Syadvada aur Saptabhanginay

Author(s): Bhikhariram Yadav
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002082/1

Page #1
pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 47 SENSSISTAN syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgInaya ( Adhunika vyAkhyA Jain Education internatio 9): 5 sampAdaka-pro0 0 sAgaramala jaina Tang lekhaka DaoN0 bhikhArIrAma yAdava sacca logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI -5 ww.jaidelibrary.org rsonal

Page #2
pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA : 47 sampAdaka-pro0 sAgaramala jaina syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgInaya ( Adhunika vyAkhyA ) bhUmikA lekhaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina lekhaka DaoN0 bhikhArIrAma yAdava prAdhyApaka darzanazAstra esa0 ena0 sinhA mahAvidyAlaya auraMgAbAda (bihAra) pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-5...

Page #3
artha sahayoga-jaina yuvaka saMgha, bambaI prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5 phona-66762 saMskaraNa : prathama 1989 mUlya : ru0 .00 Syadvada Aur Saptabhangi Naya: Adhunika Vyakhya By Dr. Bhikhari Ram Yadav Price Rs. 40.00 First Edition 1989 mudraka ratnA priMTiMga varksa kamacchA, vArANasI

Page #4
prakAzakIya AcAra meM ahiMsA aura vicAra meM anekAnta yahI jainadharma ke ratha ke do cakra haiN| jahA~ ahiMsA vyAvahArika jagata ke saMgharSoM kA samAdhAna karatI hai vahA~ anekAnta vaicArika saMgharSoM kA samAdhAna karatA hai| apane virodhI ke vicAroM meM bhI satyatA kA darzana karanA yaha anekAnta dRSTi kI vizeSatA hai| Aja vizva meM hiMsA kI jvAlA dhadhaka rahI hai aura vaicArika saMgharSa apanI carama sImA para hai| aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA aura anekAnta hI zAnti aura samanvaya kA mArga dikhA sakate haiN| pUrva meM hamane vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna se ahiMsA para eka grantha prakAzita kiyA hai ataH yaha Avazyaka thA ki dUsare pakSa anekAnta para bhI eka uccakoTi ke grantha ko prakAzita kiyA jaaye| anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| saptabhaMgI anekAMta kI bhASAyI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra ke vicArakoM ne bhI isake mahattva ko svIkAra kiyaa| prastuta grantha ke lekhaka DA0 bhikhArIrAma yAdava, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke zodhachAtra rahe haiM tathA vartamAna meM esa0 ena0 sinhA mahAvidyAlaya, auraMgAbAda ( bihAra ) meM darzana ke prAdhyApaka haiN| unhoMne lagabhaga 3 varSa taka kaThora zrama karake syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI jaise jaTila tArkika siddhAMta kA adhyayana karake yaha graMtha likhA hai| prastuta zodhanibandha meM unhoMne na kevala jaina dRSTikoNa se anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA kI hai, apitu anya bhAratIya darzanoM evaM pAzcAtya darzanoM ke sAtha isakA mUlyAMkana kara tulanAtmaka vivaraNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai, sAtha hI samakAlIna pratIkAtmaka tarkazAstra ke sambandha meM isakI vaijJAnika vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| isa grantha para unheM san 1983 meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ne pI-eca0 DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI thii| __isa grantha kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM hamane pro0 sAgaramala jaina kA eka Alekha prakAzita kiyA hai; vastutaH yaha Alekha isa grantha kI pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM hI hai aura isa grantha ko samajhane hetu usakA adhyayana Avazyaka -

Page #5
hai| hama pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke atyanta AbhArI haiM ki unhoMne isa grantha ke viSaya cayana se lekara prakAzana taka kI samasta prakriyAoM meM sUtradhAra kI taraha kArya kiyA hai| grantha ke lekhaka DA0 bhikhArIrAma yAdava aura mArgadarzaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina donoM hI vidyAzrama ke hI apane loga haiM ataH unake prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA bhI zAbdika aupacArikatA hI hai| isa avasara para hama kAzI hindu vizvavidyAlaya ke darzana vibhAga ke pro0 Ara0 ena0 mukharjI ke prati bhI AbhAra vyakta karate haiM kyoMki unhoMne pAzcAtya siddhAntoM ke sAtha saptabhaMgI kI tulanA meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna pradAna kiyA hai| ___isa grantha ke prakAzana ke liye hameM DA0 ramanalAla sI0 zAha kI preraNA se jaina nava yuvaka saMgha, bambaI se 10 hajAra rupaye kA sahayoga prApta huA, ataH hama saMgha ke nyAsiyoM ke AbhArI haiN| isake pUrva bhI saMgha ne vidyAzrama ko Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA thaa| saMgha ke padAdhikAriyoM kI jaina vidyA ke prakAzanoM ke prati yaha ruci anukaraNIya hai / isa grantha ke prakAzana kI prakriyA meM DA0 ziva prasAda, DaoN. azoka kumAra evaM zrI maheza kumAra se sakriya sahayoga prApta huA hai ataH hama unake bhI AbhArI haiN| isake sundara aura druta gati se mudraNa ke liye ratnA priMTiMga varksa ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA bhI hamArA naitika kartavya hai| grantha kI mahattA aura mUlyavattA ke sambandha meM maiM to adhika kucha nahIM kaha sakatA, vidvAnoM aura pAThakoM kI pratikriyA hI isa grantha ke prakAzana kI mUlyavattA kA AdhAra hogii| bhavadIya bhUpendra nAtha jaina maMtrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI

Page #6
bhUmikA syAvAda aura saptabhaMgI : eka cintana syAdvAda kA artha-vizleSaNa : syAdvAda zabda syAt aura vAda ina do zabdoM se niSpanna huA hai| ataH syAdvAda ko samajhane ke lie ina donoM zabdoM kA artha vizleSaNa Avazyaka hai| syAt zabda ke artha ke sandarbha meM jitanI bhrAnti dArzanikoM meM raho hai, sambhavataH utanI anya kisI zabda ke sambandha meM nhiiN| vidvAnoM dvArA hindI bhASA meM syAt kA artha "zAyada", "sambhavataH", "kadAcit" aura aMgrejI bhASA meM probable, may be, perhaps, some how Adi kiyA gayA hai aura inhIM arthoM ke AdhAra para use saMzayavAda, sambhAvanAvAda yA anizcayavAda samajhane kI bhUla kI jAtI rahI hai| yaha sahI hai ki kinhIM saMdarbho meM syAt zabda kA artha kadAcit, zAyada, sambhava Adi bhI hotA hai| kintu isa AdhAra para syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda yA anizcayavAda mAna lenA eka bhrAnti hI hogii| hameM yahA~ isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki prathama to eka hI zabda ke aneka artha ho sakate haiN| dUsare aneka bAra zabdoM kA prayoga unake pracalita artha meM na hokara viziSTa artha meM hotA hai, jaise jaina paramparA meM dharma zabda kA prayoga dharma-dravya ke rUpa meM hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne syAt zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM hI kiyA hai| yadi syAdvAda ke Alocaka vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda sambandhI kisI bhI mUlagrantha ko dekhane kI koziza kI hotI, to unheM syAt zabda kA jaina paramparA meM kyA artha hai, yaha spaSTa ho jaataa| syAt zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM jo bhrAnti utpanna hotI hai, usakA mUla kAraNa use tiGanta pada mAna lenA hai, jabaki samantabhadra, vidyAnandi, amatacandra, mallipeNa Adi sabhI jaina AcAryoM ne ise nipAta yA avyaya mAnA hai| samantabhadra syAt zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue AptamImAMsA meM likhate haiM ki syAtyaha nipAta zabda hai, jo artha ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hone para vAkya meM

Page #7
( 4 ) anekAntatA kA dyotaka aura vivakSita artha kA eka vizeSaNa hai|' isI prakAra paMcAstikAya kI TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandra bhI syAt zabda ke artha ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki 'syAt' ekAntatA kA niSedhaka, anekAntatA kA pratipAdaka tathA kathaMcit artha kA dyotaka eka nipAta zabda hai / malliSeNa ne bhI syAdvAdamaMjarI meM syAt zabda ko anekAntatA kA dyotaka eka avyaya mAnA hai / isa prakAra yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM syAt zabda saMzayaparaka na hokara anekAntika kintu nizcayAtmaka artha kA dyotaka hai / mAtra itanA hI nahIM jaina dArzanika isa sambandha meM bhI sajaga the ki Alocaka thA janasAdhAraNa dvArA syAt zabda kA saMzayaparaka artha grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, isalie unhoMne syAt zabda ke sAtha " eva" zabda ke prayoga kI yojanA bhI kI hai, jaise "syAdastyeva ghaTaH" arthAt kisI apekSA se yaha ghar3A hI hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki "eva" zabda nizcayAtmakatA kA dyotaka hai / "syAt" tathA " eva" zabdoM kA eka sAtha prayoga zrotA kI saMzayAtmakatA ko samApta kara use sApekSika kintu nizcita jJAna pradAna karatA hai| vastutaH isa prayoga meM "eva" zabda 'syAt' zabda kI anizcitatA ko samApta kara detA hai aura "syAt" zabda "eva" zabda kI nirapekSatA evaM ekAntatA ko samApta kara detA hai aura isa prakAra ve donoM milakara kathita vastu-dharma kI sImA niyata karate hue sApekSa kintu nizcita jJAna prastuta karate haiM / ataH syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda yA sambhAvanAvAda nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / "vAda" zabda kA artha kathanavidhi hai / isaprakAra syAdvAda sApekSika kathana paddhati yA sApekSika nirNaya paddhati kA sUcaka hai / vaha eka aisA siddhAnta hai, jo vastu tattva kA vividha pahaluoM yA vividha AyAmoM se vizleSaNa karatA hai aura apane una vizleSita vividha nirNayoM ko isa 1. vAkyeSvanekAMtadyotI gamya prati vizeSaka | syAnnipAto'rthayogitvAttava kevalinAmapi // -AptamomAMsA 103 | 2. sarvathAtva niSedhako'nekAMtatA dyotakaH kathaMcidarthe syAt zabdo nipAtaH / 3. syAdityavyayamanekAMtadyotakaM / - syAdvAdamaMjarI - paMcAstikAya TokA

Page #8
( 5 ) prakAra kI bhASA meM prastuta karatA hai ki ve apane pakSa kI sthApanA karate hue bhI vastutattva meM nihita anya " anukta" anekAneka dharmoM evaM sambhAvanAoM ( paryAyoM ) kA niSedha na kareM / vastutaH syAdvAda hamAre nirNayoM evaM tajjanita kathanoM ko prastuta karane kA eka nirdoSa evaM ahiMsaka tarIkA hai, avirodhapUrvaka kathana kI eka zailI hai| usakA pratyeka bhaMga anekAntika DhaMga se ekAntika kathana karatA hai, jisameM vaktA apanI bAta isa DhaMga se kahatA hai ki usakA vaha kathana apane pratipakSI kathanoM kA pUrNa niSedhaka na bane / saMkSepa meM syAdvAda apane samagra rUpa meM anekAnta hai aura pratyeka bhaMga kI dRSTi se samyak ekAMta bhI hai / saptabhaMgI anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke saMbaMdha meM eka aisI kathana-paddhati yA vAkyayojanA hai, jo usameM anukta dharmoM kI saMbhAvanA kA niSedha karate hue sApekSika kintu nizcayAtmaka DhaMga se vastutattva ke pUrNa svarUpa ko apanI dRSTi meM rakhate hue usake kisI eka dharma kA mukhya rUpa se pratipAdana yA niSedha karatI hai / isI prakAra anekAMtavAda bhI vastutattva ke sandarbha meM ekAdhika nirNayoM ko svIkRta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki eka hI vastutattva ke sandarbha meM vibhinna apekSAoM ke AdhAra para aneka nirNaya ( kathana ) diye jA sakate haiM arthAt anekAMta vastu-svarUpa ke sambandha meM aneka nirNayoM yA niSkarSoM kI sambhAvyatA kA siddhAMta hai / jainAcAryoM ne anekAMta ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai ki 'sarvathaikAnta pratikSepa lakSaNo'nekAMtaH' arthAt anekAMta mAtra ekAMta kA niSedha hai aura vastu meM nihita paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA prakAzaka hai / syAdvAda ke AdhAra sambhavataH yaha prazna upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki syAdvAda yA sApekSika kathana paddhati kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? syAdvAda yA sApekSika kathana paddhati kI AvazyakatA ke mUlataH cAra kAraNa haiM 1. vastutattva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA, 2. mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kI sImitatA, 3. mAnavIya jJAna kI apUrNatA evaM sApekSatA, tathA 4. bhASA ke abhivyakti sAmarthya ko sImitatA evaM sApekSatA /

Page #9
(a) vastutattva ko anantadharmAtmakatA sarvaprathama syAdvAda ke aucitya sthApana ke lie hameM vastutattva ke usa svarUpa ko samajha lenA hogA, jisake pratipAdana kA hama prayAsa karate haiM / vastutattva mAtra sImita lakSaNoM kA puMja nahIM hai, jaina dArzanikoM ne use anantadharmAtmaka kahA hai| yadi hama vastutattva ke bhAvAtmaka guNoM para hI vicAra kareM to unakI saMkhyA bhI aneka hogii| udAharaNArtha gulAba kA phUla gandha kI dRSTi se sugandhita hai, to varNa kI dRSTi se kisI eka yA ekAdhika viziSTa raMgoM se yukta hai, sparza kI dRSTi se usako paMkhur3iyA~ komala haiM, kintu DaMThala tIkSNa hai, usameM eka viziSTa svAda hai, Adi aadi| yaha to haI vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI bAta, kintu usake abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI saMkhyA to usake bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI apekSA kaI gunA adhika hogI, jaise gulAba kA phUla, camelI kA, mogare kA yA palAsa kA phUla nahIM hai| vaha apane se itara sabhI vastuoM se bhinna hai aura usameM una sabhI vastuoM ke anekAneka dharmoM kA abhAva bhI hai| puna: yadi hama vastutattva kI bhUta evaM bhAvI tathA vyakta aura avyakta paryAyoM ( sambhAvanAoM) para vicAra kareM to usake guNa dharmoM kI yaha saMkhyA aura bhI adhika bar3hakara nizcita hI ananta taka pahu~ca jAvegI / ataH yaha kathana satya hai ki vastutattva anantadharmoM, ananta guNoM evaM ananta paryAyoM kA pu~ja hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha anekAntika bhI hai, mAnava buddhi jinheM paraspara virodhI gaNa mAna letI hai ve eka hI vastutattva meM apekSA bheda se eka sAtha rahate hue dekhe jAte hai / ' astitva nAstitva pUrvaka hai aura nAstitva astitva pUrvaka hai / ekatA meM anekatA aura anekatA meM ekatA anusyUta hai, jo dravya dRSTi se nitya hai, vahI paryAyada STi se anitya bhI hai| utpatti ke binA vinAza aura vinAza ke binA utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai / punaH utpatti aura vinAza ke lie dhrauvyatva bhI apekSita hai anyathA utpatti aura vinAza kisakA hogA? kyoMki vizva meM vinAza ke abhAva se utpatti jaisI bhI koI sthiti 1. kIdRzaM vastu ? nAnA dharmayuktaM vividhasvabhAvaiH sahitaM, kathaMcit astitvanAstitdekatvAnekatva nityatvAnityatva-bhinnatva pramukherAviSTam / -svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA-TIkA zubhacandra; 253

Page #10
( 7 ) nahIM hai| yadyapi dhrauvyatva aura utpatti-vinAza ke dharma paraspara virodhI haiM, kintu donoM ko sahavartI mAne binA vizva kI vyAkhyA asambhava hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM pracalita zAzvatavAdI aura ucchedavAdI Adi paraspara virodhI vicAra dhArAoM ke madhya meM samanvaya karate hue anekAntika dRSTi se vastutattva ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahakara paribhASita kiyA / ' jinopadiSTa yaha tripado hI anekAntavAdI vicAra-paddhati kA AdhAra hai| syAdvAda aura nayavAda sambandhI vipUla sAhitya mAtra isakA vistAra hai| tripadI hI jina dvArA vapita vaha "bIja" hai jisase syAdvAda rUpI vaTa vRkSa vikasita haA hai| yaha vastutattva ke usa anekAntika svarUpa ko sUcaka hai jisakA spaSTIkaraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vividha prasaMgoM meM kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha jaba mahAvIra se gautama ne yaha pUchA ki he bhagavan ! jIva nitya yA anitya hai ? he gautama ! jIva apekSAbheda se nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii| bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? he gautama ! dravya dRSTi se jIva nitya hai, paryAya daSTi se anitya / 2 isI prakAra eka anya prazna ke uttara meM unhoMne somila ko kahA thA ki-he somila ! dravya-dRSTi se maiM eka hU~, kintu parivartanazIla cetanAvasthAoM ( paryAyoM) kI apekSA se maiM aneka bhI huuN| vastutattva ke isa anantadharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika svarUpa kA yaha pratipAdana ukta Agama meM bahuta hI vistAra ke sAtha huA hai kintu lekha kI maryAdA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue uparokta eka-do udAharaNa hI paryApta hoNge| vastutattva kI yaha anantadharmAtmakatA tathA usameM virodhI dharma-yugaloM ko eka sAtha upasthiti anubhava siddha hai| eka ho Amraphala khaTTA aura madhura (khaTTA-mIThA) donoM hI ho sakatA hai| pitRtva aura putratva ke do virodho guNa apekSA bhedase eka hI vyaktimeM eka hI samayameM sAtha-sAtha siddha ho sakate haiN| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jinheM hama virodhI dharma yugala mAna lete haiM, unameM sarvathA yA nirapekSa rUpa se virodha nahIM hai| apekSA bheda se unakA eka hI vastutattva meM eka hI samaya meM honA sambhava hai| bhinna1. utpAdavyayadhrauvyuktaM sat-tattvArthasUtra 5-29 2. goyamA ! jIvA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA-davvaThThayAe sAsayA bhAvaTThayAe asAsayA-bhagavatI sUtra 7-3-273 / 3. bhagavatIsUtra--1-8-10 /

Page #11
( 8 ) bhinna apekSAoM se eka ho vyakti choTA yA bar3A kahA jA sakatA hai athavA eka ho vastu ThaNDI yA garama kahI jA sakatI hai / jo saMkhiyA janasAdharaNa kI dRSTi meM viSa (prANApahArI) hai, vahI eka vaidya kI dRSTi meM auSadhi ( jovana -saMjIvanI) bhI hai / ataH yaha eka anubhavajanya satya hai ki vastu meM aneka virodhI dharma-yugaloM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai / yahA~ hameM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki vastu meM aneka virodho dharma yugaloM ko upasthiti to hotI hai, kintu sabhI virodhI dharma yugaloM kI upasthiti nahIM hotI hai / isa sambandha meM dhavalA kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai - "yadi (vastu meM) sampUrNa dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA mAna liyA jAve to paraspara viruddha caitanya, acaitanya, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva Adi dharmoM kA eka sAtha AtmA meM rahane kA prasaMga A jAvegA / ataH yaha mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hai ki vastu meM kevala ve hI virodhI dharma yugala yugapat rUpa meM raha sakate haiM, jinakA usa vastu meM atyantAbhAva nahIM hai / kintu isa bAta se vastutattva kA anantadharmAtmaka svarUpa khaNDita nahIM hotA hai aura vastutattva meM nityatAanityatA, ekatva - anekatva, astitva - nAstitva, bhedatva - abhedatva Adi aneka virodhI dharma yugaloM kI yugapat upasthiti mAnI jA sakatI hai / AcArya amRtacandra 'samayasAra' kI TIkA meM likhate haiM ki apekSA bheda se jo hai, vahI nahIM bhI hai, jo sat hai vaha asat bhI hai, jo eka hai vaha aneka bhI hai, jo face hai vahI anitya bhI hai / 2 vastu ekAntika na hokara anekAntika hai| AcArya hemacandra anyayoga vyavacchedikA meM likhate haiM ki vizva kI samasta vastue~ syAdvAda kI mudrA se yukta haiM, koI bhI usakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA / yadyapi vastutattva kA yaha anantadharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika svarUpa hameM asamaMjasa meM avazya DAla detA hai kintu yadi vastu svabhAva aisA hI hai, hama kyA kareM ? bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke zabdoM meM 'yadidaM svayamarthebhyo rocate ke vayaM ? punaH hama jisa vastu yA dravya kI vivecanA 1. dhavalA khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 11, pR0 167 - uddhRta torthaMkara mahAvIra - DaoN0 bhArilla 2. yadeva tat tadeva atat yadevekaM tadevAnekaM yadeva sat tadevAsat, yadevanityaM tadevAnityaM- - samayasAra TIkA (amRtacanda) 3. AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaM syAdvAdamudrA natimedi vastu -- anyayogavyavacche dikA 5 / ,

Page #12
karanA cAhate haiM, vaha hai kyA ? jahA~ eka ora dravya ko gaNa aura paryAyoM kA Azraya kahA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora use guNoM kA samUha bhI kahA gayA hai| guNa aura paryAyoM se pRthak dravya kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai aura dravya se pRthaka guNa aura paryAyoM kI koI sattA nahIM hai| yaha hai vastu kI sApekSitatA aura yadi vastutattva sApekSika, anantadharmAtmaka aura anekAntika hai, to phira usakA jJAna evaM usakI vivecanA nirapekSa evaM ekAntika dRSTi se kaise sambhava hai ? isalie jaina AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki (anantadharmAtmaka) mizrita tattva kI vivecanA binA apekSA ke sambhava nahIM hai|' (ba) mAnavIya jJAna prApti ke sAdhanoM kA svarUpa : yaha to haI vastu svarUpa kI bAteM, kintu jisa vastu svarUpa kA jJAna hama prApta karanA cAhate haiM, usake lie hamAre pAsa sAdhana kyA hai; hameM una sAdhanoM ke svarUpa evaM unake dvArA pradatta jJAna ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kara lenA hogaa| manuSya ke pAsa apanI satyAbhIpsA aura jijJAsA ko santuSTi ke lie jJAna-prApti ke do sAdhana haiM : 1. indriyA~ aura 2. tarkabuddhi / mAnava apane inhIM sImita sAdhanoM dvArA vastutattva ko jAnane kA prayatna karatA hai| jahA~ taka mAnava ke aindrika jJAna kA prazna hai, yaha spaSTa hai ki aindrika jJAna na pUrNa hai aura na nirapekSa / mAnava indriyoM kI kSamatA sImita hai, ataH ve vastutattva kA jo bhI svarUpa jAna pAtI haiM, vaha pUrNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| indriyA~ vastu ko apane pUrNa svarUpa meM dekha pAne ke lie sakSama nahIM haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki hama vastutattva ko jisa rUpa meM vaha hai vaisA nahIM jAna kara use jisa rUpa meM indriyA~ hamAre samakSa prastuta karatI haiM, usI rUpa meM jAnate haiN| hama indriya saMvedanoM ko jAna pAte haiM, vastutattva ko nhiiN| isakA artha yaha haA ki hamArA Anubhavika jJAna indriya-sApekSa hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, vaha indriya sApekSa hone ke sAtha-sAtha una koNoM para bhI nirbhara rahatA hai jahA~ se vastu dekhI jA rahI hai aura yadi hama usa koNa (sthiti) ke vicAra ko apane 1. na vivecayituM zakyaM vinA'pekSAM hi mizritam / -abhidhAnarAjendra, khaNDa 4, pR0 1853

Page #13
jJAna se alaga karate haiM, to nizcita hI hamArA jJAna bhrAnta ho jaayegaa| udAharaNArtha eka gola sikkA apane aneka koNoM se hameM vRttAkAra na laga kara aNDAkAra dikhAI detA hai| vibhinna gurutvAkarSaNoM evaM vibhinna zArIrika sthitiyoM se eka hI vastu halkI yA bhArI pratIta hotI hai| hamArI pRthvI ko jaba hama usake gurutvAkarSaNa kI sImA se Upara jAkara dekhate haiM to gatizIla dikhAI detI hai, kintu yahA~ vaha hameM sthira pratIta hotI hai / dUra se dekhane para vastu choTI aura pAsa se dekhane para bar3I dikhAI detI hai| eka Tebala ke jaba vividha koNoM se phoTo lie jAte haiM to ve paraspara bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra hamArA sArA Anubhavika jJAna sApekSa hI hotA hai, nirapekSa nahIM / indriya samvedanoM ko una saba apekSAoM (Conditions) se alaga haTakara nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai, jinameM ki ve hue haiN| ataH aindrikajJAna dik, kAla aura vyakti sApekSa hI hotA hai| kintu mAnava mana kabhI bhI indriyAnubhUti yA pratIti ke jJAna ko hI antima satya mAnakara santuSTa nahIM hotA, vaha usa pratIti ke pIche bhI jhAMkanA cAhatA hai| isa hetu vaha apanI tarkabuddhi kA sahArA letA hai| kintu kyA tAkika jJAna nirapekSa ho sakatA hai ? prathama to tArkika jJAna bhI pUrI taraha se indriya samvedanoM se nirapekSa nahIM hotA hai, dUsare tAkika jJAna vastutaH eka sambandhAtmaka jJAna hai| bauddhika cintana kAraNa-kArya, eka-aneka, asti-nAsti Adi vicAra vidhAoM se ghirA huA hai aura apanI ina vicAra vidhAoM ke AdhAra para vaha sApekSa hI hogaa| tarkabuddhi jaba bhI kisI vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya kara koI nirNaya prastuta karatI hai, to vaha hameM do tathyoM ke bIca kisI sambandha yA asambandha kI hI sUcanA pradAna karatI hai aura aisA sambandhAtmaka jJAna sambandha sApekSa hI hogA, nirapekSa nhiiN| kyoMki sabhI sambandha (Relations) sApekSa hote haiN| (sa) mAnavIya jJAna ko sImitatA evaM sApekSatA: vastutaH vastutattva kA yathArtha evaM pUrNa jJAna sImita kSamatA vAle mAnava ke lie sadaiva hI eka jaTila prazna rahA hai / apUrNa ke dvArA pUrNa ko jAnane ke samasta prayAsa AMzika satya ke jJAna se Age nahIM jA pAye haiM aura jaba isa AMzika satya ko pUrNa satya mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha

Page #14
( 11 ) satya, satya na raha karake asatya bana jAtA hai| vastutattva na kevala utanA hI hai jitanA ki hama ise jAna pA rahe haiM / manuSya kI aindrika jJAna kSamatA evaM tarka buddhi itanI apUrNa hai ki vaha sampUrNa satya ko eka sAtha grahaNa nahIM kara sakatI / sAdhAraNa mAnava-buddhi pUrNa satya ko eka sAtha grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| ataH sAdhAraNa mAnava pUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara pAtA hai| jaina dRSTi ke anusAra satya ajJeya to nahIM hai kintu binA pUrNatA ko prApta kiye use pUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| prasiddha vaijJAnika albarTa AinsTIna ne kahA thA ki "hama kevala sApekSika satya ko jAna sakate haiM, nirapekSa satya ko to koI pUrNa draSTA hI jAna skegaa|' aura aisI sthiti meM jabaki hamArA samasta jJAna AMzika, apUrNa tathA sApekSika hai, hameM yaha dAvA karane kA koI adhikAra nahIM hai ki merI dRSTi hI ekamAtra satya hai aura satya mere hI pAsa hai| hamArA AMzika, apUrNa aura sApekSika jJAna nirapekSa satyatA kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatA hai| ataH aise jJAna ke lie hameM aisI kathana paddhati kI yojanA karanI hogI, jo ki dUsaroM ke anubhUta satyoM kA niSedha nahIM karate hae apanI bAta kaha sake / hama apane jJAna kI sImitatA ke kAraNa anya sambhAvanAoM (Possibilities) ko nirasta nahIM kara sakate haiM / kyA sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa hotA hai ? yadyapi jaina darzana meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sarvajJa yA kevalI sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, ataH yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki kyA sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa hai| isa sandarbha meM jaina dArzanikoM meM bhI matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| kucha samakAlIna jaina vicAraka sarvajJa ke jJAna ko nirapekSa mAnate haiM jaba ki dUsare kucha vicArakoM ke anusAra sarvajJa kA jJAna bhI sApekSa hotA hai| zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne ne "syAdvAdamaMjarI" kI bhamikA meM sarvajJa ke jJAna ko nirapekSa satya batAyA hai| jabaki muni zrI nagarAjajI ne "jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna" nAmaka pustikA meM yaha mAnA hai ki sarvajJa kA jJAna bhI kahane bhara ko hI 1. "We can only know the relative truth, the real truth is known only to the Universal Observer." -Quoted in Cosmology Old and New p. XIII.

Page #15
( 12 ) nirapekSa hai kyoMki syAdasti syAnnAsti se pare vaha bhI nahIM hai| kintu vastusthiti yaha hai ki jahA~ taka sarvajJa ke vastU jagata ke jJAna kA prazna hai use nirapekSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki usake jJAna kA viSaya ananta dharmAtmaka vastu hai| ataH sarvajJa bhI vastutattva ke ananta guNoM ko anantaapekSAoM se hI jAna sakatA hai| vastugata jJAna yA vaiSayika jJAna (Objective knowledge) kabhI bhI nirapekSa nahIM ho sakatA, phira cAhe vaha sarvajJa kA hI kyoM na ho? isIlie jaina AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki dIpa se lekara vyoma taka vastu-mAtra syAdvAda kI mudrA se aMkita haiN| kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki jahA~ taka sarvajJa ke Atma-bodha kA prazna hai vaha nirapekSa ho sakatA hai kyoMki vaha vikalpa rahita hotA hai / sambhavataH isI dRSTikoNa ko lakSya meM rakhakara AcArya kundakunda ko yaha kahanA par3A thA ki vyavahAra dRSTi se sarvajJa sabhI dravyoM ko jAnatA hai kintu paramArthataH to vaha AtmA ko hI jAnatA hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki sarvajJa kA Atma-bodha to nirapekSa hotA hai kintu usakA vastu-viSayaka jJAna sApekSa hotA hai| (da) bhASA kI abhivyakti-sAmarthya ko sImitatA aura sApekSatA : ___ sarvajJa yA pUrNa ke lie bhI, jo sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, satya kA nirapekSa kathana yA abhivyakti sambhava nahIM hai| sampUrNa satya ko cAhe jAnA jA sakatA ho kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| usakI abhivyakti kA jaba bhI koI prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha sApekSika bana jAtA hai| kyoMki sarvajJa ko bhI apanI abhivyakti ke lie usI bhASA kA sahArA lenA hotA hai, jo ki sImita evaM apUrNa hai| "hai" aura "nahIM hai" kI sImA se ghirI huI hai| ataH bhASA pUrNa satya ko nirapekSatayA abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatI hai| prathama to vastutattva ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai, jabaki mAnavIya bhASA kI zabda saMkhyA sImita hai| jitane vastU-dharma haiM, utane zabda nahIM haiM / ataH aneka dharma anukta (akathita) raheMge hii| punaH mAnava kI jitanI anubhUtiyA~ haiM, una sabake lie bhI bhASA meM pRthaka-pRthaka zabda nahIM haiM / hama gur3a, zakkara, Ama Adi kI miThAsa ko bhASA meM pUrNa rUpa se abhivyakta nahIM kara sakate kyoMki sabhI ko miThAsa ke lie alaga-alaga zabda nahIM

Page #16
( 13 ) haiN| AcArya nemicandra 'gommaTasAra' meM likhate haiM ki hamAre anubhUta bhAvoM kA kevala anantavA~ bhAga hI kathanIya hotA hai aura jitanA kathanIya hai, usakA bhI eka aMza hI bhASA meM nibaddha karake likhA jAtA hai (gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 334) / cAhe nirapekSa jJAna ko sambhava bhI mAna liyA jAya, kintu nirapekSa kathana to kadApi sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai, vaha kisI na kisI sandarbha meM (in a certain context) kahA jAtA hai aura usa sandarbha meM hI use ThIka prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai anyathA bhrAnti hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| isIlie jaina AcAryoM kA kathana hai ki jagata meM jo kucha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha saba kisI vivakSA yA naya se garbhita hotA hai| jina yA sarvajJa kI vANI bhI apekSA rahita nahIM hotI hai| vaha sApekSa hI hotI hai| ataH vaktA kA kathana samajhane ke lie bhI apekSA kA vicAra Avazyaka hai / punazca jaba vastutattva meM aneka viruddha dharma-yugala bhI rahe hue haiM, to zabdoM dvArA unakA eka sAtha pratipAdana sambhava nahIM hai| unheM kramika rUpa meM hI kahA jA sakatA hai| zabda eka samaya meM eka hI dharma ko abhivyakta kara sakatA hai| anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke samasta dharmoM kA eka sAtha kathana bhASA kI sImA ke bAhara hai| ataH kisI bhI kathana meM vastu ke aneka dharma anukta (akathita) hI raha jAveMge aura eka nirapekSa kathana anukta dharmoM kA niSedha karane ke kAraNa asatya ho jaavegaa| hamArA kathana satya rahe aura hamAre vacana vyavahAra se zrotA ko koI bhrAnti na ho isalie sApekSika kathana paddhati hI samucita ho sakatI hai| jainAcAryoM ne syAt ko satya kA cihna' isIlie kahA hai ki vaha apekSA pUrvaka kathana karake hamAre kathana ko avirodhI aura satya banA detA hai tathA zrotA ko koI bhrAnti bhI nahIM hone detA hai / syAdvAda aura anekAnta: ___ sAdhAraNatayA anekAnta aura syAdvAda paryAyavAcI mAne jAte haiN|' aneka jainAcAryoM ne inheM paryAyavAcI batAyA bhI hai| kintu phira bhI donoM meM thor3A antara hai / anekAnta syAdvAda kI apekSA adhika vyApaka artha kA dyotaka hai| jainAcAryoM ne donoM meM vyApaka-vyApya bhAva mAnA hai| anekAnta 1. syAkAraH satyalAJchanaH / 2, tataH syAdvAda anekAMtavAda-syAdvAdamaMjarI /

Page #17
( 14 ) vyApaka hai aura syAdvAda vyApya / anekAnta vAcya hai to syAdvAda vAcaka | anekAnta vastusvarUpa hai, to syAdvAda usa anekAntika vastu svarUpa ke kathana kI nirdoSa bhASA-paddhati / anekAnta darzana hai, to syAdvAda usakI abhivyakti kA DhaMga / vibhajjavAda aura sthAdvAda : vibhajjavAda syAdvAda kA hI eka anya paryAyavAcI evaM pUrvavartI hai | sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra ne bhikSuoM ke lie yaha spaSTa nirdeza diyA ki ve vibhajjavAda kI bhASA kA prayoga kareM / " isI prakAra bhagavAna buddha ne bhI majjhimanikAya meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA thA ki he mANavaka ! maiM vibhajjavAdI hU~, ekAntavAdI nahIM / vibhajjavAda vaha siddhAnta hai, jo prazna ko vibhAjita karake uttara detA hai / jaba buddha se yaha pUchA gayA ki gRhastha ArAdhaka hotA hai yA pravrajita ? unhoMne isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahA ki gRhastha evaM tyAgI yadi mithyAvAdI haiM to ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakate / kintu yadi donoM hI samyak AcaraNa karane vAle haiM to donoM hI ArAdhaka ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra jaba mahAvIra se jayaMtI ne yaha pUchA ki sonA acchA hai yA jAganA, to unhoMne kahA thA ki kucha jIvoM ko sonA acchA hai aura kucha kA jAganA / pApI kA sonA acchA hai aura dharmAtmAoM kA jAganA / isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vaktA ko usake prazna kA vizleSaNapUrvaka uttara denA vibhajjavAda hai / praznoM ke uttaroM kI yaha vizleSaNAtmaka zailI vicAroM ko sulajhAne vAlI tathA vastu ke aneka AyAmoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI hai / isase vaktA kA vizleSaNa ekAMgI nahIM banatA hai / buddha aura mahAvIra kA yaha vibhajjavAda hI Age calakara zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM vikasita huA hai / zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda :4 bhagavAn buddha ne zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ina donoM ko asvIkAra 1. bhikkhU vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA - sUtrakRtAMga - 1 / 1 / 4 / 22 / 2. majjhimanikAya - sUtra 99 ( uddhRta, Agamayuga kA jaina darzana, pR0 53) / 3. bhagavatIsUtra 12-2-443 // 4. dekhie - zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda nAmaka lekha - paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA / - AcArya Ananda RSijI abhinandana grantha, pR0 265

Page #18
( 15 ) kiyA aura apane mArga ko madhyama mArga kahA / jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ko apekSAkRta rUpa se svIkRta karake eka vidhimArga apanAyA / bhagavAn buddha kI paramparA meM vikasita zUnyavAda aura jaina paramparA meM vikasita syAdvAda donoM kA hI lakSya ekAntika dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kI asvIkRti hI thA / donoM meM pharka itanA hI hai ki jahAM zUnyavAda eka niSedhapradhAna dRSTi hai vahIM syAdvAda meM eka vidhAyaka dRSTi hai / zUnyavAda jo bAta saMvRti satya aura paramArthaM satya ke rUpa meM kahatA hai, vahI bAta jaina dArzanika vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya ke AdhAra para pratipAdita karatA hai / zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda meM maulika bheda apane niSkarSoM ke sambandha meM hai / zUnyavAda apane niSkarSoM meM niSedhAtmaka hai aura syAdvAdva vidhAnAtmaka hai / zUnyavAda apanI sampUrNa tArkika vivecanA meM isa niSkarSa para AtA hai ki vastutattva zAzvata nahIM hai, ucchinna nahIM hai, eka nahIM hai, aneka nahIM hai, sat nahIM hai, asat nahIM hai / jabaki syAdvAda apane niSkarSoM ko vidhAnAtmaka rUpa se prastuta karatA hai ki vastuzAzvata bhI hai, azAzvata bhI hai, eka bhI hai, aneka bhI hai, sat bhI hai, asat bhI hai / ekAnta meM rahA huA doSa zUnyavAdI aura syAdvAdI donoM hI dekhate haiN| isa ekAnta ke doSa se bacane kI tatparatA meM zUnyavAda dvArA prastuta zUnyatA- zUnyatA ko dhAraNA aura syAdvAda dvArA prastuta anekAnta kI anekAntatA kI dhAraNA bhI vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai / kintu jahA~ zUnyavAdI usa doSa ke bhaya se ekAnta ko asvIkAra karatA hai, vahIM syAdvAdI, usake Age syAt zabda rakhakara usa sadoSa ekAnta ko nirdoSa banA detA hai / donoM meM yadi koI maulika bheda hai to vaha apanI niSedhAtmaka aura viSedhAtmaka dRSTiyoM kA hI hai / zUnyavAda kA vastutattva jahA~ catuSkoTivinirmukta zUnya hai, vahIM jaina darzana kA vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai / kintu zUnya aura ananta kA gaNita to eka hI hai / ina donoM kI vibhinnatA to usa dRSTi kA hI pariNAma hai, jo ki vaicArika AgrahoM se janamAnasa ko mukta karane ke lie buddha aura mahAvIra ne prastuta kI thI / buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma zUnyavAda thA to mahAvIra ke vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma syAdvAda / isa sambandha meM AdaraNIya dalasukhabhAI kA lekha 'zUnyavAda aura syAdvAda' vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai /

Page #19
( 16 ) saptabhaMgI saptabhaMgI syAdvAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti ke sAmAnya vikalpoM ko prastuta karatI hai / hamArI bhASA vidhi-niSedha kI sImAoM se ghirI huI hai| "hai" aura "nahIM hai" hamAre kathanoM ke do prArUpa haiN| kintu kabhIkabhI hama apanI bAta ko spaSTatayA "hai" (vidhi) aura "nahIM hai" (niSedha) kI bhASA meM prastuta karane meM asamartha hote haiM / arthAt sImita zabdAvalI kI yaha bhASA hamArI anubhati ko pragaTa karane meM asamartha hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM hama eka tIsare vikalpa "avAcya" yA "avaktavya" kA sahArA lete haiM, arthAt zabdoM ke mAdhyama se "hai" aura "nahIM hai" kI bhASAyo sImA meM bA~dha kara use kahA nahIM jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra vidhi, niSedha aura avaktavyatA se jo sAta prakAra kA vacana vinyAsa banatA hai, use saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai|' saptabhaMgI meM syAt asti, syAt nAsti aura syAt avaktavya ye tIna asaMyogI maulika bhaMga haiN| zeSa cAra bhaMga ina tInoM ke saMyoga se banate haiN| unameM syAt asti-nAsti, syAt asti-avaktavya aura syAt nAsti-avaktavya ye tIna dvisaMyogI aura antima syAt-asti-nAsti-avaktavya, yaha trisaMyogI bhaMga hai| nirNayoM kI bhASAyI abhivyakti vidhi, niSedha aura avaktavya, ina tIna hI rUpa meM hotI hai| ataH usase tIna hI maulika bhaMga banate haiM aura ina tIna maulika bhaMgoM meM se gaNitazAstra ke saMyoga niyama (Law of Combination) ke AdhAra para sAta bhaMga hI banate haiM, na kama na adhik| aSTasahasrI TIkA meM AcArya vidyAnandi ne isIlie yaha kahA hai ki jijJAsA aura saMzaya aura unake samAdhAna sapta prakAra ke hI ho sakate haiN| ataH jaina AcAryoM kI saptabhaMgI kI yaha vyavasthA nirmUla nahIM hai| vastutattva ke ananta dharmoM meM se pratyeka ko lekara eka-eka saptabhaMgI aura isa prakAra ananta saptabhaMgiyA~ to banAI jA sakatI haiM kintu anantabhaMgI nahIM / zvetAmbara Agama bhagavatIsutra meM SaTpradezI skandha ke saMbaMdha meM jo 23 bhaMgoM kI 1 (a) saptabhiH prakArairvacanavinyAsaH saptabhaMgItogIyate / -syAdvAdamaMz2arI kArikA 23 kI TIkA / . (ba) praznavazAt ekatra vastuni avirodhena vidhi pratiSedhakalpanA sptbhNgii| -rAjavArtika 1-6 /

Page #20
( 17 ) yojanA hai, vaha vacana bheda kRta saMkhyAoM ke kAraNa hai| usameM bhI mUla bhaMga sAta hI haiN|' paMcAstikAyasAra, pravacanasAra Adi prAcIna digambara Agama granthoM meM aura zeSa paravartI sAhitya meM saptabhaMga hI mAnya rahe haiN| ataH vidvAnoM ko ina bhramoM kA nivAraNa kara lenA cAhiye ki aise saMyogoM se saptabhaMgI hI kyoM ananta bhaMgI bhI ho sakatI haiM athavA AgamoM meM sAta bhaMga nahIM haiM / saptabhaMgI bhI eka paravartI vikAsa hai| saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika nirNaya prastuta karatA hai| saptabhaMgI meM syAt asti Adi jo sAta bhaMga haiM, ve kathana ke tArkika AkAra (Logical forms) mAtra haiN| usameM syAt zabda kathana kI sApekSikatA kA sUcaka hai aura asti evaM nAsti kathana ke vidhAnAtmaka (Affirmative) aura niSedhAtmaka (Negative) hone ke sUcaka haiN| kucha jaina vidvAna asti ko sattA kI bhAvAtmakatA kA aura nAsti ko abhAvAtmakatA kA sUcaka mAnate haiM kintu yaha dRSTikoNa jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM ho sakatAudAharaNa ke lie jaina darzana meM AtmA bhAva rUpa hai vaha abhAva rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki syAt asti, syAt nAsti apane ApameM koI kathana nahIM hai, apita kathana ke tArkika AkAra haiM, ve kathana ke prArUpa haiN| una prArUpoM ke lie apekSA tathA uddezya aura vidheya padoM kA ullekha Avazyaka hai / jaise syAd asti bhaMga kA Thosa udAharaNa hogA-dravya kI apekSA AtmA nitya hai| yadi hama isameM apekSA (dravyatA) aura vidheya (nityatA) kA ullekha nahIM kareM aura kaheM ki syAd AtmA hai, to hamArA kathana bhrama pUrNa hogaa| apekSA aura vidheya pada ke ullekha ke abhAva meM saptabhaMgI ke AdhAra para kiye gaye kathana aneka bhrAntiyoM ko janma dete haiM, jisakA vizeSa vivecana hamane dvitIya bhaMga kI carcA ke prasaMga meM kiyA hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika kathana hai jise eka hetuphalAzrita vAkya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saptabhaMgI ke prasaMga meM utpanna bhrAntiyoM se bacane ke lie use nimna sAMketika rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. dekheM-jaina darzana-DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA pR. 300-307 /

Page #21
baraba842U ( 18 ) saptabhaMgI ke isa sAMketika prArUpa ke nirmANa meM hamane cihnoM kA prayoga unake sAmane darzita arthoM meM kiyA hai :cihna artha yadi-to(hetuphalAzrita kathana) apekSA (dRSTikoNa) saMyojana (aura) yugapat (ekasAtha) anantatva vyAghAtaka uddezya vidheya bhaMgoM ke Agamika rUpa bhaMgoM ke sAMketika rUpa Thosa udAharaNa syAt asti a u vi hai yadi dravyakI apekSAse vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai| syAt nAsti a- uvi nahIM hai yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| (a', u vi hai. yadi dravya kI apekSA se syAt asti nAsti ca a u vi nahIM hai vi , hI vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai aura yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| ((a a2) ya u yadi dravya aura paryAya donoM syAt avaktavya avaktavya hai hI apekSA se eka sAtha vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| (kyoMki do bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se do alaga-alaga kathana ho sakate haiM kintu eka kathana nahIM ho sktaa)|

Page #22
syAd astica (a'- u vi hai. avaktavyaca 3(a a2)ya u) avaktavya hai athavA a u vi hai. (a)ya-u avaktavya hai syAd nAstica (a'- u vi nahIM hai. avaktavya ca 2(a' a)ya - u ( avaktavya hai yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai kintu yadi AtmA kI dravya paryAya donoM yA ananta apekSAoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai kintu yadi ananta apekSA kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| athavA (a'- u vi nahIM hai. / (a00)ya- u avaktavya hai avaktavyaca syAd astica, (a' u vi hai. yadi dravya dRSTi se vicAra nAsti ca a u vi nahIM hai. karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai aura yadi paryAya dRSTi ((a)ya u avaktavya hai se vicAra karate haiM to athavA AtmA nitya nahIM hai kintu yadi apanI ananta ape(a' u vi hai. kSAoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA ava) a u vi nahIM hai. ktavya hai| (a a)ya- u avaktavya hai

Page #23
( 20 ) saptabhaMgI ke prastuta sAMketika rUpa meM hamane kevala do apekSAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu jaina vicArakoM ne dravya, kSetra kAla aura bhAva aisI cAra apekSAe~ mAnI haiM, usameM bhI bhAva-apekSA vyApaka hai usameM vastu kI avasthAoM ( paryAyoM ) evaM guNoM donoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| kintu yadi hama pratyeka apekSA kI saMbhAvanAoM para vicAra kareM to ye apekSAe~ bhI ananta hoMgI kyoMki vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai| apekSAoM kI ina vividha sambhAvanAoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu isa choTe se lekha meM yaha sambhava nahIM hai| ___ isa saptabhaMgI kA prathama bhaMga "syAt asti" hai| yaha svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| jaise apane dravya kI apekSA se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai, kSetra kI apekSA se indaura nagara meM banA huA hai, kAla kI apekSA se zizira Rtu kA banA huA hai, bhAva arthAt vartamAna paryAya kI apekSA se lAla raMga kA hai yA ghaTAkAra hai Adi / isa prakAra vastu ke sva dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva kI apekSA se usake bhAvAtmaka guNoM kA vidhAna karanA yaha prathama 'asti' nAmaka bhaMga kA kArya hai| dUsarA syAt, "nAsti" nAmaka bhaMga vastutattva ke abhAvAtmaka dharma yA dharmoM kI anupasthiti yA nAstitva kI sUcanA detA hai| vaha yaha batAtA hai ki vastu meM sva se bhinna para-catuSTaya kA abhAva hai| jaise yaha ghar3A tAmbe kA nahIM hai, bhopAla nagara se banA huA nahIM hai, grISma Rtu kA banA huA nahIM hai, kRSNa varNa kA nahIM hai Adi / mAtra itanA hI nahIM yaha bhaMga isa bAta ko bhI spaSTa karatA hai ki ghar3A, pustaka, Tebala, kalama, manuSya Adi nahIM hai| jahA~ prathama bhaMga yaha kahatA hai ki ghar3A ghar3A hI hai, vahA~ dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki ghar3A, ghaTa itara anya kucha nahIM hai| kahA gayA hai ki "sarvamasti svarUpeNa pararUpeNa nAsti ca" arthAt sabhI vastuoM kI sattA svarUpa se hai pararUpa se nhiiN| yadi vastu meM anya vastuoM ke gaNa dharmoM kI sattA bhI mAna lI jAyegI to phira vastuoM kA pArasparika bheda hI samApta ho jAvegA aura vastu kA sva-svarUpa hI nahIM raha jAvegA, ataH vastu meM para-catuSTaya kA niSedha karanA dvitIya bhaMga hai| prathama bhaMga batAtA hai ki vastu kyA hai, jabaki dUsarA bhaMga yaha batAtA hai ki vastu kyA nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA isa dvitIya bhaMga ko "syAt nAsti ghaTaH" arthAt kisI apekSA se ghar3A nahIM hai, isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai,

Page #24
( 21 ) kintu isake prastutIkaraNa kA yaha DhaMga thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai, sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para aisA lagatA hai ki prathama bhaMga meM ghaTa ke astitva kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, usI kA dvitIya bhaMga meM niSedha kara diyA gayA hai aura aisI sthiti meM syAdvAda ko sandehavAda yA AtmA virodhI kathana karane vAlA siddhAnta samajha lene kI bhrAnti ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| zaMkara prabhRti vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda kI jo AlocanA kI thI, usakA mukhya AdhAra yahI bhrAnti hai| 'syAt asti ghaTaH' aura 'syAt nAsti ghaTaH' meM jaba syAt zabda ko daSTi se ojhala kara yA use sambhAvanA ke artha meM grahaNa kara 'asti' aura 'nAsti' para bala diyA jAtA hai to Atma-virodha kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| jahA~ taka maiM samajha pAyA hU~ syAdvAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle kisI AcArya ko dRSTi meM dvitIya bhaMga kA kArya prathama bhaMga meM sthApita kiye gaye guNadharma kA usI apekSA se niSedha karanA nahIM hai, apitu yA to prathama bhaMga meM asti rUpa mAne gaye guNa dharma se itara guNa dharmoM kA niSedha karanA hai athavA phira apekSA ko badala kara usI guNa dharma kA niSedha karanA hotA hai aura isa prakAra dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga ke kathana ko puSTa karatA hai, khaNDita nhiiN| yadi dvitIya bhaMga ke kathana ko usI apekSA se prathama bhaMga kA niSedhaka yA virodhI mAna liyA jAvegA to nizcaya yaha siddhAnta saMzayavAda yA Atma virodha ke doSoM se grasita ho jAvegA, kintu aisA nahIM hai| yadi prathama bhaMga meM 'syAdastyeva ghaTaH' kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A hai aura dvitIya bhaMga meM "syAnnAstyeva ghaTaH" kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A nahIM hai aisA kareMge to AbhAsI rUpa se aisA lagegA ki donoM kathana virodhI haiN| kyoMki ina kathanoM ke bhASAyI svarUpa se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki ina kathanoM meM ghaTa ke astitva aura nAstitva ko hI sUcita kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jaina AcAryoM kI daSTi meM ina kathanoM kA bala unameM prayukta "syAt" zabda meM hI hai, ve yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga meM sthApita satya kA pratiSedha karatA hai| donoM bhaMgoM meM ghaTa ke sambandha meM jinakA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai ve apekSAzrita dharma haiM na ki ghaTa kA svayaM kA astitva yA nAstitva / punaH donoM bhaMgoM ke "apekSAzrita dharma" eka nahIM haiM, bhinna-bhinna haiN| prathama bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita dharmoM kA niSedha huA hai, ve dUsare arthAt para-catuSTaya ke haiM / ataH prathama bhaMga ke vidhAna aura dvitIya bhaMga ke niSedha meM koI Atma

Page #25
( 22 ) virodha nahIM hai / merI dRSTi meM isa bhrAnti kA mUla kAraNa prastuta vAkya meM usa vidheya pada ( Predicate ) ke spaSTa ullekha kA abhAva hai, jisakA ki vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai / yadi " nAsti" pada ko vidheya sthAnIya mAnA jAtA hai to punaH yahA~ yaha bhI prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jo ghaTa asti rUpa hai, vaha nAsti rUpa kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAve ki para dravyAdi kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai, kintu para dravyAdi ghaTa ke astitva ke niSedhaka kaise bana sakate haiM ? yadyapi yahA~ pUrvAcAryoM kA mantavya spaSTa hai ki ve ghaTa kA nahIM, apitu ghaTa meM para dravyAdi kA bhI niSedha karanA cAhate haiM / ve kahanA yaha cAhate haiM ki ghaTa paTa nahIM hai yA ghaTa meM paTa Adi ke dharma nahIM haiM, kintu smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki isa kathana meM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga meM apekSA nahIM badalI hai / yadi prathama bhaMga se yaha kahA jAve ki ghar3A miTTI kA hai aura dUsare bhaMga meM yaha kahA jAve ki ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai to donoM meM apekSA eka hI hai arthAt donoM kathana dravya kI yA upAdAna kI apekSA se haiM / aba dUsarA udAharaNa leN| kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya hai, kisI apekSA se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai, yahA~ donoM bhaMgoM meM apekSA badala jAtI hai / yahA~ prathama bhaMga meM dravya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya kahA gayA aura dUsare bhaMga meM paryAya kI apekSA se ghar3e ko nitya nahIM kahA gayA hai / dvitIya bhaMga ke pratipAdana ke ye donoM rUpa bhinna- bhinna haiM / dUsare yaha kahanA ki paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai yA paTa kI apekSA ghaTa nahIM hai, bhASA kI dRSTi se thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai kyoMki paracatuSTaya vastu kI sattAkA niSedhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / vastu meM paracatuSTaya arthAt sva-bhinna para dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kA abhAva to hotA hai kintu unakI apekSA vastu kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai / kyA yaha kahanA ki kursI kI apekSA Tebala nahIM hai yA pItala kI apekSA yaha ghar3A nahIM hai, bhASA ke abhrAnta prayoga haiM ? isa kathana meM jainAcAryoM kA Azaya to yahI hai ki Tebala kursI nahIM hai yA ghar3A pItala kA nahIM hai / ataH paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se vastu nahIM hai, yaha kahane kI apekSA yaha kahanA ki vastu meM paracatuSTaya kA abhAva hai, bhASA kA samyak prayoga hogA / vidvAnoM se merI vinatI hai ki ve saptabhaMgI ke vizeSa rUpa se dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMga ke bhASA ke svarUpa para aura svayaM unake AkArika svarUpa para punarvicAra kareM aura Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM

Page #26
use punargaThita kareM to jaina nyAya ke kSetra meM eka bar3I upalabdhi hogI kyoMki dvitIya evaM tRtIya bhaMgoM kI kathana vidhi ke vividha rUpa parilakSita hote haiN| ataH yahA~ dvitIya bhaMga ke vividha svarUpoM para thor3A vicAra karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogaa| merI dRSTi meM dvitIya bhaMga ke nimna cAra rUpa ho sakate haiM : sAMketika rUpa udAharaNa (1) prathama bhaMga-a u vi hai (1) prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma (vidheya) dvitIya bhaMga-a u nahIM hai kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMgameM usI dharma ( vidheya) kA niSedha kara denaa| jaise : dravyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai| paryAyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai| (2) prathama bhaMga-a u vi hai (2) prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma kA dvitIya bhaMga-aU vi hai| vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM usake viruddha dharma kA pratipAdana kara denA hai| jaise-dravyadRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai paryAyadRSTi se ghar3A anitya hai| (3) prathama bhaMga-a u vi hai (3) prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita dharma ko dvitIya bhaMga-a"-uvi nahI hai puSTa karane hetu usI apekSA se dvitIya bhaMga meM usake viruddha dharma yA bhinna dharma kA vastu meM niSedha kara denaa| jaise-raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja nIlI hai| raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja pIlI nahIM hai|

Page #27
( 24 ) athavA apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA meM cetana hai| apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA acetana nahIM hai| athavA upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai| upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A svarNa kA nahIM hai| (4) prathama bhaMga-a u hai (4) jaba pratipAdita kathana deza yA dvitIya bhaMga-a u nahIM hai kAla yA donoM ke sambandha meM ho taba deza-kAla Adi kI apekSA ko badalakara prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita kathana kA niSedha kara denaa| jaise-27 navambara kI apekSA se maiM yahA~ para huuN| 20 navambara kI apekSA se maiM yahA~ para nahIM thaa| dvitIya bhaMga ke uparokta cAroM rUpoM meM prathama aura dvitIya rUpa meM bahuta adhika maulika bheda nahIM hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jahA~ prathama rUpa meM eka hI dharma kA prathama bhaMga meM vidhAna aura dUsare bhaMga meM niSedha hotA hai, vahA~ dasare rUpa meM donoM bhaMgoM meM alaga-alaga rUpa meM do viruddha dharmoM kA vidhAna hotA hai| prathama rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai jaba vastu meM eka hI guNa apekSA bheda se kabhI upasthita rahe aura kabhI upasthita nahIM rahe / isa rUpa ke lie vastu meM do viruddha dharmoM ke yugala kA honA jarUrI nahIM hai, jabaki dUsare rUpa kA prastutIkaraNa kevala usI sthiti meM sambhava hotA hai, jabaki vastu meM dharma viruddha yugala ho| tIsarA rUpa taba banatA hai, jabaki

Page #28
( 25 ) usa vastu meM pratipAdita dharma ke viruddha dharma kI upasthiti ho na ho| caturtha rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai, jaba ki hamAre pratipAdana meM vidheya kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha na ho / dvitIya bhaMga ke pUrvokta rUpoM meM prathama rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) vahI rahatA hai aura kriyA pada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai| dvitIya rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha dharma (vidheya kA vyAghAtaka pada) hotA hai aura kriyApada vidhAnAtmaka hotA hai| tRtIya rUpa se apekSA vahI rahatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha yA viparIta pada rakhA jAtA hai aura kriyApada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai tathA antima caturtha rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai aura pratipAdita kathana kA niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai| saptabhaMgI kA tIsarA maulika bhaMga avaktavya hai ataH yaha vicAraNIya hai ki isa bhaMga kI yojanA kA uddezya kyA hai ? sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki vastu meM eka hI samaya meM rahate hue sat-asat, nitya-anitya Adi viruddha dharmoM kA yugapat arthAt eka sAtha pratipAdana karane vAlA koI zabda nahIM hai| ataH viruddha dharmoM kI eka sAtha abhivyakti kI zAbdika asamarthatA ke kAraNa avaktavya bhaMga kI yojanA kI gaI hai, kintu avaktavya kA yaha artha usakA ekamAtra artha nahIM hai| yadi hama avaktavya zabda para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to usake artha meM eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| DaoN0 padmarAje ne avaktavya ke artha ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai(1) pahalA vedakAlIna niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM vizva kAraNa kI khoja karate hue RSi usa kAraNa tattva ko na sat aura na asat __ kahakara vivecita karatA hai, yahA~ donoM pakSoM kA niSedha hai| (2) dUsarA aupaniSadika vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM sat, asat Adi virodhI tattvoM meM samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaise-"tadejati tannejati" aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAna aadi| yahA~ donoM pakSoM kI svIkRti (3) tIsarA dRSTikoNa jisameM tattva ko svarUpataH avyapadezya yA anirvacanIya mAnA gayA hai, yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upaniSadoM meM hI milatA hai use "to vAco nivartante", yadvAcAnabhyuditaM, naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakyoH Adi / buddha ke avyAkRtavAda evaM zUnyavAda

Page #29
( 26 ) kI catuSkoTi vinirmukta tattva ko dhAraNA meM bhI bahuta kucha isI dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| (4) cauthA dRSTikoNa jaina nyAya meM sApekSika avaktavyatA yA sApekSika anirvacanIyatA ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| sAmAnyatayA avaktavya ke nimna artha ho sakate haiM(1) sat va asat donoM kA niSedha krnaa| (2) sat, asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha karanA / (3) sat, asat, sat-asat (ubhaya) aura na sat na asat (anubhaya) cAroM kA niSedha krnaa| (4) vastutattva ko svabhAva se hI avaktavya mAnanA, arthAt yaha ki vastu tattva anubhava meM to A sakatA hai kintu kahA nahIM jA sktaa| (5) sat aura asat donoM ko yugapat rUpa se svIkAra karanA, kintu usake kathana ke lie koI zabda na hone ke kAraNa avaktavya kahanA / (6) vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai arthAt vastutattva ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai kintu zabdoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai aura isalie usameM jitane dharma haiM, utane vAcaka zabda nahIM haiN| ataH vAcaka zabdoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use aMzataH vAcya aura aMzataH avAcya mAnanA / yahA~ yaha prazna vicAraNIya ho sakatA hai ki jaina vicAra paramparA meM isa avaktavyatA ke kauna se artha mAnya rahe haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM avaktavyatA ke prathama tInoM niSedhAtmaka artha mAnya nahIM rahe haiN| usakA mAnya artha yahI hai ki sata aura asat donoM kA yugapat vivecana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai isalie vastutattva avaktavya hai; kintu yadi hama prAcIna jaina AgamoM ko dekheM to avaktavyatA kA yaha artha antima nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko jisa rUpa meM vacanAgocara kahA gayA hai vaha vicAraNIya hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA viSaya nahIM hai / vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai| vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM hai, (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM

Page #30
samajhAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha anupama hai, arUpI sattAvAna hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske|'' ise dekhate hue yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vastusvarUpa hI kucha aisA hai ki use vANI kA mAdhyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| punaH vastutattva kI ananta dharmAtmakatA aura zabdasaMkhyA kI sImitatA ke AdhAra para bhI vastutattva ko avaktavya mAnA gayA hai| AcArya nemIcandra ne gommaTasAra meM anabhilApya bhAva kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anubhava meM Aye avaktavya bhAvoM kA anantavA bhAga hI kathana kiyA jAne yogya hai| ataH yaha mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai ki jaina paramparA meM avaktavyatA kA kevala eka hI artha mAnya hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM avaktavyatA ke cauthe, pAMcaveM aura chaThe artha mAnya rahe haiN| phira bhI hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sApekSa avyaktavyatA aura nirapekSa avaktavyatA meM jainaM dRSTi sApekSa avaktavyatA ko svIkAra karatI hai, nirapekSa ko nhiiN| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutattva pUrNatayA vaktavya to nahIM hai kintu vaha pUrNatayA avaktavya bhI nahIM hai| yadi hama vastutattva ko pUrNatayA avaktavya arthAt anirvacanIya mAna leMge to phira bhASA evaM vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| ataH jaina dRSTikoNa vastutattva kI anirvacanIyatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki sApekSa rUpa se vaha nirvacanIya bhI hai| sattA aMzataH nirvacanIya hai aura aMzataH anirvacanIya / kyoMki yahI bAta usake sApekSavAdI dRSTikoNa aura syAdvAda siddhAnta ke anukUla hai| isa prakAra pUrva nirdiSTa pA~ca arthoM meM se pahale do ko chor3akara antima tInoM ko mAnane meM use koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| merI dRSTi meM avaktavya bhaMga kA bhI eka hI rUpa nahIM hai, prathama to "hai" aura "nahI hai" aise vidhi 1. savve sarA niyaTeMti, takkA jattha na vijjai maI tattha na gahiyA""uvamA na vijjaI apayasya payaM natthi / AcArAMga 1-5-171 2. paNNavaNijjA bhAvA aNaMtabhAMgo du aNamilappAnaM / paNNavaNijjANaM puNa aNaMtabhAgo sudanibaddho // gommaTasAra, jIva 334 /

Page #31
pratiSedha kA yugapad ( eka hI sAtha ) pratipAdana sambhava nahIM hai, ataH avaktavya bhaMga kI yojanA hai / dUsare nirapekSa rUpa se vastutattva kA kathana sambhava nahIM hai, ataH vastutattva avaktavya hai / tIsare apekSAe~ ananta ho sakatI haiM kintu ananta apekSAoM se yugapad rUpa meM vastutattva kA pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai isalie bhI use avaktavya mAnanA hogaa| isake nimna tIna prArUpa haiM (3) (a) ( ya (1 ) ( a ' a ) u avaktavya hai, * (2) ~ avaktavya hai, 28 ) ya u avaktavya hai / saptabhaMgI ke zeSa cAroM bhaMga sAyogika haiM / vicAra kI spaSTa abhivyakti kI dRSTi se inakA mahattva to avazya hai kintu inakA apanA koI svatantra dRSTikoNa nahIM hai, ye apane saMyogI mUlabhaMgoM kI apekSA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue hI vastusvarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM / ataH ina para yahA~ vistRta vicAra apekSita nahIM hai / saptabhaMgI aura trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra : vartamAna yuga meM pAzcAtya tarkazAstra ke vicArakoM meM lyusAivika ne eka nayI dRSTi dI hai, usake anusAra tArkika nirNayoM meM kevala satya, asatya aise do mUlya hI nahIM hote, apitu satya, asatya aura sambhAvita satya aise tIna mUlya hote haiM / isI saMdarbha meM DaoN0 esa0 esa0 bAraliMge ne jaina nyAya ko trimUlyAtmaka siddha karane kA prayAsa jayapura kI eka goSThI meM kiyA thA / yadyapi jahA~ taka jainanyAya yA syAdvAda ke siddhAMta kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA haiM kyoMki jaina nyAya meM pramANa, sunaya aura durnaya aise tIna kSetra mAne gaye haiM, isameM pramANa sunizcita satya, sunaya sambhAvitasatya aura durnaya asatyatA ke paricAyaka haiM / punaH jaina dArzanikoM ne pramANavAkya aura nayavAkya aise do prakAra ke vAkya mAnakara pramANavAkya ko sakalAdeza ( sunizcita satya yA pUrNa satya ) aura nayavAkya ko vikalAdeza (sambhAvita satya yA AMzika satya) kahA hai / nayavAkya ko na satya kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asatya / ataH satya

Page #32
( 29 ) aura asatya ke madhya eka tIsarI koTi AMzika satya yA sambhAvita satya mAnI jA sakatI hai / punaH vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA evaM syAdvAda siddhAMta bhI sambhAvita satyatA ke samarthaka haiM kyoMki vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA anya sambhAvanAoM ko nirasta nahIM karatI hai aura syAdvAda usa kathita satyatA ke atirikta anya sambhAvita satyatAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / isa prakAra jaina darzana kI vastutattva kI anantadharmAtmakatA tathA pramANa, naya aura durnaya kI dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda siddhAMta trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Three valued logic) yA bahumUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Many valued logic) kA samarthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu jahAM taka saptabhaMgI kA prazna hai use trimUlyAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usameM nAsti nAmaka bhaMga evaM avaktavya nAmaka bhaMga kramazaH asatya evaM aniyatatA (Indeterminate) ke sUcaka nahIM haiM / saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga satya-mUlya kA sUcaka hai yadyapi jaina vicArakoM ne pramANa - saptabhaMgI aura naya-saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM saptabhaMgI ke jo do rUpa mAne haiM, usake AdhAra para yahA~ kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramANa - saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sunizcita satyatA aura naya saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga sambhAvita yA AMzika satyatA kA pratipAdana karate haiM / asatya kA sUcaka to kevala durnaya hI hai / ataH saptabhaMgI trimUlyAtmaka nahIM hai / kintu mere ziSya DaoN bhikhArI rAma yAdava ne apane prastuta zodha nibandha meM atyanta zramapUrvaka saptabhaMgI ko saptamUlyAtmaka siddha kiyA hai aura apane pakSa ke samarthana meM samakAlIna pAzcAtya tarkazAstra se pramANa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| AzA hai vidvajjana unake isa prayAsa kA samyak mUlyAMkana kreNge| Aja mujhe isa bAta kI prasannatA hai ki ki mere hI ziSya ne cintana ke kSetra meM mujhase eka kadama Age rakhA hai / hama guru-ziSya meM kauna satya hai yA asatya hai yaha vivAda ho sakatA hai yaha nirNaya to pAThakoM ko karanA hai; kintu anekAnta zailI meM apekSAbheda se donoM bhI satya ho sakate hai / vaise zAstrakAroM ne kahA hai ki ziSya se parAjaya guru ke lie parama Ananda kA viSaya hotA hai kyoMki vaha usake jIvana kI sArthakatA kA avasara hai /

Page #33
yadyapi syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI eka durUha viSaya hai, phira bhI lekhaka ne use sahajaDhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai, usakA yaha prastutIkaraNa syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM vartamAna meM eka viziSTa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karegA, aisA merA vizvAsa hai / pro0 sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna vArANasI

Page #34
prAkkathana syAdvAda jaina-darzana kI apanI viziSTatA hai| jaina-darzana meM isakA itanA adhika mahattva hai ki yaha jaina-darzana kA paryAya hI mAnA jAtA hai| vastutaH syAdvAda jaina-darzana kA prANa hai| sampUrNa jaina darzana isI para AdhArita hai| syAdvAda "syAt" aura "vAda" ina do zabdoM se niSpanna hai| "syAt" kA artha hai dRSTikoNa-vizeSa yA apekSA-vizeSa aura "vAda" kA artha hai kathana yA pratipAdana / isa prakAra syAdvAda kA artha hogA syAt pUrvaka vAda arthAt sApekSika pratipAdana / __ jaina darzana ke anusAra vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka haiM (ananta dharmakaM vstu)| vastu meM sattva-asattva, nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva, bhAvaabhAva Adi aneka paraspara virodhI guNa-dharma pAye jAte haiN| ina ananta guNa-dharmoM ke kAraNa hI vastu ko anekAntAtmaka kahA jAtA hai| vastu kA yaha anekAntAtmaka svarUpa syAdvAda ke dvArA mukharita hotA hai| isIlie syAdvAda ko anekAntavAda kA vAcaka kahA jAtA hai| syAdvAda kA yaha bhASAyIrUpa jina prakathanoM se abhivyakta hotA hai, usI ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| hamArI bhASA "vidhi" aura "niSedha" se AveSTita hai| hamAre sabhI prakathana "hai" aura "nahIM hai" ina do hI prArUpoM meM abhivyakta hote haiN| sAmAnya tarkazAstra bhI prakathana ke vidhi aura niSedha ina do hI mAnadaNDoM ko apanAtA hai| kintu kabhI-kabhI aisI samasyAe~ bhI AtI haiM jaba kevala vidhi-mukha se yA kevala niSedha-mukha se kathya ko spaSTa karanA asambhava ho jAtA hai| aise bhI vikalpa hote haiM jinakA pratipAdana "hai"-(vidhi) aura "nahIM hai" (niSedha) se nahIM ho pAtA hai| aisI paristhiti meM eka tIsare vikalpa kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| jise jaina darzana meM avAcya yA "avaktavya" kahA jAtA hai| inhIM tIna "hai", "nahIM hai" aura "avaktavya" -vikalpoM se jaina darzana sAta prakAra kA prakathana taiyAra karatA hai| jise saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| vastutaH saptabhaMgI mUlarUpa se "hai" (asti), "nahIM hai" (nAsti) aura 'avAcya' (avaktavya) para hI AdhArita hai / ina tInoM mUlabhUta

Page #35
( 32 ) bhaMgoM se sAta hI bhaMga taiyAra hote haiN| ise jaina AcAryoM ne gaNitazAstra (Mathematics) ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai| yadi asti = a, nAsti = ba aura avaktavya = sa hai to inake saMyoga se apunarUkta bhaMga sAta hI baneMge-a,ba,aba,sa,asa, basa aura abs| kintu prazna yaha hai ki kyA saptabhaMgI ke ye sAtoM kathana tarkataH satya haiM yA inameM satyatA, asatyatA aisI do hI koTiyA~ haiM ? kyA ye mAtra tArkika prArUpa (Logical Form) haiM ? kyA Adhunika tarkazAstra ke vividha siddhAnta jaise dvi-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Two Valued Logic), tri-malyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Three Valued Logic) bahu-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra (Many Valued Logic), mAnaka tarkazAstra (Modal Logic), saMbhAvya tarkazAstra (Probability Logic) ityAdi se inakA koI sambandha hai ? kyA ina saptabhaMgoM kA satya mUlyAMkana sambhava hai ? kyA saptabhaMgI tri-mUlyAtmaka hai ? athavA yadi yaha tri-mUlyAtmaka nahIM hai to kyA yaha sapta-mUlyAtmaka hai ? aadi-aadi| prastuta prabandha meM inhIM samasyAoM ko lekara jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika sandarbha meM vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna kiyaa| gayA hai| isa zodha prabandha ko kUla cha: adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya "anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa" hai| yaha adhyAya do vibhAgoM evaM chaH upa-vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama vibhAga meM IsApUrva chaThIM zatAbdI ke dArzanika cintana kI sthiti kA citraNa hai| isa vibhAga meM kramazaH upaniSadoM meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM, bauddhapiTaka sAhitya meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM aura jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kA prastutIkaraNa huA hai| dvitIya vibhAga meM dArzanika cintana meM upalabdha virodhasamAdhAna yA samanvaya ke prayatna ko carcA hai, jo upaniSadoM, bauddhapiTaka sAhitya aura jainAgama sAhitya ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| isI prasaMga meM upaniSadoM ke anirvacanIya dRSTikoNa, buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa aura jaina paramparA ke samanvaya ke prayAsa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko tIna rUpoM meM abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai-ekAntavAda kA niSedha, avyAkRtavAda aura vibhjyvaad| jaina paramparA meM jisa samanvaya dRSTi kA vikAsa huA usakA AdhAra mahAvIra

Page #36
( 33 ) kI vidhAyaka dRSTi, vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA aura anekAnta kI avadhAraNA hai| isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra yaha samanvayavAdI vicAradhArA upaniSad kAla se calakara bauddhAgamoM meM hotI haI jaina paramparA meM vikasita hokara syAdvAda ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| jaina vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki yadyapi syAdvAda ke mUlatattva Agama granthoM meM haiM, kintu usakA vikAsa kramazaH huA hai| isakA isa adhyAya meM vistRta vivecana hai| upaniSad kAla meM vizva ke mUlatattva ko lekara vibhinna prakAra ke mata-matAntara pracalita the| satvAdI, asatvAdI, caitanyavAdI, acaitanyavAdI aadi-aadi| bauddha piTaka granthoM meM 62 mithyAdRSTiyoM kA ullekha hai| jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI aura ajJAnavAdI ina cAra mUla dRSTikoNoM kA vistRta vivecana hai| kintu, upaniSad kAla se hI ina paraspara virodhI vicAradhAoM ke bIca samanvaya ke bhI prayAsa cala rahe the| upaniSadoM meM aise aneka sUtra upalabdha haiM jo aneka virodhI vicAradhArAoM ko apane meM samAhita karate haiM / dekhie tadejati tannejati tadre tadantike / tadantarasya sarvasya tada sarvasyAsya bAhyataH / / -Iza0 5. aura bhI :aNoraNIyAnmahato mahIyAnAtmAsya jantonihito guhAyAm / -kaTha0, 1-2-20. bhagavAn buddha ne tatkAlIna zAzvatvAdI, ucchedavAdI Adi paraspara virodhI mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA kI aura kahA ki sabake saba mantavya doSapUrNa haiM kyoMki ye sabhI tattva ke eka-eka pakSa kA hI nirUpaNa karate haiN| vastutaH ye sabhI matavAda ekAntika haiM aura isalie mithyA haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne sabhI matavAdoM ko tyAjya batAyA hai paramanti diTThIsu paribbasAno, yaduttariM kurute jantu loke / hInAti aJce tato sabbamAha, tassA vivAdAni avItivatto // 1 //

Page #37
( 34 ) arthAt isa saMsAra meM jo apanI dRSTi ko uttama mAna baiThatA hai, usa kAraNa lar3AI karatA hai aura dUsaroM ko nIca samajhatA hai| vaha vivAdoM se pare nahIM hai| isIlie unhoMne kahA ki jJAnIjana aisI dRSTi meM nahIM par3ate haiM diTThimmi so na pacceti kiJca / kintu tatkAlIna sabhI matavAdoM ke niSedha karane ke kAraNa hI bauddha darzana zUnyavAda kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| jabaki buddha ke niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa ke viparIta mahAvIra ne vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa apnaayaa| unhoMne tatkAlIna sabhI mantavyoM ko svIkAra kara unameM samanvaya kA prayatna kiyaa| mahAvIra ke anusAra ukta sabhI mantavya yadi pUrNa satya nahIM haiM to ve pUrNataH asatya bhI nahIM haiN| ataH mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna sabhI matavAdoM meM satyAMza dekhA aura sabakA samanvaya kiyaa| kahA bhI gayA hai yathA sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA, garahaMtA paraM vayaM / je u tattha viussaMti, saMsAre te viussiyA // -sUtrakRtAMga, 1-2-23. arthAt jo puruSa apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM tathA dUsare ke vacanoM kI nindA karate haiM ve saMsAra meM majabUtI se jakar3e hue haiM-dRr3harUpa se Abaddha haiM / isI samanvayAtmaka pravRtti se jainoM kI vidhAyaka dRSTi kA vikAsa huA unake anusAra nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva Adi eka hI sat ke aneka pakSa haiN| ye sabhI pakSa eka hI kAla meM sattA meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| yahI nahIM, unhoMne pratyeka padArtha ko anantadharmAtmaka batAyA aura kahA ki nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva Adi aneka paraspara virodhI guNa-dharma pratyeka vastu meM pAye jAte haiN| yahI vastU kI anantadharmAtmakatA hai| vastu kI isI anantadharmAtmakatA kA pratipAdana anekAntavAda karatA hai| isa prakAra ina sabhI viSayoM kA prastuta adhyAya meM vistRta vivecana hai| isa prabandha kA dUsarA adhyAya "syAdvAdaH eka sApekSika dRSTi" hai| isa adhyAya meM syAdvAda ke artha, "syAt" zabda ke vyutpattigat artha, syAt zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM utpanna vibhinna bhrAntiyA~ evaM unake

Page #38
( 35 ) nirAkaraNa, syAt pada ke vAstavika artha tathA syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ke sambandha ke saMdarbha meM eka vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda meM vAcya-vAcaka bhAva sambandha hai| "anekAntAtmakArtha kathanaM syAdvAdaH / " / kyoMki vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka hone se anekAntAtmaka haiM aura vastu kI isa anekAntAtmakatA kA pratipAdana anekAntavAda karatA hai| kintu vastu kA yaha anekAntAtmaka svarUpa syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se hI abhivyakta hotA hai| isalie syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda meM vAcya-vAcaka yA AdhAraAdheya sambandha hai| anekAntavAda vAcya hai to syAdvAda usakA vAcaka hai| syAdvAda "syAt" aura "vAda" ina do zabdoM ke saMyoga se niSpanna hai| "syAt" kA artha hai, daSTikoNa vizeSa yA apekSA aura vAda kA artha hai kathana yA prtipaadn| isa prakAra syAdvAda kA artha hogA syAt pUrvakavAda arthAt sApekSatApUrNa kathana krnaa| kintU, isa syAdvAda ke saMdarbha meM vibhinna prakAra kI bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ haiN| una bhrAnta dhAraNAoM ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM "syAt" pada ko ThaharAyA jAtA hai| yaha kahA jAtA hai ki syAdvAda kI samasta bhrAntiyoM kA mUla "syAt" zabda hI hai| isI syAt zabda ke artha ke saMdarbha meM vibhinna vicArakoM ne vibhinna vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| isa adhyAya meM una sabhI dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM ko ekatrita karake unakI bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa aura "syAt" zabda kA yuktiyukta artha prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt "jJAna aura vacana kI prAmANikatA" nAmaka tIsarA adhyAya AtA hai| isa adhyAya meM jJAna evaM kathana kI prAmANikatA ke prazna ko lekara vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM pramANa, naya aura durnaya kI bhI vivecanA prastuta kI gayI hai| ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu kA svarUpa itanA guhaya hai ki usakA pUrNataH jJAna prApta karanA eka sAmAnya manuSya ke lie asambhava hai aura yadi kisI taraha usakA jJAna prApta ho bhI jAya to usakA kahanA asambhava hai, kyoMki vANI ko zakti atyanta sImita hai| kahA bhI gayA hai

Page #39
( 36 ) paNNavaNijjA bhAvA, aNaMtabhAgo tu aNNabhilappANaM / paNNavaNijjANaM paNa, anaMtabhAgo sudaNibaddho // - vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 35. arthAt saMsAra meM aise bahuta se padArtha haiM jo anabhilApya haiM / zabdoM dvArA unakA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| aise padArthoM kA anantavA~ bhAga hI prajJApanIya hotA hai / ina prajJApanIya padArthoM kA bhI anantavA~ bhAga hI zAstra meM nibaddha hai / vastuta: yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki amuka zAstra kI bAta yA amuka jJAnI kI hI bAta mAtra satya hai / isalie vastu ke saMdarbha meM sApekSika kathana karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra ye sApekSa kathana pramANa haiM / inhIM ko samyak naya bhI kahA jAtA hai / vastu ke eka-eka dharma kA nirapekSataH kathana karane vAle sabhI naya, durnaya haiM aura ve durnaya hone se mithyA haiM, kintu ve jaba sApekSa hote haiM to samyak naya aura yathArtha ho jAte haiM / naya ko samyak naya hone ke lie jaina darzana meM eka parimANaka ke rUpa meM " syAt " pada kI yojanA hai / yaha " syAt" kathana ke pUrva meM Akara kathana ko sApekSa banAtA hai / vastutaH syAt pUrvaka sApekSa kathana hI prAmANika hai / isa prabandha ke cauthe adhyAya meM bhaMgavAda ke vikAsa ko spaSTa karate hue una bhaMgoM kI Agamika vyAkhyA prastuta kI gayI hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra saptabhaMgI kA vikAsa Agama granthoM, vizeSataH bhagavatIsUtra yA viyAhapati se hI huA hai / saptabhaMgI ke cAra bhaMga to upaniSad kAla se hI cale A rahe haiM - sat-pakSa, asat-pakSa, ubhaya pakSa aura anubhaya pakSa | ye cAroM pakSa bauddha darzana meM bhI upalabdha haiM / jainAgamoM meM inhIM cAroM pakSoM ko vikasita karake sAta prakAra kA banA diyA gayA hai / isI ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / vastutaH saptabhaMgI ke pUrva ke cAra bhaMga Agamika aura uttara ke tIna bhaMga navIna haiM jo ki jainoM ke dvArA diye gaye haiM / yadyapi ye sabhI usI rUpa meM yahA~ svIkRta nahIM haiM jisa rUpa meM aupaniSadik granthoM meM yA bauddhAgamoM meM prayukta haiM / inake artha ke sambandha meM kucha parivartana huA hai / jahA~ bauddha darzana ina pakSoM ko niSedha rUpa se prayukta karatA hai vahIM jaina darzana vidhAyaka rUpa aMgIkAra karatA hai / isIlie saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMgoM ko vidheyAtmaka kahA gayA hai| isakI vizad carcA prastuta adhyAya meM hai /

