Hindi Jain Sahitya ka Sankshipta Itihas

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010194/1

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UNIVERSAL LIBRARY 176295 LIBRARY UNIVERSAL

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bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke prakAzana

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jJAnapITha - mUrtidevI jainagranthamAlA - hindIgranthAGka 2 hindI jaina - sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa kAmatAprasAda jaina, D. L., M. R. A. s. sampAdaka, 'vIra' aura 'jaina siddhAnta - bhAskara' BHARATIYA NANA FITH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI

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granthamAlA sampAdaka aura niyAmaka - lakSmIcanda jaina, ema0 e0, DAlamiyAnagara prakAzaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha, durgAkuMDa roDa, banArasa siTI | * prathama saMskaraNa phAlguna, vIra ni. saM. 2473 pharavarI 1947 eka sahasra prati muvakabo0 ke0 zAstrI, jyotiSa prakAza presa, vizvezvaragaMja, banArasa siTI /

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zrIyuta paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kI sevA meM jinhoMne sAhitya kI sAdhanA aura sAhityakAroM ke utkarSa-sAdhana meM sampUrNa jIvana lagAkara hindI saMsAra ko upakRta kiyA hai sAdara samarpita / -kAmatA prasAda jaina

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kramaNikA 1 - nibedana 2- prAkkathana - do zabda -upakramaNikA viSaya-sUcI -pariziSTa naM0 1 piMgala zAstra i :: 11 "" 13 - parivardhana 13- zabdAnukramaNikA - zuddhipatra "" ... P,G, -AdikAla kA sAhitya aura gadya bhASA - madhyakAla kA hindI jaina sAhitya - parivartanakAla ... -- -hindI jaina sAhitya kI vizeSatA ba - hindI kI utpatti kA mUla jainasAhitya aura usakA 2 kucha cune hue pada : : : ... : kAla-vibhAga U.. ii : 28 5-6 *-10 11-14 1 18 11 62 139 231 240 280 252 26

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nivedana jaina, bauddha, vaidika-bhAratIya saMskRti ko ina pramukha dhArAoM para gAhana kiye vinA apanI AryaparamparA kA aitihAsika vikAsakrama bAna nahIM skte| sabhyatA ko inhIM tona saritAbhoM kI trivegI kA sAma hamArA vAstavika tIrtharAja hogaa| aura jJAnapITha ke sAdhakoM kA anavara yahI prayatna rahegA ki hamArI mukti kA mahAmandira triveNI ke usI sAma / ane; usI sahama para mahAmAnava kI prANa pratiSThA hai| lupta pranthoM kA uddhAra, alabhya aura Avazyaka pranthoM kA sulabhIkaraNa prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, kamara aura tAmila ke jainavAsayakA mUla mora yathAsambhava anuvAdarUpa meM prakAzana, jhAnagoTha aise prayatnoM meM saba huA hai aura barAbara lagA rhegaa| ina kAryoM ke atirika sarva sAdhAraNa kAma ke liye jJAnapITha ne lokodaya anyamAlA kI yojanA kI hai| pranthamAlA ke antargata hindI meM sarala, sulabha, surucipUrNa pustake prakAzita kI jaaeNgii| jIvana ke stara ko U~cA uThAnevAlI kRti ke pratyeka racayitA ko mAnapITha protsAhita karegA, vaha kevala nAmagata prsidi| pIche nahIM daudd'egaa| kAvya, kahAnI, upanyAsa, nATaka, itihAsa pustaka bAhe kisI bhI paridhi kI ho parantu ho lokodaya-kAriNI / prastuta pustaka, hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, hindI bana paramparA ke sambandha meM hamArI jAnakArI ko kaI gunA bar3hAne vAlI hai| bhAva kI hamArI rASTra bhASA kA bhArambhika rUpa kaisA thA, vaha ki

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pAMcoM meM Dhala kara bhAna isa rUpa meM virAjamAna hai-yaha jAnanA pratyeka handI pAThaka ke lie bhAvazyaka hai| hindI sAhitya ke aba taka ke itihAsakAra prAyaH dasavIM zatAbdI se pUrva nahIM gye| unheM hindI ke Adi kavi svayambhU kA bilkula patA nahIM, vaha sarahapA taka ko nahIM phcaante| pradeya paM0 rAthUrAma premI aura mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne ina donoM ko tarapha hindI saMsAra kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| isa pustaka meM Apa pAeMge ki se apabhraMza ke mAdhyama dvArA jaina kaviyoM ne bhAja kI isa hindI ko aMkurita diyA aura usa aMkura ko sIMca sIMcakara kaise unhoMne bAlavRkSa banA diyaa| vidvAn lekhaka ne isa pustaka ko sAhityasevA kI punIta bhAvanA se liyA hai, aura isI bhAvanA se prerita hokara ise jJAnapITha ko prakAzana ke lie diyA hai| zAmapITha unakA AbhAra mAnatA hai| -sampAdaka

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prAkkathana hindI bhASA uThate hue rASTra kI mahatI zakti hai / vaha lagabhaga bIsa karor3a vyaktiyoM ke sAhitya kA mAdhyama hai| usakA bhaviSya ujjvala hai; usake bhUta kAla kA uttarAdhikAra bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se prAcInatama prArya-vaMza kI bhASAoM kI sAkSAt kramika paramparA hindI bhASA ko prAta huI hai| vaidika bhASA ke aneka zabda aura aneka dhAtu isa samaya kI hindI bhASA meM aura usase sambandhita dUra-dUra taka phailI huI janapadoM kI boliyoM meM surakSita haiN| saMhitA-brAhmaNa-sUtra-kAla kI saMskRta bhASA kA uttarAdhikAra zatAbdiyoM ke bhItara se vikasita hotA huaA hindI ko prApta huA hai| buddha ke cirajIvI upadezoM kI dhAtrI pAlI bhASA, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pravacanoM ko surakSita rakhanevAlI ardhamAgadhI bhASA, evaM kAlAntara meM vikasita zaurasenI, prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASA ko vikAsa-dhArAe~ apane samRddha sAhityika kopa ko liye hue vartamAna hindI bhASA aura sAhitya ke mahAsamudra meM samaveta huI haiN| hindI ke parasahasra zabdoM ke grAdimUla kI khoja hindI bhASAoM ke prAcIna sAhitya meM mila sakatI hai| hindI ke sAhityika alaMkAra, zailI aura abhiprAyoM kA vikAsa bhI uparokta bhASAoM ke prAcIna sAhitya dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| bhASA ke zabda-bhaNDAra aura sAhitya kI samRddhi donoM dRSTiyoM se hindI bhASA kA kSetra dina-pratidina vistRta rUpa meM hamAre sammukha prakaTa ho rahA hai| usI vistAra kA eka udAharaNa zrI kAmatAprasAda jI dvArA praNIta isa pustaka meM milatA hai| hindI bhASA kA jo prAcIna sAhityika vistAra hai usake viSaya meM bahuta sI naI sAmagrI kA paricaya hameM isa pustaka ke dvArA prApta hogaa| apabhraMza-kAla se lekara unnIsavIM zatAbdi taka jaina-dharmAnuyAyI vidvAnoM ne hindI meM jisa sAhitya kI racanA kI, lekhaka ne

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( 8 ) kAlakramAnusAra usakA saMkSita paricaya isa pustaka meM diyA hai / yadyapi bhinna-bhinna kaviyoM aura kAvyoM kA mUlya A~kane meM unake jo vicAra haiM unase pAThakoM kA mata-bheda ho sakatA hai, parantu isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki do dRSTiyoM se yaha nayI sAmagrI bahuta hI upayogI ho sakatI hai, eka-to hindI ke zabda bhaNDAra kI vyutpattiyo kI chAnabIna karane ke lie aura dUsare sAhityika abhiprAyoM (moTipha ) aura varNanoM kA itihAsa jAnane ke lie | aba vaha samaya yA gayA hai jaba aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se pratyeka zabda ke vikAsa ko DhU~DhanA zrAvazyaka hai / zabda aura artha donoM kA vikAsa aitihAsika paddhati para bane hue hindI - kopa ke dvArA hI hameM jJAta ho sakatA hai / kisa zabda ne hindI meM kisa samaya praveza kiyA aura kaise kaise usakA rUpa badalatA gayA evaM grartha kI dRSTi se usameM kitanA vistAra, saMkoca yA parivartana hotA rahA, ina bAtoM para prakAza DAlane ke lie hindI ke aitihAsika zabdakoSa kI bar3I zrAvazyakatA hai / jisa prakAra aMgrejI bhASA meM DaoN0 mare dvArA sampAdita 'ksaphorDa mahAkopa' meM samasta aMgrejI sAhitya se hara eka zabda kI kramika vyutpatti aura artha - vikAsa kA ve kiyA gayA hai, isI prakAra pratyeka hindI zabda kI nija-vArtA yA antaraGga aitihAsika paricaya ke lie hameM hindI sAhitya ke aMga-pratyaMga evaM samasta prakAzita aura aprakAzita granthoM kI chAnabIna karanI hogI / isa kArya ke lie jaina sAhitya kI bahuta bar3I upAdeyatA hai ! yaha sAhitya abhI taka bahuta kucha prakAzita hai / isake prakAzana ke lie sabase pahale prayatna honA cAhie / dhArmika bhAvukatA se bacakara Thosa sAhityika samIkSA kI dRSTi se ina granthoM kA sampAdana Avazyaka hai / aba yaha bAta prAyaH sarvamAnya hai ki hindI bhASA ko apane vartamAna svarUpa meM Ane se pahale apabhraMza-yuga ko pAra karanA par3A / vastutaH zabdazAstra aura sAhityika zailI donoM kA bahuta bar3A varadAna apabhraMza bhASA se hindI ko prApta huA hai | tukAnta chanda aura kavitA kI paddhati apabhraMza kI hI dena hai| hamArI sammati meM apabhraMza kAvya ko hindI se pRthak

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(6) ginanA ThIka nahIM / apabhraMza kAla (8 va 11 vIM sadI) hindI bhASA kA kAla hai / hindI kI kAvyadhArA kA mUlavikAsa solaha yAne apabhraMza kAvyadhArA meM antarnihita hai, ata eva hindI sAhitya ke aitihAsika kSetra meM apabhraMza bhASA ko sammilita kiye vinA hindI kA vikAsa samajha meM nA asambhava hai / bhASA-bhAva- zailI tInAM dRSTiyoM se apabhraMza kA sAhitya hindI bhASA kA abhinna aMga samajhA jAnA caahie| apabhraMza ( 8-11 va sadI), dezI bhASA ( 12-17 vIM sadI) aura hindI ( 18 sadI se Aja taka ) ye hI hindI ke Adi, madhya aura anta tIna caraNa haiM / lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdi se apabhraMza bhASA meM sAhitya nirmANa kA kArya prArambha ho gayA thA jaisA ki daNDI ke kAvyAdarza ke eka ullekha se jJAta hotA hai 1 " zrAbhIrAdigiraH kAvyeSvapabhraMza iti smRtAH / 1 / 36 " arthAt grapabhraMza vaha bhASA hai jo grAbhIrAdikoM kI bolI hai aura jisameM kAvya racanA bhI hotI hai / valabhI ke rAjA guhasena ( 556-566 ) ko eka tAmrapatra meM unheM saMskRta - prAkRta apabhraMza tInoM bhASAoM meM kAvya racanA karane meM nipuNa kahA gayA hai / "saMskRtaprAkRta apabhraMza bhASAtrayapratibaddhaprabandharacanAnipuNatarAntaHkaraNa: " (iMDiyana eNTIkerI 10 / 284 ) kintu utanI prAcIna apabhraMza kavitA ke udAharaNa ajJAta hai / lagabhaga grAThavIM zatAbdi meM svayam nAmaka mahAkavi ( 760 I0 ) ne harivaMza purANa aura rAmAyaNa kI apabhraMza bhASA meM racanA kI jo hameM upalabdha hai| usake anantara to apabhraMza ke aneka kAvya milate haiM aura purAnI hindI ke udaya ke bAda bhI apabhraMza bhASA kAvya racane kI paripATI satrahavIM zatAbdi taka jArI rahI / purAnI hindI kA paricaya sarvaprathama hameM rAsA sAhitya ke dvArA prApta hotA hai| rAsA kI paripATI bhI sAtavIM zatAbdi ke lagabhaga astitva meM yA cukI thI / vAgbhaTTa ne rAsA sAhitya kA ullekha kiyA hai / hindI meM pRthvIrAja rAso prasiddha hai, yadyapi usakA jo vartamAna svarUpa hai vaha bArahava

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( 10 ) zatAbdi kI bhASA ke bAda kA hai| jaina sAhitya meM choTe bar3e saikar3oM rAsA grantha surakSita haiM aura bhASA kI dRSTi se ve sAhitya ke itihAsa ke lie mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiN| jaisA Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jaina sAhitya meM hindI kAvya-zailI ke aMkura nihita haiN| dasavIM zatAbdi meM puSpadanta kavike dvArA yazodharacaritra aura nAgakumAracaritra do carita-kAvyoM kA apabhraMza bhASA meM nirmANa huA / ina carita-kAvyoM kI paramparA meM hI Age cala kara gosvAmI jI ne rAma caritamAnasa kA nirmANa kiyA / kahIM-kahIM to sAmya vilakSaNa hai / rAmAyaNa ke zrArambha meM sajjanoM aura durjanoM ke svabhAva kA jo varNana hai, vaha prAcIna kavisamaya kI eka mAnya paripATI ke anusAra hI hai / puSpadanta aura dhanapAla ne bhI apane kAvyoM ke prArambha meM duSTa aura sajjana svabhAvoM kA varNana kiyA hai jo bahuta kucha gosvAmI jI ke varNana se milatA hai / tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha prabhAva kaI dizAoM meM pUrI taraha jAnA jA sakatA hai| pustaka meM jaina gadya sAhitya kI ora bhI ucita dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| inameM zrI rAmaraccha kRta 'pradyumnacarita' aura 'mRtAmeNasI kI khyAta' ullekhanIya haiM / dUsare grantha kA paricaya to hindI jagat ko pahile bhI mila cukA hai, kintu pradyumnacarita jisakI eka prAcIna prati (saM0 1668 kI likhI huI ) jainamandira dillI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita he zIghra prakAza meM AnA cAhie / AzA hai, hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa kI isa navIna sAmagrI kI ora hindI jagat ucita dhyAna degA / vizeSakara sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane vAle vidvAn yadi zrAlocanA- pradhAna dRSTi se isa para vicAra kareMge to hindI kA bahuta upakAra hogA / 20-11-46 } - vAsudevazaraNa agravAla

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do zabda zrIyuta paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne hI pahale-pahale hindI jaina sAhitya ko TaTolA thA aura apanI zodha ke pariNAma-rUpa unhoMne san 1627 I0 meM 'hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' nAmaka pustaka prakAzita kI thii| hindI ke vidvajjagat meM usakA bar3A zrAdara huA thA / kintu prathama saMskaraNa samApta hone para vaha durlabha ho gaI / vidvajjanoM ko vaisI pustaka kA prabhAva khaTakane lagA / san 1640 meM jaba hama zrI gommaTezvara ke mahAmastakAbhiSekotsava ke prasaMga meM zravaNabelagola gaye hue the aura lauTate hue, bambaI ye the to vahA~ hameM prophesara grA0 ne0 upAdhye jI mile| unhoMne hameM hindI jaina sAhitya ke uddhAra ke lie preraNA kI / unake grAgraha ko hama TAla na sake aura unase isa dizA meM pragati karane ke lie vacanabaddha ho gye| maMthara gati se hindI sAhitya ke zodhana aura anveSaNa kA kArya yadyapi ukta ghaTanA ke bAda se hI hamane prArambha kara diyA thA, parantu usako tIvra preraNA zrI bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI dvArA pracAlita 'sAMskRtika-nibandha-pratiyogitA' kI sUcanA se milI / san 1644 kI garamI ke dina the / tatra kisI aMgrejI patrikA meM hamane ukta sUcanA par3hI thI / nibandha likhakara bhejane kA samaya yadyapi atyalpa, kula tIna cAra mahIne hI zeSa thA, parantu hamane nizcaya kara liyA ki isa pratiyogitA ke lie hindI jaina sAhitya para hI likheMge / premI jI prabhRti apane mitroM ko hamane 'hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' likhane kI apanI bhAvanA vyakta kI / prAyaH sabane yahI likhA ki yadyapi yaha kArya stutya hai parantu usakI pUrti ke lie hameM jayapura, nAgora, dillI Adi ke zAstra bhaNDAroM kA nirIkSaNa svayaM vahA~ jAkara karanA cAhiye / yaha satparAmarza thA, parantu isake anurUpa vartanA hamAre lie eka Ter3hI samasyA thI / ghara para akele hone ke kAraNa dIrgha kAla ke.

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( 12 ) lie bAhara jAnA hamAre lie azakya thA / yoM to hamArA prAyaH sAga samaya sAhityAnveSaNa evaM lekhana meM hI bItatA pA rahA hai, parantu ghara se bAhara jA kara apane samaya kA sadupayoga karanA, icchA hote hue bhI hama kabhI na kara sake yaha bAdhA thI jo hameM utsAhahIna kara rahI thI; parantu nizcaya jo kara cuke the| ___hamane jayapura, dillI, AgarA, indaura Adi sthAnoM ke apane mitroM ko likhA, kyoMki hamane yaha taya kiyA ki ukta sthAnoM ke zAstrabhaMDAroM kI sUciyoM se dekhakara zAstroM ke grAdi-aMta ke graMza ma~gA kara ghara para hI dekheNge| isa kArya meM jaina siddhAntabhavana pArA kI graMthasUcI evaM 'anekAnta' meM prakAzita huI sUciyoM se hameM bahuta sahAyatA milii| hamAre mitroM meM se jinako hamane likhA thA, kevala zrI pannAlAla jI agravAla, dillI, zrIyuta paM0 nemicandrajI zAstrI, ArA aura zrIyuta paM0 nAthUlAla jI zAstrI, indaura ne hamAre kArya meM sahayoga dene kA AzvAsana diyaa| unake sahayoga se hI hama isa racanA ko racane meM saphala hue| isa lie eka taraha se isakI racanA kA sArA zreya unhIM ko prApta hai aura isake lie hama unakA jitanA AbhAra svIkAra kareM thor3A hI hai / bhAI pannAlAlajIne dillI ke kaI zAstrabhaMDAroM se le-lekara ve sabhI grantha jaldI-jaldI bhejane kI kRpA kI jinake lie hamane unako likhaa| kaI choTI-moTI racanAtroM kI pratilipi karake bhI unhoMne bhejii| unakI sahayoga-bhAvanA aura utsAha nissandeha sarAhanIya hai| pArA ke jaina siddhAntabhavana se grantha bhejane kA anugraha zrI nemicaMdra jI ne kiyaa| paM0 nAthUlAlajI ne indaura ke zAstrabhaNDAra se katipaya uddharaNa lekara bheje, alabattA jayapura ke mitroM se hameM sahayoga nahIM milA aura vhN| ke bhaMDAroM kI nidhi hamAre liye achUtI rahI ! isa taraha hama apane manoratha ko saphala banAne meM kathaJcit kRtakRtya hue / tIna-cAra mahIne ke alpa samaya meM hamane saba hI anthoM ko par3hA aura itihAsa likhA bhI / itihAsa kI pAMDulipi likhane meM sthAnIya utsAhI yuvaka zrI manamohanalAla jI ne hamArA hAtha ba~TAyA

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( 13 ) thA-hama unako isa prasaMga meM bhulA nahIM skte| vaha bhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| prAcIna racanAtroM ke uddharaNa upasthita karane meM bar3I kaTinAI yaha rahI ki mUlagrantha kI eka hI prati prAyaH hamAre sammukha thI aura usa eka prati ke AdhAra se pATha kA saMzodhana karanA ati-sAhasa kA kArya thaa|' isa avasthA meM hamane mUla pATha ko na badalanA hI zreSTha samajhA-mUla prati meM jo pATha jaisA thA, usako vaisA hI uddhRta kiyA hai| vidvAn pAThaka isa lie uddharaNoM meM kahIM-kahIM truTiyA~ pAyeMge; parantu kheda hai ki unako sudhArane ke lie hamAre pAsa koI cArA nahIM thaa| prastuta pustaka ke viSaya meM hama kucha nahIM kahanA caahte| vaha pAThako ke hAtha meM hai aura vaha usake guNa-doSa ko svayaM jaakeNge| phira bhI pustaka meM Ayojita hindI jaina sAhitya ke kAlavibhAga ke aucitya kA samarthana kiye binA hama nahIM raha skte| saMbhava hai ki katipaya vidvAn hamAre isa kAlavibhAga se sahamata na hoM; parantu hamArA kAlavibhAga nirAdhAra nahIM hai| hamane yaha vibhaktIkaraNa bhASA aura bhAva ke parivartana ke AdhAra se kiyA hai / isa lie usakA apanA mahattva hai| isase pahale zAyada kisI ne bhI isa prakAra kAlavibhAga kA prAyojana nahIM kiyA thA aura na apabhraMza sAhitya ke kramika parivartana kA paricaya hI kahIM anyatra karAyA gayA thA / isa dRSTi se prastuta racanA apane DhaMga kI pahalI kRti kahI jAve to anucita nahIM hai| prastuta racanA meM zrI paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ke 'hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa' kA upayoga vizeSa rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isake lie hama premI jI ke nikaTa vizeSa rUpa se prAbhArI haiN| anya jina jina srotoM se hamane sAhAyya grahaNa kiyA unakA ullekha yathAsthAna kara diyA hai| una sabake prati hama kRtajJatA jJApana karate haiN| zrI rajisTrAra, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI ke bhI hama zrAArI haiM jinhoMne nibandha-pratiyogitA meM sammilita hone ke lie hameM vizeSa suvidhA

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(14 ) dI / pAThaka yaha jAna kara prasanna hoMge ki uparyukta pratiyogitA meM yaha nibandha parIkSakoM dvArA mAnya huzrA aura isake upalakSa meM lekhaka ko rajata padaka kA puraskAra diyA gyaa| rajisTrAra mahodaya ne isakI mUla pAMDulipi bhI hamako bheja dene kI kRpA kI; kyoMki vidyAbhavana kAg2az2a ke prabhAva ke kAraNa ise zIghra prakAzita karane meM asamartha thaa| anta meM hama zrImAn DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa jI agravAla ema.e., DI.liT, ke vizeSa rUpa se upakRta haiM jinhone isakI bhUmikA likha dene kI kRpA kI hai| sAtha hI hama zrI paM0 mahendrakumAra jI nyAyAcArya, vyavasthApaka, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI ko nahIM bhulA skte| prastuta pustaka unhIM ke prayAsa se itanI jaldI prakAza meM A rahI hai| etadartha hama unake atyanta kRtaza haiM / isa avasara para mAsTara ugrasena jI, ( maMtrI, a0 bhA0 di0 jaina pariSad parIkSA borDa, dillI) bhI hameM yAda A rahe haiN| unhoMne prastuta pustaka ko pariSada-parIkSAlaya ke pAThyakrama meM sthAna dekara isakA pacAra sahaja sAdhya kiyA hai| alIgaMja (eTA), 1 navambara, 19 // vinItakAmatA prasAda jaina

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hindI jaina - sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa

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hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa [ 1 ] upakramaNikA sAhitya zrutajJAna kA apara nAma hai / manuSya ne mana se matipUrvaka manana karake jo 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' vAkya vinyAsa racA athavA prastara pASANa yA kASTha dhAtu meM kalAmayI kRti kI, vaha saba sAhitya hai / sAhitya sundara sukhakara sAkAra jJAna hai, isI liye sAhitya jIvana sAphalya kA sAdhana hai / usameM mAnava anubhUti ke camatkRta saMsmaraNa surakSita haiM, aura jIvana-jAgRti kI jyoti jAjyalyamAna hai| sAhitya mAnava ko sarvatobhadra, sarvAGgapUrNa aura sukhI - svAdhIna banAne ke liye mukhya sAdhana hai / vaha mukti kA sopAna hai| I jaina, 'jina' ke anuyAyI ko kahate haiM aura 'jina' vaha mahApurupa hai jo nara se nArAyaNa huA hai, usane apane satya adhyavasAya se rAga dveSa ko jIta liyA haiM / vaha Atma-vijayI vIra hai / sarvajJa sarvadarzI hai| jaina tIrthakaroM meM sabase antima bhagavAna mahAvIra ( varddhamAna) eka sarvajJa sarvadarzI mahApuruSa the'| jaina sAhitya unhIM vizvopakAraka mahAvIra ko dena hai, unhoM ne jo kahA vaha sarvAMgapUrNa aura sarvopayogI khaa| unakA pravacana pUrvApara- aviruddha, 1 'nigaNTho, Avuso nAThaputo savvambhu, savvadassAvI aparisesaM gANa dassanaM parijAnAti -- majjhimanikAya ( P. T. S., Vol. I, pr. 92-93 ) ke isa uddharaNa se jainoM kI mAnyatA spaSTa hotI hai /

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA niSkalaMka sakala guNAkara aura vizva ke liye upakArI hai, ataH jaina sAhitya-sAgara apAra hai, vizAla hai, gaMbhIra hai| mUlataH vaha arddhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASAmaya thA, uparAnta deza aura kAla kI mAnavI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa vaha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza hindI, gujarAtI, kanaDI, tAmila Adi bhASAoM meM bhI racA gyaa| hameM yahA~ para hindI jaina sAhitya kI aitihAsika ruparekhA para dRSTipAta karanA abhISTa hai| ___jainAcAryoM aura jaina vidvAnoM ne jo bhI suMdara AtmapIyUSa-raMsa se chalachalAtA sAhitya hindI bhASA meM racA, vahI Aja hindI jaina sAhitya ke nAma se abhipreta hai / vaha vizAla hai aura mahattvazAlI bhI; kintu kheda hai ki hindI sAhitya ke mahArathiyoM ne isa amUlya nidhi kI ora A~kha uThAkara dekha bhara lene kA bhI kaSTa nahIM kiyA ! isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki agaNita grantha-ratna aMdhakAra meM vilIna ho gaye aura ho rahe haiN| durbhAgyavaza bhAratavarSa ne jisa dina apane sahiSNu bhAva ko bhulAyA-udAranIti ko uThA kara tAka meM rakha diyA aura sampradAyavAda ke daladala meM vaha phaMsA, usI dina se usakA sAhityika hI nahIM rASTrIya hrAsa bhI huaa| Aja hindI jaina sAhitya ko jAnanevAle kahAM haiM ? aura yadi bhAgyavazAt jAnane kA icchuka bhI koI huA to usako hindI jaina sAhitya kA paricaya karAne vAle sAdhana kahAM haiM ? isa saMkucita rIti nIti kA duSpariNAma bhuktabhogI hI anumAna kara sakatA hai| yaha bAta bhI nahIM hai ki isa saMkucita nIti kA roga sAmAnya gRhasthoM taka hI sImita ho, pratyuta hamAre zikSita mahAnubhAva bhI, isa rUpa meM na sahI dUsare meM sahI, usase achUte nahIM haiN| una para

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saMkSipta itihAsa] sampradAyavAda kA bhUta caDhakara vaha kautuka karAtA hai ki jise dekhakara dAMto tale aMgulI dabAnI par3atI hai| hindI kI una pustakoM ko uThAkara jarA dekhiye jinameM bhArata kA itihAsa athavA deza aura usake nivAsiyoM kA paricaya saMkalita hai, unameM jainiyoM ke viSaya meM pahale to zAyada kucha hotA nahIM aura jaba hotA hai to besira paira kA UTapaTAMga varNana ! uddharaNa dekara usa dayanIya sthiti kA paricaya karAne kA yaha sthala nahIM hai / kheda hai ki sampradAyavAda kA viSa lekhakoM ko unake uttaradAyitva kA bodha hI nahIM hone detaa| isa prasaMga meM hameM yUropavAsI pUrvIya bhASAvijJa vidvAnoM kA smaraNa ho AtA hai, jarA pro0 glAsnappa kI 'Daira jainijmasa' athavA pro0 girinaoN kI 'loM jaina' pustaka lekara dekhiye, unhoM ne apane prAmANika varNana dene meM kucha uThA nahIM rakkhA, kintu bhArata kI rASTrabhASA meM eka bhI aisI pustaka nahIM jisameM yahAM kA sarvAMgINa prAmANika vivaraNa ho! hindI sAhitya ke eka nahIM, aneka itihAsa prakAzita huye haiM, kintu kisI meM bhI hindI jaina sAhitya kA sAmAnya paricaya bhI nahIM milatA, unako par3hakara yaha koI anumAna nahIM kara sakatA ki jainiyoM kA bhI hindI meM koI anUThA sAhitya hai| hindI ke upalabdha itihAsoM meM kahIM to hindI kI utpatti prasaMga meM jaina apabhraMza sAhitya kA ullekha karake cuppI sAdha lI jAtI hai, kahIM do cAra jaina kaviyoM kA nAmollekha karane kI kRpA kI jAtI hai aura kahIM para sApha kaha diyA jAtA hai ki jainiyoM kA sAhitya jainadharma sambandhI aura sAmpradAyika hai, kintu yaha anyAya kevala jainiyoM ke prati hI nahIM, svayaM hindI sAhitya ke liye bhI hAnikara hai|

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA kyoMki hindI jaina sAhitya meM aneka aise grantha ratna chipe par3e haiM jinakA prakAza meM AnA gaurava kI vastu ho sakatA hai / udAharaNArtha kavivara banArasIdAsajI kA 'arddhakathAnaka Atmacarita' hI lIjiye | rahasyapUrNa rUpaka kAvya meM 'upamitabhavaprapaMcakathA' kA hindI rUpAntara sAre sAhitya jagata meM anUThA hai / usakI samakoTi meM a~grejI sAhitya kA 'pilapriksa progresa' hI upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha dekhakara hameM Azcarya hotA hai ki hamAre hindI itihAsa lekhaka vividha hindU sampradAyoM ke kaviyoM aura unake sAhitya kA ullekha karate huye unameM sampradAyavAda kI gandha nahIM pAte kintu jaina sAhitya meM unheM sAmpradAyikatA najara AtI hai / ve yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki hindI sAhitya kI paripUrNatA jainiyoM ke hindI sAhitya kA samAveza kiye binA nahIM ho sakatI / 1 isa prakAra donoM ora se hindI jaina sAhitya upekSA kI vastu rahA hai| jaba gharavAloM ne hI use bhulA diyA--usakI sudha na lI, to bAhara vAloM ko kyA par3I thI jo par3osiyoM kA ghara TaTolate / nissandeha jainiyoM kI upekSA unake hindI sAhitya ke liye ghAtaka siddha huI hai| use kaise koI bhulAye ? jainiyoM ko cAhiye ki ve apane zAstra bhaNDAroM kI khoja kareM aura apane anUThe prantha ratnoM ko prakAza meM laaveN| apanI udAsInatA kA anta kareM aura hindI vidvatsamAja ke hAthoM taka apane grantha ratna pahu~cAyeM, jisase unakA upekSA bhAva bhaGga hove aura paNDita pravara banArasIdAsajI caturvedI ke samAna anya hindI mahArathI bhI hindI jaina sAhitya kA mahattva Ake aura use prakAza meM lAveM /

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] [ 2 ] hindI jaina sAhitya kI vizeSatA aura mahattA - hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane ke pahale yahA~ para yaha dekha lenA aprAMsagika nahI hai ki usakA vAstavika rUpa aura AkAra kyA hai / kyA vAstava meM hindI jaina sAhitya itanA mahattvazAlI aura sarvopayogI hai ki usakA samAveza hindI meM kiyA jA sake ? usakI kyA vizeSatA hai jo usakA adhyayana kiyA jAve ? isameM kisI ko matabheda nahIM ho sakatA ki sAhitya kA mUla uddezya mAnava kA AtmavikAsa karanA hai / sAhitya vahI hai, jo mAnava ko mukti kA sandeza detA ho, use AtmasvAtantrya prApta karane kA mArga sujhAtA ho / buddhi-kauzala aura bhASA viSayaka pAMDitya prApta kara lenA eka cIz2a hai aura Atmabodha ko prApta karanA dUsarI vastu hai / buddhi-kauzala kadAcit manuSya ko mAnava se dAnava bhI banA detA hai / Aja yoropa ke buddhivAdI rASTra isake udAharaNa bane huye haiM / kintu Atmabodhaka sAhitya mAnava ko mAnava hI nahIM, api tu deva banA detA hai / ataH jo sAhitya jagat ko AtmabhAna karAne meM kAraNabhUta hai vaha abhivandanIya hai, mAnava kI vaha apUrva nidhi hai, satsaMskRti kA pratIka hai| Aja 'bhagavadgItA' isI liye lokamAnya ho rahI hai ki usameM vedAnta kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai / vaha mAnava ko aihika aura pAramArthika kartavya pAlana karane kA bodha karAtI hai / use niSkAma karmavIra banAtI hai / ThIka yahI bAta jainiyoM ke hindI sAhitya ke liye bhI caritArtha hai / jaina sAhitya mAnava ko AtmadarzI banane ke liye utsAhita karatA hai

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA aura use Atma svAtantrya-lAbha karAtA hai| jaina sAhitya se vyakti ko apane bhAgya kA svayaM nirmANa aura nirNaya karane ke liye protsAhana milatA hai / vaha vyakti ko athavA samaSTi ko paramukhApekSI aura parAvalambI banAne kA upadeza nahIM detA / usakA saMdeza svAvalambana kA sandeza hai| vaha mAnava buddhi meM gulAmI kI bU nahIM Ane detA / vaha nahIM kahatA ki tumhAre Upara eka Izvara hai jo 'tuma para niyantraNa karatA hai aura tumheM manamAne nAca nacAtA hai| jaina sAhitya batAtA hai ki pratyeka jIva karma karane aura karmaphala bhogane meM svatantra hai / vyakti jaisA cAhe vaisA apane ko banA le / jo Ama boyegA vaha mIThA phala pAyegA aura jo karIra boyegA vaha kA~ToM meM ulajhegA / isa liye indriyoM ko apane AdhIna rakhate huye nyAya pUrvaka jIvana yApana karane kA satparAmarza jaina sAhitya kI apanI vizeSatA hai / jo tumheM svayaM apriya hai, vaha samajho dUsare ko bhI apriya hai / ata eva jaina sAhitya kA sandeza hai ki svAdhIna hokara jio aura anyoM ko jIne do, balki unako sukhI jIvana bitAne meM sahAyaka bano, yaha hai jaina sAhitya kI vicAra maraNI aura usakI apanI vizeSatA / 1 sAtha hI hindI jaina sAhitya kA adhyayana vyakti ke hRdaya ko udAra aura vizAla banAne meM kAraNabhUta hai, vaha mAnava ko saMkucita sAmpradAyikatA kI saMkIrNa galI meM nahIM le jAtA, balki use satya ke rAjapatha para le jAkara unnatamanA banAtA hai / isI liye jaina kavi kahate haiM ki "jaga ke vivAda nAsive ko jina bhAgama hai, jAmeM syAdvAda lakSana suhAyo hai / "

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saMkSipta itihAsa] jaina syAdvAda siddhAnta vyakti ko anekAnta dRSTi pradAna karatA hai| use ekAntavAdI nahIM bnaataa| usakA hRdaya sabako pyAra karatA hai / ahiMsA bhAva kI jAgRta avasthA meM vaha sabakA upakAra karatA hai-vaha sabako samadRSTi se dekhatA hai / usakI vRtti apUrva hotI hai / vaha hotA hai| "lajAvanta dayAvanta prasanna pratolavanta , paradoSa ko DhakaiyyA para upakArI hai| saumya dRSTi gunagrAhI gariSTa sabako iSTa , siSTapakSI miSTavAdI dIragha vicArI hai| vizeSajJa rasajJa kRtajJa tatvajJa dharmajJa , na dIna na abhimAnI masya vivahArI hai| sahajai vinIta pApakiyA soM atIta aiso , zrAvaka punIta ikavIsa gunadhArI hai|" yaha hai jainI nIti jo zrAvaka gRhastha ko vinayI, vIra aura paropakArI banAtI hai| isa vRtti meM vaha matasahiSNu banatA haiapane par3osiyoM se lar3atA nahIM; unakA yathAzakti upakAra karatA hai / vaha matapakSa kA bhrama kisa khUbI se miTAtA hai yaha dekhiye"jaise kAhU deza meM salila dhAra kAraMja kI, . nadI soM nikasi phira nadI meM samAnI hai| nagara meM Thaura aura phailI rahI cahUM ora , jAke viMga bahe soI kahe mero pAnI hai| syoM hI ghaTa sadana sadana meM anAdi brahma , badana badana meM anAdihI kI vANI hai| karama kalola soM usAsa kI bayAri bAje, tAsoM kaheM merI dhuni aiso mUDha prANI hai|"

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA . sAre hI jaga ke prANiyoM meM brahma ghaTa-ghaTavAsI hai| astu bhagavAna ke bhakta ho to pratyeka naranArI kA Adara karounakA upakAra kro| sabase prema karo-sabakI sevA kro| ( Love All & Serve All ) yaha jaina sAhityakA mahattva hai| yahI nahIM ki hindI jaina sAhitya mAnavakI naitika maryAdA aura dharma kI apekSA hI mahattvapUrNa ho, pratyuta sAhityaka dRSTi se bhI usakA apanA vizeSa sthAna hai| sabase bar3A gaurava to hindI jaina sAhitya ke liye yaha hai ki hindI kI utpatti aura nirmANa kI jar3a usameM maujUda hai| hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi prAntIya bhASAyeM jisa apabhraMza prAkRta sAhitya se udbhUta huI vaha sAhitya jainiyoM ke sAhitya-bhaMDAroM meM hI sulabha hai / isa viSaya kI carcA hama Age kareMge aura zAstroM se uddharaNa upasthita karake yaha siddha kareMge ki hindI apane vartamAna rUpa meM kina-kina avasthAoM meM hokara pahu~cI hai| . hindI kI utpatti para prakAza DAlane ke liye hI jaina sAhitya mahattvazAlI ho, kevala yaha bAta bhI nahIM hai, balki usameM prAcIna hindI kA Adi kAvya racA gyaa| yaha eka vizeSatA hai, jise koI hindI lekhaka bhulA nahIM sktaa| hindI ke prathama mahAkavi svayaMbhU jaina hI the| pro0 hIrAlAlajI evaM premIjI ne unake granthoM kA patA vidvajagat ko bahuta pahale diyA thaa| svayaMbhU ne 'harivaMza purANa' aura 'rAmAyaNa' ko dezIbhASA (purAtana-hindI) meM racakara 1. "jo kucha ho yaha kahanA par3egA ki purAnI hindI ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryo' tathA bauddhasiddhoM kA bahuta kucha hAtha thaa|"-pro. gulAbarAya (hi0 sA0 kA su. itihAsa. pR. 7)

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] apanA nAma hI amara nahIM kiyA, pratyuta hindI jaina sAhitya ke gaurava ko bar3hAyA hai / mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne likhA hai: "svayaMbhU kavirAja kahe gaye haiM, kintu itane se svayaMbhU kI mahattA ko nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| maiM samajhatA hU~, AThavIM se lekara bIsavIM sadI taka kI teraha zatAbdiyoM meM jitane kaviyoM ne apanI amara kRtiyoM se hindI-kavitA-sAhitya ko pUrA kiyA hai, unameM svayaMbhU sabase bar3e kavi haiN| maiM aisA likhane kI himmata na karatA, yadi hindI ke kucha jIvita coTI ke kaviyoM ne svayaMbhU rAmAyaNa ke uddharaNoM ko sunakara yahI rAya prakaTa na kI hotI / " svayaMbhU ke kAvya vizAla hone ke sAtha hI prAsAda-guNa-sampanna hai - kAvya ke sabahI sarvoccaguNa unakI kRtiyoM meM milate haiN| rAhulajI to "svayaMbhUke varNana meM hara jagaha navInatA" hI pAte haiN| unakA eka anya graMtha 'svayaMbhU chaMda' nAmaka hAla meM milA hai| usake udAharaNoM meM jinadeva kI stuti-paraka chaMda dekhiye: "tumha paa-kamala-mUle amhaM jiNa dukkhabhAvataviyAI / durudulibhAI jiNavara jaM jANAsu taM karejasu // 38 // X X X " jiNaNA meM chidevi mohajAlu, uppaja devalasAmi sAlu / jiNANA meM kammahUM Niddalevi, mokkhago paisia suha lahevi // 44 // 1" mahAkavi kA hRdaya jinendrabhakti se ota-prota hai aura vaha haiM bhI bar3e srl| jaba vaha apanA 'riTThaNemi cariu (harivaMzapurANa) likhane baiThate haiM to bar3e bholepana se kahate haiM ki 'kyA karU~ ? 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 3=6-362

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA harivaMza - mahArNavako kaise tarU~ ?' unakI mahattA unake sajjana sulabha hRdaya nirgata laghutA varNana meM bhI dekhiye : nihita hai / pAThaka use 10 "vaha svayaMbhu kA karammi, harivaMsamahaNNau ke taragmi / guru-vayaNa- taraMDau laghu Navi--jammaho vi Na oiDa ko vi kavi // " -- 'rAmAyaNa' ko jaba vaha racane baiThate haiM, taba bhI unakA saujanya Age A nAcane lagatA hai| vaha kahate haiM - " vAyaraNu kayAviNa jANiyau - Nau vitti-suttu vakkhANiyau / " kintu unake kAvya kitane sundara, madhura, aura mahAna haiM, yaha par3hane se sambandha rakhatA hai / hameM to yahA~ para kevala hindI jaina sAhitya kI vizeSatA kA digdarzana karAnA iSTa hai / hindI jaina sAhitya ke liye yaha viSaya gaurava kA hai ki usameM hI hindI kA prAraMbhika mahAn kAvya surakSita hai| isake atirikta hindI jaina sAhitya meM kucha aisI sarvopayogI sAhityaka racanAe~ haiM, jo saMsAra ke sAhitya meM bejor3a haiM aura unake kAraNa loka sAhitya meM hindI kA mastaka U~cA hai / udAharaNArtha hama 'arddhakathAnaka' aura 'upamitibhava-prapaMca kathA' kA ullekha pahale kara cuke haiN'| unake atirikta araba aura 1. "hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM isa grantha kA ( arddha kathA * ) eka vizeSa sthAna to hogA hI, sAtha hI isameM vaha saMjIvanI zakti vidyamAna hai, jo ise abhI kaI sau varSa aura jIvita rakhane meM sarvathA samartha hogI / satyapriyatA, spaSTavAditA, nirabhimAnatA aura svAbhAvikatA kA aisA z2abaradasta puTa isameM vidyamAna hai / bhASA pustaka kI itanI sarala hai aura sAtha hI yaha itanI saMkSipta bhI hai, ki sAhitya kI cirasthAyI sampatti meM isakI gaNanA

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saMkSipta itihAsa yUropa meM 'alaphalailA' yA 'IsapakI kahAniyA~' rUpa meM jo kathAsAhitya pracalita hai usakA bhI udgamasrota jainiyoM kA kathAsAhitya hai| hindI jaina sAhitya meM 'paMcataMtrAkhyAna TIkA' 'siMhAsanabattIsI' Adi graMtha ullekhanIya aura lokaraMjana ke sAtha hI zikSAprada haiN| hindI meM jainiyoM dvArA race gaye jyotiSazAstra aura gaNitazAstra bhI apUrva haiN| 'dhavalATIkA', 'trilokasAraTIkA', 'gommaTasAraTIkA' Adi graMthoM meM uccakoTikA gaNita maujUda hai| vizva ko bhArata se hI yaha zAstra mile aura isa viSaya ke jaina graMthoM meM katipaya gaNita to maulika aura azrutapUrva haiN| hindI avazyameva hogii| hindI kA to yaha sarvaprathama Atmacarita hai hI, para anya bhAratIya bhASAoM meM isa prakAra kI aura itanI purAnI pustaka milanA AsAna nahIM / " - zrI paM0 banArasIdAsajI caturvedI / 9. Characteristic of Indian narrative art are the narrtives of the Jains" :-Dr. Hoernle. 'kalAmaya bhAratIya kathAsAhitya kA mukhya lakSaNAtmaka aMza jainiyoM kA kathA sAhitya hai|" -DaoN0 hoNrnle| 2. "yathArthataH gaNita aura jyotiSa vidyA kA zAna jainamuniyoM kI eka mukhya sAdhanA samajhI jAtI thii| "mahAvIrAcArya kA gaNitasAra saMgraha graMtha sAmAnya rUparekhA meM brahmagupta, zrIdharAcArya bhAskara aura anya hindU gaNitajJoM ke granthoM ke samAna hote hue bhI vizeSa bAtoM meM unase pUrNataH bhinna hai| udAharaNArtha--gaNitasArasaMgraha ke prazna ( problems) prAyaH sabhI dUsare pranyoM ke praznoM se bhinna haiN| .... 'dhavalA meM varNita aneka prakriyAyeM kisI bhI anya jJAta grantha meM nahIM pAI jAtI, tathA isameM kucha aisI sthalatA kA AbhAsa bhI hai jisakI jhalaka pazcAt ke bhAratIya gaNita zAba se paricita vidvAnoM ko saralatA se mila sakatA hai|"-pro. DaoN. avadhezanArAyaNa siNh|

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA vidvajagat ko unakA jJAna uparokta TIkAoM dvArA sugama hai| kavivara rAyamallajI aura vRndAvanajI ke 'chaMdazAstra' hindI padyaracanA ke liye anUThI racanAyeM haiM-unameM kaI anUThe chaMdoM kA ullekha hai| hindI jaina sAhitya meM subhASita graMtha bhI aneka haiM / kavivara bhUdharadAsa kA 'jinazataka', budhajanajI kI 'satasaI', kavivara chatrapati kI 'manamodanapaMcazatI' Adi graMtha par3hane se hI tAlluka rakhate haiN| hindI jaina sAhitya kI eka aura vizeSatA usake aitihAsika aura gadya graMthoM meM sannihita hai| jaina vidvAnoM ne apane graMthoM ke anta meM jo prazastiyA~ likhI haiM ve aura jinamUrtiyoM ke AsanoM para aMkita zAsanalekha itihAsa vivaraNa se pariplAvita milate haiN| bhArata ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa ke liye ve amUlya sAdhana haiN| 'mUtAneNasI kI khyAta' jaise aitihAsika grantha bhI jainoM dvArA likhe gaye haiN| 'vikramacaritra', 'bhojaprabandha', 'kumArapAlacaritra' Adi aise graMtha haiM jinameM bahuta kucha aitihAsika vRtta saMkalita haiM / kavivara banArasIdAsajI kA 'Atmacaritra bhI' tatkAlIna aitihAsika vArtA se otaprota hai| jainiyoM ne aitihAsika khoja meM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ko bhI ullekhanIya sahAyatA pahu~cAI thii| karnala TADa sA0 ko rAjasthAna likhane meM jaina yati jJAnacaMdrajI se sahAyatA milI thii| udhara hindI gadya zailI ke Adi praNetA bhI saMbhavataH jainI hI haiM, gadya viSaya kA nirUpaNa hama Age ke pRSThoM meM kreNge| isa prakAra itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI hindI kA jaina sAhitya mahattvazAlI hai| jainiyoM ke hindI sAhitya para yaha AkSepa kiyA jAtA hai ki

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] vaha kevala zAntarasa pradhAna hai--usameM zRGgArarasa kA abhAva hai,. isaliye vaha nIrasa hai / kintu jaina sAhitya meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA dUSaNa na ho kara bhUSaNa hI ho sakatI hai / zAntarasa pradhAna honA to usake liye gaurava kA kAraNa hai, kyoMki manuSya prakRti se hI zAntimaya prANI hai| duniyA~ kI zAntipUrNa ghar3iyoM meM hI satyaM zivaM sundaram - kalA kA sRjana hotA AyA hai| sAhitya ke anUThe ratna- prasUna zAnta mastaka aura zItala hRdaya se hI prasUta hote haiM / udvigna mastiSka aura asthira citta jagat ko lokopakArI sthAyI sAhitya nahIM de sakatA / ata eva jainiyoM ne zAntarasa ko pradhAnatA dekara mAnava prakRti ke anurUpa aura usake liye upayogI kArya kiyA hai / 13 sAhitya mAnava jIvana kA nirmAtA hai / sAhitya rASTroM ko banAtA aura bigAr3atA hai| jaisI vicAradhArA sAhitya meM bahAI jAtI hai, vaisI gatividhi rASTrakI hotI hai / mug2ala sAmrAjya kAlameM phArasI ke kaviyoM ne sakAma prema kI dhArA bahAkara rAjaparivAra ko vilAsapUrNa banA diyA | kAmukatA bar3ha gaI / yathA rAjA tathA prajA kI nIti hamAre yahA~ hamezA caritArtha huI hai / hindI kavi bhI taba usa vilAsitA se ladI huI kavitA se prabhAvita huye / usa samaya zreSTha kavitA kA mApa zRGgArarasa kI parAkASThA mAnA gyaa| pariNAma svarUpa hindI kaviyoM ne maryAdA dharma ko uThA kara tAkqa meM rakha diyA aura unako yaha gAte huye tanika bhI lajjA na huI ki : "jagahU te kaThina saMyoga paramArI ko / " ucchRMkhalatA kI parAkASThA kA nagna pradarzana nimna chaMda meM dekhiye :---

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14 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA "kA~pata gAta sakAta batAta hai, sA~karI khori nizA a~dhiyArI, pAtahU ke kharake charake dharake, ura kAya rahe sukumArI, bIca bodhA race rasa rIti, mano jaga jIti cukyo tehi vArI / ryo duri keli kare jaga meM, nara dhanya vahAM dhani hai vaha nArI // " jagata vaise hI vAsanA meM aMdhA ho rahA hai, usapara jagata kI vAsanA ko zRGgArarasa kI oTa lekara aura bhI bhar3akAyA jAve, to isakA artha yahI hai ki kavi jagata ke hiye kI bhI phor3anA cAhatA hai ! mahilAoM kA bhUSaNa zIla aura lajjA hai, kintu hindI kaviyoM ne unake una svabhAvajanya guNoM para ghAtaka vAra kiyA hai / mahilA kA mahatva aura usakA Adarza vyaktitva unakI najara meM samAtA nahIM / unakI dRSTi meM vaha kAminI banakara nAcatI hai aura unake nikaTa yaha vAsanApUrti kI vastu hai / kauna samajhadAra isa vicArasaraNI ko sarAhegA? jarA dekhiye kavi ThAkura ke isa vAkya ko aura sociye ki kyA eka guNavatI kulavadhU usako sunanA pasaMda karegI "rUpa anUpa daI diyo tohi to, mAna kiye na sayAna kahAve / vIra suno yaha rUpa javAhira, bhAga bar3e virale koU pAve // ThAkura sUmake jasa na koU, udAra sune saba hI uThi dhAveM / dIjiye tAhi dikhAya dayA kari, jo calidUra tai dekhani Ave // " rasakhAna ne to "mo pachitAvo yahai ju sakhI ke kalaMka lagyo para aMka na lAgI" kahakara bhaktivAda kA divAlA hI nikAla diyA hai| isa dUSita vicArasaraNI kA prabhAva rASTra ke liye ghAtaka siddha kyoM hotA / hindUrASTra kA patana usakA hI kuphala kyoM na mAnA jAya ! jaina kaviyoM ne yaha g2alatI nahIM kI / kavi banArasIdAsajI ke samAna

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] 15 vivekI puruSa bhI usameM bahe, paraMtu vaha tatkSaNa saMbhala gaye / unhoMne apanI zRGgArarasa kI racanA hI nadI meM pheMka kara naSTa kara dI aura zRGgArI kaviyoM kI bhartsanA karake kahA: "aise mUDha kukavi kudhI, gaheM mRSA patha daura / raheM magana abhimAna meM, kaheM aura kI aura // vastu sarUpa lakheM nahIM, bAhija dRSTi pramAna / mRSA vilAsa vilokake, kareM mRSA gunagAna // " kaisA mRSA gunagAna, yaha bhI kavivara ke zabdoM meM suniye "mAMsakI granthi kuca kaMcana kalasa kaheM, --- kaheM mukha caMda jo saleSamAko gharu hai / hADake darzana Ahi hIrA motI kahe tAhi, mAMsake adhara oTha kahe free hai | hADa daMbha bhujA kahe kaula nAla kAma judhA, hAr3I ke thaMbhA jaMghA kahe raMbhA tara hai / yoM hI jhUThI jugati banAveM au kahAveM kavi, ete pai kaheM hameM zAradA ko varu hai // " kavivara bhUdharadAsajI ne isIliye kaviyoM ko bodha dene ke liye kahA thA: " rAga udaya jaga andha bhayo, sahaje saba logana lAja gaMvAI | sIkha binA nara sIkhata hai, viSayAnike sevanakI sudharAI // tApara aura raceM rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinakI niThurAI / aMdha asUzani kI aMkhiyAna meM jhoMkata haiM raja rAma duhAI // " binA sikhAye hI loga viSayasukha sevana kI caturatA sIkha rahe haiM, taba rasakAvya racane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? yaha to logoM ke prati bar3I niSThuratA hai / isa niSThuratA ko lakSya karake Age

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA kavivara vidhAtA ko ulAhanA dete haiM aura kahate haiM ki hariNI kI nAbhi meM tumane kastUrI kyoM banAI ? zRGgArI kaviyoM kI jIbhoM meM banAte to acchA thaa| kavivara ke hRdaya meM vizvahita kAmanA hilore le rahI thI, usakI preraNA hI kA pariNAma yaha chanda samajhiyeH"he vidhi bhUla maI tuma te, samajhe na kahA kastUri bnaaii| dIna kuraMgana ke tana meM, tRna daMta ghare karanA nahiM bhAI // kyoM na karI tina jImana je, rasakAmya kareM ra ko dukhdaaii| sAdhu anugraha dujaina daMDa, duhu sadhate visarI caturAI // " jahA~ zrRMgArI kavi nAyikAoM ke stanoM ko svarNakalazoM kI aura unake zyAmala aprabhAga ko nIlamaNi kI DhaMkanI kI upamA dekara prazaMsA karate haiM, vahA~ jaina kavi unake liye suMdara saMbodhaka ukti ko caritArtha kara kucha aura hI kahate haiN| dekhiye vaha :"kaMcana kumbhana kI upamA, kahi deta grojana ko kavi vAre / kapara zyAma bilokata ke, mani nIlama kI laMkanI raMka DhAre / / yo sata baina kahe na kupaMDita, ye yuga AmiSa piMka upAre / sAdhana jhAra daI muMha chAra, maye ihi heta kidhauM kuca kAre // " isa prakAra hindI jainavaina meM sAhityaka zailI kA nirvAha prauDha saMyama aura sAttvika buddhi ko Age rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| zRMgAra rasa sarvathA burA nahIM hai, kintu usakI ati burI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne usa ati kA anta karane ke liye hI zAntarasa pradhAna vANI kA alakha jgaayaa| vaise rasa to koI bhI burA nahIM hai| jaina zAstroM meM yathAvasara zrRMgAra rasa kI sAtvika dhArA bhI bahatI milatI hai|

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] kavivara banArasIdAsajI ne to navarasa - gaMgA nimnalikhita eka chanda meM bahAkara apane racanAkauzala kA paricaya diyA hai : zobhA meM zrRMgAra base vIra puruSAratha meM, hiye meM komala karunA rasa bakhAniye / Ananda meM hAsya ruMDa muMDa meM virAje rudra, bIbhatsa tahA~ jahA~ glAni mana bhaniye // cintA meM bhayAnaka athAhatA meM adbhuta, mAyA kI arucitA meM zAnta rasa mAniye / yeI navarasa bhava rUpa yeI bhAva rUpa, inaha ko vilakSaNa su dRSTi jaga jAniye // 17 nissandeha jaba hRdaya meM subodha prakaTa hotA hai taba hI navarasa kI vilAsakalikA * prasphuTita hotI hai / yahI to kahate haiM kavivarajI : guna vicAra zrRMgAra, vIra uddima udAra ruSa / karunA sama rasarIti, hAsa hirade uchAha sukha // aSTa karama dakamalana, rudra barate tihi thAnaka | tana vileca vIbhatsa, duMda dukha dazA bhayAnaka // adbhuta anaMtabala citaivata, zAMta sahaja vairAga dhruva / navarasa vilAsa paragAsa taba, jaba subodha ghaTa pragaTa huva // yaha hai jaina sAhitya kI vizeSatA / viveka usakA patha-pradarzana karatA hai aura usake bhAvoM ko anuprANita karanevAlI vizvapremapUraka ahiMsA hai| 2

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA [3] hindI kI utpatti kA mUla jaina sAhitya aura usakA kAlavibhAga sAhitya kA sRjana lokakalyANa ke liye hotA hai; lokaraMjana kA bhAva lokakalyANa kI bhAvanA meM chipA rahatA hai aura loka taka pahu~cane ke liye bolacAla kI bhASA ko sAhitya kA mAdhyama banAyA jAtA hai| camatkRta rasapUrNa vAkyoM kA saMvarddhana aura saMgraha sAhitya meM hotA calatA hai, vahI to sAhitya kahA jAtA hai| hA~, yaha Avazyaka hai ki sAhitya meM camatkAra lAne ke liye usameM samayAnusAra naI zailI, naye bhAva aura naye niyamoM kA samAveza kiyA jAtA rhe| isa samAveza kA pariNAma yaha avazya hotA hai ki bolacAla kI bhASA meM aura usake AdhAra se banI huI sAhityika bhASA meM antara par3a jAve, kintu yaha antara maulika nahIM hotA, kyoMki sAhityika bhASA apane mUla srotabhUta pracalita lokabhASA se bilakula dUra nahIM jA paatii| to bhI, ina donoM bhASAoM meM paraspara sAmaMjasya banAye rakhane ke liye samayAnusAra sudhAra aura parivartana kiye jAte haiN| ina sudhAroM ke phalasvarUpa jaba kabhI kAlAntara meM prAcIna bhASA meM itanA adhika parivartana ho jAtA hai ki vidvAna mAnate haiM ki eka naI bhASA kA janma ho gayA hai| Aja bhArata meM jo aneka bhASAyeM pracalita haiM unakA udgama isa prAkRta niyama ke anusAra hI huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM isa deza meM prAkRta bhASA kA prAbalya thaa| vaha deza-bheda ke kAraNa yadyapi ardhamAgadhI, mAgadhI, zaurasenI Adi bhedarUpa mAnI jAtI hai, parantu mUlataH ve eka

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saMkSita itihAsa] bhASA ke hI aneka prAntIya rUpa haiN| unameM paraspara koI aisA maulika bheda nahIM hai jo unheM eka dUsare se uttarI aura dakSiNI dhruva ke samAna bhinna prakaTa kre| deza ke bhinna bhinna prAnta ke loga apane apane DhaMga se prAkRta ko bolate the| mAlUma hotA hai ki unake bolane ke DhaMga se hI prAkRta bhASA ke uparyullikhita dezabheda astitva meM aaye| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanA dharmopadeza denA prAraMbha kiyA aura ma0 buddha ne apanA mata pracalita kiyA, taba ina donoM mahApuruSoM ne prAkRta bhASA ko apanAyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI arddhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM granthabaddha kI gaI aura buddhadeva ke upadeza pAlI prAkRta meM likhe gye| isa prakAra jaina tIrthakara aura bauddhadharma pravartaka kA Azraya pAkara prAkRta bhASA deza kI rASTrabhASA ho gii| samrATa azoka ne apane rAjazAsana aura dharmalekha prAkRta bhASA meM hI likhAye the| kucha aisA jJAta hotA hai ki azoka ke samaya taka sAhityika prAkRta bhASA bolacAla kI prAkRta bhASA se dUra bhaTaka gaI thI aura usameM utanA mela nahIM raha gayA thaa| pariNAmataH isI samaya ke lagabhaga sAhityika prAkRta ko janasAdhAraNa ke liye bodhaprada banAne ke uddezya se usakA saMskAra kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra jisa prAkRta bhASA kA janma huA vaha uparAnta apabhraMza prAkRta khlaaii| isa apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa jaina kavi caNDa ke vyAkaraNa grantha meM dekhane ko milatA hai aura vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usakA sAdRzya azoka ke sahabAjagar3hI aura sAsArAma ke dharmalekhoM kI bhASA se hai| ataH usake janmakAla kA ukta prakAra se anumAna karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hai|

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2. [hindI jaina sAhitya kA azoka ke pazcAt bhArata ke rAjazAsana meM aneka krAntikArI parivartana hue / bhAratIya sampradAyavAda kI saMkIrNatA meM pha~sakara eka dUsare se vaira karane lge| magadharAja ne cAhA ki vaha sArvabhauma samrAT vane, paiThaNa ke zAtakarNI nareza ne bhI bhArata cakravartI banane kI ThAnI aura udhara kaliMga cakravartI jaina samrATa aila khAravela ne sAre bhArata kI hI prAyaH digvijaya kara ddaalii| samrAT khAravela kI digvijaya kA pariNAma yaha avazya huA ki bhArata kI phUTa se lAbha uThAkara jo zaka-zAhI bAdazAha bhArata meM ghusa Aye the aura unameM se damatraya ( Demetrius ) rAjA mathurA taka zAsanAdhikArI ho gayA thA, vaha mathurA chor3akara bhAga gyaa| kintu yaha saphalatA kSaNika thii| isake kucha samaya bAda hI zaka loga phira bhArata meM A jame aura vaha yahA~ ke hokara rhe| isa vizeSatA ne unheM bhAratIya saMskRti se prabhAvita kiyA / unameM se adhikAMza brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM dIkSita hue / bhAratIyoM aura zakoM meM paraspara sAmAjika AdAna pradAna bhI huaa| ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki bhArata kI tatkAlIna rASTra bhASA apabhraMza prAkRta para una videziyoM kI bhASA kA prabhAva pdd'taa| ve usakA ucAraNa apane DhaGga para karate the yaha sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / tatkAlIna prAkRta bhASAoM ke sAhitya ke upalabdha hone aura usakA adhyayana kiye jAne para, usakI tulanA kavi caNDa ke 1. jarnala oNra dI bihAra aiDa modIsA risarca sosAiTI, mA0 11 . 277-280 / 2. bhANDArakara kamomorezana vaoNlyUma ( kalakattA ) pR. 281-187 //

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saMkSipta itihAsa] banAye hue apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa se kI jA sakatI hai aura taba hI isa viSaya para navIna prakAza par3ane kI sambhAvanA hai, jisake AdhAra se koI ThIka nirNaya kiyA jA sake / __ kintu bhArata ke durdina vahA~ hI samAna nahIM hue| zakoM ke pazcAt yahA~ hUNa aura araba ke musalamAnoM ke bhI AkramaNa hue| unameM se adhikAMza isa deza meM basa bhI gaye aura usa samaya bhI deza meM aneka parivartana hue| pariNAmataH kavi caNDa kI batAI huI apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA kA svarUpa bhI parivartita hotA calA aura navavIM dazavIM zatAbdi meM usane jaina sAhitya meM surakSita apabhraMza bhASA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, yadi yaha kahA jAya to anucita nahIM hai; kyoMki bhASA kA parivartana ekadama nahIM hotaa| aise parivartana samayAnusAra kramavartI aura bAhya prabhAvoM ke RNI hote haiN| apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA para AbhIra logoM kI bolI kA saba se jyAdA prabhAva par3A batAyA jAtA hai / isa apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA meM kucha aisI vizeSatAyeM bhI batAI jAtI haiM jo usase pUrva kI prAkRta bhASAoM meM nahIM pAI jAtI aura vaha videzI prabhAva se mukta bhI nahIM hai| pro0 hIrAlAlajI ve vizeSatAyeM mukhyataH tIna batAte haiM 1. kAraka aura kriyA vibhaktiyoM kI bahuta kucha mndtaa| 2. bahuta se aise dezI zabdoM aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga jinake ki samarUpa saMskRta meM nahIM pAye jAte / 3. tukabaddha chaMda kA prAdurbhAva / 1. bhaviSyadattakapA (G.O. S. Baroda ) kI bhUmikA dekhiye|

