Devgadh ki Jain Kala

Author(s): Bhagchandra Jain Bhaskar
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002774/1

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devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana Ji BOARD VAR M 104 DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu'

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devagar3ha kI jaina kalA 'devagar3ha kI jaina kalA' khyAtiprApta purAtattvavid prophesara kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ke nirdezana meM DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' dvArA likhA gayA zodhaprabandha hai| isameM devagar3ha meM upalabdha sampUrNa jaina sAmagrI kA akhila bhAratIya kalA. sthApatya aura saMskRti ke vyApaka pariprekSya meM na kevala adhyayana huA hai, pratyuta purAtAttvika aura sAhityika sAkSyoM evaM anuzrutiyoM ke sandarbha meM samIkSAtmaka paddhati se parIkSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| devagar3ha ke sambandha meM bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya aneka anveSakoM tathA purAtattvavidoM ne bahuta kucha likhA hai kintu DaoN. 'bhAgendu' ne jina maulika mAnyatAoM ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai, ve sarvathA navIna haiN| vistRta aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi, sAMskRtika mahattva, vAstu evaM mUrti-zilpa ke sAMgopAMga vivecana se saMvalita yaha grantha adhyetAoM, anusandhitsuoM tathA kalApremiyoM ke lie atyanta upayogI hai| kahanA na hogA ki jainadharma, darzana evaM kalA ke jJAna ke sAtha hI yaha tatkAlIna saMskRti kA prAmANika dastAvez2a bhI hai| grantha ke anta meM sanniviSTa pariziSToM, 123 citroM tathA viziSTa jaina abhilekhoM ke mUlapATha se isakI upayogitA aura bhI bar3ha gayI hai| prastuta hai kRti kA yaha nayA saMskaraNa naye rUpAkAra meN| For Private & Personal usenly

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devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' bhAratIya jJAnapITha

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ISBN 81-261-518-5 mUrtidevI granthamAlA : hindI granthAMka 29 prakAzaka : bhAratIya jJAnapITha 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa nayI dillI-110003 mudraka : nAgarI priMTarsa dillI-110032 dUsarA saMskaraNa : 2000 mUlya : 200 rupaye (c) bhAratIya jJAnapITha DEOGARH KI JAIN KALA: EK SANSKRITIK ADHYAYAN (A cultural study of the Jaina art of Devgarh) Dr. Bhag Chandra Jain 'Bhagendu' Published by Bharatiya Jnanpith 18, Institutional Area, Lodi Road New Delhi-110003 Second Edition : 2000 Price : Rs. 200

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bhUmikA san 1954 I. meM maiM prathama bAra devagar3ha gayA thA aura tabhI lagA thA ki yahA~ kI jaina kalA aura sthApatya bhI itanA vipula, vividha aura kalAtmaka hai ki isakA adhyayana bhAratIya kalA aura sAMskRtika itihAsa ke lie anivArya hai| san 1958 meM sAgara vizvavidyAlaya ke saMskRta vibhAgIya adhyayana dala (ejukezanala TUra) meM apane gurujanoM ke sAtha punaH devagar3ha gayA to merI yaha dhAraNA aura adhika puSTa huii| taba isake adhyayana kI bAta clii| isa dizA meM AMzika prayatna to hue kintu vizeSataH jaina kalA aura sthApatya achUtA hI rhaa| isIlie sAgara vizvavidyAlaya meM prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga ke adhyakSa pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI ke nirdezana meM yaha 'devagar3ha kI jaina kalA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana' san 1962 meM Arambha kiyaa| yAtAyAta ke sAdhanoM se rahita, DAkuoM se AtaMkita aura vanya pazuoM se AkrAnta devagar3ha tathA samIpavartI anya kalA-kendroM ke sarvekSaNa aura adhyayana ke lie bAra-bAra vahA~ jAne aura mahInoM rahane Adi meM jo anubhUtiyA~ huIM unase kaI bAra to lagA ki yaha adhyayana bIca meM hI banda karanA pdd'egaa| eka-do bAra to aise saMkaTa kI sthiti se gujaranA par3A ki Aja usakI kalpanA karake bhI roma khar3e ho jAte tulanAtmaka aura samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke lie maiMne dUdhaI, cA~dapura, jahAjapura, serona, ahAra, papaurA, kSetrapAla (lalitapura), bajaraMgagar3ha (gunA), bar3agA~va, bilaharI, bahurIbanda, tigavA~, rUpanAtha, bher3AghATa, sAranAtha, khajurAho, sA~cI, udayagiri, vezanagara, vidizA, Adi prAcIna kalA-kendroM tathA dillI, lakhanaU, vArANasI, sAranAtha, mathurA, vidizA, sA~cI, devagar3ha, sAgara, rAmavana evaM khajurAho ke purAtattva saMgrahAlayoM kA bhI avalokana-anuzIlana kiyaa| prastuta prabandha meM maiMne devagar3ha meM upalabdha sampUrNa jaina sAmagrI kA bhAratIya kalA, sthApatya aura saMskRti ke vyApaka pariprekSya meM adhyayana kiyA hai tathA purAtAttvika aura sAhityika sAkSyoM evaM anuzrutiyoM ke sandarbha meM samIkSAtmaka paddhati se parIkSaNa bhI kiyA hai| pA~ca

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viSaya-vastu ke anusAra prabandha nau adhyAyoM evaM pA~ca pariziSToM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| viSaya-sUcI aisI banAyI gayI hai jisase samUcI sAmagrI kA bodha ho jaae| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA kA yaha adhyayana bhAratIya itihAsa, purAtattva, sthApatya, zilpakalA evaM saMskRti ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM eka sarvathA achUtA prayatna to hai hI, isase kalA, sthApatya aura saMskRti viSayaka aneka navIna mAnyatAoM para nayA prakAza bhI par3atA hai| jainadharma meM devapUjA kA mUlataH abhAva, mUrtipUjA kI pUrNarUpeNa pratIkAtmakatA, mandira kI kalpanA meM meru kA Adarza, bhaTTAraka saMsthA kA udbhava aura vikAsa, bhaTTArakoM kI bhautikavAdonmukha adhyAtmavAdI rIti-nIti, padmAvatI kI azAstrIya mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna Adi katipaya aise tathya haiM jina para isa prabandha meM kadAcit sarvaprathama maulika mAnyatAe~ prastuta kI gayI haiN| apane isa adhyayana meM maiMne pUrva vidvAnoM dvArA prastuta vivaraNoM aura mAnyatAoM ko tathyoM ke AdhAra para jA~cA-parakhA hai aura kahIM-kahIM unheM truTipUrNa bhI pAyA hai| purAtAttvika, sAhityika tathA anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para maiMne katipaya navIna sthApanAe~ bhI kI haiN| devagar3ha vAstava meM bhArata kA eka pramukha sAMskRtika kendra hai / yaha siddhakSetra na hokara bhI sammeda zikhara, Urjayanta ( giranAra ) aura zatruMjaya ( pAlItAnA) jaise utkRSTa mandira - nagaroM kI koTi meM AtA hai / yahA~ lagabhaga solaha sau varSa se kalA aura saMskRti kA vikAsa hotA rahA hai / prastuta prabandha isa mahattvapUrNa kalA-kendra ke sarvAMgINa adhyayana kA eka vinamra prayatna hai / prastuta zodha-prabandha ke nirdezana ke lie sAgara vizvavidyAlaya meM prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti tathA purAtattva vibhAga ke adhyakSa aura Taigora prophesara zraddheya paM. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI kA hRdaya se AbhArI hU~, jinake suyogya mArgadarzana, satata preraNA aura sulabha - sahAyatA ke abhAva meM isa zodhakArya kA pUrNa honA sambhava nahIM thA / unhoMne aura unake parivAra ne bhI jisa AtmIyatA ke sAtha mere zodhakArya meM amUlya sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai, usake lie maiM unakA anugraha aura AbhAra mAnatA huuN| yaha merA parama saubhAgya hai ki una jaise khyAtiprApta purAvid aura itihAsajJa ke nirdezana meM mujhe zodhakArya kA avasara prApta huA / sammAnya bhAI paM. gopIlAla amara evaM DaoN. gokulacandra jaina se mujhe nirantara bahumUlya sahayoga aura sujhAva prApta hue haiM, jisake lie maiM unakA hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ / devagar3ha-jaise samRddha aura mahattvapUrNa kalA - kendra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana sAmAnya rUpa se kisI eka vyakti ke vaza kA kArya nahIM thA, vaha to aneka vidvAnoM, mahAnubhAvoM aura tIrthaseviyoM ke sahayoga se hI sambhava huA hai / isa sandarbha meM sarvazrI sva. paramAnanda barayA, sva. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, sva. DaoN. chaha

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kAmatAprasAda jaina, DaoN. eca. DI. sA~kaliyA, DaoN. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha, zrI madhusUdana DhAkI, DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya, pro. zrIdhara mizra, DaoN. vIrendrakumAra jaina, pro. jayakumAra jalaja, paM. paramAnanda zAstrI, paM. parameSThIdAsa nyAyatIrtha, zrI nIraja jaina, pro. eca. sI. pArAzara, mA. rAjadhara jaina, pro. brahmadatta tivArI, pro. premacandra jaina, zrImatI saroja sAdhelIya, zrI vizanacandra ovarasiyara, mAsTara harizcandra jaina Adi sajjanoM kA sahayoga bhI smaraNIya hai / maiM ina sabhI kA AbhArI hU~ / devagar3ha mainejiMga digambara jaina kameTI ke tatkAlIna mantrI zrI zikharacandra siMghaI ne aneka prakAra kI suvidhAe~ aura sUcanAe~ pradAna kIM tathA vidizA ke phoTogrAphara zrI harizcandra jaina ne merI AvazyakatA ke anusAra aneka bAra devagar3ha pahu~cakara citra taiyAra kiye| sAgara vizvavidyAlaya ke purAtattva vibhAga ke ArTisTa aura phoTogrApharoM kA sahayoga bhI ullekhanIya hai / iTArasI mahAvidyAlaya ke mere priya chAtra zrI sadanalAla yAdava kA pANDulipi taiyAra karane meM sahayoga aura TaMkita pratiyoM ke saMzodhana meM zrI sanmatakumAra jaina (zodhachAtra, hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI) Adi kA sahayoga bhI sadhanyavAda svIkAra karatA hU~ / prastuta prabandha kI sAmagrI saMkalita karane meM maiMne sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, gaNeza jaina mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara, gaurAbAI jaina mandira, sAgara, pArzvanAtha jaina mandira, iTArasI, jaina mandira, rIThI, mahAtmA gA~dhI smAraka mahAvidyAlaya, iTArasI, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, sIhora, nezanala lAyabrerI, kalakattA tathA iNDiyA oNfisa lAyabrerI, landana Adi ke pustakAlayoM kA pratyakSa-parokSa upayoga kiyA hai / ataH ukta sabhI pustakAlayoM ke adhyakSoM ke prati vinamra bhAva vyakta karatA hU~ / mahAtmA gA~dhI smAraka mahAvidyAlaya iTArasI ke bhUtapUrva prAcAryoM, zrI zivabahArI trivedI evaM DaoN. rAmakhilAvana tivArI ne isa kaThina kArya meM mujhe jo sahayoga aura bahuvidha suvidhAe~ pradAna kIM, unakA vismaraNa karanA kRtaghnatA hogI / isI sandarbha meM zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, sIhora ke prAcArya DaoN. ke. ela. zrIvAstava (tatkAlIna adhiSThAtA, kalA saMkAya, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya) kI sahaja AtmIyatA bhI ullekhanIya hai / jUna 1969 I. meM sAgara (ma. pra. ) meM Ayojita 'snAtaka - zivira' meM zodha-prabandha ke prastutIkaraNa ke lie eka vizeSa dRSTi prApta huI, jisase prabandha ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM bar3A bala milA / sAgara vizvavidyAlaya dvArA 1970 I. meM pI-eca. DI. upAdhi ke lie svIkRta isa prabandha ke prakAzanArtha bheje jA cukane ke bAda devagar3ha kI jina - pratimAoM para jarmana vidvAn DaoN. klaoNz2a brUna kI eka sacitra pustaka prakAzita huI hai| isakI upayogitA apanI hai| isase prastuta prabandha kI tulanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, tathApi use sUkSmatA sAta

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se dekhA gayA aura jahA~ kahIM koI vizeSa tathya hamAre mata se bhinna kintu ullekhanIya lagA, usakA yathocita samAveza isa prabandha meM kara liyA gayA hai| yaha saMketa aprAsaMgika na hogA ki DaoN. brUna ne devagar3ha kI jina-pratimAoM, sabhI nahIM, kA adhyayana eka aisI zailI meM kiyA hai jo bahuta pracalita nahIM hai, sAtha hI aneka sthAnoM para unake niSkarSa yathAzAstra aura nirvivAda bhI nahIM bana sake haiN| para ina sabakA sandarbha hamane apane prabandha meM na denA hI ThIka smjhaa| itanA avazya hai ki isa prabandha ke likhe jAte samaya taka DaoN. brUna ke jo lekha devagar3ha Adi para prakAzita hue unakA yathAsthAna sandarbha diyA gayA hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha-jaisI pratiSThita saMsthA se isa grantha kA prakAzana ho rahA hai| isa saMsthA ke saMsthApaka mAnya sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina aura adhyakSA zrImatI ramA jaina kI dRSTi isa ora gayI aura unhoMne isakA prakAzana svIkAra kiyaa| vAstava meM sAhU-dampatI ne anya kSetroM kI bhA~ti purAtattva ke kSetra meM bhI sthAyI mahattva ke kArya kiye haiN| aneka sthAnoM para saMgrahAlayoM kA nirmANa, prAcIna mandiroM kA vidhivat jIrNoddhAra aura unake lie samparka-mArga Adi kA nirmANa-jaise kAryoM ke atirikta, isa upekSita viSaya para zodha-kArya ko protsAhana aura usake prakAzana meM isa dampatI kA sakriya sahayoga aisA hai jisakA ullekha bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM avazya hogaa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ke mantrI zrI lakSmIcandrajI jaina kI tatparatA aura preraNA se hI yaha grantha itane sundara rUpa meM prakAzita ho rahA hai| isa sabake lie mAnya sAhU-dampatI aura zrI lakSmIcandrajI jaina ke prati hArdika dhanyavAda vyakta karatA huuN| yadi vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM isa prabandha kI sAmagrI bhAratIya kalA, sthApatya aura saMskRti ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM upayogI aura mahattvapUrNa samajhI gayI to maiM apane prayatnoM ko sArthaka smyuuNgaa| bhAgacandra jaina mahAvIra jayantI 24 apraila, 1975 ATha

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viSayAnukrama 21-37 21 1. pRSThabhUmi 1. viSaya-praveza (a) kalA kA sAMskRtika mhttv| (ba) devagar3ha : aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi / (sa) devagar3ha kI kalA ke adhyayana ke prayatna : 1. zAsakIya prayatna : 1. alekjeNDara kaniMghama, 2. DaoN. e. phuharara, 3. iMpIriyala gajeTiyara, 4. zrI pUrNacandra mukharjI, 5. jhA~sI DisTrikTa gajeTiyara, 6. sara jaoNna mArzala, 7. zrI eca. hAragrIbz2a, 8. bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga tathA rAyabahAdura dayArAma sAhanI, 9. DaoN. DI.bI. spUnara / 2. sAmAjika prayatna : 1. zrI vizvambharadAsa gArgIya, 2. bra. zItalaprasAda, 3. zrI paramAnanda barayA, 4. bhA.di. jaina tIrtharakSA samiti, 5. zrI devagar3ha mainejiMga di. jaina kameTI, 6. zrI nAthUrAma siMghaI, '7. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, 8. paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI, 9. anya prytn| 3. Adhunika zodhakArya : 1. paM. mAdhavasvarUpa vatsa, 2. zrImatI mAdhurI desAI, 3. DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, 4. DaoN. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha, 5. DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina, 6. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, 7. DaoN. klAz2a brUna, 8. paM. paramAnanda zAstrI, 9. pro. kRSNadatta vaajpeyii| 2. sthiti 3. nAma 1. luacchagiri, 2. kIrtigiri, 3. devagar3ha-sambhAvanAe~, kiMvadantiyA~, zodhakartA kA mt| 4. itihAsa 1. prAgitihAsa kAla se mauryayuga taka, 2. zuMga-sAtavAhana kAla, 3. guptayuga, 4. vardhana sAmrAjya se Ayudha vaMza taka, 5. gurjara-pratihAra zAsana, 6. candela zAsana, 7. mugala, marAThA aura a~garejI zAsana, 8. vartamAna ruup| 27 28 32

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2. smAraka 40-92 1. prAstAvika 40 (a) mandira saMkhyA eka se ikatIsa taka, (ba) laghu mandira, (sa) stambha, (da) prakIrNa saamgrii| 2. dvAra (a) kuMja dvAra, (ba) hAthI drvaaj'aa| 3. jainetara smAraka (a) ghATiyA~ : 1. nAharaghATI, 2. rAjaghATI, (ba) siddha kI guphA, (sa) varAha mandira, (da) dazAvatAra mandira, (i) satI stmbh| 4. upasaMhAra 92 98 3. sthApatya 93-121 1. mandira-vAstu kA udbhava (a) sumeru : mandira-sthApatya kA AdhAra srota, (ba) kailAsa : zikhara saMracanA kA preraka, (sa) mudrAoM para aMkita mandira-AkRtiyA~, (da) vedikAoM para aMkita mandira-AkRtiyA~, (i) prAcIna mandira-sthApatya kI do vishesstaaeN| 2. mandira-sthApatya kA vikAsa : aitihAsika dRSTi 95 (a) maurya-zuMga kAla, (ba) zaka-sAtavAhana kAla, (sa) kuSANa kAla, (da) gupta kAla, (i) guptottara kAla aura usakI cAra zailiyA~, 1. gurjara-pratihAra zailI, 2. kalacuri zailI, 3. candela zailI, 4. kacchapaghAta shailii| 3. devagar3ha kI mandira-vAstu : svarUpa aura pramukha vizeSatAe~ 1. bhUmi tathA upakaraNa, 2. nirmAtA aura nirmANakAla, 3. zailIgata vizeSatAe~ aura alNkrnn| 4. devagar3ha ke jaina mandira 54 1. mandira saMkhyA 12: mahAmaNDapa, garbhagRha, pradakSiNApatha, antarAla, ardhamaNDapa, pradakSiNApatha kA praveza-dvAra, garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra, 2. mandira saMkhyA 30, 3. mandira saMkhyA 15, 4. mandira saMkhyA 31, 5. mandira saMkhyA 4, 6. mandira saMkhyA 18, 7. mandira saMkhyA 28, 8. mandira saMkhyA 5, 9. mandira saMkhyA 11, 10. zeSa mandira / 5. mAnastambha 119 100

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131 140 4. mUrtikalA (tIrthaMkara tathA deva-deviyA~) 120-166 1. prAstAvika 122 mUrti-nirmANa-kendra, upAdAna, kalAkAra, vibhinna kalA-zailiyoM kA prabhAva, svatantra mUrtikalA, parikara aura alaMkaraNa, cyutiyA~, vrgiikrnn| 2. devagar3ha kI tIrthaMkara-mUrtikalA kA sAmAnya anuzIlana 127 (a) guptakAla, (ba) guptottarakAla / 3. tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ prAcInatama mUrti, eka advitIya padmAsana tIrthaMkara, vizAlatama mUrti, maM.saM. 6 ke mUlanAyaka, maM.saM. 15 ke mUlanAyaka, abhinandananAtha, RSabhanAtha, maM. saM. 2 meM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara, padmAsana tIrthaMkara, maM.saM. 28 ke mUlanAyaka naminAtha, AdinAtha, AdinAtha, vRSabhanAtha, caturviMzati ptttt| 4. katipaya viziSTa tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ (a) jaTAoM kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya : 1. maM.saM. 13 ke kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara, 2. neminAtha, 3. anya ullekhanIya muurtiyaaN| 140 (ba) phaNAvali tathA sarpakuNDalI kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya mUrtiyA~ : 141 1. pArzvanAtha, 2. sumatinAtha, 3. pArzvanAtha : pAdapITha ke Upara srp| 142 (sa) dvimUrtikAe~, trimUrtikAe~ aura sarvatobhadrikAe~ : 1. maM.saM. 13 kI dvimUrtikAe~, 2. dvimUrtikAe~ aura trimUrtikAe~, 3. srvtobhdrikaaeN| (da) caturviMzati paTTa 143 (i) 176-mUrti aMkita stambha 144 (I) sahasrakUTa 144 5. deva-deviyA~ 144 sAmAnya lakSaNa, mahattva kA AropaNa, aMkana meM zAstra-vidhi kI upekSA, vrgiikrnn| (a) yakSa (zAsana deva) gomukha, pArzva, dhrnnendr| 150 (ba) yakSI (zAsanadevI) cakrezvarI, cakrezvarI kI anupama mUrti, cakrezvarI kI sundara mUrti, maM.saM. 19 kI dazamukhI cakrezvarI, mAnastambha para cakrezvarI, ambikA, maM.saM. 12 kI ambikA mUrtiyA~, ambikA yakSI kI anya mUrtiyA~, padmAvatI, dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~, maM.saM. 24 meM jar3I mUrtiyA~ : (dharaNendra-padmAvatI), padmAvatI kI svatantra mUrti, caubIsa yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~, ina yakSI-mUrtiyoM kA mhttv| 152 gyAraha

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(sa) vidyA- deviyA~ : gaurI, mahAkAlI, mahAmAnasI / (da) pratIkAtmaka deva - deviyA~ : (a) sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ : 1. maM.saM. eka ke pIche kI sarasvatI mUrti, 2. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra para sarasvatI, 3. maM. saM. 19 meM sthita sarasvatI mUrti, 4. sarasvatI kI khar3I mUrti, 5. anya sarasvatI mUrtiyA~ / (ba) lakSmI, devagar3ha meM upalabdha lakSmI mUrtiyA~ / (sa) navagraha / (da) gaMgA-yamunA aura nAga - nAgI / (i) anya deva - deviyA~ : 1. indra-indrANI, 2. udghoSaka, 3. paricAraka paricArikAe~, 4. kIrtimukha, 5. kIcaka, 6. dvArapAla, 7. kSetrapAla / 5. mUrtikalA ( anya mUrtiyA~) 6. vidyAdharoM kI mUrtiyA~ 7. sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ (a) AcArya, (ba) upAdhyAya, ( sa ) sAdhuH 1. jaina dharmazAlA meM pradarzita bAhubalI, 2. maM. saM. 11 meM sthita bAhubalI, 3. bharata - bAhubalI, 4. bharata / 8. AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ke mUrtyaMkana (a) AcArya mUrtiyA~ 1. maM. saM. 1 ke pIche jar3I AcArya mUrti (chatradhArI zrAvaka sahita ), 2. maM. saM. eka ke pIche jar3I AcArya mUrti, 3. azoka vRkSa ke nIce AcArya kA aMkana, 4. AcArya kI virala mUrti ( kSatradhAriNI zrAvikA sahita), 5. kulapati ke rUpa meM AcArya, 6. pAThazAlAoM ke anya aMkana / (ba) upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ 1. padmAsanastha upAdhyAya mUrti, 2. abhilikhita upAdhyAya mUrti, 3. tIrthaMkara ke parikara meM upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~, 4. toraNa para adhyApanarata upAdhyAya, 5. anya upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ / (sa) sAdhu - mUrtiyA~ 1. sAdhu dvArA AhAra grahaNa, 2. sambodhana, 3. zUkara ko sambodhana, 4. sAdhu vihAra, 5. nizcala yogirAja, 6 saMvAhana karAte hue muni / (da) ailaka (i) sAdhvI mUrtiyA~ : 1. pratikramaNa karAtI huI AryikA, 2. pravacana karatI huI AryikA, 3. AryikA saMgha / 169-212 9. zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ 1. tIrthaMkara kI mAtA, 2. tIrthaMkara - mAtA kA eka anya mUrtyaMkana, 3. bhakta zrAvaka-zrAvikA, 4. vinayI zrAvaka, 5. udAsIna zrAvaka, 6. anya aMkana / bAraha 159 161 169 170 175 175 178 180 181 182 183

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187 187 188 190 191 10. yugma aura maNDaliyA~ sAmAnya anuzIlana (a) yugma : 1. premAsakta yugma, 2. sambhogarata yugma, 3. shucismitaa| (ba) maNDaliyA~ : 1. nRtya-maNDalI, 2. vAdya-maNDalI, 3. sNgiit-mnnddlii| 11. pratIka pratIka kI svIkRti, pratIka-vikAsa, vibhinna rUpa, mUrtikalpanA, mUrtipUjA kA janma, mUrtiyoM ke pAtra, jainadharma meM pratIka / samavazaraNa, gandhakuTI, zrImaNDapa, sahasrakUTa, mAnastambha, caityavRkSa, aSTaprAtihArya, navanidhi, dharmacakra, cakra, zrIvatsa, svastika, solaha maMgalasvapna, caraNapAdukAe~, navagraha, zArdUla, makaramukha, kIrtimukha, kIcaka, gaMgA-yamunA, nAga-nAgI, tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana aura deva-deviyoM ke vaahn| 12. pazu-pakSI tathA anya jIva-jantu (a) pazu : siMha, hAthI, vRSabha, azva, zArdUla, hariNa, bandara, kuttaa| (ba) pakSI : garur3a, mayUra, haMsa, ckrvaak| (sa) anya jIva-jantu : sarpa, goha, makara, kacchapa, matsya, chipakalI, vRshcik| 13. Asana aura mudrAe~ (a) Asana : padmAsana, kAyotsargAsana, ardha-padmAsana, utthita-padmAsana, lalitAsana, rAjalIlAsana, ardh-pryNkaasn| (ba) mudrAe~ : vitarka, dharmopadeza, nAsAgra, aMjali, tribhaMga, kaTihasta, AliMgana, sambhoga, varada, abhy| 14. prakRti-citraNa vindhya parvatamAlA, vetravatI nadI, samudra, jalAzaya, matsya, gajarAja, siMha, vRSabha, sUrya, candramA, azokavRkSa, Amra-vRkSa, kalpavRkSa, latAe~ aura puSpa, Amragucchaka, patrAvaliyA~, kamalAkRtiyA~, kamaladala, sarpa, vRzcika, chipakaliyA~, siMha aura gAya tathA unake bcce| 15. upasaMhAra 205 206 208 208 209 210 212 213-233 6. dhArmika jIvana 1. dhArmika jIvana ke pratinidhi sAdhu samudAya, bhttttaark| 214 teraha

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215 221 225 227 2. bhaTTAraka prathA kA AvirbhAva mUlasaMgha aura usapara kAladoSa kA prabhAva, bhaTTAraka, bhaTTAraka sthiti| 3. sAdhu-dharma AvAsa-prabandha, udbodhana, caryA, nirmANa aura nirmANa-preraNA, zAstra-sRjana kA abhaav| 4. zrAvaka-dharma pariSkRta abhiruci, navadhA-bhakti, dravya kA sadupayoga, naitika pakSa, granthoM kA ptthn-paatthn| 5. paurANika kathAoM kA pracAra RSabhanAtha dvArA AhAra grahaNa, bharata-bAhubalI, cakrezvarI, vAtsalya kI pratimUrti ambikA, upasarga-nivAraka dharaNendra-padmAvatI, zUkara ko smbodhn| 6. dhArmika zikSA 7. dhArmika anuSThAna mandira pratiSThAe~ aura paMca kalyANaka mahotsava, gajaratha, melA, cAturmAsa (varSAvAsa), vrata, dIkSA, pUjana-vidhAna, satata pATha Adi / 8. dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa sUkSma dharmabodha, smnvy| 9. niSkarSa 229 280 232 232 7. sAmAjika jIvana 234-252 1. adhyayana ke srota 234 2. samAja ke vibhinna varga 234 1. ucca aura nimnavarga, 2. caturvidha saMgha : sAdhu, sAdhviyA~, shraavk-shraavikaaeN| 3. vaMza aura upajAtiyA~ : kaThanerA, agrotaka, garga, apTazAkha, golApUrva / 3. dharmaparAyaNatA 4. zikSA : zikSaka, zikSArthI, viSaya, upakaraNa, zikSAlaya, guru-shissy-smbndh| 241 5. lipi aura bhASA 243 6. vezabhUSA aura prasAdhana 243 1. sAdhu-saMsthA (a) digambara sAdhu : pIchI, kamaNDalu / 2.15 239 214 caudaha

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245 246 246 246 244 246 (ba) bhaTTAraka : adhovastra, uttarIya, maalaa| (sa) ailaka : kopIna, pIchI, kamaNDalu / (Da) kSullaka : kopIna, khaNDa-vastra (uttarIya), pIchI, kmnnddlu| (i) AryikA : sAr3I, uparivastra, pIchI, kmnnddlu| 2. gRhastha-saMsthA (a) puruSa : dhotI, aMgarakhI, turkI TopI, TopA, phulapaiNTa, jholI, janeU, kezasajjA, dAr3hI, mukuTa, tilaka, kuNDala, karNAvataMsa, karNikA, vibhinna prakAra ke galahAra, keyUra, kaTisUtra, paayl| (ba) strIvarga : sAr3I, avaguNThana kA abhAva, stanapaTTikA, uttarIya, TopiyA~, tilaka, mukuTa, kezasajjA, AbhUSaNa, voralA, lalATikA, mukuTa, kuNDala, karNapUra, hAra, ardhahAra, stanahAra, mohanamAlA, kaNThazrI (ThusI), kaTisUtra, mekhalA, keyUra, kaMkaNa, baghamA ke cUrA, bohaTA, hathaphUla, ArasI, aMgUThiyA~, cUr3iyA~, pAjeba, pAyala, pA~vapoza, ghugharU aadi| 7. Amoda-pramoda anuSThAna aura samAroha, saMgIta aura nRtya, vAdyayantra, anya saadhn|| 8. Arthika jIvana 9. niSkarSa 247 250 251 252 8. abhilekha 253-268 1. prArambhika, 2. abhilekhoM ke sthAna aura uddezya, 3. abhilekhoM ke / avasara, 4. devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM kA adhyyn| (a) bAhya pakSa 254 (1) sthAna, uddezya aura avsr| 254 (2) vargIkaraNa : 1. dAnasUcaka, 2. stutiparaka, 3. smAraka, 4. any| 254 (3) lipi, bhASA aura tithi| 257 (ba) Antarika pakSa 257 (1) bhaugolika mahattva : canderIgar3ha, pAlIgar3ha nagara, luacchagiri, gopAlagar3ha, vetravatI, karanATakI, shriimaalvnaagtraat| (2) itihAsa kI sAmagrI : bhojadeva, viSNurAma pacinda, rAjapAla, 259 udayapAladeva, sulatAna mahamUda, udayasiMha (udetasiMha,) devIsiMha (durgaasiNh)| (3) samAja kA citraNa : gotra tathA upajAtiyA~, sammAnita pada, udAra shraavk-shraavikaaeN| 261 257 pandraha

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( 4 ) dhArmika jIvana : saMgha, gaNa, gaccha, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA dhArmika kRtya, tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA, siddhAtmAoM ke ullekha smAraka aura deva - deviyA~ / (5) zikSA aura sAhitya | (6) Arthika sthiti / 9. upasaMhAra 1. prastuta zodha-kArya kI upalabdhiyA~, 2. katipaya zocanIya tathya, 3. sujhAva / pariziSTa 1. abhilekhoM kI sUcI aura saMkSipta vivaraNa 2. abhilekha - pATha 3. sahAyaka grantha sUcI 4. citrAvali - paricaya 5. citrAvali / solaha 262 266 267 269-273 274-314

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adhyAtma pa. ane. A. A., ArA e.esa.Ai. e.esa.AI. Ara. epI. iM. e.pI. Ara. eDa.hi. iM. gAiDa Tu lakhanaU myUjiyaga je.e.esa.bI. je. dA. sA. siM.. je. di. : epIgrAphiyA iNDikA : enuala progresa riporTa : ena eDavAMsDa hisTrI oNva iNDiyA hisTrI. phA. A. i.sI : e hisTrI oNva phAina ArTa ina iNDiyA aiNDa sIlona ki. kiraNa je. pra. je. dha. je. zi.saM.pra. jai.zi.saM.dvi. jai. zi.saM.tR. jai. zi.saM.ca. jai. nyA. je.sA.i. je.sA. i.vi.pra. Ti.saM. saMkSiptiyA~ : adhyAtma padAvalI : anekAnta (patrikA) : AkRti : ( ArA se prakAzita ) prazasti saMgraha : Ayalojikala sarve oNva iNDiyA : Ayalojikala sarve oNva iNDiyA riporTa : e zaoNrTa gAiDa buka Tu dI Ayalojikala sekzana oNva dI prAvisiyala myUjiyama, lakhanaU : jarnala oNva eziyATika sosAiTI oNva baMgAla : jaina dArzanika sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana : jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga ( vIra sevA mandira) jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga ( vIra sevA mandira) : jainadharma : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, pra. bhAga (mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA) : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, hi. bhAga (mA. di. jaina granthamAlA) : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, tR bhAga (mA. di. jaina granthamAlA) : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, caturtha bhAga (mA. di. jaina granthamAlA) : jaina nyAya : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza : TippaNI saMkhyA maha

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ta.sU. pa. pA.Ti. pra., prakA. praka. prA. bhA.i. pra., prastA. pari. prA. sA. i. pha. bI. vR. jai. zabdA. bha. bhU. bhA.da. bhA. bR.i. bhA.saM.jai.yo. maM. ma.pu. mA. e.i. va. rA. rA. jai. saM. le. zlo. zo. zA. SaTkhaM. sa.sA. sa. sampA. saM.sA. i. hi. hi.ka. : tattvArthasUtra padya : pAda-TippaNI : prakAzaka : prakaraNa : prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa : prastAvanA : pariziSTa : prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa : phalaka : bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha ( agaracandra aura bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ) : bRhad jaina zabdArNava : bhaTTAraka sampradAya (vidyAdhara joharApurakara) : bhUmikA : bhAratIya darzana : bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna : mandira : mahApurANa : mAnumeNTala aiNTIkyuTIz2a aiNDa insakripzansa ina da naoNrtha vesTarna prAviMsez2a aiNDa avadha : varSa : rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI granthasUcI, caturtha bhAga : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa: vyaktiva evaM kRtitva : lekhaka : zloka : zodhAMka (jaina - sandeza) : zAstrI : SaTkhaNDAgama : samayasAra : sarga : sampAdaka : saMskRta sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa : hisTrI oNva jaina monAkijma phraoNma insakripzansa aiNDa liTarecara : hisTrI oNva kanauja aThAraha

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devi zrI-zruta-devate bhagavati tvat-pAda-paGkeruhadvandve yAmi zilImukhatvamaparaM bhaktyA mayA prArthyate, mAtaza-cetasi tiSTha me jina-mukhodbhUte sadA trAhi mAM dRga-dAnena mayi prasIda bhavatI smpuujyaamodhunaa| deva-zAstra-guru-pUjA, zloka 3

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1 pRSThabhUmi viSaya-praveza ( a ) kalA kA sAMskRtika mahattva 'bhArata adhyAtma-pradhAna deza hai| yahA~ darzana, bhASA, sAhitya, lalita kalAe~, loka-jIvana sabhI AdhyAtmikatA se anuprANita haiM / bhArata meM sabhyatA ke AdikAla se dhArmika bhAvanAe~ kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna rahI haiM / dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karane ke lie mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huaa| ye mandira kevala pUjA kA sthAna aura mUrtiyA~ kevala pUjanIya vastu hI nahIM haiM, ye aitihAsika anveSaNa meM sahayogI bhI haiM / kadAcit isI kAraNa mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ko 'saMskRti ke avazeSa' ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / paramparA aura itivRtta isa tathya ke prabala poSaka haiM ki jaina dharma bhArata ke vividha bhAgoM meM bahuta prAcIna kAla se pracalita rahA hai, aneka kalA-kendra Aja bhI isake pramANa haiM / aise sthAnoM para prAcIna saMskRti aura kalA ke pratyakSa darzana hote haiM / uttara pradeza ke lalitapura jile meM sthita devagar3ha eka aisA hI kalA - kendra hai / (ba) devagar3ha : aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi devagar3ha kI prasiddhi mahattvapUrNa rAjanItika kendra ke rUpa meM na rahI ho, parantu usakA itihAsa prAcIna hai / vahA~ prAgitihAsa kAla ke kucha aujAra mile haiN| vartamAna giri-durga ke dakSiNa meM, rAjaghATI meM eka Adima yugIna guphA hai, jisameM kucha citra I 1. dekhie - iNDiyana AyalAMjI, e rivyU, 1959-60 I., pR. 46 aura Age / 2. giridurga se dakSiNa meM eka lambe sopAnamArga dvArA betavA ke jala taka pahu~cate samaya 'rAjaghATI' milatI hai| isameM pahAr3I ke kinAre para kI zilAoM para aneka guphAe~ va devakulikAe~ haiM / 3. eka vizAlAkAra zilA meM kATakara banAyI gayI isa prAcIna guphA kA antarbhAga 5 phuTa 10 iMca lambA aura 3 phuTa 3 iMca caur3A hai| vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhie agalI TippaNI / pRSThabhUmi :: 21

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haiN|' ina citroM ko tatkAlIna mAnava ne avakAza ke kSaNoM meM banAyA hogaa| moryakAla meM bhI vahA~ kucha nirmANa kArya huA pratIta hotA he jo guptakAla meM Age bar3hA ora devagar3ha tabhI se mUrti-nirmANa kA kendra bana gyaa|' yahA~ isa kAla ke ora isake bAda' ke bhI kucha zikhAlekha prApta hue haiN| uttara guptakAla meM bhI yahA~ yaha krama calatA rhaa| candela-yuga meM isakA rAjanItika mahattva bar3hA aura kadAcit usI samaya yahA~ giri-durga kA nirmANa huaa| taba se mugalakAla ke pUrva taka yahA~ rAjanItika halacala to rahI hI, mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI nirantara hotA rhaa| 13vIM zatI meM yaha sthAna musalamAnoM ke adhikAra meM A gyaa| isa kAla meM yahA~ kA rAjanItika mahattva kama ho gayA, kintu dhArmika mahattva pUrvavat banA rhaa| san 1811 I. meM yaha sthAna mahArAjA sindhiyA ke adhikAra meM A gayA thA, paranta kacha samaya bAda unhoMne ise canderI ke badale meM a~gareja sarakAra ko de diyaa| devagar3ha meM pracalita rahe dharma-sahiSNu vAtAvaraNa meM brAhmaNa tathA jena saMskRtiyA~ sAtha-sAtha pallavita-puSpita hotI rhiiN| mandiroM kI bhittiyoM, dvAroM Adi para utkIrNa mUrtiyoM, abhilekhoM Adi se yuga-yugIna saMskRti kI acchI jhA~kI milatI hai| khajurAho, koNArka aura bhuvanezvara Adi kI bhAMti yahA~ kA vAtAvaraNa vAsanA-pradhAna kabhI nahIM rhaa| tIrthaMkaroM tathA anya devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM kI adhikatA usake 1. gaphA ke antarbhAga meM sindarI aura kAle raMga se kacha citra bane haiN| vAyIM ora eka calate hA hAthI para aMkuzadhArI mahAvata citrita hai| usake Upara eka 3 iMca 5 iMca kA caturbhuja lahariyAdAra rekhAoM ke sAtha citrita hai, jisake madhya meM do rekhAkRtiyA~ aura haiN| usakI dAyIM Ara iMca : 2.5 iMca kA eka Ter3hA-mer3hA caturbhuja hai, jisake bIca kI rakhAeM samajha meM nahIM aatiiN| usakI bhI bAjU meM kisI pakSI, kadAcit murgA, kA rekhAcitra hai| usase lagA huA eka 6 iMca TaMca kA lahariyAdAra rekhAoM se banA caturbhuja bhI hai| sAmane kI dIvAra para kucha aspaSTa citra haiM, jinake Upara gahare sindUrI raMga meM / phuTa x 1 phuTa 4 iMca kI eka vakra catuSkoNa rakhAkRti hai| lagabhaga aisI hI tIna rekhAkRtiyA~ dAyIM dIvAra para bhI haiN| 2. devagar3ha meM isa kAla ke aneka mandira aura mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| 3. (a) nAharaghATI meM utkIrNa abhilekha, de.--e. kaniMghama : e. esa. Ai., jilda 10, pR. 102 / (va) maM. saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa ke eka aThapahalU stambha para guptakAlIna lipi meM utkIrNa abhilekha, de.-sara jaoNna mArzala : e. esa. Ai., e. Ara., 1914-15 I.; khaNTa eka, pR. 27 / (sa) DaoN. DI. bI. spUnara : e. esa. Ai., e. Ara., 1917-18 I.; khaNTa eka, (kalakattA, 192) I.), pR. 32 / 4. dazAvatAra mandira ke ahAte meM prApta 9 phuTa 1 iMca U~ce tathA / phuTa 8.5 iMca catuSkoNa stambha (saMkhyA eka) para utkIrNa abhilekh| (ka) vAI. Ara. gupte : e. pro. ri., hi. bu. mA., nA. sa. (lAhaura, 1915 I.), pR. 5 / (kha) dayArAma sAhanI : e. pro. ri., hi. bu. mA., nA. sa. (lAhora, 1968 I.), pR. 12 / (ga) paM. mAdhavasvarUpa vatsa ; memvAyara oNpha dI e. esa. Ara. (saMkhyA 70), (dillI, 1952 I.), pR. 3 tathA 28 / 22 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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dhama-pradhAna hone ke jvalanta pramANa haiN| zikAra Adi ke dRzyoM yA ullekhoM ke abhAva se yahA~ ke ahiMsAmaya vAtAvaraNa kA anumAna hotA hai| saMkSepa meM, devagar3ha rAjanItika kI apekSA dhArmika aura sAMskRtika mahattva ke lie adhika ullekhanIya hai| isa dRSTi se use sA~cI aura bharahuta Adi kI koTi meM rakhA jAe to ucita hI hogaa| (sa) devagar3ha kI kalA ke adhyayana ke prayatna yaha vicitra lagatA hai ki isa mahattvapUrNa kalAkendra kA ullekha sAhitya meM nagaNya rahA aura anya srota bhI isa viSaya meM mauna haiN| devagar3ha meM upalabdha abhilekha hI isake viSaya meM kucha prakAza DAlate haiN| phira bhI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna idhara isakI kalA aura saMskRti ke adhyayana kI ora gyaa| devagar3ha ke adhyayana ke lie vibhinna staroM para jo prayatna hue, unakA saMkSipta paricaya yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| (1) zAsakIya prayatna 1. alekjeNDara kaniMghama-devagar3ha ke purAtAttvika mahattva para sarvaprathama zrI alekjeNDara kaniMghama kA dhyAna gyaa| unhoMne bhArata sarakAra kI ora se 1874-75 aura 1876-77 I. meM yahA~ kA sarvekSaNa kiyaa| isakI riporTa meM unhoMne dazAvatAra, zAntinAtha tathA kucha anya mandiroM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prakAzita kraayaa| DAkuoM, jaMgalI jAnavaroM, jaMgala kI saghanatA ke bAvajUda unhoMne yahA~ kA jo prAmANika adhyayana prastuta kiyA, vaha Aja bhI upayogI hai| 2. DaoN. e. phuharara-unake pazcAt DaoN. e. phuharara ne 1891 meM yahA~ kA vivaraNa' prakAzita kraayaa| inhoMne zrI kaniMghama ke kArya ko Age bddh'aayaa| 3. zrI pUrNacandra mukharjI-1899 I. meM zrI pUrNacandra mukharjI ne apanI eka pustaka meM devagar3ha ke smArakoM kA acchA paricaya diyaa| 4-5impIriyala tathA DisTrikTa gajeTiyara-san 1908 meM 'impIriyala gajeTiyara' oNpha iNDiyA aura 1909 I. meM 'jhA~sI DisTrikTa gajeTiyara' prakAzita hue, jinameM devagar3ha kA saMkSipta vivaraNa hai| 1. de.--e. esa. Ai. Ara., TUrsa ina bundelakhaNDa eNDa mAlavA ina 1874-75 khaNDa 1876-77 I., jilda 10 (kalakattA, 1880 I.), pR. 100-1101 1. de.-e. esa. Ai. Ara., dI mAnumeNTala eNTikviTIz2a eNDa iMsakripzaMsa ina dI nArtha vesTarna prAviMsez2a eNDa avadha (ilAhAvAda, 1891 I.), pR. 119-121 / 3. riporTa Ana dI eNTikviTIz2a ina dI DisTrikTa oNfa lalitapura, jilda phlii| 4. de.-jilda gyArahavIM, pR. 2.15 / pRSThabhUmi :: 23

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6. sara jaoNna mArzala - bhArata ke purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa kI 1914-15 kI vArSika riporTa ke prathama bhAga meM sara jaoNna mArzala ne isakA kucha paMktiyoM meM ullekha kiyaa| san 1915 kI 'vArSika pragati kI riporTa' meM yahA~ ke sAta zilAlekhoM kA vivaraNa prakAzita huA / ' 7. zrI eca. hAragrIvz2a - 1916 I. kI 'vArSika pragati kI riporTa' meM bhI zrI eca. harAgrIvz2a ne 13 zilAlekhoM kA saTippaNa vivaraNa prakAzita kiyA / " 8. bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga tathA rAyabahAdura dayArAma sAhanI - isake pazcAt eka navambara, 1917 I. ko bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva vibhAga ne isa kSetra ko apane adhikAra meM le liyA aura rAyabahAdura dayArAma sAhanI ko vahA~ sarvekSaNa ke lie bhejaa| dinAMka 22/11/1917 se 17/12/1917 I. taka unhoMne sarvekSaNa karake smArakoM, mUrtiyoM aura saikar3oM abhilekhoM kA mahattvapUrNa vivaraNa taiyAra kiyA / " inhoMne yahA~ ke smArakoM ke jIrNoddhAra ke lie prAntIya aura kendrIya zAsanoM se kucha rAzi svIkRta karAyI, parantu jaMgala kI saphAI aura smArakoM ke prArambhika jIrNoddhAra ke atirikta adhika kucha na ho sakA, kyoMki jaisA ki sara jaoNna mArzala ne likhA hai, "isa jile meM akAla par3a jAne se kArya ko usa samaya taka ke lie sthagita kara denA par3A, jaba taka koI anukUla sthiti na aae| 9. DI. bI. spUnara - isa bIca zrI DI. bI. spUnara ne bhI 1917-18 kI vArSika riporTa ke prathama bhAga meM isakI carcA kii| (2) sAmAjika prayatna 1. zrI vizvambharadAsa gArgIya - 1922 I. meM lalitapura ke eka pradhAnAdhyApaka 1. kalakattA se 1916 I. meM prakAzita, de. - pR. 27 1 2. de. - pariziSTa 'i', pR. 8-9 1 3. de. - pR. 5 tathA pariziSTa 'e' / 4. zAsana ne apane noTiphikezana kra. 958- ema. - 367-47-111, dinAMka 10 sitambara, 1917 dvArA devagar3ha kile ke jaina mandiroM ko san 1904 ke 'eziyeNTa mAnumeNTsa prijarvezana aikTa sAta' ke anusAra saMrakSita ghoSita kiyA aura noTiphikezana kra. 1162-ema.-367-47-111, dinAMka 1 navambara, 1917 dvArA apane ukta Adeza kI sampuSTi kii| de. - dayArAma sAhanI : e. pro. ri., 1920 ( lAhaura, 1921 I.), pariziSTa 'pha', pR. 14 5. de. - e. pro. ri., hi. bu. mA. nA. sa., dvitIya khaNDa, 1918 ( lAhaura, 1918), pR. 5-101 6. sara jaoNna mArzala : AryolaoNjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, enuala riporTa 1919-20 ( kalakattA, 1922 I.), pR. 6 / 7. DaoN. DI. bI. spUnara : A. sa. i. e. ri. 1917-18 prathama bhAga (kalakattA, 1992), pR. 7 aura 321 24 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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zrI vizvambharadAsa gArgIya ne zrI sAhanI kI ukta riporTa kA hindI anuvAda kiyaa| 2. bra. zItalaprasAda--1923 I. meM bra. zItalaprasAda ne apanI pustaka 'saMyukta prAnta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka'' meM bhI devagar3ha kA vivaraNa diyaa| 3. zrI paramAnanda barayA-lalitapura ke eka tatkAlIna karmaTha yuvaka sva. zrI paramAnanda barayA ne devagar3ha ke jIrNoddhAra Adi meM gaharI dilacaspI lenA prArambha kiyaa| unhoMne zAsana aura samAja ke sahayoga se isa kSetra kI dIrghakAla taka jo sevA kI, vaha taba taka nahIM bhulAyI jA sakatI jaba taka devagar3ha kA astitva hai| 4. bhA. di. jaina tIrtha rakSA samiti-zrI barayA ke satata prayatna ke phalasvarUpa san 1918 I. meM zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrtha rakSA samiti ne isa kSetra kA pravandha apane nirdezana meM le liyaa| 5. zrI devagar3ha mainejiMga di. jaina kameTI-san 1930 meM jAkhalauna, lalitapura Adi ke jainoM ne eka samiti gaThita karake isa kSetra kA prabandha ukta samiti se apane hAtha meM liyaa| isa saMsthA ne jo sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA, vaha thA bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva-vibhAga se dinAMka 4/3/1935 ko jaina smArakoM ke tathA vana vibhAga se dinAMka 11/6/1938 ko jaina smArakoM ke AsapAsa kI bhUmi kI prApti / 6-7. zrI nAthUrAma siMghaI, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra-san 1929 meM zrI nAthUrAma siMghaI ne eka lekha" isa kSetra ke sambandha meM likhA, jisa para zrI jugalakizora mukhtAra kI mahattvapUrNa sampAdakIya TippaNI bhI thii|' 8. paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI-san 1941 meM paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI ne isa kSetra kI apanI yAtrA kA sacitra vivaraNa prakAzita kraayaa| 1. yaha vivaraNa devagar3ha ke jaina mandira zIrSaka se 28 pRSThoM meM prakAzita huA hai| 2. prakAzaka- hIrAlAla jaina, ema. e., jaina hosTala ilAhAvAda, 1923 I., devagar3ha ke vivaraNa ke lie de.-pR. 19-53 / 3. isa samiti kA nAma 'zrI devagar3ha mainejiMga digambara jaina kameTI' rakhA gayA aura isakA paMjIyana, dhArA 21, san 1860 ke antargata rajisTrAra, jvAiNTa sTAka kampanIja, lakhanaU (u. pra.) dvArA paMjIyana kramAMka 26 dvArA kiyA gyaa| 1. zrI devagar3ha mene. di. jaina kameTI ke pAsa ikarAranAme kI jo nakala hai, usa para patra saMkhyA Adi nahIM aMkita hai, kintu dinAMka 4 mArca 1935 aMkita hai| 55. de.- vana vibhAga, noTiphikezana kra. misale. 702-14-395 dinAMka 21 jUna 1938 isa noTiphikezana ke AdhAra para dinAMka 4 agasta, 1938 ko zrI devagar3ha maine. di. jaina kameTI ko jaina mandiroM kI sImA hetu lagabhaga 8.20 ekar3a bhUmi vana vibhAga dvArA sauMpI gyii| 6. devagar3ha', anekAnta, varpa 1, kiraNa ) (1986 vikramAvda), pR. 98-100 / 7. vahI pR. 101-103 / 5. jena siddhAnta bhAskara, kiraNa ", bhAga 8 (ArA, 1941), pR. 67 aura aage| pRSThabhUmi :: 25

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(3) Adhunika-zodha-kArya bhArata sarakAra kI ora se purAtattva vibhAga ke adhikArI zrI mAdhava svarUpa vatsa ne yahA~ kaI mAha rahakara 'dazAvatAra-mandira' kA zodhapUrNa aura sacitra vivaraNa likhA jo 1952 I. meM prakAzita huaa| 1958 I. meM zrImatI mAdhurI desAI ne bhI ukta mandira ke sambandha meM eka sacitra pustikA likhii|' sarvazrI DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, DaoN. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha, DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. klAz2a brUna' aura paM. paramAnanda jaina zAstrI Adi ne vibhinna granthoM aura lekhoM meM devagar3ha para TippaNiyA~ diiN| 1962 I. meM pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI kA eka zodhapUrNa sacitra nibandha prakAzita huA' jisase devagar3ha kI kalA aura saMskRti ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| unakI do pustakoM 'yuga-yugoM meM uttara pradeza' tathA 'uttara pradeza kA sAMskRtika itihAsa'10 meM bhI devagar3ha ke vivaraNa haiM, inake atirikta vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM bhI unhoMne devagar3ha para 1. memvAyara oNva da A. sa. i., saMkhyA 70 (dehalI, 1952 ii.)| 2. da guptA Tempala eTa devagar3ha, prakA. bhUlAbhAI memoriyala iMsTITyUTa, vmbii| 3. (a) jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 22, kiraNa eka (jUna, 1957 I.), pR. 12-2' 'devagar3ha aura usakA kalA vaibhv|' (ba) vIra (adhivezana vizeSAMka), varSa 31, aMka 17-18 (maI 1956), pR. 41-47 'prAcIna bhArata kA vaibhava devagar3ha' / (sa) bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi (kAzI, 1961 I.), pR. 146-47, 160-61, 174-75 devagar3ha sambandhI vivrnn| 4. sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa (banArasa, 1955 I.), pR. 15, 20, 21, 23, 61, 95 tathA 114 para devagar3ha sambandhI ullekha evaM citra phalaka 15 A. 39, pha. 16 A. 13, pha. 17 A. 16, pha.17 A 47 aura pha. 22 A. 56 / 5. jaina tIrtha aura unakI yAtrA, prakA., mantrI, bhA. di. jaina pariSad pabliziMga hAusa, dehalI, 1962 I., devagar3ha kA paricaya, pR. 145-54 1 6. (a) prastAvanA : saMyukta prAnta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka (ilAhAvAda, 1923 ii.)| (va) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, prakA.-ma. pra. zAsana sAhitya pariSad (bhopAla, 1962 I.) pR 327-28, 347-48, 353, 355, 357-58 tathA 361 evaM citra pR. 391-93 aura 395 / 7. (ka) devagar3ha ke jaina mandira : vIra (adhivezana vizeSAMka), (maI, 1956 I.), pR. 57-61 / (kha) lekcara raiDa eTa da melA eTa devagar3ha (1456) / (ga) madhyapradeza ke jaina tIrtha : devagar3ha', jainayuga, maI 1959 ii.| 8. (a) muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha (vyAvara, 1965 I.) meM 'madhya-bhArata kA jena purAtattva' (pR. 698-712) zIrSaka nibandha meM devagar3ha kA paricaya, pR. 702-705 / (va) anekAnta, varSa 19, ki. 1-2 (apraila-jUna, 1966), pR. 58-62 para devagar3ha kA vivaraNa / 9. devagar3ha kI jaina pratimAeM: anekAnta, varSa 15, ki. / (apraila, 1962 I.), pR. 27 aura 30; 10. vaha pustaka san 1954 I. meM ilAhAbAda se prakAzita huii| 26 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ullekhanIya TippaNiyAM kI haiN|' devagar3ha ke sambandha meM aba taka kA antima prakAzana yahA~ kI prabandha samiti dvArA prakAzita eka sacitra pustikA hai| isake atirikta, bra. premasAgara kI 'devagar3ha pUjana'' zrI kalyANakumAra 'zazi' kA 'devagar3ha kAvya aura zrI hariprasAda 'hari' kI 'devagar3ha' nAmaka kAvyamaya pustikAe~ bhI prakAzita huI haiN| isa prabandha meM 'devagar3ha kI jaina kalA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana' kiyA gayA hai| isameM madhya kAla taka kI kalA kA vizeSa rUpa se aura usake bAda kI kalA kA sAmAnya rUpa se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| smArakoM aura unakI sthApatyagata vizeSatAoM, mUrtiyoM aura abhilekhoM kA vivaraNa dene ke pazcAt unake AdhAra para devagar3ha kI jaina saMskRti, samAja aura dharma para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sthiti devagar3ha uttara pradeza meM navanirmita lalitapura jile kI lalitapura tahasIla meM uttara pradeza aura madhya pradeza kI sImA para betavA ke kinAre, 24deg 32 uttarI akSAMza aura 78 15 pUrvI dezAntara para sthita hai| madhya relave ke dillI-bambaI mArga ke lalitapura sTezana se yaha dakSiNa-pazcima meM 33 kilomITara kI eka pakkI sar3aka se jur3A hai| usI relave ke jAkhalauna sTezana se isakI dUrI 13 kilomITara hai|| prAcIna devagar3ha vindhyAcala kI pazcima zreNI para giri-durga ke madhya sthita thaa| Aja vaha usakI pazcimI upatyakA meM basA hai| yahA~ kI janasaMkhyA lagabhaga 300 hai| eka Adhunika digambara jaina mandira, vizAla jaina dharmazAlA, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya ora zAsakIya vana-vizrAma-gRha bhI yahA~ hai| grAma ke uttara meM prasiddha dazAvatAra mandira tathA zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya aura pUrva meM pahAr3I para usake dakSiNa-pazcimI kone para 'jaina smAraka' haiN| isa pahAr3I kI adhityakA ko ghere hue eka vizAla prAcIra hai, jisake pazcima meM 'kuMjadvAra' aura pUrva meM 'hAthI-daravAjA' hai| isake madhya eka aura prAcIra hai, jise 1. zivalAla agravAla eNDa kaM. prA. li., AgarA se san 1959 I. meM prkaashit| (a) 'uttara pradeza kI aitihAsika vibhUti' u. pra. zAsana ke zikSA vibhAga dvArA lakhanaU se 1957 I. meM prkaashit| (va) uttara pradeza meM purAtattvIya anusandhAna : zikSA (akTUbara 1955 I.) meM prkaashit| ''. prakA.--siMghaI nAthUrAma jaina, vyavasthApaka-zrI devagar3ha jIrNoddhAra kameTI, lalitapura, vIra saMvat 21511 3. prakA. --uparyukta, san 1939 / 1. prakA.. daravArI lAla jaina, lalitapura, san 1954 ii.| pRSThabhUmi :: 27

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'dUsarA koTa' kahate haiM, isI ke madhya vartamAna 'jaina smAraka' haiN| dUsare koTa' ke madhya meM bhI eka choTA-sA prAcIra thA, jisake avazeSa Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| isa prAcIra ke bhI madhya eka prAcIranumA dIvAra, donoM ora khaNDita mUrtiyA~ jar3akara banAyI gayI hai| vizAla prAcIra ke dakSiNa-pazcima meM 'varAha-mandira' aura dakSiNa meM betavA ke kinAre nAhara-ghATI aura rAjaghATI haiN| nAma devagar3ha meM, itihAsa ke adhyayana ke mahattvapUrNa sAdhana lagabhaga 100 abhilekha haiN| inameM se adhikAMza meM tithiyA~ aMkita haiN| inameM zilpa-sAdhanA, prazastiyA~ aura smArakoM ke nirmANa kI sUcanAe~ to haiM hI, unase nAgarI lipi ke kramika vikAsa kA jJAna bhI hotA hai|' inase devagar3ha ke vibhinna nAmoM kI sUcanA bhI milatI 1. luacchagiri isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma 'luacchagiri' thaa| isa nAma kA ullekha vikrama saMvat 919 (862 I.) ke gurjara-pratihAra bhojadeva ke zAsanakAlIna zilAlekha meM hai|' usa samaya yaha sthAna usake zAsana meM thaa| spaSTa hai ki 10vIM zatI IsavI taka isa sthAna kI prasiddhi 'luacchagiri' nAma se thii| 2. kIrtigiri gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM candela zAsaka kIrtivarmA ke mantrI vatsarAja ne isa sthAna para eka navIna durga kA nirmANa karAyA tathA zatrukula kA dalana karanevAle 1. dayArAma sAhanI : enuala progresa riporTa oNva da supariNTeNDeNTa hindU eNDa buddhisTa mAnumeNTsa, nArdarna sarkila, 1918, bhAga 2 (lAhaura, 1918 I.), pR. 10 / 2. de.-mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahA-maNDapa ke sAmane avasthita ardhamaNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrva ke stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha......mahArAjAdhirAjaparamezvarazrIbhojadevamahI pravarddhamAna-kalyANavijaya rAjye tatpradattapaMcamahAzabdamahAsAmantazrIviSNurAmapacindarAjyamadhye luacchagiri zrI zAntyAyata(na)(sa)nidhe kamaladevAcAryaziSyeNa zrIdevena kArArpitaM idaM stmbhm| saMvat 919 asvayujazuklapakSacaturdazyAm bRhaspati dinena uttarAbhAdrapadAnakSatre, idaM stambha samAptamiti va.....a gogokena zuka-bhAtena idaM stambha jaTitamiti / zaka kAlAbda sapta satyAni caturasItyadhikAni 781 / / 3. (a) de.-dI eja oNpha impIriyala kannauja, (bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, jilda 4), (bambaI, 1951 I.), pR. 83 / (va) DaoN. Ara. esa. tripAThI : hisTrI oNpha kanIja (dillI, 1950 I ), pa. 238 28 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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apane yazasvI ora pratApI svAmI' ke nAma para isa sthAna kA nAma 'kIrtigiri' rkhaa|' isI se isa sthAna kA nAma 'kIrtigiri' pracalita huaa| 3 devagar3ha ____ ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa sthAna kA nAma 'devagar3ha' bArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta yA terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM kisI samaya rakhA gyaa| zrI pUrNacandra mukharjI ne 'devagar3ha' nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki "isa sthAna para san 850 se 969 taka devavaMza kA zAsana rahA, aura isI vaMza ke nAma para yaha sthAna 'devagar3ha' khlaayaa|" kintu zrI mukharjI kA uparyukta mata itihAsa-sammata nahIM hai| yaha sarvavidita tathya hai ki zrI mukharjI dvArA nirdiSTa samaya (850-969 I.) meM devagar3ha gurjara !, kIrtivarmA kI pratApI vRtti kA vivaraNa usake samakAlIna kavi zrIkRSNa mizra ke anusAra : nItAH kSaya kSitibhujo nRpatervipakSA, rakSAvatI kSitirabhUt prathitairamAtyaiH / sAmrAjyamasya vihitaM kSitipAlamauli-mAlAcita bhavi payonidhi-mekhalAyAma / / __ --zrIkRSNamitha, pravodhacandrodaya nATaka (vArANasI, 1955), pR. 6 / ". de. --devagar3ha durga ke dakSiNa-pazcima meM rAjaghATI ke kinAre kIrtivarmA ke mantrI vatsarAja dvArA saMvat 115 / (IsavI 1097) meM kAvyamaya saMskRta kI 8 paMktiyoM meM utkIrNa abhilekha1. namaH shivaay| cAndallavaMzakamudendu vizAlakIrtiH khyAto vabhUva nRpasaMghanatAMghripadmaH / ). vidyAdharo narapatiH kamalA-nivAso, jAtastato vijayapAlanRpo nRpendraH / / (1) tasmAd dharma para zrImA.. . ...na kIAMtavAmma nRpo bhavat / yasva kIrtisudhAzubhre trailokyaM saudhatAmagAt / / (2) agadaM nUtana vimAvirbhUtamavApya / rAm / (nRpAbdhitarasamAkA zrAramzayamamArjayat) (3) rAjoDumadhyagatacandranibhasya yasya nUnaM yudhiSThirasadAzivarAma ca...... 5. ...ndraH / ete prasannaguNaratnanidhA niviSTA, yattadguNaprakararatnamaye zarIre / (4) tadIyAmAtya-mantrIndro ramaNIpUrvanirga6. taH / vatsarAjeti vikhyAtaH zrImAn mhiidhraatmjH|| (5) khyAto babhUva kila mantripadaikamantre / vAcaspatista7. ...nimantraguNerubhAsyAm yAjyaM samastamapi maNDalamAzu zatrorAcchidya kIrtigiri-durgamidaM vydhtt| (6) 6. zrIvatsarAjaghATo'yaM nUnaM tanAva kArita / brahmANDamujjvalaM kIrtimArohavitumAtmanaH // saMvat 115 / caitradi ) budhau| 3. pATa Ana dI papikviTIja na dI DisTrika oNva lalitapura, bhAga eka, DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina dhAra' vizeSAMka (1956), pR. 12 sa udhRta / pRSTabhUmi :: 29

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pratihAravaMzI rAjAoM ke adhIna thaa|' isI vaMza ke zAsaka zrIbhojadeva ke samaya ke eka abhilekha meM isa sthAna kA ullekha 'luacchagiri' nAma se huA hai|' sambhAvanAe~ sambhAvanA kI jAtI hai ki guptavaMzIya zAsakoM ke uparAnta aura gurjara-pratihAra zAsakoM ke pUrva jisa vaMza kA zAsana aura adhikAra isa nagara para rahA ho tathA jisane parvata para devAyatana banavAye hoM, usakA apanA vaMza 'devavaMza' ho| isa zAsaka ne apane vaMza kI prasiddhi hetu isa sthAna ko 'devagar3ha' nAma se prasiddha kiyA ho| dUsarI sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ki vikrama saMvat 918 (862 I.) ke abhilekha meM usa stambha ke pratiSThApaka AcArya kamaladeva ke ziSya zrIdeva haiN| kadAcit vaha deva-vaMza ke hoNge| unakA vyaktitva prabhAvazAlI thA aura unhoMne isa sthAna para bhaTTAraka-gaddI kI sthApanA kI thii| ataH yaha sambhAvanA svAbhAvika hai ki AcArya zrIdeva ke svayaM ke nAma ke kAraNa athavA unake saMgha ke nAma ke kAraNa unake bhaktoM aura anuyAyiyoM ne isa sthAna ko 'devagar3ha' nAma se prasiddha kiyA ho| 'deva' zabda devatA kA vAcI hai| 'gar3ha' kA artha durga hotA hai / " yahA~ durga ke andara devamUrtiyoM kI pracuratA hone ke kAraNa kadAcit isa sthAna kA nAma 'devagar3ha' par3A ho| 1. dI eja oNpha impIriyala kanauja (bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, jilda 1), (vambaI, 1961 I.), pR. 831 2. de.-mandira saMkhyA 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha, tathA pR. 33, 354-55 para vistRta vivecn| 3. de.-mandira saMkhyA 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha / pari. lo, abhi. kra. ek| 4. RSiyoM ke nAmoM para nagaroM ke nAmakaraNa kI prathA prAcInakAla se abataka pracalita hai; prAcInakAla meM RSi jAbAli ke nAma para jAbAlipura (jabalapura) aura Adhunika kAla meM AcArya zAnti sAgara evaM AcArya vIra sAgara ke saMyukta nAma para zAntivIra nagara, zrImahAvIrajI, raajsthaan| 5. (a) amarasiMha : amarakopa (vArANasI. 1957). kANDa 1. varga / padya 7-10 / (va) dhanaM nAmamAlA, amarakIrti viracita bhASyopetA, paM. zambhunAtha tripAThI sampAdita (kAzI, 1950 I.), zlo. 56 / (sa) saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha : caturvedI dvArakAprasAda zamAM tathA tAriNIza jhA sampAdita (ilAhAvAda, 1957 I.). pa. 530 / (da) nAlandA vizAla zabdasAgara : navalajI sampAdita (dehalI, vikramAbda 2007), pR. 613 / 6. (a) amarasiMha : amarakopa, 2-8.17 / (va) dhanaMjaya : nAmamAlA, zlo. 1: / (sa) saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha, pR. 523 / (da) nAlandA vizAla zabdasAgara, pR. 305 / 30 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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kiMvadantiyA~ 'devagar3ha' nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM isa prAnta meM pracalita kiMvadantiyA~ bhI vicAraNIya haiN| eka bahupracalita kiMvadantI nimna prakAra hai : prAcIna kAla meM isa nagara meM devapata aura khevapata nAma ke do bhAI nivAsa karate the| saubhAgya se unheM 'pArasa-patthara' upalabdha thaa| isake kAraNa ve atyanta vaibhava-sampanna ho gaye the| apanI apAra dhana-rAzi kA upayoga ina donoM ne yahA~ bhavya jaina-devAlaya banavAne, nagara evaM durga ke saundarya ko bar3hAne meM kiyaa| tatkAlIna rAjA ina bhAiyoM se ukta pArasa-patthara prApta karanA cAhatA thA, kintu devapata ne usake hAtha meM jAne ke pUrva hI yaha 'pArasa-patthara' betavA nadI ke athAha jala meM pravAhita kara diyaa| paramparA se devagar3ha ke sambandha meM yaha kiMvadantI pracalita hai ki isa sthAna ke nirmAtA ukta 'devapata' ke kAraNa hI yaha sthAna 'devagar3ha' kahalAtA hai| eka dUsarI kiMvadantI ke anusAra isa sthAna kI racanA devoM dvArA kI gayI hai tathA unakI sUkSma-kalA kI smRti ke rUpa meM ise 'devagar3ha' kahA jAtA hai| isa sandarbha meM hama mathurA ke utkhanana meM prApta IsA kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke abhilekha se tulanA karanA caaheNge| mathurA ke ukta abhilekha meM vahA~ ke jaina stUpa ko 'deva-nirmita' kahA gayA hai| kadAcit kalA kI atyanta bhavyatA aura sUkSmatA ke kAraNa usa stUpa ko 'deva-nirmita' kahA gayA ho| devagar3ha ke sambandha meM pracalita isa kiMvadantI kA AdhAra bhI kalA kI bhavyatA, sUkSmatA aura pracuratA pratIta hotI hai| zodhakartA kA mata yadyapi yaha sthAna kisI tIrthaMkara kI kalyANaka-bhUmi athavA kisI zalAkA-purupa se sambaddha nahIM hai tathApi yahA~ aneka sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ne ghora tapazcaraNa karake 1. (a) jinaprabhasUri : vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 17 aura 85 / (ba) vI. smitha : jaina stUpa eNDa adara paNTikviTIz2a phrAma mathurA (ilAhAbAda, 1901 I.), smpuurnn| (sa) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : mathurA kA devanirmita vauddhastUpa : zrI mahAvIra smRti grantha, khaNDa 1 (1948-49 I.), pR. 188-011 (da) nIlakaNTha purupottama jozI : mathurA kI mUrtikalA (mathurA, 1965 I.), pR. / tathA 183-87 ! (i) DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna (bhopAla, 1962 I.), pR. 303 / (iM.) DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla : mathurApurIkalpa, candAbAI abhinandana grantha (ArA, 1951 I.), pR. 397-4021 (u) pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainatIrtho kA yogadAna (alIgaMja, 1961 I.), pR. 16 tathA 181 9. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : kaMkAlI TIlA (mathurA) kI jaina kalA kA anuzIlana, guru gopAladAsa vareyA smRti grantha (sAgara, 1967 I.), pR. 608 | pRSThabhUmi :: 31

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Atma-sAkSAtkAra kiyA, jisake pramANa haiM unakI aneka samAdhiyA~, mUrtiyA~, caraNapAdukAe~ aura abhilekha tathA ve mandira jinheM unake AkAra-prakAra ke kAraNa sAdhuoM kA nivAsa mAnA jAnA cAhie (dekhie citra saMkhyA 2, 10, 12-14, 29) / isIlie merA vizvAsa hai ki yahA~ upalabdha sahasroM deva-pratimAoM aura devAyatanoM ke kAraNa hI yaha sthAna 'devagar3ha' nAma se vikhyAta huA hai| itihAsa 1. prAgitihAsa kAla se mauryayuga taka yahA~ prAgitihAsa-kAla ke upakaraNa to mile hI haiM, tatkAlIna' Adima mAnava dvArA banAye gaye citra bhI vidyamAna haiN| yaha 'cedi' janapada ke dazArNa nAmaka bhAga ke antargata AtA thaa| cedirAja zizupAla yahA~ kA zAsaka thaa|' nipadharAja nala kI paTTarAjJI damayantI kA naihara bhI yahIM batAyA jAtA hai| I. pU. 7vIM zatI meM jaba magadha-sAmrAjya kI nIMva par3I, taba devagar3ha cedi janapada meM hI thaa| nanda vaMza ke adhikAra meM prAyaH sampUrNa uttara bhArata thaa| isa samaya taka devagar3ha kA na to rAjanItika mahattva thA aura na saaNskRtik| yahA~ maurya zAsana ke 1. merI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi paM. ke. bhujavalI zAstrI ke vicAroM se bhI hotI hai| de....jena siddhAnta bhAskara : kiraNa 2, bhAga 8 (ArA, 1911 I.), pR. 67 aura Age prakAzita 'merI davagar3ha yAtrA' nibndh| 2. drapTavya --pRSTa / kI TippaNI saMkhyA / / 3. de.-pRSTha 2 kI TippaNI saMkhyA 1 / 4. (a) DaoN. rAjavalI pANDeya : prAcIna bhArata (vArANasI, 1:162 I.). pR. 10 tathA 78 ! (va) DA. vimalacandra pANDeya : prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa (ilAhAvAda. 106) I.), pR. 246 / (sa) gorelAla tivArI : bundelakhaNDa kA saMkSipta itihAsa (ilAhAbAda, saMvat 1990), pR. 4 / (da) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra, DaoN. eca. sI. rAyacaudharI Adi : ena eDavAMsDa hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA (landana, 1960 I.), pR. 561 5. (a) mahAkavi mAgha : zizupAlavadha mahAkAvya, sarga do, pR. 15-17 / (va) DaoN. vimalacandra pANDeya . vahI, pR. 266 1 (sa) DaoN. rAjavalI pANDeya, vhii| (da) gorelAla tivArI : varga, pR. 1, aura 31 / 6. (a) DaoN. rAjavalI pANDeya : vahI, pR. 110 1 (ba) DaoN. vimalacandra pANDeya : vahI, pR. 353 / (sa) DaoN. Ara. sI majUmadAra, DaoN. rAyacaudharI Adi : vahI, pR 63 / (da) DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI : prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa (dillI, 1955 I.), pR. 85 / (i) ga. jyotiprasAda jena : 'bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi (kAzI, 1961 I.), pR. 72 / 32 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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astitva' meM koI sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki isake samIpa gujarrA (jilA datiyA) nAmaka sthAna para azoka kA eka abhilekha prApta huA hai| aura yahA~ eka zilAlekha bhI prApta huA hai, jisakI zailI aura lipi' azoka ke zilA-prajJApanoM se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai| 2. zuMga-sAtavAhana kAla mauryoM ke patana ke bAda zuMgoM ke zAsana kAla meM uttara bhArata kA adhikAMza puSyamitra tathA usake vaMzajoM ke adhikAra meM rhaa| phira kuSANoM kA adhikAra uttara bhArata para huaa| unhoMne apanA kendra mathurA ko banAyA, jo devagar3ha se lagabhaga 150 mIla uttara meM hai| usa samaya ina donoM sthAnoM kA vyApArika aura rAjanItika sambandha bhI prArambha ho gayA thA jo, dUsarI-tIsarI zatI I. meM, isa kSetra ke nAgoM ke adhikAra meM A jAne para kAphI bar3ha gyaa| isa samaya vidizA se mathurA jAnevAle rAjamArga para devagar3ha ko mahattvapUrNa vizrAmasthAna mAnA jAtA thaa| vidizA se eka dUsarA mArga devagar3ha hotA huA kAzI kI ora jAtA thaa| 1. (a) DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya : vahI, pR. 134 / (ba) DaoN. vimalacandra pANDeya : vahI, pR. 411 / (sa) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra Adi : vahI, pR. 102-104 / (da) gorelAla tivArI : vahI, pR. 10-11 / ". (a) DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI : prAcIna bhArata (dillI, 1964 I.), pR. 62 / (va) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : ma. pra. kA aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika anuzIlana : sAgara vizvavidyAlaya purAtattva-patrikA (1967 I.), pR. 80 / 3. dayArAma sAhanI : e. pro. ri., 1917-18, pR. 10 / 1. (ka) DaoN. rAjavalI pANDeya : vahI, pR. 179-73 aura 185 / (kha) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra Adi : vahI, pR. 11.1 / (ga) gorelAla tivArI : vahI, pR. 1 / / 5. (ka) DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 209 tathA 220 / (kha) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. : vahI, pR. 86 / (ga) DaoN. ra. zaM. tripAThI : vahI, pR. 173 / (ca) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra Adi : vahI, pR. 121-22 / (Ga) go. lA. tivArI : vahI, pR. 171 6. (ka) DaoN. rA. ba. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 210-11 tathA 214 / (kha) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. : vahI, pR. 85-87 / (ga) DaoN. ra. zaM. tripAThI, vahI, pR. 178-79 1 (gha) DaoN. ramezacandra majUmadAra Adi : bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa, prathama bhAga (prAcIna bhArata), (kalakattA, 1964 I.), pR. 231 / 7. (ka) DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 221 / (kha) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra Adi : eDa. hi. I., pR. 122 / 8. paM. mAdhavasvarUpa vatsa : membAyarsa oNpha da e. esa. Ai. saMkhyA 70 (da guptA Tempala eTa devagar3ha), pR. 11 pRSThabhUmi :: 33

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nAgoM ke pramukha 4 rAjanItika kendra vidizA, kAntipurI, padmAvatI ora mathurA the| kAntipurI devagar3ha ke sabase adhika nikaTa hai / ataH sambhava hai ki devagar3ha vahIM ke zAsakoM ke adhikAra meM rahA ho / sAtavAhana sAmrAjya ke antargata cedi janapada kA kucha bhAga thA / 2 3 guptayuga guptavaMza kA adhikAra prAyaH Adi se anta taka devagar3ha para rhaa| samudragupta se skandagupta taka ke sabhI samrAToM kA dhyAna pATaliputra para kama rhaa| kyoMki vaha rAjanItika rUpa se surakSita thA, aura mAlavA para adhika rahA kyoMki ve use pAra karake samudrI kinAroM para apanA vyApArika vistAra karanA cAhate the / " isIlie unhoMne isa pradeza ke ATavika rAjAoM ko apanA sAmanta banAyA, jinameM cedi, dazArNa ke zAsaka bhI the / samudragupta kI prayAga prazasti meM jina nAga rAjAoM ke nAma Aye haiM, unameM nAgasena aura gaNapati nAga ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM, jinheM samudragupta ne balapUrvaka apane adhIna kara liyA thaa|" samudragupta ne cedi ke pUrvI bhAga kI bhA~ti pazcimI bhAga meM 1. (ka) DaoN. rA. ba. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 221 / (kha) DaoN ra. zaM. tripAThI vahI, pR. 179 (ga) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. vahI, pR. 93 / : 2. (ka) DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 184-85 ( kha ) DaoN ra. zaM. tripAThI vahI, pR. 118-191 (ga) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra Adi eDa. hi. iM., pR. 1141 3. (ka) DaoN. rA. ba. pANDeya vahI, pR. 2381 ( kha ) DaoN. majUmadAra Adi eDa. hi. iM., pR. 147-151 / (ga) go. lA. tivArI : vahI, pR. 19-201 4. DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 225 / 5. (a) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. vahI, pR. 97, 99 aura 104 1 (va) DaoN. ramezacandra majUmadAra Adi mA. vR. i., pR. 159, 161 | 6. (a) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. vahI, pR. 97, 104, 1121 ( ba ) DaoN. ra. ca. majUmadAra Adi bhA. vR. i., pR. 159 1 7. (a) DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 225-261 (va) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. vahI, pR. 96 / (sa) DaoN. ra. ca. majUmadAra Adi : bhA. bR. i., pR. 158 / 8. prayAga prazasti ke lie de. - je. epha. phlITa : kArpasa iMsikrapsanam iNDikeram, jilda tIna, gupta abhilekha saMkhyA eka- 171 9. (a) DaoN. rA. ba. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 225 / (ca) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. vahI, pR. 96 / (sa) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra AdiH eDa. hi. iM., pR. 1461 (Da) DaoN. ra. ca majUmadAra Adi bhA. vR. i., pR. 1571 (i) go. lA. tivArI vahI, pR. 14 / 34 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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bhI apane sAmanta vanAye the|' yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha meM gupta-kAlIna brAhmI' kA svarUpa pAyA jAtA hai| isa kAla meM yahA~ aneka mandiroM aura saikar3oM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa bhI huaa| 4. vardhana sAmrAjya se AyudhavaMza taka guptakAla ke pazcAt lagabhaga 100 varSa taka yahA~ kadAcit guptoM ke kisI sthAnIya rAjavaMza kA zAsana rhaa| vardhana samrATa harSa ke sAmrAjya meM cedi kA eka bar3A bhAga zAmila thaa|' usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt yazovarmA ne isa pradeza para apanA adhikAra jamA liyA thaa|" ___880 I. ke AsapAsa kAzmIra ke muktApIDa lalitAditya ne yazovarmA ko parAjita karake isa pradeza para apanA zAsana sthApita kara liyaa| parantu zIghra hI usakA zAsana yahA~ se samApta ho gayA aura kadAcit Ayudha-vaMza ne apanI sattA vahA~ sthApita kI, para vaha bhI adhika samaya taka sthira na raha skii| 5. gurjara-pratihAra zAsana yahA~ vikrama saMvat 91) kA eka abhilekha prApta huA hai, jisake anusAra 1. inake vistRta vivaraNa ke lie de.--(a) DA. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 226 / (ba) DaoN. ra. zaM. __tripAThI : vahI, pR.183-86 / 2. e. kaniMghama : e. esa. Ai., jilda 10, pR. 102 / 3. yahA~ isa kAla meM nirmita mandiroM tathA mUrtiyoM kA paricaya isa prabandha ke adhyAya 3 aura 4 meN| 1. (a) DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 271, 273 / (va) DaoN. ra. zaM. tripAThI : vahI, pR. 225 / (sa) DaoN. rA. ku. mu. : vahI, pR. 122 / (da) DaoN. majUmadAra Adi : bhA. bR. i., pR. 168, 171-72 | (i) go. lA. tivArI : vahI, pR. 25-26 / 5. (a) DaoN. rA. ca. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 296 / (va) DaoN. ra. zaM. tripAThI, vahI, pR. 237 tathA 258 1 (sa) DaoN. Ara. esa. tripAThI : hisTrI oNpha kanauja (dillI, 1959 I.), pR. 204-205 / (da) DaoN. majUmadAra Adi : bhA. vR. i., pR. 1761 6. (a) DA. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 296 / (ba) DaoN. Ara. esa. tripAThI : hi. ka., pR. 237 / (sa) DaoN. majUmadAra Adi : bhA. vR. i., pR. 1761 (da) DaoN. majUmadAra Adi : eDa. hi. iM., pR. 163 / (i) DA. rA. ku. mukarjI : vahI, pR. 129 | 7. DaoN. rA. ku. mukarjI : vahI, pR. 1301 8. (a) DaoN. rA. va. pANDeya : vahI, pR. 297 98 / (va) DaoN. ra. zaM. tripAThI : prA. bhA. i., pR. 240-41 / (sa) DaoN. Ara. esa. tripAThI : hi. ka., pR. 237 / (da) DaoN. Ara. sI. majUmadAra, DaoN. rAyacaudharI pRSThabhUmi :: 35

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yahA~ bhojadeva ke mahAsAmanta viSNudeva pacinda kA zAsana thaa| zrI kaniMghama ke anusAra yaha bhojadeva vahI hai, jisakA ullekha gvAliyara aura pehovA (jilA karanAla, paMjAba) ke abhilekhoM tathA rAjataraMgiNI' meM milatA hai| unake anusAra varahI ke tAmrapatra meM abhilikhita vaMzAvalI vAlA bhojadeva bhI yahI hai, jisakA zAsana samUce uttara-bhArata para vistRta thaa|' dhIre-dhIre khajurAho ke candele, gvAliyara ke kacchapaghAta, dhArA ke paramAra, madhyabhArata ke kalacuri aura gujarAta ke solaMkI Adi svatantra ho gaye, aura gurjara-pratihAroM kA sAmrAjya chinna-bhinna ho gyaa|' 6. candela zAsana devagar3ha para candeloM kA zAsana dIrghakAla taka rhaa| yahA~ usa samaya mUrtiyoM, stambhoM tathA kucha mandiroM ke nirmANa ke rUpa meM dhArmika pravRttiyA~ hI tIvratara nahIM huIM balki giri-durga ke nirmANa ke rUpa meM rAjanItika gatividhi bhI tIvra ho utthii| yahA~ kIrtivarman kA eka zilAlekha bhI prApta huA hai| 7. mugala, marAThA aura a~garejI zAsana isake pazcAt devagar3ha ke itihAsa ko jAnane ke sAdhana nagaNya haiN| idhara saMvat Adi : eDa. hi. iM., pR. 169 / (i) DaoN. majUmadAra Adi : bhA. vR. i., pR. 18. / (I) go. lA. tivArI : bu. i., pR. 33 aura 49 / 1. maM.saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa meM dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkiirnn| abhilekha pATha ke lie de.-pariziSTa do, abhilekha kramAMka eka tathA epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 4, pR. 309 evaM bhAga 5, pR. / / 2. de.-e. esa. Ai., jilda 10, pR. 101 / (a) gvAliyara abhilekha (saM. 933) ke lie de --- epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 18, pR. 99-11+ / (va) enuala riporTa, e. esa. Ai., 1903-4 I., pR. 277-851 3. pehovA abhilekha (882 I.) ke lie de.-epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga eka, pR. 181-90 / 4. isakI racanA mahAkavi kalhaNa ne 12vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM kii| isake vistRta paricaya ke lie de. __--DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa (ilAhAvAda, 2018 vi.), pR. 86-881 5. varaha ke tAmrapatra (baraha kApara pleTa) ke lie de.- epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 1), pR. 15-19 | 6. e. kaniMghama : e. esa. Ai., jilda 10, pR. 102 / 7. vistAra ke lie de.--DaoN. rA. ba. pANDeya : prA. bhA., pR. 305-31: / 8. yahA~ kI rAjaghATI meM utkIrNa / abhilekha pATa ke lie de. pariziSTa do, abhilekha kramAMka do| 9. yaha abhilekha epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, bhAga 5, pR. 76 evaM kaniMghama ke e.esa.Ara., jilda 18. pR. 237-39 para prakAzita hai| 36 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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1181-(1.12.1 I.) kA eka abhilekha prApta huA hai, jisameM mANDU (mAlavA) ke sultAna hozaMga gaurI (1405-32 I.) kA ullekha hai| devagar3ha para candeloM ke kucha samaya pazcAt kramazaH mugaloM, marAThoM aura a~garejoM kA adhikAra rhaa| 8. vartamAna rUpa devagar3ha aba jisa rUpa meM hai, usakA zreya mukhyataH tIna vyaktiyoM ko hai| pahale sva. zrI paramAnanda barayA haiM, jo karIba 40 varSoM se apanA tana, mana aura dhana arpita karake isa kSetra kI surakSA aura suvyavasthA karate rhe| dUsare zrI rAmadayAla pujArI haiM, jo Aja bhI kSetra kI sucAru vyavasthA meM dattacitta haiN| tIsare zrI zikharacandra siMghaI haiM, jinake mantritva kAla meM yaha kSetra anavarata pragati karatA rhaa| I. maM. saM. 5 (sahasrakUTa jinAlaya) ke bhItara pUrvI dvAra ke Upara jar3A huaa| pRSThabhUmi :: 37