Page #40
( 37 ) jise citra dvArA isa prabandha ke paMcama adhyAya meM pAzcAtya pratIkavAdI aura bahumUlyAtmaka tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai / isa adhyAya meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki saptabhaMgI na to dvimUlyAtmaka hai aura na trimUlyAtmaka | parantu yaha sapta mUlyAtmaka hai / isa saMdarbha meM jaina vicArakoM kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue bhautika vijJAna ke siddhAnta se tulanA kI gayI hai aura usake AdhAra para saptabhaMgI kI saptamUlyAtmakatA ko nirdhArita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / bhautika vijJAna meM yaha kalpanA kI gayI hai ki yadi bhinna-bhinna raMga vAle tIna prakSepaka isa prakAra vyavasthita kiye jAyeM ki tInoM ke prakAza eka dUsare para aMzataH par3eM aura pratyeka prakSepaka se nikalane vAle prakAza ko yadi hama eka avayava mAneM to unase sAta prakAra ke kSetra kA nirdhAraNa hogA aura ve sAtoM kSetra eka dUsare se bhinna hoMge / spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra saptabhaMgI meM pUrva ke tIna bhaMgoM ko mUla aura zeSa cAra bhaMgoM ko unakA sAMyogika bhaMga mAnA jAya to ve sabhI eka dUsare se bhinna aura alaga-alaga mUlya vAle hogeM / isa bAta kI carcA pro0 jI0 bI0 barca ne bhautika vijJAna ke tIna siddhAnta - taraMga - siddhAnta, kaNikA - siddhAnta aura kvAnTama thiyarI (Undulatory theory, Corpuscular theory and Quantum Theory) ke AdhAra para kI hai / jisakA pUrNataH vivecana evaM samIkSaNa prastuta adhyAya keprArambha meM kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM bhaMgoM kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa aura eka citrAtmaka prArUpa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / saptabhaMgI ko pratIkIkRta karane ke lie saMbhAvyatA - tarkazAstra kA sahArA liyA gayA hai / yadyapi saptabhaMgI saMbhAvya nahIM hai aura na to ise saMbhAvyAtmaka mUlya hI diyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki saptabhaMgI saMbhAvyAtmaka nahIM hai / yaha vastu ke sandarbha meM nizcayAtmaka kathana karatI hai / kintu, saMbhAvyatA- tarkazAstra meM prakathana ke aneka satyatA mUlyoM kI avadhAraNA hai, jisameM se kisI bhI mUlya ko prApta karanA sarala hai / isalie saptabhaMgI hetu sAta mUlyoM ko saMbhAvyatA ke AdhAra para prApta karanA saMbhava haiM / isake lie hamane saMbhAvyatA- tarkazAstra se AkAra grahaNa kiyA hai, kyoMki saMbhAvyatA- tarkazAstra ke eka siddhAnta se saptabhaMgI kI AkRtigata samAnatA hai / vaha isa prakAra hai

Page #41
( 38 ) P (AB) = P (A). P (B) P(AC) = P(A). P (C) P(BC) = P (B).P ( C ) P(ABC) = P(A). P (B). P (C). jisameM A, B aura C tIna svatantra ghaTanAe~ ( Independent events ) haiM aura P saMbhAvyatA (Probability) rUpa parimANaka hai tathA " . " saMyojana ( Conjunction ) kA pratIka hai / yadyapi saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaMga svatantra ghaTanAyeM nahIM haiM, kintu ukta svatantra ghaTanAoM kA vyavahAra usI prakAra hotA hai, jisa prakAra saptabhaMgI ke tIna mUla bhaMgoM kA / isI vyAvahArika samAnatA ke kAraNa hamane syAdasta ko P (A) syAnnAsti ko P ( ~ B) aura syAdavaktavya ko P ( ~C) mAnA hai / isameM P " syAt " pada kA pratIka hai| ina pratIkoM kA Azaya Upara ke pratIkoM ke Azaya se bhinna haiM kintu mAtra unake pratIkoM ko lene saptabhaMgI kA nimnalikhita prArUpa banatA hai 1. syAdasti = P (A) 2. syAnnAsti = P (~B) 3. syAdasti ca nAsti = P (A. ~ B) 4. syAdavaktavya = P (~C) 5. syAdasti cAvaktavya = P(A.~C) 6. syAnnAsti cAvaktavya P(~ B. ~C) 7. syAdasti ca nAsti cAvaktavya ca = P (A.~B.~C) isameM saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka kathana ko vidheyAtmaka rUpa se hI grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| aisA kyoM kiyA gayA hai, isa bAta ko bhI prastuta prabandha meM vistRta rUpa se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai nimna citroM ke dvArA bhI citrita kiyA jA / saptabhaMgI kI saptamUlyatA ko sakatA hai

Page #42
( 39 ) lAla vAyaleTa pAlA 124 kAlA KURIA nIlA yadyapi yaha citraNa vena DAigrAma jaisA nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha usake kisI bhI siddhAnta ke antargata nahIM AtA hai| lekina, yaha citra saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM bhaMgoM ke kSetra-nirdhAraNa meM samartha hai| isase saptabhaMgI kI saptamalyatA nizcita hotI hai| vastutaH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki saptabhaMgI saptamUlyAtmaka hai| isake sAtoM bhaMgoM kA tArkika mUlya hai| inakA yaha mUlyAMkana samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke dvArA karanA saMbhava hai| isa prabandha kA chaThA~ aura antima adhyAya upasaMhAra hai| jisameM isa prabandha kA sAra prastuta hai| usameM saptabhaMgI kI saptabhaMgitA kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usameM yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki saptabhaMgI na to dvi-mUlyAtmaka hai aura na to tri-mUlyAtmaka hai| pratyut yaha sapta mUlyAtmaka hai| isa prasaMga meM ise bahu-mUlyAtmaka bhI kahanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hai| ___isa prakAra prastuta prabandha meM saptabhaMgI kA Adhunika tarkazAstrIya saMdarbho meM punarmUlyAMkana karane kA yathAzakti prayatna kiyA gayA hai| hamArA yaha prayAsa rahA hai ki isakA koI bhI pakSa achUtA na rahe / yadyapi isakA adhyayana pro0 saMgama lAla pANDeya ne tri-malyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke saMdarbha meM, DaoN0 (zrImatI) AzA jaina ne mAnaka tarkazAstra ke saMdarbha meM, pro0 bAraliMge ne saMbhAvyatA ke sandarbha meM, DaoN0 DI0 esa0 koThArI ne bhautika vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM, pro0 jI0 bI0 barca ne bhautika vijJAna ke saMdarbha meM, DaoN0 mahalanavisa (saciva, bhAratIya sAMkhyikIya saMsthAna, kalakattA) ne sAMkhyikI ke sandarbha meM, DaoN0 Ara0 ena0 mukarjI ne saMbhAvya tarkazAstra ke pariprekSya meM aura DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne Adhunika tarkazAstrIya pratIkAtmakatA ke

Page #43
( 40 ) saMdarbha meM kiyA hai, phira bhI usakI saptamUlyAtmakatA ko kisI ne bhI spaSTa nahIM kiyaa| kintu hamArI dRSTi meM jaina AcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI ko sapta malyAtmaka hI mAnA hai| isalie yaha Avazyaka thA ki sapta mUlyAtmakatA ke sandarbha meM isakI vyAkhyA kA prayatna kiyA jAya / yadyapi mujhe apane isa prayAsa meM kitanI saphalatA milI hai, yaha nirNaya to vidvatjana hI kreNge| bhikhArIrAma yAdava prAdhyApaka darzana esa0 ena0 sinhA kAleja auraMgAbAda (bihAra)

Page #44
AbhAra aba isa zodha-prabandha ko pUrA karane meM mujhe jina-jina mahAnubhAvoM se sneha pUrNa sahayoga prApta huA hai, maiM una sabake prati kRtajJatA jJApita kara denA apanA parama kartavya samajhatA hU~ / sarvaprathama maiM pitRtulya nirdezaka vidvat-vara pUjya DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina evaM pUjanIyA mAtA zrImatI kamalA bAI jaina ke pAvana AzIrvAda se isa anuSThAna ko pUrNa karane meM samartha ho sakA hU~ / unake paurohitya ke binA mujha akiMcana agnihotrI dvArA isa kArya kA zrIgaNeza karanA taka sambhava nahIM thA / vastutaH yaha prabandha unakI pAvana anukampA kA hI pratiphala hai / etadartha isa mahAn sahayoga hetu unheM ina akSama zabdoM ke dvArA dhanyavAda denA to saMbhava nahIM hai, unake snehapUrNa bahumukhI nirdezana hetu maiM cirAbhArI rahU~gA / isake sAtha hI mujha para pUjya guru DaoN0 Ara0 ena0 mukarjI, rIDara, darzana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya kA bhI kama RNa nahIM haiM, jinake tarkazAstrIya nirdezana ke binA isa nibandha kA samApana kadApi saMbhava nahIM thA / ataeva maiM unake sauhArdrapUrNa nirdezana hetu kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / punaH, pUjya pitA zrI ghurapattara yAdava, mAtA zrImatI sahadeI ke pAvana AzISa evaM patnI zAradA devI ke sahayoga ko bhI bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / taduparAnta maiM apane vibhAgAdhyakSa pro0 rAmazaMkara mizra kA bhI AbhArI hU~, jinake kAryakAla meM mujhe hara Avazyaka vibhAgIya sahAyatA prApta huI, jisase samasta kArya sahaja hotA gayA / isa prasaMga meM maiM pro0 ena0 esa0 esa0 ramana ( darzana vibhAga kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0) kA bhI RNI hU~, kyoMki unhoMne mujhe apane kAryakAla meM pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna se ukta viSaya para kArya karane kI anumati pradAna kI thI / isake sAtha hI maiM DaoN0 revatIramaNa pANDeya rIDara, darzana vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0, DaoN0 ela0 ena0 zarmA, prophesara, darzana vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0, zrI kedAra nAtha mizra, rIDara, darzana vibhAga, kA0hi0vi0vi0, zrI kamalAkara mizra, DaoN0 badrInAtha siMha, pro0 e0 ke0 caTarjI Adi sabhI

Page #45
( 42 ) gurujanoM kA AbhArI hU~ jinase mujhe samaya-samaya para snehapUrNa protsAhana prApta hotA rahA hai| isI prasaMga meM maiM una tarkavidoM evaM vidvAnoM ko bhI dhanyavAda detA hU~, jinakI kRtiyoM se pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM isa prabandha ko pUrA karane meM sahAyatA prApta huI hai| khAsataura se maiM paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA, pro0 saMgamalAla pANDeya, pro0 bAraliMge, pro0 koThArI, pro0 jI0 bI0 barca, pro0 mahalanavisa, pro0 mohanalAla mehatA Adi tarkavidoM kA AbhArI huuN| saptabhaMgI kI tArkika vyAkhyA kA prAthamika prayAsa inhIM saba vicArakoM kA rahA hai| maiMne isa prabandha meM jo kucha bhI kiyA hai, vaha saba inhIM ke kRtiyoM se prApta dRSTi kA pratiphala hai| isa zodha prabandha ke praNayana hetu mujhe zrI gaNapatarAja jI boharA evaM nyUkemaplAsTiksa se zodha-vRtti prApta huI ataH unakA bhI AbhArI huuN| ___ isake bAda maiM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna evam isake padAdhikAriyoM yathA-mantrI AdaraNIya zrI bhUpendranAthajI jaina, maMgala prakAza mehatA tathA kAryAlaya adhikArI zrI mohanalAlajI ko dhanyavAda detA hU~, jinase mujhe yathAsaMbhava Arthika, pustakIya evaM anya sahAyatA prApta hotI rahI hai| tatpazcAt maiM apane ananya mitroM DaoN0 aruNapratApa siMha, DaoN0 ravi zaMkara mizra, DaoN0 zrIrAma yAdava, zrI zivazaMkara yAdava, DaoN0 narendra bahAdura aura zrI mahendra yAdava tathA DaoN0 oma prakAza (auraMgAbAda) ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| __isa zodha-prabandha ke prUpha-saMzodhana meM zrI maheza kumAra, DaoN0 zivaprasAda evaM DA0 azokakumAra siMha ne atyadhika sahayoga kiyA hai isalie ina sabake prati bhI AbhAra jJApita karatA huuN| isa grantha kI prastAvanA ke rUpa meM zraddheya guruvarya pro0 sAgaramala jaina kA nibandha prApta huA etadartha unake prati maiM punaH AbhAra prakaTa karatA huuN| ( bhikhArIrAma yAdava ) prAdhyApaka darzana esa0 ena0 sinhA kAleja, auraMgAbAda (bihAra)

Page #46
anukrama prathama adhyAya : anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa IsA pUrva chaThIM zatAbdI kA dArzanika cintana 1; upaniSadoM, bauddhapiTaka sAhitya aura jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAyeM 11; dArzanika cintana meM upalabdha virodha ke samAdhAna yA samanvaya ke prayatna 15 aupaniSadikacintana meM upalabdha virodha- samAdhAna ke sUtra 15; buddha kA dRSTikoNa 18; ekAntavAda kA niSedha 18; avyAkRtavAda 21; vibhajyavAda 25; jaina paramparA meM samanvaya kA prayAsa 28; mahAvIra kA vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa 29; vastuoM kI anantadharmAtmakatA 35; anekAntavAda kI avadhAraNA 42; dvitIya adhyAya: syAdvAda eka sApekSika dRSTi syAdvAda kA tAtparya 50; syAt zabda kA vyutpattigata artha 56; vastuoM kI anantadharmAtmakatA 61; mAnavIya jJAna kI apUrNatA 62; bhASAbhivyakti kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatA 63; syAt zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM vibhinna bhrAntiyA~ evaM unakA nirAkaraNa 64; saptabhaMgoM meM eka hI vastu kA vidhAna aura niSedha karanA 69; pratyeka vastu ko svadharmAzrayI ke sAtha hI viruddha dharma yugalAzrayI siddha karanA 70; pratyeka bhaMga ke uddezya aura vidheya ko pUrNatayA spaSTa na karanA 71; pratyeka bhaMga ko eka nizcitamUlya pradAna na karanA 72; syAt pada ko anekArthaka mAnanA 72; syAt pada kA vAstavika artha 72; anantadharmatA kA dyotaka 75; vastu meM kathya dharma kI sApekSatA kA sUcaka 75; prakathana ko sApekSa evaM sImita banAnA 75; ekAntatA kA niSedhaka 75; 'eva' se yojita hokara prakathana ko nizvayAtmaka banAnA aura tadvirodhI prakathana kA vyavaccheda karanA 76; anekAntavAda aura syAdavAda kA sambandha 76; 1-49 50-80

Page #47
( 44 ) tRtIya adhyAya : jJAna evaM vacana ko prAmANikatA 81-118 jJAna kI prAmANikatA kA prazna 81; yathArtha 86; abAdhitva 86; aprasiddha artha khyApana yA apUrva artha prApaNa 86; avisaMvAditva yA saMvAdI pravRtti 87; pravRtti sAmarthya yA arthakriyAkAritva 87; vacana kI prAmANikatA kA prazna 89; 1. paryAptika bhASA 94:-paryAptika satya bhASA 94; janapadasatya 95; sammata satya 96; sthApanA satya 96; nAma satya 96; rUpa satya 97; pratIti satya 96; vyavahAra satya 97; bhAva satya 97; yoga satya 97; upamA satya 97; tathA paryAptika mRSA (asatya) bhASA 97; aparyAptika bhASA 98; aparyAptika bhASA 98; utpanna mizraka 98; vigata mizraka 99; utpanna-vigata mizraka 99; jIva mizraka 99; ajIva mizraka 99; jIvAjIvamizraka 100; ananta mizraka 100; paritta mizraka 101; evaM aparyAptika a-satya a-maSAbhASA 101; AmantraNI bhASA 101; AjJApanIya bhASA 101; yAcanIya bhASA 101; pracchanIya bhASA 102; prajJApanIya bhASA 102; pratyAkhyAnIya bhASA 102; icchAnukUlikA bhASA 102; anabhigrahItA bhASA 102; abhigrahItA bhASA 103; saMdehakAriNI bhASA 103; vyAkRtA bhASA 103; avyAkRtA bhASA 103; pramANa 104; naya 110; dunaya 115; caturtha adhyAya : jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 119-169 bhaMgavAda kA vikAsa 119; bhaMgoM kI Agamika vyAkhyA 149; prathamabhaMga 149; dvitIya bhaMga 152; tRtIya bhaMga 157; caturtha bhaMga 159; paMcama bhaMga 167; SaSTha bhaMga 167; saptama bhaMga 168 paMcama adhyAya : samakAlIna tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 170-205 SaSTha adhyAya : upasaMhAra 206-223 sandarbha grantha sUcI 224

Page #48
prathama adhyAya anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa ( a ) IsA pUrva chaThIM zatAbdI kA dArzanika cintana IsA pUrva chaThIM zatAbdI meM mAnava ko jijJAsA-vRtti kAphI praur3ha ho calI thI / aneka vicAraka vizva ke rahasyodghATana kA bauddhika prayAsa kara rahe the / yadyapi unake cintana meM tarka kI apekSA kalpanA kA hI puTa adhika thA / vizva kI mUla sattA kA svarUpa, vizva kI utpatti kA kAraNa, sRSTi ke kartRtva kI samasyA, AtmA kI amaratA aura karmoM zubhAzubha ke pratiphala Adi praznoM para vicAraka apane-apane mantavya prastuta kara rahe the / sAtha hI pratyeka cintaka apane mantavya ko satya aura dUsare ke mantavya ko asatya batA rahA thA / isa prakAra usa yuga meM aneka svatantra dArzanika avadhAraNAyeM astitva meM A gayI thIM aura dArzanika vivAda ugra rUpa dhAraNa kara rahe the / prAcIna bhAratIya vicAraka cintana ke lie kisI sampradAya vizeSa kA anusaraNa karane ke lie bAdhya nahIM the / usa yuga meM svatantra cintana karane kI pUrNata: chUTa thI / manISI gaNa sva-cintana ke AdhAra para apane-apane mantavyoM ko prastuta kara rahe the / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake mantavyoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM A sakI aura vibhinna vAdoM kI dhArAyeM baha calIM / vastutaH hiriyannA kA yaha kathana samucita hI hai ki - upaniSadoM meM ThIka kyA-kyA kahA gayA hai, yaha prazna jaba pUchA jAtA hai taba unake mata paraspara bahuta bhinna ho jAte haiM / "" isI bAta kI paripuSTi DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ke isa bAta se hotI hai, "kyA upaniSadoM ke vicAra eka hI lar3I meM piroye hue haiM ? kyA sRSTi kI sAdhAraNa vyavasthA ke viSaya meM koI nizcita sarvamAnya niyama sabameM eka samAna pAye jAte haiM ? hama sAhasa ke sAtha isa prazna kA uttara hA~ meM nahIM de sakate / ina upaniSadgranthoM meM AvazyakatA se adhika saMkhyA vicAra bhare hue haiM; atyadhika saMkhyA meM sambhAvita artha bhare par3e haiM; gUr3ha 1. draSTavya : bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA, pR0 52 /

Page #49
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ye kalpanAoM aura vitarkoM kI samRddha khAna haiM / ..( phira bhI) upaniSadoM ke andara dArzanika saMzleSaNa nAma kI koI vastu, jaisI ki arastU, kANTa athavA zaMkara kI paddhatiyoM meM hai, nahIM pAyI jaatii"|' isakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki pratyeka vicAraka apane mantavya ko satya aura dUsare ke mantavya ko asatya batA rahA thaa| jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki unake cintana meM aneka prakAra ke virodha aura aniyamitatAyeM A gyiiN| DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ne hI kahA hai ki "yaha eka yuga thA jo adbhuta aniyamitatAoM evaM pArasparika virodhoM se bharabhUra thaa| "tantra-mantra evaM vijJAna, saMzayavAda evaM andhavizvAsa, svacchanda jIvana evaM tapasyA ( AtmasaMyama) sAtha-sAtha eka dUsare se mile-jule hue pAye jAte haiN|" 2 isa taraha usa yuga ke vicAraka vizva ke rahasyodghATana ke bauddhika prayAsoM meM nirata pAye jAte haiN| isa sandarbha meM una jijJAsU cintakoM ke samakSa aneka samasyAe~ upasthita thIM jaise vizva kA mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? vaha sat hai yA asat hai ? yadi vaha sat hai to vaha puruSa (cetana sattA ) hai yA puruSa se itara jala, vAyu, agni, AkAza Adi meM se koI eka hai ? zvetAzvataropaniSad meM isa taraha kI samasyA uThAyI gayI hai yathA-isa jagat kA kAraNa kyA hai ? hama kahA~ se utpanna hue haiM ? hama kisake dvArA dhArita haiM aura antima pariNati kahA~ hai ? hama kisake dvArA prerita hokara sukha-duHkha kI vyavasthA (saMsAra yAtrA ) kA anuvartana karate haiM ? he brahmavettAoM! kyA ina sabakA kAraNa brahma hI hai ? kenopaniSad meM guru se ziSya pUchatA hai ki "kisakI icchA se prerita hokara mana apane abhilaSita prayojana kI ora Age bar3hatA hai ? kisakI icchA se vANI 1. draSTavya : bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1, ( rAdhAkRSNan ) pR0 128 / 2. vahI, pR0 250 / 3. zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.1 kiM kAraNaM brahma kutaH sma jAtA jIvAma kena kva ca sampratiSThAH / adhiSThitAH kena sukhetareSu kartAmahe brahmavido vyavasthAm / /

Page #50
3 anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa bolate haiM ? kauna sA deva A~kha yA kAna ko preraNA detA hai ?'' isa prakAra isI taraha kI vibhinna dArzanika zaMkAyeM uThAkara pUrNa rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai jisakA kucha paricaya hameM upaniSadoM, bauddha piTaka granthoM evaM jainAgama sUtrakRtAGga meM milatA hai| isI AdhAra para hama usa yuga kI dArzanika sthiti kA kucha Akalana kara sakate haiN| sarva prathama upaniSadoM kI ora aayeN| (1) upaniSadoM meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAyeM : hamane pUrva meM hI kahA hai ki upaniSadoM meM kisI bhI suvyavasthita dArza'nika vidhA kA abhAva hai| vibhinna manISiyoM ke dArzanika vicAra yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiN| unameM se aneka paraspara virodhI mantavya bhI upalabdha haiN| jo isa bAta ke sUcaka haiM ki vaha yuga dArzanika cintana ko asta-vyastatA kA yuga thA, usameM kisI bhI suvyavasthita darzana kA vikAsa nahIM ho pAyA thaa| upaniSadoM meM ve paraspara virodhI dArzanika mantavya kahA~-kahA~ upalabdha haiM, ise nimnalikhita uddharaNoM se samajhA jA sakatA hai / sRSTi kA mUla tattva sat hai yA asat / isa samasyA ke sandarbha meM hameM donoM prakAra ke vicAra upalabdha hote haiN| kucha vicAraka use sat kahate haiM to kucha vicAraka use asat kahate haiN| taittirIya upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki "prArambha meM asat hI thaa| usI se sat kI utpatti huii|"2 isI vicAradhArA kA samarthana chAndogya upaniSad meM bhI upalabdha hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki "sarvaprathama asat hI thA usase sat huA aura usa sat se sRSTi kI utpatti huii|"3 kintu isa 'asatvAdI" vicAradhArA ke viparIta "satvAdI" vicAradhArA ke tattva bhI upaniSadoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| chAndogya upaniSad 1. kenopaniSad 1.1 keneSitAM vAcAmimAM vadanti cakSuH zrotraM ka u devo yunakti / 2. taittirIya upaniSad-2.7 / "asadvA idamagra AsIt / tato vai sadajAyata / " 3. chAndogya upaniSad -3.19.1 / "asadevedamagra AsIt / tat sadAsIt / tatsamabhavat / "

Page #51
4 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA meM hI isa "satvAdI" vicAradhArA ke samarthana meM kahA gayA hai ki pahale akelA sat hI thaa| dUsarA koI nahIM thaa| usane socA maiM aneka ho jaauuN|"" bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki "jo kucha bhI sat hai usakI sattA isa lokAtIta sat se hI hai| isa prapaJcAtmaka jagat kI sRSTi isI sat se hotI hai|"2 bRhadAraNyaka ke isa kathana se bhI isI satvAdI vicAradhArA kI hI pUSTi hotI hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM satvAda aura asatvAda donoM hI vicAradhArAoM ke bIja upalabdha haiN| isa vizva kA mUla tattva jar3a hai yA cetana / isa prazna ke sandarbha meM bhI upaniSadoM meM do prakAra ke vicAra upalabdha hote haiN| kucha vicAraka use jar3a kahate haiM to kucha vicAraka cetana / bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM yAjJavalkya maitreyI se saMvAda karate hue kahate haiM ki "vijJAnaghana ! (yaha vizva) ina bhUtoM se hI samutthita hokara inhIM meM lIna ho jAtA hai paraloka yA punarjanma jaisI koI bAta nahIM hai|" kintu isake viparIta chAndogya upaniSad meM caitanyavAdI vicAradhArA kA samarthana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "pahale akelA sat hI thA dUsarA koI nahIM thA usane socA maiM aneka ho jaauuN|" 4 isake pazcAt usake vibhinna rUpoM meM utpanna hone kI bAta kahI gayI hai| "pahale usase tejasa, ap aura pRthvI ina tIna mahAbhUtoM ko utpatti huii| phira anna aura taba aNDaja-jIvoM evaM udbhija jIvoM kI sRSTi huii|"5 isa prakAra ukta kathana meM mUlatattva (sat) ke socane kI bAta ko kahakara caitanyavAdI vicAradhArA kA hI samarthana kiyA gayA hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM bhI usake kAmanA karane kI bAta kahakara usI caitanyavAdI vicAradhArA kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "usa 1. chAndogya upaniSad-6.2.1,3 / "sadevaMsomyedamagra AsIt eka mevAdvitIyam / tadaikSata bahu syAM prajAyeyeti / " 2. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad-1.4.1-4 / 3. vahI 2.4.12 "vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnu vinazyati na pratya saMjJAstItyare bravImIti hovAca yAjJavalkyaH / " 4 chAndogya upaniSad-6.2.1, 3 / 5. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad-2.4.12 kI TIkA /

Page #52
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa paramAtmA ne kAmanA kI" maiM bahata ho jAU~ arthAt maiM utpanna ho jaauuN| ataH usane tapa kiyaa| usane tapa karake hI yaha jo kucha hai ina sabakI racanA kI / ise racakara vaha isI meM anupraviSTa ho gyaa| isameM anupraviSTa hokara vaha satya svarUpa paramAtmA mUrta-amUrta kahe jAne yogya aura na kahe jAne yogya, Azraya-anAzraya, cetana-acetana evaM vyAvahArika satya-asatya rUpa ho gyaa| yaha jo kucha hai use brahmavettA loga "satya" isa nAma se pukArate haiN|" ___ isa prakAra kI aura bhI aneka vicAradhArAyeM upaniSadoM meM upasthita haiM kintu sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa una sabakA ullekha hama yahA~ nahIM kreNge| (2) bauddha piTaka sAhitya meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAyeM : upaniSadkAlIna cintana kI sthiti para vicAra karane para yaha niSkarSa prApta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM tattva cintana sambandhI vibhinna prakAra kI vidhAyeM pracalita thiiN| ye vicAradhArAyeM sva-cintana ke AdhAra para apaneapane mata kA nirUpaNa hI nahIM apitu tad virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA khaNDana bhI kara rahI thIM jinakA ullekha bauddha piTaka granthoM meM bhI hai| dIghanikAya ke "brahmajAlasutta" meM aisI aneka paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA citraNa milatA hai| jinakA spaSTIkaraNa hama nIce prastuta ktara rahe haiM___ AtmA aura loka nitya hai yA anitya ? isa prazna ke sandarbha meM paraspara virodhI mantavya upasthita the| kucha vicAraka isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate the ki AtmA aura loka nitya hai, kevala manuSya maratA aura janma letA hai| parantu isake viparIta kucha vicAraka isa niSkarSa para bhI pahu~ca rahe the ki yaha AtmA aura loka Adi anitya haiN| zarIra ke naSTa hote hI ye saba bhI 1. taittirIya upaniSada, 2:6. "so'kAmayata / bahu syAM prajAyeyeti / sa tapo'tapyata / sa tapastaptvA / idaM sarvamasRjata / yadidaM kiMca / tatsRSTvA / tadevAnuprAvizat / tadanupravizya / sacca tyaccAbhavat / niruktaM cAniruktaM ca / nilayanaM cAnilayanaM ca / vijJAnaM cAvijJAnaM ca / satyaM cAnRtaM ca satyamabhavat / yadidaM kiMca / tatsatyamityAcakSate / "

Page #53
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA naSTa ho jAte haiN| dIghanikAya meM ina vicAroM kA citraNa nimnalikhita rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai "bhikSaoM! koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa isa prakAra kI citta samAdhi ko prApta karatA hai jisase samAhita citta meM aneka prakAra ke pUrvajanmoM ko jaise eka saMvarta-vivarta (kalpa), dasa saMvarta meM isa nAma kA thA, smaraNa karatA hai, so maiM vahA~ marakara yahA~ utpanna huaa| isa prakAra vaha apane pUrvajanma ke sabhI AkAra prakAroM ko smaraNa karatA hai / ataH vaha (isI ke bala para) kahatA hai-AtmA aura loka donoM nitya hai|"' kintu isa zAzvatavAdI vicAradhArA ke viparIta ucchedavAdI vicArakoM kA mata hai ki Atma tattva nitya nahIM hai| vaha cAra mahAbhUtoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hai aura unake isa saMyoga ke naSTa hote hI ucchinna, vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| isakA bhI ullekha dIghanikAya meM hai "koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa aisA mAnate haiM-yathArtha meM AtmA rUpI = cAra mahAbhUtoM se banA hai aura mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga se utpanna hotA hai, 1. "idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA AtappamanvAya padhAnamanvAya anuyogamanvAya appamAdamanvAya sammAmanasikAramanvAya tathArUpaM cetosamAdhi phusati yathAsamAhite citte parisuddhe pariyodAte anaGgaNe vigatuppakkilese anekavihitaM pubbenivAsaM anussarati, seyyathidaM-eka pi jAti dve pi jAtiyo tisso pi jAtiyo catusso pi jAtiyopaJca pi jAtiyo dasa pi jAtiyo vIsaM pi jAtiyo tisaM pi jAtiyo cattAlIsaM pi jAtiyo paJcAsaM pi jAtiyo jAtisataM pi jAti sahassaM pi jAtisatasahassaM pi anekAni pi jAtisatAni anekAni pi jAtisahassAni anekAni pi jAtisatasahassAniH "amutrAsiM evaMnAmo evaMgotto evaM vaNNo evamAhAro evaM sukhadukkhappaTisaMvedI evamAyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapAdi, tatrApAsiM evaMnAmo evaMgotto evaMvaNNo evamAhAro evaMsukhadukkhappaTisaMvedI evamAyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhUpapannoti / iti sAkAraM sauddesaM anekavihitaM pubbenivAsaM anussarati / " ___ so evamAha--"sassato attA ca loko ca vaJjho kUTaTTo esikaTThAyiTTito; te ca sattA sandhAvanti saMsaranti cavanti upapajjanti, atthi tveva sassatisamaM / " --dIghanikAya--brahmajAlasutta 1:31: padhAnasaMsodhako-bhikkhu jagadIsakassapo /

Page #54
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa isalie zarIra ke naSTa hote hI AtmA bhI ucchinna, vinaSTa aura lupta ho jAtA hai|" ___ isI nityatA aura anityatA ke prazna ko lekara eka tIsarI vicAradhArA bhI thii| isa vicAradhArA vAle vicAraka aisA kahate the ki yaha AtmA na to nitya hai aura na to anitya / yaha aMzataH nitya hai aura aMzataH anitya / cakSu, zrotrAdi indriyA~ tathA zarIra anitya hai aura citta, mana yA vijJAna nitya hai| isake saMdarbha meM buddha ne kahA hai ki "bhikSuoM! kitane zramaNa yA brAhmaNa tarka karane vAle haiM ? ve tarka aura nyAya se aisA kahate haiM jo yaha cakSu, zrotra, nAsikA, jihvA aura zarIra hai, vaha anitya, adhruva hai aura (jo) citta, mana yA vijJAna hai (vaha) nitya dhruva hai|" isa prakAra ina tIna paraspara virodhI mantavyoM ke atirikta aura bhI aneka virodhI matavAdoM kA ullekha "brahmajAlasutta" meM hai, jo nityatA aura anityatA ke sambandha meM apane-apane mantavya prastuta kara rahe the| isI prakAra AtmA cetana hai yA acetana / isa prazna ke sambandha meM bhI vicArakoM meM mataikyatA nahIM thii| kucha cintaka yaha mAnate the ki AtmA, zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI rUpavAna, rogarahita evaM AtmapratIti ke sAtha vidya 1. "idha, bhivakhave, ekacco samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA evaMvAdI hoti evaMdiTTi "yato kho, bho, ayaM attA rUpI cAtumahAbhUtiko mAtApettisambhavo kAyassa bhedA ucchijjati vinassati na hoti paraM maraNA, ettAvatA kho bho, ayaM attA sammA samucchinno hotI'ti / ittheke sato sattassa ucchedaM vinAsaM vibhavaM paJapenti / " dIghanikAya 1.3.85 "idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA takkI hoti vImaMsI / so takkapariyAhataM vImaMsAnucaritaM sayaMpaTibhAnaM evamAha -"yaM kho idaM vuccati cavakhaM iti pi sotaM iti pi dhAnaM iti pi jivhA iti pi kAyo iti pi ayaMattA anicco ardhavo asassato vipariNAmadhammo / yaM ca kho idaM vuccati cittaM ti vA mano ti vA vijJANaM ti vA ayaM attA nicco dhuvo sassato avipariNAmadhammo sassatisamaM tathaiva ThassatI'ti / " vahI 1.3.49

Page #55
jena tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA mAna rahatA hai kintu kucha manISI isake viparIta yaha mAnate the ki zaroranAza ke sAtha hI AtmA aura usakI cetanA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| maraNoparAnta zeSa kucha bhI nahIM rahatA hai| ina matoM kA bhI ullekha doghanikAya meM hai___ "bhikSuoM ! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa" marane ke bAda AtmA saMjJI rahatA hai| aisA mAnate haiN| marane ke bAda AtmA rUpavAna, rogarahita aura Atma pratIti (saMjJA-pratIti) ke sAtha rahatA hai|"" parantu isake viparIta kucha loga aise bhI the jo yaha mAnate the ki zarIra-nAza ke bAda AtmA asaMjJI ho jAtA hai| buddha ne kahA hai ki "bhikSaoM! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ATha kAraNoM se, marane ke bAda AtmA asaMjJI rahatA hai; aisA mAnate haiN|" usa yuga meM isI prazna ke sandarbha meM cintana karane vAle kucha aise bhI manISI the jo yaha kahate the ki maraNoparAnta AtmA na to cetana hI rahatA hai aura na to acetana / inake isa mata kA bhI ullekha doghanikAya meM hai / buddha kahate haiM__ "bhikSaoM ! kitane zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ATha kAraNoM se, marane ke bAda AtmA naivasaMjI, naivAsaMjJI rahatA hai| aisA mAnate haiN|3|| 1. "imehi so te, bhikkhave, samaNabrAhmaNA uddhamAghAtanikA saJjIvAdA uddhamA dhAtanaM sajhiM attAnaM paJapenti soLasahi vtthuuhi| ye hi keci, bhikkhave samaNA vA brAhmaNA vA uddhamAghAtanikA saJjIvAdA uddhamAghAtanaM saJi attAnaM paJapenti, sabbe te imeheva soLasahi vatthUhi, etesaM vA aJja tarena; natthi ito bahiddhA / " doghanikAya 1.37.7 2. "santi, bhikkhave, eke samaNa brAhmaNA uddhamAghAtanikA saJjIvAdA. uddha mAghAtanaM asajhiM attAnaM paapenti aTTahi vtthuuhi| te ca bhonto samaNabrAhmaNA kimAgamma kimArabbha uddhamAghAtanikA asaJjIvAdA uddhamAghAtanaM asaJi attAnaM paJa penti aTTahi vatthU hi ?" 1.3.78 3. "santi, bhikkhave, eke samaNabrAhmaNA uddhamAghAtanikA nevasaJjInAsI vAdA, uddhamAghAtanaM nevasaJiInAsaJci attAnaM paJapenti aTTahi vatthUhi /

Page #56
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa isI prakAra usa yuga meM kucha aise bhI vicAraka the jo yaha mAnate the ki kisI bhI prazna kA eka nizcita uttara nahIM diyA jA sktaa| kisI bhI vastu ko nitya yA anitya, eka yA aneka, sat yA asat nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vastutaH ve koI bhI nizcita nirNaya denA asaMgata samajhane lage aura pratyeka vastu tattva ke sambandha meM vaha hai, nahIM hai, na hai aura na nahIM hai aisA kahane lge| dIghanikAya meM inake isa mata kA citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "mahArAja! yadi Apa pUche, "kyA paraloka hai ? aura yadi maiM samajhU ki paraloka hai, to Apa ko batalAU~ ki paraloka hai maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM dUsarI taraha se bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki "yaha hai, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki "paraloka nahIM hai; paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bho; paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai|'' zabhAzabha karmoM aura tajjanya phaloM ke sandarbha meM bhI vicArakoM ne apaneapane mata prastuta kiye haiN| kucha manISI yaha kahate the ki zubha-azubha, pApa aura puNya Adi apane-apane karma ke anusAra hI prApta hote haiN| inakA jJAna prApta karanA bhI sambhava hai| kintu isake viparIta kucha vicAraka yaha mAnate the ki zubha aura azubha, acchA aura burA, pApa aura puNya Adi ke ke sandarbha meM kucha bhI nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| unakA jJAna prApta hotA hai yA nahIM yaha bhI nahIM kaha sktaa| isa prakAra ke saMzaya meM par3akara ve yahI kahate the ki-yaha acchA hai yA burA hai hama ise nahIM jAna skte| dIghanikAya meM buddha ne kahA hai, "bhikSuoM ! koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa ThIka se nahIM jAnatA ki yaha acchA hai aura yaha buraa| usake mana meM aisA hotA hai-maiM ThIka se nahIM jAnatA hU~ ki yaha acchA hai aura yaha burA / taba te ca bhonto samaNabrAhmaNA kimAgamma kimArabbha uddhamAghAtanikA nevasaJjInAsaJjIvAdA uddhamAghAtanaM nevasInAsani attAnaM paJapenti aDhahi vatthUhi ? vahI 1.3 81 1. "atthi paro loko ti iti ce maM pucchasi, atthi paro loko ti iti ce me assa, atthi paro loko ti iti te naM byAkareyyaM / evaM ti pi me no, tathA ti pi me no, aJa yA ti pi me no, no ti pi me no, no no ti pi me no ti / natthi paro lokope0 ''atthi ca natthi ca paro loko'"pe...." nevatthi na natthi paro loko / " vahI 1.3.65

Page #57
10 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA maiM ThIka se binA jAne kaise kaha dU~-"yaha acchA hai" aura "yaha burA" ? yadi kahatA hU~ ki "yaha acchA hai" yA 'yaha burA hai" to yaha asatya hogaa| jo merA asatya bhASaNa hogA, so merA ghAtaka hogA, vaha antarAya bAdhaka) hogA / ataH vaha asatya bhASaNa ke bhaya aura ghRNA se na yaha kahatA hai ki "yaha acchA hai" aura na yaha ki "yaha burA"' / ___ isa loka kI utpatti sakAraNa hai yA akAraNa | isake sandarbha meM kucha aise loga the jo yaha kahate the ki isa vizva kI utpatti akAraNa hai| isakA koI kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA yaha to svayaM se utpanna huA hai| ataH isakI utpatti ke lie kisI kAraNa ko mAnanA asaMgata hai / bhagavAn buddha ne kahA hai ki bhikSaoM ! koI zramaNa yA brAhmaNa tAkika hotA hai| vaha svayaM tarka karake aisA samajhatA hai-AtmA aura loka akAraNa hI utpanna hote haiN|2 isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana meM hamane dekhA ki usa yuga meM aisI aneka vicAradhArAyeM thIM jo apane-apane mantavyoM ko nirUpita kara rahI thIM 1. "idha, bhikkhave, ekaccI samaNo vA brAhmaNo vA idaM kusalaM ti yathAbhUtaM nappajAnAti, idaM akusalaM ti yathAbhUtaM nappajAnAti / tassa evaM hotiahaM kho idaM kusalaM ti yathAbhUtaM nappajAnAmi, idaM akusalaM ti yathAbhUtaM nappajAnAmi / ahaM ce kho pana idaM kusalaM ti yathAbhUtaM appajAnanto, idaM akusalaM ti yathAbhUtaM appajAnanto idaM kusalaM ti vA vyAkareyyaM, idaM akusalaM ti vA vyAkareyyaM, taM mamassa musA / yaM mamassa musA so mamassa vidhaato| yo mamassa vighAto so mamassa antarAyo "ti / iti so musAvAdabhayA musAvAdaparijegucchA nevidaM kusalaM ti vyAkaroti, na panidaM akusalaM ti vyAkaroti, tattha tattha paJhaM puTTo samAno vAcAvivakhepaM Apajjati amarA vikkhe--evaM ti pi me no; tathA ti pi me no; aJcathA ti pi me no; no ti pi me no; no no ti pi me no"ti / idaM, bhikkhave, paThamaM ThAnaM yaM Agamma yaM Arabbha eke samaNabrAhmaNA amarAvivakhe pikA tattha tattha paJhaM paTTA samAnA vAcAvikkhepaM Apajjanti amarAvikkhepaM / " vahI 1.3.62 2. "idha, bhikkhave, ekacco samaNo vA brAhmaNe vA takkI hoti viimNsii| so takkapariyAhataM vImasAnucariyaM sayaMpaTibhAnaM evamAha "adhiccasamuppanno attA ca loko cA" ti / " vahI 1.3.69

Page #58
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 11 parantu ve apane-apane mantavyoM ko satya hI nahIM apitu dUsare ke mantavya ko asatya bhI batA rahI thIM / jaba ki vAstavikatA yaha thI ki sabake saba mithyA dRSTiyoM kA hI nirUpaNa kara rahI thiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha una dRSTiyoM ko mithyA dRSTiyoM ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai / aisI bAsaTha mithyA dRSTiyoM kA ullekha dIghanikAya meM hai / ' (3) jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha vibhinna dArzanika vicAradhArAyeM isI prakAra usa yuga meM pracalita aisI hI aneka mithyA dRSTiyoM kA ullekha jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hai / jisa prakAra tatkAlIna vicAraka AtmA aura loka kI nityatA anityatA, cetanatA -acetanatA Adi ke sandarbha meM apane-apane vicAra prastuta kara rahe the ThIka usI prakAra vizva ke mUla tattva kI ekatA - anekatA, nityatA- anityatA, cetanatA acetanatA Adi ke viSaya meM bhI manISIgaNa apane-apane mantavya nirUpita kara rahe the / kucha cintaka aisA mAnate the ki vaha vizva kA mUla tattva eka hI hai kintu vaha apane ko aneka rUpoM meM abhivyakta karatA hai / jisa prakAra miTTI ghaTa, IMTa, kapAla, Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM parantu una sabake mUla meM miTTI hI rahatI hai usI prakAra yaha vizva yadyapi vibhinna rUpoM meM dikhalAyI par3atA hai kintu ina sabake mUla meM Atma tattva hI hai / vahI apane ko ina vibhinna rUpoM meM abhivyakta karatA hai / mahAvIra ne isa vicAradhArA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki "jisa prakAra eka hI pRthivI piNDa nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detI hai usI prakAra eka hI AtmA samasta lokoM meM vividha rUpa se dikhAI detI hai / parantu isake viparIta kucha vicAraka yaha mAnate the ki vaha mUla tattva eka nahIM hai apitu ve pAMca haiN| unhIM pAMcoM tattvoM ke saMyoga se isa vizva kI utpatti hotI hai aura unake saMyuktAvasthA ke bhaMga hote hI yaha vizva bhI chinna-bhinna ho jAtA hai / una vicArakoM kA aisA kahanA hai ki 1. draSTavya : dIghanikAya bhAga - 1 brahmajAla sutta / 2. jahA ya puDhavIthUbhe, ege nANAhi dIsai / evaM bho kasiNe loe, vinnu nANAhi dIsai || sUtrakRtAMga 1:1:1:9 /

Page #59
12 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA "isa saMsAra meM jo kucha haiM vaha pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ye paMca bhUta hI haiM, yahA~ zarIra yA jova ina pAMcoM meM se utpanna hotA hai aura ina pAMcoM ke naSTa hone para inake sAtha zarIra rUpa jIva kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai / " 1 kintu isI sandarbha meM eka dUsarI vicAradhArA bhI pracalita thI, jo yaha mAnatI thI ki mUlatattva pAMca hI nahIM balki cha: haiM aura ye sabake saba nitya haiM / ataH ye naSTa nahIM hote / inakI bhI carcA sUtrakRtAMga meM kI gaI hai / "chaH tattva haiM - paMca mahAbhUta aura eka AtmA / ye saba zAzvata nitya haiM / inameM se eka bhI naSTa nahIM hotA / isa prakAra jo vastu hai hI nahIM vaha kyoM kara utpanna ho sakatI hai ? isa prakAra padArtha sarvathA nitya hai / " parantu isake viparIta kucha cintaka ucchedavAda kA samarthana karate hue kahate the ki tatva kSaNika hai ye kSaNa-kSaNa utpanna hote haiM aura kSaNa-kSaNa naSTa bhI ho jAte haiM / rUpAdi paMca skandhoM ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai / nitya, zAzvata, vibhu AtmA kI kalpanA karanA vyartha hai / inake isa vicAra kA citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki - " kSaNa-kSaNa utpanna aura naSTa hone vAle rUpAdi pAMca skandhoM ke sivAya koI ( AtmA jaisI ) vastu hI nahIM hai / " isI prakAra isa vizva ko vicitra racanA ke sambandha meM bhI kucha jijJAsu vicAra vyakta karate the ki isa vicitra rUpA sRSTi ko racanA kisane 1. "saMti paMca mahabbhUyA, imegesimAhiyA / yaha puDhavI Au teU vA, vAu AgAsapaMcamA || ee paMca mahabbhUyA, tebbho egotti AhiyA / aha siviNAseNaM, viNAso hoi dehiNo // sUtrakRtAMga 1:1:1:7,8 / 2. saMti paMca mahabbhUyA, ihamegesiohiyA / AchaTTo puNo Ahu, AyA loge ya sAsae || duhao Na viNassaMti, no ya uppajjae asaM / sabbe va savvA bhAvA, niyatto bhAvamAgayA // vahI 1:1:1:15, 16 / 3. "paMca khaMdhe vayaMtege, bAlA u khaNajoiNo / aNNI aNNI vAhu, heuyaM ca aheuyaM // vahI 1:1:1:17 |

Page #60
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 13 kI ? kyA koI aisA niyAmaka hai jo isa sRSTi ko racanA karatA hai aura punaH ise naSTa bhI kara detA hai ? athavA svayaM se ho yaha sRSTi utpanna hotI hai aura svayaM se hI lupta ho jAtI hai ? ina sAre praznoM ke sambandha meM bhI vibhinna vicArakoM ke vibhinna vicAra haiM, vibhinna mata haiM / unake vicAroM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai kyoMki kucha loga kahate the ki sRSTi kisI deva ke dvArA racita hai / vahI isakA niyAmaka hai, vahI isakA karttA hai / to kucha jijJAsu kahate the ki isa sRSTi ko svayaM Izvara racatA hai, to kucha loga kahate the ki isakI racanA brahmA ne kii| parantu isake viparIta kucha manISI yaha kahate the ki isa sRSTi kI racanA na to Izvara ne kI hai na to deva aura na to brahmA ne hI kI hai / yaha svayaM utpanna hotI hai aura svayaM naSTa bhI ho jAtI hai / isakA aisA svabhAva hI hai / isa prakAra ina jijJAsuoM ke bhI vicAra sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha haiM / mahAvIra ne kahA hai "koI kahate haiM - deva ne isa saMsAra ko banAyA hai, koI kahate haiM brahmA ne; koI kahate haiM jar3a cetana se paripUrNa tathA duHkha sukha vAle isa jagat ko Izvara ne racA hai aura koI kahate haiM; nahIM svayaMbhU AtmA se isa jagat kI utpatti huI hai / ( isI prakAra ) kucha loga kahate haiM ki mRtyu ne apanI mAyA zakti se isa azAzvata jagat kI racanA kI hai| vahIM kucha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa yaha bhI kahate haiM ki yaha saMsAra aMDe meM se utpanna huA haiM / " zubhAzubha karmoM aura unase prApta phaloM ke sandarbha meM bhI una dinoM aneka prakAra kI vicAradhArAyeM pracalita thIM / kucha jijJAsu kahate the ki 1. iNamannaM tu annANaM, iha megesi mAhiyaM / devautte ayaM loe, baMbhauttetti Avare // IsareNa kaDe loe, pahANAi tahAvare | jIvAjIvasamAutte, sudukkhasamanvi // sayaMbhuNA kaDe loe, iti vRttaM mahesiNA / mAreNa saMthuyA mAyA, teNa loe asAsae | mAhaNA samaNA ege, Aha aMDakaDe jage / aso tattamakAsI ya, ayANaMtA musaM vade // sUtrakRtAMga 1:1:3:5-8 /

Page #61
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA zubhAzubha karma evaM tajjanya phalarUpa pApa-puNya, sukha-duHkhAdi deva-nirmita haiM / jIva use karatA nahIM, mAtra bhogatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai"jIva haiM, unheM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai tathA ve anta meM apane sthAna se nAza ko prApta hote haiM isako saba loga mAna leNge| jo sukha-duHkhAdi haiM, ye jIva ke svayaM kiye hue nahIM haiM - ye to deva niyata haiM / " parantu isake viparota kucha loga yaha mAnate the ki pApa-puNya, duHkha-sukha, zubhAzubha karma Adi mAnava kRta haiM; jo jaisA karma karatA hai usako vaisA phala prApta hotA hai / ye karma janya phala manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA tInoM karmoM se utpanna hote haiM / isakA bhI ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki "jo manuSya vicAra karane para bhI hiMsA nahIM karatA tathA jo anajAna meM hiMsA karatA hai, use karma kA sparza hotA to hai avazya, para use pUrA pApa nahIM lagatA / pApa lagane ke sthAna tIna haiM--svayaM vicAra pUrvaka karane se, dUsaroM se karAne se, dUsare ke kArya kA anumodana karane se / parantu yadi hRdaya pApa mukta ho to ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya mile| 2 14 isI prakAra kucha aise bhI vicAraka the jo yaha mAnate the ki zubhAzubha karmoM ko karanA yA unake viSaya meM socanA bhI vyartha hai kyoMki kitane saMyama se rahane para bhI anta meM pApayukta honA hI par3atA hai / vastutaH isake sandarbha meM socanA hI nahIM cAhie / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki 1. na taM sayaM kaDaM dukkhaM, suhaM vA jai vA dukkhaM kao annakaDaM caNaM / sehiyaM vA ase hiyaM // na sayaM kaDaM na ahiM, vedayanti puDho jiyA / saMgaiaM taM tahA tesiM, ihamegesiM AhiaM || sUtrakRtAMga 1:1:2:2,3 // 2. jANaM kAeNaNAkuTTI, abuho jaM ca hiMsati / puTTho saMvedai paraM, aviyattaM khu sAvajjaM // saMti tau AyANA, jehi kIrai pAvagaM / abhikammAya pesAya, maNasA agujANiyA || ete utara AyANA jehi kIrai pAvagaM / evaM bhAvavisohIe, nivvANamabhigacchai // vahI 1:1:2:25,26,27 //

Page #62
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 15 "zuddha ( svaccha ) pAnI jaise malina ho sakatA hai, vaise hI prayatnoM se zuddha niSpApa saMyamI muni phira pApayukta malina ho sakatA hai to phira brahmacaryAdi prayatnoM kA kyA phala rahA ?" saba vAdI apane vAda kA gaurava gAte the / " isa prakAra usa yuga meM aiso ho aneka vicAradhArAyeM pracalita thIM jo apane-apane mantavya ko prastuta kara use hI satya evaM dUsare ko asatya batA rahI thI / jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ve sabhI tattva kI yathArthatA se bahuta dUra the| parantu apane matavAda ko pUrNa satya se kama nahIM mAnate the / (ba) dArzanika cintana meM upalabdha virodha- samAdhAna yA samanvaya kA prayatna aneka vicAraNAoM kI upasthiti meM vivAda ugra rUpa le rahA thA / vicAraka nirarthaka kalpanAoM ke jAla meM pha~sakara tarka-vitarka kara rahe the, kintu una aneka vicAradhArAoM ke pravartakoM ke bIca kucha loga aise bhI the jo tatkAlIna tarka-vitarkoM ko samApta karane kA athaka prayAsa kara rahe the / una samanvayavAdI vicArakoM kA aisA vizvAsa thA ki uparyukta sabhI vicAradhArAyeM mulatattva ke kevala eka-eka pakSa kA hI nirUpaNa kara rahI haiM / vizva kA mUlatattva to eka aura pUrNa hai / use na kevala sat kahA jA sakatA hai aura na kevala asat / yadi use kevala sat yA kevala asat kahA jAya to vaha sApekSa evaM apUrNa ho jAyegA / ataH vaha na kevala sat hai aura na kevala asat; apitu vaha sadasat rUpa hai, arthAt vaha sat aura asat donoM hai / isa prakAra ke samAdhAna sUtra upaniSadoM, bauddha piTaka granthoM evaM jainAgamoM meM pAyA jAtA hai jinakA kramazaH spaSTokaraNa kiyA jAyegA | (1) aupaniSadika cintana meM upalabdha virodha- samAdhAna ke sUtra upaniSad kAlIna samanvayavAdI vicAraka tatkAlIna pracalita vibhinna paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya karane kA prayatna kara rahe the / unake usa samAdhAnavAdI vicAra ke sUtra upaniSadoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiM / una sUtroM meM yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vizva kA mUlatatva na to 1. iha saMvuDe muNI jAe, pacchA hoI apAvae / biyaDaM va jahA bhujjo, nIrayaM sarayaM tahA // sUtrakRtAMga 1:1:3:12 |

Page #63
16 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA mAtra sat hai aura na to mAtra asat / apitu vaha sat aura asat donoM hI hai| jaba vaha avyakta avasthA meM rahatA hai taba manISIgaNa use asat aisA kahate haiM, kintu jaba vaha apane ko isa jagat ke rUpa meM ur3elatA hai taba use sat aisA kahate haiM arthAt usakI avyaktAvasthA kA nAma asat aura vyaktAvasthA kA nAma sat hai / usake isa svarUpa kA vivecana Rgveda meM bhI kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki "devatAoM se bhI pUrva samaya meM asat (avyakta brahma) se sat ( vyakta saMsAra) kI utpatti huI hai / "" ataH kevala sat yA kevala asadupa mUlatattva kI kalpanA vyartha hai / donoM eka hI tatva ke do nAma haiM / punaH Rgveda meM hI ullikhita hai ki "sat to eka hI hai manISIgaNa usakA aneka prakAra se kathana karate haiM / "2 bhagavadgItA meM bhI usake ThIka isI svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai - " anAdimAna paramAtmatattva brahma na to kevala sa hai aura na kevala asat hai balki donoM hI hai / " tatkAlIna samanvayavAdI vicArakoM ne kisI bhI mantavya kA na to pUrNataH samarthana kiyA aura na to pUrNataH niSedha; balki sabhI mantavyoM ko AMzika satya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara unheM eka hI paramAtmatattva meM ghaTAyA ! use unhoMne sat bhI kahA aura asat bhI, eka bhI aura aneka bhI / parantu isake bAda bhI use ekamAtra kalyANamaya ziva, avinAzI, atisUkSma evaM avijJeya tathA samasta jagat kA AdhAra batAyA | muNDakopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki " (jo) prakAza svarUpa atyanta samIpastha (hRdayarUpa guhA meM sthita hone ke kAraNa ) guhAcara nAma se prasiddha (aura) mahAna pada (paramaprApya) haiM; jitane bhI ceSTA karane vAle; zvAsa lene vAle aura A~khoM ko kholane - maMdane vAle ( prANI haiM) ye (saba-ke-saba ) isI meM samarpita ( pratiSThita ) haiM; isa paramezvara ko tuma loga jAno jo sat (aura) asat hai; sabake dvArA varaNa karane yogya (aura) atizaya zreSTha (tathA) samasta prANiyoM kI buddhi 1. "devAnAM pUrvyeyuge'sataH sadajAyata / " - Rgveda 10:72:2 / 2. " ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / " -- Rgveda 1:164:46 // 3. "anAdimatparaM brahma na sattannAsaducyate / " -- zrImadbhagavadgItA - 13:12 /

Page #64
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 17 se pare arthAt jAnane meM na Ane vAlA hai| isI samanvayavAdI vicAradhAga kA ullekha IzopaniSad meM bhI prApta hotA hai| vahA~ vicArakoM ne kahA hai ki 'vaha (paramAtma tattva) calatA hai; vaha nahIM calatA; vaha dUra bhI hai; vaha atyanta samIpa hai; vaha isa samasta jagat ke bhItara paripUrNa hai; (aura) vaha isa samasta jagat ke bAhara bhI hai|"2 gItA meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki "vaha cara aura acara bhUtoM ke bAhara aura bhItara hai, sUkSma hone ke kAraNa avijJeya hai, dUra bhI hai aura nikaTa bhI hai|" isa jIvAtmA ke hRdaya rUpa guphA meM rahane vAlA paramAtmA sUkSma se atisUkSma (aura) mahAn se bhI mahAna hai|"4 "jaba ajJAnamaya andhakAra kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai; usa samaya (anubhava meM Ane vAlA tattva) na dina hai, na rAta hai, na sat hai, na asat hai; ekamAtra vizaddha kalyANamaya ziva ho hai; vaha sarvathA avinAzI hai; vaha sUryAbhimAnI devatA kA bhI upAsya hai; tathA usI se (yaha purAnA jJAna phailA hai|" isa prakAra upaniSadkAlIna sudhAravAdI vicAraka vizva ke mUlatattva ke ukta svarUpa kA vivecana karake tatkAlIna vicArakoM meM mataikyatA lAne kA prayAsa kara rahe the| ve jagaha-jagaha para samajhautA karane ke lie 1. "AviH saMnihitaM guhAcaraM nAma mahatpadamatratatsamarpitam / ejatprANannimiSacca yadetajjAnatha sadasadvareNyaM paraM vijJAnAdyadvariSTha prajAnAm // " -muNDakopaniSad-2:2:1 / 2. "tadejati tannaijati tadUre tadvantike / tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyAsya bAhyataH // " -IzAvAsyopaniSad-5 / 3. "bahirantazca bhUtAnAmacaraM carameva ca / sUkSmatvAttadavijJeyaM dUrasthaM cAntike ca tat // " -zrImadbhagavadgItA-13:16 / 4. "aNoraNIyAnmahato mahIyAnAtmAsya jantonihito guhAyAm / " -kaThopaniSad-2:20 / 5. "yadA'tamastanna divA na rAtrirnasanna cAsaJchvi eva kevalaH / tadakSaraM tatsaviturvareNyaM prajJA ca tasmAt prasRtA purANI // " -zvetAzvataropaniSad-4:18 /

Page #65
18 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA bhI tatpara the| isa samajhautAvAdI vicAra kA ullekha karate hue DA0 rAdhAkRSNan kahate haiM ki "pA~ca gRhastha puruSa uddAlaka ko agraNI banAkara azvapati nAmaka rAjA ke pAsa pahu~ce, rAjA ne unameM se hara eka se pUchA ! tuma AtmA ke rUpa meM kisakA dhyAna karate ho? pahale ne uttara diyA dyaloka kA, dUsare ne kahA sUrya kA, tIsare ne kahA vAyu kA, cauthe ne kahA zanya AkAza kA aura pA~caveM ne kahA jala kaa| rAjA uttara detA hai una saba meM se hara eka ne satya ke kevala eka pArzva kI pUjA kI hai| usa mukhya sattA kA dhuloka zIrSasthAnIya hai, sUrya cakSusthAnIya hai, vAyu prANasvarUpa hai, zUnyAkAza dhar3a ke samAna hai, jala mUtrAlaya hai aura bhUmi padasthAnIya hai-yaha vizvAtmA kA citra hai| alpamata ke mAnya dArzanika vizvAsoM aura adhikatara saMkhyA ke kAlpanika andhavizvAsoM ke bIca samajhautA ho jAnA ho eka mAtra paraspara samanvaya kA sambhava upAya hai|" isa prakAra ina samanvayavAdI vicArakoM ne vizva ke mUlatattva ko vizvAtma rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA, jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki usakA vANI dvArA vivecana karanA asaMbhava ho gyaa| tatpazcAt ve use anirvacanIya avAcya, avaktavya evaM neti-neti Adi kahakara alaMkRta karane lge| (2) buddha kA dRSTikoNa buddha ke samanvaya sambandhI vicAroM ko nimnalikhita tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : (ka) ekAntavAda kA niSedha (kha) avyAkRtavAda aura (ga) vibhajyavAda (ka) ekAntavAda kA niSedha bhagavAn baddha ne tatkAlIna sabhI matavAdoM kA parIkSaNa karake dekhA ki ye jitane bhI mantavya haiM ve saba ke saba, cAhe zAzvatavAdI hoM, yA azAzvatavAdI; jar3avAdI hoM yA caitanyavAdI, AtmavAdI hoM yA anAtmavAdo, doSa. 1. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 pR0 132 / (Indian Philosophy kA anuvAda-anuvAdaka-sva0 nanda kizora gobhila).

Page #66
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa pUrNa haiM kyoMki ye sabhI mantavya mUlatatva ke eka-eka aMza kA hI nirUpaNa karate haiN| vastutaH ye sabhI mantavya ekAntika hone ke kAraNa tyAjya haiN| yadi vizva ke mUla meM kisI cetanya-svarUpa paramAtmatattva ko mAnA jAya to yaha eka anta hotA hai| isI prakAra yadi vizva ke mUlatattva ke rUpa meM kevala jar3atattvoM ko svIkAra kiyA jAya to yaha bhI eka anta ho hogaa| ataeva inameM se kisI kA bhI samarthana karanA ThIka nahIM hai| saMyuttanikAya meM kahA gayA hai-"bhikSuoM! jo jIva hai vahI zarIra hai athavA jIva dUsarA hai aura zarIra dUsarA hai| aisI mithyA dRSTi hone se brahmacaryavAsa nahIM ho sakatA hai| bhikSuoM! ina donoM antoM ko chor3a buddha madhyama mArga se dharma kA upadeza karate haiN| kyoMki unako aisA pratIta haA thA ki aparivartiSNu AtmA marakara punarjanma letI hai aura saMsaraNa karatI hai aisA mAnane para zAzvatavAda hotA hai; aura cAra mahAbhUtoM ke saMyoga se cetana AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura unake saMyoga ke naSTa hote hI vaha bhI ucchinna, vinaSTa aura lupta ho jAtI hai| aisA mAnane para ucchedavAda hotA hai| isa prakAra ye donoM vicAradhArAyeM yathArthatA ke eka-eka pArzva kA hI nirUpaNa karatI haiM kyoMki AtmA zarIra se na to atyanta bhinna hI hai aura na to atyanta abhinna hii| ataeva AtmA na to sarvathA zAzvata hI hai aura na to sarvathA azAzvata / vastutaH ye donoM hI dRSTikoNa ekAMgI haiN| ataH ina donoM antoM ko chor3a denA hI nyAyasaMgata hai / isa prakAra buddha tatkAlIna ekAnta rUpa nAnA matavAdoM kA niSedha karake unameM samanvaya kA prayAsa avazya kara rahe the tathApi unhoMne apanI mAnyatA ke anurUpa kucha bhI vidhAyaka rUpa se nahIM khaa| usakA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki kucha bhI vidhAyaka rUpa se kahane para unako kisI eka matavAda meM phaMsa jAne kA bhaya thaa| isIlie ve sabhI praznoM kA uttara niSedha rUpa se dekara apane "vAda" ko kucha bhI nAma denA pasanda nahIM 1. "taM jIvaM taM zarIraM" iti vA bhikkho, didiyA sati brahmacariyavAso na hoti / "ajhaM jIvaM anaM zarIraM' iti vA, bhikkhave, diTThiyA sati brahmacariyavAso na hoti / ete te, bhikkhane, ubho ante anupagamya majjhena tathAgato dhamma deseti / " --saMyuttanikAya pAli bhAga 2, 12-36 (dutiyaavijjApaccayasuttaM)

Page #67
20 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kiye / ve kahate the ki paMDita kisI bhI dRSTi yA vAda meM nahIM par3atA / "suttanipAta" meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki "sAdhAraNa manuSyoM kI jo kucha dRSTiyA~ haiM paNDita ina sabameM nahIM par3atA / dRSTi aura zruti ko grahaNa na karane vAlA, Asakti rahita vaha kyA grahaNa kareM / "" ataH ve una nAnA vAdoM ke sandarbha meM kevala itanA hI kahakara raha gaye ki ye sabhI vAda ThIka nahIM haiM / suttanipAta meM hI kahA gayA hai ki "maiM yaha nahIM kahatA ki "yahI satya hai " " kyoMki unako aisA AbhAsa huA thA ki saba kucha vidyamAna hai aisA kahanA eka anta hai aura saba kucha zUnya hai, aisA kahanA dUsarA anta haiM / isIlie ve ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArga se upadeza karate the / jIva, jagat, sukha, duHkha Adi ke sandarbha meM buddha se jo bhI prazna kiye jAte the ve lagabhaga una sabhI praznoM ke uttara niSedha rUpa se hI dete the / unake isa vicAra kA spaSTIkaraNa nimnalikhita uddharaNa se bhI hotA hai : -- gautama ! kyA duHkha svakRta hai ? kAzyapa ! aisA nahIM hai / gautama ! kyA du:kha parakRta hai ? kAzyapa ! aisA nahIM hai / gautama ! kyA duHkha svakRta aura parakRta hai ? kAzyapa ! aisA nahIM hai / gautama ! kyA duHkha asvakRta aura aparakRta hai ? kAzyapa ! aisA nahIM hai / 1. " yA kAci'mA sammutiyo puthujjA | sabbA'va etA na upeti viddhA / anUpayo so upayaM kimeyaya / diTTe sute khantimakubjamAno || 3 || 2. " na cAhametaM tathiyanti brUmi" / - suttanipAta - 50.5. 3. "sabbamatthI" ti kho, kaccAna, ayameko anto / "sabbe natthI'ti ayaM dutiyo anto / ete te, kaccAna, ubho ante anupagamma majjhena tathAgato. dhammaM deseti / " -- saMyutta nikAya, bhAga 2, 12:15 ( kaccAnagottasutta) " -suttanipAta, 51:3.

Page #68
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 21 taba kyA hai ? Apa to sabhI praznoM kA uttara nakAra meM dete haiM, aisA kyoM ? taba punaH gautama ne kahA ki "duHkha svakRta hai aisA kahane kA artha hotA hai ki jisane kiyA vahI bhoga karatA hai kintu aisA kahane para zAzvatavAda kA avalambana hotA hai aura yadi aisA kahU~ ki duHkha parakRta hai taba isakA matalaba hogA ki kiyA kisI dUsare ne aura bhoga karatA hai koI anya / aisI sthiti meM ucchedavAda A jAtA hai| ataeva ina donoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArga kA hI anugamana karanA ucita hai|' isa prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne kisI eka matavAda meM par3a jAne ke bhaya se tatkAlIna sabhI mantavyoM kA niSedha kara diyA kyoMki unako yaha pratIta huA ki ve sabhI mantavya ekAntika haiM aura jo bhI ekAntika haiM ve asatya haiM / ataH ye tyAjya haiN| buddha kI yaha ekAntavAdI dRSTi kI AlocanA jainoM kI ekAntavAdI dRSTi kI AlocanA ke nikaTa baiThatI hai| jainadarzana ko bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ki sabhI ekAntika dRSTiyA~ asatya hotI haiN| jainadarzana bhI sabhI ekAntika dRSTiyoM kA niSedha karatA hai / isakA pUrNarUpeNa spaSTIkaraNa hama Age prastuta kareMge / (kha) avyAkRtavAva bhagavAn baddha tatkAlIna tattvamImAMsA sambandhI praznoM ke sandarbha meM yA to mauna rahe athavA unheM asamucita kahakara TAla diyA aura yadi unake sandarbha meM kucha kahanA hI Avazyaka huA to unhoMne unheM avyAkRta yA avyAkhyeya kahA / unake ve sabhI avyAkRta prazna adholikhita haiN|' 1. kyA loka zAzvata hai ? 2. kyA loka azAzvata hai ? 1. saMyuttanikAya pAli-bhAga 2:17, (acelakassapa suttN)| "sassato loko' ti pi, "asassato loko" ti pi, 'antavA loko" ti pi, "anantavA loko" ti pi, "taM jIvaM taM sarIraM ti pi, ajhaM jIvaM anaM sarIraM" "ti pi, "hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA" "ti pi, "na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA" ti pi, hoti ca na ca hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA" ti pi, nevahotina na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNA" ti pi tAni ye bhagavA na vyAkaroti / -majjhimanikAya pAli bhAga 2, 13:1 (cuulmaalukysutt)|

Page #69
22 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA 3. kyA loka antavAn hai ? 4. kyA loka ananta haiM ? 5. kyA jIva aura zarIra eka hai ? 6. kyA jIva aura zarIra bhinna hai ? 7. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ? 8. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata nahIM hote ? 9. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM aura nahIM hote ? 10. kyA marane ke bAda tathAgata na hote haiM aura na nahIM hote? ye sabhI prazna nimnalikhita cAra hI praznoM ke antargata A sakate haiM (1) loka kI nityatA-anityatA kA prazna (2) loka kI sAntatA-anantatA kA prazna (3) jIva-zarIra ke bhedAbheda kA prazna, aura (4) jIva kI nityatA-anityatA kA prazna / ye hI prazna buddha ke samaya pramukha dArzanika prazna the| inhIM praznoM ko lekara una dinoM taraha-taraha ke vAda-vivAda cala rahe the| inhIM praznoM ko buddha ne avyAkRta kahA thaa| unake sammukha pramukha samasyA yaha thI ki yadi loka yA jIva ko mAtra nitya kahA jAya to zAzvatavAda svIkAra karanA hogA aura yadi use mAtra anitya kahA jAya to vaha azAzvatavAda yA ucchedavAda hogaa| jabaki donoM hI vAdoM meM unheM doSa dikhalAyI diyA thaa| isIlie unhoMne una donoM hI matavAdoM ke sambandha meM kucha kahanA anucita smjhaa| unako yaha bhaya thA ki vidheya rUpa se kucha bhI kahane para ve nizcita hI kisI matavAda meM phaMsa jaayeNge| ataeva ina ekAntika matavAdoM se bacane ke lie unhoMne tAttvika praznoM ke sandarbha meM mauna rahanA hI jyAdA ucita smjhaa| isa prakAra buddha ne tatkAlIna dArzanika praznoM kA yA to niSedhaparaka uttara diyA athavA una praznoM ko hI avyAkRta evaM asamIcIna kahakara TAla diyaa| mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM yA nahIM? athavA jIva nitya hai yA nahIM ? isa taraha ke prazna ko hI buddha ne anupayogI batAyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki "aisA prazna sArthaka nahIM, yaha brahmacarya ke lie, niveda ke lie, abhijJA ke lie, sambodhi ke lie aura nirvANa ke lie upayogI nahIM haiN| isIlie maiM unheM avyAkRta kahatA

Page #70
23 anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa haiN|' maiM bhUtakAla meM thA ki nahIM thA ? maiM bhUtakAla meM kyA thA? maiM bhatakAla meM kaisA thA ? maiM bhUtakAla meM kyA hokara phira kyA huA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAla meM hoU~gA ki nahIM ? maiM bhaviSyat kAla meM kyA hoU~gA ? maiM hU~ ki nahIM ? maiM kyA hU~? maiM kaise hU~? yaha sattva kahAM se AyA ? yaha kahA~ jAyegA ?2 Adi praznoM ko unhoMne asamIcIna kahA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki "bhikSuoM !(ina praznoM ko)asamyak prakAra se dhAraNa karane para anutpanna Asrava utpanna hote haiM aura utpanna Asrava bar3hate haiN|''3 ataeva ina Asrava sambandhI praznoM meM laganA sAdhaka ke lie anucita hai| ina sabhI praznoM ko chor3akara cAra Arya satyoM meM laganA hI nirvANa phaladAyaka hai| tathAgata maraNAnantara hotA hai yA nahIM? aisA prazna anya tIthikoM ko ajJAna ke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai| unheM rUpAdi kA ajJAna hotA hai| ataeva ve aisA prazna karate haiN| ve rUpAdi ko AtmA samajhate haiM yA AtmA ko rUpAdi yukta samajhate haiM; yA AtmA meM rUpAdi ko samajhate haiM; yA rUpa meM AtmA ko samajhate haiM jabaki tathAgata vaisA nahIM samajhate 5 ataH tathAgata ko vaise prazna bhI nahIM uThate aura dUsaroM ke aise prazna ko ve avyAkRta kahate haiM / maraNAnantara rUpa, vedanA Adi prahINa ho jAte haiM, ataeva aba prajJApanA ke sAdhana rUpAdi ke na hone se tathAgata ke lie "hai" yA "nahIM hai" aisA vyavahAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| ataeva maraNAnantara tathAgata "hai" yA "nahIM hai" ityAdi praznoM ko maiM avyAkRta batAtA huuN| maraNAnantara tathAgata kI sthiti ko avyAkRta kahane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki parama tattva kucha itanA guhya hai ki usake AdyopAnta kA na to jJAna 1. na hetaM, Avuso atthasaMhitaM nAdibrahmacariyakaM na nibbidAya, na virAgAya na nirodhAya na upasamAya na abhijJAyana sambodhAya na nibbAnAya saMvattati / tasmA taM abyAkataM bhagavatA" ti / saMyuttanikAya bhAga 2, 16:12 / 2. majjhimanikAya bhAga 1, 2:1 ( sabbAsavasutta) 3. vahI 4. saMyuttanikAya pAli-bhAga 2, 33:1 ( vacchagottasaMyuttaM) 5. saMyuttanikAya pAli-bhAga 2, 44:8 ( vyAkata saMyuttaM ) 6. saMyuttanikAya pAli bhAga-3, 44:8 ( avyAkata saMyuttaM )

Page #71
24 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA hI saMbhava hai aura na ina azakta zabdoM (bhASA) se kathana hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki vaha to aparimeya hai, agamya hai, agocara hai phira usakA vidhimalaka varNana bhI to usako saMkIrNa sImAoM meM Abaddha kara saMkucita kara detA hai / buddha ne kahA hai ki jaise gaMgA ke bAlU kI nApa nahoM; jaise samudra kI gaharAI kA patA nahIM, vaise hI maraNottara tathAgata bhI gambhora hai| aprameya hai / ataeva avyAkRta haiN|' isI prakAra jIva aura zarIra ke bhedAbheda ke prazna ko bhI unhoMne avyAkRta batAyA hai| unakA kahanA thA ki jova aura zarIra eka hai yA bhinna ? isa viSaya meM bhI kucha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki "yadi zarIra ko AtmA se bhinna mAnA jAya to brahmacaryavAsa sambhava nahIM aura yadi abhinna mAnA jAya to bhI brahmacaryavAsa sambhava nahIM / ataeva ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara madhyama mArga kA anugamana karanA hI ucita hai| isa prakAra buddha ne jIva tathA zarIra ke bhedAbheda ke prazna ko avyAkRta btaayaa| loka nitya hai yA anitya ? sAnta hai yA ananta ? Adi praznoM ko bhI unhoMne avyAkRta khaa| isa kathana kI paripuSTi saMyuttanikAya ke moggallAnasutta se hotI hai| vatsagotra parivrAjaka mahAmoggallAna se isa prakAra bolA moggallAna ! kyA loka zAzvata hai ? vatsa ! bhagavAn ne ise avyAkRta batAyA hai| moggallAna ! kyA loka azAzvata hai ? vatsa ! ise bhI bhagavAn ne avyAkRta kahA hai| moggallAna ! kyA loka antavAna hai ? vatsa ! ise bho bhagavAn ne avyAkRta batAyA hai| moggallAna ! kyA loka ananta hai ? vatsa ! ise bhI bhagavAn ne avyAkRta batAyA hai| isa prakAra buddha ne aise tattvamImAMsIya praznoM ko avyAkRta kI koTi meM rakhA hai kyoMki ye sabhI prazna aise haiM jinake viSaya meM ekAntika kathana 1. saMyuttanikAya pAli bhAga-3, 44:1 ( avyAkata saMyuttaM ) / 2. saMyuttanikAya pAli bhAga-2, 12:35 ( nidAna saMyuttaM ) / 3. saMyuttanikAya pAli bhAga-3, 44:6 ( avyAkata saMyuttaM ) /

Page #72
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 25 ucita nahIM hai aura anekAntika kathana karanA saMbhava nahIM, aura buddha to "appadIvAbhAva" meM vizvAsa karate the / vastutaH ve cAhate the ki hara vyakti parama satya kA svayaM darzana kare / isalie bhI ve ina tAttvika praznoM ora 1 unake uttaroM ke vAk jAla meM pha~sanA nahIM cAhate the aura unheM avyAkRta kahakara zAnta ho jAte the| sAtha hI, unhoMne yadi kucha praznoM kA uttara diyA hai to vaha vibhajyavAda ke sahAre hI diyA hai jisakA vivecana Age prastuta hai / (ga) vibhajyavAda vibhajyavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai prazna ko vibhAjita karake uttara denA' ; arthAt do virodhI bAtoM ko eka sAmAnya meM strokAra karanA aura punaH usI ko vibhAjita karake una vibhAgoM ko saMgata banAnA ho vibhajyavAda kA phalitArtha hai / isa vibhajyavAda kA ullekha bauddha evaM jaina-granthoM meM milatA hai / eka bAra zubha mANavaka ne gautama se pUchA, bhagavan ! maiMne - brAhmaNoM ko yaha kahate hue sunA ki gRhastha ho ArAdhaka hotA hai pravrajita - nahIM ! isa sambandha meM Apa kA kyA mata hai ? taba unhoMne kahA - "he mANavaka ! maiM yahAM vibhajyavAdI hU~, ekAMzavAdI nahIM / " mANavaka ! gRhastha bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai to nirvANa mArga kA ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA aura tyAgI bhI yadi mithyAtvo hai to vaha bho nirvANa mArga kA ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA / kintu yadi ve donoM samyak pratipatti sampanna haiM to donoM hI ArAdhaka hote haiM / isa prakAra ukta prazna ke uttara meM buddha ne na to kevala hA~ hI kahA aura na kevala na hI / balki eka tIsarA ho dRSTikoNa apanA kara apane ko vibhajyavAdI batalAyA / yadi ve vidheyAtmaka uttara dekara yaha kahate ki hA~, -gRhastha hI ArAdhaka hotA hai pravrajita nahIM, to ekAMzavAdI hote / isI prakAra yadi ve niSedhAtmaka uttara dekara yaha kahate ki nahIM, pravrajita ho ArAdhaka hotA hai gRhastha nahIM; to bho ve ekAMzavAdI ho hote, kyoMki kisI bhI prazna kA uttara ekAnta rUpa se de denA ki yaha aisA ho hai athavA yaha aisA hai hI nahIM, ekAMzavAda hai / parantu unhoMne gRhastha aura tyAgo donoM 1. " samyagarthAn vibhajya pRthak kRtvA tadvAdaM vadet / " - abhidhAna rAjendra : pU0 1201 / 2. majjhimanikAya bhAga-2, 49: 1 ( subhasuttaM ) /

Page #73
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ko ArAdhaka aura anArAdhaka donoM hI batAkara apane Apa ko vibhajyavAdI siddha kiyaa| vastutaH ve aise praznoM ke uttara meM vibhajyavAdI the, ekAMzavAdI nhiiN| kintu yahAM para yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki buddha sarvadA sabhI praznoM ke uttara meM vibhajyavAdI nahIM the| ve kevala unhIM praznoM ke uttara meM vibhajyavAdI the jinake uttara vibhajyavAda ke sahAre denA saMbhava thA / vastutaH kucha praznoM ke uttara meM ve vibhajyavAdI the to kacha praznoM ke uttara meM ekAMzavAdI bhI the| dIghanikAya meM unhoMne kahA bhI hai ki "poTrapAda ! hamane kitane hI dharma ko ekAMzika kahA hai aura kitane hI dharma ko anekAMzika bhI kahA hai|' parantu adhikAMza prazna aise the jinakA samAdhAna ve vibhajyavAda ke sahAre kiyA karate the| dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki "maiM kevala cAra Arya satyoM ke sambandha meM hI ekAMzavAdI haiN| ataeva yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnyatayA buddha vibhajyavAdI hI the / jaina-AgamoM meM bhI isI vibhajyavAda kA ullekha milatA hai| bhikSu ko kaisI bhASA kA prayoga karanA cAhie isake uttara meM mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki bhikSu "vibhajyavAda" kA prayoga kreN| bhagavatImUtra meM isa vibhajya. vAda kA lakSaNa nimna uddharaNa meM prApta hotA hai he bhagavan ! kyA jIva, savIrya ( vIryavAle ) haiM ? yA avIrya ( vIryarahita) haiM ? he gautama ! jIva savIrya bhI haiM aura avIrya bhI / he bhagavan ! kyA nArakIya jIva savIrya haiM yA avIrya haiM ? he gautama ! nArakIya jIva, labdhivIrya se savIrya haiM aura karaNavIrya se savIrya bhI haiM aura avIrya bhI haiN| 1. dIghanikAya bhAga-1, 9:4 pottttpaadsuttN)| 2. vhii| 3. "bhivakhU ! vibhajjavAyaM ca viyaagrejjaa|" -sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-1:1:14:22 / 4. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 1, 1:8:275-277 /

Page #74
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 27 he bhagavan ! jIva sakampa haiM yA niSkampa ? he gautama ! jIva sakampa bhI haiM aura niSkampa bhii|' bhagavan ! jIva kI sabalatA acchI hai yA durbalatA? jayantI! kucha jIvoM kI sabalatA acchI hai aura kucha jIvoM kI durbltaa|2 isa prakAra hameM jaina evaM bauddha donoM hI paramparAoM meM vibhajyavAda, abyAkRtavAda ke sandarbha upalabdha hote haiM / jahA~ taka buddha aura mahAvIra kI vibhajyavAdI dRSTi kA prazna hai aisA nahIM lagatA hai ki donoM meM koI mUlabhUta antara ho / vibhajyavAda meM donoM hI kathya sambandhI virodha ko vidhimukha se svIkAra karate haiN| majjhimanikAya aura bhagavatIsUtra ke pUrva prastuta sandarbho ko dekhane se isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| jahA~ taka avyAkRtatA aura avaktavyatA kA prazna hai, jaina aura bauddha daSTikoNa thor3e bhinna pratIta hote haiN| buddha jina saMdarbho meM avyAkRtatA ko svIkAra karate haiM vahA~ aisA lagatA hai ki ve use samagra rUpa se hI svIkAra kara rahe haiN| jo prazna avyAkRta haiM ve pUrI taraha se avyAkRta haiN| unheM kisI bhI rUpa meM vyAkRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jabaki jaina-paramparA meM jisa avaktavyatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaha avaktavyatA bhI nirapekSa nahIM sApekSa hI hai| jo avAcya yA avaktavya hai, vaha vaktavya bhI hai aura jo vaktavya hai, vaha avaktavya bhI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jaina daSTi se sattA aMzataH vAcya aura samagrataH avAcya hai / usameM vAcyatA aura avAcyatA donoM hI sApekSa rUpa se svIkRta haiN| isa prakAra buddha kA avyAkRtavAda jaina paramparA kI avaktavya kI dhAraNA se kisI sImA taka bhinna hai| yadyapi donoM hI avaktavyatA ko svIkAra karate haiM, tathApi donoM kI avaktavyatA sambandhI avadhAraNAyeM eka nahIM kahI jA sktii| isa sambandha meM unameM AMzika samAnatA aura AMzika asamAnatA hai| 1. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 7, 25:4:35 / 2. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 4, 12:2:8 / 3. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekheM-'sattA kitanI vAcya kitanI avAcya ? jaina darzana ke saMdarbha meM / " lekhaka-DA0 sAgaramala jaina / prakAzita-tulasI prajJA-akTUbara, navambara 1981 /