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] hindI jaina sAhitya kA ___ antima vizeSatA apabhraMzabhASA ke liye anUThI hai aura vaha aisI mahattvapUrNa hai ki usakA anukaraNa Ajataka sAhitya meM hotA A rahA hai / kucha logoM kA yaha khayAla hai ki tukabaddha chaMda kA prayoga bhAratIya kaviyoM ne musalamAna kaviyoM se sIkhA hai, kintu isa bAta ke ThIka nirNaya ke liye bhAratIya sAhitya kI khUba khoja karanA Avazyaka hai| hindI bhASA kI utpatti yadyapi kinhIM vidvAnoM ne vikrama saMvat 700 se mAnI hai, parantu unheM caMdabaradAI (saM0 12251249 ) se pUrva kA eka bhI avataraNa nahIM milA hai / saM0 770 meM kisI puSya nAmaka kavi dvArA bhASA ke dohoM meM eka alaMkAra grantha likhe jAne kA ullekha milatA hai, paraMtu yahA~ bhASA se bhAva prAkRta mASA kA ho sakatA hai, kyoMki eka samaya prAkRta bhI bhASAnAma se saMbodhita kI jAtI thii| sambhavataH yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA kA ho 1. zivasiMha saroja ke kartA aura mizrabandhuoM ke isa mata kA umlekha aura usapara apanA vivecana paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne apane hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ke pRSTha 16 para kiyA hai| itihAsamahodadhi sva. kAzIprasAdajI jAyasavAla ne nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA meM 'purAnI hindI kA janmakAla' zIrSaka lekha meM hindI kA janmakAla sAtavI zatAbdi batalAyA thaa| kintu bA. zyAmasundaradAsajI ne apanI hindI bhASA aura sAhitya' nAmaka kRti meM evaM paM. rAmacandrajI zukla ne apane 'hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa' meM purAnI hindI kA janmakAla yathAkiMcit 12vIM zatAndi kA madhyabhAga ThaharAyA hai, (dekheM jainasiddhAMtabhAskara, 4. 206 ) 14. candradhara zarmA gulerI ne bhI 'nA. pra. patrikA' ( bhAga 2 2 pR. 172-101) meM purAnI hindI' zIrSaka eka khojapUrNa lekha

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saMkSipta itihAsa] sakatA hai, aura yaha upalabdha bhI nahIM hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdi se pahale ke hindI grantha nahIM milate haiN|' hindI kI utpatti bhale hI 7vIM zatAbdi meM mAnI jAya, paraMtu usake sAhityika rUpa kA janmakAla 12vIM zatAbdi mAnanA hI upayukta hai / abhI to isa samaya se pahale ke grantha apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA ke hI milate haiM / yadi apabhraMza bhASA ko hI prAcIna dezI bhASA yA hindI mAnA jAve to bAta dUsarI hai| hA~, yaha bAta avazya hai ki usa prAcIna apabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya meM hindI bhASA kI jar3a maujUda thii| 'apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA ke sAhitya se hI uparAnta hindI kA janma huA'-yaha spaSTataH jAnane ke liye Aiye pAThaka, pahale apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya meM prAcIna hindI ke pUrva AbhAsa kA digdarzana kara leN| jainiyoM ke liye yaha gaurava kI bAta hai ki apabhraMza bhASA kA sAhitya prAyaH unake AcAryoM dvArA hI racA gayA thaa| yahI kyoM, balki vikrama se pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdi se lagAtAra Ajataka kI mukhya mukhya bhAra. tIya bhASAoM ko apane sAhitya dvArA jIvita rakhane kA zreya jaina likhA hai, jisameM unhoMne jaina apabhraMza sAhitya se aneka avataraNa diye haiM, parantu ve bhI terahavIM zatAbdi se pUrva ke nahIM haiN| 1. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 19-20 / 2. pro0 gulAbarAyajI ema. e. ne apane hindI sAhitya kA mubodha itihAsa pa. 4 para hindI sAhitya ke kAlavibhAga ke antargata boragAdhA kAla arthAt saM0 1050 se hindI kA itihAsa prAraMbha kiyA hai| pro. dhIrendra varmA ne mAdhunika mArya bhASA kAla san 1... I. se vartamAna smaya taka mAnA hai|

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA AcAryoM ko hai / unhoMne hI prAkRta bhASAoM ko apane dharma - pracAra kA mAdhyama banAkara unheM sAhitya kA rUpa diyA / sArA brAhmaNa sAhitya dekha jAiye, usameM rAjazekhara jaise inegine hI udAharaNa aise kaviyoM ke mileMge jinhoMne prAkRta bhASA kI ora kucha saccI sahAnubhUti prakaTa kI aura use apanAyA / zeSa saba ora se vahI 'bhASAraNDAyAH kiM prayojanam' kA zubhAzIrvAda milA hai| hA~, nATaka granthoM meM avazya kucha prAkRta ke vAkya milate haiM / paraMtu sva0 paM0 candradharazarmA gulerI ke zabdoM meM 'vaha kevala paMDitAU yA nakalI yA gar3hI huI prAkRta hai... vaha saMskRta muhAvare kA niyamAnusAra kiyA huA rUpAntara hai, prAkRta bhASA nahIM hai' ( nA0 pra0 patrikA bhA0 1 aM0 2 pRSTha 8 ) ataH yaha nissaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhArata meM apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA ko madhyakAla ke prAraMbha se jainiyoM ne hI vizAla sAhityika rUpa diyA / alabattA bauddhoM ke caurAsI siddhoM meM sarahapA nAma ke eka siddha ne kucha dohe ke grantha avazya race the, jinakA samaya san 769 se 809 anumAna kiyA gayA hai / unake dohoM ke yaha namUne haiM 24 jahi mama pavana na saMcaradda, ravi tahi vaTa citta visAma karu, sarahe ghorandhAra candamaNi, jimi ekhukaNe, duriA parama mahAsudda Chasin - gaGgA purAtasthAMka, 1933, pR0 246 // jaina apabhraMza sAhitya meM sarvaprAcIna upalabdha racanAyeM mahAkavi svayaMbhU aura AcArya zrI devasena kI haiM / mahAkavi sasi nAhiM pavesa / ubesa // kahiya joa karei | azeSa hareha //

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saMkSipta itihAsa] svayaMbhU kA samaya vi0 saM0734 ke bAda kA hai| unake race hue granthoM kA ullekha hama pahale kara cuke haiN| unakI apabhraMzabhASA ko vidvajjana prAcIna hindI hI mAnate haiM, hai bhI vaha hindI ke bahuta nikaTa / dekhiye : "baDDamANa-muha-kuhara-viNiggaya, rAma-kahANae eha kamAnaya / akkhara-vAsa-jaloha-maNohara, suyalaMkAra-chaMda-macchohara / dIha-samAsa-pavAhAvaM kiya, sakkaya-pAyaya-puliNAlaM kiya / desIbhAsA-ubhaya-taDujala, kvi-dukkr-ghnn-sh-silaayl|" mahAkavi svayaMbhU ke pazcAt vi0 saM0 990 meM zrIdevasenajI ne 'darzanasAra' kI racanA kI thI aura usI samaya ke lagabhaga 'tattvasAra' aura 'sAvayadhammadohA' bhI unhoMne race the| unake nimnalikhita dohoM kA sAmya hindI bhASA se kaisA baiThatA hai, yaha dekhiyeH suNu daMsaNa jiya jeNa viNu sAvaya guNa Navi hoi / jaha sAmaggi vivajiyaha sijmai kajju na koh| ise hindI meM yU~ kaha sakate haiM: suna darzana jiya jA vinA zrAvaka guNa nA hoi , jima sAmagri vivarjite sIjhe kAja na koh| aura bhI dekhiye:eha dhamma jo Ayaraha cau baNNaha maha koha / so garaNArI bhanvayaNa suraiya pavaha soi / ise hindI meM aise kaha sakate haiM: eha dharma jo bhAcare caturvarga meM koya , so naranArI mamba ana puragati pAye soya /

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA zrI devasena ke race hue grantha 'tattvasAra' kA patA hameM mainapurI jaina maMdira ke eka guTakA meM lagA hai| usakA namUnA bhI dekhiye :so UNa taccasAraM, raiyaM muNiNAha devaseNeNa " jo sahiThThI bhAvara, so pAvadda sAsayaM sokkhaM / ina ullekhoM se hindI bhASA kA sAdRzya apabhraMza prAkRta se spaSTa hai, kintu sAdRzya dikhalA kara hI saMtoSa dhAraNa kara lenA hameM abhISTa nahIM hai, balki apabhraMza bhASA kI racanAoM se zatAbdi prati zatAbdi ke uddharaNa upasthita karake hama hindI ke vartamAna rUpa ke AvirbhAva kA vikAsakrama spaSTa kara denA cAhate haiM / ataeva nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM pratyeka zatAbdi ke sAhityoddharaNa upasthita kiye jAte haiN| pahale hI dasavIM zatAbdi ke uddharaNa muni rAmasiMhajI ke race hue 'pAhuDa dohA' grantha ( vi0 saM0 1000 ) se dekhiye: 26 -- mUdA deha ma rajjiyaha deha Na appA hoi, dehahiM bhiNNau NANamau so tuhu~ appA joha / isako hindI meM aise paDhA jA sakatA hai: , mUr3ha deha meM raMjita hote, deha na AtmA hoya deha se bhinna jJAnamaya, so tU AtmA joya / eka dohA aura par3hiye : , tihuyaNi dIsaha deu jiNa, jiNavari tihuvaNu eu jiNavari dIsaha sayalu jagu ko vi Na kijjai bheTha / hindI meM isakA yaha rUpa hogA: tribhuvana meM dIkhe deva jinavara meM tribhuvana eha, jinavara dIkhe sakala jaga koI na kariye bheda /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] mahAkavi dhavala bhI dasavIM zatAbdi ke vidvAn haiN| unakA racA huA 18000 zloka pramANa 'harivaMzapurANa' kAraMjA se upalabdha huA hai / usameM bha0 ariSTanemi, bha0 mahAvIra aura mahAbhArata kI kathA varNita hai / kavi kI bhASA kA namUnA bharatakSetravartI videha deza ke isa varNana meM dekhiye:jaMbUdIvahiM sohaNu asesu, iha bharata khettiNaM suraNivesu / dhara harihiM sarihiM surauvavaNehiM, Asihi mahisihi parugohaNehi / gAmihi goThihi kohi purehi, bahu vihasAyahi kamalAyarehi , arthAt isa jambUdvIpa meM zobhAyamAna, suraloka ke samAna bharatakSetra hai / usameM parvata, nadI, devopavana, Azikhi, mahiSI, godhana, gA~va, goSTi, koTa, pura va aneka vikasita kamalAkAroM se susajjita bhuvanaprasiddha videha deza hai| isa zatAbdi ke kavi panadeva apane 'pAsaNAha cariu' meM isa bhASA ko dezI bhASA kahate haiM: "vAyaraNu dekhi sahattha gAr3ha chaMdAlaMkAra visAla pAda / sasamaya-parasamaya viyArasahiya, avasahavAva dUreNa-rahiya // " gyArahavIM zatAbdi ke sAhityakAroM meM mahAkavi puSpadaMta mahAn haiN| unake race hue 'mahApurANa' 'yazodharacaritra' aura 'nAgakumAra caritra' prakAza meM A cuke haiN| apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya ke ye mahAkAvya haiM / kavi kI racanAzailI aura bhASA kA namUnA isa chaMda meM dekhiye: gaMdau sammai sAsaNu sammai, gaMdaTa paya suhaNaMdaNu garavA / ciMtita citiu varisa upAusu, naMda gaMNu hou diihaausu||

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28 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA NaMNu ho saMbhavaMtu vupavittahUM, Nimmala daMsaNaNANa caritahUM / NaMNa hou uppaMca kallANai, royasoya khayakaraNa vihANahUM // mahAkavi puSpadanta ne apanA 'nAgakumAracaritra' NaMNa nAmaka mahAnubhAva ke liye racA thA / uparyukta chaMda kavi ne unako hI lakSya karake likhe haiM / hindI meM hama unako isa prakAra par3ha sakate haiM | Anando samyak zAsana sammati, Anando prajA sukha nAMdo narapati | cinte cinte barasa ika bItA, nAMdo NaMNa hoya NaMNa hoya dIrghAyuSa / NaMNa ko sambhava NaMNa ko hove darzana jJAna ho upajai, nirmala paMcakalyANaM, roga zoka kSayakaraNa caritram / vidhAnaM / 1 kavi dhanapAla, muni zrIcaMdra Adi kavigaNa bhI gyArahavIM zatAbdi ke ratna haiM / zrIcaMdramuni aNihalapuranareza mUlarAja prathama vi0 saM0 998 se 1043 ke samakAlIna the / unhoMne choTI choTI rocaka kathAoM se pUrNa eka kathAkoSa racA thA / dekhiye inakI bhASAracanA hindI ke kitane nikaTa pahu~catI hai: paNaveSpiNu jiNa subi suddhamaI, ciMtai maNi muNi siriccandu kaI / saMsAra asAra sabbu athiru, piya puta mitta mAyA timiru | khaNi dI sai khaNi puNu ussaraha, saMpaya puNu saMpahe aNu harai / jaNu giri vAhiNi veyagaU, lAyaNNu vaNNu kara salila saU / jIvita jalavubvaya pheNa Nihu, harijAlu varajju avajju gihu / isa kavitA ko hindI meM batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yaha to svayaM subodha hai / ise purAnI hindI kaheM to atizayokti na hogI / isa grantha ko tatkAlIna kathAsAhitya kA sarvopayogI aMza samajhiye |

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saMkSipta itihAsa] __ prasiddha zvetAmbarAcArya zrI hemacandra ne bhI apane 'vyAkaraNa' grantha meM apabhraMza prAkRta ke chaMdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unakI racanA ke namUne dekhiye / eka virahiNI kA citraNa vaha kyA khUba karate haiM : 'ekkahiM akkhihiM sAvaNu annahiM bhavau / mAhava mahiala-sasthari gaNDathale sarau // aGgihiM gimha suhacchI-tilavaNi majjusiru / tei mudheM muha-paGkai AvAsiu sisiru / isI prakAra ke zRGgAra rasa pUraka aura bhI chaMda unakI racanAoM meM milate haiN| bArahavIM zatAbdi meM muni yogacaMdra hue the / unakA racA huA eka grantha 'dohAsAra' nAmaka bhI hai, jise 'yogasAra' kahate haiM / isa grantha kI bhASA bilkula purAnI hindI hai| dekhiye usake uddharaNa yahI batAte haiM: ajara amara guNagaNanilaya jahi appA thira thAi , so kammahi Na ca baMdhayau saMricaya pugva vilAi / arthAt ajara amara guNa nilaya jehi mAtama thirathAya , so karmahi nahiM baMdhayaha saMcita pUrva vilAya / aura dekhiye:__appa sarUvaha jo ramai chaMDavi sava vavahAra , so sammAiTThI havai lahu pAvai bhava pAru / arthAta Atma svarUpe jo ramai chAMdi sakala vyavahAra / so samyakadRSTI bhavai sahaja pAya bhava pAra /

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA uparyukta donoM udAharaNa hindI bhASA kI prAcInatA ko eka Der3ha zatAbdi aura bar3hA dete haiN| hama kaha sakate haiM ki gyArahavIM zatAbdi meM ucca koTi kI racanAyeM purAnI hindI meM racI jAtI thIM / samayAnusAra Age calakara vaha purAnI hindI kaise kaiseparivartita hotI gaI, yaha bhI dekhiye| terahavIM zatAbdi kI racanAoM meM kavi lakkhaNa kRta 'aNuvayarayaNapaIva' aura muni yazaHkIrtipraNIta 'jagatsuMdarIprayogamAlA' ullekhanIya grantha haiN| pahale meM jaina zrAvaka ke vratoM kA nirUpaNa hai, aura dUsarA vaidyaka viSaya kA sarvopayogI grantha hai| ina donoM pranthoM kI bhASA kA digdarzana kIjiye: iha jauNA Nai uttara taDastha, maha Nayari rAyavaDiva pasastha / dhaNa kaNa kaMcaNa vasA sari samiddha, dANuNaNyakara jaNa riddhirikha / kimmIra kamma Nimmiya khANa, saTTala satoraNa viviha vaNNa / paMduya pAyArUSNai sameya, jahi sahahiM NiraMtara sirinikeya / ise hindI meM isa prakAra par3ha sakate haiM:isa jamunA nadi ke uttara taTa pai, mahA nagara rAvaDDiya hai prazasta / dhana kana kaMcana vana sarit samRra, dAna diye kara ucca kiye jana pratibaddha / paMcaraMga kama nirmita ramaNIka, satoraNa sa-aTTa vividha vargIka / pAMDu ucca prAkAra sameta, jaha~ zobhe niraMtara zrI niketa / 'jagatsuMdarIprayogamAlA' kI bhASA kA bhI namUnA dekhiye, jo 13vIM zatAbdi ke uttarArdha kI racanA batAI jAtI hai: NamiNa parama bhattIe sajaNe vimala sundara sahAve, je gigguNe vi kambe iNiti dosA japanti /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] arthAt:namaskAra parama bhakti se sajanoM ko, jo vimala sundara svabhAva ke / yadyapi nirguNa yaha kAvya hai, to bhI doSa na dekheM ve / aura dekhiye: NAyara pacchA taha dADimaM ca magahAe saMjuttaM , bhAguttareNa pIyaM paNAsaNaM gahaNi royassa / arthAta: nAgara patthA va dADima bhI magahA se saMyukta , bhAguttara jo pIjiye nAze gRhaNI roga / zrI vinayacandra kRta 'uvaesamAlA-kahANaya-chapyaya' bhI isa zatAbdi kI ullekhanIya racanA hai / yaha chappaya chaMda meM racI gaI hai, jisakA prayoga hindI kAvya meM vizeSa huA hai| isakA antima chappaya nimna prakAra hai: iNi pari siri ubaesamAla su rasAla kahANaya , tava saMjama saMtosa viNaya vijAi pahANaya / sAvaya sambharaNastha asthapaya chappaya chandirhi, rayaNasiMha sUrIsa sIsa pabhaNai ANaMdihiM / arihaMta ANa aNudiNa udaya, dhammamUla matthai hauM / bho bhaviya bhattisattihiM sahala sayala lacchi lIlA lahau / caudahavIM zatAbdi ke aneka grantha milate haiM, parantu yahA~ para do tIna granthoM ke uddharaNa denA paryApta hai| pahale kavivara vibudha zrIdhara ke race hue 'vaDamANacariu' ko liijiye| inake race hue bhaviSyadattakathA, candraprabhacarita, zAntijinacarita aura zrutAvatAra grantha bhI haiN| 'vaDUmANacariu' kI bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai:

Page #51
32 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA jaya suhaya suhaya riu visahaNAha, jaya ajiva ajiva sAsaNa saNAha / jaya sambhava sambhava hara pahANa, jaya gaMdaNa NaMdaNa pattaNANa / hindI meM ise yU~ par3ha sakate haiM :jaya zobhe subhaga RSi vRSabhanAtha, jaya bhajita ajita zAsana sanAtha / jaya sambhava sambhava hara pradhAna, jaya nandana nandita prApta jJAna / isa caritra ke race jAne kA prasaMga varNana karate hue kavi likhate haiM : ikkahiM diNi garavara gaMdaNeNa, somA jaNaNI ANaMdaNeNa / jinacaraNakamala indidireNa, Nimmalayara guNamaNimaMdireNa / arthAt eka dina garavara nandana ne, jo somA jananI kA Ananda hai / vaha jinacaraNakamala bhramara hai, au nirmala guNamaNi maMdira hai| saMvat 1371 meM zatruJjayatIrtha ke uddhAraka samarAzAha kA rAsa zrI ambadeva ne racA thaa| isa 'saMghapati samarArAsa' kI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabda adhika dikhAI dete haiM :-- vAjiya saGkha asala nAdi kAhala duDuduDiyA , ghor3e caDai sallArasAra rAuta siMgaDiyA / tau devAlau jo trivegi ghAghari khu samakaha , samavi sama navi gaNai koI navi vAriu thakkA / sijavAlA ghara dhaDahAi bAhiNi bahuvegi, dharaNi dhaNakkA raju uDae navi sUsai maago| haya hIMsaha bhArasaha karai vegi vahaha vahalla, sAdakiyA dhaharaha abaru navi deI kuch|

Page #52
saMkSipta itihAsa] isI samaya ke zvetAmbara jainAcArya meratuGgaviracita saMskRta prantha 'prabandhacintAmaNi' meM kucha dohe yatra tatra diye hue haiM, jo apabhraMza-prAkRtabhASA ke haiM aura hindI jaise jAna par3ate haiN| unameM se kucha ko paNDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne nimna prakAra apane 'hindI jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa' meM uddhRta kiyA hai jA mati pAchai saMpajai, sA mati pahilo hoi , muMju bhaNai muNAlavaha, vighana na beDhaha koi / jaha yahu rAvaNu jAiyo, dahamuhu ikku sarIru / janani viyaMbhI cintavA, kavana piyAvA khiir| muMju bhaNai muNAlavai, jumvaNa gayaTa na muuri| jai sakkara sayakhaMDa thiya, toi sa mIThI cUri / ina padyoM ko samajhane meM adhika kaThinAI nahIM hotI, isalie unako purAnI hindI kahanA anucita nahIM hai| pandrahavIM zatAbdi ke aise kaI grantha milate haiM, jinakI bhASA ko hama purAnI hindI kaha sakate haiN| premIjI ne 'gautamarAsA' 'jJAnapaJcamI caupaI' aura 'dharmadattacaritra' isI zreNI ke batAye haiM aura unake uddharaNa bhI diye haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM unake nimna likhita padya dekhiye vIra jiNesara caraNakamala kamalAkayavAso , paNamaki pabhaNisu sAmi sAla goyamagururAso / x x x x jiNavara sAsaNi bhAchaha sAla, jAsu na lambhaha anta bhapAta, paDhA muNahu pUjahu nisunehu, simapaMcamiphala kariyara ehu|

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA kavi narasenaracita 'siddhacakra, zrIpAlakathA' bhI saMbhavataH pandrahavIM zatAbdi kI racanA hai| usakI eka prati hamAre saMgraha meM hai, jo saMvat 1558 kI lipi kI huI hai| ataH narasenajI kA samaya 15vIM zatAbdi kA antima pAda honA saMbhava hai - sATha sattara varSa meM unakI racanAyeM pracAra meM A gaI hoMgI / unakI bhASA prAyaH purAnI hindI se milatI huI hai - vaha usa samaya kI desI bhASA hI hai| unakI racanAzailI ke udAharaNa dekhiye 24 'siddhacakka vihi riddhiya, guNaha samiddhiya, paNaveviNu siddhamunIsara ho / puNu bharakamiNimmala, bhaviyaha maMgala, siddhi mahApura sAmIya ho // ' X X X x jiNavayaNau viNiggaya sArI, paNaviva sarasai devi bhaDArI / sukai karatu kabvu rasavaMtau, jasu pasAi buhayaNu raMjatau / isa kathAprantha meM zrIpAla aura mainAsundarI kA caritra varNita hai / mainAsundarI digambara jaina muni ke pAsa par3hane gaI hai aura guru mahArAja ne use jo zikSA dI hai, use pAThaka avalokana kareM ' pAhaNaha nimitta guNasaMjunta, paDhama sammapiya diyaMbari ho / jiNajiNaya puraMdari, mayaNAsundari, sAmAesiya muNivara ho / sA jeTha kamna punnu paDhaya kemma, buhayaNa viNau taru dei jema / puNu lahuya kuyariNi pANakihaM, paNa vAru vijjAiuha pavarujihaM / vAyaraNu - chaMdu - gADau - muNiu, NighaMTu-takku - lakkhaNa suNiu / puNu amarahu sulaMkAra sohu, Ayayu joisu bUjhiMuggakhohu / jANIya bahatara kalA pahANa, caurAsI khaMDaha taha viNANa / puNu gAha- doha-chappaya saruva, jANIya caurAsI baMdha tuya /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] . chatIsa rAya satta sira DAu, paNa saraha usaThi hattha bhAu / puNu gIya gatta pADagai kanva, pariyANIya satya purANa sabda / chahabhAsA chaha saNa NiyANi, chANava vAla hIya pAkhaMDa jANi / sAmuhiyalakkhaNa muNai soju, te padIya guNIya baudaha viviSNu / bhesaha Usaha gaNa phurai tAhi, aMgula aMgula chANava ivAhi / pujjhai pahAu bahu desa bhAsa, aThAraha livi jANIyANi jaas| Navarasa cau vammahaM muNai meya, jiNasamaha lahIya cAriu nniuhy| rai rahasu kAma sasthuji muNei, puNu kAgaruduttAhi ko jiNei / rakkhANai par3hIya sumuNi hai pAsu, bhaMThANava ihi jIvaha samAsu / e sayala satya pariNaiya tAsu, samAhiguta muNivaraha pAsu / , isa uddharaNa kI bhASA itanI sugama hai ki jarA dhyAna dene se usakA bhAva vijJa pAThaka samajha sakate haiN| khAsa bAta to isameM varNita vidyAoM aura kalAoM kI mahattA hai, jo usa samaya eka ziSTa rAjakanyA ko par3hanA Avazyaka thii| saMskRtabhASA ke atirikta dezIbhASA (purAnI hindI ) ke tIna mukhya chaMdoM-gAthA, dohA aura chappaya kA jJAna alaga se karAyA jAtA thaa| chai bhASAe~ aura aThAraha prakAra kI lipiyA~ sikhAI jAtI thiiN| chai bhASAoM ke nAmollekha nahIM haiN| kheda hai ki kavi ne apane vipaya meM kucha bhI nahIM likhA hai / premIjI ne inakI eka dUsarI racanA 'candraprabhapurANa' kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| solahavIM zatAbdi kI racanAoM meM 'lalitAMgacaritra', 'sAramikhAmanarAsa', 'yazodharacaritra', 'kRSNacaritra' aura 'rAmasItA caritra' kA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu yaha purAnI hindI kI racanAyeM haiN| isa samaya kA kavi mahAcandra kA racA huA 'zAnti

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36. [hindI jaina sAhitya kA nAthacaritra' (vi0 saM0 1587) apabhraMza prAkRta meM hai, parantu phira bhI usakI bhASA duruha nahIM hai / yathA iha jomaNipuru puravaraha sAru, jahu vaMNaNi iha sakku vi asAru / kavi rAjamalla kA 'piMgalazAstra' bhI isI samaya kI racanA hai| vaha tatkAlIna hindI kAvyadhArA aura bhASAzailI kA digdarzana karAne ke lie bar3e mahattva kA grantha hai| kavi ne use nAgora ke koTyadhIza dhanakubera rAjA bhAramalla ke lie racA thaa| rAjA bhAramalla kI prazaMsA meM kavi ne jo padya likhe haiM, unameM se katipaya yahA~ uddhRta kiye jAte haiM svAti buMda suravarSa niraMtara, saMpuTa sIpi dhamo udaraMtara / jammo muktAhala bhArahamala, kaMThAbharaNa sirI avalovala / arthAt surakRta varSA kI svAtibUMda ko pAkara dharmoM ke udararUpI sIpasaMpuTa meM bhAramallarUpI muktAphala utpanna huA aura vaha zrImAlA kA kaMThAbharaNa banA / yaha kaisI sundara kalpanA hai ! nimnalikhita chappaya chaMda meM rAjA bhAramalla ke dainika vyaya kA lekhA kavi ne batAyA hai, vaha dekhiye savAlakkha uggavai bhAnu taha jJAnu gaNijaha , TaMkA sahasa pacAsa roja je karahiM masakkati / TaMkA sahasa pacIsa sutanasuta kharacu dina prati , sirimAlavaMsa saMghAdhipati bahuta baDe suniyata zravaNa , kulatAraNa bhArahamAla sama kauna baDhau caDhahiM kavaNa / isa padya kA artha sugama hai| isase bhAramalla kA vaibhava spaSTa hai| unakA prabhAva bhI bahuta bar3hA-car3hA thaa| akabara bAdazAha kA

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] 37 putra rAjakumAra ( yuvarAja ) bhI unake darabAra meM milane ke lie Akara pratIkSA karatA thA bar3abhAgI ghara lacchi bahu, karuNAmaya divadAna, nahiM kou vasudhAvadhi vaNika bhArahamalla samAna / ThAr3e to darabAra rAjakumara vasudhAdhipati " lIje na ika juhAru bhAramahala sirimAla kula / isa apUrva grantha kA patA zrImAn jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ko nayA mandira dillI ke bhaNDAra kA nirIkSaNa karate hue calA thA / isa grantha meM saMskRta, apabhraMza, prAkRta aura hindI bhASAoM ke chaMdaH zAstrIya niyama diye hue haiM, aura aise chaMdoM ke namUne diye haiM jo apabhraMza, prAkRta aura purAnI hindI ke mizrarUpa meM haiM / sacamuca yaha grantha aisA apUrva hai ki isakA prakAzana bhASAjJAna ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai| kisI prakAzaka ko ise jaldI prakAzita karanA cAhiye / satrahavIM zatAbdi meM to uccakoTi kI hindI racanAyeM racI jAne lagI thIM, kintu usa samaya taka purAnI apabhraMza bhASAmizrita hindI meM racanA karane kA moha janatA se uThA nahIM thA / isa samaya se unnIsavIM zatAbdi taka aisI mizrita bhASA kI racanAyeM milatI haiN| pAThakoM ke avalokanArtha hama unake katipaya udAharaNa yahA~ upasthita karate haiM / hamAre saMgraha meM satrahavIM zatAbdi kA likhA huA eka guTakA hai, jise bra0 jJAnasAgara ne ba0 matisAgara ke paThanArtha likhA thA / usameM eka racanA 'caubIsa tIrthakaroM kA gIta' nAmaka hai / usakI bhASA purAnI hindI hai / dekhiye

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA sayala jiNesara, praNamopAya, sarasvati sAmaNa dho mati mAya , hIyaDe samaru zrI guru nAma, jima mani vaMchita sIsaha kAma / mithilAnayarI mahimA ghaNI, rAjA kumbha tAta teha tnnii| prabhAvati rANi nuM putra sunAtha, kalasalaMchaNa praNamaM malinAtha / indu vANArasa nayara pramANa, eha saMvachara saMkhyA jANi , sapagacha gAyaka vibhAsaNa bhAna, zrIhemavimalasUri jugapradhAna / pUjya siromaNi paNDitarAya, sAdha vijaya giruvA guNa gAya / kamalasAdhu jayavanta muNIMda, nA sIsau bhaNai aNanda / yaha kinhIM kavi Ananda dvArA racI gaI hai| isameM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabdoM kA prayoga unheM rAjasthAna se sambandhita pragaTa karatA hai| . digambara jaina bar3A maMdira mainapurI ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM eka guTakA saMvat 1817 kA lipi kiyA huA hai| usameM eka kRti 'mAlArohaNa' nAmaka hai / yaha jina maMdira ke dvAra para mAlA (baMdanavAra ) bA~dhate hue par3hanA caahiye| yaha eka AdhyAtmika racanA hai / namUnA dekhiyeNamiva jiNavara siddha bhAiriya ujjhAiya payajuyala, Namivi sAhu vamoSa pachalaubvAhavibhavvayaNi kahami, mAla sundara samujvala, vijayarAya haM kuzalatoyA haM. kamarakaTa muNivara hN| dhammaviddhi aNavarau bhambau haM, jiNaiMdaha pAvarakau / santi puNThe jiNakarau samvahaM, mAla paDhanta suNansaya haM / maM vahA pariUsu, uvaNau maMgala vIra tahiM jiNa yandahu savisesu /

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saMkSipta itihAsa yaha zAyada kinhIM vijayarAya dvArA racI gaI hai| mainapurI ke uparyullikhita zAstra-bhaMDAra meM eka anya guTakA saM0 1680 kA likhA huA hai / isameM devasena-kRta 'tattvasAra' muni yogacandra kA 'yogasAra' evaM DhADhasIgAthAyeM, TaMDANArAsa Adi racanAyeM likhI huI haiN| inameM se pahale do grantha to 10 vI, 11 vIM zatAbdi kI racanAyeM haiN| avazeSa 16 vIM, 57 vIM zatAbdi kI racanAyeM haiN| unakA namUnA dekhiye TUTaMti palAlaharaM, mANusajammama pANiyaM dinna / jIvA je haNaNAyA, gAUNa ga rakkhiyA jehiM / viyaliMdiya paMcediya, samaNA amaNA ya pajapajantA / thAvara bAyara sahumA, maNavayakAraNa . rakkhinvA / jo jANai arahanto, davvassa guNastha pajayattehi / so jANadi apANaM, moho khubhu jAi tassa layaM / DhADhasIgAthAyeM 18. x tUM syANA tUM syANA jiyaNe tUM syANA ve / dasaNu NANu caraNu appaNu guNa kyoM taji huvA bhayANA ve| moha mithyAta paDiDa nita, paravasi cahuM gati mAMhi bhayANA ke| narakagatihiM dukha chedaNu, bhedaNu tADaNa tApa sahANA the| dhamma sukala dhari dhyAnu anUpabha, lahi niju kevala NANA ve japati dAsa bhagavati pAvahu, sAsara suhu nivvANA the| ina hI kavi bhagavatIdAsa kI racI huI aura bhI kRtiyA~ isa guTake meM dI huI haiM, jinameM se kucha kI bhASA to bilkula hindI sI hai, jaise-'nemi jiniMda namauM dhari bhAu, sumati sugati dAtA sivraau'|

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. [hindI caina sAhitya kA . isI guTakA meM muni sakalakIrtiviracita 'solaha kAraNaatarAsa' bhI diyA hai jisakI racanA isa prakAra hai vIra ziNesara vasAsa kI goyama paNamesaDa, solaha kAraNa varata sAra tahi rAsu karesara / aMbU dIvaha bhArata kheta magadha chaha desa / rAjagRha chaha nagara hemaprabha rAja dhanesa / ekacittu jo vrata kare nara ahavA nArI , tIrthakara pada so lahaha jo samakita dhaarii| sakalakIrati muni rAsu kiyau e solahakAraNa , paDhahiM guNahiM je saMkha lahi tiha sivasuhakAraNa / isI guTakA meM 'jIva-sulakSaNa-saMnyAsa-maraNa' bhI likhA huA hai, jo isa prakAra hai jIva sulakSaNA ho, jiNaghara bhAsita ema / parigrahA pAhuNA ho vihADai suradharama jema / viharatu suradhaNu jema parigahu, kahA tisa siu rcaa| nita brahmaloka vicAri hiyaData duSTa karamahaM paMcaI / piya putta baMdhuva sayalu avadhU rUpa raMgaNa dekhnnaa| saMvega surati saMbhAli thirumati, suNau jIva sulakSaNA / haMsA durlabhA ho, mukati sarovara tori / indiya vAhiyA ho pIvata vidhayaha niir| ati viSayanIra piyAsa lAgo, viraha vyApati Akulyo / 'cAraha anuprezA surati chariya, ema bhUlo bAvalo / aba hoDa etaDa kahara tetau, subabaMsaha ammnnu| . saMnyAsa maraNau appa saraNau parama rayaNamau guNu /

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saMkSita itihAsa] uparyukta ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki 16 vIM se 18 vIM zatAbdi taka ke samaya meM purAnI hindI apane naye rUpa meM Dhala rahI thI, usameM se apabhraMza ke zabda aura muhAvare haTAye jA rahe the, kavigaNa donoM taraha kI racanAyeM racate the, jaise kavi bhagavatIdAsa ke uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai| kavi haricandajI ne apabhraMza hindI mizrita bhASA ke sAtha hI naye rUpa meM DhalI purAnI hindI meM bhI racanAyeM racI thiiN| unakI do racanAyeM hamAre saMgraha ke saMvat 1934 ke likhe hue guTakA meM surakSita haiM, jinake nAma (1) paMcakalyANa ke prAkRta chaMda aura (2) paMcakalyANa mahotsava haiN| ina donoM ke namUne kramazaH dekhiye9. zakka cakka maNi mukaTa basu, cuMbita gharaNa jineza / gambhAdika kallANa puNa, vaNNau bhakti vizeSa / gabhbha jamma tapa NANa puNa, mahA amiya kallANa / caTaviya zakkA Ayakiya, maNavakkAya mahANa / saudhammidAsa avadhidhArA, kallANa gambha jiNa avadhArA / NayarI racaNA aggAdiNNI, kumvera sikkha sira dhara liNNI / kallANaka NivvANa yaha thira saba par3hi dAtAra / dIje jaNa haricanda ko lIje apaNe sAra / 2. maMgalanAyaka ghandi ke, maMgala paMca prakAra / vara maMgala mujha dIjiye, maMgala varaNana sAra / mo mati ati hInA, nahIM pravInA, jinaguNa mahA mahaMta / ati bhaktibhAva te, hiye cAvate, nahiM yaza heta kahata / sabake mAnanako, guNa jAnanako, mo mana sadA rahaMta / jinadharma pramAvana, bhava bhava pAvana, jaNa haricaMda cht| xx . x

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[hindI jaina sAhitya ko tIna tIna vasu caMdra ye, saMvatsarake bhaya / jeSTha sukka sakSammi subhaga, pUrana padau nisNk| ___isa prakAra pUrvollikhita kAvya ke uddharaNoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kisa prakAra kAlakrama se apabhraMza-prAkRtabhASA parivartita hotI huI hindI ke prAcIna rUpa ko prApta huI thii| jainasAhitya meM hindI kI utpatti kA itihAsa isa prakAra sundara rUpa meM surakSita hai / aba vijJa pAThaka yaha samajha gaye hoMge ki kisa taraha hindIbhASA apane prAcIna aura arvAcIna rUpa meM avatarita huI thii| __ aba yahA~ para yaha dekhanA Avazyaka hai ki hindI jaina-sAhitya kA kAla-vibhAga kisa rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaise to samUcA jaina sAhitya digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kI apekSA do bhAgoM meM ba~TA huA hai, parantu zvetAmbara sampradAya kI hindI racanAyeM atyadhika nahIM haiN| isalie hindI jaina-sAhitya meM vaha bhedavivakSA karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| hindI jaisI rASTrabhASA se sambandhita sAhitya meM aisA koI bheda zobhatA bhI nahIM hai| hA~, samaya kI apekSA se samUcA hindI jaina-sAhitya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa vibhAjanakrama meM bhASA kA rUpa bhI eka kAraNa hai| ina donoM bhAgoM kA hama (1) pUrvayugabhAga, (2) aura navayugabhAga nAma se ullekha kreNge| pUrvayugabhAga meM apabhraMza-prAkRtabhASA aura usase udbhUta purAnI hindIbhASA kI racanAoM kA samAveza hotA hai aura navayugabhAga meM khar3I bolI meM racI gaI Adhunika zailI kI kRtiyA~ AtI haiN| pUrvayuga kA nimnalikhita kAla-vibhAga karanA upayukta hai

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 1. AdikAla-11 vIM zatAbdi se 14 vIM zatAbdi tk| 2. madhyakAla-15 vIM zatAbdi se 17 vIM zatAbdi tk| 3. parivartita mizrabhASAkAla-18 vIM zatAbdi se 19 vIM zatAbdi ke prArambha taka / unnIsavIM zatAbdi ke pUrva madhyakAla se navayugakAla prArambha ho jAtA hai aura vaha aba bhI vartamAna hai| navIna yuga kI sAhityika bhASA para vicAra karate hue usake kAla-vibhAga para yathAvasara prakAza DAlA jaavegaa| -

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AdikAla kA sAhitya aura gadya bhaassaa| (11 vIM se 14 vIM zatAbdi) pUrvayuga kI hindI kA AdikAla do prakAra kI racanAoM se ota-prota hai / jise Aja hama 'hindI' kahate haiM, vaha pahale 'dezabhASA' athavA 'bhASA' nAma se prasiddha thI / 'bhASA-bhaktAmara' kahane se Aja bhI eka jainI samajha jAtA hai ki kahane kA matalaba hindIbhASA meM race hue 'bhaktAmara' se hai| AdikAla meM usa bhASA kI " racanAyeM utanI adhika nahIM milatI, jitanI ki apabhraMza-bhASA kI kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| ata eva isa kAla ko yadi 'apabhraMza-bhASAkAla' kahA jAya to anupayukta nahIM hai| apabhraMza prAkRtabhASA se saMkrAnti karake hI purAno hindI kahiye dezI bhASA astitva meM A rahI thii| usa purAne dezI bhASA sAhitya ke muhAvare aura chanda paravartI hindI meM dekhane ko milate haiM-vaha apabhraMza sAhitya se hindI meM Aye, yaha spaSTa hai / unake kucha udAharaNa dekhiye (1)ru jalaNu varu seviDa vaNavAsu / (2)hauM goraDa hara sAmala / (3) jehA pANahaM jhupaDA (jaisA prANoM kA jhopaDA) (4) chopu achopu (chUta achUta) (5) dehA devali siu vasai (deha devala meM ziva base) (6) maMtuNa saMtuNa dheuNa dhAraNa ! (7)sA puttaho geheM viNi jiviNe; guru sakkara laDDuva levi skhaNe ! (vaha putra neha se dinoMdina guda zakkara ke baDdu kAMtI)

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saMkSipta itihAsa (8) dhaMdha pariyo savala jaga (dhaMdhe par3hA sakala jaga) (9) bhale bhae ji turaMsaha / (10) kivAdaha chuttau vIru ugdhADi turaMtau / (11) miNau kAmasarehi ayaannu| ' (ajJAnI kAmazara se bhiMda gayA) (12) sUru Na bhUlaha hathiyAru / (13) pAi lAgi kara joDi manAvai / (14) khelahu pavaMcu ( khelo prapaMca) (15) gaM aMdhaM laDa vevi NayaNa (mAno andhe ko do nayana mile), isa prakAra apabhraMza-bhASA se parivartita hokara hindI banatI A rahI thI / pAThaka, isa parivartanamaya sudhAra-saMkrAnti kA digdarzana pUrva pRSThoM meM kara cuke haiN| AdikAla ke antima pAda meM avazya hI bhASA-racanAoM kA apanA sthAna ho gayA thA, jo madhyakAla meM jAkara pUrNa vikasita huI thiiN| bhASA ke isa nirmANa meM deza kI tatkAlIna paristhiti kA prabhAva bhI kAraNa thaa| yaha samaya musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa kA thaa| rAjapUta loga apane apane kulAbhimAna aura vaiyaktika mahattvAkAMkSA meM masta the / unheM apane vyaktigata gaurava kI rakSA kA bar3A dhyAna thA, deza ke gaurava kI paravAha kisI ko nahIM thii| rAjapUtoM kI zakti pArasparika pratidvandvitA meM kSINa ho rahI thii| paurANika hindUdharma ke pracAra ne jainadharma ko hataprabha banA diyA thA-rAjapUta loga jainadharma se vimukha ho gaye the-ahiMsA devI kI sAttvika upAsanA kA sthAna hiMsaka bhavAnI ne le liyA thaa| mAMsa aura madirA kA vyavahAra bar3ha gayA thaa| deza kI

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46 [hindI vaina sAhitya kA zAnti bhAga ho gaI thii| vidvAn nizcinta hokara sarasvatI devI kI ArAdhanA karane meM svAdhIna nahIM the| vaNik nirvighna vyApAra karane aura deza ko samRddhizAlI banAne ke lie tarasate the / unako vizvAsa na thA ki jahA~ vaha jame haiM, vahA~ sthAyI rUpa se bane rheNge| kadAcit prabala zatru kA AkramaNa huA to unheM rakSA ke lie anyatra calA jAnA par3atA thaa| kavivara AzAdhara jI aura mahAkavi banArasIdAsa jI ke jIvanacaritra isake udAharaNa haiN| paurANika hindUdharma ko apanAkara rAjapUta loga uddhata aura kulamada ke matavAle bana gaye the / ve vizvahita aura rASTronnati kI punIta bhAvanAoM ko kulAbhimAna kI mAdakatA meM bhUla gaye the| pratyeka kahatA thA ki vaha sarvazreSTha kula kA hai-saba loga usake mahattva ko mAnya kreN| rAjapUtoM meM paraspara vivAhasambandha karate samaya kula kI uccatA aura nIcatA kA bar3A dhyAna rakkhA jAtA thaa| unase bar3hakara yaha gega saba hI jAtiyoM meM phaila gayA aura Ajataka bhArata meM ghara kiye hue hai| rAjakumAriyoM ke rUpasaundarya kI vArtA sunakara rAjapUta yuvaka unake pIche pAgala ho jAte the aura pratidvandvI banakara Apasa meM jUjhane lagate the| isa dayanIya dazA meM deza kI sudha lenevAle rANA pratApa athavA vIra bhAmAzAha jaise vIra virale hI hue / musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM kA mukAbilA karane meM koI bhI saphala na huA / bhArata kI svAdhInatA rAhu-prasta ho gaI ! musalamAna deza meM aneka bhAgoM para zAsanAdhikArI ho gaye ! unhoMne apanI islAma-saMskRti kA pracAra yena kena prakAreNa kiyaa| pariNAmataH deza meM aneka prakAra ke parivartana hue| .

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saMkSipta itihAsa] deza kI aisI paristhiti kA prabhAva sAhitya aura bhASA para bhI pdd'aa| hindI-sAhitya meM zRGgArarasa ke puTa ko liye hue vIrarasapradhAna racanAyeM racI gii| ina racanAoM meM kavi apane AzrayadAtA nareza kI kIrti-kaumudI kA vistAra karane meM hI apanA gaurava samajhatA thaa| isa taraha usa samaya kA kAvya eka paridhi meM sImita ho gayA thaa| prAraMbha meM isa prakAra kI racanAyeM 'rAsA' nAma se pukArI jAtI thiiN| kintu yaha rAsA sAhitya terahavIM zatAbdi se pahale kA nagaNya hai| 'khumAnarAsA' hI eka aisA grantha hai, jise navIM yA dazavIM zatAbdi kA kaha sakate haiM; parantu vaha mUlarUpa meM prApta nahIM hai| upalabdha pratiyoM meM mahArANA pratApa taka kA varNana milatA hai| ataH yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki usameM prakSipta bhAga kitanA hai ? vAstava meM "pRthvIrAjarAso" se hI rAsA-sAhitya kA prAraMbha hotA hai, jise kavi caMdabaradAI ne saMvat 1225-1249 ke madhya kabhI racA thaa| hindI jaina-sAhitya para jaba hama dRSTi DAlate haiM to vahA~ bhI 13 vIM zatAbdi se pahale kA koI 'rAsA' grantha dekhane ko nahIM milatA / yadyapi yaha avazya hai ki abhI jaina bhaMDAroM kI ThIka se vyavasthita zodha-khoja nahIM huI hai aura yaha saMbhAvanA hai ki unameM isase bhI prAcIna rAsA-prantha mila jaave| jo ho, bhASA jainasAhitya 'rAsAoM' se rikta nahIM hai| unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kavi ne unheM kisI vyaktivizeSa kI prazaMsA karane taka sImita nahIM rakkhA hai, balki kavikalpanA kI usameM pUrI ur3Ana lI gaI hai| yadyapi jaina-rAsA khAsakara dharmavArtA ko lekara race gaye haiM, parantu unameM yathAvasara saba hI rasoM kA pratipAdana huA milatA

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Y4 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA hai| unameM adhikAMza caritra-prantha haiN| ve kisI jaina mahApuruSa kI AtmakathA ko citrita karake manuSya ko samudAra nIti aura vizvopakArI dharma kI zikSA pradAna karate haiN| unakA AdhAra bhUtakAlIna caritra-citraNa hai| unake dvArA jaina kavigaNa samaya kI pragati ko protsAhana dete haiM aura bhAratIya itihAsa ke gaurava ko jAgRta karate haiN| udAharaNataH 'jambUsvAmIrAsA' ko liijiye| jambusvAmI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| vaha kevala jJAniyoM meM antima the| gRhasthAvasthA meM vaha apane buddhikauzala aura vIratva ke lie prasiddha the / samrAT zreNika bimbasAra ke AjJAnusAra unhoMne magadha sAmrAjya ke parvatIya zatru ko parAsta karake gaurava prApta kiyA thaa| anta meM bha0 mahAvIra ke saMgha meM dIkSita hokara unhoMne tapa tapA aura mukta hue| isa caritra ko varNita karate hue kavi saba hI rasoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai aura aitihAsika vArtA ko gAthAbaddha banA detA hai / sAtha hI vaha janatA ke samakSa dhArmika zraddhA kA sudRr3ha aura saumya dRSTAnta bhI upasthita karatA hai| isa prakAra jaina-rAsA-sAhitya vIragAthA kI koTi meM to AtA hI hai; paraMtu vaha dharma aura itihAsa kI bhI gAthA hai| AdikAla kI vaha viziSTa racanA hai| pahale yaha likhA jA cukA hai ki AdikAla se hI hindI jaina-sAhitya meM (1) apabhraMza-bhASA (prAcIna dezI ) aura ( 2) dezI (purAnI hindI ) bhASA meM do prakAra kI racanAyeM racI jAtI thiiN| apabhraMza-bhASA kI pustakeM isa kAla meM aneka racI gaI, jinameM se kucha kA ullekha prasaMgavaza pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| vaise isa kAla ke apabhraMza kAvya-jagat meM mahAkavi puSpadanta

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saMkSipta itihAsa] kA sthAna sarvopari hai| prasaMgavaza yahA~ para apabhraMza sAhitya ke pramukha ratnoM para eka dRSTi DAla lenA anucita na hogaa| mahAkavi puSpadanta kAzyapagotrIya brAhmaNa the| kezava unake pitA aura mugdhA unakI mAtA thiiN| ve donoM zivabhakta the| uparAnta ve jainI ho gye| puSpadanta kA zarIra zyAma aura kRza thaa| unake na ghara-dvAra thA aura na dhana-sampatti, vaha akiJcana the, para Akizcanya mahAvratI vaha na the / unakA mana mahAn thA-hRdaya vizAla aura ucca thaa| vaha pahale kinhIM bhairava athavA vIrarAya nAmaka rAjA ke Azraya meM rahe the; kintu kaise hI vahA~ se ruSTa hokara mAnyakheTa meM A rme| usa samaya mAnyakheTa meM rASTrakUTa-nareza kRSNa tRtIya zAsanAdhikArI the / bharata unake rAjamaMtrI the| puSpadanta bharata ke Agraha se unake 'zubhatuga-bhavana' meM rahe the| bharata ke hI anurodha se unhoMne kAvya-racanA kI thii| unakA sabase bar3A kAvya 'mahApurANa' hai, jisako unhoMne zaka saMvat 965 meM racakara samApta kiyA thaa| 'mahApurANa' kI racanA ko kavivara ne apanI mahAn saphalatA samajhI thI / unhoMne svayaM kahA ki "isa racanA meM prAkRta ke lakSaNa, samasta nIti, chaMda, alaMkAra, rasa, tattvArthanirNaya, saba kucha A gayA hai; yahA~ taka ki jo yahA~ hai vaha anyatra kahIM nahIM hai|" 'nAgakumAracaritra' aura 'yazodharacaritra' bhI unakI racanAyeM haiN| mahAkavi puSpadanta ko mAno sarasvatI kA varadAna thA-unhoMne kAvya ke saba hI aGgoM kA pratipAdana amRta AkarSaka DhaMga se kiyA hai| unakA zabdAlaMkAra nimnalikhita padyoM meM dekhane kI cIja hai"tA tammi pattammi taiyammi kAlammi , makkhatta-sohaMta-gayaNaMtarAlammi /

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[hindI baina sAhitya kA kappadumaccheya-payaNiyaSiyArammi , ssibiNb-rvibiNb-dhtthNdhyaarmmi|" kisa prakAra AkarSaka zabdoM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke garbhAvataraNa samaya kA varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| Age dekhiye, kavivara ne kisa khUbI se nimnalikhita padya meM saba hI laghu akSara aura laghu mAtrAoM kA kitanA sundara gumphana kiyA hai"vasahakaraha-kharabarabalahayabharu, harikhuradaliya maliyavaNataNataru / mayagala-mayajala-pasamiya-rayamadhu, dasadisi miliya maNuya kayakalayalu / kasajhasamusala-kulisa-sarakarayalu, jaNavaya payabhara paNaviya mahiyalu / asivara-salila-payaha-dhuya-parihavu, satilaya-vilaya-valaya-khaNakhaNa khu|" bharata cakravartI digvijaya ko jA rahe haiN| unakI caturaMgiNI senA ke calane se jo sthiti huI, dekhie, kavi ne usakA citraNa kitanI suMdaratA se kiyA hai| isI prakAra puSpadanta kA arthAlaGkAra bhI advitIya hai| unakI sUktiyA~ suMdara aura mArmika hai| dekhie, kavi ne 'dharma' kA kitanA samudAra svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai"pucchiyau dhammu jaivajjarai, jo sayalahaM jIvaha daya karai / jo aliyapayaM paNu pariharai, jo saba so rai karai // " yati mahArAja se bhakta ne pUchA-'dharma kyA hai ? uttara meM vaha bole-'dharma vahI hai jisameM saba jIvoM para dayA kI jAya aura alIka vacana kA parihAra karake jahA~ suMdara satyasambhASaNa meM Ananda manAyA jAya / ' "vajai adattu NiyapiyaravaNu, jo pa ghivaha parakalate NayaNu / jo parahaNu tiNasamANu gaNai, jo guNavaMtau bhattie thuNai // "

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saMkSipta itihAsa] jahA~ binA do huI vastu grahaNa na kI jAtI ho aura jahA~ parastrI kI ora A~kha uThAkara bhI na dekhA jAtA ho, balki puruSa apanI priyA meM hI saMtuSTa ho, vahA~ dharma hai| jahA~ parAyA dhana tRNa ke samAna ginA jAtA ho aura guNavAnoM kI bhakti kI jAtI ho, vahA~ bhI dharma hai| "eyaI dhammaho aMgaI, jo pAlai avihgii| __ so ji dhammu sirituMgai, aNNu kidhamma ho siNgiN||" isa prakAra dharma ke aGgoM kA jo pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, vahI dharma hai / aura kyA dharma ke sira meM bar3e sIMga lage hote haiM ? Akhira dharma kyoM pAlana kiyA jAve ? isake uttara meM kakivara kahate haiM : "varajuvai vastha bhUSaNa saMpattI hoi dhammeNa / " arthAt sundara yuvatiyA~ aura mUlyamayI vakhAbhUSaNa Adi sampatti dharma se hI prApta hotI hai| isalie aura isa kAraNa se bhI ki-- "dhamme viNu Na asthu sAhijai , taM asakku Niddhammu Na jumai / " dharma ke binA artha-dhana kI sAdhanA nahIM ho sakatI, ataH Asakta hokara dharma kiye vinA koI yojanA nahIM karanI caahiye| mAnava ko indriya-vAsanA meM ucchRGkhala jIvana nahIM bitAnA cAhiye; balki vivAha karake niyamita saMyama se rahanA caahiye| isIlie kavi batAte haiM ki puruSa kI zobhA sundara ba ko pAkara hI hai| Age kavi kahate haiM ki "sohai mANusu guNasaMpattie / sohaha kamAraMbha-samattie / sohai subhaTa suporisarAhae / sohai varu bahuyAe dhavalacchie // "

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA "jaise manuSya guNa saMpatti se zobhA pAtA hai, kArya kA AraMbha usakI samApti para acchA lagatA hai aura subhaTa apane acche pauruSa se zobhA ko prApta hotA hai, vaise vara-puruSa dhavalAkSI acchI bahU ko pAkara zobhA pAtA hai| saundaryalakSmI ko pAkara koI itarA na jAve, isalie kavivara use saceta karane ke lie hI mAno kahate haiM - "Niyakatihe sasi-biMbu vi Dhalai , lAyaNNu Na maNuyaha kiM galai / " jaba candramA kI kAnti Dhala jAtI hai, taba bhalA manuSya kA lAvaNya kyoM na DhalegA? yuddha aura pauruSa kahA~ upAdeya ho sakate haiM, yaha bhI jarA ina mahAkavi ke mukha se suniye - "raNu caMgau dINapariggaheNa , sayaMgattaNu sajanaguNagaheNa / porisu saraNAiyarakkhaNeNa , dukkhu vi caMgau suta kaeNa // " dInajanoM kI rakSA ke lie lar3AI lar3anA acchA hai, saujanya sajjana puruSa ke guNagrahaNa karane meM hai, pauruSa zaraNAgata kI rakSA karane se prakaTa hotA hai aura acchA tapa tapane meM duHkha sahanA ThIka hai| ___puSpadanta ke atirikta apabhraMzabhASA sAhitya meM usa samaya kavi zrIcandramuni kA 'kathAkoSa' muni rAmasiMhajI kA 'dohA pAhur3a' aura muni yogacandra kA 'paramAtmaprakAza' apane apane viSaya kI bejor3a racanAyeM haiN| ina kRtiyoM kI racanAzailI kA paricaya pahale karAyA jA cukA hai| 'kathAkoSa' sAdhAraNa janatA ko choTI-choTI kathAoM ke dvArA sundara dharmazikSA pradAna karatA

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saMkSipta itihAsa] hai| zeSa donoM racanAyeM adhyAtma viSaya kI haiM, jo vedAnta ke premiyoM ke lie bar3I upayogI haiN| yahA~ upayukta sthala nahIM hai. ki unake antaraGgarUpa kA paricaya karAyA jA ske| 'kathAkoSa' kI eka kathA kI thor3I-sI bAnagI dekhiye -- "magahAmaMDalapaya-suhayarammi , payapAlu rAu pAyali purammi / tattheva ekku kosiu uyAri , nivasai mAyAvi goura-duvAri // 1 // sa kayAi rAyahaMsaha samItu , gau viharamANu surasarihe dIvu / ekkeNa tattha kaya-sAgaeNa , pucchiu haMse vayasAgaeNa // 2 // bho mitta, taMsi ko kahasu etthu , AUmi paesaho kaho kimatthu / dhayaraha ho vayaNu suNevi ghUu , bhAsai hau~ uttama-kulapasUu // 3 // kaya-sAvANuggaha-vihi-payAsu , Ayaho pahu puhaimaMDalAsu / vasavatti savva sAmaMta-rAya , bhahuM vayaNu karaMti kayANurAya // 4 // kIlAi bhamaMtau mahipasattha , tumhai~ nievi AUmi ettha / iya vayaNahiM pariUsiu marAlu , viNaeNa payaM piumaha visAlu // 5 // arthAt--"magadha deza ke sukhada aura ramya pATaliputra nAmaka nagara meM pratipAla rAjA the / usI nagara ke gopura daravAje meM eka ujArU aura mAyAvI ullU rahatA thaa| vaha kadAcit ghUmatA huA surasari dvIpa ke rAjahaMsoM ke samIpa pahu~ca gyaa| vahA~ eka bUr3he hama ne usakA svAgata kara usase pUchA, 'he mitra ! tuma kauna ho aura kahA~ se Aye ho ? isa pradeza meM kisa prayojana se Aye ho ?' dhRtarASTra ( haMsa) ke vacana sunakara ghugghU bolA, 'maiM uttama kulaprasUta huuN| maiM puSpapura maMDala se yahA~ AyA huuN| sarva sAmaMta aura rAjA mere vazavartI haiM aura ve anurAga se mere vacanoM kA pAlana karate haiN| krIDA ke lie bhramaNa karatA huA mahIpoM ke sAtha maiM yahA~ tumhAre pradeza meM A nikalA huuN|' ghugghU ke ye vacana sunakara

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54 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA usa vizAlamati marAla ne vinayapUrvaka usake paira pakar3e uparAnta ghugghU kA mAyAvI rUpa prakaTa ho gyaa|" isa taraha kI AkarSaka aura sarala kathAyeM isameM gumphita haiN| anya apabhraMza, prAkRta bhASA kI racanAoM kA ullekha karanA hamArA uddezya nahIM hai / ataH isa kAla kI hindI racanAe~ dekhie isa kAla kI racI huI purAnI hindI kI kRtiyoM meM vizeSa ullekhanIya kRtiyA~ (1) zrIdharmasUrikA jambUsvAmIrAsA, (2) zrI vinayacandrasUri kI 'neminAtha caupaI', aura (3) zrI ambadevakRta 'saMghapati samarA-rAsa' ityAdi haiN| bArahavIM zatAbdi kA racA huA muni yogacandra kA 'dohAsAra' bhI purAnI hindI ko racanA kahI jAya, to anupayukta nahIM hai| isI ko 'yogasAra' kahate haiN| nissandeha vaha usa samaya kI bolacAla kI bhASA meM racA gayA thA aura usako samajhanA bhI kaThina nahIM hai| isIlie usakI ginatI purAnI hindI kI racanAoM meM kI jAtI hai| usake uddharaNa pahale diye jA cuke haiM, to bhI pAThakagaNa, unakA digdarzana punaH kariye* "dhaMdhaya pariyo sayala jagi Na vi appAhu muNaMti / tiha kAraNa e jIva phuDu Na huNivvANa lahaMti // 51 // " arthAt dhaMdhe par3hA sakala jaga, nahiM appA mana lAi / tisa kAraNa yaha jIva puna, nahiM nirvANa lahAi // aura dekhiye"viralA jANahi tattu buhu viralA NisuNahi tat / viralA jhAyahi tattu jiya viralA dhArahi sattu // 65 // "

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saMkSipta itihAsa isameM thor3A sA parivartana karake dekhie, Ajakala kI hindI ho jAtI hai| viralA jAne tattva budha, virale suneMhi tattva / viralA dhyAye tattva jiya, viralA dhAre tattva // eka udAharaNa aura dekhiye-- "ika upajai maraikuvi duhu suhu bhuMjai ikku / Narayaha jAivi ika jiya taha NivvANaha ikku // 68 // " ise hindI meM yoM padiye eka upajatA maratA eka, dukha sukha bhI bhugate eka / narake jAve eka jiya, tathA nirvANa bhI eka // purAnI aura nayI hindI meM zabdoM kI yaha viSamatA svAbhAvika hai, paraMtu muhAvare donoM ke eka samAna haiN| kheda hai ki adhyAtmarasa kI isa sundara racanAke kartA zrI yogacandrajI ke viSaya meM vizeSa kucha jJAta nahIM hotA / itanA hI patA calatA hai ki vaha muni the aura adhyAtmarasa ke rasika the| unhoMne 'paramAtmaprakAza', 'nijAtmASTaka' aura 'amRtAzIti' nAmaka granthoM ko bhI racA thaa| __'zrI jambUsvAmIrAsA' ko mahendrasUri ke ziSya dharmasUri ne saM0 1266 meM racA thaa| isa prantha ke kathAnaka kA paricaya pahale karAyA jA cukA hai / usake kucha aura uddharaNa dekhiye "jaMbUdIvi siribharahakhitti tihiM nayara pahANau / rAjagRha nAmeNa nayara pahuvI vakkhANau // rAja karai seNiya naridaM naravaraha~ ju sAro / tAsu taNaha (ati) buddhivaMta mati abhayakumAro // "

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{ hindI jaina sAhitya kA sva0 dalAlajI ne isakI bhASA ko gujarAtI anumAna kiyA thA; parantu paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI use purAnI hindI mAnate haiM / unhoMne likhA hai ki- "hamArI samajha meM canda kI bhASA Ajakala ke hindI jAnane vAloM ke lie jitanI durUha hai, yaha usase adhika durUha nahIM hai aura gujarAtI ke sAtha isakA jitanA sAdRzya hai usase kahIM adhika hindI se hai / " ataH ise hindI kahanA cAhiye | . 56 'neminAtha ca upaI' cAlIsa padyoM kA eka choTA-sA grantha hai / ise hama madhyakAla meM race gaye bArahamAsoM kA pUrvarUpa kaha sakate haiM / isameM zrI neminAthajI bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke prasaMga meM rAjamatIjI aura unakI sakhiyoM ke praznottara rUpa meM zRGgAra aura vairAgya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / zrI rAjulajI kahatI haiM: "zrAvaNi saravaNa kaDue mehu, gajjai virahi rikSijahu dehu / bijju sabakkai rakkhasi jeva, nemihi viNu sahi sahiyai keva // " isa padya meM kavi ne 'megha' ke lie 'mehu' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai / yaha 'mehu' zabda kA prayoga Aja taka pracalita hai / 'meha barasatA hai' - isa pada kA prayoga Aja kauna nahIM karatA ? meha ke sthAna para bAdala kA prayoga koI nahIM karatA / isI prakAra 'sahi ' zabda kA prayoga 'sakhi' ke lie karanA bilkula Adhunika hai| aba . padya ke bhAva ko dekhiye / rAjula kA vyAha nemijI se nizcita huA; paraMtu vaha pazuoM para dayArdra hokara toraNadvAra se lauTa gaye aura girinAra parvata para jAkara tapa tapane lage / rAjula ke lie unakA viyoga asahya huA / isa 'caupaI' meM kavi rAjula ke viyoga - viraha ko hI citrita karate haiM / rAjula kahatI haiM ki zrAvaNa meM meghoM kI gaMbhIra garjanA se virahAmi prajvalita hokara deha ko