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2 smAraka prAstAvika prastuta adhyAya meM devagar3ha ke sabhI smArakoM kA, jinameM mandira, laghu-mandira aura mAnastambha bhI sammilita haiM, sUkSma sarvekSaNa diyA gayA hai| smArakoM kI paimAiza ke antargata unake prAyaH sabhI aMgoM aura upAMgoM kI lambAI, caur3AI, UMcAI Adi kI paimAiza bhI kI gayI hai ataH sampUrNa smAraka kA mAnacitra dRSTi meM ubhara AtA hai| jina smArakoM kI vinyAsa-rekhA meM aneka koNa Adi kI pecIdagI hai, unakA mAnacitra bhI prastuta kara diyA gayA hai| jo smAraka dhvasta ho cale haiM unakI maulikatA kA anumAna bikhare hue avazeSoM, zrI kaniMghama Adi ke vivaraNoM, citroM aura zailIgata vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| paimAiza ke pazcAt smAraka ke uddezya, vinyAsa-rekhA, dizA, sthiti, vibhAga aura maNDapa Adi mukhya aMgoM tathA stambha Adi upAMgoM kA vistRta sarvekSaNa kiyA hai| unakI vizeSatAoM, kalAgata guNAvaguNoM aura zAstrIya vidhAnoM Adi kI carcA Age ke adhyAyoM meM kI gayI hai| sarvaprathama mandiroM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA hai| unake kramAMka, suvidhA kI dRSTi se vahI svIkAra kiye gaye haiM jo zrI sAhanI dvArA, unake sthitikrama se nirdhArita kiye gaye the aura jo kAlAntara meM zilAoM para utkIrNa karAye jAkara mandiroM se saMlagna kara diye gaye haiN| mandiroM ke pazcAt laghumandiroM kA aura unake pazcAt mAnastambhoM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA hai| inake kramAMka sarvaprathama nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| nirdhAraNa kA AdhAra unakA sthitikrama hI hai| ___ mandiroM aura laghu-mandiroM meM sthAyI tathA asthAyI rUpa se sthita mUrtiyoM Adi kI saMkhyA dI gayI hai| jainetara smArakoM kA paricaya mAtra diyA gayA hai, unakA sthApatya evaM kalAgata vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 38 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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(a) dIrghAkAra mandira mandira saMkhyA 1 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pUrva-pazcima) 33 phuTa 3 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (uttara-dakSiNa) 31 phuTa 6 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 3 phuTa 10 iMca maNDapa kI lambAI (uttara-dakSiNa) 20 phuTa 1/2 iMca maNDapa kI caur3AI (pUrva-pazcima) 7 phuTa 4 iMca lambAI meM eka stambha se dUsare stambha kA antara 5 phuTa 1 iMca caur3AI meM eka stambha se dUsare stambha kA antara 5 phuTa 6 iMca stambha kI kurasI samacatuSkoNa / phuTa 11 iM. maNDapa kI U~cAI (adhiSThAna se) 9 phuTa 3 iMca vivaraNa isa pUrvAbhimukha mandira' kA ullekha zrI kaniMghama aura zrI sAhanI ne mandira saMkhyA do ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| unhoMne mandira saMkhyA eka ke rUpa meM kisI mandira kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, yaha eka samasyA hai| vartamAna mandira saMkhyA eka ke dakSiNa meM 9 phuTa kI dUrI para lagabhaga 35 phuTa 6 iMca x 40 phuTa kA eka adhiSThAna' rahA pratIta hotA hai, jo zrI kaniMghama ke samaya acchI hAlata meM rahA hogaa| ise unhoMne mAnA to mandira saMkhyA eka hogA parantu kucha vizeSa na hone se usakA ullekha na kiyA hogaa| isa bhagna adhiSThAna ke Upara do stambha aura eka tathAkathita mAnastambha sthita haiM, parantu ye sabhI spaSTa hI bAda meM sthApita kiye gaye haiN| yaha pUrvAbhimukha mandira jo kabhI 20 stambhoM para AdhArita rahA hogA aba cAra-cAra stambhoM kI do paMktiyoM para (citra saM. eka) AdhArita hai| stambhoM para eka 1. de.-citra saMkhyA ek| 2. eka kaniMghama : AyolAjikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA riporTsa (kalakattA, 1880), ji. 10, pR. 1041 3. dayArAma sAhanI : enuala progresa riporTa Apha dI supariNTeNDeNTa, hindU eNDa buddhisTa mAnumeNTsa, nArdarna sakila (lAhora, 1918), pR. 9 / 1. de.-rekhAcitra saMkhyA 371 5. e. kaniyama : A. sa. i. ri., jilda 1(), pR. 104 / smAraka:: 39

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sAdA maNDapa hai, jisakA punarnirmANa, zrI paramAnanda varayA ke anusAra aura jaisA ki sthiti ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai, do-tIna dazAbdiyoM pUrva huA thA / madhya ke cAra stambha isa mandira ke maulika aMza kahe jA sakate haiM, jabaki zeSa cAra yA to kisI anya mandira ke haiM yA isI mandira ke kisI anya sthAna ke / stambhoM kI prathama paMkti ke madhya bhAratIya purAtattva vibhAga dvArA isI tathA anya mandiroM kI mUrtiyA~ avyavasthita rUpa meM jar3a dI gayI haiM, jinameM se aneka ullekhanIya haiM 1 mandira saMkhyA 2 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pUrva-pazcima ) 24 phuTa 7 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (uttara - dakSiNa ) 23 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI - samatala maNDapa kI caur3AI 7 phuTa adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 8 phuTa gumaTI kA adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 8 phuTa 4 iMca adhiSThAna se gumaTI ke AdhAra kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 10 iMca gumaTI kI ( usake AdhAra se ) U~cAI 7 phuTa 6 iMca gumaTI kI paridhi 17 phuTa vivaraNa zrI kaniMghama ne isa mandira kA ullekha nahIM kiyA. kadAcit jaMgala se AcchAdita hone se unakI dRSTi isakI ora nahIM gyii| sAdI banAvaTa aura garbhagRha Adi ke abhAva se hama ise gupta yuga kA mAna sakate haiN| yaha cAra-cAra stambhoM kI cAra paMktiyoM para AdhArita thA parantu pUrva ke cAroM stambha Aja adRzya haiM, jinameM se do kI caukI Aja bhI vidyamAna hai 1 ina cAroM stambhoM para maNDapa rahA hogA, jisakI sAmagrI kA upayoga mandira saMkhyA tIna ke pUrvI bhAga meM kara liyA gayA hai| bAharI stambhoM kA antara zilAkhaNDoM dvArA banda hai, ataH mandira ke madhya meM kevala do stambha hI raha gaye haiM, zeSa 10 dIvAra kA aMga bana gaye haiM / isa pUrvAbhimukha mandira ke pazcima meM bhI eka dvAra hai, jise eka patthara kI jAlI se banda kara diyA gayA hai| isa dvAra kI upayogitA Aja kucha bhI nahIM dIkhatI 1. de. - citra saMkhyA do / 40) :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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parantu anumAna hai ki mandira se lagA huA isakA koI maNDapa aura rahA hogA, jisake avazeSa Aja bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| mandira meM sthAyI rUpa se mUrtiyoM ko sthApita karane ke lie koI vedI nahIM hai, isa kAraNa tathA pUrva aura pazcima kI ora ke do barAmadoM yA maNDapoM kI sambhAvanA se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha bhavana prArambha meM mandira ke rUpa meM nahIM, balki sAdhuoM yA bhaTTArakoM Adi ke nivAsa ke rUpa meM upayoga meM lAyA jAtA hogaa| isa samaya isameM jo mUrtiyA~ sthApita haiM, unakI saMkhyA 10 hai| mandira saMkhyA 3 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pUrva-pazcima) 40 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (uttara-dakSiNa) 37 phuTa 9 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI / phuTa 6 iMca maNDapa kI caur3AI 7 phuTa 4 iMca maNDapa ke Age ke khule cabUtare kI caur3AI 5 phuTa 1 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 2 iMca isa mandira kI pazcimI dIvAra meM dakSiNa meM 2 phuTa 9 iMca kI dUrI para adhiSThAna se 3 phuTa 8 iMca kI U~cAI para 4 phuTa 4 iMca lambA aura 5 iMca caur3A gavAkSa jIrNoddhAra ke samaya samAviSTa kara diyA gayA hai| dakSiNI dIvAra meM 2 phuTa 2 iMca x 1 phuTa 8 iMca kA eka jAlIdAra gavAkSa adhiSThAna se 4 phuTa 6 iMca kI U~cAI para aura pUrva se 8 phuTa kI dUrI para jIrNoddhAra ke samaya samAviSTa kara diyA gayA hai| vivaraNa yaha uttaramukha mandira ATha-ATha stambhoM (pUrva-pazcima) kI tIna aura sAta stambhoM kI do paMktiyoM para AdhArita hai| prathama (pUrva kI ora kI) aura dvitIya stambha-paMkti para khulA maNDapa aura dvitIya se pA~cavIM taka kI stambhapaMkti para mandira AdhArita hai| bAharI stambhoM ke madhya kA antara 1 phuTa 10 iMca caur3I bhitti se banda hai, jisameM 20 stambha bhittiyoM meM cine hue bhItara kI ora dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa mandira meM pUrva kI ora do dvAra haiN| prathama dvAra dUsarI stambha paMkti (pazcima se pUrva) ke dvitIya aura tRtIya stambha ke madhya aura dvitIya dvAra usI paMkti ke chaThaveM 1. de.-citra saMkhyA tiin| smAraka::41

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aura sAtaveM stambha ke madhya meM avasthita hai| yaha sampUrNa mandira cauthe aura pA~caveM stambha ke madhya (uttara-dakSiNa) 8 iMca caur3I eka bhitti dvArA do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita thA, parantu aba usake pazcAdvartI do stambhoM ke madhya kI bhitti ko tor3akara eka vibhAga se dUsare vibhAga se sambandhita kara diyA gayA hai| pazcAdvartI bhitti se saMyukta 2 phuTa 2 iMca caur3I eka vedI hai| yaha vedI mandira ke pUrvArdha meM 1 phuTa U~cI aura uttarArdha meM 7 iMca U~cI hai| isa vedI ke sAtha pazcAdvartI bhitti aura chata kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA hai| isa mandira ke uttarArdha kI chata sapATa thI jaisI ki vaha Aja bhI hai, parantu pUrvArdha para dUsarI maMjila bhI thii| atyanta dhvasta ho jAne se dUsarI maMjila kI sAmagrI ko sthAnAntarita kara ava chata ko sapATa kara diyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM isa mandira meM maulika aura sthAyI rUpa se samAviSTa koI mUrti nahIM hai| pUrvArdha meM asthAyI rUpa se bhI koI mUrti nahIM hai, jabaki uttarArdha meM 25 zilAphalaka vidyamAna haiM aura una para vibhinna mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| mandira saMkhyA 4 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (uttara-dakSiNa) 28 phuTa 6 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (pUrva-pazcima) 24 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 6 iMca maNDapa kI lambAI (pUrva-pazcima) 7 phuTa 3 iMca maNDapa kI caur3AI (uttara-dakSiNa) 4 phuTa 11 iMca maNDapa ke bAyeM 1 phuTa 6 iMca kA aura dAyeM 2 phuTa 10 iMca kA antara dekara 1 phuTa 9 iMca caur3I aura 2 phuTa 2 iMca U~cI devakulikAe~ haiM, jinameM padmAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| __ pazcimI dIvAra para dakSiNa se 13 phuTa 4 iMca kI dUrI para 3 phITa 1 iMca kI U~cAI para 1 phuTa 9 iMca caur3I aura 3 phuTa 10 iMca U~cI devakulikA meM jIrNoddhAra ke samaya ambikA kI eka sundara mUrti samAviSTa kara dI gayI hai : adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 3 iMca chata se gumaTI ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 10 iMca gumaTI kA adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 6 phuTa gumaTI kI paridhi 17 phuTa gumaTI kI (usake adhiSThAna se) U~cAI 5 phuTa !() iMca gumaTI ke uttara-pUrva ke stambha meM Upara cAroM ora ikaharI devakulikAoM meM 42 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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aura zepa meM duharI (eka ke Upara eka ) devakulikAoM meM padmAsana yA kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkaroM, sAdhuoM aura ambikA kI pratimAe~ aura caraNa aMkita haiN| pazcimottara stambha ke pazcima kI ora eka aspaSTa lekha utkIrNa hai / vivaraNa mandira saMkhyA tIna ke sAmane 18 stambhoM para AdhArita isa dakSiNAbhimukha mandira' kA kama se kama do bAra jIrNoddhAra huA hai, prathama bAra bArahavIM zatI meM, jisakA saMketa praveza dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa meM utkIrNa eka lekha meM milatA hai aura dUsarI bAra lagabhaga 1917-18 meM / 2 Age ko nikale hue do stambha maNDapa kA nirmANa karate haiM, jisake Upara cAra stambhoM para AdhArita eka sAdI gumaTI hai / maNDapa ke bAhara nikale hue donoM stambha asamAna haiM / dAyA~ stambha eka atirikta caukI para sthita hai / isa stambha kI svayaM kI caukI catuSkoNa hai aura usake cAroM ora vibhinna deviyoM kA aMkana hai / isake Upara vaha aSTakoNa ho jAtA hai / konoM ke cAroM pahaluoM para kIrtimukhoM se jhUmatI huI 1 phuTa 3 iMca lambI sA~kaloM se laTaka rahI ghaNTiyA~ utkIrNa haiM | khajurAho ke ghaNTaI mandira ke stambhoM se inakA kAphI sAmya hai / aisA sAmya yahA~ ke aura bhI mandiroM meM dikhAI par3atA hai / isa stambha ke catuSkoNa zIrSa ke cAroM ora tIrthaMkaroM aura upAdhyAyoM kI padmAsana mUrtiyA~ aMkita hai / dAyA~ stambha eka sAdI catuSkoNa caukI para sthita hai usakI svataH kI koI caukI nahIM hai| isake catuSkoNa zIrSa ke cAroM ora upAdhyAya aura tIrthaMkaroM kA vividha AsanoM meM aMkana hai 1 praveza-dvAra kA alaMkaraNa bhavya hai / mandira ke 18 stambhoM meM se do stambha maNDapa ke antargata haiM, 12 ko dIvAra meM cina diyA gayA hai, jinheM bhItara se dekhA jA sakatA hai aura zeSa cAra mandira ke bIcoMbIca sthita haiM / ye cAroM stambha eka atirikta catuSkoNa caukI para sthita haiM / unakI svayaM kI caukI aura zIrSa catuSkoNa aura madhya bhAga aSTakoNa haiN| inakA sAdhAraNa alaMkaraNa inheM dIvAra meM cine hue 12 sAdhAraNa catuSkoNa stambhoM se pRthak karatA hai / dIvAroM meM bhItara kI ora vibhinna mUrtiyA~ jar3I huI haiN| 1. de. - citra saMkhyA cAra / 2. maM. saM. 4 ke dakSiNa-pazcimI kone se eka vizAla vRkSa kA haTAyA jAnA vizeSa rUpa se kaThina kArya thA kyoMki usakI jar3oM ne bhavana ko pahale hI zocanIya hAni pahu~cA dI thI aura AgAmI kucha hI varSoM meM ve use niHsandeha rUpa se dhvasta kara sakatI thIM / ' - dayArAma sAhanI : e. pro. ri, bhAga 2 ( lAhaura, 1918), pR. 91 smAraka :: 43

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mandira saMkhyA 5 (sahasrakUTa caityAlaya) mApa prathama adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 18 phuTa 2 iMca prathama adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 6 iNc| dvitIya adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 11 phuTa 7 iMca dvitIya adhiSThAna kI U~cAI (prathama adhiSThAna se) 2 phuTa 1 iMca prathama adhiSThAna se zikhara ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 12 phuTa 4/iMca zikhara ke adhiSThAna se zikhara kI prathama-mekhalA 4 phuTa 3 iMca zikhara ke adhiSThAna se zikhara kI anumAnita U~cAI 13 phuTa vivaraNa isa mandira' kA nAma 'sahasrakUTa caityAlaya'' pUrNataH sArthaka hai| 'kUTa' kA artha hai parvata-zikhara, eka sahasra caityoM (pratimAoM) kA Alaya (sthAna) jahA~ ho, use 'sahasrakUTa caityAlaya' nAma denA ucita hI hai| vi. saM. 1503 meM bhI ise sahasrakUTa caityAlaya hI kahA jAtA thA jaisA ki isake pUrvI dvAra ke bhItara kI ora Upara jar3e hue eka zilAlekha kI AThavIM paMkti se jJAta hotA hai| zrI kaniMghama ne kisI sthAnIya vyakti ke kahane se ise 'lakhapatalI kA mandira' kahA hai| yoM yaha nAma lAkhoM (adhikatA ke lie rUr3ha) putaliyoM (pratimAoM) kA mandira hone se sArthaka bhI pratIta hotA hai| yaha mandira pUrvAbhimukha hai, jaisA ki isake zikhara kI pahalI mekhalA meM eka puruSa aura eka strI ke aMkana se spaSTa hai| Ajakala isake pUrvI dvAra ko nahIM, pratyuta pazcimI dvAra ko khulA rakhA jAtA hai| donoM dvAroM para atyanta ucca koTi kA alaMkaraNa hai| uttara aura dakSiNa meM dvAra kI AkRti kA kaTAva hai aura usameM eka-eka atyanta sundara kapATa kI banAvaTa meM zilAphalaka saMyojita kiyA gayA hai|" 1. de.-citra saMkhyA, paaNc| 2. sahasrakUTa ke lie de.-citra saMkhyA aatth| 3. kUTa-parvata zRMga, de.-(a) tArAnAtha bhaTTAcArya : vAcaspatyam, tRtIya bhAga (vArAsaNI, 1962), pR. 2162 / (ba) 'kUTo'strI zikharaM zRMgam' / amarasiMha : amarakoSa (kANDa 2, varga 3, zloka 4; vArANasI, 1957), pR. 121 1 (sa) caturvedI; dvArakA prasAda zarmA : saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha, ilAhAbAda, 1957, pR. 343 ! 4. kaniMghama : e. esa. Ai. Ara., jilda 10, pR. 104 / 5. de.-citra saMkhyA, chaha aura saat| 6. de.-citra saMkhyA paaNc| 44 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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isa prakAra kalAkAra ne ina donoM dizAoM meM bhI eka-eka acche-khAse banda daravAje kA AbhAsa utpanna kara diyA hai / apane AdhAra se 4 phuTa 3 iMca U~cI mekhalA paryanta zikhara 90deg ke koNa se Upara uThatA hai aura phira golAkAra hotA huA Amalaka taka jAtA hai tathA lagabhaga eka phuTa ke daNDa meM samApta ho jAtA hai I bhItara kI ora 7 phuTa 2 iMca ke samacatuSkoNa isa mandira meM 4 phuTa kA samacatuSkoNa aura 8 phuTa 10 iMca U~cA eka stambha sthita hai jisapara 1008 tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / mandira saMkhyA 6 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (uttara-dakSiNa) 35 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI ( pUrva - pazcima ) 24 phuTa 5 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 6 iMca mandira kI lambAI (pUrva - pazcima) 13 phuTa 4 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (uttara-dakSiNa) 8 phuTa 7 1/2 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 3 iMca chata se zikhara ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 41/2 iMca chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 6 phuTa zikhara aThapahalU cAra stambhoM para AdhArita maNDapavAle pUrvAbhimukha isa laghu mandira meM eka ke atirikta zeSa pA~ca tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ dIvAra meM cinI huI haiM / isa mandira meM aneka mUrtiyA~ kalAgata vaiziSTya ke kAraNa ullekhanIya haiN| mandira saMkhyA 7 mApa prathama adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 12 phuTa 4 iMca dvitIya adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 8 phuTa 1 1/2 iMca prathama adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 9 iMca dvitIya adhiSThAna kI U~cAI ( prathama adhiSThAna se ) 9 iMca 1. de. - citra saMkhyA nI / smAraka :: 45

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caraNapAdukA kI vedI kI U~cAI 3 iMca caraNapAdukA kA zilApaTTa samacatuSkoNa 2 phuTa 5 iMca isa caraNapAdukA ke zilApaTTa kI dAyIM ora eka 1 phuTa 1 iMca 1 iMca x 7 iMca ke zilApaTTa para 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke caraNa-cihna 12 paMktiyoM meM utkIrNa haiM 1 yaha zilApaTTa sarovara ke nikaTavartI dhvaMsAvazeSoM meM se lAkara yahA~ sthApita kiyA gayA hai : prathama adhiSThAna se zikhara ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 3 iMca zikhara ke adhiSThAna se zikhara kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 9 iMca zikhara kI paridhi 16 phuTa vivaraNa yaha pUrvAbhimukha mandira' cAroM ora se khulA hai aura cAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai| isameM praveza karane ke lie sopAna - mArga pUrva meM na hokara uttara aura dakSiNa meM haiM / isakI chata kA antarbhAga alaMkRta hai, jo vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai I isameM caraNa pAdukAoM ke do zilAphalaka" vidyamAna haiM / mandira saMkhyA 8 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (uttara - dakSiNa ) 21 phuTa 11 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (pUrva-pazcima ) 20 phuTa adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 5 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 6 iMca mandira kI lambAI 17 phuTa 11 iMca aura caur3AI 9 phuTa 1 iMca vivaraNa ATha stambhoM para AdhArita lambAkAra maNDapa aura tIna dvAroM vAlA yaha pUrvAbhimukha mandira kisI bhI lakSaNa se mandira siddha nahIM hotA / anumAna hai ki isameM sAdhu yA koI anya vyakti nivAsa karate hoNge| avazya hI, prathama dvAra (bAyeM) kI 1. de. - citra saMkhyA 101 2. alaMkaraNa ke lie de. - citra saMkhyA 11 / 3. de. - citra saMkhyA 12 | 4. de. - citra saMkhyA 13 | 46 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #49
cokhaTa ke UparI bhAga meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara kI mUrti aMkita hai / parantu isa mandira ke anya dvAroM kI bhAMti isakA bhI yaha hissA kabhI jIrNoddhAra ke sandarbha meM badala gayA hogaa| isameM vartamAna meM 30 zilApaTTa asthAyI rUpa se rakhe hue haiM / jina para vibhinna prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / mandira saMkhyA 9 mApa adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 8 iMca maNDapa kI lambAI (uttara-dakSiNa) 22 phuTa 11 iMca maNDapa kI caur3AI (pUrva-pazcima ) 20 phuTa 2 iMca isake pazcAt AkAra kama hokara yaha mApa raha jAtA hai : garbhagRha kI lamvAI (uttara - dakSiNa ) 19 phuTa 10 iMca garbhagRha kI caur3AI ( pUrva - pazcima ) 8 phuTa vivaraNa isa pUrvAbhimukha mandira ke agrabhAga (pUrva) meM eka cabUtarA hai, jisapara kadAcit pahale atirikta maNDapa rahA hogA, jaisA ki isapara bAyIM ora vidyamAna ardhakhaNDita dIvAra tathA uSNIma rakhane ke zeSa zIrSoM se anumAna hotA hai| isa cabUtare kI lambAI (pUrva-pazcima ) 11 phuTa 9 iMca hai aura adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 3 iMca hai| chata sapATa haiM / mandira kA praveza-dvAra sucArutA se alaMkRta hai| gaMgA-yamunA tathA anya devI-devatAoM kA aMkana bahuta sundaratA se huA hai / isa laghu mandira ke garbhagRha meM 6 iMca U~cI, 1 phuTa 10 iMca caur3I tathA 7 phuTa 8 iMca lambI eka vedI hai, jisapara bAraha zilAphalakoM para utkIrNa vibhinna mUrtiyA~ asthAyI rUpa se vidyamAna haiM / mandira saMkhyA 10 mApa adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 12 phuTa 21/2 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI | phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI UMcAI 8 phuTa 10 iMca zikhara ke adhiSThAna se zikhara kI U~cAI 4 phuTa 8 iMca smAraka : 47

Page #50
vivaraNa yaha mandira' cAra aThapahalU stambhoM para AdhArita sAdhAraNa-se gumaTIdAra maNDapa ke rUpa meM hai / isake pazcimI stambhoM para bhItara kI ora bane donoM khA~coM se anumAna hotA hai ki yaha isa ora se banda rahA hogA / zrI varayAjI ne isakA paryApta jIrNoddhAra karAyA, parantu isake maulika AkAra para pUrNa dhyAna diyA / isake madhya meM (uttara se dakSiNa) eka paMkti meM tIna catuSkoNa stambha sthita haiN| inameM se pratyeka kI gumaTI khaNDita hai / " jIrNoddhAra ke samaya ye asta-vyasta sthiti meM the, unheM ukhAr3akara vyavasthita rUpa se sthApita karate samaya do ke nIce do catuSkoNa tAmrapatra bhI prApta hue the / yadyapi ve jIrNa-zIrNa ho gaye the, parantu una para ke kucha bIjAkSara spaSTa the / kucha se saMvat 1100 kA AbhAsa hotA thA / zrI barayAjI ke anusAra unhoMne ina donoM tAmrapatroM ko jIrNoddhAra ke samaya hI punaH unhIM stambhoM ke nIce sthApita kara diyA / ina tInoM stambhoM ke cAroM ora devakulikAoM meM tIrthaMkara, sAdhu, sAdhvI aura udAsIna zrAvakoM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM aura kaI abhilekha utkIrNa haiM / maMndira saMkhyA 11 mApa mandira kI lambAI (uttara-dakSiNa) 40 phuTa 4 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (pUrva-pazcima ) 30 phuTa adhiSThAna samatala evaM mandirAkAra adhiSThAna se pahale khaNDa kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 1 iMca pahale khaNDa kI chata se dUsare khaNDa kI chata kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 3 iMca Upara kI gumaTI kI U~cAI 3 phuTa 9 iMca Upara kI gumaTI kI paridhi 5 phuTa 1 iMca vivaraNa yaha uttarAbhimukha mandira paMcAyatana zailI kA pUrvarUpa pratIta hotA hai / maNDapa, 1. de - citra saMkhyA 14 | 2. vahI / 3. vahI / 4. de - citra saMkhyA 151 5. de - isa mandira kI vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra kra. 38 / 48 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #51
mahAmaNDapa aura garbhagRha ise nirandhAra prAsAda' siddha karate haiN| isake bahirbhAga para sAdI paMktiyAM haiM 1 yaha ullekhanIya hai ki devagar3ha ke mandiroM meM dumaMjile do apavAdoM meM se yaha dUsarA hai| maM. saM. 3 (pUrvI bhAga) aba ikamaMjilA hI kara diyA gayA hai, parantu yaha apane pUrvarUpa meM hI vidyamAna hai / ATha stambhoM para AdhArita isake lambe maNDapa ko ardhamaNDapa kI apekSA maNDapa hI kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| praveza dvAra sundaratA se alaMkRta hai / mahAmaNDapa meM, bhittiyoM meM cine hue 12 stambhoM ke atirikta cAra madhyavartI stambha haiN| garbhagRha meM tIna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ sthApita haiM, jinameM se eka-dUsare khaNDa se lAkara rakhI gayI haiM / uttara-pUrva ke kone meM dUsare khaNDa ke lie sopAna - mArga hai, jisakA jIrNoddhAra 1938 I. meM jinendra- gajaratha-pratiSThA mahotsava ke samaya karAyA gayA thA / dUsare khaNDa para mahAmaNDapa kA dvAra vizeSa rUpa se alaMkRta hai aura usapara aMkita madanikAe~ tathA anya mUrtiyA~ khajurAho - kalA kA smaraNa dilAtI haiM / mahAmaNDapa meM 25 zilAphalakoM meM se 18 para kAyotsarga aura 7 para padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra sucArutA se alaMkRta hai / usameM vedI para pA~ca tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM sthApita haiM, jinameM se eka navIna sapheda saMgamaramara kI hai| dUsare khaNDa kI chata para ( garbhagRha ke Upara) eka laghu zikharAkAra pASANakhaNDa jIrNoddhAra ke samaya sthApita kara diyA gayA hai / mandira saMkhyA 12 mApa ardhamaNDapa kI lambAI (uttara - dakSiNa ) 12 phuTa 8 iMca ardhamaNDapa kI caur3AI (pUrva-pazcima ) 11 phuTa 9 iMca ardhamaNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 13 phuTa 8 iMca ardhama. aura mahAma. ke bIca ke cabUtare kI lambAI (u. - da.) 42 phuTa 9 iMca caur3AI ( pU. - pa. ) 16 phuTa 4 iMca U~cAI 3 phuTa 5 iMca 1. aisA prAsAda jisameM pradakSiNA patha nahIM hotA / 2. de. isa mandira kI vinyAsa rUparekhA citra kra. 38 | 3. (a) zrI kaniMghama ne ise 16 phuTa 7 iMca nApA thA / de. - e. esa. AI. Ara., jilda 10, pR. 1011 (4) zrI phuharara ne ise 16 phuTa 9 iMca hI nApA / de. - mA. e. I., pR. 1201 smAraka :: 49

Page #52
mahAmaNDapa kA adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 42 phuTa 9 iMca mahAmaNDapa ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 10 iMca antarAla aura mahAmaNDapa ke bIca kA antara 6 iMca antarAla kI lambAI (u. - da.) 10 phuTa antarAla kI caur3AI ( pU. - pa.) 7 phuTa 2 iMca antarAla ke bAyIM ora kI mar3hiyA kI lambAI (u. - da.) 9 phuTa 9 iMca antarAla ke bAyIM ora kI mar3hiyA kI caur3AI ( pU. pa.) 7 phuTa 2 iMca antarAla ke bAyIM ora kI adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 7 iMca antarAla ke dAyIM ora kI mar3hiyA kI lambAI (u. - da.) 10 phuTa 6 iMca antarAla ke dAyIM ora kI mar3hiyA kI caur3AI ( pU. pa.) 7 phuTa 2 iMca antarAla ke dAyIM ora kI adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 9 iMca pradakSiNA patha ke adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pU. pa.) 40 phuTa 5 iMca pradakSiNA patha ke adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u. - da.) 35 phuTa pradakSiNA patha kI caur3AI ( bhItara kI ora ) 4 phuTa 3 iMca pradakSiNA patha ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 9 iMca sataha se mahAmaNDapa ke chata kI U~cAI 15 phuTa 4 iMca sataha se pradakSiNA patha ke chata kI U~cAI 17 phuTa chata se aMga zikhara kI U~cAI 22 phuTa chata se sampUrNa zikhara kI anumAnita U~cAI 45 phuTa vivaraNa isa atyanta bhavya pazcimAbhimukha mandira ke AkAra-prakAra meM aneka sambhAvanAe~ chipI haiN| vartamAna meM yaha paMcAyatana zailI' kA sandhAra prAsAda" hai / hama sarvaprathama ardhamaNDapa' meM praveza karate haiM / usameM se chaha sIr3hiyoM dvArA eka caur3e cabUtare 1. zrI kaniMghama aura phuharara - donoM ne hI ise 42 phuTa 3 iMca samacatuSkoNa nApA thA / de. - kramazaH (a) e. esa. AI. Ara., ji. 10, pR. 100 (ba) mA. e. i., pR. 1201 2. zrI kaniMghama aura zrI phuharara ne isakA mApa 39 phuTa 2 iMca + 34 phuTa 3 iMca prastuta kiyA hai| de. - (a) kaniMghama : vahI, pR. 100 (ba) phuharara : vahI, pR. 1201 3. de. - citra saMkhyA 16 se 25 taka | 4. paMcAyatana zailI ke do rUpa pracalita the, prathama rUpa meM ve mandira Ate haiM jinameM maNDapa, mahAmaNDapa, antarAla, garbhagRha aura pradakSiNApatha ye pA~ca aMga (Ayatana) hote haiM, dvitIya rUpa meM ye mandira Ate haiM jinake cAroM konoM para eka-eka mandira (1 + 4 = 5) aura hote haiN| 5. aisA prAsAda jisameM pradakSiNA patha hotA hai| 6. de. - citra saMkhyA 16 1 50 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #53
para Ate haiN| tava chaha-chaha stambhoM kI chaha paMktiyoM para AdhArita eka bhavya mahAmaNDapa meM praveza karate haiM, jisake bAyeM maM. saM. 13 aura maM. saM. 14 kI dakSiNI dIvAreM sthita haiN| ina dIvAroM aura mahAmaNDapa ke bIca lagabhaga 3 phuTa kA jo antara thA, usameM mahAmaNDapa ke pharza se / phuTa 6 iMca U~cI aura 42 phuTa lambI vedI banA dI gayI hai aura usapara 20 zilApaTTa sthApita kiye gaye haiN| jinameM se do para padmAsana aura zeSa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| mahAmaNDapa se antarAla meM pahu~cA jAtA hai jisake dAyeM-bAyeM eka-eka mar3hiyA vidyamAna haiN| bAyIM ora kI mar3hiyA meM viMzatibhujI cakrezvarI (ci. saM. 99) aura dAyIM ora padmAvatI (citra saM. 106) yakSI kI mUrtiyA~ thIM, jinheM aba vahA~ se dharmazAlA meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA gayA hai| pradakSiNA patha meM 51 zilAphalaka sthApita haiM, jinameM se chaha para padmAsana aura zeSa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI vizAlAkAra mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| inameM se 15 abhilikhita haiN| antarAla se cAra sIr3hiyoM dvArA utarakara garbhagRha meM pahu~cA jAtA hai| isameM eka vizAlAkAra kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti (citra saM. 51) hai, jo yahA~ kI maulika mUrti hai| isake atirikta praveza-dvAra se saTI huI dAyeM-bAyeM do tathA vizAlAkAra mUrti ke donoM ora eka-eka caMvaradhArI kI aura unake bhI pazcAt eka-eka ambikA kI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| yaha yahA~ kA aitihAsika aura bhavya mandira hai| isake mahAmaNDapa meM aThAraha lipiyoM aura bhASAoM vAlA 'jJAnazilA' nAmaka suprasiddha abhilekha prApta huA hai| isI ke ardhamaNDapa ke eka stambha para gurjara-pratihAravaMzI rAjA bhoja kA samaya aura rAjyasImA nirdhArita karanevAlA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| isake pravezadvAra aura zikhara atyanta kalApUrNa tathA bhavya haiN| isake pradakSiNA patha kI bahirbhittiyoM para jaina zAsana-deviyoM kI sundara aura mahattvapUrNa mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| 1. de.-mahAmaNDapa kI vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra kra.9 tathA citra saMkhyA 171 2. de.-citra saMkhyA 17 / 3. de.-citra saMkhyA 491 4. abhilekha ke lie de. --pariziSTa do, abhilekha kra. ek| 5. de.-citra saMkhyA 18 / 5. de.--citra saMkhyA 21 aura 25 / 7. de.-citra 101, 102 smAraka :: 51

Page #54
mandira saMkhyA 13 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u. adhiSThAna - samatala 8 phuTa 5 iMca maNDapa kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) 25 phuTa 6 iMca maNDapa kI caur3AI (u. - da ) garbhagRha kI lambAI (u. - da.) garbhagRha kI caur3AI ( pU. - pa. ) 6 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 8phuTa 5 iMca vivaraNa ( pU. - pa. ) - da . ) 35 phuTa 18 phuTa isa mandira kA maNDapa uttarAbhimukha hai, jabaki isakA garbhagRha pUrvamukha hai| isake maNDapa meM vidyamAna 20 zilApaTToM para vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsargAsana aura padmAsana mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| garbhagRha meM cAra vediyoM para vidyamAna sAta zilApaTToM para tIrthaMkaroM kI ATha mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / isa mandira kI aneka mUrtiyA~ kalA aura sajjA kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| mandira saMkhyA 14 mApa 26 phuTa 25 phuTa 61/2 iMca adhiSThAna kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u. - da ) adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 8 iMca adhiSThAna se maNDapa ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 91/2 iMca adhiSThAna se maNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 5 iMca adhiSThAna se garbhagRha kI chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 1 iMca vivaraNa ATha catuSkoNa stambhoM para AdhArita maNDapa meM se isa mandira ke garbhagRha meM praveza karate hI sahasA yaha vizvAsa nahIM hotA ki yaha bhavana mUlarUpa meM mandira rahA hogaa| prathama to isameM bahuta adhika parivartana aura parivardhana kiyA gayA hai, dUsare isameM eka mandira kI apekSA nivAsasthAna ke lakSaNa adhika pratIta hote haiM I vartamAna meM garbhagRha ko 5 phuTa 10 iMca U~ce zilAphalakoM kI dIvAra khar3I kara 52 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #55
do kakSoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA gayA hai aura pratyeka kakSa meM 3 phuTa 5 iMca U~ce aura / phuTa 91/2 iMca caur3e eka-eka dvAra samAviSTa haiM / dAyeM kakSa meM chaha zilApaTToM para chaha kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ tathA bAyeM kakSa meM sAta zilApaTToM para vibhinna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / dAyeM kakSa kI tIna aura bAyeM kakSa kI eka mUrti abhilikhita haiM / mandira saMkhyA 15 mApa mandira kI lambAI ( pU. - pa.) 36 phuTa 2 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (u. - da ) 31 phuTa 1 iMca adhiSThAna ( mandirAkAra) kI U~cAI 3 phuTa 3 iMca chata se gumaTI ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 8 iMca gumaTI kA adhiSThAna samacatuSkoNa 8 phuTa 10 iMca chata se zikhara ke AdhAra kI U~cAI 13 phuTa 1 iMca zikhara ke AdhAra se zikhara kI U~cAI 9 phuTa zikhara kI paridhi 21 phuTa 8 iMca vivaraNa isa pazcimAbhimukha mandira' ke ATha stambhoM para AdhArita ardhamaNDapa meM pA~ca zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiM, jinameM se cAra apanI vediyoM para avasthita haiM / unameM se do para padmAsana aura tIna para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM tathA eka para eka paMkti kA lekha utkIrNa hai / praveza dvAra kI caukhaTa sucArutA se alaMkRta hai / mahAmaNDapa cAra-cAra stambhoM kI cAra paMktiyoM para AdhArita hai / usameM 18 zilApaTTa rakhe haiM jinameM se chaha laghuvediyoM para haiM aura do para eka-eka paMkti ke lekha utkIrNa haiN| bAharI ora ke 12 stambha dIvAra meM cine hue haiM aura zeSa cAra madhya meM sthita haiM jo atyanta alaMkRta haiM / mahAmaNDapa kI cAroM dizAoM meM eka- eka garbhagRha kI sthiti se spaSTa hai ki yaha mandira paMcAyatana zailI kA hai| pazcimI garbhagRha ardhamaNDapa kA bhI kArya karatA hai aura usake dAyeM aura bAyeM eka-eka vedI hai / uttarI garbhagRha meM bAhara kI ora eka vizAla padmAsana aura usake donoM ora eka-eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ sthApita haiM / bhItara kI ora aneka mUrtikhaNDa rakhe haiM / 1 1. de. - citra saMkhyA 26 / 2. isa mandira kI samagra sthiti kI jAnakArI ke lie dekhie -- vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra kra. 401 smAraka : 53

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pUrvI garbhagRha meM bAhara kI ora dvAra para gaMgA-yamunA evaM bhItara eka vizAla padmAsana aura usake donoM ora eka-eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ sthita haiN| isa garbhagRha ke bhItarI ora jo bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha' kI padmAsana' mUrti sthita hai vaha prAcIna kalA kA eka utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| isa mUrti ke bAyIM ora pArzvanAtha kI eka padmAsana mUrti bhI avasthita hai| dakSiNI garbhagRha kI bAharI ora do kAyotsargAsana mUrtiyA~ haiM, jinake madhya aba eka lauha-dvAra hai| anumAna hai ki isa dvAra ke sthAna para koI mUrti rahI hogI jo yA to naSTa ho gayI yA sthAnAntarita kara dI gayI hai| isa garbhagRha ke bhItara aneka mUrti-khaNDa bhare par3e haiN| mandira saMkhyA 16 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (u.-da.) 49 phuTa 4 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (pU.-pa.) 29 phuTa 10 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa adhiSThAna se ardhamaNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna se mahAmaNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI / / phuTa mahAmaNDapa kI chata se gumaTI ke chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa gumaTI kI chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 8 iMca gumaTI kI paridhi 16 phuTa 5 iMca vivaraNa cAra alaMkRta stambhoM para AdhArita maNDapa aura chaha-chaha stambhoM kI tIna paMktiyoM para AdhArita eka lambe mahAmaNDapa se yukta yaha pazcimAbhimukha mandira apane mUla rUpa meM nahIM raha sakA hai| U~cI sAdhAraNa-sI gumaTIvAlA isakA maNDapa devagar3ha ke sthApatya meM vizeSa kahA jA sakatA hai| dvAra kA toraNa alaMkRta hai| mahAmaNDapa ke bAharI 14 stambhoM ko dIvAra meM cina diyA gayA hai, ataH isake madhya kevala cAra stambha hI baca rahe haiN| mahAmaNDapa meM 25 vizAlAkAra zilApaTToM meM se ATha para padmAsana tathA 16 para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkaroM kI tathA eka para ambikA kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| 1. citra saM. 54 2. yaha mUrti neminAtha kI hI hai, mahAvIra kI nahIM, vistAra ke lie de. -pR. 158-5) | 3. de.-citra saMkhyA 271 54 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mandira saMkhyA 17 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (u.-da.) 44 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (pU.-pa.) 42 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 5 iMca maNDapa (pU.-pa.) 8 phuTa mahAmaNDapa kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 34 phuTa mahAmaNDapa kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 24 phuTa 6 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 11 iMca chata para vidyamAna gumaTI ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 10 iMca chata se gumaTI ke chata kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 9 iMca gumaTI ke AdhAra kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 1 iMca gumaTI ke chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 6 iMca zikhara kI paridhi 14 phuTa 10 iMca vivaraNa isa pazcimAbhimukha mandira ke maNDapa meM sAmane ke cAra stambhoM ke atirikta anya cAra stambha dIvAra meM cine hue haiN| maNDapa meM tIna zilApaTToM para kAyotsargAsana tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| praveza-dvAra sAmAnya rUpa se alaMkRta hai, usakA siradala (uSNISa) badalA huA pratIta hotA hai, jabaki zeSa aMza apane mUla rUpa meM haiN| isakA sAmAnya jIrNoddhAra huA hai| isake mahAmaNDapa meM madhyavartI cAra stambha apanI mUlasthiti meM pratIta hote haiN| zeSa 12 stambha dIvAroM meM cine hue dekhe jA sakate haiN| isa mahAmaNDapa meM vidyamAna 31 zilApaTToM meM se 22 para kAyotsargAsana aura zeSa para padmAsana tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| mandira saMkhyA 18 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (u.-da.) 67 phuTa 6 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (pU.-pa.) 26 phuTa 9 iMca adhiSThAna kI UMcAI 4 phuTa maNDapa ke Age ke chAyAhIna cabUtare kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 26 phuTa 9 iMca maNDapa ke Age ke chAyAhIna cabUtare kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 25 phuTa 6 iMca smAraka:: 55

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maNDapa ke cabUtare ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 10 iMca cabUtare ke chata kI U~cAI 12 phuTa 6 iMca chata se zikhara ke AdhAra kI U~cAI 9 iMca zikhara ke AdhAra se zikhara kI U~cAI 12 phuTa 6 iMca AdhAra se 90deg ke koNa taka 4 phuTa 10 iMca aura isake pazcAt zikhara aThapahalU ho jAtA hai| vivaraNa yaha dakSiNAbhimukha mandira apanI nirmANa zailI meM khajurAho ke smArakoM- jaisA pratIta hotA hai| isakI adhikAMza pRSThabhUmi apane maulika rUpa meM hai / isake sAmane ke cabUtare para khajurAho ke 'ghaNTaI - mandira' jaise do stambha khar3e haiN| isake bAda ke maNDapa meM sAmane ke cAra stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa cAra stambha dIvAra meM cine hue dekhe jA sakate haiM / maNDapa meM vidyamAna sAta zilApaTToM meM se tIna para padmAsana aura zeSa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / mahAmaNDapa kA praveza dvAra atyanta sundaratA se alaMkRta hai aura usapara aMkita madanikAe~, yugma, dhArmika, sAmAjika evaM saMgIta pradhAna dRzya khajurAho - kalA kA smaraNa dilAte haiM / mahAmaNDapa ke madhyavartI cAra stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa 12 stambha dIvAroM meM cine hue dIkha par3ate haiN| isameM vidyamAna 19 zilApaTToM meM se gyAraha para padmAsana aura ATha para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / isa mandira ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra kA siradala bahuta nIcA hai / pratIta hotA hai ki caukhaTa kA UparI bhAga badalA to hai hI, sthAnApanna prastara khaNDa choTA bhI hai / dvArapakSoM para gaMgA-yamunA kA manorama aMkana hai| garbhagRha meM pA~ca zilApaTTa jar3e hue haiN| garbhagRha meM avasthita 7 phuTa 7 iMca x 2 phuTa 21/2 iMca kI vizAlAkAra kAyotsargAsana mUrti isa mandira ke donoM praveza dvAroM meM se andara nahIM A sakatI / ataH anumAna hai ki pahale mUrti sthApita karake bAda meM garbhagRha kA nirmANa kiyA gayA aura dvAra phor3akara use mUla mandira se sambandhita kara diyA gayA hogA / mandira saMkhyA 19 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (u. - da.) 40 phuTa adhiSThAna kI caur3AI ( pU. - pa. ) 28 phuTa 1. de. - citra saMkhyA 28 | 2. de. - isa mandira kI vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra kra. 41 / 56 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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adhiSThAna kI UMcAI 8 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 2 iMca chata se gumaTI ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 5 iMca chata se gumaTI ke chata kI U~cAI / / phuTa 10 iMca gumaTI kI chata se gumaTI kI zikhara kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 3 iMca zikhara kI paridhi 16 phuTa 9 iMca vivaraNa isa dakSiNAbhimukha mandira ke maNDapa meM sAmane ke cAra stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa cAra stambha dIvAra meM cine hue haiN| praveza-dvAra gaMgA-yamunA, nAga-nAgI, tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM tathA vAhubalI aura bharata cakravartI kI mUrtiyoM se susajjita hai| isa mandira ke madhyavatI cAra stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa 12 stambha dIvAroM meM cine hue dekhe jA sakate haiN| isameM 12 zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiN| inameM se sAta ke atyanta sundara sira kinhIM mUrtibhaMjakoM dvArA 1959 I. meM kATa liye gaye haiN| mandira saMkhyA 20 mApa adhiSThAna, mandirAkAra, 3 iMca U~cA mandira kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 25 phuTa 8 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 23 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa vivaraNa isa dakSiNAbhimukha mandira kA praveza-dvAra gaMgA-yamunA aura tIrthaMkara mUrti Adi ke aMkana se alaMkRta hai| isake maNDapa ke madhyavartI cAra 12 pahalU stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa 12 stambha dIvAroM meM cine hue dekhe jA sakate haiN| isa maNDapa meM 27 zilApaTToM para 14 kAyotsargAsana aura 13 padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| isake garbhagRha ke dvAra para sAdhAraNa alaMkaraNa hai| garbhagRha meM pA~ca zilApaTToM para (tIna padmAsana aura do kAyotsargAsana) mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI padmAsana mUrti atyanta sundara hai| mandira saMkhyA 21 mApa mandira kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 3.4 phuTa 10 iMca smAraka:: 57

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mandira kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 10 phuTa / / iMca mandira kA adhiSThAna samatala isa mandira meM pUrva aura pazcima meM eka-eka kakSa aura unake madhya meM eka maNDapa hai| maNDapa kI lambAI 18 phuTa 6 iMca hai tathA pUrva aura pazcima ke kakSoM kI lambAI 8 phUTa 2 iMca hai| vivaraNa yaha samatala mandira prAcIna-smAraka ke sthAna para eka navIna kRti hai| isameM pUrva aura pazcima meM eka-dUsare ke sAmane dvAravAle do kakSa haiN| inake madhya meM eka maNDapa hai, jisake madhyavartI do stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa chaha stambha bhittiyoM meM cine hue haiN| maNDapa meM eka stambha-khaNDa rakhA hai, jisapara chaha paMktiyoM kA eka abhilekha isake atirikta eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara kI khaNDita mUrti bhI maNDapa meM sthita hai| pazcima kA pUrvAbhimukha kakSa isameM vidyamAna ATha zilApaTToM meM se eka para padmAsana aura sAta para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| inameM se tIna para abhilekha haiN| ____1959 I. meM isa kakSa kI eka atyanta bhavya mUrti kA sira mUrtibhaMjakoM dvArA kATa liyA gayA hai| pUrva kA pazcimAbhimukha kakSa isameM ATha zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiN| isa kakSa kI cAra atyanta sundara mUrtiyoM ke sira mUrtibhaMjakoM dvArA 1959 I. meM kATakara le jAye gaye haiN| siravihIna hokara bhI mUrtiyA~ bahuta prabhAvaka haiN| mandira saMkhyA 22 mApa mandira kI lambAI (u.-da.) 6 phuTa 9 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (pU.-pa.) 5 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna (mandirAkAra) kI U~cAI 5 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 8 iMca 1. de.-citra saMkhyA 29 / 58 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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chata se zikhara ke AdhAra kI UMcAI 10 iMca chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 4 iMca zikhara kI paridhi 14 phuTa 4 iMca vivaraNa isa dakSiNAbhimukha mandira' kA maNDapa do stambhoM aura praveza-dvAra ke uSNISa para AdhArita hai| praveza-dvAra sAdhAraNa alaMkRta hai, siradala para eka paMkti kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| dIvAroM ke bahirbhAga para tInoM ora alaMkRta zikharAkRtiyoM kA aMkana hai| isake garbhagRha meM vidyamAna tIna zilApaTToM para tIna padmAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| mandira saMkhyA 23 mApa mandira kI lambAI (u.-da.) 14 phuTa 10 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (pU.-pa.) 8 phuTa mandira ke sAmane bar3hA huA adhiSThAna 6 phuTa 10 iMca sataha se adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 3 iMca chata se gumaTI ke AdhAra kI U~cAI 10 iMca chata se gumaTI kI U~cAI 5 phuTa 3 iMca gumaTI catuSkoNa vivaraNa yaha mandira apane AkAra-prakAra se sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kA AbhAsa detA hai| garbhagRha ke sAmane atirikta adhiSThAna kadAcit maNDapa kA avazeSa hai| praveza-dvAra atyanta bhavyatA se alaMkRta hai| usake siradala para 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke yakSa pArzva kA spaSTa aMkana hai| garbhagRha meM 1 phuTa 6 iMca U~cI, 1 phuTa 7 iMca caur3I aura 3 phuTa 10 iMca lambI vedI para eka bhI mUla mUrti sthApita nahIM hai| garbhagRha meM avasthita pA~ca zilApaTToM meM se tIna para kAyotsargAsana aura eka para padmAsana tIrthaMkara tathA eka para ambikA yakSI aMkita hai| 1. de.--citra saMkhyA 30 / smAraka:: 59

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mandira saMkhyA 24 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (u.-da.) 15 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (pU.-pa.) 9 phuTa 3 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 5 iMca adhiSThAna se maNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 7 iMca adhiSThAna se garbhagRha kI chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 11 iMca garbhagRha kI chata se gumaTI ke AdhAra kI U~cAI 9 iMca garbhagRha kI chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 11 iMca gumaTI aThapahalU vivaraNa ___ yaha dakSiNAbhimukha mandira adhiSThAna aura usake Upara lagabhaga do phuTa kI U~cAI taka hI mUlarUpa meM avaziSTa hai| jIrNoddhAra ke samaya ise isake mUlarUpa ke anurUpa hI nirmita karAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama hama isake eka sAdhAraNa maNDapa meM se alaMkRta praveza-dvAra taka pahu~cate haiM, jisapara gaMgA-yamunA tathA anya alaMkaraNoM ke sAtha tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana huA hai| dvAra ke siradala para eka paMkti kA eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai| garbhagRha meM pA~ca zilAphalaka bhittiyoM meM cine hue haiN| inameM se do abhilikhita haiN| vidyamAna zilApaTToM meM se tIna para padmAsana aura eka para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ tathA eka para dharaNendra padmAvatI (yakSa-yakSI) kA aMkana hai| mandira saMkhyA 25 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 25 phuTa 10 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 15 phuTa 10 iMca adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 1 iMca adhiSThAna se maNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 7 iMca adhiSThAna se garbhagRha kI chata kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 6 iMca garbhagRha kI chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 5 phuTa 5 iMca zikhara meM 14 mekhalAe~ (catuSkoNa) 60 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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vivaraNa - isa pUrvAbhimukha mandira kA maNDapa cAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai, sAmane ke do stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa do stambha bhittiyoM meM cine hue haiN| praveza-dvAra sAdhAraNa hai| usake siradala ke madhya meM kAyotsargAsana pArzvanAtha kA aMkana hai| isa mUrti ke vAyeM eka paMkti kA abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai| garbhagRha meM pA~ca zilApaTTa avasthita haiM, jinameM se do para padmAsana aura zepa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthakara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| eka mUrti abhilikhita bhI mandira saMkhyA 26 mApa mandira kI lamvAI (pU.-pa.) 29) phaTa 10 iMca mandira kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 18 phuTa 9 iMca adhiSThAna mandirAkAra samatala adhiSThAna (sataha) se maNDapa kI chata kI UMcAI 9 phuTa 9 iMca adhiSThAna se garbhagRha kI chata kI U~cAI 8 phuTa 5 iMca vivaraNa isa pUrvAbhimukha mandira kA maNDapa ATha stambhoM para AdhArita hai| sAmane ke madhyavartI do stambhoM ke atirikta zepa chaha bhittiyoM se saTe hue haiN| maNDapa ke dAyeM aura bAyeM 3 phuTa 7 iMca U~ce, 8 phaTa / iMca lambe tathA 2 phuTa 10 iMca caur3e cabUtare maNDapa meM pAMca zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiM, jinameM se eka para mAtra bhAmaNDala zeSa hai, sambhavataH usapara kI mUrti kATa lI gayI hai| praveza-dvAra sAmAnya alaMkRta hai, isake siradala para madhya meM paMca phaNAvaliyukta kAyotsarga supArzvanAtha kA aMkana hai / garbhagRha ke madhyavartI do ke atirikta zepa sabhI 1) stambha bhittiyoM meM cine hue haiN| sabhI stambha sAde aura catuSkoNa haiN| garbhagRha meM 13 prastara khaNDa vidyamAna haiM, unameM se sAta para abhilekha haiN| yahA~ kI kucha atyanta sundara mUrtiyoM ke sira 1959 I. meM mUrtibhaMjakoM dvArA kATa liye gaye haiM, jinameM eka mUrti dharaNendra-padmAvatI kI bhI hai| / . de. ciA saMkhyA 31 / smAraka:: 61

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mandira saMkhyA 27 mApa 23 phuTa adhiSThAna kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u. - da ) adhiSThAna (samatala ) se chata kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 11 iMca 13 phuTa 9 iMca chata se zikhara kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 7 iMca zikhara kA AdhAra (u. da. ) 6 phuTa 8 iMca zikhara kA AdhAra ( pU. pa.) 5 phuTa 9 iMca zikhara - mekhalAbaddha vivaraNa isa pUrvAbhimukha mandira' kA maNDapa stambhoM para AdhArita na hokara dIvAroM se AvRta hai / maNDapa ke pravezadvAra ke siradala para 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA padmAsana meM aura unake dAyeM pArzvanAtha tathA bAyeM supArzvanAtha kA kAyotsargAsana meM aMkana huA hai / isake pArzva meM dAyIM ora eka paMkti kA abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai| garbhagRha ke dvAra ke Upara madhya meM kAyotsargAsana RSabhanAtha aMkita haiM / garbhagRha meM avasthita do zilApaTToM meM se eka para caubIsI kA aMkana hai 1 mandira saMkhyA 28 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (u. - da ) 30 phuTa 8 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI ( pU. - pa.) 21 phuTa adhiSThAna kI U~cAI - samatala mandira kI lambAI (u. - da ) 25 phuTa 11 iMca mandira kI caur3AI ( pU. - pa.) 16 phuTa maNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 8 iMca garbhagRha kI chata kI U~cAI 11 phuTa 6 iMca aMga - zikhara kI 90deg ke koNa taka U~cAI ( garbhagRha kI chata se ) 6 phuTa 8 iMca usake Upara bane trikoNa kI anumAnita U~cAI 5 phuTa mukhya zikhara kI anumAnita U~cAI ( garbhagRha kI chata se ) 25 phuTa 62 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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vivaraNa pUrNabhadra zailI meM nirmita dakSiNAbhimukha isa mandira" kA ardhamaNDapa vartamAna meM chAyAhIna avasthA meM hai| usake sAmane ke do stambhoM ke cihnoM se aura maNDapa kI chata se isakI chata ke jur3e hone ke spaSTa pramANoM se nizcita hai ki isapara chAyA thI / maNDapa kA praveza dvAra alaMkRta hai / ' maNDapa kA AkAra bahuta choTA hai aura usameM praveza karate hI hama turanta garbhagRha ke sAdhAraNa-se dvAra meM pahu~cate haiN| garbhagRha 1 phuTa 10 iMca gaharA hai, jisameM do sIr3hiyoM dvArA utarA jAtA hai / isameM sAta zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiM, jinameM se do para padmAsana aura zeSa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthakara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai aura tIna abhilikhita haiM / mukhya zikhara adhiSThAna se prArambha hotA hai aura lagabhaga 16 phuTa taka kama aura usake Upara adhikAdhika patalA hotA jAtA hai / dakSiNa meM ( praveza dvAra ke Upara) eka aMgazikhara hai jisapara sundara alaMkaraNa evaM parikara ke madhya tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ jar3I haiM / isakI eka devakulikA kA toraNa aura mukhya mUrti TUTakara gira gayI thI / jIrNoddhAra ke samaya dUsarI mUrti to vahA~ sthApita kara dI gayI hai, parantu toraNa Aja bhI anupasthita hai / mandira saMkhyA 29 mApa mandira kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) mandira kI caur3AI (u. - da.) adhiSThAna-samatala adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa vivaraNa 12 phuTa 3 iMca 12 phuTa sAmAnya alaMkaraNa aura siradala para tIna tIrthakara mUrtiyoM ke aMkana se yukta praveza dvAravAle isa pazcimAbhimukha mandira meM ekamAtra laghu kakSa hai| isakI vedI para 1. isake lakSaNa vistAra ke lie de. aparAjitapRcchA ( bar3audA, 1950 I.), 164-10 / 2. de. citra saMkhyA 32 | 3. isa mandira ke sthiti-vistAra Adi ke lie de. - vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra kra. 42 / 4. de. citra saMkhyA 33 | 5. de. citra saMkhyA 32 | smAraka :: 63

Page #66
chaha zilApaTTa sthita haiN| inameM se eka (saMvat 1201 abhilikhita) cauvIsI aura dUsarA kisI vizAla mUrti ke alaMkaraNa kA aMza, mahattvapUrNa haiN| cauvIsI ke pRSTa bhAga meM, eka zilApaTTa para mAtra bhAmaNDala aura siMhAsana zeSa haiN| anumAna hai ki isakI mUrti kisI mUrtibhaMjaka dvArA kATa lI gayI hai| mandira saMkhyA 30 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 24 phuTa 4 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 15 phuTa 10 iMca adhiSThAna-samatala adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 3 iMca vivaraNa yaha pazcimAbhimukha mandira' ATha stambhoM para AdhArita hai aura usakA maNDapa 6 phuTa 9 iMca caur3A aura 9 phuTa 5 iMca lambA hai| isakA praveza-dvAra sAmAnya rUpa se alaMkRta hai aura usake siradala para tIna tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| isake garbhagRha meM madhyavartI do stambhoM ke atirikta zeSa ATha stambha dIvAroM meM cine hAe haiN| isameM tIna vediyA~ haiM para mUla-mUrti eka bhI nahIM hai| garbhagRha meM 12 zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiN| inameM se tIna abhilikhita haiN| zrI sAhanI ne isa mandira meM 4 phuTa 5 iMca kI eka kAyotsargAsana mUrti ke siMhAsana para eka abhilekha kI sUcanA dI hai| vaha lekha yahA~ siMhAsana para sthita eka mUrtivihIna siMhAsana para aMkita hai| isa mandira meM zayyA para leTI 'jina-mAtA' kA aMkana bahuta bhavya hai| mandira saMkhyA 31 mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 14 phuTa adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 12 phuTa 9 iMca adhiSThAna-samatala adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 1. de. -citra saMkhyA 34 / 2. ena. pro. ri. 1917-18, pR. 20 ! 64 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #67
vivaraNa isa dakSiNAbhimukha mandira' kA praveza dvAra apane uccakoTi ke alaMkaraNa ke lie ullekhanIya hai / donoM pakSoM para sabase nIce gaMgA-yamunA aura siradala para dAyeM pustaka evaM vINAdhAriNI sarasvatI tathA madhya meM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA aMkana hai, jabaki bAyIM ora kI devI khaNDita ho cukI hai| tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke donoM ora aMkita deva-deviyoM meM nAga aura nAgI kA aMkana devagar3ha meM virala hI dRSTigata hotA hai / alaMkaraNa ke antargata ( dvArapakSoM para ) aneka devoM ko eka-eka U~ce muDDhe para ardhasthita avasthA meM aMkita dikhAyA gayA hai / garbhagRha meM vedikA para zaMkhacihna se aMkita ekamAtra zilApaTTa sthApita hai, jisa para 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAma kI eka vizAlAkAra padmAsana mUrti utkIrNa hai| (ba) laghu mandira laghu mandira : saMkhyA 1 ( mandira saMkhyA 12 ke dakSiNa meM pUrva kI ora sthita ) : mApa adhiSThAna kI lamvAI (u. - da ) adhiSThAna kI cor3AI ( pU. - pa.) 8 phuTa 6 iMca adhiSThAna - samatala adhiSThAna se maNDapa kI chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 5 iMca adhiSThAna se garbhagRha kI UMcAI 8 phuTa vivaraNa yaha laghu, kintu kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa, uttaramukha mandira apane mUlarUpa meM pUrNataH vidyamAna hai / isakA cAra stambhoM para AdhArita maNDapa sAdhAraNa aura praveza-dvAra bhavyatA se alaMkRta hai| pratyeka bhitti ke bahirbhAga para cAra stambhAkRtiyA~ haiM, aura unake madhya meM eka-eka zikharayukta devakulikA kA aMkana hai, jinameM eka-eka padmAsana tIrthakara kA aMkana hai| garbhagRha meM pA~ca zilApaTTa sthita haiM, jinameM do para padmAsana aura zepa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiM / 1. de. citra saMkhyA 361 2. da. citra saMkhyA OM / 12 phuTa 8 iMca smAraka :: 65

Page #68
laghu mandira : saMkhyA 2 ( mandira saMkhyA 12 ke dakSiNa meM madhya kA ( maNDapavihIna) / ) : mApa 5 phuTa 10 iMca adhiSThAna mandirAkAra samatala mandira kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) mandira kI caur3AI (u. - da ) adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 2 iMca 5 phuTa 9 iMca vivaraNa yaha uttaramukha mandira bhI apane mUla rUpa meM sthita hai| isakA praveza-dvAra sAdhAraNa hai| pArzva kI bhittiyoM para pA~ca-pA~ca aura pIche kI bhitti para cAra alaMkRta stambhAkRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM / isake garbhagRha meM tIna zilApaTTa vidyamAna haiM, unameM se eka para kAyotsargAsana aura zeSa para padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM / laghu mandira : saMkhyA 3 ( mandira saMkhyA 12 ke dakSiNa meM pazcimI ora sthita maNDapa) : mApa adhiSThAna (maNDapAkAra) maNDapa kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) 8 phuTa maNDapa kI caur3AI (u. -da.) 7 phuTa 1 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 11 phuTa 1 iMca vivaraNa mApa yaha tIna ora se khulA huA Adhunika maNDapAkAra mandira' hai, jisakA nirmANa eka vizAlAkAra (7 phuTa 3 iMca x 2 phuTa 2 iMca) tIrthaMkara mUrti ko chAyA dene ke lie kiyA gayA hai| isa mUrti ke bAyIM ora kA caMvaradhArI sambhavataH kATakara le jAyA gayA hai 1 laghu mandira : saMkhyA 4 ( mandira saMkhyA 13 ke sAmane sthita ) : adhiSThAna-samatala 1. de. citra saMkhyA 46 / 66 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #69
mandira samacatuSkoNa , phaTa 7 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI UMcAI 7 phuTa 3 iMca chata se zikhara kI UMcAI 5 phuTa 5 iMca zikhara kI paridhi 15 phuTa 5 iMca vivaraNa dakSiNAbhimukha yaha eka gumaTIdAra laghu mandira hai, jisakA jIrNoddhAra bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM kiyA gayA hai| praveza-dvAra sAdhAraNataH alaMkRta hai, dvAra-pakSoM para nIce gaMgA-yamunA aura siradala para madhya meM eka padmAsana tIrthakara aMkita haiN| pazcimI bhitti para cAra stambhAkRtiyA~ haiM, aura unake madhya meM eka zikharayukta maNDapAkRti meM eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara utkIrNa haiN| uttarI ora pUrvI dIvAra para bhI vahI dRzya aMkita hai, parantu pUrvI dIvAra para zikharayukta maNDapAkRti madhya meM na hokara tIsare aura cauthe stambhoM ke madhya meM hai| isake garbhagRha meM eka 5 iMca U~cI, 2 phuTa 7 iMca lambI aura 1 phuTa 3 iMca cor3I vedI hai, jisapara kAyotsargAsana pArzvanAtha kI mUrti sthApita hai| kadAcit yaha yahA~ kI mUla-mUrti hai| isake atirikta yahA~ do zilApaTTa aura avasthita haiM, jinapara padmAsana tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| laghu mandira : saMkhyA 5 (mandira saMkhyA 15 ke pIche sthita bar3I mar3hiyA) : mApa adhiSThAna mandirAkAra mandira kI lambAI (pa.pa.) 12 phaTa () iMca mandira kI cor3AI (u.-da.) 8 phuTa adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 7 phuTa ) iMca vivaraNa yaha pazcimAbhimukha mandira apane mUlarUpa meM hI sthita pratIta hotA hai| isake praveza-dvAra ke siradala ke madhya meM eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| isakI bahirbhitti sapATa kintu yojanAvaddha hai| isase isakI prAcInatA kA bodha hotA hai| anumAna hai ki isapara bhI gumaTI rahI hogI, jo aba nahIM hai| isakI pUrvI bhitti se uttara kI ora navanirmita jaina cahAradIvArI jur3a jAtI hai| isake garbhagRha meM abhI tIna aura nirmita choTI vediyoM para chaha zilApaTTa sthita haiM, jinameM se tIna para kAyotsargAsana aura zeSa para padmAsana mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| smAraka :: 67

Page #70
laghu mandira : saMkhyA 6 (mandira saMkhyA 15 ke pIche sthita choTI mar3hiyA) : mApa adhiSThAna mandirAkAra mandira samacatuSkoNa 5 phuTa 2 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 4 iMca vivaraNa yaha pazcimAbhimukha laghu mandira adhikAMzataH apane mUlarUpa meM surakSita hai| isakA praveza-dvAra sAdhAraNa alaMkRta hai| siradala ke madhya meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| bhittiyoM para, stambhAkRtiyoM aura unake madhya ke sthAnoM para sundara patrAvalI kA alaMkaraNa hai| isakA eka-prastarIya chata ullekhanIya hai| isake garbhagRha meM tInoM ora nava-nirmita laghu vediyoM para pA~ca zilApaTTa adhiSThita haiM, jinameM se eka para padmAsana aura zeSa para kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkaroM kA aMkana hai| laghu mandira : saMkhyA 7 (mandira saMkhyA 19 ke sAmane sthita) : mApa adhiSThAna mandirAkAra 1 phuTa U~cA mandira samacatuSkoNa 5 phuTa 9 iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 6 iMca vivaraNa. yaha uttarAbhimukha laghu mandira apane mUla-rUpa meM avasthita hai| yadyapi isameM jIrNoddhAra kA paryApta kArya huA hai| praveza-dvAra sAdhAraNa alaMkRta hai| vahibhittiyoM para sAmAnya-sajjA ke sAtha cAra-cAra stambhAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| garbhagRha meM sthita cAra zilAphalakoM meM se eka para padmAsana aura zeSa para kAyotsargAsana mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| laghu mandira : saMkhyA 8 (mandira saMkhyA 26 ke uttara meM sthita) : mApa adhiSThAna kI lambAI (pU.-pa.) 21 phuTa 7 iMca adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u.-da.) 8 phuTa / iMca adhiSThAna se chata kI UMcAI 7 phuTa 68 :; devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #71
vivaraNa yaha pUrvAbhimukha mandira kisI prAcIna dhvasta smAraka ke sthAna para jIrNoddhAra ke samaya nirmita Adhunika bhavana hai / isake sAdhAraNa alaMkRta praveza-dvAra ke siradala ke madhya meM kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiM / isake garbhagRha meM vidyamAna cAra zilApaTToM para pA~ca mUrtiyA~ (cAra kAyotsargAsana aura eka padmAsana) utkIrNa haiM / eka mUrti para abhilekha bhI hai / laghu mandira : saMkhyA 9 ( mandira saMkhyA 27 ke dakSiNa meM sthita ) : mApa 21 phuTa 5 iMca adhiSThAna kI lambAI ( pU. - pa. ) adhiSThAna kI caur3AI (u. - da ) adhiSThAna se chata kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 10 iMca 13 phuTa 10 iMca vivaraNa yaha pUrvAbhimukha mandira do kakSoM meM vibhAjita hai, donoM meM praveza hetu svatantra dvAra haiM / yaha pUrNataH khaNDita kisI bhavana para nirmita prAcIna zailI kA Adhunika mandira hai / isake bAyeM kakSa meM avasthita do zilAphalakoM para do padmAsana aura do kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM tathA dAyeM kakSa meM kevala eka zilApaTTa vidyamAna hai, isapara do kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM aura do choTe-choTe abhilekha aMkita haiM / (sa) stambha mandira saMkhyA 1 ke pIche sthita sAdA stambha stambha saMkhyA 1 mApa U~cAI 5 phuTa 3 iMca paridhi 3 phuTa 1 iMca vivaraNa yaha eka sAdA stambha hai / yaha eka anagar3ha pASANa ke adhiSThAna para sthita hai / isake Upara cAra devakulikAoM meM cAra kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA sundaratA se aMkana hai / dakSiNI devakulikA meM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kA cihna 'ardha candra' spaSTa rUpa se aMkita hai / smAraka :: 69

Page #72
isa stambha ke pUrvI bhAga meM 10 iMca 10 iMca mApa kA 9 paMktiyoM kA eka abhilekha aMkita hai jisameM saMvat 1493 meM mahIcandra nAmaka kisI zrAvaka ke dvArA kI gayI mUrti sthApanA kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai mandira saMkhyA 1 ke pIche uttara meM sthita tathAkathita mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 2 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 9 iMca caukI se stambha kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 6 iMca aThapahalU rUpa vivaraNa caukI para sthita isa stambha ke nicale bhAga meM ( 102 iMca U~cI) cAra devakulikAoM meM jaina - zAsana deviyA~ aura deva kramazaH ambikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI aura dharaNendra aMkita dikhAye gaye haiM / ina devakulikAoM ke Upara (stambha ke madhya meM) kIrtimukhoM se cAroM ora ghaNTiyA~ jhUla rahI haiN| isake Upara cAroM ora kI devakulikAoM meM se tIna meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara - mUrtiyA~ aura dakSiNa meM upAdhyAya parameSThI kI mUrti upadeza - mudrA meM aMkita haiM / upAdhyAya kI mUrti ke Asana ke nikaTa TUTadAra meja bhI aMkita hai, unakI pIchI - kamaNDalu bhI aMkita haiM tathA unake vAyIM ora eka karabaddha bhakta AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai / pazcimI devakulikA ke tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha paMca-phaNAvali sahita aMkita haiM, jabaki zeSa do tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ cihnavihIna haiM yA unake cihna naSTa ho gaye haiM / mandira saMkhyA 1 ke pIche (madhyavartI) mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 3 1 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 9 iMca caukI se stambha kI U~cAI 14 phuTa 1 iMca 1. de. citra saMkhyA 13 meM stambha saM. do / 1 70 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

Page #73
vivaraNa cokI para avasthita isa mAnastambha meM nIce ke hisse meM cAroM ora devakulikAeM haiM, jinameM kramazaH dakSiNa meM nAga, pazcima meM nAgI, uttara meM apane vAhana siMha sahita amvikA apane donoM bAlakoM tathA Amragucchaka sahita aMkita haiM aura pUrva meM cakrezvarI devI apane vAhana garur3a para ArUr3ha dikhAI gayI haiN| inakI mudrAe~ atyanta Rju aura sajjA bahuta sundara hai / ina devakulikAoM ke Upara stambha aThapahalU ho jAtA hai aura vahA~ kIrtimukhoM se atyanta sundara ghaNTikAeM jhUlatI huI dIkha par3atI haiM / kIrtimukhoM ke Upara 2 iMca ubharI huI devakulikAoM meM hAthiyoM ke pazcAt kramazaH pUrva kI ora upadeza mudrA meM pIchI - kamaNDalu sahita chaha sAdhuoM kA aMkana hai / dakSiNa kI ora pIchI ora kamaNDalu sahita vinayAvanata mudrA meM chaha AryikAe~ aMkita haiN| pazcima meM eka sAdhu ke pazcAt eka AryikA isa prakAra kI kula chaha AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / ye sabhI bagala meM apanI 'pIchI' to dabAye haiM, kintu sabhI ke kamaNDalu adRzya haiM / uttara kI ora viziSTa abhiruci kA pradarzana huA hai, (dAyIM ora se ) sarvaprathama sAdhu hAtha jor3e hue dikhAye gaye haiN| usake pazcAt AcArya parameSThI kA aMkana upadeza - mudrA meM huA hai, isake pazcAt kramazaH eka zrAvikA, eka zrAvaka aura punaH eka zrAvikA kA atyanta sundaratA se aMkana huA hai| ye tInoM (zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~) hAtha jor3e hue haiN| isake Upara stambha golAkAra ho jAtA hai, aura lagabhaga 2 phuTa ke bAda eka atyanta sundara kaTAvadAra Amalaka kI AkRti kA pASANa samAviSTa hai / isake pazcAt kIcakoM ke Upara caturdik cAra devakulikAoM meM cAra padmAsana mUrtiyoM kA sundaratA se aMkana hai / pUrva aura dakSiNa kI devakulikAoM meM hariNa - cihnAMkita solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha utkIrNa haiM | pazcimI devakulikA meM saptaphaNAvali sahita teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA aMkana hai, jabaki uttarI devakulikA meM upedaza mudrA meM AcArya parameSThI kA aMkana upAsanArata ziSyoM zrAvakoM ke sAtha huA hai / ina sabhI kI mudrAe~ sundara haiM / isa sabake Upara aMga- zikhara ke AkAra kI devakulikAe~ haiM / yaha mAnastambha bahuta bhavya hai / 1 1. de. citra saMsthA 13 meM stambha saMkhyA tIna / smAraka :: 71

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mandira saMkhyA 1 ke pIche (dakSiNa meM) sthita tathAkathita mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 4 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 10 iMca caukI para se stambha kI U~cAI 9 phuTa stambha kI paridhi 4 phuTa 7 iMca vivaraNa caukI para sthita isa stambha ke adhobhAga kI ca dik devakalikAoM meM kramazaH nAga, nAgI, ambikA aura mahAkAlI' nAmaka deviyoM kA atyanta sundara aMkana hai| inake Upara kIrtimukhoM se cAroM ora ghaNTikAe~ laTaka rahI haiN| isake Upara caturdik cAra devakulikAoM meM se dakSiNa meM upAdhyAya parameSThI tathA zeSa tIna ora padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| mandira saMkhyA 2, 3 tathA 4 kA madhyavartI stambha stambha saMkhyA 5 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 7 iMca caukI se stambha kI UMcAI 8 phuTa 8 iMca stambha-aThapahalU vivaraNa yaha stambha kisI prAcIna smAraka kA avazeSa hai| vartamAna meM ise mandira saMkhyA do, tIna tathA cAra ke madhya meM mAnastambha ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| 1. de.citra saMkhyA 43 meM stambha saMkhyA caar| 2. AThavIM vidyaadevii| isa vidyAdevI ke lakSaNa tathA vistRta vivaraNa ke lie de. catutha AdhyAya kI pAda ttippnnii| 3. de.-citra saMkhyA 44 / 72 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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isake adhobhAga meM kIrtimukha utkIrNa kiye gaye haiM tathA madhya meM kIrtimukhoM se zRMkhalAyukta ghaNTikAeM sundaratA se laTakatI huI dikhAI gayI haiN| I 1 isake Upara caturdik cAra devakulikAoM meM se uttara meM AcArya apane eka hAtha meM tAr3apatrIya grantha liye hue tathA dUsarA upadeza mudrA meM kiye hue aMkita haiN| jIva rakSA aura zuddhi ke sAdhana pIchI aura kamaNDalu bhI upasthita dikhAye gaye haiM dakSiNa meM vRSabhanAtha, pUrva meM saptaphaNAvali sahita pArzvanAtha aura pazcima meM ajitanAtha kA aMkana bahuta sundara bana par3A hai| sabhI mUrtiyA~ padmAsana meM haiM aura unake nIce eka - eka paMkti ke abhilekha haiM / isa stambha para saMvat 1108 aMkita hai, yaha isa stambha ke nirmANa kA samaya pratIta hotA hai / mandira saMkhyA 5 ke pazcima meM bAyIM ora sthita stambha stambha saMkhyA 6 mApa sataha se stambha kI U~cAI 4 phuTa 5 iMca stambha samacatuSkoNa 1 phuTa vivaraNa yaha stambha kisI samAdhi - smAraka kA zeSa aMza hai| vartamAna meM yaha maM. saM. 5 ke pazcima meM adhiSThAna ke bAyIM ora jamIna meM gar3A huA hai / isameM caturdik cAra devakulikAoM meM se tIna meM pIchI aura kamaNDalu dhAraNa kiye hue muni kAyotsargAsana meM darzAye gaye haiM aura eka meM (dakSiNa kI ora) pIchI aura kamaNDalu dhAraNa kiye AryikA kA aMkana hai| yaha stambha kalA kI dRSTi se sAdhAraNa koTi kA hai / mandira saMkhyA 6, 7 aura 9 kA madhyavartI stambha stambha saMkhyA 7 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 8 iMca 1. de. - citra saMkhyA pA~ca meM stambha | smAraka :: 73

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caukI se stambha kI U~cAI 4 phuTa 9 iMca stambha caukora ( 2 phuTa 11 iMca ) vivaraNa yaha stambha bhaTTAraka-samAdhi se sambandhita pratIta hotA hai| isake pUrva aura pazcima meM eka-eka devakulikA hai, jisameM gale meM mAlA dhAraNa kiye hue kAyotsargAsana eka-eka mUrti ( sambhavataH bhaTTArakoM kI) utkIrNa hai / isa stambha ke pUrva meM eka paMkti kA aura pazcima meM tIna paMktiyoM kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai / mandira saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa ke sAmane cabUtare para avasthita mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 8 mApa stambha kI U~cAI 13 phuTa 8 iMca stambha bha - aThapahalU vivaraNa isa vizAla stambha' ke nicale bhAga meM caturdik cAra devakulikAoM meM caturbhujI cAra deviyoM kA atyanta sundara aMkana hai / pazcimI devakulikA kI devI vRSArUDhA hai, dakSiNI devakulikA kI devI narArUDhA tathA pUrvI aura uttarI devakulikAoM kI deviyA~ kramazaH mayUra aura siMha para AsIna dikhAI gayI haiM / stambha ke madhya meM, kIrtimukhoM se 4 phuTa 10%1/2 iMca lambI aura madhya meM granthiyukta tIna-tIna zrRMkhalAoM se bahuta sundara ghaNTiyA~ laTaka rahI haiM / isake Upara cAroM ora cAra devakulikAoM meM eka-eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| stambha ke UparI bhAga para eka kaTAvadAra pASANa hai / 1. isa stambha ke nicale bhAga ko cabUtare meM eka hauja ke AkAra kA gaDDhA rakhakara pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / stambha kA UparI bhAga citra saMkhyA 17 meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| 74 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke sAmane (bAyIM ora) rakhA huA stambha stambha saMkhyA 9 mApa UMcAI 8 phuTa 7 iMca 16 pahalU vivaraNa yaha stambha kisI smAraka ke stambha kA avaziSTa madhyabhAga mAtra hai| isa para kisI prakAra kA koI aMkana yA alaMkaraNa nahIM hai| mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke mahAmaNDapa meM rakhA hue stambha stambha saMkhyA 10 mApa U~cAI 5 phuTa 2 iMca caukora vivaraNa yaha stambha asthAyI rUpa se mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM rakhA huA hai| isa para kramazaH do tathA 10 paMktiyoM ke do abhilekha utkIrNa haiM aura isake Upara devakulikA meM eka tIrthakara mUrti kA aMkana padmAsana meM hai| yaha stambha atyanta sAdhAraNa hai| mandira saMkhyA 11 ke sAmane tathA 12 ke dakSiNa meM sthita mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 11 mApa sataha se cokiyoM kI U~cAI 2 phaTa iMca caukI se stambha kI UMcAI / ( phaTa / iMca stambha 16 pahalU smAraka:: 75

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vivaraNa mekhalAyukta tIna caukiyoM para adhiSThita yaha prAcIna stambha' jinendra gajaratha pratiSThA mahotsava ke samaya yahA~ mAnastambha ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai| stambha ke nicale bhAga meM cAra devakulikAe~ haiN| unameM uttara kI ora dharaNendra-padmAvatI, pUrva meM garuDavAhinI dazamukhI cakrezvarI, dakSiNa meM dvAdazabhujI (sambhavataH mayUrAsInA) devI aura pazcima meM vRSabhArUDhA aSTabhujI devI kA aMkana isake pazcAt Upara ke laghukoSThakoM taka khajurAho-jaisI bhavyatA se puSpa-patroM ko utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| ina (puSpa-patroM) ke madhya cAroM ora 3 phuTa 9 iMca lambI atyanta sundara zrRMkhalAoM se ghaNTiyA~ laTaka rahI haiN| isake pazcAt caturdik cAra koSThakoM meM se Upara kI ora ke koSThaka ke madhya meM AcArya parameSThI upadeza-mudrA meM padmAsana meM aMkita haiM tathA unake donoM ora eka-eka sAdhu pIchI dabAye hue darzAye gaye haiM, kintu unake kamaNDalu adRzya haiN| inake donoM ora do-do bhakta aMjalibaddha vinayAvanata dikhAye gaye haiM, unakI bar3hI huI dAr3hI sahaja hI darzaka kI dRSTi apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai|| pUrva kI ora saMvat 1116 ke do paMktiyoM ke abhilekha ke Upara vahA~ sAta AkRtiyA~ spaSTa dikhAI par3atI haiN| kadAcit vahA~ 'AryikA' kA upadeza aMkita dikhAyA gayA hai| upadezarata AryikA ke donoM ora tIna-tIna zrAvikAe~ susajjita vezabhUSA meM upadeza zravaNa kara rahI haiN| ve aMjali-mudrA meM vinayAvanata haiM, unake AbhUSaNa tathA vastra spaSTatayA dekhe jA sakate haiN| dakSiNa kI ora madhya meM eka 'AryikA' upadezarata haiM, unakI pIchI aura kamaNDalu-donoM hI aMkita haiM, inake donoM pAvoM meM kramazaH eka-eka AryikA, tatpazcAt do-do zrAvikAe~ aMjali-mudrA meM vinayAvanata AsIna dikhAI gayI haiN| pazcima meM bhI sAta AkRtiyA~ spaSTa dekhI jA sakatI haiM, madhya meM upAdhyAya parameSThI upadeza mudrA meM aMkita haiN| unake donoM pAryoM meM eka-eka sAdhu aura tatpazcAt vinayAvanata aMjalibaddha do-do zrAvaka baiThe dikhAye gaye haiN| ina laghu koSThakoM ke Upara eka ubhAradAra pASANa kA AcchAdana dekara uparivartI devakulikAoM meM se dakSiNa kI ora sapta phaNAvali sahita pArzvanAtha kAyotsargAsana meM aMkita haiN| zeSa tInoM ora eka-eka tIrthaMkara kAyotsargAsana meM utkIrNa haiN| devakulikAoM kI zikharAkRtiyoM ke Upara laghu Amalaka aura kalaza haiN| 1. de.-citra saMkhyA 451 2. de.-citra saMkhyA 111 / 3. de.-citra saMkhyA 112 / 76 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mandira saMkhyA 12 ke dakSiNI ora sthita stambha stambha saMkhyA 12 mApa sataha se cokI kI U~cAI ) phuTa 6 iMca caukI se stambha kI U~cAI 9 phuTa 1/2 iMca stambha catuSkoNa vivaraNa isa stambha' ke cAroM ora gyAraha-gyAraha paMktiyoM meM cAra-cAra tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| sabhI mUrtiyA~ padmAsana meM utkIrNa haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki yadyapi yaha stambha ma. saM. 14 ke samakSa sthita stambha (saMkhyA 13) ke samAna hai kintu yaha UparI bhAga se bhinna hai| mandira saMkhyA 14 ke sAmane bAyIM ora sthita mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 13 mApa sataha se caukI kI UMcAI 9 iMca caukI sama catuSkoNa 4 phuTa 10 iMca cokI se stambha kI U~cAI 10 phuTa 4 iMca stambha catuSkoNa vivaraNa __isa stambha' ke nicale bhAga meM cAroM ora devakalikAoM meM kAyotsargAsana yakSI-mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| pazcimI ora kI yakSI ambikA hai| ina devakalikAoM ke Upara cAroM ora gyAraha-gyAraha paMktiyoM meM cAra-cAra tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai : 11. 1 = 11 1 = 176 irA mUrti-samUha ke Upara choTe-choTe do Amalaka aura unake Upara kalaza avasthita haiN| de.. citra saMkhyA 16 / .) de --citra saMkhyA 17 / smAraka ::77

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mandira saMkhyA 15 ke sAmane sthita stambha stambha saMkhyA 14 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 10 iMca caukI se stambha kI U~cAI 5 phuTa 11 iMca vivaraNa isa atyanta sundara stambha ke prArambha meM 18 mekhalAe~ haiM / yaha kisI smAraka kA zeSa aMza hai, jise yahA~ lAkara sthApita kara diyA gayA hai| kIrtimukhoM ke Upara patrAvalI tathA vallariyoM kA aMkana bahuta manorama hai| isa stambha ke UparI bhAga meM eka sarvatobhadrikA pratimA virAjamAna hai, jisameM caturdik kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / isa stambha kA kaTAva atyanta bArIka hai / mandira saMkhyA 18 ke sAmane ke do stambha stambha saMkhyA 15 aura 16 mApa cabUtare ke adhiSThAna kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 10 iMca adhiSThAna se stambhoM kI U~cAI 12 phuTa donoM stambha 16 pahalU vivaraNa stambhoM ke nimna bhAga meM maMgala-ghaToM ke Upara patra - puSpoM kA alaMkaraNa atyanta sundara bana par3A hai| stambhoM ke madhya bhAga meM zrRMkhalAoM ke sahAre manohara ghaNTiyA~ laTaka rahI haiM / ye stambha khajurAho ke ghaNTaI mandira kI yAda dilAte haiM / inameM se dAyIM ora ke stambha para saMvat 1129 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai| yaha inakI sthApanA kA samaya honA caahie| madhyavartI zRMkhalAoM ke Upara utkIrNa kIrti-mukhoM ke Upara ke koSThakoM meM se uttara kI ora AryikAe~ aMkita / inake Upara kI ora upadeza mudrA meM granthadhArI 78 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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AcArya paramapTI kA aMkana atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai (donoM stambhoM pr)| unake pAdapITa meM pIchI aura kamaNDalu bhI darzAye gaye haiN| upadeza zravaNa karate hue sAdhuoM ora AryikAoM kA aMkana vAyIM ora ke stambha para atyanta AkarSaka hai| donoM stambhoM para zeSa tInoM ora padmAsana meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA nayanAbhirAma aMkana hai| mandira saMkhyA 20 ke sAmane sthita golAkAra mAnastambha stambha saMkhyA 17 mApa sataha se cokI kI UMcAI 2 phaTa 2 iMca caukI se stambha kI UMcAI 9 phuTa 9 iMca stambha kI paridhi 5 phuTa 3 iMca vivaraNa yaha atyanta bhavya aura kalApUrNa stambha' guptayugIna sUkSma kalA kA smaraNa karAtA hai| isameM eka susajjita harmya kA dRzya utkIrNa hai| kIrtimukhoM aura mAlAoM kA atyanta sUkSmatA se aMkana huA hai| caukI se 5 phuTa 2 iMca kI U~cAI para stambha para caturdik devakulikAoM meM sarvatobhadra-mUrtiyA~ padmAsana meM utkIrNa haiN| ye devakalikAeM Upara kI ora zikhara kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI haiN| yahA~ upalabdha mAnastambhoM meM se ekamAtra yahI golAkAra hai| sampUrNa aMkana atyanta sUkSma tathA ramaNIya bana par3A hai| mandira saMkhyA 26 va 27 ke madhya meM sthita stambha stambha saMkhyA 18 mApa sataha se stambha kI UMcAI 4 phuTa 5 iMca stambha 16 phluu| vivaraNa isa stambha ke nicale hisse meM utkIrNa deva-kulikAoM meM dharaNendra-padmAvatI, ambikA Adi zAsana deva-deviyoM kA aMkana hai| isake Upara padmAvatI tathA vallariyoM 1. de.--citra saMkhyA / / smAraka :: 79

