaraNa hariperaNa dvArA kozAmbI meM ukita karavAyA I. 1914 huA samudra gupta kA (ilAhAbAda sthita) samaya prAbhRtam aura prAbhRta saMgraha, pra. stambha lekha mANikacandra di jana granthamAlA, himavanta sthavirAvalI (hastalikhita), munizrI (puSpa 17), bambaI kalyANa vijayajI se prApta sayavAyAMga abhaya devIyA TIkA. History of the Guptas, by Dandekar. vizeSa-sUcI meM diye gaye granthoM ke atirikta upalamba sampUrNa bhAgama sAhitya aura bhaneka pranyoM se mahAyatA lI gaI hai| una saba kI mUtrI denA saMbhava nhiiN| .

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parasparopagraho jIvAnAma JUST * jaya ra tatvarasamA vagAsaNArA gasya satta nANa jayapara jaina iti hAsa samiti

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LOTION yA ka U INR ca UN samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala bApU bAjAra, jayapura-302 003 (rAja.) dUrabhASa : 0141-565997 jaina itihAsa samiti lAla bhavana, cauDA rAstA jayapura-302 003 (rAja.)