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] jlaavegii| bijalI rAkSasa kI taraha camakegI / sakhi, bhalA batA to nemi ke vinA maiM yaha saba kaise sahana karU~ ? isake uttara meM sakhI kahatI hai : 'sakhI bhaNai sAmiNi mata jhUri, dujjaNa taNA manavaMchita pUri / gayau nemi tau vinaThau kAi, achai anerA varaha sayAi // " he svAmini, mana meM durjanoM kI taraha jhUro mata, balki manocAJchita kArya pUrA karo / yadi nemi cale gaye to kyA bigar3a gayA ? aura bahuta se vara haiM, jo suMdara haiM, aniyAre haiM / rAjula kahatI haiM ki yaha mata kaho, kyoMki nemi ke samAna koI bhI acchA bara nahIM hai: "bolai rAjula tara iha vayaNu, natthi nemi vara sama vara-rayaNu / dharai teju gahagaNa savitAu, gayaNi na uggai diyara jAu || " isI prakAra ke sarasa praznottaroM meM yaha racanA pUrNa huI hai / hindI jaina sAhitya meM prema kI rIti kA nirvAha nemi -rAjulaprasaMga ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / saMghapatisamarA-rAsa eka caritra gAthA - kAvya hai / aNihallapura paTTana meM osavAla jAti ke dhanI seTha samarAzAha rahate the / unhoMne saM0 1371 meM zatruMjaya tIrtha kA uddhAra agaNita dhana vyaya karake 1. kiyA thA aura saMgha calAyA thA / isIlie vaha 'saMghapati' kahalAye the / unakI isa dAnavIratA kA varNana isa rAsa meM kiyA gayA hai / ise zvetAmbarIya nAgendragaccha ke AcArya pAsaDasUri ke ziSya ambadeva ne racA thA / isa rAjA kAvya ke uddharaNa hama pahale likha cuke haiN| eka padya aura dekhiye

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58 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA "nisi dInI jhalahalahi jema Ugiu tArAyaNu ; pAvala pAru na pAmiyae vegi mahaI sukhAsaNu / bhAgevANihi saMcarae saMghapati sAhu desalu ; buddhivaMtu bahu puMnivaMtu parikamihi sunizcalu // " ina padyoM kI racanA cAraNIya rAsoM se sarala aura subodha hai| isa prakAra Adi - kAla ke katipaya kAvyoM kI racanA kA yaha saMkSipta paricaya hai | Aiye pAThaka, hindI ke prAcIna gadya para bhI eka dRSTi DAla leM / hindI ke gadya sAhitya para dRSTipAta karane para hameM jJAta hotA hai ki pUrva yuga meM gadya ko sAhityikarUpa milA hI nahIM / khusaro aura kabIra ke pahale usa samaya kI khar3I bolI meM gadya-sAhitya likhA gayA ho, yaha patA nahIM claa| alabattA kavi gaGga Adi ne kucha gadya usa bhASA kA likhA thA, jise vidvajjana sAhityika nahIM Had | sAhitya kA AdhAra naye yuga taka padya hI rahA' / kintu hindI jaina sAhitya ke bhaMDAra ko TaTolane para hameM AdikAla se hI hindI gadya ke darzana hote haiM / hindI gadya kA prayoga dharmasAhitya ke nirmANa ke lie terahavIM zatAbdi meM kiyA jAne lagA thA / isa kAla kI gadya-racanAoM ke udAharaNa dekhiye - 1 'jagatsuMdarI prayogamAlA' nAmaka vaidyaka grantha kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / yaha terahavIM zatAbdi kI racanA anumAna kI gayI hai / usameM kahIM kahIM para gadyabhASA kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / eka namUnA dekhiye 1. hi0 sA0 su0 itihAsa, pR0 117 |

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saMkSipta itihAsa] "sula ghATI kAThe maMtra-(zAkinyadhikAre) "kukAsu bADhahi urAme devakau sujAhAsu khADatu, (sUryahAsa khaGga) kukAsu bADhahi hAkau kurahADA lohA, rANau AraNu vammI rANI kAThavattima sANa kIdhiNi je geurihi maMta, te ruppiNihiM toDau sulUke moDalaM sUla ghATIke moDau~, ghATI toDauM kATheke moDau~ kAMThe sUla ghATI ! kAThe maMtra-"uDamuDa sphuTa svAhA" -(anekAnta, varSa 2 pR0 615) 2 sva0 zrI dalAlajI ko pATaNa ke bhaMDAra se caudahavIM zatAbdi kI katipaya gadya racanAyeM milI thIM, jinako unhoMne prAcIna gujarAtI anumAna kiyA thA, paraMtu una racanAoM kI bhASA kA sAmya prAcIna hindI se adhika hai| vAstava meM vaha hindI kI hI racanAyeM haiN| unake racayitAoM ke viSaya meM dalAlajI ne kucha likhA nahIM hai| pahale hI saM0 1330 kI tAr3apatroM para likhI huI 'bhArAdhanA' nAmaka racanA kA namUnA dekhiyea-"paramezvara arahaMta saraNi, sakalakarmanirmukta siddha saraNi, saMsAra-parIvAra-samuttaraNa-yAna-pAtra-mahA-satva sAdhu saraNi, sakala-pApa-paTala-kavala-nakalA-kalitu-keli-praNItu dhammu saraNi / " ba-saM0 1340 kI likhI huI 'aticAra' nAmaka kRtikA yaha aMza dekhiye___ "kAlabelA paDhyaM, vinayahINu bahumAnahINu upadhAnahINu gurunihaNva anerAkaNhaI paDhyaM / " sa-saM0 1358 kA gadya isa prakAra hai___ "pahilau trikAlu atIta anAgata vartamAna bahattari tIrthakara sarvapApakSayaMkara hauM namaskAuM / " -(prAcIna gurjarakAvyasaMgraha, pR0 86-88)

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA ina ullekhoM kI bhASA-saraNI khar3I bolI kI ora jhukI huI-sI hai| jinameM saMskRta ke zabdoM kA bhI bAhulya hai| Adhunika hindI bhI to aisI hI hai| ataH gadya ke vikAsakrama ke adhyayana ke lie bhI hindI jaina sAhitya eka apanA vizeSa dRr3ha mahattva rakhatA hai| AdikAla ke sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana karate hue hama nissaMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki usakI apanI vizeSatAyeM haiM / apabhraMza bhASA jaina sAhitya kA sthAna to bhAratIya sAhitya meM nirAlA hai hI aura usakA adhyayana hindI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM kI utpatti ke lie bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha kahanA asaGgata na hogA ki apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA AdikAla ke prAraMbha meM bolacAla kI bhASA thI aura vahI samayAnusAra parivartita hokara purAnI hindI bana gayI / pAThaka yaha dekheMge ki kucha dUra calakara purAnI hindI jaba musalamAnoM ke samparka meM AyI to kisa prakAra khar3I bolI ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayI / isa kAla kA hindI jaina sAhitya caritra kathA pradhAna rahA hai, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai / sAdhAraNataH hindI jaina sAhitya-prantha mukhyataH cAra viSayoM meM vibhakta kiye jA sakate haiM - ( 1 ) tAttvika athavA saiddhAntika grantha, (2) purANa - kathA - caritrAdi grantha, (3) pUjA pATha aura ( 4 ) padabhajana vinatI Adi / kintu AdikAla meM jo jaina sAhitya racA gayA vaha sAdhAraNa janatA kI hita dRSTi ko rakhakara purAnI hindI meM racA gayA thA, isalie hI usameM caritra graMthoM kI mukhyatA rhii| kucha subhASita-prantha bhI race gaye / tAttvika pranthoM kI pUrti apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA meM race hue granthoM se hotI rahI / gRhasthoM 1

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saMkSipta itihAsa] kI jijJAsA kI pUrti karane ke lie ina caritra-granthoM meM hI paryApta tAttvika sAmagrI maujUda thii| ataH, usa samaya tAttvika granthoM kI utanI AvazyakatA hI nahIM thii| navayugakAla meM tAttvika granthoM kI mA~ga sAdhAraNa janatA meM bar3hI aura taba jainoM ne saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA ke siddhAnta graMthoM kA hindI meM anuvAda upasthita karake hindI meM jaina tattvajJAna kA eka vizAla sAhitya taiyAra kara diyaa| hindI ke lie yaha gaurava kI bAta hai ki use par3ha kara bhArata ke prAcIna tattvajJAna, jyotiSa, gaNita, nyAya Adi zAstroM kI acchI jAnakArI prApta ho sakatI hai / zvetAmbara jaina samAja ne apane 'Agama granthoM' ko isa zatAbdi meM hiMdI rUpa diyA hai| isake pahale zvetAmbara vidvAna svataMtra racanAyeM racA karate the| isa kAla ke race hue pUjA aura stotra graMtha prAyaH nagaNya haiN| isakA kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya janasAdhAraNa prAcIna prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASAoM meM racI huI pUjAoM aura stotroM ko kaNThAna karate the / jainiyoM meM Aja bhI prAcIna stotra Adi kI mAnyatA adhika hai| kintu AdikAla kA hindI jaina sAhitya apanA nirAlA hI mahattva rakhatA hai| vaha mahattva usameM hindI kI utpatti kI jar3a vidyamAna hone evaM hindI gadya ke prAcIna rUpa ko upasthita karane meM nihita hai| jaina bhaMDAroM kI khoja karane para isa kAla kI anya racanAoM ke upalabdha hone kI saMbhAvanA hai|

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madhyakAla kA hindI jaina sAhitya | ( 15 vI se 17vIM zatAbdi ) 1 krAnti ke pazcAt zAntimaya vAtAvaraNa kA honA svAbhAvika hai / hindI ke utpattikAlake Adi meM krAnti kI A~dhI cala rahI thI / musalamAnoM ke AkramaNoM aura vijayoM evaM rAjapUtoM ke pArasparika saMgharSa aura unake patana se pratyeka dizA meM aura jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM uthala-puthala ho rahI thii| kintu yaha paristhiti adhika samaya taka na rahI / vijetA musalamAna bhArata meM basa gaye the / ve apane par3osI hinduoM se prema kA sambandha sthApita karane ke lie utsuka the / par3osI se vaira bisAkara ve sukha kI nIMda so bhI nahIM sakate the / lar3ate-lar3ate ve thaka cale the aura cAhate the, 'ArAma kI sAMsa leM' / udhara rAjapUta loga bhI kSINa-zakti ho gaye the / jaba bhujavikrama kI hI hInatA thI, taba bhalA cAraNa kavioM ke vIra rasa se AplAvita gIta kisa pauruSa ko ubhArate ? pariNAmata: samaya ne phira palaTA khaayaa| bhArata meM phira eka bAra dhArmika lahara AyI / sAhitya saMsAra usase achUtA na rahA / hindIsAhitya jagat meM yaha kAla dhArmika kAla kahalAyA / pahale hI nirguNa pantha ne apane jJAna kA prasAra kiyA / isa pantha kA uddezya hindU-muslima ekatA ko sthApita karanA thA / santa kaviyoM ne nirguNavAda meM hindU aura musalamAnoM kI eka dUsare ke nikaTa Ane kI saMbhAvanA dekhI thI / ve loga 'nAma' kI upAsanA karate aura vaiyaktika dharmasAdhanA ko Avazyaka samajhate the / yadyapi unake alaga-alaga sampradAya the, paraMtu ve eka dUsare ke virodhI

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saMkSipta itihAsa] nthe| hinduoM ne hI mukhyataH nirguNa pantha ko calAyA thaa| isake pratyuttara svarUpa musalamAna sUphI kaviyoM kI ora se premamArgI zAkhA kA janma huaa| ina kaviyoM ke kAvya kI vicAra. dhArA bhAratIya vedAnta ke nikaTa thii| isa prakAra hindI-sAhityasaMsAra meM eka nayA parivartana upasthita huA / nirguNapaMtha meM kabIra, nAnaka, dAdUdayAla, sundaradAsa Adi santa-kavi ullekhanIya haiM / premamArgI zAkhA ko suzobhita karanevAle sUphI kavi kutabana, maMzana, malika muhammada jAyasI, usmAna Adi hue| ____ bhArata ke isa parivartana-prabhAva se jainI achUte na rahe,-va bhI yahA~ ke nivAsI the aura apane par3osiyoM se pRthak nahIM raha sakate the| jaina jagat meM isa parivartana kI prakriyA sarvAGgINa huI; kintu hameM yahA~ para sAhityika-saMkramaNa dekhano abhISTa hai| yaha pahale hI likhA jA cukA hai ki jaina sAhitya prAraMbha se hI dharmapradhAna rahA hai / ataeva yaha yugakAlIna parivartana usake lie anUThA nahIM thaa| yadyapi caritra-grantha likhane kI pUrva-pracalita zailI isa samaya bhI vidyamAna rahI, parantu tAttvika sAhitya bhI paryApta mAtrA meM racA gyaa| kavivara banArasIdAsajI tAttvika sAhitya ke nirmANa karanevAloM meM pramukha vidvAn haiM / unakI racanAyeM adhyAtma aura vedAnta kA rasAsvAdana karane ke lie apUrva haiN| adhyAtmavAda ke upAsaka banakara loga vyAvahArika matabheda ko bhulAne kA udyoga karate the| mUlataH saba hI jana jIva-mAtra meM paramajyoti paramAtmA kI jhalaka ko camakatI huI dekhate the| jaina kavi ne spaSTa kahA thA

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA "eka rUpa hindU turuka, dUjI dazA na koi / manakI duvidhA mAnakara, bhaye ekasoM doi // doU bhUle bharamameM, kareM vacana kI Teka / 'rAma rAma' hindU kaheM, turuka 'salAmAleka' // inakai pustaka vAMcie, ve ha par3he kiteba / eka vastu ke nAma dvaya, jaise 'zobhA' 'jeba' // tinako duvidhA-je lakheM, raMga biraMgI cAma / mere nainana dekhiye, ghaTa ghaTa antara rAma // yahai gupta yaha hai pragaTa, yaha bAhara yaha mAMhiM / jaba laga yaha kachu hai rahA, taba laga yaha kachu nAhiM // " kavi ne isameM eka paMtha do kAja kI ukti caritArtha kI hai| use adhyAtmavAda kA kathana karanA abhISTa hai ; parantu sAtha hI vaha rAjanItika aikya kI AvazyakatA ko bhI dRSTi se ojhala nahIM kara sakA hai| hindU-muslima aikya samaya kI mA~ga thii| kavi ne usakI AvazyakatA kI puSTi karake usa samaya kI sAhityika pragati meM cAra cA~da lagA dene kA kAma kiyA hai| ___ isa kAla kI sAhityika bhASA prAraMbha meM apabhraMza prAkRta kI ora jhukI huI thI; parantu jyoM-jyoM samaya bItatA gayA tyoM-tyoM usameM apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA ke zabdoM aura muhAvaroM kA sthAna saMskRta bhASA letI gayI / isa prakAra isa kAlameM bhASA kA sudhAra pUrNa rUpa se ho gayA thA, balki musalamAnoM ke mukha se nikalI huI hindI kA bhI kucha prabhAva isa nUtana hindI para par3ane lagA thaa| __ aba yahA~ para isa kAla kI racanAoM aura unake racayitAoM kA paricaya diyA hai / paricaya saMkSipta hai aura yahA~ yaha saMbhava

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saMvita itihAsa] nahIM, ki isa kAla kI saba hI racanAoM kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA jA ske| ___ pandrahavIM zatAbdi kI racanAoM meM Adi kAla kI racanAoM se adhika sAmaJjasya hai| premIjI ne isa zatAbdi kI racI huI tIna kRtiyoM, arthAt 'gautamarAsA' 'jJAnapaMcamI caupaI' aura 'dharmadattacaritra'kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake atirikta anya kisI prantha kA patA kahIM se nahIM calatA hai| 'gautamarAsA' ko saMvat 1412 vi0 meM udayavaMta athavA vijayabhadra nAmaka zvetAmbara sAdhu ne racA thaa| yaha grantha chapa bhI cukA hai| gautamasvAmI ke rUpa varNana kA eka chaMda dekhiye "sAta hAtha supramANa deha rUpihiM raMbhAvaru // nayaNavayaNa karacaraNi jiNa vi paGkaja jalipADiya / tejihi tArA caMda sUra AkAsi bhayAriya // rUvihi mayaNu anaMga karavi melihau nihAriya / dhIrima meru gaMbhIri siMdhu caMgami caya cADiya // " / arthAt-gautamasvAmI ke zarIra kI U~cAI sAta hAtha kI thI aura unakA rUpa raMbhA ke rUpa se bhI zreSTha thaa| apane netroM, vacanoM, hAthoM aura caraNoM kI zobhAse parAjita karake unhoMne paMkajoM ko jala meM paiThA diyA thaa| apane teja se unhoMne tArAoM aura candra-sUrya ko AkAza meM bhramAyA thaa| apane rUpa se unhoMne madana ko anaMga (vinA aGga kA) banA ke nirdhATita kara diyA-nikAla diyaa| vaha meru ke samAna dhIra aura siMdhu ke samAna gaMbhIra the| acche caritra ke the| isa prakAra yaha racanA aneka alaGkAroM se vibhUSita hai aura isameM ma. mahAvIra ke samaya kI sAmAjika

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA sthiti kA sundara citraNa huA hai / phalataH yaha eka sundara aitihAsika racanA hai| ___2. jJAnapaMcamI caupaI magadhadeza meM vihAra karate samaya jina udayaguru ke ziSya aura Thakara mAlhe ke putra viddhaNU ne saMvat 1423 meM racI thI / yaha eka dhArmika racanA hai / isameM zrutapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya darzAyA gayA hai| udAharaNa dekhiye "ciMtAsAyara jabi naru parai , ghara dhaMdhala sayalai vIsaraha / kohu mAnu mAyA mada mohu , jara saMpe pariyau saMdehu / dAna na dimau munivara joga , nA tapa tapiu na bhogeu bhogu / sAvayagharahi liyau avatAra , anudinu mani ciMtahu navakAru / " isa chaMda meM pracalita zrAvaka ke dhArmika kartavya kA saMketa hotA hai| nissandeha kavi ThIka kahate haiM ki cintAsAgara meM par3a kara puruSa ghara ke samasta dhaMdhoM ko bhUla jAtA hai / krodha, mAna, mAyA, mada, moha meM yaha jalatA hai aura sandeha meM par3atA hai / isalie hI vaha munivaroM ke yogya na dAna de sakatA hai, na tapa tapatA hai aura na bhoga hI bhoga sakatA hai| kavi kahate haiM ki yadi zrAvaka ke ghara janma liyA hai to Aye dina namokAra maMtra kA ciMtavana kro| zrAvaka ko muniyoM ko dAna denA cAhiye, indriyoM kA nigraha karanA cAhiye aura jinendradeva kI upAsanA meM samaya bitAnA caahiye| 3. 'dharmadattacaritra' kA ullekha premIjI ne mizrabandhuoM ke itihAsa ke AdhAra se kiyA hai| ise saM0 1486 meM dayAsAgara sUri ne racA thaa| solahavIM zatAbdi meM sAhityapragati ko kucha uttejanA milI

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saMcita itihAsa] pratIta hotI hai| isa samaya samrATa akabara kA zAntipUrNa zAsanacakra cala rahA thaa| samrATa akabara svayaM vidyArasika aura adhyAtma dharma-premI the| unhoMne svayaM rAjya kI ora se sAhityanirmANa ke kArya ko protsAhana diyA thaa| unakA apanA vizAla pustakAlaya thaa| aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne svayaM samrATa ke lie saMskRtabhASA kI kaI pustakeM nirmANa kI thii| hindIbhASAsAhitya ko bhI unake samaya meM pragati milI thii| jainasAhityajagat meM isa zatAbdi kI racI huI racanAyeM aneka milatI haive haiM bhI vividha viSayoM kI aura vibhinna rasoM se AtAvita premIjI ne isa zatAbdi kI kRtiyA~ (1) lalitAMgacaritra, (6) sArasikhAmanarAsa, (3) yazodharacaritra, (4) paNacaritra aura (5) rAmasItAcaritra ginAI haiN| 'lalitAMgacaritra' ko vikrama saMvat 1561 meM zrI zAntisUri ke ziSya Izvara sUrine sonArAya jIvana ke putra puMja maMtrI kI prArthanA para banAyA thaa| usa samaya maNDapadurga ( mAMDalagar3ha ) meM bAdazAha gyAsauddIna ke putra nAsiruddIna zAsanAdhikArI the| malika mAphara saMbhavataH unake pratinidhi the| puMja unake maMtrI the| premIjI kahate haiM ki 'isakI racanA bar3I sundara hai, yadyapi usameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza kA mizraNa bahuta hai / ' udAharaNarUpa usake thor3e se padya dekhiye "mahimahati mAlavadesa, dhaNa-kaNayalacchi-nivesa / tihaM nayara maMDavadugga, ahi navau jANa ki sagga // 67 // tihaM atulabala guNavaMta, zrINyAsasuta jayavaMta / samarasya sAhasadhIra, zrI pAtasAha nisIra // 6 // tasu raji sakala pradhAna, guru rUparayaNa nidhAna / ... hiMduA rAya vajIra, zrIpuMja mayaNaha vIra // 19 //

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA sirimAla-vaMzavayaMsa, mAninI-mAnasa-haMsa / sonArAya jIvamaputta, bahuputta paribarajutta // 70 // zrI malika mAphara paSTi, hayagaya suhaDa bahu cahi / zrIpuMja puMja nariMda, bahu kavita keli suchanda // 7 // navarasa bilAsau lola, navagAha geya kalola / nija buddhi bahua vinANi, guru dhammaphala bahu jANi // 72 // iya puNyAcariya prabandha, laliaMga nRpasaMbaMdha / pahu pAsa cariyaha citta, uddhariya eha caritta // 73 // " 'sArasikhAmanarAsa' saMvat 1548 kI racanA hai aura 'yazodharacaritra' usake bAda saMvat 1581 meM racA gayA thA, jise phaphoMdU prAmanivAsI gaurava dAsa nAmaka digambara jaina vidvAna ne racA thaa| ___kRpaNacaritra' saMvat 1580 meM kavi ThakarasI dvArA racA gayA thaa| isa caritra kA kathAnaka bar3A hI rocaka aura zikSAprada hai| premIjI ne isake viSaya meM likhA hai ki "yaha choTA-sA para bahuta hI sundara aura prasAdaguNa sampanna kAvya baMbaI digambara jaina mandira ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra meM eka guTake meM likhA humA maujUda hai| isameM kavi ne eka kaMjUsa dhanI kA apanI A~khoM dekhA hubhA caritra 35 chappaya chandoM meM kiyA hai / " kavi kahate haiM'jisau kRpaNu ika dIThu, tisau guNu tAsu bakhANyau / ' kRpaNatA kA dukhada pariNAma darzA kara kavi ne batalAyA hai ki 'kharaciyo tyAha jItyau janamu' aura 'jiha saMcayo tiha hAriyo janama' jIvanasAphalya nyAyapUrvaka dhana kamA kara use niyamita rUpa se kharcane meM hai-dhanako gAda rakhane meM manuSya na svayaM usase lAbha uThAtA hai aura na se dUsare ke kAma mAne detA hai| pAThaka isa kathA kA

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saMkSipta itihAsa prArambhika aMza par3hiye-kavi kisa rocaka rUpa meM kRpaNa kA citraNa karatA hai: "kRpaNu eku parasiddha nayari nivasaMtu nilakkhaNu / kahI karama saMjoga tAsu ghari, nAri vicakSaNu // dekhi duhukI jor3a, sayalu jagi rahiu tamAsai / yAhi puriSakai yAhi, daI kima de ima bhAsai // vaha rahyau rIti cAhai bhalI, dANa puja guNa sIla sati / yaha de nakhANa kharacaNa kivai, duvai karahi diNi kalaha ati // guru sauM goThi na karai, deva dehurau na dekhai / mAMgaNi bhUli na dei, gAli suni rahai alekhai // sagI bhatIjI bhuvA bahiNi, bhANijI na jyAvai / rahai rUsar3au mAr3i, Apa nyautau jaba Avai // pAhuNoM sagau Ayau suNai, rahai chipiu muhu rAkhi kari / jiva jAya tavahi paNi nIsaraha hama dhanu saMkhyoM kRpaNa nara // " eka dina kRpaNa kI patnI ne apane pati ke sAtha girinAra kI yAtrA ko calane ke lie kahA / kRpaNa seThajI sunate hI lAla-pIle ho gaye / pati-patnI meM bahuta dera taka vAdavivAda huaa| seThAnI ne dhana kI saphalatA dAna aura bhoga se batalAI, parantu seTha ne usakA virodha kiyA / anta meM seThajI taMga Akara kucha kAla ke lie ghara se cale gye| jaba lauTe to yukti se patnI ko usake pIhara bheja diyA / becArI ko jAnA par3A / idhara yAtriyoM kA saMgha girinArajI gayA / usa jamAne meM bailagAr3iyoM se yAtrA kI jAtI thI-paNika loga vyApAra bhI karate jAte the| saMgha yAtrA karake lauTA / kRpaNa ne dekhA ki kaI loga mAlAmAla hokara Aye haiN| yaha dekha kara use bar3A dukha huA aura pachatAne lagA ki 'hAya, maiM kyoM nahIM gayA ?

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70 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA isI zoka meM vaha khATa se laga gyaa| logoM ne kahA, 'seThajI, dAna-puNya kara lo ' vaha bolA, 'maiM sAre dhana ko sAtha le jAU~gA / " aura lakSmI devI se sAtha calane ke lie prArthanA kI, parantu lakSmI ne spaSTa uttara diyA ki mujhe sAtha le calane ke jo dAna-puNya Adi upAya the, vaha tumane kiye nahIM / isalie maiM tumhAre sAtha nahIM cala sakatI / becArA kRpaNa saMkleza pariNAmoM se marA aura naraka ke dukha bhogane lagA / idhara logoM ne usake marane para khuzI manAI aura kuTumbI janoM ne usake dhanakA upabhoga kiyaa| isI lie kavi ne ThIka salAha dI hai ki jIvanasAphalya ke lie dhana ko kharacanA uttama hai| racanA kavi ne A~khoM dekhI ghaTanA para kI hai, isalie usameM jIvaTa hai| I paM0 dIpacandajI pANDyA ko ajamera jile ke derAhUM nAmaka gA~va ke jaina maMdira vAle zAstrabhaMDAra meM eka guTakA vi0 saM0 1576 kA likhA huA milA thA, jo unake pAsa hai / isa guTakA meM nimnalikhita racanAyeM purAnI hindI kI pratIta hotI haiM -- 1. soDUDhalu zrAvaka kRta Agama ke chappaya, jinameM 24 daMDakoM kA varNana hai / 2 - 3. vinayacanda munikRta 'kalyANakarAsu' aura 'cUnar3I' / 4. paMcameru saMbaMdhI bIsa viharamANatIrthakara jayamAlA / pANDyAjI ne naM0 1 se 5 taka kI racanAoM ko apabhraMza bhASA kI likhA hai, paraMtu 'anekAnta' varSa 5 aMka 6-7 pRSTha 257 se 262 meM unhoMne jo 'cUnA' racanA prakAzita kI hai, usase vaha purAnI hindI ja~catI hai| 'pRthvIrAja rAsoM' kI bhASA se isakI bhASA adhika subodha hai / isa lie hI uparyukta racanAoM kI gaNanA hamane hindI meM kI hai|

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. . saMkSipta itihAsa] 5. bha0 jayakIrti kRta pArzva bhavAntara ke chaMda / 6 bhadrabAhu rAsa ke antargata 'candragupta ke solaha svn'| 'cUnar3I' grantha ke kartA mAthurasaMghIya bhaTThAraka bAlacandra ke ziSya bha0 vinayacandra haiM, jinhoMne use giripura meM rahate hue ajaya nareza ke rAjavihAra meM baiThakara racA thaa| isameM jainadharma aura saMgha sambandhI aneka carcAoM kA sAMketika rUpa meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, jo eka smRtipaTa kA kAma detI hai| isIliye usa para saMskRtabhASA meM eka vistRta TIkA bhI banAI gaI hai| 'cUnar3I' eka prakAra kI raMgIna or3hanI yA dupaTTe ko kahate haiM, jise raMgareja yA chIpI raMga-biraMgI bUTeM DAla aura bela banAkara raMgate haiN| cUnar3I kA dUsarA nAma cUrNI bhI hai jisakA artha hotA hai bikhare hue prakIrNaka viSayoM kA lekhana athavA citraNa / granthakAra ne bholI mahilA dvArA kI gaI pati se aisI cUnar3I ke likhAne-chapAne kI prArthanA ko hRdayastha karake jise or3hakara jinazAsana meM vicakSaNatA prApta hove, isa grantha kI racanA kI hai, isake prAraMbhika padyoM ko par3hiye"viNae~ vaMdivi paMcaguru, mohamahAtama-toDana-diNayara / NAha lihAvahi cUnaDiya, mukhau pa-bhaNai piu joDivi kara // dhruvakaM / paNavau komala-kuvalaya-gayaNI, (amiya-gama ann-siv-yr-vynnii|) pa-sarivi sArada-joNha jima, jA aMdhArau sayala viNAsaha // sA mahu Nivasau mANasahi, haMsavadhU jima devi sarAsaha // hIrA-daMta-paMti-payaDaMtI; gorau piu bolai vihasaMtI / suMdara jAi su cehahari; mahu daya kijau suhaya sulakSaNa / / lai chipAvahi cUnaDiya; hau jiNa sAsaNi sudda viyavakhaNa // "

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[hindI bena sahitya kA isa bhASA ko hama hindI kyoM na kaheM ? jaba ki isa 'mohameM mahAtama-toDana dinakara'-'aMdhakAra sakala vinAse'-'nivaso mAnasahi' jaise hindI muhAvare ke zabda par3e hue haiN| isakA aMtima pada bhI dekhiye"tihuyaNi giripuru jhAga vikkhAyau, sagga-khaMDa NaM dharayali Ayau / tahiM NivasaMteM muNivareM, ajaya-gariMdaho rAya-vihArahiM // vegeM virahaya cUnaDiya sohahu, muNivara je surya dhArahiM // 31 // " apanA itanA paricaya hI graMthakAra ne diyA hai| isase unakA samaya nirdiSTa nahIM hotA; paraMtu vaha lipikAla arthAt saM0 1576 se to pahale kI hI hai| hamAre saMgraha meM eka guTakA vi0 saM0 1626 kA likhA huA hai, jisameM aneka stotra likhe hue haiN| usameM lipi kI prazasti ninna prakAra hai "saMvat 1626 varSe zrI mAdhamAse zuklapakSe zrI vasantapaJcamI dine zrI bRhatkharataragache zrI jinacaMdrasUrivijayarAjye bA0 zrI lakSmI vinaigaNi tat ziSya paNDita kSAtiraMgagaNinA lipIkRtaM pustikA prsaa|" isa guTake meM saMgrahIta katipaya racanAoM kI bhASA purAnI hindI pratIta hotI hai, yadyapi unake likhane kA DhaMga apabhraMza jaisA hai| una racanAoM meM yaha bhI hai| unameM na to racanAkAla hai aura na prAyaH racayitA kA nAma hI / aisI racanAyeM nimnalikhita haiM aura inako hama saM0 1626 se pahale kI arthAt 15 vIM-16 vIM zatAbdiyoM kI anumAna karate haiM

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 1. zrI vimalanAthastavana-zrI jayalAla munikRta; 2. meghakumAra kathAnaka-ajJAtakavikRta; 3. garbhavicArastotra (?)-zrI panatilaka kRta; 4. zrI pArvajina vijJaptikA-ajJAta kavikRta; 5. ajitanA zAMti vivAhalA stotra-zrI miranaMdaNa uva jhAya kRta; 6. staMbhana pArzvanAtha stotra-zrI abhayadevakRta; 7. khairAbAda pArzva jinastavana-zrI gaNikSAMtiraMgakRta; 8 pAzrvastavana-zrIguNasAgara kRta; 9. jinastavana-(naM05 ke anurUpa hai) 10. vIrastavana- , (apUrNa) 'vimalanAthastavana' kA prAraMbhika aMza anupalabdha hai; kyoMki guTakA ke ve patra naSTa ho gaye haiN| stavana terahaveM chaMda se prAraMbha hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai"tuma darasani mana haraSA, caMdA jema cakorA jI; rAja ridhi mAMgau nahIM, bhavi bhavi darasana torA jI // 13 // vim0|| mAta pitA vanitA bhAI, svArathi savai saMgAI jI; tumha sama prabhu koI nahIM, iharata parati sahAI jI ||14||vim0|| vairATipura zrI vimala jinavara sayala ridhi sidhi daaygo|' ima thuNiu bhattihi niyai sattihi, teramau jiNanAyago // 17 // zrI sayala saMghaha karaNa maMgala, duriya pApa nikaMdaNo / zrI jayalAla muNaMda jaMpaha, dehi nANa sudaMsaNo // 18 // " 1. isase prakaTa hai ki vairATapura (jayapura riyAsata ) meM vimalanAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA prasiddha thii|

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA usakA antima padya 'meghakumArakathAnaka' bhI apUrNa hai| avazeSa nahIM hai| prAraMbha ke paMdraha chaMda haiM, jinake namUne dekhiye 74 "vIra jiNaMda samosari jI, vaMdai meghakumAra; suNi desaNa vayarAgiyo jI, ihu saMsAra-asAru; rI mair3I // 1 // anumati dehu mujha Aja; saMjama zrI siukAjarI / mAI anuma0, va kiM i tU bholaviu re, zreNika tAta naresa, AMcalI kAi aNau kiM Na dUhaviure, haMu navi devaM Adeu Adesa re jAya // 2 // saMjama viSama apAra, Adi nigodi jihA ruliurI, sahiyA dukkha anaMta, sAsa usAsa bhava pUriyo rI, ajau na pAyo aMtarI mAI, anuma0 // 3 // " isa prakAra mAtA aura putra meM saMsAra kI asAratA para praznottara hote haiM, jo vairAgyabhAvanA jAgRta karate haiN| jaba mA~ kI apanI bAta nahIM calatI, to vaha unakI striyoM kI bAta Age lAkara kahatI hai "mRganayaNI AThai rahare, nayaNahi nIra pravAha; bhari jovana chorU nahIM re mUkina pUta anAhare jAyA, saMjama0 // 14 // " kintu meghakumAra ke mana meM vairAgya ne gaharA raMga jamAyA thA, ataH yuvatI patniyoM kA saundarya bhI unake mana ko vairAgya se mor3a na sakA / anta meM dila thAma kara mAtA putra ko dIkSA lene kI AjJA detI hai 'taNu tUTai loyaNa' jharaire, duSa na hiyai samAi / hohu suSI vaMchati tuma karau re, unamati' dInI mAire jAyA / " 'garbhavicArastotra' aTThAisa chaMdoM meM samApta huA hai / vaise yaha stotra zrI RSabhanAthajI ko lakSya karake likhA gayA haiM, paraMtu 1. locana / 2. anumati /

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saMkSita itihAsa] isameM garbhavAsa ke dukhoM kA varNana hai, isalie garbhavicArastotra nAmAGkita hai| racanA dekhie "siri risahesara'paya Namevi, pura koTahaM maMDaNa / kaMgar3a duggahaM paDhamaMtittha duha duriya vihaMDaNa / / sAmI jaMpauM kiMpi duraka Niya mANasa kerau / garuvA jiNavara kimaI rAkhi mujha bhavanauM pherau // 1 // x Adi anAdi nigoda mAhi bahu kAlu bhamiuM mahaM / satara sADhaUsAsamajisa bhava pUriya jiNa :maI // NiggodahaM NIsariu NAha paDiyau egidihiM / puDhavi Au tahaM, teu vAu* vaNasaha duI bhedihiM // 3 // X x puSva puNNa' saMjogi puNavi maNuvattaNu' pAviu / viviha dukkha Nava mAsa saGka gabhihiM saMtAviu / ramaNi nAbhitali nAla kAri duI puSphahaM acchaha / kosAgArihiM tA muheThi puNa joni paDisthai // 9 // dasaNa tumha vihANa accha ciMtAmaNi cddiyu| surataru aMgaNi amha accha vivihappari phaliyau / / surahaMdheNu aMgaNihiM NAha amhahaM avayariyaDa / jai bheghau siri risa haNAha maNavaMchiya sariyau // 27 // siddha sUri sIsehiM jiNa vinayau paramANaMda / paumatilaya tumha paya saraNa dIThaha maNa ANaMda // 20 // 1. RSabhezvara / 2. durga ke| 3. prathama tIrthahara / 4. tetra / 5. vAyu 6. vanaspati / 7. puNya / 8. mAnava tana /

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[hindI bena sAhitya kA isakI bhASA meM apabhraMza zabdoM kA Adhikya hai, paraMtu racanAsaraNI hindI hI hai / mAlUma hotA hai ki koTa kAMgar3A kI RSabhamUrti ko lakSya karake yaha racA gayA hai| 'pArvajinavijJaptikA' dasa chaMdoM kA eka choTA-sA suMdara stavana hai| namUnA dekhiye "jaya jaya pAsa' jiNesara, NiruvamarUva paramakAruNiya / jaya jaya samyaguNAyara,jaya sAmiya sayala guNaNilaya // 2 // jaya sutuma jaya sAmiyaM, arakaliya NirAmayaM ciraMjayasu / gaMda supAva susoha, lahasujasaM tihuvaNe sayala // 10 // ' zrI ajitanAthazAMtivivAhalAstotra-battIsa chaMdoM meM pUrNa huA hai, jinameM zrI ajitanAtha aura zrIzAntinAtha tIrthakkaroM kI jovanaghaTanAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kucha padya isa prakAra haiM "maMgala kamalA kaMdue, sukhasAgara pUnima caMdue / jaga guru ajiya jiNaMdue, saMtIsaru nayaNANaMdue // 1 // ve jiNavara paNamevie, ve guNa gAi susaMsevie / punya bhaMDAra bharesue, mAnavabhava saphala karesue // 2 // " x xxx bihuM Sami dami dhArima dharIe, vihuM moha mayaNa mada pariharaya / bihuM jiNa mANa sayANae, vihaM pAmiya kevala nANae // 25 // xx ve ucchava maMgala karaNa, ve sayala saMgha duriyahaM haraNa / ve ghara kamala vayaNa nayaNa, ve siri jiNarAya bhavaNa rayaNa // 3 // ima bhagasihiM bholima taNIe, siri ajiya saMti jiNa thui bhaNie / saraNai vihuM jiNa pAe, siri bhiranaMdaNa uksAe // 32 // 1. paarshv| 2. gunnaakr| x -

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vita itihAsa ___ zrI staMbhanapArzvanAthastotra eka prasAdapUrNa racanA hai, jo tIsa chandoM meM pUrNa huI hai| yaha racanA pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI usa mUrti ko lakSya karake racI gaI hai jo staMbhanapura meM virAjamAna thii| isake udAharaNa dekhiye "jaya tihuyaNa vara kapparukkha, jaya jiNa dhannaMtari / jaya tihuyaNa kallANa kosa, duriya kariNesari // tihuyaNa jaNa avalaMdhiyANa, bhuvaNattaya sAmiya / kuNasu suhAI jiNesa pAsa, thaMbhaNayapuraTThiya // 1 // taI samaraMti lahuMti bhattivara puttakalattaI / dhanna suvana hariNa puNNa jaNa bhujaI rajahiM // pirakai muraka asaMkha sukha tuha pAsa pasAyaNa / iya tihuyaNa vara kappa saraka surakaha kuNa maha jiNa // 2 // eya mahAriya jattadeva kiM nhavaNa mahusava, jaM aNaliya guNa gahaNa tumha muNijaNa aNasiddau / ema pasIya sapAsanAha bhaNayapuraThiya, iya muNivara siri abhayadeva vinavai aNaMdiya // 30 // " zrIkhairAbAda pArvajinastavana-eka choTA-sA stotra khairAbAda meM sthita pArzvajina kI pratimA ko lakSya karake likhA gayA hai| yathA "pAsa jiNaMda pairAbAda maMDaNa, haraSadharI nitu namisya ho / rora timara saba helihiM harasya, mana vaMchita phala varasyaM ho| bhuvaNa visAla bhavika mana mohai, anupama koraNi sohA ho| sura nara kiMnara nAga naresara, paNamai praha sama pAyA ho|

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya mA iya pAsa jiNavara nayaNa maNahara, kappataruvara sohae / zrI nayara khayarAbAda maMDaNa, bhaviya jaNa maNa mohae // zrI kanaka tiluka susIsa suMdara, likSmI vinaha muNIsaro / tasu sIsa gaNikSAMtiraMga pabhaNai, havai dina dina suSakaro // " zrI pAzrvajinastavana - choTA-sA darzanastotra hai | dekhiye usakI racanAzailI yaha hai 78 " pAsa jI ho pAsa darasaNa kI bali jAiyai; pAsa manaraMge guNa gAiye / pAsa bATa ghATa udyAna maiM, pAsa nAge saMkaTa upasamai / pA0 / upasamai saMkaTa vikaTa kaSTaka, durita pApa nivAraNo / ANaMda raMga vinoda vArU, arSe saMpati kAraNo // pa0 // X X X x devAdhideva tRloka 'rau svAmI kRpA ghaNI / zrI guNasAgara kara joDi vinavai pUro AsyA mana taNI // " 'zrI gautama stotra' ke prAraMbhika chanda isa prakAra kamalAkaivAso, guNarAso / haiM "vIra jiNesara caraNa kamala paNamadhi pakSa Nisi svAma sAla goyama maNu saMNu vaNai kaMta karivi nisuNo bho bhaviyA; jima nivasai tuma deha guNagaNa gaha gahiyA // 1 // jaMbudIva siri bharaha pita SoNI talu maMDaNa, magadhade seNI naresa riba-dala-bala-paMDaNa | D dhaNavara guvara gAma nAma jiha jiNa guNa siktA; vipra vasaha vasabhUya taccha tasu puha vIbhaktA // 1 // " aMtima chaMda pannA phaTa jAne se aprakaTa hai / isa prakAra isa guTakA meM diye hue hindI bhASA ke stavanoM kA paricaya hai / ina stavanoM meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki inameM jina

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 76 bhagavAn ke guNoM aura unake jIvana kI mukhya ghaTanAoM athavA sthAnavizeSa meM sthita unakI pratimAoM aura maMdiroM kA varNana diyA huA hai| jaina bhaktivAda vIrapUjA kA dUsarA nAma hai aura ina stotroM se yaha spaSTa hai ki madhyakAlIna jainI upAsanA ke Adarza ko bhUle nahIM the| kavivara zrI rAjamallajI pAMDe jainasAhityagagana ke dedIpyamAna nakSatra haiN| unhoMne saMskRta, aprabhaMza prAkRta aura hindI tInoM hI bhASAoM meM racanAyeM kI thiiN| vaha kavi rAjamalla ke nAma se prasiddha the| vaha apane nAma ke sAtha "syAdvAdAnavadyagadyapadyavidyAvizArada" vizeSaNa kA prayoga karate hue milate haiN| kintu kheda hai ki isase adhika unhoMne apane viSaya meM koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| isa abhAva kI pUrti kisI anya srota se bhI nahIM hotI aura isa avasthA meM kavivarajI kA jIvanacaritra ajJAta kSitija meM hI vilIna rahatA hai / hA~, isake viparIta unakA pANDitya sUrya ke samAna prakhara aura sarvavyApta hai / pro0 jagadIzacaMdra unake viSaya meM likhate haiM ki "kavi rAjamalla kI racanAoM ke Upara se mAlUma hotA hai ki Apa jainAgama ke bar3e bhArI vettA eka anubhavI vidvAna the| Apane jaina vAGmaya meM pAraMgata hone ke liye kundakunda samantabhadra, nemicandra, amRtacandra Adi vidvAnoM ke granthoM kA vizAla tathA sUkSma dRSTi se adhyayana aura AloDana kiyA thaa| paM0 rAjamalla kevala AcArazAstra ke hI paNDita na the, balki inane adhyAtma, kAvya aura nyAya meM bhI kuzalatA prApta kI thI, yaha ApakI vividha racanAoM se spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai|" vaise kavi rAjamallajI bha0 hemacandrajI kASThA

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8. [hindI baina sAhitya kA saMghI kI AmnAya meM the, jinakA sambandha mAthuragaccha. aura puSkaragaNa se thaa| unakI racI huI cAra racanAyeM upalabdha haiM(1) paMcAdhyAyI, (2) lATI-saMhitA, (3) jambUsvAmicaritra aura (4) adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa / kavi rAjamallajI kI pA~cavIM racanA 'chanda zAstra' athavA 'piMgala' kA patA abhI calA hai, jisakA ullekha hama pahale kara cuke haiN| yaha racanA hI kavijI kI kevala hindI meM hai, yadyapi isameM bhI saMskRta aura apabhraMza prAkRta kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya kI sAhityika pragati aura zailI kA ise pratibiMba hI samajhanA cAhiye / yahI nahIM, isameM zAha akabara ke samaya kI kaI aitihAsika vArtAoM kA bhI ullekha hai / isako ullekha karate huye hindI bhASA ke chandazAstra ko pUrNa uddhRta karane kA lobhasaMvaraNa hama nahIM kara sake haiM, jo pariziSTa rUpa meM diyA jA rahA hai| usameM aise kaI chandoM ke udAharaNa diye haiM jo anUThe haiN| unakI racanA prasAda-guNa se samalaMkRta hai aura kavi rAjamallajI ko isa zatAbdi kA zreSTha kavi ThaharAtI hai / isa 'piMgala' meM apabhraMza hindI-mizrita bhASA ke bhI chanda haiM, jo bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se mahattva kI vastu haiN| unake kucha udAharaNa dekhiye, jinako hama 'piMgalazAstra' kI usa eka mAtra hastalikhita prati se uddhRta kara rahe haiM jo zrIdi0 jaina sarasvatIbhavana, paMcAyatImandira, masajida khajUra, dehalI meM (naM03) vidyamAna hai "gayaMda-rAji-gajiya, samAji-cAji-sajjiyaM / disa-NisAna-vajiya, camU-samUha-dhAiyaM // kamANa-vANa-dhAriyaM, kRpANa-pANi-nAriyaM / duSaNa hakAreyaM, rajo gagaNa gAivaM //

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saMcita itihAsa 81 vasuMdharAdhirAja rAjapUta nejavAja, gAja rAi dhAi dhAi Ai pAihU lgaaie| bhAramalla kara sapUtu dAna mAna pamga jutu, iMdra ke pratApa iMdrasAhi jU ___ bar3hAie // 14 // yaha mizra bhASA hindI ke bahuta nikaTa AtI hai, parantu nimna likhita chanda to nire apabhraMza prAkRta ke hI dikhate haiM : "gAho gAha vigAho, uggAho sAhiNAyakhaMghamhi, chamvihaggAhA bheu, payAsiU piMgalAyarihiM // 15 // gAhANaM vIyadalaM, pumvaddhe hodiya cha / eso gAho bhaNido, kittI bhaNa bhAramallasya // 15 // " isa piMgalazAstra ko jina nRpa bhArAmalla ke liye kavi ne racA thA, vaha zrImAlavaMza ke pratApI zrAvaka-ratna the| vaha nAgaura dezake saMghAdhipati the aura bAdazAha akabara ke samAna hI sArkabharI (sA~bhara ) ke zAsanAdhikArI the| nimnalikhita chanda meM kavi yahI batAte haiM: "nAgauradesamhi saMghAdhinAtho sirImAla, rAkyANivaMsi sirI bhArAmallo mahIpAla / sAkuMbharI nAtha thapyo sirI sAhi samANi, rAjAdhirAjovamA cAvaDI mahAdANi // 169 // " mArAmallajI dAnavIra ke sAtha yuddhavIra bhI the; yaha bhI pAThaka dekhiye "daMti nikaTa vAji vikaTa, johadhikaTa kuppiyaM, siMdhusaraNi dhUli taraNi luppiyaM / khaga camaka bhummi damaka saha gamaka vajiyaM, maha bhaNaya lacchitanaya devatanya sabjiyaM // 196 // " w

Page #101
[hindI jaina sAhitya kA hindI kA eka padya bhI dekhiye : "jinake gRhahema mahAvana hai tinako vasudhA haya hema die; jinakI tanajeva tarAtana hai tinake gharate darabAra lie| sura naMdana bhArahamalla balI, kali vikrama jyauM saka baMdhavie, jasa kAja garIbanivAja save sirimAla nivAji nihAla kie // " 'kali vikrama jyoM zaka baMdhavie' caraNa isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki nRpati bhArAmalla ne kisI yuddha meM yavanoM ko bandI banA liyA thaa| sArAMza yaha ki kavi rAjamalla jI kA yaha 'piMgala zAstra' usa samaya ke hindI sAhitya kA anUThA ratna hai, jisa para Aja bhI garva kiyA jA sakatA hai| zrI devakalazakRta RSidattAcaritra isa zatAbdi kI eka sundara racanA hai / siMharatha rAjA kI rAnI RSidattA thii| unhoMne zIladharma kA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana kiyA thaa| anta meM donoM ne sAdhu-dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura saMyama pAlA / ve donoM bhaddalapura nAmaka vizAla nagarI meM Aye / jahA~ zItalanAtha bhagavAna kA janma huA thaa| vahA~ se vaha siddha huye| isakI bhASA meM gujarAtI zabda bhI milate haiM, jisase isake racayitA gujarAta deza ke. nivAsI pratIta hote haiN| isakI eka prAcIna prati zrI di0 jainamandira seTha ke kU~cA dillI ke mandira meM virAjamAna hai| racanA kA namUnA dekhiye "kaNakataNI pari tanu abhirAma, tiNi kanakaratha dIdhau nAma / guNiyaNa saMgha dhaNUM tasu magai, niraguNa dIThA mana kamakamai // 17 // sUravIra samarAMgaNi dhIra, dAtA jalanidhi jima gaMbhIra / * bolA sulalita madhurI bANi, sahuko tiNi rImAi abhirAma // 18 //

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saMkSipta itihAsa] anta ke chanda isa prakAra haiM sItala jina janmai supavitra, bhahila puravara chaha pavitra / tihAM AyA gurusAthi, kevala kIdhau hAthi // 13 // "zrI uvajhAyaesa) gacha jayavaMtA, pAThaka devakalola mhimaavNtaa| dinidini teja dIpaMtA, ativara guNa vihasaMtA // navarasa navatattva vANI baSANai, sakala zAstra siddhAMtaha jANai // 15 // tAsa sIsadega kalasiiM harasiI, panaraha sai guNahattari barasihaM / raciu sIlaprabaMdha, e carita riSidattA kerau / sIla taNou nApana unaverau chai pragaTa saMbaMdha // 96 // " isase pragaTa hai ki isa grantha ko pAThaka devakalola ke ziSya devakalazajI ne saMvat 1569 meM racA thA, jinakA sambandha zvetAmbara saMgha ke zrI 'uvajhAesa' (?) gaccha se thaa| ___ bAbU jJAnacandrajI ne apanI "digambara jaina bhASA grantha nAmAvalI" (pR0 1) meM paM0 dharmadAsajI kRta "zrAvakAcAra bhASA chanda baddha" kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jo vi0 saM0 1578 meM racA gayA thaa| jayapura meM bAbA dulocandajI ke 'zAstra bhaNDAra' meM isakI eka prati maujUda thii| zrI vinayacandrajI kRta 'cUnar3I' grantha kA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| uparAnta hameM zrIyuta bhAI pannAlAlajI agravAla dillI ke vizeSa anugraha se dillI ke paMcAyatI mandira ( masajida khajUra ) ke bhaNDAra kI eka prAcIna pothI dekhane ko milI hai| usameM zrI niyamacandajI kI (1) nirjhara paMcamI vidhAna kathA aura (2) kalyANakavidhirAsa nAmaka do racanAyeM ora dI hu

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84 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA haiN| pahalI racanA meM bhaviSyadatta kA caritra diyA gayA hai| bhASA donoM hI racanAoM kI apabhraMza prAkRta mizrita prAcIna hindI hai| udAharaNa dekhiye : "paNavivi paMca mahAguru, sArada dharivi maNe / udayacaMdu muNi vaMdivi, sumarivi vAla muNe / viNayacaMdu phalu arakaDa, Nimara paMcamihi / NisuNahu dhamma kahANau, kahiu jiNAgamihiM // tihuyaNagiri talahaTTI yahu rAsau rayau / mAthura saMghahaM muNivara viNaicaMdi kahiu / / bhaviyahu par3hahu par3hAvahu duriyahu dehu jale / mANu ma karahu ma rUsahu, maNu khaMcahu acalo // jeNa bhaNati bhaDArA paMcamiyaM vaya ho| amhahi te darisAviya avicalu siddhipaho // " dUsarI racanA meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke paJcakalyANakoM kI tithiyoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNa dekhiye : "siddhi suhakara siddhipahu, paNavivi ti jayapayAsaNa kevala / siddhihiM kAraNa dhuNamihau, sayalavi jiNakallANai niyamala // siddhi0 // patama parika duijahiM AsADhahiM, risaha gabbhutahi uttrsaaddhhiN| aMdhArI chahahiM tahimi, vaMdami bAsupUja gambhucchau / vimalu susibau ahamihi, isamihiM namijiNa jammaNu thtu|| siddhi0 // eyabhattu ekuji kallANau, vihi nizviyaDi ahavai gahANau / tihu AyaMbilu jiNu bhaNai, cauhu hoi upavAsa gihatyahaM // ahavA sapalaha khavaNa vihi, viNayacaMdi muNi kahiu samasyahaM // siddhi /

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85 saMkSipta itihAsa] isI uparyukta pothI meM prAcIna hindI kI kucha aura racanA haiN| muni cAritrasena kRta 'samAdhi' pahalI racanA hai| paricaya ke lie namUnA dekhie: "gaNahara bhAsiya e jiya saMti samAdhI / daMsaNa NANa caritta samiddho, samAdhI jiNadevahaM ditttthii| jo kareha so sammAiTThI ||sNmaadhii // // 1 // jIvana jANahiM tuTuM appaNAuM sarIru / appau jANahi NANa gahIra // sammAdhI0 / / x xxx aisau jANi jiyA vahastha vibhinnA / pumgala kammavi appau bhinnA // sammAdhI0 // jovaNu dhaNiya dhaNu pariyaNu NAsaha / jIva ho ! dhaMmu sarIsau hosaha // sammAdhI0 // caritaseNu muNi samAdhi pddh'tu| bhaviyahaM kamu kalaMku uhaMtau // sanmAdhI0 // nemi samAdhi sumari jiya visu mAsaha / jiya paramarakari pAu paNAsaha // sammAdhI0 / / sohaNu so divasu samAdhi marIjai / jammaNa maraNaha pANiu dIjaha // sammAdhI0 // aisI samAdhi jo aNu diNu sAvai / so ajarAmaru siva suha pAvai // sammAdhI // 50 // " dekhie isameM samAdhi maraNa kA jo citrAGkana kiyA gayA hai vaha kitanA sundara aura upayogI hai|

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA __muni mahAnandideva ne 'AnandAtilaka' nAmaka racanA sAdhuoM aura mumukSuoM ko sambodhana ke liye AdhyAtmika subhASita nIti rUpa meM gopAla sAha ke lie racI thii| namUnA dekhiye : "cidAnaMdu sAnaMdu jiNu, sayala sarIraha soi / mahAnaMdi so pUjiyai, AnaMdAggatamaMDalu thiru hoi // 1 // apyu niraMjaNu appu siu, appA paramAnaMdu / mUda kudevu na pUjiyai, AnaMdAgura viNu bhUleu aMdhu // 1 // aThasaTi tIratha paribhamai, mUDhA marahiM bhamaMtu / appA biMdu na jANahI, AnaMdA ghaTa mahi deu bhaNaMtu // 3 // bhiMtari bhAriu pApamala, mUDhA karahiM sanANu / je mala lAgA cittamahi, AnaMdA te kima jAhi sanAni // 4 // dhyAna sarovaru amiya nalu, muNivaru karahiM sanANu / aTu kammamala dhovahI, AnaMdA niyaubahu nivvANu // 5 // x x x x sada guru uvayAre ne yAu, hau bhaNevi mahAnaMdi deu / siva puru jANiu NANiyaha, AnaMdAkarami cidAnaMdu deu // 42 // kahIM kahIM to racanA bar3I hI sundara aura manohara hai| paNDita zrI haricanda agravAla vaMza meM utpanna huye the| unhoMne 'paddhar3I chanda' meM 'anastamita vrata sandhi' racI thI, jisameM rAtri bhojana kA niSedha manohara rIti se kiyA hai| kavi ne isakI racanA meM kisI kathAnaka kA sahArA nahIM liyA hai| balki yaha eka svatantra racanA hai / solaha sandhiyoM meM kavi ne ise pUrA kiyA hai| pratyeka sandhi ke anta meM eka 'ghattA' chanda hai| usakI bhASA alabattA kahIM kahIM para pUrNatayA prAkRta se jA milI hai vaise use hama prAcIna hindI hI mAnate haiM / udAharaNa dekhiye -

Page #106
saMkSipta itihAsa ] "bhAi jigiMdu risahu paNaveSpiNu, cauvIsaha kusumaMjali deSpiNu / vajramANu jiNu parNAvivi bhAviM, kalamalu kalusavi vachiupAveM / " isa sandhi meM varddhamAna prabhU kA saudharmendra dvArA snAnotsava kA varNana karake dUsarI sandhi meM unakI stuti kI hai| tIsare meM manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA batAkara dharma pAlane kA upadeza diyA hai| " dulahau pAveSpiNu maNuya jammu, jiNanAheM desiu muNivi dhammu / mahu majja maMsu nau ahilasei, paMcuMvara na kayAi vigaseha / " & cauthI sandhi meM kavi nizi bhojana niSedha kathana kI pratijJA karatA hai aura Age kI sandhiyoM meM nizi bhojana ke doSoM ko vividha prakAra se hRdayaGgama karAtA hai / vaha likhatA hai: :-- " syaNihiM bhuMjaMtahaM dosu hoi, erisu muNivara jaMpaMti loi / jahiM bhamahiM bhUyarakvasa ramaMti, jahiM viMtara peyahaM saMcaraMti / jahiM diTTi Naya saraha aMdhu jema, tihiM gAsa suddhi bhaNu hoi kema ? kimi kIDa payaMgai jhiMgurAI, pippIlaD DaMsaha macharAI / khajjUrai kaNNasalAiyAi, avarahaM jIvaha je bahu sayAhUM / anANI nisi bhuMjaMta eNa, pasu sarasu dhariu appANu teNa / jaM bAlivi dIvau, kari ujjovau, ahiu jIu saMbhavai parA / bhamarAi payaMgaI, bahuviha bhaMgaI, maMDiya dIsaha jitthu dharA // 5 // " isI rIti se kavi ne nizi bhojana kI bhayaMkaratA kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura striyoM ko khAsakara sambodhA hai ki unheM rAtri meM azana nahIM karanA cAhiye / "nA tiya rayaNihiM bhoyaNu karei, sA appaTa bahu pAvaha bharei / uppajjai dAliddiya gharaMmi, ahavA dohaggiNi jammi jammi /

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[hindI caina sAhitya kA isalie :"jA uttama kuli uppaNNa nAri, nimmalu jiNabhAsiyA dhamma dhAri / sA syaNihi asaNu na bhAyarei, AhAradANu bhAveNa dei // " kavi kahate haiM ki jo isa vidhi ko sunegA aura pAlana karegA vaha devagati aura mokSa kA sukha prApta kregaa| "ehu aNathamiu jo paDhai paDhAvai, so NaruNAri 'surAlau pAvai / jo akhiliu aNathamiu karesai so NivvANa Nayari payasesai // " anta ina chandoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai :"vIlhA jaMDU taNAeM jAeM, gurubhatie sarasaihiM pasAeM // ayarabAlagharavase, uppaNNai mhhriyNdenn| bhatie jiNu paNaveti, payaDiu paddhapiyA chaMdeNa // 16 // " 'vidyAbhUSaNa sUrine-'bhaviSyadattarAsa' racA hai jo zrI di0 jaina paMcAyatI maMdira dillI meM hai| inakI eka anya racanA vasantanemi kA phAga hai| bha0 pratApakIrti kA racA huA 'zrAvakAcAra rAsa' saM0 (saM0 1574) bhI ukta maMdira ke bhaMDAra meM hai| satrahavIM zatAbdi ke AraMbha kAla meM hI zrI rAyamallajI ne apanI nimnalikhita racanAyeM racI thiiN| unake pazcAt isa zatAbdi meM aura aneka jaina kaviyoM ke astitva kA patA calatA hai| nissandeha yaha zatAbdi madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ke utkarSa meM apanI vizeSatA rakhatI hai| kavivara banArasIdAsajI sadRza mahAna kavi isI zatAbdi meM huye haiN| unhoMne pariSkRta hindI meM apanI racanAyeM racI thIM, kintu abhI taka aise kavi bhI maujUda the jo apabhraMza mibhita hindI meM padya racanA racate the| ThIka Aja

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89 saMkSipta itihAsa kala ke samAna hI usa samaya kI paristhiti thI / Aja yadyapi khar3I bolI meM padya racanA karane kI zailI pracalita hai| parantu brajabhASA meM kavitA karane vAloM kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM hai| isI taraha usa samaya yadyapi saMskRta hindI ko pradhAna pada prApta thA, parantu purAnI apabhraMza-hindI meM likhane kI zailI bilkula banda nahIM hogaI thii| isake liye brahmacArI rAyamalla kI racanAoM ko hI dekhiye| . ___ brahma rAyamallajI mUlasaMgha zAradagaccha ke AcArya ramakIrti ke paTTadhara muni anantakIrti ke ziSya the| unhoMne 'hanumanta caritra' kI racanA vi0 saM0 1616 meM kI thI, jisakI eka prati hameM dillI ke seTha ke kUcA ke jaina maMdira ke bhaMDAra se dekhane ko milo hai| brahma0 rAyamallajI kI kavitA sAdhAraNa aura bhASA apabhraMza zabdoM se rikta nahIM hai| udAharaNa dekhiye "kUkU caMdana dhasivA dharaNI, mAMzi kapUra meli ati ghnnii| jiNavara caraNa pUjA karI, avara janma kI thAlI dharI // 4 // 'rAya' bhoga ketakI suvAsa, so bhAviyA vaMdaU jAsa / jiNavara ANu dharai paSAli, jANi mukati sira baMdhi pAli // 32 // dina gata bhayo Athayo bhANa, paMSI sanda karai asamAna / mitta sahita pavanaMjai rAya, maMdira Upara baiTho jAya // 44 // deSe paMSI sarovara tIra, kareM zanda ati gahara gahIra / dasai disA muSa kAlo bhayo, cakahA cakihI aMtara layo // 44 // tAsu sISa jiNa caraNA lINa, brahma rAyamala mati kari hINa / haMNU kathA kIyo eggAsa, kriyAvaMta munIsara dAsa // 6 //

Page #109
[hindI jaina sAhitya kA . bhaNI kathA mana meM dhari harSa, solaha se solaha zubha varSa / rAti vasaMta mAsa vezAkha, navamI sani aMdhAre pApa // 77 // " paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIjI ne 'brahma rAyamalla' ko hI 'pAMDe rAyamalla' samajhA hai| isakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki unake sanmukha 'haNumaMta caritra' nahIM thaa| isa caritra meM unhoMne apane ko kahIM bhI 'pAMDe' nahIM likhA hai / solahavIM zatAbdi meM huye 'piMgala' zAstra ke racayitA kavivara rAyamallajI pAMDe kahalAte the aura vaha kavivara banArasIdAsajI se pUrvavartI vidvAn haiN| ataH kavivara banArasIdAsajI ne inhIM ke liye yaha likhA hogA ki "pAMDe rAyamallajI samayasAra nATaka ke marmajJa the| unhoMne samayasAra kI bAlabodhinI bhASA TIkA banAI jisake kAraNa samayasAra kA bodha ghara ghara phaila gyaa|" samayasAra sadRza AdhyAtmika grantha kA bodha sarvasAdhAraNa meM phailanA usa samaya ke vAtAvaraNa ko vedAntI jJAna se prabhAvAnvita prakaTa karatA hai / santa aura sUphI kaviyoM ne vedAnta ko Age bar3hAyA thA, yaha hama pahale likha cuke haiN| ____bAbA dulIcaMdajI kI 'hi. jai0 grantha sUcI' meM inake dvArA saM0 1663 meM race gaye "bhaviSyadatta caritra" kA bhI ullekha haiN| bAbU jJAnacaMdrajI ne bhI apanI 'di0 jaina bhASA graMtha nAmAvalI' (pR01) meM ina donoM granthoM ko bra0 rAyamallajI kRta aGkita kiyA hai| premIjI ne apane 'itihAsa' (pR050) meM eka anya bra rAyamallajI kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo sakalacandra bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the aura hUmar3a jAti ke the| unhoMne saM0 1667 meM 'bhaktAmarakathA' kI racanA kI thii| 'sItAcaritra' bhI zAyada inhIM kI racanA thii|