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ke kaTAva ke madhya kIrtimukhoM se / phuTa 6 iMca lambI ghaNTikAeM laTaka rahI haiN| kIrtimukhoM ke Upara caturdika eka-eka tIrthaMkara (padmAsana meM) devakalikAoM meM utkIrNa haiN| mandira saMkhyA 26, 28 va 30 ke madhya avasthita stambha stambha saMkhyA 19 mApa sataha se caukI kI U~cAI 1 phuTa caukI se stambha kI U~cAI 4 phuTa 8 iMca stambha catuSkoNa vivaraNa isa stambha' ke nimna bhAga meM devakulikAoM meM dharaNendra-padmAvatI, ambikA Adi yakSa-yakSiyA~ pradarzita haiN| isake pazcAt cAra-cAra kI pA~ca paMktiyoM meM pratyeka ora tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ padmAsana meM utkIrNa haiM aura chaThI paMkti meM cAra kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiN| 4 x 5 = 20 + 4 = 21 isa prakAra pratyeka ora caubIsI kA aMkana hai| isa stambha kA UparI bhAga khaNDita pratIta hotA hai| (da) prakIrNa sAmagrI mandiroM, laghu-mandiroM, mAnastambhoM Adi acala aura mUrtiyoM Adi cala sAmagrI ke atirikta devagar3ha meM prakIrNa sAmagrI bhI pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotI hai| mandiroM ke vibhinna pASANa-khaNDa aura khaNDita mUrtiyA~ adhityakA aura upatyakA para sarvatra bikharI par3I haiN| unameM kucha aisI sAmagrI bhI yadA-kadA dikha jAtI hai, jo kalA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se paryApta mahattvapUrNa hotI haiN| apane anusandhAna kAla meM, mujhe adhityakA para eka aisA sthAna milA hai, jahA~ baiThakara zilpakAra mUrtiyA~ Adi gar3hate the| isa sthAna ke nikaTa pattharoM kI eka khadAna 1. maM. saM. 28 ke citra (saMkhyA 32) meM dAyIM ora dekhA jA sakatA hai| 80 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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thI, jo ava bahakara AyI miTTI Adi se bhara gayI hai| vahA~ bahuta-sI anagar3ha mUrtiyA~ maujUda haiM, jo zilpakAra dvArA kisI kAraNavaza ardha-nirmita sthiti meM hI chor3a dI gayI hoNgii| ___eka-patthara-kI bAvar3I ke nikaTa, tAlAba ke kinAre aura grAma ke AsapAsa bhI mahattvapUrNa purAtattva sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai| devagar3ha se anyatra le jAyI gayI sAmagrI meM bhI kucha ke mahattvapUrNa hone kI sambhAvanA hai| dvAra (a) kuMjadvAra __parvata kI paridhi ko AvRta karanevAle prAcIna durga koTa kA pramukha-dvAra 'kuMja-dvAra' kahalAtA hai| yaha parvata zikhara ke pazcima kI ora sthita hai| vartamAna meM yaha jIrNa-zIrNa sthiti meM hai| yaha 19 phuTa U~cA aura 10 phuTa 6 iMca caur3A hai| isake donoM pAryoM meM prastara-nirmita do caukiyA~ haiM, tathA durga meM praveza karane hetu 1 phuTa 9 iMca caur3I tIna sIr3hiyA~ nirmita haiN| isa dvAra ke donoM ora 15 phuTa caur3A prAcIna durga kA prathama prAcIra hai| dvAra ke sAmane andara kI ora dhvasta-sthiti meM vidyamAna kucha dumaMjile nivAsagRha Aja bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| ina nivAsagRhoM ke dvAra apekSAkRta choTe haiN| kuMja-dvAra tathA usase saMyukta nivAsagRhoM meM pahu~cane het sopAna-mArga kI vyavasthA hai| isa dvAra kA toraNa atizaya kalApUrNa hai| pratIta hotA hai ki mUla-toraNa ke naSTa hone para mugalakAla meM isake toraNa kA punarnirmANa huA thaa| mukhya sar3aka chor3akara mandiroM taka pahu~cane ke lie isI dvAra meM se hokara jAnA par3atA hai| abhI kucha samaya pUrva kSetra aura zAsana ke sahayoga se mukhya sar3aka aura mandiroM ke bIca eka pakkA mArga nirmita kiyA gayA hai| yaha mArga isa dvAra meM se na jAkara usake dakSiNa meM lagabhaga 100 gaja kI dUrI se gayA hai| isa mArga ke nirmANa se jahA~ aneka lAbha hue haiM vahA~ eka hAni bhI huI hai ki durga ke anya dvAroM kI bhA~ti yaha dvAra bhI upekSita ho jaaegaa| (ba) hAthI daravAjA devagar3ha durga kI prathama prAcIra meM pUrva kI ora eka vizAla dvAra hai, jise smAraka:: 81

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'hAthI-daravAjA' kahate haiN| anumAna hai ki isa dvAra se hAthiyoM kA AvAgamana durga meM hotA thaa| betavA kA pravAha isake pArzva bhAga meM hone se yaha bhI sambhava hai ki hAthI isa dvAra se pAnI pIne le jAye jAte hoM ataH isakA nAma 'hAthI-daravAjA' par3A ho| isa vizAla dvAra ke Upara madhya meM lagabhaga 3 phuTa 4 iMca U~cA aura 3 phuTa caur3A eka gavAkSa hai| isakI upayogitA kA kevala anumAna hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| kadAcit usameM koI mUrti vidyamAna rahI ho| vaha mUrti yA to isa durga ke nirmAtA zAsaka kI ho yA usake iSTa-deva kii| vartamAna meM mAtra gavAkSa avaziSTa hai| isa dvAra meM bhItara kI ora bAyeM pakSa para 8 phuTa kI U~cAI para 1 phuTa 7 iMca lambA, 1 phuTa 7 iMca caur3A aura 2 phuTa 4 iMca U~cA eka zilApaTTa samAviSTa hai, jisameM bhItara kI ora upAdhyAya parameSThI kA aMkana hai, jinake hAtha kI pothI kA khaNDita aMza darzanIya hai| unake donoM ora eka-eka sAdhu aMjalivaddha kAyotsargAsana meM utkIrNa haiM, ina donoM ke hAthoM meM pIchI spaSTa dekhI jA sakatI hai| upAdhyAya ke ThIka Upara padmAsana meM eka tIrthaMkara aura unake bhI donoM ora kAyotsargAsana meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara (sabhI bahuta choTI AkRti meM) pradarzita haiN| tIrthaMkara kA parikara yahA~ avazya rahA hogA, jise bahuta hI mahattva kA mAnA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki vartamAna sthiti se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa parikara ko kisI mUrti-bhaMjaka ne sUkSmatA ke sAtha kATa liyA hai| isake pArzva meM pazcima kI hI bhA~ti eka stambhayukta devakulikA hai, isameM padmAsana meM eka tIrthaMkara mUrti darzanIya hai| isakA mukha-maNDala khaNDita hone para bhI dhyAna-mudrA ke dvArA zAnti bikhera rahA hai| isake kandhoM para jaTAe~ chiTakI huI haiN| lambA zrIvatsa isakA nirmANa kAla 12vIM zatI sUcita karatA hai| aSTa prAtihArya kA aMkana atyanta paripUrNa aura spaSTa bana par3A hai| devakulikA ke stambhoM ke UparI bhAga meM donoM ora stambha-zIrSa tathA nIce caukI para donoM ora padmAsana meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara kA aMkana hai| sambhAvanA hai ki yaha zilApaTTa jIrNoddhAra ke samaya kahIM se lAkara samAviSTa kara diyA gayA hai| yadi aisA hai to yaha kisI stambha yA mAnastambha kA zIrSa honA cAhie aura usa sthiti meM prAcIra meM cine hue isake do bAjuoM meM bhI isI prakAra kI do devakulikAe~ aura honA caahie| 'hAthI-daravAjA' ke bhItara dAyIM ora (bAyIM ora kI hI bhA~ti) sataha se 7 1. san 1917-18 I. meM bhI ise 'hAthI-daravAjA' kahA jAtA thaa| de.-DaoN. DI. vI. spUnara : e. Ara., e. esa. Ai., 1917-18, bhAga eka (kalakattA, 1920 I.), pR. 7 / 82 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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phuTa 8 iMca UMcAI para 1 phITa 3 iMca x 1 phuTa 3 iMca x 2 phuTa 4 iMca kA eka zilApaTTa samAviSTa hai| isameM sAmane kI ora eka catuSkoNa devakulikA meM saptaphaNAvali sahita pArzvanAtha kAyotsargAsana meM utkIrNa haiM, unakI pAdapITha ke donoM ora do-do AkRtiyA~ pradarzita haiM, ve prAyaH khaNDita haiN| unake Upara padmAsana meM eka tIrthakara mUrti aMkita hai| isa mUrti ke donoM ora ca~vara-DhoratI huI eka-eka AkRti upasthita dikhAI gayI hai|| zilApaTTa ke bhItara kI ora kI devakulikA meM aMkita dRzya bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai, kyoMki usameM eka yakSa-yugala kA aMkana hai, jisake pRSTha bhAga meM eka kamalanAla yA aisI hI kisI vastu para sthita catuSkoNa Asana para eka tIrthaMkara padmAsana meM avasthita haiN| yakSa lalitAsana (rAjalIlAsana) meM sthita hai, usake bAyeM hAtha meM eka zizu hai jo usake bAyeM paira para baiThA huA dikhAyA gayA hai, dAyeM hAtha meM koI phala yA mAtuliMga hai| usakI mekhalA kA aMkana sUkSma bana par3A hai, yajJopavIta spaSTa dIkha rahA hai, parantu usake sAtha hI dUsarI ora AdhI U~cAI para hI laTakane vAlI dUsarI lar3I usake yajJopavIta hone meM sandeha paidA kara detI hai| isake karNakuNDala aura galahAra atyanta sundara bana par3e haiN| keza-vinyAsa jaTA-jUTa kA AbhAsa detA hai| lalitAsana meM avasthita yakSI ke pairoM meM paijanI spaSTa dekhI jA sakatI hai| isake bhI dAyeM hAtha meM eka zizu hai jo dAyeM paira para baiThA hai, yaha zizu apane bAyeM hAtha se apanI mA~ ke bAyeM stana ko chU rahA hai| yaha zizu yakSa ke hAtha meM sthita zizu kI apekSA bar3A hai| yakSI ke dAyeM hAtha meM bhI mAtuliMga hai| isakI mekhalA atyanta sUkSmatA se aMkita kI gayI hai, trivalI meM se eka vali spaSTa dekhI jA sakatI hai, nAbhi kI gaharAI aura kaTi kI kSINatA bhI ullekhanIya hai| payodharoM kA ubhAra khajurAho kI kalA kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| mohanamAlA aura gale ke anya AbhUSaNa bahuta sundaratA se aMkita hue haiN| karNAbharaNa bhI sundara bana par3e haiN| mastaka kI jaTAe~ apanI vizeSatA rakhatI haiM, jinheM Upara kI ora sa~bhAlakara do jUToM meM lapeTA gayA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha aMkana samaya kI dRSTi se 10vIM zatI se pahale nahIM jA sktaa| tIrthaMkara kI mUrti ke donoM ora cAra-cAra bar3e pattoM kA alaMkaraNa hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se inheM sarpa ke phaNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Upara do chatra dikhAI dete haiN| isa devakulikA ke nIce bhI koI eka yA adhika mAnavAkRti rahI hai, jo vartamAna meM plAsTara se dabI hone se dekhI nahIM jA sktii| smAraka:: 83

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jainetara smAraka (a) ghATiyA~ devagar3ha durga meM parvata ke dakSiNa kI ora caTTAneM kATakara do ghATiyoM kA nirmANa huA hai : (1) nAharaghATI (pUrva meM), (2) rAjaghATI (pazcima meN)| (1) nAharaghATI-devagar3ha durga kI dakSiNI adhityakA para pUrva kI ora betavA ke pravAha taka pahu~cane ke lie eka sopAna mArga hai, use 'nAharaghATI' kahate haiN| yahA~ parvata ko kATakara lagabhaga 100 sIr3hiyA~ banAI gayI haiN| varSA kA pAnI inhIM para se bahatA hai| ataH ve anekazaH jIrNa-zIrNa ho gayI haiN| isa sopAna mArga ke bAjU meM caTTAnoM para aneka ullekhanIya mUrtiyA~ tathA abhilekha utkIrNa haiN| yahA~ para dasa phuTa lambI aura do phuTa U~cI eka devakulikA meM saptamAtRkAoM kI sundara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| inake prArambha meM ziva tathA anta meM gaNeza kA aMkana hai| ziva ke pazcAt caturmukha brAhmI kI mUrti padmAsana meM utkIrNa haiN| vaha apane bAyeM hAtha meM akSamAlA liye hai| isake uparAnta siMha para ArUr3ha pArvatI apanI goda meM gaNeza ko dhAraNa kiye hai| tIsarI mAtRkA mUrti garur3AsanI vaiSNavI kI hai| cauthI mUrti kubera kI patnI kaumArI kI hai, vaha manuSya para ArUr3ha hai| pA~cavIM mUrti vArAhI kI hai| chaThavIM aura sAtavIM mUrtiyA~ kramazaH gajAsanA indrANI tathA cAmuNDA kI haiN| isa devakulikA ke UparI bahirbhAga meM guptakAlIna brAhmI lipi meM sAta paMktiyoM kA eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai| usakI bhASA vizuddha sAhityika saMskRta hai| isameM gomilakA ke pautra tathA kezava ke putra svAmI bhaTTa ke dvArA saptamAtRkAoM ke nimitta eka avinazvara mandira ke nirmANa kA vivaraNa utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM ullikhita mandira saptamAtRkAoM kI mUrti sahita yahI devakulikA, jisake Upara yaha utkIrNa hai, honA cAhie; anya koI nhiiN| ___ isake atirikta isa ghATI kI anya deva-kulikAoM meM caturbhuja viSNu, sUrya, mahiSAsuramardinI tathA ekamukha ziva kI manohara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| isa ghATI meM do abhilekha aura bhI utkIrNa haiN| pahale meM canderI ke bundelA rAjAoM kA ullekha hai| yaha saMvat 1789 meM utkIrNa karAyA gayA thaa| isI samaya kA eka abhilekha siddha kI guphA meM bhI milatA hai| dUsarA abhilekha do paMktiyoM 1. inake lakSaNa tathA vistAra ke lie de.-bhuvanadevAcArya, aparAjitapRcchA (bar3audA 1950), pR. 574-575 / 84 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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meM hai| vaha bahuta aspaSTa ho gayA hai| prArambha ke kucha akSaroM ke atirikta kucha bhI par3hane meM nahIM aataa| (2) rAjaghATI-devagar3ha durga kI dakSiNI adhityakA para pazcimI ora bhI (pUrva kI hI bhA~ti) betavA ke pravAha taka pahu~cane ke lie eka sopAna mArga hai| ise rAjaghATI kahate haiN| yahA~ kI sIr3hiyA~ nAharaghATI kI apekSA adhika caur3I aura acchI sthiti isa ghATI meM prAgaitihAsika citra, aitihAsika mahattva ke abhilekha tathA aneka mUrtiyA~ caTTAnoM para utkIrNa haiN| yahA~ parvata ko kATakara taiyAra kI gayI eka mahattvapUrNa guphA hai| isake praveza-dvAra kI U~cAI cAra phuTa sAr3he gyAraha iMca, caur3AI nicale bhAga meM do phuTa pA~ca iMca tathA madhya bhAga se Upara tIna phuTa chaH iMca hai| yaha guphA pA~ca phuTa dasa iMca lambI, cAra phuTa gyAraha iMca caur3I tathA itanI hI U~cI hai| isake praveza-dvAra ke bAyeM pakSa para do abhilekha utkIrNa haiN| pahalA tIna paMktiyoM meM hai, jise saMvat 1121 meM caitra sudI 15 guruvAra ko utkIrNa karAyA gayA thaa| isase do iMca Upara chaha paMktiyoM kA dUsarA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| usameM phAlguna sudI 10 candravAra saMvat 1549 kA ullekha huA hai| isakI antima sAr3he tIna paMktiyA~ aba itanI aspaSTa aura TUTI huI haiM ki par3hane meM nahIM aatiiN| guphA kI bhItarI bAyIM bhitti para sindUrI raMga se eka gatizIla hAthI kA citra aMkita hai| usa para baiThA mahAvata hAtha meM aMkuza liye hai| hAthI kA palAna tathA sImA rekhAe~ kAle raMga se citrita haiN| usake Upara eka caukhaTe meM lahariyAdAra rekhAe~ banI huI haiN| isI ke bIca meM do rekhAkRtiyA~ aura bhI dikhAI gayI haiN| isake dAyIM ora eka Ter3hA-mer3hA caukhaTA aura ubhArA gayA hai, jisakI madhyavartI rekhAkRtiyA~ aba aspaSTa ho gayI haiN| usake bAjU meM kisI pakSI-kadAcit murge kA rekhAcitra banA huA hai| isI se saTe hue eka anya caukhaTe meM lahariyAdAra rekhAe~ darzAyI gayI haiN| sAmane kI bhitti para sindUrI raMga meM kucha citra aMkita haiN| ve aba bahuta adhika aspaSTa ho gaye haiN| unake Upara gahare sindUrI raMga meM eka vakra catuSkoNa rekhAkRti hai| prAyaH aisI hI tIna rekhAkRtiyA~ dAyIM bhitti para bhI citrita haiN| isI guphA ke bagala meM vaha mahattvapUrNa aitihAsika abhilekha utkIrNa hai jise saMvat 1154 (1097 I.) meM candelavaMzI zAsaka kIrtivarmana ke mantrI vatsarAja ne utkIrNa karAyA thA aura jisake nAma para isa sthAna kI prasiddhi kIrtigiri nAma se huii| 1. abhilekha ke lie de.-pariziSTa do. abhilekha kra. do| smAraka :: 85

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isa abhilekha se nIce (betavA) kI ora aneka devakalikAoM meM vibhinna deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM, jinameM se caturbhuja viSNu, sUrya, lakSmI, gaMgA-yamunA, zivaliMga aura saptamAtRkAe~ vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ khaNDita ho gayI haiM aura kucha ko kATakara le jAyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| isa ghATI meM do laghu guphAe~ aura bhI haiM, jo tapasyA meM sahAyaka rahI hoNgii| (ba) siddha kI guphA devagar3ha durga meM adhityakA ke dakSiNI kinAre eka guphA hai, jise 'siddha kI guphA' kahate haiN| yaha parvata kATakara taiyAra kI gayI hai| isakA mArga pahAr3I para se sIr3hiyoM dvArA nIce jAtA hai| isake tIna dvAra haiN| do stambhoM para chata bhI avasthita isa guphA meM aneka abhilekha utkIrNa haiN| unameM sabase prAcIna abhilekha saMvat 609 (552 I.) kA hai| guptakAlIna isa abhilekha meM sUryavaMzI svAmI bhaTTa kA ullekha huA hai| isI guphA ke eka anya abhilekha meM ullekha hai ki rAjA vIra ne saMvat 1342 meM kurAra ko jItA thaa| isameM aMkita kucha abhilekhoM se rAjavIroM ke itihAsa para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| saMvat 1789 ke dasa paMktiyoM ke abhilekha meM canderI ke paravartI bundelA saradAra mahArAjAdhirAja devIsiMha tathA usake pautra durgAsiMha kA varNana hai| isI meM rAjA udeta siMha, chatrasAla, kuzalasiMha aura tejasiMha kA caritra bhI varNita hai| __ saMvat 1808 ke abhilekha meM anUpasiMha, bahAdura aura harIsiMha Adi kA ullekha huA hai| anumAna hai ki yaha guphA siddha-sAdhakoM kI sAdhanA-sthalI rahI hogii| (sa) varAha mandira devagar3ha durga meM adhityakA ke dakSiNI-pazcimI kone para eka vizAla mandira ke avazeSa vidyamAna haiN| yadyapi mandira dhvasta ho gayA hai parantu usakA adhiSThAna surakSita hai| yaha adhiSThAna sataha se prAyaH sAta phuTa U~cA hai| vizAla Amalaka, aneka stambha evaM anya sAmagrI isI ke nikaTa par3I huI hai| DaoN. DI. bI. spUnara aura rAyabahAdura dayArAma sAhanI' jinhoMne ki usa samaya 1. e. esa. Ai. : enuala riporTa, 1917-18, bhAga 1, pR. 7 / 2. enuala progresa riporTa, 1918, pR. 8 / 86 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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isa mandira ko AcchAdita kiye hue saghana vana kI saphAI karAyI, vizAla vRkSoM ko kaTavAyA tathA utkhanana aura sarvekSaNa kArya sampanna karAyA, ke matAnusAra isakA vartamAna adhiSThAna mandira ke jIvanakAla meM hI kama se kama do bAra bana cukA thaa| isa mandira kA nirmANa yahA~ ke dazAvatAra mandira ke pazcAt huaa| upalabdha zilpa-vaibhava, mUrtiyoM tathA anya sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yaha niHsandeha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha dazAvatAra mandira kA anukaraNa thaa| zrI haragrIbja, DaoN. spUnara aura zrI sAhanI kA bhI yahI mata hai| isa mandira ke vidhvaMsa-kAla ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| tathApi yaha nizcita hai ki saMvat 1550 taka yaha mandira acchI sthiti meM thA kyoMki isI mandira ke garbhagRha kI dIvAroM meM saMvat 1550 ke do abhilekha nAgarI lipi meM utkIrNa, prApta hue haiN| mandira ke nirmANa meM lAla-baluA patthara kA upayoga huA hai| praveza-dvAra atyanta choTA hai| isakI U~cAI cAra phuTa aura caur3AI kula satraha iMca hai| itane choTe praveza-dvAra se prAcIna bhArata kI kadAcit isa mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai ki mandira meM iSTa devatA ke samakSa upasthita hone ke pUrva hI darzanArthI ko vinamra honA caahie| pUrvAbhimukha isa mandira kI mukhyamUrti bhagavAn viSNu ke varAhAvatAra kI hai| yadyapi vaha khaNDita hai tathApi apane samRddha kalAvaibhava aura AkarSaka bhavya rUpa ko abhivyakta karatI hai| varAhAvatAra kA sampUrNa dRzya apane parikara ke sAtha atyanta kuzalatA se utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha mUrti isake 'varAha mandira' nAma ko sArthaka karatI hai| ___ mukhya mUrti ke pIche Tike hue zilApaTTa para 'gajendra mokSa' kA dRzya atyanta sundaratA se aMkita hai| isake nikaTa hI eka anya zilApaTTa para himAlaya para tapasyArata nara-nArAyaNa kI atyanta manorama mUrti vidyamAna hai| dakSiNa meM Tike hue eka zilApaTTa para zeSazAyI viSNu kA prabhAvotpAdaka aMkana hai| isI ke nikaTa eka anya zilApaTTa para pA~ca pANDava tathA draupadI kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| uttara meM vidyamAna eka zilApaTTa para cakra, gadA Adi upakaraNoM se vibhUSita bhagavAn viSNu kI eka sundara mUrti kA aMkana huA hai| (da) dazAvatAra mandira devagar3ha ke jainetara smArakoM meM sarvottama kRti 'dazAvatAra mandira' hai| parvata kI pazcimI upatyakA para grAma ke uttara meM sthita isa guptakAlIna khaNDita mandira ko smAraka :: 87

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guptA-mandira' aura sAgara-maTha' bhI kahate haiN| __ adhiSThAna para mandira nau vargoM meM vibhakta thA jinake madhya garbhagRha thaa| adhiSThAna, jisakA utkhanana rAya bahAdura dayArAma sAhanI ne karAyA, ke pratyeka kone para eka vargAkRti mandira thaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki madhya bhAga (garbhagRha) sahita dazAvatAra mandira uttara bhArata meM pracalita paMcAyatana zailI kA sabase prAcIna mandira hai| adhiSThAna aba adhikAMzataH naSTa ho cukA hai| usa para sIr3hiyoM se pahu~cA jAtA hai| 55 phuTa 6 iMca ke isa adhiSThAna ke pratyeka kone para gyAraha phuTa ke vargAkAra mandira the jinake aba avazeSa bhI upalabdha nahIM haiN| garbhagRha aThAraha phuTa chaha iMca vargAkAra hai| pazcima kI ora praveza dvAra aura zeSa tInoM ora eka-eka caur3A mUrti-paTTa hai jo eka gaharI devakulikA meM jar3A hai| garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra kI caukhaTa (11 phuTa 2 iMca x 10 phuTa 9 iMca) ke cAra mUrtikhacita pahalU haiN| aura sabase Upara diye hue siMhamukha inake atirikta haiN| pratyeka pahalU para nIce eka khar3I huI mUrti hai| prathama paMkti meM mukhya bAta jo lakSya kI jAnI cAhie vaha yaha hai ki nacanA kI taraha gaMgA-yamunA kA sthAna yahA~ bhI dvAra ke siradala para bar3e abhinandanIya DhaMga se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| patrAvalI tathA vallariyoM kI sajjA meM se ubharate hue makara aura kumbha apanI svAbhAvika suSamA ko ghoSita kara rahe haiN| yahA~ gaMgA-yamunA kI sAnupAta sundara mUrtiyA~ chatra ke nIce dikhAI gayI haiN| vallariyoM vAlI yaha sajjA-paMkti apane AdhAra, nIce aMkita kIcakoM ke zira kA bhAra bana rahI hai| dvitIya sajjA paMkti kA prArambha karatI huI do sundara yakSI mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM, jinake ghuTane ke nIce taka dikhAyA gayA vastra, donoM bAhuoM para se jhUlatA uttarIya, bhAmaNDala ke AkAra kA keza-saMyojana, kuNDala, ratnahAra, mohanamAlA, bAjUbanda, valaya, kaTi, kiMkiNI aura pAyala sundaratA se yathAsthAna vibhUSita haiN| yahI veza-vinyAsa prAyaH sabhI yakSI mUrtiyoM aura gaMgA-yamunA kA bhI hai, kintu ina sabhI kI keza-sajjA vibhinna prakAra kI hai| tRtIya paMkti meM kevala nRtya karate hue yakSa aura gaNa aMkita haiM aura Upara kIrtimukhoM kA aMkana hai| caturtha paMkti kA prArambha eka sundara yakSa dampatI ke aMkana se huA hai| yaha yugma apane anindya saundarya, keza-sajjA aura vividha vastrAlaMkAroM ke kAraNa sacamuca hI advitIya bana par3A hai| isake Upara chaha koSThakoM meM kramazaH gaNoM aura kelirata 1. (a) kaniMghama : e. esa. Ara., ji. 10, pR. 105 / (ba) dayArAma sAhanI : e. pI. Ara., 1918, pR. 7 / 2. tAlAba ke kinAre kA maTha yA mndir| isa nAma kI prasiddhi sthAnIya stara para hai| 88 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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dampatiyoM kA aMkana huA hai| kintu yaha aMkana bhI ziSTatA kI sImA ke bhItara puruSa kI nArI ke prati sahaja AkarSaNa-bhAvanA ko mAnoM maryAdA ke sAtha ubhAratA hai| siradala para hAtha meM mAlAe~ aura puSpa-gucchaka dhAraNa kiye, ur3ate hue vidyAdhara-yugaloM kI paMkti ke madhya 'zeSa-kuNDalI' para lalitAsana virAjamAna caturbhuja viSNu kI mUrti lalATa-bimba ke sthAna para utkIrNa hai| inhIM ke lie isa bhavya maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| antima sajjA jo isa dvAra kI zobhA ko kaI gunA bar3hA detI hai, vaha sahaja aura sIdhe belabUToM se banAI gayI hai, parantu usa para keli karate hue bAlaka bahuta sundara haiN| sabhI aMkana paramparA aura guptakAlIna kalA-samRddhi ke anurUpa haiN| isa mandira kI uttarI devakulikA meM gajendra mokSa kI kathA kA aMkana hai| pUrvI devakulikA meM nara aura nArAyaNa kI tapasyA tathA dakSiNI meM zeSazAyI viSNu ke bahuta sundara aura prabhAvotpAdaka Alekhana haiN| garbhagRha meM aba koI mUrti nahIM hai| uttara bhArata meM pASANa-nirmita zikhara kA prAcIna namUnA kevala eka milatA hai, aura vaha hai devagar3ha kA dazAvatAra mndir| pratIta hotA hai ki yaha mandira sIdhI rekhAoM se nirmita pirAmiDa ke samAna thA, jisakI medhiyA~ kramazaH choTI hotI gayI thiiN| dvAra-stambha para zikhara kI pratikRti aba bhI avaziSTa hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki konoM para tathA zikhara para Amalaka banAye gaye the| vastutaH yahA~ guptakAlIna zikhara kA vaha rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai jo kramazaH pirAmiDa kI AkRti kA, aNDAkAra, adhika vikasita tathA alaMkRta hotA gyaa| devagar3ha ke hI zAsakIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita avazeSoM se isa mandira ke adhiSThAna kI bhavyatA kA AbhAsa hotA hai| ina avazeSoM meM-ahalyA uddhAra, vana-gamana, agastyAzrama meM rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA kA jAnA, zUrpaNakhA kANDa, vAli-sugrIva yuddha, lakSmaNa tathA sugrIva kA punarmilana, hanumAn dvArA saMjIvanI bUTI kA lAyA jAnA Adi ke aMkanavAle zilApaTTa mukhya haiN| kRSNajanma, nanda-yazodA dvArA baladeva aura kRSNa ko khilAnA, zakaTa lIlA, vAmanAvatAra Adi ke dRzya bhI kucha avazeSoM para utkIrNa haiN| dazAvatAra mandira ke sandarbha meM usake sahodara jaina maM. saM. 15 (citra saMkhyA 26) kA ullekha anivArya hai| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, isakA preraNAsrota vaha yA usakA preraNAsrota yaha rahA hai| (i) satI-stambha devagar3ha ke madhyakAlIna samAja meM satI prathA pracalita thii| isake pramANa karIba bIsa stambha aba bhI vartamAna grAma ke nikaTa yatra-tatra vidyamAna haiN| smAraka::89

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ina stambhoM ko 'satI kA caurA' kahA jAtA hai| aise stambhoM para sUrya aura candramA ke madhya meM hAtha kA agrabhAga (paMjA) aMkita hai tathA nAgarI lipi meM sambandhita abhilekha bhI utkIrNa haiN| kucha satI-stambhoM ke sthApanA-kAla isa prakAra haiM-saMvat 1670, 1686, 1688, 1692, 1695, 1709, 1710, 1716, 1731, 1732, 18....., 18761 upasaMhAra isa adhyAya meM vivecita smArakoM ke sarvekSaNa se kucha mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa nikalate haiM : 1. lagabhaga solaha sau varSoM kI dIrgha avadhi meM nirmita hote rahane se ina smArakoM kI vinyAsa-rekhA Adi meM samAnatA nahIM A sakI hai| usakA sthitikrama bhI kisI sarala yA suniyojita rekhA meM nahIM hai| 2. isI prakAra unake aMgoM aura upAMgoM kI saMracanA meM bhI kisI nizcita siddhAnta kA nirvAha nahIM ho sakA hai| 3. kucha mandira, zAstrIya vidhAna ke viruddha dakSiNa-mukha bhI haiN| 4. aise smAraka gine-cune hI avaziSTa haiM jinakA maulika tathA sampUrNa rUpa aba bhI vidyamAna hai| 5. kucha smAraka pUrNarUpeNa bhUmisAt ho gaye haiM, kevala bhagna adhiSThAna Adi se hI unake astitva kA anumAna hotA hai| 6. kucha smAraka aMzataH dhvasta hue haiM jinameM mandira saMkhyA tIna ullekhanIya hai jisake do taloM meM se eka hI avaziSTa hai| 7. jIrNoddhAra yahA~ kaI bAra huA hai para santoSa kI bAta yaha hai ki jIrNoddhAra-kartAoM ne smArakoM kI maulikatA ko surakSita rakhane kI ora paryApta dhyAna diyA hai| yaha avazya hai ki unhoMne pUrNataH dhvasta smArakoM kI sAmagrI kA upayoga anya smArakoM ke jIrNoddhAra meM kara liyA hai| 8. sUkSma sarvekSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki mAnastambha jaise kucha smAraka sthAnAntarita bhI kiye gaye haiN| 9. kucha smAraka bhaTTArakoM ke nivAsa aura samAdhi ke rUpa meM bhI nirmita hue the jinheM kAlAntara meM mandiroM kA rUpa de diyA gyaa| 10. prastuta sarvekSaNa meM yaha smaraNIya hai ki paimAiza kA kArya sarvaprathama kiyA gayA hai| zrI kaniMghama ne kucha mandiroM kI paimAiza kI thI, para usameM kahIM-kahIM truTiyA~ pAyI gayI haiN| zrI sAhanI ke nirdezana meM bhI kucha sarvekSaNa huA thA, para vaha nagaNya 90 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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sthApatya 1. mandira-vAstu kA udbhava (a) sumeru : mandira-sthApatya kA AdhAra srota bhArata dharmapradhAna deza hai| dhArmika tRpti ke lie apanAye gaye sAdhanoM meM abhISTa deva ke nivAsa kI kalpanA bhI thii| sumeru ke nAma se eka aise parvata kI kalpanA kI gayI, jo laukika parvatoM se AkAra-prakAra meM sarvathA bhinna thaa| sumeru para svargIya suvidhAe~ aura vAtAvaraNa thaa| usake bIca abhISTa deva kA nivAsa thaa| parantu bhakta apane vartamAna janma meM vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM sakatA thA jabaki use apane upAsya kA darzana kSaNa-kSaNa anivArya pratIta hotA gyaa| ataH usane svayaM sumeru kI racanA karane kI ThAnI, jisa para avatIrNa hokara usakA upAsya virAjamAna hotaa| sumeru' kI kalpanA ke sAtha hI mandira sthApatya kA upakrama huaa| 1. sumeru kI pahacAna ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke aneka mata haiN| sumeru eka aisA viziSTa parvata hai, jahA~ se parvata zreNiyA~ nikalakara cAroM dizAoM meM phailatI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa aneka vidvAnoM ne ise pAmIra parvata kA hI pratinidhi mAnA hai| aneka vidvAn isakA abhijJAna himAlaya kI vibhinna coTiyoM se karate haiN| kintu DaoN. Ara. jI. harSe isakI sthiti alatAI parvata ke kSetra meM mAnate haiM, (meru homaleNDa oNpha dI AriyaMsa, vizvezvarAnanda bhArata-bhAratI (hoziyArapura, 1974), lekhamAlA 109) / yaha alatAI parvata-zreNI eziyA ke mAnacitra meM pazcimI sAiberiyA tathA maMgoliyA meM sthita hai| DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya pazcimI sAiberiyA meM sthita alatAI parvata ko sumeru mAnate pratIta hote haiM (purANa vimarza (banArasa, 1965), pR. 320) / pro. saiyada mujaphphara alI ne aneka takoM ora pramANoM ke sAtha madhya eziyA meM sthita pAmIra parvata ko sumeru pramANita kiyA hai (dI jAgraphI Apha dI purANas (nayI dillI, 1966), pR. 47-52 tathA AkRti 2 aura 4) / sthApatya :: 91

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(ba) kailAsa : zikhara-saMracanA kA preraka bhakta jAnate the ki unakA eka upAsya deva kailAsa para bhI nivAsa karatA hai| usa taka pahuMcane meM asamartha bhaktoM ne kailAsa kI bhI racanA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| yaha parikalpanA bhI mandira-sthApatya kA sUtrapAta kahI jA sakatI hai| sumeru aura kailAsa kI anukRtiyoM kA eka mukhya aMga zikhara bhI mAnA gyaa| prAcIna bhArata meM ise vizeSa mAnyatA dI gyii| (sa) mudrAoM para aMkita mandira AkRtiyA~ I. pU. 5vIM-4thI zatI ke sikkoM para bhI zikharAkRtiyA~ aMkita milatI haiN| kucha Ahata mudrAoM para mandiroM kA prArambhika rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| I. pU. dvitIya tathA prathama zatI kI mudrAoM ke atirikta aneka mUrtiyoM para bhI mandira-AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gayI thiiN| (da) vedikAoM para aMkita mandira AkRtiyA~ mathurA kI vedikAoM para aMkita mandirAkRtiyoM se uttara bhArata ke mandiroM ke prArambhika rUpa kA jJAna hotA hai| (i) prAcIna mandira-sthApatya kI do vizeSatAe~ I. pa. dvitIya-prathama zatAbdI ke mandiroM kI do vizeSatAe~ vedikA aura zikhara haiN| vedikA jise veSTanI (bAr3a) bhI kahate haiM, prArambha meM pavitra-vRkSoM ke cAroM ora banAyI jAtI thii| grAmoM aura nagaroM kI rakSA bhI veSTanI dvArA kI jAtI thI, jisakI saMjJA 'prAcIra' hii| mahAvIra kA jina yakSAyatanoM meM rukane kA ullekha milatA hai, ve kisI vRkSa ke nIce hote the aura unheM veSTanI dvArA pariveSTita kara diyA jAtA thaa| mandiroM kI chata para sAde zikhara kA nirmANa karake sumeru aura kailAza kI bhA~ti uccatA, ujjvalatA aura zAnti kI apUrva sRSTi kI jAtI thii| 1. draSTavya-elana : keTalAga oNpha kvAiMsa oNpha eMzyeNTa iNDiyA ina dI briTiza myujiyama (landana, ___1936), bhUmikA tathA pR. 297-306 / 2. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya kalA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra, sanmati sandeza (dillI, maI 1961), pR. 361 92 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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2. mandira - sthApatya kA vikAsa : aitihAsika dRSTi sthApatya ke rUpa meM mandiroM kA nirmANa kadAcit uttara bhArata meM sarvaprathama huaa| sAhitya meM aneka prAcIna ( IsavI pUrva 600 se bhI pahale ke) mandiroM ke ullekha mile haiN| mathurA, kAmpilya Adi meM pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra Adi ke mandira nirmita hue the, aisA anumAna katipaya sAhityika ullekhoM se hotA hai / mahAvIra se sau varSa pUrva mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle para kisI kuberA devI ne pArzvanAtha kA mandira banavAyA thaa| yaha pahale sone kA thA, bAda meM prastara - khaNDoM aura IMToM se AveSTita kara diyA gyaa| (a) maurya - zuMga - kAla maurya aura zuMga kAla kI mudrAoM Adi se prabala pramANa milate haiM ki usa samaya mandiroM kA nirmANa bar3I saMkhyA meM hotA thA / inameM bauddha-mandira jinapara caityavRkSa aMkita hotA thA, bahuta kama hote the aura jaina tathA vaidika apekSAkRta adhika / isa samaya ke mandiroM ke sAtha vATikA kA nirmANa bhI hotA thA / mandira kA nirmANa eka U~ce adhiSThAna para nirmita stambhoM para AdhArita chata banAkara hotA thA / chata prAyaH golAkAra hotI thI / gola AkAra kramazaH aNDAkAra meM pariNata hotA gayA / chata ke AkAra kA yaha parivartana tatkAlIna zaila-gRhoM meM bhI parilakSita hotA hai / barAbara kI lomaza RSi kI guphA aura udayagiri (ur3IsA) kI hAthIgumphA tathA ur3IsA kI aneka guphAoM kI chateM aNDAkAra hI haiN| cittaur3a ke pAsa bar3alI tathA madhyamikA 1. jinaprabhasUri : vividhatIrthakalpa : mathurApurIkalpa, 9-17 / 2. vahI / 3. (a) vahI / (va) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI bhAratIya purAtattva meM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha : ahiMsAvANI (varSa 13 aMka 8-9, agasta-sitambara, 1963), pR. 287 | ( sa ) jyotiprasAda jaina : jaina sAhitya meM mathurA : anekAnta, varSa 15, kiraNa 2, pR. 65-671 4. de. -- (a) henarica z2immara : dI ArTa oNpha iNDiyana eziyA, jilda 1 (nyUyArka, 1954), pR. 247 tathA AkRti e 3 vI (ba) beMjAmina rAleNDa : dI ArTa eNDa ArcITekcara oNpha iNDiyA buddhisTa hindU jaina ( vikToriyA, 1959 ) pR. 38 tathA phalaka 7, AkRti va / (sa) viseNTa e smitha : e hisTrI oNpha phAina ArTa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona, phalaka 8, AkRti ba / (da) dI eja oNpha impIriyala kannauja (bambaI, 1960), phalaka 7, AkRti 13 | 5. de. - (a) henarica z2immara vahI, phalaka 58, AkRti va / (va) luisa phreDarika : iNDiyana Tempalsa aiNDa skalpacara de. - ( landana, 1959), pR. 57 tathA AkRti 50 | 6. de. - (a) henarica z2immara : vahI, phalaka 46, 52, 56 57 tathA 58 (va) luisa phreDarika : vahI, pR. 57, AkRti 52, 53 aadi| (sa) viMseNTa e. smitha : vahI, phalaka 24 / sthApatya :: 93

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nagarI meM vAsudeva ke mandira (maurya - zuMga kAla ) banAye gye| inameM se eka ke sAtha nArAyaNa nAma kI vATikA bhI nirmita huI thii| kucha samaya pUrva vidizA meM kI gayI khudAI se I. pU. 200 meM nirmita viSNumandira ke avazeSa prApta hue haiN| isa mandira ke sAmane yUnAnI rAjA antalikita ke rAjadUta heliyodara ne garuDadhvaja kI sthApanA karAyI thI / (ba) zaka - sAtavAhana kAla zaka- sAtavAhana kAla (I. pU. 100 se 200 I.) meM mandiroM kA nirmANa aura bhI adhika saMkhyA meM huA / isa samaya ke audumbara, kuNinda aura ArjunAyana gaNoM kI mudrAoM para jisa prakAra devoM kA vizeSa cihna banAyA jAtA thA usI prakAra kA cihna mandiroM, unake stambhoM tathA dhvajAoM para bhI banAyA jAne lagA / udAharaNa ke lie jaina mandiroM meM tIrthaMkara kI mUrti aura zaiva mandiroM meM trizUla tathA parazu ke cihna utkIrNa hue| isa kAla meM pradakSiNA - patha kA nirmANa vizeSa rUpa se pracalita huA / pradakSiNApatha prAyaH kASThanirmita veSTanI ke rUpa meM nirmita hote the, jinheM kuSANa- zAsakoM ne pASANa se nirmita kara prazasta rUpa diyA / (sa) kuSANakAla kuSANa zAsakoM ne mandiroM ke sAtha hI sAtha devakuloM ko bhI bahuta mahattva diyA / devakula vaha bhavana hotA thA, jisameM mRta rAjA kI mUrti pratiSThApita hotI thii| isa prakAra eka hI devakula meM aneka paramparAgata rAjAoM kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita ho jAyA karatI thIM / kuSANa kAla meM mathurA, ahicchatrA, kauzAmbI, kAmpilya aura hastinApura acche jaina - kendra mAne jAte the / uttara pradeza, bihAra aura ur3IsA meM bhI jaina dharma ke prArambhika kendra the / yahA~ aneka jaina mandira nirmita hue the / (da) guptakAla guptakAla (I. cauthI se chaThI zatI) se pUrva nirmita prAcInatama upalabdha mandira 1. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya saMskRti meM madhyapradeza kA yoga (ilAhAbAda, 1967), pR. 1241 : 2. vistAra ke lie de. - bI. ena. lUniyA prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ( AgarA, 1966), pR. 5651 3. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI kalA kA itihAsa, hindI sAhitya, jilda do (prayAga), 1962 I., pR. 228 / 94 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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(saMkhyA 17) sAMcI meM hai|' isake pUrva kA koI smAraka pUrNa rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM huA hai| guptakAlIna mandira bhItaragA~va, devagar3ha, eraNa, nacanA, bhumarA, U~ceharA, tigavA~, mar3hiyA (rIThI), sA~cI Adi sthAnoM meM upalabdha hue haiN| isa kAla meM miTTI aura lakar3I Adi asthAyI mAdhyamoM ke sthAna para IMTa aura patthara ke sthAyI mAdhyama svIkAra kiye gye| mandiroM meM saundarya kI ora adhika dhyAna diyA gyaa| dvArastambhoM ko maMgalaghaTa, kalpavRkSa, yugala-chavi aura patrAvalI Adi ke dvArA alaMkRta kiyA jAne lgaa| gaMgA-yamunA ke aMkana kA vyApaka pracAra bhI isI samaya huaa| toraNa ke madhya, mandira se sambaddha deva kI mUrti utkIrNa kI jAne lgii| garbhagRha kI chata bhItara se sapATa hotI thI aura usake Upara laghu-zikhara kA nirmANa hotA thaa| devagar3ha, bhItaragA~va aura sA~cI meM guptakAlIna zikhara kA avikasita rUpa darzanIya hai| isa kAla ke uttarArdha meM mandira sthApatya paryApta vikasita ho gyaa| zikhara kA rUpa itanA parivartita aura viziSTa ho gayA ki vaha gurjara-pratihArakAlIna tathA candelakAlIna zikhara kA pUrvarUpa pratIta hotA hai| bAhya bhittiyoM para mUrtiyoM Adi ke aMkana tathA pradakSiNA-patha kA alaMkaraNa bhI prArambha huaa| sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi isa yuga ke mandira kI yaha thI ki usake sAtha maNDapa bhI nirmita hone lgaa|' yaha maNDapa praveza-dvAra ke sAmane stambhoM para AdhArita chata ke rUpa meM milatA hai| nacanA Adi ke kucha mandiroM meM vibhinna devoM, yakSoM, gandharvo aura apsarAoM tathA ardhamAnavAkRti kinnara evaM suparNa Adi ke aMkana bhI uttara guptakAla kI vizeSatA hai| (i) guptottara kAla aura usakI cAra zailiyA~ vivecyakAla (I. 600 ke pazcAt) meM, uttara-bhArata meM 'nAgara zailI' kA vizeSa rUpa se utthAna huaa| zikhara ke alaMkaraNa para adhikAdhika bala diyA gyaa| parantu mandira-sthApatya ke zeSa sabhI tattva kiMcit parivartana ke sAtha vahI calate rahe, jo 1. sara jaoNna mArzala Adi : dI mAnumeNTsa oNpha sA~cI, jilda eka, pR. 57 tathA jilda tIna, phalaka (NIVI (va) e. ke. kumArasvAmI : hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana ArTa (lipajiga, 1926 I.), pR. 78 tathA AkRti 15 / / (sa) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya saMskRti meM madhya pradeza kA yoga, pR. 1061 2. vI. ena. lUniyA : prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti, pR. 642 / 3. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya saMskRti meM madhya pradeza kA yoga, pR. 126-271 4. (a) vI. ena. lUniyA : prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti, pR. 643 / (ba) DaoN. satyanArAyaNa dube : prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa (AgarA, 1967 I.), pR. 266 / sthApatya :: 95

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guptakAla meM the| jo parivartana hue unase mandiroM kI cAra bhinna-bhinna zailiyA~ pravartita huIM : (1) gurjarapratihAra zailI, (2) kalacuri zailI, (3) candela zailI aura (4) kacchapaghAta shailii| (1) gurjara-pratihAra zailI __isa zailI ke mandiroM ko golAkAra 'pUrNabhadra' kahA jAtA hai| kucha mandira 16 kalAoM ke kAraNa 'SoDazabhadra' bhI kahe jAte haiN| ina mandiroM ke avayavoM kA varNana paravartI vAstuzAstroM meM kiyA gayA hai| sAdhAraNataH pratyeka mandira ke ATha aMga hote haiM : adhiSThAna, vedibandha, antarapatra, jaMghA, varaNDikA, zukanAsikA, kaNTa aura zikhara / zikhara ke tIna bhAga hote haiM, Amalaka, AmalikA aura klsh| mandira ke bhItara garbhagRha aura sAmane eka maNDapa banatA thaa| maNDapa eka hI hotA thaa| stambhoM para Upara kI ora ghaTapallava kI racanA milatI hai| anya alaMkaraNoM meM khajUra-patrAvali aura kamala Adi mukhya the, jinheM jagatI ke cAroM ora aMkita kiyA jAtA thaa| kumuda bhI cAroM ora banatA thaa| mattavAraNa aura vasantapaTTikA ke aMkana bhI hote the| bahirbhittiyoM para mUrtiyoM kA alaMkaraNa guptakAla kI apekSA kucha adhika aura kalacuriyoM tathA candeloM kI apekSA kucha kama kiyA jAtA thaa| dvAra ke alaMkaraNa meM ghaTapallava, haMsa, kIrtimukha aura gaMgA-yamunA ke aMkana guptakAla kI hI bhA~ti calate rhe| dvAroM para ghaTapallavoM kA aMkana itanA Avazyaka aura vyApaka thA ki baruvAsAgara, mar3hakherA (TIkamagar3ha), devagar3ha aura kannauja Adi ke mandiroM ke dvAroM kI saMjJA ghaTapallava rUr3ha ho gyii| (2) kalacuri zailI kalacuri zAsakoM ne mandira-vAstu meM jina tattvoM ko grahaNa kiyA, unameM se adhikAMza gurjara-pratihAra tattva haiN| inhoMne bhI bahirbhAga meM alaMkaraNa ko pradhAnatA dI, parantu gupta aura gurjara-pratihAra zAsaka prAkRtika dRzyoM ko adhika mahattva dete the| jabaki inhoMne mAnavAkRtiyoM, gaNoM aura upagaNoM Adi ko adhika pradhAnatA dii| inhoMne unakI apekSA dvAra ke alaMkaraNa para bhI adhika bala diyaa| 1. vibhaktitalacchandAnAmUrdhvamAnaM vishesstH| prayuktA vividhAzchandA vAstuvedasamudbhavAH // bhakte viMzatidhA kSetre tribhAgaH krnnvistrH| tatsamazca pratiratho vistare nirgame tathA // bhAgA nandI ca SaDbhadraM dvibhAgo bhadranirgamaH / caturbhAgA bhaved bhittiH zeSaM garbhagRhaM bhavet // karNe dvizRMgaM tilakaM zikharaM sUryavistaram / rathaikazRMgaM tilakamaSTAMzA corumaJjarI // nandikAyAM ca tilakamaraHzRMgaM ssddNshkm| rathodgamastato bhadre pUrNabhadrasya lakSaNam // dekhie-bhuvanadevAcArya : aparAjitapRcchA, a. 164, zloka (5-10 | 96 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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'sapta zAkhA dvAroM' kA sUtrapAta isI samaya se huaa| aise dvAroM ke toraNa para sAta paTTikAe~ hotI haiM, jinapara kramazaH nAga, rUpa, vyAla ( zArdUla), mithuna, navagraha, dikpAla aura kamala - kalaza (nIce-Upara) ke aMkana kiye jAte the| aise dvAra nauhaTA (damoha), binekA (sAgara), pAlI, tripurI, amarakaNTaka, sohAgapura, siMhapura (zahaDola), ratanapura ( vilAsapura), jAMjagIra, kharoda ( vilAsapura) aura zivarInArAyaNa (vilAsapura ) Adi meM darzanIya haiN| isa zailI meM zikhara kI U~cAI bahuta hotI gayI / sohAgapura meM zikhara Upara kI ora apekSAkRta adhika patalA hotA gayA hai| vaiSNava, zaiva aura jaina mandiroM kI nirmANa-vidhi meM koI antara nahIM hotA thA aura siMhapura (zahaDola), gyArasapura, dUdhaI, cA~dapura, serona, kArItalAI, bilaharI, paThArI (vidizA), Una ( bar3avAnI), bar3agA~va, khajurAho Adi sthAnoM para ukta tInoM sampradAyoM ke mandira pAsa-pAsa aura eka hI prakAra ke haiN| isa zailI kI sabase bar3I dena hai, 'paMcAyatana' zailI kA prArambha / maNDapa to gurjara-pratihAroM ke samaya se hI banatA AyA thA, isa samaya ardhamaNDapa aura banAyA jAne lagA jisase mandira ke pA~ca bhAgoM (AyatanoM) kI pUrti ho gayI / (3) candela zailI candela kAla meM paMcAyatana - mandiroM kA paryApta vikAsa huaa| zikhara zailI bhI isa kAla meM apane utkRSTa rUpa ko prApta huI / alaMkaraNoM ke antargata mUrtiyoM kA bAhulya ullekhanIya hai / kalacuri kAla kI bhA~ti isa kAla meM bhI vaiSNava, zaiva aura jaina mandira eka-dUsare ke samAna aura pAsa-pAsa nirmita hue / dharma para kaula - kApAlikoM kA prabhAva bar3hA / ataH rati-citroM kA Adhikya, apsarAoM kA vividha mudrAoM meM Alekhana aura yugma - chaviyoM ke aMkana meM vRddhi huI / isake viparIta kalacuri zAsakoM ke samaya mattamayUra zAkhA ke sAdhuoM kA prabhAva bar3hA, jo naitika pakSa para adhika bala dete the / isIlie usa samaya aisI mUrtiyA~ adhika nahIM banIM / kaula - kApAlika Adi vAmamArgI zaiva sAdhuoM ke lie maThoM kA nirmANa mandiroM ke samIpa hI hotA thA / gurgI, candreha Adi meM prApta maThoM ke kaI tala ( maMjila ) haiM / ina sAdhuoM kA jIvana Anandaparaka rahA hai / sambhavataH inakA prabhAva jaina sAdhuoM para bhI par3A hogA / ye sAdhu mantra tantra Adi para adhika vizvAsa rakhate the, isIlie inake prabhAva meM AnevAle kalacuri aura 1. paMcAyatana zailI kA anya rUpa bhI hai, jisameM adhiSThAna para mukhya mandira ke atirikta cAroM konoM para eka-eka laghu mandira kI yojanA hotI hai| 2. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : candela aura unakI dena madhyapradeza sandeza, 1 agasta 62, pR. 261 sthApatya :: 97

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candela zAsakoM ke aneka tAntrika cihna prApta hue haiN| isa samaya AcArya paramparA kA mahattva bar3ha gayA thA aura ve maThAdhIzoM- jaise bhogavilAsa meM lipta rahane lage the / nagna yogiyoM tathA yoginiyoM aura unake sAtha dAr3hIdhArI zaiva-sAdhuoM kA Alekhana khajurAho, bher3AghATa, tripurI, cA~dapura, candreha (sIdhI), gurgI (rIvA~), jAMjagIra, udayapura Adi meM upalabdha hotA hai / ( 4 ) kacchapaghAta zailI isa zailI meM kalA kA AlaMkArika pakSa atyanta prabala ho uThA / bhittiyoM aura stambhoM Adi kA koI bhI bhAga alaMkaraNarahita nahIM chor3A jAtA thA / prAkRtika dRzyoM ke sthAna para mAnava - mUrtiyA~ aMkita hone lagIM, unameM bhI apsarAoM aura yoginiyoM Adi ke aMkana adhikAMza hote the / parantu mUrtiyoM meM rUr3hi aura ekarUpatA kI adhikatA aura maulikatA kA abhAva bar3hatA gayA / zikhara kA prAyaH vahI rUpa rahA, jo pahale thaa| usakI lambAI meM bhI koI antara nahIM AyA / 3. devagar3ha kI mandira - vAstu: svarUpa aura pramukha vizeSatAe~ mandirara- vAstu ke udbhava aura vikAsa kI vibhinna yugIna pravRttiyoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM aba hama dekheMge ki devagar3ha meM mandira - vAstu kA svarUpa kyA rahA, usakI pramukha vizeSatAe~ kyA haiM aura samakAlIna pravRttiyoM kA AdAna-pradAna usameM kahA~ taka huA / isake lie, yahA~ ke prAyaH sampUrNa sthApatya ko eka ikAI mAnakara usakA tIna dRSTiyoM se adhyayana kareMge : bhUmi tathA upakaraNa, nirmAtA aura nirmANakAla, zailIgata vizeSatAe~ aura alaMkaraNa / (1) bhUmi tathA upakaraNa devagar3ha ke sthApatya kA nirmANa eka samatala adhityakA' para huA hai| usakI 1. (a) vahI, 11 agasta, 62, pR. 261 (ba) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : gupta tathA madhyakAlIna mUrtikalA : kalpanA, janavarI 1962, pR. 51 2. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI: madhyapradeza kA aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika anuzIlana : sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, purAtattva patrikA, saMkhyA 1, 1967, pR. 87 / 3. Takkura pheru : vAstusAra prakaraNa : adhyAya 1. zloka 9-10 1 4. yaha adhityakA lagabhaga 1 mIla lambI aura 6 pharlAMga caur3I hai, jisake madhya 8 ekar3a 20 Disamila bhUmi para 'jaina smAraka' vidyamAna haiN| I 98 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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bhUmi Thosa hai / sabhI mandira aura mAnastambha cAroM ora se prazaMsanIya latAoM aura auSadhi-vRkSoM se suzobhita ho rahe haiM / " unakA nirmANa pASANa se huA hai / pASANoM kI jur3AI meM cUnA, lohA aura sIsA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| miTTI aura lakar3I Adi asthAyI sAmagrI kA prayoga mUlataH bilakula nahIM huA hai| Adhunika kAla meM jIrNoddhAra ke lie sImeNTa aura cUnA tathA pA~ca-chaha dvAroM meM kapAToM ke lie kASTha phalaka prayoga meM lAye gaye haiM / pASANa yahIM se khodakara nikAlA gayA thA / sAdhAraNataH lAla baluA aura 'grenAiTa' tathA kahIM-kahIM kAlA aura bhUrA baluA pASANa prayoga meM AyA hai / ( 2 ) nirmAtA aura nirmANakAla devagar3ha kI vAstu aura mUrti-kalA AbU aura khajurAho Adi kI bhA~ti kisI eka vyakti yA rAjavaMza kI dena nahIM hai / itanI utkRSTa aura vipula kRtiyoM ke nirmANa meM janatA kA sahayoga, zAsaka varga kA protsAhana, kalAkAroM ke sthAnIya hone se saralatA se upalabdhi aura nirmANa-sthala para hI pASANa kI prApti bahuta sahAyaka siddha huI hoMgI / ina kRtiyoM kA nirmANa lagabhaga solaha sau varSoM taka calatA rahA / yahA~ prApta hue eka abhilekha kI lipi mauryakAlIna brAhmI lipi se paryApta samAnatA rakhatI hai|' nAharaghATI aura dazAvatAra mandira meM prApta do abhilekha guptakAla ke haiM / kucha jaina mandira tathA mUrtiyA~" bhI yahA~ isI samaya kI vidyamAna haiM jo yaha siddha karate haiM ki usa samaya yahA~ nirmANa kArya cAlU thA / saMvat 919 meM gurjara-pratihAra zAsaka bhoja ke saMrakSaNa meM bhI yahA~ nirmANa hotA rahA / saMvat 1121 taka gurjara-pratihAra zAsaka rAjyapAla dvArA eka maTha (maM. saM. 18, citra saM. 28 ) kA nirmANa karAyA jA cukA thA / saMvat 1210 meM mahAsAmanta udayapAla 1. paM. AzAdhara : pratiSThAsAroddhAra : adhyAya 1 zloka 191 2. varAhamihira : vRhatsaMhitA ( baMgalaura, 1917), adhyAya 56, zloka 6-8 / 3. ava sAhu jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita / 4. de. - citra saMkhyA 49 | 5. maM. saM. 12, 30, 15 Adi / de. - citra saMkhyA 17, 34 tathA 36 | 6. de. - citra saMkhyA 50, 51, 52, 53, 541 7. de. - maM. saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa meM dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha / 8. DaoN. eca. DI. sAMkaliyA jaina yakSas eNDa yakSiNIz2a buleTina oNva da Dekkana kaoNleja risarca insTITyUTa jilda 1 aMka 2-4 ( mArca, 1940), pR. 1621 sthApatya :: 99

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ne mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM Arthika sahayoga diyA thaa| yaha mahAsAmanta kisa zAsaka kA thA, isake bAre meM kucha nizcita nahIM hai / isake pazcAt hI pratyeka zatAbdI ke aneka abhilekha prApta hue haiN| unase pramANita hotA hai ki nirmANa kA yaha kArya vikrama kI 19vIM zatI taka calatA rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ eka ora mandira ke prArambhika rUpa kA darzana hotA hai to dUsarI ora uttara- mugalakAla kI kalA bhI dRSTigata hotI hai / sthApatya ke nirmANa kI prakriyA avicchinna rUpa se itane dIrghakAla taka bhArata ke gine-cune sthAnoM meM hI milatI hai / ( 3 ) zailIgata vizeSatAe~ aura alaMkaraNa agnipurANa' meM 45 mandiroM kI eka sUcI dI gayI hai, jisameM catuSkoNa, aSTakoNa, SoDazabhadra aura pUrNabhadra mandiroM ke bhI nAma haiM / bRhatsaMhitA meM mandiroM ke 20 bheda varNita haiN| unhIM meM catuSkoNa, aSTakoNa, SoDazabhadra evaM sarvatobhadra bhI parigaNita haiM / devagar3ha meM inameM se maM. saM. 15 SoDazabhadra aura maM. saM. 28 pUrNabhadra haiM / zeSa mandira catuSkoNa haiM, jinameM se kucha samacatuSkoNa nahIM haiM / aSTakoNa mandira yahA~ upalabdha nahIM huA hai / agnipurANa meM ukta ullekha ke turanta pazcAt likhA hai ki ye nAma nAgara- prAsAdoM ke bhI haiM aura lATaprAsAdoM ke bhI / isa dRSTi se devagar3ha ke sabhI mandira nAgara- prAsAdoM ke antargata rakhe jAe~ge / samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra ke 63veM adhyAya meM 20 prakAra ke mandira parigaNita hue haiM aura unheM drAvir3a prAsAdoM (adhyAya 61-62 ) tathA vArATa - prAsAdoM (adhyAya 64 ) se pRthak nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| ina ullekhoM ke AdhAra para devagar3ha ke sabhI mandira 'nAgara zailI' ke antargata Ate haiN| kevala maM. saM. 12 meM pradakSiNA-patha zeSa hai / isalie use 'sandhAra-prAsAda' kaheMge, aura zeSa ko 'nirandhAra' / isI prakAra ukta mandira meM garbhagRha, pradakSiNApatha, antarAla, mahAmaNDapa aura ardhamaNDapa kI racanA huI hai, ataH use paMcAyatana zailI kA maaneNge| zeSa meM se kucha garbhagRha, mahAmaNDapa aura ardhamaNDapa, kucha meM garbhagRha aura maNDapa tathA kucha meM kevala garbhagRha hI hai / ataH ye saba paMcAyatana zailI ke antargata nahIM A skeNge| zAstroM 1. de. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha meM dAyIM ora bhitti-stambha para nirmita devakulikA para utkIrNa abhilekha / aura bhI dekhie eca hAragrIvja e. pI. Ara.-1916, pR. 5 tathA pariziSTa 'a' / 2. ( a ) maharSi vedavyAsa, ( AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya sampAdita), vArANasI, 1966, adhyAya 104, zloka 13-20 / (ba) garur3apurANa meM bhI prAyaH yahI krama draSTavya hai / de. - garuDapurANa, DaoN. rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya sampAdita (vArANasI, 1964), adhyAya 17, padya 19-311 3. varAhamihira : ( baMgalaura, 1947), adhyAya 56, zloka 17-181 4. gAyakavAr3a oriyaMTala sIrIz2a, bar3audA se 1994, 1995 meM dI jildoM meM prakAzita / 100 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ke anusAra paMcAyatana zailI ko hI mandira kA pUrNarUpa mAnA gayA hai| jinameM eka, do yA tIna aMga milate haiM, unake viSaya meM vistRta vivaraNa prApta nahIM hotA hai| adhikAMza mandiroM para zikhara kI saMyojanA huI hai| kucha laghu-mandiroM para laghu-zikhara (gumaTI) nirmita hue haiN| kucha mandiroM ke zikhara apane prArambhika svarUpa se bhinnatA rakhate haiM jo jIrNoddhAra ke paricAyaka haiN| kucha zikhara mandiroM ke garbhagRha yA maNDapa para na hokara ardhamaNDapa para saMyojita kiye gaye haiN| jina mandiroM para zikhara nahIM haiM, unakI chateM sapATa haiN| bar3e mandiroM kI sapATa chateM mUlataH kaI pASANa-zilAoM kI saMyojanA karake nirmita kI gayI thiiN| kAlAntara meM ve dhvasta ho gayIM, aura aba unheM sAdhAraNa pASANa-zilAoM ko sImeNTa se jor3akara banA diyA gayA hai| bahuta-sI aisI pASANa-zilAe~ yahA~-vahA~ prApta huI haiM jaisI aihola ke guptakAlIna lAr3akhA~ mandira kI chata para Aja bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| maM. saM. 30 (citra 34) ke maNDapa kI chata abhI bhI usI prakAra kI zilApraNAlikAoM dvArA nirmita dekhI jA sakatI hai| anumAna hai ki eka-do mandiroM kI pUrI chata usI prakAra kI rahI hogii| do laghu-mandiroM' kI chateM eka-eka zilA dvArA nirmita kI gayI haiN| inakI tulanA na kevala chata kI dRSTi se apitu doharI kArniza, praveza-dvAra aura una para aMkita gaMgA-yamunA Adi kI dRSTi se bhI tigavA~ ke viSNu-mandira aura pataurA Adi ke guptakAlIna mandiroM se kI jA sakatI hai| ukta vizeSatAoM ke atirikta eka vizeSatA aisI bhI hai, jo kucha mandiroM ko mandira kama aura nivAsa-sthAna adhika pramANita karatI hai| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai devagar3ha meM sAdhuoM aura bhaTTArakoM ke lie bhI kucha AvAsa-gRhoM kA nirmANa huA thA, jo kAlAntara meM mandiroM ke rUpa meM pariNata kara liye gye| inake udAharaNa ho sakate haiM-ma. saM. 2, 8, 14, 21 aura 2712 4. devagar3ha ke jaina mandira aba hama yahA~ ke kucha viziSTa mandiroM kA pRthak-pRthak adhyayana karake jJAta kareMge ki unakI pramukha vizeSatAe~ kyA haiN| (1) mandira saMkhyA 12 yaha mandira devagar3ha meM kaI dRSTiyoM se sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| kalA, zailI 1. de.-laghumandira saMkhyA 6 / 2. de. citra saMkhyA 2, 13, 1) aura 21 / 3. de.-citra saMkhyA 16 se 25 tk| sthApatya :: 101

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aura abhilekhoM se niSkarSa prApta hotA hai ki isa sampUrNa mandira kA nirmANa tIna yA cAra bAra meM huA hai| jise aba isa mandira kA mahAmaNDapa (citra 17) kahA jAtA hai, vaha sambhavataH eka svatantra mandira ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama nirmita huA thaa| isake pazcAt zikhara-yukta garbhagRha (citra 24) kA nirmANa bhI eka svatantra mandira ke rUpa meM huA hogA, phira garbhagRha aura mahAmaNDapa ke madhyavartI antara ko, pradakSiNApatha ke nirmANa dvArA pUrA karake ina tInoM kRtiyoM meM ekatva kI saMyojanA kI gayI hogii| aura isa sabake pazcAt prastuta mandira ko 'paMcAyatana' kA paripUrNa rUpa dene ke lie ardhamaNDapa kA nirmANa bhI huA hogaa| isa prakAra yaha sampUrNa mandira eka Akasmika aura vicitra saMyoga ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna saMyojanAoM ke dvArA astitva meM AyA dIkhatA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi ke lie hama isake aMga-pratyaMga para nirmANa-krama se vicAra kreNge| mahAmaNDapa : jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, isa mandira ke mahAmaNDapa kA nirmANa eka svatantra mandira ke rUpa meM huA thaa| isakA prathama kAraNa yaha hai ki isakA nirmANa kadAcit cauthI zatI meM huA thA jabaki garbhagRha kA, jaisA ki Age kaheMge, chaThI zatI meN| mahAmaNDapa ko guptakAlIna kRti siddha karane meM vaha zilAlekha (citra 49) (jJAnazilA) aura tIrthaMkara mUrti (citra 50) paryApta hai jo yahA~ prApta haI thiiN| isake madhyavartI cAra stambhoM ke bIca, kacha varSa pUrva taka eka vedI thI, jisameM ukta abhilekha jar3A thaa| isa abhilekha kI lipi yadyapi aneka bhAropIya lipiyoM kA mizraNa hai, tathApi isameM azokakAlIna brAhmI ke lakSaNa bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| ___ garbhagRha : garbhagRha kadAcit chaThI zatI meM nirmita huA thaa| guptakAla ke uttarArdha meM pracalita prAyaH sabhI vizeSatAe~ isameM upalabdha hotI haiN| isa samaya taka zikhara kA rUpa itanA parivartita aura alaMkRta ho gayA thA ki vaha gurjara-pratihAra aura candela-kAla ke zikhara kA pUrva rUpa pratIta hotA hai| prastuta zikhara (citra 24 aura 25) meM yaha tathya saralatA se darzanIya hai| bAhya bhittiyoM kI alaMkaraNa-vihIna yojanA aura doharI kArnisa Adi vizeSatAe~ bhI ise guptakAla ke uttarArdha kI kRti pramANita karatI haiN| jahA~ taka isake praveza-dvAra (citra 18) kA prazna hai vaha apekSAkRta adhika vikasita aura alaMkRta hai, parantu vaha jaisA ki usake bhItarI vAyeM pakSa para utkIrNa 1. de.-citra saMkhyA 17 / 2. 'isa abhilekha kI prathama sAta paMktiyoM meM vAstava meM vibhinna varNamAlAoM ke namUne samAviSTa haiM, jinameM adhikAMza drAvir3a tathA mauryakAlIna brAhmI bhI samAviSTa haiM, yadyapi turkI aura phArasI usameM nahIM hai|'-shrii dayArAma sAhanI, e. pro. ri., bhAga do, 1918, pR. 10 / 102 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai, saMvat 1051 meM sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| isa dvAra kI racanA-zailI se yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha mandira kI mUla yojanA kA eka aMga nahIM thA, pratyuta eka prAcIna dvAra ke sthAna para bAda meM isakI sthApanA kI gyii| vartamAna dvAra (citra 18) kI racanA-zailI mandira kI racanA-zailI se kucha navIna hai| isase bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai ki saMvat 1051 taka yaha mandira (garbhagRha) itanA prAcIna ho cukA thA ki usakA praveza-dvAra naSTa-bhraSTa ho cukA thA aura use badalanA Avazyaka ho gayA thaa| aura phira isameM sthita vaha mUrti (citra 51) to guptakAla ke turanta bAda kI hai hI, jisakI mukhAkRti, jaTAjUTa, aMga-pratyaMga kA sUkSma aMkana tathA alaMkaraNa kI sahaja bhavyatA guptakAla meM vizeSa rUpa se prApta hotI hai| pradakSiNApatha : pradakSiNApatha garbhagRha ke eka yA Der3ha zatI pazcAt nirmita huA hogaa| garbhagRha kI kArniza aura usake UparI bhAga ko sUkSmatA se dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki use kATakara bAda meM samAviSTa kiye gaye pradakSiNA-patha ke uSNISa (uttaraMga) apanI asamAnatA ko Aja bhI nahIM chipA skte| isakI bahibhittiyoM meM cinI huI jAliyoM' aura yakSI-mUrtiyoM ke aMkana sahita stambhoM kI kalA gurjara-pratihAra kAla kI pratIta hotI hai| yakSI-mUrtiyoM ke nIce utkIrNa unake nAmoM kI lipi AThavIM zatI se pUrva kI nahIM ho sktii| aura phira kisI bhI guptakAlIna mandira meM pradakSiNA-patha dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| DaoN. ha~samukha dhIrajalAla sA~kaliyA ne isakI bahibhittiyoM para aMkita yakSI-mUrtiyoM ko lagabhaga 600 I. se pUrva-candelakAla taka kI mAnA hai| isase bhI uparyukta dhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai| antarAla : antarAla kA nirmANa kadAcit pradakSiNApatha ke sAtha yA usake kucha samaya bAda huA hogaa| ardhamaNDapa : ardhamaNDapa' bhI pradakSiNApatha ke sAtha yA kucha bAda kI kRti honA caahie| usake dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para ke abhilekha meM saMvat 919 utkIrNa hai| isase isa ardhamaNDapa ke nirmANa kI uttarAvadhi nizcita hotI hai| isa abhilekha meM prastuta stambha ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai, ardhamaNDapa ke nirmANa kA nhiiN| anumAnataH yaha stambha ke sthAna para sthApita kiyA gayA hogA jo kisI kAraNa TUTa gayA hogaa| 1. jAliyoM kI sthiti kA parijJAna citra saMkhyA 24 se ho sakatA hai| 2. kula 24 yakSI-mUrtiyA~ jar3I huI haiN| kucha ke lie de.-citra saMkhyA 101 aura 102 / 3. jaina yakSas eNDa yakSiNIja : buleTina oNpha dI Dekkana kaoNleja risarca iMsTITyUTa, jilda 1, aMka 2-4, mArca 19.10, AkRti 6, 8, 9 / 4. de...citra saMkhyA 16 / sthApatya :: 103

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ataH ardhamaNDapa ko ukta saMvat 919 se lagabhaga 100 varSa pUrva taka kI kRti mAnA jA sakatA hai| nirmANa krama ke isa vizleSaNa se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki maM. saM. 12, do maulika mandiroM kA samanvita aura parivartita rUpa hai aura usakA nirmANa cauthI zatAbdI I. se 9vIM zatAbdI I. taka hotA rhaa| aba isa mandira ke ardhamaNDapa Adi pA~ca aMgoM kA vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| ardhamaNDapa (citra 16) cAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai| sAmane ke do stambha eka samAna haiM aura zeSa do asmaan| ve mUla stambhoM ke khaNDita ho jAne se samAviSTa kiye gaye hoNge| unake alaMkaraNa aura paridhi kI asamAnatA tathA alaMkaraNarahita caukiyA~ ukta anumAna kI puSTi karatI haiN| unake zIrpa maulika haiN| sAmane ke stambhoM para caukiyoM ke UparI bhAga ke cAroM ora kSetrapAloM kA aMkana hai aura unake Upara zikharAkRtiyoM se yukta devakulikAoM meM tIna-tIna ora tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsargAsana aura eka-eka ora yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| unake Upara donoM stambhoM para pratyeka ora eka-eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara aMkita haiM, jinake donoM ora eka-eka sundarI kA AkarSaka aMkana hai| sundariyoM ke pArzva meM eka-eka puruSAkRti aura nArI-AkRti utkIrNa kI gayI hai| isa dRzya ke Upara patrAvali kA alaMkaraNa aura usake Upara vibhinna deva-deviyoM kA citraNa hai| isake bhI Upara nRtyamaNDalI kA manorama Alekhana huA hai| jisake Upara jAlIdAra kaTAva, isake pazcAt samagra maNDapa kA bhAra saMbhAlane meM dattacitta kIcaka dikhAye gaye haiN| toraNa para gomukha yakSa ke anantara vividha vAdyayantroM se sajjita eka lambI saMgIta-maNDalI (de. citra saMkhyA 118) kA aMkana kAphI AkarSaka bana par3A hai| dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para eka aitihAsika abhilekha' utkIrNa hai, jisase devagar3ha kA prAcIna nAma jAnane meM aura pratihAra rAjA bhojadeva kI rAjya-sImA tathA samaya ke nirdhAraNa meM sahAyatA milatI hai| ardhamaNDapa aura mahAmaNDapa ke madhya jo rikta sthAna (khulA cabUtarA) par3A hai, usakA astitva vicAraNIya hai| aisI koI paramparA dRSTigata nahIM hotI, kintu paTTadakala ke virUpAkSa-mandira (740 I.) meM yaha bAta dekhI jA sakatI hai| vahA~ mandira ke mukhya bhavana se kucha dUra haTakara, jaisA ki yahA~ huA hai, eka svatantra ardhamaNDapa kA nirmANa huA hai| yahA~ kI bhA~ti vaha bhI cAra stambhoM para AdhArita hai| mahAmaNDapa : mahAmaNDapa (citra 17) kI racanA, jaisA ki siddha kiyA jA cukA hai, cauthI zatAbdI I. meM eka svatantra mandira ke rUpa meM huI thii| mandira kA yaha rUpa sarvathA advitIya hai| 36 stambhoM para AdhArita yaha mahAmaNDapa vAstava meM 'zrImaNDapa' 1. de.-pariziSTa do, abhilekha kra. ek| 104 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ke rUpa meM nirmita huA thA / zrImaNDapa, ve prakoSTha hote haiM jinakI racanA tIrthaMkara ke samavazaraNa ke ThIka madhya meM kI jAtI hai| inakI saMkhyA 12 hotI hai / prastuta maNDapa meM ve isI saMkhyA meM dekhe jA sakate haiN|' ye 'zrImaNDapa' pratyeka dizA meM vIthi-patha ko chor3akara cAra cAra bhittiyoM ke antarAla se tIna-tIna hote haiN| inake madhya meM 'gandhakuTI' kI racanA hotI hai / gandhakuTI vaha catuSkoNa prakoSTha hotA hai, jisakI racanA 12 zrImaNDapoM ke madhya tIna pIThikAoM para hotI hai| isake madhya meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna hokara tIrthaMkara dharmopadeza dete I prastuta mahAmaNDapa ke madhya meM bhI eka catuSkoNa vedI thI, jise 'gandhakuTI' ke rUpa meM hI nirmita kiyA gayA hogA / aba yaha vedI nahIM hai, para usakI sthiti rekhAcitra se dekhI jA sakatI hai| isI vedI meM jar3A huA jo abhilekha ( citra 49 ) prApta huA hai, usameM jaisA ki kahA jAegA, 18 bhASAe~ prayukta huI haiM / tIrthaMkara kA dharmopadeza 18 mahAn bhASAoM (aura sAta sau laghu bhASAoM ) meM hotA hai, jinake pratIka rUpa meM yaha abhilekha pratiSThApita kiyA gayA hogA / isa prakAra yaha mahAmaNDapa mUlataH eka aisA mandira hai, jisake samAna dUsarA mandira kadAcit hI kahIM nirmita huA hogA / isa dRSTi se niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya mandira sthApatya ko devagar3ha kI isa mahAmaNDapa ke rUpa meM eka adbhuta dena hai / antarAla : isa mandira ( saMkhyA 12 ) kA antarAla bhI ullekhanIya hai / isake bhItara dAyeM-bAyeM eka-eka laghu- mandira kI saMyojanA hameM ulajhana meM DAla detI hai / ina laghu- mandiroM ko garbhagRha yA usake aMga nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki usake aura unake bI pradakSiNApatha vidyamAna hai aura ye pradakSiNApatha se saTe hue nahIM haiM / inakA nirmANa kama-se-kama pradakSiNApatha ke pazcAt hI huA thA, kyoMki usakI bahirbhittiyoM meM saMyojita do-do yakSI - mUrtiyA~ pratyeka laghu mandira dvArA Dhaka lI gayI haiM, jisase pradakSiNApatha ke prabhAva meM aura yakSI mUrtiyoM kI pUrNa ( 24 ) saMkhyA meM zocanIya kamI par3I hai|" inakA nirmANa antarAla ke sAtha bhI nahIM, balki usake kama-se-kama eka 1. de. - rekhAcitra kra. 39 / 2. (a) e. kaniMghama : A. sa. i. : jilda 10, pR. 100-101 / (ca) e. phuharara : bhA. e. iMza., pRSTha 120 (sa) dayArAma sAhanI e. pro. ri., bhAga do, pR. 9 / (da) zrI paramAnanda barayA ne bhI isa tathya kI puSTi kI hai| 3. ise lagabhaga tIna varSa pUrva kSetrIya prabandha samiti ne isalie haTA diyA hai ki usase sampUrNa mandira kI saMyojanA aura AkarSaNa meM bAdhA hotI thI / 4. de. - rekhAcitra kra. 391 5. yativRSabhAcArya : tiloyapaNNati, 4-902 1 6. yaha kabhI zrI sAhanI jaise vidvAn ko bhI bhrama meM DAle binA na rahI, phalataH unhoMne ina yakSI mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA 20 dI hai| de. - e. pro. ri., 1918, pR. 91 sthApatya :: 105

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zatI pazcAt huA hogA; kucha dina pUrva taka ina laghu-mandiroM meM yakSiyoM kI do mUrtiyA~ sthApita thIM, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki ye kisI aise bhaTTAraka kI preraNA se nirmita kiye gaye hoMge jisake vicAra se garbhagRha meM praveza karane se pUrva viziSTa sthAna meM sthApita yakSI-mUrti kA darzana anivArya hotA thaa| vicAroM kI yaha kaTTaratA bhaTTArakoM meM nauvIM zatI ke pazcAt AyI thii| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina laghu-mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI nauvIM zatI ke pazcAt huA hogA, jaba antarAla nirmita ho cukA thaa| pradakSiNApatha : pradakSiNApatha garbhagRha se paravartI kRti hai| bahirbhittiyoM meM saMyojita jAlIdAra kaTAva tathA caubIsa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke kAraNa yaha jaina sthApatya meM hI nahIM, akhila bhAratIya sthApatya meM bhI anupama bana par3A hai| khajurAho aura bher3AghATa meM cauMsaTha-yoginiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kA pradarzana nizcaya hI isa prasaMga meM vicAraNIya hai| satanA jile meM pataurA grAma ke samIpa 'patiyAnadAI' nAma kA eka mandira hai| usameM jo mUrtiphalaka prApta huA thA, usa para caubIsa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| yakSiyoM ke sAtha unake nAma bhI una para aMkita haiN| isa phalaka aura prastuta bahibhittiyoM kI saMyojanA kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| donoM kI yakSiyA~ prAyaH khar3I aura do hAthoMvAlI haiN| donoM sthAnoM para unake upAsya tIrthaMkara bhI aMkita hue haiM, devagar3ha meM yakSiyoM ke Upara mastaka para, aura usa zilAphalaka para yakSiyoM kI paMkti ko AveSTita karanevAlI dUsarI paMkti meN| donoM sthAnoM para yakSiyoM ke nAma utkIrNa haiM aura donoM ke hI nAmoM meM bhASAgata aura krama sambandhI azuddhiyA~ huI haiM, yahA~ taka ki kucha nAma chUTa gaye haiM aura kucha kI dvirukti ho gayI hai| ___ bahirbhittiyoMvAlI mUrtiyoM kA AkAra lagabhaga / phuTa 3 iMca hai aura unameM se pratyeka pRthak-pRthak zilAphalakoM para utkIrNa haiM, jabaki anyatra ve saba eka hI zilAphalaka para aMkita haiM aura isIlie unakA AkAra bahata choTA hai| kalA, bhAvAbhivyakti aura lipi se prApta niSkarSa devagar3ha ke aMkana ko pUrvavartI siddha karate haiM, yadyapi yaha antara lagabhaga do zatiyoM se adhika nahIM ho sktaa| 1. inheM aba vahA~ se jaina dharmazAlA meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA gayA hai aura vahA~ anya mUrtiyA~ sthApita kara dI gayI haiM, jinameM se eka khar3I sarasvatI (citra 95) kI bhI hai| inameM pahale sthApita mUrtiyoM ke lie dekhie--citra saMkhyA 99 aura 106 / 2. isa mandira ke vistRta paricaya ke lie dekhie-paM. gopIlAla amara, 'patiyAnadAdaM : eka ___ guptakAlIna jaina mandira' : anekAnta, varSa 19, kiraNa 6, pR. 340-46 / 3. aba yaha mUrtiphalaka prayAga saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| isake vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhie--paM. gopIlAla amara, 'patiyAnadAI kI advitIya pratimA', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 25, kiraNa do, pR. 40-43 / 106 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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pradakSiNApatha kA praveza-dvAra : garbhagRha ke catuSkoNa hone se pradakSiNApatha bhI catuSkoNa hai| usake cAroM ora eka-eka dvAra hai, unameM se pazcimI arthAt mukhya dvAra apekSAkRta vizAla aura adhika alaMkRta hai / isa dvAra kA toraNa pUrvavartI nahIM hai ora vartamAna toraNa itanA kama alaMkRta hai ki usakI samatA zeSa dvAra se bilakula nahIM baitthtii| jo bhAga avaziSTa hai use hI 'saptazAkhA dvAra' kA utkRSTa nidarzana mAnanA hogaa| aise dvAroM kA prArambhika rUpa gurjara-pratihAra kAla meM milatA hai / kalacuri kAla meM inakI pradhAnatA ho gyii| nauhaTA, binekA, pAlI, tripurI, amarakaNTaka, sohAgapura, ratanapura, jAMjagIra, kharoda, zivarInArAyaNa Adi meM aise hI dvAra dekhe jA sakate haiM / candelakAla meM ina dvAroM kA pracalana kadAcit aura bddh'aa| khajurAho ke prAyaH sabhI mandiroM meM inakI saMyojanA darzanIya hai / vizeSa rUpa se vahA~ ke vizvanAtha mandira kA praveza dvAra prastuta dvAra se pUrNataH samAnatA rakhatA hai / garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra : garbhagRha kA praveza dvAra alaMkaraNa kI dRSTi se pradakSiNApatha ke praveza dvAra kI apekSA kadAcit adhika utkRSTa hai / jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, isakA nirmANa garbhagRha ke sAtha nahIM huA thA / pUrvokta dvAra ke pASANa aura AkAra-prakAra Adi meM isa dvAra se atyadhika samAnatA ko dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki una donoM kA nirmANa eka sAtha huA thaa| isa praveza-dvAra ke sampUrNa alaMkaraNa kA vizleSaNa yahA~ prasaMgAnukUla hogA / Dyor3hI ke madhya meM kalpavRkSa kI ubharI huI sajjA ke donoM ora sneha - krIr3A meM magna siMha aura hAthI tathA bAyeM pArzvayakSa aura dAyeM lakSmI kA aMkana hai / usa para donoM ora tIna-tIna zAkhAoM vAle dvAra stambha sthita haiN| bAharI zAkhAe~ siradala ke UparI bhAga taka bar3hatI jAtI haiM / unameM sarvaprathama eka-eka devI kA aura vibhinna mukhAkRtiyoMvAle zArdUloM kA Alekhana hai, jinameM gajamukha aura manuSyamukha zArdUla ullekhanIya haiM / bhItara kI bAyIM zAkhA meM gaMgA jisake sAtha nAga bhI aMkita haiM, apanI tIna sahAyaka - deviyoM ke sAtha citrita hai / yahIM eka pustakadhArI upAdhyAya kA Alekhana hai / 1. pradakSiNApatha meM cAroM ora eka-eka dvAra banAne kI paddhati anyatra bhI thI, jaisA ki nacanA ke eka mandira kA varNana karate hue zrI rAkhAladAsa vainarjI ne saMketa kiyA hai| de. - dI eja oNva da impIriyala guptA (banArasa, 1963), pR. 1461 2. Ajakala ise lohe ke jAlIdAra 'zaTara' se banda kiyA jAtA hai| isakA dAyA~ pakSa citra saMkhyA 23 meM dekhA jA sakatA hai I 3. de. -- citra saMkhyA 18 | 4. Ajakala ise lakar3I ke kapAToM dvArA banda kiyA jAtA / sthApatya :: 107