Page #75
28 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA ___ jaina evaM bauddha paramparAyeM ekAntika dhAraNAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke sandarbha meM do bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa apanAtI haiN| jahAM bauddha paramparA ubhaya vikalpoM kA niSedha karatI hai vahA~ jaina paramparA una ubhaya vikalpoM ko svIkAra karake calatI hai, jahA~ bauddha dRSTi vizleSaNAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka hai vahA~ jaina dRSTi saMzleSaNAtmaka aura svokArAtmaka hai| bauddha paramparA niSedha mukha se donoM hI vikalpoM ko asvIkAra kara detI hai aura jaina paramparA vidhi mukha se donoM ho vikalpoM ko sApekSa rUpa se svIkAra karatI hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki jahA~ mahAvIra kA vibhajyavAda apane mUla svarUpa ko sthira rakhate hue vidhimUlaka paddhati ke dvArA vikasita hokara anekAntavAda meM paryavasita huA vahA~ buddha kA vibhajyavAda avyAkRtavAda aura niSedhamUlaka paddhati ke mAdhyama se gujaratA huA anta meM zUnyavAda meM paryavasita ho gyaa| (3) jaina-paramparA meM samanvaya kA prayAsa bauddha evaM jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha vicAra hai ki koI bhI ekAntika mAnyatA satya nahIM hotI hai| ataH sabhI ekAntika mAnyatAoM se dUra rahanA hI ina darzanoM kA mukhya uddezya rahA hai| buddha ina ekAntika mAnya. tAoM se bacane ke lie hI tAtvika praznoM ke sandarbha meM aksara yA to mauna dhAraNa kara lete the yA phira unheM avyAkRta kahakara TAla dete the| yadyapi kabhI-kabhI vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para una praznoM kA samyaka vizleSaNa kara uttara dene kA prayAsa bhI karate the; jabaki mahAvIra ekAntika mAnyatAoM se dUra rahane ke lie tAttvika samasyAoM ke saMdarbha meM sarvathA ekAntika kathanoM kA pratiSedha kara vibhajyavAdI evaM sApekSa kathana paddhati ke dvArA unakA uttara dete the| ina donoM hI mahApuruSoM kI dRSTi meM pUrNa ekAntika dRSTi satyatA kA pratiSedha karato hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inhoMne kisI bhI ekAntika vicAradhArA kA anugamana nahIM kiyA aura apane yuga meM pracalita ekAnta ucchedavAdo tathA zAzvatavAdI dRSTiyoM kA virodha kiyaa| isIlie ve kisI bhI vastu ko na to mAtra nitya kahanA cAhate the aura na to mAtra anitya / kintu jahA~ buddha ne donoM ho mantavyoM kA niSedha kara azAzvatAnucchedavAda kA samarthana kiyA aura aupaniSadik neti-neti kI taraha 1. dekheM-jaina bhASAdarzana, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina pR0 9-10 /

Page #76
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 29 vastusvarUpa kI niSedhaparaka vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna kiyA; vahIM mahAvIra ne vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa apanAkara vastu-svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA arthAt jina praznoM ko buddha ne avyAkRta kahA, unhIM praznoM ko mahAvIra ne vyAkRta batAyA; jahA~ buddha ne niSedhAtmaka uttara diyA, vahIM mahAvIra ne vidhirUpa se uttara diyA / isI tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne kahA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne zAzvata aura viccheda ina donoM kA niSedha kiyA aura apane mArga ko 'madhyama mArga' kahA / jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne zAzvata aura uccheda ina donoM ko apekSA bheda se svIkRta karake vidhi mArga apanAyA / ' (1) mahAvIra kA vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa tathAgata buddha loka kI sAntatA - anantatA aura jIva kI nityatAanityatA tathA jIva aura zarIra ke bhedAbheda sambandhI dArzanika praznoM para mauna rahe aura ina praznoM ko unhoMne anupayogI batAyA, kyoMki jaba vastu nityatA- anityatA, ekatA - anekatA Adi sabhI pakSa sApekSika rUpa se vidyamAna haiM taba vastu svarUpa kA vivecana ekAntika bhASA ke dvArA kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai / kintu buddha kI apekSA mahAvIra kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne uparyukta sabhI praznoM ko sArthaka evaM vyAkaraNIya batAyA; kyoMki jaba vastu svarUpa meM nityatA- anityatA Adi sabhI pakSa vidyamAna haiM taba kisI eka pakSa ko svIkAra karanA athavA una sabakA niSedha karanA kahA~ kA nyAya hai ? vastutaH unameM se kisI eka ko svIkAra karane para jo doSa utpanna hotA hai vahI doSa una sabakA niSedha karane para bhI utpanna hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne unameM se kisI bhI pakSa kA niSedha na kara una sabako svIkAra kiyA aura unameM samanvaya kA prayatna kiyA / unake dRSTikoNa se vastu ko yathArthatA yA usakI sampUrNatA kA jJAna ekAntatA yA durAgraha se nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usase vipakSa meM nihita satya kA jJAna prApta karanA asaMbhava ho jAtA hai| vastutaH zAzvatavAda, ucchedavAda, nityavAda, anityavAda, bhedavAda, abhedavAda Adi jitane bhI mata-matAntara haiM, ve sabhI vastutattva ke kama se kama eka-eka pakSa kA nirUpaNa to karate hI haiM / isalie ApekSika rUpa se satya haiM / yadyapi mahAvIra ne bhI una 1. zrI AnandaRSi abhinandana grantha pR0 266 /

Page #77
30 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA samasta vicAradhArAoM ko mithyA dhAraNAyeM hI kahA hai| tathApi ve unheM tabhI taka mithyA kahate haiM jaba taka ve ekAntika hoM; ekAntarUpa se vastutattva kA nirUpaNa karate hue anya dRSTiyoM kA pratiSedha karatI hoM; kintu jyoMhI ve sApekSika hokara anya dRSTiyoM kA pratiSedha na karate hue vastutattva kA pratipAdana karatI haiM tyoMho ve satya ho jAtI haiN|2 ataeva kisI eka pakSIya Agraha se satya kA jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai| satya ke jJAna ke lie to unakA samanvaya Avazyaka hai| isIlie jaina vicArakoM ne samanvayAtmaka pravRtti apanAkara vastu-svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA aura tatkAlIna sabhI praznoM kA uttara vidhAyaka rUpa se diyaa| - isa prakAra bauddha paramparA meM jina praznoM ko arthahIna evaM anupayogI kaha kara TAla diyA gayA thA unhIM praznoM se ho jaina paramparA ke dArzanika cintana kI zuruAta hotI hai| isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa jaina-Agama AcArAMgasUtra se hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zruta skandha meM kahA gayA hai-isa saMsAra meM kaI jovoM ko aisA jJAna nahIM hotA ki maiM pUrva dizA se AyA hU~ yA dakSiNa dizA se AyA hU~, yA pazcima dizA se AyA hU~ athavA uttara dizA se AyA hU~ ? maiM urdhva dizA se AyA hU~ yA adho dizA se AyA hU~ ? maiM kisI eka dizA se AyA hU~ yA vidizA se AyA huuN| iso prakAra kaI jIvoM ko aipA bhI jJAna nahIM hotA ki mero AtmA pUnarjanma dhAraNa karane vAlI haiM yA punarjanma dhAraNa karane vAlI nahIM hai ? maiM (pUrvajanma meM) kauna thA ? yahA~ se marakara (AgAmo janma meM) kyA hou~gA ? AcArAMga ke isa prakathana se yaha phalita hotA hai ki jIva ko nityatAanityatA Adi tAtvika praznoM ke sandarbha meM cintana honA caahie| aise praznoM ke prati udAsIna rahanA ucita nahIM hai| unake samAdhAna ko DhUr3hane kA prayatna karanA hI caahie| ___ isI grantha meM Age punaH kahA gayA hai ki "jo AtmA ko punarjanma dhAraNa karane vAlA, ataeva zAzvata evaM svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM jAna 1. (a) sUtrakRtAMga-1:1:1:23-25 / (ba) sUtrakRtAMga-1:1:2:10-13-32 / 2. vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye dekheM, iso grantha meM vivecita nayavAda / 3. AcArAMgasUtra 1:1:1:1-3 /

Page #78
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 31 } letA hai; vahI AtmavAdI hai, vahI lokavAdI hai, vahI karmavAdI hai aura vahI kriyAvAdI hai / " " Azaya yaha hai ki jo eka se dUsare bhava meM jAne vAlo AtmA ko svIkAra karegA, vahI ihaloka - paraloka ko svIkAra karegA, use unake kAraNabhUta karma ko bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA aura jo karma ko svIkAra karegA use karma kI kAraNa bhUta kriyAoM ko bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA / kriyA ke binA karma karma ke binA ihaloka-paraloka aura ihalokaparaloka ke binA AtmA kA svatantra aura zAzvata astitva nahIM bana sakatA / ataeva AtmA yA jIva ko nitya mAnanA Avazyaka hai| kintu jaina- vicArakoM ne AtmA ke nityatva pakSa ko svIkAra karane ke bAda bhI usake anityatva pakSa ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA; apitu zAzvatavAda ke sAtha hI vicchedavAda ko bhI svIkAra kara unameM samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA / jahA~ jena dArzanikoM ne loka aura jIva ko nitya kahA vahIM use anitya bhI kahA thA / unakA yaha prakathana nimnalikhita uddharaNa se paripuSTa hotA hai jaba jamAlI ne pUchA ki, "bhagavan ! loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata hai ?" taba mahAvIra ne kahA - " he jamAlI ! loka zAzvata hai, kyoMki "loka kadApi nahIM thA, nahIM hai aura nahIM rahegA" - aisA nahIM hai / loka dhruva, niyata, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai / he jamAlo ! loka azAzvata bhI hai, kyoMki avasarpiNI kAla hokara utsarpiNI kAla hotA hai, utsarpiNI kAla hokara avasarpiNI kAla hotA hai; arthAt usameM parivartana yA vikAsa aura hrAsa hotA hai / ataeva loka nitya-anitya donoM hai aura jisa prakAra loka nitya aura anitya donoM hai usI prakAra jova yA AtmA bhI nitya aura anitya donoM hai / jahA~ dravya dRSTi se jo nitya hai vahIM paryAya dRSTi se jova anitya bhI hai / cetanA kA jova se kabhI viccheda nahIM hotA hai; kyoMki vaha ( jIva ) caitanya svarUpa hai / ataeva caitanya guNa kI dRSTi se bhI jIva nitya hai / kintu usakI anya paryAyeM utpanna aura naSTa hotI rahatI haiM / ataeva paryAyoM kI dRSTi se jIva anitya hai / 1. AcArAMgasUtra - 1 : 1 1 : 5 ( se AyAvAdI, loyAbAdI, kammAvAdI, kiriyAvAdI ) / 2. bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 4, 9:33:34 /

Page #79
32 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa prakAra jIva yA AtmA meM jaina-dArzanikoM ne nityatA ke sAtha hI anityatA ko bhI prazraya diyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki jIva pariNAmI nitya hai| isIlie usameM parivartana bhI hotA rahatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki-'he jamAlI ! jIva zAzvata hai, kyoMki "jIva kadApi nahIM thA, nahIM hai aura nahIM rahegA"aisI bAta nahIM hai, kintu "jIva thA, hai aura rhegaa|" yAvat jIva nitya hai| he jamAlI ! jIva azAzvata bhI hai kyoMki vaha nairayika hokara tiryaJca yonika ho jAtA hai, tithaMca yonika hokara manuSya ho jAtA hai aura manuSya hokara deva ho jAtA hai|" gautama ne bhI jaba mahAvIra se pUchA ki he bhagavan ! nairayika jIva zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ? to unhoMne yahI kahA ki he gautama ! jIva kazcit zAzvata hai aura kazcit azAzvata hai / isakA kAraNa pUchane para punaH unhoMne kahA ki vaha dravyadRSTi se zAzvata hai aura paryAya yA bhAva kI dRSTi se azAzvata hai / "3 / / ___ isa prakAra jaina vicArakoM ke dRSTikoNa se loka aura jIva nityAnityAtmaka hai, bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai| ataeva ve unheM na to mAtra nitya kahanA cAhate aura na to mAtra anitya / apitu unheM nitya-anitya donoM hI kahate haiM / isI prakAra loka aura jIva kI sAntatA-anantatA ke viSaya meM bhI apanA mata vyakta karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vaha na to mAtra eka hai, na to mAtra aneka; na to kevala sAnta hai aura na to kevala ananta / apitu vaha eka bhI hai, aura aneka bhI hai| vaha sAnta bhI hai aura ananta bhI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki loka dravya kI apekSA se sAnta hai, kyoMki vaha saMkhyA meM eka hai kintu vaha bhAva arthAt paryAyoM kI apekSA se ananta hai| kyoMki loka dravya kI ananta paryAya haiN| kAla kI dRSTi meM loka ananta hai arthAt zAzvata hai kyoMki aisA koI bhI kAla nahIM thA jisameM loka kA astitva na ho| loka kI isa sAntatA aura anantatA ko siddha karane ke lie ve usake cAra vibhAga kiye haiM-dravya loka, kSetra loka, kAla loka aura bhAva lok| ina cAroM vibhAgoM ke mAdhyama se yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki loka sAnta bhI hai aura ananta bhI hai; eka bhI hai aura aneka bhI hai| isI prakAra jIva 1. bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga, 4, 9:33:34 / 2. bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga, 3, 7:3:15 / 3. bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 1, 2:1 /

Page #80
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa kI sAntatA-anantatA ke viSaya meM unakA kahanA hai ki "dravya ( dRSTi ) se jIva eka hai, ( isalie ) sasIma yA sAnta hai| kSetra kI daSTi se bhI jIva asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlA hai, ( vastutaH vaha) asaMkhyAta AkAza pradeza avagAhana kiye hue hai, ( isalie ) samIpa yA sAnta hai / kAla (kI dRSTi) se jIva nitya hai, arthAt aisA koI samaya nahIM thA, na hai aura na hogA, jaba jIva na rahA ho, yAvat jIva nitya hai, antarahita hai (aura ) bhAva ( kI apekSA ) se jIva ke ananta jJAna-paryAyeM haiM, ananta darzana-paryAyeM haiM, ananta caritra-paryAyeM haiM aura ananta agarulaghu paryAya haiM, ( isalie jIva ) antarahita haiN| isa prakAra dravya jIva aura kSetra jIva sAnta ( anta sahita ) haiM tathA kAla jIva aura bhAva jIva antarahita haiN| isalie he skandaka ! jIva anta sahita bhI hai aura anta rahita bhI hai|'' jIva aura zarIra paraspara bhinna hai yA abhinna hai ? isa prazna ke sambandha meM jaina dArzanikoM ne donoM hI pakSoM (bheda-abheda) ko svIkAra kara unameM samanvaya kiyA aura kahA ki ekAnta bheda yA ekAnta abheda mAnane para jo doSa utpanna hote haiM ve doSa ubhaya rUpa mAnane para nahIM utpanna hote / ataeva jIva-zarIra meM bheda aura abheda donoM hI pakSoM ko svIkAra karanA caahie| bheda isalie mAnanA cAhie ki zarIra ke naSTa hone para bhI jIva rahatA hai, isakA punarbhava hotA hai| siddhAvasthA meM bhI to azarIrI AtmA rahatI hI hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM muktAtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki AtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva hai, na vRtta hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaNDala saMsthAna vAlA hai, vaha na kRSNa, nIla, pota, rakta evaM zveta varNavAlA hai, na durgandha evaM sugandha vAlA hai, na tIkSNa, kaTuka, khaTTA, mIThA evaM amla rasa vAlA hai, na guru, laghu, komala, kaThora, snigdha, rUkSa, zIta evaM uSNa sparza vAlA hai, na strI, puruSa evaM napuMsaka veda vAlA hai arthAt zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi vizeSaNoM se rahita hai| isalie muktAtmA ko apada kahA gayA hai|"2 isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ke dRSTikoNa se yadi AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna na mAnA jAya to uparyukta prakathana sarvathA mithyA aura nirAdhAra ho jAyegA / muktAtmA ke sabhI vizeSaNa zarIra-bhinna AtmA para hI lAgU hote 1. bhagavatIsUtra-bhAga 1, 2:1 / 2. AcArAMgasUtra-1:5:6:6 /

Page #81
34 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA haiN| isI prakAra abheda isalie mAnanA cAhie kyoMki saMsArI jIvana meM jIva aura zarIra kA agnilauha-piNDavat sambandha hotA hai kyoMki kAyika karma kA vipAka AtmA meM hotA hai| sAtha hI sAtha, zarIra se kisI vastu kA sparza hone para AtmA meM saMvedana to hotA hI hai| ataH AtmA aura zarIra meM abheda sambandha bhI mAnanA Avazyaka hai| bhagavatIsUtra' meM gati, indriya, kaSAya, lezyA, yoga, upayoga, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura veda ye jIva ke dasa pariNAma ginAye gaye haiN| ye sabhI pariNAma zarorayukta saMsArI jIva para lAgU hote haiN| yadi jIva kA zarIra se abheda na mAnA jAya to ina pariNAmoM ko jIva kA pariNAma nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa saMdarbha meM svayaM mahAvIra ne hI kahA hai ki "he gautama ! maiM yaha jAnatA hai, maiM yaha dekhatA hU~, maiM yaha nizcita jAnatA hU~, maiM yaha sarvathA jAnatA huuN| maiMne yaha jAnA hai, maiMne yaha dekhA hai, maiMne yaha nizcita jAnA hai aura maiMne yaha sarvathA jAnA hai ki tathAprakAra ke rUpa vAle, karma vAle, rAga vAle, veda vAle, moha vAle, lezyA vAle, zarIra vAle aura usa zarIra se avimukta jova ke viSaya meM aisA hI jJAta hotA hai, yathA-usa zarIra yukta jIva meM kAlApana yAvat zvetapana, sugandhipana yA durgandhipana, kaTupana yAvat madhurapana tathA karkazapana athavA yAvat rUkSapana hotA hai| jIva ke ye sAre vizeSaNa AtmA aura zarIra ke abheda mAnane para hI lAgU hote haiN| vastutaH AtmA aura zarIra meM bhedAbheda sambandha hai| yaha tathya nimnalikhita saMvAda se aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| bhagavan ! kAya (zarIra) AtmA hai yA AtmA se bhinna ? gautama ! kAya, AtmA bhI hai aura AtmA se bhinna bhI / bhagavan ! kAya rUpI hai yA arUpI ? gautama ! kAya rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhii| isI prakAra pUrvavat eka-eka prazna karanA caahie| he gautama ! kAya sacitta bhI hai aura acitta bhii| kAya jIva rUpa bhI hai aura ajIva rUpa bhii| kAya jIvoM ke bhI hote haiM aura ajovoM ke bho / ' isa prakAra ukta 1. bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 5, 14:4:7 / 2. bhagavatIsRtra, bhAga 5, 17:2 / 3. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 5, 13:7:13,14 /

Page #82
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 35 praznoM kA uttara dekara yaha paripuSTa kiyA gayA hai ki jIva aura zarIra meM bheda bhI hai aura abheda bhI hai| vastutaH AtmA ko zarIra se na to atyanta bhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na to atyanta abhinna hI / ataH AtmAzarIra meM bhedAbheda sambandha hai / 1 isa prakAra jaina vicAraka tatkAlIna nAnA praznoM ke uttara vidhAyaka rUpa se dete the / unake isI vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma yaha huA ki unheM vastuoM meM nityatva - anityatva, ekatva - anekatva, bhedatva - abhedatva Adi aneka pakSoM ko svIkAra karanA par3A / tatpazcAt vastuoM kI ananta dharmAtmakatA aura anekAntavAda jaise siddhAntoM kI sthApanA huI / jinakA vivecana hama Age prastuta kareMge / (2) vastuoM kI anantadharmAtmakatA jaina darzana kA pratipAdya viSaya hai vastu-svarUpa kI anekAntAtmakatA / usake anusAra vastu anekAnta svarUpa hai / anekAnta zabda kA Azaya hai aneka antoM vAlA (aneka + anta) | aneka kA artha hai eka se adhika aura anta kA artha hai dharma | isa prakAra anekAnta kA artha huA vastu kA eka se adhika yAnI ananta dharmAtmaka honA- "anantadharmAtmakaM vastu" / vastu kA svarUpa virAT hai / vaha ananta dharmoM, ananta guNoM aura ananta paryAyoM kA akhaNDa - piNDa hai / usameM avasthita una ananta dharmoM meM se samaya-samaya para vyakti apane prakathana ke uddezya se apekSita dharmoM ko ho grahaNa karatA hai, jabaki usameM usake atirikta aura bhI aneka dharma vidyamAna haiM / parantu isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki vyakti apanI svecchA se usa vastu para svecchita dharma kA AropaNa karatA hai| apitu vastue~ sva-svarUpa se ho anantadharmAtmaka hotI haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai ki vastue~ ananta dharmAtmaka kahalAtI haiN| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA kahanA hai ki "vastutattva mAtra sImita lakSaNoM kA puMja nahIM hai, jaina dArzanikoM ne use ananta dharmAtmaka kahA hai| yadi hama vastu ke bhAvAtmaka guNa dharmoM para hI vicAra kareM to unakI saMkhyA bhI aneka hogo / udAharaNArtha gulAba kA phUla gandha kI dRSTi se sugandhita hai, to varNa kI dRSTi se kisI eka yA ekAdhika viziSTa raMgoM se yukta hai, sparza kI dRSTi se usakI paMkhur3iyA~ komala haiM, kintu DaMThala tIkSNa hai, usameM eka viziSTa svAda hai, Adi-Adi / yaha

Page #83
36 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAjhyA to huI vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI bAta, kintu usake abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI saMkhyA to usake bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI apekSA kaI gunA adhika hogI, jaise gulAba kA phUla, camelI kA phUla, mogare kA phUla yA palAsa kA phUla nahIM hai| vaha apane se itara sabhI vastuoM se bhinna hai aura usameM una sabhI vastuoM ke anekAneka dharmoM kA abhAva bhI hai| punaH yadi vastutattva kI bhUta evaM bhAvI tathA vyakta aura avyakta paryAyoM (sambhAvanAoM) para vicAra kareM to usake gaNa dharmoM kI yaha saMkhyA aura bhI adhika bar3hakara nizcita hI ananta taka pahu~ca jaayegii| vastu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa usake bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka donoM hI prakAra ke dharmoM ke AdhAra para hotA hai| vaha kyA hai aura kyA-kyA nahIM hai-ina donoM se milakara vaha apanA vastu-svarUpa pAtI hai| kursI ko kursI hone ke liye kevala itanA paryApta nahIM hai ki usameM kursI ke guNadharma haiM apitu usakI meja Adi se bhinnatA bhI Avazyaka hai| ataH yaha kathana satya hI hai ki vastutatva ananta dharmoM, ananta guNoM evaM ananta paryAyoM kA puMja hai" / ' yadyapi hamArI anubhUti meM vastuoM ke kucha hI guNadharmoM kA grahaNa hotA hai kintu usameM mAtra utane hI guNadharma nahIM hote| vastu meM to aise bhI aneka guNadharma haiM jinakA jJAna hamArI sAmAnya anubhUti se pare hai / una sabakA jJAna kevala sarvajJa ko hI ho pAtA hai| vastutaH vastu nAnA rUpavatI sattA hai| eka-eka prakathana usa nAnA rUpavatI sattA ke eka-eka aMza kA pratipAdana karane meM apanA mahattva rakhatA hai| yaha sambhava hai ki vastu svarUpa sambandhI do bhinna prakathana paraspara virodhI pratIta hoM; kintu phira bhI, unameM Apasa meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki donoM hI kathya dharma apekSA bheda se usa vastu meM vidyamAna haiN| svayaMbhUstotra meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "vidhi aura niSedha donoM kathaMcit iSTa haiM vivakSA se unameM mukhya-gauNa kI vyavasthA hotI hai / 2 isakA Azaya yahI hai ki vidhi aura niSedha, yadyapi paraspara virodhI haiM kintu vastu ke svarUpanirdhAraNa meM donoM kI apekSA hai| ina donoM meM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM vastu kA apanA svarUpa nahIM bana sakatA; anyathA vastu sarvAtmaka ho jaayegii| 1. draSTavya-jaina-darzana aura saMskRti : Adhunika saMdarbha meM, pR0 58. 2. vidhiniSedhazca kathaJcidiSTau / vivakSayA mukhya-guNa-vyavasthA // -svayaMbhUstotra, kA0 25.

Page #84
37 anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa hamane pIche kahA hai ki kursI ko hone ke lie usameM meja ke guNa-dharmoM kA abhAva honA hI caahie| ataH vastu ko vastu hone ke lie usameM abhAvAtmaka guNa-dharma kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa bhI svIkArya hai / vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha anekAntika bhI hai| mAnava buddhi jinheM paraspara virodhI guNadharma mAna letI hai ve bhI eka hI vastutattva meM apekSA bheda se eka sAtha rahate hue dekhe jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha hama pratidina yaha vyavahAra meM dekhate haiM ki eka hI vyakti pitRtva aura putratva athavA bhrAtRtva aura patitva Adi virodhI guNadharmoM se sampanna hai| vastutaH jo vyakti apane pitA kI apekSA se putra hai vahI vyakti apane putra kI apekSA se pitA bhI hai| itanA hI nahIM, eka hI Amraphala meM amlatA ke sAtha hI madhuratA bhI vidyamAna rahato hai; kyoMki yadi kacce Amraphala meM bhI vyakta yA avyakta rUpa se madhuratA kA guNa na hotA to pakane para vaha madhuratA ke guNa se yukta nahIM ho paataa| ataH usameM apekSAbheda se amlatA ke sAtha hI madhuratA bhI vidyamAna rahatI hai| usameM antara sirpha itanA hI hotA hai ki usake kaccepana meM amlatA kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura pakane para madhuratA ko / yadi usameM kisI eka bhI guNa kA nitAnta abhAva hotA to nizcaya ho kAlAntara meM usa guNa kA vyakta honA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hotaa| parantu kAlAntara se vaha guNa vyakta hotA hai aura usakI anubhUti bhI hotI hai| ataH usameM apekSA bheda se donoM guNoM kA rahanA saMbhava hai| isI prakAra eka hI vastu meM aneka paraspara virodhI guNadharma apekSAbheda se vidyamAna rahate haiN| jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra vastue~ aneka dharmAtmaka hone ke sAtha hI paraspara virodhI dharma yugaloM se bhI yukta hotI haiN| ataH ve sadasadAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, bhAvAbhAvAtmaka bhI haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki sabhI vastue~ aneka dharmAtmaka hone ke kAraNa anekAnta svabhAva vAlI hotI haiM......jo tadAtmaka hai vaha atadAtmaka hai, jo ekAntAtmaka hai vaha anekAntAtmaka hai, jo sadAtmaka hai vaha asadAtmaka 1. kIdRzaM vastu ? nAnAdharmayuktaM vividha svabhAvaiH sahitaM kathaMcit astitvanAstitvaikatvAnekatvanityatvAnityatvabhinnatvAbhinnatvapramukhairAviSTam / -svAmIkArtikeyAnuprekSATIkA, gA0 253.

Page #85
38 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA bhI hai|' arthAt nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva Adi paraspara virodhI dharma yugala eka hI vastu ke do pakSa yA pahalU haiN| ve eka hI vastu meM sadA apekSAbheda se vidyamAna rahate haiN| sarvathA nityatva aura sarvathA anityatva svarUpa koI vastu nhiiN| nityatA aura anityatA donoM ko eka dUsare kI apekSA hai| nityatA ke binA anityatA aura anityatA ke binA nityatA aura isI prakAra ekatA ke binA anekatA aura anekatA ke binA ekatA kA koI artha nahIM; ve paraspara sApekSa haiN| DA0 sAgaramala jaina ke zabdoM meM astitva nAstitvapUrvaka hai aura nAstitva astitvapUrvaka hai| ekatA meM anekatA aura anekatA meM ekatA anusyUta hai, jo dravya dRSTi se nitya hai, vahI paryAya dRSTi se anitya bhI hai| utpatti ke binA vinAza aura vinAza ke binA utpatti nahIM hai / paMcAstikAya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhAva arthAt sattva kA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt asattva kA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI padArtha (dharma) apane guNa aura paryAya rUpa se utpAda-vyaya karate rahate haiN| loka meM jitane sat haiM ve traikAlika sat haiN| unakI saMkhyA meM kabhI bhI hera-phera nahIM hotaa| unake gaNa aura paryAyoM meM parivartana avazyambhAvI hai| usakA koI apavAda nahIM ho sktaa|' punaH utpatti aura vinAza ke lie dhrauvyatva bhI apekSita hai anyathA utpatti aura vinAza kisakA hogA; kyoMki vizva meM vinAza ke abhAva se utpatti jaisI bhI koI sthiti nahIM hai| yadyapi dhrauvyatva aura utpatti-vinAza ke dharma paraspara virodhI haiM, kintu donoM ko sahavartI mAne binA vizva kI vyAkhyA asambhava hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AcAryoM 1. "sa tu sarvamanekAMtAtmakamityanuzAsti'"....tatra yadeva tattadevAtat yadevaika tadevAnekaM yadeva sattadevAsava yadeva nityaM tadevAnityamityeva vastu / -samayasAra gA0 247 kI TIkA. 2. jaina-darzana aura saMskRti : Adhunika saMdarbha meM, pR. 59. 3. bhAvassa Natthi NAso NatthiabhAvassa caiva uppaado| guNapajjayesu bhAvA uppAdavae pakuvvaMti / / -paMcAstikAya, kA. 15.. 4. jaina-darzana aura saMskRti-Adhunika saMdarbha meM, pR0 59.

Page #86
39 anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa ne vastu yA sattA ko pariNAmI nitya kahA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki padArtha sarvathA nitya athavA sarvathA anitya nahIM hai kintu pariNAmI nitya hai| pariNAmI nitya kA artha hai-"pratisamaya nimitta ke anusAra nAnA rUpoM meM parivartita hote hue bhI apane mUla svarUpa kA parityAga na krnaa|" pratyeka dravya hara samaya apane nimittoM ke kAraNa apane mUla svarUpa kA parityAga kiye binA parivartita hotA rahatA hai arthAt usakA nimitta usako vibhinna paryAyoM (avasthAoM) meM badalatA rahatA hai| jaise yadyapi svarNakAra ke kAraNa svarNa kA vibhinna rUpoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI svarNa apane svarNatva guNa ko nahIM chor3atA hai| paryAyoM ko yaha parivartanazIlatA hI dravya kA pariNamana kahalAtI hai| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki pratyeka dravya meM nityatA-anityatA donoM hI dharma vidyamAna haiN| eka aisA hai jo tInoM kAloM (bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna) meM zAzvata hai aura dUsarA aisA hai jo sadA parivartanazIla hai| isI zAzvatatA ke guNa-dharma ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu dhrauvyAtmaka arthAt sthira hai aura pariNamanazIlatA ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu utpAda-vyayAtmaka arthAt asthira hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM pracalita zAzvatavAdI aura ucchedavAdI Adi paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM ke madhya samanvaya karate hue, anekAntika dRSTi se vastu-tattva ko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka kahakara paribhASita kiyaa|' vastutaH pratyeka vastu meM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya tInoM guNa vidyamAna haiN| dhrauvya guNa nityatA aura utpAda evaM vyaya (utpatti aura vinAza) anityatA ke paricAyaka haiN| yadyapi utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvyatA ke guNa eka dUsare se bhinna haiM phira bhI, ve eka dUsare se svatantra nahIM haiM / yadi utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ko eka dUsare se svatantra yA nirapekSa mAneM, to unameM se kisI kI bhI sattA nahIM raha jAyegI; kyoMki utpAda ke binA vyaya aura dhrauvya kA koI artha nahIM, koI astitva nahIM / isI prakAra dhrauvya ke binA utpAda aura vyaya bhI asambhava hai; kyoMki utpAda aura vyaya kA AdhAra koI vastUtatva honA caahie| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki tInoM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ko eka dUsare kI apekSA hai| ataH vizva kI vyavasthA meM tInoM kA rahanA Avazyaka hai| dravya-svarUpa kA lakSaNa karate hue sanmati-tarka meM kahA gayA hai ki utpAda 1. utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat-tattvArthasUtra - 5:29.

Page #87
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA evaM nAza rUpa paryAyoM se rahita dravya nahIM hotA aura dravya arthAt dhruvAMza se rahita paryAya nahIM hote, kyoMki utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya, ye tInoM dravya -sat ke lakSaNa haiM / " 40 jaina- dArzanikoM ne inhIM tInoM zaktiyoM ( utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ) ko tripadI pada se bhI saMbodhita kiyA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM isa tripadI kA nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai - ' uppannevA vigayevA dhuvevA' / jaina - darzana ke anusAra yahI tripadI anekAntavAdI vicAra paddhati kA AdhAra hai / syAdvAda aura nayavAda sambandho vipula sAhitya mAtra isakA vistAra hai / tripadI hI jina dvArA vapita "bIja" hai jisase syAdvAda rUpI vaTa vRkSa vikasita huA hai / yaha vastutattva ke anekAntika svarUpa ko sUcaka hai jisakA spaSTIkaraNa bhagavatIsUtra ke vividha prasaMgoM meM kiyA 2 gayA hai / udAharaNArtha jaba mahAvIra se gautama ne yaha pUchA ki bhagavan ! jIva nitya hai yA anitya ? taba mahAvIra ne uttara dete hue kahA ki gautama ! jIva apekSA bheda se nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI / punaH gautama ne pUchA bhagavan ! yaha kaise ? taba mahAvIra ne batAyA ki gautama ! dravya dRSTi se jIva nitya hai aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya / isI prakAra eka anya prazna ke uttara meM unhoMne somila se kahA thA ki somila ! dravya dRSTi se maiM eka hU~, kintu parivartanazIla cetanA kI avasthAoM (paryAyoM) kI apekSA se maiM aneka bhI hU~ / isI prakAra bhagavatI sUtra meM vastutastva kI anantadharmAtmakatA aura usakI anekAntikatA kA pratipAdana bahuta hI vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / 1. davvaM pajjaviuyaM davva viuttA yA pajjavA Natthi / upAya-dvi-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkhaNaM eyaM || - siddhasena divAkara kRta- sanmatitarkaprakaraNam bhAga 3, 1:12. 2. draSTavya - jaina- darzana aura saMskRti : Adhunika sandarbha meM, pR0 59 / 3. goyamA ! jIvA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA goyamA ! davvaTTayAe sAsayA bhAvaTTayAe asAsayA / 4. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga 6, 18:10:18 / -- bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 3,7:2:23.

Page #88
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa isa prakAra Anubhavika evaM zAstrIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka, anekAntika evaM aneka virodhI dharma yugaloM vAlI haiN| parantu yahA~ kucha AcAryoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki eka hI vastu tatva meM samasta virodhI dharma yugaloM kA rahanA sambhava nahIM hai; kyoMki aisA hone para eka ho cetanya svarUpa AtmA ko cetana-acetana donoM hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| jabaki jo cetana hai use acetana aura jo ace. tana hai use cetana nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isI prakAra jo sundara hai use asundara aura jo asundara hai use sundara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vastutaH caitanya aura acaitanya, sundara aura asundara Adi virodhI dharma yugaloM kA ekAzrayI siddha karanA kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai / dhavalA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadi ( vastU meM ) sampUrNa dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA mAna liyA jAya to paraspara viruddha caitanya-acaitanya, bhavyatva-abhavyatva Adi dharmoM kA eka sAtha AtmA meM rahane kA prasaMga bhI A jaayegaa| satya yaha hai ki jina dharmoM kA vastu tattva meM atyantAbhAva hai una dharmoM kA usameM upasthita rahanA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra yadi ye paraspara virodhI dharmayugala vastu meM nahIM haiM to bhI isase vastu ke ananta dharmAtmakatA kA hanana nahIM hotaa| vastue~ to ananta dharmAtmaka haiM hii| usameM nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva, astitva-nAstitva, bhedatva-abhedatva Adi aneka virodhI dharma-yagaloM kA rahanA bhI sambhava hai| usameM yadi kinhIM dharma yugaloM kA rahanA sambhava nahIM hai to ve haiM usakI sattA ke nirdhAraka bhAvAtmaka dharmayugala / para usakA niSedhAtmaka dharmayugala to hai hii| vastutaH jaba jaina-AcArya acaitanya dharma ko AtmA meM ghaTAte haiM taba unake usa kathana kA pratipAdya yahI hotA hai ki AtmA meM 'acaitanyatA kA abhAva' rUpa dharma hai| unake isa kathana se bhI to AtmA kI cetanatA kI hI puSTi hotI hai| vastutaH usakI anekAntatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| AcArya hemacandra anyayogavyavacchedikA meM vastu ke anekAntika svarUpa kI ora saMketa karate hue likhate haiM ki vizva kI samasta vastue~ syAdvAda ke mudrA se yukta haiM koI bhI usakA 1. (a) dhavalA khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 11, pR0 167 / (ba) jainendra siddhAntakoza bhAga 1, pR0 113 /

Page #89
42 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA ullaMghana nahIM kara sktaa| ___ ataH vastue~ anekAntika evaM ananta dharmAtmaka haiN| yadyapi yaha ThIka hai ki vastuoM kA yaha anekAntika aura anantadharmAtmaka svarUpa vyakti ko asamaMjasa meM DAla detA hai kintu jaba vastu kA svarUpa hI kucha isa taraha kA hai to isake lie koI kara hI kyA sakatA hai ? bauddha dArzanika dharmakoti kA bhI yahI kahanA hai "yadIMdaM svayamebhyo rocate ke vayaM ?" punaH hamArA vivecanIya viSaya vastutattva guNa-paryAyoM ke Azraya ke atirikta aura hai hI kyA ? vaha mAtra guNa-dhama-paryAyoM kA puMja hI to hai| isa bAta ko pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ve bhI dravya ko "guNa paryAyavat dravyam" hI kahakara paribhASita karate haiN| ataH vastue~ ananta dharmAtmaka haiN| vastu ke isI anekAntAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana anekAntavAda karatA hai jise aba Age prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| (3) anekAntavAda ko avadhAraNA ___ jaina-darzana eka vastuvAdI evaM bahutattvavAdI darzana hai| vaha tattvoM kI anekatA ke sAtha hI unakI anantadharmatA evaM anekAntikatA meM bhI vizvAsa karatA hai| usake anusAra na kevala vizva meM ananta sattAe~ haiM apitu pratyeka sattA ananta dharma, ananta guNa aura ananta paryAyoM se yukta hai| isIlie vastu ko ananta dharmAtmaka kahA gayA hai|2 mAtra itanA hI nahIM, pratyeka vastuoM meM aneka bhAvAtmaka evaM abhAvAtmaka dharmoM ke sAtha hI paraspara virodhI dharma yugala bhI pAye jAte haiN| isIlie bhI use anekAntika kahA gayA hai| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vastu kI anantadharmatA evaM usakI anekAntikatA donoM alaga-alaga bAteM haiM / jahA~ ananta dharmatA vastu ke ananta dharmAtmaka hone kI sUcanA detI hai vahIM anekAntikatA usase eka kadama Age bar3hakara yaha sUcita karatI hai ki vaha mAtra ananta dharmAtmaka hI nahIM hai apitu usameM aneka paraspara virodhI dharma yugala bhI haiN| eka hI vastu meM eka hI sAtha ananta dharmoM kA pAyA jAnA vastu kI ananta 1. "AdIpamAvyomasamasvabhAvaM syAdvAda mudrA natimaMdi vastu / " -anyayogavyavacchedikA, 5-1 / 2. "ananta dharmAtmakaM vastu'-syAdvAdamaJjarI zloka 22 kI TokA /

Page #90
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 43 dharmAtmakatA hai aura usI ananta dharmAtmaka vastu meM paraspara virodhI aneka dharma yugala kA pAyA jAnA usakI anekAntikatA hai / vizva kI pratyeka vastu ananta dharmoM kA puMja hai| sAtha hI pratyeka dharma apane-apane virodhI dharma yugala ke sAtha hI vastu meM rahA huA hai| paM0 vaMzIdhara ke anusAra anekAnta zabda kA artha hai-"vastu meM paraspara virodhI aneka dharmoM kA pAyA jAnA" jisameM aneka zabda kA tAtparya do saMkhyA se hai|' ___ isa taraha anekAnta zabda kA vAstavika artha "vastu meM paraspara virodhI do dharmoM kA eka sAtha pAyA jAnA" hotA hai / yaha artha vAstavika isalie hai ki paraspara virodhitA do dharmoM meM hI sambhava hai; tIna, cAra Adi saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta va ananta dharma milakara kabhI paraspara virodhI nahIM hote haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki eka dharma kA virodhI yadi dUsarA eka dharma hai to zeSa sabhI dharma paraspara virodhI una do dharmoM se kisI eka dharma ke niyama se avirodhI ho jaayeNge| uparyukta kathana se yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki vastu kA ananta dharmAtmaka honA eka bAta hai aura usakA (vastu kA) anekAntAtmaka honA dUsarI bAta hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM vastu kA svabhAva ananta dharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika hai| mAtra yahI nahIM jaina AcAryoM ne acetana dravyoM ke sAtha hI cetana dravyoM ko bhI ananta dharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika batAyA hai| unake anusAra caitanya svarUpa AtmA meM bhI ananta dharma, ananta guNa evaM ananta paryAya pAye jAte haiN| DaoN0 candradhara zarmA ke zabdoM meM, pudgala aura jIva pRthak evaM svatantra sattAe~ haiM asaMkhya pudgala aNu aura asaMkhya vaiyaktika AtmAyeM haiM jo pRthaka evaM svatantra rUpa se sat haiM aura pratyeka aNa aura pratyeka AtmA ke apane saMbhAvita asaMkhya AyAma haiM / 3 yadyapi yahA~ DaoN0 1. zramaNopAsaka, pR0 702. varSa 6, aMka 16, pharavarI 1969 / 2. vhii| 3. Matter (pudgala) and spirit (jiva) are regarded as separate and independent realities. There are innumerable material atoms and innumerable individuals souls which are all separately and independently real And each atoms and each soul possesses innumerable

Page #91
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA zarmA ne asaMkhya evaM ananta zabda ke antara ko bhulA diyA hai; kyoMki jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra asaMkhya vaha hai jisakI gaNanA saMbhava nahIM hoto parantu vaha sAnta hai jabaki ananta vaha hai jisakA anta kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai / yahA~ DaoN0 zarmA ke asaMkhya kA Azaya AtmA kI anantatA ( anekAntatA) se hI hai / ataH isa asaMkhya ko ananta kA ho sUcaka samajhanA cAhie / 44 2 DaoN0 mohana lAla mehatA ne isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki AtmA meM bhI caitanya guNa ke atirikta anya guNa dharma bhI haiN| unake ho zabdoM meM - "upayoga ke atirikta utpAda, vyaya, dhaugya, satva, prameyatvAdi aneka sAdhAraNa dharma bhI usameM (jova meM ) pAye jAte hai / " paMcAstikAya ? meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhAva arthAt sat kA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt asat kA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rUpa se utpAda vyaya karate rahate haiM / loka meM jitane sat haiM, ve traikAlika sat haiM / unako saMkhyA meM kabhI hera-phera nahIM hotA / kintu unake svarUpa lakSaNa ko chor3akara anya guNoM meM aura paryAyoM meM parivartana avazyambhAvI hai / koI bhI dravya isakA apavAda nahIM ho sakatA; arthAt pratyeka sat pratisamaya pariNamana karatA hai / vaha pUrva paryAyoM ko chor3akara uttara paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / usakI yaha pUrva vyaya tathA uttarotpAda kI dhArA anAdi aura ananta hai, kabho bho vicchinna nahIM hotI / cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, koI bho vastu sat, utpAda vyaya ke cakra se bAhara nahIM hai / yaha usakA nija svabhAva hai / usakA maulika dharma hai | ataH use pratisamaya pariNamana karanA cAhie / AtmA jo ki dravya dRSTi se nitya hai vahIM apanI cetana paryAyoM ko aspects of its own. A thing has got an infinite number of characteristics of its own. --A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, p. 50. 1. jaina darzana pR0 158. 2. bhAvassa Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa cevauppAdo | guNapajjayesu bhAvA upAya vayaM pakuvvati / - paMcAstikAya, gA. 15.

Page #92
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa apekSA se anitya hai| cUMki AtmA jJAna svarUpa hai arthAt jJAna aura AtmA meM bhI apRthak sambandha hai aura jJAna meM utpAda-vyaya hotA hai| ataH AtmA meM bhI utpAda-vyaya upasthita hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki anya dravyoM ke samAna hI AtmA bhI anekAnta rUpa hai| dhavalA meM bhI to yahI kahA gayA hai ki AtmA kI anekAntikatA asiddha nahIM hai; kyoMki anekAnta ke binA usakA arthakriyAkAritva nahIM bana sktaa|' ___isa prakAra vizva ke sabhI padArthoM meM cAhe ve cetana hoM yA acetana; unameM ananta dharmoM, ananta guNoM evaM ananta paryAyoM kA sahavAsa hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra padArtha mAtra hI anekAnta rUpa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kevala eka hI dRSTikoNa se diye gaye padArtha ke nizcaya ko jaina-darzana apUrNa evaM ekAntika samajhatA hai aura yaha ThIka bhI pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki jaba padArtha kA svarUpa hI kucha isa prakAra kA hai ki usameM apekSita dharma ke atirikta aneka pratidvandI paraspara virodhI dharma bhI sApekSa rUpa se upasthita rahate haiM, unakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, taba vastu ke kisI eka dharma ke AdhAra para usakA nizcaya karanA ekAntavAda kA hI samarthana karanA hai| DA0 mohana lAla mehatA kA bhI kahanA hai ki "jo loga eka dharma kA niSedha karake dUsare dharma kA samarthana karate haiM ve ekAntavAda kI cakkI meM pisa jAte / vastu kA kathaMcit bhedAtmaka hai, kathaMcit abhedAtmaka hai, kathaMcit satkAryavAda ke antargat hai, kathaMcit asatkAryavAda ke antargata hai, kathaMcit nirvacanIya hai, kathaMcit anirvacanIya hai, kathaMcit tarka-gamya hai, kathaMcit tarka-agamya hai| pratyeka dRSTi kI eka maryAdA hai usakA ullaMghana na karanA hI satya ke sAtha nyAya karanA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vastuoM ko na kevala asti rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai aura na kevala nAsti rUpa hii| unake viSaya meM sApekSika kathana hI sambhava hai| yahI sApekSika prakathana jaina-darzana ke anusAra yathArtha evaM satya hai| isI yathArthatA evaM satyatA kA udghATana anekAntavAda karatA hai| anekAntavAda vastu kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA / vaha usakI rakSA 1. (a) ghavalA, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 11, pR0 167 / (ba) jainendrasiddhAntakoza bhAga 1, pR0 113 / 2. jaina-darzana, pR0 282 /

Page #93
46 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA karatA hai; vastu meM avasthita nitya-anitya, eka-aneka, sat-asat Adi paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA samanvaya karatA hai / yadi anekAntavAda ke zAbdika artha para hI dhyAna diyA jAya to yaha bAta aura bhI spaSTa ho jaayegii| jaina darzana ke anusAra anekAntavAda zabda meM aneka + anta + vAda ina tIna zabdoM kA saMyoga hai / jisameM aneka kA artha hai eka se adhika aura anta kA artha hai dharma yA guNa / isa AdhAra para anekAnta kA artha hogA eka ho vastu kA aneka dharmayukta honA / aSTasAhasrI' meM anekAnta kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vastu meM na sarvathA sattva hai aura na sarvathA asattva, na sarvathA nityatva hai aura na sarvathA anityatva | kintu kisI apekSA se usameM satva hai to kisI apekSA se asattva, kisI apekSA se nityatva hai to kisI apekSA se anityatva; sattva, asattva, nityatva, anityatva Adi sarvathA ekAntoM ke asvokRti athavA prativAda kA nAma hI anekAnta hai / dhavalA meM, anekAnta kisako kahate haiM ? isa prazna ke uttara svarUpa kahA gayA hai "jaccaMta rattaM" arthAt jAtyantara bhAva ko anekAnta kahate haiM aneka dharmoM ke eka rasAtmaka mizraNa se jo jAtyantara bhAva utpanna hotA hai. vahI anekAnta zabda kA artha hai / saptabhaMgI taraMgiNora bhI anekAnta ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM paribhASita karatI hai - "jisake sAmAnya vizeSa paryAya va guNa rUpa aneka anta yA dharma haiM vaha anekAnta rUpa siddha hotA / " isI prakAra DaoN0 ratana canda anekAnta kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahate ki anekAnta zabda meM "anta" kA artha dharma hai / eka hI vastu meM paraspara samasta vastu anekAnta anekAnta hai viruddha do dharmoM kA ullekha honA svabhAva vAlI hai isalie anekAnta vastu svarUpa ko siddha karane vAlA hai / isI prakAra " vAda" zabda kA artha hai prakaTokaraNa yA prabhAvanA / 1. sannityAnityAdisarvathaikAntapratikSepalakSa gonekAntaH / " aSTasahasrI gA0 103 kI TokA, pR0 286 / 2. ( a ) dhavalA, 15:25:1 / (ba) jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1, pR0 108 / 3. "aneke antAH dharmAH sAmAnya vizeSa paryAyA gugA sasyeti siddho'nekAntaH / " saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI; pR0 30 I 4. zrI bha~garolAla bAMkolAla smArikA, pR0 177 /

Page #94
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa jainendra siddhAnta koza' meM "vAda" zabda kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki " vyavahAra meM dharma prabhAvanA" arthAt vyavahAra meM vastuoM ko ananta dharmatA ko prakaTa karanA hI vAda hai / kintu " vAda" zabda ke isa artha kA Azaya yaha nahIM hai ki usako koI svatantra artha diyA gayA hai balki vaha kathana yA ullekhya mata ke hI artha meM prayukta huA hai / isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para anekAntavAda kA artha hogA vastuoM ko ananta dharmatA ko prakaTa karanA; arthAt vibhinna apekSAoM se eka hI vastu meM aneka dharmoM ko svIkAra karanA / parantu anekAntavAda kA yaha artha mere vicAra se yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki anekAntavAda kevala vastu kI anantadharmatA ko hI sUcita nahIM karatA, apitu vaha usakI anekAntikatA ko bhI sUcita karatA hai / zrI sureza muni jI kA kathana hai ki anekAntavAda khAsa taura se virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki "aneka prakAra kI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hI pratyeka padArtha anekAnta rUpa ( aneke antAH dharmAH yasmin saH anekAntaH) meM pAyA jAtA hai / jo (dharma) vizeSatAyeM paraspara viruddha pratIta hotI haiM ve hI vizeSatAyeM eka hI padArtha meM Thoka sahI taura para pAyo jAto haiN| padArtha kI isa anekarUpatA (dharmAtmakatA) kA pratipAdana karane vAlA siddhAnta anekAntavAda haiM / 2 isa prakAra anekAntavAda ke ukta Azaya ke AdhAra para anekAnta kA artha aneka + anta ( eka se adhika dharma ) na hokara an + ekAnta arthAt ekAnta kA niSedha hai / jaina darzana meM kisI bhI vastu ko sattA ko usake guNoM se nirapekSa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka vastu ko apane astitva (sattA) ke lie guNoM kI bhI apekSA rahatI hai / tattvAryasUtra meM kahA bho gayA hai ki dravya guNa - paryAya vAlA hotA hai / ataH vastu ko apanI sattA ke lie usameM aneka dharmoM kA jJAta-ajJAta, bhAvAtmaka abhAvAtmaka avasthA meM rahanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| na to manuSya kA janma ekAntika rUpa se satya hai aura na hI usakA maraNa / donoM ko eka dUsare ko apekSA hoto 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 3, pR0 541 / 2. muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha, pR0 350 / 3. " guNaparyAyavad dravyam", tattvArthasUtra, 9:37 / 47

Page #95
48 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA hai / ataeva pratyeka padArtha ko dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se nitya, sAmAnya aura sat tathA paryAyAthika naya kI apekSA se anitya, vizeSa aura asat mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai / vastu ko sarvathA ekAntika mAnane se virodha AtA hai| ataH use anekAntika hI kahanA caahie| ekAnta kA artha hotA hai vastu meM eka hI dharma ko svIkAra karanA, kintu yaha vastu kI yathArthatA ke sarvathA viparIta aura asatya hai / parantu yaha ekAntatAbhI tabhI taka mithyA hotI hai jaba taka ki vaha nirapekSa hai yA nirapekSa rUpase kisI dharmakA kathana karatI hai| kintu sApekSa hone para vahI ekAntatA satya ho jAtI hai, samyak ho jAtI hai / samyak ekAntatA aura mithyA ekAntatA meM yahI antara hai / samyak ekAnta sApekSa hotA hai| jabaki mithyA ekAnta nirapekSa hotA hai / samyak ekAnta bhI anekAnta kA hI vAcaka hai| samyak ekAnta bhI usI prakAra satya kA udghATana karatA hai jisa prakAra anekAnta / paM0 sukhalAla jI kA kahanA hai ki "vicAra karane aura anekAnta dRSTi ke sAhitya kA avalokana karane se mAlama hotA hai ki anekAnta dRSTi satya para khar3I hai| yadyapi sabhI mahAna puruSa satya ko pasanda karate haiM aura satya kI hI khoja tathA satya ke nirUpaNa meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM tathApi"..."usase bhagavAn mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI judA hai| mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana zailI kA dUsarA nAma anekAntavAda hai| usake mUla meM do tattva haiM-pUrNatA aura ythaarthtaa| jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa se pratIta hotA hai vahI satya hai|' isa prakAra saMkSepa meM anekAntavAda hI eka aisA siddhAnta hai jo vastaoM ke viSaya meM hone vAle matAgrahoM evaM virodhoM kA parihAra kara usakI pUrNatA aura yathArthatA kA prakAzana karatA hai| isase vastu ke kisI bhI pakSa kI hAni nahIM hotI, arthAt yaha vastu ke samyak svarUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai| saMkSepa meM yahI anekAntavAda kA sAra hai| yahI jainadarzana vI mUla dRSTi hai| samUcA jaina-darzana isI para AdhArita hai| DA0 braja bihArI ke anusAra yahI dRSTikoNa ( anekAntavAda ) jaina-darzana kA sAra hai aura isI AdhAra para jIva va jagat kI vyAkhyA karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| 1. darzana aura cintana bhAga 2, pR0 151 / 2. jaina-darzana aura saMskRti, pR0 89 /

Page #96
anekAntika dRSTi kA vikAsa 49 devendra muni ke zabdoM meM anekAntavAda jaina-darzana kI cintana-dhArA kA mUla srota hai, jaina-darzana kA hRdaya hai, jaina vAGmaya kA eka bhI aisA vAkya nahIM, jisameM anekAntavAda kA prANatattva na rahA ho / yadi yaha kaha diyA jAya to tanika bhI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki jahA~ para jaina-dharma hai vahA~ para anekAntavAda hai aura jahA~ para anekAntavAda hai vahA~ para jaina-dharma hai| jaina-dharma aura anekAntavAda eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiN|' DaoN0 padmarAje kA kathana hai ki anekAntavAda jaina-darzana kA hRdaya hai tathA nayavAda aura syAdvAda isakI raktavAhinI dhamaniyA~ haiN| anekAntavAda rUpI pakSI nayavAda aura syAdvAda rUpI paMkhoM se ur3atA hai / 2 / / isa prakAra anekAntavAda jaina-darzana kA eka bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta hai / sampUrNa jaina-darzana isI para AdhArita hai| mere vicAra se yadi ise jaina-darzana kA nicor3a kahA jAya to usameM koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| 1. jaina-darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, pR0 252 / 8. 'Anekanta is the heart of Jain Metaphysics and Nayavada and Syadvada (or Saptabhangi) are its main arteries. Or, to use a happier metaphor, the bird of Anekantavada, flies on its two wings of Nayavada and Syadvada. Late Dr. Y. J. Padmarajiah-A Comparative Study of the Jaina Theories of Reality and Knowledge, p. 273.

Page #97
dvitIya adhyAya syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi syAdvAda kA tAtparya syAdvAda anekAntavAda kA jJAna mImAMsIya rUpa hai / anekAntavAda ke anusAra vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka haiM- " anantadharmakaM vastu" / sAmAnya manuSya kA jJAna sImita evaM apUrNa hotA hai / ataH vaha vastu ke ananta guNadharmoM kA jJAna prApta nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki vastu ke ananta - guNadharmoM meM se avyakta guNadharmoM kA punaH vaha jo kucha / kucha dharma vyakta hote haiM aura kucha avyakta vastu ke jJAna sAdhAraNa vyakti ke lie sambhava hI nahIM hai / jAnatA hai use samagratayA eka hI prakathana meM abhivyakta karane meM asamartha hotA hai; kyoMki usakI vANI kI sAmarthya usakI jJAna- sAmarthya kI apekSA sImita hai / udAharaNArtha - kisI vastu ko dekhate hI usake raMga, rUpa, moTAI, caur3AI Adi aneka AyAmoM kA jJAna eka sAtha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, para una samasta dRSTigata AyAmoM ko eka hI vAkya yA kathana ke dvArA abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vastutaH muni nathamala kA yaha kahanA ThIka hI pratIta hotA hai ki "jJeya ananta, jJAna ananta, kintu vANI ananta nahIM / " isa prakAra jJAna aura abhivyakti kI sImAoM ko batAnA hI syAdvAda kA uddezya hai / jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra adhikAMza dArzanika vivAdoM, AlocanAoM, pratyAlocanAoM kA mUlakAraNa jJAna evaM abhivyakti kI ina sImAoM kI upekSA kara apane jJAna evaM kathana ko hI nirapekSa evaM pUrNa satya mAna lenA hai / yahI Agraha hai, ekAnta hai / isI ekAntatA ke kAraNa jJAna dUSita bana jAtA hai / syAdvAda hI eka aisA siddhAnta hai, jo jJAna aura vANI kI sImA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kathana kI satyatA ko udghATita kara sakatA hai / yadyapi sarvajJa (kevalI) vastu ke vyakta evaM avyakta ananta dharmoM ko jAna sakatA hai parantu vaha bhI vANI dvArA una sabako eka sAtha abhivyakta karane meM asamartha hotA hai; kyoMki vANI (bhASA)

Page #98
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 51 kI apanI sImA hai / vaha usakA atikramaNa nahIM kara sakatI / yadyapi una samasta dharmoM kA pratipAdana vANI (bhASA) dvArA hI saMbhava hai phira bhI zabda - sAmarthya sImita hone ke kAraNa pratyeka prakathana kisI eka viziSTa guNa-dharma ko hI abhivyakta kara pAtA hai; kyoMki vacana vyApAra krama se hI hotA hai / vastutaH vastutattva kA yathArtha pratipAdana kramapUrvaka evaM sApekSa rUpa se hI saMbhava hai ! jainendra siddhAnta koza meM kahA gayA hai ki "kisI bhI eka zabda yA vAkya dvArA sAro kI sAro vastu kA yugapat kathana karanA azakya hone se prayojanavaza kabhI eka dharma ko mukhya karake kathana karate haiM aura kabhI dUsare ko / mukhya dharma ko sunate hue zrotA ko anya dharma bhI gauNa rUpa se svIkAra hote raheM, unakA niSedha na hone pAve isa prayojana se anekAntavAdI apane pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha syAt yA kathaMcit zabda kA prayoga karatA hai" / " isa prakAra syAdvAda eka nizcita dRSTikoNa se anekAntAtmaka arthoM kA prakAzana karate hue yaha spaSTa ghoSita karatA hai ki vastu meM sabhI dharma samAna rUpa se vidyamAna haiM / vaktA ko vastu ke jisa dharma kI vivakSA jisa samaya hotI hai usa samaya vaha mukhya aura zeSa avivakSita dharma gauNa ho jAte haiM / " puruSArthasiddhayupAya" meM gopI ke dRSTAnta dvArA yaha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa taraha mathAnI kI rassI ko kramazaH khIMcakara aura zithila kara gopI dadhi manthana kara apane abhISTa tattva (makkhana) ko prApta kara letI hai, ThIka usI prakAra syAdvAda nIti bhI vastu ke vivakSita dharma ke AkarSaNa aura zeSa avivakSita dharmoM ke zithilIkaraNa dvArA anekAntAtmaka vastutattva kI upalabdha karA detI hai / "2 AcArya umAsvAmI kA bhI yahI kahanA hai ki mukhyatA aura gauNatA se hI anekAntAtmaka vastu kA kathana siddha hotA hai / samantabhadra ne bhI kahA hai ki "kisI padArtha (ke guNa-dharmoM) kA yA usakI paryAya (vizeSa) kA vidhAna yA niSedha vivakSA ( kahane kI icchA) ke anusAra kisI bAta ko mukhya aura anya bAta ko gauNa (amukhya ) mAna 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 497 / 2. ekenAkarSantI zlathayantI vastutattvamitareNa / antena jayati jainInI tirmanthAnanetramiva gopI // 3. "arpitAnapita siddheH / " tattvArthasUtra, 5:31. --puruSArthasiddhyupAya; zloka 225

Page #99
52 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kara kathaJcit rUpa se (kisI dRSTikoNa se ) kiyA jAtA hai / " vastutaH zabda vyApAra kramazaH hone ke kAraNa manuSya vastu ke aneka dharmoM meM se eka dharma ko mukhya aura zeSa ko gauNa rakhakara hI pratipAdana karatA hai / parantu yahA~ smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki mukhyatA aura goNatA vastu meM vidyamAna dharmoM meM nahIM hotI, apitu vaktA kI apekSA anapekSA meM hotI hai / vastu meM to sabhI dharmaM samAna rUpa se rahate haiM / unameM mukhya aura gauNa hone kA koI prazna nahIM hotA; kyoMki vastu meM unheM samAna rUpa se dhAraNa karane kI zakti nihita hotI hai / zabda vyApAra use eka sAtha abhivyakta nahIM kara pAtA / isIlie vaha mukhya aura gauNa kA bheda karatA hai / vastutaH mukhya aura gauNa kA bheda vANI meM hotA hai vastu ke ananta dharmoM meM nahIM / DaoN0 hukumacandra ne apane grantha "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha" meM syAdvAda kA artha spaSTa karate hue yahI bAta kahI hai / jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM pratyeka vastu aneka dharmavatI hai / vaha na sarvathA sat hI hai aura na sarvathA asat hI hai; na sarvathA nitya hI hai aura na sarvathA anitya hI hai / kintu kisI apekSA se sat hai to kisI apekSA se asat hai; kisI apekSA se nitya hai to kisI apekSA se anitya hai | ataH sarvathA sat, sarvathA asat, sarvathA nitya, sarvathA anitya ityAdi ekAntoM kA nirasana karake vastu kA kathaJcit sat, kathaJcit asat kathaJcit nitya, kathaJcit anitya Adi rUpa honA anekAnta hai aura vastu ke usa anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ke kathana karane kI vidhi syAdvAda hai / vastu ke 1. vidhiniSedhazca kathaMcidiSTau vivakSayA mukhya-guNa-vyavasthA / 2. draSTavya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha, pR0 152. 3. asat kA artha vastu kI sattA kA abhAva nahIM apitu vastu meM kinhIM viziSTa guNa-dharmoM kA abhAva hai / jaise go meM azvatva ke viziSTa guNadharma kA abhAva / 4. " anekAntAtmakArtha kathanaM syAdvAdaH / " -- laghIyastraya TIkA - nyAyakumuda candra, svayambhUstotra, zloka - 25. tRtIyaH pravacanaM pravezaH, zlo0 62 kI TIkA

Page #100
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi anekAntAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hone se syAdvAda anekAnta kA vAcaka hai aura anekAnta syAdvAda kA vAcya hai| yadi ise isa prakAra bhI kahA jAya to bhI ThIka hI hai ki anekAnta sAdhya hai aura syAdvAda usakA sAdhaka / vastutaH syAdvAda siddhAnta apanI sApekSa zailI ke dvArA vastu ke ananta dharmoM kA sUcana karate hue anekAnta kI siddhi karatA hai| svAmI samantabhadra ne syAdvAda kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "kiJcit, kathaJcit, kathaJcana Adi zabdoM se jisakA vidhAna hotA hai tathA jo sarvathA ekAnta ko tyAga kara (anekAnta ko svIkAra kara) saptabhaGgInaya se vivakSita (upAdeya) kA vidhAyaka aura avivakSitoM (zeSadharmoM) kA niSedhaka (sanmAtrasUcaka) hai, vaha syAdvAda hai| syAdvAda ke binA heya aura upAdeya kI vyavasthA nahIM bntii|' jaina AcAryoM kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka vastu meM aneka bhAvAtmaka (svIkArAtmaka) dharmoM ke sAtha aneka abhAvAtmaka (niSedhAtmaka) dharma bhI vidyamAna rahate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, usameM aneka virodhI dharma yugala bhI upasthita rahate haiM, kintu apekSA bheda se unameM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hotA; arthAt pratyeka vastu meM bhAvAtmaka (svIkArAtmaka), abhAvAtmaka (niSedhAtmaka) aura virodhI guNa vidyamAna rahate haiN| pratyeka dharma sva-rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai aura para-rUpa se avidyamAna / yadi use para-rUpa se bhI bhAvarUpa svIkAra kiyA jAya to eka vastu ke sadbhAva meM sampUrNa vastuoM kA sadbhAva mAnanA par3egA aura yadi use sva-rUpa se bhI abhAva rUpa mAnA jAya to vastu svabhAva rahita ho jAyagI; jo ki vastu-svarUpa se sarvathA viparIta hai / vastu meM paraspara virodhI-avirodhI aneka dharmoM yA guNoM kI vidyamAnatA se jagat kA pratyeka padArtha aneka dharmAtmaka hai| jaise eka hI jIva-tattva meM darzana, jJAna, sukha, vIrya, zraddhA, madutA Adi aneka guNa nityatva, anityatva, sattva, asattva, Adi virodhI dharmayugala haiM aura eka 1. syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAt kiMvRttaci dvidhiH / saptabhaGganayApekSo heyAdeyavizeSakaH // -AptamImAMsA, zlo0 104 / 2. sarvamasti svarUpeNa pararUpeNa nAsti ca / anyathA sarvasattvaM syAt svarUpasyApyasaMbhavaH // -pramANamImAMsA, sU. 16 kI TIkA /

Page #101
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA hI devadatta pitA, putra, cAcA, bhAI, pati, mAmA, nAnA Adi hotA hai arthAt vibhinna dRSTiyoM se dekhane para eka hI jIva tattva yA eka hI devadatta aneka rUpoM meM dikhAyI detA hai| paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle bhI ye sabhI dharma apekSA bheda se pratyeka vastu meM yathArtha rUpa meM rahate haiM, unameM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hotA, jaise eka hI devadatta meM pitA kI apekSA se putratva, putra kI apekSA se pitatva, patnI kI apekSA se patitva Adi ke dharma vidyamAna hote haiM vaise hI jIva tattva meM bhI dravya dRSTi se nityatva aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anityatva tathA svabhAva kI apekSA se sattva aura parabhAva kI apekSA se asattva ke dharma vidyamAna rahate haiN| syAdvAda siddhAnta vastu meM vidyamAna ina ananta dharmoM ko apanI viziSTa yuktipUrNa praNAlI se pratipAdita karatA hai|' __ isa prakAra jaba pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka siddha hotI hai taba usake sambandha meM kisI eka guNa-dharma kA sarvathA vidhAna karake usake virodhI guNa-dharma kA sarvathA niSedha kara denA ekAntika prakathana hai aura aisA ekAntika prakathana asatya kA pratipAdaka hai| syAdvAda pratyeka padArtha meM bhinnabhinna apekSA se bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ko svIkAra karatA hai aura una svIkRta dharmoM kA sApekSa rUpa se hI kathana karatA hai; yahI usakA uddezya hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki "syAt arthAt kathaMcit yA vivakSita prakAra se anekAnta rUpa se vadanA, vAda karanA, jalpa karanA, kahanA, pratipAdana karanA syAdvAda hai|" vastutaH syAdvAda kA phalitArtha hai anekAnta pratirUpaka bhASAyI paddhati / ataeva anekAntavAda isI syAdvAda paddhati se prarUpita hotA hai| DaoN0 mahendra kumAra ne kahA hai ki "syAdvAda" bhASA kI nirdoSa praNAlI hai jo vastutattva kA pratipAdana karatI hai| isameM lagA huA "syAt" zabda pratyeka vAkya ke sApekSa hone kI sUcanA detA hai / "syAt asti" vAkya meM "asti" pada vastu ke astitva dharma kA mukhya rUpa se pratipAdana karatA hai to "syAt' zabda usameM rahane vAle nAstitva Adi zeSa ananta dharmoM kA 1. saMpUrNArtha vinizcAyi syAdvAdazrutamucyate / -nyAyAvatAra, kA0 30 / 2. sa0 sA0/tA0 vR0 syAdvAda adhikAra/513/17 syAtkathaMcita vivakSitaprakAreNAnekAntarUpeNa vadanaM vAdo jalpaH kathanaM pratipAdana miti syAdvAdaH / -jainendra siddhAnta koza, bhAga 4, pR0 498 /

Page #102
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 55 sadbhAva batAtA hai ki "vastu asti" mAtra hI nahIM hai, usameM gauNa rUpa se nAstitva Adi dharma bhI vidyamAna haiN|' syAdvAda ke isI Azaya kA vivecana karate hue DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne kahA hai ki vaha eka aisA siddhAMta hai, jo vastutattva kA vividha pahaluoM yA vividha AyAmoM se vizleSaNa karatA hai aura apane una vizleSita vividha nirNayoM ko isa prakAra kI bhASA meM prastuta karatA hai ki ve apane pakSa kI sthApanA karate hue bhI vastutatva meM nihita anya "anukta" anekAneka dharmoM evaM sambhAvanAoM (paryAyoM) kA niSedha na kreN| vastutaH syAdvAda hamAre nirNayoM evaM tadanita kathanoM ko prastuta karane kA eka nirdoSa evaM ahiMsaka tarIkA hai| avirodhapUrvaka kathana kI eka zailI hai| usakA pratyeka bhaMga anekAntika DhaMga se ekAntika kathana karatA hai, jisameM vaktA apanI bAta isa DhaMga se kahatA hai ki usakA vaha kathana apane pratipakSI kA pUrNa niSedhaka na bane / 2 sArAMza yaha hai ki syAdvAda eka aisI bhASAyI paddhati hai jo vastuoM meM nihita ananta dharmoM ke kathana meM prayukta hone vAlI bhASA zailo ko susambaddha, suniyojita evaM anuzAsita banAtI hai jisase vaha vibhinna mata-matAntaroM meM upasthita virodhoM kA zamana evaM samanvaya karate hue sApekSika kathana karane meM samartha ho sake / saMkSepa meM, yahI syAdvAda kA artha hai / yaha syAdvAda "syAt" aura "vAda" ina do zabdoM ke saMyoga se niSpanna hai| 'syAt" kA artha hai apekSA vizeSa athavA sApekSika dRSTikoNa aura "vAda" kA artha hai vadanA, vAda karanA yA prbhaavnaa| isa prakAra syAdvAda kA artha hogA "syAt" pUrvaka vAda karanA yA sApekSika pratipAdana karanA / jaina darzana ke anusAra kathana satya vahI hotA hai jo sApekSa ho / usa sApekSatA kA sUcana syAt pada karatA hai| isIlie jana-darzana pratyeka kathana (jaise saptabhaMgI meM) ke pUrva "syAt" pada jor3atA hai| kintu jaina-darzana ke isa "syAt" pada ke sandarbha meM aneka prakAra kI bhrAntiyA~ pracalita haiM jisake kAraNa syAdvAda ko hI dUSita samajhA jAtA hai / vastutaH isa 'syAt' pada ke sandarbha meM yahAM vistRta vivecana kI apekSA hai jise hama Age prastuta kara rahe haiN| 1. jaina-darzana, pR0 361-62 / 2. jaina-darzana aura saMskRti-Adhunika saMdarbha meM, pR0 57 /

Page #103
56 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA "syAt" zabda kA vyutpattigata artha saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka bhaMga ke prArambha meM prayukta "syAt" zabda saMskRta sAhitya ke asa dhAtu, vidhiliGga kA eka kriyApada rUpa bhI hai| saMskRta bhASA meM isakA prayoga kahIM vidhiliGga kI kriyA ke rUpa meM to kahIM prazna ke rUpa meM to kahIM prakathana kI anizcayAtmakatA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie hotA hai| isa AdhAra para hindI bhASA meM isakA artha "zAyada", "ho sakatA hai", "saMbhavataH", "kadAcit" aura aMgrejI bhASA meM Probable, May be, Perhaps, Somehow Adi hotA hai aura inhIM arthoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda ko saMzayavAda, saMbhavavAda, anizcayavAda Adi samajhane kI bhUla kI jAtI hai| kintu "syAt" zabda kA yaha artha jaina-dArzanikoM ko kabhI bhI abhipreta nahIM rahA hai| durbhAgya yahI hai ki jainetara vicArakoM ne jaina-granthoM ke avalokana ke binA hI paramparAnusAra isakA vyAkaraNasammata artha hI grahaNa kiyA aura usake prAyogika artha para dhyAna nahIM diyA / ___ yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki bhASA meM pratyeka zabda apane vyutpattipa raka yA dhAtvika artha meM ho prayukta ho; yadyapi aneka zabda aise hote haiM jo apane dhAtvika artha meM prayukta kiye jAte haiN| kintu kucha zabda aise bhI hote haiM jinakA prayoga dhAtvika artha meM na hokara prAyogika artha meM hI hotA hai| aura aneka zabdoM ke artha apane prayoga ke daurAna itane badala jAte haiM ki unakA prAyogika artha unake dhAtvika artha se bhinna hotA hai| kucha aise bhI prasaMga hote haiM jahAM kisI zabda vizeSa ko eka pratIkAtmaka artha pradAna kara diyA jAtA hai aura bAda meM usakA prayoga usa pradatta artha ke sandarbha meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne aneka prasaMgoM meM zabdoM ko apane dhAtvika artha se bhinna kisI viziSTa artha meM prayukta kiyA hai jaise dharma zabda kA prayoga dharma-dravya ke viziSTa pAribhASika artha ke sandarbha meM huA haiM / yahA~ dharma zabda kA tAtparya na to "rIlijana' hai na kartavya hai, na vastu ke svAbhAvika guNa-dharma haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, yahA~ dharma zabda kA prayoga apane dhAtvika artha se bhinna viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM huA hai| isI prakAra karma zabda kriyA kA vAcaka na hokara pudgala ke eka viziSTa varga kA vAcaka batAyA gayA hai|

Page #104
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi isI prakAra 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga usake dhAtvika artha meM na karake 'viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne aneka sthAnoM para isa bAta ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki "syAt" zabda se kyA artha abhipreta hai| hameM yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA cAhie ki jainAcAryoM dvArA abhipreta "syAt" zabda kA artha usake dhAtvartha yA vyAkaraNa sammata artha se bilkula bhinna hai aura isIlie unhoMne ise vidhiliGga kA eka kriyApada na mAnakara eka nipAta mAnA hai / yadyapi "syAt" zabda kA dhAtvika artha "ho sakatA hai", "zAyada", "saMbhavataH", "kadAcit" Adi bhI hotA hai; kintu saptabhaMgI meM "syAt" zabda ina arthoM meM prayukta nahIM huA hai / jaina-AcAryoM ne ise nipAta avyaya mAnakara isakA eka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM prayoga kiyA hai| ataH dhAtvika AdhAra para usakA anizcayAtmaka artha lagAnA ucita nahIM hai / tattvArthavArtika meM kahA gayA ki "syAt" zabda liGlakAra kA kriyApada nahIM hai, apitu tiGantapratirUpaka nipAta arthAt kriyAvizeSaNa (avyaya) hai| syAt nipAta bhI anekAnta, saMzaya, sambhavataH, kadAcit Adi aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai, parantu yahA~ para isakA anekAnta-rUpa artha hI grahaNa karanA caahie|' AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI kahA hai ki "syAt" yaha nipAta zabda hai, jo artha ke sAtha sambandhita hone para vAkya meM anekAntatA kA dyotaka aura vivakSita artha kA eka vizeSaNa hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne bhI "syAt" zabda kA artha anekAntatA kA pratipAdaka mAnakara use eka nipAta hI batAyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki "syAt" ekAntatA kA niSedhaka, anekAntatA kA pratipAdaka tathA kayaMcit artha kA dyotaka eka nipAta zabda hai| 1. sa ca tiGanta pratirUpako nipAtaH / tasyAnekAnta vidhivicArAdiSu bahuvartheSu sambhavatsu iha vivakSAvazAt anekAntA'rtho gRhyate / __ --tattvArthavArtika pR0253 / 2. vAkyeSvanekAMtadyotI gamyaM prati vizeSaNam / syAnnipAto'rthayogitvAttava kevalinAmapi // ---AptamImAMsA, kA0 103 / 3. atra (saptabhaMgyAM) sarvathAtvaniSedhako'naikAntikodyotakaH kathaMcidarthe sthAcchabdo nipAtaH / --paMcAstikAya-gAthA 14 kI TIkA pR0 30

Page #105
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki jainAcArya " syAt " zabda ke anya anizcayAtmaka arthoM se bhI avagata the aura isa sambandha meM bhI sAvadhAna the ki anya loga isake anizcayAtmaka arthoM ko grahaNa kara sakate haiM / isIlie unhoMne isa bAta ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA ki hama " syAt " zabda ko anekAnta-sUcaka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM prayoga karate haiM aura isako isI artha meM grahaNa karanA cAhie anya artha meM nahIM / unake isa spaSTIkaraNa ke bAvajUda bhI use anya anizcayAtmaka arthoM meM grahaNa karanA ucita nahIM hogA / 58 AcArya malliSeNa ne likhA hai ki "syAdvAda" meM " syAt " eka avyaya hai jo ekAnta kA nirAkaraNa kara anekAnta kA pratipAdana karatA hai / ' aSTasahasrI meM syAt zabda ko anekAnta kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki " syAt " nipAta anekAnta kA sUcaka hai, kyoMki jaba vAkya ke sAtha syAt nipAta ko sambaddha kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha prakRta artha kA pUrNatayA sUcana karatA hai, kyoMki nipAta prAyaH aise hI svabhAva vAle hote haiM / " dyotakAzca bhavanti nipAtAH " isa kathana se bhI yahI bAta parilakSita hotI hai / " syAt " nipAta kevala anekAntatA kA dyotaka hI nahIM hotA; apitu vivakSita artha kA vAcaka bhI hotA hai / ataeva " syAt" zabda saMzayAdi kA sUcaka na hokara nizcayAtmaka jJAna kA hI dyotaka hai / svAmI samantabhadra, bhaTTa akalaMka, pUjyapAda, amRtacandra evaM malliSeNa Adi sabhI AcAryoM ne isa bAta ko spaSTa kiyA hai| vastutaH vaha anekAnta bhI hai aura ekAnta bhI hai / vivakSita ke sAtha hI avivakSita arthoM kA dyotaka hone se vaha anekAntarUpa hai aura apekSA vizeSa se vivakSita artha kA vAcaka hone se vaha ekAntarUpa bhI hai / 1. syAdityavyayamanekAntadyotakaM tataH syAdvAdaH / syAdvAdamaMjarI zlo0 25 kI TIkA. 2. ( a ) " tatra kvacitprayujyamAnaH syAcchandastadvizeSaNatayA prakRtArthatattvamavayavena sUcayati, prAyazo nipAtAnAM tatsvabhAvatvAt / " aSTasahasrI, (nirNayasAgara presa) pR0 286. (ba) " syAdvacanArthasya kathaJcicchabdena pratipAdanAt tenAnekAntasya dyotakena vAcakena vA " / aSTasahasrI, ( nirNayasAgara presa) pR0 127..

Page #106
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi isa prakAra syAt-nipAta eka aisA zabda pratIka hai jo eka ora to vastu ke anekAntAtmaka hone kI sUcanA detA hai aura dUsarI ora vivakSita dharmoM ke prakAzana ke sAtha-sAtha avivakSita dharmoM kI vastu meM upasthiti ko sUcita bhI karatA hai arthAt yaha batalAtA hai ki vivakSita dharma ke atirikta avivakSita dharma bhI vastutattva meM avasthita haiN| DaoN0 mahendra kumAra kA kathana hai ki " syAt " zabda eka aisA praharI hai, jo zabda kI maryAdA ko saMtulita rakhatA hai / vaha saMdeha yA saMbhAvanA ko sUcita nahIM karatA, kintu eka nizcita sthiti ko batAtA hai ki vastu amuka dRSTi se amuka dharmavAlI hai hI / " vastutaH " syAt " zabda sunizcita dRSTikoNa athavA nirNIta apekSA kA sUcaka hai / 2 " syAt " zabda ko "siyA " zabda kA paryAyavAcI mAnakara usake arthaM kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue DaoN0 mahendra kumAra kahate haiM ki prAkRta aura pAlI meM " syAt " kA "siyA" rUpa hotA hai / yaha vastu ke sunizcita bhedoM ke sAtha sadA prayukta hotA rahA hai / jaise "majjhima nikAya" ke " mahArAhulovAdasutta" meM Apo dhAtu kA varNana karate hue likhA gayA hai ki "katamA ca rAhula ApodhAtu ?" "ApodhAtu siyA ajjhattikA siyAvAhirA"ApodhAtu (jala) kitane prakAra kI hai ? ApodhAtu syAt Abhyantara hai. aura syAt bAhya / yahA~ Abhyantara dhAtu ke sAtha "siyA" zabda kA prayoga ApadhAtu ke Abhyantara bheda ke sivA dvitIya bAhya bheda kI sUcanA ke lie hai, aura bAhya ke sAtha "siyA" zabda kA prayoga bAhya ke sivA Abhyantara bheda kI sUcanA detA hai; arthAt ApodhAtu na to (mAtra) bAhya rUpa hI hai aura na ( mAtra ) Abhyantara rUpa hI / isa ubhaya-rUpatA kI sUcanA "siyA"" syAt " zabda detA hai / yahA~ na to " syAt " zabda kA "zAyada " hI artha hai, aura na "saMbhava" aura na " kadAcit " hI; kyoMki ApodhAtu zAyada Abhyantara aura zAyada bAhya nahIM hai aura na saMbhavataH Abhyantara aura saMbhavataH bAhya aura na kadAcit Abhyantara aura bAhya apitu ubhaya 59 1. jaina darzana, pR0 44. 2. "siyA" prAkRta aura pAlI sAhitya kA zabda hai jisakA artha hotA hai"kisI apekSA se" / dekheM - jainAgama zabda saMgraha, pR0 776.

Page #107
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA bhedavAlI hai| isI prakAra "syAt" zabda na to mAtra vastu kI anekAntAtmakatA ko sUcita karatA hai aura na to mAtra kathana hetu apekSita dharma ko hI / apitu vaha vastu kI anekAntAtmakatA ke sAtha hI vivakSita dharma kA sUcana karate hue kathana ko sApekSa evaM nizvayAtmaka banAtA hai| isa prakAra syAt zabda ke nimnalikhita kArya hote haiM : 1. vastu kI anantadharmatA ko sUcita karanA / 2. vastu meM ApekSita dharma kA nirdezana karanA / 3. prakathana ko sApekSa evaM sImita krnaa| 4. ekAntatA kA niSedha krnaa| 5. prakathana ko nizcayAtmaka bnaanaa| syAt zabda ke ina kAryoM kA nirdeza DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne bhI kiyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki yadi hama syAt ko kathana ko anekAntatA kA sUcaka bhI mAneM to yahA~ kathana ko anekAntatA se hamArA tAtparya mAtra itanA hI hogA ki "vaha (syAt) vastutatva (uddezyapada) kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara usake anukta evaM avyakta dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karate hue nizcayAtmaka DhaMga se kisI eka vidheya kA sApekSita rUpa meM kiyA gayA vidhAna yA niSedha hai|" kintu yadi kathana ko anekAntatA se hamArA Azaya hai ki vaha uddezya pada ke saMdarbha meM eka hI sAtha ekAdhika paraspara virodhI vidheyoM kA vidhAna yA niSedha hai athavA kisI eka vidheya kA eka hI sAtha vidhAna aura niSedha donoM ho hai to yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai aura jaina-dArzanikoM ko svIkArya nhiiN| isa prakAra "syAt" zabda kI yojanA ke tona kArya haiM, eka kathana yA tarkavAkya ke uddezya pada kI ananta dharmAtmakatA ko sUcita karanA, dUsarA vidheya ko somita yA vizeSa karanA aura tIsare kathana ko sopAdhika (Conditional) evaM sApekSa (Relative) banAnA hai| isa prakAra upayukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai ki jainaAcAryoM ne kabhI bhA "syAt" zabda kA artha kadAcit, saMbhavataH, zAyada, ho sakatA hai, Adi nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne use eka nizcita artha dene kA 1. jaina-darzana, pR0 45. 2. mahAvIra jayanto smArikA 1977, pR0 1.41.