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saMkSipta itihAsa] kavi brahmagulAla caMdavAra ( phirojAbAda, jilA AgarA) ke pAsa TApU nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI padmAvatI puravAla jaina the| unakA jIvanacaritra kavi putrapati ne likhA hai, jisase pragaTa hai ki vaha digambara muni ho gaye the| unakI racI huI "kRpaNa jagAvana kathA' alIgaMja ke zrI zAntinAtha di0 jaina maMdira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM hameM dekhane ko milI hai| dillI ke paMcAyatI maMdira meM bhI isakI eka prati hai| yadyapi isakI racanA asAdhAraNa nahIM hai, parantu isakI kathA bar3I rocaka aura sarasa hai| isI kAraNa isa racanA meM kAvyakI sarasatA A gaI hai| kavi ThakarasI ke 'kRSNa caritra' se isakA kathAnaka bhinna haiM jise kavi ne kisI saMskRta bhASA ke kathA koSa se liyA hai| maMgala padya isake jarA dekhiye "kumati vibhaMjana sumati karu, duritadalana guNamAla / sumatinAtha jina caraNa ko, sevaku brahma gulAla // " "sumiri sumati jana maMgala dhAmA, vighaTaNa viSaNa, karaNa suSaNAmA / baDhe sumati kavi sareM sukAja, dhyAvahu kavi jana saba jinarAja // " __ isa grantha kI kathA kA sAra yaha hai ki rAjagRha nagara meM vasupati rAjA thA / vahA~ hI eka seTha kI putrI rahatI thI; jisake janmate hI kuTumba kA nAza ho gayA thaa| isaliye loga use kSayaM. karI kahate the / eka dina vasupati rAjA varadatta munIndra kI vaMdanA ko puravAsiyoM sahita gayA / kSayaMkarI bhI gaI / muni avadhi jJAnI the| unhoMne kSayaMkarI kI durdazA kA kAraNa usakA pUrva saMcita karma btaayaa| pahale eka bhava meM vaha ujjaina ke seTha dhavala kI patnI

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92 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA malli thI / ujjaina ke rAjA padmanAtha ne ASTAhnika parva kA utsava sArvajanika rUpa meM manAyA / dhavala seTha bhI usameM sammilita huye / seThAnI malli kRpaNa thI / use yaha na rucA / jaba use yaha samAcAra mAlUma huA to vaha isa prakAra socane lagI "mallI suni mana ciMtai Apu, kirapanatA kari viThavai pApu / seTha vacana mallI ke kAna, manahu kaThina lage ura bAna // puruSa na jAnai ghara kI rIti, gharu gharanI binu jAi vinIta / inakai kahata lAgiye Aju, Age mohi bahutu hai kAju // aisA deva parama jo mohi, tauM jaha ghara caupaTu so hoi / kIjai so niba hai so Thaura, Aju paraci kA khaiheM bhora // UMcau kari karu dIjai dAnu, jaura ghaTe kAhU ko mAnu / so phiri mAI cerI hoi, jaha duSu karai kaunu gharu poi // jatI vratI sau gahIye maunu, bAra bAra dai gidhavai kaunu / " kintu mallI seThajI kI AjJA ko TAla na sakI / use pUjA ke liye sAmagrI aura pakavAna banAnA par3A, paraMtu usane bar3A sar3A galA sAmAna juTAyA / jaba seTha muni AhAra deM to vahA~ usane zuddhAzuddhi kA viveka na rakhA balki muniyoM ke malina zarIra ko dekhakara ghRNA kI aura apane pati se niraMtara lar3atI rhii| pariNAmata: vaha kodina huI aura naraka ke dukha bhogane lagI / udhara varadatta muni ne eka antara kathA kahakara yaha nirdeza kiyA ki striyA~ hI kRpaNa nahIM hotI, puruSa bhI kaMjUsa hote haiN| unhoMne batAyA ki kuMDala nagara meM lobhadatta seTha rahate the / kamalA aura lacchA unakI udAramanA striyA~ thIM / sauta thIM, para kabhI lar3atIM na thii| dharma karma karane ko sadA tatpara rahatI thiiN| seThajI mahA

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saMkSipta itihAsa] lobhI the| bhaMDAre kA aura ghara ke dvAre kA tAlA jakar3akara vyApAra ke liye jAte the| kavi kahate haiM "jabahi hoI jaive kI vAra, jaba ghara de jAhiM Thoki kivAra / lobhadatta ghara seThini doi, kAhiM janamu sISi jhISi roi // rAto pahira, Na tAtau bAhi, ghara mahu parI parI pachitAhiM / jeThI kamalA lahurI lacchA, tIjai aura na gherI bachA // " kintu santoSa kA phala unheM mIThA milA / eka dina do cAraNa muni unake dvAra para A gaye, jinake puNya prabhAva se dvAra khula gye| seThAniyoM ne apanA bhAgya sarAhA, para seTha ke kAraNa ve asamaMjasa meM par3a gaI / isa samaya lacchA bolI "lahurI lacchA kayau suni mAi, ghara Ayau munivaru phiri Ai / iha pachitAyai miTai na sallu, dUjo Aju bagara maha pallu // hAM tI karau ki mArau dhAi, hama nahiM cUka yaisI dAi / jaha ausaru kahi kaise phera, milyau jo jina aMdha baTera // jo aba karahiM seThakI kAnI, tau varata ko Avai hAnI / mIThe vacana lacchA ke kahaiM, kamalA ke mana sAMce rahaiM // " donoM ne milakara muniyoM ko mAhAra diyaa| muniyoM ne kRpA karake unheM AkAzagAminI aura baMdhamocanI vidyAyeM batA dii| aba to jaba seTha unheM kivAr3oM meM baMda karake cale jAte to vaha apanI vidyAoM se kAma letI aura manamAnI tIrthayAtrA krtii| eka dina par3osina rUThakara AI aura cupake se unake vimAna meM baiTha gaI / seThAnI sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kI vaMdanA karane gaI / par3osina ne vahA~ khUba mANika-motI ikaTThe kiye aura unake sAtha vApasa ghara A gaI / saMyoga kI bAta par3osina ne ratna lobhadatta

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64 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA seTha ke hAtha bece / seTha lobhI to the hii| unhoMne pUchA, 'tU inheM jahA~ se lAI vaha khAni mujhe bhI batA de|' par3osina rupayoM ke lAlaca meM rAjI ho gaI aura seThajI ko cupake se vimAna kI khukhAla meM baiThA diyaa| seThAniyA~ ratnadvIpa ke jina maMdiroM kI vaMdanA karane gaI / seTha ne vahA~ khUba ratna baTore, parantu phira bho unakI nIyata na bharI / lobha tRSNA ko liye huye vaha cupake se vimAna kI khola meM baiTha gaye, paraMtu unake pApa kA ghar3A bhara cukA thA / anahonI huI "jalanidhi aMta prohanu phaTI, bhiyau kolAhala bahu jana rttau| pheri vadanu citaI sukamAla, bUr3ata tinahiM zaraNa bhaI bAla // kari AkarSa sakala uddhare, prohana sahita udadhi taTa dhare / polo kATu dayau chuTakAi, lobhadattu seThi vilalAi // hAi hAi kari parayau maMjhAra, peTu bhanyau pArI jaladhAra / poTe dhyAna tajai nija prANa, lobhadattu gae naraka nidAna // lachimI kahA~ ? kaho ko pAi ? lAge vahi kitahU mukuyAi / lachimI tanau lAbha nahiM lei, hote bhavana pAi nahiM deha // tAkI gati yaha jAnahu tyAna, lobha dIji mana taje parAna // " seThAniyoM ko jaba seTha ke maraNa kA dukhada vRtta jJAta huA to unake zoka kA pAra na rhaa| Akhira vaha unakA pati thaa| para ve karatI kyA ? saMtoSa dhAraNa kiyA aura apanA sArA jIvana jinendra pUjA karane aura muniyoM ko dAna dene meM bitA diyaa| anta meM sanyAsamaraNa karake ve deva huI / zrAvaka dharma kI mahattA ko unhoMne apane Adarza caritra se spaSTa kara diyaa| isa kathA ko kahakara varadatta muni ne batAyA ki mallI seThAnI kA jIva durgati ke dukha bhugata kara kSayaMkarI huA hai| yadi kSayaMkarI zrAvaka

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 65 vrata pAle to apane pApoM se chuTakArA pA sakatI hai| aMdhe ko do nayana mile / kSayaMkarI ne dharma dhAraNa kiyA aura jina pUjA karane aura sAdhuoM kI bhakti karane meM jIvana bitA diyA / samapariNAmoM se zarIra tyAga kara vaha svargoM meM devatA huii| basupati rAjA ne jaba mUtipUjA meM zaMkA kI to AcArya bole: "jima mAlA kari lIjai nAmu, citra nAri devai jima vAmu / jima kara dANa calatu ghAta, kanaka loha jima bhUSaNa gAta // jima ghaTa achara ghaTa ko jJAnu, imi deSe pratimA jina dhvAnu / ghaTa kAraNa ghaTa kI utpatti, paTa kAraNa paTu upajai satti // pratimA kAraNu puNya nimitta, vinu kAraNa kAraja nahiM mitta / pratimA rUpa pariNavai bhApu, doSAdika nahiM byApai pApu // krodha lobha mAyA vinu mAna, pratimA kAraNa pariNavai jJAna / pUjA karata hoi yaha bhAu, darzana pAe galai kpaau||" yaha caritra usa samaya kI sAmAjika dazA aura dhArmika vizvAsa ko pragaTa karane ke liye bhI mahattva kI cIz2a hai| santa jana aura sUphI loga 'nAma' kI raTanA mAlA ke AdhAra se karate the / jaba nirjIva mAlA se prabhu darzana ho sakate haiM, to koI kAraNa nahIM ki prabhu kI pratyAkRti se unakA bhAsa na ho ? eka ora mUrtipUjA kA virodha thA to dUsarI ora usakA samarthana / yaha grantha brahmagulAlajI ne jinendra kI mUrtipUjA aura muniyoM ko AhAradAna dene kI puSTi meM racA thaa| isakI prazasti nimna prakAra hai: "sunahu kathA tuma bhavya mahAna, jAhi sunai mana bAdai jJAna / kRpana jagAvana yAkau nAMu, par3ha guNe tAkI bali jAu //

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66 [ hindI caina sAhitya kA karau jagabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka pAi, tAkau sevagu brahma gulAla, kIjI madhyadeza raparI caMdavAra, tA samIpa kIratasiMgha tahA~ dhura dharai, vega tyAga ko dhyAnu - aMtaragati Ai / kathA kRpana ura sAlu // . TApU suSasAra samasari kareM // yaha maMDala kInu go-dhIru, kula dIpaka upajyo mahi vIru / ati udAra kInu jagadIsa, jI jau kulakaru kori varIsa // (?) mathurAmakla bhatIjo uru, dharmadAsa kula kau siramauru || ati punIta sumAnahu vayau, kali mahu~ seThi sudarasanu bhayau // tA upadesa kathA kavi karI, kavita caupahI sAMcai DharI / brahma gulAla guru nekI chAha, pUrI bhaI jo raSimAha // soraha se ikahattara jeTha, nuMmIhi divasa sumari parameThi / kRSNa pakSa zubha zukara vAru, sAhi salaima chatra sira bhAru // "" 1 isa prazasti se spaSTa hai ki kavi gulAlajI bha0 jagabhUSaNa ke ziSya the / vaha raparIM aura caMdAvara gAMvoM ke pAsa base hue TApU gAMvoM meM rahate the / jo Ajakala jilA AgarA ke antargata haiM / vahA~ kA rAjA kIratasiMha thA, jisane kosama ( ilAhAbAda ) kA kilA jItA thA aura isa maMDala ko gau rakSaka banAyA thA / vahA~ hI dharmadAsa ke kula meM mathurAmallajI rahate the| jo brahmacarya - vrata pAlane meM seTha sudarzana ke samAna the| kavi ne unhIM ke upadeza se yaha prantha saMvat 1671 meM racA thA / kavi eka siddhahasta kalAkAra the / brahmagulAla ke race hue anya grantha bhI milate haiM; kintu hamAre dekhane meM nahIM Ae haiN| paM0 acalakIrti kA racA huA 'viSApahAra stotra bhASA' saM0 1923 ke eka guTakA meM likhA huA milA hai| namUnA yaha hai :

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saMkSipta itihAsa]. "vizvanAtha vimala guNa Iza, viharamAna baMdau jina bIsa / gaNadhara gautama zArada mAi, vara dIjai mohiM buddhi sahAi / par3ha sune je paramAnanda, kalpavRkSa mahA sukha kanda / aSTa siddhi navanidhi so lahai, acala kIrti paMDita ima kahai // " inakI eka racanA 'aThArahanAte' nAmaka hai, jisameM Apane apanA paricaya yoM likhA hai "dharma kIye dhami hota hai, dharma kIyA dhana hoya / acalakIrati kavi yoM kahai, dharma karau saba koya // -kAmamahA0 // 5 // sahara pirojAbAda meM hoM, nAtA kI cauDhAla / bAra bAra saba sau kaho ho, sISo dharma vicAra // -kAma mahAbalI jI, suna piya catura sujAna // 54 // " zrI di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira dillI kI prati meM racayitA kA nAma kamalakIrti na mAlUma kisa taraha likhA gayA hai| pANDe jinadAsa ke race huye 'jambUcaritra' aura 'jJAnasUryodaya' nAmaka do padya grantha milate haiN| kucha phuTakara pada bhI haiM / 'jambUcaritra' saMvat 1642 meM racA gayA thaa| unake 'jogIrAsA' kA namUnA dekhiye "nA ho rAcau NA hI viracI, NA kachu bhaMti Na aannau| jIva sabai kucha kevalajJAnI, Appu samANA jANa // 21 // moha mahAgiri podi bahAU~, iMdiya thUli na rApau / kaMdarpa sarpa nivappa kare binu, viSaya viSama viSu nAkhau // 22 //

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[hindI bena sAhitya kA jogIya rAsau sIpahu bhAvaka, dosu na koI liijai| jo jinadAsa trividhi trividhiha, siddhahaM sumirana kIjai // 42 // " 'jambUcaritra' meM kavi ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai:"saMvata tau solA sai bhae, bayAlIsa tA Upara gye| bhAdoM badi pAcai guruvAra, tAdina kathA kiyau uccAra // 11 // akabara pAtasyAha kA rAja, kInI kathA dharma ke kAja / bhUlyo bisarayo akSara jahA~, paMDita guNI savArI tahA~ // 12 // koI dharmanidha pAsA sAhu, ToDara suta Agare sanAha / tAke nAya kathA yaha karI, mathurA maiM jihi nisahI karI // 13 // riSabhadAsa aru mohanadAsa, rUpa maMgada aru lachamIdAsa / dharmavRddhi tuma hI yau citta, rAja kare paravAra saMjutta // 14 // brahmacAra bhayau saMtIdAsa, tAke suta pAMDe jinadAsa / tina yA kathA karI mana lAya, punya heta mita nata vara tAhi // 95 // " muni kaNayaMbara viracita 'ekAdasa pratimA' nAmaka racanA hamAre saMgraha ke eka guTakA meM hai| usake kucha chanda nimna prakAra haiM: "muNivaru jaMpai mRgaNayaNI, aMsajalolliya-gaggiravayaNI // iMdiya komala dIhara nayaNI, pahukana aMbara bhaNamipaI / kiM mai labhaha sivapura ramaNI, muNivaru jaMpai mRgaNayaNI // 1 // jai tuhuM icchahi vayaNu sahoyari, paMcuMvara phala vanahi suMdari / satta uvasaNA dUri kari, jiNa varu sAmiuM hiyaI dharijahi // jai sammatuvi Nimmalau, tara tuhuM cadahi sudaMsaNa paDimA // 2 // mu. pahu kaNayaMvara bhaNamipaI, ima iha labbhai sivapuri ramaNI // mu. mAladeva-bar3agacchIya bhAvadeva sUri ke ziSya the| inake race hue do grantha upalabdha haiN| pahalA prantha 'purandarakumaracaupaI.

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saMkSipta itihAsa] nAmaka hai, jise kavi ne saM0 1652 meM racA thaa| isakI eka prati saM0 1809 kI likhI huI alIgaMja ke zrIzAntinAtha di0 jaina mandira ke bhaNDAra meM hai aura eka prati muni jinavijayajI ke pAsa hai| munijI ne ise hindI kA grantha mAnA hai aura isakI racanA acchI aura lalita batAyI hai| vaha likhate haiM ki jAna par3atA hai 'mAla' eka prasiddha kavi ho gayA hai| gujarAtI ke prasiddha kavi RSabhadAsa ne apane 'kumArapAlarAsa' meM jina prAcIna kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai, unameM mAla kA nAma bhI hai|" (hi jai-i-pR0 44-45) nissandeha kavi mAla kI racanA prasAdaguNasampanna hai| unakA vasanta Rtu kA varNana dekhiye "maMjari mukha sahakArasu, leu Ayau janu putra / jahi sisira vidhinA diyau, aba basanta miri kSatra // 22 // vArI vana phUle sakala, kusumavAma sahakAra / Rtu basanta Agama bhayau, pika bole jaikAra // 23 // malaya sugaMdha pavana bahai, sIhai sakamala nIra / lAgai divase suhAmaNa, caMgai tani mani dhIra // 24 // agara tagara dhana aMba, niMba kadaMba jaMbhIrI / sIMvala sAlaI jaMbu, arjuna khadira khajUrI // 25 // vakula tAla hi tAlaveta sayanasa vijurii| akSapa lakSa aparoTa, vaTa aMkola samaurI // 26 // kahai sIpa janu aMba caDhi, pika bolatI eha / bhogI mili krIDA karai, jovana phala kina lei // 38 // " dUsarA grantha 'bhojaprabandha' bhI ukta munijI ke pAsa hai| premIjI ne use dekha kara likhA thA ki 'isakI bhASA praur3ha hai,

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100 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA paraMtu usameM gujarAtI kI jhalaka hai aura apabhraMzazabdoM kI adhi. katA hai / vaha aisI sApha nahIM hai jaisI usa samaya ke banArasIdAsajI Adi kaviyoM kI hai| kAraNa, kavi gujarAta aura rAjapUtAne kI boliyoM se adhika paricita thaa| vaha pratibhAzAlI jAna par3atA hai / koI koI padya bar3e hI cubhate hue haiM : "bhalau huau jai nIsarI, aMguli sappi-muhAhu / ' oche setI prItI, jadi tui tadi lAhu // 9 // " sindhula lauTa kara jaba rAjA muMja ke samIpa AyA, taba muMja kapaTa kI ha~sI ha~sakara usake gale se lipaTa gyaa| isako lakSya karake kavi kahatA hai: "dhUrata rAjA muMja paNi, millau uThi gali lAgi / ko jANai dhana dAminI, jala mahiM Aui Agi // 120 // ghaNu varasai sIyala salila, soI mili hai vijnu / garuyaha tUsai~ jIvaya i, rUThai~ viNasaha baja // 12 // " "isa grantha kI yaha bAta noTa karane lAyaka hai ki isameM hindI ke dohoM ko 'prAkRtabhASA dohA' likhA hai| mAlUma hotA hai usa samaya hindI usI taraha prAkRta kahalAtI hogI jisa taraha bambaI kI ora isa samaya marAThI 'prAkRta' kahalAtI hai|" (hi jai0 i0 pR0 46-47) zrIbhagavatIdAsajI kI racanAyeM zrI di0 jaina bar3A maMdira mainapurI ke zAlabhaMDAra meM virAjamAna saM0 1680 ke likhe huye guTakA meM lipibaddha haiN| Apa prasiddha kavi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsajI se bhinna aura pUrvavartI haiN| saM0 1680 kA uparyukta guTakA unhIM 1.sarpa ke muMha se

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saMkSipta itihAsa] ke hAtha kA likhA huA hai / usa samaya unhoMne jahA~gIra bAdazAha kA rAjya likhA hai aura apane ko kASThAsaMghI mAthurAnvayI puSkara gaNIya bha0 sakalacaMdra ke paTTadhara maMDalAcArya mAhendrasena kA ziSya batAyA hai / yaha guTakA unhoMne saMcikA (saMkizA ? ) meM lipibaddha kiyA thaa| vaha agravAla di0 jaina the * aura aneka sthAnoM meM rahakara unhoMne dharmasAdhana kiyA thaa| vaise vaha sahajAdipura ke nivAsI the, paraMtu saMkisA aura kapisthala (kaithiyA?) meM Akara rahe the, jo jilA pharrukhAbAda meM haiN| inakI racanAoM kI bhASA apabhraMza prAkRta ke zabdoM se rikta nahIM hai| inhoMne (1) TaMDANArAsa, (2) banajArA, (3) AdattivatarAsA, (4) pakhavADe kA rAsa, (5) dazalAkSaNI rAsA, (6) anuprekSA-bhAvanA, (7) khIcar3I. rAsA, (8) anantacaturdazI caupAI, (9) sugaMdhadasamIkathA, (10) AdinAtha-zAntinAthavinatI, (11) samAdhIrAsa, (12) AdityavArakathA, (13) cunar3I-mukatiramaNI, (14) yogIrAsA, (15) anathamI, (16) manakarahArAsa, (17) vIrajinendragIta, (18) rohiNIvratarAsa, (19) DhamAlarAjamatI nemIsura aura (20) sajJAnI DhamAla nAmaka racanAyeM racI thIM, jo uparyukta guTakAmeM lipibaddha haiN| inake atirikta ApakI ekAanya racanA mRgAMkalekhAcaritra kA patA AmerabhaMDAra kI sUcI se calatA hai| "jaina-siddhAntabhAskara" (bhA0 4 kiraNa 3 pR0 177 184 ) meM hamane ina saba racanAoM kA khAsa paricaya karA diyA hai| inameM 'DhamAla' chanda kI kRtiyA~ usa samaya kI eka vizeSa 8 guru muNi mAhidaseNa-caraNa nami rAsA kiiyaa| dAsa bhagavatI agaravAli jiNapada manu dIyA //

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA racanA hai, jise loga saMbhavataH kIrtana kI taraha gAyA karate the| usameM saMgIta kI svaralaharI kA dhyAna rakkhA gayA hai / saMbhava hai ki savezyAmajI kI 'rAmAyaNa' kI taraha usa samaya DhamAlazailA kI racanAe~ janasAdhAraNa ke liye zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha manoraMjana kI cIja thii| loga unheM jayakAra ke sAtha gAte the| isakA udAharaNa dekhiye "paMca parama guru baMdivi, kari sArada jayakAru / gurupada-paMkaja paNamauM, sumati-sugati-dAsAru // soraTi desa bhalA saba desani mai paradhAnu / mahi maMDalu iuM rAjati jiu nabha-maMDalu bhAnu // koTi jatana koI karihau jIvana tau nita nAhiM / tanu-dhanu-jIvanu vinasai, kIrati rahai jaga mAMhi // 6 // muni mahendrasena guru siMha juga carana pasAi / bhASata dAsa bhagavatI, thAni kapisthali Ai // 61 // nara nArI je gAvahiM suNahi, catura de kAnu / / bhogavi sura-nara suha-phala, pAvahi sivapura thAnu // 62 // " kavi bhagavatIdAsa kI kavitA meM AkarSaNa hai-vaha janasAdhAraNa ke manako mohanevAlI hai aura unheM adhyAtma-rasakA pAna karAtI hai / kAma-zatru ko jItane ke liye vaha khUba kahate haiM "jagamahiM jIvanu sapanA, mana, manamathu para hariye / lohu-kohu-mada-mAyA, taji bhavasAyara tariye // " (sajJAnI DhamAla) kavi kI dRSTi meM sacA yogI kauna hai ? yaha bhI dekhiye

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103 saMcita itihAsa] "peSahu ho! tuma peSahu bhAI, jogI jagamahiM soii| ghaTa-ghaTa antara basai cidAnandu, malaSu na laSaI koI // bhava-vana bhUli rau bhramirAvalu, sivapura sudhi visraaii| parama atiMdiya siba suSu tajikara, viSayani rahiu lubhAI // " (yogIrAsA) aba kavike subhASita nIti-pA bhI par3hiye "jiNa viNu japu navi sohaha, tapu navi baMbha vinA / tapa viNu muNi navi sohaha, paMkaju ambha vinAM / / samakita viNu varatu na sohaha, saMjamu dhamma vinAM / dayA viNu dhamma na sohA, udimu karma vinAM // " (khicar3IrAsu) 'anuprekSA-bhAvanA' meM anityatva kA citraNa kavi kI pratibhA kA dyotaka hai| dekhiye "avadhU ! jANie hodhU, kichu depiya nAhi / kiuM ruci mAni eho, vihuI jo SiNamAhi // piNamAhi jAhi vilAsa maMdira, baMdhu-suta-vita atighnnaa| jala-reha-deha-sanehu-tiya, dAmini-damaka jiuM jovanAM // jisa hati jAta na vAra lAgaI, bulabulA jala peSie / avadhU ! parIkSa kahau jia, siu-dhUna kichu jagi deSie ?" kavi kI 'banajArA' zIrSaka kavitA janasAdhAraNa ke liye bar3I rocaka rahI hogii| kavi ne use bhI adhyAtmarasa kI mAdakatA se bhara diyA hai| prAraMbha ke do-tIna padya dekhiye "catura banajAre ho! namaNu karahu jiNarAha , sArada-pada sira dhyAi, e mere nAika ho // 1 //

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204 [hindI maina sAhityakA catura banajAre ho! kAvA nagara maMjhAri , cetanu banajArA rahai mere nAika ho| sumati kumati do nAri, tihi saMga neha adhika gahai, mere nAika ho // 2 // catura banajAre ho ! teraha mriganainI tiya doi , ika goro ika sAMvalI, mere nAika ho| tere goraDa kAja suloi, sAMvala hai lar3avAvalI, mere nAika ho // 3 // " ityaadi| sArAMzataH kavi bhagavatIdAsa kI saba hI racanAyeM samaSTi ko lakSya karaka likhI gaI haiN| kavi kI bhAvanA yahI rahI hai ki janatA kA adhika-se-adhika upakAra ho| kavi sAlivAhana bhadAvara prAnta meM kaMcanapura nagara ke adhivAsI the| vahA~ laMbecU jainI adhika saMkhyA meM rahate the aura harisiMhadeva nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| kavike pitA rAvata paragasena the aura unake guru bha0 jagabhUSaNa the| / 0 1695 meM kavi ne Agare meM 'harivaMza purAna' kI racanA kI thii| vaha zrI jinasenAcAryakRta saMskRta bhASA ke 'harivaMzapurANa' kA padyAnuvAda hai| kavine svayaM kahA hai ki "jinasenu purAnu sunau maiM nAmasAkI chAyA lai caupaI krii|" vastutaH isameM prAyaH caupaI chaMda kA hI ota-prota pravAha hai| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai| prAraMbha kA chanda dekhiye "prathama vaMdi bhI riSabha jiNaMda, jA sumaraMtahi hoya bhAnaMda / baMdU gaNadhara sarasvatI mAya, jA prasAda bahu budhi pasAya // 1 // "

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 105 ___ kavi sAlivAhana hindI ko 'devagirA' bhASA kahakara sambodhita karate haiM, isase anumAna hotA hai ki usa samama AgarA meM hindI pUjya bhAva se dekhI jAtI thii| pAMDe harikRSNajI muni vinayasAgara ke ziSya the| unhoMne 'catudazIvratakathA' saMvat 1699 meM racI thI / namUnA dekhie "rasa rasa bhUdhara mahI' so joI, zrAvaNa zukla ATha dina hoI / vinayasAgara kI AjJA karI, harikRSNa pAMDe cita mai dharI // " inakI aura bhI racanAeM milatI haiN| yaha yamasAranagara ke nivAsI the| paM0 banavArIlAlajI mAkhanapura ke nivAsI the| unhoMne khataulI ke caityAlaya meM baiThakara 'bhaviSyadattacaritra' kI racanA saMvat 1666 meM kI thii| kavi dhanapAla ke apabhraMza prAkRta bhASAmeM race hue 'bhaviSyadatta caritra' kA ise padyAnuvAda samajhanA caahiye| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai / vaNik putra bhaviSyadatta apane hastinApuravAle rAjA ke zatru se lar3ane kA bIr3A cabAtA hai / narapati sazaGka hotA hai, aura uttara meM kahatA hai "raNa saMgrAma pITha nahiM deuM, hAMko subhaTa jagata yaza leuM / paracakrI Ana lagAUM pAya, to muMha dikhAUM tujhako Aya // " jo kahA vahI usa vaNika-vIra ne kara dikhAyA"raNa saMgrAma bhir3e so jAya, pAyaka lAgyA pAyaka Aya / gayavara so gayavara bhiDe, ratha setI rathahI so juii| raNadhara Agai mAgai vIra, kolAhalu senAhu gahIra / anI mur3I podanapura rAya, ulaTA dala bhAgyA kho jAya /

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106 [hindI caina sAhitya kA bhaviSyadatta ne use baMdI banAyA aura hastinApura-bhUpAla ke caraNoM meM lAkara DAla diyA"jahAM baiThA ju nariMda bhopAla, caraNe le melhA tatakAla / rAya bhopAla AnaMda mana bhayA, baha sanmAna bhavisa kA kiyA // " guNa-gaurava bhalA kaba kisake hAtha bikA? kalyANadeva zvetAmbara sAdhu jinacandra sUri ke ziSya the| inakA eka grantha 'devarAja-baccharAjacaupaI' upalabdha hai, jise unhoMne saM0 1643 meM vikrama nAmaka nagara meM racA thaa| isameM eka rAjA ke baccharAja aura devarAja nAmaka do putroM kI kahAnI likhI gaI hai| yadyapi baccharAja bar3A thA, paraMtu mUrkha thA, isaliye rAjya devarAja ko milaa| baccharAja ghara se nikala gyaa| kaSToM ko sahana karate hue usane apanI unnati kI aura vApisa ghara aayaa| bhAI ne usakI parIkSAe~ lI; baccharAja uttIrNa huA aura Adhe rAjya kA svAmI huaa| premIjI ne isa graMtha ko dekhA hai aura vaha isakI racanA sAdhAraNa batAte haiN| bhASA meM, anya zvetAmbara racanAoM kI taraha, isameM bhI gujarAtI bhASA kA mizraNa hai| udAharaNa dekhiyeH 'jiNavara caraNa kamala namI, suha guru hIya dharesi / samarayAM savi sukha saMpajai, bhAjai sayala klesi||" hemavijaya eka andhe vidvAna aura kavi the| inake guru suprasiddha AcArya harivijaya sUri the| saMskRta zaSA meM 'kathA rakhAkara' Adi kaI sundara granthoM kA inhoMne praNayana kiyA hai| *hi0 i0, pR. 47-48

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 107 hindI meM inakI choTI choTI padyaracanAe~ milatI haiN| udAharaNa. svarUpa neminAtha tIrthakara kA stuti padya dekhiye "ghanaghora ghaTA unayI ju naI, itata utatai camakI bijalI / piyure piyure papihA bilalAti ju, mora kiMgAra karaMti milI // bica biMdu pare ga AMsu jhareM, duni dhAra apAra isI niklii| muni hemake sAhiba dekhana kU~, ugrasena lalI su akelI calI // " rUpacandajI kavivara banArasIdAsajI ke samaya Agare meM hue haiN| banArasIdAsajI ne inheM bahuta bar3A vidvAn batAyA hai| nissandeha rUpacaMdajI jainadharma ke acche marmajJa the| unake 'para. mArthIdohAzataka' se rUpacaMdajI kA AdhyAtmika pANDitya jhalakatA hai| premIjI ne bahuta dina huye jaba apane 'jainahitaiSI' patra meM unheM prakAzita kiyA thA aura vaha inakI sammati meM eka ucca koTi kI racanA hai| udAharaNa ke lie dekhie "cetana cit paricaya binA, japa tapa sabai nirastha / kana bina tusa jimi phaTakateM, bhAvai kachU na hastha // cetana sau paricaya nahIM, kahA bhaye prata dhAri / sAli bihaneM kheta kI, vRthA banAvata vAri // binA tattva paricaya lagata, aparabhAva abhirAma / tAma aura rasa rucata haiM, amRta na cAkhyo jAma // bhrama tai bhUlyau apanapau, khojata kina ghaTa mAMhi / bisarI vastu na kara caDhe, jo dekhe ghara cAhi // " kisa khUbI se pratyeka dohe meM jo bAta pahale kahI hai, usakI puSTi udAharaNa dvArA uttarArddha meM kI hai| sabhI dohe isI prakAra ke bar3e sundara haiN| 'gItaparamArthI' bhI unakI racanA batalAyI

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108 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA jAtI hai, parantu vaha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huI hai| premIjI ko kucha phuTakara gIta mile haiM, unheM vaha isI kA anumAna karate haiN| eka gIta kA nimnalikhita pada unhoMne udAharaNa meM upasthita kiyA thA "cetana, acaraja bhArI, yaha mere jiya Avai / amRta vacana hitakArI, sadaguru sumahiM par3hAvai // sadaguru tumahiM par3hAvai cita de, aru tumahU hau jJAnI / tabahU tumahiM na kyohU~, avA, cetana tatva kahAnI // viSayani kI caturAI kahie, ko sari karai tumhArI / bina guru phurata kuvidyA kaise, cetana acaraja bhaarii||" rUpacaMdajI kA 'maMgalagItaprabaMdha' jaina samAja meM 'paMcamaMgala' ke nAma se bahuta hI pracalita hai| isakI racanA uttama hai / zrI aMjanAsuMdarIrAsa satrahavIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| tapA. gaccha meM zrIharivijayajI sUri ke paramparA ziSya zrI vidyAharpasUri hue aura usake ziSya gaNi mahAnanda / unhoMne isa rAsagrantha ko rAyapura nagara meM saMvat 1661 meM racA thaa| isakI bhApA meM gujarAtI bhASA ke zabdoM kA bAhulya hai| isaliye ise hama gujarAtI mizrita hindI kaha sakate haiN| mAlUma hotA hai ki gaNi mahAnandajI gujarAta ke adhivAsI the| unakI racanA prasAda-guNa-sampanna hai| zrIjaina-siddhAnta-bhavana ArA meM isakI 'eka prAcIna prati maujUda hai / isa prati meM kula 22 patra haiM / racanA kA namUnA dekhiye: "phUliya vanai vanamAlIya vAlIya karaI re Takola / kari kuMkama raMga rolIya gholIya sakama jhola //

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saMkSipta itihAsa] khelai khela khaMDo kalI mokalI sahAyara sAtha / aMjanAsuMdarI suMdarI maMjarI prahI karI hAtha // 54 // madhukara karaI guMjArava mAra vikAra vahati / koyala karaiM paTahukar3A ikar3A melavA kaMta // malayAcala yo calakiu pulakiDa pavana pracaMDa / madana mahAnRpa pAjhai virahIni sira daMDa // 55 // / eNiM samaI naMdIsara varaI suravara jAi yAtra / dIsaha gayaNa vahaMtA kara gRhI kusumanAM pAtra // 2 iNi parigAyu aMjanA, suMdarI naMdana dhIra / dravya bhAva verI prabala, jiNa jItyA jaga bar3a vIra // carama zarIrI suguNa nara, gAtAM hoi ANaMda / baimana vaMchita saMpadA, hama bolai gaNi mahANaMda // " prazasti meM kavi ne likhA hai ki hIravijayajI ne akabarazAha ko pratibodhA thA aura zrIvijayasena gaNi ne akabara ke darabAra meM bhaTTa nAmaka vidvAn ko bAda meM parAsta kiyA thaa| isake upalakSya meM akabara ne amAri ghoSaNA kI thI:____ "zrIvijayasena gaNadhAra re // vistA0 // jiNi zAhi akayara nI sabhA mAMhi bhaTTa suM re kIdho kodho bAdubhabhaMga re / midhyAmatareSaDI karI re jiNi gabyu gabyu jina zAsani raMga re // 1 // gAya-vRSabha-mahipAdika jIvanI re, kIdhI kIdhI nitya amAri re / baMdi nakAlai ko guruvayaNa thIre, dravya apUtra nuM dAri re // 12 // " 1. sakhI ke sAtha bheja karake / 2. mamana meM jAte huye hAthoM meM kumamapAtra lie dikhAyI diye / 3. do|

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA prazasti se yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki vivekaharSa paMDita ne apane guru kI AjJA se kacchamaMDala meM vihAra kiyA thA aura vahA~ ke bhArAmalla rAjAko pratibodhA thaa| anta meM racanAprasaMga kA ullekha nimna prakAra hai :"tAsa caraNa suprasAdi vidyAharaSasuM re pAmI pAmI racyo be kara joDire / rAyapura nagari aMjanAsatI taNo re, rAsa Ayai mAyai maMgalakoDire // cadrakalA rasa gaganA saMvacchara jANare, zrI haNumaMta jananI rAsare / raMgire raMgire gaNi mahANaMda ima vInavahare, suNatAM suNatAM pahuvaha mananI aasre|| kavivara banArasIdAsa jI isa zatAbdi ke hI nahIM, balki sampUrNa hindI jainasAhityasaMsAra ke eka advitIya kavi the| hameM to unako 'rASTrakavi' athavA 'vizvakavi' kahane meM bhI saMkoca nahIM hai| jo rASTra ke sammukha eka Adarza rakkhe, usakI gatividhi ko palaTane kA hI udyoga kare use 'rASTrakavi' kahanA hI cAhiye / 'kavivara banArasIdAsajI kA kevala eka vahI pada, jisakA prAraMbha 'eka rUpa hindU turuka dUjI dazA na koi' se hotA hai, unakI rASTrIyatA ko vyakta karane ke liye paryApta hai| hindU aura musalamAna 'doU bhUle bharama meM' aura isIliye vaha 'bhaye eka soM doi' / kavivara unheM AdhyAtmika rUpa sujhA kara eka hone kA upadeza dete haiM aura unhoMne apanI racanAoM dvArA isa AdhyAtmika ekatA kA hI pracAra kiyA hai| itanA hI kyoM ? kavivara kI AtmA 'vasudhaivakuTambakam' kI nIti ke raMga meM raMgI huI thI / unako rASTrahita karane meM hI santoSa kaise hotA ? kavIndra ravIndra isa zatAbdi ke 'vizvakavi' isIliye kahalAye ki unhoMne vizva ko AtmakalyANa ke liye vizvaprema kA sandeza diyaa| kavivara banArasIdAsajI ne

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saMdita itihAsa] 111 bhI loka ko bhulAyA nhiiN| unakI dRSTi meM loka kA pratyeka sacetana jAjvalyamAna paramAtma-jyoti se vyApta thaa| vaha loka se kahate haiM ki "mere nainana dekhiye, ghaTa ghaTa antara rAma / " parantu loka ne to apanI A~khoM para ajJAna kI paTTI bA~dha rakkhI hai; vaha kavi ke batAye huye satya ko kaise cInhe ? svayaM kavivara hI usakI isa dayanIya dazA kA citraNa nimnalikhita padya meM karate haiM:"pATI ba~dhe locana soM saMkuce dabocani soM, kocani ko soca so nivede kheda tana ko| dhAivo hI dhaMdhA aru kaMdhA mAMhi lagyo jota, bAra bAra Ara sahai kAyara hai mana ko / bhUkha sahe pyAsa sahe durjana ko grAsa sahe, thiratA na gahe na usAsa lahe chinako / parAdhIna dhUmai jaiso kolhu ko kamero baila, taisoI svabhAva bhaiyA jagavAsI janako // " loka parAdhInatA kI zRGkhalAe~ tor3a kara jaba AtmasvAntavya prApta karatA hai, tabhI vaha sukhI hotA hai| yaha jAgRtAvasthA hI usake liye sukhakara hai "jaba cetana mAlima jagai, lakhai vipAka najUma / DArai samatA zrRMkhalA, yakai bha~vara kI ghUma // " jo kavi samadRSTi ko hI jAgRti kA pariNAma batAtA hai, use kyoM na krAntivAdI vizvakavi kahA jAya ? nissandeha kavivara

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112 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA banArasIdAsajI eka mahAna krAntivAdI sudhAraka vizvakavi the| vaha sAre vizva kI hitakAmanA ke raMga meM raMge hue the| ___paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne kavivarajI ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki isa zatAbdI ke jainakavi (yoM) aura lekhakoM meM hama kavivara banArasIdAsajI ko sarvazreSTha samajhate haiN| yahI kyoM, hamArA to khyAla hai ki jainoM meM inase acchA koI kavi huA hI nhiiN| ye Agare ke rahanevAle zrImAla vaizya the| inakA janma mAgha sudI 11 saM0 1643 ko jaunapura nagara meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma kharagasena thaa| ye bar3e hI pratibhAzAlI kavi the| apane samaya ke ye sudhAraka the| pahale zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anuyAyI the, pIche digambara sampradAya meM sammilita ho gae the; parantu jAna par3atA hai, inake vicAroM se sAdhAraNa logoM ke vicAroM kA mela nahIM khAtA thaa| ye adhyAtmI yA vedAntI the| kriyAkANDa ko ye bahuta mahattva nahIM dete the| isI kAraNa bahuta se loga inake viruddha ho gaye the| yahA~ taka ki usa samaya ke meghavijaya upAdhyAya nAma ke eka zvetAmbara sAdhune unake viruddha *eka 'yuktiprabodha' nAma kA prAkRta nATaka hI likha DAlA thA, jo upalabdha hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki inako aura inake anuyAyioM ko usa samaya ke bahuta se loga eka judA hI pantha ke samajhane lage the| unakA yaha mata 'bAnArasI' yA 'adhyAtmI' kahalAtA thaa| usa yuga kI mAMga use kahanA cAhiye / vaise kavivarajI ne usameM jainadharma ke eka pakSavizeSa ko mukhyatA dene ke atirikta koI naI bAta nahIM phailAyI thii| vaha sAre jagat ko 'adhyAtmI' banAkara vizva ko *hi. sA. 3. pR.1

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113 saMkSipta itihAsa] eka kuTumba meM pariNata huA dekhane kI abhilASA rakhate the / yaha unakI mahattA aura vizAlahRdayatA kA dyotaka hai| __ AgarA usa samaya adhyAtmarasarasika vidvAnoM kA kendra thaa| kavivarajI bhI vahA~ adhika samaya taka jJAnagoSThI karate huye rahe the| sahayogI vidvAnoM meM paM0 rUpacaMdajI, caturbhujajI vairAgI, bhagavatIdAsajI, dharmadAsajI, kuMvarapAlajI aura jagajIvanajI vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN|' paM0 rUpacaMdrajI 'gItaparamArthI' Adi racanAoM ke racayitA kavi haiM, jinakA paricaya anyatra likhA gayA hai| zrI caturbhujajI vahI pratIta hote haiM jinakA ullekha kavi kharagasena ne apane 'trilokadarpaNa' meM kiyA hai aura unheM 'vairAgI' likhA hai / mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha eka udAsIna vidvAna adhyAtmI paMDita the| vaha aksara lAhaura jAyA karate the aura vahA~ ke jijJAsuoM ko adhyAtmarasa kA pAna karAte the| bhagavatIdAsajI jaina sAhitya ke prasiddha kavi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa se bhinna vyakti haiM aura yaha vaha kavi pratIta hote haiM jo muni mahendrasena ke ziSya the aura sahajAdipura ke rahanevAle agravAla vaizya the / unakI racanAoM kA paricaya pahale likhA jA cukA hai| dharmadAsajI zAyada ve hI haiM jinake sAjhe meM banArasIdAsajI ne kucha samaya taka 1."nagara AgarA mAhi vikhyAtA, kArana pAi bhaye bhubhaataa| ___paMca puruSa mati nipuma pravIne, nizidina zAnakathA rasa mAne // 10 // rUpacaMda paMDita prathama, dutiya caturbhuja nAma / tRtiya bhagotIdAsa nara, korapAla gunadhAma ||1|| dharmadAsa e paMca jana, mili dekheM ikaThora / paramAraSa caracA kareM inake kathA na bhora // 11 // " - samayasAra nATaka bhaassaa|

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114 [hindI caina sAhitya kA javAharAta kA vyApAra kiyA thA aura jo jasU amarasI osavAla ke choTe bhAI the|' kuMvarapAlajI banArasIdAsajI ke abhinna-hRdaya mitra the| 'sUktimuktAvalI' kA padyAnuvAda kavivara ne unake sAtha milakara kiyA thaa| jagajIvanajI bhI Agare ke rahanevAle vidvAna the| 'zAniyoM kI maMDalI meM unakA bhI vikAsa thA / ' maM. 1701 meM banArasIdAsajI kI sabhI phuTakara racanAoM kA saMgraha 'banArasIvilAsa' nAma se kiyA thaa| sArAMzataH Agaga usa samaya sAhitya aura jJAna kA kendra banA huA thaa| yadyapi kavivara banArasIdAsajI kA janma eka dhanI aura sammAnya kula meM huA thA, parantu unake bhAgya meM caina se rahanA nahIM badA thA / dhana ke lie vaha prAyaH jIvana bhara daur3a-dhUpa karate rahe, parantu phira bhI kaSToM se mukta na hue| unakA vivAha kevala gyAraha varSa kI choTI umra meM huA thA aura ATha varSa kI avasthA se unhoMne vidyA par3hanA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| yadyapi unhoMne kucha adhika nahIM par3hA thA. parantu apanI svAbhAvika pratibhA ke kAraNa Age calakara vaha eka acche vicAraka aura sukavi ho gaye the| kavitva-zakti to unheM prakRti-prApta thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki nhoMne caudaha varSa kI avasthA meM hI eka hajAra dohA caupAiyoM kA navarasa grantha banA DAlA thA, jise unhoMne Age calakara gomatI meM bahA diyA thaa| vaha saMskRta prAkRta ke atirikta aneka 1. ardhaka0, pR. 81. 1. jagajIvanajI ne svayaM likhA hai :"samai joga pAi jagajIvana vikhyAta bhyo| zAnina kI DilI meM jisako vikAsa hai|"

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 115 dezI bhASAyeM bhI jAnate the| unake viSaya meM kaI kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiM, jinapara sahasA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kintu isameM zaka nahIM ki kavivara jahA~gIra bAdazAha aura mahA kavi tulasIdAsajI ke samakAlIna the aura yaha saMbhava hai ki unakA paraspara sAkSAtkAra huA ho / 'jJAnI pAtazAha tAko merI tamalIma hai'-kavi kA yaha caraNa bAdazAha jahA~gIra ke samparka meM kimI rUpa meM Ane kI sambhAvanA prakaTa karatA hai| ho sakatA hai ki bAdazAha jahA~gIra ne unase salAma karane ke liye kahA hogA athavA unakI AlyAtmikatA kI vArtA sunakara unheM tulA bhejA hogA aura taba kavivara na ziprAcAra nibhAne ke liye ukta caraNa vAlA padA racakara kahA hogaa| isI prakAra mahAkavi tulasIdAsajI se bho sAkSAtkAra honA niga asaMbhava nahIM hai| jaba maM0 1680 meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI divaMgata huye the, usa samaya kavivara kI avasthA 37 varSa kI thI / usa samaya vaha avazya hI pratibhAzAlI anubhavI kavi ho gaye the| kintu Azcarya hai-sAkSAtkAra kA ullemba kahIM nahIM hai| yadi vaha parampara mile hote no umakA ullekha kahIM na kahIM milanA cAhie thaa| inake jIvana meM samAnatA bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai-donoM mahAkavi yauvanAgama para matta hue milate haiM / tulasIdAsajI apanI strI ke prema meM aMthe huye, to banArasodAsajI izkabAjI meM phasa gye| donoM kaviyoM ko mahA. mArI roga ke prakopa kA bhI kaTu anubhava thaa| donoM kI kavitAoM meM bhI sAmya hai / kavivara vanAgmIdAsajI jinavANI ko stuti meM kahate haiM

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA "sudhAdharmasaMsAdhanI dharmazAlA, sudhAtApani manI meghamAlA / mahAmoha vidhvaMsanI mokSadAnI, _ namo devi vAgezvarI jainavANI / atItA ajItA sadA nirvikArA, viSaya vATikA vaMDinI mbaDga dhArA / purApApa vikSepa kI kRpANI, namo devi vAgezvarI jainavANI // " gosvAmIjI ke zrI 'navadurgAvidhAna' kA nimnalikhita padya aba parA padie"yahaiM sarasvatI haMsavAhinI pragaTa rUpa, yahai bhava bhedinI bhavAnI zaMbhu dharanI / yaha jJAna laschana mAM lacchamI vilokiyata, yahai guNa ratana bhaMDAra bhAra bharanI // " kavivara banArasIdAsajI ke dohe bhI tulasIdAsajI ke dohoM se milate huye haiN| dekhiye, kavivara mAyA ke viSaya meM kahate haiM "mAyA chAyA eka hai, gharai badai china mAhi / inakI saMgati je lagaiM, tinahiM kahIM sukha nAhiM // jyoM kAhU viSadhara use, ruci soM nIma cabAya / syoM numa mAyA soM mate, magana viSaya sukha pAya // " gosvAmIjI bhI yahI kahate haiM "kAma krodha lobhAdi mada, prabala moha ke dhAri / tihaM maha ati dAraNa dukhada, mAyA rUpI nAri // "

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] 117 isI prakAra aura bhI kavitAoM meM sAmya hai, parantu yaha sthala unakI tulanA karane ke liye upayukta nahIM hai / sArAMza yaha ki banArasIdAsajI kI kavitA tulasIdAsajI kI kavitA se samatA rakhatI hai / yahI eka kiMvadantI pracalita nahIM hai ki kavivara banArasIdAsa mahAkavi tulasIdAsajI ke samparka meM Aye the, balki kahA yaha bhI jAtA hai ki santa sundaradAsajI ke saMsarga meM bhI vaha Aye the / 'sundara pranthAvalI' ke sampAdaka paM0 harinArAyaNa jI zarmA, bI. e. ne usakI bhUmikA meM eka sthala para likhA hai ki " prasiddha jaina kavi banArasIdAsajI ke sAtha sundaradAsajI kI maitrI thI / sundaradAsajI jaba Agare gaye taba banArasIdAsajI ke sAtha unakA saMsarga huA thA / banArasIdAsajI sundaradAsajI kI yogyatA, kavitA aura yaugika camatkAroM se mugdha ho gaye the| tabhI utanI lAghA muktakaMTha se unhoMne kI thI / parantu vaise hI tyAgI aura medhAvI banArasIdAsajI bhI to the / unake guNoM se sundaradAsajI prabhAvita ho gaye, isIse vaisI acchI prazaMsA unhoMne bhI kI thii|" premIjI ne isa sambandha meM likhA hai ki "santa sundaradAsajI kA janmakAla vi0 saM0 1653 aura mRtyukAla 1746 hai / isalie banArasIdAsajI se unakI mulAkAta honA saMbhava to hai; parantu jaba taka koI aura pramANa na mile taba taka ise eka kiMvadantI se adhika mahattva nahIM diyA jA sakatA / " ( ardhaka0 pR0 25-27 ) kavivara banArasIdAsajI kI sarvaprathama racanA 'navarasa - se 'padyAvalI' thI, jise unhoMne apane hI hAtha samAdhi de dI thI / vaha eka hajAra dohe gomatI nadI meM jalacaupAiyoM meM izka

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118 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA bAjI se bharI huI thI / isa racanA ke sambandha meM kavivara likhate haiM " pothI eka nAI naI, mita hajAra dohA caupaI / tAmaiM navarama racanA likhI pai visesa varanana AsikhI // aise kukavi banArasI bhae, mithyA graMtha banAe nae // " isake pazcAna unhoMne jo praur3ha racanAe~ racIM, ve sAhitya aura dharma ke liye bar3e mahattva kI haiN| unakI aba taka nimnalikhita racanAe~ milI hai ( 1 ) nAmamAlA - jo 175 dohoM kA choTA-sA zabdakopa hai aura saM0 1670 meM jaunapura meM racA gayA thA / vIrasevAmaMdira sarasAvA dvArA prakAzita kiyA jA cukA hai / (2) nATaka samayasAra - kavivarajI kI yaha sabase prasiddha aura mahattvapUrNa racanA hai / yadyapi isakA AdhAra pUrvAcAryo ke grantha haiM, parantu phira bhI yaha eka maulika grantha bhAsatA hai / saM 1693 meM Agare meM vaha racA gayA thA / nimsa ko ndeha kavivarajI ne isameM AdhyAtmika alaukika Ananda kUTa-kUTa kara bhara diyA hai| jarA isa manaharaNa chanda ke anuprAsa, artha aura bhAva para vicAra kIjiye - "karama bharama jaga timira harana uraMga lakhana paga ziva nirakhata nayana bhavika jala harayata amita bhavika madana kadana jita parama dharama sumirata bhagata bhagata svarA, maga darapi / varapata jana hita, ma sarasi // irami /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] sajala jalada tana mukuTa sapata phana, kamaTha dalana jina namata banarasi // " nimnalikhita chandoM meM jIva aura zarIra kI bhinnatA kA viziSTa varNana dekhie"deha acetana preta darI raja, reta bharI mala kheta kI kyArI / vyAdhi kI poTa arAdhi kI oTa, upAdhi kI joTa samAdhi sau nyArI // re jiya ! deha kare sukha hAni, ite pari tohi tu lAgata pyArI / deha tu nohi tajegi nidAna pi, na hita jaM kyuM na dehaki yArI // 7 // aura bhI par3hiye"ta kI mI gardI kidhoM madI hai masAna kesI, aMdara aMdherI jaisI kaMdarA hai saila kii| Upara kI camaka damaka paTabhUkhana kI, dhokhe lAge bhalI jaisI kalI hai kanaila kii| Aguna kI oNDI mahA bhoMDI mohakI kanoMDI, mAyAkI mamUrati hai mUrani hai maila kii| mI deha yAhi ke maneha yAkI saMgati soM, hai rahI hamArI mati kola kame bala kI // " isa choTe-se dohe meM kavi ne kitane marma kI bAta kaha dI hai "jAke ghaTa samatA nahIM, mamatA magana sadIva / ramatA rAma na jAnahIM, so aparAdhI jIva // "

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12. [hindI jaina sAhitya kA mumukSuoM ko sAre grantha ko par3hakara adhyAtmarasa kA AsvAdana karanA caahiye| (3) banArasIvilAsa meM kavivara jI kI lagabhaga 57 phuTakara racanAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| saM0 1701 meM paM0 jagajIvana jI ne yaha saMgraha kiyA thaa| isameM 'karmaprakRtividhAna' nAmaka eka racanA dI huI hai, jo kavivara kI saMvat 1700 kI racI huI antima racanA hai| isa racanA ke pUrNa hone ke kevala 25 dina bAda hI banArasIvilAsa kA saMgraha kiyA gayA thaa| isa kSaNika antarakAla meM yadi kavivara jI kA svargavAsa huA hotA aura unakI smRti meM jagajIvana jI ne yaha saMgraha kiyA hotA, to vaha isa mahAna viyoga aura smRti-rakSA kA ullegya avazya karate / vaha yaha na likhate ki"aura kAvya panI gvarI karI hai banArasI ne, mo bhI eka kramasetI kIjai gyAna bhAma hai / aisI jAni eka Thaura kInI saba bhASA jori, tAko nAma dharayau yo yanArasIvilAsa hai // " kaI varSa hue jaba yaha grantha paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI dvArA "jaina prantha-ramAkara sIrIja" meM prakAzita kiyA gayA thaa| aba anupalabdha hai| isameM saMgrahIta 'jhAnabAvanI' ke do chanda dekhiye"dhanArasIdAsa jAtA bhagavAna bheda pAyo; bhayo hai uchAha tere vacana kahAya meM / bheSadhAra kahai bhaiyA bheSa hI meM bhagavAn bheSa meM na bhagavAna, bhagavAna bhAva meM // sakSakoTi jori jori kaMcana aMbAra kiyo, karatA maiM yAko ye to kare merI zobhako /

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121 saMkSipta itihAsa] dhAmaghana bharo mere aura to na kAma kacha, sukhabisarAma so na pAveM kahU~ thobhako / aiso balavaMta dekha moha nRpa khuzI bhayo, senApati thApyo jaise ahaMbhAra momako / banArasIdAsa jJAtA jJAna meM vicAra dekhyo, logana ko lobha lAgyo lAge loga lobhako // " (4) arddhakathAnaka kavivara kI apUrva racanA hai| isameM unhoMne apane jIvana kI sabhI choTI-bar3I ghaTanAyeM saMvat 1698 taka kI likhI haiN| isa prakAra 'arddha kathAnaka' kavivara ke 55 varSa kA Atmacarita hai| unhoMne isa grantha ke anta meM likhA hai ki Ajakala kI utkRSTa Ayu ke anupAta se 55 varSa kI Ayu AdhI hai| ataH isa grantha kA nAma 'arddhakathAnaka' upayukta hai| yadi jIvita rahA to zeSa jIvana kA caritra aura likha jaauuNgaa| kintu jJAta nahIM ki kavivara kitane varSa aura jIvita rahe aura unhoMne zeSa Ayu kI jIvanI likhI bhI yA nahIM ? premIjI kA anumAna hai ki kavivara kI 'banArasIpati' nAmaka racanA hI saMbhavataH unake zepa jIvana kA Atmacaritra hai, parantu durbhAgya se vaha abhI kahIM se upalabdha nahIM huA hai| 'arddhakathAnaka' aba prakAzita ho gayA hai| prayAga vizvavidyAlaya kI hindI mamiti ne bhI use yadvA tadvA prakAzita kiyA hai, parantu paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI kI bambaI vAlI AvRtti vizeSa prAmANika hai| ____ 'arddhakathAnaka ke viSaya meM premIjI ne likhA hai ki "yaha anya unheM (kavivara jI ko) jaina-sAhitya ke hI nahIM, sAre hindI sAhitya ke bahuta hI UMce sthAna para ArUr3ha kara detA hai / isa dRSTi se to ve hindI ke bejor3a kavi siddha hote haiN| ............