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isake Upara pA~ca-pA~ca devakulikAoM kI pA~ca zAkhAe~ haiN| madhya kI zAkhA Age ko nikalI hai aura vaha caur3AI meM AsapAsa kI zAkhAoM se dUnI hai| madhya kI prathama devakulikA meM (citra 22) eka sAdhu eka zUkara ko sambodhita kara rahe haiN| usake Upara eka sAdhu apanI pIchI kamaNDalu liye khar3e haiM, aura unake caraNoM kA sparza karatA huA eka dAr3hIdhArI yuvaka jhukA hai aura eka mahilA hAtha jor3e khar3I hai (citra 22) / ___ isake Upara kI tIna devakulikAoM meM tIna prema-magna-dampatiyoM kA Alekhana hai| AsapAsa kI donoM zAkhAoM meM vibhinna mudrAoM aura vAdya-yantroM ke sAtha khar3e hue strI-puruSa Alikhita haiN| dAyIM ora yamunA (citra 21) aura usakI tIna sahAyaka deviyA~ tathA usake Upara nAgI kA aMkana haA hai| inake bAyIM ora eka pustakadhArI upAdhyAya Alikhita haiN| usake Upara yahA~ bhI pA~ca-pA~ca devakulikAoM kI tIna zAkhAe~ haiN| madhyavartI zAkhA meM premAsakta-dampatiyoM tathA AsapAsa kI zAkhAoM meM pUrvavat strI-puruSoM ke aMkana haiN| siradala ke madhya meM kamalAkRti Asana para dvitIya tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha' kA padmAsana meM aura unake donoM ora eka-eka tIrthaMkara kA kAyotsargAsana meM aMkana hai| unake bhI donoM ora toraNa ke nIce ur3Ana bharate hue pA~ca-pA~ca vidyAdhara-yugala aura unake bhI Upara navagraha citrita hue haiN| phira unake bhI Upara eka navIna zAkhA prArambha hotI hai, jisakI madhyavartI devakulikA meM eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara aura usake donoM ora cAra-cAra padmAsana tathA chaha-chaha kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkaroM ke aMkana isa zAkhA ke Upara tathA madhyavartI devakulikA ke donoM ora tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke solaha svapnoM (citra saMkhyA 19 aura 20) kA citraNa huA hai| isake bAyeM mahAkAlI nAma kI naravAhinI vidyAdevI' aura dAyeM ambikA yakSI ke Alekhana haiN| isake nIce sarasvatI aura bAyeM mahAkAlI vidyAdevI ke nIce lakSmI ke aMkana haiN| 1. de.-citra 201 2. de.-caturtha adhyAya kI pAda ttippnnii| 3. de.- paMcama adhyAya kI pAda ttippnnii| 4. de.-caturtha adhyAya kI pAda ttippnnii| 5. bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI zAsana devii| 6. (a) kAmAkhyA nilayIbhUtA bddhpdmaasnsthitaa| akSamAlA tathA vINA pustakaM ca kamaNDaluH / / nIlakaNThI zvetabhujA zvetAMgI candrazekharA / mahAvidyA mahAvANI bhAratI ca sarasvatI // ___ bhuvanadevAcArya : aparAjitapRcchA, 230, 11-15 / (ba) de. --caturtha adhyAya kI pAda ttippnnii| 7. de.-caturtha adhyAya kI pAda ttippnnii| 108 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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garbhagRha meM vizAlAkAra tIrthakara mUrti' aura usake donoM ora ca~varadhArI indra tathA ambikA aura dvAra ke donoM ora (bhItara) ambikA mUrtiyA~ jar3I huI haiN| (2) mandira saMkhyA 30 mandira saMkhyA 30 (citra 34) guptakAlIna vAstu kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai| usakA vinyAsa (le AuTa) grIka mandiroM se anuprANita pratIta hotA hai| usakA stambhoM para AdhArita maNDapa, sAdhAraNa adhiSThAna, sapATa chata aura catuSkoNa garbhagRha use sA~cI ke mandira saMkhyA 17 ke anurUpa siddha karate haiN| stambhoM kA AkAra caukiyoM para catuSkoNa aura madhya meM SoDazakoNa tathA zIrSa para gola hai| pASANoM kI jur3AI gAre ke binA huI hai aura unapara plAsTara nahIM huA hai| garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra saMkIrNa hai| ina saba dRSTiyoM se bhI yaha sA~cI ke ukta mandira se samAnatA rakhatA hai| isakI tulanA aihola ke lAr3akhA~ mandira se bhI kI jAnI caahie| stambha, maNDapa aura garbhagRha Adi kI dRSTi se to ina donoM meM samAnatA hai hI, chata kA rUpa dhAraNa karane vAlI zilA-praNAliyoM kI dRSTi se bhI ullekhanIya samAnatA hai| ye zilA-praNAlikAe~ eka-dUsare se gAre Adi ke binA hI jor3I gayI haiN| ataH isa mandira ke guptakAlIna kRti hone meM koI sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| (3) mandira saMkhyA 15 yaha (citra saMkhyA 26) devagar3ha kA sarvasundara mandira hai| praveza-dvAra aura stambhoM kA alaMkaraNa isakI sundaratA ke pramANa haiN| praveza-dvAra taka eka 'rAhApaga' meM se pahu~cA jAtA hai, jisakA nirmANa zeSa tIna 'rAhApagoM' se bhinna hai| adhiSThAna kI UMcAI ko donoM ora kI bhittiyoM se kATakara yaha rAhApaga UparI sopAna se lagabhaga 6 iMca para prArambha hotA hai| bhittiyoM se lagabhaga 8 iMca dUra donoM ora eka-eka alaMkRta stambha vidyamAna haiM, jinase yaha rAhApaga eka laghumaNDapa kA rUpa le letA hai| gurjara-pratihAra kAla meM pracalita hue maNDapa kA prArambhika rUpa isa rAhApaga ke rUpa meM saralatA se dekhA jA sakatA hai| Dyor3hI ke madhya meM ubharA huA kalpavRkSa usake dAyeM ora yugala-chavi aura bAyeM ora kIrtimukha tathA donoM ora siMha dvArA AkrAnta eka-eka puruSa citrita haiN| 1. de. - citra saMkhyA / / '). (a) sara jaoNna mArzala : dI mAnumaNTsa Apha sA~cI, jilda tIna, phalaka CXIV, aura bhI de. viseNTa e. smitha : pA hiraTI Apha phAinala ArTa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona (vambaI, tRtIya saMskaraNa), phalaka 63, AkRti 'a'| sthApatya :: 109

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dvAra-pakSoM para apane-apane vAhanoM para ArUr3ha gaMgA-yamanA sahAyaka deviyoM ke sAtha pradarzita haiN| unake ghaToM para nAga-nAgI ke aMkana haiN| phira pratyeka dvAra-stambha para tIna zAkhAe~ prArambha hotI haiN| prathama aura tRtIya zAkhAoM meM patrAvali aura khajUra-patroM kA Alekhana hai| madhya kI zAkhAoM meM cAra-cAra koSThakoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI padmAsana mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| siradala ke madhya meM nirmita koSThaka meM eka aura usake donoM ora cAra-cAra padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke aMkana haiN| garbhagRha kI sajjA aura usameM sthita mUrtiyA~ bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina sabake atirikta isameM eka aisI vizeSatA hai, jo vAstukalA kI dRSTi se use devagar3ha ke sabhI jaina mandiroM se pRthak karake dazAvatAra mandira ke samIpa lA khar3A karatI hai| bAta yaha hai ki isake tIna rAhApagoM meM ThIka vaisI hI vizAla devakulikAe~ nirmita huI haiM jaisI dazAvatAra mandira meM haiN| eka devakulikA (dakSiNa) meM aba madhyavartI mUrti nahIM hai, usake sthAna para eka gavAkSa nirmita kara diyA gayA hai| uttarI devakulikA meM eka vizAla padmAsana aura usake donoM ora aneka kAyotsargAsana mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| pRSThavartI (pUrvI) devakulikA meM usI kI bhA~ti tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM, isake dvAra-stambhoM para gaMgA-yamunA kA citraNa ullekhanIya hai| devakulikAoM ke nirmANa, adhiSThAna kI U~cAI, dvAroM aura stambhoM ke alaMkaraNa tathA anya samAnatAoM kI dRSTi se yaha aura dazAvatAra mandira eka hI samaya nirmita hue pratIta hote haiN| Azcarya nahIM ki isakA preraNA-srota vaha yA usakA preraNAsrota yaha rahA ho| jinakI rUparekhA zAstrIya vidhAnoM se samatA rakhatI ho aise mandiroM meM devagar3ha meM kadAcit yaha mandira prathama hai| yaha SoDazabhadra' mandira hai| rekhAcitra meM isakI solaha kalAe~ (koNa) spaSTa dekhI jA sakatI haiN|' samarAMgaNasUtradhAra ke anusAra ise 'nandighoSa' nAmaka prAsAda kahanA hogaa| isake 24 stambhoM kI aisI saMyojanA kI gayI hai ki usase eka 'krAsa' ( + ) kA AkAra bana gayA hai| sampUrNa rUparekhA, vidhAna se itanI adhika anukUlatA rakhatI hai ki jaise samarAMgaNasUtradhAra ke lekhaka ne 'nandighoSa' prAsAda ke rUpa meM ise hI Adarza mAnA ho| 1. dekhie-varAhamihira : vRhatsaMhitA : (vaMgalaura, 1947), adhyAya 56, zloka | 2. dekhie-rekhAcitra kra. 40 / 3. nandighoSa ke lakSaNa ke lie dekhie-aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 503-504 / 4. bhojadeva kA samaya gyArahavIM zatAbdI I. mAnA jAtA hai / paricaya, samaya Adi ke lie dekhie-(ka) DaoN. rAmajI upAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 277-78 | (kha) DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina : prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR. 650-601 (ga) aparAjita pRcanA, bhamikA (aMgarejI), pR. 11 tathA 27 Adi / 110 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mandira vAstu meM ina saba dRSTiyoM se yaha mandira apanI viziSTa sthiti rakhatA hai| isa mandira ke guptakAla yA usake turanta pazcAt nirmita hue hone meM koI sandeha nahIM, kyoMki : (1) isake maNDapa meM sthita (citra 52) tathA garbhagRha meM sthita mUlanAyaka kI mUrti bhI usI samaya kI kRti hai|' (2) rAhApagoM kI devakulikAoM ke kAraNa vaha dazAvatAra-mandira kA samakAlIna pramANita hotA hai| (3) bhitti ke pASANoM kI cinAI yahIM ke mandira saMkhyA 4 (chaThavIM zatI), sA~cI ke mandira saMkhyA 17 (425 I.), aihola ke laghu (5vIM zatI) aura huccimalliguDi (6vIM zatI) ke mandiroM aura bAdAmI ke samIpastha mahAkUTezvara mandira (lagabhaga 6vIM zatI) kI bahibhittiyoM se atyadhika samAnatA rakhatI hai| (1) praveza-dvAra kA sImita alaMkaraNa, maNDapa kA prArambhika rUpa aura zikhara kA avikasita rUpa guptakAla kI vizeSatAe~ haiM, jo isameM prApta hotI haiN| (4) mandira saMkhyA 31 devagar3ha kI guptottarakAlIna kRtiyoM meM mandira saMkhyA ikatIsa (citra 35 evaM 36) ullekhanIya hai| adhiSThAna kI sAdagI, praveza-dvAra kA alaMkaraNa, doharI kArniza aura sapATa chata ise sAtavIM zatI meM nirmita huA siddha karate haiN| inhIM dRSTiyoM se isakI tulanA pataurA (satanA) ke patiyAnadAI mandira se kI jA sakatI hai, jo guptakAlIna sthApatya kA acchA udAharaNa hai| isake praveza-dvAra ko gurjara-pratihArakAlIna saptazAkhA dvAra kA prArambhika rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| gaMgA-yamunA, toraNa ke madhyavartI tIrthaMkara aura navagraha kA aMkana yahA~ atyanta sUkSmatA se hue haiN| Dyor3hI para aMkita mattavAraNa aura kalpavRkSa Adi to isake guptottarakAlIna hone meM sandeha nahIM rahane dete| (5) mandira saMkhyA 4 mandira saMkhyA 1 (citra 1) guptakAla ke turanta pazcAt nirmita huA hogaa| adhiSThAna kI sAdagI, stambhoM kA sImita alaMkaraNa, ardhamaNDapa aura usake Upara kA avikasita laghu-zikhara, doharI kArniza aura praveza-dvAra para gaMgA-yamunA kA Alekhana isa mandira kI prAcInatA ke dyotaka haiN| maNDapa ke dAyeM stambha meM saMvat 1221 kA, bAyeM stambha meM saMvat 1207 kA aura bahirbhitti para (sAmane bAyeM) saMvat 1. de.-citra saMkhyA / / . de.. gopIlAla amara, patiyAnadAI : eka guptakAlIna jaina mandira', anekAnta, (pharavarI, 1967), varSa 1). kiraNa 6. pR. : 10-46 / sthApatya :: 111

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1709 ke abhilekha utkIrNa haiM / ye tInoM isa mandira ke nirmANa kAla kI nahIM, balki jIrNoddhAra kI sUcanA dete haiM 1 guptakAlIna vAstu ke anya lakSaNa bhI isa mandira meM spaSTa rUpa se dekhe jA sakate haiM / dvAra ke alaMkaraNa meM kalpavRkSa, yugala - chavi aura patrAvali unameM se mukhya haiM / isa mandira kI sarvAdhika ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai usakI bhittiyoM ke nirmANa meM pASANa cinane kI zailI, jo sA~cI ke 17veM mandira ( 425 I.), aihola ke laghumandira (lagabhaga 5vIM zatI) aura huccimalliguDi mandira' (6vIM zatI), tathA bAdAmI ke samIpastha mahAkUTezvara mandira ( lagabhaga 6vIM zatI) kI bahirbhittiyoM se atyadhika samAnatA rakhatI hai / ( 6 ) mandira saMkhyA 18 isa mandira (citra saMkhyA 28 ) meM prAcInatA ke ve sabhI lakSaNa vidyamAna haiM jo uparyukta mandira saMkhyA 4 meM dRSTigata hote haiM / jina mandiroM se aura jina dRSTiyoM se usakI tulanA kI gayI hai, unhIM se isakI bhI niHsandeha kI jA sakatI hai| isake stambha aura praveza dvAra usa (maM. saM. 4) kI apekSA kahIM kama alaMkRta haiN| ise guptakAla ke turanta pazcAt kI kRti mAnane meM saMkoca nahIM honA cAhie / ( 7 ) mandira saMkhyA 28 uparyukta mandira kI bhA~ti mandira saMkhyA 28 ( citra saMkhyA 32-33 ) kA yogadAna bhI mandira - vAstu ke vikAsa meM kama nahIM hai / yaha 'pUrNabhadra' mandira hai / " rAhApagoM ke atirikta ardhakoNaka aura koNaka pagoM ke laghu AkAra se sampUrNa rekhAkRti ko gola AkAra mila gayA hai| adhiSThAna kI U~cAI nahIM ke barAbara hai / bahirbhittiyoM para doharI kArniza, maNDapa (jo naSTa ho cukA hai) kA sadbhAva, " praveza-dvAra kA sImita alaMkaraNa, eka aMga - zikhara kI saMyojanA, mukhya zikhara kI alaMkaraNahInatA aura chata se hI patalA hote jAnA Adi aisI vizeSatAe~ haiM jo isa mandira ko guptakAla aura : 1. (a) luisa phreDarika iNDiyana Tempalsa eNDa skalpacara, pR. 191, phalaka 1511 (va) viseNTa e. smitha : 'e hisTrI Ava phAina ArTa Ava iMDiyA eMDa sIlona', phalaka 17 (a) / 2. luisa phreDarika : vahI, pR. 209, phalaka 180 3. vahI, pR. 234, phalaka 203 / 4. vahI, pR. 225, phalaka 1901 5. dekhie - vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra kra. 421 6. vinyAsa rUparekhA (citra kra. 42 ) se bhI isake sadbhAva kA bodha ho sakatA hai| 112 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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gurjara-pratihAra kAla kI kar3I siddha karatI haiN| anumAnataH yaha AThavIM zatI meM kabhI nirmita huA hogA / jise abhI hama maNDapa kaha Aye haiM use yadi ardhamaNDapa kaheM to hameM aMgazikhara ke nIce vAle laghu-kakSa ( 3 phuTa 3 iMca caur3e aura 10 phuTa 2 iMca lambe ) ko maNDapa kahane kI suvidhA hogii| yaha maNDapa sAmane ke rAhApaga meM eka alaMkRta praveza-dvAra ke sAtha saMyojita hai / isase sampUrNa mandira meM eka ora bhavyatA kA saMcAra huA hai to dUsarI ora gurjara-pratihArakAlIna vAstukalA kA svarUpa spaSTatara huA hai| praveza-dvAra para tIna zAkhAeM haiN| gaMgA-yamunA aura anya alaMkaraNoM se guptakAlIna praveza-dvAra kA AbhAsa milatA hai| garbhagRha aura usakA praveza-dvAra alaMkRta nahIM hai, para usameM sthita mUrtiyA~ prAcInatA aura kalApUrNatA ke lie vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene yogya haiM / ' gayA aMga - zikhara kI U~cAI ( chata se ) 11 phuTa 8 iMca hai| usameM sarvaprathama 4 phuTa 2 iMca caur3I ora 5 phuTa 3 iMca U~cI stambhayukta devakulikA hai / usakA toraNa TUTa hai / mukhya mUrti bhI girakara TUTa gayI thI, ataH usake sthAna para dUsarI sthApita kara dI gayI hai / usake dAyeM pArzvanAtha aura bAyeM supArzvanAtha kI pUrvavartI mUrtiyA~ haiM / mukhya mUrti ke aSTaprAtihArya vAlA bhAga mUlarUpa meM hai jisake madhya meM ur3Ana bharate hue caturbhuja udghoSaka kI sthiti asAdhAraNa hai| usake donoM ora tIna-tIna devakulikAe~ haiM jinameM se madhyavartiyoM meM padmAsana aura pAzvavartiyoM meM kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ haiM / isa vizAla devakulikA ke donoM ora do-do zrIvatsa, unake Upara eka-eka zrIvatsa ke sAtha kalpavRkSa aura unake bhI Upara (bAyIM ora) dharaNendra - padmAvatI aura ( dAyIM ora) tIna tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| I isa sabake Upara patrAvalI aura usake bhI Upara lagabhaga 5 phuTa ke trikoNa para toraNAkAra aMkana hai jisameM sazakta ur3Ana bharatA huA vidyAdhara - yugala darzanIya vana par3A hai| mukhya zikhara, jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, adhiSThAna se hI prArambha ho jAtA hai aura chata ke lagabhaga 6 phuTa kI UMcAI para se adhikAdhika patalA hone lagatA | 'Amalaka' kAphI bar3A hai, jisapara AcchAdana sahita kalaza hai / usapara 'AmalikA' aura usapara 'daNDa' sthita hai / sampUrNa zikhara kI U~cAI chata se anumAnataH 25 phuTa hai / 1. isameM sthita eka aisI hI mUrti ke lie hai - citra saMkhyA 62 / 2. paMcama adhyAya kI ttippnnii| 3. tIthakara kI gaNa ko indubhi bajAkara bilAka meM gaMvA denevAlA ! sthApatya : 113

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(8) mandira saMkhyA 5 yaha mandira' uparyukta mandira (saMkhyA 28) kA samakAlIna pratIta hotA hai, yadyapi isakA zikhara usakI apekSA kama U~cA aura kama vikasita hai| praveza-dvAroM para gaMgA-yamunA ke atirikta mahAmAnasI (16vIM vidyAdevI), gorI (9vIM vidyAdevI), mahAkAlI (8vIM vidyAdevI)' aura ambikA ke Alekhana se bhI yaha gurjara-pratihArakAlIna vAstu siddha hotA hai| bhItara samacatuSkoNa (7 phuTa 2 iMca) isa mandira meM 1 phuTa kA samacatuSkoNa aura 7 phuTa 10 iMca U~cA eka stambha sthita hai| kucha varSa pUrva kiye gaye jIrNoddhAra ke samaya isakI asta-vyasta caukI vyavasthita kI gayI thii| cokI / phuTa 3 iMca U~cI hai, jisake cAroM ora siMhAsana ke sabhI Avazyaka lakSaNa, kIrtimukha, siMha aura yakSa-yakSiyA~ Adi aMkita haiN| yaha do pASANoM se milakara banI hai| isake Upara 3 iMca kI zilA aura usake bhI Upara 6 iMca kI kamalAkRti zilA sthita hai| usapara bhI 2 iMca kI eka alaMkaraNa-rahita zilA sthita hai, jo jIrNoddhAra ke samaya yA to badala dI gayI hai yA atirikta rUpa se samAviSTa kara dI gayI hai| isa para :, phuTa 6 iMca U~cI aura 2 phuTa 9 iMca kA (bIca meM) samacatapkoNa pApANa sthita hai, jo Upara jAkara 2 phuTa 4 iMca kA samacatuSkoNa raha jAtA hai| isa pASANa ke cAroM ora samAnAntara 11 (Ar3I) zAkhAoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsargAsana aura padmAsana mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| usake zIrpa ke pratyeka pArzva meM 5-5 devakulikAe~ haiM jinameM se pratyeka dUsarI aura cauthI meM kAyotsargAsana aura zepa meM padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiN| devakulikAoM ke Upara sAdhAraNa alaMkaraNa aura usake Upara eka kamalAkRti kA Alekhana hai| praveza-dvAroM kI dRSTi se yaha mandira vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| pUrva aura pazcima meM to paMcazAkhA-dvAra haiM hI, uttara aura dakSiNa meM bhI kalAkAra ne pApANa meM dvArAkRtiyA~ utkIrNa karane kA adbhuta aura saphala prayatna kiyA hai| phalasvarUpa yaha 1. de.-citra saMkhyA 5 se 8 tk| 2. isake lakSaNa ke lie de.-caturtha adhyAya kI ttippnnii| 3. lakSaNa ke lie de..--caturtha adhyAya kI ttippnnii| 4. isake lakSaNa ke lie de.-caturtha adhyAya kI ttippnnii| 5. de.-citra saMkhyA 81 6. de.-citra saMkhyA 6 aura 71 7. uttara kI dvAra-AkRti citra saMkhyA pA~ca meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| 114 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mAndara sattAmA lAgna kA koTi meM A sakatA hai| isakI dvArAkRtiyA~ vAstava meM atyanta bhavya bana par3I haiN| unaka tathAkathita kapATa itanI sUkSmatA aura yathArthatA se utkIrNa hue haiM ki unakaM vAstA dhaka hone kA bhrama hA vinA nahIM rhtaa| praveza-dvAroM aura kapAToM se aise alaMkaraNa bAda meM bhI calate rhe| pUnA ke nikaTa (lagabhaga 20 mIla) 'vAI' nAmaka grAma meM eka jamIMdAra ke nivAsa meM atyanta alaMkRta praveza-dvAra hai| prastuta dvAra aura kapATa vAstavika nahIM haiM balki pApANa-nirmita haiM, jabaki 'vAI' grAma meM ve vAstavika Ara kApThanirmita hona ke sAtha hI sAtha uttaravartI (ava se lagabhaga 150 varSa prAcIna) bhI haiN| tathApi ina donoM meM alaMkaraNa sambandhI kramika vikAsa ke lakSaNa spaSTa rUpa se dekhe jA sakate haiN| isa mandira meM tIna abhilekha prApta hue haiM : (1) pazcimI-dvAra ke bAyIM ora vahibhitti para Ara (2) pazcimI dvAra kI Dyor3hI para utkIrNa tathA (3) pUrvI dvAra ke bhItara Upara jar3A huA, jinameM kramazaH saMvat 1120, 1500 aura 1503 par3hA jA sakatA hai| prathama do abhilekhoM meM yAtriyoM ke kIrtimAna haiM, jabaki tIsare meM isa mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA ullekha hai| mandira ke nirmANa kA ullekha kisI meM nahIM hai| (9) mandira saMkhyA 11 vivecya mandira (citra saMkhyA 15), devagar3ha ke ekamAtra dvitala mandira ke rUpa meM ullekhanIya hai| isakI vahibhittiyA~ alaMkRta na hokara bhI khajurAho kA pUrvarUpa pratIta hotI haiN| dAnoM taloM ke praveza-dvAroM ko bhI alaMkaraNa kI dRSTi se khajurAho kA pUrvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| sambhogarata yugma, AkarSaka ceSTAoM meM magna sundariyoM ora mohaka madrAoM meM prastuta apsarAoM kI virala saMyojanA bhI ukta tathya ko puSTa karatI hai| Azcarya nahIM ki khajurAho ke sthapati aura mUrtikAra ne yahA~ prazikSaNa prApta karake hI vahA~ apanA kauzala dikhAyA ho| bahibhittiyoM meM adhiSThAna se 2 phuTa 2 iMca kI UMcAI se 3 phuTa 6 iMca U~cI 1. (a) alindAnA vyavacchedo nAsti yatra samantataH / tadvAntu sarvatobhadraM caturdAra-samAyutam / / varAhamihira : vRtsaMhitA : (baMgalaura, 1917), adhyAya 53, zloka 31 kI TIkA meM uddhRta garga kA mt| (va) agnipurANa : adhyAya / / 01, padya 14 / (sa) garuDapurANa : adhyAya 47, padya 22 / (da) aparAjitapRcchA, 159, 13-1601 '. klAuDa vATalI (Claud Beatley) : dI DijAina DevalapameNTa oNva iNDiyana ArcITekcara (laMdana 1918), phalaka 371 3. mandira saMkhyA 3 bhI pahale dvitala thA, parantu usake atyanta jIrNa ho jAne se vartamAna meM usa ekatala kara diyA gayA hai| sthApatya :: 115

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eka paMkti hai, jisameM sAdhAraNa stambhoM dvArA devakulikAoM kA AbhAsa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| parantu kucha devakulikAoM meM hI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM, kucha meM mAna-stambhoM kA Alekhana hai, zeSa adhikAMza alaMkaraNa-rahita haiN| isake Upara dUsarI paMkti hai| vaha apekSAkRta kama U~cI hai aura usameM koI alaMkaraNa nahIM hai| tIsarI paMkti kI U~cAI lagabhaga prathama paMkti ke barAbara hai aura usameM saghana stambhAkRtiyoM ke atirikta koI aMkana nahIM hai| - isakA ardhamaNDapa AThaM stambhoM para AdhArita hai| vaha itanA lambA hai ki use ardhamaNDapa kahanA ucita nahIM pratIta hotaa| praveza-dvAra kA alaMkaraNa gurjara-pratihArakAla se bAda kA, kadAcit kalacuri-kAlIna pratIta hotA hai| mahAmaNDapa kAphI vizAla hai| garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra bhI alaMkRta hai| usameM 2 phuTa 1 iMca U~cI, 2 phuTa 1 iMca caur3I aura 6 phuTa 5 iMca lambI vedI hai, usapara vartamAna meM koI pratimA nahIM hai| usake nIce mahAvIra kI (siMha kA cihna aspaSTa) vizAlAkAra padmAsana mUrti rakhI hai, usameM saMvat 1105 kA tIna paMktiyoM kA lekha utkIrNa hai| usameM mandira ke nirmANa aura pratiSThA Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, jaisA ki zrI sAhanI ne bhramavaza likha diyA hai| vaise bhI mandira ke nirmANa yA pratiSThA kA ullekha pratimA para ho, yaha bAta asaMgata hai| mahAmaNDapa ke uttara-pUrvI kone meM dUsare tala ke lie sopAna mArga hai|' san 1939 (pharavarI) meM gajaratha pratiSThA ke samaya isakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA thaa| dUsare tala para ardhamaNDapa ke vAyeM aura dAyeM eka-eka vedikA hai, jinakI bAhyaveSTanI ke rUpa meM saMyojita zilAe~ bAhara kI ora stanbhAkAra alaMkaraNoM se yukta haiN| mahAmaNDapa kA praveza-dvAra alaMkRta hai| usake bAyeM dvArapakSa para aMkita darpaNadhAriNI zucismitA hameM khajurAho kI jagatprasiddha darpaNadhAriNI sura-sundarI kA smaraNa karAtI hai| garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra para ambikA aMkita hai, jisase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki dUsare tala ke mUlanAyaka neminAtha the| jIrNoddhAra ke samaya unakI mUrti nIce ke tala meM sthAnAntarita kara dI gayI, jise Aja bhI vahA~ dekhA jA sakatA hai| isameM sthita zAntinAtha kI mUrti (sthApita saMkhyA 1995) devagar3ha kI ekamAtra saMgamaramara kI mUrti hai|' 1. dekhie...davArAma sAhanI : e. pro. ri., 19918, 'bhAga do : pariziSTa / ' 15. oNbhalekha kamAMka +5 / 2. dekhie--vinyAsa rUparekhA, citra saMkhyA 38 / 3. dekhie --citra saMkhyA / 17 / 1. ina paMktiyAM ke likhe jAne taka vahA~ nikaTavartI grAma khajariyA (gAlinagara) se barasAgarana apiTata mRtiyA~ AyI haiM, jinameM se kucha saMgamaramara kI bhI / / 116 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika vana

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zelI aura alaMkaraNa Adi kI dRSTi se ise kalacurikAlIna (lagabhaga 900 IsavI) vAstu kahA jA sakatA hai| (10) zeSa mandira uparilikhita nau mandiroM ke atirikta zeSa meM se adhikAMza kA nirmANa kalacuriyoM ke zAsanakAla meM huA honA caahie| candelakAla meM vAstu kalA ke jo pramukha lakSaNa pracalita the ve devagar3ha meM kadAcit hI milate haiN| unakA avikasita aura prArambhika rUpa avazya yahA~ dRSTigata hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vAstu-nirmANa kI paramparA devagar3ha meM dasavIM zatAbdI se Age nahIM bddh'ii| eka-do mandiroM kA nirmANa mugalakAla meM huA pratIta hotA hai| jIrNoddhAra kA kArya jaisA ki abhilekhoM se prakaTa hotA hai, nauvIM zatI se calatA rahA hai| isase mandiroM ke mUlarUpa meM kucha antara avazya AyA hogaa| abhI kucha varSoM se isa kSetra kI prabandhaka-samiti dvArA jo bar3e paimAne para jIrNoddhAra karAyA gayA hai, usameM mUlarUpa kI surakSA kA yathocita dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| sarvazrI kaniMghama, phuharara aura sAhanI Adi pUrvavartI lekhakoM ne ina mandiroM kA jisa rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, ve prAyaH usI rUpa meM Aja bhI paryApta jIrNoddhAra ho cukane para bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| isase ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| 5. mAnastambha mAnastambha kA nirmANa kadAcit sarvaprathama mathurA meM (zaka-kuSANa kAla meM) huA thaa| usase pUrva maurya samrATa azoka vizAla aura kalApUrNa stambhoM kA nirmANa karA cukA thaa| jaina-paramparA meM stambhoM ko mAnastambha kA rUpa dekara mandiroM ke sAmane nirmita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| mandira ko samavasaraNa kA pratIka mAnA jAya to usakI cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka mAnastambha nirmita honA cAhie, yadyapi aisA udAharaNa kadAcit kahIM prastuta nahIM kiyA gyaa| AcArya jinasena ke anusAra mAnastambha kA uddezya jinendradeva ke trilokAtIta mAna (zreSThatA) ko sUcita karanA hai| mathurA ke anantara sarvAdhika prAcIna mAnastambha kadAcit devagar3ha meM hI upalabdha hue haiN| yaha 1. udAharaNArtha mandira saMkhyA 6 kA nirmANa ava se lagabhaga 500 varSa pUrva huA hogA aura samIpavartI dhvasta smArakoM kI mUrtiyA isameM sthApita kara dI gayI hoMgI, kyoMki isakA bhavana sthApatya-kalA kI dRSTi se bahuta hI Adhunika pratIta hotA hai| dekhie-citra saMkhyA 9 / .). mAnastambhAnu mahAmAnayogAt trailokymaannaat| anvartha-saMjJayA tajjJamAnastambhAH prakIrtitAH / -AdipurANa, 92, 102 / sthApatya :: 117

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paramparA devagar3ha meM hI kaI zatAbdiyoM taka calatI rhii| anya sthAnoM para bhI mAnastambhoM kA nirmANa huA aura Aja bhI hotA A rahA hai / mAnastambhoM kA svarUpa prAyaH sarvatra eka samAna milA hai| bhUmi para eka ke Upara eka nirmita tIna pIThikAoM (adhiSThAnoM) para stambhadaNDa sthita rahatA hai jisake zIrSa para eka 'sarvatobhadrikA' sthApita hotI hai| pIThikAe~ kabhI-kabhI alaMkRta bhI hotI haiM / stambhadaNDa kahIM alaMkRta mile haiM aura kahIM alpa- alaMkRta yA alaMkaraNa - vihIna / sarvatobhadrikA sarvatra alaMkRta hI prApta huI hai / usake cAroM ora eka-eka stambhayukta devakulikA aMkita hotI hai, jinameM sarvatobhadrikA yA to usI pASANa meM utkIrNa kI gayI hotI hai yA pRthak rUpa se sthApita kara dI jAtI hai / isa sabake Upara eka laghu zikharAkRti kA Alekhana hotA hai / sarvatobhadrikA catuSkoNa hI hotI hai jabaki stambhadaNDa vRttAkAra yA catuSkoNa yA aSTakoNa hotA hai / pIThikAoM kA AkAra prAyaH stambhadaNDa ke samAna hotA hai / sampUrNa mAnastambha kabhI eka, kabhI do aura kabhI tIna pASANoM dvArA nirmita hotA hai / mAnastambhoM kI U~cAI bhinna-bhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNoM ke anupAta meM bhinna-bhinna hotI hai / upalabdha mAnastambhoM kI U~cAI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya nahIM hai aura na hI sambaddha mandira kI U~cAI se usakI U~cAI kA anupAta milatA hai| 1 madhyakAlIna bhArata meM jaina mandira ke sammukha vizAla stambha banavAne kI prathA vizeSataH digambara jaina samAja meM rahI hai| dakSiNa bhArata aura vindhya prAnta meM aise stambhoM kI upalabdhi pracura parimANa meM huI hai| prAcIna vAstu viSayaka granthoM meM kIrtistambhoM kI AMzika carcA avazya hai, para mAnastambhoM ke viSaya meM ve mauna haiN| yadyapi jaina paurANika sAhitya to isakA astitva bahuta prAcIna kAla se batAtA hai, para utane prAcIna yA sApekSataH arvAcIna stambha upalabdha kama hue haiN| upalabdha sAdhanoM se to yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki madhyakAla meM jaina vAstukalA kA vaha eka aMga avazya bana gayA thaa| yaha mAnastambha indradhvaja kA pratIka honA adhika yukti-saMgata jAna par3atA hai, jo bhagavAn ke vihAra ke Age rahatA thA / devagar3ha Adi meM pAye gaye mAnastambha ke avazeSoM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki mAnastambhoM kI maulika paramparA bhale hI eka sI rahI ho, para prAntIya kalA viSayaka evaM nirmANa zailI sambandhI pArthakya unameM spaSTa hai / devagar3ha Adi meM pAye jAne vAle adhika mAnastambha aise haiM, jinake Upara ke bhAga meM zikhara-jaisI AkRti hai / ' devagar3ha meM isa samaya 19 mAnastambha vidyamAna haiM / " parantu jaisA ki dvitIya adhyAya ke anta meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, inameM se sabhI ko mAnastambha kahanA ucita 1. muni kAntisAgara : khaMDaharoM kA vaibhava (kAzI, 1959 I.), pR. 119-201 2. kucha pramukha mAnastambhoM ke lie dekhie - citra saMkhyA 43 se 48 taka / 118 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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na hogaa| kucha mAnastambha spaSTa rUpa meM sthAnAntarita kiye gaye jJAta hote haiN| yaha kahane meM saMkoca nahIM honA cAhie ki devagar3ha mAnastambhoM kI dRSTi se utanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna nahIM hai, jitanA mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI dRSTi se / tathApi mAnastambha kramAMka gyAraha (citra saMkhyA 45), bAraha (citra saMkhyA 46), teraha (citra saMkhyA 47) aura satraha (citra saMkhyA 48) ko kalAgata sUkSmatA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa mAnanA caahie| mAnastambha kramAMka satraha (citra saMkhyA 48) Adi prAcInatA kI dRSTi se bhI ullekhanIya haiN| sthApatya :: 119

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4 mUrtikalA ( tIrthaMkara tathA deva - deviyA~) mUrti-nirmANa-kendra devagar3ha meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa pracuratA se huaa| unakI saMkhyA aura vividhatA se pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ bahuta bar3A mUrti-nirmANa- kendra thA, anyathA tIrthaMkaroM tathA anya devoM-deviyoM kI saikar3oM mUrtiyoM ke eka hI sthAna para nirmita hone kA kAraNa dRSTigata nahIM hotA / mathurA kI bhA~ti devagar3ha meM nirmita mUrtiyA~ samIpavartI aura kadAcit dUravartI sthAnoM ko bhI bhejI jAtI rahI hoMgI | yahA~ choTI-bar3I bahusaMkhyaka mUrtiyoM kI upalabdhi tathA kucha adhagar3hI mUrtiyoM kA pAyA jAnA yahI siddha karatA hai ki devagar3ha mUrti nirmANa - kendra bhI thA / devagar3ha ke nikaTavartI cA~dapura, jahAjapura, dUdhaI, AmanacAra, lalitapura kSetrapAla, serona, bAnapura Adi sthAnoM para upalabdha sahasroM mUrtiyoM aura unake samIpa mUrti nirmANa sambandhI kisI cihna ke upalabdha na hone se bhI uparyukta mAnyatA puSTa hotI hai I upAdAna 1. prAstAvika mUrtiyA~ nirmANa karane ke lie pASANa devagar3ha ke pahAr3a se prApta kiyA jAtA thaa| sAdhAraNataH yahA~ kA 'lAla baluA' aura 'gre nAiTa' pASANa hI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM prayukta huA hai| kucha mUrtiyA~ kAle, pIle aura bhUre baluA patthara kI bhI prApta hotI haiN| kalAkAra devagar3ha ke kalAkAra sthAnIya the yA kahIM anyatra se Aye the, yaha nizcita 120 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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kahanA kaThina hai| yadyapi kucha mUrtiyoM para lekha utkIrNa haiM, parantu unase prastuta prazna para prakAza nahIM pdd'taa| kucha mUrtiyoM para kevala nAma utkIrNa haiM, para ve kalAkAroM kI apekSA samarpaNa-kartAoM ke pratIta hote haiN| yadi ve nAma kalAkAroM ke bhI mAna lie jAe~, to bhI unase kalAkAroM ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| kalAgata vizeSatAoM ko dekhate hue yaha anumAna avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki devagar3ha meM sthAnIya kalAkAroM ke sAtha bAharI kalAkAra bhI kAma karate the| kucha mUrtiyoM para gAndhAra zailI kA prabhAva isa anumAna ko puSTa karatA hai| kucha mUrtiyoM kI mukhAkRti cInI-mukhAkRti se bahuta adhika milatI-julatI hai ataH sambhava hai ki kisI cInI kalAkAra ne bhI apanA kauzala dikhAyA ho| mugalakAla meM nirmita mUrtiyoM ke kalAkAra nizcita hI sthAnIya nahIM the| unakI chainI sthAnIya chainI se spaSTataH bhinna dIkhatI hai| vibhinna kalA-zailiyoM kA prabhAva mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa yahA~ dIrghakAla taka huaa| mauryakAla kI mUrtiyA~ yadyapi aba yahA~ dRSTigata nahIM hotIM yA unake lakSaNa yahA~ kI mUrtiyoM meM sAdhAraNataH nahIM pAye jAte, tathApi yaha mAnanA hogA ki usa samaya yahA~ mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho cukA thaa| gAndhAra kalA kA prabhAva to nizcita rUpa se yahA~ kI aneka mUrtiyoM para dekhA jA sakatA hai| eka viziSTa mukhAkRti, jo gAndhAra kalA kI vizeSatA hai, yahA~ kI na kevala tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM balki deva-deviyoM aura strI-puruSoM kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI paryApta saphalatA se aMkita kI gayI hai| pratyuta yaha mukhAkRti yahA~ kI sarvAdhika lokapriya vizeSatA rahI hai, jisakA prabhAva paravartI mUrtiyoM para bhI vidyamAna rahA hai, yahA~ taka ki usI ke kAraNa candelakAlIna mUrti-kalA yahA~ kama hI panapa skii| guptakAla kI aneka mUrtiyA~ yahA~ upalabdha haiM, jinakA vistRta aura sapramANa vivaraNa hama agrima pRSThoM meM prastuta kreNge| kalacuri aura candela yuga meM yahA~ pracuratA se mUrtiyA~ nirmita huiiN| mugalakAla taka yahA~ mUrtiyoM ke nirmita hote rahane ke pramANa milate haiN| 1. de.-citra saMkhyA 50 / 2. de.-citra saMkhyA 73 / 3. yahA~ ke eka abhilekha meM azokakAlIna brAhmI kA bhI prayoga huA hai| de.-citra saM. 49 / 4. de.-citra saM. 501 5. de.-citra saM. 51, 52, 53, 54 aadi| mUrtikalA :: 121

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svatantra mUrtikalA mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se devagar3ha kI apanI svatantra zailI thI, jo guptakAla meM spaSTatara ho utthii| isa zailI meM mUrtiyoM ke cehare lambotara hote haiN| mathurA, sAranAtha, ahicchatra aura kauzAmbI se isa zailI meM bhinnatA hai| devagar3ha meM aisI aneka mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, jo mukhyatayA AdhyAtmika haiM aura bAhya-saMsAra ke prati udAsInatA kA spaSTa bhAva abhivyakta karatI haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ to apanI sajjAgata samRddhi evaM kendrasthita tathA cAroM ora sthita mUrtiyoM ke ekIkaraNa kI dRSTi se guptakalA kI saphalatA ko bhI pIche chor3a gayI haiN| zAsana-deviyoM aura vidyA-deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM meM alaukika saundarya evaM adbhuta camatkAra kI sRSTi karane meM kalAkAra pUrNa rUpa se saphala huA hai| __ mUrtiyoM ke mAdhyama se devagar3ha meM mAnava jIvana ke prAyaH sabhI aMgoM (pahaluoM) para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| hama vahA~ eka ora vItarAga upadeza dete hue upAdhyAya parameSThI ko dekhate haiM to dUsarI ora parastrI lampaTa ko piTatA huA' bhI dekhate haiN| pazu-pakSiyoM, latA-vRkSoM aura pratIkoM kA aMkana karane meM bhI yahA~ kA kalAkAra pIche nahIM rhaa| devagar3ha kI adhikAMza mUrtiyA~ zilApaTToM para utkIrNa kI gyiiN| pASANa ko cAroM ora se korakara banAyI huI svatantra mUrtiyA~ yahA~ bahuta kama haiN| parikara aura alaMkaraNa devagar3ha kI prAyaH sabhI mUrtiyA~ apane parikaroM aura alaMkaraNoM ke sAtha prastuta kI gayI haiM, isakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki unheM zilApaTToM para utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| isase jahA~ mukhya-mUrti meM bhavyatA aura jaina-pratimA-zAstra meM samRddhi kA 1. de.-citra saM. 53, 54 aadi| 2. de.-citra saM. 511 3. de.-citra saM. 61, isa mUrti kA zira isa samaya sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| 4. de.-citra saM. 99 se 110 tk| 5. de.-mandira saM. 5, 9, 12 Adi ke dvAroM para Alikhita vidyA-deviyoM kI muurtiyaaN| 6. de.-di. jaina caityAlaya evaM sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita upAdhyAya-mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 83 aura 84 / 7. de.-maM.saM. 4 ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para bAyeM tathA citra saM. 115 / 8. inake vistRta vivaraNa ke lie de.-pA~cavA~ adhyaay| 9. inake vistRta paricaya ke lie de.-pA~cavA~ adhyaay| 10. inakA savistAra paricaya de.-pA~cavA~ adhyaay| 122 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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unmeSa huA hai vahA~ vaha kucha bojhila-sI banakara raha gayI aura kabhI-kabhI kalAkAra bhI isa atirikta kArya se Ubakara parikara ko mukhya-mUrti kI apekSA kama sUkSmatA ke sAtha utkIrNa karatA hai| zilApaTToM ke pRSTha bhAga para to kalAkAra kI chainI nahIM hI calI hai, kinAre bhI anagar3ha chor3a diye gaye haiN| isalie kabhI-kabhI to yaha bhrama hone lagatA hai ki amuka zilApaTTa kisI bar3e zilApaTTa kA khaNDa to nahIM hai| alaMkaraNa aura parikara kI maryAdA kA nirvAha karane meM kalAkAra ko bahuta ulajhana huI hai| zilApaTTa ke choTe hone yA alaMkaraNa aura parikara kI adhikatA hone se kalAkAra aneka bAra niyoga-pUrti-sI karatA dIkha par3atA hai| parikara kI mUrtiyoM ko vaha apekSAkRta laghu-AkAra meM aura sthUla rUpa meM gar3hakara hI chor3a detA hai| isake viparIta aneka mUrtiyoM meM yaha bhI huA hai ki alaMkaraNa aura parikara ko atyadhika pradhAnatA de dI gayI hai jisameM mukhya-mUrti chipI huI-sI dRSTigocara hotI hai| bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA hI prabhAva thA ki tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrti samaya ke sAtha kramazaH choTI hotI gayI aura unakI zAsana-deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bRhadAkAra hotI gyiiN| prArambha meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrti ke sAtha zAsana-deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ yA to aMkita hI nahIM hotI thIM yA bahuta choTe AkAra meM aMkita hotI thIM; jabaki bhaTTArakoM ke pracAra aura prabhAva kI vRddhi ke sAtha yaha pUrNataH viparIta hotA gayA aura sthiti yahA~ taka AyI ki tIrthaMkara-mUrti kI apekSA zAsana-devI kI mUrti bIsa gunI bar3I taka banAyI jAne lgii| zAsana-deviyoM kI virATatA kI yaha paramparA devagar3ha meM apane sarvocca rUpa meM dekhane ko milatI hai| yahA~ unakI U~cAI mAnavAkAra taka ho gayI hai jabaki unake adhiSThAtA tIrthaMkara mukuTa kA eka aMga yA pratIka-aMkana mAtra banakara raha gaye haiN|' cyutiyA~ kucha mUrtiyA~ aise kalAkAroM dvArA gar3hI gayI haiM, jo zAstrIya vidhAnoM se yA to aparicita the yA asAvadhAna the| udAharaNa ke lie ambikA yakSI kI kucha mUrtiyoM kA peTa bahuta bar3A dikhAyA gayA hai| kalAkAra yadi use garbhavatI dikhAnA cAhatA 1. de.-citra saM. 50, 51, 52 aadi| 2. de.-citra saM. 58, 59, 60, 61, 74, 75 aadi| 3. de.-sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita cakrezvarI evaM padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ tathA jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI evaM vibhinna mandiroM meM vidyamAna ykssii-muurtiyaaN| aura de.-citra saM. 99, 100, 106, 103, 109, 104, 107, 108, 110 aadi| 4. de.-maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha meM jar3I huI ambikA-mUrtiyA~ tathA sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita cakrezvarI-mUrtiyA~ aura bhI de.-citra saM. 105, 99, 100, 106, 97 aadi| 5. de.-jaina cahAradIvArI kA bAharI ora uttara meM jar3I huI aneka ambikA-mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 1031 mUrtikalA :: 123

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thA to nizcita hI vaha azAstrIya thA, kyoMki jaina-deva-zAstra ke anusAra deviyA~ kabhI garbhavatI nahIM hotii| yadi sAdhAraNa rUpa meM hI peTa ko bar3A dikhAyA gayA hai to vaha bhI ucita nahIM, deviyoM ke saundarya meM bar3e peTa kA vidrUpa-aMkana bAdhaka hI hogaa| isI prakAra kucha sthAnoM para eka devI yA strI ko muni-mUrti se saTI huI dikhAyA gayA hai| yaha bhI zAstrIya maryAdAoM ke viruddha hai| kucha kalAkAra atyanta nava-sikhiyA rahe pratIta hote haiM, unhoMne mUrtiyoM ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke anupAta kA dhyAna nahIM rkhaa| kucha kalAkAroM ko yA unake nirdezakoM ko 'caturviMzati-paTTa' nirmANa karane kI sanaka savAra thii| unake nirmANa meM kalAkAra atyanta asaphala rhe| kucha 'caturviMzati-paTToM' meM mUlanAyaka kI mUrti to acchI hai, kintu zeSa mUrtiyA~ kalA kI dRSTi se bahuta hI nimna stara kI raha gayI haiN|' kabhI-kabhI zilApaTToM para sthAnAbhAva ne bhI kalAkAra ko asaphala banAyA hai, jaba vaha caubIsavIM mUrti ko mUlanAyaka ke pairoM ke nIce aMkita karatA hai aura kabhI-kabhI to use teIsa mUrtiyA~ hI aMkita karake raha jAnA par3atA hai| isakA kAraNa ucita nirdezana kA abhAva, yojanAhInatA athavA kalAkAra kA pramAda hai| vargIkaraNa devagar3ha meM prApta mUrtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa vividha prakAra se sambhava hai| AkAra kI dRSTi se do iMca se teraha phuTa taka kI mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| AsanoM aura mudrAoM kI dRSTi se kAyotsargAsana, padmAsana, lalitAsana, rAjalIlAsana, ardhaparyaMkAsana tathA dharmopadeza mudrA, vitarkamudrA, tribhaMgamudrA, kaTihastamudrA, AliMganamudrA, nRtyamudrA aura sambhogamudrA Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kAlakrama kI dRSTi se unheM mukhyataH tIna zreNiyoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai : (1) chaThavIM zatI IsavI taka nirmita, (2) sAtavIM zatI I. se 12vIM zatI IsavI taka nirmita aura (3) bArahavIM zatI se aThArahavIM zatI IsavI tk| zailI kI dRSTi se inheM AlaMkArika aura anAlaMkArika vargoM meM vibhakta 1. 'devnaarkaannaamuppaadH| --A. umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra (sUrata, 2472 vIra saM.) 2-34 / 2. de.-maM.saM. eka ke pRSTha bhAga meM jar3I huI mUrtimAlA tathA maM.saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke Age ke __stambhoM para nirmita muurtiyaaN| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 80, 16 aadi| 3. de.-maM.saM. 6, 12 (mahAmaNDapa) tathA jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI aneka mUrtiyA~, tathA citra saM. 55, 63, 70 aadi| 4. de.-maM.saM. 4, 12, 25, 26 aura 29 meM sthApita caubIsa mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 64 / 5. de.-maM.saM. 4 / 6. de.-maM. saM. 4, 12, 25, 26 tathA citra saM. 65 / 124 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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kara sakate haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ AdhyAtmika uddezya se aura kucha laukika uddezya se nirmita huI haiN| isa dRSTi se bhI unheM do bhAgoM meM rakha sakate haiN| parantu yahA~ kI mUrtiyoM kA suvidhAjanaka vibhAjana hama dasa vargoM meM kareMge : 1. tIrthakara, 2. deva - deviyA~, 3. vidyAdhara, 4. sAdhu-sAdhviyA~, 5. zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~, 6. yugma aura maNDaliyA~, 7. pratIka, 8 pazu-pakSI, 9. mudrAe~ aura Asana tathA 10. prakRti citraNa | aba hama kramazaH pratyeka varga kI mUrtiyoM kA sUkSma adhyayana kareMge / 2. devagar3ha kI tIrthaMkara - mUrtikalA kA sAmAnya anuzIlana devagar3ha meM anya mUrtiyoM kI apekSA tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ kaI gunI adhika haiM / mukhya rUpa se AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha, mahAvIra aura zAntinAtha kI hI mUrtiyA~ haiM / bahusaMkhyaka mUrtiyoM para lAMchana aMkita nahIM haiN|' prAyaH sabhI zilApaTToM para utkIrNa kI gayI haiM / dvimUrtikAe~, trimUrtikAe~, sarvatobhadrikAe~ aura caturviMzatipaTTa pracuratA se upalabdha haiM / dvAroM para bhI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA aMkana huA hai / " prAyaH sabhI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna rUpa se kucha paramparAoM kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai 3 | 1. kucha mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa lAMchana zAstrIya mAnyatAoM ke viruddha pratIta hote haiN| jaise- jaTAdhArI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha vandara (de. maM. saM. 9 citra saM. 59), zaMkha (de. - maM.saM. 13, citra 68 ), phaNAvali (de. - maM. saM. do kI kAyo mUrti) tathA phaNAvaliyukta mUrtiyoM ke sAtha cakavA (de. - jaina cahAradIvArI, citra saMkhyA 56 ) aura ambikA yakSI (de. - mandira saMkhyA 12 kA mahAmaNDapa, citra saM. 63) evaM AdinAtha abhilikhita hone para bhI siMha lAMchana (de. - digambara jaina caityAlaya meM pItala kI mUrti) ukta tathya kI puSTi karate haiM I 2. maM. saM. 13, do ( zilApaTTa kra. 5-6 ), 17, 26 Adi meM sthita tathA maM. saM. 12 ke aMga zikhara meM jar3I huI mUrtiyA~ (citra 25) / 3. de. maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa meM jar3I mUrti (citra saM. eka) maM.saM. eka ke pRSThabhAga meM jar3I mUrti / (citra 76), maM. saM. cAra ke garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti meM (citra 75 ), aura bhI dekhie - citra saM. 20, 32 Adi / 1. sarvatobhadra - mUrtiyA~ yahA~ ke mAnastambhoM para (de. - citra saM. 43-45 tathA 48 ) to haiM hI, jaina cahAradIvArI Upara bhI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM (de. - citra saM. 47 meM cahAradIvArI vAlA bhAga ) / 5. caturviMzati paTToM ke lie de. maM. saM. cAra, bAraha, sattAIsa, unatIsa aura sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 61, 65 aura 751 6. de. dUsare koTa kA praveza-dvAra, hAthI daravAjA, tathA maM.saM. 4, 5, 8veM kA vAyA~ dvAra, 9, 11 ke donoM maMjiloM ke praveza-dvAra, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 24 se 31 taka aura laghu mandira saM. 4, 5 tathA 6 ke praveza-dvAra aura bhI de. - citra saM. 6, 18, 35, 81, 821 mUrtikalA : 125

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guptakAla guptakAla taka Ate-Ate devagar3ha kA kalAkAra mUrtiyoM meM sajIvatA aura bhAvanA kA saMcAra karane meM pUrNa saphala ho jAtA hai|' yadyapi alaMkaraNa kI sAdagI banI rahatI hai| yUnAnI prabhAva lupta hokara bhAratIya AkRti pUrNa rUpa se sAmane A jAtI hai| guptottarakAla parantu guptottarakAla meM kalAkAra mUrti ko alaMkaraNa aura camatkAra ke ghere meM ulajhAne lagate haiM, ve AkarSaNa ke nAma para apanI chainI kI sUkSmatA to avazya pradarzita karate haiM, parantu mUrti ke mukhamaNDala para vaha zAnti aura vairAgya kA bhAva nahIM ubhAra pAte jo guptakAlIna kalA kI vizeSatA hai| isa kAla kI anya dharmoM kI kalA meM bhI ye hI pravRttiyA~ parilakSita hotI haiN| isa tathA aise hI anya kalAgata doSoM ke lie na kevala kalAkAra uttaradAyI the, balki unake AdezakartA bhaTTAraka yA unase prabhAvita zrAvaka bhI the| tatkAlIna samAja ko bhI alaMkaraNa kI bojhilatA rucikara thii| AbhUSaNapriyatA, andhavizvAsa Adi bhI isameM sahAyaka the| camatkAra ko mahattva dene kI paramparA bhaTTArakoM meM prArambha se rahI hai| ataH bIsoM asvAbhAvika aura avaijJAnika kathAoM ko gar3hane ke sAtha-hI-sAtha unhoMne kalA meM bhI aise hI tattvoM kA samAveza prArambha kara diyaa| pArzvanAtha ke sAtha phaNAvali ke aMkana ko protsAhana denA inakI isI pravRtti kA pariNAma hai| ziva ke sAtha nAgoM kI phaNAvali Adi aura viSNu kI zeSazayyA Adi tathA bha. buddha ke pRSTha bhAga meM ubhare hue lahariyAdAra vastra ne nizcaya hI bhaTTArakoM ko camatkAra meM DAla diyA hogaa| ataH unhoMne supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke sAtha sarpa kI phaNAvali to dikhAyI hI, 1. de.-citra saM. 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 aadi| 2. (a) paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : nyAyakumudacandrodaya, prathama bhAga (bambaI, 1938 I.), prastAvanA pRSTha 32 1 (ba) paM. nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (bambaI, 1942 I.), pR. 4011 (sa) paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya : nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, prathama bhAga (vArANasI, 1949 I.), prastAvanA pR. 61 / 3. draSTavya-sA~cI purAtattva-saMgrahAlaya meM I. cauthI zatI kI buddha kI khar3I prtimaa| 4. yahA~ para phaNAvali sumatinAtha (jaina cahAradIvArI ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyIM ora bAhara Upara dUsare sthAna para jar3I huI) tathA neminAtha (maM. saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM dAyeM se bAyeM tIsarI) kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha bhI dikhAyI gayI hai| de.-citra saM. 56 aura 63 / 126 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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unakI takiyA ke rUpa meM (pRSTha bhAga meM) usakI kuNDalI bhI dikhaayii|' itanA hI nahIM, isa sabake atirikta, devagar3ha meM pArzvanAtha kI do aisI mUrtiyA~ 2 bhI milI haiM, jinake Asana ke rUpa meM sarpa kI kuNDalI bhI dikhAI gayI hai / ise zeSazAyI viSNu kA anukaraNa hI maaneNge| zeSazAyI viSNu kA eka vicitra kintu sarAhanIya anukaraNa aura kiyA gayA / tIrthaMkara kI mAtA eka AkarSaka mudrA meM leTI haiM / " aura deviyA~ vibhinna prakAra se unakI sevA meM saMlagna haiN| mAtA ke gaurava aura sneha ke pratIka caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA bhI aMkana isameM draSTavya hai / kucha tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha jaTAoM ke aMkana meM to bhaTTAraka ziva ko bhI pIche chor3a dete haiN| ziva kI jaTAe~ lambI avazya rahatI haiM parantu ve prAya: jUr3e meM ba~dhI rahatI haiM, jabaki kucha tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha jaTAe~ itanI adhika aura lambI 1. (a) dekhie - citra saM. 69 aura 70 (va) aisI hI kucha mUrtiyA~ dUdhaI, kSetrapAla (lalitapura) aura serAna meM bhI haiM, jo kadAcit devagar3ha se bhejI gayI hoNgii| ( sa ) isI prakAra kI eka kAyotsarga digambara jaina mUrti (11vIM zatI) (2 phuTa 3 iM.) dakSiNa kanADA ke lepIja lAjUlI (baindUra) meM sthita hai, jisake pRSTha bhAga meM eka moTA kobarA (sarpa) kuNDalI lagAye hue tIrthaMkara ke Upara sAta phaNoM se chAyA kiye hai| de. - DaoN. eca.DI. sAMkaliyA : jaina AikonogrAphI e vAlyUma oNfa iNDiyana eNDa irAniyana sTaDIz2a (vambaI), pR. 342 aura phalaka 1, 2 tathA 4 | 2. maM. saM. 15 ke garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka ke vAyeM, tathA maM. saM. 25 ke garbhagRha meM (abhilikhita) avasthita mUrtiyA~ / de. - citra saM. 71 / 3. kuNDalI kA vistAra yahA~ taka bar3hA ki vaha tIrthaMkara ke Asana meM hI samApta na hokara pRSTha bhAga meM takiyA ke rUpa meM bhI vidyamAna rahane lagI / dekhie - vidizA purAtattva - saMgrahAlaya meM, pASANa pratimA dIrghA kra. eka, mUrti kra. 24 / 4. devagar3ha meM kuNDalI ke mor3a saghana aura sarpa kI moTAI kama aura alaMkRta dikhAI gayI hai, jisase usake aMkana meM kalAkAra kI vizeSa abhiruci kA patA calatA hai, dUsarI ora sA~cI ke purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita nAgarAja kI kuNDalI virala tathA saghana dikhAI gayI hai / 5. hamAre isa kathana kI puSTi vidizA purAtattva - saMgrahAlaya (ke barAmade meM surakSita, pratimA kra. 24 ) kI usa pratimA se aura bhI adhika hotI hai, jisakI pRSThabhAgIya kuNDalI ke mor3oM meM bhI eka-eka nAgI lipaTI dikhAI gayI hai, jisakI preraNA spaSTa rUpa se una aneka nAgiyoM se prApta huI hogI jo zeSazAyI viSNu kI sevA meM upasthita dikhAI jAtI haiN| dekhie - udayagiri (vidizA) kI guphA saM. 6 ke zeSazAyI viSNu kA dRzya tathA isa prakAra kI anya pratimAe~ / 6. de. - citra saM. 93 / 7. yaha mUrti maM. saM. cAra ke garbhagRha kI vAyIM bhitti meM jar3I hai| aisI hI eka anya mUrti yahA~ ke maM. saM. 30 meM bhI vidyamAna hai, aura isI prakAra kI aneka kintu kalA kI dRSTi se kama AkarSaka mUrtiyA~ gvAliyara ke kile meM bhI utkIrNa haiN| mUrtikalA : 127

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dikhAI gayI haiM ki ve jUr3e meM ba~dhane ke bAda bhI bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM kandhoM aura pITha para bikharI huI rahatI haiN| aura kabhI-kabhI to ve itanI lambI hotI haiM ki piNDaliyoM taka A pahu~catI haiN| bhaTTArakoM kI eka pravRtti zAsana-devoM aura zAsana-deviyoM ko apekSAkRta adhika mahattva dene kI bhI rahI hai| prArambha meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke sAtha unakI zAsana-deva-deviyoM kA aMkana nahIM hotA thA parantu bhaTTArakoM kI ukta pravRtti ke phalasvarUpa aisA hone lgaa| itanA hI nahIM, jaisA ki pahale kaha cuke haiM, sthiti yahA~ taka AyI ki tIrthaMkara mUrti kI apekSA zAsana-devI kI mUrti bIsagunI bar3I taka banAyI jAne lgii| deva-deviyoM ke prati bhaTTArakoM kA yaha Agraha yahA~ taka bar3hA ki navagrahoM kA aMkana, jo sarvatra praveza-dvAroM para hI upalabdha hotA hai, tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke sAtha karAnA bhI prArambha kara diyA gayA, isase tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke aizvarya meM vRddhi na hokara vidrUpatA hI AyI hai| guptottara kAla se candela kAla taka aura usake bhI pazcAt mugalakAla ke pUrva taka tIrthaMkara kI mUrti meM saundarya aura AkarSaNa meM abhivRddhi bhale hI huI ho, para vairAgya aura zAnti kI abhivyakti kA nirantara hrAsa hotA gyaa|| __isa prakAra hamane devagar3ha kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kA yaha sAmAnya anuzIlana prastuta kiyA hai| aba hama kucha pratinidhi mUrtiyoM kA tulanAtmaka aura vizleSaNAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta kreNge| 1. de.-maM.saM. 13 ke maNDapa meM (vAyeM se dAyeM) vIsavIM mUrti tathA garbhagRha kI tIsarI vedI para avasthita mUrti, de.-citra saM.68 / maM.saM. 12 ke pradakSiNApatha meM (vAyeM se dAyeM) pacIsavIM mUrti, de. -citra saM. 73 tathA jaina cahAradIvArI (dakSiNI) meM jar3I huI mUrtiyA~, de. -citra saM. 69 / 2. aisI mUrtiyA~ mandira saMkhyA 12 ke pradakSiNApatha meM (bAyeM se dAyeM) 25veM phalaka para (de.-citra saM. 73) tathA mandira saMkhyA 13 ke maNDapa meM (vAyeM se dAyeM) 20veM phalaka (de.-citra saM. 68) para nirmita haiN| 3. de.-citra saMkhyA 99, 100, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108. 110 aadi| 4. yahA~ ke bhI aneka dvAroM para inakA aMkana huA hai| de.-citra saM. 6, 19-20, 35 aadi| 5. de.- (a) maM. saM. 13 ke maNDapa meM (vAyeM se dAyeM) 20vA~ phalaka (citra saM. 68) maM. saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM (dAyeM se bAyeM) tIsarA phalaka (citra saMkhyA 63) tathA isI mandira ke garbhagRha ke mUlanAyaka (citra saM. 51) / (ba) yahA~ tIrthaMkara ke atirikta devI mUrtiyoM meM bhI navagrahoM ke aMkana kA pracalana thaa| de. -jena cahAradIvArI ke bAharI aura uttara meM (dAyeM se bAya) pA~caveM sthAna para Upara jar3I huI khaNDita devI muurti| 128 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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3. tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ prAcInatama mUrti mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM sthita eka padmAsana mUrti devagar3ha kI prAcInatama mUrtiyoM meM se eka hai| isakA AkAra 4 phuTa 2 iMca x 3 phuTa 5 iMca hai| isakA zilAphalaka vartamAna meM 3 phuTa 8 iMca U~ce aura 2 phuTa 4% iMca caur3e siMhAsana para sthita hai| aura vartamAna meM donoM ko sImeNTa se jor3a diyA gayA hai| isa siMhAsana meM donoM ora eka-eka siMha evaM unake madhya meM eka dharmacakra utkIrNa hai| isa sabake Upara ulaTe tihare kamala kA manorama aMkana hai| mUrti kA zilAphalaka , phuTa 6 iMca x 3 phuTa 9 iMca hai| Asana uSNISa-numA hai tathA usa para ulaTA duharA kamala Alikhita hai| mUrti ke donoM ghuTane aura nAka aMzataH khaNDita haiM, aura bhI aneka sthAnoM para choTe-choTe gaDDhe par3a gaye haiN| mUrti ke AsanAdi para koI cihna nahIM hai| zrIvatsa atyanta samatala aura sakSma dIkha par3atA hai| grIvA meM trivali sUkSma kintu spaSTa hai| Thor3hI kiMcit Age ko nikalI huI hai, hoTha moTe aura saTe hue haiM, netra ubhare, phaile aura lambe, kAna lambe kintu kandhoM kA sparza na karate hue tathA keza dhuMgharAle haiN| sajjA meM kevala bhAmaNDala hI hai jo kama alaMkRta aura kama ubharA huA hai| DaoN. klAja brUna ke zabdoM meM- "yahA~ sira khUba caur3A hai, sthUla adhara kAphI saTe hue haiM, tathA ardha-nimIlita netra kucha adhika bAhara kI ora jhuke hue haiN| uThI huI bhRkuTiyA~ dRr3hatA aura Antarika ekAgratA ke bhAva ko puSTi pradAna karatI haiN| yahA~ gauNa pratimAoM tathA sajjA-tattvoM kA prAyaH abhAva hai|"3 eka advitIya padmAsana tIrthaMkara mandira saMkhyA 15 ke maNDapa meM sthita padmAsana tIrthaMkara kI eka mUrti guptakAla ke turanta bAda kI kalA kA pUrNatayA pratinidhitva karatI hai| nAsAgra dRSTi, sAMsArikatA se tIvra virakti Adi isa mUrti kI vizeSatAe~ haiN| alaMkaraNa meM paramparA ke nirvAha ke sAtha eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM donoM ora zArdUloM kA Alekhana 1. vAyaM se dAyeM cauthii| 2. de -citra saM. 50 / isakA nirmANa kAla cauthI zatI I. mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM guptakAlIna aihikatA aura AdhyAtmikatA kA kevala samanvaya hI nahIM hai balki aMga-pratyaMgoM kA gaThana, bhAvAbhivyakti kI utkRSTatA, dhyAnamagnatA Adi bhI darzanIya haiN| 3. da-'jainayuga', maI 1959 meM prakAzita ('madhyadeza ke jainatIrtha : devagar3ha') / 1. de. -citra saM. 52 mUrtikalA :: 129

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huA hai| yaha vizeSatA devagar3ha meM bhI atyanta virala hai, anyatra to kadAcit nahIM hI hai| isa dRSTi se yaha mUrti bhAratIya mUrtikalA meM apane DhaMga kI advitIya mAnI jA sakatI hai| isake aMga-pratyaMga kA aMkana aura bhAvoM kI abhivyakti bahuta AkarSaka hai| aisA krama sA~cI, eraNa aura devagar3ha ke hI dazAvatAra mandira kI mUrtiyoM meM prApta hotA hai| vizAlatama mUrti mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha meM isI zrRMkhalA kI evaM devagar3ha kI vizAlatama mUrti sthita hai| isa mUrti kI kula U~cAI 12 phuTa 4 iMca, pairoM se kamara taka kI U~cAI 7 phuTa 3 iMca, hAtha kI nIce kI aMgulI se kandhe taka kI U~cAI 6 phuTa 1 iMca, eka kandhe se dUsare kandhe taka kI caur3AI 3 phuTa 6 iMca aura jaTAjUTa se chatra taka kI U~cAI 1 phuTa 8 iMca hai| kAla ke karAla thaper3oM se yaha mahattvapUrNa mUrti bahuta kucha khaNDita ho gayI hai parantu bhaktoM ne usakI yathAsambhava jur3AI karA dI hai, ise solahaveM tIrthaMkara 'zAntinAtha' kI mUrti mAnakara isa mandira kA nAma hI 'zAntinAtha mandira' pracalita ho gayA hai jabaki zAntinAtha kA cihna (hiraNa) yA yakSa-yakSI Adi koI bhI yahA~ dRSTigata nahIM hote| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki cA~dapura, dUdhaI, bAnapura, madanapura, ahAra, serona, khajurAho' Adi nikaTavartI sthAnoM para vidyamAna isI prakAra kI kAyotsarga aura vizAlAkAra zAntinAtha kI mUrtiyoM kI samAnatA ke kAraNa bhaktoM ne ise bhI 'zAntinAtha' kI mUrti kahanA prArambha kara diyaa| 1. de.-citra saM. 51 / 2. (a) isa viSaya meM zrI kaniMghama pUrNataH mauna haiN| ve ise mAtra vizAlAkAra digamvara pratimA kahate haiN| de.-e.esa.Ai.Ara., jilda 10, pR. 1001 (ba) zrI phuharara ne, patA nahIM kisa AdhAra para ise RSabhanAtha kI pratimA likhA hai| de.-mAnumeNTala eMTikviTIz2a ina iNDiyA (ilAhAbAda, 1881), pR. 120 / (sa) zrI dayArAma sAhanI ne, kadAcit paramparA ke AdhAra para hI ise zAntinAtha kI pratimA likhA hai| de.-enu. pro. ri.-1918, pR. 10 / 3. U~cAI 16 phuTa 2 iNc| 4. U~cAI 14 phuTa 6 iNc| 5. U~cAI 15 phutt| 6. U~cAI 11 phutt| 7. U~cAI 18 phutt| 8. U~cAI 14 phuTa 4 iMca / 9. U~cAI 15 phutt| 130 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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bhaktoM ne isake cihna yA yakSa Adi kA anveSaNa yA to kiyA hI nahIM yA ve aisA karane meM asaphala rahe, kyoMki abhI kucha varSa pUrva taka isa mUrti ke sAmane 2 phuTa 3 iMca ke antara se eka bhitti khar3I thI jisameM praveza karane ke lie 1 phuTa 9 iMca caur3I eka khir3akI thii| isameM se praveza karake eka andhakArapUrNa, badabUdAra aura sakarI koTharI meM mUrti kA cihna khoja nikAlane kA sAhasa kadAcit hI kisI ko hotaa| vartamAna meM isa bhitti ko haTA diyA gayA hai aura eka 'gArDara' (lohe ke zahatIra) dvArA TUTI huI kar3I ko sa~bhAlakara usa bhitti kA uddezya pUrA kara diyA gayA hai| isa mandira ke mahAmaNDapa meM, kucha varSa pUrva, garbhagRha kI ora eka bhitti khar3I thI, isameM pUrva kI ora eka abhilekha jar3A huA thA, jisameM eka zabda hai-'zrI zAntinAtha caityAlaye' / isa zabda se bhI prastuta mUrti ke zAntinAtha kI hone kA bhrama utpanna huA dikhatA hai| vastutaH isa zabda kA prastuta vizAlAkAra mUrti se koI sambandha nahIM, balki yaha abhilekha hI anya mandira se sambandhita hai| usa mandira ke naSTa ho jAne para, ise surakSA kI dRSTi se yahA~ lAkara usa bhitti meM jar3a diyA gayA hogA jo usa samaya mahAmaNDapa kI surakSA kI dRSTi se banAyI jA rahI hogii| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki isa abhilekha meM saMvat 1493 kA ullekha hai jabaki prastuta mUrti ukta saMvat se aneka zatAbdiyoM pUrva nirmita ho cukI thii| tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki isI mandira ke ardhamaNDapa meM saMvat 919 kA aura garbhagRha meM saMvat 1051 kA" abhilekha utkIrNa hai, jinase spaSTa hai ki prastuta abhilekha (saMvat 1493) meM ullikhita 'zAntinAtha caityAlaya', mandira saMkhyA 12 se pRthak hI koI mandira thA, . . (a) e. kaniMghama : e.esa.AI.Ara. jilda 10, pR. 100 / (ba) e. phuharara : mAnu. eMTi, iM., pR. 1200 9. (a) e. kaniMghama : uparyukta, pR. 1001 (ba) dayArAma sAhanI : enu. pro. ri. 1918, pR. 101 (sa) zrI paramAnanda barayA ne bhI isa bhitti, khir3akI tathA andhakAra Adi ko svayaM dekhA thaa| 3. ina paMktiyoM ke likhe jAne ke pazcAt abhI-abhI devagar3ha mainejiMga di. jaina kameTI ke mantrI ne apane patrAMka 161 di. 15-12-67 dvArA sUcita kiyA hai ki disambara 1967 meM isa lohe ke 'gArDara' ko garbhagRha meM sthAna, prakAza aura zobhA Adi ke vistAra kI dRSTi se haTA diyA gayA hai| tathA TUTI huI kar3I ko, usake nIce hI eka Ar3A 'gArDara' DAlakara sa~bhAla diyA gayA hai| maiMne bhI apane julAI, 1968 ke devagar3ha pravAsa meM ukta tathya kI puSTi pAyI hai| 4. aba yaha abhilekha sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| de.-pari. do, abhi. kra.' paaNc| 5. de.-ma.saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa ke sAmane avasthita ardhamaNDapa meM dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha / abhilekha pATha ke lie de.--pariziSTa do, abhilekha kra. ek| 6. yaha abhilekha ma.saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra kI caukhaTa meM bAyeM bhItarI pakSa para utkIrNa hai| mUrtikalA :: 131

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jo yA to pUrNarUpeNa dharAzAyI ho cukA hai yA vartamAna mandiroM meM se anya koI ho sakatA hai| isa vizAlAkAra mUrti ke donoM ora, praveza-dvAra ke bhItara donoM ora tathA dvAra ke bAhara UparI bhAga meM (dAyeM) 'ambikA' yakSI kI mUrtiyoM aura dvAra ke nIce (bAyeM) 'pArzva' yakSa kI mUrtiyoM ke aMkana hone se yaha sambhAvanA adhika hai ki prastuta mUrti bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI hogii| isa mUrti kI pramukha vizeSatAoM aura nirmANa kAla ke sambandha meM do uddharaNa paryApta hoMge : usI mandira ke garbhagRha meM zAntinAtha kI vizAla khaDgAsana pratimA kI ora dhyAna dIjie, jo apane kalAtmaka guNoM ke kAraNa vizeSa gauravazAlI hai| bhAmaNDala kI sajAvaTa tathA pArzvastha dvArapAloM kA lAvaNya va bhAva-bhaMgimA guptakAla kI kalA ke anurUpa hai; phira bhI parikaroM ke sAtha mUrti kA tAdAtmya nahIM ho paayaa| darzaka ke dhyAna kA kendra pradhAna mUrti hI hai, jo apane gAmbhIrya va virakti bhAva yukta kaThora mudrA dvArA darzaka ke mana meM bhayamizrita pUjya bhAva utpanna karatI hai| mandira naM. 12 meM rakhI huI khar3e zAntinAtha kI mahAn pratimA (naM. 1) U~cAI, samaya aura apane kalAtmaka guNoM ke kAraNa ina smArakoM meM sabase adhika gauravazAlinI hai| isa jinamUrti ke bhAmaNDala para bane hue sajjA-tattva tathA dakSiNa aura vAma pArzva meM sthita do-cauMrIdAroM kI lAvaNyapUrNa bhaMgimA Aja bhI guptakalA kA smaraNa dilAtI hai| isa prakAra isa mUrti meM guptakAla kI aneka vizeSatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiN| isakA nirmANakAla chaThavIM zatI ke anta yA sAtavIM zatI ke prArambha meM nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake parikara meM navagrahoM kA Alekhana vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| mandira saMkhyA 6 ke mUlanAyaka mandira saMkhyA 6 ke garbhagRha meM avasthita padmAsana tIrthaMkara' mUrti ko 700 I. se kucha pUrva nirmita huA maaneNge| vairAgya, zAnti aura tapasyA kI triveNI bahAtI 1. hamArI isa sambhAvanA kI puSTi ke lie de.--zrI nIraja jaina : devatAoM kA gar3ha : devagar3ha, anekAnta, varSa 17, kiraNa 4, pR. 168 / 2. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna (bhopAla, 1962), pR348 | 3. DaoN. klaoNja brUna : madhyadeza ke jainatIrtha : devagar3ha, jainayuga, maI 1959 | 4. de.-citra saM. 53 / 5. maM.saM. chaha, jise hamane ava se lagabhaga 500 varSa prAcIna hI mAnA hai (de. -- pR. 136), meM sthita hone para bhI isa mUrti ko sAtavIM zatI I. se pUrva kI kRti mAnanA hogA kyoMki devagar3ha meM mUrtiyoM kA sthAnAntaraNa bahuta huA hai| 132 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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huI yaha mahAn mUrti devagar3ha kI sundaratama mUrtiyoM meM se eka hai| isameM eka ora guptakAlIna kalA kI paramparA kA nirvAha huA hai aura dUsarI ora pUrva madhyakAlIna sAja-sajjA ke lakSaNa dRSTigata hote haiM / mandira saMkhyA 15 ke mUlanAyaka devagar3ha kI sarvazreSTha mUrtiyoM meM se eka pandrahaveM mandira ke garbhagRha meM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai / ' 5 phuTa 1 iMca x 2 phuTa 11 iMca ke zilAphalaka para nirmita 2 phuTa 10 iMca U~cI aura 1 phuTa 7 iMca caur3I neminAtha' kI yaha padmAsana pratimA aneka dRSTiyoM se ullekhanIya hai / isa mUrti meM lAvaNya, prasAda, anukampA Adi sadguNa utane hI suspaSTa haiM jitane dhyAna aura virakti ke bhAva / jJAna, dhyAna aura loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA isa mUrti ke aMga-aMga se phUTa rahI hai / isa mUrti kI sajjA, parikara aura indra Adi bolate-se pratIta hote haiM tathA mUrti kI saumyatA aura manojJatA meM ananta - zAnti ke darzana hote haiN| isake bhAmaNDala ke cAroM ora agni-zikhA kA aMkana 'dhyAna- agani kara karma-kalaMka sabai dahai' - kA smaraNa dilAtA hai / nissandeha yaha pratimA bhI guptakAla kI kalAgata paramparAoM para Azrita hai, isakA spaSTa pramANa sAranAtha meM avasthita guptakAla kI buddha pratimA se isakI samAnatA hai / sA~cI ke mandira saMkhyA 45 meM sthita buddha - pratimA (cauthI zatI I.) kI prabhAvalI kA smaraNa prastuta pratimA kI prabhAvalI ko dekhakara sahaja hI ho AtA hai I isI prakAra kI guptakAlIna do padmAsana pratimAe~ mathurA meM bhI prApta huI haiN| ve isa mUrti se bahuta sAmya rakhatI haiN| 1 isa mUrti kI tulanA mandira saMkhyA 12 kI uparyukta vizAlAkAra mUrti se kareMge : donoM mUrtiyoM kI tulanA karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki guptakAla ke pazcAt kalA kI ekatA kA sthAna apane Apako svatantra rUpa meM abhivyakti pradAna karanevAlI pravRttiyoM kI vividhatA ne kaise le liyA / nissandeha donoM mUrtiyA~ AdhyAtmikatA aura bAhya saMsAra ke prati udAsInatA kA spaSTa bhAva abhivyakta karatI 1. de. - citra saM. 54 | 2. zrI nIraja jaina ne isa mUrti ke yakSa-yakSI tathA mandira meM jIrNoddhAra ke samaya ke abhilekha ko kadAcita bArIkI se dekhe binA hI ise sanmati (mahAvIra) kI likhA hai| tathA usI nAma se isakA citra bhI prakAzita karAyA hai| de. - anekAnta, varSa 17, kiraNa 4, pR. 168 3. de. - DaoN. klaoNja brUna vahI / 4. de. - viMseNTa smitha dI jaina stUpa aiNDa adara eNTikviTIz2a oNfa mathurA ( ilAhAbAda, 1901), phalaka 92 aura 93 tathA lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kra. je. 104 aura je. 1181 mUrtikalA :: 133

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haiN| parantu kAyotsargAsana mUrti adhika kaThora aura niSkriya hai, jabaki padmAsanastha mUrti adhika sajIva hai, pahalI bhaya kA saMcAra-sA karatI hai jabaki dUsarI karuNA kA mUrtimAna pravAha hai| pahalI saMsAra ke prati spaSTa avahelanA kA bhAva prakaTa karatI hai parantu dUsarI harSotphulla aura anuprANita mUrtiyoM se ghirI huI hai, jinakI upasthiti ke prati vaha raMcamAtra bhI asahiSNu nahIM hai| mUrti ke UparI bhAga meM vidyAdharoM aura vidyAdhariyoM kA aMkana atyanta AkarSaka mudrA meM huA hai| chatroM ke Upara udghoSaka aura usake donoM pAzryoM meM utkIrNa hAthI bahuta prabhAvotpAdaka haiN|' parikara meM yakSI ambikA aura yakSa pArzva ke astitva se spaSTa hai ki yaha mUrti neminAtha kI hai, jabaki zrI nIraja jaina ne ise sanmati (mahAvIra) kI likhA hai aura isakA citra bhI isI nAma se mudrita karAyA hai| abhinandananAtha mandira saMkhyA nau ke garbhagRha meM sthita kAyotsarga abhinandananAtha kI' mUrti snigdha pAliza, aMga-pratyaMga ke samAnupAtika aMkana tathA bhAvAbhivyakti Adi ke kAraNa guptakAla kI kalA-paramparAoM kI rakSA karatI hai| isakA nirmANa kAla IsA kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI pratIta hotA hai| do phuTa tIna iMca lambI isa tIrthaMkara mUrti ke kandhoM para jaTAe~ laharA rahI haiM, jabaki isake pAdamUla meM bandara kA cihna spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaTAoM kA aMkana kevala RSabhanAtha ke hI sAtha ho, yaha paramparA devagar3ha meM nahIM hai| isa mUrti kI eka aura vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake.kandhoM ke pArzva meM tIrthaMkara kA abhiSeka karane hetu do indra kalaza liye hue upasthita haiN| durbhAgya se unake sira khaNDita ho 1. de.-citra saM. 54 / 2. de.-anekAnta, varSa 17, kiraNa 4, pR. 168 / 3. (a) vahI, mukhpRsstth| (ba) isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra rAyabahAdura Adi aneka upAdhidhArI seTha kalyANamala jI (indaura) kI dharmapatnI zrImatI gulAba bAI dvArA san 1936 meM niSpanna huaa| usa samaya aura usase parva bhI yaha mati neminAtha tathA yaha mandira neminAtha-jinAlaya' ke nAma se vikhyAta rahA hogA, tabhI to isake jIrNoddhAra sambandhI abhilekha meM 'neminAtha jinAlaya' pada kA prayoga huA hai| de.--usI mandira meM rakhA huA jIrNoddhAra sambandhI zrAvaNa sudI 15 vIra ni.saM. 2462, vikrama saM. 1993, di. 3 agasta 1936 kA abhilekh| yaha abhilekha merI pUrva-mAnyatA (mUrti neminAtha kI hai) kI sampuSTi karatA hai| yadi zrI nIraja jaina ne isa abhilekha para bhI dhyAna diyA hotA to ise sanmati (mahAvIra) likhane kA bhrama na hotaa| 4. de.-citra saM. 58 / 5. 'ciraM tapasyato yasya jaTA mUrdhni bbhustraam| dhyAnAgni-dagdha-karmendha-niryad-dhUma-zilA iva // ' -jinasena : AdipurANa, 1-9 / 134 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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gaye haiN| pAdapITha para bhI (donoM ora) ca~varadhArI indroM kI bhAvapUrNa mukhamudrAe~ darzanIya RSabhanAtha isI prakAra kI aneka mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha meM aura bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiM, jinameM se maM. saM. tIna meM avasthita kAyotsargAsana RSabhanAtha kI mUrti kA vivecana prastuta hai| yaha mUrti 2 phuTa 6 iMca U~ce aura 1 phuTa 9 iMca caur3e zilAphalaka para ukerI gayI hai| isake hAtha, parikara, aSTa-prAtihArya tathA kucha anya aMza khaNDita ho gaye haiN| siMhAsana meM yakSa, zrAvakayugala, siMhayugala aura vRSabha kA aMkana atyanta sUkSmatA aura sundaratA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| pAdamUla meM do kamaladhArI tribhaMgI deva (donoM ora) khar3e haiN| inhoMne apane-apane hAtha ke vikasita kamala Upara uThAkara isa DhaMga se le rakhe haiM ki ve tIrthaMkara kI donoM hatheliyoM meM aise jA thame haiM mAno unheM svayaM tIrthaMkara ne le rakhA ho| parikara meM donoM ora tIna-tIna kAyotsarga tIrthaMkaroM kI tIna-tIna paMktiyA~ haiN| anumAna hai ki isa zilAphalaka ke khaNDita aMza meM zeSa pA~ca tIrthaMkara bhI aMkita rahe hoNge| isa prakAra isa zilAphalaka ko caubIsI kahanA upayukta hogaa| isakA bhAmaNDala azokacakra kI anukRti para banAyA gayA hai, jo isakI apanI vizeSatA hai| isakI nAbhi ke nIce kI trivali, nAbhi kI gaharAI, zrIvatsa kI laghutA, grIvA kI trivali, mukhamaNDala kI saumyatA aura aba bhI camakate hue 'pAliza' kI snigdhatA-ye saba milakara ise guptottara yuga kI siddha karate haiN| siMhAsana para tIrthaMkara ke pAdamUla meM utkIrNa do paMktiyoM ke abhilekha meM ullikhita saMvat 1209 ke bAvajUda hama isa mUrti kI nirmANa-kAla-sambandhI apanI ukta dhAraNA kAyama rakhanA cAhate haiM, kyoMki (1) kalA kI yaha sUkSmatA aura saumyatA guptottara kAla meM dRSTigata hotI haiM, (2) bArahavIM zatI taka Ate-Ate zrIvatsa kA anupAta kAphI bar3A ho jAtA hai jabaki yahA~ vaha bahuta hI choTe anupAta meM hai, (3) lekha nizcita hI bAda ko utkIrNa karAyA gayA hogA kyoMki jitanI bhI mUrtiyoM para lekha utkIrNa mile haiM yA milate haiM, ve sabhI siMhAsana ke sAmane ke hisse meM milate haiM, siMhAsana ke Upara tIrthaMkara ke pAdamUla meM nahIM, (4) tIrthaMkara-mUrti kI apekSA gomukha yakSa kI mUrti kA lagabhaga pacAsavA~ hissA (laghu AkAra meM) honA bhI ise guptottara yuga kI siddha karatA hai, jabaki bhaTTAraka prathA kA pracAra adhika nahIM bar3hA thA, jisake kAraNa tIrthaMkara mUrti kramazaH choTI hotI gayI aura yakSa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ kramazaH bar3I hotI gyiiN| 1. de.-citra saM. 591 mUrtikalA :: 135