Page #108
syAhAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi prayatna kiyA hai| syAt zabda saMzaya yA anizcayAtmakatA kA sUcaka hai; yaha kabhI bhI unheM abhipreta nahIM rahA hai| hA~ itanI bAta avazya hai ki jaina-tArkikoM ne syAt zabda ke jina arthoM ko iMgita kiyA thA unameM apekSita spaSTatA nahIM A pAyI thI kyoMki unhoMne svayaM bhI eka hI pratIka "syAt" kA kaI arthoM meM prayoga kiyA thaa| "syAt" zabda ko anekAntatA kA dyotaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha ekAntika prakathana kA niSedhaka tathA vivakSita artha kA sApekSa rUpa se pratipAdaka mAnA gayA thA / yadyapi usakI ina sabhI vizeSatAoM kA spaSTa uralekha prArambha meM to nahIM kiyA gayA kintu apekSAnusAra unheM spaSTa avazya kiyA gayA hai| (1) tatvArthavArtika (akalaMka)-anekAntatA kA sUcaka / (2) aSTasahasrI (akalaMka)-anekAntatA kA sUcaka evaM kathaMcit artha kA pratipAdaka / (3) AptamImAMsA (samantabhadra)-anekAntatA kA dyotaka evaM vivakSita artha kA vishessnn| (4) paMcAstikAyaTIkA (amRtacandra)-anekAntatA kA pratipAdaka, ekAntatA kA niSedhaka tathA kathaMcit artha kA dyotk| (5) syAdvAdamaMjarI (malliSeNa)-ekAntatA kA niSedhaka aura ane kAntatA kA pratipAdaka / "syAt" zabda ko saptabhaMgI meM kyoM prayukta kiyA gayA; isa saMdarbha meM vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina-AcAryoM ke samakSa vastuoM ke yathArtha svarUpa ke jJAna evaM unake abhivyaktIkaraNa sambandhI aneka samasyAe~ thiiN| unhIM samasyAoM ke kAraNa hI jaina-AcAryoM ne pratyeka prakathana ke parimANaka ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| unakI ve sabhI samasyAe~ adholikhita haiM-' (ka) vastuoM kI anantadharmAtmakatA / (kha) mAnavIya jJAna kI apuurnntaa| (ga) bhASAbhivyakti kI sImitatA evaM sApekSatA / (ka) vastuoM ko anantadharmAtmakatA jaina-darzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai-"ananta 1. jaina-darzana aura saMskRti-Adhunika saMdarbha meM, pR0 58.

Page #109
62 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA dharmakaM vastu" / pratyeka vastu meM sattva-asattva, ekatva-anekatva, nityatvaanityatva Adi aneka guNa-dharma apekSA bheda se rahate haiN| eka hI vastu meM jisa samaya dravya-daSTi se sattva-ekattva, nityatva aura sAmAnyatva ke guNadharma haiM usI samaya usameM sva-paryAya-dRSTi se anekatva, anityatva aura vizeSatva tathA para-paryAya kI dRSTi se asattva ke bhI guNa-dharma haiN| jisakI vyAkhyA hamane pichale adhyAya meM kI hai| isa prakAra jaba vastu meM vividha apekSAoM se vividha guNa-dharma haiM to usako jAnane ke lie anekAntika dRSTi apanAnI hogI; aura jaba usako jAnane vAlI daSTi anekAntika hai taba vastu ke ekAMza kA nirUpaNa karane vAlI ekAntika bhASA zailI usake yathArtha svarUpa ke pratipAdana meM kaise samartha ho sakatI hai; jaise eka kalama apekSA bheda se lambI, choTI, moTIpatalI, halkI-bhArI tathA bahuraMga Adi aneka dharmoM kA yugapat AdhAra hai taba yadi yaha kahA jAya ki yaha kalama "lambI hI hai" to isa vAkya se isameM upasthita anya dharmoM kA lopa hI phalita hotA hai| vastutaH binA apekSA ke nirapekSa prakathana dvArA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA pratipAdana kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki (anantadharmAtmaka) bahu-AyAmI jaTila tattva kI vivecanA binA apekSA ke saMbhava nahIM hai|' isIlie prakathana meM kathana kI sApekSatA kA sUcaka "syAt" pada kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| (kha) mAnavIya jJAna ko apUrNatA __ jaina-vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sAdhAraNa mAnava kA jJAna apUrNa evaM somita hai kyoMki aindrika sAmarthya aura tarkabuddhi yA cintana-zakti sImita hai aura inake mAdhyama se pUrNa satya ko jAnane ke usake prayAsa AMzika satya ke jJAna se Age nahIM bar3ha pAte haiN| mAnava jaba apane usI AMzika jJAna ko hI eka mAtra satya mAna letA hai to vaha satya, satya na rahakara asatya ho jAtA hai| parantu uparyukta kathana se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki pUrNa satya ajJeya hai; vaha jJeya hai kintu binA pUrNatA ko prApta kiye use pUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai| AinsTona ne to isase eka kadama 1. "na viveca yituM zakyaM binA'kSAM hi mizritam / ' -abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 4, pR0 1853;

Page #110
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 63 aura Age bar3hakara kahA hai ki "hama kevala sApekSika satya ko jAna sakate haiM, nirapekSa satya ko to koI pUrNa draSTA hI jAna skegaa|"" kyoMki vastutattva mAtra utanA hI nahIM hai jitanA ki hama grahaNa kara pA rahe haiN| hamArI aindrika jJAna, zakti evaM tarkabuddhi itanI sImita evaM apUrNa hai ki vaha vastutattva ko sampUrNa rUpa se grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| yadi kisI prakAra usakA apanI sampUrNatA meM grahaNa bhI ho jAya to bhI vANo ke dvArA usakA sampUrNa rUpa se prakAzana asaMbhava hI hai| vastutaH apane vacanavyApAra ko yathArtha banAne evaM apane aura dUsaroM ke anubhUta tathA ananabhata satyoM kA niSedha na karane ke lie kisI na kisI kathana paddhati kI yojanA karanI hI hogI jo kathana meM aprayojita satyoM kA nirAkaraNa na karate hae apanI bAta ko spaSTa kara skeN| isa kArya ke lie jaina-AcAryoM ne "syAt" zabda ko yojanA kii| (ga) bhASAbhivyakti ko sImitatA evaM sApekSatA jaina-AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM sarvajJa yA pUrNa satya draSTA ke lie bhI jo ki sampUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, usa satya kA nirapekSa prakathana asaMbhava hai; arthAt sampUrNa satya ko jAnanA yadi saMbhava hai to bhI usakA abhivyaktIkaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| usakI abhivyakti kA jaba kabhI bhI koI prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai to vaha sApekSika bana jAtA hai kyoMki bhASA kA koI bhI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo vastu ke pUrNa rUpa ko sparza kara ske| hara eka zabda eka nizcita guNa-dharma ke lie hI prayukta hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vastutattva meM kitane aise bhI dharma haiM jinake prakAzana ke lie bhASA ke pAsa koI zabda nahIM hai; arthAt vastu tattva ke aneka aise dharma haiM jo anukta hI raha jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha-gur3a ko miThAsa, conI kI miThAsa, Ama, amarUda Adi-Adi phaloM kI miThAsa ko mIThA zabda se hI sambodhita karate haiM jabaki hara-eka kI miThAsa eka dUsare se bhinna hai| vastutaH pratyeka viziSTa prakAra kI miThAsa ke prakAzana ke lie bhASA meM bhinna-bhinna zabda hone cAhie kintu aisA hai nhiiN| 1. "We can only know the relative truth, the real truth is known only to the Universal Observer." -Quoted in Jain-Darsana and Sanskriti, p. 62.

Page #111
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA punazca pratyeka vastutattva aneka viruddha dharmaM-yugaloM kA akhaNDa piNDa hai / ina viruddha dharma yugaloM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana asaMbhava hai / unheM kramika rUpa se hI kahA jA sakatA hai / jaba pratyeka prakathana meM vastu ke eka-eka dharma ke hI pratipAdana kI zakti hai to anantadharmAtmaka vastutattva ke samasta dharmoM kA yugapat pratipAdana kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai ? ataH kisI bhI prakathana meM vastu ke aneka dharma anukta raha hI jaayeNge| taba yaha Avazyaka hai ki hamArA prakathana usI samaya vastutattva meM vidyamAna avivakSita zeSa dharmoM kI upasthiti kA niSedhaka nahIM hai, isa bAta ko sUcita karane ke lie prakathana meM kisI pratIka kA prayoga kiyA jAya jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra vaha pratIka " syAt " hai jo eka ora anya avivakSita dharmoM kI upasthiti kA sUcaka hai to dUsarI ora usa apekSA ko spaSTa karatA hai jisake AdhAra para kisI vivakSita guNa-dharma kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra " syAt " zabda kisI eka sunizcita dRSTikoNa se vastu meM upasthita vivakSita dharma ke vidhAna yA niSedha ke sAtha anya avivakSita dharmoM ke astitva ko bhI dyotita karatA hai| sAtha hI usa apekSA ko bhI spaSTa karatA hai jisake AdhAra para prakathana kiyA gayA hai| cUMki bhASA meM koI bhI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo prakathana ke itane bar3e uddezya kI pUrti kara sake | ataH jaina AcAryoM ne " syAt" zabda ke jo ki unake apekSita artha ke nikaTa thA, eka viziSTa artha meM prayukta kara isa uddezya kI pratipUrti kI / " syAt " pada ko ukta viziSTa artha meM prayukta karane kA yahI saMkSipta kAraNa hai / 64 " syAt" zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM vibhinna bhrAntiyA~ evaM unakA nirAkaraNa jaina darzana meM " syAt " zabda hI syAdvAda sambandhI samasta bhrAntiyoM kA mUla hai / isake artha ke saMdarbha meM sambhavataH jitanI bhrAntiyA~ haiM utanI anya kisI zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM nahIM / jisa artha meM jaina- dArzanikoM ne " syAt " zabda kA prayoga syAdvAda meM kiyA thA usa sAMketika artha ko jainetara dArzanikoM ne grahaNa nahIM kiyA / arvAcIna evaM prAcIna sabhI dArzanika " syAt " pada ko saMskRta bhASA kA eka sAmAnya zabda mAnakara usake vyutpattiparaka artha ke Asa-pAsa ghUmate rahe aura syAdvAda ke mUla rahasya se aparicita rahakara usa para taraha-taraha ke AkSepa karate rahe /

Page #112
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 65 arvAcIna bhAratIya cintakoM meM DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya, DaoN0 devarAja aura DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ko bhI yahI bhrAnti huI haiM / isa saMdarbha meM sarvaprathama DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya jI ko hI dekhiye / unhoMne likhA hai - " syAt" ( zAyada, sambhavataH ) zabda ko as dhAtu ke vidhiliG ke tiGanta pratirUpaka avyaya mAnA jAtA hai / ghar3e ke viSaya meM hamArA mata syAdasti sambhavataH yaha vidyamAna hai isI rUpa meM honA cAhie / "" kintu AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya dvArA pradatta " syAt " pada kA yaha artha jaina-granthoM meM kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA / jaina AcAryoM ne sarvatra " syAt " pada ko nipAta hI kahakara paribhASita kiyA hai aura use apekSAbheda kA sUcaka batAyA hai| yadi usakA artha apekSAbheda na karake sambhavataH Adi hI kiyA jAya to usase saMzayAtmakatA kI hI udbhAvanA hotI hai / ataH syAt kA artha saMbhavataH Adi karanA sarvathA anucita aura jaina dRSTikoNa ke viparIta hai / hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiM ki " syAt " nipAta aura nipAta eka nizcita artha vAlA hotA hai nipAta ke lie pradatta yA Aropita artha ke atirikta dUsarA artha asahya hotA hai / ataH usakA prayoga sarvadA aura sarvatra usI pradatta artha meM hI karanA caahie| kintu nipAta ke isa lakSaNa ke viparIta DaoN0 devarAja ne " syAt " nipAta kA artha " kadAcit" kiyA hai / yadyapi unhoMne hindI meM isakA artha " apekSA - vizeSa" hI kiyA hai tathApi isa artha ko koSThaka meM rakhakara mukhyatA " kadAcit " ko hI pradAna kI hai / "kadAcit " kA artha hotA hai kisI samaya / isake isa artha se phalita hotA hai ki vastu meM amuka-amuka dharmaM amuka-amuka samaya meM haiM aura amuka-amuka samaya meM nahIM haiM / jaise syAdastyeva ghaTaH kA artha hogA kisI samaya meM ghaTa meM ghaTatva dharma hai hI / kintu jaina AcAryoM ne vastu meM jina-jina dharmoM kA sadbhAva mAnA hai ve kAla sApekSa nahIM haiM; ve sarvadA vastu meM vidyamAna rahate haiM | vastutaH " syAt " pada kA " kadAcit " artha bhI bhrAmaka aura jainadRSTikoNa ke viparIta hai / yadi isakA yaha artha jaina-granthoM bhI kahIM 1. bhAratIya darzana - pR0 155 / 2. dekhiye- AptamImAMsA 103, paMcAstikAya TIkA, syAdvAdamaJjarI, aSTasahasrI, aSTazatI Adi / 3. " pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana", pR0 94 / 5

Page #113
66 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA upalabdha ho to vaha bhI anucita hI hai kyoMki yaha artha syAdvAda ke sandarbha meM ThIka-ThIka baiThatA nahIM hai / ataH "syAt" pada kA "kadAcit" yaha artha karanA bhI upayukta nahIM hai| DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan bhI "syAt' pada ke uparyukta artha para ho bala dete haiM / unhoMne likhA hai ki "yaha (syAdvAda) samasta jJAna ko kevala sambhAvita rUpa meM hI mAnatA hai| pratyeka sthApanA "sambhava hai", "ho sakatA hai" athavA zAyada ityAdi rUpoM meM hI hamAre sAmane AtI hai| hama kisI bhI padArtha ke viSaya meM nirupAdhika yA nizcita rUpa se svIkRtiparaka athavA niSedhAtmaka kathana nahIM kara sakate / vastuoM ke andara ananta jaTilatA hone ke kAraNa nizcita kucha nahIM hai| (yaha siddhAnta) yathArtha sattA ke atyadhika jaTila evaM anizcita svarUpa ke Upara bala detA hai|' __ yadyapi yaha satya hai ki syAdvAda nirupAdhika akhaNDa satya ko vacanabaddha karane kA dAvA nahIM karatA aura hameM sApekSa satya kI hI dizA meM le jAtA hai| tathApi yaha jJAna ko sambhAvita rUpa meM na mAnakara nizcayAtmaka rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatA hai| yaha sat ke sandarbha meM eka nizcita, vyApaka yA samagra dRSTi lekara calatA hai| jaina-darzana meM saMzaya yA sambhAvyatA athavA anizcayAtmakatA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie hI "syAt" pada ke sAtha "hI" (evakAra) lagAne kI yojanA ko gayo hai| "syAt" anekAntatA kA dyotaka, nizcita apekSA kA sUcaka tathA kathaMcit artha kA pratipAdaka hai| ataH "syAt" pada ko saMbhava, zAyada, ho sakatA hai Adi ina rUpoM meM grahaNa karanA sarvathA anucita hai, aura isa rUpa meM grahaNa karane para syAdvAda meM saMzaya kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai| jabaki syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se pratyeka sthApanA yA prakathana hamAre samakSa nizcita rUpa meM AtA hai sambhava yA zAyada ke rUpa meM nhiiN| isa tathya kI puSTi hamane pichale prakaraNa meM kI hai| ataH "syAt" pada kA artha sambhava hai, ho sakatA hai, zAyada Adi karanA ThIka nahIM hai| ina Adhunika dArzanikoM ke atirikta kucha bhASyakAroM ne bhI "syAt" zabda kA artha jena-AcAryoM ke viparIta kiyA hai| jaise zrI vallabhAcArya ne 1. bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pR0 277 /

Page #114
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi "syAt" zabda ko abhISTa vacana kA dyotaka mAnA hai aura zrI nimbArkAcArya ne use kiMcit artha kA bodhaka kahA hai| isI prakAra zrIkaNThAcArya ne "syAt" pada ko ISat artha vAlA zabda mAnA hai kintu syAt pada ke ina arthoM se syAdvAda kA abhidheya ThIka rUpa meM pratiphalita nahIM hotA hai kyoMki 'syAt" zabda na to mAtra abhISTa vacana kA dyotaka hai aura na to kiMcit artha kA sUcaka aura na ISat artha vAlA hI hai| balki vaha apekSAbheda kA sUcaka tathA vastu kI samagratA kA dyotaka hai| "syAt" zabda kA vAcyArtha hI hai apekssaabhed| isI apekSAbheda se hI vastuoM meM anantadharmatA Adi ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi isa apekSAbheda artha ko chor3akara abhISTa artha hI kiyA jAya to vastu meM anabhISTa dharmoM kI upekSA ho jAyegI aura isI prakAra kiMcit artha mAnane para bhI virodha utpanna hotA hai| kucha hai aura kucha nahIM hai isa prakathana meM sApekSatA kA lopa ho jAtA hai| jabaki jaina-darzana meM "syAt" pada se sApekSa kathana hI abhISTa hai| isI prakAra ISat artha yuktisaMgata nahIM pratIta hotA hai| vastutaH "syAt" pada ke uparyukta artha bhrAntimUlaka hI haiN| __"syAt" zabda yA syAdvAda ke saMdarbha meM isa taraha kI bhrAntiyA~ kyoM utpanna huI ? isa prasaMga meM DaoN. mahendra kumAra jaina kA kathana hai ki "vaidika AcAryoM ne syAdvAda ko galata rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hI thA jisakA saMskAra Aja ke vidvAnoM ke mastiSka meM banA huA hai aura ve usI saMskAra ke vazIbhUta hokara "syAt" zabda kA artha 'zAyada", "saMbhavataH", "kadAcit" Adi karate haiM / 4 DaoN0 jaina kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata hI pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya ne AcArya zaMkara kI vakAlata karate hue likhA hai ki "yaha nizcita hI hai ki isI samanvaya dRSTi se vaha padArthoM ke vibhinna rUpoM kA samIkaraNa karatA jAtA to samagra vizva meM anusyUta paramatattva taka pahu~ca jaataa| isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zaMkarAcArya ne 1. "syAcchabdo'bhISTa vacanaH" / -aNubhASyam, 2:2:33 / 2. zrI nimbArka bhASyam, 2:2:33 / 3. ..."syAcchabda ISadarthaH" / -zrIkaNTha bhASyam, 2:2:33 / 4. jaina-darzana, pR0 396 /

Page #115
68 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa syAdvAda kA mArmika khaNDana apane zArIraka bhASya (2-2-33) meM prabala yuktiyoM ke sahAre kiyA hai|"1 yadyapi DaoN0 upAdhyAya ne zaMkara se itara rahakara syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda ko saMzayavAda nahIM mAnA hai kyoMki unhoMne likhA hai ki "yaha anekAntavAda saMzayavAda kA rUpAntara nahIM hai"2 phira bhI, inake AlocanA ko pravRtti saMzayavAda ke tarapha hI hai, aura vaha AcArya zaMkara ke prabhAva kA pratiphala hai isI prakAra anya dArzanikoM ko bhI samajhAnA caahie| ___ aba prazna yaha hai ki yadi Adhunika dArzanikoM meM vaidika-AcAryoM ke prabhAva se syAdvAda ko galata rUpa meM samajhane kI bhrAnti huI to vaidika AcAryoM ko yaha bhrAnti kyoM huI ? inakA dAyitva kisI sImA taka jainaAcAryoM para hI AtA hai / vastutaH syAdvAda kI vyAkhyA meM bhASA sambandhI kucha aspaSTatA rahI hai jisake kAraNa vaidika AcArya bhramita hue| jainaAcAryoM ke syAdvAda sambandhI prakathanoM meM usa aspaSTatA ke kAraNa unake abhivyaktIkaraNa meM hI virodha pratIta hone lagA aura usa virodha kI pratIti brahmasUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa ko huI aura unhoMne "naikasminnasambhavAt" kahakara usakI AlocanA kI / bAdarAyaNa ke isI sUtra para zrI zaMkarAcArya ne bhASya likhA aura syAdvAda ko saMzaya doSa se yukta btaayaa| usa saMzaya doSa kI siddhi ke lie Adhunika AcAryoM ne syAt zabda kA vyatpattiparaka artha prastuta kiyA / yadi sarvaprathama jaina-AcAryoM ne hI isa sambandha meM satarkatA baratI hotI to zAyada isa taraha kI bhrAntiyA~ utpanna na haI hotii| jainavicArakoM ke abhivyaktIkaraNa meM mujhe adholikhita truTiyA~ pratIta hotI haiM(a) saptabhaMgI ke prathanoM meM syAdasti, syAnnAsti kahakara vastu kA ho vidhAna aura niSedha krnaa| (ba) pratyeka vastu ko na kevala sarva dharmAzrayI apitu virodhI dharma yugalA zrayI siddha krnaa| (sa) pratyeka bhaMga ke uddezya aura vidheya ko pUrNatayA spaSTa na krnaa| (da) pratyeka bhaMga ko eka nizcita mUlya na de paanaa| (ya) eka hI pratIka rUpa "syAt' pada ko aneka arthoM kA dyotaka batAnA / 1. bhAratIya-darzana, pR0 175 / 2. vahI, pR. 174 /

Page #116
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi (a) saptabhaMgoM meM vastu kA hI vidhAna aura niSedha karanA jaina AcAryoM ne apane prakathanoM meM vastu ke guNadharma ke sthAna para vastu kA hI vidhAna yA niSedha kara diyA hai| yahI paravartI bhrAntiyoM kA sabase bar3A kAraNa hai| kyoMki ghaTa hai aura ghaTa nahIM hai aisA kahanA virodhAtmaka hai| jo vastu hamAre samakSa prastuta hai usI kA niSedha karanA kaise sambhava hai ? yadyapi jaina AcAryoM kA Azaya vastu kA hI vidhAna yA niSedha karanA nahIM thA balki unakA Azaya vastu ke guNa-dharmoM ke vidhAna yA niSedha se hI thaa| jaise 'syAdastyeva ghaTaH' meM ghaTa vastu kA vidhAna nahIM hai| ghaTa kA astitva to hai hii| usa kathana meM kevala ghaTa ke ghaTatva dharma kA vidhAna hai| vastutaH isa prakathana meM kevala yahI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki sva-catuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa meM ghaTatva dharma hai| kintu isa tathya ko jainaAcAryoM ne prArambha meM spaSTa nahIM kiyA thaa| jisake kAraNa unake kathana meM jainetara dArzanikoM ko virodha pratIta hone lagA aura usa sambandha meM taraha-taraha kI bhrAntiyA~ utpanna ho gyiiN| isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne apane lekha ("saptabhaMgI, pratIkAtmaka aura trimUlyAtmaka, tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM"') meM bar3e acche DhaMga se kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki isake prastutIkaraNa kA yaha DhaMga thor3A bhrAntijanaka avazya hai, sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para aisA lagatA hai ki prathama bhaMga meM ghaTa ke astitva kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA thA, usI kA dvitIya bhaMga meM niSedha kara diyA gayA hai aura aisI sthiti meM syAdvAda ko sandehavAda yA Atma-virodhI kathana karane vAlA siddhAnta samajha lene kI bhrAnti ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai| zaMkara prabhati vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda kI jo AlocanA kI thI, unakA mukhya AdhAra yahI bhrAnti hai| 'syAt asti ghaTaH aura syAt nAsti ghaTa:' meM jaba syAt zabda ko dRSTi se ojhala kara yA use sambhAvanA ke artha meM grahaNa kara "asti" aura "nAsti" para bala diyA jAtA hai to Atma virodha kA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai| pUnaH, jaina-AcAryoM ke lakSya ko spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki yadi dvitIya bhaMga ke kathana ko usI apekSA se prathama bhaMga kA niSedhaka yA virodhI mAna liyA jAyegA to nizcaya hI yaha siddhAnta saMzayavAda yA 1. dekhiye-mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977, pR0 1-45 /

Page #117
jena tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA Atma virodha ke doSoM se grasta ho jAyegA, kintu aisA nahIM hai / yadi prathama bhaMga meM syAdastyeva ghaTaH kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A hai aura dvitIya bhaMga meM "syAnnAstyeva ghaTaH " kA artha kisI apekSA se ghar3A nahIM hai aisA kareMge to AbhAsI rUpa se aisA lagegA ki donoM kathana virodhI haiM, kyoMki ina kathanoM ke bhASAyI svarUpa se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki ina kathanoM meM ghaTa ke astitva aura nAstitva ko ho sUcita kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM ina kathanoM kA bala unameM prayukta " syAt " zabda meM hI hai, ve yaha nahIM mAnate haiM ki dvitIya bhaMga prathama bhaMga meM sthApita satya kA pratiSedha karatA hai / donoM bhaMgoM meM ghaTa ke sambandha meM jinakA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai ve apekSAzrita dharma haiM na ki ghaTa svayaM kA astitva yA nAstitva / punaH, donoM bhaMgoM ke " apekSAzrita dharma" eka nahIM haiM, bhinna-bhinna haiM / prathama bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita dharmoM kA vidhAna hai, ve anya arthAt svacatuSTaya ke haiM aura dvitIya bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita dharmoM kA niSedha huA hai ve dUsare arthAt para catuSTaya ke haiM / ' vastutaH unameM koI virodha nahIM hai / 70 (ba) pratyeka vastu ko sarvadharmAzrayI ke sAtha hI viruddha dharma yugalAzrayI siddha karanA jaina AcAryoM ne vastuoM kI anantadharmatA ke samarthana meM pratyeka vastu ko sarva viruddha dharmAzrayI batAyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki "anekAnta svabhAvavAlI hone se saba vastue~ anekAntAtmaka haiM / jo vastu tat hai vahI atat hai jo eka hai vahI aneka hai, jo sat hai vahI asat hai, jo nitya hai vahI anitya hai - isa prakAra eka vastu meM vastutattva kI paraspara viruddha do zaktiyoM kA prakAzita honA anekAnta hai / kintu yahA~ kaThinAI yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu meM sabhI virodhI dharmaM yugaloM ko Aropita karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki cetana-acetana, bhavyatva - abhavyatva dharmaM bhI virodhI dharmaM yugala haiM aura ye virodhI dharmaM yugala eka sAtha eka vastu meM nahIM raha sakate / jisameM cetanA kA atyanta abhAva hai usameM cetanA kA sadbhAva kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai / isI prakAra jo cetana hai 1. draSTavya - mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977, pR0 1-46 / 2. samayasAra, gA0 247 kI TIkA /

Page #118
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi use acetana kaise kahA jA sakatA hai| kama se kama AtmA yA jova, jo caitanya svarUpa hai use acetana to nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki jIva meM acetanA kA atyanta abhAva hai / ataH jIva ko cetana-acetana donoM kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| isI prakAra bhavyatva aura abhavyatva dharma ko bhI eka AtmAzrayI siddha karanA virodhapUrNa hai| inhIM virodhoM ke kAraNa prAcInaAcAryoM meM bhrAntiyA~ utpanna huI thiiN| kintu yahA~ bhI jaina-AcAryoM kA Azaya aisA nahIM thaa| unhoMne sabhI virodhI dharmoM ko sabhI vastuoM meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| vizeSa rUpa se cetana-acetana jaise virodhI dharma yugaloM ko AtmA Adi meM to nahIM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| kyoMki dhavalA meM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "kauna aisA kahatA hai ki paraspara virodhI aura avirodhI samasta dharmoM kA eka sAtha eka AtmA meM rahanA sambhava hai ? yadi sampUrNa dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA mAna liyA jAye to paraspara viruddha caitanya-acaitanya, bhavyatva-abhavyatva Adi dharmoM kA eka sAtha AtmA meM rahane kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| isalie sampUrNa paraspara virodhI dharma eka sAtha AtmA meM rahate haiM, anekAnta kA yaha artha nahIM samajhanA cAhie / kintu jina dharmoM kA jisa AtmA meM atyanta abhAva nahIM, ve dharma usa AtmA meM kisI kAla aura kisI kSetra kI apekSA se yugapatataH bhI pAye jA sakate haiM, aisA hama mAnate haiN|' kucha AcAryoM ko astitva aura nAstitva dharma yugala meM bhI virodha pratIta hotA hai / kintu ise yahA~ isa prakAra samajhanA cAhiye ki astitva dharma se jaina-AcAryoM kA Azaya svacatuSTaya se vastu meM sva sattAka dharmoM kI sattA hai aura nAstitva yA paracatuSTaya se vastu meM para sattAka dharmoM kA abhAva hai| jaise svacatuSTaya se kursI meM kusitva kA sadbhAva hai yaha astitva kA sUcaka hai, aura paracatuSTaya se kursI meM mejatva kA abhAva hai yaha nAstitva kA sUcaka hai| ataH isa prakAra samajhane se inameM bhI koI virodha nahIM AtA hai| isI prakAra anya dharma yugaloM ko bhI samajhanA caahie| (sa) pratyeka bhaMga ke uddezya aura vidheya ko pUrNatayA spaSTa na karanA ___ saptabhaMgI meM pratyeka bhaMga kA kyA uddezya hai aura kyA vidheya hai| usake 1. (a) dhavalA, pu0 1, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, sUtra 11, pR0 167 / (ba) jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1, pR0 113 /

Page #119
72 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA dvArA kisakA kathana kiyA jA rahA hai ghaTa yA ghaTa-dharma kA ? isakA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM huA thaa| isa aspaSTatA ke kAraNa bhI AcAryoM meM bhrAntiyAM utpanna huI thiiN| (da) pratyeka bhaMga ko eka nizcita mUlya na pradAna karanA saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaMgoM ke mUlyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM kiyA gayA thA ki usake alaga-alaga bhaMgoM ke dvArA pRthaka-pRthaka kauna-kauna sA nayA jJAna prApta hotA hai| pratyeka bhaMga kA alaga-alaga kyA mUlya hai| unake alaga-alaga kyA prayojana haiN| isa tathya kI aspaSTatA bhI usake saMdarbha meM bhrAnti utpanna hone kA eka kAraNa hai / (ya) "syAt" pada ko anekArthaka mAnanA jaina-AcAryoM ne apane pratyeka kathana ke parimANaka ke rUpa meM "syAt" pada ko prastuta kiyA hai| cAhe vahA~ eka dharma kA kathana karanA ho yA aneka dharma kA, svIkArAtmaka kathana ho yA niSedhAtmaka, yahA~ taka ki apekSA badalane ke bAda bhI parimANaka ke rUpa meM eka hI pratIka kA prayoga sarvatra kiyA gayA hai | kintu pratIka rUpa meM "syAt" pada ko kahA~-kahA~ aura kina-kina arthoM meM aura kina-kina apekSAoM ke sUcana hetu prayukta kiyA jAyegA isakA spaSTa ullekha unhoMne nahIM kiyA thaa| ataH eka nizcita artha aura eka nizcita sImA ke abhAva meM bhI "syAt" pada ke aneka artha hone lage; jisake kAraNa saptabhaMgI meM vibhinna prakAra kA doSa utpanna huaa| vastutaH ina kamiyoM para yadi jaina-AcAryoM ne pahale hI dhyAna diyA hotA to nizcaya hI isameM kisI prakAra kA saMzaya Adi doSa utpanna na huA hotaa| "syAt" pada kA vAstavika artha hamane uparyakta vivecana meM dekhA ki samantabhadra, akalaMka, amatacandra, malliSeNa Adi sabhI jaina AcAryoM ne "syAt" zabda ko anekAntatA kA dyotaka, vivakSA yA apekSA kA sUcaka, kathaMcit artha kA pratipAdaka mAnA hai na ki saMzayaparaka yA anizcayAtmaka artha kA dyotaka yA prtipaadk| isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM ko 'syAt" zabda kA artha saMdeha, saMbhavataH, saMzayAdi kabhI bhI abhipreta nahIM rahA hai| yadyapi

Page #120
syAhAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 73 unheM yaha AzaMkA thI ki kahIM "syAdvAda" ko saMzayavAda-saMbhavavAda, anizcayavAda Adi ke artha meM grahaNa nahIM kara liyA jaaye| isI AzaMkA se bacane evaM prakathana ko nizcayAtmaka banAne kI dRSTi se unhoMne pratyeka prakathana meM 'syAt' ke sAtha "evakAra" (hI) ke prayoga kA prAvidhAna kiyA (jaise syAdastyevaghaTa:); aura yaha spaSTa bhI kiyA ki "evakAra" (ho) yaha dyotita karatA hai ki jisa apekSA se vastu meM amuka dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai usa apekSA se vaha vaisI hI hai"usameM kiso prakAra ke saMdeha Adi kA avakAza nahIM hai| "evakAra" (hI) kA prayoga kisI durAgraha ko prakaTa karane ke lie na hokara yaha spaSTa karane ke lie hotA hai ki vastu tattva ke bAre meM jo kucha kathana kiyA gayA hai, vaha usa apekSA se pUrNataH satya hai, usa dRSTikoNa yA apekSA se vastu vaiso hI hai anya rUpa nhiiN| isa prakAra "evakAra" (hI) apane vivakSita viSaya ke saMdarbha meM zaMkAoM kA nirAkaraNa karake use dRr3hatA pradAna karatA hai / zlokavArtika meM "evakAra" (hI) ke prayoga ke vidhAna kA Azaya spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "vAkyoM meM 'hI' kA prayoga aniSTa artha kI nivRtti aura dRr3hatA ke lie karanA hI cAhie, anyathA kahIM-kahIM vaha vAkya nahIM kahA gayA sarIkhA samajhA jAtA hai|"' yuktyanuzAsana meM svAmI samantabhadra ne "evakAra" (hI) ke isI bhAva ko abhivyakta karate hue kahA hai ki "jo pada evakAra se upahita hai (arthAt avadhAraNArthaka "eva" nAma ke nipAta se viziSTa hai, jaise "jova eva") vaha avivakSita artha se vivakSita artha ko alaga karatA hai arthAt avivakSita artha kA vyavacchedaka hai| vaha saba vivakSita paryAyoM, sAmAnyoM aura vizeSoM ko avivakSita paryAyoM, sAmAnyoM aura vizeSoM se alaga karatA hai anyathA usa eka pada se hI una avivakSitoM kA bhI bodha ho jAyegA aura isase padArtha kI bhI hAni usI prakAra Thaharato hai jisa prakAra ki virodhI kI hAni hotI hai| 1. vAkyevadhAraNaM tAvadaniSTArtha nivRttaye / kartavyamanyathAnukta samatvAttasya kutracit / / zlokavArtika, 1:6:53 / 2. yadevakAropahitaM padaM tad-asvArthataH svArthamavacchinatti / paryAya-sAmAnya-vizeSa-sarvaM padArthahAnizca virodhivatsyAt // yuktyanuzAsana, kA. 41 /

Page #121
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA arthAt vivakSita aura avivakSita arthoM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke binA padArtha ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hogA / punazca unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki " evakAra" (hI) ke abhAva meM ukta vAkya bhI anuktatulya ho jAtA hai / yathAhi "jo pada evakAra se rahita hai vaha anuktatulya hai / ' 74 yadyapi yahA~ " eva" zabda kA yaha prayoga anekAntika sAmAnya vAkya ko samyak ekAntika vizeSa vAkya ke rUpa meM pariNata kara detA hai kintu yadi vAkya meM " eva" kA prayoga na kiyA jAya to usa prakathana meM nizcayAtmakatA kA abhAva to rahatA hI hai / sAtha hI vaha tad- virodhI prakathana kA vyavacchedaka bhI nahIM bana sakatA hai / udAharaNArtha - " syAdastighaTaH " arthAt kisI apekSA se isameM ghaTatvadharma hai / isa vAkya meM evakAra nahIM hai aura " asti" pada ke sAtha avadhAraNArthaka 'eva' zabda ke na hone se 'nAstitva' kA vyavaccheda nahIM banatA aura nAstitva kA vyavaccheda na bana sakane se usameM paTatva Adi nahIM hai isakA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM ho pAtA / vastutaH nAstitva Adi ke vyavaccheda ke lie " eva" kA prayukta honA Ava zyaka hai / isa prakAra " syAt " pada ke sAtha " eva" zabda ke A jAne se prakathana meM nizcayAtmakatA A jAtI hai aura "eva" zabda ke sAtha " syAt" kA prayoga karane se " syAt " zabda tadvirodhI prakathana kA vyavacchedaka bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra " syAt " pada ke adholikhita kAryaM hote haiM 1. vastu kI anantadharmatA ko sUcita karanA / meM apekSita dharma kA nirdezana karanA / 2. vastu 3. prakathana ko sApekSa evaM sImita banAnA / 4. ekAntatA kA niSedha karanA / aura 5. " eva" se yojita hokara prakathana ko nizcayAtmaka banAnA aura tadvirodhI prakathana kA vyavaccheda karanA / 1. anukta-tulyaM yadanevakAraM vyAvRtyabhAvAnniyamadvaye'pi / paryAya-bhAve'nyatara prayogastatsarvamanyacyutamAtma hInam // yuktyanuzAsana, kA0 42 /

Page #122
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 1 - anantadharmatA kA dyotaka " syAt " zabda kA vastu kI anantadharmatA kA dyotaka hone kA Azaya hai ki vaha vastutattva jisake saMdarbha meM kisI guNadharmaM ( vidheya) kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA jA rahA hai, anantadharmAtmaka hai / jaise " syAt astyeva ghaTaH " tarkavAkya meM " asti" pada uddezya ghaTa ke "astitva" dharma kA vAcaka hai to " syAt " pada usakI anekAntatA kA dyotana karatA hai arthAt vaha usa samaya uddezya ke astitva dharma se bhinna zeSa anya dharmoM kA bhI pratinidhitva karatA hai / 75. 2 - vastu meM kathya dharma kI sApekSatA kA sUcaka " syAt " zabda vastu ke kathya dharma kI sApekSa sattA yA avasthiti kA sUcaka hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu ke jisa dharma ko hama prakathana kA vidheya banA rahe haiM vaha dharma usa vastutattva arthAt prakathana ke uddezya pada meM sApekSatayA avasthita hai / 3- prakathana ko sApekSa evaM somita banAnA " syAt " zabda kA tIsarA kAryaM prakathana ko sApekSa evaM sImita banAnA hai / vaha yaha batAtA hai ki uddezya ke sambandha meM jisa vidheya kA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA gayA hai vaha apekSAzrita hI hai nirapekSataH nahIM / isake sAtha hI " syAt " pada yaha bhI spaSTa karatA hai ki prakathana meM uddezya ke kevala eka hI vidheya (dharma) kI abhivyaMjanA kI gayI hai usameM avasthita sabhI bhAvAtmaka-abhAvAtmaka vidheyoM (dharmoM) ko nahIM / jaise "syAdastyeva ghaTa: " meM ghaTa ke mAtra astitva dharma kI abhivyaMjanA kI gayI hai; vaha bhI mAtra dravyadRSTi se paryAya Adi dRSTiyoM se nhiiN| isa prakAra " syAt " prakathana kI sApekSatA evaM sImitatA kA bhI vAcaka hai / 4- ekAntatA kA niSedhaka jaina-darzana ke anusAra ekAntika kathana asatya hote haiM aura sApekSika kathana satya / isIlie jaina darzana sabhI bhaMgoM ke pUrva "syAt " pada jor3atA hai / vastutaH saptabhaMgI kA yaha " syAt " pada ekAntika kathanoM kA niSedha bhI karatA hai arthAt yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki ukta kathana ekAntika nahIM hai, vaha anekAntika athavA sApekSa hai / kathana meM " syAt " pada ke prayukta hone se kahe

Page #123
76 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA gaye dharmoM ke sAtha hI sAtha anukta dharmoM kI upekSA nahIM hotI hai| vastutaH usase yaha sUcana hotA hai ki vastu meM vivakSita dharma ke atirikta avivakSita dharma bhI haiN| hama unako avahelanA nahIM kara sakate haiN| 5-"eva" se yojita hokara prakathana ko nizcayAtmaka banAnA aura tadvirodhI prakathana kA vyavaccheda karanA prakathana meM abhivyaMjita apekSita guNa-dharma apekSA vizeSa se vastutattva meM haiM hI; isakA vinizcaya eva pada yakta "syAt" zabda ke dvArA hotA hai| eva pada se yukta "syAt" zabda prakathana ko nizvayAtmaka banAkara usI apekSA se usake virodhI prakathana kI satyatA kA pratiSedha karatA hai / jaise dravya kI apekSA se AtmA nitya ho hai| isa prakathana meM apekSAyukta "hI" pada se nityatva dharma kA vinizcaya to hotA hI hai parantu usake sAtha hI anityatva dharma kA pratiSedha bhI ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra "syAt" zabda eka nipAta ke rUpa meM saptabhaMgI meM jo yogadAna detA hai vaha usake vyutpattimUlaka artha se bhinna hai| vastutaH vaha uparyukta bAtoM kA eka pratIka hai| ataH jaina-darzana meM "syAt" zabda kA prayoga eka viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM hI haA hai aura vahI usakA vAstavika artha hai saMzaya, saMbhavataH, anizcaya Adi nahIM / anekAntavAda aura syAvAda kA sambandha __ jaina-dArzanikoM ne aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| usameM anantaguNa, anantadharma aura anantaparyAyeM apekSA bheda se sadaiva vidyamAna rahatI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, pratyeka vastu na kevala ananta guNa-dharmoM se yukta hai apitu paraspara viruddha pratIta hone vAle virodho dharma yagala bhI usameM aviruddha bhAva se vidyamAna rahate haiN| ataeva pratyeka vastu ko eka, aneka, nitya-anitya, sat-asat, sAdi-sAnta, Adi kahA jA sakatA hai| vastu meM sat pakSa (bhAva pakSa) tathA asat pakSa (abhAva pakSa) donoM hai| vaha sAmAnya bhI hai aura vizeSa bhii| vaha sthAyI bhI hai aura kSaNika bhii| vaha eka bho hai aura aneka bhii| yadi hama vastu ko dravya dRSTi se dekhate haiM to vaha sAmAnya, sthAyI, eka rUpa aura aparivartanazIla (apariNAmI) pratIta hotI hai; kintu yadi hama use paryAyoM kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM to vahI vizeSa, kSagika, aneka aura parivartanazIla

Page #124
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 77 (pariNAmI) pratIta hotI hai| isIlie pratyeka vastu ko anekAntAtmaka kahA jAtA hai aura vastu kI usa anekAntAtmakatA kA.pratipAdana anekAntavAda karatA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra anekAntAtmaka vastu ke sambandha meM hamAre sabhI parAmarza ( Judgement ) Avazyaka rUpa se sApekSa tathA sImita hote haiM / hama apanI sImita jJAna evaM abhivyakti sAmarthya ke kAraNa usake yathArtha svarUpa ke avalokana evaM kathana karane meM asamartha rahate haiN| hama usake aneka dharmoM meM se kucha hI dharmoM ko grahaNa kara pAte yA kaha pAte haiM / jaba hama kisI eka vivakSA se hI vastu ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiM taba nizcaya hI usake samagra svarUpa kI avahelanA hotI hai| isI saccAI ko na jAnane ke kAraNa hI sAtoM andhe hAthI ke yathArtha svarUpa ke vivecana meM asamartha rahe / jisakA yathArtha nirUpaNa syAdvAda karatA hai| jaina-AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki pratyeka vastu aneka dharmavatI hai| vastu meM sat pakSa, asat pakSa, nitya pakSa, anitya pakSa Adi sabhI pakSa vidyamAna haiN| unameM kisI apekSA se sat pakSa hai to kisI apekSA se asat pakSa hai, kisI apekSA se nitya pakSa hai to kisI apekSA se anitya pakSa hai| ataH sarvathA sat, sarvathA asat, sarvathA nitya, sarvathA anitya Adi ekAntoM kA nirasana karake vastu kA kathaMcit sat, kathaMcit asat, kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit anitya Adi pakSa yukta honA anekAnta hai aura vastu ke usa anekAntAtmaka artha ke kathana karane kI paddhati kA nAma syAdvAda hai|' svAmI samantabhadra ne bhI kahA hai ki "syAdvAda vaha siddhAnta hai jo sadA ekAnta ko asvIkAra kara anekAnta ko grahaNa karatA hai| "anekAntavAda" vastuoM meM avasthita vibhinna dharmoM kA sUcaka hai aura syAdvAda unako abhivyakta karane kI bhASAyI paddhati hai| vastutaH anekAntavAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti kA rUpa hI syAdvAda hai| vastuoM meM sthita ananta dharma syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se hI mukharita hote haiN| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda meM vAcya-vAcaka 1. "anekAntAtmakArtha kathanaM syAdvAdaH" laghIyastraya TIkA, zlo0 62 / 2. AptamImAMsA, zloka 104 /

Page #125
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA bhAva sambandha hai / anekAntavAda vAcya hai aura syAdvAda usakA vAcaka hai / kyoMki syAdvAda anekAntavAda ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai aura anekAntavAda syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se hI abhivyakta ho sakatA hai / isalie zrI vijayamuni kA bhI kahanA ThIka ho hai ki "anekAntavAda vicAra pradhAna hotA hai aura syAdvAda bhASA pradhAna hotA hai / " ataH dRSTi jaba taka vicAra rUpa hai taba taka vaha anekAnta hai aura dRSTi jaba vANI kA cogA pahanatI hai taba vaha syAdvAda bana jAtI hai|' isa prakAra syAdvAda anekAntavAda ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai / 78 yadyapi kucha jaina AcAryoM ne syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ko eka hI batAyA hai / una AcAryoM ne yaha spaSTa kiyA haiM ki jo syAdvAda hai vahI anekAntavAda hai aura jo anekAntavAda hai vahI syAdvAda hai / kisI sImA taka syAdvAda ko anekAntavAda kA paryAyavAcI mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki syAdvAda se jisa vastu kA kathana hotA hai vaha anekAntAtmaka hai aura syAdvAda usa anekAntAtmaka artha kA sUcaka hai / isa prakAra sthUla dRSTi se syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kI abhedatA siddha hotI hai / syAdvAdamaMjarI meM isa abhedatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "sthAt" yaha avyaya anekAnta kA dyotaka hai, isIlie syAdvAda ko kahate haiM / anekAntavAda bhI "anekAnta" zabda sUcaka haiM arthAt syAdvAda meM " syAt " zabda aura anekAntavAda meM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / " syAt " zabda "anekAnta" kA anekAnta ko abhivyakta karane ke lie hI "spAt" zabda prayukta hotA hai / vastutaH usake vAcaka zabda ke sAtha jaba taka " syAt " zabda kA prayoga nahIM hotA taba taka usakI pratoti nahIM hotI / udAharaNArtha "yaha pustaka lAla hai" aisA kahane se usakI lAlimA kA bhAna to hotA hai kintu usameM usake atirikta aura bhI aneka dharma haiM isakA bodha nahIM hotA / ataeva usake usa artha kA bodha karAne ke lie "svAt " zabda kA prayukta honA Avazyaka hai / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ko 1. anekAntavAda : eka parizIlana, pR0 13 / 2. " syAdityavyayamanekAntadyotakaM tataH syAdvAdo'nekAntavAdaH " - syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 25 kI TIkA.

Page #126
syAdvAda : eka sApekSika dRSTi 79 apane pratipAdya viSayavastu kI anekAntAtmakatA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM vastu kI isa anekAntAtmakatA ko spaSTa karane ke lie syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kA prayoga huA hai / isa prakAra eka sthUla dRSTi se syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda donoM eka hI haiM / yadyapi sthUlataH syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta eka hI haiM kintu sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra karane para unameM kucha antara bhI pratIta hotA hai / jahA~ anekAntavAda vastu kI anekAntAtmakatA kA sUcaka hai vahA~ syAdvAda vastu kI usa anekAntAtmakatA ko dyotita karate hue ekAntika bhASA - doSa kA parimArjana karatA hai / jainAcArya Ananda RSi jI kA kahanA hai ki - " yadyapi anekAntavAda syAdvAda kA aura syAdvAda anekAntavAda kA paryAyavAcI zabda kahA jAtA hai, phira bhI donoM meM yaha antara hai ki syAdvAda bhASA- doSa kA parimArjana karatA hai ki aisI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAye jo apane kathana kI prAmANikatA ko pradarzita karate hue bhI padArtha ke svarUpa ko surakSita rakhe / " " sArAMza yaha hai ki anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda meM eka aTUTa sambandha hai jise AdhAra - Adheya kA sambandha kaha sakate haiM / anekAntavAda syAdvAda kA AdhAra hai aura syAdvAda anekAntavAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti kI eka zailI hai / ataH ve eka dUsare se sambandhita haiM / yadi isa sambandha kona svIkAra kiyA jAya to anekAntavAda kI bhASAyI abhivyakti kisake mAdhyama se hogI ? syAdvAda kisa siddhAnta ko abhivyakta karegA aura vaha kisa para AdhArita hogA ? vastutaH unake isa sambandha ke abhAva meM sthAdvAda aura anekAntavAda donoM apUrNa raha jaayeNge| donoM siddhAntoM meM pUrNatA isa sambandha ko lekara ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra syAdvAda ko na mAnane para anekAntavAda aura anekAntavAda ko na mAnane para syAdvAda apUrNa raha jAtA hai; kyoMki syAdvAdarUpI bhavana anekAntavAdarUpI nIMva para hI khar3A hotA hai / yadi anekAntavAdarUpI nIMva ko nikAla diyA jAya to syAdvAdarUpI bhavana bhI dharAzAyI ho jAyegA / isI taraha svAdvAdarUpI mahala ke abhAva meM anekAntavAdarUnI noMva kA koI mahatva nahIM hai / ataH 1. syAdvAda siddhAnta : eka anuzIlana, pR0 27 /

Page #127
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kA gaharA aura aTUTa sambandha hai| cUMki anekAntavAda syAdvAda ke dvArA hI mukharita hotA hai / isalie syAdvAda anekAntavAda kA bhASAyI rUpa hai| syAdvAda kA yaha bhASAyI rUpa jisa kathana paddhati kA sahArA letA hai| use saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| kintu prazna yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI kI yaha kathana paddhati kitanI satya hai aura kitanI asatya hai ? kyA saptabhaMgI ke sabhI prakathana satya haiM ? yA unameM kucha asatya haiM aura kucha satya haiM ? ina praznoM ko samajhane ke pahale yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki hamArA jJAna aura tatsambandhI kathana kitanA satya hotA hai aura kitanA asatya hotA hai ? isakA pUrNataH vivecana hama agrima adhyAya meM prastuta kreNge|

Page #128
tRtIya adhyAya jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA jJAna kI prAmANikatA kA prazna dekhanA, jAnanA samajhanA mAnava kA sahaja svabhAva hai| vaha pratyeka vastu ke mUla-svarUpa ko jAnane kA prayAsa karatA hai aura mAtra usake bAhya pratIti yA indriyAnubhUti se santuSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha apanI pratItyAtmaka anubhUti ke pIche bhI jhA~kanA cAhatA hai| vaha vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| usake lie usake pAsa mAtra do ho sAdhana upalabdha haiM-eka indriyA~ aura dUsarA tarka buddhi / mAnava inhIM sImita sAdhanoM se tattvAdhigama kA prayAsa karatA hai| kintu indriyAnubhUti se prApta vastutattva ke bAhya-svarUpa ke jJAna se asantuSTa mAnava usake sAratattva ko tarka buddhi se samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| phira bhI usakI yaha jijJAsA banI hI rahatI hai ki vAstava meM satya kyA hai ? yathArtha kyA haiM ? use kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? vastu ke sandarbha meM hameM jo yaha jJAna prApta ho rahA hai vaha kaisA hai ? vaha satya hai yA asatya hai ? prAmANika hai yA aprAmANika hai ? aadi-aadi| ____ yahA~ hamAre vivecana kA viSaya yaha nahIM hai ki jJAna kahA~ se prApta ho rahA hai ? apitu mAtra itanA hI hai ki jo yaha jJAna hameM prApta ho rahA hai vaha satya hai yA asatya ? prAmANika hai yA aprAmANika ? aura usakI prAmANikatA-aprAmANikatA kA kAraNa kyA hai ? jaina-darzana ke anusAra, jJAna prajjvalita dIpaka ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka para padArthoM ko prakAzita karate hue apane ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai usI prakAra jJAna para padArthoM ko jAnane ke sAtha hI sAtha apane ko bhI jAnatA hai| DaoN. mahendra kumAra jaina dArzanika sAhitya ke AdhAra para jJAna ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki "jJAna kA sAmAnya dharma hai apane svarUpa ko jAnate hue para padArtha ko jAnanA / vaha avasthA vizeSa meM para ko jAne yA na jAne, para apane svarUpa ko to hara hAlata

Page #129
82 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA meM jAnatA hI hai / jJAna cAhe pramANa ho, saMzaya ho, viparyaya ho yA anadhyavasAya Adi kisI bhI rUpa meM kyoM na ho, vaha bAhyArtha meM visaMvAdI hone para bhI apane svarUpa ko avazya jAnegA aura svarUpa meM avisaMvAdI hI hogaa| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki jJAna ghaTa paTAdi padArthoM kI taraha ajJAta rUpa meM utpanna ho jAya aura pIche mana Adi ke dvArA usakA grahaNa ho / vaha to dIpaka kI taraha jagamagAtA huA hI utpanna hotA hai| svasaMvedo honA jJAna sAmAnya kA dharma hai| ataH saMzayAdi jJAnoM meM jJAnAMza kA anubhava apane Apa usI jJAna ke dvArA hotA hai| yadi jJAna apane svarUpa ko na jAne yAnI vaha svayaM ke pratyakSa na ho; to usake dvArA padArtha kA bodha bhI nahIM ho sktaa|"' AptamImAMsA meM kahA gayA hai ki bhAva (jJAna) ko prameya mAnane kI apekSA se koI jJAna pramANAbhAsa nahIM hai / ataH jJAna sva-rUpa se pramANa rUpa hI hotA hai| yadi jJAna apane svarUpa kA hI pratibhAsa karane meM asamartha hai to vaha para padArthoM kA avabodhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataH sabhI jJAnoM kA svarUpa kI apekSA se pramANa rUpa honA saMbhava hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sva-saMvedana kI dRSTi se koI bhI jJAna asatya yAnI apramANa nahIM hotA / yahA~ taka ki sva-saMvedana kI apekSA se mithyA jJAna bhI pramANa hI hotA hai| cUMki jJAna kI bAhyArtha ke sAtha saMgati nizcita nahIM hotii| kabhI jJAna jJeya vastu ke anurUpa hotA hai to kabhI nahIM hotaa| ataH bAhya vastu se saMgati-asaMgati ke kAraNa hI jJAna yathArtha-ayathArtha hotA hai / isalie pramANa-apramANa kI vyavasthA bAhyArtha kI apekSA se hotI hai sva-saMvedana kI apekSA se nhiiN| Adhunika tarkazAstra meM "yaha Tebala lakar3I kI hai" aura "maiM yaha jAnatA hU~ ki Tebala lakar3I kI hai" ina do jJAnoM meM antara mAnA gayA hai| prathama jJAna meM hamArA prameya yA jJAna kA viSaya (jJeya ) lakar3I kI Tebala hai arthAt bAhyArtha hai jabaki dUsare meM hamAre jJAna kA viSaya yA prameya ( jJeya ) Tebala nahIM hai apitu svayaM hamArA jJAna hai / ataH jahA~ prathama jJAna ko prAmANikatA-aprAmANikatA kA prazna hai vaha jJAna ko jJeya vastu se saMvA 1. jaina-darzana, pR0 190 / 2. "bhAvaprameyApekSAyAM prmaannaabhaasnihnvH|" -AptamImAMsA, tattvadIpikA, pR0 270 /

Page #130
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 83 ditA para nirbhara karatA hai jabaki dUsare meM jJAna kI saMvAditA vastu se na - hokara svayaM jJAna se hI hai, kyoMki yahA~ jJeya svayaM jJAna hai / isa prakAra jainoM kA yaha mAnanA ki jJAna sva-svarUpa kI apekSA se svataH prAmANya hotA hai ucita hI haiM kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yahA~ usakA mithyA honA bAhyArtha para nirbhara nahIM karatA arthAt jaba jJAna hI jJeya hotA hai to usakI prAmANikatA svayaM jJAna para hI nirbhara karatI hai na ki vastu para / kintu jaba jJAna kA prameya yA jJeya bAhyArtha hotA hai to usakI prAmANikatA vastu ( bAhyArtha ) para nirbhara karatI hai aura isa dRSTi se jJAna ko parataH prAmANya mAnanA bhI ucita hai / saMkSepa meM kaheM to jJAna, jJAna ke rUpa meM svataH prAmANya hai aura bAhyArtha ke prakAzaka ke rUpa meM jJAna parataH prAmANya hotA hai / AptamImAMsA meM kahA gayA hai ki bAhya artha ko prameya mAnane kI apekSA se jJAna pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa ( apramANa ) donoM hotA hai / " isalie yathArtha aura ayathArtha jJAna kI ye donoM koTiyA~ bAhya vastuoM se usa jJAna kI saMvAditA para hI nirbhara karatI haiM / jo jJAna bAhyArtha arthAt jJeya vastu kA saMvAdI hotA hai vaha yathArtha aura jo visaMvAdI hotA hai vaha athArtha hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, jJAna tabhI satya hotA hai jaba vaha jJeya vastu ke anurUpa ho / yadi jJAna jJeya vastu ke anurUpa nahIM hai to vaha asatya ho jAtA hai / isa bAta kA spaSTIkaraNa DaoN0 mahendra kumAra jaina ne isa prakAra kiyA hai ki "jJAna pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa" inakI vyavasthA bAhya artha ke pratibhAsa karane aura pratibhAsa ke anusAra bAhya padArtha ke prApta hone aura na hone para nirbhara karatI hai / jisa jJAna kA pratibhAsita padArtha ThIka usI rUpa meM mila jAya jisa rUpa meM usakA bodha huA hai to vaha jJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai anya (jJAna) pramANAbhAsa ( apramANa ) | isI bAta kA nirUpaNa karate hue siddhivinizcaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa jJAna kA pratibhAsita padArtha jaisA - kA taisA mila jAtA hai vaha avisaMvAdI jJAna satya evaM pramANa hai aura zeSa apramANa / 1. " bahiH prameyApekSAyAM pramANaM tannibhaM ca te / " - AptamImAMsA, tattvadIpikA, pR0 270 / 2. jaina darzana, pR0 188 / 3. " yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra pramANatA / " - siddhivinizcaya, 1:19 ko TIkA meM uddhRta /

Page #131
84 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa prakAra jJAna kI satyatA-asatyatA, pramANatA-apramANatA bAhya vastuoM ke avabodhana para nirbhara karatI hai| kintu jJAna kI isa pramANatAapramANatA kA nizcaya bhinna-bhinna rItiyoM se hotA hai| kucha jJAna aise hote haiM jisakI prAmANikatA kA nizcaya svataH jJAna se hI ho jAtA hai| kintu kucha jJAna aise bhI hote haiM jinakI pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH nahIM ho sktaa| unakI pramANatA ke lie bAhya-vastuoM kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| jina jJAnoM ko pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH jJAna se hI ho jAtA hai unheM svataH prAmANya aura jinakI pramANatA kA nizcaya svataH na hokara svataH pramANabhUta jJAnAntara jJAna yA bAhya vastuoM se hotA hai unheM parataH prAmANya kahate haiN| svataH prAmANya meM jJAna kI prAmANyatA yA satyatA kA bodha svayaM jJAna se hI hotA hai| usake lie kisI bAhyArtha kA sahArA nahIM lenA par3atA hai| isa prakAra jaba jJAna apanI prAmANikatA ko svataH prakaTa kara de, to vaha jJAna svataH prAmANya kahA jaayegaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, jaba jJAna kI satyatA kI kasauTI jJAna svayaM ho to vaha svataH prAmANya hai| jaise tribhuja tIna bhujAoM se ghirI huI eka AkRti hai| yahA~ tribhuja ke tIna bhujAoM vAlA hone kA jJAna satya hai| isake lie hameM tribhuja ko dekhane yA pramANita karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki "tribhuja" pada hI eka aisA pada hai, jo usake tIna bhujAoM vAlA hone kA jJAna detA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki hama pUrva se bhI tribhuja se paricita haiM ki vaha (tribhuja) tIna bhujAoM vAlA hI hotA hai| vastutaH usa pUrva ke abhyAsa se bhI ukta jJAna kI prAmANikatA nizcita hotI hai| jaina-darzana meM svataH prAmANya ke nizcaya hetu abhyAsa-dazApanna jJAna ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| parIkSAmukha meM kahA gayA hai ki abhyAsadazA meM jJAna svataH prAmANya hotA hai| kintu kucha jJAna aise bhI haiM jinakI prAmANikatA kA nizcaya svataH yAnI tad jJAna se hI nahIM ho sktaa| unake prAmANya-nizcaya ke lie bAhya vastuoM yA svataH pramANabhUta jJAnAntara jJAna kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| usake lie jJAnoparAnta prameya yAnI jJeya vastu ke parIkSaNa Adi kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, arthAt vastu kA jJAna prApta hone ke bAda hama usa vastu ke pAsa jAkara 1. "abhyAsadazAyAM svato'nabhyAsadazAyAM ca parataH iti" / -parIkSAmukham, 1:13 kI TIkA /

Page #132
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 85 usakI parIkSA karate haiM ki vastu hamArI pUrva pratItyAnurUpa hai athavA nahIM / yadi vaha pUrva pratIti ke anurUpa hI hai to vaha pUrva pratIti rUpa jJAna satya yAnI prAmANika hogA / anyathA asatya arthAt aprAmANika ho jAyegA / vastutaH aise jJAna kI prAmANikatA ke lie bAhya vastuoM para nirbhara karanA par3atA hai / isa prakAra jJAna kI pramANatA apramANatA kA nizcaya uparyukta do vidhiyoM se hotA hai / svataH aura parataH jaina darzana meM jJAna kI prAmANyatAaprAmANyatA ke nizcaya hetu ye donoM hI vidhiyA~ svIkRta haiM / jAnane ke sAtha-sAtha jaba aisA nizcaya hotA hai ki yaha jAnanA ThIka hai to vaha svataH nizcaya hai aura jAnane ke sAtha-sAtha jaba yaha jAnanA ThIka hai aisA nizcaya nahIM hotA taba dUsarI kAraNa sAmagrI se -saMvAdaka pratyaya se usakA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai to vaha parataH nizcaya hotA hai| vastutaH kisI-kisI paristhiti meM jJAna - prAmANya kA nizcaya svataH hotA hai aura kisI-kisI paristhiti meM parata: / vidyAnanda ke anusAra jJAna-prAmANya abhyAsadazA meM svataH siddha hotA hai aura anabhyAsadazA meM parataH / ' isa prakAra tadAkAra rUpa jJAna yathArtha aura atadAkAra rUpa jJAna ayathArthaM hotA hai / yathArtha jJAna prAmANika aura ayathArtha jJAna aprAmANika hotA hai / jJAna kI pramANatA - apramANatA kA nizcaya jisake kAraNa hotA hai vaha hai prAmANya / prAmANya kA artha hai yathArtha / pramANa jisa padArtha ko jisa rUpa meM jAnatA hai usakA usI rUpa meM prApta honA yAnI pratibhAsa (jJeya) viSaya kA avyabhicArI honA prAmANya kahalAtA hai / yaha pramANa kA dharma hai / vastutaH jJAna kA satya honA prAmANya aura asatya honA aprAmANya hai / jJAna kI isa prAmANyatA aura aprAmANyatA ke pratipAdana hetu dArzanikoM ne vibhinna kasauTiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura vibhinna kasauTiyoM ke kAraNa hI dArzanikoM ne satyatA ko vibhinna rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai / yathArtha, abAdhitva, aprasiddha arthakhyApana yA apUrva arthaprApaNa, avisaMvAditva yA saMvAdo pravRtti, pravRtti-sAmarthyaM yA kriyAtmaka upayogitA ke rUpa 2 1. " prAmANyaM tu svataH siddhamabhyAsAtparato'nyathA / " - pramANaparIkSA, parIkSA 63, 2. dekhiye, jaina- darzana pR0 196; DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina /

Page #133
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA meM satyatA ko vibhinna paribhASAyeM dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta aura nirAkRtaH hotI rahI haiM / aba hama inakA vivecana pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM kreNge| (a) yathArtha yathArtha zabda do zabdoM yathA + artha se banA hai| isakA tAtparya hai artha (jJeya) kA jJAna ke anurUpa honaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, jJAna kI tathya se saMgati / jo jJAna jJeya vastu ke anurUpa hai vaha satya yA yathArtha hai| yadyapi jo jJAna jJeya vastu kI pratIti karA rahA hai vaha bhI jJeyAkAra hokara hI pramANa rUpa hotA hai kintu aisA mAnane para sIpa meM cA~dI kA pratibhAsa karane vAlA jJAna bhI pramANa yAnI yathArtha ho jAyegA / sAmAnyatayA aisA jJAna bAhyArtha se apanI avisaMvAditA ke kAraNa ayathArtha arthAt apramANa kahA jAtA hai tathApi jJAnAnubhUti kI apekSA se vaha (jJAna) bhI pramANarUpa hotA hai| jaise rajju meM sarpa kI pratIti "yaha sarpa hai" aisA jJAna saMvAditA kI dRSTi se apramANa hai kintu "maiM yaha jAnatA hU~ ki yaha sarpa hai" yaha jJAnAnubhUti to apane Apa meM pramANa hI hai| isalie anubhUti kI tadAkAratA kI apekSA se vaha jJAna kathaMcit satya bhI hotA hai| lekina usa jJAna meM pratibhAsa ke anurUpa bAhyArtha kI prApti nahIM hotii| isalie use ayathArtha mAnA jAtA hai| vastutaH jJeya vastu jaisI hai usakA usI rUpa meM grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna yathArtha hotA hai| (ba) abAdhitva abAdhita zabda meM a+ bAdha + kta pratyaya kA saMyoga hai| jisakA artha hai bAdhArahita honA athavA bAdhavivajita honA / vaha jJAna jo bAdhA rahita ho yA bAdhavivarjita ho, abAdhita jJAna kahalAtA hai aura jJAna kA bAdhavivarjita guNa sampanna honA abAdhitva hai| yahA~ bAdhita kA artha hai nirAkRta yA khaNDita / vaha jJAna jo kisI anya jJAna se nirAkRta yA khaNDita na ho, abAdhita jJAna kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra aise jJAna ko yathArtha yA pramANa jJAna kahA jAtA hai| (sa) aprasiddha artha khyApana yA apUrva artha prApaNa aprasiddha kA artha hai ajJAta, arthAt jo kisI anya pramANa se jJAta na huA ho aura khyApana kA artha hai udghATana krnaa| isa prakAra aprasiddha

Page #134
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 87 artha-khyApana kA artha hogA ajJAta artha kA udghATana karanA / vaha jJAna jo kisI ajJAta artha (jJeya) kA udghATaka ho aprasiddha artha khyApaka jJAna kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra apUrva kA artha hai abhUtapUrva, jo pahale vidyamAna na thA arthAt bilkula navIna yAnI jo kisI anya jJAna se kabhI na jAnA gayA ho| prApaNa (pra + Ap + lyuTa) kA artha hai prApta karanA, adhigrahaNa, avApti / isa prakAra apUrva artha prApaNa kA artha hogA jo pahale kisI anya jJAna se na jAnA gayA ho aise ajJAta arthAt bilkula navIna jJAna ko grahaNa karanA / isa prakAra aise jJAna ko grahaNa karane vAlA apUrva artha prApaka jJAna kahalAtA hai aura apUrva artha grahaNa karane ke kAraNa yathArtha hotA hai| (da) avisaMvAditva yA saMvAdI pravRtti saMvAdI kA artha hai sadRza yA samAna, aura visaMvAdI kA artha hai asadRza yA asamAna / visaMvAdI meM "a" upasarga ke jor3ane se avisaMvAdI zabda banatA hai aura "a" avisaMvAdI pada meM pahale Akara visaMvAdI kA nirAza karatA hai jisake kAraNa avisaMvAdI kA punaH vahI artha hogA sadaza yA samAna / avisaMvAdI se avisaMvAditva yA avisaMvAditA pada banatA hai| jisakA phalitArtha hai samAnatA yA tulyatA / isI prakAra pravRtti kA artha hai zabdoM ke artha kA bodha karAne kI eka zakti yA mana kA kisI viSaya kI ora jhukAva / jo jJAna jJeya vastu ke tulya yA samAna ho vaha avisaMvAdI aura jo jJAna jJeya ke saMvAdI hone kI zakti se yukta hai vaha jJAna avisaMvAdI yA saMvAdI pravRtti yukta jJAna kahalAtA hai / (ya) pravRtti sAmarthya yA arthakriyAkAritva ___ pravRtti sAmarthya kA sAmAnya tAtparya hai artha bodha karAne kI zakti / kintu arthakriyAkAritva kA Azaya hogA jJAna ke AdhAra para sArthaka kriyA kA sampAdana athavA jJAna kA vyavahAra meM upayogI honaa| vaha jJAna jo vyavahAra meM upayogI ho artha kriyAkArI jJAna kahalAtA hai| jaise hameM tAlAba meM pAnI kA pratibhAsa hotA hai aura yadi pratibhAsita pAnI hamArI pyAsa bujhAne meM samartha hai to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki hamArA pratibhAsita pAnI kA pUrva-jJAna artha kriyAkArI hai /

Page #135
88 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA sArAMza yaha hai ki cAhe jJAna-jJAna rUpa se to svataH prAmANya ho kintu jahAM taka vastugata jJAna kI prAmANyatA kA prazna hai vahA~ taka usa jJAna kI prAmANyatA antatogatvA bAhya vastuoM para hI nirbhara hotI hai| arthAt vaha jJAna parataH prAmANya hotA hai| caMki indriyoM kI grAhakatA sImita hai| isalie vastugata jJAna kabhI bAhya vastu ke anurUpa hotA hai aura kabhI nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jJAna kI yathArthatA-ayathArthatA, prAmANyatA-aprAmANyatA kI vyavasthA jJeya vastu ke svarUpa para nirbhara hotI hai| ataH vastugata jJAna kI prAmANyatA bAhya vastuoM para hI nirbhara hotI hai| yadyapi svataH prAmANya ke rUpa meM vastugata jJAna kI prAmANyatA jJAnAntara jJAna yA abhyAsadazApanna jJAna se bhI nizcita hotI hai| kintu yaha jJAnAntara jJAna athavA abhyAsadazApanna jJAna bhI antatogatvA bAhya vastuoM (jJeya) para nirbhara hotA hai; kyoMki usa jJAna kI pUrva pratIti bAhya vastuoM ke rUpa meM hI huI thii| isalie jJAna kI svataH prAmANyatA bhI bAhya vastuoM para Azrita hai aura parataH prAmANyatA to bAhyavastvAzrita hai hii| jise hama pUrva meM siddha kara cuke haiM / ataeva jJeya vastuoM ke sandarbha meM svataH aura parataH donoM hI prAmANya vyavasthA bAhya vastuoM para avalambita hai| isa prakAra jJAna ke prAmANya-aprAmANya nizcaya kI svataH aura parataH do hI vidhAyeM haiM aura donoM hI vidhAyeM antatogatvA bAhya vastuoM para nirbhara haiN| isalie sampUrNa jJAna kI yathArthatA bAhya vastuoM para Azrita hai| yadyapi pAramArthika sattA jo indriyAnubhava kA viSaya nahIM hai, jinakI aparokSAnubhUti mAtra hotI hai; aise jJAna ko prAmANyatA ke lie svataH prAmANya ko svIkAra karanA hI par3atA hai / kintu jahA~ taka vastuniSTha jJAna kI prAmANyatA kI bAta hai vahA~ taka to vaha parataH prAmANya hotA hai| DaoN. mahendra kumAra jaina ne kahA hai ki "pramANatA yA apramANatA sarvaprathama to parataH hI gRhIta hotI hai, Age paricaya aura abhyAsa ke kAraNa bhale hI ve avasthA vizeSa meM svataH ho jaayeN| guNa aura doSa donoM vastu ke hI dharma haiN| vastu yA to guNAtmaka hotI hai yA doSAtmaka / ataH gaNa ko 'svarUpa" kaha kara usakA astitva nahIM ur3AyA jA sktaa| donoM kI sthiti barAbara hotI hai| yadi kAcakAmalAdi doSa haiM to nirmalatA cakSu kA guNa hai / ataH guNa aura doSa rUpa kAraNoM se utpanna hone ke kAraNa

Page #136
jJAna evaM vacana ko prAmANikatA 89 pramANatA aura apramANatA donoM hI parataH mAnI jAnI caahie|"1 astu vastuniSTha jJAna kI pramANatA-apramANatA parataH hI hotI hai| vacana ko prAmANikatA kA prazna isa prakAra hamane Upara saMkSepa meM jJAna kI prAmANikatA-aprAmANikatA kI bAta ko samajhA, kintu aba prazna yaha hai ki kauna sA kathana (vacana) prAmANika hai aura kauna sA (kathana) aprAmANika ? isa saMdarbha meM vastuvAdI dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki satya kathana vaha hai jo tathya yAnI vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke anukUla ho arthAt hamArA kathana tabhI satya ho sakatA hai jaba vaha vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA saMvAdI ho anyathA asatya aura apUrNa hogaa| vastu ke "yathArtha svarUpa" se hamArA tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu ke jisa dharma kA kathana hama kara rahe haiM vaha usI rUpa meM usa lakSita vastu (uddezya) meM prApya ho aura isa taraha ke vidheya yukta kathana yathArtha hote haiN| isa saMdarbha meM jArja paiTrika ne likhA hai ki "yaha aise sAmAnya vyakti kA daSTikoNa hotA hai jo yathArtha kA bheda yathArtha ke kathana se karatA hai aura jaba kathana kA saMvAda tathya se ho to use vaha satya mAnatA hai isaliye yaha kathana ki navIna iMglaiNDa ke kinAre aTalAMTika ke jala se dhulate haiM satya hai, kyoMki yaha kathana tathya kA saMvAdI hai| kisI bhI vyakti ko isa nirNaya ke batAne ke pUrva vAstava meM aTalAMTika ke jala se navIna iMglaiNDa ke kinAre dhulate the / ataH pratyeka kathana ko satya hone ke lie lakSita tathya kA saMvAdI honA Avazyaka hai| jisa prakAra jJAna kA jJeya vastu ke tulya honA anivArya hai, arthAt yathArtha yA prAmANika jJAna jJeya vastu kA saMvAdI hotA hai| usI prakAra kathana bhI tabhI satya hotA hai jaba vaha tathya kA saMvAdI ho / ataH yadi kathya vidheya uddezya meM hai to vaha kathana yathArtha hai anyathA ayathArtha / kintu prazna yaha hai ki kyA hamArA kathana yA hamArA nirNaya vAstava meM tathya kA saMvAdI hotA hai ? kyA usa vastu meM nihita jo dharma haiM una sabakA usI rUpa meM kathana karanA saMbhava hai ? kadApi nhiiN| jArja paiTrika ne nirNaya aura tathya ke bIca eka gaharI khAI ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake 1. jaina-darzana, pR. 199. 2. darzana-zAstra kA paricaya, pR0 379-80.

Page #137
90 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA anusAra nirNaya yA kathana kathya kI pratilipi yA kathya kA saMvAdI ho hI nahIM sktaa| vastutattva jaisA hai usakA vaisA kathana karanA asaMbhava hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki "bAhya sattA se kisI bhI kathana athavA nirNaya kI tulanA karanA asaMbhava hai| Apa apane prAmANika mApa ko eka takhte ke barAbara meM rakhakara dekha sakate haiM ki unameM saMvAditA hai athavA nahIM, kintu Apa kisI nirNaya ko tathya kI barAbarI meM yaha dekhane ke lie nahIM rakha sakate ki unameM saMvAditA hai yA nhiiN| kyA yaha kahane kA koI artha hai ki nirNaya tathya kA "saMvAdI" hotA hai athavA vaha bAhya sattA kI "pratilipi" hotI hai| vAstava meM nirNaya yA kathana vyavahAra meM tathya kA pratIka to hotA hai kintu vaha usakI hUbahU pratilipi nahIM hotii| vastutaH kathya dharma vastu meM jisa rUpa meM raha rahA hai athavA usakA jaisA svarUpa hai usI rUpa meM usakA kathana karanA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| hama unheM prakathana rUpa pratIka ke dvArA avazya abhivyakta karate haiM kintu yaha dAvA karanA galata hai ki vastu kA svarUpa jaisA hai usakA usI rUpa meM abhivyaktIkaraNa hotA hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne isa saMdarbha meM gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne yaha prazna karate hue kahA hai ki "kyA ina zabda pratIkoM meM bhI apane viSaya yA artha kI abhivyakti karane kI sAmarthya hai ? kyA kursI zabda kursI nAmaka vastu ko aura "prema" zabda prema nAmaka bhAvanA ko apanI samagratA ke sAtha prastuta kara sakatA hai ? yaha ThIka hai ki zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA vAcaka athavA saMketaka hai, kintu kyA koI bhI zabda apane vAcya viSaya ko pUrNatayA abhivyakta karane meM sakSama hai ? kyA zabda apane viSaya ke samasta guNa-dharmoM aura paryAyoM (avasthAoM) kA eka samagna citra prastuta kara sakatA hai ? vastutaH isa prazna kA uttara kaThina hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA vAcaka nahIM hai to phira bhASA kI prAmANikatA yA upayogitA saMdehAtmaka bana jAtI hai / vintu isake viparIta yaha mAnanA bhI pUrNatayA sahI nahIM hai ki zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA sampUrNatA ke sAtha nirvacana karane meM samartha hai aura apane vAcya kA yathArtha citra zrotA ke sammukha. prastuta kara detA hai|"2 1. darzana-zAstra kA paricaya, pR0 380. 2. tulasI prajJA, khaNDa 7, aMka 7-8, akTUbara-navambara 1981, pR0 13.

Page #138
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA ataeva vastu-svarUpa kA tadrUpataH kathana karanA asambhava hai| hama jaba bhI usake abhivyaktIkaraNa kA prayAsa karate haiM taba usake AMzika svarUpa kA hI nirvacana ho pAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM ne zabda (bhASA) aura artha (viSaya) ke sambandha ke saMdarbha meM eka madhyavargIya dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai| unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki sampUrNa satya (vastu) kA jJAna bhale hI ho jAya kintu use usI rUpa meM kahA nahIM jA sktaa| vastu kI abhivyakti kA koI bhI prayAsa use sApekSa aura AMzika rUpa meM hI prastuta kara pAtA hai| vastu ke saMdarbha meM jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai vaha vAstava meM kisI na kisI vivakSA athavA naya se gabhita hotA hai| sarvajJa ko bhI satya kI abhivyakti ke lie usI bhASA kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, jo sImita evaM apUrNa hai tathA asti aura nAsti kI vicAra koTiyoM se ghirI haI hai| aisI apUrNa evaM sImita bhASA-zailI pUrNa satya kA prakAzana kaise kara sakatI hai ? ataeva aisI apUrNa evaM sImita bhASA zailI ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa satya (yathArthatA) kA nirvacana asaMbhava hai| isIlie prabhAcandra ne zabda aura artha ke tapa sambandha kA khaNDana kiyA thaa| unake daSTikoNa se "modaka zabda ke uccAraNa se mIThe svAda kI anubhUti nahIM hotI hai, ataH modaka zabda aura modaka nAmaka vastu donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN|"' ataH kathya vastu jaisI hai usakA usI rUpa meM kathana ho hI nahIM sakatA hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki kyA hama saba kucha asatya hI kahate haiM ? kyA satya kathana karanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai ? Akhira vaha kauna sA kathana hai jo satya hai ? isa saMdarbha meM jaina-darzana kA vicAra hai ki satya kI abhivyakti nirapekSa na hokara sApekSa rUpa meM hotI hai| satya kathana asatya tabhI banatA hai jaba vaha nirapekSa ho jAtA hai| ataH vastutattva kI yathArthatA kA kathana sApekSa rUpa se hI saMbhava hai aura vahI satya hai| samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki "nirapekSa arthAt eka-eka dharma kA kathana karane vAle jo naya haiM ve saba mithyA haiM / jo naya sApekSatA ko lekara kathana karate haiM ve samyak naya haiM aura vahI vastubhUta haiM tathA vahI arthakriyA karane meM samartha haiN|" 2 isa bAta 1. nyAyakumudacanda, bhAga 2, pR. 536. 2. "nirapekSAnayAH mithyA sApekSA vastute'rthakRt / " -AptamImAMsA, zlo0 108.

Page #139
92 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ko eka udAharaNa ke dvArA acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaise hama kisI kacce Ama ko khaTTA kahate haiM / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki usa samaya vaha khaTTA hai kintu jisa Ama ko hamane khaTTA kahA hai vahI pakane para mIThA ho jAtA hai / taba isa kathana ko ki "yaha Ama khaTTA hai" kaise satya mAna liyA jAya ? itanA hI nahIM; yadi bhASA kI akSamatA para dhyAna deM to yaha bAta pUrNataH spaSTa ho jaayegii| jaise nIbU, imalI, A~valA Adi khaTTe hote haiM / para kyA nIbU, imalI, A~valA Adi sabhI ke khaTTepana eka ho haiM ? yadi eka hI haiM taba unameM bheda kyA rahA? vastuoM meM bheda unake guNa-dharmoM se hI to hotA hai aura yadi una sabake khaTTepana bhinna-bhinna haiM taba unheM eka hI khaTTe zabda se kyoM sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai ? kintu itanA hone ke bAda bhI hama sabhI ke khaTTepana ko eka hI khaTTe zabda se sambodhita karate haiM / vastutaH yaha samasyA banI hI raha jAtI hai ki vaha kisa prakAra ke khaTTepana kA sUcaka hai ? parantu isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki vastu kA abhivyaktIkaraNa ho ho nahIM sakatA athavA bhASA aura vastu meM koI sambandha hI nahIM hai / unameM sambandha hai avazya / vastu kA jo kucha bhI abhivyaktIkaraNa hotA hai vaha bhASA ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai / bhASA apane artha (viSaya) kA saketaka to hai hI / kintu usake hUbahU pratilipi kA saMvAdI nahIM hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra zabda aura artha meM sApekSa evaM sImita, vAcya vAcaka bhAva sambandha hai / zabda apane viSaya kA vAcaka to hotA hai kintu usakI samasta vizeSatAoM kA sampUrNatA ke sAtha nirvacana karane meM asamartha hai| vastutaH koI bhI kathana tathya kA pUrNa saMvAdI nahIM hotA hai / yadyapi AMzika rUpa se vastu kA saMketaka hone se AMzika satya hai / isIlie jaina AcAryoM ne kahA hai pUrNa yA nirapekSa tathya kathya nahIM hai / unhoMne sApekSa kathana ko hI satya kahA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra cU~ki pratyeka kathana tathya ke sambandha meM AMzika jJAna hI pradAna karatA hai / ataH pratyeka kathana AMzika satya hotA hai / kintu smaraNIya hai ki kathana - kathana hotA hai kathya nahIM / isalie vaha mAtra kathya kA saMketaka hotA hai / lekina kathya kA pratirUpa nahIM / ataH usakI satyatA-asatyatA tathya ke sambandha meM usakI saMketaka zakti para nirbhara karatI hai / vastutaH jo kathana kathya kA jitanA adhika spaSTa saMketa karatA *

Page #140
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA hai, vaha utanA hI adhika satya ke samIpa hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jo kathana zrotA ke mAnasa-paTala para tathya kA saMvAdI pratibimba utpanna karane meM jitanA adhika samartha hai, vaha kathana utanA hI adhika satya hotA hai| kathana ke satya-asatya kI bAta zrotA ke artha-bodha kI sAmarthya para bhI nirbhara hai| yaha kathana kI satyatA-asatyatA kA eka dUsarA AdhAra hai| zrotA yadi vaktA ke kathana kA kucha artha bodha kara pAtA hai tabhI usake mAnasa-paTala para tadvastu sambandhI pratibimba utpanna ho sakatA hai aura tadvastu tathA pratibimba kA milAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaise "yaha eka kalama hai" isa kathana kA arthabodha usI ko ho sakatA hai jo hindI bhASA jAnatA hai| hindI bhASA se anabhijJa vyakti ke lie isa kathana kA koI artha nahIM aura na ye zabda usameM koI pratibimba hI utpanna kara sakate haiN| isalie kathana ke satya-asatya nirNaya hetu zrotA ke arthabodha-sAmarthya ko bhI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / __isa prakAra koI bhI kathana zrotA kI yogyatA aura zabda kI saMketaka zakti ke anusAra satya aura asatya hotA hai| vastutaH kathana nirapekSataH na to satya hotA hai aura na to asatya / kisI bhI kathana ko satyatA-asatyatA kisI saMdarbha vizeSa meM hotI hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne isa prazna para bar3I gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai / "pannavaNA" sUtra meM bhASA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki artha ko saMketita karake usakA jJAna karAne vAlI bhASA syAt satya hai, syAt asatya hai, syAt satyamRSA hai va syAt a-satya a-maSA hai|' isa prakAra bhASA ko satya mRSA bhASA, mRSA bhASA, satyamaSA bhASA aura a-satya a-mRSA bhASA cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta kara satya aura mRSA bhASA ko paryAptika tathA satyamaSA aura a.satya a-mRSA bhASA ko aparyAptika bhASA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina-darzana ke anusAra bhASA do prakAra kI hotI hai : (1) paryAptika bhASA (2) aparyAptika bhASA 1. pannavaNA sUtra, "ekAdasa bhASApadam". 2. vahI.