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122 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA hindI meM hI kyoM. hamArI samajha meM zAyada sAre bhAratIya mAhitya meM ( musalamAna bAdazAhoM ke AtmacaritoM ko chor3akara ) yahI eka Atmacarita hai, jo Adhunika samaya ke AtmacaritoM kI paddhati para likhA gayA hai|" (hi. jai. sA0 i0 pR. 4.) / paM. banArasI. dAsa jI caturvedI ne bhI 'arddhakathAnaka' ko kaviyara kI apUrva racanA batAyI hai aura likhA hai ki "kavivara banArasIdAsa kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika Atmacarita-lekhakoM ke dRSTikoNa se bilkula milatA-julatA hai| apane cAritrika dopoM para unhoMne pardA nahIM DAlA hai, balki unakA vivaraNa ima khatrI ke sAtha kiyA hai. mAno koI vaijJAnika taTastha vRtti se koI vizlepaNa kara rahA ho / . . kavivara banArasIdAma jo zrAtmacarita likhane meM saphala hue isake kaI kAraNa haiM; unameM eka to yaha hai ki unake jIvana kI ghaTanAe~ itanI vaicitrya-pUrNa haiM ki unakA yathAvidhi varNana hI unakI manIraMjakatA kI gAraMTI bana sakatA hai| aura dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki kavivara meM hAmyarama kI pravRtti acchI mAtrA meM pAyI jAtI thii| apanA majAka ur3Ane kA koI mauqA ve nahIM chor3anA cAhate / .. sabase bar3I khUbI isa Atmacarita kI yaha hai ki vaha tIna sau varSa pahale ke mAdhAraNa bhAratIya jIvana kA dRzya jyoM kA tyoM upasthita kara detA hai|" (ardhaka0 pR. 2-3) ataeva yaha kahanA ThIka hai ki "chaH sau pacahattara dohA aura caupAiyoM meM kavivara banArasaM dAma jI ne apanA caritra citraNa karane meM kAphI saphalatA prApta kI hai|" usake katipaya udAharaNa dekhiye| kaI mahInoM taka kavivara eka kacaur3IvAle se udhAra kacaur3iyA~ khAte rhe| phira eka dina ekAnta meM usase bole

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123 saMkSipta itihAsa] "tuma udhAra kInI bahuta, Age aba jina dehu / mere pAsa kicha nahIM, dAma kahA~ sau lehu // " parantu kacaur3IvAlA bhalA AdamI thaa| usane uttara diyA "kahai kacaurIvAla nara, bIsa rupaiyA khAhu / tumasauM kou na kachu kahai, jahA~ bhAva tahA~ jAhu // " kavivara ne chai-sAta mahIne taka usake yahA~ donoM vakta bharapeTa kacaur3iyA~ khAI aura jaba gA~Tha meM paise Aye to caudaha rupaye dekara hisAba sApha kara diyaa| pAThaka, dekhiye usa samaya kitanA subhikSa thA aura kitane sarala aura udAra dukAnadAra the| vi0 saM0 1673 meM Agare meM pahale-pahala plega kA prakopa huA / kavivara ne usakA A~gvoM degyA varNana kima sajIvatA se kiyA hai "imahI samaya Iti vistarI, parI Agare pahilI marI / jahA~ taho saba bhAge loga, paragaTa bhayA gaoNTa kA roga / / nikama gAMThi marai china mAhiM, kAha kI ampAya kAchu nAhiM / cUhe mare vaidya nara jAhi, bhaya mI loga anna nahiM khAhiM // 35 // " kahIM-kahIM kavivara ne bahuta hI hRdayasparzI varNana kiyA hai| bhAI kI mRtyu para vaha likhate haiM "dhanamala ghanadala uni gaye, kAla-pavana-maMjoga / mAta pitA taruvara nae, lahi Anapa mana-yoga // " jaba kavivara eka bar3I bImArI se mukta hokara ghara Aye, usa samaya kI sthiti kA citraNa dekhiye

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124 [hindI baina sAhitya kA "Aya pitA ke pada gahe, mA roI ura Thoki / jaise cirI kurIja kI, tyoM suta dazA viloki // " yadyapi kavivarajI ne saMskArita bhASA meM hI apanI adhikAMza racanAyeM racI haiM, parantu phira bhI vaha apabhraMza-mizrita bhASA prayoga ko bhI bhulA nahIM make haiN| 'mokSa-pair3I' ke nimnalikhita chandoM ko dekhie -- "ika samaya maciyaMtano, guru akva sunamalla / jo tujha aMdara cetanA, bahai tusAr3I ala // 1 // e jina vacana mahAvane, muna canura chayallA / azvai rocaka zivAya no, guru dIna dayallA // isa busa budha lahalahai, nahiM rahe mayallA / ipadA marama na jAnaI, so dvipada bayallA // 2 // " 'mohavivekajuddha' nAmaka racanA bhI kavi banArasIdAsajI kI kahI jAtI hai, parantu premIjI use kavivarajI kI kRti nahIM samajhate, balki vaha kisI anya banArasIdAsa kavi kI racanA batAte haiN| kuMvarapAlI kavivara banArasIdAsajI ke ananya mitra aura unakI 'dharma-zailI' ke uttarAdhikArI the| yaha acche kavi aura vidvAna the, parantu inakI koI mvatantra racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| 'sUktimuktAvalI' meM inake race hue kucha chanda milate haiM / lobha kI nindA kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye "parama dharama bana dahai, durita bhambara gati dhArahi / kuyaza ma udagarai, bhUri bhaya bhasma vidyArahi // dula phuliMga phukarai, tarala tRSNA kala kAhi /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 125 dhana iMdhana Agama saMjoga, dina dina ati bAdahi // lahalahai lobha-pAvaka prabala, pavana moha uddhRta bhai| dAhi udAratA Adi bahu, guNa pataMga kaeNvarA' kahai // 59 // " vizAlakIrtijI bAgar3a deza ke sAgavADisaMgha ke sAdhubhaTTAraka the| zrI vijayakIrti paTTadhara zubhacandra sUri unake guru the| unhoMne saM0 1620 meM dharmapurI nAmaka sthAna meM 'rohiNIvratarAsa' nAmaka grantha racA thaa| yathA "sakala kalA guNa sAgara re, Agaru mahimA nidhAna / vijaya kIrati pATi pragarIlA, zubhacandra mUri pAmyA mAna // 2 // taha taNA paya praNamAmi re, mAMgU buddhi vizAla / / rohiNI vrata vAsa karatA, tRTi karmanoM jAla // 3 // vAgaDa deza mAhiM ati bhalA re, jina bhavana utsaMga / sAgavAri saMgharu bar3ho, nita navA ummaya raMga // 8 // dharmapuro sthAnaka bhallure, zrAvaka basi muvicAra / tyA~ hamI rAma sugama karo, muNajyo bhavijana nAra // 9 // maMvata sola vosottari re, AzATha yadi ravivAra / caudazi dina raliyA maNi, rAma racyo manohAra // 10 // zrI jina vRSabha Adizvara, pUrI saMgha nI Ama / sakala saMgha kalyANa karu, vizAlakArani goli dAsa // // " racanA sAdhAraNa hai| isakI eka prati saM0 1620 kI likhI huI zrI nayAmandira dharmapurA dillI ke zAnabhaNDAra meM maujUda hai / (naM0 a50) vijayadevasari kA samaya saM0 1633 mAnA jAtA hai| inakA racA huA eka 'sIlarAsA' nAmaka grantha zrI nayAmandira dharmapurA

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126 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA dillI ke zAstra bhaNDAra ( naM0 a 49-ga) meM vidyamAna hai / bhASA gujarAtI mizrita hai / udAharaNa dekhiye "rAsa bhaNisuM ralIyA maNau, jaM suNi kokila jima kalirava karai, mAma sIla hiyai thira thAi / vasaMta kaha aMba pasAi // kaha0 // x x X X jehavaDa caMcala kuMjara kAna, vega paDaha jima pAkaDa jo pAna | jehatrI caMcala bIjalI, jehavo caMcala saMdhyA no vANa // zubha aNI jala jehavau, tehavo jovanamyuM abhimAna / piNa piNa jAr3a chaha chajinau, viSaya ma gaciDyo vigraha samAna // X X X X zrI pUjya pAmacaMdra taNai supamAya, sIsa dharaha nijaniramala bhAvi / nayara jAloraha jAgatau, hivaha nemi namuM tumheM be kara jor3i // X X x X , sAmi durita naha duSa saha hari hari begi manoratha mAharA pari / AsyuM saMgama ApiDyo, hiva ima vInavaha ema zrIvijayadevasUri // " isameM nemi rAjula kathA kA varNana hai / kavi nanda Agare ke nivAsI goyala gotrI agravAla the / inhoMne saM= 1670 meM 'yazodharacaritra bhASA caupaI racA thA, jisameM unhoMne apanA paricaya nimna prakAra likhA hai -- "apravAra hai vaMza gaunA thAnako, goilagIta prasiddha cihnatA ThAva kI / mAtA caMdA nAma pitA bhairI bhanyau, pari haoNka naMda kahI manamoda sugunaganu - nA gantrau // 607 // * yahA~ para kucha azuddhi mAlUma hotI hai / zAyada 'pari' ke sthAna para 'kavi'zabda hai / pahale eka sthala para kavi ne apanA nAma 'naMda' likhA hai /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 127 __ Agare meM zAha naradI ke surAjya kA ullekha kavi ne khUba kiyA hai'mahara AgarI nI muravAsa, jihipura nAnA bhogavilAsa // 8 // nRpati naradI zAhi mujAna, aritama teja harana mA bhAna / dRSTani porI duSTani haneM, kaoNpahi mani ju mAha guna ganai // 5 // jAkai rAja mupyako mAja, saba koI karai dharma ko kAja // 13 // hohi pratiSTA jinavara tanI, dIyahi dharmavaMta bahudhanI / eka karAvahi jigavara dhAma, lAgeM jahAM amaMpina dAma // 14 // eka ligvAke parama purAna, eka kahi sanIka pradhAna / rAja baina kora makAna na lau, kavinA kavitna napI tapa tapeM / / 1 / / esI ausara pI rAja, sI budhi kaseM mI mAja / bhayo na haha supa kI kaMda, yaha mana mAMhi vicAra naMda // 16 // ' isa prakAra kavi ke samaya meM AgarA meM sAhitya aura dharma kI puNyadhArA vaha rahI thii| inake 'yazodhara caritra' kI eka prati maM0 1972 kI likhI huI zrI nayAmaMdira dillI ke sarasvatIbhaMDAra meM ( naM0 a 36 kha ) maujUda hai| vahA~ ke 'paMcAyatI maMdira ke bhaMDAra' meM inhIM kavi naMda kA saM0 1663 kA racA huA 'sudarzanacaritra' bhI maujUda hai| karmacaMdrakRta 'mRgAvatI caupaI' sonIpata ke paMcAyatI maMdira ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM maujUda hai, jise bAyU mAIdayAla jI ne saM0 1605 kA likhA huA banAyA hai / ( anekAnta varSa 5 pR. 216 ) mundaradAsajI vAgar3adeza ke nivAsI vidita hote haiN| unake hAtha kA likhA huA saM0 1678 kA eka guTakA hameM jasayanna

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128 [hindI caina sAhitya kA nagara (iTAvA) ke eka bhAI ke pAsa dekhane ko milA thaa| ise unhoMne mallapura meM likhA thA . kavi muMdara kI do racanAyeM 'sundarasatasaI' aura 'sundaravilAma' batAI jAtI haiN| ukta guTakA meM jo padya diye haiM, vaha 'muMdavilAsa' ke ho sakate haiN| udAharaNa dekhiye "kahA dharai siri jaTA kahA niti mAma muMDAye; kahA dharai mumbi mAni kahA tanu bhasma cddh'aaye| paMca agani sAdhaM sadA dhUma sahita bahu bAra; kriyA hetu jANI nahIM to kyoM siva lahai gaMvAra // prasthara kI kari nAva pAra-vadhi utanyo cAhai; kAga ur3Avani kAja mUda ciMtAmaNi thAhaiM / vaisi chAha bAdala maNA racai dhUma ke dhAma; kari kripANa sejyA ramai te kyoM pAvai vimarAma // agani puja maiM paisi kahata vamadhAraya cApI; kanaka mera musi ANa gehi gupanA kari rASauM / bAlU se bhari ghANa tela kAnuNa kI peleM: giri para kavala ugAha dava kI juvA kheleM // ropi rupa caNi taNoM bhAva laiMga kI hausa; ____ApaNa hata jANe nahIM te deta daI ko dosa / suparne saMpati pAi bahuri so thira kari jANe; upavaNa sIMcaNa kAji kumbha kAcAM bhari ANe / / jIva dayA pAleM nahIM cAhe susukha apAra; bA boja babUla kI paNiso kyoM phalati anAra / niti prati cita AtmA kareM nama kI bhAsa; tinako kavi sundara kahai mukati purI hoI vAsa"

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saMkSipta itihAsa kavi ne bar3e sundara aura sarala rIti se lokoktiyoM kA samAveza isa racanA meM kiyA hai / dekhiye, kavi ne isameM adhyAtmajJAna kA mahatva kisa khUbI se darzAyA hai / unakA eka pada bhI dekhiye "jIyA mere chodi viSaya rasa jyoM sukha pAve / maya hI vikAra taji jiNa guNa gAvai // Teka // gharI gharI pala pala jiNa guNa gAvai / tAne catura gati bahuri na bhAvai // re chAMdi // 1 // jo nara nija Atamu cita lAvai / sundara kahata acala pada pAvai // re chAMdi // 2 // ". jainadharmagata vItarAga-vijJAna kI rakSA karake kavi ne kyA manohara bhaktirasa chalakAyA hai| yaha guTakA bha0 guNacandra bAgar3adezIya ne apane eka ziSya ke paThanArtha diyA thaa| ___ bha0 sumatikIrtijI mUlasaMgha ke bha0 vidyAnaMdi kI AmnAya meM hue the| bha0 mallibhUSaNa ke paTTadhara zrI lakSmIcaMdrajI bha0 sumatikIrti ke dIkSAguru ye aura bhI boracaMda se unhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| usa padake AcArya zAnabhUSaNa aura prabhAcaMdra ko vaha gururAya kahate haiN| mahuA nAmaka nagara meM jaba bha0 sumatikIrti the taba unhoMne 'dharmaparIkSArAsa' likhanA prAraMbha kiyA thA aura hAMsoTanayari meM saM0 1625 meM samApta kiyA thaa| racanA isa prakAra hai "caMdraprama svAmIya namIya, bhAratI bhuvanA dhAratI / mUlasaMgha mahIyala mahita, balAtkAra guNasArato // 1 // parita ho prasyAM paNu, vaNAya gani bIradAsa / hAsoTanabari pUraNa nyo, dharma-parIkSA-rAma /

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[hindI baina sAhitya kA saMvata sola paMcavIma meM, mAgasira sudi bIjavAra / rAsa samojhalIyAM maNe, pUrNa havevi sAra // " kavi chItara mojAvAdanivAsI the / jahA~ mAnarAjA kA rAjya thA, vahA~ rahakara saM0 1660 meM kavi ne 'holI kI kathA' ligvI thii| racanA sAdhAraNa hai-- "vaMdI AdinAtha jagasAra, jA prasAda pAuM bhavapAra / vaImAna kI seva karI, jyoM saMsAra bahuri nahIM phirauM // 1 // viNa dIpana zIbha AvAza, viNa rAjA hoi senA prAza / jai jo kaMta viNA hai nAri, sva icchA hIDai saMsAra // 20 // x zohai mojAvAna nivAza, pajai manakI sagalI Aza / zobhe rAya mAna ko rAja, jiha baMdhI pUrava laga pAja // 16 // chItara bolyo yinanI kara, hoyA mohi jiNavANI dharai / paMDita Agai joDe hAtha, bhUlyoM ho to pamijyau nAtha // 18 // " kavi viSNu ujjaina ke nivAsI the| unhoMne saM0 1666 meM 'paMcamIvratakathA' racI thI, jiptameM bhaviSyadatta kA caritra saMkSepa meM likhA hai / racanA sAdhAraNa hai| udAharaNa dekhiye-- "prathama navati vaMdI jinadeva, tAke caranani pranaU seSa / auha gautamu ganarAga manAi, muni sArada ke lAgauM pAi // 1 // purI ujanI kapini ko dAma, visnu tahAM kari razI nivAsu / mana vaca krama sanI manu koi, vadhyA sunai putraphala hoI // "

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saMcita itihAsa ] 111 bhAnukIrti muni ne saM0 1678 meM 'ravivratakathA' racI thI / isakI eka prati seTha kA kUMcA dillI ke maMdira ke bhaMDAra meM -maujUda hai / tribhuvanakIrti bhaTTAraka kA saM0 1676 kA racA huA 'jIvaMdhara- rAsa' nAmaka graMtha paMcAyatI maMdira dillI ke bhaMDAra meM milatA hai / guNasAgara ( zve 0 ) racita ' DhAlasAgara' ( harivaMzapurANa saM0 1676 ) bhI ukta maMdira meM hai / ( anekAnta, varSa 4 pR0 563-565 ) pAMDe hemarAjajI kA samaya satrahavIM zatAbdi kA caturtha pAda aura aThAravIM kA prathama pAda hai / vaha paM0 rUpacandajI ke ziSya the| unakI tIna kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM- (1) pravacanasAraTIkA, (2) paMcAstikAyaTIkA, aura (3) bhASA bhaktAmara / pravacanasAraTIkA saM0 1709 aura paMcAntikAyaTIkA usake bhI bAda meM gadya meM racI gaI hai| 'bhASA bhaktAmara ' zrI mAnatuMgAcArya ke suprasiddha - stotra kA hindI padyAnuvAda hai / udAharaNa dekhiye - "pralaya pavana kari uThI Agi jo tAma paraMtara / vamaiM phuliMga zikhA utaMga para jalai niraMtara // jagata samasta nigala bhasma karahegI mAno / tar3atar3A dava anala, jora cahu~dizA uThAno // so ika chinameM upazamai, nAma-nIra tuma lekha / hoi sarovara parinameM, vikasita kamala sameta // 41 // " pAMDe hemarAjajI ne 'gommaTasAra' aura 'nayacakra' kI vaca nikA bhI saM0 1724 meM racakara samApta kI thii| unakI eka racanA 'sitapaTa 'caurAsI bola' nAmaka bhI hai / ( ardhaka0 bhU0 pR0 20 )

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132 [hindI maina sAhitya kA hIrAnanda mukIma osavAla jaina aura suprasiddha jagataseTha ke vaMzaja the| vi0 saM0 1661 meM unhoMne 'sammedazikharajI' kI yAtrA ke lie saMgha nikAlA thaa| vaha zAhajAdA salIma ke kRpApAtra aura khAsa jauharI the| salIma ke bAdazAha hone para unhoMne vi0 saM0 1667 meM unako apane ghara AmaMtrita kiyA thA aura najarAnA diyA thA / isakA varNana eka ajJAta kavi ne AlaMkArika bhASA meM isa prakAra kiyA hai"cuni cuni cokhI cunI, parama purAne panA, kundanakoM dene kari lAe dhana tAva ke| lAla lAla lAla lAge kutaba badasvazAM, vividha varana bane bahuta banAva ke / rUpa ke anUpa bhAche abalaka Abharana, dekhe na sune na koU aise rAja rAva ke| bAvana mataMga mAte naMdanU ucita (?) kIne, jarIsetI jari dIne aMkusa jar3Ava ke // " 'mizrabandhuvinoda' meM se satrahavIM zatAbdi ke nIce likhe hue jaina kaviyoM kA ullekha premIjI ne kiyA hai:___udayarAja jatI-bIkAneranareza rAyasiMha ke Azrita the| inhoMne saM0 1660 meM rAjanIti sambandhI kucha dohe race the| vidyAkamalajI ne saMvat 1669 ke pUrva sarasvatI kA stavana 'bhagavatIgItA' nAma se racA thaa| muni lAvaNya ne 'rAvaNamandodarIsaMvAda' saM0 1669 ke pahale banAyA thaa| guNasUri ne saM0 1676 meM "DholAsAgara" banAyA thaa|

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 133 lUNasAgara ne saM0 1689 meM 'aMjanAsundarIsaMvAda' nAmaka grantha racA thaa| (hiM. jai0 sA0 iti0 pR0 53) harSakIrtijI ne saM0 1683 meM 'paMcagatibela' nAmaka racanA racI thI, jisakI eka prati zrI paMcAyatI maMdira bhaMDAra dillI meM hai / udAharaNa ke chanda par3hiye, jinheM bhAI pannAlAlajI agravAla dillI ne likha bhejane kI kRpA kI hai "riSabha jinemura Adikari, varddhamAna jina aMti / namasakAra kari sarasvatI, varaNara belI bhaMti // 1 // mithyA moha pramAda, mada, iMdrI viSaya kaSAya / joga asaMjama smoM mare, jIva nigodahi jAi // 2 // ika maiM ika siddha anantA, mila jyoti rahA guNavaMtA / jaMhi janama jarA nahiM dIma, suSakAla ananta garmAmai // subha saMvata moli nivAsa, navamI nitha mAvaNa mAse / bhavaloka saMbodhana kAje, kaviharaSakIrati gunagAje // " tribhuvanakIrtijI kAThAsaMgha meM naMdItaTagaccha aura rAmasenAnvaya se sambandhita the| unake guru kA nAma somakIrti thA / jima samaya vaha kalpavallI nAmaka sthAna meM saM0 1676 meM the, usa samaya unhoMne 'jIvaMdhararAsa' kI racanA kI thii| inakI bhASA meM kucha gujarAtI zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| saMbhava hai, vaha gujarAta ke rahanevAle hoM / udAharaNa dekhiye "zrI jIvaMdhara muni napa karI, puhula zivapura DhAma / tribhuvanakariti ima vInI deyo nahA guNagrAma // " guNasAgara sUri zrI vijayapati gaccha ke zvetAmbara vidvAna the| unake guru kA nAma padmasAgara thaa| unhoMne saM0 1672. meM

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134 [hindI baina sAhitya kA 'ThAsAgara' nAmaka graMtha racA thA, jisameM harivaMza kI utpatti aura yAdavoM kA varNana hai| bhASA meM gujarAtIpana hai| namUnA isa prakAra hai "zrI jina Adi jinezvarU, Adi naNI karatAra / yugalAdharma nivAraNo, baratAvaNa vivahAra // 1 // mAMti zakala muradAyakU, sAMni karaNa saMsAra / Arati mumba dukha ApadA, mAra nivAraNa hAra // 2 // harIvaMma gAyo sujama pAyo, gyAna vRddha prkaasno| pApa pATho gayo nATho, punya Ayo Apano // kaNa putra kalA kamalA, par3hata muNata muhAMmaNI / pUjya zrI guNa sUra japa, saMgha raMga badhAvaNI // " muni kalyANakIrti kI eka racanA saM0 1639 ke lipibaddha guTakA meM surakSita hai, jisameM zRGgAra rasa kI puTa vairAgya ke sAtha khUba phaba rahI hai "AmAda Agama pIya samAgama maNyo hai mamyi Aja / mohi baDhata aga anaMga raMga taraMga caMga samAja // dama dimA bAdala. sajala. sAre Unaye jalasAja / mudita dAdara mora kokila karata megha avAja // pa. manamohana, kayaNa mayANa pakarata avadhicaya / ajahu na Ae jI // // antima paga bhI padiyete kaI jadurAja bhAvaMta kusala mA~ ekabera / tI sakhI saba mila dhera rAkheM race koI eka pheri /

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 235 kahata muni kalyANakIrati karahu jiNi avasera / sukha dukha TAryo Tarata nAhIM aTala jyo giri mera // 8 // ai manamohana." . RpirAyakRta 'sudarzanacaritra' (zve0) paMcAyatI maMdira dillI meM hai| panakriyArAsa ajJAtakavikRta (saM0 1684 ) bhI uparyukta maMdira meM hai| ikosaThANA nAmaka prAcIna hindI kI racanA saM0 1683 kI lipibaddha bhI uparyukta mandira meM hai| * somakIrtijI ne saM0 1600 meM 'yazodhararAsa' racA thA, jisakI eka prati zrI paMcAyatI maMdira dillI meM virAjamAna hai| paM0 pRthvIpAla agravAla pAnIpata ke nivAsI the| unhoMne maM0 1692 meM 'zrutapaMcamIrAsa' kI racanA kI thI, jo uparyukta maMdirajI meM hai| paM. vIradAsajI bha0 harSakIrti ke ziSya the / unhoMne saM0 1696 meM 'sIkhapacIsI' banAI thii| isakI eka prati uparyukta maMdira meM hai| ___ gadya-isa kAla meM gadya-sAhitya kA sirajana bhI hone lagA thA, yadyapi sAhitya-pragati kA mukhya mAdhyama para hI thaa| isa kAla kI gadya meM likhI huI kevala eka hI bar3I kRti hamAre jJAna meM AI hai| vaha hai 72 patroM meM likhA huA zrI zAhamahArAja putra rAyarachakRta 'pradyumnacarita' nAmaka grantha / isakI eka prAcIna prati saM0 1698 kI likhI huI zrI jaina mandira seTha kA pha~cA * anekAnta, varSa 4, pR. 561-566

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136 [hindI vaina sAhitya kA dillI ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| kavivara banArasIdAsajI ne bhI kucha gaDa likhA thA, usakA namUnA dekhiye "atha paramArthacanikA likhyate / eka jIvadramya nAke anaMta guNa anaMta paryAya / eka eka guNa ke asaMkhyAta pradeza, eka eka pradezani virSa ananta karmavargaNA, eka eka karmavagaNA viNe ananta ananta pudgala paramANu, eka eka pudgala paramANu ananta guNa ananta paryAya sahita virAjamAna / yaha eka saMmAgavasthita jIva piMDa kI avasthA / " zrI bar3A jainamaMdira mainapurI ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM saM0 1605 kA viduSI-rama talho ke lie likhA huA eka guTakA hai| umameM 'samyaktva ke dasa bheda' hindI gadya meM likhe hue haiN| udAharaNa dekhiye "vItarAga kI AjJAmAtra ruci hoi nAnyathAvAdino jina / evaM AjJA madhyAvaM jJAtavyaM // 1 // mArga samyakva kiM / mokSa kara mAgu ravanaya yanidhamma maNikari ruci upji| tahA mAgasamyaktra kahijai // 2 // upadeza samyaktva kiM / presaThimalAkA puruSAni kaTha caritra muNikari ruci upajai tahA upadesa samyakta kahijAi // 3 // " isa prakAra hindI meM utkRSTa gadya ke nirmANa kA zrIgaNeza ima kAla meM ho gayA thA / nissandeha isa kAla ko hindI jaina sAhitya ke 'pUrvayuga' meM 'svarNa-kAla' kahanA caahiye| isameM na kevala utkRSTa gaya ke prAraMbhika darzana hote haiM, pratyuta jaina sAhitya ke sarvotkRSTa hindI kavi-gaNa isI kAla meM hue| isa kAla ke jaina kaviyoM kI racanAyeM mukhyataH AdhyAtmika vedAnta ko lakSya karake likhI gaI haiN| usa samaya AdhyAtmika-zailI kI sAhityaracanA

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saMvita itihAsa sAmayika mAhityapragati ke sarvathA anukUla thii| samrATa akabara ne isa dhArmika AdhyAtmikatA ko protsAhana diyA thaa| unake darabAra meM brAhmaNa, jainI, IsAI, muslima-sabhI dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ko nimaMtrita kiyA jAtA thA aura unase dhArmika carcA kI jAtI thii| jaina sAdhuoM ke caritra aura jJAna kA prabhAva akabara para aisA par3A thA ki usa samaya ke kucha logoM ne yaha likha diyA ki samrAT jaina siddhAntoM ko mAnate haiM / alabattA jainiyoM ke ahiMsAsiddhAnta kA prabhAva akabara para khUba par3A thaa| unake 'dInailAhI' nAmaka mata kI AdhArabhitti AdhyAtmikatA hI thii| ataH isa kAla kI sAhityika pragati kA adhyAtma-bhAvanA se anuprANita honA svAbhAvika thaa| isa dRSTi se jaina kaviyoM kI tatkAlIna racanAoM ko sAmpradAyikatA kI mudrA se aGkita karake achUtA nahIM chor3A jA sktaa| unakI AdhyAtmikatA rASTra ke lie mupAThya aura mAnasika svAsthyavarddhaka adhyayana kI vastu thii| usakA nirmANa vItarAga vijJAna aura ahiMsAtattva ke AdhAra se huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Age calakara usameM vikAra utpanna nahIM huaa| sUphI aura santa kaviyoM kI alaMkRta AdhyAtmikatA aura niSkAma prema sAhitya kI sundara racanAyeM thIM; parantu Age calakara unameM vikAra lAyA gayA / va kutsita prema kI kAmuka lIlAoM ko pradarzita karane kI cIz2a bana gii| yaha bAta hindI jaina sAhitya meM nahIM ho paaii| isa mamaya ke hindI jaina sAhitya meM hameM Age Ane vAlI khar3I bolI ke bIja bhI dikhAI par3ate haiN| hindI pA hI nahIM, gaya bhI isa samaya aisA racA gayA jo kramazaH vimita hokara hindI ke gadya-nirmANa meM pathapradarzaka kahA jA sakatA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsajI kA 'arddhakathAnaka caritra to usa samaya kI khar3I bolI meM hI racA gayA / vaha bolI zAhI chAvanI yA lazkara ke

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138 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA DhogoM meM bolI jAne vAlI hindI ke atirikta koI dUsarI cIja nahIM thI / jisa taraha Ajakala hama jise 'chAvanI bAjAra' kahate haiM usa samaya vahI 'urdU bAjAra' kahalAtA thA / urdU zabda chAvanI kA dyotaka thA aura 'urdU hindI' chAvanI kI hindI thii| hindI kavi usase prabhAvita hue the aura usa bolI ke bahuta se muhAvaroM aura zabdoM kA prayoga bhI karane lage the| kavivara banArasIdAsajI ke 'arddhakathAnaka' meM aise prayoga aura phArasI zabda aneka milate haiM, yaha pAThaka Age pddh'eNge| yahI nahIM, kavivara kI kisI kisI racanA ko nirI khar3I bolI kI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai / udAharaNasvarUpa yaha racanA dekhiye "kevalI kathita veda antara gupta huye, jinake zabda meM amRta rasa cuA hai / aba Ageda yajurveda nAma athavaNa, inhIM kA prabhAva jagata meM huA hai // kahate banArasI tathApi maiM kahU~gA kucha. sahI samajheMge jinakA mithyAta muA hai / matavAlA mUramba na mAnai upadeza jaise, ulUka na jAne kina ora bhAnu uvA hai |" isa padya meM kAle akSaroM meM chape hue zabdoM ko kevala badala diyA hai| unake sthAna para unake vikRta rUpa jaise guphta, bhaye, zabda, cuvA, parabhAva, matavAro, huSA, mubA Adi the| inase racanA meM koI antara nahIM par3atA aura usakA rUpa khar3I bolI kA ho jAtA hai| ataH yaha kahanA cAhiye ki khar3I bolI kI padyaracanA kA zrI gaNeza bhI isa kAla meM ho gayA thA, jisakA pUrNa vikAsa bIsavIM zatAbdi meM jAkara huA thaa| ye haiM isa kAla kI vizeSatAeM /

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parivartanakAla ( aThArahavIM se unnIsavIM zatAbdi taka ) madhyakAla meM hindI-jaina-sAhitya-gagana meM kavivara banArasI. dAsajI aura kavi rAjacandra sahaza sUrya aura zazi camake the, jinhoMne hindI-sAhitya-saMsAra ko vaha anUThI kRtiyA~ pradAna kI jo loka-sAhitya meM advitIya haiM / madhyakAla meM 'samayasAra nATaka' 'adhyAtmagIta' Adi tAttvika aura AdhyAtmika racanAoM ke sAtha sAtha caritrAtmaka racanAyeM bhI sirajI gaI, jinase janatA kA manoraMjana aura upakAra huaa| kintu satrahavIM zatAbdi ke uparAMta hara hindI-jaina sAhitya-jagana meM na kevala bhASAzailI kA parivartana hAtA pAte haiM, pratyuta sAhitya kI pragati ko anuraMjita karane meM mukhya kAraNa kavi-bhAvanA ko bhI badalatA huA pAte haiN| imalie hI hamane isa kAla kA nAmakaraNa 'parivartana-kAla' kiyA hai| isa kAla ke prArambha meM kavigaNa apabhraMza prAkRta mizrita bhApA ke sAtha sAtha brajabhASA athavA purAnI hindI meM racanA karate hue milate haiN| kintu samayAnusAra purAnI hindI ko hama badalanA huA pAte haiM ! musalamAnI gajadarabAra aura lazkara meM hindI apanAI gaI aura isakA prabhAva hindI para yaha huA ki umameM phArasI zabdoM kI mAtrA bar3ha gaI aura mukumAratA A gii| kavivara banArasIdAsajI kI kAvya-bhASA bhI isa prabhAva se rikta nahIM hai| balki kahanA cAhiye ki unhoMne hI myar3I bolI ke prayoga kA zrIgaNeza hindI-jaina-sAhitya meM kara diyA thaa| zrIyuna.

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14. [hindI jaina sAhitya kA paNDita nAthUrAmajI premI ne unakI bhASA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki "banArasIdAsajI ucca zreNI ke kavi the, unakI anya racanAyeM sAhityika bhASA meM hI hai, parantu apanI (isa) AtmakathA ko unhoMne binA ADambara kI sIdhI sAdI bhASA meM likhA hai. jise sarvasAdhAraNa mugamatA se samajha skeN| isa racanA se hameM isa bAta kA AbhAsa milatA hai ki usa samaya, aba se lagabhaga tIna mI varSa pahale, bolacAla kI bhASA, kisa DhaMga kI thI aura jise Ajakala khar3I bolI kahA jAtA hai, usakA prArambhika rUpa kyA thaa|...ismeN khar3I bolI ke prayoga vipulatA se pAye jAte haiN|" nIce likha uddharaNoM ko dekhiye bhAvI damA hoegI jathA, gyAnI jAne tisakI kathA / jaisA ghara vaisI nanha sAla / iA hAhAkAra / ehi vidhi rAya acAnaka mubhA, gA~u gA~u kolAhala huaa| tU mujha mitra samAna / cahala pahala huI nijadhAma / pakare pAha lobha ke lie| barasa eka jaba pUrA bhayA. taba banArasI dvAra gyaa| jaisA kAna taisA buna, jaisA bova naisA luna / Age aura na bhAr3A kiyaa| bhASI amiTa hamArA matA. isameM kyA gunAha kyA batA / kahI ju honA thA so huaa| azA yA prAramI, sajjana aura vicitra / 'ghara sauMdumA na bAhe judA / usa samaya uI-phArasI bhAdi ke zabda bolacAla meM kitane A

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saMkSipta itihAsa] gaye the, isakA patA bhI isa pustaka se lagatA hai| smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki kAle akSaroM meM upe hue zabda prayamapUrvaka nahIM lAye gaye haiN| jaise____phArakatI, dilAsA, kArakuna, muzkila, daradabanda, daraveza, rahI. zora, tahakIka, raphIka, ijAra, pharajanda, pezakazI, gazta, mazakkata, phAriga, sitAba, naphara, ahamaka, gunAha, khatA, khuzahAla, nakhAsA, kaula, heca, paijaar| (ardhaka. bhU. pR. 10-11) ___ kavivara banArasIdAsajI ke 'arddhakathAnaka' meM jisa khar3I bolI kA AbhAsa milatA hai, vahI unnIsavIM zatAbdi kIracanAoM meM adhika vikasita ho gaI aura bIsavIM zatAbdi meM usase hindImAhitya meM eka nayA yuga hI upasthita ho gyaa| parivartanakAla meM hue kavivara vRndAvanajI, kavi jhumakalAlajI prabhRti kaviyoM kI mAhityika bhASA hamAre isa kathana ko puSTa karatI hai| kavivara vRndAvanajI ke nimnalikhita chandoM ko kauna bar3I bolI ke chanda nahIM batAyegA "jainI vAnI amala bhacala hai, doSa kI nAzanI hai| hI mujhako parama dharma de, tasva kI bhApI hai|" "bhAmAgama padArthoM ke svAmI sarvajJa Apa ho / surendrakunda seveM hai, Apako isa loka meM // " "pramadA pravIna pratalIna pAvanI; dina zIla pAli kurIti rAkhinI / jaba mana sodhi mubhivAmadAginI; vaha dhanya nAri mRdurmmaapinii||"

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. 142 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA "he dInabandhu zrIpati karunA nidhAna jI / aba merI vyathA kyoM na haro vAra kyA lagI // " X X X X "aba mo para kyoM na kRpA karate, yaha kyA aMdhera z2amAnA hai / insApha karo mata dera karo, mukhavRnda bharo bhagavAnA hai / / " X x x X "isa vaka meM jinabhakako dukha vyaka satAvai / dekhake, karuNA nahIM AvaiM // " ai mAta tujhe X X X x jAna meM gunAha mujhase bana gayA sahI / kakarI ke cora ko kaTAra, mAriye nahIM // " "hameM ApakA hai bar3A AsarA, suno dIna ke bandhu dAtA varA / nRpAgAra gartAta taiM kAhiye, abhaidAna Ananda ko bAr3hiye || " khar3I bolI ke chandoM ke adhika udAharaNa upasthita karanA vyartha hai / kintu isa bhASA ke sAtha kavivara jI ne brajabhASA athavA purAnI hindI bhASA kA hI prayoga adhika kiyA hai / yahI bAta isa kAla ke kaI anya kaviyoM kI bhASA para bhI ghaTita hotI hai / isalie kAvya-bhASA kI dRSTi se isa samaya ko 'parivartanakAla kahanA upayukta hai / bhASA ke sAtha hI isa kAla kI kAvyadhArA meM bhAvAtmaka kallola bhI naI prAkRti meM dikhatI hai / madhyakAla meM AdhyAtmikatA kI bAr3ha AI thI aura isameM vizva prema - pUrvaka samatA dhArA bahI thI / jaina kaviyoM ne caritra granthoM meM AdhyAtmikatA ke atirikta AdarzavAda kA bhI citraNa kiyA thA, parantu unase usa bAsanAmayI bhakti kA sirajana nahIM huA jo hindI sAhitya ke

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saMcita itihAsa samavartI rItikAla meM pAyA jAtA hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki jaina-kavi bhI bhaktivAda se kucha-kucha prabhAvita hue / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kAla meM hameM aise padoM aura bhajana-gItoM kA bAhulya milatA hai jinameM bhaktirasa ko chalakAyA gayA hai| kintu usa bhaktirasa-pravAha meM yadyapi saMyama kA ullaMghana karake vAsanA ko protsAhana nahIM diyA gayA hai, to bhI usameM jaina Adarza ke bhakartRtvavAda se viSamatA A gaI hai| jaina kavigaNa rItikAla meM pravAhita dharma kI oTa meM vAsanA-pUrvaka kAvyadhArA ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhate rahe aura unhoMne aise kaviyoM ko saceta karane ke lie hI mAnoM kahA thA "rAga udai jaga aMdha bhayo, mahajai saba logana lAja gAI / mIna vinA nara sandhi rahe, vipanAdika sevana kI sugharAI // tApara aura raseM ramakAthya, kahA kahiye ninakI niThurAI / aMdha asUmana kI agviyAnameM, mokana haiM raja rAmaduhAI // " jainakAvya prAGgaNa kI yaha mamujvala nirmalatA aura pavitratA usake Aloka ko loka ke lie svAsthyakara aura viveka-yala-varddhaka siddha karatI AI hai| bhagavAna neminAtha aura satI gajula ke prasaMga ko lekara zRMgArarasa kI racanAyeM yadyapi jaina kaviyoM ne racI, parantu unameM bhI saMyamapUrNa-maryAdA kA hI puTa dekhana ko milatA hai| unakA uddezya bhI manuSya ko AtmajJAnI banAne kA thaa| __parivartanakAla meM jaina-kaviyoM ne kavitta aura savaiyA chandoM meM mukhya rUpa se racanAyeM racI thiiN| kavi bhUdharadAsa jI ke kavitta aura savaiyA suprasiddha haiN| sAtha hI dohA chanda ko bhI isa kAla meM mAnyatA prApta huI thii| 'budhajana' Adi kaviyoM ke dohe unle

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144 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA khanIya haiN| alakAra aura chandazAstra bhI isa kAla meM race gye| saMskRta sAhitya ke nATakoM kA bhI anuvAda karake nATaka-pranthoM ke abhAva kI pUrti bhI kI gii| isa kAla meM gA-sAhitya kI bhASA parimArjita, sundara aura sukumAra banA dI gaI thii| balki yaha kahanA cAhiye ki isa kAla ke jaina-gama ne vaha sudharA huA susaMskRta rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thA ki jisase Age calakara navIna yuga meM khar3I bolI ke gadya-sAhitya kA prAdurbhAva huA / gadya-sAhitya ke namUne pAThakagaNa Age pddh'eNge| jaina kaviyoM meM eka nyUnatA avazya khaTakatI hai aura vaha yaha ki ve AdhyAtmikatA aura dhArmikatA meM aise bahe haiM ki una rasoM meM unhoMne bAr3ha lA dI hai-saMyama kI aura mAnava-jIvana ke parama uddezya paramAtmatva ko pAne kI bhAva-dRSTi se unakA yaha prayAsa nissandeha prazaMsanIya hai| kintu unheM mAnava-jIvana ke dUsare pahaluoM ko bhulAnA nahIM thA / saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA kA jaina-sAhitya dekhiye-vaha mAnavopayogI saba hI viSayoM kI racanAmoM se paripUrNa hai / kintu hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne apane hindI. sAhitya ko sarvAGgapUrNa banAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA / phira bhI yaha saMtoSa kI bAta hai ki jIvanayuga ke jaina kaviyoM aura sAhityakAroM ne isa nyUnatA kI bhI pUrti kara dI hai| parivartanakAla ke prArambha meM hindI-jaina-sAhitya ke sarvazreSTha kavirUpa meM hama kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa jI ko hI pAte haiN| baha usa samaya avatare jaba hindI sAhitya meM kavijana zRMgArarasa kI kutsita dhArA meM ekaTaka bahe jA rahe the aura vilAsa kI madirA pilAkara janatA ko mArgaTa kara rahe the| zrIkRSNa aura

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saMkSita itihAsa]. rAdhikA rAnI ke pavitra bhaktimArga kA Azraya lekara bhaktakaSi apanI manamAnI vAsanAmaya kalpanAoM ko uddIpta kara rahe the| kintu AgarA kI jaina-kavizailI samaya kI isa kutsita sAhityadhArA ko nirmala banAne para hI tulI huI thii| hama dekha cuke haiM ki kavivara banArasIdAsa jI ne kisa prakAra 'navarasa' kRti ko jo kutsita prema aura zRMgAra rasa se ota-prota thI gomatI kI dhArA meM jala-samAdhi dekara krAnti kA paricaya diyA thaa| kavivara bhagavatIdAsa jI ke samaya meM rItikAlIna Adikavi kezavadAsa vidyamAna the| kezava zRMgAra rasa ke mugdha-bhramara the| zRMgAra ko vaha apane mana se bur3hApe meM bhI nahIM nikAla sake, Atmahita kI bhAvanA unake hRdaya meM usa vRddhAvasthA meM bhI jAgRta nahIM huii| unakA tana bUDhA huA, para mana bUr3hA nahIM huaa| tabhI to unhoMne kahA thA "kezava kezani ami karI, jaisI ari na karAya / candravadana mRgalocanI, bAyA kahi muri jAya // " ise azlIlatA na kaheM to aura kyA kaheM ? kezava kI 'rasikapriyA' ko par3hakara kavivara bhagavatIdAsa jI ne jo udgAra prakaTa kiye haiM; vaha unake hRdaya kI pavitratA aura saMyama bhAvanA ke yotaka to haiM hI, api tu unase yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki kavivara ke hRdaya meM lokahita-kAmanA kitanI gaharI paiThI huI thii| unhoMne kahA thA"badI nIti laghunAti karata hai, vAya sarata badabAya bharI / phodA Adi phunagunI maMrita, sakala deha manu roga darI / / 10

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146 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA zoNita hAda mAMsamaya mUrata, tApara rIjhata gharI gharI / aisI nAri nirakha kara kezava, 'rasika-priyA' tuma kahA karI ?" - kavivara kI kavitA meM kitanI satyatA thii| vaha nArI kI nindA nahIM karate; balki zRMgArI kavi ko usakI galatI sujhAte haiM aura tatkAlIna kutsita sAhitya ke pravAha ke virodha meM AvAz2a U~cI uThAte haiN| nArI ke vyaktitva kI rakSA karate haiM, kyoMki vaha nArI ko pavitratA aura mahattA kA pratIka mAnate haiN| mahApuruSoM kA janma nArI kI kokha se hI to hotA hai| vaha use kevala vilAsa kI vastu kaise mAnate ? aura kaise zRMgArI kaviyoM kI 'lapaTAne raheM paTa tAne raheM' kI kutsita durbhAvanA ko panapane dete| bhagavatIdAsa jI ke hI anurUpa vedAntI kavi sundaradAsa jI ne bhI 'rasika-priyA' kI nindA kI thii| sArAMzataH kavivara bhagavatIdAsa jI ne kavitA 'svAntaH sukhAya' athavA vilAsitA yA kisI ko prasanna karane ke liye nahIM racI thIM, balki lokopakAra ke liye-loka ko amaratva aura devatva kA sandeza sunAne ke liye racI thii| bhagavatIdAsajI Agare ke rahanevAle the| vaha osavAla jainI kaTAriyA gotra ke the| unake pitA lAlajI the aura dazaratha sAhu unake pitAmaha the / kheda hai unake jIvana ke viSaya meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hai / yaha bhI nahIM mAlUma ki unakA janma kaba huA thA aura vaha kaba svargavAsI hue the| unakI racanAoM meM saMvata 1731 se 1755 taka kA ullekha milatA hai| vi0 saM0 1711 meM jaba paM0 hIrAnandajI ne 'paMcAstikAya' kA anuvAda kiyA taba Agare meM eka bhagavatIdAsa nAma ke vidvAn maujUda the| sambhavataH vaha

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sahita itihAsa] bhagavatIdAsa yahI hamAre kavivara the| inhoMne kavitA meM apanA ullekha 'bhaiyA'-'bhavika' aura 'dAsakizora' upanAmoM se kiyA hai| "brahmavilAsa' nAma ke grantha meM unakI tamAma racanAoM kA saMgraha "prakAzita kiyA jA cukA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 67 hai| unakI koI. koI racanA to eka svatantra grantha ke samAna hai| ___ kavivara bhagavatIdAsajI bhI banArasIdAsajI ke samAna eka pratibhAzAlI AdhyAtmika kavi the| kAvya kI saba hI rItiyoM aura zabdAlaMkAra arthAlaGkAra Adi se paricita the| zrImUlacaMdajI 'vatsala' ne ApakI kavitA ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki "ApakI kavitA alaMkAra aura prasAda guNa se pUrNa hai| janatA kI ruci aura saralatA kA Apane kAvya meM pUrNa dhyAna rakkhA hai| bhASA praur3ha aura zabda-koSa se bharI huI hai| urdU aura gujarAtI ke zabdoM kA Apane kahIM-kahIM bahuta hI sundara prayoga kiyA hai| saralatA bhApakI kavitA kA jIvana hai aura thor3e zabdoM meM artha kA bhaNDAra bhara den| yaha Apake kAvya kI khUbI hai| sarasatA aura sundaratA ke sAtha AtmajJAna kA Apane itanA manohara sambandha jor3A hai ki vaha mAnavoM ke hRdayoM ko apanI ora AkarSita kie binA nahIM rhtaa|" (prAcIna hindI jaina kavi, pR0 137) kavivara hindI aura saMskRta ke prakANDa paNDita hone ke sAtha hI phArasI, gujarAtI, mAravAr3I, baMgalA Adi bhASAoM para bhI acchA adhikAra rakhate the| kucha kavitAe~ to Apane nirI gujarAtI aura phArasI bhASA meM racI haiN| kavitA se unheM hArdika prema thaa| vaha usameM tallIna ho jAte the| kucha udAharaNa dekhiye, anuprAsa aura yamaka kI jhaMkAra suniye

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148 hindI baina sAhitya kA "suni re sayAne nara kahA karai 'ghara ghara' mero jo sarIra ghara gharI jyau~ taratu hai| china china chIjai Aya jala jaisaiM gharI jAya, tAhU ko ilAja kachU uraha dharatu hai // Adi je sahe haiM te tau yAdi kachu tAhiM tohi, Agai kahA~ vahA gati kAhe ucharatu hai| gharI eka dekho khyAla gharI kI kahA~ hai cAla, gharI dharI dhariyAla zora yoM kastu hai // " aura bhI suniye"lAI hauM lAlana bAla amolaka, dekhahu to tuma, kaisI banI hai| aisI kahU~ tihU~ loka maiM sundara, aura na nAri aneka dhanI hai // yAhI te tohi kahU~ nita cetana, yAhu kI prIti jo tosauM sanI hai| terI au rAdhekI rIjha anaMta, so mopai kahU~ yaha jAta ganI hai // " kavivara ne zraddhAnI samyagdRSTi kI prazaMsA kitane manohara DhaMga se kI, isakA bhI rasAsvAdana kIjiye"svarUpa rikSavAre se, suguNa matavAre se, sudhA ke sudhAre se, suprANi dayAvaMta haiN| subuddhi ke athAha se, sudUri pAtazAha se, sumana ke sanAha se, mahA bar3e mahanta haiM / sudhyAna ke dharaiyA se, sujJAna ke karaiyA se, suprANa parakhaiyA se, zakato ananta haiN| sabai saMgha nAyaka se, sabai bola lAyaka se, sabai sukha dAyaka se, samyaka le santa haiN|" kintu duniyA meM aise santa birale haiM duniyA to rAsaraMga meM pagalI ho rahI hai, yaha bhI kavivara kI vANI meM par3hiye

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 144 "kou to kareM kilola bhAminI soM romi rIkSi, vAhI soM saneha karai khAma raMga aMga meN| kou to lahai ananda lakSa koTi jori jori, lakSa lakSa mAna karai lacchi kI taraMga meM // kou mahAzUravIra koTika gumAna karai, mo samAna dUsaro na dekho koU jaMga meN| kahaiM kahA "bhaiyA" kachu kahibe kI bAta nAhiM, saba jaga dekhiyatu rAga rasa raMga meM // " saMsAra meM matavAda kA pakSapAta kitanI bhayaGkaratA phailA rahA hai kavivara usakA nirasana karake niSpakSa nirmada dRSTi kA kisa saphalatA ke sAtha citraNa karate haiM "eka matavAle kaheM anya matavAre saba, mere matavAre para vAre mata sAre haiN| eka paMca-tattva-vAre eka eka tatva vAre, eka bhrama mata vAre eka eka nyAre haiN| jaise matavAre baka taise matavAre kaiM, tAsauM matavAre taka binA mata vAre haiN| sAnti rasa vAre kahaiM mata ko nivAre rahaiM, teI prAna pyAre raheM aura saba vAre haiN|" 'cetana karma caritra' meM vIra-rasa kI zakti-dhArA kavivara ne bahAI hai-usameM vahA~ hI gote lgaaiye| kevala eka chanda yahA~ par3hiye "vanahiM raNa sUre, dalabala pUre, cetana guNa gAvaMta / sUrA tana jaggo, koU na bhaggo, ari dala pai dhAvaMta // "

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[hindI baina sAhitya kA paradezI ke eka pada kI madhurimA bhI cakhiye"kahA paradezI ko ptiyaaro| mata mAne taba calai paMtha ko, sA~sa ginai na skaaro| sabai kuTumba chA~da itahI puni, tyAga calai tana pyAro // dUra dizAvara calata ApahI, kou na rokana haaro| koU prIti karo kina koTika, aMta hoyago nyAro // dhana sau rAci dharama sau bhUlata, mulata moha mNjhaaro| ihi vidhi kAla ananta gamAyo, pAyo nahiM bhava pAro // sA~ce mukhasoM vimukha hotaho, bhrama madirA mtvaaro| cetahu ceta sunahu re bhaiyA, ApahI Apa sNbhaaro||" kavivara kI eka se adhika sundara racanAyeM dohA chanda meM bhI haiN| namUnA dekhiye "zayana karata hai rayana meM, koThIdhuja aru rNk| sapane meM dou eka se, barateM sadA nizaMka // hai hai locana saba dharai, maNi nahiM mola karAhiM / samyakadRSTI jauharI, virale iha jaga mAhiM // " eka urdU kI kavitA bhI dekhiye "nAhaka birAne tAI apanA kara mAnatA hai , jAnatA tU hai ki nAhIM aMta mujhe maranA hai| ketaka jIvane para aise phela karatA hai| supane se sukha meM terA pUrA paranA hai| paMja se ganIma terI umara ke sAtha lage , tinoMko pharaka kiye kAma terA saranA hai| pAka beaiba sAhiba dila bIca basatA hai, sisako pahicAna the tujhe jo taranA hai|"

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saMkSipta itihAsa] isa bhASA ko hindI kaheM to bejA kyA hai ? 'bhaiyA' jI kI anya kavitAyeM bhI sarasa sundara haiN| pAThaka 'brahmavilAsa' par3heM aura Ananda leN| ___ Anandaghana jI zvetAmbara sampradAya meM eka prasiddha mahAtmA ho gaye haiN| vaha upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke samakAlIna the, isase adhika unake viSaya meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotaa| hindI meM unakI 'AnaMdaghanabahattarI' nAmaka kavitA upalabdha hai, jo 'rAyacandra kAvyamAlA' meM chapa cukI hai| usase spaSTa hai ki AnaMdaghanajI eka pahu~ce hue mahAtmA aura AdhyAtmika kavi the / unakI kAvyaracanA kabIra aura sundaradAsa ke DhaMga kI hai aura marmasparzinI hai| usameM unhoMne samatArasa ko khUba chalakAyA hai "jaga AzA jaMjIra kI, gati ulaTI kachu aura / jakanyau dhAvata jagata maiM, rahai puTau ika Thaura // Atama anubhava phUlakI, koU navelI rIta / nAka na pakarai vAsanA, kAna gahaiM na pratIta // " 'gaga sAraMga' meM eka adhyAtma pada gIta bhI par3hiye"mere ghaTa jJAna bhAma bhayau bhora, cetana cakavA cetana cakI, bhAgI viraha ko sora // 1 // phailI cahu~ dizi catura bhAva ruci, mivyau bharama-tama-jora / ApakI corI Apa hI jAnata, aura kahata na cora // 2 // amala kamala vikasita bhaye bhUtala, maMda viSaya zazi kora / 'AnaMda dhana' ika vallabha lAgata, aura na lAkha kirora // 3 // " * hi* je. sA. i0, pR. 61-63 /

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152 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA yazovijayajI bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya ke suprasiddha vidvAn the| unakA janma saM0 1680 ke lagabhaga aura dehAnta saM0 1745 meM gujarAta ke DabhoI nagara meM huA thaa| ve nayavijayajI ke ziSya the| saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI aura hindI bhASAoM meM unhoMne kavitA kI thii| unhoMne saMskRta meM lagabhaga 500 graMtha race the| nyAya, adhyAtma Adi aneka viSayoM para unakA adhikAra thaa| yadyapi vaha gujarAtI the, para vidyAbhyAsa ke silasile meM kaI varSa taka kAzI meM rahe the| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha sundara hindI raca sake the| unake 75 padoM kA saMgraha 'jasavilAsa' nAma se prakAzita huA thaa| kavitA meM AdhyAtmika bhAvoM kI vizeSatA hai| unake eka pada kA rasa lIjiye "hama magana bhaye prabhu dhyAna meM / bisara gaI duvidhA tana mana kI, acirA-suta-gunagAna meM // hm0||1|| hari-hara-brahma-puraMdara kI ridhi, Avata nahiM kou mAna meM / cidAnaMda kI mauja macI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meM // hama0 // 2 // itane dina tU nAhiM pichAnyo, janma gaMvAyau ajAna meN| aba to adhikArI hai baiThe, prabhuguna akhaya khajAna meM // 3 // gaI dInatA sabhI hamArI, prabhu tujha samakita dAna meM , prabhuguna anubhava ke rasa Age, Avata nahiM kou dhyAna meM // 4 // jinahI pAyA tinAha chipAyA, na kahai koU kAna meM / tAlI lagI jabahi anubhava kI, taba jAnai kou zAna meM // 5 // prabhuguna anubhava candrahAsa jyauM, so to na rahai myAna meN| campaka 'jasa' kahai moha mahA hari, jIta liyo maidAna meM // 6 // " *hi. jai0 sA0 i0, pRSTha 63 /

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cisa itihAsa] yazovijayajI ne 'sitapaTa caurAsI bola' ke uttara meM 'digpaTa caurAsI bola' bhI racA thA, jo sAmpradAyikatA se ota-prota hai| vinayavijayajI bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAn the aura yazovijayajI ke samaya meM hI hue the| vaha upAdhyAya kIrtivijayajI ke ziSya the aura saM0 1739 taka maujUda the| yazovijayajI ke sAtha yaha bhI vidyAdhyayana ke liye kAzI meM rahe the| isI kAraNa inako bhI hindI kI acchI yogyatA ho gaI thii| unake 37 padoM kA saMgraha 'vinayavilAsa' nAma se prakAzita huA thaa| inakI racanA acchI hai / eka pada dekhiye"ghorA jhUThA hai re tU mata bhUle asavArA / tohi mudhA ye lAgata pyArA, aMta hoyagA nyArA // gho0 // carai cIja aru Darai kaida sauM, UbaTa cale aTArA / jIna kasai taba soyA cAhai, khAne ko hoziyArA // 2 // khUba khajAnA kharaca khilAo, yo satra nyAmata cArA / asavArI kA avasara Avai, galiyAM hoya gavArA // 3 // chinu tAtA chinu pyAsA hovai, khijamata bahuta karAvanahArA / daura dUra jaMgala meM DAre, jharai dhanI vicArA // 4 // karahu caukar3A cAtura caukasa, gho cAbuka do cArA / isa ghore kI 'vinaya' sikhAvo, jyauM pAvo bhavapArA // 5 // " manoharalAlajI* ne saMvat 1705 meM 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka saMskRta grantha kA padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa| kavi ne apanA paricaya yoM likhA hai"kavitA manohara khaMDelavAla sonI jAti , mUlasaMdhI mUla jA kI sAMgAnera vAsa hai| hi. nai0 sA0 i0 pR. 64-67 /

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154 [ hindI caina sAhitya kA karma ke udaya taiM dhAnapura meM basana bhayau, saba sau milApa puni sajjanako dAsa hai // vyAkaraNa chaMda alaMkAra kachu paDhyau nAhiM, bhASA maiM nipuna tuccha buddhi ko prakAsa hai / bAI dAhinI kachU samajhe saMtoSa liye jinakI duhAI jArke, jinahI kI Asa hai // " premIjI ne kavi kI kavitA sAdhAraNa batAI hai, paraMtu likhA hai ki 'koI koI padya bahuta cubhatA huA hai / ' 'trilokadarpaNa' ke racayitA zrI kharagasenajI bhI aThArahavIM zatAbdi ke kavi the / vaha lAbhapura (lAhaura) nagara ke rahane vAle the| unake samaya meM lAhaura ke jainI zrAvakoM kI vicakSaNa zailI thii| kharagasena bhI unameM eka marmajJa the| unhoMne jinendra-bhakti se prerita hokara 'trilokadarpaNa' grantha kI racanA kI thI, jisameM unhoMne tIna loka kA varNana karate hue jina caityoM kA varNana kiyA hai| AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, harivaMzapurANa aura trilokasAra kA "ehI lAbhapura nagara meM, zrAvaka parama sujANa / saba mili ke caracA karai, jAko jo unamAna || SaDgasena tina maiM rahai, sabakI sevA lIna / jina vANI hiradai base, jJAna magana rasa cIna || " x x x " catura bhoja vairAgI jANa, nagara Agare tina bahutau kiyo upagAra, darava sarUpa sabataiM buddhi bar3I atisAra, solaha sau pAyoM marama hRdaya bhayo caina, agiNata jina X mA~hi pramANa / die bhaNDAra // 41|| pacAsiyA dhAra / guNa lAgyo laiba ||44 ||" - trilokadarpaNa 1

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saMkSipta itihAsa] adhyayana karake kavi ne svatantra rUpa meM isa grantha ko racA hai| lAhaura meM usa samaya paMDita rAi aura giridhara mizra guNavAn zAstravaktA the| zrotAoM meM paM0 hIrAnandajI, ratanapAlajI, anUparAyajI Adi ullekhanIya zrAvaka the| usa samaya Agare meM caturbhuja vairAgI eka ullekhanIya vidvAn the| vaha aksara lAhaura AyA karate the| saM0 1685 meM vaha lAhaura Aye to usa samaya kavi ne unase jaina-siddhAnta kA jJAna prApta kiyA aura usake pazcAt isa grantha kI racanA saM0 1713 meM kI; jisase unheM bahuta saMtoSa. huaa| vaha likhate haiM "sakala manoratha pUre bhaye, alapa rUpa hai jaiso thae / jaiso dama pAyau santoSa, taiso saba koI pAtrau moSa // 44 // saMvatsara vikrama teM Adi, satraha se teraha suSa svAda / caitra sukala paMcamI pramANa, yaha trilokadarpaNa supurANa // 45 // racyau buddhi anusAra pramANa, deSi grantha pAI vidhijANa / apaNo Ava saphala kara liyau, bodhabIja hRdaya meM kiyo // 46 // " yahI nahIM, kavi ise 'mukti svayaMvara kI jayamAla' batAte haiN| racanA sAdhAraNa hai; parantu paMjAba kI rAjadhAnI meM race jAne para bhI usakI bhASA meM paMjAbI bola-cAla kA kucha bhI prabhAva dikhAI nahIM detaa| ___ jodharAja godIkA sAMgAnera ke nivAsI the| 'dharmasarovara' prantha ke anta meM unhoMne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai "jodha kavIsura hoya, bAsI sAMgAnera ko| amaripUta jaga soya, baNikajAta jinavara bhagata // 373 // saMvata satraha se adhika, hai cauIsa sujAni / sudi pUnyau bhASAr3ha ko, kiyo graMtha supadAni // 385 // ".