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mandira saMkhyA 2 meM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara isI prakAra mandira saMkhyA 2 meM bhI eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti vidyamAna hai / isake siMhAsana kA agrabhAga khaNDita hai ataH use pahacAnanA kaThina hai / usake kandhoM para lagabhaga eka phuTa kI jaTAe~ A pahu~cI haiM / ataH use AdinAtha kI mUrti kahA jA sakatA hai, isake viruddha usake parikara meM phaNAvali sahita deva ( dharaNendra) ke aMkana se use pArzvanAtha kahanA hI adhika upayukta hogA / zrIvatsa kI AnupAtika laghutA aura kalAgata aMkana kI sUkSmatA ke AdhAra para ise guptakAla kI mAnanA cAhie / padmAsana tIrthaMkara mandira saMkhyA 21 ke pazcimAbhimukha kakSa meM sthita padmAsana - tIrthaMkara - mUrti (bAyeM se dAyeM, tIsarI) apanI sajjAgata samRddhi aura kendrasthita tathA cAroM ora sthita mUrtiyoM ke cittAkarSaka ekIkaraNa kI dRSTi se guptakAlIna kalA meM bhI cAra cA~da lagAtI pratIta hotI hai / isa mUrti ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke gaThana meM cArutA aura komalatA kA adbhuta samanvaya hai / alaMkRta kamalAsana para AsIna tIrthaMkara mAno zAnti aura snigdhatA kA vistAra kara rahe haiM / mastaka ke pIche atyanta alaMkRta trivRtta bhAmaNDala darzanIya hai| gauNa - mUrtiyoM ke aMkana meM bhI sucArutA kA pradarzana ullekhanIya hai / ise AThavIM zatI I. ke AsapAsa kI kRti mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha atyanta kheda kA viSaya hai ki isa aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika mahattva kI mUrti kA mastaka eka mUrtibhaMjaka dvArA kATa liyA gayA hai| mandira saMkhyA 28 ke mUlanAyaka naminAtha aisI hI eka 8 phuTa 3 iMca U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti' mandira saMkhyA 28 meM bhI vidyamAna hai| isake pairoM se kamara taka kI U~cAI 5 phuTa 1 iMca, pairoM se kandhoM taka 1. yaha phalaka (bAyeM se dAyeM) navama sthAna para hai tathA isakI U~cAI 4 phuTa 8 iMca aura caur3AI / phuTa 7 iMca hai| 2. jaTAdhArI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ko AdinAtha kI hI mAna lenA (de. - anekAnta, varSa 17, kiraNa 1, pR. 43-44) nirbhrAnta nahIM hogaa| kyoMki devagar3ha meM aisI aneka mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM jinake sAtha jaTAoM ke atirikta vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana bhI spaSTa rUpa se aMkita haiM 1 3. de. - citra saM. 61 / 4. kaTA huA zira aba kSetrIya prabandhaka samiti ko prApta ho gayA hai, jo zIghra hI sthAnIya jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita kiyA jaaegaa| 5. de. - citra saM. 62 1 136 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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kI UMcAI 6 phaTa / ) iMca tathA eka kandhe se dUsare kandhe taka kI caur3AI 2 phuTa 1) iMca hai| Asana meM kamala kA ciha spaSTa hai ataH ise ikkIsaveM tIrthaMkara naminAtha kI pratimA kahanA hogaa| isake parikara aura alaMkaraNa kA saMkSepa, aSTa-prAtihAryoM (bhAmaNDala ke atirikta) kI anupasthiti aura kalAtmakatA Adi ke sAtha hAthoM aura pairoM kI samatalatA ise AThavIM zatI kI kRti siddha karate haiN| AdinAtha isI kAla (AThavIM zatI I. ke AsapAsa) kI, AdinAtha' kI eka padmAsana mUrti mandira saMkhyA do meM (bAyeM se dAyeM, navama sthAna para, 4 phuTa 7 iMca - 2 phuTa 7 iMca ke zilAphalaka para utkIrNa) avasthita hai| aSTa-prAtihAryoM ke atirikta, isake parikara meM dAyeM eka anya laghu padmAsana tIrthaMkara kA aMkana isa mUrti kI vizeSatA hai| isI mandira ke cauthe zilAphalaka (4 phuTa 5 iMca x 2 phuTa 7 iMca) para AdinAtha kI hI eka aura padmAsana mUrti ullekhanIya hai| isake siMhAsana ke nIce eka paMkti kA lekha hai| jisameM saMvat 1052 aura dAtA kA nAma utkIrNa hai| AdinAtha yahIM (maM. saM. do) dasaveM zilAphalaka (4 phuTa 9 iMca x 2 phuTa 10 iMca) para AdinAtha kI eka aura padmAsana mUrti nirmita hai| isake siMhAsana ke nIce eka paMkti ke lekha meM saMvat 1122 aMkita hai tathA parikara meM tIrthaMkaroM kI do laghu-AkRtiyA~ (padmAsana meM) abhilikhita haiN| aSTa-prAtihAryoM meM, eka dUsare kI ora sasneha dekhate hue do vidyAdharayugala hameM barabasa apanI ora AkRSTa kara lete haiN| vRSabhanAtha mandira saMkhyA eka ke maNDapa meM sAmane kI ora (pUrva meM) madhya meM sthita vRSabhanAtha kI padmAsana mUrti bhI ullekhanIya kahI jA sakatI hai, jisakA lambA zrIvatsa usake bArahavIM zatI kI hone kI puSTi karatA hai| caturviMzati paTTa caubIsI (caturviMzati) kI dRSTi se aneka ullekhanIya mUrti-phalaka mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM jar3e hue haiN| 1. de.-citra 60 / 2. san 1917-18 meM zrI dayArAma sAhanI ne bhI isa mUrti ko isI mandira meM dekhA thaa| draSTavya-e. pro.ri., pariziSTa a, abhilekha kra. 15, pR. 131 3. de.-citra saM. 671 4. eka mUrtiphalaka ke lie de.-citra saM. 64 / mUrtikalA :: 137

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4. katipaya viziSTa mUrtiyA~ (a) jaTAoM kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya 1. mandira saMkhyA 13 ke kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara : aba hama kucha aisI mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kareMge jinakA mahattva prAcInatA kI dRSTi se to hai hI, unakI apanI kucha vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa bhI hai| udAharaNa ke lie mandira saMkhyA 13 ke maNDapa meM vidyamAna 5 phuTa 10 iMca ke zilAphalaka (bAyeM se dAyeM bIsavA~ ) para utkIrNa zAntinAtha kI 4 phuTa 7 iMca U~cI kAyotsargAsana mUrti' darzanIya hai / isa mUrti kI prathama vizeSatA yaha hai ki usake Asana meM bAyeM siMha aura dAyeM hiraNa kA aMkana hai jabaki anyatra, donoM ora siMha kA hI aMkana milatA hai| siMha ko siMhAsana kA pratIka aura hiraNa ko tIrthaMkara kA cihna mAna leM to yaha mUrti solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kI kahI jAnI caahie| yA phira siMha aura hiraNa ko ekatra dikhAkara tIrthaMkara kI tapasyA ke ahiMsAtmaka prabhAva ko pradarzita karane kI bhAvanA bhI isameM sannihita ho sakatI hai| jaTAoM kI vizAlatA aura vicitratA isa mUrti kI dUsarI vizeSatA hai / 2 jaTAoM ko sa~bhAlane meM kalAkAra ne kadAcit sarvAdhika abhiruci dikhAyI hai / jaTAoM ko pIche kI ora sa~bhAlakara unakI pA~ca-pA~ca laTeM donoM kandhoM para jhulAyI gayI haiM, kucha laToM kI Upara ko uThI huI coTI bA~dhI gayI hai aura bahuta-sI jaTAe~ pIche donoM ora laTakA dI gayI haiM jo itanI lambI haiM ki piNDaliyoM ke bhI nIce taka A pahu~cI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kalAkAra tIrthaMkara ko himAlaya mAnakara unake jaTA - zikhara se jJAna gaMgA ko bhUmaNDala para avatIrNa karanA cAhatA ho, jaisA ki madhyakAlIna hindI kavi zrI bhUdharadAsa kA kathana hai: I 'vIra himAcala taiM nikasIM guru gautama ke mukha- kuNDa DharI hai moha - mahAcala bheda calI jaga kI jar3atA saba dUra karI 11 jJAna- payonidhi mA~hi ralI bahu-bhaMga-taraMgani sauM ucharI hai| tA zuci zArada gaMga-nadI prati maiM a~jurI kara zIza dharI hai || 1 isa mUrti meM kalA-pradarzana ko hI nahIM, bhAvoM ko bhI pradhAnatA dI gayI hai / yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki lalATa para darzita alakoM kI do choTI-choTI ghu~gharAlI 1. de. - citra saM. 68 / 2. tulanA ke lie dekhie citra saM. 69 aura 73 / 3. kandhoM para jhUlatI huI jaTAoMvAlI kucha mUrtiyA~ mathurA-saMgrahAlaya meM bhI pradarzita haiN| 4. de. - bRhajjanavANI saMgraha, paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla dvArA madhyakAlIna kavi bhUdharadAsa ke pArzvanAthapurANa se saMkalita ( kalakattA, 1937 ), pR. 471 138 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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laTeM usake bhAvAtmaka saundarya meM cAra cA~da lagA rahI haiN| vaise bhI usakA mukha-maNDala atyanta prazAnta aura Atma-sammukha bana par3A hai| - 2. neminAtha : jaTAoM kI vicitratA aura lambAI kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya eka mUrti aura bhI isI mandira ke garbhagRha meM tIsarI vedI (bAyeM se dAyeM) para sthita 5 phuTa 3 iMca - 1 phuTa 11 iMca ke zilAphalaka para aMkita hai| mastaka para bIsoM laToM ko eka bar3e hI saMyojita aura pecIdA DhaMga se gUMthA gayA hai| itane para bhI kalAkAra ko santoSa nahIM huA to usane do-do laTe kandhoM para aura bIsoM laTeM pIche donoM ora bikhera dI haiN| yaha avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki kalAkAra kalA ke bhAvapakSa kA bhI marmajJa thaa| usane jahA~ jaTAoM kI saMyojanA meM adbhuta kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai vahA~ mUrti ke mukhamaNDala para nAsAgra dRSTi aura vairAgya kI apUrva chaTA bikhera dI hai| 3. anya ullekhanIya mUrtiyA~ : jaTAoM kI lambAI kI dRSTi se kucha anya mUrtiyA~ bhI ullekhanIya haiM jinameM se bArahaveM mandira ke pradakSiNApatha meM avasthita pacIsaveM (bAyeM se dAyeM) zilAphalaka kI tathA navama mandira ke garbhagRha meM avasthita abhinandananAtha' kI aura chaThaveM mandira ke garbhagRha meM vidyamAna AdinAtha kI tathA cauthe mandira kI uttarI aura pazcimI bhittiyoM (bhItara) evaM jaina-cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI mUrtiyA~ vizeSa haiN| (ba) phaNAvali tathA sarpakuNDalI kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya mUrtiyA~ 1. pArzvanAtha : kucha mUrtiyA~ phaNAvali aura sarpakuNDalI kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiM, jinameM se pacIsaveM mandira ke garbhagRha meM vidyamAna pA~caveM zilAphalaka kI pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana mUrti darzanIya hai| isake sarpa kI kuNDalI, anya mUrtiyoM 1. kucha anya mUrtiyoM kI bhA~ti yaha mUrti bhI jaTAyukta hone para bhI AdinAtha kI nahIM, neminAtha kI ___ hai| kyoMki usake siMhAsana para bAyeM pArzva yakSa aura dAyeM ambikA yakSI kA spaSTa aMkana hai| 2. de.-citra saM. 73 / 3. isa mUrti kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki jaTAoM ke rahate hue bhI isakA lAMchana bandara spaSTa aMkita 4. de.-citra saM. 58 / 5. de.-citra saM. 651 6. de.-citra saM. 75 / 7. de.-citra saM. 69 / 8. de.-citra saM. 71 / 9. tulanA kIjie-yahIM ke pandrahaveM mandira ke mUlayAnaka ke bAyeM avasthita pArzvanAtha kI padmAsana mUrti se| mUrtikalA :: 139

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kI bhA~ti pIche na hokara Asana ke rUpa meM nIce hai| mUrti ke dAyeM sarpa kI pU~cha dIkhatI hai, phira chaha kuNDaliyA~ lagAkara vaha mUrti ke pIche se Upara pahu~ca jAtA hai aura apane sAta phaNoM kI avali phailAkara tIrthaMkara ko chAyA pradAna karatA hai| sarpa kI kuNDalI kA vistAra yahA~ taka bar3hA ki vaha tIrthaMkara ke Asana meM hI samApta na hokara pRSThabhAga meM takiyA ke rUpa meM bhI dikhAyI jAne lgii| isa prakAra kI aneka mUrtiyA~ vibhinna mandiroM evaM jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI haiN| mandira saMkhyA chaha meM aura bAraha ke mahAmaNDapa meM kucha aisI mUrtiyA~ ullekhanIya haiM jinameM mUrti ke anupAta meM phaNAvali kAphI bar3I ataH bhAra-svarUpa mAlUma par3atI hai| 2. sumatinAtha : phaNAvali kA aMkana kevala pArzvanAtha ke sAtha hI sImita nahIM rahA balki sumatinAtha ke sAtha bhI usakA aMkana huA hai| isa prakAra kI eka sundara mUrti jaina-cahAradIvArI meM (maM. saM. sAta ke pazcima meM) jar3I huI hai| isameM sumatinAtha kA cihna 'cakavA' suspaSTa rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| 3. pArzvanAtha : pAdapITha ke Upara sarpa : mandira saMkhyA chaha meM pArzvanAtha kI eka aisI bhI mUrti vidyamAna hai jisa para sarpa kA Alekhana cihna, Asana, takiyA yA mastakAcchAdana ke rUpa meM na hokara pAdapITha ke Upara mUrti ke pairoM ke donoM ora do svatantra sarpo ke rUpa meM huA hai| vahA~ sarpa apanI vikarAla kuNDalI lagAye hue Alikhita haiN| (sa) dvimUrtikAe~, trimUrtikAe~ aura sarvatobhadrikAe~ devagar3ha meM paryApta mAtrA meM dvimUrtikAe~, trimUrtikAe~ aura sarvatobhadrikAe~ Adi bhI nirmita huiiN| ... 1. mandira saMkhyA 13 kI dvimUrtikA : mandira saMkhyA 13 ke maNDapa meM sthita eka dvimUrtikA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| 7 phuTa 7 iMca x 2 phuTa 2 iMca ke eka zilAphalaka ke eka ora 5 phuTa 6 iMca U~cI tathA usake ThIka pIche (dUsarI ora) 6 phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ nirmita huI haiN| donoM mUrtiyoM ke pRSTha bhAgoM 1. de.-jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI evaM maM. saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM sthita mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 69, 70 / 2. tulanA kIjie-terApura (mahArASTra) kI guphA meM sthita pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti se| isake citra aura vivaraNa ke lie de.-DaoN.hI.lA. jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna (bhopAla, 1962), pR. 312, phalaka 24 | 3. de.-citra saM. 69, 701 4. de.-citra saM. 561 5. de.-citra saM. 551 140 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ke bIca 2.5 iMca kA antara chor3A gayA hai| isa dvimUrtikA ke nirmANa meM kalAkAra ke sAmane eka vikaTa samasyA rahI hogii| eka ora kI mUrti kA nirmANa ho cukane para jaba usane usI zilA ke pRSThabhAga meM dUsarI mUrti ke aMkana kA kArya prArambha kiyA hogA, taba pahalI mUrti ko patthara kI chilAI kI coTa Adi se sambhAvita TUTa-phUTa se bacA sakanA atyata buddhisAdhya rahA hogaa| isa prakAra kI mUrtiyoM kA aMkana IsavI pUrva prathama zatI se mathurA meM hone lagA thA, kintu anyatra aisI dvimUrtikAe~, kadAcit devagar3ha se bAda kI, atyalpa mAtrA meM hI milatI haiN| 2. dvimUrtikAe~ aura trimUrtikAe~ : eka hI zilAphalaka para, eka hI ora eka-dUsare ke pArzva meM do mUrtiyoM' yA tIna mUrtiyoM ko utkIrNa karane kI paramparA bhI devagar3ha meM rahI hai| 3. sarvatobhadrikAe~ : sarvatobhadrikAe~ prAyaH stambhoM yA unake khaNDita zIrSoM para hI prApta hotI haiN| (da) caturviMzati paTTa __kucha zilAphalakoM para caubIsiyoM' (caturviMzati-paTToM) kA nirmANa bhI, svatantra rUpa meM aura mUla nAyaka ke parivAra ke rUpa meM huA hai| kalA kI dRSTi se maM. saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM sthita kucha caturviMzati paTTa (citra 64) vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| 1. de... maM.saM. eka, do, sAha, chabbIsa, jaina cahAradIvArI, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya tathA maM. saM. 12 ke aMgazikhara meM jar3I huI mUrtiyAM (citra saM. 35) / 5. de. --maM. saM. eka, do, vAraha kA mahAmaNDapa, aTThAIsa kA aMgazikhara evaM jaina cahAradIvArI Adi / tathA citra saM. 1, 76, 75, 20, 32 / aTThAIsaveM mandira ke aMgazikhara meM nirmita devakulikA meM jo tri-mUrtikA jar3I hai-usameM usake dAyeM sapta phaNAvalisahita pArzvanAtha aura vAyeM paMca phaNAvali sahita supArzvanAtha kAyotsargAsana meM darzita haiM, jabaki madhya kI mUrti ke TUTakara gira jAne se usake sthAna para eka anya padmAsana tIrthaMkara pratimA jar3a dI gayI hai| de.-citra saM. 42 / 3. isa prakAra kI 27 mUrtiyA~ jaina cahAradIvArI para eka-dUsare se bahuta antara para sthApita haiN| de.--citra saM. 471 vibhinna mAnastambhoM para bhI isI prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| de.--citra saM. 43-45 tathA 48 / 1. ma.saM. 4, 12, 25, 26, 29 evaM jaina cahAradIvArI aura jaina dharmazAlA meM aneka caturviMzati-paTTa dekhe jA sakate haiN| cauvIsI ke lie de.-citra saM. 64, 65 aura 75 / 5. da.-- sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita cturvishti-ptttt| 6. de -- citra saM. 61, 65 evaM 75 / mUrtikalA :: 141

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(i) 176 mUrtiyoM se aMkita stambha eka stambha (saMkhyA 13) para cAroM ora choTI-choTI 176 mUrtiyA~ nirmita haiM / mUrtiyoM kI yaha saMkhyA vicAraNIya hai, kyoMki isakI koI zAstrIya saMgati nahIM hai / yadi yaha saMkhyA 170 rahI hotI to zAstrIya saMgati mila jaatii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kalAkAra ko abhISTa rahI hogI 170 kI hI saMkhyA, parantu stambha para sthAna aura saMyojanA kI dRSTi se vivaza hokara use 176 kI nikaTatama saMkhyA svIkAra karanI par3I hogii| yahI aMkana kucha anya stambhoM para bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / (I) sahasrakUTa eka vizAlAkAra stambha (maM. saM. 5 meM sthita sahasrakUTa) para 1008 laghukAya padmAsana aura kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara' mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM, jo jinendra deva ke 1008 nAmoM kA bhI pratIka mAnA jA sakatA hai / 5. deva - deviyA~ jaina deva - zAstra meM maulika aura sarvopari pUjyatA paMca parameSThiyoM ko hI prApta hai / prArambha meM tIrthaMkaroM (arhanta parameSThI) kI hI mUrtiyA~ banatI thIM, bAda meM hindU devatAoM aura kadAcit bodhisattvoM kI mUrtiyoM ke anukaraNa yA pratispardhA ke kAraNa jaina- deva-deviyoM kI bhI mUrtiyA~ banane lgiiN| zAstrIya dRSTi se cU~ki mokSa-prApti 1. de. - citra saM. 47 | 2. eka hI sAtha yadi adhika se adhika tIrthaMkara vidyamAna raheM to ve 170 ho sakate haiN| videha kSetra pA~ca hote haiM aura pratyeka meM 32 nagariyA~ hotI haiN| ina (5 x 32 = 160) nagariyoM meM se pratyeka meM bhI eka-eka tIrthakara eka hI sAtha ho sakate haiM / isI taraha pA~ca bharata kSetroM aura pA~ca airAvata kSetroM meM se pratyeka meM bhI eka-eka tIrthaMkara usI samaya ho sakate haiN| ye saba (160 + 10 = 170) milAkara 170 ho jAte haiM / 3. de. - stambha saM. 12, citra saM. 46 / 4. de. - citra saM. 8 / 5. tIrthaMkara ke zarIra meM 108 mukhya aura 900 sAmAnya lakSaNa ( = 1008) sAmudrika zAstra kI dRSTi se hote haiM / de. - jinasena : mahApurANa, parva 15, zloka 37-44 / 6. de. - uparyukta, parva 25, zloka 98-99 / tulanA kIjie - ( 1 ) ziva sahasranAma stotra; zloka 16-17 aura 35 | (2) viSNu sahasranAma stotra ( gorakhapura, 2023 vi.), zloka 2, 6, 12-131 (3) gaNeza sahasranAma stotra (gorakhapura, 2015 vi.), zloka 2-51 142 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mAnava-janma se hI sambhava hai, devajanma se nahIM / ataH mAnava ko devoM se adhika mahattva milatA hai| paMca parameSThI deva nahIM, mAnava hI hote haiN| ataH deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ banane to avazya lagIM para tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna na to unakI pUjA hI hotI thI aura na mandira meM unheM mukhya sthAna prApta hotA thaa| unheM tIrthaMkaroM ke camaradhArI, ArAdhaka evaM sevaka Adi ke rUpa meM sthAna diyA jAtA thA, jaisA ki aba taka hotA A rahA hai| hindU-devatAoM kI bhA~ti adhikAMza jaina-devatAoM ko bhI mandira ke praveza-dvAra Adi vibhinna sthAnoM para bhI aMkita kiyA jAne lgaa| bhaTTArakoM kI uttarottara bar3hatI huI ADambarapriyatA aura bhautikatA ke prati AkarSaNa ke phalasvarUpa aneka aise deva-deviyoM kI kalpanA kI gayI, jinakA jaina dharma ke prArambhika aura sarvamAnya AcAryoM ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| aise deva-deviyoM meM yakSa tathA yakSiyoM arthAt tIrthaMkara ke zAsanadeva aura zAsana-deviyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| kucha hindU deva-deviyoM kA jainIkaraNa bhI huA jinameM sacciyA mAtA Adi pramukha haiN| bhaTTArakoM meM se adhikAMza mantra-tantra Adi para vizvAsa rakhate the, jinakI siddhi ke lie vibhinna deviyoM kI upAsanA anivArya batAyI gyii| phalata deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM kA mahattva kramazaH bar3hatA hI gyaa| aba ye deviyA~ mandira ke praveza-dvAra se Age bar3hatI-bar3hatI garbhAlaya taka jA phuNcii| phira unheM tIrthaMkara ke pAdamUla meM hI sthAna mila gyaa| isa sthiti meM inakI mUrti tIrthaMkara kI mUrti kI apekSA kAphI choTI, kadAcit pacAsavA~ bhAga hotI thii| parantu deviyoM kI zakti para vizvAsa aura kadAcit sAMskRtika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika kamiyoM tathA dabAvoM ke phalasvarUpa unakA mahattva itanA bar3hA ki bhale hI ve tIrthaMkara kA sthAna na le sakIM, para inakI mUrti avazya hI tIrthaMkara kI mUrti se pacAsa-gunI taka bar3I banane lgii| sAmAnya lakSaNa-ava hama ina deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke sAmAnya lakSaNoM para dRSTipAta kreNge| ina mUrtiyoM ke 'mUrti-vijJAna' sambandhI adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki unake vikAsa meM tatkAlIna dhArmika evaM sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ pramukha kAraNa 1. (1) samantabhadra : ratnakaraNDa-zrAvakAcAra, jugalakizora mukhtAra sampAdita, padya 39-41 | (2) paM. daulatarAma chahaDhAlA (sonagar3ha, 2017 vi.), pR. 117 aura 175 / (3) paM. hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI : jainadharmAmRta (kAzI 1960 I.), pR. 3151 2. arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / inake lakSaNoM Adi ke lie de.-dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 50-541 3. indrAdika ke dvArA vandanIya paramapada meM sthita arihanta Adi mhaapuruss| de.-vahI, pR. 57 tathA ratanakaraNDa-zrAvakAcAra, 6-8 / 4. DaoN. premasAgara jaina : jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi (kAzI, 1963 I.), pR. 169-1711 mUrtikalA :: 143

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thiiN| ataH inameM se kucha ke eka se adhika mastaka banAye gaye, jo unake viziSTa buddhi-bala aura prabhAva ke dyotaka the| isI prakAra, eka hI deva yA devI ke do hAtha aparyApta pratIta hae kyoMki use eka hI sAtha apane upAsakoM ko abhaya aura vara pradAna karanA thA tathA apane upAsaka ke zatruoM kA hanana karanA thA, sAtha hI use apane viziSTa cihna ke rUpa meM kucha phala, phUla yA Ayudha Adi bhI rakhane hote the| ataH cAra', chaha, dasa, bIsa aura yahA~ taka ki 24 hAthoM vAlI deviyA~ bhI kalAkAra kI chainI se nirmita hone lgiiN| aba devoM aura deviyoM ko paidala daur3AnA unake bhaktoM ne ucita na smjhaa| ataH kisI ko garur3a, kisI ko haMsa', kisI ko mahiSa aura kisI ko siMha Adi vAhanoM kI yojanA kI gayI, eka-do deviyA~ to puruSa ko hI apanA vAhana banA baitthiiN| mahattva kA AropaNa-ina deviyoM ke mahattva aura pravala zakti para jana-sAdhAraNa kA vizvAsa prApta karane ke lie bhaTTArakoM ne tIrthaMkara kI vItarAgatA kA pUrA-pUrA lAbha utthaayaa| zatru ke car3ha Ane para kisI rAjA kI yA roga-zoka A par3ane para kisI dukhiyA kI madada ke lie vItarAga tIrthaMkara bhalA kyA daur3ate, daur3ate Aye-koI deva, koI devii| yaha saba kalpanA kI vastu na rahakara itihAsa 1. de.-citra saM. 95 aura 101 / mUrti vijJAna sambandhI kucha granthoM meM rohiNI, vajrazRMkhalA, naradattA, manovegA, jvAlAmAlinI, mahAkAlI, mAnavI, gaurI, anantamatI, mahAmAnasI, vijayA, aparAjitA aura padmAvatI Adi ke cAra hAtha varNita haiN| 2. prajJAvatI, virATA, mAnasI aura jayA nAmaka deviyoM ke chaha hAtha hone ke ullekha aparAjitapRcchA (pR. 567-68) meM prApta hote haiN| 3. de.-citra saM. 111 / cakrezvarI kI eka dazabhujI mUrti ma.saM. 19 meM bhI surakSita hai| mathurA ___ saMgrahAlaya meM bhI cakrezvarI kI dazabhujI mUrti pradarzita hai| de.-mUrti saM. DI chh| 4. de.-citra saM. 99 aura 100 / pratiSThAtilaka (pR. 340-41) ke anusAra cakrezvarI ke bIsa bhujAe~ honA caahie| devagar3ha meM ina donoM mUrtiyoM meM vaha viMzatibhujI hI hai| 5. kahIM-kahIM caubIsa bhujAoMvAlI cakrezvarI bhI milatI hai| 6. aparAjitapRcchA (pR. 566) tathA pratiSThA sAroddhAra (a. 3, zloka 156) ke anusAra cakrezvarI kA ___vAhana garur3a hai| aparAjitapRcchA (pR. 568) ke anusAra mahAmAnasI kA vAhana bhI garur3a hai| 7. vajrazRMkhalA tathA anantamatI nAmaka yakSiyoM ke vAhana haMsa haiN| de.-aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 567-68 | 8. kAlikA nAmaka sAtavIM yakSI kA vAhana mahiSa hai| de.-aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 567 / 9. vijayA (18vIM yakSI) (de.aparA., pR. 568), tathA ambikA (22vIM yakSI) (de --aparA, pR. 568 tathA pratiSThAsAro., 3-176) kA vAhana siMha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai aura bhI de.-citra saM. 103 se 105 tk| mahAmAnasI nAmaka solahavIM vidyAdevI kA vAhana bhI siMha hai| de.-- DaoN. dvi.nA. zukla : vAstuzAstra, ji. do., pR. 275 / 144 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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prasiddha tathya bana sake, isake lie ina deva-deviyoM kI adbhuta aura camatkArapUrNa kahAniyA~ racI gayIM, jinameM se adhikAMza kA sambandha tIrthakaroM ke jIvana se jor3A gyaa| phira ina kahAniyoM ke AdhAra para sambaddha deva-deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM meM tadanurUpa vizeSatA lAyI jAne lgii| udAharaNa ke lie - padmAvatI' ke sAtha sarpa dikhAyA gayA," ambikA ke sAtha do bAlaka aura Ama kA vRkSa nirmita huA tathA 1. mahAkAlI nAmaka (AThavIM) vidyAdevI ne apane vAhana ke rUpa meM puruSa ko svIkAra kiyaa| de. - vAstuzAstra, pR. 275 1 2. ( a ) yeSTuM kurkaTasarpagA triphaNakotaMsA dviSo yAta SaTUpAzAdiH sadasatkRte ca dhRtazaMkhAspAdido aSTakA / tAM zAntAmaruNAM sphuracchRNisarojanmAkSavyAlAmbarAM, padmasthAM navahastakaprabhunatAM yAyajmi padmAvatIm // (va) pAzAdyanvitapaDbhujArijayadA dhyAtA caturviMzatiM / zaMkhAsyAdiyutAnkarAMstu dadhatI yA krUrazAntyarthadA / zAntyai sAGkuzavArijAkSamaNisaddAnaizcaturbhiH karai yuktA tAM prayajAmi pArzvavinatAM padmastha padmAvatIm // - nemicandra deva : pratiSThA tilaka, pari. 7, padya 23 / (sa) pAzAMkuzI padmavare raktavarNA caturbhujA / padmAsanA kukkuTasthA khyAtA padmAvatIti ca / - paM. AzAdhara : pra. sA. a. 3, zloka 177 / -bhuvanadevAcArya : 3. de citra saM. 106 110 tk| 4. (a) savyaikAGkSayupagapriyaGkarasutaM prItyai karairvibhratI divyAmrastavakaM zubhaMkarakarazliSTAnyahastAGgulim / siMhe bhartRcaresthitAM haritabhAmAmradrumacchAyagAM vandAruM dazakArmukocchrayajinaM devI mahAmbAM yaje || (ba) dhatte vAmakaTI priyaMkarasutaM vAme kare maJjarI mAmrasyAnyakare zubhaMkaratujo hastaM prazaste harI // Aste bhartRcare mahAbhraviTapicchAyaM zritAbhISTadA / yAsI tAM nutaneminAthapadayornagrAmihAmrAM yaje // (sa) haridvarNA siMhasaMsthA dvibhujA ca phalaM varam ! putreNopAsyamAnA ca sutotsaMgA tathAmvikA || aparAjita pRcchA, 568 I - paM. AzAdhara : pra. sA., 3-166 - nemicandra deva : pra. ti., 7-22 | " -bhuvanadevAcArya: aparA, pR. 368 mUrtikalA : 145

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cakrezvarI' ke sAtha cakra dikhAye gye| vibhinna uddezyoM aura prasaMgoM ke anusAra inake Asana aura mudrAe~ bhI vibhinna prakAra kI svIkRta huii| sthApatya ke vikAsa ke sAtha mUrtikalA kA bhI vikAsa hotA gyaa| deva-deviyoM kA sambandha mandira-sthApatya se hI rahA hai| unheM unake pada aura vizeSatA ke AdhAra para mandira ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sthAna diyA gyaa| udAharaNa ke lie-indra-indrANI ko tIrthaMkara ke siMhAsana para camaradhArI ke rUpa meM, dvArapAloM ko dvArapakSoM para tathA dikpAloM ko vedI ke yA mandira kI bAhya-bhittiyoM ke koNoM para sthAna diyA gyaa| devagar3ha meM yakSiyoM kI apekSA yakSoM kI mUrtiyA~ bahuta kama milIM aura jo bhI milI haiM unake sAtha yA samIpa sambaddha yakSI kI mUrti avazya milatI hai| jabaki svatantra rUpa meM yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ yahA~ saikar3oM haiN| yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki eka hI tIrthaMkara ke yakSa aura yakSI ke paraspara dAmpatya kA ullekha kahIM nahIM miltaa| eka mAtra teIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke yakSa dharaNendra aura yakSI padmAvatI ke dAmpatya ke pramANa milate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina donoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI eka-dUsare se saTAkara yA padmAvatI ko dharaNendra kI goda meM baiThAkara aMkita kI gayI haiN|' aMkana meM zAstra-vidhi kI upekSA : yaha tathya vicAraNIya hai ki anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti devagar3ha kA kalAkAra bhI deva-deviyoM ke aMkana meM zAstrIya vidhAnoM kA kama aura pracalita paramparAoM tathA tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM kA adhika anugAmI thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki devagar3ha yA aise hI anya aneka sthAnoM para deva-deviyoM kI jo mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM unameM zAstrIya lakSaNa zata-pratizata kadAcit hI ghaTita hote hoN| 1. (a) dharmAbhAdhakaradvayAlakulizA cakrAGkahastASTakA savyAsavyazayallasatphalavarA yanmUrtirAste'mbuje / tArthe vA saha cakrayugmarucakatyAgaizcaturbhiH karaiH / paJceSvAsazatonnataprabhunatAM cakrezvarI tAM yje| --paM. AzAdhara : pra.sA.,3-156 (ba) yA devyUrdhvakaradvayena kulizaM cakrANyadhaHsthaiH karaiH aSTAbhizca phalaM varaM karayugenAdyanma evAthavA // dhatte cakrayugaM phalaM varamimAM daurbhizcaturbhiH zritAM tAye tAM purutIrtha pAlanaparAM cakrezvarI saMyaje / / -nemicandra deva : pra.ti., 7-1 (sa) SaTpAdA dvAdazabhujA cakrANyaSTau dvivajrakam / mAtuliGgAbhaye caiva tathA padmAsanApi ca // garuDoparisaMsthA ca krezI hemvrnnikaa| --bhuvanadevAcArya : aparA., pR. 566 / (da) yativRSabhaH tiloyapaNNatti, bhAga eka, DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye tathA DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina dvArA sampAdita (zolApura, 1943), 4-9271 2. de.-citra saM. 99, 100, 111 tathA 98 / 3. (a) bhAvadevasUri : pArzvanAtha caritra, sarga 6, zloka 50-68 / (va) vAdirAjasUri : pArzvanAtha caritra, sarga 12, zloka 421 146 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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itanA hI nahIM, eka kalAkAra ke vicAra aura zailI dUsare kalAkAra se prAyaH bhinna hI hote the tabhI to hameM eka hI devI kabhI do hAthoM sahita, kabhI cAra hAthoM sahita, kabhI ATha yA solaha yA bIsa hAthoM sahita bhI milatI hai| kabhI-kabhI to zAstra-vihita devI aura kalAkAra dvArA praNIta devI meM kisI bhI prakAra kI samAnatA nahIM hotI, parantu hameM phira bhI una donoM kA samIkaraNa karanA hI par3atA hai| udAharaNa ke lie-hama teIsaveM tIrthaMkara kI yakSI padmAvatI ko leNge| pratiSThAsAroddhAra ke anusAra yaha devI kurkaTa (Cobra) sarpa para AsIna, tIna phaNo kI Avali sahita aura chaha hAthoM meM vibhinna vastue~ dhAraNa kiye hue tathA aparAjitapRcchA' ke anusAra use kukkuTa (murgA') para AsIna tathA cAra hAthoMvAlI honA caahie| bhairava-padmAvatI-kalpa" ke anusAra anya vizeSatAoM ke sAtha usake tIna netra aura tIna phaNoM kI avali honA caahie| parantu ina sabake viparIta devagar3ha, cA~dapura aura khajurAho Adi aneka sthAnoM para prApta padmAvatI kI mUrtiyoM meM phaNAvali kucha ke mastaka para aura kucha ke sAthavAle tIrthaMkara ke mastaka para milatI hai| prAyaH do hAtha milate haiM, tIna netra kisI ke nahIM milate tathA sabase adhika vicitra bAta yaha hai ki padmAvatI kI prAyaH sabhI mUrtiyA~ eka vAlaka ko liye hue aMkita kI gayI haiN| isase bhI vicitra bAta yaha hai ki eka tIrthaMkara kI yakSI ko dUsare tIrthaMkara ke sAtha bhI dikhAyA gayA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki upalabdha mUrtiyoM kA samIkaraNa kevala zAstrIya vidhAnoM ke AdhAra para hI nahIM, pratyuta kalAgata paramparAoM aura tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM ke pariprekSya 1. udAharaNa ke lie cakrezvarI ke aparA (pR. 566) ke anusAra 12, pra.sA. (3-156) ke anusAra 16 tathA pratiSThAtilaka (7-1) ke anusAra 20 bhujAe~ honA caahie| 2. adhyAya tIna. zloka 1771 3. bhuvanadevAcArya kI yaha mUla kRti DaoN. vI.bhaTTAcArya dvArA sampAdita hokara oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, bar3audA se 1950 meM prakAzita huI hai| 4. 'padmAsanA kukkuTasthA khyAtA padmAvatIti c|' sUtra 211, padya 371 5. mudrita prati meM kukkuTa ke sthAna para 'kukuTa' yA 'karkaTa' honA cAhie thA, jisakA artha eka prakAra kA sarpa hotA hai| isa devI kA sambandha sarpa se hI hai, kukkuTa (murge) se nhiiN| 6. (sUrata se prakAzita), adhyAya do, zloka 2 aura 12 / 7. kahIM-kahIM padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ binA vAlaka ke bhI prApta huI haiN| udAharaNArtha tevara (tripurI) se prApta padmAvatI kI eka trimUrtikA, isake Upara ke donoM hAthoM meM sanAla-kamala, nicalA dAyA~ abhaya mudrA meM aura nicale vAyeM hAtha meM kalaza hai| dekhie-sAgara vizvavidyAlaya purAtattva-patrikA (saM. eka, 1967), phalaka 201 8. de.-citra saM. 63. yaha maM. saM. 12 mahAmaNDapa meM (bAyeM se dAyeM) tIsarI marti hai. jisameM tIrthaMkara to phaNAvalisahita haiM, kintu parikara meM navagraha tathA donoM pAryoM meM amvikA yakSI ke Alekhana haiN| yahA~ aura bhI de.-phaNAvalidhArI sumatinAtha (citra saM. 56) / tathA citra saM. 75 meM AdinAtha ke sAtha eka ora ambikA tathA dUsarI ora cakrezvarI kA aMkana huA hai| mUrtikalA : 11:

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meM bhI kiyA jAnA caahie| vargIkaraNa : aba hama ukta pRSThabhUmi ke pariprekSya meM devagar3ha kI jaina deva-devI mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana prastuta kreNge| suvidhA kI dRSTi se hama inheM pA~ca vargoM meM vibhakta kareMge (1) yakSa (zAsanadeva) (2) yakSI (zAsanadevI) (3) vidyA devI (4) pratIkAtmaka deva-deviyA~ : lakSmI, sarasvatI, navagraha, gaMgA, yamunA, nAgI aura naag| (5) anya deva-deviyA~ : (a) indra-indrANI, (va) udghoSaka, (sa) paricArakaparicArikAe~, (da) kIrtimukha, (i) kIcaka, (I) dvArapAla, (u) kSetrapAla / (a) yakSa (zAsanadeva) devagar3ha meM kevala tIna yakSoM kI mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM : gomukha, pArzva aura dhrnnendr| gomukha : gomukha ekamAtra aisA yakSa hai jisakA mukha manupya ke samAna na hokara baila ke samAna hai| isakI kucha mUrtiyA~ yahA~ prApta huI haiM, jinameM se maM. saM. tIna, bAraha (citra saMkhyA 98), unnIsa aura bAIsa kI ullekhanIya haiN| mandira saMkhyA tIna 1. kucha mUrtiyoM kA samIkaraNa sambhava nahIM thA, kyoMki kucha bahuta adhika khaNDita haiN| aura kucha na to prAyaH kisI zAstrIya vidhAna ke antargata AtI haiM, aura na kisI paramparA yA paristhiti se unakA sambandha jur3atA hai| 2. (a) savyetarordhvakaradIptaparazvadhAkSasUtraM tathAdharakarAr3akaphaleSTadAnam / prAggomukhaM vRSamukhaM vRpagaM vRpAGkabhaktaM vaje kanakabhaM vRpacakrazIrpam // __-- paM. AzAdhara : prasA ., 3-129 / (ba) vAmAnyordhvakaradvayena parazuM dhatte'kSamAlAmadhaH / savyAsavyakaradvayena lalitaM yo vIjapUraM varam / taM mUnAM kRtadharmacakramanizaM govaktraka gomukham / zrI nAmeyajinendrapAdakamalA lolAlimAlApaye // namicandra deva : pra.ti., 7-1, pR. 3: / / (sa) varAkSasUtre pAzazca mAtuliGgaM caturbhujaH / zvatavAM vRSamukho vRSabhAsanasaMsthitaH / / bhavanadevAcArya : aparA, pR. 569 / (da) caturbhujaHsuvarNAbhaH gomukho bRpavAhanaH / hastena parazaM dhattaM bIjapUrAkSasUtrakam // varadAnapara: samyak dharmacakraM ca mstke| -vI.sI. bhaTTAcArya : jana ATakAnAgrAfI (lAhAra, 199), pR. 1 / / 145 " devagar3ha kI jana kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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kI gomukha yakSa kI mUrti, AdinAtha kI jisa mUrti ke sAtha utkIrNa kI gayI hai, vaha itihAsa aura kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| gomukha-mUrti kI AnupAtika laghutA ne isa sampUrNa mUrti-phalakaM ko guptottara kAla kA siddha karane meM bar3A bala diyA hai| maM. saM. 12 kI uparyukta gomukha-mUrti (citra saMkhyA 98) 1 phuTa 1 iMca U~cI aura 9 iMca caur3I hai| usakA mukha gau (baila) ke samAna aura zeSa zarIra manuSya ke samAna hai| vaha apane cAra hAthoM meM mAlA aura kalaza Adi liye hai| pAyala, kaTibandha, hAra, zIzamukuTa Adi AbhUSaNa tathA yajJopavIta atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| khajurAho meM isa yakSa kI aneka mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM, jinakA AkAra-prakAra prAyaH aisA hI hai| pArzva : bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke yakSa pArzva,' kA aMkana devagar3ha meM bahuta huA hai| usakI kucha mUrtiyA~ mandira saMkhyA 12, 13, 15 aura 23 meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| jaina mUrti-zAstra ke granthoM meM isakA nAmAntara gomedha bhI prApta hotA hai| dharaNendra : teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke yakSa dharaNa yA dharaNendra kA Alekhana bhI yahA~ pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| isakI mUrtiyA~ maM. saM. 24, 28 aura aneka stambhoM ke atirikta svatantra rUpa se (padmAvatI ke sAtha) zatAdhika nirmita huiiN| padmAvatI kI goda meM dikhAye gaye bAlaka ke atirikta, kabhI-kabhI isakI goda meM bhI eka bAlaka nidarzita kiyA gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI isake mastaka para phaNAvali 1. de.-citra saM. 591 2. (a) zyAmastrivakro drughaNaM kuThAraM daNDaM phalaM vajradarau ca bibhrt| gomedayakSaH kSitazaGkhalakSmA pUjAM nRvAho'haMtu puSpayAnaH // -paM. AzAdhara, pra.sA., 3-1501 (ba) ghanaM kuThAraM ca bibharti daNDaM sabyaiH phalairvajravarau ca yo'nyaiH / hastaistamArAdhitaneminAthaM gomedhayakSaM prayajAmi dakSam // -nemicandradeva : pra. ti., pR. 337-38 / (sa) pAryo dhanurbANamRNDi mudgarazca phalaM vrH| sargarUpaH zyAmavarNaH kartavyaH zAntimicchatA // -bhuvanadevAcArya : aparA., pR. 5701 3. pratiSThAsAroddhAra (3-150) tathA pratiSThAtilaka (pR. 337-38) para / 4. dharaNa yA dharaNendra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra prApta hotA hai : (a) UrdhvadvihastadhRtavAsukirudbhaTAdhaH svyaanypaanniphlpaashvrprnnntaa| zrInAgarAjakakudaM dharaNo bhranIlaH kUrmazrito bhajatu vAsukimolirijyAm // -paM. AzAdhara : pra.sA., 3-151 / (ba) savyetarAbhyAmuparisthitAbhyAM yo vAsukIpAzavaro parAbhyAm // dhatte tamenaM phaNimolicUlaM pArzvezayakSa dharaNaM dhinomi // -nemicandradeva : pra. ti., pR. 338 / 5. dekhie-citra saM. 107 se 110 tk| 6. de.-ma.saM. 24 meM jar3I mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 107 se 110 tk| mUrtikalA :: 149

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bhI aMkita kI gayI hai| padmAvatI ke sAtha kiye gaye isake aMkana vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya haiN|' (ba) yakSI (zAsanadevI) devagar3ha ke kalAkAra ne tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke pazcAt sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ zAsana deviyoM kI hI nirmita kiiN| zAsana deviyoM meM bhI cakrezvarI, ambikA aura padmAvatI ke atirikta kisI anya kI mUrtiyA~ vahA~ nahIM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM ke sAtha kama aura svatantra rUpa se adhika nirmita kI gayI haiN| kucha ko praveza-dvAroM para aura mAnastambhoM kI devakulikAoM meM bhI utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| sabhI eka hI yuga kI dena nahIM haiN| sabhI meM, apane-apane varga meM bhI lAkSaNika samAnatA nahIM hai| prAyaH sabhI bahumUlya vastroM aura ratnAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta haiN| adhikAMza ko lalitAsana yA rAjalIlAsana meM AsIna yA kucha ko khar3I huI dikhAyA gayA hai| ve baiThI hoM yA khar3I, unake aMga-pratyaMga saMyama kI sImA nahIM tor3a sake haiN| khajurAho yA anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti unake zarIra para yauvana kA ubhAra to hai, para unmAda nahIM hai| unake darzana se hamArA mana vikAroM se nahIM, balki bhakti se bhara uThatA hai| apane pati kI goda meM baiThI rahakara bhI devI apane sAtha baiThe putra ke prati jisa vAtsalya aura mAtRtva kI bhAvanA ko abhivyakta karatI hai, vaha alaukika rUpa meM na sahI, para laukika rUpa meM samAja ko nizcita hI prANavAn banAtI hai| inameM se kucha mUrtiyoM kA vistRta adhyayana kreNge| cakrezvarI : vibhinna mandiroM aura stambhoM ke atirikta, cakrezvarI kI do mUrtiyA~ sthAnIya sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM bhI pradarzita haiM, donoM viMzatibhujI haiN| donoM hI mUrtiyA~ (citra 99 aura 100) sAjasajjA aura kalA kI dRSTi se atyanta prazaMsanIya bana par3I haiN| donoM ke AsanoM para tithirahita lekha haiN| kalAgata vizeSatAoM aura lekhoM kI lipi ke AdhAra para ye donoM mUrtiyA~ navamI-dazamI zatAbdI kI pratIta hotI 1. de.-jaina cahAradIvArI tathA maM.saM. 24 Adi meM jar3I huI mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 109, 1101 2. de.-Age padmAvatI kA vivaraNa, pR. 189 se 193 tk| 3. de. -citra saM. 99 aura 100 / 4. maM.saM. 2 ke sAmane (pUrva meM) dhvaMsAvazeSoM meM bhI viMzatibhujI cakrezvarI kI eka zirahIna kintu aisI ___hI manojJa mUrti par3I hai| 5. ma. pra. ke devAsa jile ke gandhAvala nAmaka sthAna meM bhI viMzatibhujI garur3AsanA cakrezvarI kI eka - aisI hI mUrti upalabdha hai| 150 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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haiM / ' donoM kA vAhana garur3a aura parikara vistRta hai / donoM ke Upara tIrthaMkara kI padmAsana laghu AkRti aMkita hai| donoM ke garur3oM kI sazakta ur3Ana aura ojasvI AkRti mAnoM sampUrNa brahmANDa ko kSaNa-bhara meM hI nApa lene kI ThAna baiThI hai / svayaM deviyA~, eka ora saundarya aura garimA kI sAkSAt mUrti banI haiM, dUsarI ora ve pracaNDa teja aura vizva-niyAmaka zakti kI avatAra pratIta hotI haiN| unake hAthoM ke gatimAn cakra mAnoM sampUrNa vizva se pApiyoM kA damana karake hI caina leMge jabaki akSamAlA ke sAtha abhayamudrA meM dikhanevAle eka devI ke hAtha mAnoM samagra carAcara vizva ke santApa aura dAridrya ko kSaNa-bhara meM hI zAnta kara deMge / cakrezvarI kI anupama mUrti : devagar3ha meM cakrezvarI kA aMkana aneka sthAnoM para huA hai para bArahaveM mandira ke antarAla kI bAyIM mar3hiyA se lAkara sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM sthApita kI gayI mUrti meM jo alaukika bhAva-bhaMgimA samAviSTa hai vaha devagar3ha meM hI nahIM, kadAcit sampUrNa bhAratIya kalA meM durlabha hai| cAra phuTa U~ce evaM do phuTa chaha iMca caur3e zilAphalaka para utkIrNa do phuTa gyAraha iMca U~cI aura eka phuTa gyAraha iMca caur3I yaha garuDavAhinI devI apane eka hAtha meM akSamAlA, eka meM zaMkha aura sAta meM cakra dhAraNa kiye haiM / usake zeSa 11 hAtha khaNDita ho gaye haiM / garur3a kI AkRti paMkhadhArI manuSya ke samAna hai| usakA zmazruyukta tejasvI mukhamaNDala, usakI sazakta ur3Ana kA pariNAma pratIta hotA hai / bAyeM hAtha aura mastaka dvArA vaha devI ko dhAraNa kara rahA hai / vibhinna AbhUSaNoM ke atirikta usakA yajJopavIta aura senApati kI-sI TopI ullekhanIya haiM / devI ke parikara meM Upara dAyeM lakSmI aura bAyeM sarasvatI tathA mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara-yugala ullekhanIya haiN| saMgItamaNDalI dvArA pUjita hote hue tIna tIrthaMkara isa yakSI ke mastaka para virAjamAna haiM / cakrezvarI svayaM bhakti kI avatAra pratIta hotI hai / usake AbhUSaNa aura vezabhUSA ke kalAtmaka aMkana darzaka kI dRSTi ko AkRSTa kiye vinA nahIM rahate / cakrezvarI kI sundara mUrti: sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM hI sthita eka anya zilAphalaka para aMkita cakrezvarI bhI kalA kA zreSTha nidarzana hai| 4 phuTa 4 iMca U~ce aura 2 phuTa 7 iMca caur3e zilAphalaka para utkIrNa isa garur3avAhinI yakSI ke sabhI (bIsa) hAtha surakSita haiM, jinameM cakra, khaDga, mudgara, trizUla, dhanuSa Adi vividha 1. inakI tulanA mathurA - purAtattva - saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita cakrezvarI kI dazabhujI mUrti (saM. DI. 6) (9vIM 10vIM zatI) se kI jA sakatI hai| aura bhI draSTavya-nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI mathurA kI mUrtikalA ( mathurA, 1965), pR. 34 tathA AkRti 93 | 2. de. - citra saM. 99 / 3. de. - citra saM. 100 mUrtikalA : 151

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Ayudha dikhAye gaye haiN| parikara meM donoM ora eka-eka ca~varadhAriNI paricArikA aMkita hai| mastaka para padmAsana tIrthaMkara ko mAlAdhArI vidyAdharoM dvArA arcita dikhAyA gayA hai| Upara ke donoM koNoM para eka-eka kAyotsargAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti Alikhita maM. saM. 19 kI dazabhujI cakrezvarI : mandira saMkhyA 19 meM sthita cakrezvarI mUrti kA bhI ullekha yahA~ Avazyaka hai| isa dazabhujI devI ke sabhI hAtha khaNDita ho cuke haiN| usakA vAhana garur3a apanI viziSTa mukhAkRti ke kAraNa hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa karatA hai| parikara Adi kI dRSTi se yaha Upara varNita donoM mUrtiyoM se samAnatA rakhatI hai| mAnastambha para cakrezvarI : stambha saMkhyA 11 (citra 45) para pUrvI ora dazabhujI cakrezvarI kA manorama aMkana hai (de. citra 111) / isake garur3a kI sazakta ur3Ana darzanIya hai| ___ambikA : ambikA ko hama mAtRtva kI devI kaheM to atyukti na hogii| bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI zAsana-devI yaha yakSI kadAcit devagar3ha kI bhI adhiSThAtR devI rahI hai, tabhI to usakI mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA yahA~ kaI sau hai' aura tabhI to vaha kevala neminAtha ke sAtha na dikhAyI jAkara RSabhanAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke sAtha bhI aMkita kI gayI hai| ma. saM. 12 kI ambikA mUrtiyA~ : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha meM praveza dvAra ke dAyeM sAta phuTa U~ce aura tIna phuTa do iMca caur3e zilAphalaka para nirmita pA~ca phuTa sAta iMca U~cI tathA do phuTa nau iMca caur3I ambikA kI mUrti aneka dRSTiyoM se ullekhanIya hai| isakA vAhana siMha apekSAkRta vizAla, sazakta aura svAbhAvika bana par3A hai| pArzva meM khar3A usakA eka bAlaka vastrAbhUSaNoM se bhavyatA ke sAtha alaMkRta dikhAyA gayA hai| goda meM sthita dUsarA bAlaka eka hAtha meM Amraphala dhAraNa kiye hai aura dUsare se apanI mA~ ke karNAbharaNa se khela rahA hai| yakSI ke AbhUSaNa aura vastra Adi to kalAgata samRddhi ke dyotaka haiM hI, usakI kSINa kaTi, bhAvapUrNa mudrA Adi bhI atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai| pRSThabhAga meM Amragucchaka bhI sUkSmatA ke sAtha Alikhita hai, jisake Upara padmAsana meM eka tIrthaMkara (laghu AkRti) nirmita hai| isa 1. kucha ullekhanIya ambikA mUrtiyoM ke lie de.-citra saM. 103 se 105 taka tathA 1091 2. de.-maM.saM. 4 kI bhItarI pazcimI dIvAra meM jar3I huI evaM citra saM. 75 / 3. de. maM.saM. 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM (bAyeM se dAyeM) tIsarI mUrti tathA citra saM. 63 / 4. RSabhanAtha ke sAtha ambikA kA aMkana kama ke kama chaThI zatI meM bhI hotA thaa| akoTA meM prApta mUrti-samUha meM se eka kAMsya-pratimA aisI hI hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya-DaoN.u.pre. zAha : sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa (banArasa, 1955), pR. 191 5. de.-citra saM. 105 1 152 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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laghu-tIrthakara AkRti ke donoM ora mAlAdhArI vidyAdharoM kI sazakta ur3Ana bhI darzanIya hai| isa mUrti ke atirikta, isI garbhagRha meM isa yakSI kI tIna mUrtiyA~ aura bhI haiN| kalA kI dRSTi se ye bhI prathama zreNI meM rakhI jaaeNgii| ina tInoM kI TopiyA~, ukta ambikA kI TopI se, jo senApati kI TopI se milatI-julatI hai, bhinna haiN| inhoMne ukta yakSI ke samAna cUr3iyA~ na pahanakara kaMkaNa pahana rakhe haiN| inake adhovastra (sAr3iyA~) vizeSa AkarSaNa kI vastu haiN| ambikA yakSI kI anya mUrtiyA~ : isa yakSI kI saikar3oM mUrtiyA~ jaina cahAradIvArI, vibhinna mandiroM meM tathA unake dvArapakSoM para aura stambhoM Adi para dekhI jA sakatI haiN| isakI bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ dvitIya koTa ke praveza-dvAra se mandiroM kI ora jAnevAle mArga ke donoM ora prastara-nirmita choTe-choTe cabUtaroM para bhI darzanIya haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiN| padmAvatI : devagar3ha ke kalAkAra ne, yakSiyoM meM ambikA ke pazcAt padmAvatI kI hI mUrtiyA~ sarvAdhika utkIrNa kI haiN| yahA~ unakI bhI saMkhyA kaI sau taka pahu~ca gayI hai| ye sabhI mUrtiyA~ do bhAgoM meM rakhI jA sakatI haiM : eka ve jinameM kevala padmAvatI goda meM eka bAlaka ko liye hue baiThI hotI hai aura dUsarI ve jinameM vaha apane pati ke vAma-pArzva meM yA goda meM baiThI hotI hai tathA una donoM kI goda meM yA unameM se kisI eka kI goda meM eka-eka bAlaka hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI ina donoM prakAra kI mUrtiyoM meM ve khar3e bhI dikhAye jAte haiN| jaisA Upara kahA jA cukA hai, kalAkAra ne dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke mUrtyakana meM atyadhika svecchAcAritA se kAma liyA hai| usane dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke zAstrIya svarUpa ko pUrNa rUpa se tilAMjali dekara usakA eka sarvathA navIna parantu atyanta vyAvahArika rUpa gar3ha DAlA hai| dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke isa rUpa-parivartana ne aneka kalA-marmajJoM aura itihAsakAroM ko bhI bhrama meM DAla diyA hai| unhoMne isake samIkaraNa meM kucha vicitra kalpanAoM kA Azraya liyA hai| zrI dayArAma sAhanI ne inheM kalpadruma ke nIce sthita suSamA-suSamA kAla (avasarpiNI kAla kA prathama bhAga) kA sukhI yugala mAnA hai, para yaha nirI kalpanA hai kyoMki isa prakAra kI mUrtiyA~ banAne kA na to koI vidhAna hai aura na prmpraa| 1. kucha ullekhanIya ambikA mUrtiyoM ke lie dekhie-citra saM. 103-105 tathA 109 / 2. eka sundara ambikA mUrti ke lie de.-citra saM. 104 / 3. kucha ullekhanIya padmAvaptI-mUrtiyoM ke lie dekhie-citra saM 106 se 110 tk| 4. de.-citra saM. 106 / / 5. de.-citra saM. 107 se 110 tk| 6. enuala pro.ri., bhAga do (lAhaura, 1918 I.), pR. 9 / mUrtikalA :: 153

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zrI sAhanI kA dhyAna usa vRkSa ke zikhara para aMkita tIrthaMkara-mUrti kI ora gayA pratIta nahIM hotA, anyathA usake rahate hue eka sAdhAraNa vRkSa ko ve kalpavRkSa kI saMjJA na dete| DaoN. sTailA kremariza ne, cA~dapura (lalitapura) meM upalabdha eka aise hI yugala ko gomedha aura ambikA mAnA hai|' unhoMne deva aura devI donoM kI goda meM eka-eka bAlaka ko dekhakara yaha samIkaraNa kara diyA hai| parantu yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ambikA ke do bAlaka (kabhI-kabhI eka hI) kevala usI ke sAtha dikhAye jAte haiM aura vaha svayaM kisI anya deva ke sAtha baiThI huI kabhI nahIM dikhAyI jaatii| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki teIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke yakSa-yakSI dharaNendra-padmAvatI paraspara pati-patnI bhI the, jabaki ambikA aura gomedha (pAva) nhiiN| ataH yahA~ eka sammAnya aura uttaradAyitvapUrNa devI ko, vizeSa rUpa se sAkSAt tIrthaMkara ke caraNoM meM (vRkSa para tIrthaMkara kI tIna mUrtiyA~) eka parAye deva ke sAtha saTakara baiThA huA dikhAyA jAnA bhAratIya saMskRti aura paramparA ke sarvathA viruddha hai| DaoN. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha ke anusAra yaha yugala-mUrti tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA kI honI caahie| yaha kalpanA usa samaya hAsyAspada lagatI hai jaba pati aura patnI donoM kI goda meM eka-eka bAlaka hotA hai jabaki tIrthaMkara apane mAtA-pitA kI ikalautI santAna hote haiN| DaoN. klaoNja brUna ne isa yugala kA sambandha saMkoca se ambikA aura gomedha se jor3A hai, para ve isake lie koI tarka nahIM de sake haiN| DaoN. urmilA agravAla ne bhI kadAcit DaoN. sTailA kremariza ke anukaraNa para isa yugala ko gomedha-yugala kahA hai| DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina ne naigameza kI mUrtiyoM ke prasaMga meM devagar3ha kI isa yugala-mUrti para bhI ullekhanIya vicAra diyA hai| kintu naigameza se isakA sambandha sthApita karanA sambhava nahIM, kyoMki usakI kalpanA kevala zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya meM hai| aura devagar3ha meM kevala digambara jaina dharma kA pracAra rahA hai| vAstava meM ye mUrtiyA~ dharaNendra-padmAvatI kI hI haiN| kyoMki-(1) devagar3ha, khajurAho aura cA~dapura Adi sthAnoM para prApta aisI aneka mUrtiyoM para sarpa kI phaNAvali draSTavya hai, (2) inake pRSThavartI vRkSa ke zikhara para aMkita tIrthaMkara ke mastaka para bhI prAyaH phaNAvali dekhI gayI hai, (3) goda meM sthita bAlaka se devI kI putradAyinI 1. dI hindU Tempala, jilda do (kalakattA, 1946), pR. 397, phalaka 54 / 2. sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa (banArasa, 1955), pR. 21, phalaka 17, AkRti 45-46 / 3. san 1956 ke devagar3ha-melA meM par3he gaye eka bhASaNa se, (pR. 5) / 4. khajurAho skalpacarsa eNDa deyara signIfikaMsa (dillI, 1964), pR. 110, AkRti 82 / 5. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna (bhopAla, 1962), pR. 361, AkRti 33-341 6. aisI kucha mUrtiyoM ke lie draSTavya citra saM. 106 se 110 tk| 154 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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zakti kA bodha hotA hai, bhairava - padmAvatI - kalpa meM use vandhyA ko bhI putra denevAlI kahA gayA hai / ' dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ : dharaNendra kI mUrtiyA~ adhikAMzataH padmAvatI ke sAtha hI pradarzita kI gayI haiM / yaha rAjalIlAsana meM AsIna hotA hai aura usakI bAyIM goda meM padmAvatI AsIna hotI hai| isakA bAyA~ hAtha kabhI-kabhI padmAvatI ke dAyeM yA bAyeM kandhe para sthita rahatA hai| donoM ke eka-eka hAtha meM nArikela yA mAtuliMga hotA hai aura kabhI-kabhI donoM kI yA kevala padmAvatI kI goda meM eka bAlaka hotA hai / maM. saM. 24 meM jar3I mUrtiyA~ : ( dharaNendra - padmAvatI) : maM. saM. 24 kI pazcimI bahirbhitti meM jar3e hue eka zilAphalaka para yaha yugala' atyanta bhavyatA se Alikhita hai / donoM kI paraspara snehasikta kintu iSTadeva ke prati samarpaNa kI mudrA aura bhavya veza-bhUSA darzanIya bana par3I hai| donoM kI goda meM bAlaka aura dAyeM hAtha nArikela hai / pRSThabhAga meM Alikhita vRkSa para phaNAvali - sahita pArzvanAtha kA aMkana hai / isI mandira ke garbhagRha meM sthita isa yugala kI eka anya mUrti bhI isalie ullekhanIya hai ki dharaNendra aura padmAvatI donoM kI goda meM AsIna bAlaka adhovastra (dhotI) pahane haiN| isa yugala kI ina donoM mUrtiyoM ko devagar3ha kI aisI zatAdhika mUrtiyoM kA pratinidhi mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1 padmAvatI kI svatantra mUrti : padmAvatI kI svatantra ( dharaNendra ke binA ) mUrtiyA~ bhI devagar3ha meM bahuta haiN|. sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM sthita usakI eka mUrti 2 phuTa 5 iMca U~ce aura 2 phuTa 2 iMca caur3e zilAphalaka' para aMkita hai| usakA vAhana siMha aura goda meM baiThA bAlaka sadA kI bhA~ti upasthita haiM / vaha lalitAsana meM darzita hai / vaha bAyeM hAtha se bAlaka ko sa~bhAle hai aura dAyeM hAtha meM vajra dhAraNa kiye hai / bhAva-bhaMgimA aura 1 1. malliSeNa: padmAvatI daNDaka : ke.bI. abhyaMkara sampAdita ( ahamadAbAda, 1937), pariziSTa 5, pR. 361 lakSmI - saubhAgyakarA jagatsukhakarA vandhyApi putrAyitA, nAnArogavinAzinI aghaharA (tri) kRpAjo rakSikA / raGkAnAM dhanadAyikA suphalla vAJchArthi - cintAmaNiH, trailokyAdhipatirbhavArNavatrAtA padmAvatI pAtuH vaH // 12 // 2. de. - citra saM. 1101 3. de. - citra saM. 107 / 4. isa yugala kI anya AkarSaka mUrtiyoM ke lie draSTavya - citra saM. 108 tathA 109 / 5. de. - citra saM. 106 1 6. jaisA ki ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, yaha pratimA maM. saM. 12 ke antarAla kI dAyIM mar3hiyA se yahA~ sthAnAntarita kI gayI hai / mUrtikalA : ::155

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vezabhUSA uccakoTi kI hai| Asana para donoM ora eka-eka strI-AkRti, usake Upara eka-eka camaradhArI puruSAkRti aura usake bhI Upara ur3Ana bharatA huA mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara - yugala Alikhita haiM / ina sabake Upara, madhya meM pArzvanAtha aura unake donoM ora eka-eka kAyotsargAsana aura eka-eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM padmAvatI kI yaha mUrti isa sampUrNa saMyojanA ke pariprekSya meM itanI bhavya bana par3I hai ki use bhAratIya kalA ke katipaya nidarzanoM meM se eka mAnanA hogA / 1 caubIsa yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~: ina sabake atirikta devagar3ha meM maM. saM. 12 kI bAhya bhittiyoM para yakSI mUrtiyoM ke alaga-alaga 24 zilAphalaka' jar3e hue haiN| pratyeka zilAphalaka para Upara tIrthaMkara kI padmAsana mUrti aura nIce yakSI kI khar3I mUrti aMkita hai| kucha ke vAhana bhI pradarzita haiM, jinapara devI ko AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai yA jo devI ke nikaTa hI kahIM Alikhita haiN| yakSI ke nIce usakA nAma aura kabhI-kabhI tIrthaMkara ke nIce usakA nAma utkIrNa hai| inameM se kucha aspaSTa ho jAne se par3he nahIM jA sakate, aura jo par3he jA sakate haiM, ve kramazaH agralikhita haiM 1. cakrezvarI2, 4. bhagavatI sarasvatI, 6. sulocanA, 8. sumAlinI', 9. bahurUpiNI, 10. zrIyadevI, 11. vAhinI, 12. abhogarohinI, 13. sulakSaNA, 14. anantavIryA, 15. surakSitA, 16. zrIyadevI (anantavIryA), (mayUravAhinI), 17. arakaramI, 18. tArAdevI, 19. bhImadevI, 20. ( nAmarahita), 21. ( nAmarahita), 22. ambikA, 23. padmAvatI 24. siddhidAyikA / ina yakSI mUrtiyoM kA mahattva : yakSiyoM kI yaha sUcI kaI kAraNoM se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| prathama kAraNa yaha hai ki yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha unake nAma bhI utkIrNa milanevAle kevala do sthAnoM meM se yaha eka hai, dUsarA sthAna satanA jile ke pataurA grAma ke nikaTa patiyAnadAI - mandira hai, jisameM prApta huI ambikA - mUrti ke 1. bahirbhittiyoM para isI DhaMga se jar3I huI mUrtiyoM vAle mandiroM meM 'paTTadakala' ke 'saMgamezvara mandira' aura 'mallikArjuna - mandira' ullekhanIya haiN| dekhie - luisa phreDarika : iNDiyana Tempalsa eNDa skalpacara, pR. 213 aura 215, AkRti 193 aura 199 / isI paramparA meM aura bhI dekhie - 'paTTadakala' meM hI 'virUpAkSa' ke do mandira, jinakA nirmANa kramazaH 680 I. aura 740 I. meM huA thA / draSTavya- AryolAjI ina iNDiyA (dillI, 1950 ), phalaka 29 tathA 30 1 2. ye aMka tIrthaMkaroM ke kramAMka haiN| 3. de. -- citra saM. 101 / 4. de. - citra saM. 102 / 5. isa mandira aura usameM prApta yakSI mUrtiyoM ke vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhie - paM. gopIlAla amara: patiyAnadAI: eka guptakAlIna jainamandira, anekAnta, varSa 19, kiraNa 6, pR. 340-46 6. yaha mUrti aba prayAga - saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| 156 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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sAtha aMkita yakSI mUrtiyoM ke nAma bhI utkIrNa haiN| ina nAmoM se yakSiyoM kI vibhinna granthoM se prApta nAmAvalI se tulanA karane para kaI tathya sAmane Ate haiN| yaha nAmAvalI prastuta karanevAle pratinidhi grantha tiloyapaNNatti, pratiSThAsAroddhAra, pratiSThAtilaka aura aparAjitapRcchA Adi granthoM kI tathA yahA~ utkIrNa nAmAvalI meM yakSiyoM ke nAmoM, krama, vAhanoM, hAthoM kI saMkhyA aura AyudhoM Adi meM atyadhika viSamatA hai| isa viSamatA ko dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ina mUrtiyoM ke kalAkAra ke sAmane koI aisA grantha rahA hogA, jo aba aprApta hai| dUsarI ora yaha sandeha bhI hotA hai ki ukta kalAkAra paryApta zikSita aura sAvadhAna nahIM thA, kyoMki usane kucha nAmoM ko azuddha utkIrNa kiyA hai aura kucha ko do-do bAra utkIrNa kara diyA hai| nAmoM ke akrama se pAye jAne kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki kalAkAra dvArA taiyAra kiye jAkara ekatra rakhe hue mUrti-phalakoM ko sthapati ne hI akrama se jar3a diyA ho| (sa) vidyA-deviyA~ devagar3ha ke kalAkAra ne vidyAdeviyoM ke aMkana meM bhI paryApta abhiruci dikhAyI hai| mahAkAlI nAmaka AThavIM vidyAdevI ko to usane tIna bAra aMkita kiyA hai| maM. saM. pA~ca ke pUrvI dvAra ke Upara dAyeM isa mahAkAlI nAmaka AThavIM, naravAhinI 1. (a) vidyA priyAH SoDaza dRgvishuddhi-purogmaahtykRdrthraagaaH| yathAyathaM sAdhu nivezya vidyA-devIryaje durjayadozcatuSkAH / / -paM. AzAdhara : pra.sA., 3-32 / (va) sphuritakaracatuSkAstIrthakRnnAmapuNyAvahaviditaviziSTaTyaSTasadbhAvanotkAH / prakaTitajinamArgAH saMhataikAntamArgAH, vibudha-vinuta-vidyAdevatAH vyAharAmaH // -paM. nemicandradeva : pratiSThAtilaka (bambaI, 1914), pR. 283 / 2. de.-citra saM. 61 3. (a) mahAkAlI tamAlAbhA purussvaahnsthitaa| akSasUtraM tathA vajaM dhatte'bhayaM ca ghaNTikAm // -DaoN. dvijendranAtha zukla : vAstuzAstra, jilda 2, saMskRta pATha (lakhanaU, mudraNavarSa nahIM diyA), pR. 2751 (va) cakradhikaM sAdhuSu yaH samAdhiM taM sevamAnA zarabhAdhirUDhA / zyAmA dhanuH khaDgaphalAstrahastA baliM mahAkAli juSasva zAntyai // -paM. AzAdhara : pra.sA., 3-44 (sa) bhaktyAnvitA sAdhusamAdhi-rUpa-sadbhAvanAsiddhajinAGghri pdm| cApaM phalaM vANamasiM babhAra yA tAM mahAkAlimahaM yajAmi / / -paM. nemicandradeva : pra. ti., pR. 286-87 / mUrtikalA :: 157

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vidyAdevI kA aMkana hai| usake tIna hAthoM meM vajra, ghaNTikA aura phala vidyamAna haiM jabaki cauthA abhayamudrA meM hai 1 gaurI : isI (maM. saM. 5) dvAra ke bAyeM gaurI' nAmaka nauvIM vidyAdevI kA Alekhana hai, jisake hAthoM meM kamala, akSamAlA, kumbha aura mUsala haiN| usakA vAhana godhA bhI dikhAI detA hai / mahAkAlI : mandira saMkhyA 9 ke praveza dvAra ke siradala para madhya meM mahAkAlI vidyAdevI utkIrNa hai / usake Upara ke dAyeM hAtha meM vajra, bAyeM meM ghaNTikA tathA nIce dAyA~ hAtha abhayamudrA meM aura bAyeM meM akSamAlA hai| usakA vAhana nara bhI aMkita huA hai| isI devI kA eka aura aMkana maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para (bAyeM) 2 darzanIya hai, vahA~ isakA eka hAtha abhayamudrA meM aura dUsarA kucha khaNDita ho gayA hai| usake zeSa do hAthoM meM vajra aura ghaNTikA haiN| vAhana nara spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai | mahAmAnasI : mandira saMkhyA pA~ca ke pazcimI dvAra ke siradala para (bAyeM) 3 mahAmAnasI nAmaka solahavIM vidyAdevI aMkita huI hai| usake Upara ke dAyeM hAtha meM kRpANa aura bAyeM meM kheTaka (DhAla ) evaM nIce ke bAyeM meM kalaza hai tathA dAyA~ va mudrA meM hai, aura usake dAyeM siMha baiThA hai / 1. (ka) gaurI kanakavarNAbhA godhAvAhanasaMsthitA / varadamUsalAkSAbjasamanvitacatuSkarA // (kha) tapasvinAM saMyamabAdhavarjaM prativyadhattAtmavadApado yaH / godhAgatA hemarugabjahastA gauri pramodasva tadardhanAMzaH // (ga) yastIrthakRnnAma babandha vaiyAvRttye sphuradbhAvanayAgrapuNyam / taM sevamAnAmaravindahastAmArAdhayAmo varagauri - devIm // 2. de. - citra saM. 18 aura 19 / 3. -DaoN. dvi. nA. zukla : vahI, pR. 275 1 (ka) siMhAsana - samAsInA dhavalA mahAmAnasI / varAsi-kheTakairyuktA kuNDyA caiva caturbhujA || -paM. AzAdhara : pra.sA., 3-151 - paM. nemicandradeva : vahI, pR. 287 / - DaoN. dvi. nA. zukla : vahI, pR. 275 1 (kha) yodhAt sadharmasthitivatsalatvaM raktA mahAmAnasi tatpraNAme / raktA mahAhaMsagatekSasUtra- varAGkuzasraksahitAM yaje tvAm // 158 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana (ga) sadhArmikeSvAhitavatsalatvamArAdhayantIM vibhumakSamAlAm / mAlAM varaM cAGkuzamAdadhAnAM mAnye mahAmAnasi mAnaye tvAm // - paM. AzAdhara vahI, 3-521 - paM. nemicandradeva : vahI, pR. 279 /

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(da) pratIkAtmaka deva - deviyA~ anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti devagar3ha meM bhI kucha aise deva - deviyoM kI bhI mUrtiyA~ gar3hI gayI haiM, jinheM hama pratIkAtmaka kaha sakate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie lakSmI ko sampatti kA aura sarasvatI ko zrutadevatA kA pratIka kahA jA sakatA hai|' (a) sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~" 1. maM. saM. eka ke pIche kI sarasvatI mUrti : maM. saM. eka ke pRSThabhAga meM bAyeM se dAyeM (uttara se dakSiNa ) jo sAtavIM mUrti jar3I hai, usake bAyeM pArzva meM utkIrNa kI gayI mUrti sarasvatI ( khar3I) hai| usake Upara ke hAthoM meM akSamAlA aura kamala haiM tathA nIce ke bAyeM meM pustaka aura dAyA~ abhayamudrA meM hai| maM. saM. 11 ke 1. ( a ) dhIdAyini namastubhyaM jJAnarUpe namo'stu te / surArcite namastubhyaM bhuvanezvari te namaH // - jinaprabhasUri : bhairava padmAvatIkalpa (zAradA stavana ), ( ahamadAbAda, 1937 ), pariziSTa 15, zloka 9 1 (ba) devi zrI zrutadevate bhagavati tvatpAdapaGkeruha - dvandve yAmi zilImukhatvamaparaM bhaktyA mayA prArthyate / mAtazcetasi tiSTha me jinamukhodbhUte sadA trAhi mAm / dRgdAnena mayi prasIda bhavatIM sampUjayAmo'dhunA / - devazAstra guru pUjA : bRhajjinavANI saMgraha, paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla sampAdita ( kalakattA, 1937), pR. 83-84 / 2. yahA~ maM. saM. 12 kI bAhya bhittiyoM para jo caubIsa yakSiyoM kA aMkana huA hai, unameM se cauthI ( anantanAtha kI ) yakSI kA nAma bhI 'sarasvatI' utkIrNa hai| isake atirikta jayasena pratiSThA pATha (zolApura, vI.saM. 2452) ke anusAra zrI Adi 10 deviyoM meM 'dasavIM' devI kA nAma bhI 'sarasvatI' (zloka saM. 752 ) diyA gayA hai| 3. de. - citra saM. 76 / 4. (a) yaha devI vINAdhAriNI na hone para bhI sarasvatI hI hai, jaisA ki nimnalikhita lakSaNa se spaSTa hai : 'abhayajJAnamudrAkSamAlApustakadhAriNI / trinetrA pAtu mAM vANI jaTAbAlendumaNDitA // ' - malliSeNa: sarasvatIkalpa : bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa ( ahamadAbAda, 1937), pariziSTa 11, pR. 61 1 (ba) muni kAntisAgarajI ko bilaharI (ma.pra.) se prApta huI sarasvatI - mUrti bhI aisI hI hai| unhoMne mahAkosala kI mUrtiyoM kA paricaya dete hue ullekha kiyA hai ki isa ora kI sarasvatI - mUrtiyoM meM vINA nahIM pAyI jaatii| - draSTavya - khaMDaharoM kA vaibhava (kAzI, 1959), pR. 404 | (sa) isI prakAra kI sarasvatI kI eka khar3I dhAtu mUrti, jo vINA dhAraNa nahIM kiye hai, kendrIya saMgrahAlaya indaura meM bhI surakSita hai| vahA~ isakA AkAra 3 phuTa 4 iMca x 8 iMca hai| isake dAyeM nicale varadamudrAvAle hAtha meM akSamAlA hai tathA -> :: 159 mUrtikalA

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dUsare khaNDa ke praveza dvAra para bAyeM Alikhita sarasvatI ke hAthoM meM pustaka, vINA aura kalaza haiM tathA eka hAtha abhayamudrA meM hai / 2. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra para sarasvatI maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra para dAyeM jo sarasvatI utkIrNa haiM, vaha atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka, kalAmaya tathA bhavya bana par3I hai| isake Upara ke dAyeM hAtha meM sUtra se majabUtI ke sAtha lapeTI gayI pustaka aura nIcevAle meM vINA ke tAra haiN| Upara kA bAyA~ hAtha vINA sAdhe hue hai aura dAyeM meM kalaza vidyamAna hai| isake AbhUSaNoM meM paga meM pAyala, pA~va- poza, karadhanI, hathaphUla, baghamA ke cUrA, bAjUbanda, mohanamAlA, boralA, kaNThazrI, karNaphUla aura baiMdI tathA vastra sUkSmatA ke sAtha nidarzita haiM / isakI kezarAzi ghu~gharAlI hai aura jUr3A Upara ko sa~bhAla kara bA~dhA gayA hai / 1 1 Upara ke hAtha meM sanAla kamala, bAyeM nIce ke hAtha meM pustaka hai jabaki UparI hAtha kI vastu aspaSTa hai / - dekhie - prabhAkara govinda parAMjape : kendrIya saMgrahAlaya indaura kI saMkSipta mArgadarzikA (1961), pR. 5 tathA phalaka 7 / (da) sarasvatI kI khar3I, saMgamaramara kI atyanta sundara eka pratimA bIkAnera meM bhI prApta huI hai jo (Ajakala nyU eziyana eNTikveriyana myUz2iyama, dillI meM surakSita) vINAdhAriNI nahIM hai| isake dAyeM nicale hAtha meM mAlA, UparI meM sanAla kamala tathA bAyeM nicale hAtha meM kalaza aura UparavAle meM pustaka pradarzita haiM / pAdapITha para isakA vAhana haMsa Alikhita hai / isakI eka aura ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake pAdapITha ke donoM pArzvoM meM eka-eka sevikA vINA sa~bhAle hue pradarzita / isake lie aura bhI dekhie - AyalaoNjI ina iNDiyA (dillI, 1950), phalaka 57, citra (ba) / (i) bAnapura (jhA~sI) ke sahasrakUTa - jinAlaya meM eka aisI sarasvatI Alikhita hai, jisake kevala do hAtha haiN| yadyapi vaha vINA - dhAriNI hai kintu usakA vAhana aura pustaka adRzya hai| (I) rAjanApura khinakhinI (akolA) se prApta sarasvatI kI eka dhAtumUrti samprati nAgapura ke saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita hai| isake kevala do hAtha haiN| vaha bAyeM hAtha meM pothI aura dAyeM meM vartikA dhAraNa kiye hai| vaha lalitAsana meM kamalAsIna hai| usake zarIra para koI AbhUSaNa nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| uparyukta aMkanoM ke pariprekSya meM yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki kalAkAra 'jaina vAstuzAstra aura mUrti vijJAna' kI rakSA karate hue, sAmayika parivartana karate gaye haiM / 1. praveza dvAroM para sarasvatI kI mUrti aMkita karane kI paramparA devagar3ha meM to thI hI (de. maM. saM. 12 ke atirikta 11 aura 31 ke praveza-dvAra) nikaTavartI kalAkendroM para bhI isakA prabhAva par3A thaa| dekhie - bAnapura ke sahasrakUTa - jinAlaya kA uttarI praveza dvAra / 2. de. - citra saM. 18 aura 201 3. eka prakAra kA mAravAr3I AbhUSaNa / 4. bundelakhaNDa ke zilpI kI rUpasajjA aura alaMkaraNa - cArutA ko pradarzita karane vAlI aisI hI eka pratimA, ahAra ( TIkamagar3ha) zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| vaha lalitAsana meM AsIna hai / caturbhujI hai| usake dAyeM UparI hAtha meM grantha, nIce meM kalaza tathA bAyeM UparI meM sanAla kamala hai jabaki nIce kA hAtha khaNDita ho gayA | 160 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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3. maM. saM. 19 meM sthita sarasvatI mUrti : mandira saMkhyA 19 meM sarasvatI' kI eka vizAla (5' * 2' 2") khar3I mUrti avasthita hai / isa atyanta sundara devI kA zira mUrtibhaMjaka dvArA khaNDita kara diyA gayA hai, tathApi usakI manohara veza-bhUSA aura prabhAvotpAdaka alaMkaraNa Adi usakI pUrvasthiti kA AbhAsa dene meM pUrI taraha samartha haiN| isake pAdapITha meM haMsa vAhana ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| usake pArzva meM eka dampatI devI kI upAsanA meM rata hai / usake Upara do-do caurIdhArI sevikAe~ sevA meM pravRtta aMkita kI gayI haiM / unake bhI Upara ( dAyeM) apane dAyeM hAtha meM grantha aura bAyeM meM mAlA dhAraNa kiye AcArya aura (bAyeM ) pIchI - sahita AryikA upAsanA meM lIna haiN| unake Upara donoM ora eka-eka kAyotsargAsana aura unake bhI Upara eka-eka padmAsana tIrthaMkara aMkita haiM / tatpazcAt donoM ora sazakta ur3Ana bharate hue mAlAdhArI vidyAdharoM ke madhya padmAsana meM eka tIrthaMkara kA manorama Alekhana huA hai| devI ke pAyala, pAjeba, kaTibandha, bhujabandha, candrahAra aura stanahAra ke atirikta mukuTa bhI bhavyatA se nidarzita hai| isake cAroM hAtha khaNDita ho gaye haiM / 4. sarasvatI kI khar3I mUrti sarasvatI kI eka khar3I mUrti mandira saMkhyA 12 ke antarAla kI dAyIM mar3hiyA meM abhI-abhI pAsa ke kisI dhvasta avazeSoM meM se lAkara sthApita kara dI gayI hai / isa caturbhujI devI ke dAyeM UparI hAtha meM mAlA hai aura nIce kA varada mudrA meM hai, bAyeM UparI hAtha meM sanAla kamala hai jabaki nIce kA tAr3apatrIya grantha sa~bhAle hue hai| isake pAyala, pAjeba, kaTibandha, kaMgana, boMhaTA, ArasI, kaNThazrI, stanahAra, karNAbharaNa aura mukuTa atyanta sundaratA se nidarzita haiM pAdapITha ke Upara isake pArzva meM donoM ora do-do sevikAe~ utkIrNa haiN| Upara tIna padmAsana tIrthaMkaroM kA aMkana hai| devI kI mukhamudrA saumya aura prasanna hai / 1 5. anya sarasvatI mUrtiyA~ : sarasvatI ke ukta mUrtyaMkanoM ke atirikta yahA~ ke sAhU saMgrahAlaya meM vidyamAna viMzatibhujI cakrezvarI kI eka atyanta sundara mUrti ke UparI bhAga meM (bAyeM) sarasvatI kI bhI eka manojJa aura nayanAbhirAma mUrti Alikhita hai / " isI prakAra yahA~ ke mandira saMkhyA 11 aura 31 (de. citra 35 ) ke praveza dvAroM para bhI sarasvatI kI sundara mUrtiyA~ aMkita huI haiM / 1. de. - citra saM. 96 / 2. de. - citra saM. 95 / 3. de. - citra saM. 99 / mUrtikalA : 161