Page #141
94 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA paryAptika bhASA se jaina AcAryoM kA Azaya hai samarthavAn bhaassaa| vaha bhASA jo zrotA ko arthabodha karAne meM samartha ho, paryAptika bhASA hai| bhASA (kathana) cAhe svIkArAtmaka ho athavA niSedhAtmaka, yadi vaha eka nizcita artha dene meM samartha hai to vaha paryAptika bhASA kaho jaayegii| ise hama Adhunika tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se nizcayAtmaka bhASA kaha sakate haiM / jisa bhASA meM yaha saMzaya banA rahe ki yaha satya hai yA asatya hai athavA usameM nizcayAtmakatA kA abhAva ho, use aparyAptika bhASA kahate haiN| ise hama Adhunika tarkazAstra kI dRSTi se saMbhAvya bhASA kaha sakate haiN| kathana kI satyatA-asatyatA ko pUrNa rUpa se samajhane ke lie isa paryAptika aura aparyAptika bhASA ko samajhanA apekSita hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne paryAptika bhASA ke satya aura mRSA do bheda tathA aparyAptika 'bhASA ke satyamRSA aura a-satya a-mRSA do bheda kiyA hai| aba hama saMkSepa meM paryAptika aura aparyAptika bhASA ke ukta bhedoM para vicAra kreNge| 1. paryAptika bhASA jaina-darzana ke anusAra paryAptika bhASA do prakAra kI hotI hai : (1) paryAptika satya bhASA (2) paryAptika mRSA bhASA (1) paryAptika satya bhASA satya bhASA kA artha spaSTa karate hue panavagA sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki satya vastu kA sthApana karane meM sarvajJa-patha kA anusaraNa karane vAlo tathA jo bhASA mokSa prApti kA sAdhana ho sake vaha satya bhASA hai|' jaina-dArzanikoM ne asatya vacana ko mokSa kA bAdhaka aura satya vacana ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA hai| isIlie jaina-darzana satya-bhASA para sarvAdhika jora detA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra sarvajJa kA kathana yathArtha hotA hai; kyoMki vaha vastu ko yathArtha rUpa meM dekhatA hai aura vaha use jisa rUpa meM dekhatA hai uso rUpa meM abhivyakta bhI karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-darzana satya vacana ko sarvajJa ko vacanoM se nApanA cAhatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jo vastu jaisI hai usakA usI rUpa meM nirUpaNa karane vAlA kathana satya hotA hai| 1. panavaNAsUtra, "ekAdasa bhASApadam -2"

Page #142
95 jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA yadyapi sarvajJa vastu ke samagra svarUpa kA jJAtA hone para bhI usakA kathana to AMzika rUpa se yA sApekSa rUpa se hI kara pAtA hai / isalie paryAptika satya bhASA nizcayAtmaka hote hue bhI AMzika satya yA sApekSa satya ko abhivyakta karatI hai / isIlie sUtrakAra ne use "siya saccA" ( syAt satya) kahA hai / vastutaH kathana kI satyApanIyatA yA tathya se saMvAditA nirapekSataH yA pUrNataH nahIM; pratyuta sApekSataH hI saMbhava hai / yadyapi jaina darzana meM kathana kI satyatA vastugata satyApanIyatA yA tathya kI saMvAditA taka hI sImita nahIM hai; kyoMki jaina- dArzanikoM ne vyAvahArika satyatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ataH vyAvahArika kathana bhI satya yA asatya ho sakate haiM / unakI satyatA unakI arthakriyAkAritA para nirbhara karatI hai / jaina AcAryoM ne satya ke vibhinna bheda svIkAra kiye haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra', patravaNAsUtra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi granthoM meM satyavacana ke dasadasa bheda ginAye gaye haiM :-- 2 (a) janapada satya, (A) sammata satya, (i) sthApanA satya, (I) nAma satya, ( u ) rUpa satya, (U) pratIti satya, (e) vyavahAra satya, (ai) bhAva satya, (o) yoga satya aura ( au) upamA satya / akalaMka ne sammati, saMbhAvanA aura upamA satya ke sthAna para saMyojanA, deza aura samaya-satya ko rakhakara satya kA dasa bheda svIkAra kiyA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM yoga satya ke sthAna para saMbhAvanA satya kA ullekha prApta hotA hai | isa prakAra jaina darzana meM paryAptika satya bhASA ke dasa bheda ho svIkRta haiM; bhale hI unameM kucha hera-phera ho para unakI saMkhyA dasa ho mAno gayI hai / aba hama una dasoM paryAptika satya kathanoM kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta kareMge (a) janapada satya jisa deza yA pradeza meM jo zabda jisa artha meM vyavahRta hotA hai usakA vahI artha grahaNa karanA janapada satya hai jaise "bAI", "lauNDA" Adi zabda / "bAI" zabda yadi uttara pradeza meM vezyAoM ke lie prayukta hotA hai to 1. sthAnAMgasUtra, 741 / 2. pannavaNAsUtra, ekAdasa bhASApadam - 1 / 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0 1992-93 /

Page #143
96 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA rAjasthAna Adi pradezoM meM "mAtA" kA sUcaka hai| isI prakAra "lauNDA" zabda kisI pradeza meM "putra" kA sUcaka hai to kisI pradeza meM "samalaiGgika yuvA" kA pratipAdaka hai| vastutaH aise zabdoM kA prayoga pradeza ke anusAra karanA samucita mAnA gayA hai aura aise satya vacana ko janapada satya kahate haiN| (A) sammata satya vaha zabda pratIka jo kisI vastu ko sarvasammati se de diyA gayA hai use usI rUpa meM svIkAra karanA athavA vyavahRta karanA sammata satya hai / jaisepaMka se paMkaja (kamala) ke sAtha hI meDhaka Adi jIva bhI utpanna hote haiN| kintu sarvasammati se kamala ko hI paMkaja kahA jAtA hai meDhaka Adi jIvoM ko nahIM / vastutaH kamala ko paMkaja kahanA sammata satya hai / (i) sthApanA satya jisa vastu ko jisa rUpa meM mAnya kara liyA gayA hai usako usI rUpa meM prayukta karanA sthApanA satya hai| jaise kisI patthara kI mUrti ko kisI devatA ke rUpa meM mAna lenA sthApanA satya hai| (I) nAma satya jisa vyakti yA vastu ko jo nAma de diyA gayA hai usako usI nAma se pukAranA nAma satya hai| udAharaNArtha-nayanasukha, cakradhArI Adi / yadyapi cakradhArI cakra ko nahIM dhAraNa karate haiM phira bhI unheM unake nAma ke anusAra cakradhArI kahanA nAma satya hai| (u) rUpa satya veza-bhUSA yA AkRti ke AdhAra para kisI vyakti yA vastu kA kathana karanA rUpa satya hai / jaise sAdhu ke veza ko dhAraNa kiye hue vyakti ko sAdhu kahanA rUpa satya hai| cAhe apane AcaraNa meM vaha patita hI kyoM na ho| para rUpa ke AdhAra para use sAdhu kahanA satya hI hai| (U) pratIti satya jo vastu jaisI dikhAyI par3atI hai usako usI rUpa meM kahanA pratIti satya hai| jaise calatI huI relagAr3I meM se dekhakara vRkSa Adi ko gatimAna batAnA, sUrya ko asthira aura pRthvI ko sthira batAnA Adi /

Page #144
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA (e) vyavahAra satya vyavahAra meM jaisI bhASA kA prayoga hotA hai vaisI hI bhASA kA prayoga karanA vyavahAra satya hai| jaise-gA~va A gayA, cUlhA jala gayA Adi khnaa| yadyapi gA~va nahIM AtA apitu hama pahu~cate haiM, cUlhA nahIM jalatA balki lakar3I jalatI hai kintu pratidina vyavahAra meM ukta bhASA kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai jise asatya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vastutaH ve kathana vyavahAra meM satya haiM; kyoMki vyavahAra meM unakA aisA prayoga hotA hI hai / (ai) bhAva satya kisI viziSTa guNa kI pradhAnatA ke AdhAra para vastu ko tadrUpa kahanA bhAva satya hai / jaise-gur3a meM miThAsa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa use mIThA khnaa| yadyapi usameM miThAsa ke atirikta khaTTApana yA kasailApana bhI hotA hai| (o) yoga satya kisI sambandha vizeSa ke AdhAra para vastu yA vyakti kA tadrapa pratipAdana karanA yoga satya hai jaise-daNDa dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti ko daNDI, banArasa meM rahane vAle vyakti ko banArasI, kannauja meM rahane vAle vyakti ko kannaujiyA kahanA / mAtra yahI nahIM, yadi ve vartamAna meM usa guNa se yukta nahIM haiM phira bhI pUrva sambandha ke AdhAra para unheM usI nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| (au) upamA satya kisI vastu yA vyakti ko upamA ke AdhAra para vivecita karanA upamA satya hai| jaise--candramukhI, mRgalocanI Adi / yadyapi upamA mAtra upamA hai| upamA ke kAraNa usa upameya aura upamAna meM koI anivArya aura Avazyaka sambandha nahIM hai| phira bhI upameya aura upamAna meM tulanA kI jAtI hai / vastutaH aise upamA sambandhI kathana ko satya kahA jAtA hai| (2) paryAptika mRSA (asatya) bhASA pannavaNAsUtra kI hindI TIkA meM asatya vacana (bhASA) kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "jisa vacana se AtmaguNa kI, sarvajJa ke vacana

Page #145
98 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kI va mokSa pada kI virAdhanA ho| vaha asatya bhASA hai|' jisa bhASA meM Atmagata saMgati na ho, sarvajJa ke vacana ke viparIta ho tathA jisase mokSa prApti meM bAdhA ho, aisI bhASA asatya hotI hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne isa asatya bhASA ko bhI dasa bhedoM vAlI batAyA hai| kintu asatya bhASA ke ve sabhI bheda tArkika na hokara sAdhucaryApekSita haiN| aise vacanoM ko krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara vyakti prAyaH bola dete haiM; kintu ina vacanoM ko jaina AcAryoM ne mRSA aura sAdhucaryA meM avyavahArya batAyA hai| yahA~ isake bhedoM-prabhedoM kA vivecana upayukta nahIM hai / 2. aparyAptika bhASA jaina-darzana ke anusAra aparyAptika bhASA ke bhI do prakAra hote haiM :(1) aparyAptika satya mRSA bhASA (2) aparyAptika a-satya a-mRSA bhASA (1) aparyAptika satyamaSA bhASA satya aura asatya se mizrita bhASA satya-mRSA bhASA hai| ise na to pUrNataH satya kaha sakate haiM aura na to pUrNataH asatya / sAtha hI ise satya aura asatya se bhinna bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki isameM satya aura asatya donoM hI samAhita haiN| vaha bhASA jo satyatA yA asatyatA kA nizcayAtmaka jJAna dene meM asamartha ho use satyamRSA bhASA kahate haiN| jainadarzana meM isake bhI dasa bheda batAye gaye haiM : (ka) utpanna mizraka (kha) vigata mizraka (ga) utpanna vigata mizraka (gha) jIva mizraka (Ga) ajIva mizraka (ca) jIvAjIva mizraka (cha) ananta mizraka (ja) paritta mizraka (jha) addhA(kAla) mizraka (Ja) addhaddhA (kAlAMza) mizraka (ka) utpanna mizraka cUMki pratyeka vastu pariNamanazIla hai| usameM utpAda, vinAza aura dhruvatva kA krama sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| isalie "yaha utpanna huA" aisA 1. pannavaNA sUtra, ekAdasa bhASApadma-2 /

Page #146
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA kahanA sarvathA satya nahIM ho sakatA hai| kintu ise pUrNataH asatya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki yaha prakriyA bhI vastu meM ghaTita hotI hai / isalie ise satya aura asatya se mizrita mAnA jA sakatA hai| (kha) vigata mizraka utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyatva kI prakriyA ke sAtha-sAtha rahane ke kAraNa "yaha vinaSTa ho gayA" aisA kahanA bhI pUrNataH satya nahIM hai| kintu sApekSataH yaha kathana satya bhI hai| isalie isa kathana ko bhI jaina AcAryoM ne satyaasatya mizrita kathana kahA hai| (ga) utpanna vigata miSaka cUMki utpAda aura vinAza donoM hI kisI sat (dhrauvyaguNayukta) vastu meM pAye jAte haiM ataH utpatti aura vinAza sambandhI kramika kathana ko bhI pUrNataH satya nahIM kahA jAtA hai; kyoMki jo utpanna ho rahA hai aura jo naSTa ho rahA hai vaha nitya bhI hai / ataH utpatti aura vinAza sambandhI kathana bhI satyatA aura asatyatA donoM se yukta hai / ataH vaha mizra kathana hai / (gha) jova mizraka pudgalANuoM se nirmita hone ke kAraNa yaha zarIra jar3a aura isa zarIra meM rahane vAlA jIva cetana hai| isalie sazarIrI jIva zarIra kI apekSA se jar3a aura jIva kI apekSA se cetana hai / ataH sazarIrI jIva ko "mAtra cetana kahanA" sarvathA satya nahIM hai| yadyapi isa kathana ko sarvathA asatya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki vaha jIva kI apekSA se to cetana hotA hI hai| vastutaH aise kathana ko sarvathA satya yA sarvathA asatya na kahakara mizrita kathana hI mAnanA hogaa| (Ga) ajIva mizraka __ sazarIrI jIva ko mAtra acetana bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki vaha jIva kI apekSA se cetana hotA hai kintu zarIra ke rUpa meM usameM acetanatA bhI rahatI hai| vastutaH baddha yA sazarIrI jIva aMzataH cetana aura aMzataH acetana hotA hai| ataH use acetana kahanA bhI na to pUrNataH asatya hotA hai aura na to pUrNataH satya / pratyuta vaha satya-asatya donoM ho hotA hai| jaina-darzana kI bhASA meM ise "ajIva mizraka" kathana kahate haiN|

Page #147
100 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA (ca) jIvAjIva mizraka jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra jIva aura ajIva athavA zarIra aura AtmA ke ekatva aura bhinnatva kA pratipAdana nirapekSatayA saMbhava nahIM hai / isalie usake bhinnatva aura abhinnatva sambandhI praznoM ko na to satya kahA jA sakatA hai aura na to asatya / isalie inheM satya aura asatya donoM hI kahA jA sakatA hai / vastutaH aise kathanoM ko jIvAjIva mizraka bhASA meM rakhA jAtA hai / (cha) ananta mizraka vizva kI pratyeka vastu kisI apekSA se ananta hai to kisI apekSA se sAnta bhI hai / isalie use mAtra ananta kahanA na to satya hai aura na to asatya hai / vastutaH aise kathana ko ananta mizraka kathana kahanA cAhie | (ja) paritta mizraka yadyapi paritta mizraka kA artha "pratyeka mizraka" kiyA jAtA hai aura "arddhamAgadhI koza" meM bhI paritta kA artha pratyeka diyA gayA hai kintu prAkRta bhASA ke "parita" kA saMskRta rUpa " pratyeka" nahIM hai / vastutaH yahA~ " parita" zabda sImitatA yA parimitatA ke sandarbha meM AyA hai / AkAza parimita hai yA aparimita hai ? isa prazna ke sandarbha meM koI eka nizcita uttara nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki AkAza parimita (sImita) bhI hai aparimita (asImita) bhI / isalie use mAtra parimita yA sImita hI batAnA samagratayA na to satya hai aura na asatya / isalie aise kathana ko satya aura asatya donoM hI kahanA par3egA / isIlie ise paritta mizraka kahate haiM / (jha) addhA mizraka kAlAMza sambandhI kathana jaise do baja gayA hai, janavarI mAsa vyatIta ho rahA hai Adi vyAvahArika satya hai; kyoMki pAramArthika kAla meM yaha vibhAjana nahIM hai / ataH sabhI kAlika kathana pUrNataH satya yA asatya nahIM kahe jA sakate / isIlie unheM addhA mizraka kathana mAnA gayA hai /

Page #148
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 101 (a) addhaddhA mizraka kAla-nirapekSa kathana bhI pUrNataH satya yA asatya nahIM hote haiN| ataH unheM bhI aMzataH satya aura aMzataH asatya mAnanA hogaa| (2) aparyAptika a-satya a-mRSA bhASA vANI-vyApAra kI yaha eka aisI bhASA hai| jo pratidina vyavahRta to hotI hai kintu yaha satya aura asatya kI koTiyoM se pare hotI hai| jaba kisI vANI-vyApAra meM vastugata vidheya ke sthAna para kisI aise vidheya ko prayukta kiyA jAtA hai jinakA satyApana kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai / aisI bhASA ko jaina AcAryoM ne a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahA hai| yaha eka aisI bhASA hai jisameM uddezya ke sandarbha meM kisI vidheya kA vidhAna yA niSedha nahIM hotA hai| balki Adeza, icchA Adi ko abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai| pannavaNA sUtra meM isa bhASA ke 12 bheda batAye gaye haiN| yahA~ bhASA (kathana) kI prAmANikatA aura aprAmANikatA ke sandarbha meM inakA bhI saMkSepa meM vicAra kara lenA apekSita hai (ka) AmantraNI bhASA kisI vyakti ko utsava Adi meM sammilita hone ke lie Amantrita karane meM jisa bhASA kA prayoga hotA hai usa bhASA ko AmantraNI bhASA kahate haiN| jaise-Apa hamAre gRha-praveza mahotsava meM sammilita hoveN| yaha eka aisI bhASA hai jisakA satyApana saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie ise a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahate haiN| (kha) AjJApanIya bhASA kisI ko AjJA dene ke lie prayukta kI gayo bhASA kA bhI satyApana nahIM ho sakatA hai| isalie usa bhASA ko bhI satya aura mRSA kI koTi se pare mAnA gayA hai| jaise-dIpaka bujhA do, daravAjA banda kara do Adi / (ga) yAcanIya bhASA jaina AcAryoM ne yAcanIya bhASA ko bhI satya aura asatya kI koTi se pare mAnA hai| kisI se kucha mAMgane meM prayoga kI gayI bhASA kA bhI

Page #149
102 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA satyApana sambhava nahIM hai| jaise--pAnI do, kAgaja lAo Adi / isalie isa bhASA ko bhI a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahate haiM / (gha) pracchanIya bhASA kisI se kucha pUchane meM jisa bhASA kA prayoga hotA hai usakI bhI satyApanIyatA saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie use bhI a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahate haiM / jaise-tuma kahA~ jA rahe ho ? kyA khA rahe ho ? Adi / (Ga) prajJApanIya bhASA aisI bhASA, jisase kisI vyakti ko upadeza diyA jAtA ho| cUMki vaha tathyAtmaka nahIM hotI hai aura tathyAtmaka na hone ke kAraNa asatyApanIya hotI hai| vastutaH use a-satya a-maSA bhASA kI koTi meM rakhanA par3atA hai| jaise-hiMsA karanA pApa hai, ahiMsA mokSa pradAtA hai; aadiaadi| (ca) pratyAkhanIya bhASA kisI vyakti kI yAcanA kI upekSA yA asvIkAra jJApana hetu jisa bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha pratyAkhanIya bhASA hotI hai| jaiseyahA~ se cale jAie, tumheM bhikSA nahIM dI jaayegii| (cha) icchAnukUlikA bhASA jisa bhASA ke mAdhyama se apanI icchA jJApita kI jAtI hai use icchAnukUlikA bhASA kahate haiN| jaise-majhe miThAI bar3I acchI lagatI hai| maiM zarAba pInA pasanda nahIM karatA hU~ aadi| yaha bhASA bhI atathyAtmaka hone ke kAraNa asatyApanIya hotI hai| vastutaH isa bhASA ko bhI a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahate haiN| (ja) anabhigrahItA bhASA aisA kathana jisake mAdhyama se vaktA kisI vastu se apanI taTasthatA abhivyakta karatA hai| use anabhigrahItA bhASA kahate haiN| jaise-tumheM jo pasanda ho vaha khAo, jaise sukha ho vaisA kro| aadi-aadi| yaha bhASA bhI asatyApanIya hone se a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahalAtI hai|

Page #150
103 jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA (jha) abhigrahItA bhASA jisa bhASA se kisI vyakti ke kathana kA samarthana yA anugamana sUcita hotA ho use abhigrahItA bhASA kahate haiM / jaise-hA~, tuma aisA hI karo aadi| (a) saMdehakAriNI bhASA saMdehAtmaka bhASA bhI satya-asatya kI koTi se pare, a-satya a-mRSA bhASA ke antargata AtI hai| isalie yaha bhI asatyApanIya bhASA hai| jaisesaindhava acchA hotA hai| yahA~ yaha vAkya sandehAtmaka hai| kyoMki sindhu deza ke ghor3e kI acchAyI svIkRta hai yA namaka kI acchAyI / isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa kathana meM nahIM ho pAtA hai| (Ta) vyAkRtA bhASA vyAkRtA bhASA se jaina-vicArakoM ko kyA abhipreta hai, yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM vyAkRta kA artha paribhASita karanA, aisA ho sakatA hai| ve kathana jo kisI tathya kI paribhASAyeM haiM isakI koTi meM Ate haiN| Adhunika bhASAvAdI vizleSaka dArzanikoM kI dRSTi se kaheM to ye punaruktiyA~ haiM / jaina-vicAraka punaruktiyoM ko satya yA asatya kI koTi meM nahIM rakhanA cAhate haiM; kyoMki ye punaruktiyA~ na to koI navIna kathana karatI haiM aura na to inakA koI vidheya hI nizcita hotA hai| dUsare, inheM grahItagrAhI bhASA bhI kaha sakate haiM / vastutaH ve kathana jo gRhIta vidheya ko hI grahaNa karate haiN| isa vyAkRtA bhASA kI koTi meM Ate haiN| ye vyAkRta kathana bhI asatyApanIya hote haiN| isalie inheM bhI a-satya a-mRSA bhASA kahate hai| (Tha) avyAkRtA bhASA vaha bhASA jo kisI vidhi yA niSedha rUpa nirNaya se pare ho, avyAkRtA bhASA kahalAtI hai| yaha bhASA asatyApanIya hai| isalie ise bhI a-satya a mRSA bhASA kahate haiN| isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne satyApanIya kathanoM ko satya aura asatyApanIya kathanoM ko asatya kahA hai| cAhe ve niSedhAtmaka hoM yA svIkArAtmaka hoN| yadi ve satyApanIya haiM to satya hai anyathA asatya ho jAte haiN| isa

Page #151
104 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA prakAra yaha satyApanIyatA sambandhI siddhAnta Adhunika tarkazAstra ke saMvAditA siddhAnta ke nikaTa to baiThatA hai para isa satyApanIyatA ko jainaAcAryoM ne sApekSa rUpa se hI svIkAra kiyA hai nirapekSa rUpa se nahIM / vastutaH yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki jaina darzana meM ve hI kathana satya mAne jAte haiM jo sApekSa hoM / unakI yaha satyApanIyatA Age pramANa, naya aura durnaya ke vivecana meM aura bhI spaSTa ho jAyegI pramANa, naya aura durnaya ( 1 ) pramANa se sAmAnyatayA pramANa kA lakSaNa hai " pramAyAH karaNam pramANam" / arthAt pramAtA jisa sAdhana se jJAna prApta karatA hai vahI pramANa hai / pramA kA artha hai yathArtha jJAna / arthAt jo vastu jaiso hai usakI vaisI hI pratIti pramA hai ( tadvati tatprakArAnubhavaH pramA ) / karaNa kA artha hai sAdhakatama / avyavahita vyApAravAn sAdhaka hI sAdhakatama hai / ataeva avyavahita vyApAra vAle asAdhAraNa kAraNa ko karaNa kahate haiM ( vyApAravad asAdhAraNaM kAraNaM karaNaM ) / phala kI prApti meM avyavahita upakAraka hI karaNa hotA hai / yadyapi jJAna prApti meM aneka sahayogI hote haiM, parantu ve saba karaNa nahIM hote / karaNa to vahI hotA hai jisakA phala kI prApti nikaTatama sambandha hotA hai / yadyapi anya sahayogiyoM ke na rahane para bhI phala kI prApti asaMbhava ho sakatI hai / parantu ve saba phala kI prApti meM gauNa rUpa hote haiM / udAharaNArthaM gannA ko chIlane meM cAkU aura hAtha mukhya rUpa se donoM ho sahAyaka hote haiM / kintu usako chIlane kA Atyantika sambandha cAkU se hI hotA hai / yadyapi gannA aura cAkU donoM ko rakha dene mAtra se bhI gannA nahIM chIlA jA sakatA, usameM hAtha Adi aMga bhI kArya karate haiM / tathApi ganne ko chIlane meM sabase najadIkI yA nikaTastha sambandha cAkU se hI hotA hai / arthAt cAkU se hI gannA cholA jAtA hai hAtha Adi aMga usakI sahAyatA mAtra karate haiM / ataH gannA ko chIlane ke kArya meM kAraNabhUta karaNa cAkU hI hai hAtha Adi aMga nahIM / sarvaprathama pramANa-lakSaNa nirdiSTa karate hue kaNAda ne kahA thA - " aduSTaM vidyA" / ' arthAt nirdoSa jJAna rUpa vidyA hI pramANa hai / nyAyasUtrakAra 1. vaizeSika sUtra, 9:27 /

Page #152
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 105 gautama ne yadyapi pramANa kA koI sAmAnya lakSaNa sUtrabaddha nahIM kiyA thA tathApi unake TIkAkAra vAtsyAyana ne nyAyasUtra para bhASya likhate hae kahA ki "upalabdhi sAdhanarUpa pramAkaraNa hI pramANa hai| unake isI pramANalakSaNa ko udyotakara, jayanta bhaTTa Adi naiyAyikoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| udayana ne pramANa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa meM "anubhava" 4 pada ko sanniviSTa karake uparyukta paribhASA meM kucha bhinnatA prastuta ko hai| tathApi unheM pramAkaraNa rUpa pramANa-lakSaNa ho abhISTa rahA hai| mImAMsaka dArzanika prabhAkarAdi pramANa-lakSaNa svarUpa "pA~ca vizeSaNoM"5 ko batAne ke bAda bhI usake uparyukta artha kA hI pratipAdana karate haiN| sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI zrotrAdi indriyoM kI vRtti ( vyApAra ) ko ho pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM "ajJAta artha ke prakAzaka rUpa jJAna"" ko pramANa kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI lagabhaga isI artha kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina-darzana meM pramANa-lakSaNa-svarUpa bahuta sAro 1. 'upalabdhisAdhanAni pramANAni samAkhyA nirvacana sAmarthyAt bodhavyam / pramIyate'neneti karaNArthAbhidhAno hi pramANazabdaH / / nyAyabhASya, pR0 18 / uddhRta jaina darzana aura pramANa zAstra parizIlana, pR0 321 / 2. "upalabdhihetuH pramANaM......"yadupalabdhinimittaM tatpramANaM / " nyAyavArtika, pR0 5 / 3. "pramIyate yena tatpramANamiti kara NasAdhano'yaM pramANazabdaH / " nyAyamaMjarI, pR0 25 / 4. "yathArthAnubhavo mAnamanapekSatayeSyate" nyAyakusumAJjaliH 4:1 / 5. "tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavivarjitam / aduSTakAraNArabdhaM pramANaM lokasammatam / / uddhRta-jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, pR0 322 / 6. "rUpAdiSu paJcAnAmAlocanamAtramiSyate vRttiH" / sAMkhya kA0 28 / 7. "ajJAtAryajJApakaM pramANamiti pramANasAmAnya lakSaNam / " pramANasamuccaya kA0 3 kI TIkA /

Page #153
106 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA paribhASAyeM dI gayI haiN| kisI ne "svaparAvabhASojJAna'' ko pramANa kahA hai, to kisI ne "svaparAvabhASI-bAdhavivarjita jJAna"2 ko pramANa batalAyA hai| kisI kI dRSTi meM "svaparAvabhASI vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna"3 pramANa hai, to kisI kI dRSTi meM "anadhigatArthaka avisaMvAdI jJAna" hI pramANa hai / kisI ne "samyak jJAna"5 ko pramANa kahA hai to kisI ne 'sva aura apUrva artha ke vyavasAyAtmaka jJAna" ko pramANa kahA hai| phira bhI ina paribhASAoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai / inameM jo kucha antara ho sakatA hai vaha zabdo ke AdhAra para hI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ taka pramANa ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kI bAta hai vahA~ taka to lagabhaga samasta bhAratIya darzana evaM dArzanika ekamata haiN| parantu jaise usake kAraNabhUta karaNa kI bAta AtI hai unake vicAra paraspara bhinna ho jAte haiN| kisI ne sannikarSa ko karaNa kahA hai to kisI ne indriya ko| kisI ne indriya-vRtti ko to kisI ne sArUpya aura yogyatA ko pramiti kA karaNa mAnA hai| naiyAyikoM ne jJAnAtmaka aura jJAna-bhinna donoM prakAra kI sAmagrI ko pramA ke karaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki arthopalabdhi rUpa kArya sAmagrI rUpa kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai aura isa sAmagrI meM indriya, mana, padArtha prakAzAdi jJAna-bhinna vastueM jJAna 1. "svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam' / svayambhUstotra, kA0 63 / 2. "pramANaMsvaparAbhAsijJAnaM baadhvivrjitm"| nyAyAvatAra, kA0 1 // 3. "vyavasAyAtma jJAnamAtmArthagrAhakaM matam / " ___ laghIya, kaa060| 4. "pramANavisaMvAdi jJAnamanAdhigatArtha lakSaNatvAt / " aSTazatI, AptamImAMsA kA0 36, pR0 22 / sanAtanagranthamAlA prakAzana / 5. "samyagjJAnaM pramANam' pramANa-parIkSA, pR0 1 / 6. svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam' / __ parIkSAmukha, 1:1 / 7. "avyabhicAriNImasandigdhAmarthopalabdhi vidadhatI bodhAbodhasvabhAvasAmagrI pramANam' / nyAyamaJjarI, pR0 25; 1:1:3 kI TIkA /

Page #154
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 107. ke sAtha kAma karatI haiN| anvaya aura vyatireka bhI isI sAmagrI ke sambandha meM hotA hai| mazIna kA eka choTA purajA bhI yadi na ho to sArI mazIna bekAra ho jAtI hai usI prakAra jJAna-sAmagrI ke choTe se kAraNa ke haTane para jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai| jJAna ke sabhI kArakoM ke rahane para hI jJAna utpanna hotA hai| yadi aisA hai to phira kise sAdhakatama karaNa kahA jAya ? sabhI apanI-apanI jagaha usake ghaTaka haiM aura sabhI sAkalya rUpa se pramA ke karaNa haiN| isa prakAra naiyAyikoM ne sAmagrI ko pramAkaraNa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu isake viparIta samantabhadrAdi jaina AcAryoM ne "svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna" ko hI pramiti kA karaNa mAnA hai aura sannikarSa evaM indriyAdi sAmagrI ko pramiti-karaNa (pramANa) mAnane meM doSodbhAvana bhI kiyA hai|' unake vicAra se indriya, mana, padArtha aura sannikarSAdi sAmagriyA~ kevala artha-bodha kI sahayogI haiM karaNa nahIM, kyoMki sannikarSAdi ke abhAva meM jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura kabhI-kabhI sannikarSAdi ke rahane para bhI jJAna utpanna nahIM hotaa| aisI sthiti meM sannikarSAdi ko hI pramA kA kAraNabhUta karaNa kaise mAnA jAya ? vAstava meM pramANa kA phala jaba ajJAna kI nivRtti hai taba usakA karaNa bhI ajJAna virodhI sva aura para kA avabhAsaka jJAna hI honA cAhie indriyA~ Adi sAmagrI nhiiN| __yadyapi jaina dArzanikoM ne jJAnodbhAvana rUpa sAmagrI kI kAraNatA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / tathApi unako naiyAyikoM kI sAmagrI-prAmANyatA athavA kAraka sAkalyatA kI pramANatA abhISTa nahIM hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jJAna ko sAdhakatama karaNa kahakara hama sAmagrI kI anupayogitA yA vyarthatA siddha kara rahe haiN| kintu hamArA yaha abhiprAya hai ki indriyAdi sAmagrI jJAna kI utpatti meM to sAkSAt kAraNa hotI haiM; para pramA arthAt arthopalabdhi meM sAdhakatama karaNa to utpanna huA jJAna hI ho sakatA hai / ataH sAmagrI Adi ko pramANa kA karaNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| 1. sarvArthasiddhi, 1:10 / 2. "tasyAjJAnarUpasya prameyArthavat svapara paricchatau sAdhakatamatvAbhAvataH pramANatvAyogAt / tatparicchitau sAdhakatamatvasya ajJAna virodhinA jJAnena vyAptatvAt / " prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR0 8 /

Page #155
108 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA __ isI prakAra bauddha-sammata "sArUpya (jJAnAkAra) evaM yogyatA"' ko bhI karaNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| yadyapi jJAna arthagrAho hone para padArthAkAra yA jJeyAkAra hotA hai parantu usake jJeyAkAra hone kA artha mAtra itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki vaha usa jJeya ko jAnane ke lie apanA vyApAra kara rahA hai| yadi jJAna kA jJeyAkAra honA hI pramANa hai, aisA mAna liyA jAya to vaha jJAna jisameM jJeya kA pratibhAsa mAtra ho rahA hai vaha bhI pramANa ho jAyegA / aisI sthiti meM, rajju meM sarpa kA pratyakSa karane vAle jJAna ko bhI pramANa mAnanA par3egA; kyoMki rajju meM sarpa kA pratyakSa karane vAlA jJAna bhI pratibhAsa kI dRSTi se jJeyAkAra hI hai| cAhe vaha jJeyAkAratA eka sekeNDa kI hI kyoM na ho; para usa jJeyAkAratA ko bhI asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vastutaH usa jJAna ko bhI pramANa ko koTi meM rakhanA pdd'egaa| sAtha hI saMzaya Adi jJAna bhI to padArthAkAra hI hote haiN| jabaki unameM pratibhAsa ke anusAra bAhyArtha ko prApti nahIM hotii| ataH ve jJAna pramANa nahIM haiN| isIlie sArUpyatA (jJAnAkAratA), yogyatA Adi ko pramANa kA kAraNabhUta karaNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| caki pramANa kA phala hai ajJAna ko nivRtti, iSTa vastu kA grahaNa aura aniSTa vastu kA tyAga; aura ye saba pramANa ke jJAna-svarUpa hone para ho saMbhava hai| ataH ajJAna ko nivRtti meM ajJAna virodhI jJAna ho karaNa ho sakatA hai / ajJAna do taraha kA hotA hai 1- jJAnAbhAva rUpa ajJAna, aura 2- mithyA jJAna rUpa ajJAna / aba yahA~ yadi kahA jAya ki mithyAjJAna rUpa ajJAna jJAnAkaraNa ko grahaNa karatA hai jisakA nivAraNa pramANa jJAna se hotA hai| taba jJAnAbhAva rUpa ajJAna kA nivAraNa kisa pramANa se hogA? yadi yaha kahA jAya ki pramANa-jJAna ho donoM ajJAnoM kA nivAraNa karatA hai to ThIka nahIM pratIta hotA; kyoMki jJAna ke prApta hone para hI usakI satyatAasatyatA kA spaSTIkaraNa pratIta hotA hai / vastutaH pramANa jJAna mithyA jJAna rUpa ajJAna kI hI nivRtti karatA hai jJAnAbhAvarUpa ajJAna kI nahIM / 1. "pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vaa| tattvasaMgraha, zloka 1343 /

Page #156
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 109 kintu aisI zaMkA karanA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki " pramANa kA phala hai ajJAna kA nivAraNa, iSTa vastu kA grahaNa aura aniSTa vastu kA tyAga", taba usakA Azaya yahI hotA hai ki pramANa- jJAna galata- jJAna kA nivAraNa to karatA hI hai / parantu usake sAtha hI navIna jJAna bhI pradAna karatA hai / arthAt 'iSTa vastu ke grahaNa" kA tAtparya jJAnAbhAvarUpa jJAna kI prApti se hI hai / udAharaNArtha - " kathaMcit yaha kursI hI hai" jaba aisA jJAna hotA hai taba usameM ukta sabhI kArya hote haiM; arthAt "yaha kursI nahIM hai meja Adi hai" aise galata jJAna kA nivAraNa hotA hai; arthAt usameM meja Adi rUpa aniSTa vastu kA tyAga hotA hai| sAtha hI kursI ke kusitva rUpa navIna jJAna kI prApti bhI hotI hai / vastutaH pramANajJAna se mithyAjJAna rUpa ajJAna ke nAza ke sAtha hI jJAnAbhAva rUpa ajJAna kI bhI nivRtti hotI hai| eka aura udAharaNa dekhie- jaba sIpa ko rajata samajha kara hama usake pAsa jAte haiM aura use uThAkara dekhane ke pazcAt kahate haiM ki yaha to sIpa hai cA~dI nahIM / taba vahA~ use rajata samajhane vAle mithyAjJAna rUpa ajJAna kA nirAkaraNa to hotA hI hai / kintu usake sAtha hI " yaha sIpa hai" aisA eka navIna jJAna bhI prApta hotA hai aura yahI jJAnAbhAvarUpa ajJAna kA nirAkaraNa hai / isa prakAra pramANa- jJAna se iSTa vastu kA grahaNa aura aniSTa vastu kA tyAga hotA hai aura isI rUpa meM vaha donoM prakAra ke ajJAnoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai | ye kArya tabhI sambhava haiM jaba vaha samyak ho evaM svaparAvabhAsaka ho / svaparAvabhAsaka kA artha hai sva-para kA prakAzaka arthAt jJAna apane svarUpa ko prakAzita karate hue para padArtha ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai / use svayaM prakAzita hone ke lie kisI dUsare prakAza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / udAharaNArtha - dIpaka ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ko prakAzita karane ke sAtha hI svayaM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai / usa dIpaka ko prakAzamAna hone ke lie kisI anya dIpaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / vaha prakAza rUpa utpanna hokara hI dUsare padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai / jo svayaM aprakAzita hai vaha dUsare ko kaise prakAzita kara sakatA hai / isIlie jJAna ko "sva-para prakAzaka" kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM jJAna prakAzamAna dIpaka ke samAna hai / jo svayaM ko prakAzita karate hue para padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita

Page #157
110 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA karatA hai, aura vahI sva-para prakAzaka jJAna hI pramANa hai| samantabhadra, siddhasena divAkara Adi AcAryoM ne pramANa-lakSaNa meM isI "svaparAvabhAsaka" pada ko sanniviSTa kiyA hai| jJAna na to ajJAta rahatA hai aura na to use jJAta karane ke lie kisI dUsare jJAna kI AvazyakatA hI hoto hai| isI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie jainAcAryoM ne pramANa-lakSaNa meM "sva" aura "para" padoM ko samAhita karake jJAnAdvaitavAdI, brahmAdvaitavAdI Adi dArzanikoM ke matoM kA nirAsa kiyA hai| __ jaina-darzana meM pramANa-jJAna ko anya prakAra se bhI paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| jo jJAna jJeya ko samagratayA grahaNa karatA hai vaha jJAna pramANa hai| zeSa jJAna yA to naya ke rUpa meM pramANAMza hotA hai yA durnaya ke rUpa meM apramANa hotA hai| vastutaH sarvAMzagrAhI jJAna pramANa hai aMzagrAhI jJAna naya hai| jaina-darzana meM sarvAMzagrAhI jJAna ko sakalAdezI aura aMzagrAhI jJAna ko vikalAdezI jJAna kahA gayA hai| cUMki anekAntAtmaka vastu kA samagratayA grahaNa pramANa kA viSaya hai / isolie pramANa ko sakalAdezI kahA jAtA hai| aMzagrAhI jJAna pramANa dvArA gRhIta vastu ko aMzataH hI grahaNa karatA hai| isalie usa aMzagrAhI jJAna ko vikalAdezo jJAna kahate haiN| cU~ki naya pramANadvArA grahaNa kI gayI vastu ke ekAMza ko hI pradhAna karake nirNaya detA hai| isalie use pramANa na kahakara pramANAMza kahA jAtA hai yadyapi pramANa bhI jJAna hai aura naya bhI jJAna hai| kintu naya pramANa dvArA gRhIta vastu ke eka aMza meM hI pravRtti karatA hai| ataH use na to pramANa kahate haiM aura na apramANa; apitu pramANAMza kahate haiN| isI pramANa aura naya vyavasthA ke kAraNa hI saptabhaMgo ke-pramANa saptabhaMgI aura naya saptabhaMgI-aise do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM jinakA hama yathAvasara vivecana kreNge| (2) naya jaina-darzana meM jJAnake do vargIkaraNa kiye gaye haiM / sarvAMzagrAhI jJAna aura aMzagrAhI jJAna / jo jJAna samagra vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa meM grahaNa karatA yA jAnatA hai use sarvAMzagrAhI jJAna aura jo jJAna vastu ke kisI eka pakSa yA pahalU ko jAnatA hai use aMzagrAhI jJAna kahate haiN| isI sarvAMzagrAhI jJAna ko pramANa aura aMzagrAhI jJAna ko naya kahA gayA hai / paM0 sukhalAla jI ne pramANa aura naya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki "naya aura pramANa"

Page #158
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 111 donoM hI jJAna haiM, parantu unameM antara yaha hai ki naya vastu ke eka aMza kA bodha karAtA hai aura pramANa aneka aMzoM kaa|"" vastue~ ananta dharmAtmaka haiN| pramANa use samagra bhAva se grahaNa karatA hai| jabaki naya pramANa ke dvArA gRhIta vastu ke eka aMza ko hI jAnatA hai| udAharaNArtha-pramANa ghar3e ko akhaNDa bhAva se arthAt rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparzAdi usake aneka dharmoM kA vibhAga na karake pUrNataH jAnatA hai| jabaki naya usakA vibhAjana karake "rUpavAna ghaTa:", "rasavAna ghaTaH" Adi rUpa meM use apane abhiprAyAnusAra grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra naya kA sAmAnya artha hai jJAtA kA abhiprAya / jJAtA kA vaha abhiprAya vizeSa naya hai, jo pramANa ke dvArA jAne gaye vastu ke ekAMza kA sparza karatA hai / bhedAbhedAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka padArtha akhaNDa rUpa se pramANa kA viSaya hotA hai| usake kisI eka dharma ko viSaya karane vAlA jJAtA kA abhiprAya hI naya kahalAtA hai| nyAyAvatAra meM kahA gayA hai ki "ananta dharmoM yA guNoM se yukta vastu ke kisI apekSita eka dharma-vizeSa kA jo jJAna hai vaha naya kahalAtA hai|" 2 arthAt pratyakSAdi pramANa se yathAvasthita vastu-svarUpa ke grahaNa ke anantara "yaha nitya hai yA anitya hai" ityAdi apane Azaya se vastu ke eka aMza (dharma) kA parAmarza naya hai / devAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki syAdvAda rUpa paramAgama se vibhakta hae artha vizeSa kA avirodha rUpa se jo sAdhya ke sadharmarUpa sAdharmya kA vyaMjaka hai usako naya vizeSa rUpa hetu kahate haiM / 3 "nIyate gamyate sAdhyortho'nenaM iti nayaH' isa nirukti se "naya" zabda yahA~ hetu kA vAcaka hai aura aneka dharmoM meM se eka dharma kA pratipAdaka sAmAnya kI dRSTi meM bhI vaha sthita hai| ise dUsare zabdoM meM yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki naya pramANa kA eka aMza mAtra hai aura pramANa aneka nayoM kA samUha hai; kyoMki naya vastu ko eka hI dRSTi se grahaNa karatA haiM aura pramANa aneka dRSTiyoM se grahaNa karatA hai| 1. "pramANanayairAdhigamaH" / tattvArthasUtra, 1:6 / 2. "eka dezaviziSTo'rtho nayasya viSayo mataH" / nyAyAvatArasUtra, kA0 29 / 3. "sadharmaNaiva sAdhyasya sAdhAdavirodhataH / syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjakonayaH // devAgama, zlo0 106 /

Page #159
112 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA pramANa vastu meM avasthita rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, kaniSTha, jyeSTha, sat, asat, eka, aneka Adi samasta dharmoM ko akhaNDa rUpa se jAnatA hai| parantu naya apanI vivakSAnusAra kisI eka dharma kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| pramANa vastu meM sthita ananta dharmoM ko nizcita karatA hai aura naya pramANa ke dvArA nizcita kiye gaye ananta dharmoM meM se apane abhISTa dharma kA hI grahaNa karate hue zeSa dharmoM kI ora se udAsIna rahatA hai / ____cU~ki pramANa vyavasthA meM padArtha kA jJAna akhaNDabhAva se (yugapat) sampUrNa aMzoM kA hotA hai aura naya vyavasthA meM usI kA jJAna akhaNDa bhAva se na hokara sakhaNDa bhAva se hotA hai| parantu kyA sakhaNDa bhAva rUpa naya jJAna pramANa nahIM hotA ? isa sandarbha meM jaina AcAryoM kA aisA vicAra hai ki pramANa aura naya ye donoM hI vastu ke jJAna to haiM kintu ina donoM meM antara yaha hai ki kisI bhI viSaya ko sarvAMza meM sparza karane vAlA jJAna pramANa hai aura usI viSaya ke kisI ekAMza ko sparza karake cupa ho jAne vAlA jJAna naya hai| yahI kAraNa hai naya ko svatantra rUpa se pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / phira bhI use apramANa kahanA ThIka nahIM; kyoMki vaha vastU ke sambandha meM jo AMzika jJAna pradAna karatA hai| vaha bhI to satya hI hotA hai| ataH use na to apramANa (asatya) kaha sakate haiM aura na pramANa (pUrNa satya) hii| use pramANAMza yA AMzika satya kahanA hI ucita hai / jisa prakAra ghar3e meM bhare hue samudra-jala ko na to samudra hI kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asamudra hii|' usI prakAra naya bhI pramANa se utpanna hokara vastu ke sandarbha meM ekAMza satya kA pratipAdana karane se apramANa to nahIM hai / kintu aMzagrAhI hone ke kAraNa pramANa bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isalie use pramANAMza yA satyAMza kahanA adhika nyAyasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| tattvArthadalokvAtika meM kahA gayA hai ki "jJAnAtmaka naya na to apramANa rUpa hotA hai aura na pramANa rUpa hI hotA hai| kintu pramANa kA eka deza (aMza) rUpa hI hotA hai|"2 1. "nAsamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo yathocyate / " naya vivaraNa, zloka 6 / 2. "nApramANaM pramANa vA nayo jJAnAtmako mataH / syAtpramANa ka dezaratu sarvathApyavirodhataH // " tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1:6:21 /

Page #160
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA --- isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se do bAteM phalita hotI haiM (1) naya vyavasthA pramANa meM hI hotI hai apramANa meM nahIM / (2) naya hamezA pramANa kA aMza rUpa hI rahA karatA hai / vaha kabhI pUrNa rUpa (pUrNa satya rUpa) nahIM hotA / cUMki naya pramANa dvArA gRhIta vastu ke ekAMza kA pratipAdana karatA hai, isalie usakA pramANAMza honA svAbhAvika aura svataH siddha hai / naya ke pramANAMza siddha hone se hI yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki naya vyavasthA sAMza pramANa meM hI hotI hai niraMza pramANa meM nhiiN| kyoMki niraMza jJAna kA akhaNDa bhAva se rahane ke kAraNa usameM aMzoM kA vibhAjana nahIM ho sakatA / isI naya vyavasthA ke kAraNa jaina AcAryoM ne jJAna ke-- sakalAdezI aura viva lAdezI - do vibhAga karake sakalAdezI jJAna ko pramANa ke adhIna aura vikalAdezI jJAna ko naya ke adhIna mAnA hai / " vikalAdezI jJAna artha ( viSaya ) ke eka deza vizeSa se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa naya kahalAtA hai / jaina-darzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu nityAnityAtmaka, bhAvAbhAvAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka hai / taba yadi use koI mAtra nitya yA mAtra anitya kahane lage to vaha kathana ekAntavAdI hogA hI / kintu jainAcAryoM ne ekAntavAdI kathana ko asatya mAnA hai / vastutaH asatya yA ekAntika kathana aura tajjanya jJAna donoM, na to pramANa ho sakatA hai aura na to pramANAMza hI / isalie use naya vAkya na kahakara use durnaya kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki naya vyavasthA pramANa meM hI hotI hai apramANa meM nahIM / naya jisa viSaya-vastu kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha na to pUrNa vastu hI hai aura na vastu-svarUpa se bhinna hI hai apitu vaha vastu kA hI eka pakSa 1. " sakalAdeza: pramANAdhInovikalAdezo nayAdhInaH / " 2. "svArtheka deza nirNItilakSaNo hi nayaH smRtaH / " 8 sarvArthasiddhi: 1:6 kI TIkA. 113 tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1:6:4.

Page #161
114 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA yA aMza hai|' yadi yaha bAta satya hai to prazna yaha uThatA hai ki naya vastusvarUpa kA ekAntika jJAna pradAna karatA hai, kyoMki vaha vastu ke eka aMza ko hI grahaNa karatA hai aura pramANa, jo vastu svarUpa kI samagrarUpeNa pratisthApanA karatA hai, anekAntika jJAna pradAna karatA hai| sAtha hI ekAntika jJAna, anekAntika jJAna kA virodhI hotA hai| vastutaH yahI virodhitA uparyukta kathana meM bhI parilakSita hotI hai| taba naya ko pramANAMza kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra pramANa aura naya meM koI virodha nahIM hai| unameM antara mAtra itanA hI hai ki pramANa vastu kA samagrataH jJAna prApta karatA hai to naya aMzataH aura pramANa-jJAna taka pahuMcane ke lie to naya kI bhI AvazyakatA par3atI hI hai / phira vastu-sthiti para vicAra karane para vyakti ke jJAna kA AMzika yA sApekSa honA hI nyAya saMgata pratIta hotA hai, parantu vAstavika jJAna isase kucha bhinna hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vastu ke parijJAna ke icchukajana ko prathama AMzika jJAna aura usake bAda pUrNa jJAna hotA hai / jisa prakAra koI vyakti gantavya sthala para pahu~cane ke lie sopAna kA Azraya lekara hI lakSya kI ora abhimukha hotA hai tathA anta meM apane lakSya kI prApti kara letA hai, usI prakAra AMzika jJAna kA Azraya lekara hI vyakti vastu kA pUrNa jJAna prApta karane meM saphala ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra AMzika jJAna-ekAnta tathA pUrNa jJAna-anekAnta meM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha parilakSita nahIM hotA hai| ___isa prakAra ananta dharmoM se yukta samagra vastu kA pUrNataH jJAna pramANa dvArA hotA hai / naya to kevala apanI vivakSAnusAra vastu ke ekAMza vizeSa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai / yadyapi naya meM apekSita dharma ke atirikta anya dharmoM kI apekSA nahIM hotI, parantu vaha apane apekSita dharma ke atirikta vastu meM vidyamAna anya jitane bhI dharma haiM unakA pratiSedha nahIM karatA hai| apitu unake prati usakI udAsInatA hotI hai| zeSa dharmoM se vartamAna meM 1. "nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / " tattvArthazlokavArtika, 6:5 / 2. draSTavya syAdvAda siddhAnta : eka anuzIlana, pR0 57 /

Page #162
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 115 usakA koI prayojana na hone se vaha una dharmoM kA na to niSedha karatA hai aura na to vidhAna ho / kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki naya vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko asvIkAra karatA hai / vaha pramANa kI hI taraha vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko svIkAra avazya karatA hai / para una donoM kI grahaNa maryAdA meM kucha bhinnatA hai / pramANa vastu ke samasta dharmoM ko grahaNa karatA hai para naya vastu ke ekAMza taka ho sImita rahatA hai / (3) durnaya aba taka hamane dekhA ki anantadharmAtmaka vastu ko akhaNDa rUpa meM grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa aura apane vivakSita dharma kA samarthana tathA anya avivakSita dharmoM kA pratiSedha na karane vAlA parAmarza yA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai / kintu yahI naya jaba parAmarza meM apane apekSita dharma kA nizcaya aura zeSa dharmoM kA tiraskAra yA niSedha karane lagatA hai; taba "durnaya" kI saMjJA ko prApta hotA hai / arthAt kisI vastu ke anya dharmoM kA niSedha karake apane abhISTa dharma ko hI ekAntika rUpa se svIkAra karane vAle jJAna ko durnaya kahate haiN| jaise-ghar3A anitya hI hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA gayA hai ki "ve naya jo sApekSa hoM to sunadha kahalAte haiM aura jo nirapekSa hoM ve durnaya kahalAte haiM / "" naya aura durnaya, donoM meM mukhya rUpa se vastu ke ekAMza kA hI grahaNa hotA hai / parantu unameM antara yaha hai ki naya sApekSa hotA hai aura durnaya nirapekSa / naya pramANAMza hone se satya hotA hai aura durnaya ekAntika hone se mithyA / naya parAmarza hetu apekSita dharma ke atirikta anya dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai jabaki durnaya anapekSita dharmoM kA niSedha kara detA hai / naya aura durnaya meM yahI antara hai / naya vastu meM sthita ananta dharmoM meM se apane kathana hetu apekSita dharma ko pradhAnatA se grahaNa karane para bhI zeSa dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA / balki usakI tarapha se udAsIna rahatA hai jabaki durnaya apane iSTa dharma kA grahaNa karate hue aniSTa ( anicchita ) dharmoM kA niSedha kara detA hai / abhISTa dharma ke grahaNa ke sAtha hI anabhISTa dharmoM kA pratiSedha na karane ke / 1. " te sAvekkhA suNayA, NiravekkhA te vi duNNayA hoti" / kArtiyAnuprekSA, gA0 266.

Page #163
116 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kAraNa naya satya aura apekSita dharma ke atirikta anya dharmoM kA niSedha karane ke kAraNa durnaya mithyA hotA hai / " svayaMbhUstotra meM inake isI Azaya ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "sarvathA sat, sarvathA asat, sarvathA eka, sarvathA aneka, sarvathA nitya, sarvathA anitya, sarvathA vaktavya, sarvathA ava ktavya rUpa meM jo mata pakSa meM haiM, ve saba dUSita ( mithyA ) naya haiM aura syAt sat, syAt asat, syAt eka, syAt aneka, syAt nitya, syAt anitya, syAt vaktavya aura syAt avaktavya rUpa meM jo naya pakSa haiM ve saba puSTa ( samyak ) naya haiM / isa kathana kA Azaya yaha hai ki eka ho parAmarza jaba " syAt " pada se vizeSita hotA hai taba vaha sApekSa aura sunaya hotA hai / kintu vahI parAmarza ukta vizeSaNa ke abhAva meM nirapekSa ho jAtA hai aura nirapekSa parAmarza durnaya hotA hai / ataH naya aura durnaya ke bIca antara sthApita karane kA kArya " syAt" pada karatA hai / aba yadi yaha kahA jAya ki sabhI parAmarza vastvAMza ke hI vimarza haiM; kyoMki ve usake kisI na kisI aMza kA vivecana karate hI haiM; taba ve durnayatA ko kaise prApta hote haiM ? jaina darzana ke anusAra eka pakSAtmaka pravRtti karane para AMzika jJAna kA koI viSaya nahIM rahatA aura viSaya na rahane se nayatva nahIM bana sakatA; kyoMki kisI eka aMza se viziSTa artha ko jo ( parAmarza) prApta karatA hai vaha naya hai / apane abhipreta dharma ke kathana ke sAtha hI zeSa dharmoM kA pratikSepa karane vAlA parAmarzaM vastutaH asatya hotA hai; kyoMki vastu eka hI dharma se viziSTa nahIM hai, vaha aneka dharma se parikarita (yukta) svabhAva vAlI hai| usakA pratibhAsa hotA hai / usakA apahnava karane vAle duSTa- abhiprAya haiM, ve pratibhAsa se bAdhita hone se aloka ( mithyA ) haiM / vastutaH jo kathana vastu ke kisI eka aMza kA grahaNa viziSTatA se karatA hai vaha to naya hai / kintu jo apane abhIpsita 1. "NiyayavayaNijjasaccA, savvanayA pariviyAlaNe mohA / sanmatiprakaraNa, prathama kANDa, gAthA 28 / 2. "sadeka- nitya - vaktavyAstadvipakSAzca ye nayAH / sarvatheti praduSyanti puSyanti syAditIha te // svayaMbhU stotra, 18:16 / 3. nyAyAvatAra, pR0 111; anuvAdaka - paM0 vijaya mUrti |

Page #164
jJAna evaM vacana kI prAmANikatA 117 dharma ke atirikta zeSadharmoM kA pratikSepa karatA hai| vaha usake kisI bhI aMza kA grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA; kyoMki usakA pratibhAsa se bAdha hotA hai aura bAdhita abhiprAyavAn hone se vaha durnayatA ko prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra aisA kathana alIka aura mithyA hotA hai / siddhasena ne kahA haiM ki ve sabhI naya mithyAdRSTi haiM jo apane hI pakSa kA Agraha karate haiM (aura) dUsare pakSa kA niSedha karate haiM, kintu jaba ve hI paraspara sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyaktva ke sadbhAva vAle hote haiM / arthAt samyagdRSTi hote haiM / ' udAharaNArtha aneka prakAra se guNavatI veDUrya Adi maNiyA~ bahumUlya hokara bhI yadi eka sUtra meM piroI huI na hoM, "ratnAvalI" saMjJA nahIM pA sakatI / usI prakAra apane niyatavAdoM kA Agraha rakhane vAle paraspara nirapekSa naya samyak nahIM hote / bhale hI ve apane-apane pakSa ke lie kitane hI mahattva ke kyoM na hoN| jisa prakAra ve hI maNiyA~ eka sUtra meM piroI jAne se "ratnAvalI" bana jAtI haiM usI prakAra sabhI naya paraspara sApekSa hokara samyakpane ko prApta hote haiM aura sunaya bana jAte haiM / samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki jo naya sApekSatA ko lekara kathana karate haiM ve samyak na haiM aura ve hI vastubhUta tathA ve hI arthakriyA karane meM samartha haiM | 3 isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana unhIM prakathanoM ko satya mAnatA hai jo sApekSa hoN| nirapekSa hone para ve hI parAmarza asatya ho jAte haiM / vastutaH jaina darzana meM prakathana kI satyatA aura asatyatA kA nirdhAraNa usakI sApekSatA aura nirapekSatA ke AdhAra para hotA hai / isIlie jaina tarkazAstra saptabhaMgI meM " syAt " pada ko jo ki kathana kI sApekSatA kA sUcaka hai, pramukha sthAna para rakhatA hai / " syAt " pada hI eka aisA praharI hai jo kathanoM kI sApekSatA ko banAye rakhatA hai aura unameM Ane vAlI virodhitA kA zamana bhI karatA hai / syAt pada kI isI viziSTatA ke kAraNa hI saptabhaMgI ke prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga " asti" aura "nAsti" meM kisI prakAra kA 1. " tamhA savve vi gayA micchAdiTThI - sapakkhapaDibaddhA / aNNoSNANisiA upa havaMti sammattasabbhAvA // sanmati 1:21 / 2. " nirapekSAyAH mithyA sApekSA vastu te'rthaMkRt / AtamImAMsA, zlo0 108 /

Page #165
118 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA virodha nahIM hotA hai| sAtha hI isakI isI viziSTatA ke kAraNa pratipakSI syAdvAda meM virodha-dUSaNa dikhalAne meM asamartha hote haiN| vastutaH jaina tarkazAstra meM isa sApekSatA kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ise Age aura bhI spaSTa kiyA jaayegaa|

Page #166
caturtha adhyAya jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI bhaMgavAda kA vikAsa __pichale adhyAya meM hamane dekhA hai ki anekAntavAda evaM syAdvAda ke siddhAnta vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA ko svIkAra kara eka hI vastu meM bhinna-bhinna daSTikoNoM se nityatva-anityatva, ekatva-anekatva Adi virodhI dharma yugaloM kA samanvaya karate haiN| isake sAtha hI hamane isa prazna para bhI vicAra kiyA hai ki eka sAdhAraNa mAnava ke lie anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa ko jAnakara usakA yathocita zabdoM meM varNana kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki usakI jJAna-zakti aura zabda-sAmarthya donoM hI sImita hotI hai| isalie anantadharmAtmaka evaM anekAntika vastu ke vivakSita kathya dharma ko avivakSita zeSa dharmoM se pRthaka karanA anivArya ho jAtA hai| aisI avasthA meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki usake yathArtha jJAna evaM kathana ke lie kisI aisI vidhA yA dRSTi kA upayoga kiyA jAya, jisase prakathana meM vivakSita dharma kA pratipAdana to ho kintu usameM avasthita avivakSita dharmoM kI upekSA na ho / mAtra isI lakSya ko lekara jaina AcAryoM ne apanI pramANa mImAMsA meM saptabhaMgo kI yojanA kii| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM saptabhaMgI eka aisA siddhAnta hai jo vastu kA AMzika kintu yathArtha kathana karane meM samartha hotA hai; kyoMki usake pratyeka bhaMga meM prayukta syAt zabda eka aisA praharI hai, jo prakathana ko maryAdA ko saMtulita rakhatA hai| vaha saMdeha evaM anizcacaya kA nirAsakara vastu ke kisI guNa-dharma vizeSa ke sambandha meM eka nizcita sthiti ko abhivyakta karatA hai ki vastu amuka dRSTi se amuka dharmavAlI hai| vaha usa vivakSita dharma ko zeSa avivakSita dharmoM se pRthak kara yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki vastu meM una avivakSita dharmoM kI bhI avasthiti hai| syAt pada isa bAta para bala detA hai ki hamAre prakathana meM vastu ke avivakSita dharmoM kI pUrNatayA upekSA na ho jaay|

Page #167
120 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ___ sAmAnya rUpa se hamArI bhASA asti aura nAsti kI sImAoM se ba~dhI huI hai / hamArA koI bhI prakathana yA to astivAcaka hotA hai yA nAstivAcaka / yadi hama isa sImA kA atikramaNa karanA cAhate haiM to hameM avaktavyatA kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| isa prakAra asti, nAsti aura avaktavyatA, ye abhivyakti ke prArUpa haiN| abhivyakti ke ina tInoM prArUpoM meM pArasparika saMgati aura avirodha rahe aura ve eka dUsare ke niSedhaka na baneM / isalie jaina AcAryoM ne pratyeka prakathana ke pUrva syAt pada lagAne kI yojanA kii| ina tInoM abhivyaktiyoM ke prArUpoM ke pArasparika saMyoga se syAt pada yukta jo sAta prakAra ke prakathana banate haiM use saptabhaMgo kahate haiN| jaina-AcAryoM ne isa saptabhaMgo ko vibhinna rUpoM meM paribhASita kiyA hai| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM saptabhaMgI kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki eka vastu meM avirodhapUrvaka vidhi aura pratiSedha ko kalpanA ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiN|' arthAt praznakartA ke jijJAsA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue nAnA dharmoM se samanvita kisI padArtha ke vivakSita dharma kA avivakSita nAnA dharmoM se avirodha pUrvaka sapta prakAra ke vAkyoM dvArA kathana karanA saptabhaMgI hai| paMcAstikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki pramANa vAkya se athavA naya vAkya se, eka hI vastu meM avirodha rUpa se jo sat-asat Adi dharma kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai use saptabhaMgI kahate haiN|2 saptabhaMgI taraMgiNI tathA nyAyadIpikA meM bhI saptabhaMgoM ke samUha ko hI saptabhaMgI kahA gayA hai| "saptabhaMgI naya pradIpa prakaraNa' bhI saptabhaMgI ko isI rUpa meM paribhASita karatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki vidhi aura niSedha ke dvArA apane abhipreta artha kA abhidhAna karane vAlA naya samUha saptabhaMgI hai| isa prakAra anekAnta1. praznavazAdekasmin vastunyavirodhena vidhipratiSedhavikalpanA sptbhNgii| tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1.6.5. 2. ekasminnavirodhena pramANanayavAkyataH / sadAdikalpanAyA ca saptabhaGgIti sA matA / paMcAstikAya/tAtparyavRtti, zlo0 14, chAyA 15, pR0 30 / 3. saptAnAM bhaGgAnAM samAhAraH saptabhaGgIti / saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 1 4. vidhiniSedhAbhyAM svArthamadidhAnaH saptabhaGgImanugacchati / saptabhaMgI-naya pradIpa prakaraNam, 13.

Page #168
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 121 vAdiyoM ne anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke eka-eka dharma ko abhimukha karake vidhi-niSedha kI kalpanA dvArA sAta prakAra ke bhaMgoM (prakathanoM) ko yojanA kI hai / inhIM sAtoM bhaMgoM ke samAhAra ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / isa saptabhaMgI ke sambandha meM vicArakoM meM bar3A matabheda hai| kucha dArzanikoM ke anusAra yaha saptabhaMgI jaina AcAryoM kI mana-gaDhanta kalpanA hai tathA dUsare dArzanika ise ardhasatyoM kA pratipAdaka siddhAnta kahate haiM; kintu bAta aisI nahIM hai yaha to vastu kI yathArthatA ko spaSTa karane kI eka paddhati hai, yaha jaTila vastu-svarUpa ke pratipAdana kI eka viziSTa zailI hai| isake kucha bhaMga to atyanta prAcIna kAla se pracalita rahe haiN| yahA~ taka ki prAcIna jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika granthoM meM bhI isake kucha bhaMgoM kA ullekha milatA hai| hA~, yaha bAta avazya satya hai ki saptabhaMgo ke sAto bhaMgoM kA ullekha prAcIna granthoM meM nahIM hai| parantu yaha kahanA nitAnta nimUla hai ki usake kisI bhI bhaMga kA ullekha prAcIna Agama granthoM meM nahIM hai| saptabhaMgI ke kucha bhaMgoM kA ullekha to vaidika granthoM meM bhI hai| jaina AcAryoM ne una bhaMgoM meM kucha aura bhaMgoM ko jor3akara mAtra unakA vistAra kiyA haiM / saptabhaMgI ke mUla bhaMga vaidika evaM bauddha granthoM meM bhI upalabdha haiN| hama ise spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kreNge| kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM kathana ke lie mukhya rUpa se do hI pakSa hote haiM-prathama vidhi pakSa aura dUsarA niSedha pakSa / ye donoM hI pakSa eka hI vastu meM eka hI sAtha apekSA bheda se vidyamAna rahate haiN| kyoMki kisI vastu ke viSaya meM eka pakSa se koI kathana kiyA jAtA hai to dUsarA pakSa bho uso ke sAtha upasthita ho jAtA hai| jaba hama kisI vastu ke viSaya meM kiso guNa-dharma kA svIkArAtmaka kathana karate haiM to usakA pratipakSI niSedha pakSa bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se A hI jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha jaba hama kahate haiM ki amuka vastu lAla hai to yaha bAta bhI spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki vaha harI yA pIlI Adi nahIM hai| isa prakAra ye donoM pakSa ( asti-nAsti ) eka ho vastumeM sadaiva sAtha-sAtha vidyamAna rahate haiN| vidhi, niSedha ina donoM pakSoM ke upasthita hone para samanvaya kI sthiti utpanna ho jAtI hai / yadi donoM pakSa samanvayakartA ke samakSa upasthita na hoM to unameM samanvaya ho hI nahIM sakatA / ataH samanvaya ke lie ina donoM pakSoM kA honA Avazyaka hai|

Page #169
122 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa prakAra vidhi evaM niSedha ke ina do pakSoM se saptabhaMgI kI vikAsa yAtrA zurU hotI hai / ina donoM pakSoM kA prathama AbhAsa hameM Rgveda ke nAsadIya sUkta meM milatA hai / ukta sUkta ke RSi ke samakSa do mata upasthita the - eka vaha pakSa, jisameM loga jagat ke Adi kAraNa ko sat kahate the aura dUsarA vaha pakSa, jisameM loga use asat batAte the / isa prakAra RSi ke samakSa jaba ye donoM pakSa upasthita hue taba unhoMne kaha diyA ki vaha sat bhI nahIM aura asat bhI nahIM / unakA yaha niSedhaparaka uttara bhI eka pakSa meM pariNata ho gayA, jise sadasat bhinna anubhaya pakSa kahA gayA isa prakAra sat, asat aura anubhaya ye tIna pakSa (bhaMga) to Rgveda jitane purAne siddha hote haiM / 2 / isI prakAra uparyukta do virodhI pakSoM evaM unake samanvaya kA ullekha upaniSadoM meM bhI parilakSita hotA hai / " tadejati tannejati " " aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn saMyuktametat kSaramakSaraM ca vyaktAvyaktaM bharate vizvamIzaH "anIzazvAtmA Adi-Adi upaniSad vAkyoM meM spaSTa rUpa se do virodhI dharmoM kA kisI eka hI dharmoM meM apekSAbheda se upasthita rahanA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / mUla rUpa se ye hI do pakSa haiM Rgvaidika RSi ne niSedhamukha se use anubhaya batAyA, parantu upaniSad kAlIna RSiyoM ne vidhise unameM samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA / udAharaNa-svarUpa muNDako - mukha paniSad ko dekheM / vahA~ mUlatattva ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki " sadasadvareNyaM" / zaMkarAcArya ne isa upaniSad vAkya kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki "he ziSyAH, avagacchatha tadAtmabhUtaM bhavatAM sadasatsvarUpam / sadasatormU tamUrtayoH sthUlasUkSmayostadvyatirekeNAbhAvAt / vareNyaM varaNIyaMtadeva hi sarvasya nityatvAtprArthanIyam / "" arthAt he ziSyoM ! jo Apa sabhI ke dvArA jAnA gayA hai use sat-asat svarUpa vAlA jAno / vaha vyatireka ke abhAva se sat-asat mUrta-amUrta sthUla sUkSma svarUpa vAlA hai / vaha , 1. IzAvAsyopaniSad, 5. 2. (a) kaThopaniSad, 1.2.20, (ba) zvetAzva ropaniSad, 3.20. 3. zvetAzvaropaniSad, 1.8. 4. muNDakopaniSad, 2.2.1. 5. muNDakopaniSad 2:2:1 kI TIkA.

Page #170
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 123 sarvazreSTha hone se varaNIya aura zAzvatA ke kAraNa sabake lie prArthanIya hai| isa samanvayAtmaka pravRtti ke dvArA eka anya pakSa kA janma huA jise sadasat (ubhaya pakSa) kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra upaniSad kAla taka sat, asat, sadasat ( ubhaya ) aura na satnAsat (anubhaya) ye cAra pakSa prakAza meM A cuke the| jo ki saptabhaMgI ke mUla bhaMga kahe jAte haiM / kintu vicAraNIya viSaya yaha hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne uparyukta cAra bhaGgoM meM se tIna bhaGgoM-sat, asat, sadasat ko jyoM kA tyoM to svIkAra kara liyaa| kintu caturtha yAnI na satnAsat (anubhayapakSa) ko usI rUpa meM svIkAra na karake usameM thor3A parivartana avazya kiyA hai| isIlie use jaina-darzana meM anubhayapakSa (bhaGga) na kahakara avaktavya bhaGga kahA gayA hai / vastutaH, anubhaya aura avaktavya pakSa ko eka hI nahIM kahanA cAhiye / anubhaya aura avaktavya meM bahuta bar3A antara hai / jahA~ anubhaya pakSa niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai vahIM avaktavya pakSa vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa hai| ___ anubhaya kI mUlabhUta dRSTi niSedhAtmaka hai aura anubhaya ko pUrva ke donoM aura kabhI-kabhI tInoM bhaGgoM (sat, asat, ubhaya) kA niSedhaka mAnA jAtA hai / jabaki avaktavya tInoM bhaMgoM kA niSedhaka nahIM hai| apitu vaha uparyukta tInoM bhaGgoM kI svIkRti ke sAtha-sAtha eka hI vAkya meM vastu kI vAcyatA ko asambhava batAtA hai| kintu avaktavya bhI nirapekSa nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina-darzana kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vastu pUrNataH yA nirapekSataH avaktavya nahIM hai / vaha kathaJcit vaktavya bhI hai aura kathaJcit avaktavya hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki usake samagra svarUpa kA nirvacana kramapUrvaka ho sambhava hai yugapat rUpa se nhiiN| yadi hameM eka hI prakathana meM use kahanA hai to use avaktavya hI kahanA hogaa| lekina kramapUrvaka usake eka-eka dharmakA vidhAna yA niSedha kiyA hI jA sakatA hai| ataH avaktavya kA artha huA vastu kramapUrvaka vaktavya hai aura yugapat rUpa se yA eka sAtha avaktavya hai / ___ vastutaH vedAnta aura bauddha zUnyavAda kA jo catuSkoTi nyAya hai usameM aura saptabhaGgI ke prathama cAra bhaGgoM meM jo antara hai, vaha niSedha mukha yA vidhimukha ko lekara haiM; kyoMki catuSkoTi nyAya na sat, nAsat, na ubhaya aura na anubhaya ke rUpa meM hotA hai| jabaki saptabhaGgI ke prathama cAra bhaGga kA rUpa hogA sApekSa sat, sApekSa asat, sApekSa ubhaya aura sApekSa avaktavya /

Page #171
124 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA isalie avaktavya aura anubhaya ko eka hI batAnA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| yadyapi paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne anubhaya aura avaktavya meM sAmyatA lAne kI koziza kI hai| unhoMne anubhaya aura avaktavya ko eka dUsare kA paryAyavAcI siddha kiyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM unakA nimna kathana draSTavya hai ki "anubhaya kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu ubhaya rUpa se vAcya nahIM arthAt vaha sat rUpa se vyAkaraNIya nahIM aura asadrUpa se bhI vyAkaraNIya nhiiN| ataeva anubhaya kA dUsarA paryAya avaktavya ho jAtA hai|"' punaH unhoMne isa avaktavya bhaGga kI prAcInatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki "dArzanika itihAsa meM ukta sApekSa avaktavyatva nayA nahIM hai / Rgveda ke RSi ne jagat ke Adi kAraNa ko sadUpa se aura asadUpa se avAcya mAnA, kyoMki unake sAmane do hI pakSa the| jabaki mANDUkya ne caturthapAda AtmA ko antaH prajJaH (vidhi), bahiSprajJaH (niSedha) aura ubhaya prajJaH (ubhaya) ina tInoM rUpa se avAcya mAnA, kyoMki unake sAmane AtmA ke ukta tInoM prakAra the| kintu mAdhyamika darzana ke agradUta nAgArjuna ne vastu ko catukoTivinirmukta kahakara avAcya mAnA; kyoMki unake sAmane vidhi, niSedha, ubhaya aura anubhaya ye cAra pakSa the| isa prakAra sApekSa avaktavyatA dArzanika itihAsa meM prasiddha hI hai / "2 ___ kintu avaktavya kI anubhaya se isa prakAra sAmyatA baiThAnA ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki avaktavya anubhaya nahIM hai| vaha to ubhaya pakSa kA hI sahArpaNa hai| avaktavya kA artha hI hai ubhaya pakSa ko svIkAra karate hue bhI unako yugapad rUpa se abhivyakti asaMbhava maannaa| jabaki anubhaya kA artha haivastu na asti rUpa hai, na nAsti rUpa aura na to ubhaya rUpa hI hai| ataH avaktavya aura anubhaya ke artha meM sAmyatA nahIM hai / avaktavya mAtra bhASAyI sImA ko sUcita karatA hai| jabaki anubhaya sattA ke tAtvika svarUpa ko sUcita karatA hai| AdaraNIya mAlavaNiyA jI ne anubhaya kA jo artha kiyA hai jaina dRSTikoNa se usakI vyAkhyA kA prayAsa to avazya hai kintu isa prayAsa meM vaha apane mUla artha se bhinna ho jAtA hai| isalie avaktavya ko anubhaya kA paryAyavAcI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / 1. Agama yuga kA jaina-darzana, pR0 95 / 2. vahI, pR0 96 /

Page #172
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 125 mukhya bAta yaha hai ki vastu ke vibhinna guNa-dharmoM athavA kisI eka guNa-dharma kA vidhi-niSedha eka hI prakathana ke dvArA sambhava nahIM hai / prakathana sadaiva kramika hI hotA hai yugapat nhiiN| Adhunika tarkazAstra yaha mAnatA hai ki uddezya ke jitane vidheya hote haiM ve saba alaga-alaga prakathana kI racanA karate haiM, aura ve sabhI prakathana yA to vidheyAtmaka hote haiM yA niSedhAtmaka kintu yugapat nhiiN| vastutaH vidhi aura niSedha rUpa prakathana svatantra hote hai| isIlie Adhunika tarkazAstra tarkavAkyoM ko vidheyAtmaka aura niSedhAtmaka do vargoM meM vibhakta karatA hai| isI bAta ko doharAte hue jaina-darzana bhI kahatA hai ki vastu ke ananta pakSa yA ananta vidheya haiM / isalie usake sambandha meM ananta prakathana kiye jA sakate haiN| ve sabhI prakathana yA to vidhimUlaka hote haiM yA niSedha mUlaka / kintu jyoM hI vidhi aura niSedha ko yugapat rUpa se kahane kI bAta AtI hai tyoM hI use avaktavya kahanA par3atA hai| avaktavya kA mahattva isIlie hai ki vaha vastu kI sApekSa vAcyatA aura sApekSa avAcyatA kA paricAyaka hai tathA bhASAyI abhivyakti kI sImA ko nirdhArita karatA hai| vaha pUrva ke tInoM bhaGgoM se isalie bhinna hai ki jahA~ prathama tIna bhaGga vastu kI sApekSa vAcyatA ko lekara astirUpa se vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate haiM, vahA~ yaha bhaGga eka hI vAkya meM aura samagratayA vastu kI avAcyatA ko sUcita karatA hai| isalie yaha pUrvokta tInoM bhaGgoM se bhinna aura navIna haiN| _ isI prakAra avaktavya ko advaitavedAnta kI anirvacanIyatA bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM-jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM vastu ke samagra svarUpa ko yugapatataH avAcya yA avarNanIya kahA gayA hai| ThIka usI prakAra sattA ke sandarbha meM advaitavedAntI zaGkarAcArya kA bhI mata hai| zaGkarAcArya ne bhI yaha mAnA hai ki sat, asat, eka aura aneka, guNavat aura aguNavat, savizeSa aura nivizeSa, sabIja aura nirbIja, sAkAra aura nirAkAra, zUnya aura azunya Adi sabhI valpanAyeM yahA~ taka ki sat, cit, Ananda Adi lakSaNa bhI usakI (paramatattva kI) vivecanA meM asamartha hI hai; kyoMki vaha tattva, vANI aura buddhi ke samasta pratyayoM se pare hai; unakI sImA se bAhara hai| isalie upaniSadoM ne use "neti" neti" kahakara paribhASita kiyA hai / kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki usakI sattA hI nahIM hai| usakI sattA hai kintu

Page #173
126 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA usa sattA kA vivecana bhAvAtmaka zabdoM ke dvArA sambhava nahIM hai| isalie vaha anirvacanIya hai| / nAgArjuna ne sattA ke svarUpa-vivecana meM catuSkoTi nyAya kI sthApanA kI thii| parantu zaMkara ne usa sandarbha meM isa catuSkoTi nyAya kA bhI niSedha karake kahA ki jaba caramatattva ko mAnasika pratyayoM meM bA~dhA ho nahIM jA sakatA aura vANI se usakI abhivyakti sambhava hI nahIM hai taba use catukoTi nyAya kA viSaya kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai ? ataH vaha isa catukoTi nyAya se bhI pare hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki usa tattva ke sandarbha meM kisI prakAra bhI kucha kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu jaina mata isake viparIta hai / jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra tattva vivecya avazya hai kintu kramazaH, akramazaH nhiiN| yadyapi tattva ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura usake usa ananta dharma kA jJAna sAdhAraNa mAnava ke lie asambhava hai| jisake phalasvarUpa eka sAdhAraNa mAnava tatva ke samagra svarUpa ke vivecana meM asamartha hai| kintu sarvajJa ko to usakA pUrNataH jJAna hotA hI hai| isalie vaha to usake vivecana meM samartha hI hogaa| lekina jaba tattva ke una guNa-dharmoM ko yugapatataH kahane kI bAta AtI hai to vahA~ sarvajJa bhI asamartha hI ho jAtA hai| vastutaH vaha bhI use avaktavya yA avAcya hI kahatA hai / isa prakAra jahA~ advaitavedAnta tattva kI anirvacanIyatA kA kAraNa usake svarUpa ko mAnatA hai vahA~ jaina-dhAraNA avaktavyatA kA kAraNa bhASA kI akSamatA ko mAnatI hai| astu, advaita-vedAnta sammata anirvacanIya aura jaina-sammata avaktavya ko eka kahanA bahuta bar3I bhUla hai| ina donoM meM bahuta bar3A antara hai| 1. advaita vedAnta sammata anirvacanIyatA viSayogata hai; kyoMki vaha viSayI arthAt caramatattva ke svarUpa ko hI anirvacanIya kahatI hai jabaki jaina-avaktavyatA bhAvAtmaka hai; kyoMki yaha yugapat kathana meM bhASA kI asamarthatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| 2. anirvacanIyatA nirapekSa hai, kyoMki yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki tattva kathamapi vivecya nahIM hai| kintu avaktavya bhaMga sApekSa hai| yaha tattva ko sApekSataH vAcya aura sApekSataH avAcya batAtA hai| 3. anirvacanIyatA eka niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa hai; kyoMki yaha usake niSedha ke atirikta usa sandarbha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahatI hai /

Page #174
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 127 jabaki avaktavya kisI sImA taka niSedha rUpa hai aura kisI sImA taka vidheya rUpa bhI hai; kyoMki vaha tattva ko avaktavya ke sAtha hI vaktavya bhI kahatA hai / kintu yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina darzana meM avaktavyatA ( avAcyatA) ko bhI do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai -- (1) sApekSa avaktavyatA (2) nirapekSa avaktavyatA nirapekSa avaktavyatA vastu ko svarUpataH anirvacanIya yA avAcya mAnatI hai / usake anusAra bhASA sattA ko abhivyakta karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai / jabaki sApekSa avaktavyatA sattA ko kisI sImA taka vAcya bhI mAnatI hai / vaha kevala yaha batAtI hai ki sattA kA kramapUrvaka pratipAdana sambhava hai yugapat rUpa se nahIM / sattA ke vividha pahaluoM kA pRthak-pRthak vivecana to sambhava hai / kintu samagra sattA kA vivecana bhASA kI apanI sImA ke kAraNa sambhava nahIM hai | isa prakAra upaniSad kAla taka prakAza meM Aye hue cAroM pakSa nimnalikhita haiM : (1) sat (vidhipakSa ), (2) asat (niSedhapakSa ), (3) sadasat ( ubhayapakSa ), (4) anubhava (avaktavyapakSa ) | tattva ke viSaya meM uparyukta cAroM pakSoM kA upaniSad meM hI pracalita nahIM thA, apitu inakA prayoga mAtra Rgveda aura isI artha meM spaSTa prayoga bauddha tripiTaka grantha meM bhI avalokanIya hai / buddha ne loka kI sAntatAanantatA, nityatA- anityatA Adi praznoM ke viSaya meM use avyAkRta kahA thA / una avyAkRta praznoM kI kathana zailI bhI vaisI hI thI jaisI ki upaniSad kAla taka sthira hue cAroM pakSoM kI thii| jisakI spaSTatA adholikhita buddha ke avyAkRta praznoM se ho jAtI hai : (1) hoti tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ? (2) na hoti tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ? (3) hoti ca na hoti ca tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ?