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[hindI bena sAhitya kA ___ isa grantha meM unhoMne dharma tattva kA nirUpaNa vividha prakAra ke subhASita aura stutipUraka chaMdoM meM kiyA hai| racanA sAmAnyataH acchI hai / namUnA dekhiye "zItalanAtha bhajo paramezvara amRta mUrati joti varI / bhoga saMjoga sutyAga sabai supadAyaka saMjama lAbha karI // krodha nahIM jahA~ lobha nahIM kachU mAna nahIM nahiM hai kuttilaaii| hari dhyAna samhAri sajosubha kevala jodha kahai vaha bAta kharI // " isakI eka prati zrI di0 jaina mandira seTha ke kUcA ke zAstrabhaNDAra meM maujUda hai| 'dharmasarovara' ke atirikta 'samyaktva kaumudI bhASA' grantha ko bhI unhoMne saM0 1724 meM racA thaa| pahalA prantha ASAr3ha meM samApta kiyA aura usake sAta ATha mahIne bAda dUsarA grantha racA thA / isake pahale 'prItaMkara caritra' (1721) aura 'kathAkoSa' ( 1722 ) nAmaka grantha kavi jodha ne raca liye the| pravacanasAra, bhAvadIpikAvanikA (gadya) aura jJAnasamudra uparAnta kI racanAyeM haiN| bAbU jJAnacandrajI ne unakI ina racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| (di0 jai0 bhA0 graM. nA0, pR0 4-5) ____ AcArya lakSmIcandrajI zvetAmbarIya kharataragaccha ke eka acche vidvAn aura kavi pratIta hote haiN| digambara jainAcArya zrI zubha candrajI kRta 'jJAnArNava' grantha kA Apane padyabaddha bhASAnuvAda kiyA thaa| usameM Apane apanA paricaya nimna prakAra likhA hai "jJAna samudra apAra paya, mati naukA gati manda / pai kevaTa nIko milyau, AcAraja zubhacanda // 47 // tAke vacana vicAri ke, kInai bhASA chanda / bhAtama lAbha nihAri mani, AdhAraja lakSmIcanda // 18 //

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157 saMkSipta itihAsa gana paratara saba jaga vidita, zubha bhASA jina canda / labadhi raMga pAThaka suguru, rata jina dharma ananda // rata jina dharma ananda nanda sama brahma bicArI / dvai ziSa tAke bhae viduSa cita, zubha jina guna dhArI // kuzala nArAyaNadAsa tAsu laghu bhrAtA lakhamana / jAni bhavika suSasadana vidita jaga saba paratara gana // 49 // " jina tArAcandrajI ke liye unhoMne yaha padyAnuvAda kiyA thA, unakA bhI paricaya par3ha lIjiye"badaliyA gotadhara karata vajIrI nita svAmi kAma sAvadhAna hiye paricAu hai| tArAcaMda nAma yaha vastupAla jUko naMda hiradai maiM jAkai jinavAnI ThaharAu hai // inahIM kai kArana te graMtha jJAna nidhi bhayau, par3hata sunata yAke miTata vibhAu hai| Agama aMgimakauM bayAnyo maga bhASA raci svarasa rasika yAsauM rANe cita cAu hai||" phatehapura nagara meM alaphakhA~ saradAra the| unhoMne tArAcaMdajI ke sipurda rAjakAja karake unheM dIvAna kA pada diyA thaa| kavi lakhamIcanda ne unhIM ke liye yaha racanA kI thii| unakA dIkSA nAma labdhavimala gaNi pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki eka sthala para yaha ullekha hai ki "labdhi vimala pAi manuSakI gati nIkI tAhI phala lInoM rAcyau dhyAnake vidhAna sauN|" seTha ke kuMcA dillI ke zAstra-bhaNDAra kI pratike anta meM bhI isa 'jJAnArNava' grantha ko paNDita labdhivimala gaNikRta likhA hai| kavijI ke viSaya meM eka bAta noTa karane yogya hai, vaha yaha ki yadyapi vaha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke the, parantu hRdaya ke itane udAra the ki unhoMne akalaMka-samantabhadrAdi digambara jainAcAryoM

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158 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA kA smaraNa bar3e gaurava se kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai usa samaya vidvAnoM meM sAmpradAyikatA kA pakSapAta ghara nahIM kara gayA thA / dekhiye jarA kavijI 'jJAnArNava' kI prazaMsA meM kyA khUba kahate haiM yaha ratnarAsi 9 vilAsa hai / aneka jahA~, nivAsa hai // 1 hai, rahata na mala dravya ananta nayakau kalApa yaha ApagA milApa jAmaiM, nhAna kIne chIne pApa saMgama suvAsa aiso 'jJAnArNava' hamAre hiya basa bhAtama kA~ Adarasa parama prakAsa hai // 14 // " kavijI kI racanA zailI prasAda guNa ko liye huye haiM / kahIM aneka padyoM meM kavivara banArasIdAsa jIke kAvyoM kA chAyA anusaraNa dIkhatA hai / 'jJAnArNava' kA prArambhika chanda hI dekhiye / "nAnA bhAMti guNaka nivAsa supada gaMbhIra kete jantu kauM utapAta dhruva Adi vIcI hai dhIrati // "lalita cinha pada kalita milata nirapati nija haraSita munijana hoya dhoya kalimala guNa dida Asana thiti vAsu jAsu ujjala jaga prAtIhAraja aSTa naSTa gata roga na ajarAmara ekala achala aga anupama anamita zivakarana / indrAdika vaMdita caraNayuga, jaya jaya jina azaraNa zaraNa // 1 // 'jJAnArNava' ke dvArA kavi jaga-jIvoM ko aisA khela khelane ke liye protsAhita karatA hai, jisakA kabhI bhanta na ho| vaha kisa suMdara rUpa meM kahatA hai saMpati / jaMpati // kIrati /

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] " jagata ke sAvadhAna karana kau rAjipaura, bAjata gharayAra gharI gharI zora karike / Arija haiM rAja rAU pUraba tapasvI jana, rASata hai jJAnI vipra yahai mana dharikai // hohu sAvadhAna jaga belakau ThagAya rASau, gaI phera nAi herai rahe kahA parikai / belo aiso pela jAko kabahU~ na Avai aMta, mI avinAsI jaga pAsI sUMni karike // 27 // " sArAMzataH 'jJAnArNava' eka sundara AdhyAtmika jJAna-rasa pUrita racanA hai, jisase jJAnI jIvoM kA vizeSa upakAra ho sakatA hai / kavirAya candra kA saMvat 1713 kA racA huA 'sItAcarita' zrInayA maMdirajI dharmapurA dillI ke zAstra bhaMDAra se ( a 32 ga ) upalabdha huA hai / paraMtu kavi ne usameM apanA kucha bhI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| udAharaNa dekhiye "rAma jAnakI guna vistAra, kahai kauna kavi vacana vicAra || deva dharama guru kuM sira nAya, kahai caMda utima jaga mAya // X x x rAvana kauM jIta rAma sItA le vinItA Ae, varate sunIta rAja palaka suhAvanau / suSamaiM vitIta kAla dupakau viyoga hAla, savahI nihAla pApa paMtha meM na Avanau // vAhI varttamAna dIsai sabahI subudha loka, suraga samAna supa bhoga manabhAvanI // 159 koU duSadAI nAMhi sajjana milAyI mAMhi, sabahI sudharmI loka rAma guna gAvanau // 11 //

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[hindI baina gahitya kIyo graMtha raviSeNa naiM raghupurANa jiya jANa / vahai aratha iNa maiM kayau, rAyacaMda ura AMNa // 27 // saMvata sataraha terotarai, magisara graMtha samApati krai|" isakI prAcIna prati saM0 1791 kI dhAmapura kI lipibaddha hai| jinaharSa pATana nivAsI the / inhoMne saM0 1724 meM 'zreNikacaritra' chandabaddha racA thaa| (hi0 jai0 sA0 i0, pR0 71) inhIM kI racI huI eka 'RSi battIsI' nAmaka racanA hamAre saMgraha meM hai; jisake Adi aura anta ke padya nimna prakAra hai "aSTApada zrI Adi jinaMda, caMpA vAsapUjya jinacaMda / pAvA mugati gayA mahAvIra, avara nemi giranAra sadhIra // 1 // x uttama namatAM lahIe pAra, guNagRhatAM lahIe nistAra / jAine dUra karmanI kor3a, kahai jinaharpa namUM kara jora // 32 // " kavi khuzAlacaMda kAlA sAMgAnera ke rahanevAle khaMDelavAla jainI the| sAMgAnera meM mUlamaMghI paM0 lakhamIdAsa jI rahate the / kavi khuzAla ke vaha vidyAguru the| unase vidyA par3hakara kavi khuzAla jahAnAbAda (dillI ) cale Ae aura vahA~ jayasiMhapurA nAmaka muhalle meM rahane lge| dillI meM usa samaya seTha sukhAnaMdajI zAha prasiddha the| unake gRha meM zrI gokulacaMda nAmaka eka jJAnI puruSa the| unhIM ke upadeza se kavi ne 'harivaMzapurANa' kA padyAnuvAda saM0 1780 meM kiyA thaa| yaha anuvAda bra0 jinadAsa jI ke grantha ke anusAra racA gayA hai| kavi yahI likhate haiM "tahA~ zrI jinadAsa jU, grantha racyo iha sAra / so anusAra khusyAla hai, kahI bhavika suSakAra // 35 // "

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saMkSipta itihAsa] isa grantha kI eka prati saM0 1844 kI lipi kI huI alIgaMja ke zrI di0 jaina zAntinAtha maMdira ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM hai| ___ 'harivaMzapurANa' ke atirikta unake race hue 'padmapurANa' ( 1783 ), 'uttara purANa' ( 1799), 'dhanyakumAracaritra' 'jambU. caritra' Adi kaI graMtha upalabdha haiN| 'yazodharacaritra' bhI inhIM kavi khuzAlacaMdajI kA banAyA huA hai| ____ jagajIvana aura hIrAnanda-bAdazAha jahA~gIra ke zAsanasamaya meM Agare meM saMghaI abhayarAja agravAla eka suprasiddha dhanI the / unakI patniyoM meM eka 'mohanade' thiiN| jagajIvanajI unhIM kI kokha se janme the| samaya pAkara vaha bhI apane pitA kI bhA~ti suprasiddha hue / 'paMcAstikAya TIkA' meM likhA hai ki vaha jApharakhA~ nAmaka kisI umarAva ke maMtrI ho gaye the "tAko pUta bhayo jaganAmI, jagajIvana jinmaargnaamii| jApharakhA~ ke kAja saMbhAre, bhayA divAna ujAgara sAre // 5 // " jagajIvana svayaM kavi aura vidvAn the, aura vaha anya vidvAnoM ko bhI sAhityaracanA ke liye utsAhita karate the| Apane 'banArasIvilAsa' kA saMgraha kiyA thA aura 'samayasAra nATaka' kI eka TIkA likhI thii| unake samaya meM bhagavatIdAsa, dhanamala, murAri, hIrAnanda Adi aneka vidvAn the| hIrAnandajI zAhajahAnAbAda meM rahate the, jo Agare kA hI eka bhAga thaa| jagajIvana jI kI preraNA se unhoMne 'paMcAstikAyasAra' kA padyAnuvAda kevala do mahIne meM raca diyA thaa| yaha eka tAttvika grantha hai aura "jainamitra" kAryAlaya se prakAzita ho cukA hai / kavitA sAdhAraNataH acchI hai| udAharaNa dekhiye

Page #181
162. "sukha dukha dIsai bhogatA, sukhadukha jAnanahAra hai, gyAna sudhArasa saMsArI saMsAra meM, karanI . karai sAra rupai jAne nahIM, mithyApana ko [ hindI caina sAhitya kA sukhadukha rUpa na jIva / -- pIva // 321 // x asAra / saM0 1711 meM yaha graMtha pUrNa huA thA / zrI khemacandajI tapAgaccha kI candrazAkhA ke paMDita the / unake guru kA nAma zrI mukticandrajI thA / jaba Apa nAgaradeza meM the, taba saMvat 1761 meM 'guNamAlA cauraI' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha kI eka prati jaina- siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA meM surakSita hai, jo saM0 1788 kI lipibaddha haiM / racanA sundara hai / kavi gujarAta kI ora rahe haiM, isIliye usameM gujarAtI zabda A gaye haiM / udAharaNa dekhiye TAra // 324 // " "zrI RSabhAdika jinavara namuM, caubIse sukhakaMda / darasala duSa dUrai harai, nAmai nita AnaMda // 5 // X X x X pUraba desa tihAM goraSapurI, jAMNe ilikA ANi naidharI / bAra joyaNa nagarI vistAra, gaDha maDha maMdira peli pagAra // 5 // x X X X nagara mAMhi te deharA ghaNA, keI jaina keI sivataNA / mahi virAjai jinavara deva, bhaviyaNa sArai nitaprati seva // 10 // " x X x gorakhapura ke rAjA gajasiMha aura seThaputrI guNamAlA kI kathA ko kavi ne isa grantha meM sundara rIti se pratipAdita kiyA hai / guNamAlA kI bAla lIlA kA citraNa jarA dekhiye

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saMkSisa itihAsa] "guNamAlA rAmati ramai lalanAM, aho pyAre pele vividha prakAra, bhAMti bhAMti nA ghelaNAM llnaaN| guvyAM saM prema apAra // 1 // gu0|| sAta pAMca mili sArathI / la. aho / gAve gIta rasAla |gu0| mAta pitA nI lADilI / la. aho / vAlhI ghaNI mausAla ||2||gu0|| ADau mAMDai mAya suN| la. aho / apa mAMgai vasta aneka |mu0|| karai tAta suM rUsaNau / la. aho / apaha hotI beTI eka ||3||gu0|| SiNa rovai piNa maiM ha~sai / la0 aho / SiNa meM lADU pAya |gu0|| ghiNa nAgI Aga~ phirai / la0 aho / goda mAMhi so jAya ||4||gu0||" bAlApaNi to ati bhalau / la / jiNa meM raMga na rosa gu0|| cAlU bhI taruNA paNau / la0 / aji hA~ UbhI tihA~ dosa ||7||gu0||" yuvAvasthA ke nakhasikha varNana kI eka jhA~kI bhI dekhiye "kaMcU pahari jar3Ava ko, kIdhI kucopari chA~ha / sobhA ati a~gIyA~ taNI, jehanI bar3hIyA~ bA~ha ||28||me0|| hRdaisthala hI vaNyo, melI varNA sughATa / dIThAM supa ati upajai, pitR daMDa jANe vATa ||29||me0|| peTai poiNi patraha timA, Upari trivalI thAya / gaMgA yamanA marasatI, tInoM baiThI Aya ||10||me. nAbhi rakhakI kuMpalI, jaMghA ta kelI sthaMbha / mAnava gati dAsai nahIM, dIsai koI raMbha ||39||me0||" kavi kA yaha varNana kAmukatA ke sthAna para lalanA ke prati Adara bhAva jAgRta karatA hai| yaha usake jainatva kI vizeSatA hai|

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA guNamAlA kA vyA gajasiMha se huA; taba matA ne guNamAlA ko. jo zikSA dI, vaha Arya-maryAdA kI dyotaka hai "sIpAvaNi kuMvarI prata, dIyeM raMbhA mAta / beTI tUM para pugpa suM, mata karaje bAna // // bhagati kare bharatAra kI, saMga uttama rahaje / - vahAM rA mho bole rape, ati vinaya bahaje // 2 // " isa prakAra kI uttama sIkha se yaha padya ota prota hai| guNamAlA ne apanA pAtivratya khUba nibaahaa| kathA sarasa hai aura madhyakAla ke samAja kA sarjava citra usameM maujUda hai| neNasI mUtA osavAla jAti siMhake zvetAmbara jainthe| vaha jodhapura ke mahArAjA bar3e jasavantajI ke dIvAna the| mAravAr3I mizrita bhASA meM rAjasthAna kA eka itihAsa likhakara jise 'mUtA neNasI kI khyAta' kahate haiM, vaha apanA nAma ajara amara kara gaye haiN| suprasiddha itihAsajJa muMzI devIprasAdajI ne isa grantha kI bahuta prazaMmA kI thii| isako unhone itihAsa kA eka apUrva aura prAmANika grantha batalAyA thaa| yaha grantha saMvat 1716 se 1722 taka likhA gayA thaa| isameM aisI aneka bAtoM kA ullekha premIjI batalAte haiM, jinakA patA na to karnala TaoNDa ke 'rAjasthAna' se calatA hai aura na kisI dUmare grantha se| isa grantha meM rAjapUtoM kI 31 jAtiyoM kA itihAsa diyA huA hai| isake pahale bhAga meM pahale to eka-eka paragane kA itihAsa likhA hai| usameM yaha dikhAyA hai ki paragane kA vaisA nAma kyoM huA, usameM kauna-kauna rAjA hue, unhoMne kyA-kyA kAma kiye aura vaha kaba aura kaise *hi. sA. 30 pR. 66 /

Page #184
165 saMkSipta itihAsa] jodhapura ke adhikAra meM aayaa| phira pratyeka gA~va kA thor3A-thor3A hAla diyA hai ki vaha kaisA hai, phasala kauna-kauna dhAnyoM kI hotI hai, khetI kisa kisa jAti ke loga karate haiM, jAgIradAra kauna haiM, gA~va kitanI jamA kA hai, pA~ca varSoM meM kitanA rupayA bar3hA hai, tAlAba nAle aura nAliyA~ kitanI haiM, unake irda-girda kisa prakAra ke vRkSa haiM / ityAdi / yaha bhAga koI cArasau pA~casau patroM kA hai| isameM jodhapura ke rAjAoM kA itihAsa rAvasiyAjI se mahArAjA bar3e jasavantasiMhajI ke samaya taka kA hai| dUsare bhAga meM aneka rAjapUta rAjAoM ke itihAsa haiN| mUtA neNasA isa grantha ko likhakara jaina samAja ke vidvAnoM kA eka kalaMka dho gaye haiM ki ye deza ke sArvajanika kAryoM se upekSA rakhate haiN|" deva brahmacArI (kesarIsiMha?) kRta 'zrI sammedazikhiravilAsa' nAmaka racanA hamAre saMgraha meM hai; jisameM unhoMne apanA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai "zrI lohAcAraja muni dharma vinIta haiM ; tina kRta dhattAbaMdha sugraMtha punIta hai| tA anusAra kiyo sammeda vilAsa hai; deva brahmacArI jinavara ko dAsa hai|| kesarIsiMha jAna, rahe lasakarI deha hai| paMDita saba guNa jAna, yAko artha batAiyau // " bra devajIkRta 'paramAtma-prakAza' kI bhASATIkA bhI jasa. vantanagara (iTAvA) ke di0 jaina-maMdira meM saM0 1734 kI lipibaddha maujUda hai|

Page #185
[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa hathikAnta (jilA AgarA) ke paTTadhara the| unhoMne saM0 1738 meM 'aSTAhnikA kathA' racI thI / isI sAla unhoMne 'jinadattacaritra' bhI racA thaa| unake race hue kucha. pada bhI milate haiM / udAharaNa dekhiye "kaimai daihu~ karmani pAhi ! ApahI maiM karma bA~dho, kyoM kari DArI tori // 1 // deva guru zruta karI niMdA, gahI mithyA Dori / kara Nisu dina viSa caracA, rayau saMjamu bori // 2 // haoNsI kari kari karma bA~dhe, tabahi jAnI thori / abahi bhugatata rudanu Avai, jaise vana dhana mori // 3 // catura ruci sabhyakta sauM kari, tattva sauM ruci jori / 'vizvabhUSana' joti jo jovata, sakala karmanu phori // 4 // " 'jinamata khicarI' nAmaka kRti kA bhI namUnA dekhiye"lagu rahI mo piya ho darasana kI, pIyA darasana kI Asa darasanu kahi na dIjiye // 1 // kAhe ho bhUle bhrama pIyA, bhUle bhramajAla, moha mahAmada bhejiyai // 2 // nagara bado hathikaMta, aho hathikaMta prasiddha, . dhamabhAva zrAvaga ThAhaiM // 12 // suniyoM ho bhavi manu dai, aho bhavi manu dai yAhi maMgala hohi zaraNA tanai / kInI hauM paramAratha, aho paramAratha heta; vizvabhUpana munirAja nai // 14 // .inakA racA huA eka 'DhAIdvIpa kA pATha' bhI hai, jisakI kaI jayamAlAveM hindI meM haiN|

Page #186
saMkSisa itihAsa] 160 bha0 kalitakIrtijI uparyullikhita bha0 vizvabhUSaNa ke ziSya the| inhoMne saM0 1783 meM 'jinaguNasampattivratakathA' racI thii| inhIM kI 'aSTaka dhamAri' nAmaka racanA hamAre saMgraha meM hai| usake Adi aura anta ke chanda par3hiye "ratana jaTita kaMcana kI jhArI, gaMga jamuna bhari nIra / dhAra deuM jinavara ke AgaiM, aghamala rahai na dhIra // jinarAja caraNa juga pUjIyai ho / aho bhavi jJAnI pUjita sivapura joi ||jlN||1|| vasuvidhi araghu car3hAvau jinako, jinakI( ? )AratI karau manu lAi / maddhi pAvaI caMdAprama pUjau, lalitakIrati suSadAi / jinarAja caraNa paga pUjIye ho| aho bhavijJAnI pUjata sivapura jAi // " bha0 surendrabhUSaNajI bhI hatikAMta ko gaddI se sambandhita the| unhoMne saM0 1757 meM 'zrutapaJcamI vratakathA' racI thI, jisake antima chanda yoM hai "satraha sauM sattAnavi jAni, saMvati paupa dasai vadi jAni / hastakanta pura meM yaha saco, zrIsurendra bhUpaNa tahA~ racI // yaha vRtuvidhi pratipAle joi, so naranAri amarapati hoi // 79 // " bhagatarAmajI kI racI duI 'AdityavAra kathA' saMvat 1765 ke lipi kiye huye guTakA meM surakSita hai| kavi ne apanA paricaya ina chandoM meM diyA hai, jinase unakA nAma bilkula spaSTa nahIM hotA "hIna adhika jo achitu hoi / bahuri savArau gunIyara loha //

Page #187
268 [hindI caina sAhitya kA apravAlI kIyau vaSAnu / janani kuMvari tihunigiri thAnu / gagara gotu malUko pUt / bhau kaviyana bhagti saMjUtu // " ziromaNidAsajI paNDita gaGgAdAsa ke ziSya the| unhoMne bha0 sakalakIrti ke upadeza se, siharona nagara meM rahakara, jahA~ rAjA devIsiMha rAjya karate the, saM0 1732 meM 'dharmasAra' nAmaka grantha racA thaa| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai, parantu racanA svatantra hai| premIjIne isameM 763 caupAI likhe the, parantu hamAre saMgraha kI prati meM unakI saGkhyA 755 svayaM kavine batAI hai"sAta sai pacapana satra jAni / dohA caupahI kahI bapAni // 4 // " isake atirikta 'siddhAntaziromaNi' nAmaka eka choTA-sA grantha inakA racA huA aura hai; jisameM inhoMne zvetAmbara yatiyoM aura digambarIya bhaTTArakoM ke bheSa kA niSedha kiyA hai| usa samaya kI sAmAjika sthiti kA patA ina granthoM se acchA calatA hai| udAharaNa dekhiye "nahIM digaMbara nahIM vRta dhAra, ye jatI nahIM bhava bhamaiM apAra / yaha sunakai kachu lIjai sAra, utarai cAhI bhava ke pAra // 57 // siddhAnta siromani sAstrako nAma, kInI samakita rApibai kai kAma / jo kou paDhe sunai naranAri, samakita lahai suddha apAra // 54 // kavi maMgala kRta 'karmavipAka' nAmaka racanA hamAre saMgraha ke eka guTakA meM hai / antima chanda isa prakAra hai "maMgala mithyA chAMdi dai, yaha saMsAru asAra / bhajI eka bhagavaMta kI, jyA utaro bhava pAra // 6 // jA sumirai suSu Upaje, antakAla vizrAmu / koTi viSana TUTai rauM, sIjhai bAMchita kAma // 6 //

Page #188
saMcita itihAsa] 169 kavi santalAla kA racA huA eka 'siddhacakrapATha' milatA hai| unhIM ke race hue sambhavataH 'dazalAkSiNika aMga' bhI haiM; usake antima chanda se yahI dhvanita hotA hai "jo e paDhaha paDhAvahi santu, lipai ligavai jora mahaMtu / dharma bar3ha bahu tAsako, kavi ratana kRna 'sAmudrika zAstra' hindI meM saM0 1745 kA racA huA zrI zAntinAtha di0 jaina mandira alIgaJja meM hai| vaha bahuta azuddha likhA huA hai / parantu apane viSaya kI acchI racanA hai / kavi ne apanA paricaya yoM diyA hai "sevaka mohanalAla ke, naravara gar3hI vizrAmu // 336 // tiniko suta kavi ratana huva kInI prAthu (grantha) vicAri / sata kavi yAkI depi ke, lIjI sakala sudhAri // 337 // budhi mAphika baranana kiyo, budhi vinoda mana Ani / jAhi par3hata budhi bar3hati ati, hoi sakala gana pAni // 338 // " bijairAmajI ke kucha pada milate haiN| inakI koI svatantra racanA upalabdha nahIM hai / namUnA dekhiye "mati terI manda bhaI, ho cetana, mati terI manda bhaI / Apa kumAyu(kamAyo) pApa magana hva, doSa judata daI // hI cetanu0 // 1 // gurukI sIpa eka nahIM mAnI, muni kari karI gaI / (?) viSai bhoga teM supakari mAnyau, jina guNa sudhi na laI // ho0 // 2 // mana tero phiratu cahu~disa prAMna', jyoM dadhi mAMhi raI / ceta sabai to ceta manuSa, mati bhrama se bahu tapaI / ho0 // 3 // karuNAkari samakati cita rApo, saMgati sAdhu maI / vijairAma kahata sipa na kule, jo jAta laI ||ho0||14||?"

Page #189
17. [hindI jaina sAhitya kA jagatarAya athavA jagatarAma ne saM0 1721 meM 'padmanandipaJcIsI' chandabaddha racI thii| unake race hue AgamavilAsa aura samyakva. kaumudI nAmaka grantha bhI haiM / eka pada dekhiye "jina darasana pAye, Aja nainA suphala bhaye // jina0 // roma roma Ananda bhayo hai, azubha karma gaye bhAja // jina0 // kAla anAdi meM nisa dina bhavako, saro na mana ko kAja // jina0 // 'rAma' dAsa prabhU jahI mA~gata haiM. mukti simbara ko rAja // jina0 // " inake pada choTe aura bhaktirasapUrNa hote haiN| devadatta dIkSita ne bha0 surendrabhUSaga (saM0 1758 ) ke upadeza se 'candraprabha purANa' chandabaddha racA thA, jisakI adhUrI prati jasavantanagara ke ma ndara meM maujUda hai / usakA maMgalAcaraNa nimna prakAra hai aura usameM likhA hai ki 'bhA jinendrabhUSaNopadeSTa zrI dIkSitadevadattakRte "saba vidhi hita vidhi udita sarava sidhi mudita aMkadhara / vaMcakatA varajita subhAva saMtata visaMkahara / para abhedi jo suna gunata ura supa vistArahi / saranAgata mana bhavya jIva jana gana jo tArahi // asa jina agama pravara par3hata harata janamaru marana / " bulAkIdAsajI kA janma Agare meM huA thaa| vaha goyalagotrI agravAla di0 jaina zrAvaka the| unake pUrvaja bayAnA ( bharatapura) meM rahate the| unake pitAmaha zravaNadAsa bayAnA chor3akara Agare meM A base the| unake putra nandalAlajI ko suyogya dekhakara paM0 hemarAjajI ne unheM apanI kanyA vyAha dI thI, jisakA nAmA

Page #190
saMkSita itihAsa] 'jainI' thA / hemarAjajI ne usa kanyA ko bahuta hI buddhimatI aura vyutpanna banAI thii| bulAkIdAsajI kA janma inhIM ke garbha se huA. thaa| unhoMne svayaM apanI mAtA kI prazaMsA meM likhA hai ki "hemarAja paMDita basai, tisI Agare ThAha / garaga gota guna Agarau, saba pUjeM jisa paai|| upagItAkai dehaz2A, 'jainI' nAma vikhyAti / sIlarUpa guna AgarI, prIti nIti kI pA~ti / / dInI vidyA janaka naiM, kInI ati vyutpanna / paMDita jAe~ sIkhaleM, dharanItala meM dhana // sugunakI khAni kIdhauM sukRta kI vAni zubha, kIratikI dAni apakIrati-kRpAni hai| svAratha vidhAni parasvArathakI gajadhAni, ramAhU kI rAni kIdhI jainI jinavAni hai|| dharama dharani bhava bharama harani kIdhauM, asarana sarani kIdhauM jananI-jahAni hai| hemasau. ......... 'pana sIlasAgara.......... bhani, durita darzana surasaritA samAni hai / " aThArahavIM zatAbdi meM jainI-jaisI suzikSita mahilArana kA honA bar3e gaurava kI bAta haiM / bulAkIdAsajI apanI mAtA ke sAtha uparAnta dillI meM A rahe the| vahA~ unhoMne 'pANDavapurANa' ( bhArata bhASA ) kI racanA apanI mAtA ke Agraha se kI thI aura usa ke anta meM unhoMne apanI mAtA ke prati khUba bhakti prakaTa kI thii| premIjI ne likhA hai ki 'racanA madhyama zreNI kI hai, para kahIM kahIM bahuta acchI hai| kavi meM pratibhA hai, paraMtu yaha

Page #191
172 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA mUla grantha kI kaida ke kAraNa vikasita nahIM ho paaii|' yaha grantha saM0 1754 meM banA thaa| ___ kavivara bhUdharadAsajI bhI Agare ke rahane vAle the aura jAti ke khaMDelavAla the| isase adhika unakA kucha paricaya jJAta nahIM hotaa| unake banAye hue tIna grantha milate haiM-(1) pArzva purANa, .(2) jainazataka aura ( 3) padasaMgraha / 'pArzvapurANa meM teIsaveM tIrthaGkara bha0 pArzvanAtha kA jIvana-kathAnaka bahuta hI sundara rIti se pratipAdita hai / hindI jaina-sAhitya meM yahI eka suMdara svataMtra kAvya hai| premIjI ne isake viSaya meM likhA hai ki "hindI ke jaina sAhitya meM 'pArzvapurANa' hI eka aisA carita grantha hai, jisakI racanA ucca zreNI kI hai, jo vAstava meM par3hane yogya hai aura jo kisI saMskRta prAkRta grantha kA anuvAda karake nahIM kintu svatantra mapa se likhA gayA hai|" isakI racanA meM saundarya tathA prasAda guNa hai / thor3e se padya dekhiye-sajjana aura durjana ke viSaya meM kavi kI sUjha kaisI anUThI hai "upaje ekahi garbhasauM, sajana durjana yeha / loha kavaca rakSA kare, khAMDo khaMDai deha // durjana aura salekhayA, ye samAna jaga mAMhi / jyoM jyoM madhuro dIjiye, tyoM tyoM kopa karAhiM // durjana janakI prIti sauM, kaho kaise sukha hoya / viSadhara popi piyUpakI prApati sunI na loya // tape tavA para Aya svAti jalada vintttthii| kamalapatra parasaMga, vahI motIsama diThThI // sAgara sIpa samIpa, bhayo muktAphala soii| saMgata ko parabhAva, pragaTa dekho saba koI //

Page #192
saMkSipta itihAsa ] yoM nIca saMga teM nIcaphala, madhyama taiM madhyama sahI / uttama sa~joga taiM jIvako, uttama phala prApati kahI // 123 // kintu sajjana durjanadvArA dukhI kiye jAne para bhI apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3atA - "durjana dRkhita saMtakau, sarala subhAva na jAya / darpaNa kI chavi chArasauM, adhikahi ujjala thAya // " 173 kuvyasana-rata puruSa kI kyA gati hotI hai, yaha bhI kavi kI vANI meM par3hiye "pitA nIra parasai nahIM, dUra rahai ravi yAra / avicAra || tA aMbuja meM mUr3ha ali, urajhi merai tyoM hI kuvisanarata puruSa, hoya avasa aviveka / hita anahita socai nahIM, hiye visana kI Teka // " bIbhatsa rasa kA citraNa nimna padya meM karate hue, bha0 pArzva kI caritradRr3hatA ko kavi ne kisa uttama rIti se prakaTa kiyA hai, yaha bhI pAThaka, dekhiye "kilakilaMta betAla, kAla kajjala chavi sajjahiM / bhauM karAla vikarAla bhAla madagaja jimi gajahiM // muMDamAla gala dharahiM lAya loyanani DarahiM jana / mukha phuliMga phuMkarahiM karahiM nirdaya dhuni hana hana // i ividha aneka durbhe dhari, kamaTha jIva upasarga kiya / tihuM lokacaMda jinacaMdra prati, dhUli DAla nija sIsa liya // " yaha kAvya hI bhUdharadAsajI ko eka acchA kavi pramANita hai / inakA yaha grantha do bAra chapa cukA hai| karatA

Page #193
274 [hindI baina sAhitya kA dUsarA grantha 'jainazataka' nIti kI sundara racanA hai| isameM 107 kavitta savaiyA, dohA aura chappaya haiN| pratyeka padya apane apane viSaya ko kahane vAlA hai| ise eka prakAra kA 'subhASita saMgraha' kahanA caahie| isakA pracAra bhI bahuta hai| kucha udAharaNa dekhiye "jolauM deha terI kAha roga mo na ghero jolI,, ___jarA mAhiM nerI jAsI parAdhIna parihai / jaulI, jama-nAmA vairI deya na dayAmA jaulauM, mAna kAna rAmA buddhi jAi nA vigarihai / taulI mitra mere nija kAraja sa~vAra lere, paurupa thakeMge phera pIche kahA karihai / aho Aga AyeM jaba sauMparI jarana lAgA, kuA ke khudAyeM taba kauna kAja sarihai // " saMsAra jIvana ko chalanA bhI kavi-vANI meM samajhiye"cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidha, tau saba kAja sare jiyarA jI / geha cinAya karUM gahanA kacha, byAhi sutAsuta bA~Tiye bhAjI // cintata yo dina jAhiM cale, jama Ani acAnaka deta dagA jii| khelata khela khilAri gaye, 'rahi jAi rupI zataraMja kI bAjI // ' zikArI ke prati mUka pazU kI phariyAda bhI kavi ke mukha se suniye:"kAnana meM basai aisau Ana na garIba jIva, prAnana sauM pyArau prAna pUMjI jisa yaha hai / kAyara subhAva dharai kAhU~ sauM na droha karai, sabahI sauM rai dAMta liya tRna, rahe hai|

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] 175 kAhU sauMna ropa puni kAhUna popa cahai, kAhU ke paroSa paradoSa nAhiM kahai hai / neku svAda sArikhe kauM aise mRga mAribe kauM, hA hA re kaThora terI kaise kara tIsarA grantha 'padasaMgraha' hai, jisameM kavi ke 80 pada, vinatI Adi kA saMgraha hai / eka pada kI bAnagI lIjiye bahe hai |" nahiM bhAveM // 4 // " "carakhA calatA nAhIM, carakhA huA purAnA // Teka // paga khU~Te dRya hAlana lAge, ura madarA khambarAnA / chIdI huIM pAMkhar3I pasalIM, phireM nahIM manamAnA // 1 // rasanA takalI ne balakhAyA, so aba kaiseTa | pada sUta sUdhA nahiM nika, ghar3I ghar3I pala TUTai // 2 // Ayu mAlakA nahIM bharosA aMga calAcala mAre / roja ilAja marammata cAhe, vaida bAr3haI hAre // 3 // nayA caravalA raMgA caMgA, sabakA citta curA / palTA varana gaye guna agale aba dekheM maudA mahIM kAta kara bhAI, kara apanA murajherA / aMta Aga meM IMdhana hogA, 'bhUdhara' samajha saverA // 55 " dyAnatarAyajI * bhI Agare ke nivAsI the aura the goyala gotrI agravAla zrAvaka / inake pUrvaja lAlapura se Akara Agare meM base the / inake pitAmaha kA nAma vIradAsa aura pitA zyAmadAsa the / kavi kA janma saM0 1733 meM huA thA aura vyAha saM0 1748 meM huA, jaba vaha 15 varSa ke yuvaka the| usa samaya Ag2are meM mAnasiMhajI kI dharmazailI thI / dyAnatarAyajI ne usase lAbha uThAyA / paM0 bihArIdAsa aura paM0 mAnasiMhajI ke dharmopadeza se vaha jaina* 30 je0 sA0 i0, pR0 58 /

Page #195
176 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA dharma ke zraddhAlu saM0 1746 meM hue the| mAlUma hotA hai ki yuvAvasthA meM kaSi vAsanA meM phaMsa gaye the; tabhI to vaha kahate haiM ki 'pachattara meM mAtA merI' sIla buddhi ThIka krii|' satahattara meM unhoMne zikhira jI kI yAtrA kI thii| jainadharma ke adhyayana meM unhoMne apanA samaya lgaayaa| kabhI AgarA aura kabhI dillI meM raha kara sAhitya racanA kI thii| dillI meM paM0 sukhAnandajI kI zailI thii| kavi kI saba hI racanAoM kA saMgraha 'dharmavilAsa nAmaka graMtha meM hai, jo saMvat 1780 meM racakara samApta kiyA gayA thaa| kucha aMza ko chor3a kara yaha chapa cukA hai| yaha saMgraha bahuta bar3A hai| isameM akele padoM kI hI saMkhyA 333 hai| padoM aura pUjAoM ke atirikta 45 viSayoM kI anya racanAe~ haiN| racanAoM ke dekhane se vidita hotA hai ki dyAnatarAyajI eka acche kavi the| 'kaThina viSayoM ko saralatA se samajhAnA inheM khUba AtA thaa|' zAyada yahI sabase pahale kavi haiM jinhoMne hindI meM aneka pUjAe~ racI aura bhaktivAda-'dAso'haM bhAvanA kA bIja 'so'haM. bhAvanA rUpI adhyAtmaphala kI prApti hetu jaina sAhitya meM boyA thaa| racanAoM kA namUnA dekhiye"rujagAra banai nAhiM dhana to na gharamAhiM, khAne kI phikara bahu nAri cAhai gahanA / denevAle phiri jAhiM mile to udhAra nAhiM, sAjhI milaiM cora dhana Avai nAMhi lahanA // koU pUta jvArI bhayo gharamAMhiM suta thayau, eka pUta mari gayau tAkau duHkha sahanA / putrI vara joga bhaI byAhI sutA jama laI, ete duHkha sukha jAnai tisai kahA kahanA // "

Page #196
saMdita itihAsa gRhaduHkha kA kyA khUbA citraNa hai| tIna anya savaiyoM meM bhI gRhaduHkha ko kavi ne khUba hI jatAyA hai| kavi kA yaha upadezI padya kyA Adhunika kavitA kI samatA nahIM karatA? jarA gaura kIjiye "z2indagI sahala 4 nAhaka dharama khovai, jAhira jahAna dIkhai svAba kA tamAsA hai| kabIle ke khAtira tU kAma bada karatA hai, apanA mulaka chori hAtha liye kAMsA hai // kaur3I kaur3Ijorijori lAkha kori joratA hai, kAla kI kumuka bhAe~ calanA na mAsA hai| sAita na pharAmoza hUjiye gusaI yA ko, yahI to sunana .khUba yehI kAma khAsA hai // 4 // " 'dharmavilAsa' kI racanA karake apanA nirIhapana kavi ne kisa sundaratA se darzAyA hai, yaha dekhiye "acchara setI tuka bhaI, tuka sauM hue chaMda / chaMdana sauM Agama bhayo, Agama aratha suchaMda // Agama aratha suchaMda, hamaurne yaha mahiM kiinaa| gaMgA kA jala leya, aragha gaMgA kI dInA // sabada anAdi anaMta, gyAna kArana bina macchara / maiM saba setI mitra, gpAnamaya cetana acchara // 5 // " prantha prazasti meM kavi ne usa samaya kI kaI aitihAsika bAtoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / AgarA ke viSaya meM unhoM ne likhA hai "dhai koTa udhaiM bAga jamanA bahai hai bIca, pacchama sauM pUraba kI asIma pravAha sauN| 12

Page #197
1978 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA aramanI gujarAtI mAravArI, kasamIrI . naroM setI jAmaiM bahu desa baseM cAha sau // rUpacaMda bAnArasI caMdajI bhagotIdAsa / jahA~ bhale bhale kavi dhAnata uchAha sauM / aise Agare kI hama kauna bhA~ti sobhA kahaiM, bar3au dharmathAnaka hai dekhiye nivAha sauM // " dillI zahara meM nahara unake samaya meM nikalI thI, muhammadazAha mugala bAdazAha ke rAjya meM loga kaise sukhI the, yaha saba kucha kavi ne batAyA hai / zrI bhAvasiMhajI aura zrI jIvarAjajI kI saMyukta racanA 'puNyAvakathAkoSa' kI eka prati jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA ( naM0 84 ) meM virAjamAna hai| yaha racanA muni zivanandi ke ziSya muni rAmasenakRta saMskRta bhASA ke grantha kA padyAnuvAda hai / isameM kula 56 kathAe~ haiN| bhAvasiMhajI ne paNDita daulatarAmajI kI bhASA TIkA ke AdhAra se isakA padyAnuvAda prArambha kiyA thA aura 'zIlAdhikAra' taka ve isa grantha ko raca pAye the ki unakA svargavAsa ho gayA / unakI yaha racanA adhUrI raha gaI / zAyada rugNAvasthA meM hI unhoMne apanI yahI adhUrI kRti jIvarAjajI ke pAsa bheja dI thI, jinhoMne paNDita bhairoMdAsa ke upadeza se ise saM0 1792 meM raca kara pUrA kiyaa| isase adhika racayitAoM kA paricaya kucha jJAta nahIM hotA / udAharaNa dekhiye " varddhamAna jina vandikai, tatva prakAsana sAra / puNyAzrava bhASA karU~, bhavi jIvana hitakAra // 1 // x x x x + 'dillI maiM nahari bhAI taiseM yaha kavitAI / '

Page #198
saMcita itihAsa] karma na bhedA AtamA, karmana bhedo joi / Atamapada paramAtamA, niha dhArai soha // 6 // jo vAMchA siva pada dharai, rAga doSa kauM gAra / mamatA taji samatA bhajI, kAma krodha ko mAra // 12 // prabhuko sumaraNa dhyAna kari, pUjA jApa vidhAna / jina praNIta mAraga viSe, magana hou matimAna // 3 // " govarddhanadAsajI pAnIpata ke rahane vAle the| unake pitA kA nAma nandalAla thA / lakSmIcandajI unake guru the| saM0 1762 meM unhoMne eka 'zakunavicAra' nAmaka zAstra kI racanA kI thii| usakI eka prati zrI paJcAyatI mandira, dillI ke bhaNDAra meM (naM0 lu 1) saM0 1874 kI paNDita cetanadAsa kI likhI huI hai| kula 5 patre haiN| racanA kA namUnA dekhiye"svasti zrI jinarAja mukti sundara varanAyaka, sakala jagata suSakAra sarava maMgala varadAyaka / sajala jalada sama aMga vimala lakSaNa guNadhAraka, mathana kamaTha saTha mAna Ita bhaya pApanivAraka // sapA dhirAja padmAvato jAke vandata juga carana, kari jori vanda nati karata nita pArzvanAtha bhavabhaya harana / svAna dAhine pA~va sau, puNNahi SAja nija sIsa / rAjya lAbha puni udara suSa, kaNTha gudA dhana dIsa // 19 // guru kI bhelI gudaulI, maMgalIka parasiddha / jo calate sanamuSa mile, to pAvai saba siddha // 24 // "

Page #199
180 [ hindI caina sAhitya kA 1 lIne loka vicAra, zakunArNava zubha grantha taiM saba jana kI hitakAra, saMskRta taiM bhASA racI // 11 // saMvata satraha se barasa, bIte vAsaThi jAni / mAsu sudi titha paJcamI, zazisuta vAra badhAni // 12 // zrI pAnIpatha nagara majhAri, jinadharmI zrAvaka suSakAra / x x x x naMdalAla naMdana suSakAra, zrI govarddhanadAsa udAra // yaha choTA-sA sarvopayogI prantha hai / kisanasiMhajI sAMgAnera ke rahane vAle khaNDelavAla zrAvaka the / inakA gotra pATaNI aura pada 'sahI' thA / kalyANa siMghaI ke do beTe - (1) sukhadeva aura ( 2 ) Ananda siMha the| sukhadeva ke thAna, mAna aura kisana siMha nAma ke tIna beTe hue| inhIM kisAna siMhajI ne saM0 1784 meM 'kriyAkoSa' nAmaka chandobaddha grantha banAyA / yadyapi racanA svatantra hai, parantu kavitA sAdhAraNa hai| kucha samaya pahale jaina gharoM meM isakA bahuta pracAra thA / 'bhadrabAhu caritra' ( 1785 ) aura 'rAtribhojanakathA' bhI ApakI racanAe~ haiN| rUpacandajI pAMDe rUpacandajI se bhinna haiM / inakI racI huI banArasIdAsa kRta 'nATakasamayasAra' kI TIkA premIjI ne eka sajjana ke pAsa dekhI thii| vaha bar3I sundara aura vizada TIkA saMvat 1798 kI banI huI hai| daulatarAmajI basavA ke rahane vAle the, parantu jayapura meM jA base the| unake pitA kA nAma AnandarAma thA / vaha jAti ke kAzalIvAla gotrI khaNDelavAla the aura rAjya ke kisI bar3e pada para niyukta the| unhoMne 'harivaMzapurANa' kI prazasti meM likhA hai hiM0 je0 sA0 i0 pR0 68-71

Page #200
181 vivi "sekka narapati kI sahI, mAma su daulatarAma / sAnai yaha bhASA kI, apara jinavara nAma // 25 // " saM0 1795 meM unhoMne kriyAkoSa' nAmaka pandha milA thaa| usa samaya vaha 'jayasuta' nAmaka kisI rAjA ke mantrI the| samaya vaha udayapura meM the "saMvata satrAsai pilyANava, mAdaya sudi vArasa tithi jAnava / maMgalavAra udaipura mAhIM, pUrana kInI saMse naahii| mAnandasuta jabasuta ko maMtrI, jayako anucara jAhi kreN| so daulata binadAsani-dAsA, jina mAraga kI zaraNa gau|" jayapura meM ratnacandrajI dIvAna ke hone kA ullekha kapi me kiyA hai| rAyamallajI nAmaka dharmAtmA sajana kI preraNAse daulatarAmajI ne AdipurANa, padmapurANa bhaura harivaMzapurANa kI vanikAe~ (gadyAnuvAda) likhI thoN| premIjI ne likhA hai ki-"ina pranyoM kA bhASAnuvAda ho jAne se sacamuca hI jaina samAja ko bahuta hI lAma huA hai| jaina dharma kI rakSA hone meM ina pranyoM se bahuta sahAyatA milI hai| ye pranya bahuta bar3e-bar3e haiN| bacamikA bahuta sarala hai| kevala hindI-bhASAbhASI prAntoM meM hI nahIM, gujarAta aura dakSiNa meM bhI ve prantha par3he aura samajhe jAte haiN| inakI bhASA badArIpana hai, to bhI vaha samajha lI jAtI hai|" yogIndradevachata paramAtmaprakAza kI aura 'zrIpAlacaritra' kI bacanikA bhI unhoMne banAI thii| ToDaramallajI 'puruSArthasidpyupAya' kI bhAga TIkA adhUrI chor3a gaye the / vaha bhI daulatarAmajI ne pUrI kI thii| saM0 1777 kI racI huI 'puNyAvAcanikA' bhI sambhavataH bhApakI kati hai|

Page #201
[ hindI caina sAhitya kA devIsiMhajI x naravara - nivAsI the / unhoMne saM0 1796 meM 'upadezasiddhAnta ratnamAlA' chandobaddha racI thii| jIvarAja - bar3hanagara x nivAsI ne saM0 1762 meM 'paramAtmaprakAzavacanikA' likhI thI / tArAcaMda kRta x jJAnArNava chandobaddha hai (saM0 1728 ) / vinodIlAlajI sahajAdipura ke nivAsI the| unhoMne dillI meM Akara 'bhaktAmarakathA' (1747) aura 'samyaktvakaumudI' chandobaddha (1749 ) kI racanA kI thii| unakI aura bhI phuTakara racanAe~ haiM / paM0 bakhatarAma + cATasU~-nivAsI ne saM0 1800 meM jayapura meM 'dharmmabuddhi kI kathA' evaM 'mithyAtvakhaMDanavacanikA' banAI thIM / paM0 bhairaudAsajI ne saM0 1791 meM 'solahakakAraNavratakathA' racI thii| isake agale varSa unhoMne 'sugandhadazamIkathA' racI thI / kavi makaraMda padmAvatI puravAla kI racI huI bhI eka 'sugandhadazamIkathA' hai| 182 bulAkIcaMda OM kRta 'baccanakoSa' (1737) hai| rAmasAgara ne 'ratnaparIkSA' racI hai| pannAlAlajI jayapura ke nivAsI the| unake samaya meM mAdhavasiMha nareza kA zAsana thA / usa samaya jayapura meM seTha cAMdamalajI prasiddha the, jinake putra phUlacandajI the / ina phUlacandajI ke kahane se hI kavi ne 'ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra' kA padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa| isakI eka prati paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM ( naM0 i 6 ) hai| dillI ke x hi0 je0 sA0 i0 . 0 68-71 / + mAM0 0 0 nA0, pR0 407 / * anekAnta, varSa 4 aMka 7, 8, 9 va 10 dekho *

Page #202
saMdhisa itihAsa 2 // seThakA pha~cA mandira meM bhI eka 'rasakaraNDa bhAvakAcAra' caupAIbaddha saM0 1770 kA racA huA hai| sambhava hai, yaha donoM anya eka ho / namUnA dekhiye "parama caranadhara ke parana, parama sumaMgala dAya / harana karana mada zivaramana, namana kara ziramAya / ma samaMtabhadra I ju bhadrabhAva yoga haiM, nivRtya ApahI bhaye kumyAdhi ke prayoga hai| namAta naika zIsahI pracaMDa teja jAsa bho, vidAri Iza piMDa caMdranAtha viva bhAsa bho // 2 // jinavAca rahasya kusuMbha raMga, raMge sarasa sohana / saba guna saMyuta nanda tamu, phUlacanda mativaMta // 1 // tina bhASyo hama thAna ta, dharama rAga prsaay| bhASA rakhakaraNDa kI, karo sakala sukhadAya // 2 // mandira zrI haradeva ko, nayara livAlI thaan| sthAna sukhada jihameM bhaI, bhASA ati sukha dAna / svAmi samaMtabhada matidhArI, rakhakaraNa rayo hitkaarii| mUla tAsako bhAva suhAyo, saMghahi payAlAla dilaayo|" paM0 nemicandra ne 'devendrakIrti kI jakar3I' ma0 1700 meracI thii| paM0 mAnasiMha bhagavatI ne saM0 1731 meM 'dravyasaMgraha padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa|

Page #203
14 [hindI vaina sAhityama 40 vizanasiMha chAnesaM01773 meM nishimojnkvaarciithii| ma. mahendrakIrti kI kI 'nIrAjanA' nAmaka sthamA paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM hai| mahimodaya upAdhyAya ne 'paMcAGganirmANavidhi' saM0 1733 meM racI thii| kavi sudAmA ke ne 'bArahakhar3I' saM0 1760 meM banAI thii| kavi gaMgadAsa * (parvatasuta) kA 'mahApurANarAsa' paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM hai| 10 vegarAja ne holIkathA' saM0 1765 meM racI thii| 'mizrabandhuvinoda' meM nimalikhita kaviyoM kA ullekha hai| harakhacanda sAdhu-zrIpAlacaritra ( 1740) / jimaraMga sUri-saubhAgyapaMcamI ( 1741) dharmamandira gaNi-prabandhacintAmaNi, copImunicaritra ( 1741-1750) / Isavijaya jatI-kalpasUtraTIkA (1780) / mAnavijaya jatI-malayacaritra (1781) / lAbhavana-upapadI ( 1711) unIsavIM zatAgdi ri0 jainasaMgha ke lie vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| isa zatAbdi meM paNDitapravara ToDaramabjI aura kaviyara ndAvana jI hue the, jinhoMne saMgha aura sAhitya donoM meM hI bhalekhanIya sudhAra kiye the| jaina samAja sthitipAlaka banakara viveka ko kho baiThA thA-bhaTTArakoM ke akhaNDa rAjya ko vaha cupacApa bA~kha meDe . . rat.,,... / +R. . ...... /

Page #204
vita itihAsa] 185 hue mAna rahA thA-usakA vicAra svAtaMtrya apAhata ho cukA thA usakI mAtmA guruDama' ke bojha se dabI huI tilamilA rahI thii| aise samaya meM pUjyavara paM0 ToDaramalajI ne krAnti kI Aga sulagAI, jisameM guruDama' kA khokhalA piJjara naSTa ho gyaa| prabhU ke serA paMtha ne bhUloM ko rAstA batAyA aura trasitoM ko sukha kI sA~sa lene kA avasara diyaa| isa sAmAjika sthiti kA.prabhAva sAhitya para bhI huA aura aisI racanAe~ prakAza meM AI jo maye sudhAra kI poSaka thoM, yadyapi bhativAda kI lahara se ve bhaktI na raha skiiN| paM0 ToDaramalajI * isa zatAbdi ke sabase bar3e sudhAraka, sasvavettA aura prasiddha lekhaka the| di0 jaina sampradAya meM vaha RSitulya mAne jAte haiN| kevala 32 varSa kI avasthA meM hI vaha aisA apUrva aura Thosa kAma kara gaye haiM ki sunakara Azcarya hotA hai| ToDaramalajI ne apanI racanAoM se jaina samAja meM tatsvAna ke banda hue pravAha ko phira se bahAyA thaa| karmaphilaoNsaphI kI carcA karanA kevala saMskRta-prAkRta ke mAtA paNDitoM ke bA~Ta meM na rahAToDaramalajI kI racanAoM ko par3hakara hindI ke mAtA sAdhAraNa puruSa aura biyA~ bhI sattvacarcA karane meM maprasara hue the| ToDaramalajI jayapura ke rahanevAle the| vaha baNDelavAla zrAvaka the| sunate haiMjayapura rAjya ke dIvAna bhamaracandrajI ne bhApako apane pAsa rakhakara vidyAdhyayana karAyA thaa| 15.16 varSa kI umra meM hI Apa mAyaracanA karane lage the| jainadharma ke asAdhAraNa vidvAna the| ApakA sabase prasiddha grantha 'gommaTasAravacanikA' hai, jisameM ....... pR. 171 /

Page #205
186 [hindI jaina sAhitya labdhisAra aura kSapaNAsAra bhI zAmila hai| isakI zloka-saMkhyA lagabhaga 45 hajAra hai / yaha nemicandra svAmI ke prAkRta 'gommaTasAra' kI bhASATIkA hai| isameM jainadharma ke karma-siddhAnta kA vistRta vivecana hai| dUsarA prantha trailokyasAravacanikA hai| yaha bhI prAkRta kA anuvAda hai| isameM jainamata ke anusAra bhUgola aura khagola kA varNana hai| isakI zlokamakhyA lagabhaga 10-12 hajAra hogii| tIsarA prantha guNabhadrasvAmIkRta saMskRta 'AtmAnuzAsana kI vacanikA' hai| isameM bahuta hI hRdayagrAhI aura bhAdhyAtmika upadeza haiN| bhartRhari ke vairAgyazataka ke DhaMga kA hai| zeSa do anya adhUre haiM-1. puruSArthasinyupAya kI varSAnakA aura 2. mokssmaargprkaashk| inameM se pahale prantha ko to paM0 daulatarAmajI kAzalIvAla ne pUrNa kara diyA thA, parantu dUsarA grantha mokSamArgaprakAzaka adhUrA hI hai| yaha chapa cukA hai / 500 pRSTha kA hai| bilkula svatantra hai| gaga hindI meM jainoM kA yahI eka prantha hai, jo tAttvika hokara bhI svatantra likhA gayA hai| ise par3hane se mAlUma hotA hai ki yadi ToDaramalajI vRddhAvasthA taka jIte, to jaina-sAhitya ko aneka apUrva ramoM se alaMkRta kara jAte / Apake pranthoM kI bhASA jayapura ke bane hue tamAma pranyoM se sarala, zuddha aura sApha hai| apane pranthoM meM maMgalAcaraNa Adi meM jo Apane padya diye haiM, unake par3hane se mAlUma hotA hai ki Apa kavitA bhI acchI kara sakate the| ApakI janma aura mRtyu kI tithiyA~ hameM mAlUma nahIM haiN| Apane gommaTasAra kI TIkA vi0 saM0 1818 meM pUrNa kI hai aura bhApake puruSArthasidpyupAya kA zeSa bhAga daulatarAmajI ne saM0 827 meM samApta kiyA hai arthAt isase varSa do varSa pahale

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saMkSipta itihAsa 287 ApakA svargavAsa ho cukA hogA aura yadi ApakI mRtyu 32-33 varSa kI avasthA meM huI ho to ApakA janma vi0 saM0 1793 ke lagamaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhApakI likhI huI eka dharmamarmapUrNa ciTThI bhI hai jo Apane mulatAna ke paMcoM ko likhI thii| yaha eka choTI-moTI pustaka ke tulya hai| chapa cukI hai| gommaTasAravacanikA bhI kalakatte se prakAzita ho cukI hai| 'mokSamArgaprakAzaka' kI pUrti kA udyoga sva0 0 zItalaprasAdajI ne usakA dUsarA khaNDa likhakara kiyA thaa| nissandeha ToDaramalajI kRta mokSamArgaprakAzaka eka advitIya racanA hai| usakI nirmANa zailI vaijJAnika DhaMga kI hai / yaha punaH prakAza meM AnA caahiye| ___ zrIyuta paM0 parameSThIdAsajI nyAyatIrtha ne likhA hai ki "zrImAna paNDitapravara ToDaramalajI 19 vIM zatAbdi ke una pratibhAzAlI vidvAnoM meM se the jina para jaina-samAja hI nahIM, sArA bhAratIya samAja gaurava kA anubhava kara sakatA hai| 18 vIM zatAbdi ke anta meM vA 19 vIM ke prAraMbha meM unakA zubha janma DhUMDhAradeza ke savAI jayapura nagara meM hubhA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma jogIdAsa thaa| de digambara jainadharma ke dhAraka prakANDa paNDita the| 'yapi paM0 ToDaramalajI ke samaya apane yA anya matoM ke prantha itane sulabha nahIM the jitane ki Aja haiM, phira bhI unhoMne apanI mAtra 28 varSa kI atyalpa Ayu meM unheM prApta karake adhyayana-manana kiyA aura sAtha hI itanA likhA jitanA satata 50 varSa meM bhI likhA jAnA azakya-sA pratIta hotA hai| Aja hama jaba 28 varSa kI Ayu meM apanA sAdhAraNa adhyayana hI samApta nahIM kara pAte, taka paM0 R .sA. iti* pR. 3-74

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[hindI jaina sAhila kA TokharamAjI itanI alpAvasthA meM yaha amara racanAyeM karake paralokavAsI ho gaye the| '. "0 ToDaramalajI kA adhyayana to gambhIra thA, sAtha hI ve vyAkhyAnacatura aura vAdavivAdapaTu bhI the| unakI vidvattA kA prabhAva rAjya para bhI par3A thaa| isalie unheM rAjasabhA meM acchA sthAna prApta thA / unakA prakhara pANDitya rAjya kI vidvatpariSad ke paNDitoM ko akharane lagA aura ve kaI bAra parAjita hone se una para dveSabhAva rakhane lage / kahA jAtA hai ki isa dveSa kA itanA bhayaMkara pariNAma huA ki jJAna ke ugate hue sUrya ko alpakAla meM hI asta ho jAnA pdd'aa|" ( rahasyapUrNa ciTThI kI bhUmikA, pR0 9-10) / paM0 ToDaramalajI kI AdhyAtmika racanA kA svAda lIjiye "maMgalamaya maMgalakaraNa, vItarAga vijJAna / namahu~ tAhi jAteM bhaye, bharahaMtAdi mahAna // " "maiM mAtama bhara pudgalaskaMdha / milika bhayo paraspara baMdha / so asamAna jAti paryAya / upajo mAnuSa nAma kahAya // 38 // " paMDita jI kI gadya-racanA kitanI suMdara aura sudhAravAda ko liye hue thI, yaha bhI dekhiye___ "gotrakarma ke udaya se nIca U~ca kula viSa upajai hai| tahA~ U~ca kula viSa upajaiM Apako U~cA mAna hai ara nIca kula viSa upajaiM Apako mAcA mAneM haiM / so kula palaTane kA upAya to yA bhAsai maahiiN| tAteM jaisA kula pAyA taisA hI kula virSe Apa mAna hai| so kula apekSA ApakauM U~cA nIcA mAnanA ama hai| U~cA kula kA koI niMdya kArya karai to vaha nIcA hoi jAya, ara nIcA kula viSa koI zlAghya kArya karai tau vaha U~cA hoi jAya / " mokSamArgaprakAzaka pR0 90 /

Page #208
disa itihAsa ] 186 kahA jAtA hai ki dIvAna amaracaMdrajI ke kAraNa paMDitajI ko rAjya meM eka sammAnanIya pada prApta huA thA / isa rAjakarmacArI ke pada se unhoMne rAjA aura prajA donoM ko hitakara aneka kArya kiye / nisla deha ToDaramalajI kA nAma jainasAhitya meM amara hai / jayacandrajI ko premIjI isa zatAbdi ke lekhakoM meM dUsare nambara para biThAte haiM / vaha bhI jayapura ke rahane vAle the aura chAvar3A gotrI khaMDelavAla the| unhoMne nimnalikhita pranthoM kI bhASAvacanikAyeM likhI haiM 1. sarvArthasiddhi (1861 ), 2. parIkSAmukha ( nyAyazAstra ) (1863), 3. dravyasaMgraha (1863), 4. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA / ( 1866 ), 5. AtmakhyAtisamayasAra ( 1864 ), 6. devAgama ( nyAya), (1886), 7. aSTapAhuDa (1867), 8. jJAnArNava (1869), 9. bhaktAmara caritra (1870 ), 10. sAmAyikapATha, 11. candraprabhakAvya ke dvitIya sarga kA nyAyabhAga, 12. mataMsamuccaya (nyAya), 13. patraparIkSA ( nyAya ) | kaThina 2 pranthoM ke haiN| ye saba anuvAda saMskRta-prAkRta ke inameM pA~ca to kevala nyAya viSaya ke haiM, avazeSa sAttvika graMtha haiM / 'bhaktAmaracaritra' kevala eka kathAgrantha hai / inake atirikta jayacaMdrajI ke race hue acche 2 pada aura vinatiyA~ bhI milatI haiM / 'dravyasaMgraha' kA padyAnuvAda bhI unhoMne kiyA thaa| inakI likhI huI eka chaMdabaddha ciTThI premIjI ne prakAzita kI thii| vaha saM0 1870 kI likhI huI hai| usakA namUnA yaha hai * hi0 jai0 sA0 i0 pR0 73-74 /

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA "dhara patra mitra ko prIti dhari, par3heM rIti yaha sajanA / taba milane ke sama hoya sukha, sudhA payonidhi majanA // jaise vRndAvana mAMhi nArAyana keli karI, taise 'vRndAvana' mitra kere hai bnaarsii| vaMzarIti rAgaraMga tAla tAla Aye gaye, mAna ThAna Ani Ani dharegA banArasI // kuMjagalI Apana meM paNya dharai aMbara ko, __aMganA ko artha leya deta yoM banArasI / hara karma rAkSasa ko, nikaTa na Ana deta, saMtani soM prIti jAkI aisA bhAvanArasI // " mitra ke lie zAzvatAnandadAyI zivaramaNI vara lene kI kAmanA bhI kyA khUba hai__"anubhau kari Atamazuddha gho| taji baMdha vibhAva niciMta rho| jina AgamasAra suzIza dhro| ziva kAmini pAvani vegi varau // " jayacaMdrajI kI gadyazailI bhI acchI hai| unake kaI grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| vRndAvanajI isa zatAbdi ke sarvazreSTha jainakavi haiN| unakA janma zAhAbAda jile ke bArA nAmaka grAma meM saM0 1848 ko huA thaa| vaha goyala gotrI agravAla the| unake pitA kA nAma dharmacandajI thA / jaba kavi 12 varSa ke the taba vaha saM0 1860 meM apane pitA ke sAtha banArasa meM A rahe the| vahA~ usa samaya zrI kAzInAthajI Adi vidvajjanoM kI satsaMgati kA lAbha vRndAvanajI hi. jai0 sA0 i0, pR0 73-75 /

Page #210
saMkSipta itihAsa.] 161 ko prApta huA thaa| kavivara kAzI meM bAbarazahIda kI galI meM rahate the| ugake vaMzaja aba taka ArA meM maujUda haiN| kavivara ke jyeSTha putra bAbU ajitadAsa kI sasurAla ArA meM thI aura vaha vahA~ hI rahane lage the| apane pitA kI taraha vaha bhI kavi the| kavivara ne 'chandazataka' kI racanA unhIM ke lie kI thii| kavivara kI icchA thI ki tulasIkRta 'rAmAyaNa' ke sadRza eka jaina rAmAyaNa banAI jAve, to saMsAra kA bahuta upakAra ho, parantu unakI yaha icchA pUrNa nahIM huii| nidAna antima sA~sa lete hue apane putra se kavivara ne kahA ki vaha unakI isa icchA ko pUrNa kreN| yogya putra ne yahI kiyaa| unhoMne 'jaina rAmAyaNa' racI, paraMtu unhoMne usake 71 sarga hI pUrNa kara pAye the ki vaha asamaya meM hI kAlakavalita ho gaye ! isa taraha kavivara kI icchA pUrNa na huI / vaha adhUrI rAmAyaNa bhI aprakAzita hai / bAbU haridAsajI usakI pUrti karanA cAhate the, paraMtu vaha usameM saphala hue yA nahIM, yaha ajJAta hai| kavivara kI mAtA kA nAma sitAbI thA aura unakI patnI kA rukmaNI thaa| rukmaNI eka dharmaparAyaNa aura pativratA ramaNI thiiN| vaha likhanA par3hanA bhI acchI taraha jAnatI thiiN| kavivara ne nimnalikhita chanda unhIM ko lakSya karake racA aisA pratIta hotA hai "pramadA pravIna vratalIna pAvanI / dir3ha zIlapAli kula rIti rAkhinI // jala anna zodhi munidAnadAyinI / vaha dhanya nAri mRdumaMjubhASinI // "

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162 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA vRndAvanajI kI sasurAla bhI kAzI meM thii| usa samaya prajA kI nijI TakasAleM thIM, jinameM sikke DhAle jAte the / kavivara kI sasurAla meM bhI eka TakasAla thii| eka dina jaba vaha vahA~ the, taba eka kirAnI aMgreja TakasAla dekhane AyA, parantu kavivara ne use TakasAla nahIM dikhAI / aMgreja lauTa gyaa| vRndAvanajI sarakArI khajA~cI ho gye| vahI aMgreja vahA~ kalakTara hokara aayaa| Ate hI usane kavivara ko pahacAna liyaa| vaha daNDa dene ko tula par3A / haThAt usane kavivara ko tIna mAsa kA kArAvAsa bola diyaa| kArAvAsa meM kavivara ne 'ho dInabandhu zrIpati karuNAnidhAnajI' zIrSaka vAlI kavitA rcii| eka roja kalakTara ne bhI unheM yaha kavitA par3hate aura A~sU bahAte dekhA / vaha prabhAvita huA / usane kavitA kA artha samajhA aura kavivara ko mukta kara diyaa| isIlie yaha kavitA saGkaTamocana nAma se prasiddha hai| isakA pracAra bhI khUba hai| isameM bhaktivAda kA pUrNa citraNa haivItarAgavijJAnatA kA sthAna isameM bhakti-rasa ne le liyA hai| premIjI ne likhA hai ki "vRndAvanajI svAmAvika kavi the| unheM jo kavitvazakti prApta huI thI, unameM jo kavipratibhA thI, usakA upArjana pustakoM athavA kisI ke upadeza dvArA nahIM huA thA, kintu vaha pUrva janma ke saMskAra se prApta huI thii| unakI kavitA meM svAbhAvikatA aura saralatA bahuta hai| zRMgArarasakI kavitA karane kI ora bhI unakI kabhI pravRtti nahIM huii| jisa rasa ke pAna karane se jarAmaraNarUpa dukha adhika nahIM satAte haiM aura jisase saMsAra prAyaH vimukha ho rahA hai, usa adhyAtma tathA bhaktirasa ke maMthana karane meM hI kavivara kI lekhanI DUbI rahI hai|"

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] 163 kavivara kA racA huA mukhya grantha 'pravacanasAra TIkA hai| yaha prAkRta grantha kA padyAnuvAda hai / ise sarvazreSTha banAne ke liye unhoMne tIna bAra parizrama kiyA thA / yathA - "taba chanda racI pUrana karI, cita na rucI taba puni ravI / soUna rucI taba aba racI, anekAnta rasa sauM macI // " 1 ) dUsarA grantha 'caturviMzati jina pUjA pATha aura tIsarA 'tIsa caubisI pUjApATha' hai / caubIsa pUjApATha kA pracAra atyadhika hai / vaha kaI bAra prakAzita ho cukA hai| usameM 24 torthaGkaroM kI pUjAyeM haiM / zabdAlaGkAra anuprAsa, yamaka Adi kI inameM bharamAra hai; para bhAva kI ora utanA dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA, jitanA zabdoM kI ora diyA gayA hai / tIsarA grantha 'chanda zataka' hai, jo atyanta sundara racanA hai / vidyArthiyoM ke liye isase acchA aura sarala chandazAstra zAyada hI dUsarA hogaa| premIjI ne to likhA hai ki 'hindI sAhitya sammelana' kI prathamA parIkSA meM yaha pAThya pustaka banane ke yogya hai / ' saMskRta ke vRttaratnAkara Adi granthoM kI nAI pratyeka chanda ke lakSaNa aura nAma Adi usI chanda meM diye haiM aura pratyeka chanda meM acchI-acchI nirdoSa zikSAye bharA huI hai| eka udAharaNa "catura nagana muni darasata, bhagata umaga Dara sarasata / nuti thuti kari mana harasata, tarala nayana jala barasata // " ise kavivara ne saM0 1898 meM kevala 15 dina meM racA thA / zrI jamanAlAlajI vizArada vardhA isako prakAzita karane vAle haiM / vaise 'vRndAvana vilAsa' meM eka bAra yaha chapa cukA hai / 13

Page #213
[hindI jaina sAhitya kA cauthA anya kavivara kI tamAma phuTakara kavitAoM kA saMgraha 'vRndAvana vilAsa' hai, jo eka bAra chapa cukA hai| 'arhanta pAsA kevalI' bhI unakA racA huA hai / 'vRndAvana vilAsa' kI racanAoM kA namUnA dekhiye "jo apano hita cAhata hai jiya, to yaha sIkha hiye avdhaaro| karmaja bhAva tajo sabahI nija, Atamako anubhau rasa gaaro|| zrI jimacaMda soM neha karo mita, AnaMda kaMda dazA vistaaro| mUda lakhai nahiM gUDha kathA yaha, gokula gA~va ko pair3oM hI nyAro // " eka pada bhI dekhiye"hamArI beriyoM kAhe karata abAra jI // Teka // iha darabAra dIna para karunA, hota sadA cali AI jI // hamArI0 // merI viyA viloki ramApati, kAhe sudhi visarAI jI // 2 // maiM to carana kamalako kiMkara, cAhU~ pada sevakAI jI // 3 // he prANanAtha tajo nahiM kabahU~, tumasolagana lagAI jI // 4 // .. apano virada nivAho dayAnidhi, dai sukha vRnda bar3AI jI // 5 // " banArasIdAsajI kA racA huA 'bhaviSyadatta caritra' paJcAyatI mandira dillI meM maujUda hai| vaha saM0 1899 kA lipi kiyA huA hai| udAharaNa "pakSa parama guru kI namauM, parama hiye dhara bhAva / bhavasadatta jasa vistarauM, sArada karauM pasAva // X jiya bhavasadata saMjama liyA, upajyA suraha milANa / phira niravAMNoM pada lahyA, bAvIsa sandhi supramANa // 4 // " kavi kA nAma lipi kartA paNDita jamanAdAsa ne likhA hai|

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saMkSipta itihAsa] dharmadAsajI kRta 'iSTopadeza TIkA'kI jaina siddhAnta bhavanadhArA meM adhUrI prati hai / maMgalA caraNa se unakA nAma spaSTa hai "pUjyapAda munirAja jI, rajyo pATha suSadAya / dharmadAsa vaMdana karai, antara ghaTameM jAya // " akhayarAjajI kI racI huI 'viSApahAra stotra TIkA' ukta bhavana meM hai / lekhaka ne kevala apanA nAma hI dhvanita kiyA hai "stotra ju viSApahAra, bhUla cUka kachu vAkya hii| jJAtA lehu sa~vAra, aSairAja arajaita ima // " vihArIlAlajI kRta 'yazodhara caritra' ukta bhavana meM hai| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai / kavi ne kevala apanA nAma anta meM likhA hai "rAya jasodhara carita yaha, pUrana bhayo visaal| hirade haraSa bahu dhArike, liSI bihArIlAla // " jJAnAnanda zrAvakAcAra kI eka prati ArA ke ukta bhavana meM saM0 1858 kI lipi kI huI hai| yaha gRhasthAcAra kI eka svatantra racanA hai aura usa samaya kI sAmAjika sthiti kI paricAyaka hai| racayitA kA nAma nahIM diyA hai / yaha chapa bhI cukA hai| cetanakavi ne saM0 1853 meM 'adhyAtmabArahakhar3I' nAmaka racanA racI thI, jisakI eka prati 'jaina siddhAntabhavana' ArA meM hai| kavitA acchI aura upadezapUrNa hai| udAharaNa dekhiye "garaba na kIjai prANiyAM, tana dhana jobana pAya / Akhira e thira nA rahai, thita pUre saba jAya // 25 // gAvai rahiyai dharama maiM, karama na Avai koya / anahonI honI nahIM. honI .INDIALI

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA gira para car3hate jAyaka,. jihAM tIratha tihAM jAMhi / tero prabhu tujha pAsa hai, mai tujha sUjhata nAhi // 27 // .geha chor3a dhana meM gaye, sare na eko kAma / AsA tisanA nA miTI, kaisaiM milihaiM rAma // 31 // gore gore gAta para, kAhe karata gumAna / e to kala uDi jAhirge, dhUvAM dhavalara jAna // 33 // ghAta vacana nahiM boliyai, lAgai doSa apAra / komalatA meM guna bahU, sabakoM lAgeM pyAra // 38 // saMvat aThAra treparne, sukala tIja guruvAra / jeTha mAsa ko gyAna iha, cetana kiyo vicAra // 435 // gyAnabIna jAnauM nahIM, mana meM uThI trNg| dhAma dhyAna ke kArane, cetana race sucaMga // 437 // yati jJAnacaMdrajI udayapura rAjya ke mAMDalagar3ha meM rahate the| rAjasthAna ke itihAsa ke jJAtA aura saMgrahakartA the| rAjasthAna kA itihAsa likhane meM karnala TaoNDa ko inhoMne bahuta sahAyatA dI tho / TaoNDa sA0 inheM apanA guru mAnate the| yaha acche kavi the| inakI racI huI phuTakara kavitAe~ milatI haiN| mizrabandhuoM ne inakA padya racanAkAla saM0 1840 meM likhA hai| (hi0 0 sA0 i0, pR076)

Page #216
saMkSipta itihAsa] 16. budhajana kA pUrA nAma viradhIcandajI thaa| vaha jayapura ke rahanevAle khaMDelavAla jainI the| unake race hue cAra padyapranya upa. labdha haiN| (1) tattvArthabodha, ( 1871), (2) budhajanasatasaI, (1881), (3) paMcAstikAya ( 1891 ) aura (4) budhajana vilAsa (1892) inakI kavitA meM mAravAr3Ipana hai| paraMtu 'budhajanasatasaI' kI racanA aura bhASA acchI hai| zrI mANikyacaMdrajI, bI0 e0 ne isake viSaya meM likhA hai ki "isa satasaI meM cAra prakaraNa haiM (1) devAnurAgazataka, (2) subhASita nIti, (3) upadezAdhikAra aura (4) virAgabhAvanA / devAnurAgazataka meM kavi budhajanajI mahAtmA sUra aura tulasI ke rUpa meM dikhalAI die / yaha bAta budhajanajI ke dohoM meM spaSTa hai "mere avaguna jina ginau, maiM auguna ko dhAma / patita uddhAraka bhApa ho, karau patita ko kAma ||"-budhjn "prabhu mere avaguna citta na dhro| samadarzI hai nAma tihAro cAho to pAra karo ||"-suurdaas "rAma soM bar3o hai kauna, mo sauM kauna choToM // rAma soM kharo hai kauna, mo soM kauna khoTo ||"-sultii subhASitanIti para kavi ne 200 dohe likhe haiN| inase kavike apUrva anubhava aura jJAna kA patA lagatA hai| udAharaNa dekhibe "para upadeza karana nipuna te to lakhe aneka / karai samika bolai samika je hajAra meM eka // . duSTa milata hI sAdhujana, nahIM duSTa hai jAya / candana taru ko sarpa lagi viSa nahiM deta banAya // " 9 bhanekAnta, varSa 6 pR. 138-140 /

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66 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA zrI mANikyacaMdrajI ke matAnusAra 'inakI tulanA vRnda, rahIma, tulasIdAsa aura kabIra ke dohoM se pUrNatayA kI jA sakatI hai|' upadezAdhikAra meM bhI kavi ke udgAra anya kaviyoM se milate. julate haiN| dekhiye "durjana sajana hota nahiM rAkhau tIratha bAsa / melo kyoM na kapUra maiM hIMga na hoya suvAsa ||"-budhjn "nIca nicAI nahiM tajai, jo pAvai satsaMga / tulasI candana viTapa basi viSa nahIM tajata bhujaMga ||"-tulsii "kari saMcita ko ro rahai, mUrakha vilasi na khAya / mAkhI kara maMDita rahai, zahada bhIla lai jAya |"-budhjn "khAya na kharacai sUma dhana, cora sabai le jAya / pIche jyoM madhu makSikA, hAtha malai pachatAya ||"-vRnd virAga bhAvanA ke varNana meM kavi ne kamAla kiyA hai| do dohe dekhiye "ko hai suta ko hai tiyA, kAko dhana parivAra / Ake mile sarAya meM, vichureMge niradhAra // parI rahegI saMpadA, dharI rahegI kAya / chalabali kari kAhu na bace, kAla jhapaTa lai jAya // dehadhArI bacatA nahIM, soca na karie bhrAta / tana tau taji ge rAmase, rAvana kI kahA bAta // bhAyA so nAhIM rahA, dazaratha lachamana rAma / tU kaise raha jAyagA, jhUTha pApa kA dhAma // " yadyapi yaha satasaI prakAzita ho cukI hai, paraMtu pracAra meM kama bhAI hai|

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169 saMkSipta itihAsa] cainavijaya yA candravijaya ke kucha pada hamAre saMgraha ke eka guTakA (saM0 1800) meM haiN| udAharaNa "kathA samajhAI, vanitA bana AI // Teka // kahata mandodari suna piya rAvaNa, kumati kahA~ tai bhaaii| mati ke hIna buddhi ke oche, triyA harata parAI // 1 // samajhAyo samajhe nahiM prANI, azubha udai jau bhAI / caina vijaya aura bhAI bhabhISaNa, dharmasU prIta lagAI // 3 // " jinadAsa-ukta guTakA meM inakA racA huA 'suguruzataka hai "mamUM sAdhu nirgrantha guru, parama dharama hita daina / sugati karana bhavi janana*, Ananda rUpa suvaina / / - X X X pitAmaha, pitA te hamaiM, tajI 'kuliMganI prIti // gochA jAko gota hai, zrAvaga kula hai jAsa / adhyAtama zailI viSai, nAma hai jinadAsa // bhaThArA sai bAvanai caitamAsa tamalIna / somavAra ATai tahA~, zatameM saMpUraNa kIna // " yaha jayapura ke rahane vAle the| haricandajI kI katipaya racanAe~ hamAre pAsa sa0 1934 ke guTakA meM likhI huI haiN| 'paMcakalyANaka prAkRta chanda' kI bhASA hindI ke nikaTa hai, yaha dekhiye "zakka cakka maNi mukaTa vasu, cuMbita caraNa jiNesa / gambhAdika-kalANa puNa, vaNNau bhatti-vizeSa // //

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA gambha-janma-tapa NANa-puNa, mahA amiya kallANa / caubiya-sakA Aya kiya, maNa-vakAya mahANa // 2 // xxx kallANaka NigvANa yaha, thira saba par3hi dAtAra / dIjai jaNa haricanda kau lIjai apaNe sAra // 15 // " isake atirikta unhoMne saM0 1836 meM hindI meM 'paMcakalyANa-mahotsava' bhI racA thA "kalyAnaka nAyaka namo, kalpa kuruha kula kanda () / kalmaSahara kalyANa kara, budha-kula-kamala dinaMda // jinadharma prabhAvana, bhava-bhava-pArvana, jaNa haricaMda cahaMta // tIna tIna vasu caMdra ye, saMvatsara ke aMka / jeSTha sukala saptami subhaga, pUrata par3hau nisaGka // " kavi anakalAlajI jilA eTA ke antargata sambhavataH adhatiyA (sarAya aghata ) ke rahane vAle the| unake pitA kA nAma kusalacaMda thA / kAraNavaza kavi jhunakalAla sakUrAbAda (zikohAbAda ) pahuMca gaye / vahA~ atisukharAya nAmaka eka dharmAtmA seTha rahate / unhoMne kavi se 'neminAthajI ke kavitta' racane ko kahA aura unakI icchA ko zirodhArya karake kavi ne ina kavittoM ko sa0.1843 meM racA / racanA acchI hai aura tatkAlIna 'khyAloM' se sAdRzya rakhatI hai / udAharaNa dekhie "neminAthako hAtha pakari ke khar3I bhaI bhAvaja saarii| . . . . oI cIra tIra saravara ke tahA~ khar3I haiM jadunArI // .. * kavi ne apanA nivAsa sthAna 'apAtajagA likhA hai| .