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(ba) lakSmI lakSmI', dhana-dhAnya Adi sarva-pradAtrI devI mAnI gayI hai / " prAcInakAla se hI isakI upAsanA aura mAnyatA pramukha deviyoM meM hotI AyI hai / kalA meM isakA aMkana bahuta prAcInakAla se prApta hotA hai / sA~cI, bharahuta, mathurA, kauzAmbI, bhAjA, basAr3ha (vaizAlI), amarAvatI, devagar3ha, besanagara, rAjaghATa, elorA prabhRti aneka prAcIna kalA - kendroM meM lakSmI ke manorama aMkana upalabdha hue haiN| videzoM meM bhI lakSmI se sambandhita mUrtiyoM tathA mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| isase niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sudUra pUrva taka isakI pUjA kA pracAra huA thA / 5 upaniSad, purANoM, sAhityika granthoM, 7 abhilekhoM aura mUrti-vijJAnasambandhI granthoM meM lakSmI ke mUrti nirmANa vidhAna kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA 1. isake vistRta aura prAmANika paricaya ke lie dekhie - DaoN. rAya govindacandra prAcIna bhArata meM lakSmI pratimA (vArANasI, 1964 I.), sampUrNa zodha-prabandha / 2. (a) bhoja : samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra, ma.ma. TI. gaNapati zAstrI sampAdita (bar3audA, 1924 I.), khaNDa eka, pa. 122, 8 / (ba) prAcIna bhArata meM lakSmI pratimA, pR. 37 tathA 114 / 3. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya sAhitya aura kalA meM lakSmI tripathagA ( navambara, 1955), pR. 25-26 1 4. videzoM meM vidyamAna lakSmI- mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ke vivaraNa ke lie dekhie - (a) DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla : lampasakasa se prApta bhArata lakSmI kI mUrti nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, vikramAMka (vaizAkha - mAgha, 2000 vikrama saM.) pR. 39-42 (ba) henarika jimmara : dI ArTa Apha iNDiyana eziyA (nyUyArka 1955), bhAga do, phalaka 564 vI (sa) bhikSu cimmanalAla jaba zivajI ne jApAna ko cIna ke hamale se bacAyA dharmayuga ( 12 pharavarI, 1961 I.), pR. 9 para mudrita lakSmI kI mUrti / 5. saubhAgyalakSmyupaniSad : IzAdyaSTottarazatopaniSad ( bambaI, 1925 I.), 1, 28-29 / 6. de. - DaoN. rAya govindacandra : purANoM meM lakSmI kA svarUpa : prAcIna bhArata meM lakSmI pratimA, pR. 33-57 / 7. de- (a) prAcIna bauddha tathA jaina sAhitya meM lakSmI kA svarUpa : vahI, pR. 29-32 / (va) prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM lakSmI kA svarUpa vahI, pR. 58-75 1 8. de. - (a) bhAratIya mudrAoM aura moharoM para tathA abhilekhoM meM lakSmI tathA zrI : vahI, pR. 76-781 ( ba ) bhAratIya abhilekhoM meM lakSmI : vahI, pR. 89-91 / 9. (1) bhoja : samarAMgaNasUtradhAra, khaNDa 1, pR. 47-2981 (2) pI. ke. AcArya : mAnasAra Ana ArkiTekcara eNDa skalpacara ( landana, 1932), parivAra vidhAna adhyAya 32-72 (pR. 197 ) tathA adhyAya 54, 19-31 (pR. 356-57 ) | ( 3 ) somezvara datta : mAnasollAsa (bar3audA, 1939 I.) prathama prakaraNa 77-971 (4) zrIkumAra: zilparanam : ke. sAmbaziva zAstrI sampAdita ( trivendrama 1929 I.), pR. 143-44 / (5) TI. e. gopInAtha rAva : elImeNTsa oNfa hindU AikonogrAphI, prathama khaNDa (madrAsa, 1914 I.), pR. 235-371 162 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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hai| kintu unameM vividhatA dikhAI par3atI hai| devagar3ha meM upalabdha lakSmI-mUrtiyA~ : lakSmI kI mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha meM kucha hI sthAnoM para prApta huI haiN| unameM se mandira saMkhyA 12 ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para (bAyeM) utkIrNa mUrti (citra saMkhyA 19) bahuta hI manorama aura mahattvapUrNa hai| isa prasannamukha devI kA Alekhana vezabhUSA, ratnAbharaNa Adi kI dRSTi se bhI atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai| caturbhujI devI ke Upara ke dAyeM hAtha meM sanAla kamala hai jabaki nIce kA varadamudrA meM hai| isakA bAyA~ UparI hAtha khaNDita hai aura nIcevAle meM sundara kamala hai| sundara vastroM ke atirikta isake pAyala, pA~vapoza, kaTibandha, cUr3iyA~, bhujabandha, candrahAra, ekAvalI, stanahAra, kaNThazrI, karNakuNDala aura ratnajaTita mukuTa darzanIya bana par3e haiN| varada mudrA meM sthita usake dAyeM hAtha se mAnoM bhakta AzAnvita ho uThate haiN| jaisA bhAva hAtha kI mudrA se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai vaisA hI bhAva mukha para bhI kalAkAra ne utpanna kiyA hai, aMga-lAvaNya bhI usI ke anurUpa pradarzita hai| (sa) navagraha navagrahoM kA aMkana bhAratIya kalA meM pracuratA se upalabdha hotA hai| devagar3ha 1. kabhI ise dvibhujI aura kabhI caturbhujI kahA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM isakI svatantra mUrtiyA~ nirmANa karane ke vidhAna haiM jabaki anyatra usakI mUrti, viSNu ke pArzva meM utkIrNa karane ke ullekha milate haiN| de.--pI.ke. AcArya : mAnasAra Ana ArkiTekcara eNDa skalpacara, pR. 356-57 / isake varNa, Asana tathA hastasthita-vastuoM ke sambandha meM bhI vibhinnatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| de.--matsya mahApurANam (pUnA, 1907 I.), adhyAya 260, padya 40-501 2. (a) jaina darzana meM isa nAma kI eka bhavanavAsI kumArI devI kA ullekha milatA hai-"tannivAsinyo devyaH zrIhIdhRtikIrtibuddhilakSmyaH palyopamasthitayaH ssaamaanik-prisstkaaH|" de.-A. umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, paM. pannAlAla (sAhityAcArya) sampAdita, sUrata, 2472 vIra ni.saM., adhyAya 3, sUtra 191 (ba) jayasena : pratiSThApATha meM bhI zrI Adi 10 deviyoM meM ise chaThaveM sthAna para ginAyA gayA hai| de.-vahI : (zolApura, 1925 I.), zloka saM. 742 / 3. de.-citra saM. 191 4. ma.saM. 12 ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para vAyeM tathA jaina dharmazAlA meM cakrezvarI (citra 99) ke Upara dAyeM aadi| 5. navagraha agralikhita haiM-ravi, soma, maMgala, budha, guru, zukra, zani, rAhu aura ketu / (1) inake lakSaNa aura mahattva Adi ke lie de.- (a) aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 547-48 1 (ba) pratiSThAsAroddhAra, a. 2, zloka 27-36 / (sa) Thakkura pheru : vAstusAra prakaraNa, pR. 172-74 / (da) di. jaina vratodyApanasaMgraha : phUlacandra sUracandra dozI sampAdita (IDara 1954), pR. 290-330 / (i) agaracandra nAhaTA : bhAratIya vAstu zAstra meM jaina pratimA sambandhI jJAtavya, anekAnta, varSa 20, ki. 5, pR. 314-15 / (2) inakI gati, mAna tathA muhUtaM Adi ke vistRta vivaraNa ke lie de.-aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 41-421 mUrtikalA :: 163

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meM inakA Alekhana mandiroM ke praveza-dvAroM para to huA hI hai, mUrtiphalakoM para bhI prApta hotA hai / ye kabhI khar3e aura kabhI baiThe' aMkita kiye gaye haiM / navagrahoM ko mUrtiphalakoM para, devagar3ha ke atirikta anya jaina kalA kendroM para kadAcit hI pAyA gayA hai| 5 mandiroM ke praveza-dvAroM aura toraNoM para inheM aMkita karane kI prathA madhyakAla meM bahuta pracalita thI / udayagiri kI amRta - guphA ( saMkhyA 9) tathA rahalI (sAgara) ke sUrya mandira ke atirikta serona, 7 bAnapura, bajaraMgagar3ha, " khajurAho " Adi ke jaina - mandiroM meM inheM sthAna diyA gayA hai| 8 (da) gaMgA-yamunA aura nAga - nAgI gaMgA-yamunA aura nAga- nAgI kA sthApatya se sambandha lagabhaga 300 I. se dvAra-stambhoM para prApta hotA hai / mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne gaMgA aura yamunA ke mUrtarUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai : " mUrte ca gaGgA-yamune tadAnIM samAcare daivamaseviSatAm / / " ataH spaSTa hai ki unake yuga meM gaMgA-yamunA ke mUrtyAMkana hone lage the / yadyapi paurANika dRSTi se gaMgA-yamunA ke sAtha nAga- nAgI kA koI sambandha nahIM hai, tathApi gaMgA-yamunA ke sAtha nAga-nAgiyoM kA sAmIpya bhI guptakAla se vizeSa rUpa se milane 1. de. - maM. saM. cAra, pA~ca (citra saM. 6), gyAraha, bAraha ( citra saM. 18-20 ), tIsa, ikatIsa (citra saM. 35) Adi / 2. de. - citra saM. 51, 63, 68 1 3. khar3e prAyaH dvAroM aura toraNoM para / 4. baiThe prAyaH mUrtiphalakoM para / 5. ( a ) mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM eka aisI mUrti (saM- bI. 75) pradarzita hai jisake pRSThabhAga meM kubera aura navagrahoM kA Alekhana huA hai| ( ba ) siMhapura ( jilA zahaDola, ma.pra.) ke eka jaina mandira ( nauvIM zatI) meM sthita mUrtiphalaka para bhI navagraha aMkita haiN| 6. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI sAgara thrU dI ejeja ( sAgara, 1935 ), phalaka 10, AkRti (a) / 7. de. - maM.saM. pA~ca ke praveza dvAra kA toraNa / 8. de. - sahasrakUTa jinAlaya ke pUrvI aura pazcimI dvAroM ke toraNa | 9. de. - bajaraMgagar3ha (gunA) ke jainamandira kA praveza-dvAra / 10. de. - pArzvanAtha mandira Adi / 11. kumArasambhava: kAlidAsa- granthAvalI, pANDeya tejarAma zAstrI sampAdita (kAzI, 1961 I.), sarga 7 padya 42 1 164 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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lagatA hai / ' guptakAla ke dvAra - stambhoM para gaMgA-yamunA kI mUrtiyA~ banAne kI prathA rUr3ha - sI ho gayI thI | 2 gaMgA-yamunA do dhArAoM meM bahatI huI udayagiri, eraNa prabhRti meM dikhAI gayI haiM aura anta meM unakA vilaya samudra meM huA hai / guptakAla meM yaha bhAvanA jAgrata huI thI ki antarvedi para jisakA adhikAra hogA, vahI 'ekarATra' ho sakatA hai| ataH gaMgA aura yamunA kI mUrtiyA~ vAstukalA meM rASTrIya cihna bana gayI thIM / guptakAlIna katipaya prAcIna mandiroM tathA udayagiri, sA~cI, tigavA~ Adi aura devagar3ha ke hI dazAvatAra mandira meM gaMgA-yamunA ke aMkana praveza dvAra ke siradala ke kinAroM yA dvArapakSoM ke UparI bhAga para hue haiM / devagar3ha ke dazAvatAra mandira aura jaina mandira saMkhyA 4, 5, 11, 12, 28 aura 31 meM unake atyanta mahattvapUrNa, anokhe aura prabhAvotpAdaka citraNa haiN| unake kezapAza aura mukhAkRtiyA~ bahuta sundara haiM / jaina sthApatya meM bhI ina pratIkAtmaka deviyoM kA samAveza prArambha se hI huA hai, jaisA ki hama devagar3ha, cA~dapura, dUdhaI, khajurAho, patiyAnadAI ( pataurA, satanA ), bhUmarA, nacanA, mar3haI, pAlI aura bAnapura Adi meM dekhate haiM / devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM gaMgA-yamunA ke aMkana - maM. saM. 4, 5 ( 2 bAra ), 9, 11 ( 2 bAra ), 15 ( 2 bAra ), 16, 18 (2 bAra ), 19, 20, 23, 24, 28, 31 tathA mar3hiyA saMkhyA 4 meM AkarSaka DhaMga se hue haiN| isI prakAra nAga aura nAgI ke aMkana yahA~ ke maM. saM. 12, 15, 18, 19 aura 31 meM prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3e haiM / nAga-nAgiyoM kA aMkana praveza dvAra kI pUrI paTTikAoM para bhI kahIM-kahIM milatA hai| 1 mathurA meM prAcIna kAla se hI nAga- nAgiyoM ke aMkana AkarSaka DhaMga se hue haiN| vahA~ inakI aneka mUrtiyA~ vibhinna rUpoM meM to milI hI haiM, braja meM inake svatantra mandira banAne kA bhI pracalana thA / (i) anya deva - deviyA~ yakSa-yakSiyoM, vidyA- deviyoM, sarasvatI, lakSmI, navagraha, gaMgA-yamunA aura nAga- nAgI kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta bhI devagar3ha meM deva - deviyoM kI hI kucha aisI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna 1. AnandakumAra kumArasvAmI : yakSAja : bhAga eka ( vAziMgaTana, 1928 I.) 2. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : ma.pra. kI kalA kA aitihAsika parizIlana : madhyapradeza sandeza (di. 26 janavarI, 1963 I.), pR. 16 1 3. de. - citra saM. 6, 18, 32, 35 aura 117 / 4. mathurA meM eka aisI dvAra - zAkhA prApta huI hai jisa para jhIla meM snAna karate hue nAga- nAgI Alikhita haiM / de. - pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI mathurA kalA meM nAga tripathagA (julAI, 1962 I.), pR. 65 se pUrva mudrita citra | 5. vahI, pR. 63-66 / mUrtikalA : 165

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haiM, jinheM hama dRSTi se ojhala nahIM kara sakate / tIrthaMkara ke donoM ora (1) ca~vara DulAte hue yakSendra aura unakI indrANiyA~, ( 2 ) tIrthaMkara kI vANI ko dundubhi pITa-pITakara tIna loka meM gu~jA denevAlA udghoSaka', (3) ucca zreNI ke deva - deviyoM kI, chAyA kI bhA~ti sAtha rahakara sevA Tahala karanevAle paricAraka-paricArikAe~, (4) stambhoM, gavAkSoM aura devakulikAoM Adi ke alaMkaraNa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karanevAle kIrtimukha, ( 5 ) bhavana kI chata kA vipula bhAra dhAraNa karanevAle zaktizAlI kIcaka, (6) anadhikAriyoM aura AtatAyiyoM ko mandira ke bhItara praveza kA niSedha karanevAle daNDadhArI dvArapAla aura ( 7 ) samagra tIrtha kSetra kI rakSA karanevAle kSetrapAla Adi kI mUrtiyA~ anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti devagar3ha meM bhI yathAsthAna prApta hotI haiM / isa prakAra, isa adhyAya meM devagar3ha meM mUrtikalA ke kramika vikAsa aura mukhya vizeSatAoM kA pradarzana karake tIrthaMkaroM tathA deva - deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / zeSa mUrtiyoM aura pratIkoM kA vizleSaNa tathA isa prakaraNa kA upasaMhAra agrima adhyAya meM kiyA jaaegaa| 1. (a) udghoSaka ke sAdhAraNataH do hAtha dikhAye jAte haiM, parantu yahA~ ke maM. saM. 28 ke zikhara para ( dakSiNa kI ora ) eka udghoSaka ke cAra hAtha bhI dikhAye gaye haiM / (ba) devagar3ha ke hI eka pratinidhi udghoSaka ke vivaraNa sahita citra ke lie dekhie - pro. sTelA kremariza : dI hindU Tempala jilda do, pR. 397 tathA phalaka 55 1 2. (a) devagar3ha meM isakI do mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, ( 1 ) maM.saM. eka ke pIche sthita mAnastambha para (de. - citra saM. 113) aura (2) maM.saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke stambha para / (ba) kSetrapAla kI mUrti ke zAstrIya lakSaNa ke lie dekhie ( 1 ) 'om namaH kSetrapAlAya kRSNagaurakAJcanadhUsarakapilavarNAya viMzatibhujadaNDAya barbarakezAya jaTAjUTamaNDitAya vAsukikRtajinopavItAya takSakakRtamekhalAya pretAsanAya kukkuravahanAya vilocanAya ca / ' (2) 'kSetrapAlaM kSetrAnurUpanAmAnaM zyAmavarNaM barbarakezamAvRttapiMganayanaM vikRtadaMSTraM pAdukAdhirUDhaM nagnaM kAmacAriNa SaDbhujaM mudgarapAzaDamarukAnvitadakSiNapANiM zvAnAMkuzageDikAyutavAmapANi zrImadbhagavato dakSiNapArzve IzAnAzritaM dakSiNAzAmukhameva pratiSThApyam / ' - DaoN. dvijendranAtha zukla : vAstuzAstra ( bhAga 2 ), AcAra dinakara se uddhRta, pR. 2751 166 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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5 mUrtikalA ( anya mUrtiyA~) 6. vidyAdharoM kI mUrtiyA~ vidyAdhara' ve manuSya hote the, jo sAdhanA yA tapasyA ke phalasvarUpa AkAzagAminI Adi vidyAe~ siddha kara lete the / ye, jaisA ki dharmakathAoM ke adhyayana se prakaTa hotA hai, atyanta rasika aura paryaTana- premI hote the| para jinendra-deva ke bhakta bhI ye bahuta hote the / devagar3ha meM unakA yahI rUpa aMkita kiyA gayA hai| unheM ur3Ana bharate hue tathA tIrthaMkara ke mastaka para ca~vara DulAte hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai / kabhI-kabhI ve apanI preyasiyoM ke sAtha yaha kArya karate the| usa samaya ve snehAsakta dRSTi se eka-dUsare ko nihArate bhI jAte the / kucha sthAnoM para unake hAthoM meM ca~vara na dekara mAlA dI gayI / " khajurAho kI bhA~ti apanI preyasiyoM ke sAtha ur3Ana bharate - bharate vibhinna AkRtiyoM aura ceSTAoM meM saMlagna vidyAdharoM kI lambI-lambI paMktiyA~ yahA~ cAhe na hoM, para toraNoM Adi para aMkita paMktiyoM meM vidyAdharoM kI sazakta ur3Ana kabhI bhaktivibhora aura kabhI snehAdhIna dRSTi tathA unake aMga-pratyaMga kI bhaMgimA nizcaya 1. pAyAra gouraTThala cariyAravaraNa virAjiyA tattha / vijjAharA tivijjA vasaMti chakkammasaMjuttA // - nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI : trilokasAra (bambaI, 1918 I.), gAthA 7091 5. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke toraNa para (di. - citra saM. 19-20) tathA maM.saM. 28 ke aMgazikhara para (de. - citra saM. 32 ) / 3. maM.saM. eka tathA citra saM. 62 / 4. maM.saM. do ke dasaveM phalaka para aura bhI de. - citra saM. 66, 67, 74 Adi / 5. jaina cahAradIvArI (maM.saM. 8 ke 60, 61 Adi / dAyeM) bhItara kI or| aura bhI de. - citra saM. 52, 53, 54, 57, mUrtikalA : 167

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hI AkarSaNa kI vastu hai| isase spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha kA kalAkAra vidyAdharoM ke aMkana ke prati Asakti nahIM, apitu abhiruci rakhatA thaa| 7. sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko mUrtarUpa dene kA vidhAna jaina pratimA-zAstroM meM nahIM miltaa| unakI 'caraNapAdukAoM' aura 'nisaI' (niSedhikA) ke nirmANa kA vidhAna avazya hai|' jaina granthoM meM prayukta nisidiyA, niSIdikA, nisIdhi, niziddhi, niSiddhi aura niSiddhige Adi zabda ukta eka hI abhiprAya ko vyakta karate haiN| isa vidhAna kA sarvaprathama apavAda tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke dvitIya putra bAhubalI kI mUrti-racanA meM hameM milatA hai| dvitIya apavAda bhI kadAcit unake agraja bharata kI mUrti-racanA meM prApta hotA hai| bharata aura bAhubalI kI yugala-mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha meM aneka sthAnoM para prApta gvAliyara meM ina donoM bhAiyoM kI jo yugala-mUrti hai, vaha sambhavataH saMsAra kI sabase bar3I yugala-mUrti hai| ye donoM bhAI usI zarIra se mukta ho gaye the| ukta apavAdAtmaka paramparA taba aura bhI adhika spaSTa ho jAtI hai, jaba hameM rAma-lakSmaNa, saptarSiyoM tathA kucha anya muniyoM, jo carama zarIrI the, kI bhI mUrtiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| aura phira devagar3ha ke kalAkAra ke samakSa to zAstrIya vidhAna se bar3hakara bhakti kA udreka thaa| usakI chainI jaba calatI thI taba bhakti kI athAha aura aTUTa gaMgA bahA detI thI, usakI rAha meM paramparAoM evaM zAstrIya vidhAnoM ke choTe-moTe parvata kyA krte| tabhI to vaha bharata-bAhubalI kI mahAn preraka mUrtiyA~ gar3hatA hai, AcArya mahArAja ko upadezarata dikhAtA hai, adhyApana meM saMlagna upAdhyAya parameSThI ko 1. dhyAtvA yathAsvaM gurvAdIn nyaset ttpaadukaayuge| niSedhikAyAM saMnyAsa-samAdhimaraNAdi ca // -paM. AzAdhara : prtisstthaasaaroddhaar| (bambaI, vikrama saM. 1974), padya 1.108 / 2. muni kAntisAgara : khaMDaharoM kA vaibhava, pR. 81 / 3. dekhie-ma. saM. do aadi| 4. (a) jinasena : mahApurANa (AdipurANa), cUMki pannAlAla sAhityAcArya sampAdita (kAzI, 1951 I.) bhAga do, 361 203 tathA 471 388 / / (ba) raviSeNa : padmapurANa, paM. pannAlAla jaina sampAdita (kAzI, 1958 I.), prathama bhAga, 4177 / 5. maM. saM. do, gyAraha, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya Adi meM surkssit| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 86, 87, 88, 891 6. maM. saM. eka, cAra, tathA maM. 12 ke sAmane ke avazeSa aura mAnastambha saM. 11 evaM dvitIya koTa kA prvesh-dvaar| aura bhI de.--citra saM. 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82 / 168 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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aMkita karatA hai' aura AtmasAdhanA meM tanmaya sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko bhI mUrtarUpa pradAna karatA hai| 2 kalAkAra kI isa adbhuta, apUrva bhakti bhAvanA ne devagar3ha ko, anya tIrthakSetroM kI apekSA kahIM adhika AkarSaNa pradAna kiyA hai / nissandeha sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI itanI adhika aura vividha mUrtiyA~ kisI bhI tIrthakSetra meM upalabdha nahIM huI haiM / (a) AcArya devagar3ha meM AcArya parameSThI ko prAyaH upadeza mudrA meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 1 unake samakSa sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ aura kabhI-kabhI zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ bhI baiThakara upadezAmRta kA pAna karatI thiiN| " caturvidha-saMgha ko unake samakSa bhaktipUrvaka baiThA dekhakara unake AcAryatva arthAt sanmArga para svayaM calate hue dUsaroM ko bhI calAne kI yogyatA para koI sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jJAna ke bhaNDAra upAdhyAya parameSThI ko jaba hama unakI vandanA karate hue dekhate haiM taba hamArI bhakti bhAvanA umar3a hI par3atI hai / (ba) upAdhyAya devagar3ha meM AcAryoM ke atirikta upAdhyAyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI darzanIya bana par3I 1. hAthI daravAjA, dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra, maM. saM. eka, cAra, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya Adi tathA citra saM. 75 aura 77 se 85 tk| 2. maM. saM. 10 ke vibhinna stambhoM para / de. - citra saM. 86 se 89 taka tathA 92, 941 3. ( a ) Acaranti yasmAd vratAni ityAcAryaH / yasmAt samyagjJAnAdiguNAdhArAdAhRtya vratAni svargApavargasukhAmRtabIjAni bhavyA hitArthamAcaranti sa AcAryaH / akalaMkadeva : tattvArtha vArtika (rAjavArtika) : paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya sampAdita (kAzI, 1957 I.), dvitIya bhAga, pR. 623 / (ba) 'daMsaNaNANa pahANe, vIriya cAritta varatavAyAre / appaM paraM cajaMjai, so Airiyo muNI jheo / ' nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI dravyasaMgraha (jabalapura, 2492 vIra ni. saMvat), gAthA 52 | (sa) 'paJcadhAcarantyAcAraM ziSyAnAcarayanti ca / sarvazAstravido dhIrAste'trAcAryAH prakIrtitAH // ' - muni AdisAgara : trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, ( vArAsivanI, 1959 I.), pR. 2241 4. de. - dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra, maM. saM. eka, cAra Adi tathA mAnastambha saM. 11 aura bhI de. - citra saM. 77 se 82 taka / 5. maM. saM. eka, cAra, dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra tathA vibhinna mAnastambha / aura bhI de. - citra saM. 77 se 82 taka / 6. (a) 'upetya yasmAdadhIyate ityupAdhyAyaH / vinayopetya yasmAd vratazIlabhAvanAdhiSThAnAdAgamaM zrutAkhyamadhIyate sa upAdhyAyaH / ' - akalaMkadeva : tattvArthavArtika ( rAjavArtika), dvi. bhAga., pR.623) mUrtikalA :: 169

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haiM / unake hAtha kA grantha unake upAdhyAya pada kA pratIka hai| ve kabhI svayaM par3hate dikhAI dete haiM, 2 kabhI do yA adhika milakara tattvacarcA karate hue dikhAye gaye haiM / " aura kabhI sAdhuoM tathA zrAvakoM ko dharmopadeza dete hue aMkita haiN| to kabhI pAThazAlAoM meM zikSA dete hue dRSTigata hote haiM / " unakI pAThazAlAoM meM vinayAvanata sAdhuoM se lekara bAlakoM kI TolI bhI upasthita hotI thI, parantu kabhI bhI ve udvigna hokara kruddha nahIM hote the| unake ina sabhI kriyAkalApoM se prakaTa hotA hai ki ve svAdhyAya nAmaka tapa ke pA~coM aMgoM kA bhalI-bhA~ti pAlana karate the| 7 (sa) sAdhu sAdhuoM ke aMkana devagar3ha meM bahuta haiM / sAdhuoM meM jinakI mUrti kA ullekha ( ba ) 'jo rayaNattayajutto, NiccaM dhammovaesaNe Nirado / so uvajhAo appA, jadivaravasaho Namo tassa // ' ( sa ) 'dizanti dvAdazAGgAdi zAstraM lAbhAdivarjitAH / svayaM zuddhavratopetA upAdhyAyAstu te matAH // ' - muni AdisAgara : trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, pR. 125 1 1. sAdhu jaina saMgrahAlaya, di. jaina caityAlaya, maM. saM. eka, cAra Adi tathA vibhinna mAnastambha aura hAthI daravAjA / aura bhI de. - citra saM. 83, 84, 85, tathA 77 se 82 taka / 2. dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra, maM. saM. eka, cAra tathA maM. saM. 12 ke sAmane par3e hue avazeSa / de. - citra saM. 79, 81 aura 82 / - nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 53 / 3. maM. saM. eka kA pRSThabhAga, cAra tathA maM. saM. 22 ke sAmane par3e hue avazeSa aura vibhinna mAnastambha / aura bhI de. - citra saM. 75, 82 4. maM. saM. eka, cAra tathA maM.saM. 12 ke sAmane par3e hue avazeSa, dvitIya koTa kA praveza dvAra evaM vibhinna mAnastambha / de. - citra saM. 77 se 82 taka / 5. de. - citra saM. 77 se 82 taka / 6. dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra, maM.saM. cAra tathA maM. saM. 12 ke sAmane par3e hue avshess| de. - citra saM. 79, 81 aura 82 'vAcanApRcchanAnuprekSAmnAyadharmopadezAH / ' 7. 8. - umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a. 9 sUtra 25 / (a) 'cirapravrajitaH sAdhuH / cirakAlabhAvitapravrajyAguNaH sAdhurityAmnAyate / ' - akalaMkadeva : tattvArthavArtika ( rAjavArtika), pR. 623 1 ( ba ) 'daMsaNaNANasamaggaM, maggaM mokkhassa jo hu cAritaM / sAdhayadi NiccasuddhaM, sAhU so muNI Namo tassa // ' - nemicandra si.ca. dravyasaMgraha, gAthA 54 / (sa) 'ye vyAkhyAnti na zAstraM na dadati dIkSAdikaM ca ziSyANAm / karmonmUlanazaktA dhyAnaratAste'tra sAdhavo jJeyAH // ' - muni AdisAgara : trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, pR. 225 1 170 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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sarvaprathama honA cAhie, ve haiM cakravartI bharata aura kAmadeva baahublii| bharata kI mUrti ke sAtha unakI cakravartitva kI sUcaka nau nidhiyA~ (nau ghar3oM ke rUpa meM) (de. citra saMkhyA 89) aMkita kI gayI haiN| yaha smaraNIya hai ki unakI mUrti jahA~ bhI milI hai, prAyaH dvimUrtikA ke rUpa meM hI hai| jinameM dUsarI unake anuja bAhubalI kI hotI hai|' isake viruddha bAhubalI kI mUrti svatantra rUpa se bhI, balki apekSAkRta adhika milI hai| ye kAmadeva ke avatAra mAne jAte haiN| bharata ne apanI digvijaya ke sandarbha meM jaba inapara bhI AkramaNa kara diyA taba vijetA hokara bhI ye saMnyAsI bana gye| aura phira inhoMne nirantara eka-varSa12 1. chaha khaNDa pRthvI ke svaamii| cakravartI se sambandhita anya jJAtavya bAtoM ke lie dekhie (a) trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, pR. 174-186 / (ba) bRhat jaina zabdArNava, dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 451 / 2. 'manuzcakrabhRtAmAdyaH SaTkhaNDabharatAdhipaH / rAjarAjo'dhirAT samrADityasyodghoSitaM yazaH // ' -jinasena : mahApurANa (AdipurANa), paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya sampAdita (kAzI, 1951 I.), bhAga do, 37-20 / 3. anupama saundarya sampanna mhaapuruss| inake nAmoM tathA anya vizeSatAoM ke lie draSTavya (a) muni AdisAgara; trikAlavI mahApuruSa, pR. 200-204 / (ba) bRhat jaina zabdArNava, dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 419 / 4. 'tatkAlakAmadevo'bhUda yuvA bAhubalI blii| rUpasampadamuttuGgAM dadhAno'sumatAM mtaan|' de.-jinasena : vahI, bhAga 1, pR. 16-9 / kAmadeva-bAhubalI ke saundarya varNana ke lie draSTavya-vahI, 16, 10-26 / 5. (a) 'kAlAkhyazca mahAkAlo naissalH paannddukaayaaH| padmamANava- pinggaabj-srvrtn-pdaadikaaH| -jinasena : ma. pa., 37-731 (ba) nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI : trilokasAra, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI sampAdita (bambaI, 1918 I.), gAthA 682 1 (sa) navanidhiyoM ke vistRta paricaya ke lie draSTavya-jinasena : mahApurANa (AdipurANa), 37, 73-82 / 6. sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM cakravartI bharata kI akelI mUrti bhI pradarzita hai| de.-citra saM. 89 / 7. maM. saM. do, de.-citra saM. 88 / 8. maM. saM. do, 11, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya Adi meM de.-citra saM. 86, 87 / 9. (a) mahApurANa (AdipurANa), bhAga do, 36-60 1 (ba) raviSeNa : padmapurANa, paM. pannAlAla jaina sampAdita (kAzI, 1958 I.). prathama bhAga, 4-68 | 10. (a) mahApurANa (AdipurANa), bhAga do, 36-60 / (ba) padmapurANa, prathama bhAga, 4-72 / 11. vahI, donoM, kramazaH 36-104 aura 4174-75 / 12. (a) 'guroranumate'dhItI dadhadekavihAritAm / pratimAyogamAvarSam Atasthe kila saMvRtaH // ' -de.-mahApurANa (AdipurANa), bhAga do, 36-106 1 (va) 'saMtyajya sa tato bhogAn bhUtvA nirvastrabhUSaNaH / varSa pratimayA tasthau meruvanniHprakampakaH // ' de.-padmapurANa, prathama bhAga, 4-75 / mUrtikalA :: 171

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paryanta meru parvata kI bhA~ti aDiga rahakara jo anupama tapasyA kI, usake mUlyAMkana meM dakSiNa' kA kalAkAra kitanA hI saphala rahA ho, para devagar3ha ke kalAkAra kI saphalatA para bhI sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha unake zarIra kA AliMgana karatI huI latAe~' to aMkita karatA hai, usapara reMgate hue sarpa, vRzcika aura chipakaliyA~" Adi bhI aMkita karatA hai| 1 1. sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita bAhubalI : bAhubalI kI eka mUrti yahA~ aisI bana par3I hai ki usakI samAnatA kadAcit kahIM na milegii| 7 bAhubalI ke donoM ora eka-eka strI (khar3I huI) unake zarIra para car3hI huI latAoM ko eka-eka karake dUra kara rahI haiN| " apane bhaktoM kI isa tanmayatA kA tanika bhI bhAna unheM nahIM hai / yaha dRzya dekhakara hameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya kI usa kathA kA smaraNa ho AtA hai, jisake anusAra apane pati mahArAja zreNika dvArA DAle gaye mRta sarpa ko eka tapasvI muni ke gale se mahArAnI celanA bar3I hI bhakti aura sAvadhAnI se alaga kara rahI hai / kandhoM taka A pahu~cI jaTAe~ aura sAdA bhAmaNDala isa mUrti kI anya vizeSatAe~ haiM / kalA kI sUkSmatA, mukhAkRti kI sajIva zAnti, zrIvatsa kI laghutA aura parikara kA abhAva ise " guptakAla ke bAda nirmita huI kRti siddha karate haiN| isa dRSTi se bAhubalI kI prAcIna mUrtiyoM meM eka ise bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA / 1. padmapurANa, prathama bhAga, 4-75 / 2. gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAcamalla (vi.saM. 1031-41 ) ke mantrI aura senApati cAmuNDarAya dvArA zravaNabelagola (maisUra) meM nirmApita gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI jagatprasiddha mUrti / 3. de. - sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, maM. saM. do aura 11 meM vidyamAna bAhubalI svAmI kI mUrtiyA~ / 4. de. - maM. saM. do evaM sAhUjaina saMgrahAlaya meM sthita bAhubalI - mUrtiyA~, tathA citra saMkhyA 86 aura 88 / 5. de. - maM. saM. 2, 11 tathA sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM sthita bAhubalI - mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 86, 87, - 88 1 6. sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita / 7. de. - citra saMkhyA 86 | / 8. elorA kI indrasabhA guphA (saMkhyA 33 ) meM bAhubalI kI eka aisI hI mUrti kA Alekhana huA hai usapara latAe~ car3hI haiM aura usake bhI donoM ora khar3I do striyA~ usakI latAoM ko eka-eka kara haTA rahI haiM (jabaki devagar3ha meM latAoM ke sAtha sarpa aura chipakalI bhI car3he haiM) Upara vidyAdhara- yugala mAlAe~ liye ur3a rahI haiN| elorA mUrti ke lie de. - henarica jimmara dI ArTa Afa iNDiyana eziyA, jilda eka tathA do (nyUyArka, 1955 I.), vivaraNa (jilda eka) pR. 297, aura phalaka (jilda do) 245 | : 9. DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina mahArANI celanI ( sUrata, 1967 I.), pR. 105-1221 10. de. - citra saMkhyA 86 | 172 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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2. maM. saM. 11 meM sthita bAhubalI : yahA~ bAhubalI kI aisI mUrti bhI upalabdha hai jisapara sarpa, bicchU Adi to reMgate hue aMkita haiM parantu latAoM kA Alekhana nahIM hai| 3. bharata-bAhubalI : inake atirikta bharata-bAhubalI kI do ullekhanIya dvimUrtikAe~' aura bhI darzanIya haiN| pahalI dvimUrtikA kisI bhitti ke kone kA aMga hai, kyoMki usake do ora mUrtiyA~ haiN| eka ora bAhabalI kI kAyotsarga marti hai, jisapara lipaTI huI latAe~, reMgate hue sarpa aura eka chipakalI aMkita hai, dUsarI ora cakravartI bharata kA aMkana hai, unake dAyeM unake vizeSa cihna nava-nidhiyA~ Adi aMkita haiN| dUsarI dvimUrtikA bhI kisI bhitti ke kone kA aMga hai aura usameM bhI isI prakAra ke aMkana haiN| 4. bharata : sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM cakravartI bharata kI navanidhi sahita eka manorama mUrti pradarzita hai| sAde prabhAmaNDala ke atirikta nau ghar3oM ke rUpa meM navanidhiyA~ pradarzita haiN| kezarAzi aura mukhamudrA atyanta sundara hai| 8. AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ke mUlUkana (a) AcArya-mUrtiyA~ ___1. maM. saM. eka ke pIche jar3I AcArya mUrti (chatradhArI zrAvaka sahita): AcArya parameSThI kI mUrtiyoM meM vaha sarvAdhika ullekhanIya hai jisameM, madhya meM eka hRSTa-puSTa AcArya' virAjamAna haiN| unake donoM ora eka-eka pustakadhArI upAdhyAya parameSThI baiThe haiM, jinake dAyeM hAtha khaNDita haiN| AcArya kI mudrA kiMcit kruddha pratIta hotI hai aura upAdhyAya bhI khinna yA AtaMkita lagate haiN| upAdhyAyoM dvArA kisI truTi ke ho jAne para AcArya ne kadAcit unheM prAyazcitta diyA hogaa| AcArya ke dAyeM aura upAdhyAya ke pIche eka aMjalibaddha sAdhu bAjU meM pIchI dabAye vinaya se jhukA hai, dUsarI ora eka chatradhArI zrAvaka khar3A hai| chatra kI char3I khaNDita ho gayI 1. maM. saM. 11 ke dUsare khaNDa ke garbhagRha meM sthita / isa para sarpo ko haTAte hue kucha bhakta bhI aMkita haiN| de.-citra saM. 871 2. maM. saM. do meM avasthita phalaka kra. pA~ca aura chaha para / 3. de.-citra saM. 881 1. de.-citra saM. 891 5. maM. saM. eka ke pRSThabhAga (pazcima) meM jar3I huii| (6-7. de.-citra saM. 771 mUrtikalA :: 173

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2. maM. saM. eka ke pIche jar3I AcArya mUrti : eka vizAla zilApaTTa para jisake donoM konoM para eka-eka kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti aMkita hai, madhya meM eka hRSTa-puSTa pustakadhArI AcArya baiThe haiM, unake donoM ora eka-eka upAdhyAya pustaka liye hue nidarzita haiM / upAdhyAyoM ke pIche khar3e hue eka-eka aMjalibaddha sAdhu AcArya ko namaskAra kara rahe haiM / upAdhyAyoM kA eka-eka hAtha vitarka mudrA meM hai jo hameM mahAtmA buddha kI dharma-pravartana mudrA kA smaraNa karAtI hai / 3. azoka vRkSa ke nIce AcArya kA aMkana : eka anya zilAphalaka para azoka vRkSa kA aMkana hai, usake nIce hRSTa-puSTa AcArya evaM unake donoM ora eka-eka upAdhyAya baiThe haiN| azoka vRkSa ke Upara madhya meM padmAsana pArzvanAtha tathA unake donoM ora tIna-tIna sAdhu kAyotsarga mudrA meM aMkita haiM / 4. AcArya kI virala mUrti (chatradhAriNI zrAvikA sahita) : maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa (pUrva) meM AcArya kI eka mahattvaparNa tathA virala mUrti jar3I huI hai / yadyapi isa padmAsana mUrti ke donoM hAtha khaNDita haiM tathApi dAyeM hAtha meM grantha spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| pAdapITha meM unakI pIchI kA suspaSTa aMkana huA hai| AcArya kI kezarAzi aisI ugI huI dikhAI par3atI hai jaisI ki kezaluMcana ke pazcAt ugatI hai I inake dAyeM tathA bAyeM do upAdhyAya padmAsana aura upadeza mudrA meM sthita haiM tathA apane hAtha meM grantha liye hue haiN| AcArya ke dAyeM (pArzva meM) eka zrAvaka kA aMkana hai / usakA dAyA~ hAtha khaNDita hai aura usake dAyeM kandhe para pIche kI ora eka jholI TaeNgI huI hai| isa zrAvaka ke donoM hAtha kalAiyoM se TUTa gaye haiM kintu unake zeSa bhAga kI sthiti se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha vinayapUrvaka hAtha jor3e hue thA / kadAcit vaha apane hAthoM meM ca~vara liye thA / usakA mastaka jhukA huA kintu khaNDita hai AcArya ke bAyeM ora upAdhyAya ke pIche evaM AcArya ke kamaNDalu ke pAsa eka zrAvikA AcArya ke Upara chatra lagAye hue khar3I hai / yaha chatra kiMcit khaNDita hokara bhI apanI kalAgata vizeSatA aura viralatA ke lie ullekhanIya hai / 1 isa AcArya mUrti ke pAdapITha meM AryikAe~ aura zrAvikAe~ vandanA karatI huI aMkita kI gayI haiN| AryikAoM kI bAjU meM pIchiyA~ dabI haiM tathA zrAvikAe~ nAriyala liye hue haiN| AcArya kI mukhamudrA atyanta prazAnta aura prabhAvotpAdaka hai / sampUrNa aMkana atyanta nayanAbhirAma hai| 1. de. - maM. saM. eka ke pRSTha bhAga meM jar3A huA / 2. de. - citra saM. 781 3. de. - maM. saM. eka ke pRSTha bhAga meM (dAyIM ora) jar3A huaa| 4. de. - citra saM. 80 1 174 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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5. kulapati ke rUpa meM AcArya : eka zilAphalaka', (1' 10" x 5' 3") aura bhI adhika ullekhanIya hai| isapara eka pAThazAlA kA anupama dRzya aMkita hai, jisake antargata eka AcArya apane vizAla parikara ke sAtha aMkita hue haiN| isa zilAphalaka meM do paMktiyA~ haiN| nIce kI paMkti meM sarvaprathama (bAyeM se dAyeM) cAra kamaNDalu rakhe hue dikhAye gaye haiM, jinake adhikArI sAdhu Upara kI paMkti meM adhyayanarata haiN| tatpazcAt eka stambha ke antara se cAra AryikAe~ aura zrAvikA hAtha jor3e hue vinaya se jhukI khar3I haiN| AryikAoM ke sAmane unake kamaNDalu rakhe haiM tathA bAjU meM pIchiyA~ dabI haiN| zrAvikA ke hAtha meM kamalapuSpa-jaisI koI vastu hai| phira do stambhoM ke madhya eka TUTadAra meja rakhI hai jisake donoM ora eka-eka kamaNDalu rakhA hai| inameM se eka kamaNDalu ke adhikArI sAdhu to Upara kI paMkti meM baiThe vitarka kara rahe haiM parantu dUsare ke adhikArI anupasthita haiN| isake pazcAt punaH pUrva kI bhA~ti eka zrAvikA hAtha meM nAriyala-jaisA kucha liye hue evaM cAra AryikAe~ pUrvavat kintu kucha adhika jhukI huI aMkita haiN| ina sabhI zrAvikAoM tathA AryikAoM ke zArIrika evaM bhAvAtmaka aMkana meM kalAkAra atyanta saphala huA hai| 'caturviMzati paTToM' kA aMkana karanevAle kucha kalAkAroM kI bhA~ti usane pramAda yA akuzalatA kA paricaya nahIM diyA hai| AryikAoM ke anantara eka stambha ke antara se punaH cAra kamaNDalu rakhe haiM, jinake adhikArI sAdhu Upara kI paMkti meM adhyayanarata haiN| Upara kI paMkti meM aMkita sabhI AkRtiyoM ke mastaka tathA kucha ke hAtha khaNDita haiN| madhya meM eka hRSTa-puSTa AcArya bAyeM hAtha meM pustaka liye hue baiThe haiM tathA dAyeM hAtha kI sAmane khulI huI hathelI (varada mudrA meM) unakI jA~gha para rakhI hai| unake dAyeM pustakadhArI upAdhyAya baiThe haiM jinakA dAyA~ hAtha vitarka mudrA meM hai| inakA AcArya kI ora kiMcit mur3akara baiThanA aura unakI AkRti kA AcArya kI AkRti se apekSAkRta choTI honA, inake vinayazIla hone kI sUcanA detA hai| inake dAyeM cAra sAdhu inhIM kI ora mukha kiye hue aura vAyeM hAtha meM pustaka liye baiThe haiN| unake pIche unakI pIchiyA~ TikI huI dikhatI haiN| ina cAroM ke dAyeM hAtha khaNDita haiN| AcArya kI bAyIM ora bhI ThIka yahI dRzya aMkita hai, parantu usameM do upAdhyAyoM kI pIchiyA~ adRzya haiM, jo eka samasyA hai| 6. pAThazAlAoM ke anya aMkana : pAThazAlAoM ke aura bhI aMkana yahA~ 1. maM. saM. 4 ke bhItara uttarI bhitti meM jar3A huaa| 2. de.-citra saM. 791 3. devagar3ha ke anya pAThazAlA dRzyoM ke lie dekhie--dvitIya koTa ke praveza-dvAra kA siradala, maM.saM. eka, cAra, tathA stambha 3, 11 Adi / mUrtikalA :: 175

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tathA mathurA, ajantA, gAndhAra, bhuvanezvara, khajurAho Adi meM bhI pAye gaye haiM, parantu itanI sUkSmatA, vividhatA aura vistAra kahIM nahIM hai / pAThazAlA ke isa prakAra ke dRzyoM ko aMkita karane kI preraNA khajurAho ke kalAkAra ne niHsandeha devagar3ha ke kalAkAra prApta kI thI / ( ba ) upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha meM upAdhyAya parameSThI kA aMkana AcAryoM ke sAnnidhya meM tathA vibhinna pAThazAlA dRzyoM meM to huA hI hai, svatantra rUpa se bhI unakI aneka mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa yahA~ huA hai| unameM se kucha kA vivaraNa prastuta hai / 1 1. padmAsanastha upAdhyAya mUrti : upAdhyAya parameSThI kI eka sundara mUrti' samprati sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / 2 1 phuTa 11 iMca U~ce tathA 1 phuTa 7 iMca caur3e zilAphalaka para 1 phuTa 2 iMca U~ce aura 11 iMca caur3e upAdhyAya parameSThI padmAsana meM aMkita haiN| unake bAyeM hAtha meM grantha hai jabaki dAyA~ vitarka mudrA meM hai yaha dekhakara dharmapravartana mudrA kA smaraNa sahaja hI ho AtA hai| inake dAyeM eka bAlaka hAtha jor3e hue vinaya-bhAva pradarzita kara rahA hai| upAdhyAya kI mukhamudrA prasanna, zAnta aura prabhAvotpAdaka hai / inake pRSThabhAga meM patrAvali kA sundara alaMkaraNa hai| isakA nirmANakAla nauvIM dasavIM zatAbdI pratIta hotA hai| isa mUrtiphalaka meM sabase Upara laghu AkAra meM pA~ca tIrthaMkara (do kAyo. + eka padmA. + do kAyo ) bhI aMkita hue haiN| 2. abhilikhita upAdhyAya mUrti : zilpacAturya, bhAvabhaMgimA, kalApriyatA Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se atyanta mahattvapUrNa upAdhyAya parameSThI kI eka sarvAMga- sundara mUrti yahA~ aura bhI prApta huI hai| upAdhyAya eka U~cI caukI para utthita padmAsana meM baiThe haiM / usa caukI se jur3I huI eka choTI caukI para unakA dAyA~ caraNa tathA bAyeM caraNa kI a~guliyA~ rakhI haiN| inakA dAyA~ hAtha upadezamudrA meM vakSa taka Upara uThA hai tathA bAyA~ jaMghA para rakhA hai| usakI khulI hathelI para grantha rakhA hai, jise 1. de. - citra saM. 84 / 2. ise parvata ke jaina smArakoM meM se yahA~ lAkara pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| 3. de. - citra saM. 83 1 4. samprati devagar3ha grAma meM digambara jaina caityAlaya meM surakSita / 5. kaniMghama, phuharara, sAhanI Adi purAtattva anveSakoM ko yaha mUrti upalabdha nahIM ho sakI thii| kyoMki maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke TUTe hue veMr3e ( sahatIra) ko surakSA kI dRSTi se samhAlane hetu ukta vidvAnoM ke paryaTana ke pUrva hI loka nirmANa vibhAga dvArA eka dIvAra kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thaa| usa dIvAra meM eka mUrti bhI patthara ke rUpa meM samAviSTa kara dI gayI thii| abhI kucha varSa pUrva zrI paramAnanda barayA ne bar3I sAvadhAnI ke sAtha usa dIvAra ko haTAyA thA, dIvAra kI sAmagrI meM yaha mahattvapUrNa mUrti bhI prApta huI / 176 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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tarjanI dabAye hue hai| mukhamudrA zAnta, saumya aura gambhIra bana par3I hai| unake dAyeM pArzva meM pIchI aura kamaNDalu dikhAye gaye haiN| caukI ke samatala para donoM ora eka-eka zrAvikA hAtha jor3e hae baiThI haiN| caukI ke nIce saMkhyA 1333 kA pA~ca paMktiyoM meM eka abhilekha utkIrNa hai, jisameM nandisaMghIya balAtkAra gaNa ke AcArya kanakacandra deva, unake ziSya lakSmIcandra deva aura unake bhI ziSya hemacandra deva tathA kucha anya nAma abhilikhita haiN|' isa mUrti kI U~cAI 2 phuTa 1/2 iMca tathA caur3AI | phuTa 6 iMca hai| 3. tIrthaMkara ke parikara meM upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ : upAdhyAya kI do mUrtiyA~ eka zilAphalaka para eka tIrthaMkara mUrti ke parikara ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kI gayI haiN| donoM upAdhyAyoM ke bIca eka TUTadAra meja rakhI hai| dAyIM ora ke upAdhyAya jI kA dAyA~ hAtha Upara ko uThA hai, ve dUsare upAdhyAya se yA to kucha mA~ga rahe haiM yA unheM kucha samajhA rahe haiN| dUsare upAdhyAya ke bAyeM hAtha meM pustaka hai jabaki dAyA~ hAtha khaNDita hai| 4. toraNa para adhyApanarata upAdhyAya : eka toraNa eka hI sAtha chaha adhyApanarata upAdhyAyoM ko prastuta karatA hai| yaha toraNa dvitIya koTa ke praveza-dvAra para saMyojita kiyA gayA hai, jo parakoTe ke nikaTa hI nadI kI ora se lAyA gayA thaa| isake sAmane kI ora madhya meM tIrthaMkara kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai| isa mUrti ke donoM pAryoM meM eka-eka AkRti usakI upAsanA meM magna dikhAI gayI hai| usakI bAyIM ora pAThazAlA kA eka manojJa dRzya aMkita hai| upAdhyAya parameSThI apane bAyeM hAtha meM pIchI liye haiM tathA dAyA~ varadamudrA meM kiye AsIna haiN| inakI dAyIM ora pA~ca muni aMjalibaddha dikhAye gaye haiM, jo kadAcit apane upAdhyAya se agrima pATha hetu abhyarthanA kara rahe haiN| upAdhyAya kI bAyIM ora hAtha jor3e hue do anya muniyoM kA aMkana hai jo eka anya upAdhyAya kI ora unmukha haiN| dUsare upAdhyAya kI ThIka bAyIM ora bhI unhIM kI ora mukha kiye eka muni pradarzita haiN| ina muni ke bAda eka tIsare upAdhyAya kA aMkana hai, jinakI bAyIM ora eka aMjalibaddha sAdhu aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara mUrti kI vAyIM ora bhI uparyukta dRzyAvali hI kucha vizeSatAoM ke sAtha punaH prastuta kI gayI hai| 5. anya upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ : ukta toraNa (citra saMkhyA 81) kI bhA~ti eka 1. sampUrNa abhilekha ke lie dekhie--pari. do, abhi.kra. tIna / 2. paM. gaM. cAra ke garbhagRha meM pazcimI bhitti meM jar3A huaa| 3. . --nija saM. / 1. da. -citra sN...|| mUrtikalA :: 177

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anya dvAra toraNa, maM. saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke sAmane rakhA huA hai, jisameM madhyavartI padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti ke dAyeM apane AcArya se do upAdhyAya adhyayana kara rahe athavA apanI zaMkAoM kA nirAkaraNa karA rahe haiN| isake pazcAt eka anya AcArya apane bhakta ko sambodhita kara rahe haiN| madhyavartI tIrthaMkara mUrti kI vAyIM ora eka muni apane upAdhyAya se adhyayana meM pravRtta dikhAye gaye haiM aura isake anantara eka muni apane vinamra bhaktoM ko zAstra zravaNa karA rahe haiN| isa toraNa kI TUTadAra mejeM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya kahI jA sakatI haiN| anya ullekhanIya upAdhyAya mUrtiyA~ maM. saM. eka ke dakSiNa meM dhvasta adhiSThAna para, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM tathA stambha saMkhyA do (dakSiNa ora), cAra' Adi para dekhI jA sakatI haiN| (sa) sAdhu-mUrtiyA~ uparivarNita AcArya-upAdhyAya-mUrtiyoM ke atirikta devagar3ha meM sAdhuoM kI aneka svatantra mUrtiyA~ bhI prApta huI haiN| ___1. sAdhu dvArA AhAra grahaNa : ma. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha aura pradakSiNA patha ke praveza-dvAroM ke dAyeM pakSoM para eka muni kA aMkana isa prakAra huA hai : muni khar3e haiN| bhakta unake caraNoM kA prakSAlana kara rahA hai aura usakI patnI kalaza liye khar3I hai| yaha AhAra-dAna kA dRzya hai| ise dekhakara bha. RSabhanAtha ko prathama pAraNA dete hue rAjakumAra zreyAMsa tathA unake bar3e bhAI rAjA somaprabha evaM bhAbhI rAnI lakSmImatI kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| 2. sambodhana : ma. saM. 23 ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para eka muni kA aMkana kadAcit vihAra kI sthiti meM huA hai, kintu mArga meM kisI bhakta zrAvikA ke dvArA vinaya pradarzita karane para use sambodhita kara rahe haiN| muni apane bAyeM hAtha meM (TiMhunI ke pAsa) kamaNDalu laTakAye haiM, pIchI kandhe para rakhe haiM tathA dAyeM hAtha ko upadeza-mudrA meM kiye sambodhita kara rahe haiN| unake sAmane eka zrAvikA savinaya namana karatI huI aMkita hai| 1. de.-citra saM. 82 / 2: de.-citra saM. 851 3-4. de.-citra saM. 43 / 5. de.-citra saM. 22 aura 23 / 6. A. jinasena : mahApurANa (AdipurANa), jilda eka, parva 20, zloka 100 tathA 126 / 7. isI prakAra kA eka aMkana maM. saM. aThAraha ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para bhI dekhA jA sakatA 178 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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3. zUkara ko sambodhana : maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para eka muni zUkara ko sambodhita karate hue aMkita haiN|' isa aMkana meM sambodhita prANI kI zarIrAkRti mAnavAkAra hai| jabaki mukhAkRti shuukr-jaisii|| 4. sAdhuvihAra : devagar3ha meM muni-vihAra se sambandhita aneka aMkana prApta hote haiN| maM. saM. 12 ke sAmane par3e hue avazeSoM meM eka dvArapakSa para muni-vihAra kA sundara nidarzana huA hai| koI bhakta unakA anugamana kara rahA hai aura unake sAmane eka dUsarA bhakta caraNavandanA karatA huA dikhAyA gayA hai| 5. nizcala yogirAja : maM. saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke stambhoM para tapasyArata muni kA aMkana atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai| do koSThakoM meM muni ke donoM ora khar3I huI striyA~ unheM apanI ora AkRSTa karane kA prayatna kara rahI haiM kintu yogirAja apanI sAdhanA meM hI lIna haiN| ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye striyA~ nizcala yogirAja ko rijhAne kA niSphala prayatna kara rahI haiN| 6. saMvAhana karAte hue muni : maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para do koSThakoM meM eka-eka sAdhu leTe hue aMkita kiye gaye haiN| unake pIchI-kamaNDalu dUra par3e haiM aura eka-eka strI unake dAyeM pairoM ko Upara uThAkara saMvAhana kara rahI isI dvAra para isI prakAra kA eka aMkana aura bhI huA hai kintu usameM muni kA saMvAhana koI bhakta puruSa kara rahA hai| (da) ailaka devagar3ha kI jaina mUrti kalA meM ailaka kA bhI aMkana huA hai| yahA~ ke maM. saM. 15 ke mahAmaNDapa meM ailaka kI eka vizAla mUrti avasthita hai| mUrti meM mAtra kopIna aura kaTisUtra spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| mukhamudrA prazAnta, nirvikAra aura saMsAra se virakta aMkita hai| 1. de.-citra saM. 22 / 2. de.-citra saM. 901 3. de.--citra saM. 161 4. de.-citra saM. 91 aura 116 / 5. 'kopInamAtravasano karatala-bhojI sthitvAsane'zanavidhAnaparaH prakAmam // svarmokSamArga-nirato virato'nyakAryAt syAdailako nijarataH pratimAprayogI // ' ---A. kunthusAgara : zrAvaka dharma pradIpa, paM. jaganmohana lAla si. zA. sampA. (banArasa, 2481 vI. ni.), padya 21aura usakI vyaakhyaa| mUrtikalA :: 179

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(i) sAdhvI mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM sAdhviyoM ke aMkana aneka rUpoM meM hue haiN| kabhI ve pAThazAlAoM meM upasthita dikhAI gayI haiM, kabhI pravacana karatI huI aMkita kI gayI haiM to kabhI Atmacintana meM lIna Alikhita haiN|| 1. pratikramaNa karAtI huI AryikA : maM. saM. dasa ke madhyavartI tIna stambhoM meM se dakSiNI stambha ke pUrvI koSThaka meM AryikA' kA ullekhanIya aMkana huA hai|' eka koSThaka meM AryikA khar3I haiN| dAyeM unakA kamaNDalu rakhA hai aura pIchI ulaTI TaeNgI hai| unake bAyeM eka strI kone meM dIvAra se TikI huI ukaDUM baiThI hai| usane kuhaniyA~ ghuTanoM para rakha chor3I haiN| hAthoM ke Upara kA bhAga khaNDita ho gayA hai, jinameM kadAcit pIchI rahI hogI aura ve aMjalibaddha bhI rahe hoNge| AryikA ke bAyeM rakhA huA choTA kamaNDalu kadAcit isI strI kA hogaa| isa dRSTi se yaha strI kSullikA yA AryikA hI ho sakatI hai, zrAvikA nhiiN| pratIta hotA hai ki variSTha AryikA apane adhIna kaniSTha AryikA yA kSullikA ko pratikramaNa karA rahI hai| isI mandira ke madhya ke stambha meM bhI nIce dhyAnarata AryikA kA eka aura aMkana hai| 2. pravacana karatI huI AryikA : yahA~ ke stambha saMkhyA / / para dakSiNI ora eka viduSI AryikA sAdhviyoM tathA zrAvikAoM ko sambodhita kara pravacana kara rahI haiN| unake donoM ora eka-eka AryikA tathA do-do zrAvikAe~ baiThI haiN| 3. AryikA-saMgha : yahA~ ke stambha saMkhyA tIna para dakSiNI tathA pazcimI koSThakoM meM AryikA-saMgha kA aMkana huA hai| dakSiNI koSThaka meM chaha AryikAe~ apanI pIchI-kamaNDalu sahita vinayAvanata mudrA meM Alikhita haiM, jabaki pazcimI koSThaka meM kramazaH eka sAdhu ke pazcAt eka AryikA, isa prakAra kula tIna sAdhu aura tIna AryikAe~ aMkita haiN| isa koSThaka ke sabhI sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ apanI pIchiyA~ to bagala meM dabAye haiM kintu una sabhI ke kamaNDalu adRzya haiN| uparyukta vivecana aura mUryaMkanoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha kI sAdhu-sAdhvI saMsthA atyanta kartavyaparAyaNa aura sAvadhAna thii| samAja aura saMgha ko satpatha para banAye rakhane hetu prAyaH ve sabhI prayatnazIla rahate the| bahuta kama sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ utsUtra-pravRtti kI ora unmukha the| 1. gyAraha pratimA ke vrata pAlanevAlI tathA ailaka ke samA- AcaraNa karanevAlI mhilaa| ise sapheda sAr3I, pIlI, kamaNDala tathA zAstra kA hI parigraha rakhanA cAkSiA aura vaiThakara hAtha meM bhojana karanA caahie| aura bhI de. vR. jai. zabdA., pR. 31 1. - cika saMkhyA hai| 18) :: unagar3ha kI jana kalA : eka sAMskRtika vana

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9. zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI mUrtiyoM kA vidhAna bhI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI hI bhA~ti jaina mUrti - zAstra meM dRSTigata nahIM hotA / isa vidhAna kA ullaMghana, jahA~ taka sAdhuoM kA prazna hai, bharata aura bAhubalI kI mUrtiyA~ banAkara kiyA gyaa| parantu jahA~ taka zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA prazna hai, kahA nahIM jA sakatA ki kaba aura kisa rUpa meM isa vidhAna kA ullaMghana kiyA gyaa| mathurA meM zaka - kAla kI jo mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, unameM eka zrAvikA' kI bhI hai| isa dRSTi se ukta ullaMghana kA sUtrapAta zaka- kAla meM huA pratIta hotA hai / kadAcit isI samaya se dAnadAtAoM aura dAnadAtriyoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhI banane lagIM / tIrthaMkara kI pUjA - bhakti karate hue zrAvaka - yugala bhI isake pazcAt aMkita kiye jAne lage / phira to zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke dainika jIvana kI vibhinna jhA~kiyA~ bhI prastuta kI jAne lagIM / candeloM tathA kacchapaghAtoM kA samaya Ane taka ye jhA~kiyA~ dhArmika kSetra se dUra ho gayIM aura unakA sAmAjika mahattva bhI kama raha gayA / devagar3ha meM prApta zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM dhArmika tattva hI adhikatara haiM / do-eka sthAnoM para hI aise aMkana milate haiM jinheM candelakAlIna dharmabAhya aMkanoM kA pUrvarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / devagar3ha kI ullekhanIya zrAvaka-zrAvikA - mUrtiyA~ 1. tIrthaMkara kI mAtA : devagar3ha meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya mUrti tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kI hai| 2 isakI lambAI 3 phuTa 9/21/2 iMca aura U~cAI bAyeM kone para 2 phuTa 1 iMca tathA dAyeM kone para 1 phuTa 9 iMca hai| Asana para kramazaH hAthI, siMha, siMha, hAthI aura bAlakadhAriNI devI aMkita haiM / inake pArzva meM khar3I eka devI tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ko ca~vara DulA rahI hai| mAtA dAyIM karavaTa leTI haiN| unakI dAyIM kohanI zayyA para TikI hai aura uThI huI hathelI para zira thamA hai / bAyA~ paira dAyeM ke pIche, ghuTane se lagabhaga 120deg kA koNa banAtA huA zayyA para rakhA hai| bAyeM ghuTane para rakhA bAyA~ hAtha vizrAma le rahA hai| usa para se laharAtA huA 1. (a) vI. e. smitha jaina stUpa eNDa adara eNTikviTIz2a oNfa mathurA ( ilAhAbAda, 1901), pR. 21 tathA phalaka 14 / (ba) vAsudevazaraNa agravAla gAiDa Tu lakhanaU myujiyama, pR. 14 tathA AkRti eka / 2. de. - citra saM. 93 | yaha mUrti phalaka maM. saM. cAra ke garbhagRha kI bAyIM bhitti meM jar3A huA hai / 3. zrI dayArAma sAhanI ne galatI se ise 3 phuTa sAr3he ATha iMca nApA thA / de. - e. pI. Ara. - 1918, pari. 'a', abhi. kra. 29, pR. 141 mUrtikalA : 181

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uttarIya kamara kA sparza kara rahA hai| dAyA~ paira sIdhA aura Upara ko uThA huA hai jise pAsa meM baiThI huI eka devI apane bAyeM hAtha se sa~bhAle hai tathA dAyeM se usakA saMvAhana kara rahI hai| mAtA kA mukuTa, karNAbharaNa, mohanamAlA, ThusI, keyUra, kaMkaNa, mekhalA aura pAyala atyanta sUkSmatA se aMkita haiN| phalaka para phaNAmaNDita pArzvanAtha sahita caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI prastuti hai| isa prakAra yaha pASANa khaNDa caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA pratinidhitva to karatA hI hai, unakI mAtAoM kA saMyukta pratinidhitva bhI pUrNa saphalatA se karatA hai| mAtA ke mukhamaNDala para jahA~ eka ora snigdha pavitratA aura saundarya kI rekhAe~ ubhara uThI haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora tIrthaMkara kI mAtA hone-jaise mahAn gaurava kI bhAvanA bhI hiloreM le rahI hai| zayyA ke nIce eka paMkti kA abhilekha utkIrNa hai| usameM isa mUrti ke samarpaNakartA kA nAma aura nirmANakAla saMvat 1030 (I. san 973) kA ullekha hai| 2. tIrthaMkara-mAtA kA eka anya mUryaMkana : devagar3ha meM tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kA aMkana aura bhI eka sthAna para huA hai| sabase nIce do siMhAkRtiyA~ aMkita haiN| unake Upara sthita zayyA para mAtA upadhAna para mastaka rakhe dAyeM karavaTa se leTI haiN| unake donoM ora khar3I eka-eka devI ca~vara DulA rahI hai| mAtA ke pIche kalpavRkSa kA aMkana hai| isa para vidyamAna Asana para tIrthaMkara kI eka padmAsana mUrti aura usake donoM ora eka-eka ca~varadhArI yakSa aMkita haiN| tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kA mUla~kana sarvaprathama kadAcit zaka-kAla meM huaa| mathurA meM prApta hue zilAphalaka' ke madhya meM tIrthaMkara kI mAtA khar3I haiN| unakI vezabhUSA prabhAvotpAdaka hai| dAyA~ hAtha aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno abhayamudrA meM ho| bAyA~ hAtha kamara para rakhA hai, jisase kuhanI Age ko nikala AyI hai| mAtA ke dAyeM khar3A eka paricAraka unake mastaka para chatra dhAraNa kiye hai| vahIM eka paricArikA hAtha meM mAlA liye khar3I hai| paricAraka aura mAtA ke bIca eka bAlaka yA bAlikA hAtha jor3e khar3I hai| mAtA ke bAyeM eka strI khar3I huI hai tathA vaha ca~vara DulA rahI hai| ___osiyA (jodhapura, rAjasthAna) ke mahAvIra mandira kI cahAradIvArI meM eka dilahA (Tikar3A) sthita hai| isameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM kA aMkana huA hai, 1. ThusI eka prakAra kA galahAra hai| yaha AbhUSaNa bundelakhaNDa meM bahuta pracalita rahA hai| ThusI kA tatsama rUpa 'kaNThazrI' hai| bhASA vijJAna kI prakRti ke anusAra 'kaNTa thI' se 'ThusI' zeSa rahanA sambhava hai| mathurA kI mUrtiyA~ bhI isa prakAra ke AbhUSaNa pahane haiN| de.-mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI yakSI-mUrti kra. je. do| 2. zrI dayArAma sAhanI ne ise bhramavaza saMvat 1803 par3hA thaa| de.-vhii| 3. maM. saM. 30 ke garbhagRha meM sthita 1 phuTa 9 iMca U~ce aura 1 phuTa, 4 iMca caur3e zilAphalaka pr| 4. isake vizeSa paricaya tathA samaya nirdhAraNa Adi ke lie dekhie--DaoN. u.pre. zAha : sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa, pR. 10-11 aura 78-79 tathA phalaka pA~ca, AkRti 14 (a)| 182 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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jinakI goda meM eka-eka bAlaka hai| isa prakAra ke dilahoM ko utkIrNa karane kI paddhati madhyakAla meM pracalita rahI aise nidarzana pATana, giranAra, AbU Adi meM prApta hote haiM, parantu osiyA kA dilahA abataka upalabdha aise diloM meM prAcInatama hai / 2 isa prakAra hamane yaha dekhA ki tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kA aMkana kadAcit zaka- kAla (I. pU. prathama zatI) se prArambha huA / ukta donoM udAharaNoM meM mAtA khar3I dikhAI gayI hai, jabaki devagar3ha ke ukta donoM udAharaNoM meM use eka viziSTa mudrA meM leTI huI aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kalAkAra ko yaha anokhI sUjha kahA~ se prApta huI, yaha vicAraNIya hai / amarAvatI ke stUpa meM saMgamaramara kA eka utkIrNa phalaka (5 phuTa 2 iMca x 3 phuTa 2 iMca) milA hai| lagabhaga prathama zatI ke isa phalaka para mAyAdevI kA svapna aura buddha kA janma aMkita kiyA gayA hai / buddha kI mAtA kA isI prakAra kA eka prastarAMkana (I. prathama zatI) bharahuta meM bhI huA, jo aba kalakattA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| devagar3ha ke hI dazAvatAra mandira meM anantazAyI viSNu kA prabhAvotpAdaka aMkana huA hai| udayagiri (vidizA ) kI chaThavIM guphA meM anantazAyI viSNu kI vizAla AkRti utkIrNa hai| priMsa Ava velsa myujiyama, bambaI meM aihola se prApta eka mUrti zeSazAyI viSNu kI bhI pradarzita hai|" eraNa meM zeSazAyI viSNu (I. sAtavIM zatI) kI AkarSaka mUrti prApta hai / vidizA meM bhI inakI aneka mUrtiyA~ upalabdha haiM / ina tathA aise hI anya mUrtyaMkanoM ke rahate hue jaina bhakta kI yaha svAbhAvika icchA rahI hogI ki usake dharma - sthAnoM para bhI aise hI bhavya aura preraka mUrtyAMkana upalabdha hoM / 1. vistRta varNana ke lie dekhie DaoN. u.pre. zAha : jarnala Afa dI iNDiyana sosAyaTI Afa oriyaNTala ArTa, bhAga 9, pR. 48 1 2. DaoN. u. pre. zAha : sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa, pR. 181 3. (a) harmana gaTja ArTa Afa dI varlDa (iNDiyA), (bambaI, 1959), pR. 58 (ba) lArosI : enasAiklopIDiyA Afa mithAlojI eDITeDa ina phreMca bAI pheliksa jIraNDa eNDa TrAnsaleTiDa ina iMgliza bAI ricarDa elaDiMgTana eNDa DelAno emsa ( landana, 1959), pR. 363 / (sa) Ara. sI. majUmadAra dI ez2a Afa impIriyala - yUniTI (bambaI, 1953 ), phalaka 16, AkRti 34 | 4. dakSiNI bahirbhitti kI devakulikA meM 4 fI. 11 iMca x 3 fI. 10 iMca ke AkAra meM aMkita / 5. isake vistRta varNana ke lie de. - (a) paM. mAdhavasvarUpa vatsa dI guptA Tempala eTa devagar3ha (e. esa.Ai. memvAyara kra. 70), pR. 14-15 tathA phalaka 10 (b)| (ba) gopInAtha rAva : elimeNTsa oNfa hindU AinogrAphI, jilda eka, pR. 110-12 tathA phalaka 32 / (sa) viMseNTa e. smitha e hisTrI Apha phAina ArTa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona, phalaka 64 (va) / 6. luisa phreDarika iNDiyana Tempalsa eNDa skalpacara ( landana, 1959), pR. 212 tathA phalaka 224, AkRti 189 mUrtikalA ::183

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parantu usake samakSa mAyAdevI yA viSNu ke samAna leTA huA dikhAyA jAne yogya pAtra khoja nikAlane kI samasyA AyI hogii| kyoMki tIrthaMkara kI yaha sthiti sambhava nahIM, koI deva, pUjA kA pAtra nahIM, koI sAdhu alaMkaraNa aura parikara ke sAtha dikhAyA nahIM jA sakatA aura kisI rAjA yA anya mahattvapUrNa vyakti ko jaina mandira meM utkIrNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| para kadAcit kisI bhaTTAraka ke adhyayana yA dekhane meM tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke uparyukta (yA kinhIM anya) aMkanoM meM se koI AyA hogaa| aura usane yahI pAtra mAyAdevI yA zeSazAyI viSNu kI anukRti ke lie sarvAdhika anukUla samajhA hogaa| phira kalAkAra kI chainI cala par3I aura devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM isa AkarSaka tathA utkRSTa kRti kA nirmANa ho utthaa| tIrthaMkara-mAtA kI ina do mUrtiyoM ke atirikta zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI aura bhI aneka mUrtiyA~ bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM prastuta kI gayI haiN| 3. bhakta zrAvaka-zrAvikA : AcArya parameSThI' kI sevA meM khar3e eka ca~varadhArI zrAvaka ke kandhe para jholI Ta~gI hai| isake donoM hAtha kalAiyoM ke Upara se khaNDita haiN| usakA jhukA huA kintu khaNDita mastaka hameM bhI bhakti se abhibhUta kara detA hai| AcArya kI dUsarI ora eka zrAvikA jo kadAcit ukta zrAvaka kI patnI hogI chatra dhAraNa kiye khar3I hai| yaha chatra kiMcit khaNDita hokara bhI apanI kalAgata vizeSatA ke lie ullekhanIya hai| zrAvikA kI veza-bhUSA aura AbhUSaNa sAde kintu motiyoM ke haiN| uttarIya pIche se hAthoM meM pha~sakara phira pIche nikala gayA hai| keza-sajjA khajurAho kI kalA kA smaraNa dilAtI hai| mukhamaNDala khaNDita hai| isI mandira (saMkhyA 1) ke maNDapa meM eka mUrtiphalaka ke pAdapITha meM vinamra zrAvikA kI vezabhUSA meM usakI stanapaTTikA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| 4. vinayI zrAvaka : yahA~ jaina cahAradIvArI meM eka aisI zrAvaka-mUrti jar3I huI hai, jo vastrAbhUSaNa, pariSkRta-abhiruci evaM vinamra bhAva-bhaMgimA Adi kI dRSTi se vizeSa tathA virala kahI jaaegii| usakI veza-bhUSA jahA~ usake samRddha vaibhava aura aizvarya kI abhivyakti karatI hai vahA~ sahaja karabaddha vinaya-mudrA usakI Antarika pavitratA tathA vinamratA ko sUcita karatI hai| kadAcit yaha mUrti kisI aise samRddha zrAvaka kI hai jisane yahA~ kisI vizeSa jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA hogA aura vaha apane abhISTa tIrthaMkara ke samakSa sadaiva vinaya pradarzita karanA cAhatA hogaa| ataH mUlarUpa meM yaha mUrti kisI mandira ke bAhara mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara kI ora mukha karake sthApita kI gayI hogii| 1. maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa meM jar3e hue| 2. de.-citra saM. 801 3. de.-ci. saM. 122 / 184 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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yadyapi aba isake mukha aura pairoM kA kucha bhAga khaNDita ho gayA hai, tathApi yaha mUrti AkarSaNa kA kendra hai hii| 5. udAsIna zrAvaka : devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM aise zrAvakoM kA bhI nidarzana huA hai jo Adhibhautika santApa se santrasta ho saMsAra se vimukha hokara adhyAtma-patha ko AtmasAt karanA cAhate the aura etadartha ve nirjana vanoM athavA zAnta jinAlayoM meM pahu~cakara Atma-cintana meM lIna ho jAte the| ma. saM. dasa ke uttarI stambha para pUrva kI ora bAhya saMsAra se vimukha kintu Atma-cintana meM lIna eka aise hI udAsIna-zrAvaka kA aMkana huA hai| yaha zrAvaka padmAsana meM baiThakara Atmamanana kara rahA hai| usakI vezabhUSA meM tanIdAra duharI chAtI kI a~garakhI tathA sira para TopA darzanIya hai| udAsIna zrAvakoM kI veza-bhUSA aba bhI prAyaH aisI hI hotI hai| 6. anya aMkana : zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke ukta mUryaMkanoM ke atirikta pAThazAlAoM meM adhyayanarata,' atithiyoM kI sevA meM saMlagna aura maNDaliyoM meM nRtya-gIta Adi meM tanmaya' mUDhaMkana bhI prabhAvotpAdaka haiN| kucha zrAvaka-mUrtiyoM meM dAr3hI kA aMkana bhI darzanIya hai| 10. yugma aura maNDaliyA~ sAmAnya anuzIlana devagar3ha ke sthApatya meM yugmoM aura maNDaliyoM kA upayoga sAmAjika, sAMskRtika aura dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti tathA alaMkaraNa ke lie huA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ziva-pArvatI aura viSNu-lakSmI Adi ke yugmoM ke anukaraNa para anya deva-deviyoM ke aura phira samaya-krama se sAmAnya manuSyoM ke yugma bhI aMkita kiye jAne lge| prArambha meM unakA uddezya dhArmika rahA hogA aura bAda meM use sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi para bhI aMkita kiyA gayA hogaa| uttaravartI kAla meM 1. de.-citra saM. 941 2. de.-citra saM. 77 se 82 tk| 3. de.-ma. saM. 12 ke pradakSiNA-patha aura garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra tathA maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa kA praveza-dvAra aadi| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 22, 23 Adi / 4. de.-citra saM. 16, 20, 22, 23, 35, 57, 109, 118 tathA jaina cahAradIvArI, vibhinna mandiroM ke praveza-dvAra aadi| 5. de.--citra saM. 88, 121 aadi| aise mUryaMkanoM ke lie aura bhI de.-ma. saM. eka kA pRSTha bhAga, ma. saM. 12 ke pradakSiNA patha kA praveza-dvAra (dAyeM pakSa para), stambha saM. 11 aadi| mUrtikalA :: 185

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sthApatya jaba vikAsa kI carama sImAoM kA sparza kara rahA thA taba usake stambhoM, dvAra-pakSoM, toraNoM, gavAkSoM, devakulikAoM aura bhittiyoM Adi para alaMkaraNoM kI AvazyakatA huii| ina alaMkaraNoM meM prArambha meM patrAvali-racanA, pazu-pakSiyoM ke aMkana Adi prAkRtika tathA AkheTa Adi sAmAjika dRzyoM ko sthAna milaa| isake pazcAt yugmoM aura maNDaliyoM kA pracAra bddh'aa| vajrayAnI sAdhuoM aura kaula-kApAlikoM kI nItiyoM ke phalasvarUpa maNDaliyoM kA pracAra prAyaH kama ho gayA tathA yugmoM kA aMkana bahuta bar3ha gyaa| usa samaya (I. 10vIM se 13vIM zatI taka) madanikAoM, apsarAoM aura sura-sundariyoM ke aMkana bhI bahuta lokapriya hue| inheM prasAdhana, patra-lekhana, kanduka-krIr3A Adi ke bahAne aneka prakAra kI AkarSaka mudrAoM meM pradarzita kiyA jAne lgaa| sthiti yahA~ taka Age bar3hI ki mandira ke zAnta aura pavitra vAtAvaraNa meM kAma-zAstra ke vividha AsanoM kA mUrtigata prayoga hone lgaa| khajurAho, koNArka, bhuvanezvara Adi sthAnoM para madhyakAla meM nirmita mUrtiyoM meM uttAnabhogavAda ke vibhinna dRzya aba bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| jahA~ taka devagar3ha aura usake samIpavartI kalA kendroM cA~dapura, jahAjapura, dUdhaI, serona, ahAra, papaurA, bAnapura, baruvAsAgara Adi kA prazna hai, vahA~ ukta sthiti apane prArambhika rUpa meM hI Akara raha gyii| yahA~ madanikAoM aura sura-sundariyoM Adi ke aMkana bahuta milate haiM, para yugmoM ke km| kucha yugma sambhoga mudrA meM bhI dikha jAte haiM, para usakI mUrtiyoM kA AkAra kahIM bhI pA~ca-chaha iMca se adhika nahIM hai, jabaki khajurAho Adi meM unakI mUrtiyA~ 15 iMca se 40 iMca taka kI haiN| (a) yugma devagar3ha meM prAyaH do prakAra ke rati-citra milate haiM-(1) premAsakta yugma aura (2) sambhogarata yugm| 1. premAsakta yugma : sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM premAsakta yugmAMkita eka aisA zilAphalaka' surakSita hai jo apane kalA-vaiziSTya aura svAbhAvika Alekhana ke lie ullekhanIya hai| isameM premI aura premikA kA zArIrika lAvaNya to AkarSaka hai hI, unakI bhAvapUrNa kintu saMyata-mudrA aura snehAdhIna-dRSTi bhI unake pArasparika anurAga ko vyakta kara rahI hai| donoM ke vastrAbhUSaNa atyanta uccakoTi ke haiN| ve eka-dUsare 1. de.-citra saM. 1191 186 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ko prema-pAza meM saMjoye hokara bhI sAmAjika ziSTAcAra kA pAlana karate hue pratIta hote haiN| jaina cahAradIvArI, maM. saM. gyAraha, maM. saM. bAraha, maM. saM. aThAraha maM. saM. aTThAIsa' tathA maM. saM. bAraha ke sAmane par3e hue avazeSoM Adi meM premAsakta yugmoM ke kucha aise aMkana prApta hote haiM jinameM uddAma yauvana kA udvega prakaTa hue binA nahIM raha sakA hai| unakI veza-bhUSA vaibhava-sampannatA kI paricAyikA hai| ye apanI premikA ke prAyaH stana-sparza karate hue dikhAye gaye haiM, jabaki kucha sthAnoM para ve eka-dUsare ko prema-pUrNa dRSTi se to nihAra rahe haiM aura premAlApa bhI kara rahe haiM, kintu stana-sparza nahIM kara rhe| 2. sambhogarata yugma : yahA~ maM. saM. gyAraha ke dUsare khaNDa ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para bAyeM eka aisA yugma' bhI prApta hotA hai, jise saMbhoga-mudrA meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| 3. zucismitA : maM. saM. gyAraha ke dUsare khaNDa ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para bAyeM eka aisI nAyikA Alikhita hai jo apane bAyeM hAtha meM darpaNa sa~bhAle hai tathA dAyeM se oSTha ko| pratIta hotA hai ki vaha darpaNa kI sahAyatA se apanI hI rUpa-rAzi kA pAna kara rahI hai| isI prakAra kA eka aura aMkana maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para dekhA jA sakatA hai| eka koSThaka meM eka yugma aMkita hai| isameM nAyikA darpaNa kI sahAyatA se apane saundarya ko nihAratI aura lalATikA ThIka karatI huI aMkita kI gayI hai| zucismitA nAyikA kI carcA karate hue hama pahale hI likha cuke haiM ki devagar3ha meM khajurAho-kalA kA pUrva-rUpa bhalI-bhA~ti dekhA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta sambhoga mudrA meM (de. citra saMkhyA 120) prApta rati-citra hameM punaH eka bAra apane ukta vicAra ko dRr3hatara banAne kI preraNA detA hai| hamAre isa vicAra ko yaha kahakara nahIM TAlA jA sakatA ki devagar3ha ne khajurAho se preraNA pAyI thI na ki khajurAho ne devagar3ha se| kAraNa yaha hai ki yahA~ kI kalA khajurAho kI kalA kI apekSA kama vikasita aura 1. de.--citra saM. 121 tathA 109 / 2. dUsarI maMjila ke vAyeM dvAra pakSa para / de.--citra saM. 1201 3. pradakSiNA patha tathA garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAroM para / de.-citra saM. 18, 23 / 4. de.-citra saM. 331 5. de.-citra saM. 90 / 6. de.-ma.saM. cAra aura bAraha Adi ke dvaar| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 21, 22 evaM 114 1 7. de.-citra saM. 120 / 8. de.-citra saM. 1170 9. de.-citra saM. 1161 mUrtikalA :: 187

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yahA~ kI mUrtiyA~ khajurAho kI kalA kI apekSA kAphI choTI haiM, yahI nahIM yahA~ aise dRzyoM ko una mahattvapUrNa sthAnoM para aMkita bhI nahIM kiyA gayA jinapara khajurAho meM, aura phira aise dRzyoM kI saMkhyA bhI yahA~ khajurAho kI apekSA nagaNya hai| (ba) maNDaliyA~ . devagar3ha meM dhArmika anuSThAnoM, sAmAjika utsavoM, vibhinna AnandadAyI avasaroM Adi para nRtya, vAdya aura saMgIta kI maNDaliyA~ sakriya rahatI thiiN| yahA~ ke maNDalI-dRzyoM meM kabhI kevala nRtya, kabhI kevala vAdya aura kabhI donoM kA aMkana prApta hotA hai| ___1. nRtya-maNDalI : jaina cahAradIvArI kI bhItarI (pazcimI) dIvAra meM praveza-dvAra ke dakSiNa meM nRtya-maNDalI kA bahuta prabhAvotpAdaka aMkana huA hai|' vAdyayantroM ke laya aura tAla para pAda-vikSepa karatI huI nartakiyoM kI hastamudrAe~ evaM mukhAkRtiyA~ darzanIya haiN| sampUrNa aMkana atyanta kalApUrNa hai| jaina cahAradIvArI meM hI nRtyamaNDalI kA eka aura prabhAvazAlI aMkana dekhA jA sakatA hai| maM. saM. bAraha ke ardha-maNDapa ke toraNoM para nRtya-maNDaliyoM ke bahuta sundara Alekhana hue haiN| devagar3ha kI nRtya-maNDaliyoM meM anurAga meM sarAbora puruSa-varga kabhI thApa detA hai to kabhI nRtya meM apanI preyasiyoM kA saath| yahA~ nRtya-maNDaliyoM ke anya aMkana jaina cahAradIvArI, maM. saM. cAra, gyAraha, bAraha, bAIsa Adi ke dvAroM para dekhe jA sakate haiM, jinameM nRtya-magna strI-puruSoM ke bhAvapUrNa aura surucisampanna aMkana hue haiN| 2. vAdya-maNDalI : vAdya-maNDaliyoM ke atyanta samRddha evaM kalAmaya aMkana devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM upalabdha hote haiN| vAdya-yantroM kA prayoga nRtya aura saMgIta Adi kI maNDaliyoM meM huA hai| svatantra rUpa se bhI vAdya-yantroM kA upayoga huA hai| strI aura puruSa donoM hI isa prakAra kI maNDaliyoM meM sammilita pAye gaye haiN| yahA~ kI maNDaliyoM meM jhA~jha, ma~jIrA, mRdaMga, Dholaka, veNu, vINA, ikatArA, turahI, tamUrA, ghaMTA, zaMkha Adi aneka prakAra ke vAdya-yantra prayukta pAye jAte haiN|" 1. de.-citra saM. 571 2. de.-citra saM. 1098 3. de.-citra saM. 16, 21, 23 aadi| 4. de.-citra saM. 57, 109, 118 Adi / 5. de.-citra saM. 16, 18, 22, 23, 116, 121 Adi / 6. de.-citraM saM. 16, 20, 22, 23, 25, 57, 109, 118 Adi / 188 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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3. saMgIta-maNDalI : devagar3ha meM saMgIta-maNDaliyoM ke aneka kalApUrNa aMkana prApta hote haiM, jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahA~ kA samAja saMgIta kA kevala rasika hI nahIM thA, pratyuta usameM prazikSita bhI thA tathA vahA~ kI pAThazAlAoM meM saMgIta-zikSA kA prabandha bhI rahA hogaa| ma. saM. vAraha ke ardhamaNDapa', jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3e hue zilAphalakoM para samRddha saMgIta-maNDaliyoM ke aMkana apanI pUrNatA evaM kalAgata sUkSmatA kI parAkASThA para pahu~ce hue pratIta hote haiN| inase spaSTa hai ki yahA~ saMgIta kI bar3I maNDaliyA~ thIM aura samaya-samaya para aneka AyojanoM meM unake manoraMjaka kAryakrama huA karate the| saMgIta-maNDaliyoM ke aura bhI bahuta se dRzya devagar3ha meM aMkita milate haiN| ukta sabhI maNDaliyoM meM utkIrNa mUrtiyA~ AkAra meM laghu hone para bhI spaSTa aura AkarSaka bana par3I haiN| unake aMga-pratyaMgoM ke sArthaka ubhAroM tathA sUkSma rekhAMkanoM ke nirIkSaNa se dhAraNA banatI hai ki yaha kalA navamI zatI ke bAda kI nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki isameM guptakAlIna kalA ke aneka lakSaNa aura paramparAe~ avaziSTa haiM, jabaki candelakAlIna kalA kA prArambhika rUpa bhI unameM dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| 11. pratIka pratIka kI svIkRti mAnava-saMskRti meM pratIka kI svIkRti utanI hI prAcIna hai jitanI mAnava kI jnyaan-cetnaa| pratyakSa vastu ko zabdoM dvArA prakaTa karane kI prathama ceSTA ne hI pratIka kI mAnyatA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| pratIka-vikAsa samaya ke sAtha pratIka kA bhI vistAra hotA gayA aura vaha aba zabdoM taka hI sImita na raha gyaa| zabdoM se adhika sarala aura saMkSipta pratIka dUsarA nahIM, parantu kabhI-kabhI aspaSTa yA adRzya vastuoM kA sarvasAdhAraNa ko bodha karAne meM zabda asaphala bhI ho jAte haiM, aisI sthiti meM kisI vastu ko abhISTa vastu kA pratIka mAnA jAne lgaa| eka vastu ke pratIka ke rUpa meM dUsarI vastu kI hI svIkRti apane Apa meM eka bahuta bar3I ghaTanA thii| pratIkAtmaka vastu hI Age calakara do rUpoM meM pariNata huii| usakA prathama rUpa thA-atadAkAra, jise hama yathArtha zabdoM meM 'anagar3ha' 1 de citra saM. 118 | -nina saM. 57 aura 109 / mUrtikalA :: 189