Page #175
128 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA (4) neva hoti na na hoti tathAgato paraMmaraNAti ?" ina praznoM ke atirikta ukta pakSoM ko siddha karane vAle aura bhI aise avyAkRta prazna tripiTaka granthoM meM upalabdha haiM. -- (1) sayaMkataM dukkhaMti ? (2) paraMkataM dukkhati ? (3) sayaMkataM paraMkataM ca dukkhaMti ? (4) asayaMkAraM aparaMkAraM dukkhati ? isI prakAra tripiTaka meM saMjaya belaTThiputta ke mata kA jo varNana milatA hai usameM bhI inhIM cAroM pakSoM kA nirUpaNa hai / kintu saMjaya belaTThaputta eka saMzayavAdI dArzanika haiM / ve buddha se eka kadama Age bar3hakara kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM spaSTataH na hA~ kahanA cAhate haiM aura na nA kahanA cAhate haiM / na use vyAkRta batAte haiM aura na avyAkRta batAte haiM / ve kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM koI bhI nizcita nirNaya denA nahIM cAhate haiM / unake anusAra sImita avasthA meM rahate hue sImA se bAhara ke tattva kA nirNaya karanA hamAre sAmarthya se pare hai| dIghanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki "mahArAja ! yadi Apa pUcheM, "kyA paraloka hai ? aura yadi maiM samajhaiM ki paraloka hai, to Apako batalAU~ ki paraloka hai / maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM dUsarI taraha se bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki "yaha nahIM hai" maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki "paraloka nahIM hai" aisA nahIM hai / paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai, ayonija ( = aupapAtika) prANI haiM, ayonija prANI nahIM haiM, haiM bhI aura nahIM bhI, na haiM aura na nahIM haiM, acche-bure kAma ke phala haiM, nahIM haiM, haiM bhI aura nahIM bhI, na haiM aura na nahIM haiM ? tathAgata marane ke bAda hote haiM nahIM hote haiM ? yadi mujhe aisA pUcheM, aura maiM aisA samajhaiM ki marane ke bAda tathAgata na rahate haiM aura na nahIM rahate haiM, to maiM aisA Apako khuuN| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, meM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA / arthAt isa sambandha meM vaha kucha bhI nahIM kahatA / yaha kucha na kahanA hameM kisa tarapha le jAtA hai ? nizcaya hI 1. saMyukta nikAya, 44 / 2 vahI / 3. dIghanikAya bhAga 1, sAmaJJaphalasutta / ( anuvAdaka paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ) /

Page #176
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 129 aise kathanoM meM anizcayAtmakatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, isameM saMzayAtmakatA kA bAhulya hotA hai| yadyapi saMjayabelaTriputta saMzayavAdI dArzanika haiM, tathApi unakA saMzayavAdI vicAra unhIM cAroM koTiyoM ke dvArA mukharita hotA hai| isIlie paNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana Adi vicArakoM ne saMjaya kI varNana-zailI ko syAdvAda kA AdhAra mAna liyA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM unakA vicAra avalokanIya hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "Adhunika jaina-darzana kA AdhAra "syAdvAda" hai, jo mAlUma hotA hai saMjayabelaTTiputta ke cAra aMgavAle anekAntavAda ko lekara use sAta aMgavAlA kiyA gayA hai| rAhula jI saMjaya ke jina kathanoM se syAdvAda kI tulanA karanA cAhate haiM unake ve kathana nimnalikhita (1) hai ?-nahIM kaha sakatA, (2) nahIM hai ?-nahIM kaha sakatA, (3) hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ? nahIM kaha sakatA, (4) na hai aura na nahIM hai ?-nahIM kaha sktaa| paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke anusAra saMjaya ke inhIM cAroM kathanoM se saptabhaMgI kI utpatti huI hai| unhoMne ina cAroM kathanoM se saptabhaMgI kI tulanA karate hue nimnalikhita vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai isakI tulanA kIjie jainoM ke sAta prakAra ke syAdvAda se(1) hai ?-ho sakatA hai ( syAta asti ) (2) nahIM hai ?- nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai (syAt nAsti) (3) hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ?-hai bhI, ho sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA haiM (syAdasti ca nAsti ca) ukta tInoM uttara kyA kahe jA sakate (= vaktavya haiM) ? isakA uttara jaina "nahIM" meM dete haiN| (4) "syAt" ( ho sakatA hai) kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA (=vaktavya) hai ?-nahIM, syAt avaktavya hai| 1. darzana-digdarzana, pR0 496 2. vhii|

Page #177
130 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA (5) "syAt asti" kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, "syAt asti" avaktavya hai| (6) "syAt nAsti" kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM "syAt nAsti" avaktavya hai| (7) "syAt asti ca nAsti ca" kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, "syAt asti ca nAsti ca" avaktavya hai| donoM ke milAne se mAlama hogA ki jainoM ne saMjaya ke pahale vAle tIna vAkyoM (prazna aura uttara donoM) ko alaga karake apane syAdvAda kI chaha bhaMgiyA~ banAI haiM, aura usake cauthe vAkya "na hai aura nahIM hai" ko chor3a kara "syAt" bhI avaktavya hai yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga taiyAra kara apanI saptabhaMgI pUrI kii|" ___isa prakAra rAhula jI yaha siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki jainoM ne apanI saptabhaMgI ko saMjayabelaTTiputta se udhAra liyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki "isa prakAra eka bhI siddhAnta ( = vAda) kI sthApanA na karanA, jo ki saMjaya kA vAda thA, usI ko saMjaya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAne para, jainoM ne apanA liyA, aura usakI catubhaMgI nyAya ko saptabhaMgI meM pariNata kara diyaa|"2 kintu vastusthiti aisI nahIM hai| jaina-darzana ke saptabhaMgI aura saMjaya ke catubhaMgI meM bahuta antara hai| jahA~ jaina-saptabhaMgI svIkArAtmaka hai, vahIM saMjaya ko catubhaMgI niSedha-paraka hai| isIlie jainasaptabhaMgI aura saMjaya ke caturbhagI meM koI samAnatA nahIM hai| yadi sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAya to aisA pratIta hogA ki saMjaya kevala niSedha para hI bala dete haiM, kyoMki ve sabhI praznoM ke uttara meM mAtra yahI kahate haiM ki "aisA nahIM hai"| uparyukta cAroM bhaMga unake apane nahIM haiN| pratyuta kisI bhI samasyA ke sandarbha meM uThane vAle cAra vikalpa haiM, jinakA uttara ve niSedhamukha se dete haiN| ___ yaha ThIka hai ki jaina-saptabhaGgI nyAya kA vikAsa isI catuSkoTi nyAya se huA hai kintu catuSkoTi nyAya kI yaha paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| vaha apane mUla rUpa meM vedoM, upaniSadoM aura bauddha-tripiTaka granthoM meM upalabdha 1. darzana-digdarzana, pR0 496-97. 2. vhii|

Page #178
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 131 hotI hai| ataH use saMjayabelaThThiputta kA maulika yogadAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| prazna ke saMdarbha meM upasthita ina cAra vikalpoM kA uttara to saMjaya niSedha rUpa se dete haiN| jabaki jaina-darzana unakA uttara vidhi-mukha se detA hai| pratyeka vikalpa ke sambandha meM saMjaya kahate haiM ki "aisA bhI nahIM hai", "vaisA bhI nahIM hai", "anyathA bhI nahIM hai" jaba ki jaina-paramparA kahatI hai ki "aisA bhI hai", "vaisA bhI hai", "anyathA bhI hai" | ataH jaina-saptabhaGgI ko saMjaya kI caturbhaGgI se niSpanna batAnA sarvathA anucita hai| isa prazna ke saMdarbha meM pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina ne bar3I gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "buddha aura saMjaya hI kyA, usa samaya ke vAtAvaraNa meM AtmA, loka, paraloka aura mukti ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya yA avaktavya ye cAra koTiyA~ gaMjatI thiiN| jisa prakAra Aja kA rAjanaitika prazna "majadUra aura mAlika' zoSya aura zoSaka ke dvandva kI chAyA meM hI sAmane AtA hai, usI prakAra usa samaya ke AtmAdi atIndriya padArtha-viSayaka prazna catuSkoTi meM hI pUche jAte the| veda aura upaniSad meM isa catuSkoTi ke darzana barAbara hote haiM / "yaha vizva sat se huA yA asat se ? yaha sat hai yA asat yA ubhaya yA anirvacanIya" ye prazna jaba sahasroM varSa se pracalita rahe haiM taba rAhula jI kA syAdvAda ke viSaya meM yaha phatavA de denA ki "saMjaya ke praznoM ke zabdoM se yA usakI caturbhaGgI ko tor3a-maror3a kara saptabhaGgI bano"-kahA~ taka ucita hai, isakA ve svayaM vicAra kreN|" eka anya bAta yaha bhI hai ki paraloka, devatA, karmaphala aura mukti ke sambandha meM saMjaya ke vicAra anizcayavAdI haiM, kyoMki ve ina saMdarbho meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki "yadi mujhase aisA pUche, to maiM yadi aisA samajhatA hoU~...." to aisA Apa ko kaha" / arthAt isa viSaya meM unakA koI nizcita abhiprAya nahIM hai| jabaki buddha aise praznoM ko avyAkRta kahate haiM aura unake avyAkRta kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye sAdhanA ke lie anupayogI haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "inake bAre meM kucha kahanA sArthaka nahIM, bhikSucaryA ke lie upayogI nahIM, na yaha nirveda ke lie, na nirodha ke lie; na 1. jaina-darzana, pR0 386-87 / 2. darzana-digdarzana, pR0 491 /

Page #179
132 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA zAnti ke lie, na paramajJAna ke lie aura na to nirvANa ke lie hI Avazyaka hai, arthAt buddha spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahanA cAhate haiM ki ina sabhI ulajhanoM meM par3anA bhikSu ke lie apekSita nahIM hai| ___ isake viparIta mahAvIra na to saMjaya kI taraha anizcayAtmaka uttara denA cAhate the aura na buddha kI taraha unheM avyAkRta kahakara apanA pIchA hI chur3AnA cAhate the| pratyuta mahAvIra loka, paraloka, AtmA, karmaphala aura mukti sambandhI sabhI praznoM kA uttara vidhAyaka rUpa se dete the| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina-saptabhaGgI kA mUlAdhAra mahAvIra kA vidhAyaka dRSTikoNa hai / saptabhaGgI apane pratyeka bhaGga meM svIkArAtmaka pakSa kA hI Azraya letI hai| saMjaya aura buddha jina praznoM kA uttara vidhimukha se nahIM dete haiM, jina praznoM kA uttara saMjaya niSedha-mukha se dete haiM aura buddha jinheM avyAkRta kahate haiM unhIM praznoM kA saptabhaGgI vidhi-mukha se yathocit aura yuktisaGgata uttara detI hai / isa tathya ko pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina dvArA dI gaI sAraNI se acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai' prazna saMjaya buddha mahAvIra 1. kyA loka maiM jAnatA hoU~, inakA jAnanA hA~, loka dravyadRSTi se zAzvata to batAU~ ? anupayogI hai, zAzvata hai| isake (anizcaya, (avyAkaraNIya, kisI bhI sat kA ajJAna) akathanIya) sarvathA nAza nahIM ho sakatA, na kisI asat se naye sat kA utpAda hI saMbhava hai| 2. kyA loka maiM jAnatA hoU~, inakA jAnanA hA~, loka apane azAzvata to batAU~ anupayogI hai, pratikSaNabhAvI pariNa (anizcaya, (avyAkaraNIya, manoM kI dRSTi se ajJAta) akathanIya) azAzvata hai| koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa Thaharane vAlA nahIM hai| 1. draSTavya-jaina-darzana, pR0 389 /

Page #180
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 133 3. kyA loka maiM jAnatA hoU~, inakA jAnanA hA~, loka donoM dRSTizAzvata to batAU~ anupayogI hai, yoM se kramazaH vicAra aura azA- (anizcaya, avyAkaraNIya, karane para zAzvata bhI zvata hai ? ajJAta) akathanIya) hai aura azAzvata bhI 4. kyA loka maiM jAnatA hoU~, avyAkRta donoM rUpa to batAU~ (ajJAta, nahIM haiM, anizcaya) anubhaya hai? hAM, aisA koI zabda nahIM, jo loka ke paripUrNasvarUpako eka sAtha samagrabhAva se kaha sake, ataH pUrNa rUpase vastu anubhaya hai, avaktavya hai| isake sAtha hI, syAt zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana bhI vahI truTi kiye haiM jo pUrva ke AcAryoM ne kiyA thaa| jaina-bauddha darzana aura pAlI-prAkRta bhASA ke achUte loga yadi isa taraha kI truTi kareM to kareM, para yadi ina viSayoM ke marmajJa loga bhI isa taraha kI truTi karate raheM to phira unameM sudhAra kaise lAyA jA sakatA hai| paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne bhI "syAt" zabda kA "ho sakatA hai" artha kiyA hai| jo ki jaina-darzana ko vAMchanIya nahIM hai| isakA pUrNataH vivecana hamane pichale adhyAya meM kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ko saptabhaGgI ke viSaya meM koI spaSTa jJAna nahIM hai| isalie bhI ve saptabhaGgI ko saMjaya ke caturbhaGgI se niSpanna batAnA cAhate haiM jo ki sarvathA anucita hai / yaha satya hai ki jaina-darzana kI saptabhaGgI caturbhaGgI se hI vikasita huI hai| phira bhI usakI apanI eka maulika dRSTi hai, jo na to saMjayabelaTTiputta ke darzana meM upalabdha hai aura na buddha ke cintana meM / usa catubhaMgI kA ullekha jaina-AgamoM meM bhI hai| ise nimnalikhita uddharaNa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai :(1) 1- AtmArambha 2-parArambha 1. dekhie, darzana-digdarzana, pR0 497 /

Page #181
134 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA 3- tadubhayArambha 4- anArambha -bhagavatI bhAga 1,1:1 : 47 / 1- guru 2- laghu 3- guru-laghu 4- aguru-laghu -bhagavatI bhAga 1,1:9 : 289 / 1- satya 2- mRSA 3- satyamRSA 4- asatyamRSA -bhagavatI bhAga 5, 13 : 7 : 12 / 1- AtmAMtakara 2- parAMtakara 3- AtmaparAMtakara 4- noAtmAMtakara-parAMtakara -sthAnAMga 287, 289, 327, 344, 355, 365 / isa prakAra hamane uparyukta vivecana meM dekhA ki tattva ke viSaya meM ina cAra [sat, asat, sadasat (ubhaya) aura anubhaya] pakSoM ke prayoga kI paramparA Rgveda se lekara mahAvIra ke samaya taka calI AyI hai jinakA spaSTIkaraNa uparyukta udAharaNoM meM ho cukA hai aura mahAvIra ne mAtra unhIM pakSoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai jo vedoM meM A cuke the aura unhoMne jina naye pakSoM ko diyA hai ve mAtra unhIM ke saMyoga haiN| unameM antara sirpha itanA hI hai ki Rgvaidika evaM upaniSadkAlIna RSiyoM ne tattva ke viSaya meM kevala eka-eka pakSa kA hI samarthana kiyA thaa| pratyeka pakSa ko svatantra rUpa se mAnane vAle bhinna-bhinna RSi the, arthAt pratyeka pakSa kI apanI alaga-alaga vicAradhArAyeM thiiN| jabaki mahAvIra ne eka hI tattva ko ukta sabhI dRSTiyoM (pakSoM) se dekhA hai / paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA kA kahanA hai ki "upaniSadoM meM mANDUkya ko chor3akara kisI eka RSi ne ukta cAroM pakSoM ko svIkRta nahIM kiyaa| kisI ne sat pakSa ko, kisI ne asat pakSa

Page #182
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI ko, kisI ne ubhaya pakSa ko to kisI ne anubhaya pakSa ko svIkRta kiyA hai, jabaki mANDUkya ne AtmA ke viSaya meM cAroM pakSoM ko svIkRta kiyA hai aura isI prakAra buddha ke cAroM avyAkRta praznoM ke viSaya meM to spaSTa hI hai ki buddha una praznoM kA koI hA~ yA nA meM uttara hI denA nahIM cAhate the, ataeva ve prazna avyAkRta khlaaye| isake viruddha mahAvIra ne cAroM pakSoM kA samanvaya karake sabhI pakSoM ko apekSAbheda se svIkAra kiyA hai|' isa prakAra mahAvIra aupaniSadika vidhAna ke anusAra ho cAroM pakSoM ko svIkAra kara apanI samanvayAtmaka pravRtti ko Age bar3hAyA aura usI ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI kI yojanA kii| aba yadi koI yaha kahe ki isa samanvayAtmaka pravRtti kA AdhAra kyA hai ? to isake lie hameM punaH unhIM prAcIna paramparA kA anumodana aura vizleSaNa karanA hogA, jisa Rgvaidika paramparA kA ullekha hamane pIche kiyA hai, usakA spaSTa vizleSaNAtmaka TippaNI paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "Rgveda se buddha paryanta jo vicAradhArA pravAhita huI hai, usakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAye to pratIta hotA hai ki prathama eka pakSa upasthita huA jaise sat yA asat kaa| usake virodha meM vipakSa upasthita huA asat yA sat kA / taba kisI ne do virodhI bhAvanAoM ko samanvita karane kI dRSTi se kaha diyA ki tattva na sat kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asat, vaha to avaktavya hai, aura kisI dUsare ne do virodhI pakSoM ko milAkara kaha diyA ki vaha sadasat hai| vastutaH vicAradhArA ke uparyukta pakSa, vipakSa aura samanvaya ye tIna kramika sopAna haiM / "2 kintu samanvaya kI yaha vicAradhArA yahIM samApta nahIM ho jAtI, vaha punaH pravAhita hotI hai| ise paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke hI zabdoM meM dekhiye-"kintu samanvaya paryanta A jAne ke bAda phira se samanvaya ko hI eka pakSa banAkara vicAradhArA Age calatI hai, jisase samanvaya kA bhI eka vipakSa upasthita hotA hai aura phira naye pakSa aura vipakSa ke samanvaya kI AvazyakatA hotI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba vastu kI avaktavyatA meM sat aura asat kA samanvaya huA, taba vaha bhI ekAnta pakSa bana gyaa| saMsAra ko gatividhi ho kucha aisI hai, manuSya kA mana hI kucha aisA hai ki use ekAnta sahya nahaH / 1. Agama yuga kA jaina-darzana, pR0 101. 2. vahI, pR0 102.

Page #183
136 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ataeva vastu kI aikAntika avaktavyatA ke viruddha bhI eka vipakSa utthita huA ki vastu aikAntika avaktavya nahIM, usakA varNana bhI zakya hai. isI prakAra samanvayavAdI ne jaba vastu ko sadasat kahA, taba usakA vaha samanvaya bhI eka pakSa bana gayA aura svabhAvataH usake virodha meM vipakSa kA utthAna huaa| ataeva kisI ne kahA eka hI vastU sadasat kaise ho sakatI hai usameM virodha hai; jahA~ virodha hotA hai, vahA~ saMzaya upasthita hotA hai jisa viSaya meM saMzaya ho, vahA~ usakA jJAna samyak jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| ataeva mAnanA cAhie ki vastu kA samyak jJAna nhiiN| hama use aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate, vaisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate / isa saMzaya yA ajJAna kA tAtparya vastu kI ajJeyatA-anirNayatA evaM avAcyatA meM jAna par3atA hai| yadi virodhI matoM kA samanvaya ekAnta dRSTi se kiyA jAye, taba to pakSavipakSa samanvaya kA cakra anivArya hai| isI cakra ko bhedane kA mArga mahAvIra ne batAyA hai| isake sAmane pakSa-vipakSa-samanvaya aura samanvaya kA bhI vipakSa upasthita thA / yadi ve aisA samanvaya karate jo phira eka pakSa kA rUpa le le, taba to pakSa-vipakSa-samanvaya ke cakra kI gati nahIM ruktii| isI se unhoMne samanvaya kA eka nayA mArga liyA, jisase vaha samanvaya svayaM Age jAkara eka naye vipakSa kA avakAza na de ske|"" vastutaH mahAvIra kI samanvaya pravRtti svatantra yA nirapekSa nahIM hai| unake samanvayAtmaka cintana meM sabhI virodhI pakSoM kA yathocita sthAna hai| ve apanI samanvaya paddhati meM sabhI virodhI-avirodhI pakSoM ko samAhita karate haiN| ataeva unakA samanvaya sabhI virodhI-avirodhI pakSoM kA sammelana mAtra hai| unhoMne pratyeka pakSa kI saccAI para dhyAna diyA aura pratyeka pakSa ko yathAyogya sthAna diyaa| unake samaya taka jitane bhI virodhIavirodhI pakSa the una sabako satya btaayaa| mahAvIra ke dRSTikoNa se sampUrNa satya kA darzana to una sabhI virodhoM ke milane se ho ho sakatA hai pArasparika nirAsa se nhiiN| sabhI pakSa apanI-apanI dRSTi se satya haiM aura unhIM saba dRSTiyoM ke samucita samanvaya se vastu ke svarUpa kA AbhAsa hotA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra ne apanI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi se vastu ko yathArthatA ko dekhane kA prayatna kiyaa| ataH unakA yaha samanvaya vyApaka hai| yaha sabhI virodhI pakSoM ko samAhita karatA hai, AtmasAt karatA hai| 1. Agama yuga jana-darzana, pR0 102-103.

Page #184
jaina nyAya meM sastabhaMgI 137 isI apanI samanvayAtmaka vizAla evaM udAra tatva dRSTi se mahAvIra ne vastu ke virAT svarUpa ko dekhaa| eka bAra gautama ne mahAvIra se pUchA ki bhagavan ! ratnaprabhA pRthvo astitvavAn hai yA nahIM? taba isa prazna ke uttarasvarUpa mahAvIra ne kahA ki 1-ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAt astitvavAn hai / 2-ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAt astitvavAn nahIM hai| 3-ratnaprabhA pRthvI syAt avaktavya hai / eka hI tattva ke viSaya meM ina tIna uttaroM ko sunakara gautama ne punaH pUchA ki bhagavan yaha kaise ? taba unhoMne kahA ki 1-ratnaprabhA pRthvI sva-svarUpa ko apekSA se astitvavAn hai / 2-ratnaprabhA pRthvI para-padArtha ke svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai| 3. ratnaprabhA pRthvI tadubhaya kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isI prakAra gautama ne jaba anya pRthviyoM, devalokoM Adi ke viSaya meM pUchA to mahAvIra ne una sabhI praznoM ke viSaya meM bho usI prakAra uttara diyA thaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina-darzana ke yahI tona mula bhaMga haiN| inhIM tInoM mUlabhUta bhaMgoM ke saMyoga se saptabhaMgI taiyAra kI gayo hai| jainadArzanikoM ne gaNitazAstra ke AdhAra para bhI yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki saptabhaMgI meM mUlabhUta bhaMga tIna hI haiM aura unhIM tona bhaMgoM ke saMyoga se saptabhaMgI banI hai| yadyapi vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka haiM aura una ananta dharmoM ke saMdarbha meM anantabhaMga bana sakate haiM kintu una ananta bhaMgoM kA samAveza inhIM sAtoM bhaMgoM ke antargata ho jAtA hai| bhale hI ve ananta bhaMga kucha na kucha navInatA pradAna kareM kintu unheM pUrNataH svatantra bhaMga nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki yadi tIna hI mUlabhUta bhaMgoM kA saMyoga saptabhaMgI meM haiM to vAstava meM unake saMyoga se banane vAle bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA sAta hI hogii| na to usase kama aura na to usase adhika hI hogI / jaina-AcAryoM ne kahA bhI hai ki "mUla bhaMga to tIna hI haiM-sat, asat aura avaktavya / gaNita ke niyama ke anusAra tIna saMkhyAoM ke saMyoga se banane vAle apunarukta vikalpa sAta hI ho sakate hai, adhika nhiiN| jaise soMTha, miraca aura popala ke pratyeka tIna vikalpa aura dvisaMyogI tIna-(soMTha-miraca, soTha-pIpala

Page #185
138 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA aura miraca - pIpala) tathA eka trisaMyogI ( soMTha, miraca aura pIpala milAkara) / isa taraha apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho sakate haiM, usI taraha sat asat aura anubhaya (avaktavya) ke apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho sakate haiM / " aba prazna yaha hai ki jaba vastu ke sambandha meM apunarukta kathana sAta hI ho sakate haiM taba use saptadharmI hI kyoM nahIM kahA jAtA hai ? use anantadharmAtmaka kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM DaoN0 mahendra kumAra jaina ne kahA hai ki ( vastu ke) eka-eka dharma ko kendra meM rakhakara usake pratipakSI virodhI dharma ke sAtha vastu ke vAstavika rUpa yA zabda kI asAmarthyajanya avaktavyatA ko milAkara sAta bhaMgoM kI kalpanA hotI hai / aise asaMkhya sAta-sAta bhaMga pratyeka dharma kI apekSA se vastu meM saMbhava hai / isalie vastu ko saptadharmA na kahakara ( use ) anantadharmA yA anekAntAtmaka kahA gayA hai / jaba hama astitva dharma kA vicAra karate haiM to astitva viSayaka sAta bhaGga banate haiM aura jaba nityatva dharma kI vivecanA karate haiM to nityatva ko kendra meM rakhakara sAta bhaGga bana jAte haiM / isa taraha asaMkhya sAta-sAta bhaGga vastu meM saMbhava haiM / saptabhaGgI naya pradIpa prakaraNa meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi anantadharmayukta padArtha ananta haiM tathApi eka padArtha meM eka dharma kI vivakSA se prazna sAta prakAra ke hote haiM aura una praznoM ke uttara hetu eka hI saptabhaGgI hotI hai aura eka dharma kI vivakSA se eka saptabhaGgI hotI hai to anantadharma kI vivakSA se ananta saptabhaGgI hogI, yadi aisI AzaMkA kI jAya to yaha bAta jaina darzana ko svokAra hI hai / jaina-darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki eka dharmI meM yadi ananta dharma haiM aura eka dharma kI vivakSA se eka saptabhaGgI banatI hai to ananta dharma kI vivakSA se ananta saptabhaGgI banegI hI / yahI saptabhaGgI kI anantatA hai / 1. jaina darzanada, pR0 375 2. vahI / 3. yadyapyanantadharmAdhyAsitA anantA eva padArthAH, tathA'pyekasmin padArthe eka dharmamadhikRtya praznAH saptaiveti paduttaravAkyarUpA ekaiva saptabhaGgI bhavatIti niyamaH, / yadyekadharmavivakSayA ekA saptabhaGgI, tahi ananta dharmavivakSayA anantA saptabhaGgayapi syAdityatreSTApattimAha- anantadharmavivakSayeti - ekatra dharmiNi yAvanto dharmAstatra pratyeka dharmavivakSayA ekaika saptabhaGgIsambhave tAvatyaH saptabhaGgayaH syurevetyarthaH / etat tu saptabhaGgInAmanantatvaM punaH / saptabhaGgI - nayapradIpaprakaraNam, pR0 8.

Page #186
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 139 yahA~ yadi yaha AzaMkA kI jAya ki jaba uparyukta mala bhaMgoM ko jor3a kara hI saptabhaMgI taiyAra karanI hai to aise bhaMga sAta hI kyoM, ve to ananta ho sakate haiM ? kintu yaha AzaMkA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba vastu ke kisI eka dharma ko lakSya karake vidhi-niSedha rUpa bhaMga taiyAra kiye jA~ya to bhaMga sAta hI hoMge aura yadi vastu ke pratyeka dharma ko lakSya karake bhaMga banAye jA~ya taba to bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA ananta hogI hii| isa saMdarbha meM jaina-darzana bhI vicAra karatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM paramANu ke astitva viSayaka praznoM ke saMdarbha meM dvi-pradezI, tri-pradezI, cAra-pradezI, paMca-pradezI, aura SaT-pradezI skandhoM ko lekara bhaMga banAye gaye haiM unake kucha saMdarbha nimnalikhita haiM : dvi-pradezI skandhoM ke astitva ke viSaya meM mahAvIra ne jina cha: bhaMgoM dvArA uttara diyA thA ve ye haiM (1) dvi-pradezI skandha sva-svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAna haiN| (2) dvi-pradezI skandha para-svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiN| (3) dvi-pradezI skandha tadubhaya kI apekSA se avaktavya haiN| (4) dvi-pradezI skandha kA eka aMza (sadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura dUsare aMza (asadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna nahIM hai| ataH dvi-pradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura astitvavAn nahIM bhI hai| (5) dvi-pradezI skandha eka aMza (saddhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura dUsare aMza (tadubhaya) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataeva dvipradezI skandha astitvavAn hai bhI aura avaktavya bhI hai| (6) dvi-pradezI skandha eka aMza (asadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura dUsare aMza (tadubhaya) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataH dvi-pradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya bhI hai| isake pazcAt tri-pradezI skandha ke viSaya meM prazna pUchane para unhoMne nimnalikhita bhaMgoM ke rUpa meM uttara diyA thA : (1) tri-pradezI skandha sva-catuSTaya kI apekSA se astitvavAn haiM / (2) tri-pradezI skandha para-catuSTaya kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiN| (3) tri-pradezI skandha tadubhaya kI apekSA se avaktavya haiN|

Page #187
140 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA (4) tri-pradezI skandha eka aMza (sadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se to astitvavAn haiM kintu eka aMza (asadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai, isalie tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAn haiM bhI aura astitvavAn nahIM bhI haiN| (5) tri-pradezI skandha eka aMza (saddhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna haiM aura do aMzoM (asadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiN| ataH tri-pradezo skandha astitvavAna haiM aura do asadbhAvaparyAyoM kI apekSA se nahIM haiN| (6) tri-pradezI skandha do aMza (sadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna haiM aura eka aMza (asadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se nahIM hai / ataeva tri-pradezI skandha do sadbhAvaparyAyoM kI apekSA se to astitvavAn haiM lekina eka asadbhAva paryAyoM kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiN| ___ (7) tri-pradezI skandha eka aMza (sadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura dUsare aMza (tadubhaya) ko apekSA se avaktavya haiM / ataH tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAna haiM aura avaktavya haiM / (8) tri-pradezI skandha eka aMza (sadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna haiM aura do aMza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya haiN| ataeva tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAna haiM bhI aura avaktavya haiM / (9) tri-pradezo skandha do deza (sadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvAn haiM aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) ko apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiM / isalie tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAna haiM aura abaktavya haiM / (10) tri-pradezI skandha eka deza (asadbhAvaparyAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiM aura dUsare deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya haiM / ataeva tri-pradezo skandha astitvavAn nahIM bhI haiM aura avaktavya haiN| (11) tri-pradezI skandha eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiM aura do deza (tabhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataH tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (12) tri-pradezI skandha do deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) ko apekSA se

Page #188
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 141 avaktavya hai| ataH tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM haiM aura avaktavya hai| (13) tri-pradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna hai aura eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai tathA eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataeva tri-pradezI skandha astitvavAna hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| isa prakAra tri-pradezI skandha ke viSaya meM kula 13 bhaMga hue| isI prakAra catuSpradezI skandha ke viSaya meM mahAvIra ne 19 bhaMgoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai jo adholikhita haiM : (1) catuSpradezI skandha sva-svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAna hai| (2) catuSpradezI skandha para-svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai / (3) catuSpradezI skandha tadubhaya kI apekSA se avaktavya haiN| (4) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura dUsare deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai / ataH catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura nahIM hai / (5) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura aneka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai / isalie catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAna hai aura nahIM hai / (6) catuSpradezI skandha aneka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitva vAn nahIM hai / ataH catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura nahIM hai / (7) catuSpradezI skandha do deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai / ataH catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura nahIM hai / (8) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataeva catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAna hai aura avaktavya hai / (9) catuSpradezI svandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura aneka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya haiN| ataH catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya haiM /

Page #189
142 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA __ (10) catuSpradezI skandha aneka deza sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka baiza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataeva catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai| (11) catuSpradezI skandha do deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apakSA se astitvavAn hai aura do deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataH catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai / (12) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiM aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isalie catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (13) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura aneka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya haiM / ataeva catuSpradezo skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (14) catuSpradezI skandha aneka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM haiM aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataH catuSpradezo skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (15) catuSpradezI skandha do deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura do deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isalie catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (16) catuSpradezo skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) ko apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai tathA eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataeva catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (17) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) ko apekSA se astitvavAn hai, eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura do deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataH catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai ora avaktavya hai| (18) catuSpradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astittvavAn hai, do deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) ko apekSA se avaktavya hai| isa

Page #190
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 143 lie catuSpradezI skandha, astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (19) catuSpradezI skandha do deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai, eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) ko apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataeva catuSpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai|| ___ isI prakAra paMca pradezI skandhoM ke sandarbha meM mahAvIra ne kula 22 bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA prastuta kI hai / ve isa prakAra haiM :(1) paMcapradezI skandha sva-svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai / (2) paMcapradezI skandha para-svarUpa kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai| (3) paMcapradezI skandha tadubhaya kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| (4) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza ( asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai / isalie paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura nahIM hai| (5) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura aneka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai / ataeva paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura nahIM hai|| (6) paMcapradezI skandha aneka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna hai aura eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai ataH paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAna hai aura nahIM hai| (7) paMcapradezI skandha do yA tIna deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura do yA tIna deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai| isalie paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura nahIM hai| (8) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataeva paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai| (9) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura aneka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya

Page #191
144 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA hai | ataH paMcapradezI svandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai / (10) paMcapradezI svandha aneka deza ( sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isalie paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai / (11) paMcapradezI skandha do yA tIna deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura do yA tIna ( tadubhaya paryAyoM ) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataeva paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai / (12) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avatavya hai / ataH paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai / (13) paMcapradezI svandha eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura aneka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isalie paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (14) paMcapradezI skandha aneka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataeva paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (15) paMcapradezI skandha do yA tIna deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura tIna yA do deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai | ataH paMcapradezI skandha astitvAn nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (16) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza ( sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isalie paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai aura avaktavya hai / (17) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai aura eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai tathA aneka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / ataeva paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (18) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza ( sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai, aneka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitva

Page #192
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 145 vAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataH paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (19) paMcapradezI skandha eka deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai, do deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura do deza ( tadubhaya paryAyoM ) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| isalie paJcapradezI skandha astitvavAna hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai / (20) paJcapradezI skandha aneka deza ( sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai, eka deza ( asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza tadubhaya paryAyoM kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataeva paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (21) paMcapradezI skandha do deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna hai, eka deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) ko apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| ataH paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| (22) paMcapradezI skandha do deza (sadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAna hai, do deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura eka deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / isalie paMcapradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| isI prakAra SaTpradezI skandha ke sandarbha meM mahAvIra ne 23 bhaMgoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne paMcapradezI skandha ke 22 bhaMgoM ko jyoM kA tyoM lekara usameM eka 23 vA~ bhaMga alaga se jor3akara SaT pradezI skandha ke 23 bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA pUrI kI hai| unakA vaha 23vA~ bhaMga nimnalikhita hai : "SaTapradezI skandha do deza (sadabhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn hai, do deza (asadbhAva paryAyoM) kI apekSA se astitvavAn nahIM hai aura do deza (tadubhaya paryAyoM) kI apekSA se avaktavya hai| isalie SaTpradezI skandha astitvavAn hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai|' - isa prakAra hamane uparyukta vivecana meM dekhA ki eka, do, tIna, cAra, pAMca aura chaH pradezo skandhoM ke AdhAra para tIna, chaH, teraha, unnIsa, bAisa aura teisa bhaMgoM kI sthApanA hotI hai / isI prakAra yadi aura bhI skandhoM 1. bhagavatI sUtra, 12:10 /

Page #193
146 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ko lekara bhaMga banAye jA~ya to nizcaya hI unakI saMkhyA ananta taka pahuMca jaayegii| parantu uparyukta bhaMgoM ko yadi dhyAna pUrvaka dekhA jAya to aisA pratIta hogA ki unameM mUla rUpa se sat, asat aura avaktavya ina tIna bhaMgoM kA hI vistAra hai / jahA~ taka bhaMgoM kI saMkhyA bar3hane kA prazna hai to usake lie vivecya viSayoM (dharmoM) kI saMkhyA bar3hAyI gayI hai / yadi dharma (vivecya viSaya) kI saMkhyA eka hI rahe to nizcaya hI apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI hoNge| yadi kisI taraha unheM bar3hAte bhI haiM to ve kisI-na-kisI bhaMga ke punarkathana hI hoNge| punarkathanoM kA svatantra rUpa se koI mUlya nahIM hotaa| isalie eka dharma ke saMdarbha meM sAta hI bhaMga baneMge, aisA mAnanA caahie| vastu kA svarUpa hI kucha isa prakAra kA hai| jise vacanAtIta yA anirvacanIya kahA jA sakatA hai| vANI usake akhaNDa rUpa taka nahIM pahu~ca sktii| koI bhI vyakti jaba vastu ke akhaNDa rUpa ko jAnanA yA kahanA cAhatA hai, taba vaha sarvaprathama usakA asti rUpa se varNana karatA hai| para jaba vaha usake akhaNDa rUpa ke kathana meM apane ko asamartha pAtA hai, taba usakA nAstirUpa se varNana karatA hai| kintu phira bhI vaha usakI ananta dharmAtmakatA kI sImA ko pAra nahIM kara pAtA; taba vaha use ubhaya rUpa se dekhatA hai| kintu usase bhI pAra na pAne para vaha use avaktavya "yato vAco nivartante", "aprApya manasA saha" arthAt jisake svarUpa ko pratIti vacana tathA mana nahIM kara sakate; ve bhI usase nivRtta ho jAte haiN| aisA hai vaha vacana tathA mana kA agocara, akhaNDa, anirvacanIya, anantadharmA vastutatva / isalie usa tattva kA svarUpa avyakta hI hogaa| vastutaH vaktA ke vacana vyApAra kI zuruvAta yahIM se hotI hai tathA usake pratipakSI evaM vastu ke antima pakSa kA pratipAdana karane vAlA bhaMga avaktavya hai| inhIM tIna kA vistAra saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM hamAre samakSa prastuta hotA hai| Age ke sabhI bhaMga mAtra inhIM ke saMyoga haiM ve svatantra bhaMga nahIM haiM / yathA : 1. syAdasti-kathaMcit hai| 2. syAnnAsti-kathaMcit nahIM hai| 3. syAdasti ca nAsti-kathaMcit hai aura nahIM hai| 4. syAdavaktavya-kathaMcit avaktavya hai| 5. syAdasti cAvaktavya-kathaMcit hai aura avaktavya hai| 6. syAnnAsti cAvaktavya-kathaMcit nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai|

Page #194
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 147 7. syAdastinAsti cAvaktavya-kathaMcit hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki avaktavya bhaMga ko saptabhaMgI ke krama meM kauna sA sthAna prApta hai tRtIya yA cturth| aisI zaMkA isalie utpanna hotI hai ki jaina granthoM meM avaktavya ko kisI eka nizcita sthAna para nahIM rakhA gayA hai / jahA~ AcArya kundakunda avaktavya ko tIsare sthAna para prayukta karate haiM vahIM paMcAstikAya meM use caturtha sthAna para rakhA gayA hai| akalaMka ne to use donoM hI sthAnoM para prayukta kiyA hai| isI prakAra tattvArthAdhigama sUtra aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM prathamakrama meM to AptamImAMsA, tattvArthavAtika, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra, syAdvAdamaMjarI, saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI meM dvitIya krama kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH jaba usake sthAna ke viSaya meM itanA vibheda hai to kisako ucita mAnA jAya ? yaha samasyA utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra avaktavya bhaMga ke artha para hI dhyAna dene se ukta samasyA kA bhI samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| unake anusAra avaktavya bhaMga ke do artha hote haiM-eka to zabda kI asAmarthya ke kAraNa vastu ke anantadharmI svarUpa ko vacanAgocara, ataeva avaktavya kahanA; aura dUsare vivakSita saptabhaMgI meM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgoM meM yugapat kaha sakane kI sAmarthya na hone ke kAraNa avaktavya khnaa| pahale prakAra meM vaha eka vyApaka rUpa hai jo vastu ke sAmAnya pUrNarUpa para lAgU hotA hai aura dUsarA prakAra vivakSita do dharmoM ko yugapat na kahane kI dRSTi se hone ke kAraNa vaha eka vikalpa ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai arthAt vastu kA eka rUpa avaktavya bhI hai aura eka rUpa vaktavya bhii| jo zeSa dharmoM ke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai / yahA~ taka ki "avaktavya" zabda ke dvArA bhI usI kA sparza hotA hai| do dharmoM ko yugapat na kaha sakane kI dRSTi se jo avaktavya dharma phalita hotA hai vaha una-una saptabhaMgiyoM meM judA-judA hI hai yAnI sat aura asat ko yugapat na kaha sakane ke kAraNa jo avaktavya dharma hogA vaha eka aura aneka dharmoM ko yugapat na kaha sakane ke kAraNa phalita hone vAle avaktavya bhaMga se judA hogA / avaktavya aura vaktavya ko lekara jo saptabhaMgI calegI usameM kA avaktavya bhI vaktavya aura avaktavya ko na kaha sakane ke kAraNa hI phalita hogaa| vaha bhI eka dharma rUpa ho hogaa| saptabhaMgI meM jo avaktavya dharma vivakSita hai vaha do dharmoM ke yugapat

Page #195
148 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kahane kI asAmarthya ke kAraNa phalita hone vAlA hI vivakSita hai| ataH avaktavya ko kisI eka hI sthAna para upasthita honA Avazyaka nahIM hai tRtIya evaM caturtha donoM hI sthAnoM para prastuta ho sakatA hai| DaoN0 mohana lAla mehatA ke anusAra avaktavya bhaMga kA tRtIya evaM caturtha donoM hI sthAnoM para prayukta honA arthapUrNa hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki "jahA~ asti aura nAsti ina do bhaMgoM kA niSedha hai vahA~ avaktavya kA tIsarA sthAna hai aura jahA~ asti, nAsti aura astinAsti (ubhaya) tInoM kA niSedha hai vahA~ avaktavya kA cauthA sthAna hai|" sAmAnyataH yadi avaktavya saptabhaMgI meM kahIM tIsare sthAna para AyA hai aura kahIM cauthe sthAna para, to use asaGgata nahIM kahanA cAhie / usake aitihAsika sAhitya para dRSTipAta karane para bhI yahI dRSTigata hotA hai ki Rgveda ke RSiyoM ne jagat ke Adi kAraNa ko sat aura asat donoM hI rUpoM meM avaktavya batAyA thaa| ataH yahA~ avaktavya kA tIsarA sthAna phalita hotA hai| aisI avasthA meM yadi bhagavatI sUtra avaktavya ko tIsare sthAna para prastuta karatA hai to usameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM kyoMki vaha bhI to prAcIna paramparA ke anurUpa hI hai| umAsvAti, siddhasena, jinabhadra Adi AcAryoM ne isI paramparA kA anugamana kiyA thaa| parantu isake viparIta mANDUkyopaniSad meM AtmA ko catuSpAda rUpa batAte hue use caturtha sthAna para prayukta kiyA gayA hai / isa vidhAna ke anusAra vaha sat, asat aura ubhaya ina tInoM bhaMgoM kA niSedha karatA hai / ataH use cauthe sthAna para prayukta honA cAhie aura adhikAMza jaina-vicArakoM ko avaktavya kA yahI cauthA sthAna hI abhipreta hai| yadyapi usakA tIsarA sthAna bhI arthahIna nahIM hai| parantu yaha saptabhaMgI ke uddezya se apUrNa pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki usakA tIsarA sthAna yA tIsare sthAna para prayukta honA mAtra vidhi aura niSedha ko hI niSedhita karanA hai; jabaki saptabhaMgI meM caturtha sthAna para prayukta avaktavya kA Azaya mAtra itanA hI nahIM hai| usakI dRSTi meM to ubhaya pakSa kA bhI niSedha honA caahie| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki avaktavya mAtra vidhi aura niSedha kA hI nahIM; apitu ubhaya pakSa kA bhI niSedha karatA hai| arthAt avaktavya vaha hai jo vidhi, niSedha aura ubhaya tInoM hI pakSoM se avAcya ho, agocara ho / ataH saptabhaMgI meM avaktavya ko caturtha sthAna 1. jaina dharma-darzana, pR0 365 /

Page #196
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 149 para hI prayukta honA tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| sAtha hI, samantabhadrAdi AcAryoM ko yahI mata mAnya hai aura yaha bAta hama Age aura bhI spaSTa kreNge| bhaMgoM ko Agamika vyAkhyA prathama bhaMga _ "syAdastyeva" yaha saptabhaGgI kA prathama bhaGga hai| isase vastu meM astirUpatA kA nirdhAraNa hotA hai ki amuka vastu meM amuka dharma kA astitva amukha apekSA se hai / syAdastyeva-"syAt"-"asti"-"eva" kA zAbdika artha hI hai kisI apekSA vizeSa se vastu meM bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI sattA hai hI / udAharaNArtha-"syAdastyeva ghaTaH" kA artha hai-svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se ghaTa meM bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI sattA nizcita rUpa se hai| yadyapi yaha bhaGga vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kA ho vidhAna karatA hai, tathApi yaha vastu ke abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai; kyoMki isa bhaGga meM prayukta "syAt" nAmaka apekSA sUcaka pada vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharmoM ke vidhAna ke sAtha hI abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI rakSA bhI karatA hai; aura "eva" zabda jo ki kabhI-kabhI kathana meM upekSita yA ojhala ho jAtA hai, yadyapi usakI upekSA nahIM honI cAhie, kathana ke uddezya se apekSita dharma ko nizcayatA evaM kathana ko pUrNatA pradAna karatA hai| isI prakAra "asti" zabda, jo ki eva ke pahale aura syAt ke bAda prayukta hokara kathana ko pUrNa banAtA hai, isa bhaGga kA kriyApada hai| parantu aba samasyA yaha utpanna hotI hai ki isa kathana ke vidheya svarUpa astirUpatA kA bodha kisa pada se hotA hai ? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu do bAteM hamAre samakSa AtI haiMprathama to yaha ki "asti" pada hI kriyApada ke sAtha-sAtha vidheya pada kA bhI bodha karAtA hai| isa AdhAra para yadyapi isa bhaGga kA svarUpa "syAdastyevAsti' honA caahie| para mere vicAra se jaina AcAryoM ne eka hI vAkya meM do asti pada kA prayoga karanA ucita nahIM samajhA aura yaha mAna liyA ki eka hI asti pada donoM bAtoM kA bodha kraayegaa| dUsare, yaha ki jaina AcAryoM ne syAdastyeva ko kevala pratIka rUpa meM hI prayakta kiyaa| jisase usameM jisa vidheya kA kathana karanA ho, usako baiThA diyA jAya aura vaho usakA vidheya pada ho jAya / udAharaNArtha syAdastyeva ghaTaH, sApekSataH ghaTa meM asti sUcaka dharma hai hii|

Page #197
150 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa prakAra saptabhaGgI kA yaha prathama bhaGga vastu ke bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kA vidhAna karatA hai aura ye bhAvAtmaka dharma usakI astirUpatA ko sUcita karate haiN| lekina ye astisUcaka dharma svacatuSTaya se hI astisUcaka haiM paracatuSTaya se nhiiN| jaina-darzana ke anusAra vizva meM padArthoM ke jo bhI astisUcaka dharma haiM ve svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva kI daSTi se hI astisUcaka haiM para dravyAdi kI dRSTi se nhiiN| jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki kathaJcit ghaTa astirUpa hai hI, taba hamArA uddezya yahI hotA hai ki ghaTa meM sva-dravya, sva-kSetra, sva-kAla aura sva-bhAva kI apekSA se astitva sUcaka dharma haiM; para-dravya, para-kSetra, para-kAla aura para-bhAva kI apekSA se nahIM; kyoMki vastu kA sva-svarUpa svacatuSTaya se hI banatA hai paracatuSTaya se nhiiN| kintu prazna yaha hai ki svacatuSTaya kyA hai aura para-catuSTaya kyA hai ? jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu kA apanA viziSTa svarUpa hotA hai jo usakI sattA kA sAra tattva hotA hai| vastu kA svarUpa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se nizcita hotA hai| vastu ke inhIM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ko jaina-darzana meM catuSTaya kahA jAtA hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva yaha catuSTaya sva-rUpa bhI hotA hai aura para-rUpa bhI-jisa dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva rUpa catuSTaya kI vastu meM bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI hai vaha svacatuSTaya aura jisa catuSTaya kI sattA vastu meM abhAvAtmaka hotI hai vaha para-catuSTaya kahalAtA hai| sva-catuSTaya vastu kA bhAvAtmaka pakSa hai aura para-catuSTaya vastu kA abhAvAtmaka pakSa hai| inhIM sva aura para catuSTaya ke AdhAra para hI vastu kA svarUpa nizcita hotA hai / vastu meM jina guNa-dharmoM kI upasthiti hotI hai ve hI usakA svacatuSTaya banate haiM aura jinakI upasthiti nahIM hotI hai ve unake lie. para-catuSTaya hote haiN| vastu kA svarUpa tabhI banatA hai jaba usameM sva-dravya, kSetra Adi kI upasthiti ke sAtha hI para dravya, kSetra Adi kA abhAva bhI ho / kursI, kursI tabhI taka hai; jaba taka usameM kursI ke guNa-dharmoM kI upasthiti ke sAtha hI Tebula ke guNa-dharmoM kA abhAva bhI ho / isa catuSTaya ke cAra aGga haiM, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva / sAmAnya rUpa se jaina-darzana meM dravya kA artha hai guNa aura paryAya se yukta honA (guNa paryAyavat dravyam) / kintu yahA~ vastu ke mUla meM jo padArtha hai usI ko dravya kahate haiM arthAt vastu jisa padArtha se banI hai usI ko usa vastu kA dravya

Page #198
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| jaise yaha ghaTa miTTI kA hai| isameM ghaTa kA dravya miTTI hai; kyoMki ghaTa miTaTI se hI banA hai anya kisI padArtha se nhiiN| ataH ghaTa ke dra vyatva kA nirdhAraNa miTTI se hotA hai ! kSetra kA artha hai sthAna vizeSa / ghaTa jisa sthAna para hai yA jisa sthAna kA banA huA hai usa sthAna vizeSa ko usakA kSetra kahA jaayegaa| jaise yaha ghaTa vArANasI kA banA hai anya sthAna kA banA huA nahIM hai| pUnaH pratyeka vastu kisI na kisI sthAna vizeSa meM hI hotI hai sarvatra nhiiN| isalie usake svarUpa nizcaya meM kSetra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kAla kA artha hai samaya / kAla kI apekSA se bhI padArtha ke sva-rUpa aura para-rUpa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| vastu kI vartamAna meM rahane vAlI paryAya sva-rUpa haiM aura bhUta tathA bhaviSyavartI paryAyeM para-rUpa haiM / ataH vartamAna paryAyoM kI apekSA se vastu sat aura atIta tathA anAgata paryAyoM kI apekSA se asat hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vartamAna kAla kI apekSA se vastu sat aura bhUta tathA bhaviSya kAla kI apekSA se asat hai| isa prakAra vastu ke svarUpa nizcaya meM kAla kA bhI vizeSa yogadAna hai| isI prakAra bhAva kA artha hai paryAya yA AkAra vizeSa / jisa AkAra yA paryAya vAlI vastu hai usakI apekSA se vaha sat hai aura taditara kI apekSA se asat hai arthAt una paryAyoM kA vastu meM abhAva hai| kintu ina dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke alaga-alaga nizcaya se vastu kA svarUpa nizcita nahIM hotA hai| pratyuta vastu-svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa meM ina cAroM apekSAoM kI eka sAtha AvazyakatA par3atI hai| kyoMki ye cAroM eka sAtha hI sattA meM pAye jAte haiN| inake sAtha hI, vastu ke svarUpa nizcaya hetu para-catuSTaya kA niSedha bhI apekSita hotA hai| DaoN0 mahendra kumAra jaina ne likhA hai-"dravya eka IkAI hai, akhaNDa haiM, maulika hai| pUgala dravyoM meM hI paramANuoM ke paraspara saMyoga se choTe-bar3e aneka skandha taiyAra hote haiN| ye skandha saMyukta paryAya haiN| aneka dravyoM (dravya skandhoM) ke saMyoga se hI ghaTa, paTa Adi sthUla padArthoM kI sRSTi hotI hai| ye saMyukta sthUla paryAyeM bhI apane dravya, apane kSetra, apane kAla aura apane asAdhAraNa nija dharma kI dRSTi se "sat" haiM aura para dravya, para kSetra, para kAla aura para bhAva kI dRSTi se asat hai|' ataH pratyeka vastu svarUpa se hI astitvavAna hotI hai para rUpa se nahIM / yadi kisI vastu ko sva-rUpa se asti-rUpa yA astitva1. jaina-darzana, pR0 369 /

Page #199
152 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA vAn honA na svIkAra kiyA jAya to usakI sattA hI nahIM raha jAyegI, vaha to sarvathA asat ho jAyegI aura samasta vizva zUnyamaya ho jaayegaa| isI prakAra yadi svayaM se bhinna anya samagra para-svarUpoM meM bhI vastu kA astitva ho to phira uparyukta ghaTa-ghaTa ho nahIM raha sakatA; vaha ghaTa ke sAtha hI paTa Adi bhI ho jaayegaa| usameM jala-dhAraNa Adi kI kriyAyeM hI nahIM raheMgI apitu paTa kI AcchAdana Adi kriyAyeM bhI upasthita ho jAyeMgI, aura aisI avasthA meM dahI aura U~Ta meM koI bhinnatA nahIM raha jaayegii| sAtha hI dahI khAne kA icchuka vyakti U~Ta ke lie daur3ane lgegaa| jisase sArA vyavahAra hI asaMbhava ho jAyegA / ataeva yadi vastuoM meM sva-svarUpa ke samAna ho, para-svarUpa kI bhI sattA eka hI sAtha mAna lI jAya to unameM sva-para kA vibhAga kisI bhI prakAra se ghaTita nahIM ho sakegA, aura usake abhAva meM gur3a aura gobara eka ho jAyegA, aura vastu kA koI nizcita svarUpa hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| ataeva vastu kI vastutA ko nizcita karane ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki usake sva-rUpa kA grahaNa aura para-rUpa kA tyAga ho; kyoMki vastu kI vastutA sva-rUpa ke grahaNa aura para-rUpa ke tyAga se hI sthira hotI hai aura sva-rUpa kA grahaNa tathA para rUpa kA tyAga tabhI sambhava hai jaba usake astitva sUcaka vidhAyaka dharmoM kA grahaNa aura niSedhaka dharmoM kA tyAga kiyA jAya, kyoMki vastu kA astitva sva-rUpa se hI hotA hai para-rUpa se nahIM / uktam ca __"sarvam asti sva-rUpeNa para-rUpeNa nAsti ca / " isa prakAra saptabhaGgI kA yaha prathama bhaGga vastu kI isI vastutA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| saptabhaGgI nayapradIpaprakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai ki "sattvAsattvAdisaptavidhadharmaparimite vastUniakhaNDe sadaMzasya kalpanayA yad vibhAjanaM pRthakkaraNaM tena "syAdastyeva sarvam" iti prathamo bhaGgo bhavati / "' arthAt sattva-asattva Adi sAta prakAra ke dharmoM se yukta vastu ke sattva aMza kA pRthakkaraNa jisake dvArA hotA hai vaha prathama bhaGga hai| saMkSepa meM yahI prathama bhaGga kA artha hai| dvitIya bhaGga "syAnnAstyeva" yaha saptabhaGgI kA dUsarA bhaGga hai| yaha vastutattva ke 1. saptabhaGgI nayapradIpaprakaraNam, prathamasarga, pR0 8 /

Page #200
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 153 anupasthita yA abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI sUcanA detA hai ki amuka vastu meM amuka-amuka dharmaM amuka-amuka apekSA se nahIM haiM / udAharaNArtha, sthAnnAstyeva ghaTa: kA artha hai sApekSataH ghaTa nAstirUpa hI hai / parantu yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ghaTa ko nAsti rUpa kahane kA Azaya ghaTa kI sattA kA niSedha nahIM hai; apitu ghaTa meM paradharmoM kA niSedha hai / jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai ki sApekSataH ghaTa nAsti rUpa hI hai taba jaina AcAryoM ke isa kathana kA Azaya yahI hotA hai ki ghaTa meM para catuSTaya kA abhAva hai arthAt ghaTa meM ghaTetara paTa Adi ke guNa-dharma nahIM haiM; kyoMki pratyeka vastu sva-rUpa se vidyamAna hotI hai para rUpa se nahIM / parantu yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki pratyeka vastu meM kevala bhAvAtmaka guNa-dharma hI nahIM hote, balki abhAvAtmaka guNadharma bhI hote haiM / yadi vastu meM kevala bhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI hI sattA mAnI jAya to eka vastu ke sadbhAva se sabhI vastuoM kA sadbhAva ho jAyegA aura yadi sarvathA abhAvarUpa mAna liyA jAya to vastu ko sarvathA svabhAvarahita mAnanA par3egA jo ki sarvathA anucita hai / ataH pratyeka vastu meM bhAvAtmaka evaM abhAvAtmaka donoM hI prakAra ke dharma hote haiM / unakA astitva sva ke grahaNa aura para ke niSedha se hI banatA hai / vidyAnandI kA kahanA hai ki sattA kA niSedha sva bhinna ananta para kI apekSA se hai / yadi para kI dRSTi ke samAna sva kI dRSTi se bho astitva kA niSedha mAnA jAya to ghaTa niHsvarUpa ho jAegA / saptabhaGgI kA yaha dUsarA bhaGga inhIM para dharmoM ke abhAva kI sUcanA detA hai / jisa prakAra prathama bhaGga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki vastu meM kyA-kyA hai / usI prakAra dUsarA bhaGga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki vastu meM kyA-kyA nahIM hai / aba yahA~ aisI zaGkA kI jA sakatI hai ki jaba eka hI vastu meM bhAvAtmaka (sattva) aura abhAvAtmaka (asattva) donoM hI dharmaM dRSTibheda se rahate haiM taba sattva tathA asattva kA bheda ghaTita nahIM hotA; kyoMki jo ghaTa sva-rUpa se sattva rUpa hai, vahI ghaTa anya paTAdi rUpa se asattva rUpa bhI hai / ataH satva aura asattva donoM eka dUsare meM gatArtha haiM / aisI avasthA meM sattva prakAzaka prathama aura asattva prakAzaka dvitIya bhaMga ko alaga-alaga mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai; kyoMki syAdastyeva bhaGga ke kathana se syAnnA 1. " para rUpApohanavat svarUpApohane tu nirupAkhyatvasya prasaMgAt " / tattvArthazlokavArtika, 1:6:52 kI TIkA, pR0 131 //

Page #201
154 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA styeva aura syAnnAstyeva bhaGga ke kathana se syAdastyeva kA bodha ho jAtA hai / jaba koI vastu sva-rUpa se sattAtmaka hai aura vahI vastu para-rUpa se asattAtmaka hai, taba "syAdasti", syAnnAsti Adi bhaGgoM ko alaga-alaga kahanA vyartha hai| ___ yadyapi yahA~ yaha kahanA ThIka hai ki eka hI vastu meM sattva aura asattva donoM dharma apekSAbheda se rahate haiM, para eka hI vastu meM rahane mAtra se donoM dharma eka nahIM ho skte| sattva aura asattva donoM eka dUsare se bhinna aura svatantra haiN| jo sattva hai vaha asattva nahIM ho sakatA aura jo asattva hai vaha sattva nahIM ho sktaa| yadi unheM eka dUsare se pRthak na mAnA jAya to sva-rUpa se sattva dharma ke grahaNa sadRza para rUpa se bhI sattva dharma ke grahaNa mAnane kA prasaMga A jAyegA aura para-rUpa se asattva dharma kI taraha sva-rUpa se bhI asattva dharma ke grahaNa kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| aisA ho sakatA ki vastu ko Upara-Upara se dekhane para usake dharmoM meM bhinnatA na pratIta hotI ho, para thor3A gaharAI se vicAra karane para yaha bAta pUrNataH spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki jisa prakAra sva-rUpa se sattva dharma kI anubhUti hotI hai, usI prakAra para-rUpa se asattva dharma kI pratIti hotI hai| ina donoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA jJAna hotA hai / ataH bhinna-bhinna jJAna ke lie bhinna-bhinna bhaGga kA honA Avazyaka hai; kyoMki eka hI bhaGga do taraha kA jJAna nahIM de sakatA hai arthAt syAdastyeva bhaGga se jo jJAna utpanna ho sakatA hai vaha syAnnAstyeva se kadApi nahIM ho sakatA hai aura jo jJAna syAnnAstyeva bhaGga detA hai vaha syAdastyeva bhaGga bhI kathamapi nahIM de sakatA / udAharaNArtha "vaha ghara meM nahIM hai", aisA kahane para yaha mAlUma nahIM ho sakatA ki vaha amuka sthAna para hai| ghara meM na hone para bhI "vaha kahA~ hai" isa bAta kI jijJAsA to banI hI rahatI hai| isIlie "asti bhaGga' kI AvazyakatA hai / ThIka isI prakAra nAsti bhaGga kI bhii| aba kadAcit aisA kahA jAya ki bhaGga ke pUrva meM prayakta "syAt" zabda anekAntatA kA sUcaka hai, usase to sattva-asattva Adi sabhI dharmoM kI sUcanA mila jAtI hai / taba usake alaga alaga bhaGgoM meM kahane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? yadyapi yaha kahanA satya hai ki "syAt" pada sattva asattva Adi aneka dharmoM kA sUcaka hai| parantu unameM se sattva-asattva ke vizeSa

Page #202
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgo 155 jJAna ke lie asti-Adi bhaMgoM kA prayukta honA to Avazyaka hI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki "sAmAnya" (saMyukta) rUpa "syAt" zabda se anekAnta rUpa artha kA bodha hone para bhI vizeSa rUpa se artha kA bodha karAne ke lie vAkya meM astitva Adi anya zabdoM kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai|" udAharaNArtha "raktavarNasyAzvaH" lAla raMga kA ghodd'aa| isa udAharaNa meM azvatva isa sAmAnya dharma se ghor3e kA bodha hone para bhI raktatva isa vizeSa dharmayukta azva kA bodha karAne ke lie kathana meM "raktavarNa' isa zabda kA prayukta honA Avazyaka hai| isI prakAra zabda ke dyotakatva pakSa meM sattvaasattva Adi sabakA bodha hotA hai| para kisI vizeSarUpa sattva yA asattva kA bodha karAne ke lie asti Adi kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai| isake sAtha hI, yadi "syAt" zabda kA prayoga na kiyA jAya to kathana hI sarvathA ekAntika pratIta hogaa| vastutaH "asti" aura "nAsti" pada, uddezya aura vidheya kA sUcana karate haiM aura "syAt" pada bhaGga meM pahale Akara kevala vastusthiti yAnI vastu-svarUpatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| ataH "syAt" pada eka pratIka mAtra hai aura apekSita kathana asti aura nAsti pada ke dvArA ho hotA hai| aba yadi yaha kahA jAya ki prathama bhaGga meM jisa vastu kA vidhAna hai dUsare bhaGga meM usI vastu kA niSedha hai; kyoMki "syAdasti eva ghaTaH' aura "syAnnAsti eva ghaTaH" kA artha hI kucha isa prakAra kA hai; to isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA bhI bhrAntijanaka hI hai| zaGkarAcArya Adi dArzanikoM ne syAdvAda kI isI AdhAra para AlocanA kI thii| prathama bhaGga meM jisa dharma kA vidhAna hai dvitIya bhaGga meM usI dharma kA niSedha nahIM hai| pratyuta dvitIya bhaMga meM, prathama bhaGga meM kathita dharma se bhinna dharmoM kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kA nimnalikhita vicAra draSTavya hai"jahA~ taka maiM samajha pAyA hU~ syAdvAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle kisI bhI AcArya kI dRSTi se dvitIya bhaMga kA kArya prathama bhaMga meM sthApita kiye gaye guNa-dharma kA usI apekSA se niSedha karanA nahIM hai, apitu yA to prathama bhaMga 1. "syAcchabdAdapyanekAntasAmAnyasyAvabodhane / zabdAntaraprayogo'tra vizeSapratipattaye // " iti / / -saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 30 / '

Page #203
156 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA meM astirUpa mAne gaye guNa-dharma se itara guNa-dharmoM kA niSedha karanA hai athavA phira apekSA ko badala kara usI gaNa-dharma kA niSedha karanA hotA hai aura isa prakAra dvitIya bhaGga, prathama bhaGga ke kathana ko puSTa karatA hai, khaNDita nhiiN|" yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya ki dvitIya bhaMga, prathama bhaMga kA niSedhaka hai to nizcaya hI isa siddhAnta meM Atma-virodha nAmaka doSa utpanna ho jAyegA / yadyapi sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para ukta artha hI pratiphalita hotA hai| kintu vaha artha jaina AcAryoM ko kabhI bhI abhipreta nahIM ho sktaa| jaina AcAryoM ke anusAra prathama bhaMga meM jina apekSAzrita dharmoM kA kathana hai vaha sva-catuSTaya se hai para-catuSTaya se nhiiN| isI prakAra nAsti bhaMga meM jina dharmoM kA niSedha hai vaha para-catuSTaya se hai sva-catuSTaya se nhiiN| isI prakAra prathama aura dvitoya donoM bhaMgoM ke vidheya bhinna-bhinna haiN| isalie inheM eka dUsare kA niSedhaka nahIM mAnanA caahie| dUsare, jaina AcArya to pratyeka kathana ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna apekSA bhI darzAte haiN| unake anusAra pratyeka kathana kI bhinna-bhinna apekSA hai| isalie yadi prathama bhaMga meM sUcita vastu kA dvitIya bhaMga meM niSedha bhI hai to vaha eka dasarI apekSA se hai| prathama bhaMga ko apekSA se nahIM / jaise syAt ghaTa miTTI kA hai, syAt ghaTa potala kA nahIM hai / isa vAkya meM donoM kathana sannihita haiN| kintu inheM eka dUsare kA niSedhaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki prathama kathana meM yadi ghaTa ke miTTI ke hone kA vidhAna hai to dUsare meM usake pItala ke hone kA niSedha hai na ki miTTI ke hone kA hii| isalie ye donoM kathana eka dUsare se bhinna haiM / ThIka yahI bAta saptabhaMgI ke donoM bhaMgoM meM bhI hai / donoM bhaMga bhinnabhinna apekSAoM se kahe gaye haiN| isalie unameM kisI prakAra kA Atmavirodha nahIM hai| eka sva-dharmoM kA vidhAna karatA hai to dUsarA para-dharmoM kA niSedha karatA hai| jaba prathama bhaMga meM svIkRta dharma kA hI dUsare bhaMga meM niSedha hotA to bhI unameM Atma-virodha nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha yadi prathama bhaMga meM yaha kahA jAya ki AtmA nitya hai aura dUsare bhaMga meM yadi yaha kahA jAya ki AtmA nitya nahIM hai| yadyapi ye kathana UparI taura para AtmavirodhI pratIta hote haiM kintu vastutaH ye Atma-virodhI nahIM haiM; kyoMki 1. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977, pR0 1-45 /

Page #204
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 157 jahA~ prathama bhaMga meM dravya kI apekSA se AtmA kI nityatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ dUsare bhaMga meM paryAya kI dRSTi se nityatA ke guNa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ataH ye donoM kathana Atma-virodhI yA vyAghAtaka nahIM haiN| eka hI rekhA do bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se bar3I aura choTI donoM kahI jAtI hai aura aise kathana meM koI virodha nahIM hotA hai| yahI sthiti apekSA bheda se prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga meM bhI hai| vastutaH ina donoM bhaMgoM meM kramazaH vidhi aura niSedha rUpa se pratipAdana hote hue bhI Atma virodha yA vyAghAtakatA nahIM hai| tRtIya bhaMga "syAdastinAsti ca" yaha saptabhaMgI kA tIsarA bhaMga hai| isa bhaMga meM prathama syAdasti aura dUsare syAnnAsti bhaMga kA saMyoga hai| lekina isakA kArya upayukta donoM bhaMgoM se bhinna hai| isake kArya ko na to kevala asti bhaMga kara sakatA hai aura na to kevala nAsti bhaMga ho / ataH yaha eka svatantra evaM navIna bhaMga hai| jisa prakAra eka aura do pRthak evaM svatantra do saMkhyAyeM haiM para ina donoM ke yoga se vahI artha nikalatA hai jo ki eka svatantra saMkhyA tIna kA artha hotA hai| parantu tIna nAmaka saMkhyA kA astitva eka aura do donoM se pRthaka mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki jo artha tIna saMkhyA detI hai vaha na to kevala eka aura na kevala do hI de sakatI hai| isI prakAra tIsarA bhaMga yadyapi asti aura nAsti kA saMyoga hai| parantu jisa uddezya kI pUrti prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga alaga-alaga karate haiM usI uddezya kI pUrti tIsarA bhaMga bhI nahIM krtaa| balki nayI kathAvastu ko prastuta karatA hai| isameM pahale vidhi, phira niSedha kI kramazaH vivakSA kI jAtI hai / isameM sva-catuSTaya kI apekSA se sattA aura para-catuSTaya kI apekSA se asattA kA kramazaH kathana kiyA gayA hai ; arthAt isameM sva kI apekSA sattA kA aura para kI apekSA se asattA kA eka sAtha, kintu kramazaH kathana kiyA gayA hai| yaha kathana na to kevala "asti" hI kara sakatA hai aura na kevala nAsti hI kara sakatA hai; kyoMki asaMyukta uttara denA dUsarI bAta hai aura saMyukta uttara denA dUsarI baat| aba yadi yaha kahA jAya ki ghaTa aura paTa ina donoM ko alaga-alaga kahane para yA eka sAtha ubhaya rUpa se kahane para ghaTa-paTa kA hI jJAna hotA hai; usase koI navIna yA bhinna jJAna nahIM hotA hai| ataeva "syAdasti"

Page #205
158 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgo naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA aura "syAntAsti' ko alaga-alaga mAnane ke bAda tIsare "syAdastinAsti" bhaMga ko mAnanA vyartha hai, to yaha nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki yaha bAta sarvavidita hai ki pratyeka vastu kI svatantra sattA kI apekSA usake saMyoga se udbhUta samudAya rUpa vastu kI sattA bhinna hI hai| udAharaNArtha "" aura "Ta" do svatantra akSara haiN| para inake saMyoga se "ghaTa" kA bodha hotA hai jo ki una donoM akSaroM ke astitva se pRthak apanA svatantra astitva rakhatA hai| yadi bhinna na mAnA jAya to "gha" itanA kahane mAtra se hI "ghaTa" kA bodha ho jAnA caahie| jisa prakAra pratyeka puSpa kI dRSTi se mAlA kathaMcit bhinna hai| usI prakAra kramApita "ubhaya-rUpa-sattvaasattva", "sattva" aura "asattva" ko dRSTi se kathaMcit bhinna hI hai / ___ aba kadAcit yaha kaheM ki krama se yojita sattva-asattva ubhaya ko apekSA saha-yojita satva-asattva isa ubhaya rUpa (avaktavya) kA bheda kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? to aisA bhI kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki krama se yojita kalpanA saha-yojita kalpanA se bhinna hai; kyoMki pUrva kalpanA meM (tRtIya bhaMga meM) padArtha ko paryAyeM kama se kahI jAtI haiN| jabaki uttara kalpanA (caturtha bhaMga) meM una paryAyoM kA yugapat kayana hai| yadi donoM meM bheda na mAnA jAya to unameM pUnarukti doSa A jAyegA; kyoMki eka vAkyajanya jo bodha hai usI bodha kA janaka yadi dUsarA vAkya bhI ho to vahA~ punarukti doSa ho jAtA hai| parantu yahA~ para krama se yojita tRtIya bhaMga hai aura akrama se yojita caturtha bhaMga hai| ataH tRtIya aura caturtha bhaMga se utpanna jJAnoM meM samAnAkAratA nahIM hai| aba cUMki donoM bhaMgoM meM punarukti doSa nahIM hai| sAtha hI donoM bhaMgoM se utpanna jJAna bhI bhinna-bhinna hai / ataH donoM bhaMga pRthak-pRthak ho haiN| ___isI prakAra yadi aisA kahA jAya ki jisa prakAra asti viziSTa nAsti nAmaka tIsarA bhaMga banatA hai aura usameM yadi asti kI pradhAnatA hai tathA eka nayA jJAna pradAna karatA hai to vahIM para eka dUsarA nAsti viziSTa asti bhaMga bhI bana sakatA hai jo ki eka nayA jJAna pradAna kregaa| udAharaNa-svarUpa yadi asti viziSTa nAsti bhaMga yaha kahatA hai ki mohana bhArata meM hai para landana meM nahIM hai, to isI prakAra nAsti viziSTa asti bhaMga eka nayA jJAna detA hai ki mohana ghara nahIM hai para vaha bhArata meM hI hai| aisA nahIM hai ki vaha ghara meM nahIM hai to bhArata meM bhI nahIM hai| ataH

Page #206
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 159 yaha bhaMga bhI eka nayA jJAna pradAna kara rahA hai| taba saptabhaMgI saptabhaMgo hI nahIM; balki use navabhaMgI honA caahie| parantu yahA~ yaha bhI kahanA sarvathA anucita hai; kyoMki "syAnnAsti cAsti' eka nayA bhaMga nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vAkya ko nAsti se zurU karane para asti kA koI nizcayAtmaka rUpa nahIM miltaa| udAharaNArtha-yaha Tebula nahIM hai para yaha kyA hai isakI jijJAsA banI ho rahatI hai| arthAt 'yaha Tebula nahIM hai" isa kathana se yaha nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA ki vaha kyA hai| lekina "yaha Tebula hai" aisA kahane se yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha kyA nahIM hai / jaise yaha ghor3A nahIM hai, hAthI nahIM hai aadi-aadi| isake sAtha hI, eka dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki vAkya ko syAnnAsti se zurU karane para Upara ke krama kA virodha hotA hai| saptabhaMgI ko asti-nAsti ke eka krama meM ho rakhA gayA hai| isIlie prArambha meM bhI asti ke bAda hI nAsti bhaMga AyA hai / ataH use usI krama meM rakhanA Avazyaka hai aura "yaha nahIM hai isalie hai" usake krama ke viparIta hai| isa prakAra "syAnnAsti ca asti" ko kalpanA nahIM ko jA sakato hai| ataH saptabhaMgI, saptabhaMgI hI rahegI aSTabhaMgI yA navabhaMgI nhiiN| caturtha bhaMga ___ "syAdavaktavyeva" yaha saptabhaMgo kA cauthA maulika bhaMga hai| yaha vastu ke usa svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai jisake pratipAdana meM kramazaH prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya bhaMga asamartha rahate haiN| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba vastu-svarUpa kA kathana vidhi pakSa se kiyA jAtA hai taba usakA niSedha pakSa zeSa raha jAtA hai aura jisa samaya usake niSedha pakSa kA pratipAdana hotA hai usa samaya usakA vidhi pakSa chUTa jAtA hai| isake sAtha hI jaba tIsare bhaMga se vastu ke vidhi evaM niSedha donoM pakSoM kA pratipAdana hotA hai taba vaha bhI kramazaH yA krama rUpa se hI ho pAtA hai| kintu jaba vastu ke astitva aura nAstitva donoM pakSoM ke eka kAla meM yugapat kathana kI vivakSA hotI hai taba vANo asamartha ho jAtI hai / vANo kI zakti to itanI sImita hai ki vaha vastu ke sabhI bhAvAtmaka yA sabhI niSedhAtmaka vidheyoM kA hI kathana eka sAtha nahIM kara sakatI hai| vANo ko isI asamarthatA ko abhivyakta karane ke lie saptabhaMgI meM avaktavya bhaMga ko yojanA hai / avaktavya bhaMga yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki vastu ko vaktavyatA krama se hI saMbhava hai yugapat

Page #207
160 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA rUpa se nahIM; kyoMki bhASA meM koI bhI aisA kriyApada nahIM hai jo astitva aura nAstitva kA yugapat vAcaka ho / jaina-darzana ke anusAra pratyeka vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai aura anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke pratyeka dharma kA sUcaka bhI bhinna-bhinna zabda hotA hai jaise "lAlimA" kA "lAla", "kAlimA" kA "kAlA" ityAdi / yadyapi ananta vastuoM ke ananta guNa-dharmoM ko sambodhita karane vAle bhASA meM ananta-ananta zabda nahIM haiM / tathApi yadi zabda saMyoga se ananta vastuoM ke ananta guNa-dharmoM ke sUcaka bhinna-bhinna zabda pratIka banAye jAyeM to una ananta ananta guNa-dharmoM kA bhI vAcana sambhava ho jaayegaa| kintu hamArI bhASA meM koI aisA zabda nahIM bana sakatA jo vastu ke ananta guNa-dharmoM ko eka sAtha yugapat rUpa se abhivyakta kara sake; kyoMki bhASA ke pratyeka zabda ke dvArA eka-eka guNa-dharma kA hI vAcana saMbhava hai| isalie jaba do yA do se adhika dharmoM ke eka sAtha pratipAdana kI vivakSA hotI hai, taba zabda asamartha ho jAtA hai| zabda kI isI asamarthatA ko prakaTa karane ke lie jaina-darzana meM avaktavya kA vidhAna hai| eka anya bAta yaha hai ki vastu ke sampUrNa dharma eka dUsare se paraspara bhinna haiN| isalie una paraspara bhinna dharmoM ke pratipAdaka zabda bhI paraspara bhinna haiN| sAtha hI, bhASA meM koI aisA ubhayAtmaka zabda nahIM hai jo vastu ke una paraspara bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ko eka sAtha abhivyakta kara sake / isalie bhI jaba una paraspara bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ko eka sAtha kahane kI apekSA hotI hai taba unheM avaktavya hI kahanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| avaktavya ke isI Azaya kA pratipAdana karate hue "zlokavArtika' meM kahA gayA hai-"jaba zukla aura kRSNa varNa paraspara bhinna haiM taba unakA saMsRSTa rUpa eka nahIM ho sakatA / jisase eka zabda se kathana ho ske| koI eka zabda yA pada do guNoM kA yugapat vAcaka nahIM ho sakatA / yadi aisA mAneMge to sat zabda sattva kI taraha asattva kA bhI kathana karegA tathA asat zabda sattva kA / para aisI lokapratIti nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyeka dharma ke vAcaka zabda judA-judA haiM / isa taraha kAlAdi dRSTi se yugapat bhAva kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai tathA ubhayavAcI koI eka zabda hai nhiiN|"' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki zabda 1. yathA zuvalarUpavyatiriktau"""zukla kRSNau guNau asaMsRSTau naikasminnarthe sahavartitu samartho avadhRtarUpatvAt, ataH tAbhyAM saMsargAbhAvAt ekAntapakSe na

Page #208
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 161 eka kAla meM eka hI gaNa-dharma kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai do yA do se adhika ananta guNa-dharmoM kA nhiiN| "saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI" meM bhI kahA gayA hai"sabhI zabda eka kAla meM hI pradhAnatA se sattva aura asattva donoM kA yugapat pratipAdana nahIM kara sakate; kyoMki usa prakAra pratipAdana karane kI zabda meM zakti nahIM hai; kyoMki sabhI zabdoM meM eka hI padArtha ko viSaya karanA siddha hai|"1 ataH jo sattvAdi dharmoM meM se kisI eka dharma ke dvArA padArtha vAcya hai, vahI sattva, asattva, ubhaya dharma se avAcya hai|"2 isase yaha spaSTa hai ki kAlakrama se vastu ke asti, nAsti Adi dharma pRthak-pRthak rUpa se kisI uddezya ke vidheya bhale hI bana jAya, para yugapat rUpa se kisI uddezya kA vidheya bananA asambhava hI hai| yahI zabda kI asamarthatA hai, vANI kI nirIhatA hai| isI ko abhivyakta karanA avaktavya kA uddezya hai / punaH zlokavArtika meM ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai-"jaba do pratiyogI guNoM ke dvArA avadhAraNa rUpa se yugapat eka kAla meM eka zabda se samasta vastu ke kahane kI icchA hotI hai to vastu avaktavya ho jAtI hai| kyoMki vaisA zabda aura artha nahIM hai / "3 yugapadabhidhAnayasti arthasya tathA vartituM zaktyabhAvAt""na caikaH zabdo dvayorguNayoH sahavAcako'sti / yadi syAt sacchabdaH svArthavadasadapi sat kuryAt asacchando'pi svArthavat sadapi asatkuryAt, na ca tathA loke saMpratyayo'sti tayovizeSazabdatvAt / evamuktAt kAlAdiyugapadabhAvAsaMbhavAt / zabdasya ca ekasya ubhayArthavAcino'nupalabdheH avaktavya AtmA / " -zlo0 vA0 2 / 1 / 6 / 56 / 477 / 6 / 1. sarvo'pi zabdaH pradhAnatayA na sattvAsattve yugapatpratipAdayati, tathA pratipAdane zabdasya zaktyabhAvAt, sarvasya padasyaikapadArthaviSayatvasiddheH" / _saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 60 / 2. "ayaM khalu tadarthaH, sattvAdye kaikadharmamukhena vAcyameva vastu yugapatpradhAnabhUta sattvAsattvobhayadharmAvacchinnatvenAvAcyam / " vahI, pR0 70 / 3. "sadasattva ucyeyAtAm / na ca sambandhato'bhinnatA guNAnAM saMbhavati bhinnatvAt sambandhasya / " zlokavArtika, 2 / 1 / 6 / 56 / 4776 /

Page #209
162 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isa prakAra avaktavya kA mUlArtha hai yugapat kathana meM bhASA kI asamarthatA, azakyatA, nirIhatA va vivazatA ko spaSTa karanA / kintu prazna yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI kA avaktavya vastu ke kinhIM do dharmoM ke yugapat kathana kI azakyatA ko prakaTa karatA hai yA do se adhika ananta dharmoM arthAt vastu ke samagra svarUpa ke yugapat vivecana ko azakya batAtA hai ? yahA~ Akara dArzanikoM ke vicAra paraspara bhinna ho jAte haiM / kucha vicArakoM ke anusAra avaktavya asti-nAsti rUpa do dharmoM ke yugapat kathana ko azakya kahatA hai to kucha dArzanikoM ke anusAra yaha vastu ke samagra svarUpa ke nirvacana ko asambhava batAtA hai| kintu kucha logoM ne isake ukta donoM hI rUpoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura usake AdhAra para avaktavya ke tIna se lekara cha: artha taka prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN0 padmarAje kA nAma agragaNya hai| unhoMne avaktavya ke artha-vikAsa kI dRSTi se usakI cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai : (1) vedakAlIna niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM vizva ke kAraNa kI khoja karate hue RSi usa kAraNa tattva ko na sat aura na asat kahakara vivecita karatA hai, yahA~ donoM pakSa kA niSedha hai| (2) aupaniSadika vidhAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM sat-asat Adi virodhI tattvoM meM samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaise "tadejati tannajati", "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn", "sadasadvareNyam", Adi / yahA~ donoM pakSoM kI svIkRti hai| ___ (3) vaha dRSTikoNa, jisameM tattva ko svarUpataH avyapadezIya yA anirvacanIya mAnA gayA hai| yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upaniSadoM meM hI milatA hai| jaise "yatovAconivartante", "yadvAvAkyuditya", "naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakyaH" Adi / buddha ke avyAkRtavAda evaM zUnyavAda kI catuSkoTi vinimukta tattva kI dhAraNA meM bhI bahuta kucha isI dRSTikoNa kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| (4) yaha dRSTikoNa jaina-nyAya meM sApekSika avaktavyatA yA sApekSika anirvacanIyatA ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| isa prakAra DaoN0 padmarAje ne avyaktavya kI uparyukta cAra avasthAoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| inhIM cAra avasthAoM ke AdhAra para DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne avaktavya ke nimnalikhita cha: artha kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|