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 201 bahuta vinaya dhari hAtha jori kari madhura svara gAvaM gArI // prbhu.|| kAhe ko sAra zRGgAra kare, suni tero piyA girinAra gayo rii| mUrchita hai dharanI pai girI, manu vajra chaTAkA Ani porI // sudhi budhi bisari gaI su bhaI manu tanate cetana dUra bhayo rI / sItala pavana saceta kiyo, 'mo pI kahA~' yaha nAma liyo rI // " uparyukta atisukharAyajI ke kahane se kavi munakalAla ne sa0 1844 meM 'bha0 pArzvanAthajI ke kavitta' race the, jisakI eka prati zrI paMcAyatI maMdira dillI meM hai| udAharaNa dekhie "nagara banArasa jahA~ birAjai, bahai sugaMgA gahara gaMbhIra / ujjala jala kari zobhA maMDita pare nivAre kistI vIra // kaMcana ratna jarita ati unnata sveta barana pula lasai sudhIra / bana upabana kari zobhA sobhita aru visarAma sutA ke tIra / rUpa ke raMga mAnau gaMga kI taraMga sama inda duti aMga aise jala suhAta hai| sasikI sI kirNi kidhauM meha taTa zarani kidhauM aMbarakIbhani kidhoM megha baraSAta hai hIrA sama seta ravi chabi hari leta kidhauM muktA duti deSi mana sarasAta hai| siva tiya apane pati ko siMgAra deSi karatu kaTAchu aise camara phararAta hai| mitra suati suSanai kahI, suniyai jhunakatulAla / zrI jina pArasanAtha kI, varana karo guNamAla // mokSa hetake kArane, kiyo pATha suvicAra / je bhavi jana saradhA karai, te sivapura ke pAra // 26 // " kahIM kahIM para racanA bar3I hI manohArI hai|

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA kezaudAsajI kI 'hiMDolanA' nAmaka eka racanA bar3A maMdira mainapurI ke eka guTakA meM dekhane ko milI hai, jo saM0 1817 kI DhAkA zahara kI likhI huI hai 202 " sahaja hiMDolanA jhUlata cetanarAja / jahA~ dharmma karmma saMjoga upajata, rasa subhAu bibhAu / jahA~ sumana rUpa anUpa maMdira suruci bhUmi suraMga / tahAM gyAna darasana paMdha avicala charana Ar3a abhaMga // x x X te nara vicakSaNa sadaya lakSaNa karata gyAna vilAsa / kara jori bhagata vizeSa vidhi sau namata kezaudAsa // " kavi indrajIta kA racA huA 'zrI munisuvrata purANa' dillI ke zrInayA mandira dharmapurA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM ( naM0 a7) saM0 1980 kA likhA huA vidyamAna hai| ise kavi ne mainapurI meM saM0 1845 meM racA thA / kavi ke paricayAtmaka padya ye haiM "kevala zrI jina bhakti ko, huva uchAha mana mA~ hi / tAkara yaha bhASA karo, jyoM jala zazi zizu cAhi // 233 // zrI jinendra bhUSaNa vidita, bhaTTAraka mahi mA~ hi / tinake hita upadeza soM, racyo grantha utsAha // 234 // x x x raMdhi' dviguNa zata pyAra" zara", saMvatsara gata jAna / pauSa kRSNa tithi dvaija saha, candravAra parimAna // 237 // tAdina pUro grantha huva, mainapurI ke mA~hi / par3heM suneM ura meM dhareM, so sura ramA lahAhi // 238 // da zrI jima carana kaMja, vighana harana sukhakAra / tinahI ke parabhAva vaza, rathyo grantha zubhasAra // 239 // " x

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 203 ___ kavi nirmala kI racI huI 'paMcAkhyAna' nAmaka racanA zrI paMcAyatI mandira, dillI ke zAstrabhaNDAra se hameM dekhane ko prApta huI hai| yaha saMskRta grantha kA hindI padyAnuvAda hai| nIti kA yaha sundara prantha sarvasAdhAraNopayogI hai| kavi ne na apanA kucha paricaya diyA hai aura na racanAsaMvat likhA hai| maMgalAcaraNa meM jina bhagavAn kI stuti kI hai, jisase unakA jainI honA prakaTa hai| 'paMcAkhyAna' kI yaha prati saM0 1803 kI likhI huI hai| racanA. kA namUnA dekhiye "prathama japU arihaMta, aMga dvAdaza ju bhAvadhara / gaNadhara guru saMjutta, namoM prati gaNadhara tizatara // x baMdhyA sutahi janai nahIM, vA duSa thoro jaoNNi / zaTha suta nainAM deSIyai, yau duSa nahIM samANa // 26 // saba nija thAMnika suSa lahai, saba supa samarai rAma / sahasakRta bhASA kIyau, zrAvaka nirmala nAma // 72 // paMcAkhyAna kahe pragaTa, jo jANe nara koya / rAjanIti maiM nipuNa hai, pRthvIpati so hoya // 75 // " kavi dharmapAla pAnIpata ke nivAsI the| vaha agravAla gargagotrIya zrAvaka the| unake pUrvaja bhojarAja aura pRthvIpAla tejapura meM rahate the / vahA~ se Akara vaha pAnIpata meM rahe the / taba dharmapAla ne saMvat 1899 meM 'zrutapaMcamIrAsa' racA thaa| unake guru sahasrakIrtijI the

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA "sahasakIrata guru caraNa kamala nami rAsa kiiyo| sudhe paNDIta jana mati hAsa karIyo / nava sata sai nava doha, adhika saMvata tuma jANau / mAgha mAsa ravidina paMcamI, tuma riSisuma ANau // " hamAre saMgraha ke eka guTakA meM inakA eka 'AdinAthastavana' bhI hai "vItarAga ananta atibala madana mAna vimadanaM / vasukarma-dhana-sAraMga paMDana mavivi jina paMcAnanaM // 1 // vara garbha janma tapo gunaM, duti rUr3ha prabhu padmAsanaM / padapiNDarUpa nirajojanaM, rati sukaladhyAnaniraMjanaM // 2 // dazaaSTa doSa vivarjitaM, pratihAra aSTa alaMkRtaM / jara janma marana nikaMditaM, dhanapAlakavi kritavaMditaM // 6 // " pAMDe lAlacandajI aTera ke nivAsI the| saMvat 1827 meM inhoMne 'vagaMgacaritra' bhASA kI racanA kI thii| isakI racanA meM kavi ko Agare ke zrI nathamalajI vilAlA se sahAyatA prApta huI thI, jo hIrApura meM A rahe the jahA~ pAMDe lAlacanda vidyamAna the| pAMDejI brahmasAgara ke ziSya the / paricayachanda par3hiye"desa bhadAvara sahara aTera pramAniye, tahA~ vizvabhUSana bhaTTAraka mAniye / tinake siSya prasiddha brahmasAgara sahI, agravAla baravaMsa viSa utapati lahI // 9 // yAtrA kari girinAri siparakI ati suSadAyaka , phuni Aye hiMDauna jahA~ saba zrAvaka laayk| . jinamata kau parabhAva deSi nijamana thira kInauM , mahAvIra jina carana kamalauM saranauM (lInauM) 592 //

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saMkSipta itihAsa] brahma udadhiko siSya phuni pANDe lAla ayAna / taba bhASA racanA viSa kInauM hama upayoga / pai sahAya vina hoya nahIM tabahi milyau ika joga // 15 // nandana sobhAcanda kauM nathamala ati gunavAna / gota vilAlA gagana maiM udyau canda samAna // 9 // nagara Agarau taja rahai, hIrApura maiM Aya / karata deSi isa granthakauM kInauM adhika sahAya // 97 // " isakI racanAprasaGga kA yaha kathana hai| aba dekhiye kavi tI racanAzailI / striyoM ke citraNa meM kavi likhatA hai"rUpa kI nidhAna guni pAni vara nArI jahA~, caMcala kuraMga sama locana varati haiN| unnata kaThora kuca juga paiM umaMga bharI, sundara javAharako hAra paharati haiN| lAja ke samAja pacI vidhane savAri racI, sIla bhAra liyeM aise sobhA sarasati haiN| tArA graha naSata kI mAlA vesa dharai mAnauM, meru giri siSira kI hA~sI je karati hai // 26 // " kitanA saumya saMyamavihita citraNa hai| munirAja kA varNana bhI par3ha lIjiye "zrI munivara jihiM desa viSai ati sobhA dhArata / tapa kara chIna zarIra zuddha nijarUpa vicArata / bhava bhava maiM 'agha bhAra kiye je saMcaya jaga maiN| deSata hI te dUri karata bhavijana ke chana maiM // 24 // "

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206 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA kavi meM pratibhA hai| vaha deza aura vyakti kA caritra citraNa sundara rIti se karatA hai| premIjI ne kavi lAlacanda sAMgAnerI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| sambhavataH vaha pAMDe lAlacandajI se bhinna hai| unake race hue grantha 'SaTakarmopadezaratnamAlA' ( 1818) varAMgacaritra, vimalanAtha purANa, zikharavilAsa, samyaktvakaumudI, Agamazataka aura aneka pUjAgrantha chandobaddha haiN| (hi0 0 sA0 i0, pR0 81) __ vijayakIrti bhaTTAraka nAgaura kI gaddI ke the| aura bha0 bhavanabhUSaNa ke paTTadhara ye / inhoMne saM0 1827 meM 'zreNika-caritra' chaMdobaddha racA thA aura jaba vaha saMvat 1829 meM ajamera meM the, taba unhoMne 'mahAdaMDaka' nAmaka siddhAnta grantha racA thA; yathA "vijayakIrti muni racyo sugraMtha, bhavyajIva hitakAra supaMtha // 44 // ___ gaDha ajamera suthAna zrAvaka suSa lIlA kreN| jainadharma bahu mAna, deva zAkha guru bhakti mana // " zrInayA mandira dharmapurA dillI meM isakI eka prati (u 19 kha) yatI zivacandra kRSNagar3ha kI likhI huI saM0 1838 kI hai| ' bakhatarAma zAha jayapura lazkara ke nivAsI the| inhoMne 'mithyAtvakhaMDana' aura 'buddhivilAsa' nAmaka do grantha race the| kucha pada bhI unake race hue haiN| unake putra jIvanarAma, sevArAma, khuzAlacanda aura gumAnIrAma the| jIvanarAma ne prabhukI stuti ke pada race the| inakA upanAma jagajIvana thaa| sevArAma zAha ne saM0 1858 aura 1861 ke madhya meM 'dharmopadezasaMmahA nAmaka grantha racA thaa| unake samaya meM pratApasiMha

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saMdita itihAsa] 207 rAjA kA rAjya jayapura meM thaa| jayapura meM lazkarI deharA (maMdira) ke mUlanAyaka bhagavAn neminAtha prasiddha the| "laghusuta sevArAma yaha grantha racyo bhavi sAra / padai sunai tinu puriSaka, upajata punya apAra // " isakI eka prati zrI nayA mandira dharmapurA dillI meM (naM0 U 19) hai / zAyada inhIM sevArAmajI kA racA huA 'zAntinAthapurANa' jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA meM hai| kavi ne use devagar3ha meM saM0 1834 meM racA thaa| isa samaya devagar3ha meM sAvantasiMha rAjA . kA rAjya thA aura nagara meM aneka jainI rahate the| bAsIlAlajI ne 'vairAgya zataka' kA padyAnuvAda saM0 1884 meM kiyA thA / vaha racanA kA prasaGga yoM batAte haiM "mUla granthako marama polikai, kiyau aratha giridhArI lAla / tA anusAra karI zubha bhASA, laSi maNa phuni kavi bAMsIlAla // posa sukala doyaja tithi, saMvata vikrama jAna / ThArAsai caurAsiyA, vAra gurU zubha mAna // 142 // " padyAnuvAda prAyaH dohA chanda meM hai / namUnA dekhiye "aratha saMpadA ciMtavai, AUSau nahiM joya / aMjalI maiM jala kSINa hai, taise deha samauya // 9 // re jiya jyau kala kauM karai, sohI Aji kareya / DhIla na kari yAmai jatU , nizcaya ura dhara leya // 10 // " dIpacandajI Amera (jayapura) ke rahane vAle kAzalIvAla gotrIya khaNDelavAla the| inhoMne gadya aura padya donoM meM racanA kI thii| inake race hue aneka grantha haiN| 'jJAnadarpaNa' aura 'anubhava

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA prakAza' chapa cuke haiN| inakI padyaracanA sundara aura chandobhaMga Adi doSoM se rahita haiM / gadya kA namUnA dekhiye "dravya guNa paryAya kA yathArtha anubhavanA anubhava hai| anubhava te paMca parama guru bhaye, haiM, hoMhige prasAda anubhava kA hai / .....isa zarIra mandira maiM yaha cetana dIpaka sAsatA hai| mandira tau chUTai para sAsatA ratana dIpa jyauM kA tyoM rahai / " bhUdhara mizra Agare ke samIpa zAhagaJja ke nivAsI brAhmaNa the| unake guru kA nAma raMganAtha thaa| 'puruSArthasiddhathupAya' ko par3hane se unheM jaina dharma kA zraddhAna huA thaa| isa grantha kI bhASA TIkA unhoMne sa0 1871 meM racI thI / eka anya grantha 'carcA samAdhAna' bhI inakA racA huA hai / yaha kavi bhI acche haiM / puruSArthasiddhathupAya kA maMgalAcaraNa dekhiye "namo Adi karatA puruSa, AdinAtha arahanta / dvividha dharma dAtAra dhura, mahimA atula ananta // svarga-bhUmi pAtAla-pati. japata nirantara nAma / jA prabhuke jasa haMsakau, jaga piMjara vizrAma // jAkauM sumarata surata sauM, durata durana yaha bhAya / teja phurata jyoM turata hI, timira dUra dura jAya // " paNDita lakSmIdAsajI sAMgAnera ke rahane vAle the| bhaTTAraka devendrakIrtijI unake guru the| jisa samaya viSNusiMhake putra rAjA jayasiMhajI sAMgAnera meM rAjya kara rahe the usa samaya paNDita lakSmIdAsajI ne 'yazodharacaritra' kI racanA kI thii| isa racanA ko unhoMne sakalakIrti AcArya aura kavi padmanAbha kAyastha kRta saMskRta bhASA ke 'yazodharacaritroM se sAra lekara racA thaa| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai

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206 saMkSipta itihAsa] "kuMdalitA dekhi tau manoja prabhUta mahA , saba jaga vAsI jIva je raMka kari rAkhai haiN| jAke basa bhaI bhUpa nArI rati jema kAMti , kubare pramAna saMga bhoga abhilASe haiN| bolI suna baina tabai dUsarI svabhAva setI , kAma bAna hI teM kAma aise vAkya bhASe haiN| naina tIra nAhiM hoi tau kahA karai su joI , mati pAya jIva nAnA dukha cAkhai haiM // " isakI eka prati jaina siddhAMta bhavana ArA meM hai| kiMtu isameM 107 pannA taka hI hai / antima pannA nahIM hai| isase racanA kA spaSTa saMvat ajJAta hai| dIvAna campArAmajI jayapura ke rAjyAdhikArI amAtya the| unakA racA huA 'jainacaityastava grantha' hameM jaina-siddhAntabhavana ArA se dekhane ko milA hai / yaha eka choTI-sI racanA hai, parantu hai vizeSa mhttvpuurnn| pahale isake nAma se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki isameM vividha jina caityoM kA stavana aura varNana hogA; parantu yaha bAta nahIM hai / yaha eka dharmopadezI grantha hai aura isase usa samaya kI dhArmika sthiti kA patA calatA hai / satrahavIM zatAbdi meM jisa prakAra muni brahmagulAla ne apanI 'kRpaNakathA' meM mUrti pUjA kI puSTi kI thI, usI taraha isa graMtha meM bhI mUrtipUjA kA poSaNa kiyA gayA hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki isa grantha meM tAttvika rUpa meM iSTa viSaya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai kisI kathA kA sahArA nahIM liyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki isa samaya janatA meM mUrtipUjA para UhApohAtmaka vicAra-vimarza kA bhAva jAgRta ho gayA thA-jAgRta hRdaya pASANa-pUjA se vicaka rahe the; parantu

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210 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA vaha bhUle hue the aura Adarza pUjA ko pASANapUjA samajhate the| isa bhUla se jAgRta vargako bacAne ke liye hI dIvAna campArAmajI ne isa graMtha kI racanA kI thii| unako jinapratimA meM kitanA dRr3ha vizvAsa thA, yaha unake nimnalikhita padya se spaSTa hai "mahimA zrI jina caitya kI zrI jinateM adhikaai| campArAma divAna kU satagura daI dikhaai||3|| so bhASA meM kahata hau, manameM ThAni viveka / jJAnI samajhe jJAna teM samanaya deSi aneka // // " zrI jinase jina caitya kA mahattva kyoM adhika hai ? isakA samAdhAna dIvAnajI nimnalikhita chanda meM karate haiM "zrI jina karai vihAra niti, bhava jala tAraNa heta / pIke bhavika janana kuM viraha mahA duSa deta // 16 // zrI jina bimba prabhAva juta, baseM jinAlaya nitta / viraha rahita sevaka sadA, sevA kareM sucitta // 17 // bina bole polai hie zrI jinendra ko dhyAna / karai puSTatA dharmakI sodhai samyak jJAna // 21 // bina akAra teM dhyAna kimi, karai bhavya mana lAi / siddhana hU~ te adhikatA biMba su deta viSAi // 23 // " isa prakAra kI yuktiyoM dvArA isa grantha meM mUrti pUjA kI sArthakatA spaSTa kI gaI hai| ise unhoMne Asakarana sAdhu ke hitabhAva se saMvat 1882 meM racA thaa| bhavana kI yaha pothI svayaM

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 211 dIvAnajI ne saM0 1883 meM vRndAvana ke zrI paragarAya se likhAI thii| ___ manaraMgalAlajI kannauja ke rahanevAle pallIvAla di0 jaina zrAvaka the| unake pitA kA nAma kanaujIlAlajI aura mAtA kA nAma devakI thaa| kannauja meM gopAladAsa jI eka dharmAtmA sajjana the| unake kahane se kavi ne 'caubIsa tIrthaGkara kA pATha' saM0 1857 meM racA thA / inakI kavitA acchI aura manohara hai / isake atirikta 'nemicandrikA' 'saptavyasanacaritra' aura 'saptarSipUjA' nAmaka grantha bhI inhIM ke race hue haiN| 'zikhirasammedAcalamAhAtmya' nAmaka inakI eka anya racanA hamAre saMgraha meM hai, jise unhoMne saM0 1889 meM racA thA / udAharaNa dekhiye "praNama riSabha jinadeva, ajita saMbhava abhinaMdana / sumata padama supAsa caMdaprabhu kamanikaMdana // puSpadaMta sItala zrIyAMsa vAsapuja vimalavara / jina anaMta prabhu dharma sAMta jina kuMtha araha nara // zrI mallinAtha muna suSTa vrata, nima nemI AnaMda bhara / jina mahArAja vAmA tanaya, mahAvIra kalyAnakara // 1 // sipira mahAtama deSa ke iha saradhA hama kIna / karo jAta mana lAyake, jo suSa cAhe navIna // potra hota pautra hota aura paraputra hota, dhana dhAnya sadA mAnya hota loka meM / kAmadeva rUpa hota bhUpana ko bhUpa hota, bhAnaMda ko rUpa hota devana ke thoka meM //

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212 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA ridha hota sidha hota aura hU samRddhi hota, karaNA kI vRddhi hota rahe nAhiM soka meM / kahe manaraMga sAMca jAta ke karaiyana ko, etI bAta hota sabe phalaka kI noka meM // " vRndAvana caubIsI pATha ke sAtha hI manaraMga caubIsI pATha kA khUba pracAra hai| donoM hI kaI bAra chapa cuke haiN| bhAvasauSThava jo manaraMga ke pATha meM hai vaha zabdAlaMkAra kI chaTA meM vRnda ke pATha meM chipa gayA hai / namUne ke do cAra chanda par3hiye "yuvA vaya bhaI kAma kI cAha baaddh'ii| viyogI bhaye soga kI rIti kADhI // na dekheM tumheM hA~ bhale citta se rii| prabhU meTiye dInatA Aja merI // jarA roga ne ghera ke mohi kInho, mahArAja rogI bhalo dAva lInho // jhaDyA jyoM pako pAna kAlAni le rii| prabhU meTiye dInatA Aja merI // " apane duHkhoM ko miTA kara dInatA meTanI kI kaisI suMdara prArthanA hai / 'dAva liinho|' aura 'pako pAna. kAla Ani le rI' kA prayoga kaisA sundara aura phabatA huA hai / isa chaMda meM dekhiye kavi kisa khUbI se prabhubhakti kA prasAda usa zakti kI prApti batalAtA hai, jisase kAla ko jItA jA sakatA hai "jagata kAla ko hai cabainA bnaaii| . . kachU goda lInho kachU le cabAI // gahe pAda maiM jAni rakSA kI TevA / namo jaya hameM dIjiye pAda sevA // "

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saMcita - itihAsa ] bhaktirasa kI parAkASThA isa choTe-se chaMda meM nihAriye - nihAro // " bhalo vA buro jo kachU hoM tihAro / jagannAtha de sAtha mo pai vinA sAtha tere na ekau namo jaya hameM dIjiye pAda banevA / sevA // " 213 bha0 mahAvIra kI jayamAlA - stuti meM kavi ne bhaktirasa ke sAtha vIrarasa ko bhI kisa suMdaratA se darzAyA hai, yaha bhI dekhiye "jaya sArthaka nAma suvIra namo, jaya dharmadhuraMdhara vIra namo / jaya dhyAna mahAna turI car3hake, ziva kheta liyo ati hI var3ha ke // jaya deva mahA kRta kRtya namo, jaya jIva udhArana vratya namo / jaya astra vinA saba loka jaI, mamatA tuma teM prabhU dUra gaI // 11 // ' sacamuca kavi manaraMga kI kavitA prasAdaguNa yukta hai / kavi kamalanayanajI mainapurI ke nivAsI the| vaha lekhaka ke sagotrIya yaduvaMzI bur3helavAla di0 jainI zrAvaka the / unake pitA haricaMda jI usa samaya eka acche vaidya theN| unakI ghaniSThatA usa samaya ke agragaNya jainI sAhu naMdarAmajI ke 'ruhiyA' vaMza se thI / saM0 1867 meM sAhu naMdarAma jI ke suputra sAhu dhanasiMha jI ne sammeda zikharAdi tIrthoM kA saGgha nikAlA thaa| usa saGgha meM kavi kamalanayana bhI sAtha the / unhoMne usa yAtrA kA AMkhoM dekhA sajIva varNana isa khUbI se likhA hai ki usase kavi kI varNanazailI kI vizeSatA kA paricaya hotA hai| dhanasiMhajI ke jyeSTha bhrAtA sAhu zyAmalAla jI kavi kamalanayana ke sahapAThI aura

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214 [hindI maina sAhitya kA saMskRtajJa vidvAna the / kavi ko saMskRta granthoM kA artha batA kara vaha unakI sAhitya pragati meM sahAyatA karate rahate the / kavi kamalanayanajI adhyAtmarasa ke rasika the, yaha bAta unake nimna padya se spaSTa hai"jina AtamaghaTa phUlo basanta / muni karata keli sukha ko na anta ||ttek| zuddha bhUmi darazana subhAya, jahAM jJAna-aMga-taru rahe chAya ||jin0|| jahA~ rIti-prIti saMga sumati nAri / zivaramaNi milana ko kiyo vicAra // jina // jina caraNa kamala cita vaso mora / kaheM 'kamalanayana' rati-sA~jha bhora // jina0 // " saM0 1863 meM kamalanayanajI ne 'ar3hAI dvIpa kA pATha' racakara sAhitya racanA kA zrIgaNeza kiyA pratIta hotA hai / saM0 1871 meM kavi ne mainapurI meM 'jinadattacaritra' kA padyAnuvAda racA thaa| saM0 1873 meM kavi kAraNavaza prayAga pahu~ca gaye the| vahA~ apane mitra zrI lAlajIta kI icchAnusAra unhoMne 'sahasranAmapATha' kI racanA kI thii| saM0 1854 meM unhoMne 'paMcakalyANaka pATha' racA thA aura saM0 1877 meM unhoMne 'varAGga caritra' racA thA, jo 'zrI zivacaranalAla jaina granthamAlA' meM chapa cukA hai| kavi kI racanAe~ sarala, sarvabodha aura lokopakArI haiN| isIliye hama unheM saphala kavi kaha sakate haiN| kucha udAharaNa dekhiye. "pAvasa meM gAjeM dhana dAminI damaMke jahA~ sura cApa gagana subIca dekhiyatu hai|

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saMdita itihA ___ 215 nAga siMha Adi vana jaMtu bhaya kareM jahA~ kaMpita supAdapa pavana pekhiyatu hai|| niraMtara vRSTi karaiM jalada agama nIra / 'talu tale khar3e muni tana soSiyatu haiN|" muni dhyAna ke miSase varSARtu kA kitanA sajIva citraNa kavi ne kiyA hai / grISama Rtu kA varNana bhI par3hiye "grISama kI ritu saMtApita jahA~ zilApITha pavana pracAra cAri dizA meM na jA samaiM / sUkhi gayo saravara nIra aura nadI jala mRgana ke yUtha vana daur3eM phireM pyAsa meM // jalAbhAsa deSiyatu dUriteM suthala jahA~ jAma yuga ghAma teja kareU avAsa meN| guphA tala salila sahAya chAMdi dhIra muni / giri ke ziSira yoga mAr3i baiThe tA samaiM // " kavitA sAdhAraNataH acchI hai| sadAnandajI bhUmigrAma (bhauMgAMva, jilA mainapurI ) ke nivAsI the / unake pitA kA nAma bhavAnIdAsa thaa| unhoMne totArAmajI ke liye sa0 1887 meM 'kampilAjI kI rathayAtrA' kA varNana padya meM likhA hai / kavitA sAdhAraNa hai| ____ vijayanAtha mAthura ToDe nagara ke nivAsI the| unhoMne jayapura ke dIvAna zrIjayacaMdajI ke suputra zrI kRpArAma aura zrIjJAnajI ke icchAnusAra saM0 1861 meM bha0 sakalakIrti kRta 'varddhamAnapurANa' kA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA thaa| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai| apane paricaya meM kavi ne likhA hai

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[hiMdI baina sAhila kA ....... kavijana jahA~ aneka / tinameM sAdharmI ju RSi, vijainAtha kavi yeka // 29 // bAsI ToDe nagara kau, mAthura jAti pravIna / punya udai tAsau tahA~, yahai hukama jau kIna // 30 // bhASA racyo banAya, varddhamAna purAna kI // " raMgavijaya jI tapAgaccha ke vijayAnaMdasUri samudAya ke yati the| unake guru amRtavijaya kavi the| unhoMne bahuta se AdhyAtmika aura vinatI ke pada race haiN| racanA sarala aura sarasa hai| 'vaiSNava kaviyoM ne jaise rAdhA aura kRSNa ko lakSya karake bhakti aura zRMgAra kI racanA kI hai vaise hI inhoMne bhI rAjImatI aura neminAtha ke viSaya meM bahuta se zRMgAra bhAva ke pada likhe haiN|' namUnA eka pada meM dekhiye "Avana derI yA horii| caMdamukhI rAjula sauM jaMpata, lyAuM manAya pakara barajorI / phAguna ke dina dUra nahIM aba, kahA socata tU jiya maiM bhorI // bA~ha pakara rAhA jo kahAvU, chA~ hU~ nA mukha mA~ hU~ rorii| saja sanagAra sakala jadu vanitA, abIra gulAla lei bharajhorI // nemIsara saMga khelauM khilaunA, caMga mRdaMga Dapha tAla ttkorii| haiM prabhu samudavijai ke chaunA, tU hai ugrasena kI chorI / 'raMga' bahai amRta pada dAyaka, cirajIvahu yA juga juga jorI // " saM0 1849 meM inhoMne khar3I bolI ke DhaMga kI bhASA meM eka gajala banAI jisameM ahamadAbAda nagara kA varNana hai| karpUravijaya yA cidAnanda jI saMvegI sAdhu the, para rahate the sadA apane hI mata meM masta / ve pUre yogI the| unhoMne apanA * hijai0 sA0 i0, pR. 78-76 | -

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217 saMkSita itihAsa] sAmpradAyika nAma chor3a kara abhedamArgIya 'cidAnanda' nAma rakkhA thaa| unhoMne mArmika aura anubhavapUrNa AdhyAtmika pada bahuta se race haiN| 'svarodaya' nAmaka eka nibandha sAravijJAna para likhA thA / eka pada kA namUnA dekhiye "jauM lauM tattva na sUjha par3e re| tauM lauM mUr3ha bharamavaza bhUlyo, mata mamatA gahi jagasauM lahai re // akara roga zubha kaMpa azubha lakha, bhavasAgara iNa bhA~ti maDai re| dhAna kAja jiya mUrakha khitahar3a, ukhara bhUmi ko kheta khar3e re // ucita rIta olakhA bina cetana, niza dina khoTo ghATa ghaDai re / mastaka mukuTa ucita maNi anupama, paga bhUSaNa ajJAna jar3e re // kumatA vaza mana vakra turaga jima, gahi vikalpa magA~ hiM aDaire / cidAnanda, nija rUpa magana bhayA, taba kutarka tohi nAhiM naDaire // " Tekacanda* ke race huye graMtha 'zrutasAgarI tattvArthasUtraTIkA kI vacanikA' (1837 saM0), 'sudRSTitaraMginI vacanikA' (1838), 'SaT pAhuDa vacanikA', 'kathAkoSa chandobaddha' 'budha prakAza chahaDAlA' aura aneka pUjApATha haiN| suSTi taraMginI kI TIkA sAr3he satraha hajAra zlokoM kI hai| nathamala vilAlA* bharatapura nivAsI aura rAjya ke khajAMcI the| unhoMne 'siddhAntasAra dIpaka' ( 1824 ), 'jinaguNavilAsa', 'nAgakumAra caritra' (1834), 'jIvaMdhara caritra ( 1835) aura jambUsvAmI caritra' grantha padya meM race the / kavitA sAdhAraNa hai| DAlUrAma mAdhavarAja pura nivAsI agravAla jainI the| unake * hi* jai0 sA0 i0, pR0 80-8 / /

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218 [hindI baina sAhitya kA race huve graMtha 'gurUpadeza zrAvakAcAra' chandobaddha (1867), samyaktva prakAza ( 1871 ) aura aneka pUjAyeM haiN| devIdAsa dugodaha kelagavA~ jilA jhA~sI ke rahane vAle the| unhoMne 'paramAnanda vilAsa' (1812) 'pravacana sAra cha0', 'cidvilAsa vacanikA' aura 'caubIsI pATha' race the| sevArAma rAjapUta ke race huye 'hanumacaritra' chandobaddha (1831) 'zAntinAtha purANa' aura 'bhaviSyadatta caritra' haiN| yaha devaliyA pratApagar3ha nivAsI the| bhArAmallajI* pharrukhAbAda ke rahane vAle siMghaI parazurAma ke putra the| vaha kharuuvA jainI the| unhoMne bhiMDa meM rahakara saM0 1813 meM 'cArudatta caritra' racA thA / sapta byasana caritra, dAna kathA, zIla kathA, darzana kathA, rAtribhojana kathA grantha bhI unake race huye haiN| kavitA sAdhAraNa hai; paraMtu caritra graMtha hone ke kAraNa unameM se adhikAMza chapa cuke haiM aura unakA pracAra bhI adhika hai| gulAbarAya* ne 'zikhira vilAsa' sa0 1842 meM racA thaa| thAnasiMha* kA racA huA 'subuddhi prakAza chando0' (sa. 1847) grantha hai| nandalAla chAvar3A ne 'mUlAcAra kI vacanikA' sa0 1888 meM racI thii| mannAlAla sAMgA kI -cAritra sAra vacanikA (1871) hai| yati kuzalacaMda gaNikA AdhyAtmika grantha 'jinavANIsAra' hai| yati motIcaMdajI jodhapura nareza zrI mAnasiMhajI kI sabhA ke ratnoM meM se eka the| rAjA ne unheM 'jagadguru bhaTTAraka' kA pada pradAna kiyA thA / hindI ke zreSTa kavi the| -hi. jai0 sA0 i0 pR. 80.81 / -

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saMcita itihAsa ] 219 harajasarAya + jI sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke acche kaSi the / 'sAdhu guNamAlA', 'devAdhi- devaracanA' aura 'devaracanA' nAmaka grantha unake banAye hue haiM / kSamAkalyANa pAThaka + ne saM0 1850 meM 'jIva - vicAravRtti' kI racanA kI thI / 'sAdhu pratikramaNavidhi', 'zrAvaka pratikramaNavidhi,' Adi inakI racanAyeM haiM / bakhatarAma cATasU~vAsI ne jayapura meM 'dharmabuddhi kI kathA ' ( 1800 ) aura 'mithyAtva khaNDana vacanikA' (1821 ) nAmaka grantha race the / ++ paM0 lAlacanda sAMgAnerI ne vyAnA meM SaTkamrmopadeza ratnamAlA, varAMga caritra, vimala purANa Adi grantha saM0 1818 se 1842 taka race haiN| paM0 navalarAma khaNDelavAla vasavA nivAsI ne 'varddhamAna purANa' chandabaddha ( 1829 ) racA thA / * paM0 devIdAsa khaMDelavAla basavA nivAsI ne bhelasA meM 'siddhAntasAra saMgraha vacanikA' (saM0 1844) racI thii| * paM0 sampatarAya ne+ 'jJAnasUryodaya nATaka' chaMdabaddha (1854) racA thA / . paM0 vilAsarAya iTAvA nivAsI kRta 'nayacakra vacanikA ( 1837 ) aura 'padmanaMdi pacIsI vacanikA' nAmaka grantha haiN| paM0 mannAlAla khaMDelavAla jayapura nivAsI ne dillI meM 'caritrasAra' (1871 ) grantha racA thA / * + hi0 jai0 sA0 i0 pR0 81 | + mA0 di0 jai0 graM nA0, pR06-17 |

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220 [hindI naina sAhitya kA ___paM0 nemicanda khaMDelavAla jayapura nivAsI ne kaI pUjAyeM racI haiN| paM0 manarAkhanalAla jAmasA nivAsI kRta 'zuddhAtmasAra chandabaddha' (1884) hai| paM0 harakRSNalAla hasAgar3ha vAsI ne saM0 1887 meM 'paMcakalyANaka pUjA' racI thii| paM0 naMdalAla chAvar3A aura RSabhadAsa tigotA ne milakara saM0 1888 meM 'mUlAcAra pacanikA' likhI thii| paM0 amaracanda lohAr3A ne saM0 1891 meM vIsaviharamAna pUjA Adi racI thiiN| paM0 bakhatAvaramalla dillI ke nivAsI ne 'jinadatta caritra bhASA' (1894) neminAtha purANa bhASA (1909) Adi grantha race the| ___paM0 sarvasukharAya jayapura ne 'samosaraNa pUjA' (1896) racI thii| ___ kavi bUlacaMda * kRta 'pradyumna carita' saM0 1843 kA dillI ke seTha kA kUcA vAle mandira meM hai / manasukha sAgara x ne saM0 1846 meM sonAgiri pUjA, va rakSAbandhana pUjA racI thii| trilokendra kIrti x ne saM0 1832 meM sAmAyika pATha TIkA banAI thii| kavi lAlajI xne saM0 1834 meM samavasaraNa pATha racA thaa| bhA0 hi. jai0 graM. nA. pR. 6-17 / 8 anekAnta. varSa 4 pR. 474 / x bhanekAnta, vaSa 5 pR. 565-46 //

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 221 __paM0 zivacaMdra x ne 'matakhaMDana vivAda' ( 1841) gadha meM likhA thaa| paM0 jogIdAsajI kI racI huI 'aSTamI kathA' zrI di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira dillI ke bhaNDAra meM hai, jisameM unhoMne apanA paricaya nimnaprakAra diyA hai"saba sAhana prati gaThamala sAha, tA tana sAgara kiyo bhava lAha / / pohakaradAsa putra tA taramo, nando jaba laga sasi sUra ganau / guru upadesa karI yaha kathA, jIvo cira jo idaha (?) sadA // agravAla rahai gar3ha salema, jinavANI yaha hai nita tema / suNi kahyA muNa puSvaha Asa, kathA kahI paNDita jogIdAsa // " paM0 prAgadAsa ne eka 'jambUsvAmI kI pUjA' bhASA chandobaddha racI hai, jisakI eka prati ukta mandira-bhaNDAra meM hai| kavi ne kevala apanA nAma nimnalikhita padya meM dhvanita kiyA hai "mathurA te pazcima kosa Adha, chatrI pada dvaya mahimA agAdha // 14 // vRjamaNDala meM je bhavya jIva, kAtiga vadi ratha kADhata sadIva / keU pUjita keU nRtya ThaoNni, keU gAvata vidhi sahita tAna // 15 // nisa ghosa hota utsava mahAn, pUrata bhavyana ke punya thAna / pada kamala prAga tuva dAsa hoya, nija bhaktivibhava de araja mohi||17||" kavi nayanasukhadAsajI jaina-samAja ke eka prasiddha kavi the / unake race hue padya bar3e sundara aura pratibhApUrNa hote haiN| udAharaNa dekhiye'e jinamUrati pyArI, rAga doSa vina, pAni lapi sAMta rasakI ||ttek|| trabhuvana bhUti pAya surapati ha, rASata cAha darasa kI ||e jin0|| x anekAnta varSa pR. 565-66 /

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222 [hindI maina gAhitya kA kauna kathA jagavAsI jana kI munivara nirapi haraSi caSi musakI // bhantaramAva vicAra dhAri ura, umagata sarita surasa kI ||e jin0|| mahimA adabhuta mAna gunana kI, darasana se samyaka nija basakI // nayana vilokata rahI nirantara, bAni vigAri asalakI ||e jin0||" dekhiye isa pada meM kaisI AdhyAtmika maktisaritA pravAhita hai "terohI nAmadhyAna japikari jinavara munijana pAvata sukhaghana acaladhAma / vrata-tara-zama-bodha sakala phala hota, satya bhakti mana dhArata sugunagrAma ||tero0|| saravajJa vItarAga paragaTa badabhAga, zivamagakara vAga kSarai mAjha jugajAma : lapi suni bhavijana nayana dharata mana harata bharama sArata parama kAma ||tero0||" isa pada meM kavijI prANiyoM ko saceta-sAvadhAna karane ke liye kahate haiM "kauna bheSa banAyau hai, are jiya ! mohI jJAna gamAi, nija guna rUpa vigAri // ttek| Asa bar3hAya, visAsa kIye paravAsa, liye dhana Ana diyA re, dupiyA trAsa viyAri kaun0|| pAsa lagAya nivAsa kiye gati pyAra, liye tana prAna nayAre, mariyA tAsa citAra kaun0|| 'nayana' saMbhAri vicAri hiye jinarAja diye, guna Ananda lAre, suSiyA pyAsa nivAri kaun| kavi jinodaya sUri kharataragacchIya zrI jinatilaka sarike ziSya the| unhoMne 'caturakhaNDacaupaI' nAmaka anya kI racanA kI thI, jisakI eka prati saM0 1895 ko lipi kI huI zrI di0

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223 saMcita itihAsa] jaina paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM hai| isameM haMsarAja baccharAja kI kathA kA varNana hai / bhASA meM gujarAtI-pana hai / udAharaNa dekhiye "AdIsvara Ardai karI, caubIsoM jiNa canda / sarasati mani samarauM sadA, zrI jayatilaka suriMda // 1 // punye uttama kula hudai, punya rUpa pradhAna / punya pUro AuSo, punthe buddha nidhAna // 3 // punya saba suSa sa~pajai, punya sampati hoi / rAja riddhi lIlA ghaNI, punya pAmai soi // 4 // punya apara suNajyo kathA, suNatAM acirya thAha / haMsarAja bacharAja nRpa, humA punya pamA // 5 // tasu pArTa mahimA nilo re, zrI jinatilaka sUri pasAya / moTA moTA bhUpatI re, praNameM tehanA pAya // 6 // eha prabandha suhAmaNau re, kahai zrI jinodaya sUra / bhaNauM guNe zravaNe surNe re, tasa ghara Ananda pUra // 7 // bra0 jJAnasAgarajI kASThAsata ke AcArya zrI bhUSaNa ke ziSya the| unakA racA huA 'kathAsaMgraha' nAmaka anya zrI di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM hai| isa grantha meM rakSAbandhana, labdha. vidhAnavrata, aSTAnhikA vrata Adi kI kula bIsa kathAyeM unakI racI huI haiN| racanA sAdhAraNa hai| kahIM kahIM para kavitA acchI hai / udAharaNa dekhiye "vidyAbhUSaNa guru gacchapatI, zrIbhUSaNa sUrIvara subhamatI / tA prasAda pAyo guNasAra, vaha jJAna bole manuhAra // xx

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA piNa bhaMgura saMsAra asAra, vinasata ghaTI na lAgai vAra / rAmA suta jovana bhoga, deSata deSata hota viyoga // 27 // jima evaTa tima sagalA loka, maraNa samai jaba thAvai phoka / rAjA manaciMte vairAga, vRddha paNI saMyama no lAga // 28 // saba nijaghareM suSabhara rahaiM, dharmabhAra saba nija sira sahai / nemanAtha jina parama dayAla, kevala gyAna laghu gunamAla // 8 // tamu pada bandana karavA kAja, giranAra cAlyau hari rAja / rukamaNarne depAI bhUpa, UrjayaMta gira taNau sarUpa // 9 // samavasaraNa saMjukta jinanda, harape deSata kRSNa narendra / kevala locana maMgala pUra, aSTAdaza dorSe te dUra // 10 // " paNDita chajamalajI kA racA huA 'muktAvalI rAsa' milA hai| racanA sAdhAraNa hai "paNDita chajamala rAsi kiyo muktAvali kero / bhAva sahita nava varasa karai tasu mukati vasero // 19 // padai par3hAvai bhAva sahita tisa ghara jykaaro| mana vaMchita phala pAya jagata jasa hoya apAro // 20 // " ku~vara dharmArthI ne 'bandhatribhaMgI vacanikA' sa. 1806 meM likhI thii| kavi navalazAha khaTolAgrAma ke nivAsI the| unake pitA devarAya golApUrva jainI the| unake pUrvaja bhelasI nAmaka grAma meM rahate the| jinameM saMbaI bhISamazAha ne jina maMdira banavA kara gajaratha calavAyA thaa| saM0 1825 meM kavi jI ne bha0 sakalakIrti ke saMskRta grantha se kathA lekara ke 'varddhamAnapurANa, chandobaddha kI racanA kI thii| paM0 pannAlAlajI ne likhA hai ki 'yaha kavi'

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 225 bundelakhaMDa ke kaviyoM meM atyanta zreSTha kavi the| 'vardhamAna purANa' meM mahAkAvya ke samasta lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM, isaliye yaha hindI kA eka svatantra mahAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai|' gatavarSa yaha prakAzita hokara 'jaina mitra' ke upahAra meM bAMTA gayA hai| kavitA ke udAharaNa dekhiye"jurI dou sainA karai yuddha ainA, larai subhaTaso subhaTa rasameM pracArai / lare vyAla soM vyAla rathavAna ratha sauM, tahA~ kuMtasauM kuMta kirapAna sArai // jurai jora jodhA murai naika nAhI, Tarai Apane rAya kI paija saareN| kareM mAra ghamasAna halakaMpa hotI, phirai doyameM eka nahIM koI hArai // 12 // jyoM barapA Rtu pAya nAra saritA bhai| syA raNa siMdhu samAna rakana laharai ca // kAyara bahi bahi jAMya sUra pahirata phireN| TUTa TUTa ratha kavaca Aya dharanI gireM // 125 // dhIra jina jana carana pUjata, vIra jina bhAzraya rhe| vIra neha vicAra ziva sukha, vIra dhIraja ko gh|| vora indriya agha ghanere, vIra vijayI hI shii| vIra prabhu mujha vasahu cita nita, vIra karma nabhAvahI // 226 // " zrIbakhzIrAmajI kRta 'DhUMDhiyAmatakhaMDana' (saM0 1826) kI eka prati zrIamaragranthAlaya indaura meM hai| usakA avalokana karake zrI paM0 nAthUlAlajI ne Adi antake chaMda isa prakAra lisa bhejane kI kRpA kI hai 15

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226 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA "zrI saravagya sudeva ko, mana vaca sIsa navAi / kahU~ kachu saMkSepa sau paramata khoja banAi // 1 // saMvata aThArA sai dharai, milyA sujoga samAsa hai| parakha paramata kachu sajanma na dharo sira sukharAsa hai // " isa parivartana-kAla meM gadya sAhityakA vikAsa khUba huaa| adhika adhika saMkhyA meM gadya racanAe~ racI gaI / bhASA kI apekSA ve uttarottara pariSkRta aura sundara muhAvaredAra hotI gii| vaise madhyamakAla se hI ucca koTi kA gadya sirajA jAne lagA thA; paraMtu gadya kI jo unnati isa kAla meM huI, vaha apUrva thii| satrahavIM zatAbdi se aba taka ke kucha udAharaNa dekhiye (1) "samyagdRSTI kahA so suno-saMzaya vimoha vibhrama e tIna bhAva jAmaiM nA ho so samyagdRSTI / saMzaya vimoha vibhrama kahA tAko svarUpa dRSTAnta kari dikhAyatu hai so suno|' -kavivara banArasIdAsajI / (2) "mUlakarma ATha tehanI uttara prakRti eka so aThThAvana jANivIM have ATha karma nAma kahIi chaha / pahilu jJAnAvaraNI karma // 1 // bIjau darasanAvaraNI karma 2 // " -muni vairAgya sAgara kRta AThakarmanI 108 prakRti (1719) / (1) "sUrya ke prakAza vinA aMdha puruSa saMkIrNa mArga virSe pArDa meM parai / bhara sUrya ke udaya kari pragaTa bhayA mArga vistIrNa tA virSe divya netranikA dhAraka kAhe ko pADe meM parai // " -jagadIza kRta hitopadeza bhASA vacanikA / (.) "paramAtma rAjA I pyArI suSadainI parama rANI tIMdriya vikAsa karaNIM / apanI bAni bhApa rAjA hU~ yAsoM durAva na karaina" -paramAtmA purANa, dIpacaMdakRta /

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savita itihAsa] 127 (5) "sarva jagata kI sAmagrI caitanya subhAva vinA narasya subhAva meM dhare phIkI jaise lUna binA alaunI roTI phIkI / tIso aiso gyAnI puruSa kauna hai so jJAnAmRta nai choda upAdhIka AkulatA sahita duSane bhAcarai ? kadAcita na aacrai|" -jJAnAnaMda pUrita zrAvakAcAra (1858) / (6) "jaise joga kA upAdAna joga hai vA dhaturA kA upAdAna dhaturA hai Amra kA upAdAna Amra hai arthAt dhaturA ke Ama nahIM lAge bhara Amrake dhaturA nAhI lAgai taisaihIM AtmA ke AtmA kI prAptI saMbhava hai| prazna-prApta kI prAptI koNa dRSTAMta kari saMbhavai so kho| uttarajaise kaMTha maiM motI kI mAla prApta hai ara bharamasai bhUlikari kaha ke merI motI kI mAla guma gaI-merI mokU prAptI kaise hovai|" -zrIdharmadAsakRta iSTopadeza ttiikaa| (7) "prathamAnuyoga viSe je mUla kathA hai te to jaisI hai taisI hI nirUpita haiN| ara tina viSa prasaMga pAya vyAkhyAna ho hai| so koi tau jaisAkA taisA ho hai / koI grantha kartA kA vicArakai anusAra hoya parantu prayojana anyathA na ho hai|" -zrIToDaramalajIkRta 'mokSamArgaprakAzaka' (pR0 402) / (8) "jIva karma rahita hoya tava tI Ugamana svabhAva hai, so Urva hI jaay| ara karmasahita saMsArI hai so vidizA . varjikari cAri dizA ara adhaH UI jahA~ upajanA hova tahA~ jAya hai|" -zrIjayacandrajI (saM0 1850) gadya sAhitya ke uparyukta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki isa parivartana kAla meM gadya bhASA sAhitya meM bhI vizeSa unnati huI thii| uparyukta gadya susaMskRta aura muhAvaredAra banAne kI pragati huI thii| uddharaNoM meM nimnalikhita rekhAkRita vAkyoM kA prayoga yaha siddha karatA hai ki bhASA kA jhukAva khar3I bolI kI ora hotA jA

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- - 22 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA (1) samyanhI kahA (kyA?) so suno| (2) sUrya ke prakAza vinA aMdha puruSa saMkIrNa mArga viSa pAre meM prai| (1) rAjAhU yAsauM durAva na kre| (4) sarva jagata kI sAmagrI caitanya subhAva vinA jaDatva subhAva ne dhare phIko jaise lUna vinA jalaunI roTI phIkI / (5) jaise joga kA upAdAna joga hai........'mAna hai| (6) jaisI hai taisI hI nirUpita haiN| (7) karmasahita saMsArI hai| isa prakAra parivartanakAla kI sAhitya pragati kA siMhAvalokana hameM navIna yuga ke dvAra para pahu~cA detA hai| hama dekha cuke haiM ki isa kAla meM kisa prakAra na kevala kavitA meM hI balki gadya zailI meM bhI samucita sudhAra huA-navIna yuga kI pragati ke liye isa kAla ke sAhityakAroM ne upayukta kSetra taiyAra kara diyaa| ataH isa prakaraNa ke sAtha hamAre itihAsa ke pUrva yuga kA varNana samApta hotA hai| isake uttara khaMDa meM navayuga ke sAhitya kA itihAsa liyA jAyagA, jisase udIyamAna pragati kA bodha pAThakoM ko hogaa| iti shm|

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pariziSTa

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[1] kavi rAjamalla pANDe kRta piGgAla ke uddharaNa "kara kamalA vimalA mukhavANI, jayalachI bhachI anivaannii| bhArahamalla sayA sanamAnI, kIrati sAta samuhahajANI // pAika chaMdaM NAe saMbhaNaM, bhagaNa kaNo kaNo sagaNaM / kAmiNi mohaM NAmaMtarayaM, bhUpati kittI mittI parayaM // 66 / / bhUpa samAnaM mAnaM mahiyaM, kittinidAnaM dAnaM ahiyaM / pUraNa lachI achI nilayaM, bhArahamallaM udhvItilayaM // 67 // iya siMhayaloyaNa chaMdu bhaNaM, kala solaha diyavara gaNa sagaNaM / diva deva tanaya jasu vittharie, dukhu dArida vAridhi uttarie // 68 // jagatItala dattavalayaracaraNaM, jagatI janamanavahara ghaNa karaNaM / jaga tIratha bhAraha mala cariyaM, jaga surajatIruha avatariyaM // 69 // chaMda aDillaha matta bhaNijai, caukala cAri jagaNa cavijai / caupaya cAri jama kusa lahijai, bhUpati bhArahamalla paDhijjai // 70 // kIrati muttAhala rayaNAyarU, pizuna mahIdhara bUMda bhidAyarU / saraNAgayajjanaghana saraNAyaru, bhUpati bhArahamalla divAyaru // 7 // chaMda maDilla aDilla visesai, savva payaMta bhakAra vizesa / dudala duppaya doija mukai, bhUpati dAna mahIpa camakaha // 72 // to mukha caMda mayUSa sudhArA, cakra cakora kaviMda adhArA / deva sarovara vara araviMdaM, bhUpati bhArahamalla nariMdaM // 3 // baMdhu bhaNijjai chaMdura vaNA, tiNi bhakAra payaMtaha kaNA / bhUpati bhArahamalla paDhijai, digdha daridra jalaMjali dijai // 74 // deva mahIdhara udaya caMdA, roru tamo ripuda nnikNdaa| lachi badhU kura kaMduka jehA, bhArahamalla jagajasa rehA // 75 //

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232 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA modaka cAri bhakAra Thavijasu, bhUpati bhArahamalla paDhijasu / kIrati kIrati citta dharijasu, kuMjaru puMja turaMga mallijasu // 76 // devamahIdhara sUra siromaNi, ghorukaThoha daridra tamo haNi / baMda vihaMgama naina mudAkara, bhUpati bhArahamalla divAkara // 77 // dodhaka baMdhu vizesuNa gaNA, tiNi bhakAra payaMtaha knnaa| bhArahamalla paDhaMtara ghaNA, bhAna navaNa asaMsaNa gaNA // 70 // turaMga sudhAmaya dhAma acaMbhA, bhAmini vAma vicakSaNa rNbhaa| siMdhura suMdara dAna sanehA, bhArahamalla puraMdara jehA // 79 / / chaMdu vilAsiNi bhUpa ra vaNA, solaha matta payaMtaha kaNA / caukala cAri garAu gaNijai, bhUpati bhArahamalla bhaNijai // 80 // darabAra mataMgaja gajaMtA, nizivAsara duMduhi bajaMtA / jaya joha turaMgama sajjaMtA,'................. ................... // 81 // ..........."bhArahamalla sudhAma / dharAvadhi kIrati maMgala gANa, puraMdara suMdara bhoga samANa // 82 // ghaNa ghaNa ghora manau muSa nadda, NiraMtara kaMcaNa vAri vihdd| kie jaNa cAtaka vRMda NihAla, dharAdhipa bhArahamalla kRpAla // 83 // pikavANi iya chaMdu bhaNijai, sesa dhanuharaM kaba va vijai / savva paryata ha deha dharijai, bhUpati bhArahamallu paDhijai // 84 // svAti buMda suravarSa niraMtara, saMpuTa sIpi dhamo udaraMtara / jammo mukatAhala bhArahamala, kaMThAbharaNa sirI avalIvala // 85 // iya troTaka cAri gaNA sagaNA, bhaNa bhArahamalla pratApa ghnnaa| ripu kAnaNa dAha davaggi jahAM, jaga jANi jagammaga jyoti mahA // 86 // jagatI jana pAdapa pAda taTI, kavivRMda vihaMgama aarbhttii| gharaTA baja maMju mudA pramadA, kumudAkara bhArahamalu sadA // 87 // iya paddhadi chaMdu bharNata jAu, caukala gaNa cAri payaMta raau| jaha vIya jagaNu Navi,kovi dosa, bhaNi bhArahamalla kIrati adosa // 88 // 1081 ke tIsare caraNa ke bhAge ke do caraNa lipikartA se mUla prati meM chUTa gae haiN|

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saMkSipta itihAsa ] muhiyahu acaMbhava bhAramala, tuca jasu Nimallu sItala sila / topa suna vadana ghaNasyAma diTTha, hiyadahaNa dAha salita aNi // 89 // kAliMThI chaMdA pAThijjatI vijjUmAlA cArIkaNA, bhUpatI kittI sohaMtI, NAmanA / bhUmohaMtI // 90 // sajIvammA | 233 kohA johA mattA gatA taverammA, hiMsaMtA vAjI NAcaMtA, bhArU gehA ehA kaMThA // 91 // chaMdu caMdANaNo cAri rakArayaM, tiMNi vIsAma bhUpatti bhUdhArayaM / tujjha vANImukhi lacchi kara maMDiyA, kitti pAthonidhi pAra pelaMtiyA // 92 // kokilAlAvavAlAvalIlAliyaM, maMjarI aMgaNAdAsavAsAliyaM / bhRGga saMkAra saMgIta gItAlayaM, bhUpatI kovi kaMtAvasaMtAlyaM // 63 // tiNi paMcaklA puNuvi caMdANaNo, NighaNa vIsAma jahasesa caMdANaNo / bhUpatI kitti sasibiMba dhavalaM gayA, aMbudhara aMbuNidhi avadhipAraMgayA // 94 // kaNakamaNijaTita AbharaNabhara hulliyaM, mutti makaraMdakaracaraNadalatuliyaM / gaMDayuga acha joNIja phala laMbiyA, bhUpa devadrumaM veli avalaMbiyA // 95 // jo cAritakara, jo tiNi vIsAma0, sAraMga chaMdu sirImAla ArAma0 / bhojarAjI sudhAdhAma saMkAsa, jANija bhUpatti kittI vadhUhAsa // 96 // bhUmaMDalA khaMDa chAe dharA dAna, AkhaMDalA DaMvaroddaDa saMmANa / kadiMbiNI NAda saMvAda kodaMka, bhUpati bhArU umAnAtha uccaMDa // 97 // sAraMga saMgAra rasabIra abhirAma, paMcakalAcAripaya tiNi vIsAma / sirImAla bhUpAla paDhi devakulanaMdu, dAridra dhUmadhvajaM kItti navacaMdu // 98 // vyomApagA kusumasama sujasu AcUla, karakaNaka matthai sasIbhIgu anukUla / vRSa vAhaNaM bhUti agaipriyA sAtha, bhArU vara zrApadAtA umAnAtha // 99 // paDhamapaThitiyapagaNanihaNaThavai dhaNuharo, dhavalaiya bhaNaDDU phaNipayahaca ugaivaro / NiNi hayagajavakasaavaNipatidinayaro, kanakakarakiraNajanamanatimiraghaNaharo maNi mANika mAgahu tyAga taraMgA, dhanasaMcana siSa bahu kavijana gaMgA / piya lachi janA bahu kIrati caMgA; bahu nAyaka kaisA jubvaNu vAlA // 109 // pihu khilAbahu madana visAlA, mata sauki sunAvahu mukha vANi rasAlA /

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234 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA muSa pANi rasAlA madana visAlA, jubvaNavAlA sirImAlA / piya kIrati , caMgA kavijana gaMgA, tyAga turaMgA guNa mAlA // mukha pavaiNaNa hiyA mahakuNu kahiyA, guru jana mahiyA gava laalaa| saba jagata piyArA mora bhatArA, bhArahamalla mahIpAlA // 110 // lIlAvaha chaMdu garidu NariMda, vivajiya caukala satta NihaNaM sagaNaM / Nava Nava daha cAri virai sarassarakara DaMvara cAra caraNa saghaNaM // sirImAla suriMda suNaMdaNa guNi gaNa roru NikaMdaNa jaNa saraNaM / babbaraM vaMsa akabara sAhi sanApata bhArahamala bhaNaM // 11 // ekani kahu lacchi vakasu ekani kahu vighana haraNaM, Niya paya maraNaM / ekani kahu thappini vAjiNi / hAlukiehayakuMjarahemaghaNaM,ekani kahasebalie karakarivarasajabhae anucaracariyaM / sirImAla siromaNi bhArahamalla mahIvali vikramu avatariyaM // 12 // jaNa haraNa paDhame paDhi diyavara Nava gaNa NihaNa sagaNa bhaNi sukaivare / sura bhanaya sujasu rasu suha muha buhayaNa dahavaMsu vasuNa viraha kare // vara virada avanipati saradasasi vadana Navi radi chavi kavi timira hre| giri jaThara kaThina haTha dalana nava kuliza, asaraNa jana dhana saraNa ghare // 113 // kulakamala vimala ravi mala ravi pizuna kaThina pavi / vizada sumati kavi guNa nilayaM // jasakusuma asama rasa rasika vasika vasa; kiya akabara vara dhara tilayaM // 114 // nava juvati kumuda vana sarada sasi vadana, madana sadana tana karahu kaNayaM / para puhami pragaTa bala dalabala haya gaya dhurapura sura taru sura bhanayaM // 15 // caupAI mattA caukala bhattA puNu pAyaMte hAraM / itha chaMdu gariTaM daha ar3ha puNu ghau viraI sAraM / / sirimAla: suhila bhArahamalaM, pADhijaMto raayaa| Niya vaMsiM bhUpaM kAma surUpaM, kitti NimittaM dAyA // 116 // rAMkyANi , pasiddho lachi samiddho, bhUpati bhArahamalaM / .