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kaheM to adhika acchA hogaa| miTTI ke Dhele yA patthara ke Tukar3e se parvata kA aura jala kI kSudra dhArA se vizAla nadI kA bodha karAnA bhI pratIkoM meM sthAna pAtA hai| yahI dvitIya, tadAkAra pratIka kI mAnyatA kA sUtrapAta hai| vibhinna rUpa aba hamAre samakSa pratIka ke tIna rUpa spaSTa haiM : 1. zabdAtmaka, 2. atadAkAra aura 3. tdaakaar| vartamAna vicArakoM aura dArzanikoM ke vicAra se aba kadAcit zabdAtmaka pratIka ko pratIka-koTi meM na rakhA jAya, para zeSa do pratIka to aba bhI mAnya haiN| ___mAnava kI vivecanAtmaka yA upayogI-anupayogI vastuoM meM bheda karane kI yogyatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha pratIka-mAnyatA ne bhI vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa kiye| upayogI vastu kA pratIka zubha mAnA jAne lagA aura anupayogI vastu kA pratIka azubha / yahIM se pratIkoM ke prati sammAna yA asammAna kA bhAva jAgrata hotA hai| upayogI yA abhISTa vastu ke pratIka kI kalpanA adhika sundara rUpa meM kI gyii| prArambha meM usakI tadAkAratA yA atadAkAratA para kama dhyAna diyA gayA, parantu mAnava meM jyoM-jyoM kalAbodha vikasita huA, tyoM-tyoM pratIka kI tadAkAratA ko mahattva milatA gyaa| tadAkAra pratIka ko mahattva isalie bhI milA ki vaha mAnava-bhAvanA ko atadAkAra pratIka kI apekSA adhika zIghratA evaM sundaratA se jAgrata kara letA hai| mUrti-kalpanA pratIka ke kSetra meM mAnava kI sundaratama upalabdhi thI-mUrti kI klpnaa| usane prArambha meM jaba apane sarvAdhika priya vyakti ko mUrti ke rUpa meM prastuta kara liyA hogA, taba vaha apanI apUrva saphalatA para jhUma uThA hogaa| mUrtirUpa pratIka kI lokapriyatA nirantara bar3hI aura aba bhI bar3ha rahI hai| yaha pratIka bhI samayakrama se zubha evaM azubha ke rUpa meM vibhakta ho claa| azubha vastu ko mUrtarUpa pratIka dene meM mAnava ne apanA apamAna anubhava kiyA aura yahI kAraNa hai ki anupayogI yA durupayogI vastuoM ke pratIka yA to mUrtarUpa nahIM hote yA unakA mUrtarUpa utanA sughar3a tathA kalApUrNa nahIM hotA, jitanA ki upayogI vastuoM kaa| mUrti-pUjA kA janma mUrtarUpa pratIka cU~ki upayogI yA abhISTa vastu kA hI banAyA jAne lagA, ataH usakI mAnyatA bhI bar3ha clii| yaha mAnyatA vibhinna rUpoM meM prakaTa huii| mUrti ko surakSita tathA sundara sthAna meM rakhA gyaa| abhISTa praraNA yA zaktisaMcAra ke lie 190 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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usake sAmayika yA dainika darzana kA vidhAna kiyA jAne lgaa| yahIM se mUrti-pUjA kI prathA ko janma milaa| isa dRSTi se, itane se uddezya se hI yadi mUrti-pUjA kI svIkRti mAneM to kahanA hogA ki Aja saMsAra meM kadAcit aisA koI vyakti nahIM, jo mUrtipUjaka na ho| parantu mAnava ne jaba se bhaugolika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika dRSTiyoM se apanI sImAe~ saMkIrNa kI yA aisI sImAoM kA anubhava kiyA, taba se usakI mUrtipUjA ne bhI deza, kAla tathA paristhiti ke anukUla rUpa-rUpAntara dhAraNa kiye| kahIM tadAkAra mUrtirUpa pratIka kI pUjA prArambha huI to kahIM atadAkAra mUrtirUpa kii| jahA~ taka bhArata kA prazna hai, yahA~ tadAkAra mUrtirUpa pratIka ko hI adhikatara pUjA prApta huii| aba se pacAsa zatAbdI pUrva yahA~ mUrti-pUjA pracalita thii| usase pacIsa zatAbdI pazcAt yahA~ usakI jar3eM itanI gaharI jama cukI thIM ki mahAtmA buddha-jaise adbhuta prabhAvazAlI vyakti ke Adeza kA ullaMghana karake bhI manuSya ne mUrti-pUjA cAlU rkhii| mUrtiyoM ke pAtra aba mUrti ke pAtroM ke rUpa meM bhArata meM-ziva, viSNu, RSabha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra aura buddha jaisI mahAn vibhUtiyA~ svIkRta kI jAne lgiiN| kintu kadAcit janasaMkhyA ke vistAra evaM rucivaibhinnya ke phalasvarUpa mUrti ke pAtroM meM vRddhi ho clii| prAkRtika zaktiyoM ko, jinheM aba taka zabdAtmaka yA atadAkAra pratIka hI prApta the, aba mUrtarUpa pratIka prApta hone lage, yadyapi aisI mUrtiyoM ko vaha mAnyatA kabhI nahIM milI jo pUrva-svIkRta ziva Adi kI mUrtiyoM ko prApta huI aura phira ina pAtroM kI saMkhyA itanI adhika bar3hI ki unake prati pUjA kI bhAvanA apekSAkRta nirbala ho gyii| phalasvarUpa unheM vaha alaMkaraNa aura sthAna bhI prApta na ho sakA jo pUrva svIkRta mUrtiyoM ko huaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki anya mUrtiyoM ko pUrva-svIkRta mUrtiyoM ke paricAraka yA pUraka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gyaa| jaba eka mUrti ke lie mandira kA nirmANa kiyA gayA taba anya mUrtiyoM ko yA to mandira ke sajjAgata tattvoM meM sthAna diyA gayA yA mukhya-mUrti ke samIpa khiiN| jainadharma meM pratIka pratIka kA astitva jainadharma meM AdikAla se rahA hai| zAstrIya vidhAnoM ke anusAra kucha mUrtiyA~ aura mandira to aise haiM jo kevala prakRti kI dena haiM, unakA 1. 'kRtyAkRtrimacArucaityanilayAn nityaM trilokIgatAn / vande bhAvanavyaMtarAn yutivagana svargAmarAvAsagAm // ' - akRtrima caityAlayoM ke argha : vRhajjinavANI saMgraha, pR. 105 / mUrtikalA :: 191

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na Adi hai aura na ant| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vartamAna manuSya una taka pahu~ca nahIM sakA hai| manuSya dvArA nirmita prAcInatama jaina mUrti kauna hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM lohAnIpura se prApta mauryakAlIna eka jaina mUrti pradarzita hai|' har3appA meM bhI eka nagna mUrti prApta huI hai| ina donoM mUrtiyoM meM paramparA aura lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se itanI adhika samAnatA hai ki har3appA kI mUrti ko jaina kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hotaa| sva. pro. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra (banArasa hindU vizvavidyAlaya) ne sindhu ghATI meM hI prApta eka mudrA (kramAMka 449) para 'jinezvaraH' par3hA thaa| yadi paryApta pramANoM se yaha saba sampuSTa ho jAtA hai to jaina mUrti kI prAcInatA aba se lagabhaga pA~ca hajAra varSa pUrva mAnI jaaegii| prAcIna jaina granthoM-Avazyaka cUrNi, nizIthacUrNi, vasudevahiNDI, triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita, Adi meM eka manoraMjaka ghaTanA kA varNana hai : sindhu sauvIra ke zAsaka uddAyana ke pAsa jIvantasvAmI kI eka candananirmita mUrti thii| yaha mUrti bhagavAn mahAvIra kI thI, jise unake jIvanakAla meM hI nirmita kiye jAne ke kAraNa 'jIvanta-svAmI' kI mUrti kahA gayA hai| ujjaina ke zAsaka pradyota ne apanI eka dAsI-premikA ke dvArA yaha mUrti corI se prApta kara lI aura usake sthAna para tadanurUpa kASTha-nirmita mUrti sthApita karA dI thii| jIvanta svAmI kI isa mUrti kI paramparA lagabhaga 550 I. taka calatI rhii| aba se pacIsa zatAbdI pUrva jaina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA thA, yaha tathya kaliMga-samrAT khAravela ke hAthI gumphA-abhilekha se bhI pramANita hai| isake pazcAt uparyukta lohAnIpura se prApta mUrti ullekhanIya hai|' dUsarI-tIsarI zatI I. pU. meM likhe 1. dekhie-(a) viMseNTa e. smitha : e hisTrI Afa fAina ArTa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona (bambaI, tRtIya saMskaraNa), pR. 20 tathA phalaka daza, AkRti (sii)| (ba) Ara.sI. majUmadAra : dI eja Afa impIriyala yUniTI, pR. 426 / 2. dekhie-vI.e. smitha : e hisTrI Afa fAina ArTa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona, phalaka do, AkRti sI tathA ddii| 3. aura bhI de.-(a) paM. sumeracandra divAkara : jaina zAsana (kAzI, 1950), pR. 313 / (ba) muni vidyAnanda : zramaNa saMskRti kA itihAsa : sanmati sandeza (agasta 1969), pR. 13 / 4. vistAra ke lie de.-DaoN. u.pre. zAha : jarnala Afa dI oriyaNTala iMsTITyUTa, jilda eka, aMka ___ eka, pR. 72 tathA Age aura aMka 4, pR. 358 tathA aage| 5. DaoN. u.pre. zAha : e noTa Ana dI akoTA hoI Afa jaina boMjez2a : bar3audA thU dI ejez2a, pari. 4, pR. 77 aura aage| 6. nandarAja-nItaM ca kaliMgajinaM saMnivesaM...gaha ratanAna paDihArahi aMgamAgadha vasu ca neyAti (1) -kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla : kaliMga-cakravartI mahArAja khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa : nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA : bhAga 8, aMka 3, pR. 16 se ut| 7. de - Ara.sI. majUmadAra : dI eja Apha impIriyana iniTI . 1245 192 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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gaye kucha granthoM meM bahattara kalAoM kA ullekha hai| unameM se eka 'dagamattiya' nAmaka kalA bhI hai jisake antargata miTTI kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa AtA hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyA~ bhI sammilita rahI hoNgii| isake pazcAt kuSANakAla meM jainamUrtiyoM kA nirmANa paryApta mAtrA meM huaa| isa samaya se jaina mUrtikalA nirantara vikAsa aura vyApakatA prApta karatI gayI tathA usane bhAratIya kalA ko aneka anupama kRtiyA~ pradAna kii| jaina dharma meM prAcIna kAla se tadAkAra pratIkoM ke atirikta atadAkAra pratIkoM kI mAnyatA bhI rahI hai| atadAkAra pratIkoM meM mukhya aura paramparAgata hai-dharmacakra, stUpa, triratna, caityastambha, caityavRkSa, pUrNaghaTa, zrIvatsa, zarAva-sampuTa, puSpapAtra, puSpapaDalaka, svastika Adi / eka anya mahattvapUrNa pratIka 'AyAgapaTTa' bhI rahA hai| yaha eka vargAkAra yA AyatAkAra zilApaTTa hotA hai, jisa para kucha anya pratIka utkIrNa hote haiN| kucha para madhya meM tIrthaMkara kI laghu mUrti aMkita hotI hai| kucha AyAgapaTTa abhilikhita bhI haiM, jinase jJAta hotA hai ki ve pUjA ke uddezya se sthApita kiye jAte the| mathurA tathA kauzAmbI se aneka sundara zaka-kuSANakAlIna AyAgapaTTa mile haiN| lAMchana : tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana bhI pratIka kahe jA sakate haiN| ye lAMchana tIrthaMkaroM 1. de.-(1) nAyAdhammakahAo, jilda / (pUnA, 1940), pR. 211 (2) samavAyAMga (ahamadAbAda, 1938), pR. 77 (a)| (3) ovavAiya (sUrata, 1914 vi.). pR. 40, sUtra 1071 (4) rAyapaseNaiya, (ahamadAbAda, 1994 vi.sN.)| (5) jambuddIva pannatti (bambaI, 1920), TIkA do, pR. 136 aura aage| 2. de.-(1) paM. becaradAsa : bhagavAn mahAvIra nI dharmakathAo, pR. 193 aura aage| (2) amUlyacandra sena : sosala lAipha ina jaina liTarecara : kalakattA rivyU, mArca 1933, pR. 364 aura aage| (3) DI.sI. dAsa guptA : jaina sisTama Afa ejukezana (kalakattA, 1942), pR. 74 aura aage| (4) DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina : bhA. saM. jai. yo., pR. 284-91 / 3. sabhI (24) tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM thor3e-se hera-phera ke sAtha, prAyaH eka samAna pAye jAte haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana agralikhita haiM(a) "vasaha gaya turaya vAnara kuMco kamalaM ca satyiyau cndo| mayara sirivaccha gaNDaya mahisa vArAho ya seNo ya // vajja hariNo chagalo naMdAvatto ya kalasa kumbho y| nIluppala saMkha phanI sIho a jiNANa cinnhaaii||" -bI.sI. bhaTTAcArya : jaina AikAnogrAfI (lAhaura, 1939), pR. 49 para pravacanasAroddhAra se uddhRt| (ba) "gorgajo'zvaH kapiH kokaH kamalaM svastikaH shshii| makaraH zrIdrumo gaNDo mahiSaH kolasedhikau // vajraM mRgo'japTagaraM kalazaH kUrma utpalam zaMkho nAgAdhipaH siMho lAMchanAnyarhatAM kramAt // -paM. AzAdhara : pra. sA. 1, 78-791 mUrtikalA :: 193

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ke sAtha kaba se aura kaise sambaddha hue, yaha vicAraNIya hai| lohAnIpura se prApta mauryakAlIna tathA mathurA se prApta zaka evaM kuSANa mUrtiyoM ke sAtha lAMchana utkIrNa nahIM kiye gye| pahacAna ke lie tIrthaMkara kA nAma yA paMcakalyANakoM meM se kisI eka yA eka se adhika ko mUrti ke sAtha utkIrNa kiyA jAtA thaa| paravartI kAla meM lAJchanoM kI kalpanA kI gayI aura unheM mUrtiyoM ke pAdapITha para utkIrNa kiyA jAne lgaa| ye lAMchana kaise sambaddha hue, isa sambandha meM do vicAradhArAe~ haiM : prathama vicAradhArA ke anusAra indra, tIrthaMkara ko abhiSeka ke lie sumeru parvata para le jAte samaya unake zarIra para sarvaprathama jisa vastu kI rekhAkRti dekhatA, usI ko unake lAMchana ke rUpa meM ghoSita kara detaa| yahI vicAra kiMcit parivartita rUpa meM bhI milatA hai| indra tIrthaMkara ke dAyeM paira ke aMgUThe para rekhAMkita vastu ko unakA lAMchana nizcita karatA hai| dUsarI vicAradhArA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ke rAjadhvaja kA cihna hI unakA lAMchana mAnA jAtA hai| isa vicAradhArA meM yaha Apatti hai ki kucha tIrthaMkara rAjA nahIM the aura kucha rAjA banane se pUrva hI saMnyAsI ho gaye the| ataH unake rAjadhvaja yA usameM aMkitaM (sa) "go vAraNAzvAH kapikokapadmAH, svastyoSadhIzI mkrdrumaaNkau| gaNDo lulAyaH kiTisedhike ca, vajaM mRgojaH kusumaM ghaTazca // kUrmotpalaM zaMkha bhujaMga siMhaH, krameNa bim'ka-vikalpanAni // " -jayasenAcArya : pratiSThA pATha (zolApura, 1925), zloka 346--17 / (Da) tiloya paNNattI, adhikAra cAra, gAthA 604-605 / (i) aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 566 / (I) bhaTTAraka dharmacandra : gautamacaritra (sUrata, 1927), 5, 130-31 / 1. tIrthaMkara ke jIvana ke mahAna kalyANakArI avasara 'kalyANaka' kahe jAte haiN| ye pA~ca hote haiM : (1) garbhAdhAna, (2) janma, (3) dIkSA, (4) jJAna aura (5) mokss| 2. (ka) eka mUrtikhaNDa para 'nemeSa' (naigameSa-zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra jisane mahAvIra ke jIva ko devAnandA ke garbha se sthAnAntarita kiyA thA) kA nAma utkIrNa pAyA gayA hai| aura bhI de.---vyUlara : spesImensa Afa jaina skalpacarsa phrAma mathurA : epI.i., jilda do, pR. 311 aura aage| (kha) eka zaMgakAlIna mUrti (lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya, kra. je. 354) para nIlAMjanA nutya (dIkSAkalyANaka) yA tIrthakara kI mAtA (janma kalyANaka) kA aMkana darzanIya hai| 3. aura bhI de.-DaoN. u.pre. zAha : sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa, pR. 11 / 4. de.-(a) hemacandra : abhidhAnacintAmaNi, saMpA. paM. haragovinda zAstrI (vArANasI, 1964), kANDa .. 12, zloka 47-48 / (ba) paM. AzAdhara : anagAra dharmAmata (bambaI, 1919), a. 8, zloka 41 / 5. "jammaNakAle jassa du dAhiNapAyammi hoi jo ciNhaM / ____ talakkhaNapAuttaM Agamasutte sujiNadehaM // " -trikAlavI mahApuruSa, pR. 56 se udhRt| 6. de.-(ka) AdipurANa, parva 22, zloka 299 1 (kha) harivaMzapurANa, parga do, zloka 73 / (ga) trilokasAra, gAthA 1010 / 194 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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cihna kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa|' adhika vyAvahArika to yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ye lAMchana tIrthaMkara ke nAma, vaMza, gotra aura jAti Adi ke AdhAra para ThIka usI prakAra nizcita kiye gaye hoMge, jisa prakAra Ajakala hotA dekhA jAtA hai| pahale vRpabha, chaThaveM padmaprabha aura AThaveM candraprabha ke nAma para hI nirdhArita kiye gaye unake lAMchana (kramazaH vRSabha, padma aura candra) isa vicAra kI sampuSTi karate haiN| dasaveM tIrthakara zItala kA lAMchana vRkSa, zItala chAyA to detA hI hai| unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kA lAMchana kumbha (kalaza), unake pitA kumbharAja kA smAraka ho sakatA hai| teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke vaMza ugra evaM lAMchana uraga (sapa) kI vArNika samAnatA. bhI vicAraNIya hai| uparyukta pratIkoM ke atirikta jainadharma meM samavazaraNa, sahasrakUTa, siddhacakra, aSTamaMgala, aSTaprAtihArya, solaha svapna, caraNapAdukA, navanidhi, navagraha, zArdUla, makaramukha, kIrtimukha, kIcaka, gaMgA-yamunA, nAga-nAgI Adi kA bhI pracalana hai| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM uparyukta pratIkoM meM se adhikAMza kA aMkana prApta hotA hai| samavazaraNa : samavazaraNa' kI racanA ke antargata vAstukalA ke prAyaH sabhI aMgopAMga samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| samavazaraNa kA pratIka sampUrNa mandira hI mAnA jA sakatA hai jisameM caityabhUmi, khAtikAbhUmi, latAbhUmi, upavana-bhUmi, dhvajA-bhUmi, kalpAMga-bhUmi, gRhabhUmi, sadgaNabhUmi evaM tIna pIThikAe~ hotI haiN| gandhakuTI : gandhakuTI kI racanA eka ke Upara eka nirmita (pUrvokta) tIna pIThikAoM para citra-vicitra pApANoM se hotI hai| cAroM ora laTakatI motiyoM kI jhAlareM isakI saundaryavRddhi karatI haiM evaM puSpamAlAoM aura dhUpa ke dhue~ se sabhI dizAe~ sugandhita ho uThatI haiN| svAbhAvika rUpa se sugandha bikherate rahane ke kAraNa ise gandhakuTI kahA jAtA hai| cAroM ora se khulI huI isa kuTI ke madhya sthita siMhAsana 1. udAharaNArtha--bArahaveM vAsupUjya, unnIsaveM mallinAtha, tathA antima tIna-neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra-ye pA~ca tIrthakara kumArAvasthA meM hI virakta ho gaye the| inhoMne na rAjya aura na hI vivAha kiyaa| aura bhI de.-trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, pR. 148-51 / 2. 'mAnastambhAH sarAMsi pravimalajalasatkhAtikAH puSpavATI, prAkAro nATyazAlAdvitayamupavanaM vedikAMtardhvajAdyAH // zAlaH kalpadrumANAM suparivRtavanaM stUpahAvalI, ca prAkArAH sphaTiko'ntasuramuni sabhA pIThikAgre svayaMbhUH // ' -trikAlavI mahApuruSa, pR. 67 se uddhRt| 3. samavazaraNa-racanA ke vistRta varNana ke lie de.-DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI : AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata (vArANasI, 1968), pR. 140-43 tathA 295-300 / 1. de.-harivaMzapurANa, sarga 23, zloka 192 / mUrtikalA :: 105

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para virAjamAna hokara hI tIrthaMkara upadeza dete haiM / ' ukta paddhati para to kadAcit hI koI mandira banA ho, kintu usakA bhAva samavazaraNa kI racanA prastuta karanA hI hotA hai / zrImaNDapa : samavazaraNa kA eka aMga zrImaNDapa' kahalAtA hai| isa zrImaNDapa kI samAnatA hama devagar3ha ke jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke mahAmaNDapa ( citra saMkhyA 17 ) se kara sakate haiN| sahasrakUTa : sahasrakUTa kA pratinidhitva devagar3ha meM atyanta bhavya rUpa meM huA hai / 1 maM. saM. pA~ca (citra pA~ca) kA nirmANa kadAcit isI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie kiyA gayA thA / yaha pratIka yahA~ aura bAnapura Adi meM lokapriya thA, jahA~ vaha Aja bhI akhaNDa rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, jabaki AmanacAra tathA serona meM aneka sahasrakUToM ke khaNDa vidyamAna haiN| 5 mAnastambha : mAnastambha samavazaraNa kA vaha bhAga hotA thA, jo tIrthaMkara ke mAna ( aunnatya yA mahattA ) kA pratIka hotA hai aura jisake mAna ( U~cAI) ko dekhakara abhimAniyoM kA mAna cUrNa ho jAtA hai| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM isa pratIka kA aneka sthAnoM meM nidarzana prApta hotA hai / vahA~ unnIsa mAnastambha aba bhI vidyamAna haiM / " caityavRkSa : caityavRkSa' ve vRkSa kahalAte haiM jinake nIce aSTa-prAtihArya sahita arihanta mUrti ho / devagar3ha meM svatantra rUpa se ina caitya - vRkSoM kA aMkana nahIM huA, para padmAvatI Adi deviyoM aura kucha sAdhu-mUrtiyoM ke pRSThabhAga meM aMkita kiye gaye vRkSoM ko caityavRkSa mAnA jA sakatA hai| / aSTaprAtihArya : aSTa-prAtihArya kA aMkana devagar3ha kI prAyaH sabhI tIrthaMkara 1. de. - AdipurANa, parva 23, zloka 201 2. de. - (a) Thakkura pheru: vAstusAra prakaraNa (jayapura, 1936), prakaraNa tIna, zloka 51 / (ba) DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina : bhA.saM. jai. yo., pR. 297 / 3. de. - rekhAcitra kra. 39 / 4. de. - citra saM. 7 aura 8 / 5. yaha sthAna devagar3ha se pazcima meM chaha mIla dUra hai / vahA~ aneka mandiroM ke kha~Dahara aura bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~ asta-vyasta par3I haiN| sahasrakUTa kA eka khaNDita bhAga bhI vahA~ ke sthAnIya jaina mandira meM rakhA hai| 6. serona ke maM.saM. do ke bAhara tathA maM. saM. chaha ke garbhagRha meM sahasrakUTa-khaNDa dekhe jA sakate haiN| 7. kucha mahattvapUrNa evaM pratinidhi mAnastambhoM ke lie de. - citra saM. 43 48 taka / 8. 'veluriyaphalA vidumavisAlasAhA dasappayArA te / -- trilokasAra, gAthA 1012 | pallaMka pADiheraga caudisamUlagaya jiNapaDimA ||' 9. aSTa prAtihArya haiM - azokavRkSa, siMhAsana, chatratraya, prabhAmaNDala, divya-dhvani, puSpavRSTi, caMvaradhArI yakSa aura dundubhidhArI udghoSaka / aura bhI dekhie - (a) aparAjitapRcchA, pR. 5651 (ba) pratiSThAsAroddhAra. a. cAra, zloka 205-212 | ( sa ) trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, pR. 77-81 | 196 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mUrtiyoM para huA hai, jinapara nahIM huA hai, unakA nirmANa usa samaya huA hogA jaba (I. tIsarI zatI) aSTa prAtihAryoM kA pracalana nahIM huA thA / kucha mUrtiyoM para ye apane samagra rUpa meM nahIM milate, udAharaNa ke lie azoka vRkSa aura puSpa vRSTi ke aMkana bahuta kama mUrtiyoM para hue haiM / divyadhvani ko aMkita karane kA kalAkAra ke pAsa kadAcit koI mAdhyama na thA / yahA~ kI mUrtiyoM meM aSTaprAtihArya ke rUpa meM prAyaH siMhAsana, chatratraya, prabhAmaNDapa, ca~varadhArI yakSa evaM dundubhidhArI udghoSaka Adi hI prApta hote haiM / nava-nidhi : chaha-khaNDa pRthvI ke svAmI cakravartI kI vaibhavasUcikA navanidhiyA~ 2 mAnI gayI haiM / devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM navanidhiyoM kA aMkana cakravartI bharata kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha huA hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki unheM tadAkAra rUpa meM na dikhAyA jAkara eka ke Upara eka rakhe gaye nau ghaToM ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| dharmacakra : dharmacakra' tIrthaMkara ko kevalajJAna prApta ho jAne para devoM dvArA kiye jAnevAle caudaha atizaya guNoM meM terahavA~ hai| tIrthaMkara ke vihAra ke samaya sUrya se bhI adhika camakadAra yaha unake Age calatA thA / dharmacakra kA aMkana devagar3ha kI 1 1. aise hI kucha mUrtyakanoM ke lie de. - citra saM. 51-54, 57, 71, 72, 74 Adi / 2. nava-nidhi haiM - ( 1 ) kAlanidhi (Rtu ke anusAra vividha padArtha denevAlA), (2) mahAkAlanidhi ( nAnAvidha bhojana padArtha denevAlA), (3) mANavaka (Ayudha pradAtA), (4) piMgala (AbharaNa pradAtA), ( 5 ) naisarpya ( mandira pradAtA ), ( 6 ) padma (vastra pradAtA), (7) pANDuka (dhAnya pradAtA ), ( 8 ) zaMkha (vAditra pradAtA ), ( 9 ) sarvarAtra ( nAnAratna) ( nAnAvidha rtnprdaataa)| navanidhiyoM ke vistRta vivecana ke lie aura bhI dekhie - (ka) mahApurANa (AdipurANa) parva 37, zloka 73-82 / (kha) trilokasAra, gAthA 682 | 3. de. - citra saM. 88, 89 / kucha mandiroM ke praveza dvAroM para bhI bharata kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gayI haiM / 4. ' sahasrAraM hasaddIptyA sahasrakiraNadyutiM / dharmacakraM jinasyAgre prasthAnAsthAnayoramAt // ' -A. jinasena : harivaMzapurANa, sarga 3, padya 29 / aura bhI de. - tiloyapaNNatti, 4-9131 5. devakRta caudaha atizaya guNa nimnAMkita haiM -- (1) sarvArdhamAgadhI bhASA, (2) samasta virodhI jIvoM meM bhI pArasparika maitrI, (3) dazoM dizAoM kA nirmala rahanA, (4) AkAza nirmala rahanA, (5) vRkSoM meM sabhI RtuoM ke puSpa, phala Adi kA AnA, (6) eka yojana taka pRthvI kA darpaNavat nirmala rahanA, (7) tIrthakara ke vihAra ke samaya caraNoM ke nIce suvarNa kamaloM kA rahanA, ( 8 ) AkAza meM jaya-jaya dhvani honA, ( 9 ) zItala, manda aura sugandhita vAyu bahanA, ( 10 ) gandhodaka kI vRSTi honA, ( 11 ) bhUtala darpaNa kI bhA~ti svaccha rahanA, ( 12 ) sampUrNa jIvoM ko parama Ananda kI prApti honA, ( 13 ) tIrthaMkara Age dharmacakra calanA, aura ( 14 ) tIrthaMkara ke samakSa aSTa maMgala dravya honA / vistAra ke lie aura bhI de. - (a) mahApurANa, parva 25, zloka 266-821 (ba) harivaMzapurANa, sarga 3, zloka 16, 17, 29 tathA 215 Adi / (sa) tiloyapaNNatti, 4-913 aadi| mUrtikalA :: 197

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jaina kalA meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana para madhya meM huA hai| usake donoM ora eka-eka siMha (yA kabhI-kabhI eka ora siMha tathA eka ora hiraNa) bhI dikhAye gaye dharmacakra kI mAnyatA bhAratIya kalA meM bahuta prAcIna hai| jaba mahAtmA buddha kI mUrtiyA~ nahIM banatI thIM taba unako pratyupasthApita (riprijeNTa) karanevAle pratIkoM meM dharmacakra sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| sAranAtha, bodhagayA Adi se prApta bodhisattva aura buddha kI mUrtiyoM meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora hiraNa bhI aMkita hue haiN| vaidika dharma meM ise viSNu kI tarjanI (a~gulI) para ghUmatA huA dikhAyA jAtA hai| cakravartI ke sudarzana-cakra kI kalpanA kadAcit dharmacakra kI hI dena hai| cakra : isI prakAra vRSabhanAtha kI yakSI cakrezvarI ke aneka hAthoM meM cakra dikhAyA jAtA hai| zrIvatsa : zrIvatsa bhI devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke vakSasthala para eka ubharI huI catuSkoNa AkRti ke rUpa meM (eka-eka koNa Upara-nIce hotA hai aura unameM se pratyeka lagabhaga 60deg kA koNa banAtA hai tathA kabhI-kabhI agala-bagala ke koNa, koNa na rahakara vRttAkAra ho jAte haiM) prApta hotA hai| yaha pratIka mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna kalA meM AyAgapaTToM para utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| paravartIkAla meM ise mUrtiyoM ke vakSasthala para sthAna milaa| isakI mAnyatA bhI vaidika aura bauddha dharmoM meM samAna rUpa se rahI hai| ise viSNu kA cihna' mAnakara unakA eka. nAma zrIvatsalAMchana bhI rakhA gyaa| tathA unakI mUrti ke vakSasthala para ise prAyaH aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha kalA meM alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga milatA hai| svastika : sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana meM svastika kI vyApaka mahattA svIkAra kI gayI hai| yaha puruSa-prakRti-rUpa do tattvoM se bane tathA caturgati rUpa saMsAra meM ghUmanevAle jIvana sambandhI mahAsatya kA pratIka hai| isake madhya meM khar3I aura Ar3I 1. de.-citra saM. 52, 53, 57, 61, 66, 67, 71, 74 aadi| 2. aura bhI de.-bhikSu dharmarakSita : sAranAtha kA itihAsa (vArANasI, 1961), pR. 14 tathA 110 aura unase sambaddha citrphlk| 3. de.-citra saM. 99, 100, 111 aadi| 4. de.-citra saM. 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 71, 72, 74 aadi| 5. 'zrIvatso lAJchanaM smRtam' |-amrkoss, 1-1-29 / 6. 'vizvaMbharaH kaiTabhajidvidhuH shriivtslaanychnH|-amrkoss, 1-1-22 / 7. sAMkhya darzana ke anusaar| 8. cAra gatiyA~ haiM-naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura dev| 198 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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do rekhAe~ puruSa aura prakRti, jIva aura pudgala, ' caitanya aura jar3a, brahma evaM mAyA, 2 amRta aura martya, satya aura asatya, amUrta aura mUrta Adi vizva ke do sanAtana tattvoM kA nirdeza karatI haiN| ina rekhAoM ke choroM para kI cAra paMktiyA~ cAra gatiyoM kA smaraNa karAtI haiN| 1 devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM svastika kA aMkana tIrthaMkara ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM huA hai| jabaki isakA prAcInatama rUpa mathurA evaM kauzAmbI Adi se prApta AyAgapaTToM para upalabdha hotA hai / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki tiloyapaNNattI' ke anusAra yaha dazaveM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha kA lAMchana honA cAhie, jabaki pratiSThApATha, 7 pratiSThAsAroddhAra, vAstusAra prakaraNa' aura aparAjita pRcchA" ke anusAra sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kA hai / 8 solaha maMgala - svapna : tIrthaMkara taba mAtA ke garbha meM Ate haiM taba vaha solaha maMgala" svapna dekhatI haiN| 12 inheM bhI mandiroM ke dvAroM, toraNoM Adi para aMkita kiyA gyaa| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM inakA aMkana eka sthAna 13 para huA hai, yadyapi 1. jaina darzana ke anusAra / 2. vedAnta darzana ke anusAra / 3. digambaradAsa jaina eDavokeTa : svastika ke camatkAra : jaina mitra (phAlguna sudI 15, vI. saM. 2494), pR. 189-901 4. de. - bRha. jai. zabdA., pR. 658 1 5. devagar3ha meM kucha tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM para svastika kA ulaTA aMkana bhI milatA hai / 6. yativRSabha sUri : adhikAra cAra gAthA 604-5 7. jayasena zloka saM. 346-47 / 8. paM. AzAdhara : a. eka, zloka 78-791 9. Thakkura pheru, praka. tR., pari. gadyAMza 7, pR. 151 / 10. bhuvanadevAcArya: sUtra 221, pR. 8 1 11. solaha - maMgala - svapna haiM - ( 1 ) garjanA karanevAlA sapheda hAthI, (2) sapheda baila, (3) siMha, (4) donoM juoM se kalazAbhiSeka karate hue hAthI, (5) laTakatI huI do puSpamAlAe~, (6) cA~danI sahita pUrNa candramA, (7) udIyamAna sUrya, ( 8 ) sarovara meM krIDAmagna matsyayugala, ( 9 ) kamalAcchAdita suvarNa kalaza, ( 10 ) padmasarovara ( 11 ) unmattalaharayukta sAgara, ( 12 ) ratnajaTita siMhAsana, ( 13 ) ratna- maNi-jaTita deva vimAna, ( 14 ) nAgendra bhavana, (15) prakAzamAna ratna zazi aura ( 16 ) dhUmarahita prakhara agni jvAlA / 12. (a) A. jinasena : mahApurANa (AdipurANa), parva 12, zlo. 101 se 119 taka / ( ba ) A. jinasena : harivaMzapurANa, sarga 8 zlo. 58 se 74 taka / : ( sa ) arhaddAsa munisuvrata kAvya, paM. ke., bhujabalI zAstrI tathA paM. haranAtha dvivedI dvArA sampAdita anUdita (ArA, 1929), sarga tIna, pR. 23-25 / 13. maM. saM. vAraha ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra ke siradala para / de. - citra saM. 19-20 aura 18 / mUrtikalA :: 199

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tatkAlIna aura uttaravartI sthApatya meM ina pratIkoM kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| dUdhaI, khajurAho, AbU Adi meM bhI inheM dekhA jA sakatA hai| maMgala-svapnoM kI mAnyatA bhArata meM bahuta prAcIna hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM ullekha hai ki 'vaha yadi strI ko dekhe to samajha le ki abhISTa kArya saphala ho jAegA, jaisA ki isa zloka meM likhA hai : 'jaba abhISTa kAryoM ko hAtha meM le cukane para svapna meM strI dikhe to usa svapna ke nimitta se samajha le ki una kAryoM meM saphalatA milegI hii| jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAn jinendra jaba mAtA ke garbha meM Ane lagate haiM taba mAtA svapnoM ko dekhatI hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra ina maMgala-svapnoM kI saMkhyA solaha hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM kevala caudh| ataH ye svapna bhagavAn jinendra ke janma kA anumAna karAne meM sUcanA-svarUpa haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale svapna-phala samajhAnevAle vidvAnoM ko 'nimitta-pAThaka' kahA jAtA thaa| AjIvaka sampradAya meM nimitta-zAstra bahuta pracalita thaa| IsA-pUrva prathama zatI meM kAlakAcArya ne inhIM se nimitta-zAstra kI pUrNa vidyA prApta kI thii| 'aMgavijjA' (lagabhaga 600 I.) nAmaka mahattvapUrNa jaina grantha meM nimitta-vidyA kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| maMgala-svapnoM kA jaina paramparA meM bahuta mahattva hai aura vibhinna granthoM meM vistAra 1. de.-pazcimAbhimukha zAntinAtha mandira ke maNDapa kA toraNa (bhItara kI or)| 2. de.-ghaNTaI, zAntinAtha aura AdinAtha mandira ke prvesh-dvaar| 3. de.-kharatara vasahi kA prvesh-dvaar| 4. 'sa yadi striyaM pazyet samRddha karmeti vidyaat| tadeSa zlokaH yadA karmasu kAmyeSu striyaM svapneSu pshyti| samRddhiM tatra jAnIyAttasmin svpnnidrshn||' -chAndogyopaniSad, 2.7-8 / 5. 'gajo vRSo hariH sAbhiSekazrIH srakzazI raviH / mahAdhvajaH pUrNakumbhaH padmasaraH sritptiH|| vimAnaM ratnapuMjazca nidhUmAgniriti kramAt / ' -bI.sI. bhaTTAcArya : jaina AikAnogrAphI, pR. 51 para triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita se uddhRt| aura bhI de.-bhadrabAhu : kalpasUtra : yAkobI sampA., sUtra tIna, pR. 219 / tathA sUtra 31-36, pR. 229 se 238 tk| 6. (a) vIranandI : candraprabhacarita. (bambaI, 1892 vi.), sarga 16, pa. 571 (ba) arhaddAsa / munisuvrata kAvya, sa. 3, pa. 30 / 7. DaoN. u. pre. zAdda : sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa, pR. 105, pAdaTippaNI saM. ek| 8. muni puNyavijayajI dvArA sampAdita tathA prAkRta jaina TeksTa sosAyaTI dvArA 1957 meM prkaashit| 200 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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se unakA phala batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara jaina mAnyatAnusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba devAnandA ke garbha meM avatIrNa hue taba use caudaha svapna dikhe the aura jaba devoM ne unheM kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA to usane bhI ve caudaha svapna dekhe| prAtaH trizalA ne isa svapnoM kI carcA apane pati siddhArtha se kI to unhoMne nimitta-pAThakoM ko bulAkara ukta svapnoM kA phala samajhAne ke hetu Adeza diyA thaa| digambara jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra trizalA dvArA dekhe gaye svapnoM kI saMkhyA solaha hai tathA unakA artha siddhArtha svayaM samajhAte haiM, nimitta-pAThakoM ko nahIM bulaate| mandiroM ke praveza-dvAra para maMgala-svapnoM ko utkIrNa karane kI paramparA Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| kASThaphalakoM para bhI inheM utkIrNa karAyA jAtA thaa| pANDulipiyoM meM aura unake kASTha-AvaraNoM para tathA dIvAroM Adi para inheM citrita karane kI paramparA, vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbaroM meM bahuta pracalita rhii| caraNa-pAdukAe~ : kisI vizeSa mahApuruSa, tIrthaMkara yA sAdhu ke smAraka rUpa meM usake sAdhanA, nirvANa yA samAdhisthala Adi para caraNa-cihroM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai| 1. 'nAgena tuGgacarito vRSato vRSAtmA siMhena vikramadhano rmyaadhikshriiH| sragbhyAM dhRtazca zirasA zazinA klamacchit sUryeNa dIpti mahito jhaSataH surUpaH // kalyANabhAkkalazataH sarasaH sarastI gmbhiirdhiiruddhinaasntstRdiishH| devAhivAsamaNirAzyanalaiH pratIta-devoragAgama-guNodgama-karmadAhaH // ' -munisuvratakAvya, sa. tIna, pa. 28-29 aura bhI de.- (a) mahApurANa (AdipurANa), parva 12, pa. 155 aura aage| (ba) candraprabhacarita, sa. 16, pa. 63 / (sa) paMca maMgala pATha : bR. jinavANI saMgraha, pR. 52 / 2. de. kalpasUtra : yAkobI sampA., sUtra tIna, pR. 2191 3. de.-vahI, sUtra 31-46, pR. 229-381 4. de.-(a) mahApurANa (AdipurANa), parva 12, zloka 101-19 / (ba) harivaMzapurANa, sa. ATha, zlo. 58-741 5. digambara jaina budhUvyA kA mandira, bar3A bAjAra, sAgara kI dUsarI maMjila ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra para / isa dvAra ke pratIkAMkanoM ke varNana Adi ke lie de.-paM. gopIlAla amara : eka pratIkAMkita dvAra : anekAnta, va. 22, ki. do., pR. 60-611 6. aisA eka phalaka zrI pANDyA gRha, pATana (uttara gujarAta) meM surakSita hai| 7. de.-(a) jaina citra kalpadruma, AkRti 73 / (ba) Ananda ke. kumArasvAmI : kaiTalAga oNfa dI iNDiyana kalekzaMsa ina dI myujiyama oNfa fAina ArTsa, ji. 4 (bosTana, 1924), citra 13-14 / (sa) citra kalpadruma, citra 17 aura 22 / 8. kalekzaMsa oNfa pravartaka zrI kAntivijaya : je. Ai. esa.o.e. : jilda pA~ca, pR. 2-12 evaM sambandhita citrphlk| 9. NirayAvaliyAo (ahamadAvAda, 1934), do. eka, pR. 51 para ullikhita / mUrtikalA :: 201

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devagar3ha meM caraNa pAdukAoM ke aMkana tIna sthAnoM para prApta hue haiN| maM. saM. sAta (citra 10) meM sthApita eka yugala caraNa pAdukA (citra saMkhyA 12 ) para saM. 1963 kA abhilekha bhI utkIrNa hai / isI mandira meM bAraha yugala - caraNa pAdukAoM se aMkita ( de. citra saMkhyA 12 ) eka aura zilAphalaka sthita hai, jise parvata kI upatyakA meM kisI dhvasta jaina mandira se prApta kiyA gayA thaa| caraNa pAdukAoM ke ina bAraha yugaloM se anumAna hotA hai ki isI ke samAna eka anya zilAphalaka bhI rahA hogA aura isa prakAra kalAkAra ne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI caraNa pAdukAe~ do zilAphalakoM para utkIrNa kI hoMgI, jaisA ki usane kucha caubIsiyoM ke mUrtyaMkana meM bhI kiyA hai / ' eka yugala-caraNa pAdukA maM. saM. cAra kI gumaTI ke uttara-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa hai| nava-graha : devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM navagrahoM kA aMkana dvAroM aura tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke atirikta devI - mUrtiyoM ke sAtha bhI huA hai / 1 inake sambandha meM caturtha adhyAya meM pratIkAtmaka deva - deviyoM ke sandarbha meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai / zArdUla : zArdUloM kA aMkana sajjAgata tattvoM ke antargata hotA AyA hai| devagar3ha meM inheM utanI lokapriyatA prApta nahIM huI jitanI khajurAho Adi meM, yadyapi vividhatA kI dRSTi se devagar3ha pIche nahIM hai / pazu-AkRti para manuSya, zArdUla, siMha, hAthI, azva, gardabha Adi ke mastaka yahA~ dikhAye gaye haiM / " devagar3ha meM zArdUla ke pichale pairoM ke pAsa aura agale pairoM kI lapeTa meM eka manuSyAkRti dikhatI hai aura usa ( zArdUla) ke pRSThabhAga para usakA niyamana karatI huI ( kabhI koI Ayudha dhAraNa kiye hue) dUsarI manuSyAkRti dikhatI hai / pratIta hotA hai ki zArdUla vAsanAoM kA pratIka hai aura nIcevAlI mAnavAkRti vyasanI puruSa kI, jo vAsanAoM ke caMgula meM par3a cukA hai / kintu saMyamI evaM indriya-vijetA puruSa, jisakA pratIka UparavAlI mAnavAkRti hai, vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kara rahA hai / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra zArdUla kA isa prakAra kA aMkana vizuddha AlaMkArika prayoga hai / makaramukha : makaramukha kA aMkana sajjAgata tattvoM ke antargata hotA hai / ye 1. bAraha mUrtiyoM se aMkita eka zilAphalaka sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / 2. de. - citra saM. chaha, 18, 19-20, 35 Adi / 3. de. - citra saM. 51, 63, 68 Adi / 4. jaina cahAradIvArI kI uttarI bahirbhitti meM jar3I huI eka devI mUrti meM bhI navagraha aMkita haiM / 5. de. - maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha kA praveza dvAra / kucha zArdUla AkRtiyA~ citra saM. 22 meM koSThakoM kI bAyIM ora bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| isa aMkana meM gajamukha zArdUla vizeSa AkarSaka hai| yahA~ kI kucha tIrthakara mUrti - phalakoM para bhI zArdUloM kA aMkana huA hai| de. - citra saM. 51, 52 aadi| inameM azvamukha zArdUla darzanIya haiN| 202 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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prAyaH praNAlikAoM ke mukha para banAye jAte haiM, jinameM se jala kI dhArA bahA karatI hai| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM isa sajjA-tattva kA upayoga pracuratA se huA hai| isakI AkRtiyA~ aneka dvAra-dehariyoM ke madhya meM tathA kucha stambhoM para bhI milatI haiN| maM. saM. ATha ke maNDapa meM eka atyanta kalApUrNa makaramukha rakhA huA hai| kIrtimukha : kIrtimukha bhI eka sajjAtattva hai| isakA aMkana stambhoM, toraNoM aura koSThakoM Adi para hotA hai| kIrtimukhoM se mAlAe~, lar3iyA~ tathA zrRMkhalAe~ Adi jhUlatI huI dikhAyI jAtI haiN| devagar3ha meM ye paryApta mAtrA meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| inake mukhoM se lar3iyA~, zRMkhalAe~ Adi jhUlatI huI aMkita kI gayI haiN| kIcaka : kIcaka kA aMkana bhI sajjAgata tattvoM ke antargata hotA hai| isakA Alekhana aise manuSya kI AkRti meM hotA hai, jo stambha-zIrSoM para baiThakara apanI pITha para samUcI chata kA bhAra vahana kara rahA ho| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM isakA aMkana isI rUpa meM atyanta sundaratA se kiyA gayA hai| gaMgA-yamunA tathA nAga-nAgI : gaMgA-yamunA aura nAga-nAgI' ke aMkana bhI devagar3ha meM pracuratA aura mohaka mudrAoM meM hue haiN| ye adhikatara mandiroM ke dvAra-pakSoM para aMkita haiN| inake sambandha meM caturtha adhyAya meM pratIkAtmaka deva-deviyoM ke prasaMga meM vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana aura deva-deviyoM ke vAhana devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM tathA deva-deviyoM ke vAhanoM ke rUpa meM svastika, candra, zaMkha, vRkSa Adi prAkRtika tattvoM, cakravAka, mayUra, haMsa, garur3a Adi pakSiyoM evaM vRSabha, gaja, azva, bandara, hiraNa, siMha Adi pazuoM ke vividha aura sundara pratIkAMkana bhI darzanIya haiN| 12. pazu-pakSI tathA anya jIva-jantu pazu-pakSI tathA anya jIva-jantu devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM serona aura khajurAho kI bhA~ti vizeSa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie utkIrNa nahIM kiye gaye haiM, tathApi yahA~ 1. de.-citra saM. 43 se 45 taka tathA vibhinna mAnastambha aadi| 2. de.-citra saM. 16 / citra saM. 43 meM madhyavartI stambha (saM. tIna) para bhI kIcaka ke sundara Alekhana dekhe jA sakate haiN| 3. de.-maM. saM. 5 (2), 9, 11 (2), 12 (2), 15 (2), 16, 18 (2), 19, 20, 23, 24, 28, 31 tathA laghu mandira saM. 4 / aura bhI de.-citra saM. 6-7, 18, 21, 33, 35 aadi| 4. nAga-nAgiyoM ke aMkana prAyaH gaMgA-yamunA ke sAtha hue haiN| mUrtikalA :: 203

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tIrthaMkaroM ke cihna, deva - deviyoM ke vAhana, bhittiyoM, dvAroM, gavAkSoM, stambhoM evaM siMhAsanoM Adi ke alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM unake aneka aMkana dRSTigata hote haiM / (a) pazu siMha : siMhAsanoM para siMhoM ke aMkana kI paddhati atyanta vyApaka aura prAcIna hai| siMha prabala zakti aura prabhutva kA pratIka mAnA jAtA rahA hai| usa para AsIna honA aura bhI adhika balavattA evaM prabhutva kA paricAyaka hai| isIlie mahAn vibhUtiyoM ke AsanoM para siMha kA aMkana eka Avazyaka tathya bana gayA / yaha tathya itanA adhika pracalita huA ki usake kAraNa 'siMhAsana' zabda Asana kA paryAyavAcI bana gayA; jisa Asana para siMha nahIM hotA, use bhI siMhAsana kahA jAne lagA / devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM siMhoM kA aMkana hAthiyoM se bhI adhika bhavyatA se kiyA gayA hai| kabhI ve donoM dvandva yuddha kara rahe hote haiM to kabhI paraspara sneha krIr3A meM magna dikhAye jAte haiM / 1 solaha-maMgala-svapnoM meM to siMha kA aMkana huA hI hai| mahAvIra svAmI ke cihna ke rUpa meM bhI yaha Alikhita hai / siMhoM kA aMkana vRSabha yA hariNa ke sAtha bhI huA hai| isakA uddezya tIrthaMkara ke ahiMsAmaya dharma kI prabhAvanA rahI hogii| isa dRSTi se vaha dRzya atyadhika prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3A hai jisameM eka siMhI, eka gAya aura una donoM ke bacce eka sAtha utkIrNa kiye haiM / " ambikA yakSI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM use vibhinna rUpoM meM sau se bhI adhika sthAnoM ( mUrtiphalakoM) para dekhA jA sakatA hai / " hAthI : hAthiyoM ke mUrtyAMkana bhI devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM bahuta milate haiM / siMhoM ke sAtha aura dvitIya tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM 10 unheM dekhA 1. devagar3ha ke siMhAsanoM ke lie de. - citra saM. 52, 53, 57-61, 66-67, 71, 74, 98 Adi / 2. maM. saM. 4, 5, 11, 12, 23 Adi ke dvAroM para / 3. de. - citra saM. 18, 35 Adi / 4. de. maM. saM. 4, 5, 11 ( donoM khaNDoM ke dvAra), 23 Adi ke dvAra / aura bhI de. - citra saM. 6, 35 Adi / 5. de. - citra saM. 19 / 6. maM. saM. 10 ke madhyavartI stambhoM para tathA maM. saM. 20 evaM di. jaina caityAlaya Adi meM sthita mUrtiyoM para / 7. yaha mUrtiphalaka maM. saM. 11 kI pahalI maMz2ila ke garbhagRha meM sthita hai / 8. de. - citra saM. 63, 103, 105 aura 109 Adi / 9. de. - citra saM. 6-7, 18, 35 Adi / 10. isa tIrthaMkara kI aneka mUrtiyA~ vibhinna mandiroM evaM jaina cahAradIvArI meM to prApta hotI hI haiM, maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra ke siradala (madhya meM) para utkIrNa bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| 204 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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jA sakatA hai / parantu isa vizAlakAya prANI ko tIrthaMkara ke aSTa-prAtihAryoM ke sAtha mAlAe~ dhAraNa kiye aura kalazoM se jaladhArA chor3ate hue dikhAkara kalAkAra ne eka navIna udbhAvanA prastuta kI hai| vastutaH aSTa prAtihAryoM ke antargata yA unake sAtha hAthiyoM ke aMkana kA koI zAstrIya vidhAna dRSTigata nahIM hotA, tathApi unakA yaha aMkana svAbhAvika aura bhavya hI pratIta hotA hai| tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hAthiyoM kA yaha aMkana dekhakara vicAra karanA par3atA hai ki kahIM aisA to nahIM ki jaina kalAmarmajJa ne 'gajalakSmI ko aMkita karAne kA lobha isa rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA ho / solaha-maMgala-svapnoM meM isakA prabhAvazAlI aMkana huA hai| tathA tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ke paryaMkAsana meM bhI isakA Alekhana sundaratA aura bhavyatA ke sAtha huA hai / " vRSabha : vRSabha kA aMkana devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM prathama tIrthaMkara ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM tathA solaha-maMgala-svapnoM ke antargata milatA hai / azva : azva kA Alekhana yahA~ kI kalA meM tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM huA hai| # zArdUla : anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI zArdUloM kA aMkana unake vAstavika rUpa meM kama aura paurANika rUpoM meM adhika kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, usake vibhinna rUpoM ke aMkana sajjAgata tattvoM ke antargata hue haiM / usake zarIra para zArdUla, siMha, hAthI, azva aura gardabha Adi ke mastaka dikhAye gaye haiN| hariNa : hariNa kA aMkana yahA~ solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM tathA siMha ke sAtha milatA hai / " bandara : devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM bandara ( vAnara) kA Alekhana cauthe tIrthaMkara abhinandananAtha ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / " 1. de. - citra saM. 51, 52, 74 Adi / 2. de. - citra saM. 71, 72 Adi / evaM maM. saM. cAra Adi meM isa prakAra ke aMkana yukta aneka mUrtiphalaka dekhe jA sakate haiN| 3. sA~cI aura bharahuta meM gajalakSmI kI aneka mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, jinase spaSTa hai ki I.pU. dvitIya- prathama zatI se isa prakAra ke aMkana hone lage the / 4. de. - citra saM. 191 5. de. citra saM. 93 | 6. de. - citra saM. 56, 60, 67, 74, 75 Adi / 7. de. - citra saM. 191 8. maM. saM. dasa meM madhyavartI stambha para / 9. de. - citra saM. 51, 52, 57 Adi tathA vibhinna mandiroM ke dvAra / 10. maM. saM. dasa ke madhya, stambha ke atirikta maM. saM. 31 ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para to isa lAMchana sahita tIrthakara - mUrti utkIrNa haiM hI, vibhinna mandiroM meM bhI aisI mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| 11. de. - citra saM. 581 mUrtikalA :: 205

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kuttA : yahA~ kuttA (kukkura ) kA aMkana kSetrapAla ke vAhana ke rUpa meM hI milA hai / ' (ba) pakSI devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM vibhinna pakSiyoM ke aMkana milate haiM / inameM garur3a (citra saMkhyA 99, 100 aura 111 ), mayUra (citra saMkhyA 76 aura 112 ), haMsa ( citra saMkhyA 96), aura cakravAka (citra saMkhyA 56 ) ullekhanIya haiN| inake aMkana prAyaH vAhanoM aura lAMchanoM ke rUpa meM hue haiN| sabhI Alekhana bahuta AkarSaka haiM / ( sa ) anya jIva-jantu sarpa : sarpa, jo teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke sAtha unake pUrva-bhava se hI sambaddha rahA hai, yahA~ zatazaH aMkita huA hai| 2 pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA vaha eka avibhAjya aMga-sA bana gayA hai| mathurA kI kuSANa kAlIna mUrtiyoM meM bhI vaha dekhA jA sakatA hai aura aba nirmita honevAlI mUrtiyoM meM bhI usakI upasthiti darzAyI jAtI hai / yahA~ vaha apane sazakta sAta phaNoM kI avali tAne hue saMsAra ke AtatAyiyoM ko lalakAratA huA-sA pratIta hotA hai / usakI kuNDalI apane upAsya kA kabhI Asana', kabhI pRSThavartI upadhAna' aura kabhI donoM banakara tathA kabhI donoM pAvoM meM aMgarakSaka ke rUpa meM upasthita rahakara apUrva bhakti kI sRSTi karatI hai| paramparAgata rUpa meM hI sarpa sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha ke mastaka para pA~ca phaNoM kI avali phailAye dikhAyA jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI vaha dharaNendra - padmAvatI para bhI apanI phaNAvali tAne rahatA hai| nAga - mithuna ke rUpa meM bhI isake darzana hote haiM / " aura kabhI-kabhI vaha tapasyA-rata bAhubalI ke zarIra para bhI reMga jAtA hai / " 1 1. de. - citra saM. 113 / 2. kucha ke lie de. - citra saM. 55, 56, 63, 69, 70711 3. de. - citra saM. 56, 69, 70, 71 Adi / 4. de. - citra saM. 71 / 5. de. - citra saM. 69, 701 6. de. - citra saM. 55 | 7. de. - citra saM. 8 meM supArzvanAtha / 8. de. - citra saM. 107 se 110 taka tathA 112 | 9. de. - vibhinna mandiroM ke dvAra pakSoM para gaMgA-yamunA ke pArzva meM nAga - nAgI muurtiyaaN| aura bhI de. - citra saM. 6-7, 33 aadi| 10. de. - citra saM. 86 se 88 taka / 206 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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goha : tapasyA-rata bAhubalI ke zarIra para anya viSaile jantuoM ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI goha bhI car3hA huA aMkita kiyA gayA hai| ___ makara : makara ke aMkana gaMgA ke vAhana aura makaramukhoM ke rUpa meM yahA~ bahuta milate haiN| kacchapa : kacchapa kA Alekhana yamunA ke vAhana ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| matsya : matsya-yugala solaha maMgala-svapnoM ke antargata aMkita huA hai|' chipakalI : chipakalI ko bAhubalI ke zarIra para car3hA huA utkIrNa kiyA gayA vRzcika : yahA~ vRzcika bhI bAhubalI ke zarIra para reMgate hue milate haiN|' 13. Asana aura mudrAe~ devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM AsanoM aura mudrAoM kA Alekhana AnuSaMgika rUpa meM huA hai, khajurAho Adi kI bhA~ti uddezyapUrvaka nhiiN| isakA kAraNa kadAcit yahI ho sakatA hai ki devagar3ha kauloM aura kApAlikoM ke prabhAva se prAyaH mukta rahA, jinakI uttAnabhogavAdI nIti ke phalasvarUpa khajurAho, koNArka aura bhuvanezvara kI Asana-pradhAna evaM mudrAvahula kalA kA vistAra huaa| tathApi devagar3ha meM kucha aisI mudrAe~ aura Asana prApta hote haiM, jo anyatra kadAcit hI prApta hoNge| udAharaNa ke lie upAdhyAya vitarka mudrA meM tathA tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ardha-paryaMkAsana meM utkIrNa kI gayI haiN| (a) Asana yahA~ tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ niyamAnusAra padmAsana' aura kAyotsargAsana10 meM utkIrNa 1. de.-citra saM. 88 / 2. de.-citra saM. 6, 7, 18 aadi| 3. de.-citra saM. 6, 7, 18, 21, 33 aadi| 4. de.-citra saM. 19-20 / 5. de.--citra saM. 861 6. de.-citra saM. 87 / 7. de.-citra saM. 741 8. de.-citra saM. 931 9. kucha padmAsana mUrtiyoM ke lie de.-citra saM. 50-54, 57, 60, 61, 66, 67, 71, 72, 74 Adi / 10. kucha kAyotsagasina mUrtiyoM ke lie de.-citra saM. 55, 56, 58-60, 62-65, 68-70, 72, 73, 75, 76 aadi| mUrtikalA :: 207

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huI haiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ ardhapadmAsana' meM bhI prApta hotI haiM / deva deviyoM ke aMkana meM ardha-padmAsana, utthita padmAsana, lalitAsana, rAjalIlAsana, ardha- paryaMkAsana' Adi kA upayoga huA hai| (ba) mudrAe~ 8 devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM mudrAoM ke antargata vitarka," dharmopadeza,' nAsAgra, tribhaMga, 10 kaTihasta, " AliMgana, 12 sambhoga, 13 varada, 14 abhaya Adi mudrAe~ mukhya rUpa se aMkita prApta hotI haiM / aMjali, 14. prakRti citraNa vindhyAcala kI ardha-vRttAkRti parvatamAlA kI harI-bharI goda meM gaganacumbI mandiroM ko sa~joye, kala-kala ninAdinI vetravatI ke AliMgana se AhlAdita devagar3ha kI vasundharA parvata - nandinI gaurI kA smaraNa dilAtI hai, jo parvatarAja himAlaya kI goda meM gaganacumbI kailAsa ke samIpa gaMgA se prakSAlita-caraNA hotI huI khela rahI ho / devagar3ha kA kalAkAra deva - zAstra aura mUrti - vijJAna ke rUr3ha niyamoM se suparicita avazya thA, parantu prakRti kI ramaNIya rUparAzi kA rasika bhI vaha avazya thA / usakI isa 1. aisI kucha mUrtiyA~ jaina cahAradIvArI meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| 2. de. - citra saM. 83, 112, 113 Adi / 3. de. - citra saM. 99, 100, 111 Adi / 108-110 Adi 1 4. de. - citra saM. 5. de. - citra saM. 93 | 6. de. - citra saM. 84 aura 85 / 7. de. - citra saM. 83 1 8. de. - citra saM. 51-60, 67-69, 71-72, 74 Adi / 9. de. - citra saM. 77 meM pIche khar3A sAdhu, citra 78 meM pIche khar3e sAdhu tathA citra 122 meM vinIta zrAvaka / 10. de. - citra saM. 59 meM kamaladhArI deva, tathA citra 52, 61, 64, 74 meM caMvaradhArI evaM vibhinna mandiroM ke dvAroM para gaMgA-yamunA ke aMkana aura bhI de. - citra saM. 103 104 105 Adi / 11. de. - citra saM. 101, 112, 117 Adi / 119, 121 Adi tathA citra 90 kA nicalA koSThaka / 12. de. - citra saM. 13. de. - citra saM. 14. de. - citra saM. 19, 20, 76, 95 Adi / 120 meM UparI prathama koSThaka / 15. de. - citra saM. 99, 100 evaM caturtha a. meM vidyA- deviyoM kA varNana / 208 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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abhinandanIya vizeSatA kA paricaya hameM usake dvArA kalA-pradarzana ke lie cune gaye sthAna ko dekhakara milatA hai| dharmopadezakoM aura kalA-premiyoM ne avazya hI usakI abhiruci ke pariSkAra meM paryApta sahayoga diyA thA / eka vizAla samatala bhUbhAga ke madhya madhyamAkAra parvatamAlA para apanI pariSkRta kalA-zailI kA udghATana karake kalAkAra phUlA na samAyA hogA / kabhI larajatI - garajatI, kabhI uchalatI-bahakatI aura kabhI proSitapatikA kI bhA~ti kSINa-zarIrA vetravatI kalAkAra ke lie sau-sau protsAhana detI hogii| aisA anupama - kSetra, aisA siddhahasta kalAkAra aura kalA pradarzana kA lakSya trilokInAtha tIrthaMkara, sabhI kucha aba adbhuta aura apUrva dRzya kI sRSTi krnevaale| to Aie, hama isa sRSTi kI prAkRtika suSamA para eka ur3atI najara hI DAleM / tIrthaMkara kI mAtA dvArA dekhe gaye solaha maMgala - svapnoM ke aMkana meM kalAkAra ko prakRti ke vibhinna rUpa prastuta karane kA acchA avasara milA hai| gyArahaveM svapna meM uttAla taraMgoM se yukta samudra aura dasaveM meM kamalAcchanna padmAkara kA aMkana prabhAvotpAdaka hai / sarovara meM aThakheliyA~ karatA huA matsya yugala, lakSmI kA abhiSeka karatA huA gaja-yugala aura battIsa zuNDA daNDoM ko AkAza meM laharAtA huA airAvata dekhate hI banatA hai / udIyamAna sUrya, pUrNAkAra candra, ur3Ana bharatA huA divya vimAna aura nayanAbhirAma nAgendra bhavana alaukika chaTA bikhera rahe haiM / ratnajaTita siMhAsana, prakAzamAna ratnarAzi, jAjvalyamAna nirdhUmAgni aura mAlAoM se zobhAyamAna vRkSa sundara bana par3e haiM / aura ina sabake prArambha meM vizAlAkAra gaja, dhavala - varNa vRSabha aura vanarAja siMha apane sampUrNa bala - vaibhava kA pradarzana kara rahe haiN| I azoka-vRkSa,' AmravRkSa' aura kalpavRkSa ke aMkana meM kalAkAra ne prazaMsanIya saphalatA prApta kI hai| ambikA ke kara-kamala se lambamAna Amra - gucchaka, aura bAhubalI ko AliMgana - pAza meM liye latAe~," kalA kI utkRSTa koTi ko pradarzita kara rahI haiM / patrAvaliyoM, kamalAkRtiyoM aura kamaladaloM ke alaMkaraNa sUkSmatA se aMkita hue haiN| 1. de. - citra saM. 19-201 2. de. - citra saM 84 / 3. de. - amvikA - mUrtiyA~, citra 103-105, 109 Adi / 4. maM. saM. 12 Adi ke praveza dvAroM kI deharI para madhya meM ubhArI gayI vRkSAkRtiyoM ko kalpavRkSa (sthAnIya stara para ) kahA jAtA t 5. de. - citra saM. 63, 103-105 tathA 109 Adi / 6. de. - citra saM. 861 7. de. - citra saM. 16, 35, 48, 90, 114-15 Adi / 8. de. - citra saM. 30, 76 Adi / 9. de. - citra saM. 1 / / mUrtikalA : 209

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bAhubalI ke zarIra para aMkita latAe~, sarpa, vRzcika aura chipakaliyA~' hameM anAyAsa hI unake prati bhakti se abhibhUta kara detI haiN| prakRti kI goda meM vRkSoM ke nIce cala rahe gurukula, janmajAta vaira tyAgakara hila-mila jAnevAlI siMhI aura gAya tathA unake vacce, evaM paraspara sneha-krIr3A karanevAle gaja-siMha, devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM nizcaya hI prakRti kA yathArtha svarUpa prastuta karate haiN| 15. upasaMhAra ina caturtha aura paMcama adhyAyoM meM hamane devagar3ha kI kucha ullekhanIya mUrtiyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| hama sabhI mUrtiyoM kA ullekha nahIM kara sake haiM : kyoMki unameM se adhikAMza khaNDita ho gayI haiM aura kucha ullikhita mUrtiyoM se koI vizeSatA nahIM rkhtiiN| kucha mUrtiyA~ curA lI gayI hoMgI tathA kucha bhUgarbha meM par3I kisI purAtattvavettA kI kudAla kI pratIkSA kara rahI hoNgii| tathApi hamane jina mUrtiyoM kA adhyayana yahA~ prastuta kiyA hai, ve kalA ke vibhinna vikAsa-kramoM aura pahaluoM kA paryApta pratinidhitva karatI haiM isa adhyayana meM deva-zAstroM, sAhityika aura paurANika ullekhoM tathA paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai, anyatra upalabdha jaina, vauddha aura vaidika mUrtiyoM se yathAsambhava tulanA kI bhI gayI hai| 1. de.-citra saM. 86 / 2. de.-citra saM. 86-88 / 3. de.-citra saM. 871 4. de.-citra saM. 86 / 5.de.--citra saM. 6.35 aadi| 210 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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dhArmika jIvana smArakoM, abhilekhoM aura anya srotoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki devagar3ha meM jaina, vaiSNava tathA zaiva dharma samAna rUpa se vikAsa pAte rhe| jaina dharma kA prabhAva yahA~ bahuta prAcIna kAla se prArambha hokara abataka cala rahA hai| vaiSNava aura zaiva dharmoM kA prArambha guptakAla se huA aura satrahavIM zatI taka claa| jainoM ne parvata kI suramya adhityakA ko to apanI nirmANasthalI banAyA hI, upatyakA para bhI kucha mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| ____ adhityakA para ke adhikAMza mandira prAyaH acchI sthiti meM haiM, parantu upatyakA para eka bhI smAraka dharAzAyI hue binA nahIM rahA hai| unake avazeSa prApta hote haiN| kadAcit kinhIM AkramaNakAriyoM ne upatyakA ke mandiroM, jinameM zaiva aura vaiSNava bhI sammilita the, ko naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyA aura adhityakA para yA to ve kisI kAraNa se pahu~ca nahIM sake yA vahA~ bhI smArakoM ke hone kA unheM parijJAna nahIM thaa| jaina dharma kA pracAra devagar3ha meM payApta rahA, yaha to vidyamAna srotoM se bhalIbhA~ti prakaTa hotA hai para unase yaha prakaTa nahIM hotA ki vaha pracAra kisa rUpa meM rhaa| smArakoM kI vizAlatA aura vipulatA, mUrtiyoM kI kalAtmakatA aura adhikatA tathA abhilekhoM kI bar3I saMkhyA se dhArmika prabhAvanA kI adhikatA kA bodha to hotA hai, para unase yaha nahIM jAnA jA sakatA ki vaha prabhAvanA samAja meM kina vibhinna rUpoM meM sthAna pAtI thii| mUrtiyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM aura yakSa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kA bahuta bar3A anupAta hai, para khajurAho tathA aise hI anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti yahA~ jana-jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM kA aMkana bahuta hI kama huA hai| isI prakAra abhilekhoM meM bhI mandiroM ke nirmANa aura mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA ke atirikta kisI anya anuSThAna yA dhArmika-prabhAvanA 1. upatyakA kI adhikAMza sAmagrI idhara-udhara tathA adhityakA para le jAyI jA cukI hai tathApi usake avazeSa apane mUlasthAna para dekhe jA sakate haiN| dhArmika jIvana :: 211

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Adi kI carcA nagaNya hai| phalataH, vibhinna yugoM meM devagar3ha meM jaina dharma kisa gati se aura kisa rUpa meM vikasita huA, yaha spaSTa rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 1. dhArmika jIvana ke pratinidhi sAdhu samudAya devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ kA sAdhvarga zrAvakoM para acchA prabhAva rakhatA thaa| sthAna-sthAna para zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI vinaya yA upAsanA karate hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai|' sAdhuvarga svayaM bhI prabuddha thaa| vaha apanA samaya adhyayana, manana aura adhyApana meM hI vyatIta karatA thaa| hAtha meM grantha liye hue upAdhyAya parameSThI ko sAdhuoM ke samakSa upadeza dete hue aMkita kiyA jAnA devagar3ha meM sAdhAraNa bAta hai| aneka sthAnoM para sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko upAdhyAya yA AcArya parameSThI kI upAsanA karate hue aMkita darzAyA gayA hai| bhaTTAraka devagar3ha meM bhaTTArakoM kA pracAra aura prabhAva apanI carama sImA para pahu~cA rahA pratIta hotA hai| jaisA ki anyatra bhI huA hai, devagar3ha meM bhI bhaTTArakoM ke kAraNa eka ora jaina dharma ko surakSA aura prabhAvanA kA varadAna milA, to dUsarI ora ADambarapriyatA aura bhautikatA kA abhizApa bhI milaa| aisI pravRttiyA~ tatkAlIna bhArata meM sarvadezIya aura sabhI dharmoM meM parilakSita hotI haiN| zaiva-paramparA meM kaula aura kApAlika sampradAya AdhyAtmika koTi ke nahIM the| aise loga camatkAra-pradarzana, bhogavilAsa aura bhautikavAda kI pravRttiyoM meM adhika vizvAsa rakhate the, mandiroM meM bhI sambhoga kI vastue~ upalabdha karAte the| khajurAho, bher3AghATa aura koNArka meM inake kendra the| kAzmIra meM to inakI paramparA aba bhI upalabdha hotI hai| dakSiNa bhArata, rAjasthAna aura anya bahuta-se sthAnoM ke bhaTTArakoM ne grantha-racanA aura zAstrabhaNDAroM kI surakSA ke mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye, kintu devagar3ha meM na to unake 1. de.-citra saM. 22, 77 se 83 taka, 86, 88, 90, 91 tathA stambha saM. 3, 1| aadi| 2. de.-AcArya-upAdhyAyoM kI mUrtiyA~ tathA vibhinna pAThazAlA dRzya / citra saM. 75 aura 77 se 85 tk| 3. de.-vibhinna pAThazAlA dRzya tathA citra saM. 77 se 82 taka evaM 85 / 4. vistAra ke lie de.--pro. kRSNadatta bAjapeyI : madhyapradeza kA aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika anuzIlana, buleTina Afa aiMzyaMTa iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa AyolAjI, saMkhyA / (sAgara, 1967 I.), pR. 871 212 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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dvArA saMgRhIta zAstra-bhaNDAra upalabdha huA hai aura na unake dvArA racita grantha hI kahIM dikhAI par3e haiM / suvidhA kI dRSTi se, yahA~ jaina dharma ko muni dharma aura zrAvaka dharma ke do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kareMge aura tatpazcAt vicAra kareMge ki devagar3ha meM unakA pracAra kina rUpoM meM aura kahA~ taka rhaa| 2. bhaTTAraka prathA kA AvirbhAva munivarga, jisameM AcArya aura upAdhyAya bhI sammilita haiM, kA devagar3ha meM upalabdha tathA anya sahAyaka srotoM se mUlyAMkana karane ke lie yaha dekheMge ki jaina dharma kI digambara paramparA meM muni-dharma kA vikAsa kisa prakAra huaa| isake sAtha hI yaha bhI dekheMge ki bhaTTArakavarga, jo aba bhI yatra-tatra vidyamAna hai, munivarga se kisa prakAra AvirbhUta huA aura usane apane ko zrAvaka varga kI apekSA munivarga meM yA usake samIpatara hI parigaNita karAnA kyoM Avazyaka samajhA / mUlasaMgha aura usapara kAla - doSa kA prabhAva nivRtti - pradhAna jainadharma meM mukti ke sAdhaka, gRhatyAgI, tapasvI, zramaNa sAdhuoM kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se hai / isake mUlasaMgha meM aise muniyoM kA samudAya thA jo zAstrokta muni-caritra kA pAlana karatA thA / isa samudAya meM dharasena,' bhUtabalI, 1. dharasena se lekara guNabhadra taka ke AcAryoM ke vistRta aura prAmANika paricaya ke lie de. - ( a ) dharasena 1 ) SaTkhaM. : DaoN. hI. lA. jaina, sampA. ( amarAvatI, 1939), jilda 1, prastA., pR. 13-15, 23-31 / 2) DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina : prA. sA. i. ( vArANasI, 1961 I.), pR. 274-88 / paM. kailAzacandra zA. : jai. dha., pR. 24614) DaoN. hI. lA. jaina bhA. saM. jai. yo., pR: 53, 74, 821 5) paM. paramAnanda zA. kASThA saMgha lATa bAgaDa gaNa kI gurvAvalI, ane., va. 15, ki 3, pR. 135-37 | (ba) bhUtabali 1) SaTkhaM., jilda 1, pra. pR. 17-21 | 2) prA.sA. i., pR. 247 / 4) bhA. saM. jai.yo., pR. 32, 42, 53, 74 1 5 ) ane., va. 15 (sa) puSpadanta 1 ) SaTkhaM., ji. 1, pra. pR. 17-21 1 2 ) prA. sA. i., pR. 98, 148, 274, 279 tathA 324 / 3 ) jai. dha. pR. 247 1 4 ) bhA. saM. jai. yo. pR. 53 aura 7415) ane., va. 15 ki. 3, pR. 137 1 (da) kundakunda 1 ) SaTkhaM, ji. 1, pra. pR. 31, 46-48 / 2) prA. sA. i., pR. 297-30213) pravacanasAra, DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye sampAdita ( bambaI, 1935 I.), pra. pR. 22 1 4 ) jai. dha., pR. 247-48 1 5) paM. kailAzacandra zA. : jai. nyA. (kAzI, 1966 I.), pR. 6-8 1 6 ) samayasAra : je. ela. jainI sampA., a~garejI (lakhanaU 1930), bhUmikA, pR. 1-8 17 ) samayasAra : e. cakravartI sampA. (a~garejI), (kAzI, 1950 I.), bhU. pR. 147-50 / 8 ) mukhtAra jugalakizora jai.sA.i.vi.pra. dhArmika jIvana :: 213 289-93 1 3) jai. dha., pR. ki. 3, pR. 137 1

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puSpadanta, kundakunda, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra Adi aneka ullekhanIya muni hue| tatpazcAt kAla-doSa se mUlasaMgha meM zreSTha muni birale raha gye| (kalakattA, 1956 I.), lekha saM. 6 aura 71 9) bhA.saM. jai. yo., pR. 83-85, 98-105 1 10) DaoN. hI.lA. jaina : jai. zi.saM., bhAga 1, pR. 128-30, 140 / 11) pro. dalasukha, mAla. : jai. dA.sA.siMha. (banArasa, 1949 I.), pR. 71 12) DaoN. baladeva upA. bhA.da. (vArANasI, 1960 I.), pR. 1191 13) vAcaspati gairolA : saM. sA.i. (vArANasI, 1960 I.), pR. 262 1 14) pro. rAjakumAra jaina : adhyAtma padA. (kAzI, 1954 I.), bhU.. 70-75 / (i) umAsvAmI 1) paM. nAthUrAma premI : jai. sA. i. (bambaI, 1956), pR. 525-547 1 2) paM. sukhalAla saMghavI : ta. sU. (banArasa, 1952), pa. pa. 1-33 1 3) bhA. saM. jai. yo., pR. 85-86, 108-10 1 4) jai.zi. saM. bhAga 1, pR. 1 tathA 140 / 5) jai.dA.sA.si., pR. 7-101 6) paM. phUlacandra zA. : sarvArthasiddhi (kAzI, 1955I.), pR. 57-801 7) saM. sA.i., pR. 255-56 tathA 262 1 8) adhyAtma padA., bhU. pR. 75-7619) bhA.da., pR. 118-19 1 10) je. dha., pa. 248 | 11) jai. nyA., pR. 8|12) muni kAntisAgara : khoja kI pagaDaNDiyA~ (kAzI, 1953 I.), pR. 246-471 13) jai. sA.i. vi. pra., lekha saM. 8 se 11 tk| (I) samantabhadra 1) paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra : svAmI samantabhadra (vambaI, 1925I.), sampUrNa grantha / 2) paM. jugala, mu. : jai.sA.i.vi.pra., lekha saM. 12 se 23 tk| 3) paM. jugala. mu.: samIcIna dharmazAstra, (dillI, 1955 I.), pR. 94, 1191 4) je. sA.i., pR. 554-58 / 5) paM. nA.rA. premI : vidvadratna namAlA (bambaI, 1912 I.), pR. 159-741 6) bhA.saM. jai.yo..pra. 87-88, 11317) jai. zi. saM., bhA. 1, pR. 14118) pro. daravArIlAla koThiyA : devAgama aparanAma AptamImAMsA (dillI, 1967 I.), pra. pR. 37-48 / 9) samantabhadra : stutividyA, paM. pannAlAla sAhityA. anUdita (sahAranapura, 1950), bhU.pR. 18-26 1 10) ja.dha., pR. 248-49 1 11) jai. nyA., pR. 4-21 / 12) jai. dA.sA. siM., pR. 15-171 13) saM.sA. i., pR. 2631 14) ane., va. 15, ki. 3, pa. 1371 u) vIrasena 1) SaTkhaM, jilda 1, pra. pR. 36-45 1 2) prA.sA.i., pR. 277-88 / 3) jai.sA.i., pR. 127-54 1 4) bhA.saM.jai.yo., pR. 53-7415) saM. sA.i., pR. 259-60 1 6) ja.dha., pR. 252 1 7) paM. bAlacandra siddhAnta zA. : A. vIrasena aura unakI dhavalA TIkA : guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha (sAgara, 1967 I.), pR. 465-73 1 8) pro. udayacandra ema.e. : A. vIrasena kI dhavalA TIkA, bhAratIya jaina sAhitya parivezana : eka : (ArA, 1965I.), pR. 123-28 / (U) jinasena 1) jai.sA.i., pR. 127-54 1 2) vidvadralamAlA, pR. 1-89 / 3) bhA.saM.je. yo., pR. 166-67 1 4) paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya : mahApurANa, bhAga 1 (kAzI, 1951 I.), pR., 29-43 / 5) DaoN. nemicandra zA. : jinasena kA kAvyasiddhAnta, ane., va. 16, ki. 1, pR. 4-1016) jai. dha. , pR. 252 1 7) saM. sA. i., paM. 260-6318) pR. mohanalAla zAstrI : jainAcArya (jabalapura, 2482 vI.ni.), pR. 41-43 / (ka) guNabhadra 1) jai.sA.i., pR. 127-541 2) vidvadratnamAlA pR. 1-89 / 3) paM. pannAlAla sAhi., : mahApurANa, bhAga 2 (kAzI, 1954 I.), pra.pR. 1-4 / 4) bhA. saM. jai. yo., pR. 121, 166 1 5) saM. sA. i., pR. 260-61 / 6) jainAcArya, pR. 47-49 / 1. 'kaliprAvRSi mithyAdiGmeghAcchannAsu dikssvih| khadyotavat sudepTAro hA dyotante kvacita kvacit / ' -paM. AzAdhara : sAgAra dharmAmRta (luhArI, jhA~sI, 2474 vIra ni.), adhyAya 1, zloka 7 / 214 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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aura unake sAtha zithilAcArI, maThavAsI nAmamAtra ke nagna sAdhuoM kI paramparA cala pdd'ii| kAlAntara meM ye loga maThoM aura mandiroM meM nivAsa karane lage, jAgIreM rakhane lage, rAjasabhAoM meM jAne lage, kintu apane Apako mUlasaMghI hI pradarzita karate rhe| yaha bhautikavAditA kevala jainadharma meM hI nahIM thI, zaiva Adi anya dharmoM meM bhI thii| ye pravRttiyA~ sthAnIya na hokara sArvadezika thiiN| kAlAntara meM digambara paramparA meM sAdhuoM meM vastradhAraNa kI prathA bhI prArambha ho gyii| ye vastra dhAraNa karake bhI muni kahalAte the tathA svayaM ko mUlasaMghI kahate the| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM 1. 1) pakhaNDAgama : paM. sumativAI zahA sampAdita, zrutabhANDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTaNa (zolApura, 1965 I.), prastAvanA, pR. 3 / 2) jaTAsiMhanandI : varAMgacarita : pro. e.ena. upAdhye sampAdita (bambaI, 1938), prastAvanA, pR. 371 3) nAthUrAma premii| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa : pra. 447 aura aage| 4) 'jaina sandeza' (zodhAMka saMkhyA 23), pR. 831 5) vahI (saMkhyA 8), pR. 281 aura 300 / 2. (a) devasenasUri : darzanasAra : paM. nAthUrAma premI sampAdita (bambaI, 1974 vi.), 24-28 / (ba) 'kalau kAle vane vAso vaya'te munisattamaiH / sthIyeta ca jinAgAre grAmAdiSu vizeSataH // ' --zivakoTi bhaTTAraka : ratnamAlA : mANikacandra granthamAlA bambaI ke 21veM grantha 'siddhAntasArAdi saMgraha' meM prakAzita, padya saM. 22 / 3. dekhie (a) makarA tAmrapatra : vI.ela. rAisa dvArA mUla tathA anuvAda sahita prakAzita, iNDiyana eNTikverI, bhAga 1 (1872 I.), pR. 363-65 1 (ba) ma. ma. vizvezvaranAtha reU : jainAcArya aura bAdazAha mohammada zAha : varNI abhinandana grantha (sAgara, 2486 vIra ni.), pR. 1981 4. candrasukIrti paTTodhara rAjasukIrti rAyA mnrNjii| vanArasi madhya vivAdakarI dharI mAna mithyAta ko mana kuM bhaMjI / pAlakhI chatra sukhAsana rAjita bhrAjita durjana mana ke gNjii| hIrajI brahma ke sAhiba sadguru nAma liye bhavapAtaka bhaMjI // -zrI mA. sa. mahAjana, nAgapura ke saMgraha kI hastalikhita prati saMkhyA 49, padya 218 / 5. 1) kundakunda : SaTprAbhRta, saM. TIkA-zrutasAgara sUri, paM. pannAlAla sonI sampAdita (bambaI, 1977 vi.sa.), pR. 21 1 2) yogIndradeva : paramAtmaprakAza : brahmadevakRta saM. TIkA, paM. manoharalAla zAstrI dvArA sampAdita, (bambaI, 1972 vi.), gAthA 216 kI TIkA, pR. 231-32 1 3) "saMyama-zruta-pratisevanA-tIrtha-liMga-lezyopapAdasthAna-vikalpataH sAdhyAH / " dekhie-zrutasAgara sUri : tattvArthavRttiH (kAzI, 1949), adhyAya 9, sUtra 47 aura usakI vyAkhyA, pR. 504-51 4) maharSi vAsupUjya (saM. 1478), dAnazAsana, TIkA-anuvAdaka-varddhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI (zolApura, 1941 I.), kA yaha padyadugdhazrIghanatakrAjyazAkabhakSyAsanAdikam / navInamavyayaM dadyAtpAtrAya kaTamamvaram // 5) jainahitaiSI, bhAga 6, aMka 7-8 | dhArmika jIvana :: 215