Page #210
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI (1) sat va asat donoM kA niSedha karanA / (2) sat, asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha karanA / (3) sat, asat, sadasat (ubhaya ) aura na sat na asat ( anubhaya) cAroM kA niSedha karanA / 163 (4) vastutattva ko svabhAva se hI avaktavya mAnanA arthAt yaha ki vastutattva anubhava meM A sakatA hai kintu kahA nahIM jA sakatA / (5) sat aura asat donoM ko yugapat rUpa se svIkAra karanA / kintu usake kathana ke lie koI zabda na hone ke kAraNa avaktavya kahanA / (6) vastutattva ananta dharmAtmaka hai arthAt vastutattva ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai kintu zabdoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai aura isalie usameM jitane dharma haiM utane vAcaka zabda nahIM haiM / ataH vAcaka zabdoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa use aMzataH vAcya aura aMzataH avAcya mAnanA / ' kintu saptabhaMgI ke sandarbha meM avaktavya ke uparyukta sabhI artha mAnya nahIM ho sakate / yadyapi yaha avaktavya kI eka navIna DhaMga se vyAkhyA kA prayAsa avazya hai / parantu usake ukta sabhI rUpoM ko asti nAsti rUpa do dharmoM ko lekara calane vAlI saptabhaMgI ke avaktavya para Aropita karane para usake mUla uddezya kI upekSA ho jAtI hai; kyoMki yadi usake bhI vibhinna artha hone lageMge to nizcaya hI saptabhaMgI kA eka nizcita rUpa nahIM bana sakegA / phalasvarUpa saptabhaMgI saMzayAtmaka bana jAyegI / jabaki usameM saMzayAtmakatA kA lezamAtra bhI samAveza nahIM hai / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki saptabhaGgiyA~ bhI aneka ho sakatI haiM aura una aneka saptabhaMgiyoM ke AdhAra para aneka avaktavya ho sakate haiM, arthAt avaktavya ke vibhinna rUpa ho sakate haiM / kintu sat aura asat arthAt asti aura nAsti rUpa do dharmoM ko lekara jo saptabhaMgI calatI hai usakA avaktavya anya sabhI saptabhaMgiyoM se bhinna aura viziSTa hI hai / isalie isa avaktavya kA artha anya avaktavyoM se bhinna hI hogA / isalie anya avaktavyoM ke anya rUpoM kA AropaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / isakA pUrNataH vicAra na karane ke kAraNa hI Adarafe sAgaramala jI avaktavya bhaMga kA eka nizcita rUpa nahIM mAne haiM / unhoMne likhA bhI haiM - "merI dRSTi meM avaktavya bhaMga kA bhI eka hI rUpa nahIM 1. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977, pR0 1-49 /

Page #211
164 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA hai, prathama to " hai" aura "nahIM hai" aise vidhi pratiSedha kA yugapat (eka hI sAtha) pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH avaktavya bhaMga kI yojanA hai / dUsare, nirapekSa rUpa se vastutattva kA kathana saMbhava nahIM hai / ataH vastu avaktavya haiM / tIsare, apekSAyeM ananta ho sakatI haiM kintu ananta apekSAoM se yugapat rUpa meM vastutattva kA pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai / isalie bhI use avaktavya mAnanA hogA / " ThIka isI prakAra DaoN0 mohana lAla mehatA ne avaktavya kA nimnalikhita tIna artha prastuta kiyA hai-- (1) sat aura asat donoM kA niSedha karanA / (2) sat, asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha karanA / (3) sat aura asat donoM ko akrama se arthAt yugapat svIkRta karanA / jahA~ avaktavya kA tIsarA sthAna hai vahA~ sat aura asat donoM kA niSedha samajhanA cAhie / jahA~ avaktavya kA cauthA sthAna hai vahA~ sat asat aura sadasat tInoM kA niSedha samajhanA cAhie / yadyapi yaha satya bhI hai ki jaina darzana meM avaktavya ke vibhinna rUpa ho sakate haiM / kintu ve sabhI rUpa usake navIna hoNge| prAcIna rUpa to usake do hI bahucarcita haiM - (1) vastu ke samagra svarUpa ko avAcya kahanA, aura (2) vastu ke kinhIM do dharmoM ko yugapatataH avyAkhyeya kahanA / avaktavya ke ina donoM hI rUpoM kA vivecana jainAgamoM meM sarvatra prApta hotA hai / DaoN0 rAmajI siMha ne avaktavya ke ina svarUpoM kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai- "vastu kA svarUpa kucha itanA saMzliSTa evaM sUkSma hotA hai ki zabda usake akhaNDa antaHsthala taka nahIM pahu~ca pAte haiM phira bhI usakA varNana to kiyA hI jAtA hai / pahale asti rUpa varNana hotA hai kintu jaba vahIM aparyAptatA aura apUrNatA prakaTa hotI hai to usakA nAsti rUpa varNana hotA hai kintu phira bhI jaba vastu kI vAstavika evaM ananta sImA ko vaha chU nahIM pAtA hai to asti evaM nAsti ke yugapat ubhaya rUpa meM varNana karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / lekina phira bhI vaha vastu kI samagra vAstavikatA kA jaba darzana nahIM kara pAtA hai to vANI kI nirIhatA, zabda kI akSamatA evaM asamarthatA para khIMjhakara use "avaktavya", "anirvacanIya", "avyAkRta", "agocara", 1. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977, pR0 1-49 / 2. jaina dharma - darzana, pR0 360 - 361 /

Page #212
jaina nyAya meM saplabhaMgI 165 "vacanAtIta", Adi kaha detA hai yA mauna dhAraNa kara letA hai|"' punaH unhoMne avaktavya ke dUsare artha ko prastuta karate hue kahA hai-"avaktavya" kA artha asti evaM nAsti kA yugapat varNana karane kI zAbdika akSamatA hai| donoM arthoM meM vastutattva ke svarUpa-prakAzana meM vANI kI asamarthatA ko hI "avaktavya" kahA jAyegA, lekina pahale artha meM "avaktavya" vANI sAmAnya evaM vyApaka asamarthatA hai, antima artha meM "avaktavya" do dharmoM ko yugapat nahIM kaha sakane kI dRSTi" / 2 yadyapi ina donoM avaktavyoM ke bhI mUla meM yugapatatA hI abhipreta hai tathApi ye donoM eka dUsare se bhinna haiM eka sAmAnya hai to dUsarA vizeSa; eka samaSTi hai to dUsarA vyaSTi / itanA hI nahIM, jaina-darzana ke anusAra vastu ke anekAntAtmaka svarUpa ko lekara jitane bhI avaktavya baneMge ve sabhI eka dUsare se bhinna hoNge| isalie asti aura nAsti rUpa dharmoM se banane vAlI saptabhaMgI meM prayukta avaktavya anya sabhI avaktavyoM se bhinna hai| isalie isa avaktavya ke vibhinna artha nahIM ho sakate haiN| cAhe vaha tIsare sthAna para ho yA cauthe sthAna para ho, kintu usake artha meM koI parivartana nahIM ho sakatA hai| vaha hamezA asti aura nAsti ke sahArpaNa kI asamarthatA ko hI abhivyakta karatA hai| pro0 mahendra kumAra jaina ne ise anya samasta avaktavyoM se viziSTa aura eka arthavAlA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai "avaktavya bhaMga ke do artha hote haiM eka to zabda kI asAmarthya ke kAraNa vastu ke anantadharmA svarUpa ko vacanAgocara, ataeva avaktavya kahanA aura dUsarA vivakSita saptabhaMgI meM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgoM ke yugapat kaha sakane kI sAmarthya na hone ke kAraNa avaktavya kahanA / pahale prakAra meM vaha eka vyApaka rUpa hai jo vastu ke sAmAnya pUrNa rUpa para lAgU hotA hai aura dUsarA prakAra vivakSita do dharmoM ko yugapat na kaha sakane kI dRSTi se hone ke kAraNa vaha eka dharma ke rUpa meM sAmane AtA hai arthAt vastU kA eka rUpa avaktavya bhI hai aura eka rUpa vaktavya bhI, jo zeSa dharmoM ke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai / yahA~ taka ki "avaktavya' zabda ke dvArA bhI usI 1. dArzanika traimAsika varSa 18, aMka 2, apraila 1972, pR0 113 / 2. vhii| 3. jaina-darzana, pR0 376 /

Page #213
166 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kA sparza hotA hai| do dharmoM ko yugapat na kaha sakane kI daSTi se jo avaktavya dharma phalita hotA hai vaha tattat saptabhaMgiyoM meM judA-judA hI hai, yAnI sat aura asat ko yugapat na kaha sakane ke kAraNa jo avaktavya dharma hogA vaha eka bhaMga se judA hogaa| avaktavya aura vaktavya ko lekara jo saptabhaMgI calegI usameM kA avaktavya bhI vaktavya aura avaktavya ko yugapat na kaha sakane ke kAraNa hI phalita hogA, vaha bhI eka dharma rUpa hI hogA / saptabhaMgI meM jo avaktavya dharma vivakSita hai vaha do dharmoM ke yugapat kahane kI asAmarthya ke kAraNa phalita hone vAlA hI vivakSita hai| vastu ke pUrNarUpa vAlA avaktavya bhI yadyapi eka dharma hI hotA hai, para usakA isa saptabhaMgI vAle avaktavya se bheda hai| usameM bhI pUrNarUpa se avaktavyatA aura aMzarUpa se vaktavyatA kI vivakSA karane para saptabhaMgI banAyI jA sakatI hai| kintu nirupAdhi anirvacanIyatA aura vivakSita do dharmoM ko yugapat kaha sakane kI asAmarthyajanya avaktavyatA meM vyApya-vyApaka rUpa se bheda to hai hii|" isa prakAra yaha pUrNatayA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vivakSita saptabhaMgI meM jo avaktavya hai vaha jaina-darzana meM abhikalpita samasta avaktavyoM se bhinna aura viziSTa hai| vaha vastu ke asti aura nAsti rUpa do aura kevala do dharmoM ke yugapatataH pratipAdana kI azakyatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| isalie vibhinna apekSAoM, sthAna parivartanoM va vastu ke samagra svarUpa ke AdhAra para usakA vibhinna artha karanA yukti saMgata nahIM hai| jaina-granthoM meM bhI to jahA~-jahA~ ukta saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA hai| vahA~-vahA~ bhI avaktavya ke yahI artha prApta hote haiM / taba use vibhinna arthavAlA ThaharAnA kahA~ taka ucita hai ? syAdvAdamaMjarI meM kahA gayA hai-"eka vastu ke astitva-nAstitva do dharmoM ke yugapat pradhAnatA se arpita karane vAle zabda ke abhAva se jIvAdi vastu avaktavya haiN|"1' 'saptabhaGgI-naya-pradIpaprakaraNa" meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki yugapat vidhi-niSedha kI kalpanA karane vAlA syAdavaktavya yaha cauthA bhaMga hai| yaha bhaMga vastu ke sat aMza aura asat aMza donoM kI eka kAla 1. dvAbhyAmastitvanAstitva dharmAbhyAM yugapatpradhAnatayArpitAbhyAm ekasya vastuno'bhidhitsAyAM tAdRzasya zabdasyAsambhavAd avaktavyaM jIvAdivastu / " -syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 23 kI TIkA /

Page #214
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI meM prarUpaNA kA niSedhaka hai / jaise eka padArtha ke vidhi-pratiSedha rUpa dharmoM ke yugapat bhAva kI pradhAnatA se yugapat vidhi-niSedha donoM dharmoM ke vAcaka zabda ke abhAva se ghaTAdi vastu avaktavya hai|" saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI bhI avaktavya ke isI artha kA pratipAdana karatI hai| isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vivakSita saptabhaMgI meM prayukta avaktavya eka nizcita arthavAlA hai aura vaha hai asti aura nAsti rUpa do dharmoM ko yugapatataH avyAkhyeya khnaa| paMcama bhaMga ___ yaha saptabhaMgI kA pAMcavA~ bhaMga hai| isameM prathama aura caturtha bhaMga kA saMyoga hai / isakA artha hai sApekSataH"hai aura avaktavya hai| yaha bhaMga vastu ke bhAvAtmaka svarUpa ke sAtha hI usake yugapat bhAva kA bhI pratipAdana karatA hai; arthAt kathana ke prathama samaya meM vastu-svarUpa kI astirUpatA evaM dvitIya samaya meM usake yugapatbhAva kA vivecana karanA pA~caveM bhaMga kA lakSya hai| isa bhaMga kA lakSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai- "ghaTa Adi rUpa dharmI vizeSyaka aura sattva sahita avaktavyatva vizeSaNa vAle jJAna kA janaka vAkyatva, yaha isa bhaMga kA lakSaNa hai| arthAt jisa jJAna meM ghaTa Adi dharmI padArtha vizeSya hoM, aura sattva sahita avaktavyatva vizeSaNIbhUta ho aise jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlA vAkyatva, yahI paMcama bhaMga kA lakSaNa hai; kyoMki isa bhaMga meM dravyatva kI yojanA se to astitva aura eka kAla meM hI dravya paryAya donoM ko milAkara yojanA karane se avaktavyatva rUpa vivakSita hai| saptabhaMgInayapradIpaprakaraNa meM kahA gayA hai ki sat aMza pUrvaka yugapat sat 1. syAdavaktavya (meveti) yugapadvidhiniSedhakalpanayA caturtha iti sadaMzA'sadaMzayoIyoH samakAla prarUpaNAniSedha pradhAno'yaM bhaGgaH, tathAdvA vidhipratiSedhadharmayoryugapatpradhAna bhUtayorekasya padArthasya yugapadvidhiniSedhadvaya iti pradhAna vidhAnavivakSAyAM tAdRkzabdasyA ( bhAvanA ) nirvacanIyAtvAdavaktavyaM ghaTAdi vastu / " -saptabhaGgI-naya-pradIpaprakaraNam, pR0 16 / 2. "ghaTAdirUpaikarmivizeSyakasattvaviziSTAvaktavyatvaprakArakabodhajanakavAkyatvaM tallakSam / tatra dravyArpaNAdastitvasya yugapad dravyaparyAyArpaNAdavaktavyatvasya ca vivakSitatvAt / -saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 71 /

Page #215
168 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA asat aMza anirvacanIya kalpanA pradhAna yaha pAMcavAM bhaMga hai "syAdastyeva ke dvArA svadravyAdi catuSTaya kI dRSTi se astitva vizeSa kA pratipAdana hotA hai aura "syAdavaktavyam" ke dvArA yugapat pradhAna bhAva kI apekSA sat aMza pUrvaka anirvacanIya svarUpa vizeSa kA pratipAdana hotA hai|' SaSTha bhaMga "syAnnAsti ca avaktavyazva" yaha saptabhaMgI kA chaThavA~ bhaMga hai| isameM dvitIya aura caturtha bhaMga kA saMyoga hai| isameM vastutattva ke nAstitva pakSa kI pradhAnatA ke sAtha usake samagra svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| jaise "syAnnAsti ca avaktavyazca azvaH" arthAt sApekSataH azva nAsti rUpa hai aura avaktavya hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki azva meM azvetara dharmoM kA abhAva hai para usakA yugapat svarUpa avaktavya hai| mAtra isI bhAva ko abhivyaMjanA yaha bhaMga karatA hai| saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI meM isakA lakSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki aise hI pRthaka bhUta paryAya aura milita dravyaparyAya kA Azraya karake "syAnnAsti ca avaktavyazva ghaTaH" kisI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM haiM tathA avaktavya hai, isa SaSTham bhaMga kI pravRtti hotI hai| isakA lakSaNa hai ghaTa Adi rUpa eka padArtha vizeSa kA asattva sahita avaktavyatva vAle jJAna ko utpanna krnaa|2 arthAt jisa jJAna meM ghaTa Adi padArtha vizeSya hoM aura asattva sahita avaktavyatva usakA vizeSaNa ho aise jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlA vAkya SaSTha bhaMga hai| para paryAyoM kI apekSA se nAstitva aura milita dravyaparyAya kI apekSA se avaktavyatva, ye donoM isa bhaMga meM vivakSita haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki isa bhaMga meM nAstitva dharma mukhya aura ubhayAtmaka dharma gauNa hai| saptama bhaMga "syAdastinAsti cAvaktavyazca" yaha saptabhaMgI kA sAtavA~ bhaMga aura 1. saptabhaGgI-naya-pradIpaprakaraNam, prathama sarga / 2. tathA vyastaM paryAyaM samastau dravyaparyAyau cAzritya syAnAsti cAvaktavya eva ghaTa iti SaSThaH / tallakSaNaM ca ghaTAdirUpaikarmivizeSyakanAstitvaviziSTAvaktavyatvaprakArakabodhajanakavAkyatvam / -saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 72 /

Page #216
jaina nyAya meM saptabhaMgI 169 antima bhaMga hai| isameM tatIya aura caturtha bhaMgoM kA saMyoga hai| isa bhaMga ke dvArA vastu ke astitva, nAstitva aura ubhaya rUpa avaktavyatva pakSoM kA kathana eka sAtha kintu kramazaH kiyA jAtA hai| yaha bhaMga yaha sUcita karatA hai ki jo vastu sva dravya kI daSTi se astitva dharmayakta hai aura para dravya kI dRSTi se nAstitva dharmayukta hai| vahI sva-para donoM dravyoM kI dRSTi se avaktavyatva dharmayukta hai; yahI bAta isa prakAra se bhI kahI jA sakatI hai ki jo vastu kisI dravyArtha vizeSa kI apekSA se 'astitva" dharmayakta hai aura kisI paryAya vizeSa kI apekSA se "nAstitva" dharmayukta hai vahI dravyaparyAya yugapat kI vivakSA se avaktavya bhI hai| isa prakAra yaha bhaMga astitva, nAstitva aura avaktavyatva kA kramarUpeNa vAcakatva kA sUcaka haiN| saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI meM kahA gayA hai ki alaga-alaga krama se yojita tathA milita rUpa akrama-yojita dravya-paryAya kA Azraya karake "syAt astinAsti ca avaktavyazca ghaTaH" bhaMga kI pravRtti hotI hai / isakA lakSaNa hai ghaTa Adi rUpa eka padArtha vizeSa kA sattva, asattva sahita avaktavyatva vizeSaNa vAle jJAna ko utpanna krnaa|' arthAt jisa jJAna meM ghaTa Adi koI eka padArtha to vizeSya ho aura sattva, asattva sahita avaktavyatva vizeSaNa ho aisA jo jJAna hai usa jJAna ko utpanna karanA isa bhaMga kA lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra kramazaH sattva, asattva aura yugapatataH sattva-asattva rUpa avaktavyatva ko abhivyakta karanA isa bhaMga kA lakSya hai| isa prakAra saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM bhaMga eka dUsare se bhinna tathA navInatathyoM kA prakAzana karane vAle haiM aisA uparyukta vivecana se pratiphalita hotA hai| isa AdhAra para yaha nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM bhaMgoM kA apanA alaga alaga mUlya hai; aura usa mUlyatA ke kAraNa ise saptamUlyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| jisakA vistRta vivecana hama agrima adhyAya meM kreNge| 1. evaM vyastau kramApitau samastau sahArpitau ca dravyaparyAyAvAzritya syAdasti nAsti cAvaktavya eva ghaTa iti saptamabhaMgaH / ghaTAdirUpaikavastuvizeSyakasattvAsattvaviziSTAvaktavyatvaprakArakabodhajanakavAkyatvaM tallakSaNam / " -sasabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 72 /

Page #217
paMcama adhyAya samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI: eka mUlyAMkana saptabhaMgI kA pratIkAtmaka svarUpa Adhunika tarkavidoM kA mantavya hai ki jaina-saptabhaMgI ko tArkika prArUpa pradAna karane kA zreya jainAcArya vidyAnanda ko hai| unhoMne sarvaprathama saptabhaMgI ko nimnalikhita rUpa meM prastuta kiyA thA' : (1) vidhi kalpanA, (2) pratiSedha kalpanA, (3) kramazaH vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA, (4) yugapat vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA, (5) vidhi kalpanA aura yugapat vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA, (6) pratiSedha kalpanA aura yugapat vidhi pratiSedha kalpanA, (7) kramazaH aura yugapat vidhi-pratiSedha kalpanA / spaSTa hai ki zrI vidyAnanda ne saptabhaMgI ke mUla meM kevala do bhaMgoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| zeSa pAMcoM bhaMga ukta donoM bhaMgoM kI vyAkhyA mAtra haiN| kintu isake viparIta kucha tAkikoM kA vicAra hai ki saptabhaMgI ke mUla meM kevala eka hI bhaMga hai dUsarA bhaMga to usI kA niSedhaka hai| isa sandarbha meM DaoN0 (zrImatI) AzA jaina kA vicAra draSTavya hai| unhoMne likhA hai"kintu jaina tArkika ko yaha jJAta na ho sakA ki pratiSedha bhI vAstava meM usI prakAra kA tArkika phala hai jaise kramabhAva aura yugapat bhAva / ataH yadi unake tAkika phalana para vicAra kiyA jAya to vAstava meM mUla bhaMga eka hI hai aura vaha hai vidhi klpnaa| anya bhaMga isI prathama bhaMga ke tArkika phalana se siddha ho jAte haiN| ataH "asti" ko mUlabhaMga mAnanA samIcIna 1. aSTazatI, pR0 125 /

Page #218
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 171 hai / "asti" kA tAtparya sattA kA kathana jo "hai" vaha "hai" / isa "hai" se niSedha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / bhAva meM abhAva garbhita hai / bhAva ke AdhArapara abhAva ko jAnA jAtA hai "asti" ko jAnanA "nAsti" ko jAnanA hai| vastu ke svacatuSTaya kI vyAkhyA meM niSedha kI vyAkhyA nihita hai; kyoMki usakA catuSTaya dUsarI vastu ke catuSTaya se pRthak hai| usakA astitva usake dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvase hai jo "para" ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se pRthak hai / yaha pRthak bhAva hI niSedha kA mUla rUpa hai|'' yadyapi yaha satya hai ki bhAva-abhAva sat-asat, asti-nAsti Adi eka hI vastu ke do pakSa haiN| jo sva-catuSTaya kI apekSA se astirUpa hai vahI para-catuSTaya kI apekSA se nAsti rUpa hai| parantu yaha vyAkhyA vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA ke dRSTikoNa se to ThIka hai / lekina yaha saptabhaMgI ke asti-nAsti bhaMga ke sandarbha meM ThIka nahIM hai| saptabhaMgI ke asti-nAsti meM mukhyatA aura gauNatA kA bheda hai| jahA~ asti bhaMga meM astitva dharma pradhAna hai vahIM nAsti bhaMga meM nAstitva dharma pradhAna hai| yadi asti bhaMga se hI nAsti-bhaMga kA bhI bodha ho to nAsti bhaMga kI nirarthakatA siddha hogii| jaba ki asti aura nAsti ko pRthaka-pRthak aura sArthaka rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / vastutaH asti aura nAstibhaMga kA uddezya alaga-alaga hai / isalie asti bhaMga se hI nAsti bhaMga kA bhI bodha hotA hai, yaha kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI meM isa prazna para ki "syAdastyeva" bhaMga, "syAnAstyeva bhaMga" se kathaMcit bhinna hI hai; vistRta rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai-"prathama bhaMga meM arthAt "syAdastyeva ghaTa:' sattva kI pradhAnatA se pratIti hotI hai tathA dvitIya syAnnAstyeva ghaTaH" bhaMga meM asattva arthAt asattA kI pratIti pradhAnatA se hai kyoMki svarUpa Adi avacchinna sattva hai aura pararUpa Adi avacchinna asattva padArtha, yahA~ sattva-asattva se vivakSita hai| isa prakAra svarUpAditva aura pararUpAditva ina donoM avacchedaka dharmoM ke bheda se sattva tathA asattva inakA bheda siddha hai| yadi aisA na ho to sva rUpa ke sadRza para rUpa se bhI sattva kA prasaMga ho jAyegA aura isI rIti se para rUpa ke asattva ke tulya sva rUpa se 1. 'jaina-tarkazAstra aura Adhunika bahumUlyIya tarkazAstra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" (zodha-prabandha) pR0 147-148 /

Page #219
172 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA bhI asattva kA prasaMga ho jAyegA aura avacchedaka bheda mAnane se donoM kA bheda spaSTa hI haiN|'' isalie sattva tathA asattva dharmoM ko alaga-alaga sUcita karane vAle bhaMgoM asti aura nAsti ko pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM svIkAra karanA hI caahie| sAtha hI, asti bhaMga kA jo satyatA mUlya hai nAsti bhaMga kA usase kama nahIM hai| isalie saptabhaMgI ke mUla meM asti bhaMga ke sAtha hI nAsti bhaMga ko bhI svIkAra karanA caahie| eka anya bAta yaha bhI hai ki asti bhaMga jina dharmoM ko sUcita karatA hai nAsti bhaGga bhI unhIM dharmoM ko sUcita nahIM krtaa| isalie use asti bhaGga kA niSedhaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura jaba vaha asti bhaGga kA niSedhaka nahIM hai taba use bhI mUla bhaGga kA sthAna prApta honA hI caahie| isa prakAra saptabhaGgI meM mUla rUpa se asti-nAsti donoM bhaGga svIkRta haiN| kintu isake viparIta zrImatI AzA jaina ne asti bhaGga ko hI saptabhaGgI kA mUla bhaGga mAnakara, usakI vyAkhyA mAnaka tarkazAstra (maoNDela laoNjika) ke AdhAra para karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"mAna lIjie ki hama "syAt" ko eka yathArtha mADala ApareTara (AkArika saMyantra) mAnate haiM to "syAt" ko hama 0ya kheNge| aba mAna lIjie ki "ya" kA mUlya anirUpAkhya hai to 0ya kA bhI malya anirUpAkhya hogaa| phira yadi hama oya kA niSedha karate haiM to vaha "ya" ho jAtA hai aura aisI paristhiti meM hama use "syAt na-ya" kaha sakate haiN| punaH yadi "ya", "Aya" hai to vaha avazya satya hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda ke prathama bhaGgoM ko nimnalikhita rUpa meM rakha sakate haiM (1) syAda asti - Aya (2) syAnnAsti = ya (3) syAt avaktavya = oya 1. prathame bhaGge sattvasya pradhAnabhAvena pratItiH, dvitIye punassattvasya""svarUpAdya vcchinnmstvmityvcchedkbhedaattyorbhedsiddhH| anyathA svarUpeNeva pararUpeNApi sattvaprasaGgAt / pararUpeNeva svarUpeNApyasatvaprasaGgAcca / saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 9-11 / 2. jaina-tarkazAstra aura Adhunika bahumUlyIya tarkazAstra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 147-148 /

Page #220
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 173 isake pazcAt unhoMne zeSa bhaGgoM ko samuccaya aura vikalpa saMyojaka ke dvArA nimnalikhita rUpa se paribhASita kiyA hai : (4) syAdasti ca nAsti = AVOya (5) syAdasti ca avaktavyam - AyaV oya (6) syAnnAsti ca avaktavyam = AyaV oya (7) syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavyam = AyaVDEVoya spaSTa hai ki uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa meM mAnaka tarkazAstra kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| mAnaka tarkazAstra ke anusAra saMbhAvyatA kA pratIka hai, Avazyaka satya tathA 0 yathArtha satya kA pratIka hai|' zrImatI AzA jaina ne "syAt" pada ko eka parivartanIya parimANaka mAnakara usakA anuvAda A, D, aura 0, ina tInoM pratIkoM meM kiyA hai| aba ina pratIkoM se cihnita karane para syAdasti kA artha saMbhAvya satya, syAnnAsti kA artha Avazyaka satya aura syAdavaktavya kA artha yathArtha satya hogaa| punaH zrImatI AzA jaina ne saptabhaGgI ke mUla meM kevala eka hI bhaMga ko mAnA hai| isalie unhoMne asti, nAsti aura avaktavya ina tInoM ko kevala "ya" se paribhASita kiyA hai| mAnaka tarkazAstra ke anusAra Avazyaka satya vaha hai jo anivArya rUpa se satya ho / saMbhAvya satya kA artha hai ki kathana satya bhI ho sakatA hai aura asatya bhI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra yathArtha satya yaha abhivyakta karatA hai ki kathana vAstava meM na to satya hai aura na to asatya hai pratyuta vaha anirNIta hai arthAt yathArtha satya kathana kI anirNeyatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| isa prakAra inhIM arthoM ke AdhAra para zrImatI AzA jaina ne saptabhaMgI ke pratIkAtmaka svarUpa kA Azaya nimnalikhita rUpa meM prApta kiyA hai___"yadi hama "syAt ya" ko saMbhAvya satya mAnate haiM to "syAt ya", "syAt na ya", "syAt yathArtha ya", "syAt ya athavA syAt na ya", "syAt ya athavA yathArtha ya", "syAt na ya athavA yathArtha ya" aura "syAt ya syAt na ya syAt 1. O P For P is necessary ( necessarily true ) A For P is possible ( Possibly true ) 0 P For P is actual ( actually true) -Nicholas Rescher, Many Valued Logic, p. 189.

Page #221
174 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA yathArtha ya" ye sAta dRSTiyA~ banatI haiN| jinakA mahattva kisI bhI bhaviSya kathana ke sandarbha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie "mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka zyAmala hogA" isa kathana kI satyatA kA vicAra hama pahale saMbhAvya satya, Avazyaka satya aura phira yathArtha satya ke rUpa meM kareMge / tatpazcAt hama vikalpa ke dvArA inakA prayoga kareMge aura isa prakAra saMbhAvya satya athavA Avazyaka satya kA vikalpa prApta kareMge / aise hI saMbhAvya satya athavA yathArtha satya kA vikalpa Avazyaka satya athavA yathArtha satya kA vikalpa aura antata: saMbhAvya satya Avazyaka satya athavA yathArtha satya kA vikalpa prApta kareMge / isa prakAra - (1) yaha saMbhAvya satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka zyAmala hai / (2) yaha Avazyaka satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka zyAmala nahIM hai / (3) yaha yathArtha satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka isa samaya anirNIta varNavAlA hai / (4) yaha Avazyaka satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka yA to zyAmala hai yA zyAmala nahIM hai / (5) yaha Avazyaka satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka zyAmala hai yA anirNIta varNavAlA hai / (6) yaha Avazyaka satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka yA to zyAmala nahIM hai yA anirNIta varNavAlA hai / (7) yaha Avazyaka satya hai ki mitrA kA garbhastha bAlaka yA to zyAmala hai yA zyAmala nahIM hai yA to anirNIta varNavAlA hai / "" isa prakAra mAnaka tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para syAdvAda kI vyAkhyA ho sakatI hai kintu yadi uparyukta vyAkhyA meM syAdvAda hetu mAnaka tarkazAstra se kevala mADala (AkAra) prApta kiyA gayA hotA, aura usa mADala kI vyAkhyA syAdvAda ke anusAra kI gayo hoto to zAyada vaha vyAkhyA syAdvAda ke bahuta hI nikaTa baiThatI / parantu uparyukta vivecana meM mAnaka tarkazAstra se saptabhaMgI 1 1. jaina tarkazAstra aura Adhunika bahu-mUlyoya tarkazAstra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 207-208 /

Page #222
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 175 ke lie mADala prApta kara usa mADala ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI ko pratIkIkRta karake pUnaH usakI vyAkhyA mAnaka tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai jisake kAraNa usameM aneka prakAra kA doSa A gayA hai| sarva prathama, mAnaka tarkazAstra pUrNa rUpa se bhaviSya kAlIna saMbhAvya para nirbhara hai jabaki syAdvAda nhiiN| dUsare, prathama arthAt syAdasti bhaMga eka nizcayAtmaka evaM nirNIta kathana hai / vaha jisa astitva dharma kA vivecana karatA hai vaha nizcita rUpa se vastu meM hai; kyoMki usI astitva dharma kI apekSA se vastu kI sattA hai| isalie syAdasti bhaMga ko saMbhAvya satya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| tIsare, zrImatI AzA jaina ne saptabhaMgI ke mUla meM sirpha eka bhaMga ko mAnakara usake niSedha ke rUpa meM syAnnAsti bhaMga ko svIkAra kiyA hai jo ki jaina vicAraNA ke viparIta hai| isakA vistAra se vivecana hamane pUrva meM kiyA hai| cauthe, upayukta vivecana meM bhaviSyakAlIna saMbhAvya ghaTanA kA jo dRSTAnta liyA gayA hai vaha avaktavya ke sandarbha meM ThIka nahIM baiThatI hai; kyoMki uparyukta dRSTAnta meM jo bhaviSya kAlIna saMbhAvya ghaTanA hai vaha vAstava meM nirNIta hI hai| kevala usake bAre meM jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| vaha bhI eksare aura zrAva Adi ke jA~ca ke dvArA prApta kI jA sakatI hai taba vaha anirNIta kahA~ hai ? vaha yogiyoM ke lie bhI jJeya hai| vaha kevala sAmAnya vyaktiyoM ke lie hI ajJAta hai| vaha yathArtha kathana ukta saMbhAvya kI vAstavikatA aura avAstavikatA para vicAra karatA hai jabaki avaktavya ke prazna kA sambandha kathana kI vAstavikatA aura avAstavikatA se nahIM hai arthAt avaktavya kA sambandha asti-nAsti kI satyatA-asatyatA se nahIM hai yaha unakI vAstavika sthiti ko nizcita nahIM karatA hai pratyuta asti-nAsti ke yugapatbhAva yA eka sAtha na kaha sakane kI asamarthatA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| asti-nAsti ke yugapat bhAva vAstavika hai lekina unake kahane kI asamarthatA hai| jabaki diye hue dRSTAnta meM, bAlaka kA zyAmala honA yA na honA bhI nizcita hai| vAstava meM vaha eka hI varNavAlA hai| lekina kahane ke artha meM usake kahane kI asamarthatA kA koI bodha nahIM hotA hai| isalie upayukta pratIka ThIka DhaMga se nahIM baiThatA hai / vastutaH uparyukta vyAkhyA ko yuktisaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi saptabhaMgI ke mUla bhaMgoM ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhaMga sAMyogika prakathana hI haiN| kintu unakI vaha sAMyogitA tarkazAstrIya saMyojana (kanjaMkzana)

Page #223
176 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA hai yA vaikalpika (Disjankzana) hai athavA ina sabhI saMyantroM kA saMyoga hai yA inameM se koI nahIM hai| isa bAta kA koI Thosa nirNaya abhI taka tarkavidoM meM nahIM ho pAyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kisI ne saptabhaMgI ko vikalpAtmaka yA vaikalpika kathana mAnA hai, to kisI ne saMyojanAtmaka kathana kahA hai aura kisI-kisI ne hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya mAnA hai| pro0 saMgama lAla pANDeya ne saMyojana (kanjankzana) aura vaikalpika (Disjakzana)" donoM hI saMyantroM kA prayoga saptabhaMgI meM eka sAtha kiyA hai| yadyapi saptabhaMgI tri-mUlyAtmaka nahIM hai| tathApi pro0 pANDeya ne lukAsIviz2a ke tri-malyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para hI saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| jo isa prakAra hai : "yadi hama vikalpa kI satyatA-sAraNI ko lukAsIviz2a ke tarkazAstra se leM to vaha nimna prakAra kI hogI sAriNI-1 kha/ka ka | ~ka | / ka / kha sa an a sa / a an / an a | sa a / sa sa sa __ an | sa an an a | sa an a jabaki (1) ka aura kha tarkavAkya haiN| (2) ~ niSedha kA pratIka hai| (3) v vikalpa kA pratIka hai| (4) sa = satyatA (5) an = anabhilApyatA (6) a- asatyatA isa sAraNI ke anusAra "ka" aura "kha" ke nau vikalpa haiN| ina nau vikalpoM meM se kevala vahI vikalpa asatya hai jinameM "ka" aura "kha" donoM asatya haiN| zeSa sabhI vikalpa yA to satya haiM yA anabhilApya haiM aura vikalpa kA niyama yaha mAnatA hai ki usakA satyatA-mUlya usake avayavoM kI adhikatama satyatA hai / isa sAraNI ke anusAra yadi hama syAdvAda kI parIkSA kareM

Page #224
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 177 to pahale hameM sAtoM vAkyoM ko pratIkoM meM rakhanA cAhiye / mAna lIjie pahalA vAkya "ka" hai to dUsarA vAkya "~ ka" huaa| tIsarA vAkya "kaV~ka" huA / cauthA vAkya "ka~ka" huA jabaki ^ yugapat bhAva kA pratIka hai| isI prakAra pAMcavAM vAkya ka v (ka A ~ ka) chaThA~ vAkya ~ kaV (ka A ~ ka) sAtavA~ vAkya (ka v ~ ka) V (ka A ~ ka) ina sabhI vAkyoM meM se kisI ko bhI asatya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| inake pramANIkaraNa meM yugapat bhAva ko bhI sAraNI nihita hai jo yoM haiM : sAraNI-2 kha/ka ka |~kha / ka I kha sa an a - - - - ana sa sa an a / sa an a / an an a a a a jaba ki (1) samuccaya yA yugapatbhAva kA pratIka hai aura zeSa pratIka prathama sAraNI ke hI anusAra haiN| spaSTa hai ki yugapatbhAva kA niyama batAtA hai ki usakI satyatA kA mUlya usake avayavoM kI nyUnatama satyatA hai / aba hama syAdvAda kA pramANIkaraNa uparyukta donoM sAraNiyoM ke AdhAra para kara sakate haiM aura dekha sakate haiM ki saptabhaMgI kA koI bhI bhaMga asatya nahIM hai / vaha satya hai yA anabhilApya hai|' ___inameM pUrva meM isa bAta para vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki saptabhaMgI ko trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke antargata nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra se saptabhaMgI kI kisI bhI prakAra saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai| isameM sabase bar3I kaThinAI yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI ke kisa bhaMga ko asatya aura kisa bhaMga ko anabhilApya kahA jAya ? jaba ki saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMgoM kA satyatA mUlya satya hai / unameM se kisI bhI bhaMga ko asatya nahIM kahA jA 1. dArzanika traimAsika, varSa 20, aGka 4, julAI 1975, pR0 177 /

Page #225
178 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA sakatA hai / yadyapi nAsti bhaMga niSedhAtmaka hai tathApi vaha asatya (0) mUlyavAlA nahIM hai| jabaki uparyukta sAraNiyoM meM sabhI vikalpa satya, asatya aura anabhilApyatA tInoM ko lekara hI banate haiN| cU~ki saptabhaMgI meM satya, asatya aura anabhilApyatA tInoM kA eka sAtha pAyA jAnA sambhava nahIM hai / isalie saptabhaMgI kI tulanA tri-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra se karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI ke sAMyogika kathanoM meM saMyojana hI spaSTa parilakSita hai| isalie use vaikalpika ke dvArA vyAkhyAyita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| punaH, saptabhaGgI ke lie eka dasarI satyatA sAraNI prastuta karate hue DaoN0 pANDeya ne kahA hai ki saptabhaGgI ke sAtoM kathanoM kI yaha vaha satyatA sAraNI hai jisameM pratyeka kathana kA satyatA mUlya T yA I hai| inameM tIna kriyAtmaka saMyantroM niSedhaka (-), vaikalpika (V) aura saMyojaka (1) tathA unakI vAstavika grAhyatA ko pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| kalpanA kIjie P eka kathana hai, jisakA satyatA mUlya I hai| aba P kA niSedha (~P) bhI I hai| P aura ~P kA saMyojana bhI I hai aura punaH P aura ~P kA vaikalpika Pv~P bhI I hai| isa prakAra saptabhaGgI ke prathama cAra kathana P,~P, PY~P aura PA~P hai aura pratyeka kA satyatA malya I hai| pA~cavA~ kathana prathama aura caturtha kA saMyojana hai, chaThavA~ kathana caturtha aura dvitIya kA saMyojana aura aMtima sAtavA~ kathana caturtha aura tIsare kA saMyojana hai| isa prakAra kramazaH saMyojana ke niyama ke anusAra ina tIna sAMyogika kathanoM kA satyatA-mUlya I hai, isalie sAtoM nayoM kI sAraNI isa prakAra hai (1) P jahA~ PI hai, (2) ~P jo ki I hai, (3) PV~P jo ki I hai, (4) PA~P jo ki I hai, (5) PA (PN-P) jo ki I hai| 1. "Nayavada and Many Valued Logic". 'Seminar on Jain Logic and Philosophy 27th to 30th November 1975, Deptt. of Philosophy, Poona University

Page #226
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 179 (6) ~PA (PA~P) jo ki I hai, (7) (PA~P) A (PA ~P) jo ki I hai / Age unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki isa sAraNI kI prAmANikatA tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para siddha kI jA sakatI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki yadi hama nayoM ke tarkazAstra ko vyavasthita kareM to yaha lukAsIviz2a ke tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra se pramANita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki (jisa prakAra lukAsIviz2a kA tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra madhyapada parihAra ke niyama aura virodhitA ke niyama ko nahIM mAnatA hai| usI prakAra saptabhaGgI madhyapada parihAra ke niyama kA khaNDana karatI hai; kyoMki Pv~P jo ki AkArika tarkazAstra ke niyama ke anusAra TATAlAjI nahIM hai| isakA satyatA mUlya T aura ~T hai (kintu jaina saptabhaGgI ise bhI TATAlAjI mAnatI hai isake anusAra yaha bhI satya hI hai)| isI prakAra yaha virodhitA ke niyama kA bhI khaNDana karatI hai| Pv~P jo ki AkArika takazAstra ke niyama ke anusAra asatya nahIM hai lekina satya hai| yaha kalpanA karate haiM ki saMghaTakoM ke satyatA mUlyoM ke saMyojana kA satyatA-mUlya asatya aura unake vaikalpika kA satyatA-mUlya asatya hotA hai|' yadyapi yaha satya hai ki jaina-saptabhaMgI tarkazAstrIya virodhitA ke niyama aura madhyapada parihAra ke niyama ko nahIM mAnatI hai| yaha usakA khaNDana karatI hai, kyoMki yaha paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA sAtha-sAtha rahanA saMbhava mAnatI hai| arthAt eka hI vastu meM sat, asat, nitya, anitya Adi paraspara virodhI guNa-dharma aviruddha bhAva se vidyamAna rahate haiM, isa kathana ko saptabhaMgI svIkAra karatI hai| isalie saptabhaMgI ke anusAra ina dharmoM para Azrita eka hI kathana satya aura asatya donoM ho sakatA hai| jabaki tarkazAstra isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai| tarkazAstra ke vyAghAtakatA ke niyama ke anusAra "a","ba" aura "a-ba" nahIM ho sktaa| jisa vastu kA abhAva hai usakA bhAva nahIM ho sakatA aura jisakA bhAva hai usakA abhAva nahIM ho sktaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, koI bhI vastu eka sAtha bhAva rUpa aura abhAva rUpa donoM nahIM ho sakatI hai / isa prakAra Adhunika tarkazAstra 1. "Nayavada and Many Valued Logic" 'Seminar on Jain Logic and Philosophy 27th to 30th November 1975, Deytt. of Philosophy, Poona University

Page #227
180 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA vastu ke bhAva aura abhAva donoM rUpa hone kA virodha karatA hai / usake anusAra jo satya hai vaha hamezA satya hI rahegA / isI prakAra jo asatya hai vaha hamezA asatya hI rahegA, usameM satyatva-asatyatva donoM rUpa kadApi nahIM A sakatA hai; kintu isa tarkazAstrIya niyama kA khaNDana lukAsIviz2a ne eka bhaviSya kAlIna kathana ko lekara kiyA thA / unhoMne usa kathana ke AdhAra para eka tRtIya satyatA - mUlya kI kalpanA kI thii| jisakI tulanA Aja ke tarkavid jaina - saptabhaMgI se karate haiM / jise kisI bhI prakAra se ucita nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki jaina-saptabhaGgI meM satya aura asatya kI avadhAraNA pRthak-pRthak nahIM hai / pratyeka bhaGga satya aura asatya donoM ho sakatA hai / isalie yadi isakI tulanA kA prayAsa lukAsIviz2a ke tri mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra se karate haiM to usake kevala tRtIya satyatA- mUlya saMbhAvyatA se hI kara sakate haiM / lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA- mUlya AdhAra para saptabhaGgI ke sabhI bhaMgoM ko saMbhAvya kahA jA sakatA hai / kintu kisI bhaMga ko saMbhAvya, kisI bhaMga ko satya aura kisI bhaMga ko asatya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / kintu isake viparIta pro0 pANDeya saptabhaMgI kI tulanA trimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra se karane ke bAda bhI pratyeka bhaMga ko satya hI kahate haiM / yadyapi saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka kathana satya hai; kyoMki ve sabhI sApekSika haiM / jaina- syAdvAda ke anusAra jo bhI kathana sApekSika hotA hai, vaha satya haiM / isalie saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaMgoM kI satyatA kA kAraNa usakI sApekSikatA hai na ki saMbhAvyatA / vastutaH saptabhaMgI kI tulanA saMbhAvyatA se karake pratyeka kathana ko satya mUlyavAlA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki tri-mUlyIya tarka-zAstra se saptabhaMgI kI tulanA karane para mizrita kathanoM kA satyatA - mUlya cAhe jo bhI ho, para tIna mUla kathanoM meM se eka kA satyatA - mUlya satya ( 1 ), dUsare kA asatya (0) aura tIsare kA saMbhAvya satyatA - mUlma (1/2) avazya hI honA cAhie; kyoMki mizrita kathanoM ke satyatA - mUlyoM ko prathama bhaMgoM ke satyatA- mUlyoM ke AdhAra para hI nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai / parantu pro0 pANDeya ne saptabhaMgI kI tulanA tri mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra se karane ke bAda bhI unake kisI bhI bhaMga ko asatya aura saMbhAvya satyatA - mUlya vAlA mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hai / unhoMne saptabhaGgI ko trimUlyAtmaka to kahA hai / parantu pratyeka bhaGga ke lie satya (1) satyatA mUlya kA hI prayoga kiyA hai jo ki ucita nahIM hai /

Page #228
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgo : eka mUlyAMkana 181 tIsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki jo pratIka prathama bhaMga ko diyA jAya / punaH usI pratIka ko dUsare bhaGga ko bhI dekara usakA niSedha kiyA jAya aura prathama tathA dvitIya donoM bhaGgoM ko satya kahA jAya to yaha bAta bhI AtmavirodhI pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki yaha tarkazAstra ke niyama ke viparIta to hai hii| sAtha hI yaha jaina-vicAraNA ko bhI mAnya nahIM hai| yadyapi saptabhaGgI bhI isI taraha ke niyama kA prayoga karatI hai| parantu vaha niSedha ke rUpa meM itara vastu kA kathana karatI hai usameM bhI aspaSTatA avazya hai| parantu usa aspaSTatA ko punaH-punaH doharAnA ucita nahIM hai| isalie dUsare bhaMga ke lie kisI anya pratIka kA prayoga karake usake mUla uddezya ko spaSTa karanA caahie| jisakA uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa meM abhAva hai| isalie ukta vyAkhyA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| isI prakAra saptabhaMgI kA eka tIsarA prArUpa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi ye tInoM prArUpa eka jaise hI haiM kintu isake pramANIkaraNa meM bhinnabhinna niyamoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isalie ina tInoM ho pratIkAtmaka prArUpoM kA vivecana apekSita hai| isa pratIkAtmaka svarUpa ko abhivyakta karate hue pro0 pANDeya ne kahA hai ki syAdvAda nayavAda kA eka prakAra hai aura pramANasaptabhaGgI hI nayasaptabhaMgI hai| syAdvAda eka satya kathana hai aura pramANasaptabhaGgo sAta satya kathanoM ko sAraNI hai jo niSedha, saMyoga aura vikalpa kI kriyAoM ke dvArA eka vidheyAtmaka kathana se banI hai| udAharaNArtha hameM vicAra karanA cAhie; yadi syAdvAda eka satya kathana hai to pramANasaptabhaGgI nimnalikhita rUpa meM banegI (1) P ( P kI abhivyakti ) (2) -P ( P kA niSedha) (3) PV_P ( P aura -P kA vaikalpika ) (4) P-P ( P aura-P kA saMyoga) (5) P* ( P..-P) ( pahale aura cauthe kA saMyoga) (6) -P. ( P.-P) ( dUsare aura cauthe kA saMyoga) (7) ( PV-P ). ( PP ) tIsare aura cauthe kA saMyoga) tatpazcAt unhoMne ukta pratIkIkaraNa ko satya sAbita karane ke lie dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra kA sahArA liyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai-"kalpanA kIjie ki P eka kathana ke lie prayukta hotA hai ki "gAyeM sapheda haiM" / aba

Page #229
182 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA jaina kaheMge ki isa satya kathana kA sahI AkAra yaha hogA ki "syAt gAyeM sapheda haiM / jahA~ "syAt" artha viSayaka parimANaka hai| lekina yaha zabda yojanA sambandhI parimANaka ko bhI samAhita karatA hai aura sattAtmaka parimANaka ke rUpa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai ki "syAt" pada se vizeSita kathana vaiyaktika kathana hogA aura vaha sAmAnya kathana nahIM hogaa| aba eka vidhAyaka yA vidheyAtmaka kathana ko vaiyaktika vidheyAtmaka tarkavAkya yA prakathana ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai| isalie "syAt gAyeM sapheda haiM" eka (1) satya tarkavAkya hai / "gAyeM sapheda haiM" kA niSedha "syAt gAyeM sapheda nahIM haiM" jise eka (0) asatya tarkavAkya ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai|" "aba virodhitA ke niyama ke anusAra satya (1) aura asatya (0) tarkavAkyoM meM sambandha yaha hai ki satya (1) aura asatya (0) dono eka sAtha satya ho sakatA hai| donoM eka sAtha asatya nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi (1) "syAt P" satya hai to (2) "syAt-P" bhI satya ho sakatA hai, jisase donoM 1 aura 0 eka sAtha hI satya ho sakate haiM aura vaikalpika evaM saMyojaka ke dvArA hama kramazaH (3) "syAt PV-P" aura (4) "syAt (P-P) ko bhI satya kaha sakate haiM; kyoMki donoM 1 aura 0 eka sAtha satya ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra pramANasaptabhaMgI ke prathama cAra bhaMgoM kA satyatA-mUlya 'T' dvArA abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| dUsare tIna kathana pUrva kathanoM ke saMyojana haiN| isalie ve bhI satyatA mUlya 'T' ke dvArA pradarzita kiye jA sakate haiM / isa prakAra pramANa saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM kathana eka sAtha satya ho sakate haiN| __ yadyapi yaha vyAkhyA dvi-mUlyoya tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para to ThIka hai| parantu dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra kA sapta bhaMgI se koI sambandha ThIka nahIM baiThatA hai| isalie isa vivecana meM bhI aneka prakAra ko kaThinAiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiN| jinameM se kucha adholikhita haiM : (1) pahalI kaThinAI yaha hai ki nAsti bhaMga ko asatya tarkavAkya nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki asatya tarkavAkya vaha hai jo vidhAyaka tarkavAkya 1. dArzanika traimAsika, varSa 20, aGka 4, julAI 1975, pR0 178 / 2. vhii|

Page #230
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 183 kA niSedhaka ho / kintu nAsti bhaMga asti bhaMga kA niSedhaka nahIM hai| yaha asti bhaMga meM kahe gaye viSaya se bhinna viSaya kA kathana karatA hai| isalie ise vidheyAtmaka kathana ke rUpa meM hI liyA jA sakatA hai, niSedhAtmaka bhaMga ke rUpa meM nhiiN| yadi jaina AcArya prathama bhaMga meM "gAya zveta haiM" aisA kahakara nAsti bhaMga meM "gAyeM zveta nahIM haiM" aisA kahate to niSedhAtmaka yA asatya tarkavAkya banatA; kintu ve prathama bhaMga meM "gAyeM zveta haiM" aisA kahane ke pazcAt "nAsti bhaMga meM "gAyeM kAlI nahIM haiM" aisA kahate haiM / isalie vahA~ asat tarkavAkya nahIM banatA hai| (2) dUsarI kaThinAI yaha hai ki jainAcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI ke mizrita kathanoM ko sAMyogika kathana kahA hai| isalie ve saMyojaka kathana hai na ki vaikalpika / thor3A dhyAna dene para yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki bhaMgoM meM vaikalpika ko nahIM ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai jaise syAdasti ca nAsti kA "kisI apekSA se ghaTa meM ghaTatva dharma hai aura taditara nahIM hai" aisA artha hotA hai na ki kisI apekSA se yA to ghaTa hai yA nahIM hai| vastutaH use saMyojaka kathana hI kahanA caahie| (3) tIsarI kaThinAI yaha hai ki jaba saptabhaMgI meM nirapekSataH sat aura asat satyatA-mUlya nahIM banatA hai; taba usakI tulanA dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra se kisa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai ? dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra to do hI (satya aura asatya) satyatA-mUlyoM para calatA hai| isalie usake AdhAra para saptabhaMgI ko pramANita karane kA prayAsa karanA vyartha hai| yadi kisI taraha asti bhaMga ko sat aura nAsti ko asat mAna bhI liyA jAya to nAsti bhaMga dunayatA ko prApta ho jAyegA ? jo ki jaina siddhAnta ke viparIta hai| isalie use asat yA zUnya mUlyavAlA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra satyatA aura asatyatA apekSA vizeSa se pratyeka bhaMga meM pAyI jAtI hai| ataeva jaina-saptabhaMgI dvi-mUlyIya nahIM hai| san 1977 meM saptabhaMgI ke tArkika svarUpa ke sandarbha meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne eka lekha prakAzita karAyA thaa| unhoMne usa lekha meM yaha pradarzita kiyA thA ki saptabhaMgI hetuphalAzrita hai aura unhoMne hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI ke pratIkAtmaka svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| saptabhaGgI kI pratIkAtmakatA ke sandarbha meM unakA yaha lekha

Page #231
184 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA draSTavya hai-saptabhaGgI kA pratyeka bhaGga eka sApekSika nirNaya prastuta karatA hai| saptabhaGgI meM "syAt asti" Adi jo sAta bhaGga haiM; ve kathana ke tArkika AkAra mAtra haiN| unameM syAt zabda kathana kI sApekSikatA kA sUcaka hai aura asti evaM nAsti kathana ke vidhAnAtmaka (apharameTiva) aura niSedhAtmaka (nigeTiva) hone ke sUcaka haiN| kucha jaina vidvAn asti ko sattA kI bhAvAtmakatA kA aura nAsti ko abhAvAtmakatA kA sUcaka mAnate haiN| kintu yaha dRSTikoNa jaina-darzana ko mAnya nahIM ho sakatA / udAharaNa ke lie jaina-darzana meM AtmA bhAva rUpa hai vaha abhAva rUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki syAt asti, syAt nAsti apane Apa meM koI kathana nahIM hai; apitu kathana ke tArkika AkAra haiN| ve kathana ke prArUpa haiM, una prArUpoM ke lie apekSA tathA uddezya aura vidheya padoM kA ullekha Avazyaka hai| jaise-syAt asti bhaMga kA Thosa udAharaNa hogA-dravya kI apekSA se AtmA nitya hai| yadi hama isameM apekSA (dravyatA) aura vidheya (nityatA) kA ullekha nahIM kareM aura kaheM ki syAt AtmA asti to aise kathana aneka bhrAntiyoM ko janma deNge| Adhanika tarkazAstra kI daSTi se saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sApekSika kathana hai, jise hetuphalAzrita vAkya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura saptabhaGgI meM utpanna bhrAntiyoM se bacane ke lie use sAMketika rUpa meM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saptabhaGgI ke isa sAMketika prArUpa ke nirmANa meM hamane cihnoM kA prayoga unake sAmane darzita arthoM meM kiyA hai : artha yadi""to (hetuphalAzrita kathana) athavA antarbhUtatA (implIkezana) apekSA (dRSTikoNa) saMyojana (aura) yugapatbhAva (eka sAtha) anantatva vyAghAtaka (viruddha), niSedhaka uddezya vidheya na

Page #232
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 185 bhaMgoM ke Agamika rUpa bhaMgoM ke sAMketika rUpa Thosa udAharaNa syAt asti AuAvita hai| yadi dravya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai| syAt nAsti a25 uAvita nahIM hai| yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| syAt asti nAsti ca 12 uvi hai yadi dravya kI apekSA se a25 uvita nahIM hai| vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya hai aura yadi paryAya kI apekSA se vicAra karate haiM to AtmA nitya nahIM hai| syAt avaktavya (1 a2) yau yadi dravya aura paryAya avaktavya hai| donoM hI apekSA se yA athavA ananta apekSAoM se eka a u avaktavya hai| sAtha vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai (kyoMki do bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se do alagaalaga kathana ho sakate haiM kintu eka kathana nahIM ho sktaa)| syAt asti ca 12 uvihai0( yadi dravya kI apekSA se avaktavya ca 0a2)ya u1 ya vicAra karate haiM to avaktavya hai yA AtmA nitya hai kintu 12 uvita hai0(a) yadi AtmA kI dravya yA u1 avaktavya hai paryAya donoM yA ananta apekSAoM kI dRSTi se eka sAtha vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai|

Page #233
186 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA syAt nAsti ca a25 uAvita nahIM hai yadi paryAya kI apekSA se avaktavya 0(10a2)ya u1 vicAra karate haiM to avaktavya hai / yA AtmA nitya nahIM hai kintu a25 uvita nahIM hai yadi ananta apekSA kI 0(a)ya dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM avaktavya hai| to AtmA avaktavya hai| syAt asti ca nAsti 1- uvihai0a2 yadi dravya dRSTi se ca avaktavya ca - uAvita nahIM hai| vicAra karate haiM to (102) ya u AtmA nitya hai aura yadi avaktavya hai| paryAya kI dRSTi se vicAra yA karate haiM to AtmA nitya Au vita hai0a2 nahIM haiM; kintu yadi ana uvita nahIM hai0 nta apekSAoM kI dRSTi se (a)yau vicAra karate haiM to AtmA avaktavya hai| avaktavya hai| tatpazcAt unhoMne dvitIya bhaMga kI nimnalikhita cAra prakAra se vyAkhyA ko hai :(1) prathama bhaMga-17 u1 vi1 hai| dvitIya bhaMga-a25 uAvita nahIM hai / udAharaNa-prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma (vidheya) kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM usI dharma (vidheya) kA niSedha kara denaa| jaise-dravya dRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai paryAya kI dRSTi se ghar3A nitya nahIM hai| (2) prathama bhaMga-15 u vita hai| dvitIya bhaMga-15 u2 - vi| hai| - yaha cihna prathama bhaMga ke vidheya ke viruddha vidheya kA sUcaka hai jaise nitya ke sthAna para anitya / udAharaNa-prathama bhaMga meM jisa dharma kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, apekSA badalakara dvitIya bhaMga meM usake viruddha dharma (vidheya) kA pratipAdana kara denA hai| jaise-dravya dRSTi se ghar3A nitya hai, paryAya dRSTi se ghar3A anitya hai /

Page #234
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 187 (3) prathama bhaMga - a 1 31 vi1 hai / dvitIya bhaMga - a1 - 31 ~ vi 1 nahIM hai / udAharaNa prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita dharma kI puSTi hetu usI apekSA se dvitIyabhaMga meM usake viruddha dharma yA bhinna dharma kA vastu meM niSedha kara denA / jaise-- raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja nIlI hai / raMga kI dRSTi se yaha kamIja pIlI nahIM hai athavA apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA meM cetanA hai / apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se AtmA acetana nahIM hai / athavA upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A miTTI kA hai / upAdAna kI dRSTi se yaha ghar3A svarNa nahIM hai / (4) prathama bhaMga - a 1 dvitIya bhaMga - a2 1 hai / 31 nahIM hai / udAharaNa - jaba pratipAdita kathana deza yA kAla donoM ke sambandha meM ho taba deza, kAla Adi kI apekSA ko badala kara prathama bhaMga meM pratipAdita kathana kA niSedha kara denA / jaise- 15 agasta 1947 ke 'pazcAt se pAkistAna kA astitva hai / 15 agasta 1947 ke pUrva pAkistAna kA astitva nahIM thA / dvitIya bhaMga ke uparyukta cAroM rUpoM meM prathama aura dvitIya rUpa meM bahuta adhika maulika bheda nahIM hai / antara itanA hI hai ki jahA~ prathama rUpa meM eka hI dharma (vidheya) kA prathama bhaMga meM vidhAna aura dUsare bhaMga meM niSedha hotA hai, vahA~ dUsare rUpa meM donoM bhaMgoM meM alaga-alaga rUpa meM do viruddha dharmoM (vidheyoM) kA vidhAna hotA hai / prathama rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai jaba vastu meM eka hI guNa apekSAbheda se kabhI upasthita raheM aura kabhI upasthita nahIM raheM / isa rUpa ke lie vastu meM do viruddha dharmoM ke yugala kA honA jarUrI nahIM hai, jabaki dUsare rUpa kA prastutIkaraNa kevala usI sthiti meM sambhava hotA hai, jabaki vastu meM dharma viruddha yugala hoM hI / tIsarA rUpa taba banatA hai jabaki usa vastu meM pratipAdita dharma ke viruddha dharma kI upasthiti hI na ho / catuthaM rUpa kI AvazyakatA taba hotI hai jabaki hamAre pratipAdana meM vidheya kA spaSTa rUpa se ullekha nahIM ho / dvitIya bhaMga meM pUrvokta rUpoM meM prathama rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai, dharma ( vidheya) vahI rahatA hai aura kriyApada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai / dvitIya rUpa meM apekSA

Page #235
188 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA badalatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha dharma (vidheya kA vyAghAtaka pada) hotA hai aura kriyApada vidhAnAtmaka hotA hai| tRtIya rUpa meM apekSA vahI rahatI hai, dharma (vidheya) ke sthAna para usakA viruddha yA viparIta pada rakhA jAtA hai aura kriyApada niSedhAtmaka hotA hai tathA antima caturtha rUpa meM apekSA badalatI hai aura pratipAdita kathana kA niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai| upayukta vyAkhyA yadyapi jaina dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa karane ke lie bahuta hI upayogI hai| kintu Adhanika tarkazAstra ke daSTikoNa se isakA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| sarvaprathama, jaina-saptabhaMgI hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya to haiM nhiiN| dUsare, isakA ukta pratIkIkaraNa hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya ke kisa siddhAnta para Azrita hai ? isakA koI spaSTa ullekha upayukta vyAkhyA meM nahIM hai| sAtha hI, yadi apekSA sUcaka syAt pada ko hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya ke pUrvapada (aiNTisIDenTa) ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jAya to usase saptabhaMgI kA jo rUpa banatA hai vaha rUpa yadyapi uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa se kucha milatA-julatA hI hogA tathApi isa viSaya meM usakA vikAsa kaise kiyA jAya ? yaha bAta samajha meM nahIM aatii| dUsare, aisA karane se saptabhaMgI ke apane bhaMgoM ke bIca koI Antarika sambandha nahIM raha jAyegA / ve eka dUsare se svatantra ho jaayeNge| jabaki saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM bhaMga eka dUsare se svatantra haiM nhiiN| hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI kA jo pratIkAtmaka rUpa banatA hai vaha ekadama kAlpanika jaisA pratIta hotA hai| use hetuphalAzrita ke kisI bhI siddhAnta se jor3A nahIM jA sakatA hai| ataeva pramANa ke abhAva meM saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA hetuphalAzrita tarkavAkya ke AdhAra para karanA ayukta hI hogaa| Adhunika bahu-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra kI eka prazAkhA sambhAvyatA kA tarkazAstra bhI hai| usa saMbhAvya tarkazAstra ke pariprekSya meM saptabhaMgI kA eka adhyayana DaoN0 Ara0 ena0 mukarjI ne kiyA hai| unhoMne saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka kathana ko AMzika mAnakara yaha vicAra prastuta kiyA ki usake pratyeka bhaMga ko yadi eka sAtha kiyA jAya to usase pUrNa sattA kA bodha hotA hai; arthAt usake eka-eka bhaMga se sattA ke eka-eka aMza kA jJAna hotA hai aura una eka-eka bhaMgoM ko jor3ane se pUrNa sattA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai / 1. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977, pR0 1-43 /

Page #236
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 189 isa taraha kI vicAradhArA saMbhAvya tarkazAstra meM bhI milatI hai| isalie saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA saMbhAvya takazAstra ke AdhAra para karanA sambhava hai| kyoMki saptabhaMgI ke siddhAnta kA prArUpa saMbhAvyatA ke siddhAnta ke kisIkisI prArUpa ke samIpa baiThatA hai| isa sandarbha meM DaoN0 mukarjI kA prayAsa avalokanIya hai-"syAdvAda ke sAtoM bhaMgoM ko eka sAtha lene para pUrNa sattA kA pUrNa jJAna hotA hai| unakI alaga-alaga hama bahu-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke eka saMbhAvyAtmaka vyAkhyA ke anusAra nimnalikhita mulya de sakate haiN| isa paddhati meM hama dohare niSedha ko vidheyAtyaka pakSa kI taraha samAna mUlya pradAna karate haiN| yadyapi ve jaina-darzana meM samAna vastu kI taraha mUlya nahIM rakhate / hamane avaktavya ke lie bhI niSedhAtmaka mUlya diyA hai| jisakA kAraNa lekha ke pichale bhAga meM batAyA jA cukA hai| isameM sahArpaNa arthAt avaktavya ko "0" pratIka aura kramArpaNa arthAt asti ca nAsti ko "." (DATa) pratIka diyA gayA hai| al (A 1/6 a (-A) 1/6 b. (= 2a) A * (- A) 2/6 or 1/3 c. - [AO - (- A)] 3/6 or 1/2 d. di / A - [AO - (CA)] 4/6 or 1/2 ca (-A) - [AO - (CA)] 4/6 or 2/3 e. (= c + b) A - (-A) - [A0 - (- A)] 5/6 I. (= 2c) A0 - (-A) 6/6 or 1 saptabhaMgI kA yaha pratIkAtmaka rUpa chaH mUlyAtmaka saMbhAvya tarkazAstra ke samAna saMcAlita kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaise kisI khela meM jaba chaH ma~ha vAle pAse ko pheMkA jAtA hai taba bhinna-bhinna avasara para bhinna-bhinna saMbhAvanAyeM prApta hotI haiN| jaise eka avasara meM 1/6 sambhAvanA prApta hotI hai do meM 2/6, tIna meM 3/6, cAra meM 4/6, pA~ca meM 5/6 aura chaH meM 6/6 arthAt pUrNa athavA kisI anya kI prApti kI sambhAvanA hotI hai| isake atirikta saptabhaMgI ke pratIkIkaraNa meM kucha aura bhI niyamoM ko mAnanA par3atA hai, jisako sAraNI meM dikhAyA gayA hai| uparyukta sAraNI meM 1/6 arthAt pahalA mUlya avasara kI prApti kI 1/6 sambhAvanA ko

Page #237
190 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA pradarzita karatA hai jaiseI--a AbAcade Af = 1/6 dUsare mUlya, do meM kisI eka avasara kI prApti kI saMbhAvanA ko abhivyakta karate haiM / jaise--a AbAcAdaa Ac. isI prakAra antima avasara isa prakAra ho jAtA hai : a ^ 'lslaleli. uparyukta vicAra se yaha patA calatA hai ki "yA" ke prayoga meM tIna prakAra kA artha ho sakatA hai : (1) jahA~ kathana meM aura kA prayoga nahIM hotA use vaikalpika tarkavAkya kahA jAtA hai arthAt vaha vAkya jisameM aura kA prayoga na ho, vaikalpika tarkavAkya kahalAtA hai / (2) vaha jo kisI vizeSa ko sUcita kare / prastuta lekha meM isa vizeSa ko eka AlTaraneTa (^) se cihnita kiyA gayA hai / (3) vaha jo nirvizeSa ko sUcita karatA hai / isa lekha meM ise dohare AlTaranenTa (^) se sUcita kiyA gayA hai / ina dRSTAntoM kA gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra karane se zabda naya kA acchA vistAra ho sakatA hai / yahA~ vaikalpika ke do artha ho sakate haiM (1) grAhaka - vaha jo aura ke artha ko grahaNa karatA hai / (2) viyojaka - vaha jo aura ke artha kA niSedha karatA hai yahA~ viyojaka ke bhI do artha ho sakate haiM (ka) pUrNa meM se eka vizeSa ko grahaNa karanA / (kha) pUrNa meM se kisI eka ko grahaNa karanA / prastuta lekha meM pUrNa meM se eka vizeSa ko grahaNa karane vAle ko eka AlTaranenTa (1) se darzAyA gayA hai / yaha AlTaranenTa nirvizeSa ko sUcita karatA hai aura kisI eka ko grahaNa karane vAle ko do AlTaranenTa (A) se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| vaha AlTaranenTa vizeSa vaikalpika ko sUcita karatA hai / kintu " yA " ( vaikalpika ) ko jaba viyojaka artha meM liyA jAtA hai to vahA~ use grAhaka artha meM nahIM lenA caahie| jaise vaha bambaI meM hai yA

Page #238
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 191 kalakattA meM hai| yahA~ ise grAhaka artha meM nahIM lenA cAhie; kyoMki vaha bambaI aura kalakattA donoM sthAnoM meM eka sAtha nahIM raha sakatA hai| vaha yA to bambaI meM hogA yA kalakattA meM hogA; kyoMki eka sAdhAraNa mAnava ke lie yaha asaMbhava hai ki vaha eka sAtha bambaI aura kalakattA donoM zaharoM meM rhe| ___ kintu kucha vaikalpika (yA) tarkavAkya aise haiM jinheM grAhaka artha meM liyA jA sakatA hai| jaise vaha buddhimAna hai yA parizramI hai| yahA~ vaikalpika "yA" ko grAhaka artha meM lene para koI doSa utpanna nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki vaha baddhimAna bhI ho sakatA hai aura parizramI bhI ho sakatA hai| parIkSArthI parIkSA meM anuttIrNa nahIM huaa| isalie yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha parizramI hai yA buddhimAna hai yA donoM hai| vastutaH yahAM para donoM saMbhAvanAyeM haiM ki vaha buddhimAna bhI ho sakatA hai, parizramI bhI ho sakatA hai aura donoM hI ho sakatA hai| kintu yadi vaha kama aMka prApta kiyA hotA to nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA thA ki vaha donoM nahIM hai unameM koI eka hai| yA to vaha parizramI hai yA buddhimAna hai| uparyukta vicAra nayavAda ke lie grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| syAdvAda ke lie, viyojaka ko saMyojaka ke dvArA sthAnAntarita karanA par3atA hai| sahArpaNa ko isa artha meM liyA gayA hai "ba" meM "a" ko aura se jor3A gayA hai; kyoMki kramArpaNa "ba" hai arthAt 2a hai aura sahArpaNa "a+ba" hai arthAt 3a hai| ____ cAra mUlyoM ke AdhAra para yaha vivecana vizeSa lAbhaprada hotA hai jaisA ki sAraNI meM batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra pUrNa jJAna athavA prajJA ke sAtha meM sabhI ATha mUlyoM ko sAraNI meM dikhAyA jA sakatA hai ___ + | 1/6 1/6 1/3 1/2 1/6 1 1/3 1/3 1/2 2/3 16 | 1/3 1/3 1/2 2/3 1/3 | 1/2 1/2 2/3 5/6 1/2 1 2/3 23 5/6 1 kramArpaNa kI do bAra punarAvRtti yA sattA ke sAtha meM yA na sattA ke sAtha meM sahArpaNa ko pradAna karatI hai arthAt kramArpaNa ke bAda punaH kramArpaNa ko doharAne se sahArpaNa prApta hotA hai jo yA to sattA kA abhikathana

Page #239
192 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA hogA yA nahIM hogaa| isa punarukti ko viparIta krama se bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| [A - ( A)] - [-( A)A ]=A * [ A - (-A)] v-(- A) * [A -( A)] sahArpaNa ko uparyukta vidhi se doharAne para usakA pariNAma prajJA ko saMketita karatA hai| isa prakAra avyaktavyazca avaktavya ho jAtA hai nimnalikhita uddharaNa je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai / je savvaM jANai se ega jANai / / eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTaH sarve bhAvAH sarvathA tena dRSTAH // sarve bhAvAH sarvathA yena dRSTA eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena dRSTaH / / meM hara eka bAta ko ulaTa kara doharAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra bhASA meM sImAnta pratyaya zurU karane meM jo kramika doSa hotA hai use isa prakAra se dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| dRSTAntasvarUpa-jo sAmAnya kI daSTi se avaktavya thA usako vizeSa kI dRSTi ke avaktavya ke sAtha jor3a diyA gayA aura isa prakAra bhASA ko prajJA ke jitanA nikaTa pahu~ca sakatI thI pahu~cAyA gyaa| sambhAvyatA ke samAna dRSTAnta yaha hai ki eka sikke kA pheNknaa| isameM avasara kI prApti sira yAnI vidheyAtmaka rUpa meM 1/2 aura cha arthAt niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM 1/2 hotI hai| kyoMki vaha eka dUsare kI saMbhAvanA ko sImita karatI hai arthAt jahA~ eka ke hone kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai vahIM dUsare ke na hone kI bhI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| yaha prakriyA 1/2 rUpa meM hI saMbhava hai| isalie ina donoM saMbhAvanAoM ke yoga ke dvArA hama pUrNatA ko prApta karate haiN| isase milatI julatI prakriyA chaH guTakoM ko tIna-tIna guTakoM vAle do bhAgoM ke pAse se hotI hai| inakA pratIkIkaraNa,eka vikalpa evaM tInoM prAraMbhika AkAroM ke pratIkoM ke nirdhAraNa ke dvArA hotA hai / hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai-a,ba aura sa / jabaki hama a, ba, a+ba, sa, a+sa, ba+sa, a + ba+ sa, sa kA eka ATha mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ko prApta karate haiM / yahA~ eka vicAraNIya viSaya yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki ise hama tIna mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke rUpa meM kyoM nahIM grahaNa karate haiM / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ise dvi-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke rUpa meM nahIM prApta kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki isake AThoM bhaMgoM kA

Page #240
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 193 vistAraNa tAdAtmya kathana hote haiM; jo ki jainadarzana ko mAnya nahIM hai / jaina vicAraNA ise bhinna-bhinna mAnakara calatI hai|' vAstava meM, saptabhaMgI AMzika hai lekina yathArtha hai, jo hai vaha avazya hai lekina sImita hai, sApekSa hai na ki nirapekSa, saMbhAvya yA saMbhAvanAtmaka | saptabhaMgI kA 'syAt" pada saMbhAvya nahIM hai vaha apekSA vizeSa hai| yadyapi vaha khaNDazaH kathana karatA hai kintu vAstavika hai| isalie saMbhAvyatAtarkazAstra se yaha tulanIya nahIM hai| kintu isako saMbhAvyatAtarkazAstra se AkRtigata samAnatA hai / ataeva saptabhaMgI ke lie saMbhAvyatAtarkazAstra se AkRti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| saMbhAvyatAtarkazAstra se saptabhaMgI kI tulanA kA yadi koI prayAsa kiyA jAya to usakA eka mAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki saMbhAvyatAtarkazAstra meM jitane mUlya cAheM utane mUlya mAna sakate haiN| isalie usake AdhAra para saptabhaMgI ke lie bhI sAta mUlya ko mAnA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta lekha meM DaoN0 Ara0 ena0 mukarjI ne mAtra isI saMbhAvanA ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| yadyapi unakA ukta lekha pUrNataH nirdoSa nahIM hai usameM bhI kucha na kucha kamiyA~ avazya haiM kintu saptabhaMgI kI sapta-mUlyatA ke nirdhAraNa kA eka gar3ha prayAsa avazya hai| unake isa prayAsa meM jo kucha truTiyA~ huI haiM ve isa prakAra haiM / ___ sarvaprathama, unakI prAthamika kalpanA ki "syAdvAda ke sAtoM bhaMgoM ko eka sAtha lene para pUrNa sattA kA pUrNa jJAna hotA hai" jaina tarkazAstra ke viparIta hai / jaina-AcArya isa prakAra ke vicAra kA khaNDana karate haiM / saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI meM yaha prazna uThAkara usa para gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai-"kadAcit aisA kaho ki eka-eka pRthaka vAkya saMpUrNa arthoM kA pratipAdaka nahIM hai isalie vikalAdeza hai, so aisA nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki aisA mAnane se usa prakAra ke sAtoM vAkya bhI vikalAdeza ho jaayeNge| "syAdasti" sattva Adi sAtoM vAkya milakara bhI sampUrNa arthoM ke pratipAdaka siddha nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki sakala zrutajJAna hI sampUrNa arthoM kA pratipAdaka hai| isI se sampUrNa arthoM kA pratipAdaka hone se milita saptabhaMgI 1. "Dr. R N. Mukerjee, Jain Logic of Seven Fold Predi cation, Printed in the Journal 'Mahavira Nirvana Mohotsawa Samiti', Bombay, 1977. 13

Page #241
194 / jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA vAkya samudAya sakalAdeza hai, yaha mata parAsta ho gayA, kyoMki milita bhI saptabhaMgI vAkya kI sampUrNa arthoM kI pratipAdakatA asiddha hai| sattva, asattva Adi sapta vAkyoM se eka tathA aneka Adi saptavAkya pratipAdya dharmoM kA pratipAdana nahIM hotA,balki aneka ke sAtha eka dharma kA pratipAdana hotA hai|' ___ isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga eka sAtha milakara pUrNasattA kA pUrNa jJAna nahIM hai| yadyapi sarvajJa kA jJAna sakala padArtha kA grAhaka to hotA hai kintu jaba vaha apane sakalArthagrAhI jJAna ko vANI kA viSaya banAtA hai taba usakA vaha kathana bhI sImita aura sApekSa hI hotA hai| kahA bhI gayA haiNa Naya vihaNa kiMci jiNa vayaNaM / aura bhI dekhieyAvanti vayaNa pAhA tAvanti Naya vaayaa| arthAt jina vacana meM kucha bhI aisA nahIM hai jo naya se rahita hai| jo kacha bhI kahA jAtA hai vaha naya ke dvArA hI prakaTa hotA hai| isase isa mata kA bhI nirAza ho gayA ki avaktavya ke viparIta "vaktavya" aisA eka AThavA~ bhaMga banatA hai| saptabhaMgI meM sAta hI bhaMga kA vidhAna hai AThaveM kA nhiiN| isa prazna para ki "jaise avaktavyatva ke sAtha yojita astitva nAstitva dharmoM kA kathana karane meM sarvathA azakyatva rUpatA hai / aise hI vaktavyatva bhI dharmAntara se ho sakatA hai to isa rIti se aSTama vaktavyatva rUpa dharma ke hone se aSTabhaMgI naya kahanA ucita hai na ki saptabhaMgI ? gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "aisI zaMkA nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki sAmAnya rUpa se vaktavyatva bhinna dharma nahIM hai aura sattva Adi rUpa jo vaktavyatva prathama bhaMgAdi 1. nanu-sakalArthapratipAdakatvAbhAvAdvikalAdeza iti cenna / tAdRzavAkyasaptakasyApi vikalAdezatvApattaH, samuditasyApi sadAdivAkyasaptakasya sakalArthapratipAdakatvAbhAvAt; sakalazrutasyaiva sakalArthapratipAdakatvAt / etena-sakalArthapratipAdakatvAtsaptabhaGgIvAkyaM samudita sakalAdezaH, iti nirastam; samuditasyApi tasya sakalArthapratipAdakatvAsiddheH, sadAdisaptavAkyena ekAnekAdi-saptavAkyapratipAdya dharmANAmapratipAdanAt / -saptabhaGgItaraGgiNI, pR0 19. ..

Page #242
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 195 ke antargata hI hai / ' tAtparya yaha hai ki astitva, nAstitva Adi dharmoM kA kathana asti, nAsti Adi bhaMgoM ke dvArA hotA hai / asti, nAsti Adi bhaMga vaktabya rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / isalie jaba asti, nAsti Adi bhaMga vaktavyatva rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiM, taba vaktavyatva rUpa eka anya AThaveM bhaMga ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA ? vastutaH vaktavyatva rUpa AThavA~ bhaga saptabhaMgI ko svIkArya nahIM hai / isa prakAra DaoN0 mukarjI kI AThaveM bhaMga kI kalpanA bhI nirasta ho jAtI hai / dUsare, yadi AThaveM bhaMga ko isa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAya ki vaha sarvajJa ke jJAna kA sUcaka hai to yaha kahanA bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM haiM; kyoMki saptabhaMgI jJAnarUpa nahIM hokara vaha mAtra kathana paddhati hai / vastu ke sandarbha meM hameM jo jJAna prApta hotA hai use saptabhaMgI rUpI kathana paddhati ke dvArA abhivyakta karate haiM / isalie jJAna rUpa sarvajJatA ko saptabhaMgI meM samAviSTa nahIM kara sakate haiM / yadyapi sarvajJa bhI vastu tattva ke vivecana meM isI asti nAsti rUpa kathana paddhati kA hI prayoga karatA hai aura isalie jaina AcAryoM ne yaha kahA hai ki cAhe sarvajJa kA jJAna nirapekSa bhI ho kintu usakA kathana to sApekSa hI hotA hai ( Na Naya vihUNa kici jiNavaNaM) | punaH saptabhaMgI kI uparyukta pratIkAtmaka paribhASA meM jo nAsti bhaMga ko dohare niSedha ke dvArA vidheyAtmaka pakSa (asti) ke samAna eka hI mUlya aura eka hI pratIka pradAna kiyA gayA hai tathA avaktavya bhaMga ko niSedhAtmaka mUlya -C ke dvArA paribhASita kiyA gayA hai usameM kucha sArthakatA hai / yadyapi avaktavya bhaMga ko pUrvaM bhaMgoM kA niSedhaka hone se niSedhAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu nAsti bhaMga ko asti bhaMga ke hI samAna mUlya aura pratIka nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki usase pUrI bAta spaSTa nahIM hotI hai| dUsare, niSedha ko haTAne para nAsti se punaH asti ko hI prApti ho jAtI hai / jo ki ThIka nahIM hai / isalie mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki yadi unheM bhinna-bhinna 9. nanu -- avaktavyatva yadi dharmAntara tarhi vaktavyatvamapi dharmAntaraM prApnoti, kathaM saptavidha eva dharma: ? tathA cASTamasya vaktavyatvadharmasya sadbhAvena tena sahASTabhaGgI syAt, na saptabhaGgI; iti cenna / sAmAnyena vaktavyatvasyAtirikasyAbhAvAt / sattvAdirUpeNa vaktavyatvaM tu prathamabhaMgAdAvevAntarbhUtam / - saptabhaMgItaraGgiNI, pR0 10.