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saMdisa itihAsa] 235 dhammaha ubihau dANa garihau diTTho rANA ariura sallaM / vara vaMsaha babbara sAhi akabara sabbara kiya sammANaM / hiMdU turikA NAta urigANA sayA mANahi bhANaM // 117 // marahaTThA chaMdaM bhaNai phaNidaM, kala uNatIsa karIja / gaNa AihiM chakkala paMca caukkala, aMtaguru lahu dIja // viraI daha bhaTuM caraNa garidaM puNu egAraha tIja ; uvamA bhUpattI Nimmala kittI bhArahamalla bhaNIja // 11 // paDhamaM bhUpAlaM puNu siddhirimAlaM, siripura pahaNu vAsu / puNu AbUdesi guruuvaesiM sAvaya dhamma NivAsu // dhaNa dhammahaM NilayaM saMghaha tilayaM raMkA rAu suriMdu / tA vaMza paraMpara dhamma dhuraMdhara, bhArahamala gariMdu // 11 // sarada sasi visada jasavimala kiya mhiylo| jalaja mukha sukha sadaNa madana chavi ravidalo // viviha vihi vihi kiya u sarasa Nava rasamau / avanipati divijapati tanayasama rasamau // 10 // paDhamaM vivilahu aMvajiya pahu aMcau / kala dahagaNa sajidharA, bhaNa mayaNaharA / dahavasu cauddazayaM puNuvi viznumayA / caupaya cauvIsAmakarA gu : aMtidhArA // 102 // hayagaya raha dAnaM, kitti NidANaM / kAhi akabbara thappigaNe, jayalachi paNe // 103 // jagatIpati maMDaNa, roru vihaMDaNa / bhUpati bhArahamalla bhaNe, kula gagaNa naNe // 10 // udayagiri hevaM, parasura sevaM, jaNaNINAmadhyamo, prAcIvayamaya maacii| udayaM divi pUrva sahasa mayUSaM, mudita vihaMgama kavi jAcI vasudhA rAcI // kulakamala vikAsa pragaTita AsaM, pizuna kusesaya maMdachavI, ari sikhriprvii| goNara giravaMdhaM zata nRpakadhaM, bhUpati bhArahamalla ravAmahi kAma gavI // 105 //

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[ hindI- jaina sAhitya kA 236 - iya yomAvatI mattA chaMda camattA gaNa avvAyaM / gaNarAu vivajjiya sajjiya savvaM cAriu gaNaTha gaNaukkiTThAyaM // bhaNi bhAramala NariMdu puraMdara suMdara, siMdhura pagga dharA / jA mukhu diTThataha lachi gariha iDDaharidvI lachivarA // 106 // avani uvaNa, pAdapa re, vadana ravaNA paMkajare / gavaNa gajapati re, naina suraMgA sAraMga re // tanurUha caMgA morA re, bacana abhaMgA kokila re / taruNi piyArA bAlaka re, giri jaThara vidArA kulisaM re // arikula saMghArA raghupati re, hama nainahu diTThA caMdrA re / dAna gariTThA vikramu re, mukha cavai sumiTThA amRta re // 107 // nana pAdapa paMkaja gajapati sAraMga morA kokila vAla kulaM / nana kulizaM raghupati caMdA, narapati amRta kimuta sirImAla kulaM // vakasai gajarAji garIvaNivAja, avAja surAja virAjatu hai / saMghapattisiromaNi bhArahamallu, biradu bhuvapati gAjatu hai // 108 // tibhaMgI chaMda bhaNai pharNidaM, caukala kaMdaM aTTha gaNaM / guru aMti gari daha aTThadvaM, turie chaharddha Nahi jagaNaM // jima juvati camakkaM tiNi jamakkaM, caraNa avakaM varau vamaM / bhaNi bhArahamallaM ariura sallaM, NehaNavallaM sunahu kahaNiyA, kahahu bahaNiyA, mora kisa raMgA, prANa adhArA, hiyarA rakhuhu saba jagata piyArA / aMSiyA devahu guru jana mahiyA; dei saina bulAvahu mahalu na kahiyA / bhUpa samaM // 109 // bhatArA / parijana varajahu mukha ca vaina hiyA ; harigIya chaMda phaNiMda bhAmiya vIya, vahi chakkalo / gaNa paDhamatIya turiya paMcama paMca matta suyaddalo // daha chaka vArasa virahaThadda patha paryaMha aMtahi gurukare / sira bhAramalla kRpAla kula sirImAla vaMsa samuddhare // 120 // kalikAla kalapavuma virAjita diviji tara kimu avatarathau /

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237 saMkSipta itihAsa] ___ 237 NaranAtha kimu bali bhoja vikamu dukha davana bidhanA karayau // asaraNa saraNa kimu vijaya paMjara roru bhaMjanu dhaNa bhnyo| sirimAla kula pratipAla bhArahamalla vaMsu samuddhanyau // 121 // rahu chaMda matta aDasahi, puNu ika dohA ThavaU visama pAya daha paMca jAnahu / vIya caraNa vArasahi turiya pAya daha ikka mANahu, ima navapaya payeuTTa bahu // diNa diNa dAhaNa Navavalla, sirImAla vaMsuddharaNa bhUpati bhArahamalla // 122 // jAsu par3hamai vaMsa rajapUta, zrI raMka vasudhAdhipati jainadharmavara kamala dinakara; tAsu vaMsa rAkyANi, sirImAla kula dhura dhuraMdhara, tAsu paraMpara puhami jasu / kodI sahasa Navalla savA lakkha ravi uggavai, bhUpati bhArahamala // 123 / / / kuMDaliyA guhayaNa muNabu casvAlaha saumatta, dohA lakkhaNu paDhama paDhi addhaM vatthu payatta / addhaM vatthupayatta puNuvi ullAla bhaNijjai, iggAraha kala visamacaraNa soraha bhaNijjai / puNu teraha samacaraNa jamaka sama vividala laliyA, bhUpati bhArahamalla ehu lakkhaNu kuMDaliyA // 124 // mAnahu mauja samuha hada, bhArahamalla gariMdu / umagi umagi ghaNaghori jima vakasatu haya gayavRMda // vakasatu haya gayavRda, dANa dijjahi diNa avirala kAhU saSulAsI pi kAhU mukatAhala, nara mata karahu~ viSAda; bhAgu apaNo pahicANahu, yaha samudusiri mAlu ratana caudaha Nidhi sAtahu // 125 // chappaya chaMdu pharNidu paDhama payavattu bhaNijjA / puNu malAlai jutu desa bhASA virjjaa| aha chambhAsa NivAsu dosu Navi koi gnnijjaa| bhakharaDaMbara sarasa jama mukhaDasa lihajjaha // bAvaNa sau vimattaha muNahu taralaturiya, jima agamagama / kulatAraNa bhArahamalla jasu, paDhata parama rasa amiya sama // 12 //

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[ hindI jaina sAhitya kA 238 savA lAka uggavadda bhAnu taha jJAnu gaNijjai / TaMkA sahasa pacAsa sAhi bhaMDAru bharijjai // TaMkA sahasa pacAsa roja je karahi masakkati / - TaMkA sahasa pacIsa sutanusuta paracu dina prati // sirimAla vaMsa saMghAdhipati, bahuta bar3e suNiyata zravaNa | kulatAraNa bhArahamala sama, kaunu baDharo caDhiha~ kavaNa // 127 // vatthU bhaNai phaNiMdu, visamagaNa jagaNa vivajjiya / cakala paMca paryaMta kiraNa dui paya paya sajjiya // gAraha teraha viraha rahavi cauvIhaka vajaya paya / bhUpati bhAramala asama jasa rasa vasudhAmaya // 128 // koDiya paMcasukAtiliyau bahu desaNiraggala ; bharisara DiMDavAna avani TakasAra samaggala / bhU bhUdhara dara udara panita aganita dharma na saMgati ; devatanaya sirimAla sujasu bhArahamalla bhUpati // 129 // roDau chaMda phaNiMdu vuttu cauThIha sumat / paDhama hoi chaha manattabhArica gaNai guru aMtai // gAraha teraha viraha kitti cakkavaha sarUpaM / devadata naMdana dayAla bhAramala bhUpaM // 130 // iMdrarAja iMdrAvatAra jasunaMdanu dihaM / ajayarAja rAjAdhirAja saba kajja garihaM // svAmI dAsa NivAsu lachi bahu sAhi samANaM / soyaM bhArahamala hema haya kuMjara dAnaM // 131 // ullAla chaMdu aDavIha kala, tithi teraha radda patra juala / cakala riMda caukala NagaNa, caukala caukala vippakala // 132 // dillIza humAU~ sAhi suta, sAhi akkabara vara hukuma / dhaNa mANa dANa jasa vaDa vaSata, Nahi lokura bhArahamalla sama // 133 // bhAramala bhUpatI devataru avatarathau bhavanimaMDala mahAcha vi virAjai ;

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 26 sesa ke sosa kIrati jaTAjUTa dhari divijaseyara ziSAdAna rAjai / pAie bhAgu bhagavaMta nija bhAla taTha liSi vizeSyau jahA~ jituku jAnai ; koU nayanasukha uchAha koU pAta koU kusumarasaDAra koU pakka phala svAda sAjai // 13 // / mUlaNa chaMdu // sujasa rasa vasAulo, chaMdu raasaaulo| paDhama caraNa mattayA, gArahAparUyA // vidiya paya vavijjae, matadahA dijjai / caraNa cau ema bahu, mata caurarisiyamaha // puNa ullalai sarisa bhaNi, cAla mau vimattaha sayala / suja0 // kulatAraNa bhArahamalla tuva puhami sujasu dina dAna bala // 135 // pisuNa gaNa nikaMdano, deva kula naMdaNo, udita taraNi bhAlayaM / asama samara bhuvavalo, rosa dAvAnalo, saraTa dasasaraMkavaM // dhaMma raha dana, jagati, patita pAvana virada, karuNAmaya pUrita bhUri dhanu-bhArahamala sirimAla hada // 136 // raMgikAiyaM mahu bhaNijjai, cauvaNa matta gaNijai; paMdraha duidaha virai Thavijjai, bhArahamalla bhaNijjai / raMgi0 // 17 // naTabhaTa gaNaka mahAjana, haya gaya kaMcana dAtA / / bhArahamalla mahIpati kI gati, surataru thApyau vidhAtA // 138 // . isake Age jo chaMda diye gaye haiM, unakI bhASA apabhraMza ke anurUpa hai| ataH unheM apabhraMza piMgala se sambandhita. samajhanA cAhiye / udAharaNataH 139 vAM chaMda dekhiyevinAdo kaNa sayAraya sattAsu daMDaya vutta payaMmhikae / ahi chaMda jahA~ gaNaviddhi payaMmhi payAmiya dosaNa bhUsaNae // kittI bhUmaMDala piMDa akhaMDiya maMDiya DaMvara avudharAvahilaM / soe so bhArahamalla chapAla kRNa sirimAla ilA pratipAla jiy|

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[2] kucha cune hue pada / hindI-saMsAra meM sUra aura mIrA ke pada-bhajana prasiddha haiM / jaina hindI sAhitya meM bhI vaise padoM kA prabhAva nahIM hai| udAharaNa-rUpa kucha pada yahAM diye jAte haiM:kavivara banArasIdAsa jI: (1) rAga dhnaashrii| cetana ulaTI gala cale / jar3a saMgata se jar3atA vyApI nija guna sakala Tale / cetana0 Teka 1 // hitasoM viraci ThaganisoM rAce, moha pisAca jle| hasi ha~si phaMda savAri ApahI, melata Apa gale / cetana0 // 2 // Aye nikasi nigoda siMdhuse, phira tiha paMtha Tale / kaise paragaTa heraya Aga jo davI pahAra tle| cetana0 // 3 // bhUle bhavabhrama bIci banArasi tuma surajJAna bhale / dhara zubha dhyAna jJAnanaukA car3hi baiThe te nikale / cenana // 4 // (2) rAga saarNg| duvidhA kapa jaihai yA manakI / du0| kaba nijanAtha niraMjana sumirauM, taja sevA jana janakI / duvidhA0 // 1 // kaba rucisoM pI hagacAtaka, bUMda akhayapada dhanako / kaba zubha dhyAna dharauM samatA gahi, karU~ na mamatA tanakI / duvidhA0 // 2 // kaba paTa aMtara rahai nirantara, diktA suguru bacanakI / kaba sukha lahauM bheda paramAratha, miTai dhAranA dhanakI, duvidhA* // // kaba para chA~Da ho? ekAkI, liye lAlasA bnkii| aisI dazA hoya kaba merI, hauM bali bali vA chanakI / duvidhA0 // 4 // (3) rAga gaurii| bhauMdU bhAI, samunma zavada yaha merA, jo tU dekheM ina bhAkhinasauM tAmaiM kachu na terA / bhauMdU. ||1||e A~kheM bhramahosauM upajI bhramahI ke rspaagii|

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saMkSipta itihAsa] 241 jaha~ jahaM bhrama taha~ saha inako zrama , tU inahI ko rAgI / maudU bhAI // 2 // e A~kheM doDa racI cAmakI, cAmahi cAma vilovai / tAkI oTa moha nidrA juta, supana rUpa tU jobai; bhauMdU mAI // 3 // ina oNlina ko kauna bharoso, e vinaseM china mAhIM / hai inako pudgalasauM parace, tU to pudraka nAhI, maudU bhAI0 // 4 // parAdhIna bala ina A~khina ko, vinu parakAza na suujhe| so parakAza ani ravi zazi ko, tU apano kara bUjhai; bhIda bhAI // 5 // khule palaka e kachu ika dekhahiM, muMde palaka nahiM souu| kabahU~ jAhiM hohi phira kabahU~, bhrAmaka AMkheM doU; bhauMdU bhAI // 6 // aMgamakAya pAya e pragareM, nahiM thAvara ke saathii| tU to inhaiM mAna apane raga, bhayo bhIma ko hAthI bhauMdU bhAI. // // tere haga mudrita paTa aMtara, bhandharUpa tU ddole| kaito sahaja khule ve A~kheM, ke gurusaMgati kholaiM; bhauMdU bhAI, samajha zavada yaha merA // 8 // (4) rAga saarNg| hama baiThe apanI mauna sauN| dina dazake mahimAna jagatajana boli bigAreM kauna sauN| hama baiThe. // / // gaye vilAya bharamake bAdara, paramAratha-patha-pauna, sauN| aba aMtaragati bhaI hamArI, parace rAdhArIne sauN| hama baiThe // 2 // pragaTI sudhApAna kI mahimA, mana nahiM lAgai vauna sauN| china na suhAya aura rasa phIke, ruci sAhiba ke launa sauN| hama baiThe0 // 3 // rahe apAya pAya sukha saMpati, ko nikasai nija bhauna sauN| sahajamAva sadagurukI saMgati, surasa AvAgauna sauN| hama baiThe // 4 // kavivara bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsajI (5) rAga prbhaatii| kahA tanikasI Ayu pe, mUrakha tU nAcai / sAgara thiti dhara khira gaye, tU kaise bAMca / kaha // 1 // 1. svAnubhavarUpI rAdhAramana / 2. vamana /

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242 dekha supana kI saMpadA, tU mAnata ye ju narkakI ApadA, dharmakarma ko bhalo, bhaiyA Apa nihAriye, [hindI jaina sAhitya kA sAMce / AMcai | kahA0 // 2 // jara hai ko parakho maNi kAMcai 1 para soM mati mAMce / kahA* // 1 // ( 6 ) rAga rAmakalI / are yaha jamma gamAyo re, bhare haiM0 // Teka // * cUzva puNya kiye kahu~ atiho, tAteM narabhava pAyo re / deva dharama guru graMtha na parasai, bhaTaki bhaTaki bharamAyo / are0 // 1 // phira toko milite yaha durlabha, daza dRSTAnta batAyo re jo cete to ceta re 'bhaiyA', toko kahi samujhAyo re / are* // 2 // / ( 7 ) rAga kedAro / chor3i de abhimAna jiya re, chAMr3i de // Teka // kAko tU aru kauna tereM, sabahI haiM mahimAma / dekha rAjA raMka koU, thira nahIM yaha thAna / jiya re0 // 1 // jagata dekhata tori calavo, tU bhI khata bhAna / gharI palakI khabara nAhIM, kahA hoya bihAna / jiva re0 // 2 // tyAga krodha ru loma mAyA, moha madirApAna / rAga doSahi TAra antara, dUra kara ajJAna / jiya re0 // 3 // bhayo surapura deva kabahU~, kabahu~ naraka nidAna / hama karmavaza bahu nAca nAce, bhaiyA Apa pichAma / jiya re0 // 4 // ( 8 ) rAga devagaMdhAra / aba maiM chAMdayo para aMjAla, aba maiM0 // Teka // kAya anAdi moha bhrama bhArI, tajyo tAhi tatkAla / aba maiM0 //

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- sadisa itihAsa] 241 Atamarasa cAlyo maiM adbhuta, pAyo paramadayAla / aba maiM // 1 // sida samAna zuddha guNa rAjata, somarUpa suvizAla / aba maiM* // 3 // kavivara bhUdharadAsajI: (9) rAga saarNg| japi mAlA jinavara nAmakI // Teka // bhajana sudhArasasoM nahiM dhoI, so rasanA kisa kAmakI / jpi.|| sumarana sAra aura saba mithyA, paTatara dhUnA ghAmako / viSama kamAna samAna viSayasukha, kAyakothalI cAmakI / api0 // 1 // jaise citranAgake mAthe, thira mUrati citrAmakI / cita ArUr3ha karo prabhu aiseM, khola guMdI parinAmakI / japi0 // 3 // karmavairi ahinizi chala jorve, sudhi na parata palajAmakI / bhUdhara kaise banata visAra, raTanA pUrana rAmakI / japi0 // " (10) rAga dhanAsarI / zeSa sureza nareza 3 tohi, pAra na koI pAvai // Teka / / kApai napata vyoma vilasata sauM, ko tAre gina lAvai juu| zeSa. / / . kauna sujAna megha bUMdana kI, saMkhyA samumi sunAvai jU / zeSa // 1 // bhUdhara sujasa gIta saMpUrana, ganapati bhI nahiM gAvai jU / zeSa0 // 3. (11) rAga shriigiirii|| kAyA nAgari jojerI, tuma dekho catura vicAra ho| Teka jaise kulhiyA kA~cakI, jAke vinasata nAhIM bAra ho / kAyA* // .. mAMsamayI mATI gaI aru, sAnI rudhira lagAya ho| kInhoM karama kumhAra ne, jAsU kAhU kI na vasApa ho / kAyA0 // 1 // aura kathA yAkI sunauM, yAmaiM adha Uradha dazaha ho| bIva samika tahA~ thama rahI mAI, adbhuta acaraja yeha. ho / kAyA. 1. baramarita = TUTI phUTI /

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[hindI jaina sAhitya kA . yAsauM mamata nivArake, nita rahiye prabhu anukUla ho| bhUdhara aise khyAlakA bhAI, palaka bharosA bhUla ho / kAyA0 // 4 // (12) rAga soraTha bhagavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re // Teka // yaha saMsAra raina kA supanA, tana dhana vAri-babUlA re // bhagaH // 1 // isa jovana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa pUlA re ! kAsa kudAra liye sira ThADA, kyA samajhe mana phUlA re // bhaga0 // 2 // svAratha sAthai pA~ca pA~va tU, paramAratha ko lUlA re / kahu~ kaise sukha paihai prANI, kAma karai dukha mUlA re // bhaga0 // 3 // moha pizAca yAyo mati mAre, nija kara kaMdha vamUlA re / bhaja zrI rAjamatIvara bhUdhara, do duramati sira dhUlA re // bhaga* // 4 // __ (13) rAga khyAla jaga meM jIvana thorA, re ajJAnI jAgi // Teka // janama tAda taru se padai, phala saMsAro jIva / mauta mahI meM bhAya haiM, aura na Thaura sadIva // jaga meM0 // 1 // gira-sira vivalA joiyA. cahu~ dizi vAjai pauna / balata bhacaMmA mAniyA, busata acaMbhA kauna // jaga meM0 // 2 // jo china jAya sare AyU meM, nizi dina ke kAla / bodhi sake to malA, pAnI pahilI pAla // jaga meM0 // 3 // manuSa deha durlabhya hai, mati cUkai yaha dAva / bhUdhara rAjulakata hI, zaraNa sitAbI bhAva // jaga meM0 // 4 // 1. jaka / 2. pAsa kA pUrA / 3. neminAthajI / 4. dIpaka , cle| 6. nikaTa bhAve / 7. shriineminaavjii|

Page #264
disa itihAsa] kavivara cAnatarAyajI: (14) AratI maMgala bhAratI bhAtama rAma / tana maMdira mana uttama ThAma // Teka // sama rasa jala caMdana AnaMda / taMdula tarakha-sarUpa amaMda // mN.|| // samaisAra phUlana kI mAla / anubhau sukha nevaja bhari thAla // mN.||2|| dIpaka gyAna dhyAna kI dhUpa / nirmala bhAva mahA phala rUpa // maM* // 3 // suguna bhavika jana ika raMga lIna / nihacai naudhA bhagati pravIna // maM0 // 4 // dhuni satsAha su anahada gyAna / parama samAdhi nirata paradhAna / maM0 // 5 // bAhaja Asama bhAva bahAva / aMtara he paramAtama dhyAva / maM0 // 6 // sAhaba sevaka bheda miTAya / dyAnata ekameka ho jAya // maMgala0 // 7 // Sevara vRndAvanajI: kyoM na dInapara vaha dayAla, dAruna vipati haro karamAkara // kyoM0 // ho apAra udAra mahimA dhara, merI bAra kima bhaye ho kRpanatara / veda purAna bhanata guna ganadhara, jina samAna na bhAna bhavabhaya hara // kyoN0|| sahi na jAta prayatApa taralagara, he dayAla guna mAla bhAla vara / bhavika bUMda tava zarana carana tara, bhopAla pratipAla kSamAkara // kyoM. //

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246 (16) malAra [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA nizadina zrI jina mohi adhAra // Teka // jinake caranakamala ko sevata, saMkaTa kaTata apAra // niza0 // 1 // jinako vacana sudhArasa garbhita, meTata kumati vikAra // niza0 // 2 // bhava AtApa bujhAvana ko hai, mahAmegha jaladhAra // niza* // 3 // jinako bhagata sahita nita surapata, pUjata aSTa prakAra || niza0 // 4 // jimako virada vedavida varamata, dAruNa dukha haratAra || niza0 // 5 // madhika vRMda kI vidhA nivAro, apanI ora nihAra // niza0 // 6 //

Page #266
parivardhana [ yathAsthAna ina TippaNoM kA vivaraNa mUla pustaka meM juTAkara par3hanA ucita hai|] kavi dhanapAla nAmaka (pR0105)vidvAn 'bhaviSyadattacaritra' ke kartA se bhinna bhI huye haiN| unakA patA pa. paramAnanda jI ko AmerakA 'bha0 mahendrakIrti ke bhaMDAra' ko dekhate huye calA, jisakA ullekha unhoMne 'anekAnta' (varSa 7 kiraNa 7-8 pRSTha 83-84 ) meM kiyA hai / ina kavi dhanapAla kA racA huA 'bAhubalacarita' nAmaka grantha ukta bhaMDAra meM hai| vaha apabhraMza prAkRta bhASA kI racanA hai| usake patroM kI saMkhyA 270 hai| usameM bha0 AdinAtha ke suputra zrI bAhubalI svAmI kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| usakI bhASA ke viSaya meM paM0 paramAnanda jI likhate haiM ki usakI bhASA durUha mAlUma nahIM hotii| vaha hindI bhASA ke bahuta kucha vikasita rUpa ko liye huye hai| usameM dezI bhASA ke zabdoM kI bahulatA dRSTigocara hotI hai, jisase yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki vikrama kI 15 vIM zatAbdi meM hindI bhASA bahuta kucha vikAza pA gayI thii| racanA sarasa aura gaMbhIra hai aura vaha par3hane meM rucikara pratIta hotI hai / kavi ne apanA paricaya dete huye likhA hai "gujjaradesa majisa pavaTTaNu, vasai biula parahaNapura paTTaNu / vIsala eu rAu paya pAlau, kuvalayamaMDaNu sayalubamAlau / tahiM puravAra vaMsa jAyAmala, agaNiya pusyapurisa jimmalakucha / puNa huu rAyasehi miNabhattau, bhovaha gAmeM dayaguNa juttau / suhApaTa taho gaMdaNu jAyau, gurusajaNahihaM bhubhaNivikavAyaTa / "

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248 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA ___ arthAt-"gujarAta deza ke madhya meM 'palhaNapura' nAmaka eka vizAla nagara thaa| vahA~ rAjA vIsaladeva rAjA karate the,jo pRthvI ke maMDana aura sakala upamAoM se yukta the / usI nagara meM nirdoSa puravAr3a vaMza meM jisameM agaNita pUrvapuruSa ho cuke haiM 'bhovaI' nAma ke eka rAjazreSThi the jo jinamaka aura dayAguNa se yukta the|" aMtyaprazasti meM kavi ne Age batAyA hai "gujara puravAdasatilau siri suhabaseTTi guNagaNaNilau / taho maNahara chAyAgehaNiya suhahAdevI NA bhaNiya / taho uvari jAu bahu viNayajulo dhaNavAlu vi suuNAmeNa hubho| taho viNi taNumbhava viulaguNa saMtosu taha ya harirAu puNa / arthAt- "unake ( bhovaI ke) usa puravAr3a vaMza meM tilakarUpa zrI suhaveSThi huye, jinakI gRhiNI kA nAma suhar3A devI thaa| vahI dhanapAla kavi ke mAtA pitA the| dhanapAla kA janma unake udara se huA thaa| vaha vinayayukta the| unake do bhAI saMtoSa aura hararAja bhI vipula guNoM ke dhAraka the| kavi ke guru gaNi prabhAcaMdra the, jinhoMne muhammadazAha tug2alaka ke mana ko raMjita kiyA thA aura vidyAdvArA vAdiyoM kA mana bhagna kiyA thaa| (mahamaMdasAhi maNu raMjiu, vijahiM vAiya maNu bhNjiyu|) kavi dhanapAla ne guru kI AjJA se sUrIpura aura caMdavAr3a ke tIrthoM kI bandanA kI thii| apane 'bAhubalicaritra' ko kavi ne saMvat 1454 meM racakara samApta kiyA thaa| isa prantha ko unhoMne caMdravAI nagara ke prasiddha rAmazreSThi aura rAjamaMtrI sAhU vAlAdhara kI preraNA se racA thA, jo jaisavAla vaMza ke bhUSaNa the|

Page #268
saMkSita itihAsa] 246 ___ kavi ThakarasI (pR068) kRta 'kRpaNacaritra' ke atirikta unakI dUsarI racanA 'paMcendriyabola' bhI hai, jisakI eka prati nayAmaMdira dillI ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM hai| ise kavi ne saM0 1585 meM rakhA thaa| zrI pannAlAla jI ne isakI pratilipi karake bhejane ke kRpA kI hai| kavi ThakarasI gelha athavA ghevha ke suputra the, guNadhAma the aura vivekI vidvAna the| unakI yaha dUsarI racanA yadyapi choTI hai, paraMtu sundara, zikSAprada aura prasAdaguNasampanna hai| pratyeka iMndriya kI vAsanA ko usameM sundara rIti se nissAra bhora bhayAvaha citrita kiyA gayA hai| kevala sparzendriya kI viSamatA kA citraNa dekhiye "vana taruvara phala sauM phiri, paya pIvata husvacchanda / parasaNa indrI preriyo, bahu dukha saha gayanda / bahu dukhaM sahe gayando, tasu hoi gaI mati mNdo| kAgada ke kuMjara kAjai, paDi khare sakyo na bhAjai // tihiM sahI ghaNI tisa bhUkho, kavi kauna kahe tasu duukho|" niHsandeha bhUkha ke dukha ko kauna kahe ? Aja bhUkhe bhArata meM vaise aneka bhuktabhogI haiM ! bhUkha lage to sattva Tala jAya ! becArA hAthI kauna bisAta ? kintu sparza indriya kI vAsanA ne use yaha dukha bhulA diyaa| vaha vAsanA meM pha~sA aura gulAma banA, usake pairoM meM sAMkala par3I aura aMkuza ke ghAva sahe usane "bAMdhyo pAga saMkula ghAle, so kiyo masakai cAle / parasaNa prerahaM dukha pAyo, tini aMkuza ghAvA dhAyo / " hAthI pazu hai-mAnava usase zreSTha prANI hai / unameM bhI mahApuruSa aura bhI zreSTha haiN| zaGkara, rAvaNa aura kIca ka jagaprasiddha hai|

Page #269
250 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA kintu sparzanendriya kI vAsanA ne inheM khUba chkaayaa| pAThaka padiye yaha ThakarasI jI kI kAvyavANI meM "parasaNa rasa kIcaka prayo, gahi bhIma zilAtala cUrayau / parasaNa rasa rAvaNa nAmaha, vArayo laMkesura rAmaha / parasaNa rasa zaMkara rAkhyau, tiya bhAge naTa jyoM naacyo|" zaGkara se balI jaba sparzendriya kI bahAva meM baha gaye, taba becAre sAdhAraNa mAnava kI kyA bisAta hai ? kavi isI liye mumukSu ko sAvadhAna karate haiM___ "parasaNa rasa je nara pUtA, te nara sura dharNa vigUtA !" ataH indriyavAsanA meM pha~sakara jIvana naSTa na karanA upAdeya hai| kavi bhagavatIdAsa jI agravAla (pR0 101.104) ke viSaya meM zrI paM0 paramAnanda jI zAstrI ne 'anekAnta' (varSa 7 kiraNa 5-6 pRSTha 54-55) meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| paM0 jI ko Apake race huye (1) sItAsatu, (2) anekArthanAmamAlA, va (3) mRgAMkalekhAcaritra mile haiN| unase paM0 jI ko vidita huA hai ki vaha jilA ambAlA ke bur3hiyA nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI the| 'sItAsatu' kI prazasti meM unhoMne yahI likhA hai 'magara dhUlie basai bhagotI , janamabhUmi hai Asi bhgotii| bhagravAla kula baMsalagotI , paMritapada jana nirakha bhgotii|' paM0 bhagavatIdAsa jI dehalI ke bhaTTArapha guNacandra ke praziSya tathA bha0 sakalacaMdra ke ziSya bha0 mahendrasena ke ziSya the| vaha bUr3hiyA se Akara pahale yoginIpura (dehalI ) meM rahe the| mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha dehalI se jAkara kucha dina hisAra meM bhI rahe the| hisAra se vaha sahijAdapura, saMkisA aura kapisthala meM

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saMkSipta itihAsa 251 kucha samaya ke liye jAkara rahe the yA una sthAnoM se hokara vaha dillI kI ora gaye the| saMbhava hai ki vaha udAsIna zrAvaka hoM aura yatra tatra vihAra karake unhoMne jIvana bitAyA ho| unakI racanAoM meM 'sItAsatu' vistRta kRti hai, jise unhoMne saM0 1684 meM likhA thaa| mainapurI ke guTakA meM jo racanAyeM ApakI dI huI haiM, ve ina granthoM se pahale kI racI huI haiN| 'sItAsatu' meM bAraha mAsA ke maMdodarI-sItA praznottara ke rUpa meM rAvaNa aura maMdodarI kI vittavRtti kA paricaya dete huye sItA ke dRr3hatama satItva kA acchA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| paM0 paramAnaMda jI likhate haiM ki 'racanA sarala aura hRdayagrAhI hai tathA par3hane meM rucikara mAlUma hotI hai / ' dUsarI racanA 'anekArthanAmamAlA' eka padyAtmaka koSa hai, jisameM eka zabda ke aneka arthoM ko dohA chaMda meM saMgraha kiyA gayA hai| tIsarI racanA 'mRgAMkalekhA-caritra' meM caMdralekhA aura sAgaracandra ke caritra kA varNana karate hue caMdralekhA ke zIlavrata kA mahattva sthApita kiyA hai| unhoMne isa graMtha ko hisAra nagara ke bha0 barddhamAna ke maMdira meM vikrama saM0 1780 meM pUrNa kiyA thaa| kavivara banArasIdAsa jI (pR0 110-124 ) kI eka anya racanA 'jJAnasamudra' nAmaka batAyI jAtI hai| isakI eka jIrNa prati jo lagabhaga 300 varSa kI purAnI hogI kurgacittarapura (jilA AgarA) ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM paM0 bhaiyAlAla jI zAstrI ne dekhI hai| usa prati ke viSaya meM prayatna karane para bhI kucha vizeSa jJAta nahIM humA / ataH yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki yaha racanA kaisI hai aura kina kavi banArasIdAsa jI kI hai| -kAmatAprasAda jaina

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zabdAnukramaNikA (INDEX) | amaracaMdra dIvAna 185, 189 amaracandra lohArA 220 akabara bAdazAha 17, 80, 81, amatacandrajI 79 ___98, 109, 110 akalaMka svAmI 150 amRtavijaya 111 ambadeva 12,54, 5. akhayarAja 195 araba 21 agravAla 86, 11, 12, 135, ariSTanemi 27 170, 175 alaphala saradAra 157 acalakIrti ma. 91 alIgaMja 91, 99, 16, 169 bhajamera .., 206 bhajayamareza 1 avadhezanArAyaNa siMha pro. " azoka 19, 20 ajitadAsa 191 aSTamIkathA 221 ajitanAtha .6 aTera 204 aSTAhikAvata 223 aDhAI dvIpa kA pATha 210 bhaMjanAsuMdarIrAsa 108 aNihalapura 28, 57 mA atisukharAya 2.., 20. AgamagraMtha (zvetAmbarIya)" amamsakIrtimuni 89 AgarA 96, 98, 10, 105, anUparAya 155 107, 112, 13, 14, anekArthanAmamAlA 250 117, 18, 123, 125, 127, 115-116, 155, apabhraMzaprAkRtasAhitya 19 161, 166, 100, 172, amayadeva .3 175, 176, 17, 201, abhayarAja bhapravAla " 208

Page #272
253. saMkSipta itihAsa] mAThakarmanI 108 prakRti 226 / RSabhadeva 50, . bhAdikAvya (hindIkA) prApidattAcaritra 01 bhAnandakavi 30 RSirAya 135 bhAnandadhana 15 bhAnandatilaka -6 eTA 200 AbhIra 21 ela khAravela 10 bhArA 1.8, 162, 1.8, 191, 125,207, 209 AzAdhara kavi 46 osavAla 57, 131, 16, 165 bhAsakarana sAdhu 210 o ikkIsaThANA 135 indrajIta kavi 202 iSTopadezaTIkA 22. IzvarasUri 17 ujjaina 91, 12, 130 udayapurarAjya 196 udayarAja jatI 112 udayavaMta 15 uvaesamAlA kahANaya chappaya 31 usmAna 1 karachamaMDala 110 kaNayaMbara muni 90 kathAkoSa chandoba 217 kathAsaMgraha 125 kanauja 21 kapisthala ... | kabIra 58, 63, 151, 198 kamalanayamajI 215, 214 kamalakIrti 97 kamalA 92 kampilAjA kI rathayAtrA 115 kaparavijaya 311 kalakattA 10 kalpavallI 133 kalyANakIrti muni 14 | kalyANadeva 1.1 RSabhadAsa kavi 99 RSabhadAsa tigotA 210

Page #273
54 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA / kaMcanapura 101 khaTolAgrAma 22 // khataulI 105 kharagasena 112, kha. kavi 11,54 kharataragaccha 156, 222 kharauA 218 bumAnarAsA . khusaro 58 khuzAlacaMda kAlA 160, 161 khemacandra 162 kalyANasiMghaI 180 karmacama kavi 120 kAzI 191, 192 kAzInAtha 19. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAlajI 22 kASThAsaMgha 11, 13, 122 kisana siha 100 kIrtivijaya 153 kIratasiMha 9 // kutavana 63 kumArapAlacaritra 2 zilacandra 20. kuzalacandragaNi 218 iMglanagara 92 kuMdakuMdAcArya .9 kuMvaradharmArthI 220 kuvarapAla 111, 11, 12. kRpaNakathA 209 kRpaNacaritra 67, 18, 29 kRpaNajagAvanakathA 5. kRpArAma 215 kRSNacaritra 35 kRSNa tRtIya rASTrakUTa 19 kesamA 218 kesaudAsa 202 koTakAMgar3A . kosamakAkilA 95 gajasiMha 112, | gaNi kSAtiraMga.. giridhara mizra 155 girinAra 51, 11, 204 girinaMdaNa uvajhAya // giripura 1 guNacaMdramahAraka bAgaDadezIya 129 guNacandra bha. dillI 250 guNabhadra svAmI 189 guNamAlA 199, guNasAgara 1, 11, 15 guNasari 12 gurUpadevanAvAcAra | gulAbarAya 118

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255 saMkSipta itihAsa] gulAbarAya pro.. gelha 219 gokalacandra 190 gopAladAsa " gopAlasAha 86 gomatI nadI , 17, 145 gorakhapura 112 golApUrva 224 govadanadAsa 179 gautamarAsA 33, 15 gautamastotra.4 gautamasvAmI 65 gaurapadAsa 18 gaMga kavi 58 gaMgadAsa 185 gaMgAdAsa paMDita 168 gyAsuhIna bAdazAha 67 glAsanappa pro0, 3 giranaoNTa pro0 3 cAritrasAra vanikA 21 cAritrasenamuni 85 cArudattacaritra 218 cidAnandajI 2.5 cidvilAsavanikA 218 cUnahI 1 cetana kavi 195 / cetamadAsa 109 | caina vijaya (candravijaya) 199 caubIsa tIrthayArakA pATha 2 // bIsIpATha 110 caMdradharazA gulerI 22 davaradAI 22, 40 caMdavAra 91, 96 caMdrazAkhA 162 caNDakavi 19 cAMdamala seTha 181 chajamala (50) 215 ghanamala 161 chajamala (60) 21 // chatrapati kavi 12, 9. bhItara kavi 130 caturbhujajI vairAgI 11, 155 sampArAmajI 209 cATasU 182, 219 ritrasAra 219 20, nagaDAvana 1 , 11, 206 jagatarAya..

Page #275
256 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA jagatsuMdarI prayogamAlA 10,54 / | jAlora 126 jagadguru maTTAraka 118 jina 1 jagadIza 226 jinaudayaguru 66 jagAmacaMdra pro0, 01 jinaguNavilAsa 21. jagabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka 86, .1 jinacandra sUri 72, 106 jamanAdAsa 194 jinatilaka sUri 222 jamanAlAla jaina vizArada 193 jinadattacaritra 214 jambUdvIpa 20 jinadattacaritra bhASA 220 jambUsvAmI kI pUjA 220 jinadAsa 199 jambUsvAmIcaritra.2. jinadAsa pAMDe 97-98 jambUsvAmI rAmA 44, 54 jinadAsa ba. 160 jabakIrti bhaTTAraka,.. jinaraMga sUri 184 jayandra jI 189, 190 jinavANIlAra 218 jayapura 83, 182, 185, 189, jinavijayajI muni 96 197, 199, 20, 20, jinasenAcArya 104 2.9, 220, 220 jinaharSa 160 japalAla muni // jinodaya kavi 221 jayasiMha purA 150 jIvarAja 174, 182 jayasiMha rAjA 200 jIvavicAravRtti 219 jasavantajI 154 jIvasulakSaNa sannyAsamaraNa .. jasavantanagara (iTAvA) 12., jIvaMdharacaritra 21. jugulakizora jI mukhtAra 3. jasa amarasI bhosabAla jainasiddhAntabhavana 209 jahA~gIra bAdazAha 101,115,16. jainasidAntabhAskara 22 jahAnAbAda 10 jaisavAlavaMza 218 . jAphara khA~ 61 / jogIdAsa 180, 221 jAmasA 22. | jodharAja godIkA 155

Page #276
saMkSipta itihAsa ] jaunapura 112 jhunakalAla yA jhumakalAla kavi bha 227 ToDara sAhu 98 ToDenagara 215 Ta TaDANA rAsa 39 TaoNDa karnala 12, 164, 196 TApUgrAma 91, 96 Tekacanda 217 ToDaramalajI 181, 184, 189, 141, 200 Tha ThAkarasI kavi 68, 91, 249 Thakkara mAlhe 66 ThAkura kavi 14 bhoI nagara 153 DAlUrAma 217 d sIgAthAyeM 39 iMDhiyAmatakhaMDana 225 ta tapAgaccha 108, 162 talho viduSI 136 tArAcandrajI 157, 182 tulasIdAsajI 115, 117, 191 19, 198 thAnaseM 218 damatraya 20 dayAsAgara sUri 16 darzanakathA 218 dalAlajI 53, 59 257 dazaratha sAhu 146 dAdUdayAla 63 dAnakathA 218 dillI 37, 80, 82, 83, 88, 89, 91, 90, 125, 127, 131, 133, 135, 136, 157, 159, 160, 171, 176, 178, 179, 182, 184, 194, 201, 102, 203, 206, 207, 219, 220, 221 dIpacanda 226 dIpacaMda AmeravAsI 207 dIpacaMdajI pAMDhayA 70 dulIcaMda bAbAjI 86 derAhU~ 70 deva bra0 ( kesarI siMha ) 165 devadatta dIkSita 170

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258 [hindI jai sAhitya devakalaza 82, 83 devakalola ! nathamala vilAlA 201, 217 devaracanA 219 nayacakravacanikA 219 devaliyA 218 nayanasukhadAsajI 221 devasenAcArya 25, 26 naravara 182 devAdhidevaracanA 219 narasena kavi 14 devIdAsa 218 navalarAma khaMDelavAla 219 devIdAsa khaMDelavAla 219 navala zAha 224 devIprasAda (muMzI) nAgakumAracaritra 217 devIsiMha (rAjA) 168, 182 nAgaradeza 162 devendrakIrti bhaTTAraka 208 nAgendragaccha 5. daulatarAma (50)78, 180, 11, nAgora 31, 81, 201 nAthUrAmajI premI 56, 90, 12, cAnatarAyajI 175, 178, 245 11,90 nAnaka 63 dhanapAla kavi 28, 105, 247 | nAsiruddIna 6. dharmacaMda 190 nigaMTha nATaputta / dharmadattacaritra 13, 15, 66 nirguNapaMtha 12, 13 dharmadAsa 83,91,113,195 227 nirmala kavi 23 dharmapAla 203 nizibhojananiSedha 86, 8. dharmapurI 125 neNasImUtA 151, 165 dharmabuddhi kI kathA 219 nemicandra (bhAcArya).9 dharmamaMdiragaNi 185 nemicandra (60) 185 dhavala mahAkavi 2. nemicandra khaMDelavAla 220 ghAla seTha 51, 91 nemicandrikA 21, dhAmapura 155, 160 neminAtha 56, 50, 10, 126, dhIrendra parmA pro0 23 143, 20.

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256 saMkSipta itihAsa] neminAtha caupaI 54, 51 / pAsaDasUri 5. neminAthapurANa bhASA 220 ! pArzvajinavijJaptikA 73 naMdakavi 626 pArzvanAtha 77 naMdarAmajI 213 puraMdarakumAra caupaI 98 naMdalAla 170, 109 puSkaragaNa 80, 101 naMdalAla chAvar3A 218, 220 puSpadanta mahAkavi 28, 49, 52 naMdItaTagaccha 133 puSpapura 53 puSyakavi 12 puMjamaMtrI 67 padmatilaka 71 pRthvIpAla 135 padmadeva kavi 27 pRthvIrAjarAso. padmanaMdipaJcIsI vacanikA 219 pratApakIrti bha0 88 padmanAbha rAjA 92 pratApasiMha 206 (rANA) 46 padmanAbha kAyastha 208 pradyumnacaritra 220 padmasAgara 133 prabhAcaMdra bha. 129,244 padmAvatI puravAla 9. pravacanasAra chandobaddha 218 pamAlAlajI 182, 224 prAkRtabhASAye 19 pannAlAlajI agravAla 83, 133, prAgdAsa 221 249 premamArgI sUphI // paramAtmApurANa 221 premIjI 22, 36, 35, 15, 16, paramAnandajI 249, 250, 251 67,68, 90, 99, 106, paramAnandavilAsa 210 108, 10, 12, 114, 133, 154, 164, 168, parameSThIdAsajI 187 171, 1.2, 181, 189, palAr3apura 218 192, 205 pATaNa 59, 160 plega 123 pATaliputra 53 paMcakalyANaka pATha 214 pAnIpata 135, 179, 180, 203 paMcakalyANaka pUjA 220

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260 [ hindI jaina sAhitya kA paMcataMtrAkhyAna 11 | bArAgrAma 190 paMcendriya bola 249 | bAlacandra bhaTTAraka 71 / bAsIlAla 107 bAhubalacarita 117 phatehanagara 157 vihArIdAsa (paM.)175 phaphoMdU 18 | bihArIlAlajI 195 pharrukhAbAda 101, 218 bIsaviharamAnapUjA 220 phirojAbAda 91, 9. budelavAla 213 phUlacaMdajI 182 buddha (ma0) 19 budhajanajI 12, 143 (viradhIcaMda) 190-8 bakhatarAma cAMTasvAsI 219 / budhaprakAza chahaDhAlA 217 pakhatarAma 101 (zAha) 206 | bulAkIcaMda 182 bakhatAvaramalla 220 bulAkIdAsa 170-171 bakhzIrAma 225 / bUlacandra kavi 220 banavArIlAla kavi 105 brahmagulAla 91, 95, 16, 209 banArasIdAsajI mahAkavi 1, 3, brahmagupta 11 14,15,16,63,84,90, 100, 107, 10, 125, brahmasAgara 204 136, 13, 138, 139, bRhatkharataragaccha 02 111, 115, 147, 158, 226, 251 bhagatarAmajI 157 banArasIdAsajI 11. bhagavatIdAsa kavi 39,41,1.. banArasIdAsajI caturvedI,1,122 10, 102-1,21,25 // bandhatribhaMgIvanikA 224 bhagavadgItA 5 bayAnA 10 bhaTTa 109 basavA 219 bhadAvara 101, 200 bAgar3hadeza 125 mAlapura 82

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saMkSipta itihAsa] bhadrabAhurAsa 06 bharatacakrI 5. bharatapura 1.. bharatamaMtrI 49 bharatakSetra 27 bhaviSyadatta 84, 105-6, 130 bhaviSyadattacaritra 218 bhAnukIrti bha0 13 // bhAmAzAha 46 bhAramallarAjA 31,81-82, 110 bhArAmallajI 217 mAvadevasUri 98 bhAvasiMhajI 178 miMDa 218 bhISamazAha 224 bhUdharadAsajI 12, 15, 143, 172, 175, 253 bhUdhara mizra 208 bhUmigrAma 215 bhelasA 219 bhelasI 214 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa 100, 144, 261 magadhadeza 55, 5 matakhaMDanavivAda 22 // matisAgara bra037 mathurA 20, 98 mathurAmalla 96 manarAkhanalAla 220 manaraMgacaubIsIpATha 212 manaraMgalAlajI 21 manasukhasAgara 220 manoharalAlajI 153 mannAlAla sAMgA 218 malika mAphara 17 malika mu0 jAyasI 66 mallapura 128 mallibhUSaNa bha0 129 malliseThAnI 92, 94 mahAcandra kavi 35 mahAnanda gaNi 108 mahAnandadeva muni 86 mahApurANa 59 mahAvIra 6, 18, 19, 27,18,65 145, 146-15 / mahAvIrAcArya" bhairavarAjA 19 bhairodAsa 178, 183 mahimodaya upAdhyAya 184 mahuAnagara 129 mahendrakIrti 184 mahendrasUri 55 mahendrasena 250 makaranda kavi 182

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262 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA mAIdayAlajI 127 mAkhanapura 105 mADalagar3ha 199 mANikyacandajI 197 mAthuragaccha 80, 101 mAthurasaMgha 71, 84 mAdhavarAjapura 217 mAdhavasiMha nareza 182 mAnatugAcArya 16 mAnarAjA 130 mAnasiMha 214 mAnasiMha bhagavatI 183 mAnasiMha zailI 175 mAnyakheTa 49 mArudeva 98 mAlavadeza 67 mAlArohaNa 38 mAhendrasena 101, 13 mithilAnagarI 38 mithyAtvakhaNDanavAcanikA 219 mizrabandhu 22, 132, 184 muktAvalIrAsa 224 mukticandajI 162 mugalasAmrAjya 13 mugdhA 49 murAri " muhammadazAha 178, 218 muMjarAjA 100 mUtAneNasI 12 mUlacandrajI vatsala 147 mUlAcArakI vacanikA 218, 220 mUlarAja prathama 28 mRgAGkalekhAcaritra 250 meSakumAra 74 meSakumAra kathAnaka 73-74 megha vijaya upAdhyAya 112 merutuMga 33 mainapurI 26, 30, 39, 100, 136, 202, 213, 215 mojAbAda 13. motIcandra yati 218 mokSamArgaprakAzaka 227 maMgala kavi 168 maMjhana 63 / yamasAranagara 105 * yazodhara caritra 35, 67 / yazovijaya 151-153 ' yazaHkIrti muni 30 yogacandra muni 29, 39, 52, 5. yogasAra 54 mogIndradeva 182 ratana kavi 119

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saMkSima itihAsa] ratanapAla 155 rAyaracha 115 rakhakIrti 89 rAvata kharagasena 104 ranacaMdra dIvAna 11 rAbasiyAjI 165 rakhadvIpa 94 rAsAsAhitya 10 ratnasAgara 102 rihanemacariu 9 raparI 96 rukmaNI 192 raviSeNa 160 ruhiyA 21 rasakhAna " rUpacaMda 180 rahIma 198 rUpacaMda pAMDe 107.108, 13, rAI paMDita 155 rakSAbandhana 221 raMgavijayajI 216 rAjagRha 96 rAjapUta 45, 12 rAjamala kavi 31 ( pAMDe) 79, lakkhaNa kavi 30 82, 90, 119 lakhamIdAsa (paM0) 160 rAjula ( rAjamatI) 56, 50, lachA 90, 91 125, 143 landhavidhAna vrata 223 rAtribhojanakathA 218 | labdhivimala gaNi 157 rAmacaMdra zukla 22 lalitakIrti bha. 167 rAmasiMha muni 26, 52 lalitAMgacaritra 15, 67 rAmasItAcaritra 35, 80 lakSmIcandrajI ma. 129, 156 rAmasena muni 178 (zve.) 169 rAmasenAnvaya 163 lakSmIvAsa sAMgAnerI 108 rAyacanna kavi 159 lakSmIvinaya gaNi 1 rAyapura 108 lAmavaddhana 184 rAyamallajI 12, 181 chAlacanda pADe 201 rAyamallajI 0 88, 89, 90 / lAlajI 146

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264 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA chAlajI (kavi) 220 kAlapura 175 kAvaNyamuni 112 chAhaura (lAmapura )113, 154 lobhadatta seTha 92, 94 laMbecu jainI 104 | vidyAbhUSaNasUri 88 vidyAharSa sUri 108 vinayacaMdra 21, 54, 70 (bhaTTAraka) 71, 83 paradasamunIndra 91, 94 barAGgacaritra 214 219 paImAnapurANa 215, 119, 224. 125 pasupatirAjA 91 pANArasa38 pAlAdhara 248 vikramanagara 106 vijayakIrti 125, 206 vijayadevasUri 115 / vijayanAtha mAthura 215 vijayapatigaccha 133 vijayabhada 65 vijayarAya 39 vijayAnanda sUri 216 vijairAma 169 viSNU kavi 66 vidyAkamala 132 vidyAnandi bha. 129 vinayavijaya 151 vinayasAgara muni 105 vinodIlAla 182 vimalapurANa 119 vilAsarAya 219 vivekaharSa 110 vizanasiMha 184 vizAlakIrti 125 vizvabhUSaNa bha0 166 viSNu kavi 130 viSNusiMha rAjA 208 vIracaMdra bha. 129 vIradAsa (paM0) 135, 17.5 vIrarAya rAjA 19 vIsaladeva 257 vegarAja 184 vairAgya sAgara 226 vairATipura 73 vRndAvana 141, 190-194, 255 vRndAvanacaubIsI pATha 212 | vyAnA 219

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saMkSita itihAsa] zakazAhI 20 zatakarNInareza 20 zarbujayatIrtha 12, 5. zAntinAtha 71 zAntipurANa 218 zAntisUri 67 zAradagaccha 89 zAsanalekha 12 zAhagaMja 208 zAhajahAnAbAda 161 zAhaz2AdA salIma 112 zAhanUradI 157 zAhAbAda 190 zikhirajI 106 zikhiravilAsa 218 zikhirasammedAcalamAhAtmya 21" ziromaNidAsa 190 zivacandra 221 zivacandra yati 206 zivanandi muni 108 zivasiMhasaroja 22 zItalanAtha 82 zItalaprasAda bra0187 zIlakathA 218 zuddhAtmasAra chandabaddha 220 zubhacandra 125, 156 zyAmasundaradAsajI 22 zrAvakapratikramaNavidhi 219 zrIkhairAbAda 57 zrIcaMdramuni 20, 52 zrIjayacandajI 215 zrIdharmasUri 54 zrIdharavidha" zrIpAlamainAsuMdarI 34 zrIbhUSaNa 223 zrImAlA 36 zrImAlavaMza 81, 112 zrIzAhamahArAja 135 zrIjJAnajI 215 zrutapaMcamIvata 66 zrutasAgarI tatvArthasUtra TIkA kI vacanikA 27 zreNikabimbasAra 18 zyAmadAsa 175 zRGgArarasa 13 paTakarmopadezaratnamAlA 219 SaragarAya 21 sakalakIrti bha0 10, 168 sakalacaMdra bha0 90, 10 // sakarAbAda 200 | sadAnandajI 215

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266 [hindI jaina sAhitya kA saptavyasanacaritra 31,218 / siddhAntasArasaMgraha vacanikA 219 saptarSipUjA 2" siharonanagara 168 samantabhadra svAmI 09, 15, 185 siMdhula 100 samarAzAha seTha 5. siMharatha 82 samarAzAha kA rAsa 32, 54, 57 / siMhAsanabattIsI 11 samavazaraNa pATha 220 sItAsatu 250 samosaraNa pajA 220 sukhadeva 180 sampatarAya 219 sukhAnaMda seTha 10, 106 samyaktvaprakAza 218 sudarzana seTha 96 sarasAvA 118 sudAmA kavi 1.5 sarahapA bauddhasiddha 24 sudRSTitaraMginI baca nikA 217 sarvasukharAya 220 subuddhiprakAza 218 sahajAdipura 101, 113, 182 sumatikIrti bha. 129 shvaajgii| zAsamalekha 49 surasaridvIpa 53 sahasranAmapATha 214 surendrabhUSaNa bha. 167, 170 sAkaMbharI 81 suMdaradAsa kavi 63, 117, 151 sAgavADisaMgha 125 (bAgar3a) 120 sAdhuguNamAlA 219 suhar3a zreSTi 248 sAdhupratikramaNavidhi 219 sevArAma rAjapUta 218 sAmAyikapATha TIkA 220 / sevArAma zAha 206 sArasikhAmanarAsa 15, 17, 60 soDlu zrAvaka 70 sAlivAhana kavi 105, 105 sonAgiripUjA 220 sAsArAma 19 sonArAya jIvana 67, 141 sAMkRtyAyana rAhula 9 somakIrti 113, 135 sAMgAnera 155, 160, 180 saMcikA (saMkizA). sitApI 191 saMtalAla kavi 119 sidAntasAradIpaka 217 saMtidAsa 70 98

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267 saMkSipta itihAsa] staMbhanapAzrvanAthastotra .. | hiMDauna 204 svayaMbhUchaMda 9 hIrAnaMda kavi 16 svayaMbhUmahAkavi 8, 9, 20, 25 hIrAnaMda mukIma 132, 146, 155 svayaMbhUrAmAyaNa 9 hIrAlAla pro0 8, 21 svarodaya 117 huNa 21 syAdvAda humar3ajAti 90 sampradAyavAda hemacandra bhaTTAraka 79 (zve0) 19 hemarAja pAMDe 131,170 hathikAMta 166, 197 hemavimalasUri 18 hanumacaritra 218 haMsavijaya 184 harakRSNalAla 220 harakhacaMda sAdhu 184 kSamAkalyANa pAThaka 219 harajasarAya 219 kSayaMkarI 91,94 harikRSNa pAMDe 105 kSAMtiraMgagaNi 72 haricaMda 41, 86, 199 haridAsa 19. tribhuvanakIrsi bha0 111, 133 harinArAyaNa zarmA 117 grilokendrakIrti 220 harivijayasUri 106, 108 grepanakriyArAsa 135 harisiMhadeva 104 harSakIrti 113, 135 jJAnacaMdra bAbU 3, 90, 151 hasAgar3ha 220 jJAnacandra yati 12, 196 hastinApura 105 jJAnapaMcamI caTapaI 15, 66 hAnale DA. 11 jJAnabhUSaNa 129 hAsoTinayari 129 jJAnavijaya yati 184 hitopadezamASA vacanikA 215 jJAnasamudra 251 hindI kI utpatti 12 | jJAnasAgara ba. 30, 219 hindIjainasAhitya kA kAlavibhAga 42 jJAnAnandapUrita zrAvakAcAra 220

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zuddhi-patra 54 paMkti azuddha pilagriksa matya udAharaNaNArtha prANoM kA pilagrimsa satya udAharaNArtha pattoM kA ba 83 91 91 42MMrror urvarn vM 958 106 20 isameM giranaMdaNa vinayacaMdra chatrapati kRpaNa caritra cherI dhyAnu acche tUhi taje paMcAsta yAtrA rAyamalla vAsanAvarddhaka navInayuga nAhiM 119 miranaMdaNa niyamacaMda putra pati kRSNacaritra therI dhvAnu andhe tU hita pacAnti thAtrA rAjacandra vAsanApUrvaka jIvanayuga tAhiM mata bhAma 131 13 132 139 4 143 144 18 148 5 150 3 151 17 mana bhAna

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266 dhAmapura saMkSipta itihAsa] pRSTha paMkti 154 1 155 11 156 11 159 8 164 10 172 hama mahIne nikarike azuddha dhAnapura dema mahIne sUni siMha ke salekhayA dayAmA Ana na gusaI yA ndAvana 827 174 salekhamA damAmA Anana gusAI yA vRndAvana 1827 unake zikSAyeM bharI ugake 174 21 177 11 184 186 24 191 193 17 193 20 194 7 200 14 201 20 206 9 M zikSAya bharA Dara mita adha nita aghamuNaka-su-lAla jhunakatulAla paMcendriyabola paMcendriyaveli

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"NANaM payAsayaM sohao to saMjamo ya guttika / tiNhaM pi samAoge mokkho jiNasAsaNe bhnnio||" jJAna prakAzaka hai, tapa saMzodhaka hai, saMyama rakSaka hai / tInoM ke milane para mukti hai| "rAga udaya jaga andha bhayo, sahajai saba logana lAja ga~vAI / sIkha binA nara sIkhata hai, viSayAdika sevana kI caturAI / tApara aura race rasa kAvya, kahA kahie tinako niThurAI / aMdha asUmani kI a~khiyAna meM, jhoMkata hai raja rAmaduhAI // " -bhUdhara dAsa

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AlocanA va nivandha

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bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI Alocano va 5.5 hindI prakAzana 1 muktidUta (eka paurANika romAMsa) 4) 2 do hajAra varSa purAnI kahAniyA~ (prAcIna bhAgama graMthoM se) 3) 3 pathacihna (smRti rekhAe~ aura nibandha) 2) 4 Adhunika jaina kavi 3 // 5 hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa 2 // 6 janazAsana 4) 7 kundakundAcArya ke tIna ratna (paMcAstikAya pravacanasAra mora samaya sAra kA viSaya paricaya) 8 pAzcAtya tarka-zAstra-2 bhAga

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bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI uddezya zAnakI vilupta, anupalabdha aura aprakAzita sAmagrIkA anusandhAna aura prakAzana tathA lokahita-kArI maulika sAhitya kA nirmANa saMsthApaka seTha zAntiprasAda jaina adhyakSA zrImatI ramA jaina kebala kavara ilAhAbAda lo jarnala presa, ilAhAbAda meM chapA

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