Page #243
196 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA pratIkoM dvArA pradarzita kiyA jAya to jyAdA acchA hogA / DaoN0 mukarjI kI vyAkhyA meM sabase bar3I kamI yahI hai ki usase saptabhaMgI kI sapta-malyAtmakatA na siddha hokara usakI aSTamUlyAtmakatA siddha hotI hai jo ki jaina tarkazAstra ko abhipreta nahIM hai| isa prakAra jaina-saptabhaMgI na to dvi-mUlyAtmaka hai aura na to tri-malyAtmaka; apitu, ise saptamUlyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| isake isa saptamUlyatA kA nirdhAraNa sambhAvyatA-tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi hameM spaSTatayA yaha dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki saptabhaMgI sambhAvanA para Azrita nahIM hai| yaha apane bhaMgoM meM nizcayAtmaka tathyoM kA pratipAdana karatI hai / isalie ise saMbhAvyAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu saMbhAvyatA meM vibhinna saMbhAvita satyatA mUlyoM kI kalpanA hai| saMbhAvyatA ke anusAra zUnya (0) aura eka (1) arthAt pUrNasattA ke bIca ananta sambhAvanAyeM haiN| unheM vibhinna saMbhAvita satyatA mUlyoM ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise 1/2, 2/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6.... meM ityAdi / isI prakAra jaina tarkazAstra bhI sattA ke sandarbha meM ananta dharmoM arthAt ananta saMbhAvanAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| vastutaH sattA ke sandarbha meM vibhinna mUlyAtmaka ananta kathana hoNge| isI dRSTi se jaina tarkazAstra saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra se tulanIya haiN| kintu, jaina-saptabhaMgI sapta mUlyAtmaka hai| usakI usa saptamUlyAtmakatA ko saMbhAvyatA tarkazAstra se to prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| parantu, yadi sambhAvyatA-tarkazAstra se saptabhaMgI hetu mADala prApta kiyA jAya to usake tAkika svarUpa kA pratipAdana ho sakatA hai| isa bAta ko jaina AcArya svIkAra karate haiM ki saptabhaMgI ke mUlabhUta bhaMga syAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya ye tIna hI haiN| inhIM tIna mUlabhUta bhaMgoM ke saMyoga se zeSa cAra bhaMgoM kA nirmANa huA hai| isI se milatA-julatA eka siddhAnta saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra meM bhI hai| sambhAvyatAtarkazAstra meM A, B aura C ko tIna svatantra ghaTanAe~ mAnakara inake saMyoga se cAra anya ghaTanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tIna svatantra ghaTanAoM A, B aura C ke jor3e arthAt yugma ke rUpa meM nimna ghaTanAe~ pratiphalita hotI haiM :1. See-An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Vol. I, p. 126. -William Feller.

Page #244
samakAlIna takazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 197 P{AB} = P {A} - P{B} P{AC}=P SA} - P {C} P{BC}=P {B} * PIC} (Where - P= Probability and A, B and Care independent events). isI prakAra tInoM ghaTanAoM ke sahagAmI sambandhoM ko nimna rUpa meM sUcita kiyA jA sakatA hai P{ABC}==P {A} * P {B} * P{C} yadyapi saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMga na to svatantra ghaTanAeM haiM aura na saptabhaMgI kA "syAt" pada saMbhAvya hI hai tathApi saptabhaMgI ke sAtha upayukta siddhAnta kI AkArika samAnatA hai / isalie yadi ukta siddhAnta se AkAra grahaNa kiyA jAya to saptabhaMgI kA prArUpa ha-ba-ha vaisA hI banegA jaisA ki uparyukta siddhAnta kA hai| yadi saptabhaMgI ke mUlabhUta bhaMgoM syAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya ko kramazaH A, B aura C tathA parimANaka rUpa "syAt" pada ko Pse sambodhita kiyA jAya to saptabhaMgI ke zeSa cAra bhaMgoM ke prArUpa isa prakAra hoMge:P(A-B) = P(A). P(-B) syAdasti ca syAnnAsti / P(A-C) = P(A) P( C) syAdasti ca syAdavaktavya / P(-B-C) = P(-B) P(C) syAnnAsti ca syAdavaktavya / P(A- B-C) = P(A) P(-B) P(C) syAdasti ca syAnnAsti ca syAdavaktavya / yahA~ syAt = P, asti = A, nAsti = (-B), avaktavya = (-C) aura ca = ' (saMyojaka) haiN| isa prakAra sampUrNa saptabhaMgI kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa nimnalikhita prakAra hogA (1) syAdasti = P (A) (2) syAnnAsti = P (-B) (3) syAdavaktavya = P (-C) (4) syAdasti ca nAsti = P (A-B) (5) syAdasti ca avaktavya =P (A-C) (6) syAnnAsti ca avaktavya = P (B-C) (7) syAdasti ca nAsti cAvaktavya = P (A:-B-C)

Page #245
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA jaina tarkazAstra kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jisa taraha vastu meM bhAvAtmaka dharma rahate haiM, usI taraha vastu meM abhAvAtmaka dharma bhI rahate haiM / vastu meM jo sattva dharma haiM ve bhAvarUpa haiM aura jo asattva dharma haiM ve abhAva rUpa haiM / isI bhAva rUpa dharma ko vidhi arthAt astitva aura abhAvarUpa dharma ko pratiSedha arthAt nAstitva kahate haiM : 198 " sadasadAtmakasya vastuno yaH sadaMzaH- bhAvarUpaH sa vidhirityarthaH / sadasadAtmakasya vastuno yo'sadaMza: - abhAvarUpaH sa pratiSedha iti / " " vastutaH ye astitva aura nAstitva eka hI vastu ke bhinna-bhinna dharma haiM: jo avinAbhAva se pratyeka vastu meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / kahA bhI gayA haiM astitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekadharmiNI / vizeSaNatvAt sAdharmyaM yathA bhedavivakSayA // 17 // nAstitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekadharmaNI / vizeSaNatvAdvaidhamyaM yathA'bhedavivakSayA // 18 // arthAt vastu kA jo astitva dharma hai usakA avinAbhAvI nAstitva dharma hai / isI prakAra vastu kA jo nAstitva dharma hai usakA avinAbhAvI astitva dharma hai / isa prakAra astitva ke binA nAstitva aura nAstitva ke binA astitva kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki astitva aura nAstitva do aise dharma haiM jo pratyeka vastu meM avinAbhAva se vidyamAna rahate haiM / saptabhaGgI ke astitva aura nAstitva rUpa donoM bhaGgoM meM inhIM dharmoM kA mukhyatA aura gauNatA se vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| ye donoM eka dUsare ke virodhI yA niSedhaka nahIM haiM / astitva dharma dUsare to nAstitva dharma dUsare haiM / isIlie inameM avirodha siddha hotA hai / syAdvAdamaMjarI meM kahA gayA hai, "jisa prakAra sva-rUpAdi se astitva dharma kA sadbhAva anubhava se siddha hai, usI prakAra para rUpAdi ke abhAva se nAstitva dharma kA sadbhAva bhI anubhava se siddha hai / vastu kA sarvathA arthAt sva-rUpa aura pararUpa se astitva hI vastu kA svarUpa nahIM hai; kyoMki jisa prakAra sva-rUpa se astitva vastu kA svarUpa hotA hai, usI prakAra para rUpa se bhI astitva vastu kA dharma bana jAyegA / vastu kA sarvathA arthAt sva-rUpa aura para-rUpa. 1. pramANanayatattvAloka, 3 : 56-57 / 2. AptamImAMsA, 1 : 17, 18 /

Page #246
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgo : eka mUlyAMkana 199 se nAstitva bhI vastu kA svarUpa nahIM hai| kyoMki jisa prakAra para-rUpa se nAstitva vastu kA svarUpa hotA hai, usI prakAra sva-rUpa se bhI nAstitva vastu kA dharma bana jaayegaa"|' isalie astitva aura nAstitva donoM hI dharmoM se yukta rahanA vastu kA svabhAva yA svarUpa hai; arthAt vastu meM svacatuSTaya kA bhAva aura para-catuSTaya kA abhAva hotA hai| ataH ina donoM hI dharmoM ko eka dUsare kA niSedhaka yA vyAghAtaka (kAnTrADikTarI) nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu jaba ina bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka dharmoM ke kahane kI bAta AtI hai taba hama svacatuSTaya rUpa vastu ke bhAvAtmaka guNadharmoM ko eka zabda "syAdasti" se kaha dete haiM aura jaba para-catuSTaya rUpa vastu ke abhAvAtmaka guNa-dharmoM ko kahane kI bAta AtI hai taba unheM "syAnnAsti" zabda se sambodhita karate haiN| kintu, jaba unhIM dharmoM ko eka sAtha (yugapat rUpa se) kahanA hotA hai taba unheM avaktavya hI kahanA par3atA hai / vastutaH asti, nAsti aura avaktavya, ye hI saptabhaGgI ke tIna mUla bhaGga haiN| aba vastu meM sva catuSTaya rUpa bhAvAtmaka dharmoM ko A, para catuSTaya rUpa dharmoM ko B aura unake abhAva ko -B tathA sva catuSTaya aura para catuSTaya rUpa bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka dharmoM ko yugapat rUpa se kahane meM bhASA kI asamarthatA arthAt avaktavyatA ko-C se pradarzita kareM to aura syAt pada ko P se darzAyeM to tInoM mUla bhaGgoM kA pratIkAtmaka rUpa isa prakAra hogA syAdasti = P ( A) syAnnAsti = P (-B) syAdavaktavya = P (-C) isa prakAra prathama bhaMga meM sva-catuSTaya kA sadbhAva hone se use bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM A se kahA gayA hai| dUsare bhaGga meM para catuSTaya kA niSedha hone se abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM-B se kahA gayA hai aura tIsare mUlabhUta bhaGga meM vaktavyatA kA niSedha hone se-C se kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra saptabhaGgI ke pratIkIkaraNa ke isa prayAsa kA artha usake mUla artha ke nikaTa baiThatA hai| __aba vicAraNIya viSaya yaha hai ki syAnnAsti bhaGga kA vAstavika prArUpa kyA hai ? kucha tarkavidoM ne use niSedhAtmaka batAyA hai to kucha 1. syAdvAdamaJjarI. pR0 226 /

Page #247
200 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA dArzanikoM ne svIkArAtmaka mAnA hai aura kisI-kisI ne to ise dvidhA niSedha se pradarzita kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke dvArA pradatta nAstibhaGga kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa draSTavya hai / vaise hama isakA vivecana pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| unhoMne likhA hai ki nAsti bhaGga nimnalikhita cAra prArUpa meM banate haiM (1) a'31 vita nahIM hai, (2) a- 31-vi| hai, (3) a- 31-vita nahIM hai (yaha dvidhA niSedha kA rUpa hai), (4) a u nahIM hai| inameM bhI mukhya rUpa se do hI prArUpoM ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| eka vaha hai jisameM syAt pada cara hai jisake kAraNa apekSA badalatI rahatI hai| yadi cara rUpa syAt pada ko P1,P Adi se darzAyA jAya to asti aura nAsti bhaGga kA nimnalikhita rUpa banegA 1-syAdasti = P1 ( A) 2- syAnnAsti = P (A) ise adholikhita daSTAnta se acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai--syAt AtmA nitya hai (prathama bhaMga) aura syAt AtmA nitya nahIM hai (dvitIya bhNg)| ina donoM kathanoM meM apekSA badalI gayI hai| jahA~ prathama bhaMga meM dravyatva dRSTi se AtmA ko nitya kahA gayA hai, vahIM dUsare bhaMga meM paryAyadRSTi se use anitya (nitya nahIM) kahA gayA hai| ina donoM hI vAkyoM kA svarUpa yathArtha hai; kyoMki AtmA dravya-dRSTi se nitya hai to paryAya-dRSTi se anitya bhI hai| vastutaH yahA~ dvitIya bhaMga kA prArUpa niSedha rUpa hogaa| aba yadi ukta donoM bhaMgoM ko mUla bhaMga mAnA jAya aura avaktavya ko -C se darzAyA jAya to saptabhaMgo kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa nimnalikhita rUpa se taiyAra hogA 1-syAdasti = P1 ( A) 2-syAnnAsti = p* (A) 3-syAdasti ca nAsti = P3 (A-A) 4-syAdavaktavyam = P+ (-C) 5-syAdasti ca avaktavyam = P (A-C) 6-syAnnAsti ca avaktavyam = Pdeg (-A-C) 7-syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavyam =P' (A -A-C)

Page #248
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 201 aba prazna yaha hai ki avaktavya ko -C se kyoM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki avaktavya vaktavya pada kA niSedhaka hai| pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM kisI niSedha pada ko vidhAyaka pratIka se darzAne kA vidhAna nahIM hai| vahA~ pahale vidhAyaka pada ko vidhAyaka pratIka se darzAkara niSedhAtmaka bodha hetu usa vidhAyaka pada kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| isalie pahale vaktavya pada hetu pratIka ko prastuta kara avaktavya ke bodha ke lie usa C kA niSedha arthAt -C kiyA gayA hai| aba yadi yaha kahA jAya ki aisA mAnane para saptabhaMgI, saptabhaMgI nahIM, balki aSTabhaMgI bana jAyegI to aisI bAta mAnya nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki jaina tarkazAstra meM saptabhaMgI kI hI parikalpanA hai aSTabhaMgI kI nahIM; aura vaktavya rUpa bhaMga saptabhaMgI meM isalie bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki avaktavya ke atirikta zeSa bhaMga to vaktavya hI haiM / arthAt vaktavyatA kA bodha saptabhaMgo ke zeSa bhaMgoM se hotA hai| isalie vaktavya bhaMga ko svatantra rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha to prathama asti, dvitIya nAsti aura tRtIya kramabhAvI asti nAsti ke rUpa meM upasthita hai| dUsare dRSTikoNa ke anusAra "syAt" pada acara hai / usake artha arthAt bhAva meM kabhI bhI parivartana nahIM hotA hai| vaha pratyeka bhaMga ke sAtha eka hI artha meM prastuta hai| isa prakAra isa dRSTikoNa ko mAnane se nAsti bhaMga meM dvidhA niSedha AtA hai jisakA nimna prakAra se pratIkIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai-- 1-syAdasti = P ( A) 2-syAnnAsti = P-(-A) aba isakA yaha pratIkAtmaka rUpa nimnalikhita dRSTAnta se pUrNataH spaSTa ho jAyegA / jaise-"syAt AtmA cetana hai" (prathama bhaMga) aura "syAt AtmA acetana nahIM hai" (dvitIya bhNg)| aba yadi hama AtmA kI cetanA kA pratIka A mAneM to usakI acetanA kA pratIka -A hogA aura isI prakAra "AtmA acetana nahIM hai" kA pratIka-(-A) ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra ina vAkyoM meM hamane dekhA ki vaktA kI apekSA badalato nahIM hai| vaha donoM hI vAkyoM kI vivecanA eka hI apekSA se karatA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se Upara ke ukta donoM vAkyoM kA prArUpa yathArtha hai| aba yadi ina

Page #249
202 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA donoM vAkyoM ko mUla mAneM to saptabhaMgI kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa nimna prakAra kA hogA 1-syAdasti = P ( A) 2-syAnnAsti = Pv ( A) 3-syAdasti ca nAsti = P (An (A) 4- syAdavaktavyam = P (~C) 5- syAdasti ca avaktavyam - P (A:--C) 6- syAnnAsti ca avaktavyam = P (~(~A) ~C) 7- syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavyam = P [A:-(~A) ~C] isa pratIkIkaraNa meM A aura ~~A vaktavyatA ke aura ~ C avaktavyatA ke sUcaka haiN| kintu syAdasti aura syAnnAsti ko kramazaH A aura WA athavA A aura . A mAnanA upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA hai; kyoMki nAsti bhaMga paracatuSTaya kA niSedhaka hai aura asti bhaMga svacatuSTaya kA pratipAdaka hai| yadi unheM A aura ~A kA pratIka diyA jAya to usameM vyAghAtakatA bhI pratIta hotI hai| jabaki vastusthiti isase bhinna hai / ataH sva-catuSTaya aura para catuSTaya ke lie alaga-alaga pratIka arthAt A aura B pradAna karanA adhika yuktisaMgata hai| isIlie hamane svacatuSTaya ke lie A aura paracatuSTaya ke niSedha ke lie - B mAnA hai| yadyapi merA yaha dAvA nahIM hai ki merA diyA huA uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa antima evaM sarvamAnya hai, usameM parimArjana kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai| AzA hai, vidvAnagaNa isa dizA meM adhika gambhIratA se vicAra kara saptabhaMgI ko eka sarvamAnya pratIkAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kareMge, tAki usake sambandha meM uThane vAlI bhrAntiyoM kA samyaktayA nirAkaraNa ho ske| ___ aba saptabhaMgI kI yaha pratIkAtmakatA saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra ke uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa ke anurUpa hai / isalie yaha usase tulanIya hai| jisa prakAra saptabhaMgI meM uttara ke cAroM prakathana pUrva ke malabhata tInoM bhaMgoM ke sAMyogika rUpa haiN| pratyeka kathana ko "ca" rUpa saMyojana ke dvArA jor3A gayA hai| usI prakAra saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra ke uparyukta siddhAnta meM tIna mUlabhUta bhaMgoM kI kalpanA karake Age ke bhaMgoM kI racanA meM saMyojana arthAt kanjaMkzana kA hI pUrNata: vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai / jisa krama meM saptabhaMgI kI vivecanA aura vistAra hai usI krama kA anugamana saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra kA ukta siddhAnta

Page #250
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 203 bhI karatA hai| eka rucikara bAta yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI ke sAtaveM bhaMga meM kramArpaNa aura sahArpaNa rUpa tIsare aura cauthe bhaMga kA saMyoga mAnA gayA hai| isa saMdarbha meM saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai-"alaga-alaga krama-yojita aura mizrita rUpa akrama-yojita dravya tathA paryAya kA Azraya karake "syAt asti nAsti ca avaktavyazca ghaTa:" kisI apekSA se sattva asattva sahita avaktavyatva kA Azraya ghaTa hai isa saptabhaMgI kI pravRtti hotI hai|' isakA bhAva yaha hai ki asti aura nAsti bhaMga ke kramika aura akramika saMyoga se avaktavya bhaGga kI yojanA hai arthAt asti aura nAsti ke yojita rUpa "asti ca nAsti' meM asti-nAsti ke akrama rUpa avaktavya ko jor3A gayA hai| aba yadi asti A hai, nAsti -B aura avaktavya -C hai to sAtaveM bhaGga kA rUpa hogA A-B meM -C kA yoga / jo saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra ke uparyukta siddhAnta ke antima kathana se mela khAtA hai| jisa prakAra saptabhaGgI meM tIna malabhaGgoM se cAra hI sAMyogika bhaGga banAne kI yojanA hai usI prakAra saMbhAvyatA-tarkazAstra meM bhI tIna svatantra ghaTanAoM ke saMyoga se cAra sAMyogika svatantra ghaTanAoM kI abhikalpanA hai|2 vastutaH ye sabhI bAteM jaina tarkazAstra ko svIkRta haiN| isalie isa. pratIkAtmaka prArUpa ko saptabhaGgI para lAgU kiyA jA sakatA hai| aba saptabhaGgI kI mUlyAtmakatA ko nimna rUpa se citrita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi syAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya arthAt A, B aura C ko eka-eka vRtta ke dvArA sUcita kiyA jAya to una vRttoM ke saMyoga se banane vAle saptabhaMgI ke zeSa cAra bhaGgoM ke kSetra isa prakAra hoMge 1. "evaM vyasto kramApitau samastau sahApitau ca dravyaparyAyAvAzritya syAdastinAsti cAvaktavya evaM ghaTa iti saptamabhaMgaH / " -saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI, pR0 72. 2. See-"In other words, that the pairwise independence of the three events should imply that the two events A, B and C are independents." William Feller : An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. Vol. I, p. 126.

Page #251
" 204 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA A A-BB A-B-C citra 1 aba citra saMkhyA 5 ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAyegA ki A, B, C, AB, A*-C, B. C aura ABC kA kSetra alaga-alaga hai / jisake AdhAra para saptabhaGgo ke pratyeka bhaGga kI mUlyAtmakatA aura unake svatantra astitva kA nirUpaNa ho sakatA hai / yadyapi saptabhaGgI kA yaha citraNa vena- DAigrAma se tulanIya nahIM hai; kyoMki yaha usake kisI bhI siddhAnta ke antargata nahIM hai, tathApi yaha citraNa saptabhaMgI kI pramANatA ko siddha karane ke lie upayukta hai / A isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki saptabhaMgI saptamUlyAtmaka hai / inake sAtoM bhaGgoM ke bhinna-bhinna mUlyoM ko bhinna-bhinna prakAra se citrita kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH saptabhaGgI saptamUlyAtmaka hai / saptabhaGgI ke sandarbha meM eka bahuta mahattvapUrNa prazna yaha hai ki kyA saptabhaGgI vyAghAtakatA ke doSa se dUSita hai ? kyoMki lagabhaga sabhI pUrvAcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI meM isI doSa ko dikhAkara usakI AlocanA kI hai / ataH isa prazna para thor3A gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kara lenA Avazyaka hai / kucha tarkavidoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki saptabhaGgI vyAghAtakatA ke doSa (phailesI Ava kanTrADiksana) se dUSita hai; kyoMki vaha prathama bhaGga arthAt syAdastyeva ghaTa: meM jisa ghaTa kA vidhAna karatI hai, dUsare bhaGga arthAt syAnnAstyeva ghaTa: meM usI ghaTa kA pratiSedha kara detI hai / taba eka hI vastu kA pratiSedha aura vidhAna donoM eka sAtha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai / ataH saptabhaGgI vyAghAtakatA ke doSa se dUSita hai / parantu jainAcAryoM ke anusAra yaha AkSepa ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki jaina tarkazAstra jaba prathama bhaGga meM syAdastyeva ghaTa: aura dUsare bhaGga meM syAnnAstyeva ghaTa: kahatA hai to usakA Azaya prathama bhaGga meM ghaTa kA vidhAna aura dUsare bhaGga meM ghaTa kA hI niSedha karanA nahIM hotA hai / vastutaH jahA~ prathama bhaGga meM svacatuSTaya kA vidhAna hai, vahIM dvitIya bhaGga meM paracatuSTaya kA

Page #252
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 205 niSedha hai| isa prakAra donoM prakathana eka dUsare se paraspara bhinna haiN| vyAghAtakatA to taba hotI hai jaba ve kathana nirapekSa hote haiM aura kisI eka hI apekSA vizeSa se hI kahe gaye hote haiM / ataH unameM virodha hone kA koI savAla hI nahIM uThatA hai| DaoN0 padmarAje kA kathana hai ki "yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki ve do tathya jo ki do sthitiyoM ko ghaTita karatI haiM, pUrNataH vyAghAtaka nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi ve pUrNataH vyAghAtaka hotI to syAdvAda kI paribhASA meM jo "avirodhena" yaha vizeSaNa hai vaha nirarthaka ho jAtA / vastutaH ve do sthitiyA~ yA dazAe~ sattA ke sambandha meM eka dUsare kI pUraka haiM / vyAghAtakatA to taba utpanna hotI hai, jaba do nirapekSa kathanoM meM virodha ho jaise-ghaTa kA astitva hai aura ghaTa kA astitva nahI hai| isa bhrAnti kA kAraNa yahI hai ki virodhI dUsare kathana ko samajhane meM bhala karate haiM ve "ghaTa kA astitva nahIM hai", isa vAkya ko "ghaTa kA astitva ghaTa ke rUpa meM nahIM hai" isa artha meM samajhate haiN| jabaki isakA vAstavika artha yaha hai ki "ghaTa kA astitva kapar3e yA jala ke rUpa meM nahIM hai|" isa paravartI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para unameM nizcita rUpa se koI vyAghAtakatA nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha isa svIkRti para AdhArita hai ki eka jaTila aura yathArtha sattA ke sandarbha meM kathana sApekSa kintu niyata hai|' 1. It is, therefore, sufficient to remember here that the two elements, constituting the two modes, are not merely noncontradictory--because, if they were, the qualification 'without incompatibility' (avirodhena) in the definition of syadvada, would be meaningless--but are mutually necessary complements in the real. Contradiction would arise if the opposition were between the two absolute assertions. 'the jar exists' and 'the jar does not exist.' The source of such a fault lies in the objector's mistake in construing the latter assertion, viz., 'the jar does not exist', as being equivalent to the jar does not exist as a jar'. The true interpretation of it should be that 'the jar does not exist as linen, or water etc.' There is surely no contradiction in the latter interpretation because of the fact that it is based on the assumption that the assertion is a relative (kathan

Page #253
206 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA isI tathya kA samarthana pro0 satkArI mukarjI ne bhI kiyA hai| unhoMne prathama arthAt syAdasti bhaGga ko 'A' aura dvitIya arthAt syAnnAsti bhaGga ko 'B' mAnakara yaha tarka prastuta kiyA hai ki- tarkavAkya " 'A' + 'B' nahIM hai" yA "A meM B kI sattA nahIM hai" ye kathana isake kathana ke samatulya nahIM hai ki A kI asattA hai jaisA ki jainoM kA niSkarSa hai / B kA niSedha B se sambandhita hai na ki A se / tarkavAkya A, B nahIM hai yA A meM B kI sattA nahIM hai | ataH tarkavAkya A, B nahIM hai / ' isa prakAra prathama aura dvitIya bhaMga bhinna-bhinna vidheyoM kA vidhAna aura niSedha karate haiM / ataH unameM kisI prakAra kI vyAghAtakatA nahIM hai / aba jahA~ taka vyAghAtakatA ke niyama ko mAnane aura na mAnane kI bAta hai vahA~ eka ora to saptabhaGgI ke prathama evaM dvitIya bhaGga kI uparyukta vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina AcArya vyAghAtakatA ke niyama ko mAnate haiM, kyoMki ve usa doSa se bacane kA prayAsa karate haiM, kintu, dUsarI ora unakI anekAntavAda kI vyAkhyA ke AdhAra para yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vyAghAtakatA ke niyama ko nahIM mAnate haiM / pro0 saGgama lAla pANDeya ne isa dUsare pakSa kA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki jaina tarkazAstra vyAghAtakatA ke niyama kA khaNDana karatA hai / isIlie use cit) and determinate (niyata) abstraction from a complex and concrete real. -Dr. Y. J. Padmarajiah. -A Comparative Study of the Jaina Theories of Reality and Knowledge, p. 345. 1. It is contended by him, 'The proposition 'A' is not 'B' or 'A' has not being as 'B' does not admit of the construction that 'A' has non-being of 'B' as an element of its being, which is the Jaina conclusion. The negation of 'B' relates to 'B' and not to 'A'. The proposition 'A' is not 'B' or 'A' has not the being of 'B' cannot be regarded as the equivalent of the proposition 'A' is not. -The Jaina Philosophy of Non-Absolutism: A critical study of Anekantavada, p. 183.

Page #254
samakAlIna tarkazAstroM ke sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI : eka mUlyAMkana 207 vyAghAtakatA kA nAzaka aura sAmAnya dRSTikoNa kA udbhAvaka kahA jAtA hai| vaha (jaina-tarkazAstra) sattA meM sattva-asattva Adi aneka virodhI dharmoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| isIlie syAdvAda ke dvArA unhIM tarkazAstroM kA saMketa ho sakatA hai, jo vyAghAtakatA ke niyama kA khaNDana karate haiM aura vyAghAtaka kathanoM ko kucha satyatA mUlya pradAna karate hoN|' cUMki sattA virodhI gaNa-dharmoM se paripUrNa hai| ataH vastutattva ke sandarbha meM vyAghAtakatA ke niyama ko asvIkAra karake hI calanA hogaa| jaina daSTi se sattA meM antarvirodha hai| vaha to antavirodha kA pUJja hai| kahA bhI hai jo sat hai vahI asat hai, jo eka hai vaha aneka bhI hai, jo nitya hai vaha anitya bhI hai| vastutaH vastu tattva meM vyAghAtakatA yA antavirodha to hai hI, kintu, yadi hama kathana paddhati meM bhI isa vyAghAtakatA ke niyama ko asvIkAra karake caleM to bhASA kI sArthakatA samApta ho jaayegii| vastutaH jaina dArzanika dravyArthika dRSTi se to vyAghAtakatA ke niyama kA parihAra karate haiN| kintu, paryAyArthika dRSTi se yA prakathana paddhati ko daSTi se use svIkAra bhI karate haiN| vastutaH ve eka aise tarkazAstra kI sthApanA karanA cAhate haiM jo sattA meM sanniviSTa antavirodha ko svIkAra karate hue bhI eka aisI tarkapaddhati yA bhASA paddhati kA vikAsa karanA cAhate haiM, jo svayaM antavirodha arthAt vyAghAtakatA se rahita ho aura saptabhaGgo iso prayAsa kI eka phalazruti hai| 1. "The Syadvada challenges the law of contradiction and is therefore called the destroyer of contradiction and the protector of the commonsense view that holds that reality has controdictory attributes. Hence only that logic is indicated by Syadvada which challanges the law of contradiction and gives some truth values to controdictory statements. -- Nayavada and Many Valued Logic' Seminar on Jain Logic and Philosophy 27th to 30th November, 1975 at the Department of Philosophy, University of Poona.

Page #255
SaSTha adhyAya upasaMhAra kyA saptabhaMgI sapta-mUlyAtmaka hai ? jaina saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para nahIM kI jA sakatI hai; kyoMki vaha dvi-mUlyAtmaka hai hI nhiiN| saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga na to nirapekSataH satya hai aura na to asatya / apitu, sApekSataH satya bhI hai aura sApekSataH asatya bhii| isalie unheM satya yA asatya kA mAna denA jaina dhAraNA ke viparIta hai| yadi kisI taraha asti aura nAsti ko satya aura asatya kA mAna de bhI diyA jAya to avaktavya ke mUlya ko dvimUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para nirdhArita karanA asambhava ho jAtA hai| isalie saptabhaMgI kI dvi-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para vyAkhyA karane kA prayatna karanA vyartha hai| yadyapi jaina darzana meM pramANanaya, naya aura durnaya kI alaga-alaga kalpanA nahIM hai tathApi kucha tarkavidoM ne pramANanaya (sunaya), naya aura durnaya ko saptabhaMgI kA AdhAra mAnakara, use tri-mUlyAtmaka siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| DaoN0 saMgamalAla pANDeya ne san 1975 meM pUnA vizvavidyAlaya meM Ayojita eka vicAragoSThI meM "nayavAda aiNDa mainI-velyaDa laoNjika" nAmaka eka nibandha par3hA thaa| isI ke tulya unhIM kA "syAdvAda ke virodhAbhAsa" nAma kA eka anya lekha 1975 ke dArzanika traimAsika ke caturtha aMka meM prakAzita hai| ukta donoM nibaMdhoM meM unhoMne yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki jaina nyAya tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra para AdhArita hai| isalie use tri-mUlyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-'mere vicAra se vaha (tri-mUlyIya takazAstra) jaina darzana kA AdhAra bana sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha bhI jena darzana kI bhA~ti pramANanaya (sunaya), naya aura durnaya ko kramazaH kama satyatA se utpanna mAnatA hai aura jisa prakAra jaina tarkazAstra nirmadhya niyama aura bAdha niyama kA khaNDana karatA hai, usI prakAra tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra bhI khaNDana karatA hai| maiM lukAsIviz2a ke tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra aura jaina tarkazAstra kI pahale tulanA

Page #256
20. upasaMhAra karU~gA aura phira dikhalAU~gA ki lukAsIviz2a kA tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra jena syAdvAda kA AdhAra bana sakatA hai aura usake dvArA nayavAda aura syAdvAda donoM kA pramANokaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai|" tatpazcAt unhoMne jaina-vicAraNA ke anurUpa hI pramANanaya (sunaya) ko pUrNa satya aura durnaya ko pUrNa asatya mAnakara pramANanaya (sunaya) aura durnaya kI tulanA tri-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke do satyatA mUlyoM, satya aura asatya se kiyA aura kahA ki tIsare satyatA mUlya hetu naya ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra lukAsIviz2a kA tRtIya satyatA mUlya na to pUrNarUpa se satya hotA hai aura na to pUrNa rUpa se asatya / apitu kisI sImA taka satya hotA hai to kisI sImA taka asatya / isIlie lukAsIvija ne use ardha satya aura ardha asatya mAnakara 1/2 mUlya se darzAyA hai| ThIka usI prakAra se jainAcAryoM ne bhI naya ko na to pUrNarUpa se satya kahA hai aura na to pUrNarUpa se asatya / pratyuta use satya aura asatya donoM mAnakara pramANAMza yA pramANekadeza se sambodhita kiyA hai| vastutaH isakI tulanA lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA mUlya se kI jA sakatI hai| DaoN0 pANDeya ne likhA hai-'ve (jaina-AcArya) naya ko eka tarapha pramANanaya se aura dUsarI tarapha durnaya se bhinna mAnate haiN| unake anusAra pramANanaya satya hai aura durnaya asatya / pariNAmataH naya kA satyatA mUlya pramANanaya aura durnaya ke satyatA mUlya se bhinna "saMdigdha" yA "anizcita" yA tRtIya satyatA mUlya arthAt satya aura asatya donoM hai| saMdigdha-yaha vaha satyatA mUlya hai jo satya aura asatya donoM ke bIca avasthita hai arthAt yaha saMdigdha satyatA mUlya satya kI apekSA kama, kintu asatya kI apekSA adhika satya hai| isalie isakI tulanA lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA mUlya se kI jA sakatI hai|" isa prakAra DaoN0 saMgamalAla pANDeya ne sunaya, naya aura durnaya ko lukAsIviz2a ke satya, saMdigdha aura asatya ke tulya mUlya vAlA mAnakara nimnalikhita tulanA prastuta kI1. dArzanika traimAsika, varSa 20, aMka 4, julAI 1975, pR0 176 / 2. Nayavada and many valued logic. Seminar on Jain Logic and Philosophy, 27th to 30th November, 1973, at the Department of Philosophy, University of Poona (unpub lished). 3. dArzanika traimAsika, varSa 20, aMka 4, julAI 1975, pR0 176 /

Page #257
jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA 1 - pramANanaya satya hai aura durnaya asatya hai / naya asatya aura satya ke bIca meM hai / yadi pramANa naya kI satyatA "1" (satya) hai to durnaya kI satyatA (asatya) "0" hai aura naya kI satyatA " 1/2 " ( satya / asatya) hai, aisA jaina darzana se abhyupagamita hotA hai| lukAsIviz2a isa abhyupagama ko mAnate haiN| donoM satyatA aura asatyatA ke atirikta eka tRtIya mUlya ko mAnate haiM, jise avaktavyatA yA anirUpyatA yA anabhilApyatA kahA jAtA hai / 210 2- ka athavA a-ka usa vyaMjaka meM yadi "ka" kA satyatA mUlya anabhilApya ( iMDiTarmineTa) hai to " a-ka" kA bhI mUlya anabhilApya hai / ataeva lukAsIviz2a aura jaina darzana donoM meM "ka" athavA " a-ka" kA satyatA mUlya satya nahIM varan anabhilApya hai / parantu dvi- mUlyIya tarkazAstra ke anusAra "ka" aura " a-ka" yaha vyaMjaka nirmadhya niyama kA prarUpaka hai aura sarvathA satya hai / jainadarzana aura lukAsIviz2a donoM isakA khaNDana karate haiM / 3- "ka" aura "a-ka" yaha vyaMjaka dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para sarvathA asatya hai - parantu jaina darzana aura lukAsIviz2a ke anusAra anabhilApya hai / ataeva donoM bAdha niyama kA khaNDana karate haiM aura eka tarkavidhi prastuta karate haiM, jisase bAdha niyama asvIkRta yA tiraskRta ho jAtA hai / 4- anabhilApyatA kA mUla pratiSedha niyama se bhI anuzAsita nahIM hai jaise satyatA kA niSedha asatyatA hai / vaise anabhilApyatA kA niSedha abhilApyatA nahIM varan anabhilApyatA hI haiN| phira jaina darzana lukAsoviz2a kI hI taraha dvidhA niSedha niyama (laoN Apha Dabala nigezana) ko bhI nahIM mAnatA hai aura isI kAraNa vaha bauddhoM ke anyApoha kA khaNDana karatA hai / bauddhoM kA apohavAda dvidhA niSedha niyama para AdhArita hai aura kahatA hai ki "go" kA artha "ago" nahIM hai arthAt "go = nA = ago / isa apohavAda kA khaNDana jaina darzana kI eka maulika vizeSatA hai| jo nirdiSTa karatI hai ki jaina darzana dvidhA niSedha kA khaNDana karatA haiM / ina samAnatAoM ke kAraNa jaMna tarkazAstra kA tArkika sambandha lukAsIviz2a ke tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra se hai / isa prakAra DaoN0 saMgamalAla pANDeya ne jaina saptabhaMgI ko trimUlyAtmaka siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / yadyapi jaina saptabhaMgI trimUlyAtmaka nahIM

Page #258
upasaMhAra 211 hai / sAtha hI pramANanaya, sunaya aura durnaya kI alaga-alaga parikalpanA jaina darzana meM nahIM hai| jaina darzana kevala naya ko abhikalpanA karake yaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki syAt pada se vizeSita sApekSa naya hI sunaya, pramANanaya athavA samyak naya hotA hai aura syAt pada se avizeSita nirapekSa naya, dUrnaya aura asatya hotA hai| kintu isake viparIta DaoN0 pANDeya ne yaha pratisthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki asti bhaMga "pramANanaya arthAt sunaya" nAsti bhaMga "durnaya" aura avaktavya bhaMga "naya" haiM aura ina bhaMgoM kA satyatA mUlya kramazaH satya (1), asatya(0) aura satya/asatya (12) hai| saptabhaMgI meM yaho mUla tIna bhaMga haiN| inhIM tInoM bhaMgoM kA mUlya hai aura zeSa cAra bhaMga ina bhaMgoM kI vyAkhyA yA vistAraNa mAtra hai| inakA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| isalie saptabhaMgI tri-malyAtmaka hai| kintu, saptabhaMgI kI yaha vyAkhyA prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| yadyapi yaha saptabhaMgI kI eka navIna vyAkhyA kA prayAsa avazya hai kintu isameM aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyA~ utpanna ho jAtI haiM jisameM se kucha adholikhita haiM (1) sarvaprathama, syAdvAdIya saptabhaMgI pramANa saptabhaMgI hai isalie usake pratyeka bhaMga pramANa arthAt satya hai apramANa arthAta asatya nhiiN| yadyapi ve sabhI bhaMga vastu kA AMzika kathana karate haiM tathApi unako inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| satya hone ke lie ho to saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga "syAt" pada se vizeSita hotA hai| taba usake "asti" bhaMga ko pramANanaya arthAt sunaya arthAt satya, "nAsti" ko darnaya arthAt asatya aura avaktavya ko naya arthAt satya + asatya yA donoM kahanA kahA~ taka sArthaka hai ? dUsare, pramANa, naya aura durnaya jaina-darzana ke bhinna-bhinna siddhAnta haiN| saptabhaMgI kA vikAsa ina siddhAntoM se nahIM huA hai / ye siddhAnta usake bhaMgoM kI satyatAasatyatA kA nirdhAraNa mAtra karate haiN| isalie saptabhaMgI ko ina siddhAntoM se vikasita mAnanA yA ina siddhAntoM ko saptabhaMgI ke mUlabhaMga mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| tIsare, saptabhaMgI ke yadi kisI bhaMga ko pramANanaya (satya) kahate haiM to usake sabhI bhaMgoM ko pramANanaya (sunaya) kahanA hogaa| kisI ko pramANanaya to kisI ko durnaya nhiiN| cauthe, yadi uparyukta vyAkhyA ko naya saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA mAnA jAya to vaha bhI sArthaka nahIM pratIta hotA; kyoMki naya saptabhaMgI meM bhI kevala nayoM kA hI samUha hai| usameM sunaya, naya aura durnaya sabhI nayoM kA samAveza nahIM hai / isalie aisA spaSTa hotA hai ki

Page #259
212 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA uparyakta vivecana meM pramANa saptabhaMgI aura nayasaptabhaMgI se bhinna kisI anya saptabhaMgI ko kalpanA kI gayI hai, jisameM sunaya, naya aura durnaya ina tInoM prakAra ke nayoM kA saMyoga hai| kintu aisI kalpanA jainadarzana ko abhimata nahIM ho sktii| ataH uparyukta vivecana ko prAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) pramANa saptabhaMgI meM jisa prakAra "asti" bhaMga vastu ke kisI aMza kA kathana karatA hai usI prakAra "nAsti" bhaMga vastu ke kisI aMza kA pratipAdana karanA hai arthAt nAsti bhaGga vastu ke jisa pakSa kA udghATana karatA hai vaha pakSa bhI vastu meM vidyamAna hai| vastutaH nAsti bhaMga bhI eka navIna aura satya, satyatA mUlya vAlA prakathana hai| isalie ise asatya arthAt zUnya (0) mUlyavAlA bhaMga nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha bhI eka satya kathana hai / ataH ise durnaya kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| (3) saptabhaMgI ke anusAra avaktavya, kinhIM do yA do se adhika dharmoM ke yugapat kathana karane kI azakyatA kA sUcaka hai| jaba do yA do se adhika dharmoM ke kathana kI vivakSA eka sAtha hotI hai taba vANI mauna aura zabda asamartha ho jAtA hai| vANI aura zabda kI isI vivazatA ko abhivyakta karanA avaktavya kA uddezya hai| avaktavya kA yaha lakSya nizcita aura satya hai, kabhI satya, kabhI asatya yA kabhI saMdigdha nahIM hai| jabaki naya kI abhivyakti kabhI satya, kabhI asatya aura kabhI satya-asatya donoM arthAt saMdigdhAtmaka hotI hai| isI prakAra lukAsIviz2a kA tRtIya satyatA-mUlya bhI satya,asatya yA satya/asatya athavA saMdigdhAtmaka hotA hai| taba avaktavya ko naya jaisA svarUpa vAlA mAnakara lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA mUlya se tulanA karanA kaise saMbhava hai ? hA~! avaktavya ko taba asatya yA zUnya (0) mAna vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai, jaba yaha pUchA jAya ki kyA avaktavya vastu kI kisI prAyikatA kA pratipAdana karatA hai ? jaba do yA do se adhika dharmoM ke yugapat kathana kI apekSA hotI hai to vahA~ pakSAtmaka prAyikatA zUnya (0) hotI haiN| kyoMki vahA~ vastu ke kisI bhI pakSa yA aMza kA varNana nahIM ho pAtA hai| isalie vahAM ise zUnya (0) mAna vAlA kaha sakate haiM kintu syAdvAda ke pariprekSya meM ise asatya zUnya mUlyavAlA kahanA asamIcIna hai|

Page #260
upasaMhAra 213 (4) avaktavya kI tulanA lukAsIviz2a ke saMdigdha satyatA mUlya se isalie bhI nahIM baiThatI hai ki avaktavya saMdigdhAtmaka yA saMdehAtmaka hai hI nahIM / yadyapi usameM asti aura nAsti donoM pakSoM kA samAveza hai kintu usameM vaha asti aura nAsti pakSa usa rUpa meM svIkRta nahIM hai, jisa rUpa meM naya yA lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA-mUlya meM prAyikatA svIkRta hai / lukAsIviz2a ne tRtIya satyatA-mUlya kA nirdhAraNa karate hue kahA thA"maiM binA kisI virodha ke yaha kalpanA kara sakatA hU~ ki vArasA (polaiNDa kA eka nagara hai) meM agale varSa ke kisI nizcita kSaNa meM, jaise 21 disambara ke dopahara meM, merI upasthiti isa samaya na to svIkArAtmaka DhaMga se aura na to niSedhAtmaka DhaMga se nizcita kI jA sakatI hai| isalie yaha saMbhava hai| lekina nizcita rUpa se nahIM ki maiM diye hue samaya para vArasA meM upasthita ho skNgaa| isa avadhAraNA ke anusAra tarkavAkya "maiM agale varSa 21 disambara ke dopahara ko vArasA meM upasthita rahU~gA" isa samaya (vartamAna kAla meM) na to satya ho sakatA hai aura na to asatya; kyoMki yadi yaha isa samaya satya ho to vArasA meM merI bhaviSyakAlIna upasthiti Avazyaka hogI, jo ki isa avadhAraNA ke viparIta hai| dUsarI tarapha yadi yaha isa samaya asatya hai to vArasA meM merI bhaviSyakAlIna upasthiti asaMbhava hogii| jabaki yaha bhI ukta kalpanA ke viparIta hai / isalie isa samaya nizcita kiyA gayA hai ki yaha tarkavAkya na to satya hai na to asatya / isalie yaha eka tIsarA mUlya rakhatA hai, jo asatya yA zUnya (0) yA satya athavA eka (1) se bhinna hai| (yahA~ "0" kA artha hai pUrNa asatya aura "1" kA artha hai pUrNa sty)| isa mUlya ko hama 1/2 se sthApita kara sakate haiN|' kintu, avaktavya kI avadhAraNA isa prakAra kI nahIM hai jaba do yA do se adhika dharmoM kA pratipAdana eka sAtha karanA ho to vahA~ nizcita rUpa se avaktavya hI hogaa| cAhe vaha bhaviSya kAla meM ho yA bhUtakAla meM ho athavA vartamAna kAla meM ho / vastutaH vaha eka nizcita uddezya rakhatA hai / isalie use saMdigdhAtmaka mUlya nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| (5) lukAsIviz2a kA tRtIya satyatA mUlya bhaviSyakAlIna ghaTanA para 'nirbhara karatA hai| jabaki avaktavya aisA nahIM hai / isalie avaktavya kI 3. See ---Many Valued Logic, By Nicholas Racher.

Page #261
214 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA mUlya se koI sAmyatA nahIM baiThatI hai; kyoMki bhaviSyakAlIna ghaTanA meM koI aisA vikalpa nahIM hai, jo vANI ke dvArA akathya ho| vaha ghaTanA yA to ghaTegI yA nahIM ghttegii| inameM se koI eka hI pariNAma prApta hogA jise vANI ke dvArA kahanA to sambhava hI hai, isake sAtha hI vaha ghaTanA ghaTegI yA nahIM ghaTegI ina pariNAmoM ko to kahanA bhI saMbhava hI hai| yadyapi usakA pariNAma kyA hogA yaha kahanA asaMbhava hai para yugapatataH kathana jaisI azakyatA usameM nahIM hai / avaktavya ke yugapat dharma vastu meM sarvadA vidyamAna haiM, unameM kisI eka ke na rahane kI sambhAvanA nahI hai| parantu una dharmoM ko eka sAtha abhivyakta karane kI asamarthatA avazya hai| ataH lukAsIviz2a ke tRtIya satyatA malya ko jainadarzana ke avaktavya ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| (6) yadi saptabhaGgI ko tri-mUlyAtmaka mAna bhI liyA jAya to zeSa cAra bhaGgoM kA koI mahattva nahIM raha jAyegA / ve mAtra unakI vyAkhyA taka hI sImita rheNge| jabaki jaina darzana meM una bhaGgoM ko bhI samAna mUlyavAlA mAnA gayA hai isalie saptabhaGgI ko tri-mUlyAtmaka mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai / (7) eka sabase bar3I kaThinAI yaha hai ki jaina nyAya meM pramANanaya, naya aura durnaya ko svatantra rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / jaina nyAya meM to kevala naya kI hI kalpanA kI gayI hai| vahI naya, jaba syAt pada se vizeSita yA sApekSa hotA hai taba sunaya aura jaba nirapekSa hotA hai taba durnaya ho jAtA hai / vastutaH sunaya, naya aura durnaya kI pRthak-pRthak kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| ataH jaina saptabhaGgI ko tri-mUlyAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ___ isa prakAra jaina tarkazAstra ko tri-mUlyAtmaka mAnane para aneka prakAra kI kaThinAiyA~ utpanna hotI haiN| yadyapi ye kaThinAiyA~ pro0 pANDeya ko bhI pratIta huI thI kyoMki unhoMne likhA hai-syAdvAda kI yaha vyAkhyA bhI syAdvAdI hai, kyoMki sampUrNa satyatA isa vyAkhyA meM bhI nahIM hotI hai / yadi hama ka ko anabhilApyatA-mUlya pradAna kareM to pratyeka bhaMga kI samucita vyAkhyA ho jAtI hai| kintu, yadi hama ka ko satyatA mUlya pradAna kareM to ka arthAt dvitIya yaMtra asatya siddha ho jAtA hai| ataH lagatA hai ki

Page #262
upasaMhAra 215 syAdvAda kA pramANIkaraNa anabhilApyatA tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para hI ho sakatA hai| satyatA kA prarUpaka koI vAkya nahIM hai. kyoMki vaha satyatA kevala jJAna se labhya hai aura kevala jJAna syAdvAda kA viSaya nahIM hai| ataH anabhilApyatAtarkazAstra syAdvAda kI sahI vyAkhyA karatA hai aura syAdvAda kI vyAkhyA kA uddezya sampUrNa satyatA ke prati vyApaka jJAna kI vyAkhyA nahIM hai| parantu, prazna hai ki lukAsIvija ke tarkazAstra meM to sAdhAraNa vAkyoM kI bhI satyatA kA pratipAdana hotA hai aura syAdvAda meM vaisA koI vAkya hI nahIM hai, to phira lukAsIviz2a ke tarkazAstra se jaina tarkazAstra kI samakakSatA kahA~ huI ? yaha prazna kucha hada taka samIcIna bhI hai; kyoMki jaina tarkazAstra niSedha ko satyatA phalanAtmaka sambandha nahIM mAnatA hai, jabaki lukAsIviz2a kA tarkazAstra aisA mAnatA hai| ataH donoM meM kucha antara bhI hai aura isa antara ke kAraNa ka tathA 5 ka donoM jaina tarkazAstra meM kinhIM paristhitiyoM meM satya bhI ho sakate haiM / ' isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jaina tarkazAstra ko tri-mUlyAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isake sAtha hI ka arthAt asti bhaMga ko bhI anabhilApya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha to abhilApya hai / vaha vastu ke astitva dharma kA kathana to karatA hI hai| hA~, vastu ko anabhilApya kahA jAya to vaha dUsarI bAta hai| kintu, astibhaMga ko anabhilApya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH asti bhaMga ko anabhilApya mAnakara bhI saptabhaMgI kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho gayA ki jaina-saptabhaMgI na to dvi-mUlyAtmaka hai aura na to tri-mUlyAtmaka hI / kintu, mUla prazna yaha hai ki kyA ise sapta mUlyAtmaka yA bahu-mUlyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadyapi Adhunika tarkazAstra meM abhI taka koI bhI aisA Adarza siddhAnta vikasita nahIM haA hai, jo kathana kI saptamUlyAtmakatA ko prakAzita kre| paranta, jaina-AcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI ke sabhI bhaMgoM ko eka dUsare se svatantra aura navIna tathyoM kA prakAzaka mAnA hai| saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga vastu-svarUpa ke sambandha meM navIna tathyoM kA prakAzana karatA hai| isalie usake pratyeka bhaMga kA apanA svatantra sthAna aura mUlya hai| vastutaH pratyeka bhaga kI arthodbhAvana meM isa vilakSaNatA ke AdhAra para hI saptabhaMgI ko saptamUlyAtmaka 1. dArzanika traimAsika, pR0 178, varSa 20, aMka 4, julAI 1975 /

Page #263
216 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA kahanA sArthaka ho sakatA hai / isa sandarbha meM jaina dArzanikoM ke dRSTikoNa para gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra karanA apekSita hai / jaina AcAryoM ne saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaMga ko pRthak-pRthak dRSTikoNa para AdhArita aura navIna tathyoM kA udbhAvaka mAnA hai / saptabhaMgotaraMgiNI meM isa vicAra para vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / usameM likhA hai "prathama bhaMga meM mukhya rUpa se sattA ke sattva dharma kI pratoti hotI hai aura dvitIya bhaMga meM asattA kI pramukhatA pUrvaka pratIti hotI hai / tRtIya "syAdasti ca nAsti" bhaMga meM sattva, asattva kI sahayojita kintu krama se pratoti hai; kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM eka dRSTi se sattva dharma hai to apara dRSTi se asattva dharma bhI hai / caturtha bhaMga avaktavya meM sattva asattva dharma kI sahayojita kintu akrama arthAt yugapat bhAva se pratIti hotI hai / paMcama bhaMga meM sattva dharma sahita avaktavyatva kI, SaSTha bhaGga meM asattva dharma sahita avaktavyatva kI aura saptama bhaGga meM krama se yojita sattva asattva sahita avaktavyatva dharma kI pratIti pradhAnatA se hotI hai / isa taraha pratyeka bhaGga ko bhinna-bhinna dRSTibindu vAlA samajhanA cAhie / ' isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka bhaGga meM bhinna-bhinna tathyoM kI pradhAnatA hai / pratyeka bhaGga vastu ke bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa ko abhivyakta karate haiM / isalie saptabhaGgI ke sAtoM bhaGga eka dUsare se svatantra haiM / kintu, isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki saptabhaGgo ke pratyeka kathana pUrNataH nirapekSa haiM / ve sabhI sApekSa hone se eka dUsare se sambandhita bhI haiM / yadi unake isa sambandha ko na mAnA jAya to saptabhaGgI kI saptabhaGgitA hI vinaSTa ho jAyegI / eka bhaGga kA dUsare bhaGga se koI matalaba hI nahIM rahegA / ataH sabhI bhaGga paraspara sambandhita bhI haiM aisA mAnanA caahie| kintu, jahA~ taka unake paraspara bhinna hone kI bAta hai vahA~ taka to ve apaneapane uddezyoM ko lekara hI paraspara bhinna haiM / unakI isa bhinnatA ko bhI jaina AcAryoM ne vibhinna prakAra ke dRSTAntoM ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai / saptabhaGgItaraMgiNI meM kahA gayA hai ki " sat kI sattA svacatuSTaya se hai, punaH sat ko sat rUpa meM rahane ke lie asat kI apekSA hai aura asat ko asat rUpa meM hone ke lie sat kI apekSA hai / isa prakAra sat aura asat 1. prathame bhaGge sattvasya pradhAna bhAvena pratItiH, dvitIya punarasattvasya /

Page #264
upasaMhAra 217 arthAt sattA aura asattA ke pratipAdaka dharma svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya meM bheda hone se sat aura asat arthAt sattA aura asattA meM bhI bheda hai| yadi aisA na ho to svarUpa ke sadRza para rUpa ke bhI sat hone kA prasaMga A jAyegA aura isI prakAra para rUpa ke asat hone ke tulya svarUpa bhI asat ho jaayegaa| isalie sattA aura asattA ke pratipAdaka dharmoM ke bheda se sattAasattA kA bhI bheda spaSTa hI hai|" sAtha hI sattA (sattvadharma) kA pratipAdaka asti bhaMga aura asattA (asattva-dharma) kA nAsti bhaMga hai| ataH sattA aura asattA ke bheda se asti aura nAsti bhaMga meM bheda hai| isa prakAra ina donoM bhaMgoM ke uddezyoM meM bheda hone se ina bhaMgoM meM bho bheda honA siddha hai| isI prakAra ubhaya rUpa "asti nAsti" bhaMga kA bhI anya bhaMgoM se bheda hai| isa bheda ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki "kisI samudAya meM usake eka-eka aMga kI apekSA ubhaya rUpa samUha kathaMcit bhinna ho hai, jaise pratyeka ghakAra tathA TakAra kI apekSA, krama se yojita dhakAra aura TakAra kA samUha rUpa "ghaTa" pada bhinna hai yaha saba vAdiyoM ko svIkRta hai| yadi "ghaTa" pada ko dhakAra tathA TakAra se sarvathA abhinna mAnA jAya to kevala ghakAra yA TakAra ke hI uccAraNa se "ghaTa" pada kA jJAna ho jAnA caahie| kintu, yadi dhakAra ke hI uccAraNa se "ghaTa" pada kA bodha ho to zeSa uccAraNa vyartha ho jAyegA / yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka puSpa kI apekSA mAlA ko kathaMcit bhinna mAnA jAtA hai yaha bAta sabako abhipreta hai| isI AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki "syAdasti yA syAnnAsti bhaMga ko apekSA kramApita ubhaya rUpa "syAdasti ca nAsti" bhaMga bhinna hI hai| tRtIye kramAptiyossattvAsattvayoH, caturthe tvavaktavyatvasya, paMcame sattvaviziSTAvaktavyatvasya, SaSThe cAsattvaviziSTAvaktavyatvasya, saptame kramArpita sattvAsattva viziSTAvaktavyatvasyeti vivekaH / -saptabhaMgotaraGgiNI, pR0 9. 1. "svarUpAdyavacchinnamasattvamityavacchedaka bhedaattyorbhedsiddhH| anyathA svarUpeNeva pararUpeNApi sattvaprasaMgAt / pararUpeNeva svarUpeNApyasattvaprasaMgAcca" / -vahI, pR0 11. 2. pratyekApekSayobhayasya bhinnatvena pratItisiddhatvAt / ataeva pratyeka ghakAra TakArApekSayA kramApitobhayarUpaM ghaTapaTamatiriktamabhyupagamyate sarvaiH pravAdibhiH /

Page #265
218 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA ThIka isI prakAra sahayojita avaktavya bhaMga kA bhI anya sabhI bhaMgoM se bheda anubhava siddha hai, kyoMki avaktavyatva rUpa dharma asti-nAsti Adi sabhI dharmoM se vilakSaNa hai| jisa prakAra krama yojita sattA aura asattA kA ubhayakoTika jJAna asti aura nAsti bhaMga ke jJAna se bhinna hai, usI prakAra akrama yojita avaktavyatva rUpa dharma bhI ukta sabhI dharmoM se bhinna hai| isa tathya ko jaina AcAryoM ne nimnalikhita daSTAntoM ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai| jisa prakAra dahI aura zakkara meM marica, ilAyacI nAgakesara tathA lavaMga Adi ko milAne se eka apUrva pAnaka rasa kI utpatti hotI hai aura usa pAnaka rasa kA svAda aura sugandha dahI, gur3a, marica tathA lavaMga Adi ke svAda aura sugandha se vilakSaNa hotA hai| sAtha hI dahI, gur3a, marica tathA lavaMga Adi ko alaga-alaga grahaNa karane para bhinna-bhinna svAda kA anubhava hotA hai| usI prakAra pUrva ke bhaMgoM meM bhinnabhinna arthoM kI prApti hone ke bAda bhI isameM eka apUrva artha kI prApti hotI hai arthAt akrama yojita asti nAsti bhaMga pUrva ke asti, nAsti aura kramayojita asti nAsti se vilakSaNa hai| isI prakAra zeSa bhaMgoM ko bhI paraspara bhinna samajhanA caahie| isa prakAra saptabhaMgI kA pratyeka bhaMga paraspara bhinna hai| isalie pratyeka bhaMga kA apanA alaga-alaga mUlya hai| sAMyogika kathanoM kA mUlya aura mahattva apane aGgIbhUta kathanoM ke mUlya aura mahattva se bhinna hotA hai| isa bAta kI siddhi bhautika vijJAna ke nimnalikhita siddhAnta se kiyA jA sakatA hai| usa siddhAnta meM kahA gayA hai ki kalpanA kIjie ki bhinnabhinna raMga vAle tIna prakSepaka a, ba aura sa isa prakAra vyavasthita haiM ki unase prakSepita prakAza eka dUsare ke Upara aMzataH par3ate haiM jaisA ki citra meM anyathA pratyekaghakArAdyapekSayA ghaTapadasyAdyabhinnatve dhakArAdyuccAraNenaiva ghaTapaTa jJAnasambhavena ghaTatvAvacchinnopasthiti sambhavAccheSoccAraNavaiyarthyamApadyata / ataeva pratyeka puSpApekSayA mAlAyAH kathaJcidbhedassarvAnubhava siddhaH / itthaM ca kathaJcitsattvAsattvApekSayA kramApitobhayamatiriktameva / --saptabhaMgItaraGgiNI, pR0 13. 2. vahI, pR0 15.

Page #266
upasaMhAra 219 dikhAyA gayA hai / pratyeka prakSepaka se nikalane vAle prakAza ko hama eka avayava mAna sakate haiM / kSetra a, ba aura sa eka raMga ke prakAza se prakAzita hai aura kSetra a + ba, ba + sa aura a + sa do-do avayavoM se prakAzita hai / jabaki bIca vAlA bhAga jo tIna avayavoM se prakAzita hai use a+ba+sa kSetra kaha sakate haiM / usa bhAga ko jo do raMgoM ke prakAza se prakAzita hai, mizraNa kahate haiM, kyoMki prakAzita bhAga a, ba, aura sa tInoM se prakAzita hotA hai / jaise hI tInoM avayavoM meM se koI avayava badalatA hai mizraNa kA raMga badala jAtA hai aura kisI bhI raMga vAle bhAga meM se usake avayavoM ko pahacAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai|' vastutaH vaha dUsare raMga kA janma detA hai, jo usake aMgIbhUta avayavoM se bhinna hotA hai / usa mizraNa ko usake avayavoM meM se kisI eka ke dvArA saMbodhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataeva unheM mizraNa kahanA hI sArthaka hai / raMgoM kA jJAna bhI kucha isI prakAra kA hai | yadi hama pIlA, nIlA aura vAyaleTa ko mUla raMga mAnakara mizrita raMga taiyAra kareM, to ve isa prakAra hoMge - a+ba+sa) vAyaleTa lAla kAlA 'pIlA nIlA 1. College Physics, Fourth edition complete p. 650, By Francis W. Sears and others.

Page #267
220 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya ko Adhunika vyAkhyA nolA + polA = hraa| polA + vAyaleTa = laal| vAyaleTa + nIlA = baignii| isI prakAra harA + baiganI % kAlA hogaa|' isa prakAra tIna mUlabhUta raMgoM ke saMyoga se cAra hI mizrita raMga banate haiN| ina mizrita raMgoM kA astitva apane mUla raMgoM ke astitva se bhinna hai| isalie inheM mUla raMgoM ke nAma se abhihita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ThIka yahI bAta syAdvAda ke sandarbha meM bhI hai| yadyapi saptabhaMgI ke uttara ke cAra bhaMga pUrva ke tona mUlabhUta bhaMgoM ke saMyoga mAtra hI haiN| kintu,ve sabhI ukta tInoM bhaMgoM se bhinna haiN| isalie unake alaga-alaga mUlya ho sakate haiM / ataH saptabhaMgI ko saptamUlyAtmaka kahanA sArthaka haiM / saptabhaMgI ke sAtoM bhaMga sAta prakAra ke mUlya pradAna karate haiM isa prakAra ke vicAra Adhunika tarkavidoM meM bhI svIkRta hai| aise vicAra vizeSa rUpa se sAMkhyikI aura bhautika vijJAnoM meM prApta hote haiN| pro0 jI0 bI0 barca ne apane lekha "Seven-valued Logic in Jain Philosophy" meM aise aneka vicArakoM ke mantavya ko uddhata kiyA hai, jinhoMne sAMkhyikIya yA bhautikIya siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para saptabhaMgI ko sapta mUlyAtmaka siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| bhAratIya sAMkhyikI saMsthAna ke saciva pro0 pI0 sI0 mahalanabisa ne syAdvAda kI eka saMbhAvyAtmaka vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai ki syAdvAda saMbhAvyatA kA guNAtmaka vicAra ke lie eka bauddhika AdhAra pradAna karatA hai jo ki sAMkhyikI ke guNAtmaka yA mAtrAtmaka vijJAna kA AdhAra hai| yadyapi unhoMne "syAt" ko "ho sakatA hai" ( May be ) meM aura "syAdasti avaktavyam ca" ko "yaha avaktavya hai" aura syAnnAsti ca avaktavyam" ko "yaha avaktavya nahIM hai" ke rUpa meM . Additive colour mixture takes place when lights are mixed or when sectors of colours are mixed by rotation on a colour wheel. If red, green and blue are so mixed the red and green combine to produce yellow and the yellow and blue combine to yield a neutral gray. Mixture of any two of the three colours produces and complements the third. -Erest R. Hilgard, Introduction to Psychology, p. 344.

Page #268
upasaMhAra 221 vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai / isI prakAra " syAdasti ca nAsti" ke sandarbha meM unhoMne kahA hai ki yaha Adhunika saMbhAvyatA ke siddhAnta ko tArkika AdhAra pradAna karatA hai aura pA~cavA~ bhaMga "syAdasti ca avaktavyam" saMbhA - vyatA ke kSetra ke astitva ko nirdiSTa karatA hai / jabaki syAnnAsti ca avaktavyam saMbhAvyatA ke kSetra ke astitva kA niSedha karatA hai / ' yadyapi pro0 mahalanabisa kI yaha vyAkhyA jaina - saptabhaMgI ko samIcIna nahIM hai tathApi syAdvAda kI tarapha vaijJAnikoM ke vicArAkarSaNa meM avazya saphala rahI hai / bhautika vijJAna ke kucha aise siddhAnta haiM jinako saptabhaMgI ke bhaMgoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai / isa saMdarbha meM pro0 merI bI0 milara aura eca0 ricenabaika kA vicAra draSTavya hai / ina tArkikoM ke anusAra prakAza ke taraMga aura kaNikA siddhAnta ko jaina tarkazAstra ke bhaGgoM meM sUtrabaddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / kathaJcit prakAza taraMga hai, udAhaNArtha apavartana aura vivartana meM, jinheM taraMgoM ke rUpa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai / kathaMcit yaha taraMga nahIM hai; udAharaNArtha kAmpaTana ke prabhAvapUrNa prakIrNana meM, jinheM taraMgoM ke rUpa meM AsAnI se nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai / kathaMcit yaha anizcita hai jaise phoTograiphika philma para prakAza ke prabhAva ko taraMga siddhAnta se siddha karane meM; yaha kArya kvAnTama siddhAnta ke rUpa meM samajhane yogya hai; jo taraMga aura kaNikA donoM ke vicAra ko rakhatA hai / yaha ( prakAza ) taraMga aura taraMga nahIM hai, donoM ko eka sAtha siddha karatA hai ( yaha tIsarA bhaGga hai ) / kathaMcit yaha hai aura yaha taraMga nahIM hai, jaise jaba yaha lensa yA greTiMga se gujaratA hai ( jahA~ yaha nizcita rUpa se taraMga nahIM hotA hai) aura taba yaha kAmpaTana prabhAva ko viSaya karatA hai ( jahA~ yaha nizcita rUpa se eka kaNikA ke rUpa meM pratyAspandana karatA hai ) / isalie vaha kramaza: taraMga hai aura taraMga nahIM hai ( yaha cauthA bhaMga hai ) / kathaMcit yaha ( prakAza ) taraMga hai aura yaha anizcita haiM, jaise jaba yaha vivartita hotA hai taba yadi isakA citra liyA jAya / kathaMcit yaha taraMga nahIM hai aura yaha anizcita hai jaise kAmpaTana ke prabhAva ke bAda yadi citra khIMcA jAya / kathaMcit yaha hai aura yaha taraMga nahIM hai aura yaha anizcita hai, jaise yadi eka greTiMga, kAmpaTana 1. uddhRta - Seven-valued Logic in Jain Philosophy" Printed in, International Philosophical Quarterly" p. 68-93, Vol. 4, 1964. By Prof. G. B. Burch.

Page #269
222 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA prabhAva aura eka phoTogrephika pleTa tInoM para eka sAtha prayoga kiyA jaay| __ isa prakAra bhautika vijJAna ke taraMga siddhAnta ko saptabhaGgI ke bhaGgoM meM rakhane se saptabhaGgo ke hI sapta mUlyAtmakatA ko siddhi hotI hai; kyoMki pratyeka bhaGga meM jo-jo prayoga kiye gaye haiM unase bhinna-bhinna niSkarSoM ko prApti hotI hai| pratyeka prayoga kA niSkarSa eka dUsare se bhinna hai| isalie pratyeka prayoga bhI eka dUsare se bhinna aura navona haiN| yadyapi isa prayoga ke AdhAra para pro0 merI bI0 milara aura eca0 ricenabaika ne yaha vyAkhyA tri-malyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke AdhAra para ho ko hai aura anta meM use trimalyAtmaka hI siddha kiyA hai / 2 kintu, jI0 bI0 barca ko yaha mata mAnya nahIM hai| unheM saptabhaGgo meM sapta mUlyAtmakatA hI dRSTigata hotI hai / unhoMne isa sapta mUlyAtmakatA kI siddhi hetu eka dUsarA dRSTAnta prastuta kiyA hai-"kyA liMkana dAsoM ko mukta kiyA thA ? isa prazna ko lekara isakA uttara pro0 barca ne saptabhaGgo ke AdhAra para dene kA prayatna kiyA hai / "kathaMcit usane dAsoM ko mukta kiyA thA, kyoMki usane unakI mukti ke ghoSaNA patra para hastAkSara kiye the| kathaMcit ve nahIM kiye the, kyoMki terahaveM saMzodhana ke anusAra ve kAnUnana mukta hue the; kathaMcit yaha anizcita hai, yadi Apa ina donoM ghaTanAoM para eka sAtha vicAra kreN| kathaMcit vaha kiyA thA aura nahIM kiyA thA, yadi Apa donoM ghaTanAoM para kramazaH vicAra kareM jaise eka itihAsa meM likhA jAtA hai| kathaMcit vaha kiyA thA aura yaha anizcita hai, yadi Apa ghoSaNA aura usake pariNAma para vArtAlApa kreN| kathaMcit vaha nahIM kiyA thA aura yaha avatavya hai yadi Apa dAsoM ke prArambhika sthiti ke AdhAra para saMzodhana kA saMdarbha ke sAtha vicAra kreN| kathaMcit vaha kiyA thA aura nahIM kiyA thA aura yaha anizcita hai yadi Apa ghoSaNA aura isakI sAMvaidhAnika kAryavAhI aura dAsoM para par3anevAle tAtkAlika prabhAva para eka saMkSipta TIkA kreN| saMdarbha 1. udadhata-"Seven-valued Logic in Jain Philosophy" Printed in, International Philosophical Quarterly" p. 68-93, Vol. 4, 1964. By G. B. Burch. 2. bho|

Page #270
upasaMhAra 223 para nirbhara hone se inameM se pratyeka kathana satya hai lekina inameM koI bhI satya nahIM hai ho sakatA yadi kahI haI zarta ko alaga kara diyA jAya / sAmAnya vicAra ise kabhI bhI upekSita nahIM kara sktaa| jabaki nimna koTi kA tarkazAstra yaha kahatA hai ki yA to vaha mukta kiyA thA yA nahIM kiyA thaa|' isa prakAra eka-eka zarta ko saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka bhaMga meM jor3a kara pro0 barca ne saptabhaGgI ko sapta mulyatA ko nirdhArita kiyA hai| vaise yaha kahanA ThIka bhI hai, kyoMki jaina saptabhaGgo bhI apanI sapta bhaGgitA kisI zarta ke AdhAra para hI siddha karatI hai| vaha bhI kathana ko pUrNataH nirapekSatA kA samarthana nahIM karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha pratyeka kathana ke sAtha sApekSatA kA sUcaka syAt pada ko jor3a detI hai| jo bho ho, saptabhaGgI sapta mulyAtmaka hai; isa bAta ko inakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| 1. uddhRta-Seven-valued Logic in Jain Philosophy, Printed in, International Philosophical Quarterly, p. 68-93, vol. 4, 1964, By Prof. G. B. Burch.

Page #271
saMdarbha grantha sUcI anekAntavAda : eka parizIlana -- vijaya munizAstrI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1961 / anyayoga vyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA - AcArya hemacandra, IzvaradAsa mUlacaMda StarbhaTa, ahamadAbAda, vIra saMvat 2466 / apohasiddhi -- ratnakIrti, anu0 govinda candra pANDeya, darzana pratiSThAna bApU nagara, jayapura, 1971 / abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa - 4 - zrImad vijaya rAjendra sUrIzvara, abhidhAna rAjendra kAryAlaya, ratalAma (1994) aSTasahasrI - zrI vidyAnanda (anu0 AryikA zrI jJAnamatI), di0 jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha), 1974 / Agamayuga kA jaina darzana - dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966 / AcArAMga sUtra - zrImat sudharmA svAmI, saMpA0 - AcArya zrI sAgarAnanda sUrIzvara, motIlAla banArasIdAsa iNDolAjika TrasTa, baMgaloroDa, javAhara nagara, dillI- 110007 (1978) / AptamImAMsA - zrI samantabhadra, muni anaMtakIrti granthamAlA, kAlabAdevIroDa, bambaI / IzAdi dazopaniSad - zAMkarabhASya sametA, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgaloroDa, javAhara nagara, dillI, 1964 / Rgveda saMhitA - saMpA0 - dAmodara bhaTTa, svAdhyAya - maNDala auMdha (ji. sAtArA) (1940) / kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA - zrI svAmikumAra, anu0 zrIzubhacandra, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta), 1960 / jaina tarkazAstra aura Adhunika bahumUlyIya tarkazAstra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ( zodha-prabandha ) -- zrImatI AzA jaina, nirdezaka - pro0 saMgama lAla pANDeya, darzana vibhAga, ilAhAbAda vi0vi0, ilAhAbAda aprakAzita (1979) /

Page #272
225 saMdarbha grantha sUcI jaina darzana--DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, 1974 / jaina darzana-muni zrI nyAya vijaya jI, anu0 zrI zAnti lAla maNilAla, zrI hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA, pIpalAnI zera pATana (guja rAta) 1956 / jaina darzana-DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaNDI, AgarA, 1959 / jaina darzana aura saMskRti : Adhunika saMdarbha meM-saMyojaka, bAbUlAla pATodI mahAvIra parinirvANa utsava samiti, indaura vizvavidyAlaya indaura, 1976 / jaina-dharma-darzana-DaoN. mohana lAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, 1973 / jaina darzana : manana aura mImAMsA-muni nathamala, Adarza sAhitya saMgha, curU rAjasthAna, 1973 / jainAgamazabda saMgraha-zrI ratnacandajI, saMghavI gulAba candra jasarAla, limbaDI, 1926. jainendra siddhAnta koza-kSu0 jinendra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana vArANasI, 1973. tattvasaMgraha-zAntarakSita TIkA, kamalazIla, senTrala lAibrerI bar3audA, 1926. tattvArtharAjavAtikam -akalaMka deva, pannAlAla jaina, zrI bhAratIya jaina siddhAnta prakAzinI saMsthA, 1915. tattvArthavArtika, bhAga-1-bhaTTAkalaMkadeva, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, tattvArthazlokavArtika-zrI vidyAnanda saMpA0-manohara lAla zAH, rAma candra natharaMga jI gA~dhI, mAMDavI, bambaI, 1918 / tattvArthasUtra-zrI umAsvAti, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976 / tattvArthasUtra-zrI umAsvAti, vyAkhyA-sukhalAla jI saMghavI, jainAcArya zrI AtmAnanda janmazatAbdI smAraka TrasTa borDa, bambaI, saMvat 1996 /

Page #273
226 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha-DaoN0 hukumacandra bhArilla, __paMDita ToDara mala smAraka TrasTa, e-4 bApUnagara, jayapura, (rAjasthAna), 1974 / / darzana aura cintana-khaNDa 1, 2-sukhalAlajI saMghavI, paM0 sukhalAlajI sammAna samiti, gujarAta vidhAnasabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda, 1957 / darzana digdarzana--rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, kitAba-mahala, ilAhAbAda, 1944 / darzana zAstra kA paricaya, jArja TAmasa hvAiTa paiTrika, anu0-umezvara prasAda mAlavIya, hariyANA hindI grantha akAdamI, caNDIgar3ha, 1973 / / dIgha nikAya-saMpA0-bhikSu je0 kAsyapa, pAlI pablikezana borDa, 1958 / dIgha nikAya-(hindI) anu0-bhikSu rAhula sAMkRtyAyana-bhi0 jagadIza kAzyapa, bhAratIya bauddha zikSA pariSad buddha bihAra, lakhanaU, 1979 / devAgama aparanAma AptamImAMsA-samantabhadra, muni ananta kIrti grantha mAlA, kAlabA devIroDa, bambaI / nyAyakumudacandraH-zrImatprabhAcandra, saMpA0 paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyazAstrI, mANika candra di0 jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, giragA~va, bmbii-4| nyAyakusumAJjali-udayanAcArya, saMpA0-mahAprabhudayAla gosvAmI, mithilA insTiTyUTa oNpha posTa grejueTa sTaDIja eNDa risacaM ina saMskRta laniga, darabhaMgA, 1972 / / nyAyamaJjarI-jayantabhaTTa , saMpA0/anu0 nagInajI zAha, lAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira ahamadAbAda, (1975) / nyAyabhAskara-saMpA0 zrI svAmI anantAcArya, zrI sudarzana presa, kAMjIvaram, 1924 / nyAyavAtika tAtparya TIkA-vAcaspati mizra, saMzo0 gaMgAdhara zAstrI, I0 je0 lAjarasa eNDa kaM0 banArasa, 1898 / nyAyAvatAra-zrI siddhasena divAkara, zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, jauharI bAjAra, bambaI, 1950 /

Page #274
saMdarbha grantha sUcI 227 paMcAstikAya - AcArya kundakunda zrIparamazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa boriA (gujarAta), 1969 / paMcAstikAya tAtparya vRtti - AcArya kundakunda, anu0| saMzo0 -- paM0 manohara lAla, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa ( gujarAta ), vi0 saM0 2025 / pannavaNAsUtra - amolaka RSi, rAjA bahAdura lAlA sukhadeva sahAya jI jvAlA prasAda jI, paMjAba, vIrAbda 2446 / puruSArthasiddhayupAya - AcArya zrI amRtacandra, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta), 1966 / pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana - devarAja, buddhivAdI prakAza gRha, lakhanaU, 1946 parIkSAmukham - zrI ananta vIrya, zrI bAlacandra jaina zAstriNA, 1928 / pramANaparIkSA - AcArya vidyAnanda, saMpA0 DaoN0 darabArI lAla koThiyA, vIra-sevA-mandira TrasTa, camelI kuTIra, vArANasI, 1977 pramANa - mImAMsA - anu0 paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla "nyAyatIrthaM", zrI trilokaratna sthA0 jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa pAtharDI, ahamada - nagara, 1970 / pramANasamuccaya - AcArya diGnAga, saMpA0 eca. Ara. raMgAsvAmI, 1930 / prameyakamalamArtaNDa - zrI prabhAcandra saMpA0 paM0 mahendra kumAra zAstrI, 1941 | brahmasUtrabhASyanirNayaH - prakA0 - 6 naM0 pAzi vAgAnalenastha bhavana, 1938 / bhagavatI ArAdhanA - jaina - saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1978 / bhagavatIsUtra, bhAga 1-7 = anu0 zrIyut paM0 yekha caMda jI bAThiyA, a0 bhA0 sA0 jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA ( ma0pra0), 1972 / bhAratIya darzana -- DaoN0 baladeva upAdhyAya, zAradA mandira, vArANasI, 1957 bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1 - DaoN0 esa. rAdhAkRSNan, anu0 sva0 nandakizora gobhila, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, kazmIrIgeTa, dillI, 1966 bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA - ema. hiriyannA, anu0 DaoN0 govardhanabhaTTa Adi rAjakamala prakAzana prAiveTa limiTeDa, dillI, 1969 / majjhimanikAya pAli- saMpA0 DaoN. pA. vi. bApata, pAlI pablikezana borDa (bihAra sarakAra), 1958 / yuktyanuzAsana -- svAmI samantabhadra, anu0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra-sevAmandira, sarasAvA, jilA - sahAranapura, 1951 /

Page #275
228 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA laghIyatraya aparanAma akalaMka granthatrayam-saMpA0-nyAyamukudacandra, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda, kalakattA, 1939 / vaizeSikasUtram-kaNAd candrAnanda, saMpA0-munizrI jambUvijaya jI, ori yanTala insTiTyUTa, bar3audA, 1961 / zrI nimbArkabhASyam (brahmasUtram)-zrI nimbArka, jaya kRSNadAsa haridAsa gupta, caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, banArasa siTI, vi0 1989 / zrImadbrahmasUtrANubhASyam-zrImadvallabhAcArya, buTAlA eNDa kampanI, dehalI, 1980 / zrImadbhagavadgItA-prakA0-motIlAla jAlAna, gItA presa, gorakhapura, saMvat 2028 / zlokavArtika (zarkarikA)- bhaTTaputra jayamizra, saM. ci. kuJan rAjaH, vizvavidyAlaya madrapurI, 1946 / zvetAzvataropaniSad-DaoN. tulasIrAma zarmA, IsTarna buka liMkarsa, dillI, 1976 / saMyuttanikAya pAli-bhikkhu jagadIza kAsyapa, bihAra rAjakIya pAli prakAzana, maNDala, 1959 / sAMkhyakArikA-Izvara kRSNa, vyA0-ramAzakara tripAThI, bAlakRSNa tripAThI, bhadainI, vArANasI, 1970 / sanmatitarkaprakaraNam-siddhasena divAkara, saMpA0/anu0 paM0 sukhalAla jI aura paM0 becara dAsa, prakA0-viThThaladAsa maganalAla koThArI gujarAta vidyApITha kAryAlaya, ahamadAbAda, saMvat 1980 / sanmati prakaraNa-paM0 sukhalAla jI aura becaradAsa, anu0 zAntilAla ma0 jaina, jJAnodaya TrasTa pAsa, ahamadAbAda (gujarAta), 1963 / saptabhaMgotaraMgiNI-vimala dAsa, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta), 1977 / saptabhaMgI-naya-pradIpa prakaraNam -yazovijaya gaNijI, zrI rAjanagarasthajaina prakAzaka sabhAyAH kAryavAhaka zreSThI "IzvaradAsa mUlacanda" itinAmA, kIkAbhaTTanI pola, ahamadAbAda, saMvat 2003 /

Page #276
saMdarbha grantha sUcI 229 samayasAra-kundakunda, jinavANI prakAzana vibhAga, zrI jaina maMdira jI sarAya rohataka, vIra saMvat 2468 / samayasAra-saMpA0 paM0 pannAlAla, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA vArANasI, 1969 / samayasAra saptadazAMgI TIkA-sahajAnanda (manohara jI varNI) mahArAja, pradhAnamantrI bhA0 varNI jaina sAhitya maMdira, mujaphphara nagara, 1977 / sarvArthasiddhi-zrI pUjyapAda, saMpA0-sI. esa. mallinAthana, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI, mahAvIra pArkaroDa, jayapura, 1951 / siddhi vinizcaya TIkA-zrImadbhaTTAkalaMka deva, saMpA0 mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, durgAkuNDa roDa, vArANasI, 1944 / sutta nipAta-anu0-bhikSu dharmaratna, mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha (banArasa), 1951 / sUtrakRtAMga-amolaka RSi, saMpA.-paM0 zobhAcandra bhArilla, zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhUliyA (mahArASTra), 1963 / sthAnAMga sUtra-saMpA0 kanhaiyA lAla "kamala", Agama anuyoga prakAzana pariSad vakhtAvarapurA, sAMDerAva (phAlanA-rAjasthAna ), 1972 / syAdvAdamaJjarI-malliSeNa, zrImadrAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta), 1970 / svayaMbhUstotra-samantabhadra, anu0-jugalakizora mukhtAra, vIra-sevA-maMdira sarasAvA, jilA-sahAranapura, 1951 / mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 1977-rAjasthAna jaina sabhA, jayapura (rAja sthAna), 1977 / muni zrI hajArI mala smRti grantha-saMpA0-zobhAcandra bhArilla, prakAzana samiti, vyAvara (rAjasthAna), 1965 / / zrI Ananda RSi abhinandana grantha-saMpA0 zrIcanda surAnA, zrI mahArASTra sthAnaka vAsI jaina saMgha, sAdhanA sadana, nAnApeTha, pUnA 1975 /

Page #277
230 jaina tarkazAstra ke saptabhaMgI naya kI Adhunika vyAkhyA zrI bhaMvarIlAla bAMkalIvAla smArikA-saMpA0-zrI indralAla zAstrI Adi, bhAratavarSIya zAnti vIra digambara jaina siddhAnta saMrakSiNI sabhA, 191, kAlabA devI roDa, bambaI, 1968 /

Page #278
DA0 bhikhArI rAma yAdava kA janma uttarapradeza ke Ajamagar3ha jile ke eka gA~va meM eka kRSaka parivAra meM haa| Apake pitA zrI ghurapattara yAdava aura mAtA zrImatI sahadeI haiN| ApakI prAraMbhika zikSA gA~va meM huii| ucca adhyayana ke lie Apa vArANasI Ae aura kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se ema0 e0 darzana zAstra kI upAdhi prathama zreNI meM uttIrga ko| snAtakottara upAdhi prApta karane ke pazcAt Apane pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke nidezaka DA0 sAgaramala jaina ke nirdezana meM saptabhaMgI jaise durUha viSaya para zodhakArya prAraMbha kiyA aura lagabhaga 2 varSa ke alpakAla meM hI zodha prabandha taiyAra kiyaa| inake kaThora parizrama aura adhyayana niSThA kA hI phala thA ki pI-eca0 DI0 upAdhi prApta hone ke pUrva hI esa0 ena0 sinhA kAleja, auraMgAbAda meM prAdhyApaka pada para inakI niyakti ho gii| samprati Apa usI kAleja meM darzana ke prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM kAryarata haiN| Apake kaI lekha vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita hue haiM aura eka lokapriya zikSaka ke rUpa meM ApakI khyAti hai| Janucation International www.jainelhiary.org