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muniyoM ke tIna rUpa yA pratirUpa sAmane Aye : yathAzAstra muni, zithilAcArI nagna muni, bhttttaark| bhaTTAraka-paramparA ukta tIna bhedoM meM se dUsare ko bhI 'bhaTTAraka' kahA jA sakatA hai| arthAt nagna bhaTTAraka aura savastra bhttttaark| mUlasaMgha ke ukta donoM prakAra ke bhaTTArakoM kI gaNanA, pUrvAcAryoM ke matAnusAra pAvasthAdi bhraSTa muniyoM meM hotI hai tathA yApanIya, drAviDa, kASThA saMgha Adi sAdhuoM kI gaNanA jainAbhAsoM meM kI gayI hai| bhaTTArakoM se sambaddha vibhinna ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki digambara jaina dharma meM mUlasaMgha meM bhaTTArakoM kI do paramparAe~ rahI haiM-(1) senagaNa kI aura (2) balAtkAragaNa kii| senagaNavAle bhaTTAraka apane ko 'puSkaragaccha'' kA kahate haiM aura vRSabhasenAnvaya likhakara apanA mUla vRSabhasena (RSabhadeva ke gaNadhara) se prArambha karate haiN| isa paramparA 1. yApanIya saMgha aura sAhitya ke paricaya ke lie dekhie-(a) paM. nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, (bambaI, 1942 I.), pR. 41-60 aura 570 1 (ba) DaoN. gula candra caudharI : jainazilAlekha saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga (bambaI, 1957 I.), prastAvanA, pR. 25-32 1 (sa) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara : jai. zi.saM., caturtha bhAga (kAzI, vIra ni. saM. 2491), prastA. pR. 2-4 / (da) vAcaspati gairolA : saMskRta sAhitya kA saM. itihAsa, pR. 255-59 / (i) paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : jainadharma (mathurA, 1955 I.), pR. 295-961 2. (a) drAvir3a saMgha ke utpatti-paricaya ke lie dekhie-devasena : darzanasAra : paM. nAthUrAma premI sampAdita, gAthA 24 tathA 26-27 1 (ba) drAvir3a saMgha aura sAhitya ke paricaya ke lie dekhie-paM. nAthUrAma premI : jai.sA. i., pR. 54-55, 66, 89, 155, 170 / (sa) DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI : jai. zi. saM., tRtIya bhAga, pra. pR. 33-42 / (da) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara : je.zi. saM., caturtha bhAga, pra. pR. 14 / 3. (a) kASThAsaMgha ke utpatti-paricaya ke lie dekhie-devasena : darzanasAra, gAthA 33-35 aura 37 / (ba) isa saMgha aura sAhitya ke paricaya ke lie draSTavya 1) paM. nAthUrAma premI : jai.sA.i., pR. 170, 173 Adi / tathA 184, 255-56, 336, 340-41, 344, 357-58, 380, 460, 500, 534 1 2) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR. 210-12 aura aage| 3) paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke lekha (ka) kASThA saMgha sthita mAthara saMgha garvAvalI aura (kha) kASThA saMgha lATa vAgaDa gaNa kI garvAvalI : anekAnta, varSa 15, kiraNa do aura tIna, pR. 79-84 aura 134-42 1 4) DaoN. gulAvacandra caudharI : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga, prastAvanA, pR. 66-69 / 4. (a) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara : bhaTTAraka sampradAya, prastAvanA, pR. 4 aura aage| (ba) senagaNa kI bhaTTAraka paramparA ke lie aura bhI dekhie-1) anekAnta, varSa 18, kiraNa 4, pR. 153-56 1 2) DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI : jai. zi. saM., tR.bhA., prastA., pR. 43-45 1 3) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara : je. zi. saM, ca. bhA., pra. pR. 5-7 / (sa) balAtkAragaNa ke lie dekhie-jai. zi. saM., tR. bhA. prastA., pR. 62-66 / 5. dekhie-paM. nAthUrAma premI : jai. sA. i., pR. 336, 380, 535 / 216 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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meM trivarNAcAra' ke kartA somasena Adi bhaTTAraka hue haiN| dUsarI paramparA ke balAtkAragaNa' vAle bhaTTAraka apane ko sarasvatIgaccha kA kahate haiM tathA kundakundAnvaya likhakara apanA mUla kundakundAcArya se Arambha karate haiM / isa paramparA meM bahuta bhaTTAraka hue / unake ziSya-praziSya bahudhA vidvAn hote the / ina bhaTTArakoM tathA unake ziSyoM ne bahuta bar3I mAtrA meM jaina sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| sAtha hI unhoMne aneka jaina pratimAoM kI pratiSThAe~ bhI kIM / balAtkAragaNa meM kAraMjAzAkhA, lAtUrazAkhA, dillI-jayapura zAkhA, nAgaurazAkhA, aTerazAkhA, IDarazAkhA bhanupurAzAkhA, sUratazAkhA, jerahaTazAkhA Adi cliiN| inameM uttara pradeza kI zAkhAoM ke mUla AdhAra bhaTTAraka padmanandI the / unakA samaya vi. saM. 13856 se 14507 taka mAnA jAtA hai| unake tIna pramukha ziSya the - zubhacandra, sakalakIrti aura devendrakIrti / zubhacandra ne dillI aura jayapura kI zAkhA prArambha kii| sakalakIrti ne IDara kI zAkhA Arambha kI aura devendrakIrti ne sUrata kI zAkhA / anya zAkhAoM kA prAdurbhAva inhIM ke ziSya-praziSyoM se huA / sakalakIrti, 8 1. dekhie - 1 ) paM. milApacandra kaTAriyA : jaina sandeza zodhAMka, saM. 7 ( apraila, 1960 I.), pR. 255-57 1 2 ) paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' : yugavIra - nibandhAvalI : prathama bhAga (dillI, 1963 .), I. 64, 172, 306 | 2. (a) DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR. 39 (ba) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, prastA, pR. 62-66 : 3. ina zAkhAoM ke pramukha bhaTTArakoM ke paricaya ke lie dekhie - DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara bha., sa., kAraMjA - pR. 48, lAtUra- pR. 79, dillI-jayapura - pR. 97, nAgaura - pR. 114, aTera - pR. 126, IDara - pR. 136, bhAnupurA- pR. 195, sUrata - pR. 169, jerahaTa - pR. 2021 4. ina zAkhAoM ke lie dekhie vahI, pR. 89 / 5. (a) ye vahI padmanandI haiM, jinakA ullekha devagar3ha ke do abhilekhoM meM huA hai, unameM se eka rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya dillI meM aura dUsarA jaina dharmazAlA devagar3ha meM hI pradarzita hai| (ba) isa nAma ke kama se kama chaha bhaTTAraka aura hue haiN| dekhie - DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara : bha.sa., pR. 93 TippaNI 32, pR. 123 TippaNI 53; pR. 76, Ti. 29, pR. 150, pR. 14 (prastAvanA), pR. 229 / 6. dekhie - balAtkAragaNa mandira, aMjanagA~va kA abhilekha / 7. draSTavya- paM. ke. bhujabalI zAstrI : prazasti saMgraha (ArA, 1942 ), pR. 89 / 8. inake vistRta paricaya ke lie draSTavya - (a) DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa, vyaktitva aura kRtitva (mahAvIrajI, 1967I.), pR. 1-21 | ( ba ) DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla : bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti : jIvana, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, jaina sandeza zodhAMka saM. 16, pR. 181-188 / (sa) milApacanda kaTAriyA : bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA janmakAla, vIravANI, va. 21, aMka 24, pR. 523-24 / (da) paM. kundana lAla jaina ema. e. AcArya sakalakIrti aura unakI hindI sevA : anekAnta varSa 19, kiraNa 1-2, pR. 124-28 / (i) kundana lAla jaina, ema. e. bha. sakalakIrti kRta dvAdaza anuprekSA cupaI : sanmati sandeza, varSa 12, aMka 11, pR. 30-31 1 dhArmika jIvana :: 217

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zubhacandra,' zrutasAgara- aura brahma nemidatta' Adi bahuta se sAhityakAra isI balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTArakoM meM se the| senagaNa ke bhaTTAraka apane nAma aura paricaya ke sAtha mUlasaMgha, puSkaragaccha, vRSabhasenAnvaya kA prayoga karate haiM jabaki balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha aura kundakundAnvaya jaise vizeSaNoM kaa| bhUmidAna grahaNa karane, mUrtiyoM para pratiSThA lekha likhane yA likhavAne tathA granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM ina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga prAyaH kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTAraka sthiti tatkAlIna sthiti ke anuzIlana se spaSTa hai ki ukta prakAra ke vizeSaNoM ke prayoga zithilAcArI nagna bhaTTArakoM yA savastra bhaTTArakoM ne hI kiye haiM, mUlasaMgha ke prAcIna mAnanIya AcAryoM ne nhiiN| ukta bhaTTArakoM ne jo apane ko mUlasaMgha kA nirdiSTa kiyA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake samaya meM kASThAsaMgha Adi aneka saMghoM ke bhaTTArakoM kA bhI astitva thA aura ve unase apanA pRthaktva pradarzita karanA cAhate the| ataH unhoMne 'mUlasaMghI' vizeSaNa grahaNa kiyaa| vastutaH mUlasaMgha meM zreSTha muniyoM ke lie jisa prakAra kI caryA kA vidhAna hai, usa dRSTi se inhoMne 'mUlasaMghI' vizeSaNa nahIM grahaNa kiyA kyoMki ve svataH svaracita granthoM meM muniyoM kI vaisI hI caryA kA varNana karate haiM jaisI ki prAcIna mUlasaMgha ke AcAryoM ne pratipAdita kI hai| yaha avazya hai ki zrutasAgara Adi katipaya bhaTTArakoM ne kahIM-kahIM zithilAcAra kA bhI poSaNa kiyA hai| (I) DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina : dillIpaTTa ke mUlasaMdhI bhaTTArakoM kA samayakrama : anekAnta, varSa 17, kiraNa 2, pR. 56 / (u) bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, saMkhyA 1875 / (U) paM. nAthUrAma premI : jai.sA. i., pR. 380-831 1. inake vistRta paricaya ke lie draSTavya : (a) paM. nA.rA. premI : jai. sA. i., pR. 380-84 / (ba) DaoN. jyo., pra. jaina : dillIpaTTa ke bhaTTArakoM kA samayakrama : anekAnta, varSa 17, kiraNa 2 tathA 4, kramazaH pR. 56 tathA 74 aura 159 / (sa) vAcaspati gairolA : saM. sA.saM. i., pR. 281-82 / (da) DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa., pR. 93-105 tathA 160-64 / 2. inake vistRta aura prAmANika paricaya ke lie dekhie-(a) paM. nA.rA. premI : jai. sA. i., pR. 371-77 / (ba) vAcaspati gairolA : saM.sA.saM. i., pR. 280 / 3. inake vistRta aura prAmANika paricaya ke lie dekhie : paM. paramAnanda zAstro : brahma nemidatta aura ___unakI racanAe~ : anekAnta, varSa 18, kiraNa 2, pR. 82-84 / 4. dekhie-(a) paM. nA. rA. premI : jai. sA.i., pR. 371-74 / (ba) milApa candra kaTAriyA : jaina nibandha ratnAvalI (kalakattA 1966 I.), pR. 427-29 / 218 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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yadyapi ukta bhaTTAraka yaha anubhava karate the ki unase zAstrokta municaryA kA pAlana nahIM hotA, tathApi unhoMne apanA ullekha muni, yati, gaNI, sUri Adi nAmoM se kiyA / isakA ekamAtra kAraNa yaha thA ki jaina paramparA meM muni aura zrAvaka ye do hI varga haiN| yadi ve apane ko muni nahIM likhate to kyA zrAvaka likhate / yadi ve apane ko zrAvaka likhate to dharma aura samAja kI dRSTi se unakA pada aura sthAna uccakoTi kA kaise hotA / zivikA meM ArUr3ha hokara apane Upara ca~vara kaise DulavAte / rAjAoM dvArA mAnyatA kaise prApta karate, evaM zrAvakoM para zAsana bhI kaise karate / kalA meM inake AlekhanoM se spaSTa dhvanita hotA hai ki ve apane ko asAdhAraNa rUpa meM pradarzita karanA cAhate the / isIlie unhoMne apane ko muni kahalAnA hI ucita smjhaa| isake lie ve prArambha meM dIkSA dhAraNa karate samaya nagnaliMga dhAraNa karake 'munivrata' dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna pUrNa kara lete the / tatpazcAt kAladoSa kA bahAnA lekara tatkAlIna paMcoM ke tathAkathita Agraha se vastra grahaNa karate the| aisI pravRtti unhoMne cAhe kisI bhI paristhiti meM kI ho, kintu vaha 'utsUtra'" pravRtti hI kahI jAegI aura unakA yaha mArga ' bhaTTArakapantha' khlaaegaa| kintu jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM vastradhArI muni mAne jAte haiM, usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM vastradhArI bhaTTAraka muni nahIM mAne jA sakate, jaise zvetAmbara sampradAya meM jaina pratimA kI pUjA-paddhati meM paMcAmRta se abhiSeka karanA tathA zAsana devoM kI upAsanA Adi karane kA vidhAna hai, usI prakAra digambara sampradAya ke bhaTTAraka pantha meM aise hI vidhAna dRSTigocara hote haiM / 3. sAdhudharma AvAsa-prabandha devagar3ha meM muniyoM kA kevala AvAgamana hI nahIM hotA thA, apitu nivAsa bhI thaa| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, aba bhI vahA~ aise aneka mandira vidyamAna haiM (de. citra 2, 13, 29 Adi) jo mUlataH mandira na hokara sAdhuoM ke nivAsasthAna the, unakA nirmANa zAstrAnumodita mandira paddhati para nahIM huA hai| inameM sAdhugaNa kadAcit sthAyI rUpa se bhI rahate the / itanA to avazya hai ki ve apane jIvana kA antima samaya inhIM nivAsasthAnoM meM, devagar3ha ke pavitra aura svAsthyaprada vAtAvaraNa meM vyatIta karate the / 1. utsUtra kA artha hai zithila, aniyamita, anuzAsana se skhalita honA / dekhie - pro. vAmana zivarAma ApTe : saMskRta-iMgaliza DikzanarI (vArANasI, 1963), pR. 1031 2. dUdha, dahI, ghI, sugandha ( candana kA drava) aura ikSurasa kA mizraNa 'paMcAmRta' kahalAtA hai| dhArmika jIvana :: 219

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yahI kAraNa hai ki ina mandiroM ke samIpa hI kucha samAdhiyA~ bhI pAyI gayI haiN| jise vartamAna meM maM. saM. 10 (de. citra 14) kahate haiM, vaha kisI viziSTa sAdhu kI niSedhikA' (nisaI) rahI pratIta hotI hai| isI prakAra maM. saM. eka ke pIche (pazcima meM) lagabhaga 100 phuTa kI dUrI para eka stambha khar3A hai, jo nizcita hI kisI niSedhikA yA samAdhi kA aMga hai| devagar3ha meM inake atirikta aura bhI aneka samAdhistambha pAye jAte haiN| maM. saM. pA~ca-chaha aura ikkIsa ke nikaTavartI stambha samAdhi-stambha hI haiN| devagar3ha meM jo caraNapAdukAe~ milI haiM, ve bhI yahI sUcita karatI haiM ki yahA~ muni 'samAdhimaraNa' yA 'sallekhanA' dhAraNa karate the aura yahIM unakA antima saMskAra bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM prApta AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM aura sAdhuoM kI mUrtiyA~ (de.-citra 75, 77-85) bhI yahI siddha karatI haiM ki devagar3ha meM muniyoM ke aneka saMgha rahate the| yahA~ prApta eka mUrtilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki kucha mUrtiyA~ yahA~ ke caturvidha-saMgha (muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA) ke lie bhI nirmita huI thiiN| ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki yahA~ sAdhuoM ko nivAsa karane ke lie vibhinna prakAra kI suvidhAe~ bhI upalabdha karAyI jAtI thiiN| udbodhana AcAryoM dvArA upAdhyAyoM tathA sAdhuoM ko (de.-citra 77-82) aura kabhI-kabhI zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko bhI udbodhana pradAna kiyA jAtA thA (de.-citra 77-82) / ve svayaM una sabhI ke dvArA pUjita aura vandita hote the| upAdhyAya devagar3ha meM sarvAdhika sakriya aura kartavyaniSTha rhe| unakI pAThazAlAoM ke bIsoM dRzya yahA~ aMkita hue haiN| eka upAdhyAya do se lekara ATha-dasa taka sAdhuoM ko zikSA pradAna karatA thaa| alpa Ayu ke ziSyoM ko bhI pAThazAlAoM meM adhyayanarata aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ke pAThazAlA-dRzyoM ke aMkana kI paramparA bhArata meM prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita rahI hai| aise dRzya mathurA, ajantA, khajurAho, bhuvanezvara Adi meM 1. dhyAtvA yathAsvaM gurvAdIn nyaset ttpaadukaayuge| niSedhikAyAM saMnyAsasamAdhimaraNAdi ca / / .. -paM. AzAdhara : pratiSThAsAroddhAra (bambaI, saM. 1974 vi.), adhyAya 1, zlo. 108 / 2. upasarge durbhikSe jarasi rujAyAM ca niHprtiikaare| dharmAya tanuvimocanamAhuH sallekhanAmAryAH // -AcArya samantabhadra : ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra (dehalI, 1951 I.), zlo. 122 / 3. yaha mUrtilekha maM. saM. 28 ke zilAphalaka saMkhyA 3 (bAyeM se dAyeM) para utkIrNa hai| 4. dekhie-citra saM. 77 se 82 taka tathA 85 / 220 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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adhikatara prApta hote haiN|' devagar3ha kI pAThazAlAoM meM kabhI-kabhI AryikAe~ aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ bhI praveza pA letI thiiN| upAdhyAya ke hAtha meM sthita grantha unakI zAstraniSThA evaM pada-pratiSThA kA dyotaka hai| devagar3ha meM sAdhuoM kA nivAsa pracura mAtrA meM thA, kintu unakA ullekhamAtra vahA~ ke abhilekhoM se prApta hotA hai athavA unakI mUrtiyA~ pAThazAlAoM ke dRzyoM meM hI Alikhita haiN| yaha Azcarya hai ki yahA~ muniyoM kA aMkana kisI anya rUpa meM prAyaH nahIM huA hai| kintu eka sthAna para eka muni kadAcit AhAra ke pazcAt apane hAtha ko upadhAna banAkara vizrAma kara rahA hai, eka muni kisI zUkara ko upadeza de rahA hai aura eka muni kisI zrAvaka-yugala se AhAra grahaNa kara rahA hai| jahA~ taka AryikAoM kA prazna hai ve apanA samaya yA to pAThazAlAoM meM vyatIta karatI thIM yA pUjA-ArAdhanA meN| zAstrIya-vidhAnoM kA ve kaThoratA se pAlana karatI thIM, tabhI to eka bhI AryikA ekAnta vihAra yA kisI puruSa kI saMgati karatI huI nahIM dikhAyI gyii| caryA devagar3ha ke kucha dRzyoM se sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ke dharmAcaraNa para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| sAdhu aura sAdhviyA~ apane sabhI maulika evaM anivArya guNoM kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana karate the yA nahIM, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA para eka-do guNoM kA pAlana karate hue unheM hama kaI bAra dekhate haiM-guruoM kI vinaya, ziSyoM ko zikSA denA, zrAvakoM ko dharmopadeza denA aura unakI navadhA-bhakti svIkAra karanA-ukta guNoM meM se mukhya haiN| 1. vistRta jAnakArI ke lie dekhie-pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : prAcInakalA meM guru-ziSyoM kA citraNa : tripathagA (lakhanaU, 1956 I.), pR. 1-4 / 2. dekhie-citra saM. 77 se 82 tk| 3. maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke pravezadvAra para eka strI muni kA saMvAhana karatI huI aMkita hai| de. -citra saM. 91 aura 116 / 4. de..-maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra ke donoM pakSa / 5. de.-maM. saM. 12 ke pradakSiNApatha aura garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra tathA citra saM. 22 / 6. de.--vahI tathA citra saM. 22, 23 / 7. de.-citra saM. 77-82 / 8. de.-vibhinna mAnastambha tathA maM. saM. 19 ke stambha / aura bhI de.-citra saM. 92 / 9. isa sabake lie de.-citra saM. 77 se 85 tk| 10. sAdhu ko dAna karate samaya nava prakAra se bhakti karanI cAhie-(1) saMgraha-paDagAhanA-sAdhu ko jAte hue dekhakara apane dvAra para prAsuka jala kA kalaza liye hue nivedana karanA ki 'atra tiSTha dhArmika jIvana :: 221

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nirmANa aura nirmANa kI preraNA mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI preraNA nizcaya hI sAdhuvarga dvArA dI jAtI thI, jaisA ki devagar3ha ke abhilekhIya pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai| yahA~ kI kucha sAdhviyoM ne to svayaM hI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA evaM kucha ne mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA bhI karAyI thii| 2 munidharma kA vikAsa pradarzita karate hue jaisA ki Upara vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai, anya sthAnoM kI bhA~ti devagar3ha ke sAdhu bhI eka prakAra ke bhaTTAraka hI the, jinheM laukika samRddhi aura saundarya ke prati kadAcit sarvAdhika AkarSaNa thA / unhoMne vizAla aura susajjita mandiroM, dAnazAlAoM tathA sahasroM bhAvapUrNa aura mohaka mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAne ke lie zrAvakoM ko prerita kiyA tathA svayaM una nirmitiyoM kI pratiSThA kii| unake prayatnoM ke hI pariNAmasvarUpa aneka zatAbdiyoM ke bAda bhI jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA tathA jaina kalA aura sthApatya ke sundara namUne hameM upalabdha haiM 1 tiSTha, AhArajale zuddhe st|' (2) uccasthAna -- jaba sAdhu usakI ora dhyAna de taba bhItara le jAkara ucca sthAna denA, (3) pAdaprakSAlana - kisI pAtra meM unake caraNa dhonA, ( 4 ) pUjana - aSTadravya se pUjana, (5) praNAma - tIna pradakSiNA de praNAsama karanA, (6-9) kramazaH mana, vacana, kAya aura bhojana kI zuddhi rakhanA / de. - bRhat jaina zabdArNava : dvitIya bhAga (sUrata 2460 vIra ni.), pR. 5151 1. (a) induA nAmaka AryikA ne (maM. saM. eka tathA cAra meM sthita) do tIrthakara mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA / de. - pariziSTa eka, abhilekha kra. 11 aura 30 (va) AryikA gaNI ne (maM. saM. cAra meM sthita ) tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 321 (sa) AryikA lavanAsarI ne (maM. saM. 20 meM sthita ) tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA thA / de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 107 / 2. (a) AryikA dharmazrI ne anya paNDitoM ke sAtha saMvat 1209 meM (maM. saM. 3 meM sthita ) kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti kI pratiSThA karAyI thI / de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 22 (ba) AryikA navAsI ne AcArya jayakIrti ke sAtha saM. 1207 meM eka pratiSThA meM bhAga liyA thaa| de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 25 ) ( sa ) AryikA madana ne saM. 1201 meM (maM. saM. 12 meM sthita) RSabhanAtha kI padmA mUrti kI pratiSThA karAyI thI / de. - pari. eka, abhi 52 / 3. aise sAdhuoM meM lokanandI ke ziSya guNanandI (de. - pari. eka, abhi. 17,109, 114, 116, 119 Adi), kamaladevAcArya aura unake ziSya zrIdeva (de. - pari. eka. abhi. 58, 88 ), tribhuvanakIrti (de. - pari. eka, abhi. 19), jayakIrti (pari. eka, abhi. 25), bhAvanandI (pari. eka, abhi. 33 ), candrakIrti (pari. eka, abhi. 39), yazaH kIrtyAcArya (pari. eka, abhi. 96), aura nAgasenAcArya (pari. eka, abhi. 90), kanakacandra, lakSmIcandra, hemacandra (pari. eka, abhi. 6), dharmacandra, ratnakIrti, prabhAcandra, padmanandI, zubhacandra (pari. eka, abhi. eka), devendrakIrti (pari. eka, abhi. 55) Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| 222 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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zAstra sRjana kA abhAva devagar3ha ke sAdhu eka atyanta vAMchanIya aura sthAyI mahattva kA kArya karane meM bahuta pIche rhe| yaha kArya thA - zAstroM kI racanA aura unake saMgraha kA / sambhava hai ki unhoMne yaha kArya thor3A-bahuta kiyA ho, parantu kAla ke prabhAva se vaha naSTa ho gayA ho yA AtatAyiyoM dvArA naSTa kara diyA gayA ho, para devagar3ha meM eka bhI hastalikhita zAstra kA na pAyA jAnA yahI niSkarSa prastuta karatA hai, jo hamane nikAlA hai / koI kAraNa nahIM ki jayapura, jaisalamera, IDara, mUDavidrI aura kolhApura Adi sthAnoM para sahasroM granthoM kI racanA aura unakA saMgraha huA, jisakA adhikAMza hama aba bhI kevala bhaTTArakoM dvArA hI surakSita pAte haiM, kyA devagar3ha ke bhaTTAraka yaha kArya nahIM kara sakate the ? kAraNa kucha bhI ho yA na ho, para isa dRSTi se hamArI dhArmika AsthA devagar3ha ke bhaTTArakoM para usa tIvratA se nahIM TikatI, jisa tIvratA se jayapura Adi ke bhaTTArakoM para TikatI hai| 4. zrAvaka dharma pariSkRta abhiruci devagar3ha ke zrAvaka aura zrAvikAe~ eka ora dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM gaharI abhiruci rakhate the aura dUsarI ora rAga-raMga meM bhI kAphI samaya bitAte the / ve saMgIta aura nRtya meM bhI kuzala hote the / vibhinna prakAra ke vAdyoM aura sAja-sAmAna ke sAtha a jinendra deva kI bhakti ko jAte aura laya-tAla meM kho jAte the / unakI aisI aneka maNDaliyA~ devagar3ha meM aMkita huI haiN| navadhA-bhakti ve sAdhuoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA aura navadhA bhakti karate the| eka zrAvaka - yugala kisI sAdhu ko atyanta bhakti ke sAtha AhAra de rahA hai| zrAvakoM ke atirikta kabhI-kabhI zrAvikAe~ bhI baiThe hue sAdhuoM ke mastaka para chatra dhAraNa kiye rahatI 1. de. - citra saM. 16, 22, 23, 35, 57, 109, 118 tathA jaina cahAradIvArI, vibhinna mandiroM ke praveza dvAra tathA maM.saM. 12 kA arddhamaNDapa Adi / 2. de. - citra saM. 22, 23, 77-83, 86-90 Adi / 3. maM. saM. 12 ke pradakSiNApatha aura garbhagRha ke praveza dvAroM para / de. - citra saM. 22-23 / 4. maM. saM. eka ke pIche jar3I AcArya mUrti / de. - citra saM. 77 / dhArmika jIvana :: 223

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thiiN|' aneka yugaloM ko tIrthaMkara mUrti kI vandanA karate hue dekhA jA sakatA hai| dravya kA sadupayoga samaya-samaya para dAnazAlAoM kA nirmANa karAkara eka bAra paNDitoM ne aura do bAra kucha zrAvakoM ne apane nyAyopAtta dravya kA sadupayoga kiyA thaa| kucha zrAvikAe~ apane hAtha meM nArikela Adi pUjana-sAmagrI lekara mandira jAtI huI dikhAI gayI haiN| naitika pakSa dharma ke naitika pakSa para bhI devagar3ha meM paryApta bala diyA jAtA thA / vyabhicArI aura lampaTI manuSyoM ko unake kukRtyoM kI sajA milatI thI / " granthoM kA paThana-pAThana dhArmika granthoM kA paThana-pAThana devagar3ha meM ucca stara para pracalita thA / vahA~ yazastilaka campU' Adi jaise prathama zreNI ke sAhityika granthoM kA pracAra to thA hI, 1. de. - maM. saM. 1 ke maNDapa 2. de. - citra saM. 52, 53, 64, 761 3. de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 125 1 4. de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 126 aura 129 1 5. de. - paM. saM. eka ( citra 80 ) tathA cAra (citra 79 ) meM jar3I mUrtiyA~ tathA sambandhita varNana (a. 5) / 6. de. maM. saM. cAra ke praveza-dvAra ke Upara bAyIM ora tathA citra saM. 1151 jar3I AcArya mUrti tathA citra saM. 80 / 7. AcArya somadeva sUri (958 I.) dvArA racita yaha vizAla campU- grantha prathama vAra paM. kAzIrAma zarmA dvArA sampAdita hokara zrutasAgara kI apUrNa saMskRta TIkA sahita nirNayasAgara presa bambaI se 1901 aura 1903 I. meM do khaNDoM meM prakAzita huA hai| isake prathama tIna AzvAsa paM. sundaralAla zAstrI dvArA ( 1960 I. meM) tathA kailAzacandra zAstrI dvArA ( 1964 I. meM) hindI anuvAda sahita sampAdita hokara prakAzita hue haiN| isa para pro. kRSNakAnta handikI ne 'yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara' (zolApura, 1949 I.) tathA DaoN. gokulacandra jaina ne 'yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana' ( amRtasara, 1967 I.), nAmaka viziSTa zodhapUrNa adhyayana bhI prastuta kiye haiN| AcArya somadeva ke paricaya Adi ke lie de. - (a) paM. nA. rA. premI jai.sA. i., pR. 177-951 (ba) paM. kailAzacandra zA. upAsakAdhyayana, (kAzI, 1964), ( amRtasara, 1967 I. ) pR. 27-41 / (sa) DaoN. gokulacandra jaina : yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, ( amRtasara, 1967 I.), pR. 27-41 1 (da) saM. sA. i., pR. 263-641 (i) DaoN. hI.lA. jaina : bhA.saM. jai. yo., pR. 113, 171 / 224 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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jJAnArNava' aura samayasAra Adi jaise uccakoTi ke AdhyAtmika grantha bhI par3he jAte the| 5. paurANika kathAoM kA pracAra devagar3ha meM paurANika kathAoM kA pracAra paryApta mAtrA meM thaa| prathamAnuyoga (dharmakathA) se vahA~ ke zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ to paricita the hI, kalAkAra bhI acchI jAnakArI rakhate the| unhoMne apanI chainI ko aneka kathAoM ke saMkSipta kintu vizada aMkana se pavitra kiyA hai| RSabhanAtha dvArA AhAra grahaNa Adi-tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva sAdhu hone ke pazcAt ThIka eka varSa uparAnta AhAra grahaNa kara rahe haiN| rAjakumAra zreyAMsa aura unake bar3e bhAI rAjA somaprabha aura bhAbhI rAnI lakSmImatI ko AhAra dete hue dikhAkara" kalAkAra ne prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kI pramukha vizeSatA atithi-satkAra ko mUrtimAna kara diyA hai| bharata-bAhubalI cakravartI bharata aura kAmadeva bAhubalI kI dvimUrtikAe~ nirmita karake kalAkAra ne sandeza diyA hai ki bhautika upalabdhiyoM se AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyA~ kahIM adhika zAntidAyaka hotI hai| 1. AcArya zubhacandra dvArA viracita yaha grantha paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla dvArA sampAdita hokara zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, javerI-bAga, bambaI se 1927 I. meM prakAzita huA hai| grantha aura granthakAra ke vistRta aura prAmANika paricaya ke lie de.- (a) paM. nA. rA. premI : jai.sA.i., pR. 3:32-4 / (va) DaoN. hI.lA. jaina : bhA.saM. jai. yo., pR. 121 / (sa) paM. bAlacandra si. zA. : jJAnArNava va yogazAstra : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana, ane., va. 20, ki. eka., pR. 17-27 / 2. A. kundakunda dvArA viracita yaha grantha saMskRta, hindI, aMgarez2I Adi aneka TIkAoM sahita sampAdita hokara vibhinna saMsthAoM meM prakAzita huA hai| 3. 'prathamAnuyogamAkhyAnaM caritaM purANamapi punnym| bodhisamAdhinidhAnaM bodhati bodhaH samIcInaH // ' -AcArya samantabhadra : ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra (dillI, 1951 I.), zloka 43 / 1. de...maM. saM. 1' ke pradakSiNApatha tathA garbhagRha ke prvesh-dvaar| 5. AcArya jinasena : mahApurANa : (AdipurANa), jilda eka (kAzI, 1951), parva 20, zloka 100 | 6. de.-citra saM. 22 aura 2 / 7. de.--maM. saM. do tathA jaina mizAlA meM sthita bharata-bAhubalI kI dvimuurtikaaeN| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 88,89 tathA 86, 871 dhArmika jIvana : 995

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cakrezvarI kalAkAra ne cakrezvarI devI kI aneka' adbhuta aura kalApUrNa mUrtiyA~ nirmita kI haiN| yaha prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI yakSI hai aura aneka hAthoM meM cakra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa cakrezvarI kahalAtI hai| cakra eka aisA Ayudha hai, jisakI zakti indra ke vajra se bhI adhika hotI hai| isa devI kA vAhana garur3a hai, jisapara savAra hokara vaha Adi-tIrthaMkara ke dharma kA pracAra sampUrNa vizva meM karatI hai| sabase pahale jabaki karmabhUmi kA udaya ho rahA thA, ghara-ghara meM bhagavAna AdinAtha ke sandeza ko pahu~cAne ke lie isa devI ko garur3a-jaise tIvragAmI vAhana kI hI AvazyakatA thii| vAtsalya kI pratimUrti ambikA - ambikA yakSI kI mArmika evaM vAtsalyapUrNa kathA ko eka hI mUrti meM samAviSTa karane kI kalAkAra ne jo saphala ceSTA kI hai, usakA udAharaNa bhAratIya hI nahIM, vizva kI bhI mUrti-kalA meM kadAcit durlabha hai| eka devI hai| vaha siMha para AsIna hai| yaha siMha pUrvajanma meM eka brAhmaNa thaa| vaha devI pUrvajanma meM usakI brAhmaNI thii| apanI bhUla ke pazcAttApa meM brAhmaNa usa brAhmaNI, jo karuNa-mRtyu ke pazcAt ambikA ke rUpa meM avatIrNa huI thI, kA vAhana siMha bana jAtA hai| brAhmaNI kI mRtyu apane eka putra ko goda meM aura dUsare ko hAtha pakar3akara liye hue huI thI, isalie kalAkAra ne bhI inheM usI rUpa meM aMkita kiyA hai| apane bhUkhe baccoM ko usI brAhmaNI ne asamaya meM hI phale hue Ama-phala khilAye the| isalie kalAkAra ambikA ke eka hAtha meM AmoM kA gucchA detA hai aura pRSThabhAga meM Ama kA vRkSa utkIrNa karatA hai| mamatA aura vAtsalya kI mUrtimatI isa devI kI saikar3oM mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa karake devagar3ha ke kalAkAra ne jainadharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA kI hai| upasarga-nivAraka dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI dharaNendra aura padmAvatI nAmaka yakSa aura yakSI jo apane pUrvajanma meM kumAra 1. de.--maM. saM. 19 tathA jaina dharmazAlA meM pradarzita evaM stambha ka. 11 (citra 45) para aMkita cazvarI yakSI kI muurtiyaaN| 2. de.-citra saM. 99, 100 tathA 111 / 3. dekhie -(a) rAmacandra mumukSu : puNyAzrava kathAkAza, paM. nAthUrAma premI dvArA sama : .', 1915 I.), meM ykssii-kthaa| (ba) vAdicandra : ambikA kathAsAra / (sa) prabhAvanda :: sIna meM vijayasiMH sUre crit| (da) purAtana-prabandha-saMgraha meM deyAH prvndhH|' 4. kucha sundara bhartiyoM ke lie de. -citra saM. 103 meM 105 taka tathA 109 / 226 :: devagar3ha, kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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hokara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke caraNoM meM AsIna dikhAye gaye haiM / bhagavAn pArzvanAtha para jaba kamaTha nAmaka AtatAyI ne upasarga kiyA taba dharaNendra ne sarpa ke rUpa meM upasthita hokara apanI vizAla phaNAvali se bhagavAn ko AcchAdita kara upasarga se unheM aprabhAvita rkhaa|' isa samUcI kathA ko eka hI mUrti meM mUrtimAn kara kalAkAra ne apane apUrva- kauzala kA paricaya diyA hai| zUkara ko sambodhana eka muni eka zUkara ko upadeza de rahe haiM / " bAta yaha thI ki yaha zUkara una tapasyA - rata muni kI siMha se rakSA karatA huA marakara deva huA thA aura aba apane pUrva rUpa meM hI Akara muni se dharma zravaNa kara rahA hai / dharma ke pAlana meM manuSya kA darjA devoM se bhI bar3hakara hai, yaha jaina dharma kI apanI viziSTa mAnyatA hai / 6. dhArmika zikSA yahA~ dharma kI zikSA upAdhyAyoM aura AcAryoM dvArA pAThazAlAoM meM dI jAtI thI / ' isake lie ve granthoM kA upayoga to karate hI the, vyAvahArika jJAna ke prazikSaNa ke lie mAnacitroM kA bhI prayoga karate the / eka stambha khaNDa para tIna loka, solaha 1. de. - (a) muni sukumAra sena vidyAnuzAsana meM bhairava - padmAvatI - klp| (va) bhadrabAhu svAmI : uvasagga- harastotta, jaina stotra sandoha, pR. 1-13 / (sa) tiloyapaNNattI, bhAga eka, mahAdhikAra 4, gAthA 936 1 (da) AcArya jinasena : pArzvAbhyudaya / (i) vAdirAjasUri : pArzvanAthacarita / (I) bhAvadevasUri : pArzvanAtha carita / ( u ) malliSeNasUri : bhairavapadmAvatI-kalpa (U) jinaprabhasUri : vividha tIrthakalpa meM padmAvatI kalpa / 2. kucha mahattvapUrNa mUrtiyoM ke lie de. - citra saM. 106 se 110 tk| 3. maM. saM. 12 ke pradakSiNA - patha aura garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra para aura bhI de. - citra saM. 22, 231 4. de. - vibhinna pAThazAlA dRzya, citra saM. 75, 77 se 82 tathA 85 / 5. maM. saM. 15 ke mahAmaNDapa meM sthita / 6. tIna loka ye haiM - adholoka, madhyaloka aura Urdhvaloka / inake vivaraNa ke lie dekhie - (a) bRhat jaina zabdArNava, bhAga do, pR. 485 1 ( ba ) A. umAsvAmI tattvArthasUtra, paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya sampAdita, pR. 48 aura 49 ke bIca meM saMlagna 'tIna loka kI racanA' zIrSaka mAnacitra | dhArmika jIvana :: 227

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svarga' aura sAta narakoM kA mAnacitra utkIrNa kiyA huA milA hai| 7. dhArmika anuSThAna mandira pratiSThAe~ aura paMca kalyANaka mahotsava yahA~ mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI adhikatA se yaha svayaM-siddha hai ki devagar3ha meM mandira-pratiSThA aura paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA Adi ke utsava samaya-samaya para hote rahate hoNge| ye utsava aise haiM jinameM sAdhu (bhaTTAraka) preraka aura pratiSThAcArya ke rUpa meM tathA zrAvaka Ayojaka aura anuSThAnakartA ke rUpa meM bhAga lete A rahe haiN| ina utsavoM meM nikaTavartI sthAnoM ke sAdhu aura zrAvaka bhI Akara sammilita hote hoNge| isa prakAra ye avasara Aja kI bhA~ti usa samaya bhI dhArmika prabhAvanA ke zreSTha-sAdhana mAne jAte the| utsavoM kI yaha paramparA devagar3ha meM aba taka vidyamAna hai| gajaratha san 1939 meM yahA~ jo paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA huI thI, vaha isalie vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai ki taba gajaratha bhI nikAlA gayA thaa| ratha kI paramparA devagar3ha meM thI yA nahIM, yaha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, para hai yaha bahuta praaciin| isakA mahattva sabhI dharmoM meM samAna rUpa se rahA hai| jaba mandira-sthApatya kA Arambha nahIM huA thA, taba rathoM se unakA uddezya pUrA kiyA jAtA thaa| kAlAntara meM inhIM ke AkAra para mandiroM kA nirmANa huA aura unake nAma para hI mandiroM ko ratha nAma diyA 1. solaha svargoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- "saudharmezAna-sAnatkumAra-mAhendra-brahma-brahmottara-lAntava-kApiSTha zukra-mahAzukra-zatAra-sahasrAreSvAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayornavasu graiveyakeSu vijayavaijayantajayantAparAjiteSu sarvArthasiddhau c|" -A. umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya sampAdita (sUrata, 2472 vI. ni. saM.), adhyAya 4, sUtra 19 tathA usakI vyaakhyaa| , sAta narakoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- "ratna-zarkarA-bAlukA-paGka-dhUmatamo-mahAtamaHprabhA bhUmayo dhanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH sptaadho'dhH|" (AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a. 3, sUtra 1) / 5. yaha gajaya siMghaI ganapatalAla bhaiyAlAla gurahA, khuraI nivAsI kI ora se nikAlA gayA thaa| isakA pratiSThA-vidhi paM. rAjakumAra zAstrI, indaura ke AcAryatva meM miti mAgha sudI 13, guruvAra, vikrama saMvat 1995, vIra nirmANa saMvat 2465 tadanusAra dinAMka 11-1989 se dinAMka )-2-1939) taka, sampanna huI thii| / DA. AnandakumA kumArasvAmI * ArTsa eNDa krASTrapa. pU. / / 8-19 | 2228 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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gyaa| rathoM kI paramparA ko akhaNDa rUpa meM jIvita rakhane kA zreya vizeSa rUpa se jainadharma ko hI hai| melA idhara kucha varSoM se yahA~ melA bhI bharane lagA hai| pahalA melA san 1934 meM aura usake bAda ke san 1936, 1939 (rathotsava ke samaya), 1954, 1956 (bahuta bar3e stara para') aura 1965 meM Ayojita hue| cAturmAsa, vrata dIkSA, pUjana vidhAna, satata pATha Adi dhArmika prabhAvanA kI dRSTi se aba bhI yahA~ muniyoM ke cAturmAsa (varSAvAsa) kI vyavasthA, vratiyoM kI dIkSA", aneka prakAra ke bRhat pUjana vidhAna', satata bhaktAmara stotra pATha Adi ke Ayojana samaya-samaya para hote rahate haiN| ina avasaroM para nikaTavartI sthAnoM se samAja pracura mAtrA meM upasthita hokara dharma-lAbha prApta karatA 8. dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa sUkSma dharmabodha tIrthakara kI mAtA ke solaha svapnoM, tIrthaMkara ke ATha prAtihAryoM,10 ATha 1. DaoN. ena. baiMkaTarAma nayyara : esse Ana da orIjina Afa dI sAutha iNDiyana Tempalsa (madrAsa, 1930 I.), pR. 64 / 2. DaoN. premasAgara jaina : jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi (kAzI, 1963 I.), pR. 59-61 / 3. isI samaya zrI siMghaI ganapatalAla gurahA ko 'tIrthabhakta' kI tathA siMghaI bhagavAnadAsa sarrApha (lalitapura) ko 'jaina jAti bhUSaNa' kI upAdhiyA~ dI gayI thiiN| 4. isa avasara para akhila bhAratIya jaina pariSada kA 30vA~ vArSika adhivezana, rAjanItika sammelana ___aura mahilA sammelana Adi sampanna hue the| 5. san 1965 meM yahA~ zrI 108 AcArya nemisAgara mahArAja (dehalI) kA sasaMgha cAturmAsa huA thaa| 6. abhI san 1965 meM cAturmAsa ke madhya Ayojita zrI siddhacakra maNDala vidhAna ke zubhAvasara para zrI 105 padmasAgarajI ne kSullaka pada kI dIkSA lii| 7. udAharaNArtha san 1965 meM zrI siddhacakra maNDala-vidhAna tathA san 1967 meM zrItrailokya-tilaka__ maNDala-vidhAna mahotsava ke sAtha sampanna hue| 8. lalitapura, jAkhalauna Adi nikaTavartI sthAnoM kA jaina-samAja samaya-samaya para sAmUhika rUpa se isa __ prakAra ke satata pAThoM kA Ayojana karatA rahatA hai| 9. de.--maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra kA siradala tathA citra saM. 19, 201 10. devagar3ha kI saikar3oM tIrthakara-mUrtiyoM para inake aMkana dekhe jA sakate haiN| dhArmika jIvana :: 229

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maMgala dravyoM aura navagrahoM kA dvAroM tathA mUrtiyoM para aMkana yaha sUcita karatA hai ki devagar3ha kA jaina samAja na kevala dharma premI thA, pratyuta dharma kI sUkSmatAoM aura pratIkoM ko bhI bhalI-bhA~ti samajhatA thaa| samanvaya jIvana ko dharma ke anukUla jIne meM use vizeSa Ananda milatA thaa| vaha artha aura kAma ke bhI Upara dharma ko lA biThAne meM bahuta kuzala thaa| do sthAnoM para tIrthaMkara kI mAtA ko ratnajaTita zayyA para eka atyanta mohaka aura aizvarya-dyotaka mudrA meM leTA dikhAyA gayA hai| zayyA kyA, use to eka bahumUlya siMhAsana kahanA cAhie, jisake nIce siMhoM aura hAthiyoM kI sughar3a AkRtiyA~ dikhAyI gayI haiN| koI sevikA unheM paMkhA jhala rahI hai to koI unake caraNa sahalA rahI hai| artha aura kAma kA anokhA saMyoga bana par3A hai| isa sabake Upara kalAkAra ne caubIsa-tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ ukerakara dharmapuruSArtha kA adbhuta samA bA~dha diyA hai| devagar3ha ke jaina samAja kI dharma, artha aura kAma ke prati yaha samanvita niSThA nizcaya hI use akSaya-sukha arthAt mokSa prApta karAne ke lie kAphI thii| 9. niSkarSa isa prakAra devagar3ha kA dhArmika dRSTi se sarvekSaNa karane para agralikhita niSkarSa sAmane Ate haiM1. yahA~ prAyaH Adi se anta taka bhaTTArakoM kA prabhutva rhaa| dharma-pracAra ke lie adhyApana aura sArvajanika pravacana Adi ke atirikta pratiSThotsava, nRtya tathA saMgIta ke Ayojana evaM atithi-satkAra Adi ke sAdhana apanAye jAte the| 2. kucha bhaTTAraka sthAna-sthAna para bhramaNa karake bhI jainadharma kA pracAra karate 1. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala, ma. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala tathA maM. saM. 31 ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para; evaM maM. saM. 12 ke gabhagRha kI mukhya-pratimA tathA mahAmaNDapa kI (dAyeM se bAyeM) tIsarI, maM. saM. 13 kI (bAyeM se dAyeM) 20vIM tIrthaMkara mUrti tathA eka anya tIrthaMkara mUrti ke atirikta jaina-cahAradIvArI kI bAharI uttarI bhitti para (bAyeM se dAyeM) pA~cavIM devI-mUrti ke sAtha inakA aMkana huA hai| 2. maM. saM. 4 kI bhItarI bAyIM bhitti para jar3I huI evaM maM. saM. 30 meM sthit| 3. de.-citra saM. 931 230 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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the, jaisA ki eka hI bhaTTAraka ke vibhinna sthAnoM para ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai| 3. dharma ke utthAna meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA yogadAna bhI ullekhanIya hai, jo samaya-samaya para vibhinna utsavoM ke Ayojana karate rahate the aura mandiroM tathA mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM apane nyAyopAtta dravya kA sadupayoga kiyA karate the| 4. sAdhuoM ko nivAsagRhoM evaM anya suvidhAoM kI vyavasthA bhI inhIM ke dvArA hotI thii| devagar3ha meM jainadharma ke pracAra kA adhikAMza zreya vahA~ ke zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko hI thA, kyoMki khajurAho, canderI, gvAliyara Adi kI bhA~ti isa sthAna ko rAjyAzraya kabhI nahIM milaa| devagar3ha meM jainadharma kA AvirbhAva aura vikAsa ucca stara para aura tIvra gati se huA, zAnadAra mandira aura kalApUrNa mUrtiyA~ isa tathya ke jIvanta pramANa haiN| 1. udAharaNa ke lie padmanandI, ratnakIrti, lalitakIrti, devendrakIrti, Adi kA ullekha lalitapura, gaMjabAsaudA, bIkAnera Adi ke abhilekhoM meM prApta hotA hai| de.-(a) agaracandra nAhaTA, bha~varalAla nAhaTA : bIkAnera jaina lekhasaMgraha (kalakattA, 2482 vI.ni.), lekhAMka 1373, 1444 tathA 1514 (pR. 180, 193 aura 302) / (ba) kundanalAla jaina : gaMjabAsaudA ke jaina mUrti va yantra lekha : sanmati sandeza (agasta, 1965 I.), pR. 35-36 / dhArmika jIvana :: 231

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sAmAjika jIvana 1. adhyayana ke srota devagar3ha ke prAcIna aura madhyakAlIna sAmAjika jIvana evaM saMskRti kA mUlyAMkana karane ke lie vahA~ upalabdha tathA usase sambandha rakhanevAle anya srotoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| mandiroM kI bhittiyoM, mUrtiphalakoM aura zilApaTToM para aMkita sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika dRzya isa adhyayana meM sahAyaka haiN| abhilekhIya ullekha bhI upayogI haiN| svayaM devagar3ha meM likhA gayA koI sAhitya nahIM milatA para anyatra likhe gaye sAhitya se yahA~ ke sAmAjika jIvana aura saMskRti para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| ina sabake atirikta, mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI adhikatA evaM kalAtmakatA Adi kucha aise tathya haiM, jinase tatkAlIna samAja kI Arthika sampannatA, pariSkRta ruci aura dhArmika niSThA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| ina saba srotoM se hameM aneka tathyoM para vicAra karanA hai : vahA~ kA samAja kina vargoM meM vibhakta thA, usakI Arthika sthiti kaisI thI, dharmaparAyaNatA kI pravRtti vahA~ kisa sImA taka thI, zikSA kA pracAra aura usake sAdhana kyA the, lipi aura bhASA kyA thI, veza-bhUSA aura prasAdhana ke kyA rUpa the aura Amoda-pramoda ke sAdhana kyA the| 2. samAja ke vibhinna varga 1. ucca aura nimna varga samAja kA vargagata vibhAjana prAyaH Aja kI hI bhA~ti prAcInakAla meM bhI sambhava thaa| devagar3ha isakA apavAda nahIM hai| vahA~ kucha loga uccavarga ke aura kucha nimnavarga ke the| yahA~ nimnavargIya samAja ke aMkana prAyaH bahuta kama haiM, parantu uccavargIya samAja kI acchI jhA~kI milatI hai| sambhrAntavarga ke loga bahumUlya vastra 232 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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pahanate the, sone aura ratnoM ke alaMkAra dhAraNa karate the, sAdhuoM aura tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA meM samaya vyatIta karate the aura gIta tathA nRtya meM gaharI ruci rakhate the| uccavarga kI striyA~ bhI saundarya kI mahattA samajhatI thiiN| ve apane pati se milane, kisI maNDalI meM sammilita hone yA kisI sArvajanika sthAna para jAne se pUrva prasAdhana karanA na bhUlatI thIM, isake lie ve darpaNa Adi kI sahAyatA bhI letI thiiN| nimnavarga kI striyA~ jo apekSAkRta kama susajjita aura saMskRta dikhAI detI thIM, unake sAtha paricArikAoM Adi ke rUpa meM rahA karatI thiiN| nimnavarga ke puruSa bhI uccavarga ke puruSoM kI paricaryA aura vAhanoM kI vyavasthA Adi karate the|' yahA~ kisI bhI kRti meM koI bhI strI avaguNThana dhAraNa kiye nahIM dikhAI pdd'ii| 2. caturvidha saMgha devagar3ha ke samAja ko caturvidha-saMgha ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karanA adhika upayukta hogaa| sAdhu : prathamavarga sAdhuoM kA thaa| ye loga paMca-parameSThiyoM meM se antima tIna parameSThI mAne jAte rahe haiN| AcArya tIsare parameSThI the| ye sampUrNa sAdhusaMgha ke, jisameM sAdhviyA~ bhI sammilita thIM, saMcAlaka hote the| cauthe parameSThI upAdhyAya kahalAte the jinakA kArya sAdhuoM aura sAdhviyoM ko niyamita rUpa se tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko samaya-samaya para zikSA denA thaa| sAdhuoM kA yaha varga devagar3ha meM sarvAdhika sakriya aura kartavyaniSTha thA, jaisA ki vahA~ prApta aneka pAThazAlA dRzyoM se pramANita hotA 1. vahumUlya vastroM tathA AbhUSaNoM Adi ke lie de.-citra saM. 6, 7, 18-21, 33, 35, 93, 95-112, 111-119, 121 tathA 122 aadi| 2. de...- citra saM52.53.64.76,77,79 se 88 taka tathA 1091 3.de.-citra saM. 16, 23, 35,57, 116, 118 aadi| 4. de.-citra saM. 114, 116 se 121 taka Adi / 5. (a) maM. saM. 11 kI dUsarI maMjila para mahAmaNDapa ke dvAra pakSa (bAyeM) para eka darpaNadhAriNI zacismitA kA AkarSaka aMkana hai| vaha apane bAyeM hAtha meM darpaNa liye hai aura dAyeM se oSTha ko prasAdhita karatI pratIta hotI hai| de.-citra saM. 117 / (ba) maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para darpaNa ke sahAre apanI lalATikA ko vyavasthita karatI huI eka sundarI kA sundara aMkana hai| de..-citra saM. 1161 6. de.-citra saM. 6, 7, 21, 33, 95, 99, 100, 104, 108 aadi| 7. de.--maM. saM. 11 aura 12 ke praveza-dvAra kI dehrii| (citra saM. 18) / 8. de.-citra saM. 6, 7, 16, 21, 33, 35, 93, 95-112, 119 aadi| 9. de.-citra saM. 75, 77-82 tathA 85 aadi| evaM kucha mahattvapUrNa upAdhyAya mUrtiyoM ke lie de. -citra saM. 83 aadi| sAmAjika jIvana :: 233

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hai| sAdhuvarga pA~caveM parameSThI the| ve tIsare aura cauthe parameSThiyoM kI vinaya aura vaiyAvRtti Adi to karate hI the, svAdhyAya aura tapazcaryA Adi meM bhI saMlagna rahate the| ve sthAna-sthAna para bhramaNa karake zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko dharmopadeza bhI dete the| unake upadeza ke adhikArI manuSya hI nahIM, pazu bhI hote the|' kucha sAdhu zrAvikAoM se saMvAhana karAne tathA hAtha kA upadhAna lagAkara ArAma se leTane Adi kI 'utsUtra-pravRti' bhI kara baiThate the| kucha sAdhu krodhI bhI hote the, jinakI mukhAkRti apane guru kI upasthiti meM bhI uddaNDatApUrNa aura Avezamaya rahatI thii| isI prakAra vahA~ kucha tundila sAdhu bhI rahate the| parantu ina do-tIna apavAdasvarUpa anucita pravRttiyoM ke viruddha vahA~ kucha ghora tapasvI sAdhu bhI rahate the| bhagavAn AdinAtha ke dvitIya suputra bAhubalI kA bhI vahA~ kaI sthAnoM para mUDhaMkana huA hai, jinhoMne itanI kaThora aura dIrghakAlIna tapasyA kI thI ki nirantara hile-Dule binA hI khar3e rahane ke kAraNa unake zarIra para latAe~ car3ha gayI thIM aura sarpa, chipakalI tathA bicchU Adi viSaile jantu bhI nirbhaya hokara reMgane lage the| sAdhviyA~ : sAdhviyA~ bhI svAdhyAya aura tapazcaryA meM magna rahatI thiiN| ve pAThazAlAoM meM bhI upasthita hotI thiiN| kucha sAdhviyA~ mUrtiyA~ bhI banavAtI thiiN| saMvat 1095 aura usake Asa-pAsa kabhI induA nAma kI sAdhvI ne, saMvat 1135 meM lavanAsarI' nAma kI sAdhvI ne aura kisI samaya gaNI nAma kI sAdhvI ne mUrtiyoM kA dAna kiyA thaa| yahI nahIM, saMvat 1176 meM somatI nAmaka sAdhvI ne aura usake kucha samaya Asa-pAsa usakI bahana dhaniyA~2 ne, saMvat 1201 meM madana' nAma kI 1. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha tathA pradakSiNApatha ke praveza-dvAra pr| de.-citra saM. 22-23 / 2. maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra pr| de.-citra saM. 91 tathA 116 / 3. vhii| 4. maM. saM. eka ke pRSThabhAga meN| de.-citra saM. 77 / 5. vahIM pr| de.-citra saM. 78 aura 801 6. de.-maM. saM. 2, 11 ke dUsare khaNDa kA garbhagRha aura jaina dharmazAlA meM avasthita bAhuvalI-mUrtiyA~ tathA citra saM. 86 se 88 tk| 7. de.-pariziSTa eka, abhi. kra. 11 / 8. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 301 9. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 107 / 10.de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 321 11.de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 511 12. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 591 13. de.-pari. eka, abhi.kra. 52 / 234 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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sAdhvI ne saMvat 1207 meM AryikA navAsI' ne tathA saMvat 1209 meM AryikA dharmazrI' ne, mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA bhI karAyI thI / zrAvaka aura zrAvikAe~- donoM hI, sAdhviyoM se upadeza prApta karate the / variSTha sAdhviyA~ kaniSTha sAdhviyoM para kar3I najara rakhatI thIM aura aparAdha ho jAne para kaniSTha sAdhviyA~ ghuTanoM ke bala (ukaDUM) baiThakara unase kSamAyAcanA karatI thiiN| 1 jaina dharma ke utthAna meM puruSoM kI apekSA striyoM kA yogadAna adhika rahA / mathurA Adi se prApta saikar3oM jaina abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki dharma ke prati striyoM kI AsthA puruSoM se kahIM adhika thI aura dharmArtha dAna dene meM ve sadA puruSoM se Age rahatI thIM / mathurA ke pramukha jaina stUpa ke nirmANa meM bahusaMkhyaka mahilA dAnadAtAroM kA hAtha thA / devagar3ha meM bhI uparyukta pravRtti parilakSita hotI hai / " vartamAna kAla meM bhI dhArmika abhiruci puruSoM kI apekSA mahilAoM meM hI adhika vikasita dikhAyI par3atI hai| zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ : zrAvakavarga bhI kartavyapAlana aura dharmAcaraNa meM sAdhuvarga se pIche nahIM rahatA thA / jo zrAvaka sAdhu avasthA dhAraNa karane meM asamartha hote the ve utkRSTa zrAvaka arthAt ailaka' kA pada svIkAra karate the| atithiyoM kA satkAra karate hue sapatnIka zrAvaka kI tatparatA aura zraddhA darzanIya hotI thI / tIrthaMkara kI 1. de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 25 / 2. de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 23 / 3. maM. saM. cAra meM jar3I mUrtiyA~ tathA stambha saM. 11 meM / 4. de. - maM. saM. 10 meM dakSiNI stambha (pUrvI ora ) / citra saM. 92 | 5. (a) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI mathurA se prApta do navIna abhilekha : varNI abhinandana grantha ( sAgara, bhAratIya kalA meM bha. mahAvIra sanmati kalA kA itihAsa, hindI sAhitya, 2476 vI.ni.), pR. 229-31 / (ba) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI sandeza (maI, 1961), pR. 35 / (sa) pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI jilda do (prayAga, 1962 I.), pR. 223 1 6. de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 62, 7, 12, 13, 55, 98, 104, 120 Adi / 7. ailaka kA lakSaNa - - (a) gRhato munivanamityA gurUpakaNThe vratAni parigRhya / bhaikSyAzanastapasyannutkRSTazcelakhaNDadharaH // - AcArya samantabhadra : ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra : ( dehalI, 1951 ), zlo. 1471 ( ba ) AcArya vasunandi : vasunandi zrAvakAcAra (kAzI, 1952 I.), bhUmikA, pR. 63 tathA gAthA 311 / 8. de. - ailaka kI pratimA, maM. saM. 15 ke maNDapa meM (bAyeM se dAyeM) antima mUrtiphalaka / 9. de. - maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha aura pradakSiNApatha ke prvesh-dvaar| aura bhI de. - citra saM. 22, 23 / sAmAjika jIvana : 235

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mUrtiyoM ke samakSa nRtya aura gIta ke kAryakramoM kA pracalana devagar3ha meM pracuratA se thaa| ina kAryakramoM meM zrAvaka aura zrAvikAe~ samAna rUpa se bhAga letI thiiN| dAnazAlAoM kA nirmANa hotA thA, jisameM zrAvakoM ke atirikta paNDitavarga bhI bhAga letA thaa| kucha zrAvikAe~ nArikela Adi sAmagrI lekara pUjana ko jAyA karatI thiiN| kucha zrAvikAe~ pAThazAlAoM meM jAkara zikSA bhI grahaNa karatI thiiN| 3. vaMza aura upajAtiyA~ ukta vargIkaraNa ke atirikta samAja vibhinna vaMzoM aura upajAtiyoM meM bhI vibhakta thaa| san 1203 I. ke lagabhaga devagar3ha pAlI meM depada aura khepada nAmaka do bhAiyoM ne eka mahAn jaina yajJa karAyA thaa| usI samaya muhammada gorI kI senA se bacakara bhAge hue kucha kSatriya vahA~ A phuNce| ye dillI ke AsapAsa rahanevAle 'ratnAgire' kSatriya the| ve jainadharma svIkAra karake usa yajJa meM sammilita ho gye| isI avasara para unheM 'kaThanerA'5 jaina ke nAma se ghoSita kiyA gyaa| evaM usI samaya unheM sAr3he bAraha gotroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA-(1) siMghaI AratyA, (2) siMghaI dIvaTiyA, (3) seTha pujere, (4) seTha TIketa, (5) sAha DhilauA, (6) bhaNDArI, (7) nAyaka, (8) koMDara, (9) khArakyA, (10) teliyA, (11) khar3ele, (12) rabar3ayA (12/2) nigotyaa| inake vaMzaja Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM aura ve apane ko zrI kundakundAmnAyI, mUlasaMghI tathA sarasvatIgaccha se sambandhita mAnate haiN|" 1. nRtya aura gIta kI maNDaliyA~ devagar3ha meM mandiroM ke praveza-dvAroM, stambhoM, toraNoM tathA mUrtiphalakoM Adi para bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| de.-citra saM. 16, 23, 35, 57, 116, 118 aadi| 2. de.--dvitIya koTa kI uttarI dIvAra meM bhItara kI ora prApta katipaya abhilekha, jinameM dAnazAlAoM ke nirmANa ke vivaraNa ke atirikta unakA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| aura bhI dekhie-dayArAma sAhanI : e.pro.ri., pari. 'a' abhilekha kramAMka 125, 126 aura 129 / 3. maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa meM AcArya parameSThI kI mUrti ke pAdapITha meM de.-citra saM. 77 aura 79 / 4. de.-pAThazAlAoM ke vibhinna dRshy| aura bhI de.-ci. saM. 77 se 82 / 5. inheM jainasaMgha meM sammilita karate samaya yaha zarta rakhI gayI thI ki ukta mahAyajJa ke samaya upasthita samAja ko, ye loga 'kASTha' (IMdhana) ke vinA bhojana taiyAra kara paMktibhoja deM, una logoM ne yaha prastAva svIkAra kiyA thA aura apane bahumUlya vastroM Adi ko ghI-tela meM bhigobhigokara unheM jalAkara bhojana taiyAra kara ukta mahAyajJa meM Agata samasta samAja ko paMktibhoja diyA thaa| yaha eka kaThina kArya thaa| ataH upasthita samudAya ne unake sAhasa aura niSThA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI tathA unake kArya ke anurUpa sabhI ne unakA nAma 'kaThanerA' nirdhArita kiyaa| de.-harikRSNa kavi : bRhatpaMcakalyANaka vidhAna : (bambaI, 1929 I.), bhUmikA, pR. 3-7 / 6. de. vahI, pR. 71 236 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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saMvat 1181 ke eka abhilekha meM agrotaka vaMza kA ullekha hai, jisase vartamAna agravAla samAja apanA sambandha sthApita karatA hai| isI abhilekha meM garga nAmaka gotra kA bhI ullekha huA hai| yahIM ke, saMvat 1493 ke eka abhilekha meM 'apTazAkha' nAmaka vaMza kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha 'aSTazAkha' vartamAna jAtiyoM meM pracalita 'aThasakA' hI hai| saMvat 1693 ke eka abhilekha meM 'golApUrva' nAmaka upajAti kA bhI ullekha milA hai| ina sabase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki devagar3ha kA samAja vibhinna vaMzoM, gotroM aura upajAtiyoM kA samaSTigata rUpa to thA hI, sAtha hI kaThanerA jaisI upajAti kA janmasthAna bhI thaa| 3. dharmaparAyaNatA dharmaparAyaNatA bhAratIya saMskRti kI mUlabhUta vizeSatA hai| puruSArtha catuSTya meM dharma kI gaNanA prathama sthAna para hotI hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, svadAra-santoSa aura parigraha-parimANa dharma ke hI vibhinna rUpa haiN| ye rUpa vyakti kI sAmarthya aura paristhitiyoM kI anukUlatA-pratikUlatA ke anusAra kabhI atyanta sUkSma aura kabhI atyanta vizAla AkAra meM dIkha par3ate haiN| jahA~ taka devagar3ha ke samAja kA prazna hai, vahA~ dharma ke prAyaH sabhI rUpa laghutama se mahattama taka AkAra meM dRSTigata hote haiN| sUkhe hAthoM sAdhu kI vandanA kara lenevAlI abodha zrAvikA' se lekara satata eka varSa taka pracaNDa tapazcaryA karanevAle sAdhu taka kA jIvana yahA~ aMkita kiyA gayA hai| eka ora piTatA huA parastrI-lampaTa dikhAyA gayA hai to dUsarI ora devAMganAoM dvArA rijhAye jAne para bhI himAlaya kI bhA~ti aDiga tapasvI bhI mUrtyakita kiyA gayA hai|' sAdhuoM arthAt atithiyoM kA AhAra Adi se satkAra karanevAle sadgRhastha to devagar3ha meM the hI, sAtha hI sAdhuoM ke caraNa saMvAhana karanevAle bhakta bhI the|' 1. 2.-- rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dehalI meM surakSita, 6 phuTa 2 iM. x 2 phuTa 9 iM. ke zilAphalaka para utkIrNa, devagar3ha se prApta abhilekha kA 32vA~ anuccheda ora bhI de. --pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra / 2. devagar3ha kI jaina dharmazAlA meM surakSita / de.-pari. 2, abhi. kra. 5 / / 3. maM. saM. 7 kI caraNapAdukA para utkIrNa / de.--pari. 2, abhi. kra. 61 4. de. citra saM. 23 / maM. saM. 12 ke pradakSiNApatha ke praveza-dvAra para (dAyeM) sAdhu ko khAlI hAtha vinaya pradarzita karatI huI eka zrAvikA kA aMkana hai| 5. de - citra saM. 86 se 88 tk| 6. de.-citra saM. 115 / 7. de.-citra saM. 161 8. de.-citra saM. 22,231 9. de.-citra saM. 91 tathA 116 / sAmAjika jIvana ::237

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/ devI-devatAoM kI upAsanA ko hama dharma kI sImAoM meM bA~dhe yA na bA~dheM, para usakA pracAra devagar3ha meM bahuta rahA hai| saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM prApta huI unakI mUrtiyA~ ' nirvivAda rUpa se ghoSita karatI haiM, ki devagar3ha kA samAja camatkAra ko namaskAra karatA thA / aura dhIre-dhIre AdhyAtmikatA se bhautikatA kI ora jhukatA jA rahA thA, yaha eka doSa ho sakatA hai / kintu yaha doSa kevala devagar3ha taka athavA jaina dharma taka hI sImita nahIM thA, balki akhila bhAratIya stara para isa doSa kI jar3eM jama cukI thiiN| bauddha dharma meM vajrayAnI zAkhA ke sAtha, vaidika dharma meM kaula aura kApAlika tathA jaina dharma meM bhaTTArakoM ne dharma ke nAma para aihika sukhoM kI prApti aura vAsanAoM kI tRpti ke bIsoM bahAne khoja nikaale| unhoMne vibhinna devI-devatAoM aura mantra-tantra Adi kI kalpita kathAoM aura camatkAroM dvArA samAja ko mohita kara liyaa| unakI yaha mohanazakti guptottarakAla se dRr3ha se dRr3hatara hotI gayI aura mugalakAla ke samApta hote-hote kSINa ho clii| usake avazeSa kAzmIra ke kauloM, mathurA, banArasa Adi ke paNDoM aura dakSiNa bhArata ke bhaTTArakoM Adi ke rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna haiM / devagar3ha isa sampUrNa prakriyA se achUtA nahIM rahA / vahA~ bhaTTArakoM kI eka sabala paramparA zatAbdiyoM taka vidyamAna rahI 2 jisane vahA~ ke samAja kI tathAkathita dharmaparAyaNatA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane meM sarAhanIya yogadAna diyA / 1. kucha viziSTa deva - deviyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke lie de. - citra saM. 19, 20 tathA 95 se 113 taka / 2. DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla ko eka aisI paTTAvalI prApta huI hai, jo aba taka anupalabdha thii| isa paTTAvalI se hamAre ukta kathana kI sapramANa puSTi hotI hai / "yaha paTTAvalI eka patra ke rUpa meM likhI huI hai| patra vAgIdorA gA~va se devagar3ha nagara ko likhA gayA thA / patra ke prArambha meM vahA~ ke pratiSThita sajjanoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| phira likhA gayA hai ki saM. 1300 se 1400 taka gujarAta meM digambara jainadharma kI acchI dazA nahIM thI kintu jaba bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ne udhara vihAra kiyA aura apanI bhaTTAraka gaddI sthApita kI, taba se vahA~ dharma kI unnati hotI gyii| patra meM sakalakIrti kI mRtyu saMvat 1499 meM mahasAnA nagara meM honA likhA hai| mRtyu ke samaya ye 56 varSa ke the| inake pIche AcArya dharmakIrti bhaTTAraka bne| inhoMne sAgavAr3A ke AdinAtha ke mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA aura naugA~va meM apanI bhaTTAraka gaddI kI sthApanA kii| ye 24 varSa taka bhaTTAraka rahe, inake pazcAt vimalendra kArti bhaTTAraka hue jo 12 varSa taka jIvita rhe| idhara AtrIya (AtarI) gA~va meM bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti kA paTTAbhiSeka huaa| bhuvanakIrti ke pazcAt bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa evaM vijayakIrti hue| isI samaya sAgavAr3A evaM naugA~va meM eka hI dina do alaga-alaga pratiSThAe~ huii| patra ke anusAra ina pratiSThAoM ke samaya bar3asAjana evaM lohaDasAjana kI utpatti huii| jisameM bar3asAjanoM ke bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti evaM lohaDasAjanoM ke bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti kahalAne lge| bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke pazcAt saMvat 1805 taka kitane hI bhaTTAraka hue, jinakA isa paTTAvalI meM nAmollekha huA hai| antima bhaTTAraka amaracanda the, jo bhaTTAraka devacandra kI mRtyu ke pazcAt gaddI para baiThe the| paTTAvalI meM sabhI bhaTTArakoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai| paTTAvalI hindI gadya meM hai jisameM gujarAtI bhASA ke zabdoM kA bAhulya hai| paTTAvalI saMvat 1805 kI likhI huI hai, tathA bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra --> 238 kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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4. zikSA prAcIna bhArata meM aihika cintana kI apekSA tattvajJAna tathA pAralaukika cintana kI ora adhika pravRtti thI / vAnaprastha tathA saMnyAsa AzramoM kI vyavasthA para prAcIna RSi-muniyoM ne yaha prayatna kiyA thA ki jIvana kA adhikAMza ucca tattvajJAna ke cintana meM vyatIta ho / isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie sAMsArika kolAhala se dUra prakRti ke krIDAsthala vana-upavana cune gye| ina sthAnoM para RSi-muniyoM ke AzramoM kI sthApanA huI, jo zikSA tathA dharma ke kendra bane / ' AzramoM kI sthApanA vana-upavanoM ke atirikta nadiyoM ke kinAre aura nagaroM ke nikaTa bhI hone lagI thI / ye tapovana yA Azrama dhIre-dhIre zikSA ke kendra bane / vaidika AzramoM ke anurUpa jainoM ne bhI apane vihAra, maTha aura mandira banavAye, jinameM unhoMne apane dharmoM kI zikSA kI vyavasthA kI 12 zikSaka : zikSArthI devagar3ha meM zikSA kA pracAra bahuta adhika thA / zikSA kA kArya prAyaH sAdhuvarga dvArA sampanna hotA thA / unakI kucha kakSAoM meM kevala sAdhu, kucha meM sAdhu aura sAdhviyAM tathA kucha meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke sAtha zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ bhI sammilita hotI thiiN| alpAyu ke bAlaka to zikSA pAte hI the, vayovRddha brahmacArI aura paNDita bhI kakSAoM meM sammilita hote the| chAtrAoM ko zikSA dene kA kArya viduSI mahilAoM dvArA sampanna hotA thaa| prAcIna bhArata meM unheM 'upAdhyAyinI' aura 'upAdhyAyA' kahA jAtA thA / devagar3ha ke zikSArthI brahmacArI pustakeM rakhane ke lie 'bastA' kA prayoga karate the, jise ve kandhe para TA~gakara lAte aura le jAte the / ' DUMgarapura (rAjasthAna) ke saMgraha meM haiN| " DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla tIna aitihAsika bhaTTAraka paTTAvaliyA~ sanmati sandeza, varSa 7 aMka 3 ( mArca, 1962 I.), pR. 271 1. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI prAcIna bhArata ke zikSA kendra : vikrama smRti grantha saMvat 2001 : ( gvAliyara, apraila, 1944 I.), pR. 727 / 2. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI prAcIna bhArata ke tapovana nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA (kAzI, vi.saM. 2005), varSa 53, aMka 3-4, pR. 2361 3. de. - vibhinna pAThazAlA dRzya tathA citra saM. 77-82 evaM 85 1 4. de. - jaina dharmazAlA sthita caityAlaya meM upAdhyAya parameSThI kI mUrti kA abhilekha (pari. do, abhi. kra. tIna) / 1 5. pro.kR.da. bAjapeyI prA.bhA. ke zi.ke. vi. smR. graM., pR. 729 / 6. de. maM. saM. 19 ke ardhamaNDapa ke sAmane par3e kisI dvAra ke avazeSa, maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa meM jar3I (citra saM. 80) AcAya mUrti tathA jaina cahAradIvArI / sAmAjika jIvana : 239

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zikSA denevAle prAyaH upAdhyAya parameSThI hI hote the| unake hAtha meM grantha aura sAmane eka TUTadAra meja hotI thii| ve saiddhAntika pakSa ko bhI vyAvahArika pakSa kI bhA~ti saralatA se samajhA lete the| isake lie ve tIna loka Adi ke mAnacitra Adi kA prayoga karate the| viSaya zikSA ke viSayoM meM adhyAtma, dharma, sAhitya aura yogazAstra Adi ke atirikta nRtya, gIta, bhavana-nirmANa aura mUrti-nirmANa Adi kalAe~ bhI sammilita thiiN| upakaraNa zikSA ke upakaraNoM meM vaha meja vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai, jo Adhunika TUTadAra 'Tebala' se bahuta adhika milatI-julatI hai| usapara yadA-kadA Aja kI hI bhA~ti vastra (Tebala klAtha) bhI bichAyA jAtA thaa| vyAvahArika jJAna ke lie mAnacitroM aura vAdyoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| zikSAlaya pAThazAlAe~ mandiroM, maThoM aura dAnazAlAoM Adi meM lagatI hoMgI, parantu kucha pAThazAlAe~ vRkSoM ke nIce bhI lagatI thiiN| prakRti kI nizchala goda meM adhyayanarata chAtra aura adhyApana meM magna AcArya ke aMkana gurukula-paddhati kA sukhada smaraNa karAte haiN| guru-ziSya sambandha guru aura ziSya ke sambandha madhuratA aura vAtsalya se pUrNa hote the kintu eka sthAna para do sAdhu apane guru ke samakSa, na jAne kyoM, atyanta kruddha ho uThe the|" prAcIna bhArata meM takSazilA, kAzI, valabhI Adi sthAnoM meM zikSA ke itane bar3e 1. de..-ma. saM. 4 Adi meM utkIrNa vibhinna pAThazAlA dRzya citra saM. 77, 77-89 evaM 35 aadi| 2. de. ---maM. saM. 15 meM sthita tIna loka kA maancitr| 3. de. -maM. saM. cAra ke garbhagRha meM pazcimI bhitti meM jar3I huI marti / 4. de.-citra saM. 57, 118 aadi| 5. de. -maM. saM. eka ke pRSTha bhAga meM jar3I huI AcArya mUrti / 6. draSTavya-maM. saM. eka kA pRSTa bhAga, citra saM. 77 / 240 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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kendra sthApita ho gaye the ki unameM cikitsA aura dhanurvidyA Adi viSayoM kA uccakoTi kA zikSaNa diyA jAtA thA aura unake hajAroM vidyArthiyoM meM bahuta se videzI bhI hote the| inake atirikta vana-upavanoM meM bhI zikSA dI jAtI thii| sAhityika ullekhoM ke atirikta prAcIna kalA ke kucha aise avazeSa bhI mile haiM, jinameM guruoM aura vidyArthiyoM ke vividha prakAra se aMkana draSTavya haiN| mathurA ke eka vedikAstambha para eka adhyApaka ziSyoM ko vyAkhyAna dete hue Alikhita hai| ajantA ke citroM meM eka daNDadhArI guru paTTIdhArI ziSyoM ko par3hAte hue citrita haiN| tilamuTThi nAmaka bauddha jAtaka (saMkhyA 252) meM eka ziSya ko guru ne anya do ziSyoM kI sahAyatA se isalie pITA thA ki usane eka bur3hiyA ke tila curAye the| gAndhArakalA ke eka pratinidhi zilApaTTa para adhyayanArtha ratha para jAte hue kumAra gautama aMkita haiM, sAtha meM unake sahapAThI bhI dAvAteM aura paTTiyA~ liye hue jA rahe haiN| bhuvanezvara ke rAjarAnI mandira meM eka paNDita jI aura unake ziSyoM kA citraNa bar3A prabhAvotpAdaka bana par3A hai| devagar3ha meM pAThazAlA-dRzyoM kI bahulatA hai| unameM guru-ziSyoM ke aMkana isa tathya ke poSaka haiM ki tatkAlIna samAja zikSA ke mAdhyama se apane vyaktitva ke samIcIna vikAsa meM saMlagna thaa| 5. lipi aura bhASA devagar3ha ke prAcIna abhilekhoM meM kramazaH saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI bhASAe~ prayukta huI haiN| prAcInatama abhilekha abhI taka aMzataH par3hA jA sakA hai| usase pratIta hotA hai ki usameM aThAraha bhASAoM aura aThAraha lipiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| bhArata meM yaha abhilekha apane DhaMga kA advitIya hai| usakI lipi azokakAlIna brAhmI se bhI samAnatA rakhatI hai| jo lipiyA~ isa zilApaTTa para 1. aba yaha zilApaTTa landana ke vikToriyA albarTa saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| 2. aura bhI dekhie--pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : prAcIna kalA meM guru-ziSyoM kA citraNa : tripathagA (lakhanaU, 1956 I.), pR. 1-41 3. yaha jaina dharmazAlA meM surakSita hai| de.-citra saM. 49 / 4. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : devagar3ha kI jaina pratimAe~ : anekAnta, dillI, varSa 15, kiraNa 1 (apraila, ___1962 I.), pR. 27 / 5. dayArAma sAhanI : e.pro. ri. bhAga do--1918 I., pR. 10 para isa abhilekha ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai- "isa mandira ke uttarI barAmade meM mujhe eka mahattvapUrNa abhilikhita zilApaTTa (3 phuTa 2 iM. 4 | phuTa 5 iM.) milA hai, jo usa abhilekha ke anusAra jJAnazilA kahalAtA hai| usameM 18 bhASAoM aura 18 lipiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| yaha abhilekha 'sASA (khA) nAmdI' ke dvArA likhAyA gayA thaa| yaha dekhanA upayogI hogA ki prathama jinaRSabhadeva kI putrI brAhmI vartamAna kAlacakra ke supamA-dupamAkAla meM utpanna huI, usane 18 vibhinna varNamAlAoM kA AviSkAra sAmAjika jIvana :: 241

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aMkita haiM, ve tatkAlIna bhArata meM pracalita vibhinna zailiyoM kI paricAyaka haiN| devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM meM se kucha brAhmI lipi meM aura zeSa nAgarI lipi meM utkIrNa haiN| 6. vezabhUSA aura prasAdhana khajurAho Adi kI bhA~ti devagar3ha ke kalAkAroM ne vezabhUSA aura prasAdhana kI vividhatA aura viziSTatA kI hor3a to nahIM lagAyI para unhoMne jo kucha bhI aMkita kiyA usase tatkAlIna vezabhUSA aura prasAdhana para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| unakA uddezya AkarSaka vastrAbhUSaNoM kI apekSA bhAvapUrNa chavi aMkita karane kA adhika thaa| devagar3ha meM bhI vezabhUSA Adi kI dRSTi se uttarottara vikasita kalA ke acche namUne upalabdha hote haiN| unase hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki jyoM-jyoM samaya bItA tyoM-tyoM kalAkAra kA dhyAna sAdagI, bhAvapUrNatA tathA saMyama kI ora se kramazaH haTatA gayA aura AkarSaka vezabhUSA evaM mudrAoM tathA mohaka bhaMgimAoM kI ora AkRSTa hotA gyaa| guptakAlIna vastra jhIne avazya hote the parantu unheM pahanane kA DhaMga kucha aisA thA ki unase saundarya kI abhivRddhi to hotI hI thI kintu bhoMr3Apana yA asaMyama prakaTa nahIM hotA thaa| parantu paravartI samaya meM yaha pravRtti parilakSita nahIM hotii| vastra avazya hI apekSAkRta moTe dikhAye jAne lage, kintu unake dhAraNa karane kI prakriyA eka dUsarA hI uddezya abhivyakta karatI thI; ise kalA kA kramika hrAsa hI kahA jaaegaa| yaha hrAsa devagar3ha yA madhyavartI bhArata meM hI sImita na rahA, balki isane vyApaka rUpa bhI le liyaa| kalA ke isa hrAsa kI pRSThabhUmi atyanta spaSTa hai| gupta sAmrAjya eka baddhamUla aura suprazAsita sAmrAjya thaa| gupta samrAT kalA aura sAhitya ke hI nahIM, dharma evaM adhyAtma ke bhI premI the| phalasvarUpa tatkAlIna kalA adhyAtma se anuprANita rahI aura usameM sAMsArikatA kA ubhAra kama ho skaa| gurjara-pratihAroM ke samaya taka yaha bAta na rahI para cU~ki ve loga bhI dharma aura adhyAtma ko mahattva dete the ataH kalAgata saMyama aura bhAvapUrNatA bahuta kucha guptakAla kI hI bhA~ti vidyamAna rhii| kintu isake pazcAt kalacuriyoM aura candeloM ke samaya kalA kA hrAsa tIvragati se huaa| kalacuriyoM para mattamayUra zAkhA ke sAdhuoM kA prabhAva thaa| ye sAdhu naitikatA para kiyA thA, jinameM turkI, nAgarI, sabhI drAvir3I bhASAe~, kannar3a, fArasI aura ur3iyA lipiyA~ bhI sammilita haiN| isa abhilekha kI prathama sAta paMktiyoM meM vAstava meM vibhinna varNamAlAoM ke namUne haiM, jinameM adhikAMza drAvir3a tathA mauryakAlIna brAhmI bhI samAviSTa haiM, yadyapi turkI aura fArasI unameM nahIM haiN|" 1. pro. kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : devagar3ha kI jaina pratimAe~ : anekAnta : varSa 15, kiraNa 1. pR. 27 / 242 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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adhika bala dete the| parantu zaivoM ke vAmamArgI sAdhu jinase candela zAsaka prabhAvita rahe, naitikatA ko kadAcit zabdoM taka hI sImita rakhate the| ve sthUla bhautikatA aura vAsanAoM se bharA jIvana svayaM bitAte aura janatA ko bhI apanA pathagAmI banAte the| unakI isa pravRtti ne nauvIM se terahavIM zatI taka kI kalA ko adhikAdhika prabhAvita kiyA, tabhI to candeloM ke samaya taka mUrtiyoM se maulikatA aura saMyama prAyaH lupta ho gaye aura unameM azlIlatA tathA kutsita aMkanoM kI pradhAnatA ho gyii| kacchapaghAtoM ke samaya taka yaha doSa apanI caramasImA taka pahuMca gyaa| isa samaya kI mUrtiyoM meM mAMsalatA, asvAbhAvika kintu kAmottejaka loca, sambhogoM ke vividha Asana Adi atyanta vikRta rUpa meM prastuta kiye jAne lge| isa samaya kI aura guptakAla kI kalA meM eka bahuta bar3A antara spaSTa ho gayA hai| devagar3ha meM bhI kalA ke isa kramika hrAsa ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ taka vezabhUSA aura prasAdhana kA prazna hai, vaha kalA meM sAMsArikatA kI vRddhi ke sAtha samRddha aura AkarSaka hotI gyii| devagar3ha meM puruSavarga kI vezabhUSA adhika bhar3akIlI nahIM thii| puruSavarga kI vezabhUSA ke adhyayana ke lie hama use sAdhu aura gRhastha ke avAntara bhedoM ke antargata prastuta kreNge| 1. sAdhu-saMsthA (a) digambara sAdhu : digambara sAdhu koI vastra nahIM pahanate the| dik (dizAe~) hI unake 'ambara' (vastra) hote the, isalie unheM 'digambara'2 sAdhu kahA jAtA thaa| sAdhuoM ke digambara (nagna) rahane kI prathA hajAroM varSa prAcIna hai aura Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| digambara sAdhu jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie pIchI rakhate the| mala-mUtra-tyAga ke pazcAt zuddhi ke lie jala rakhane ko ve kamaNDalu bhI rakhate the|' ye sAdhu ukta do upakaraNoM ke atirikta raMcamAtra bhI parigraha nahIM rakhate the| yahA~ taka ki ve apane bhojana ke prati bhI cintita nahIM hote the| (ba) bhaTTAraka : jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, muniyoM kA eka rUpAntara aura bhI thA, jise 'bhaTTAraka' kahate the| ve Ajakala ke brahmacAriyoM kI bhA~ti do vastra pahanate the, eka adhovastra (dhotI) aura dUsarA uttriiy| inake gale meM eka mAlA bhI par3I rahatI thI, jisase ve japamAlA kA kAma lete hoNge| 1. draSTavya-vra. zItalaprasAda : vRhat jainazabdArNava : dvitIya khaNDa (sUrata 1934), pR. 492-93 / 2. 'nagno'vAsA digambare' draSTavya-amarakoSa, 3-1-391 3. de.--vibhinna pAThazAlA-dRzya tathA citra saM. 77 se 83 aura 85 / 4. vhii| sAmAjika jIvana :: 243

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(sa) ailaka: ailaka kevala 'kopIna' pahanate the aura sAdhu kI bhA~ti pIchI aura kamaNDalu rakhate the| (da) kSullaka : kSullaka, 1 jinakI mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha meM nahIM milI haiM, kopIna ke atirikta 'khaNDavastra' (uttarIya) bhI rakhate the / ye bhI pIchI - kamaNDalu rakhate the| (i) AryikA : AryikAoM kI vezabhUSA saMyata aura sAmAnya thii| sAr3I aura uparivastra ke atirikta pIche kamaNDalu bhI rakhatI thIM (de. citra saMkhyA 92 ) / 2. gRhastha-saMsthA (a) puruSa : puruSavarga dhotI pahanatA thA / " Azcarya hai ki devagar3ha meM kamara se Upara ke kisI vastra kA aMkana eka bhI puruSamUrti meM upalabdha nahIM huA hai / kucha brahmacArI avazya hI tanIdAra doharI chAtI kI a~garakhI pahanate the|' isa a~garakhI kI banAvaTa isa prakAra kI Adhunika a~garakhI se itanI adhika samAnatA rakhatI hai ki sambandhita mUrti kI prAcInatA para sandeha hone lagatA hai / kucha puruSa turkI TopI lagAte the / eka aisI puruSAkRti bhI aMkita hai, jo phulapaiNTa ke jeboM meM hAtha DAle hue puruSa ke samAna pratIta hotI hai| isI prakAra eka puruSa kandhe para jholI DAle dikhAyA gayA hai| 10 janeU (yajJopavIta) pahanane kA rivAja thA (de. citra saMkhyA 98) I puruSa prAyaH ve hI AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate the jo striyA~ dhAraNa karatI thIM / yaha bAta Adhunika pariprekSya meM Azcaryajanaka pratIta hotI hai| unakI kezasajjA bhI striyoM ke samAna hI hotI thI / prAyaH sabhI puruSa kSaurakarma karAte the / yadyapi isa kArya meM saMlagna kRti kA aMkana yahA~ kahIM nahIM huA hai| kucha puruSa mugaloM jaisI dAr3hI 1. gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI zrAvaka, kSullaka se zreSTha / 2. draSTavya - bRhat jainazabdArNava: bhAga do, pR. 4071 3. AcArya vasunandi : vasunandi zrAvakAcAra (kAzI, 1952 I.), bhUmikA, pR. 63-61 tathA gAthA 3111 4. vahI, bhUmikA, pR. 62-63 tathA gAthA 302-10 / 5. bRhat jaina zabdArNava : dvitIya khaNDa, pR. 434 / 6. de. - citra saM. 52, 53, 60, 74, 104, 107, 119, 121, 122 Adi / 7. de. - maM. saM. 10 ke uttarI stambha para ( pUrva kI ora) tathA citra saM. 94 / 8. de. - maM. saM. chaha aura pandraha meM sthita mUrtiyA~ aura bhI de. - citra saM. 52 aura 53 meM caMvaradhArI / 9. maM. saM. 11 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza dvAra kI deharI para / 10. maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa meM / de. - citra saM. 80 | 244 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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rakhate the| eka strI ratikrIr3A ke samaya apane premI kI dAr3hI se khelatI haI aMkita kI gayI hai| deva tathA sambhrAntavarga ke loga mastaka para mukuTa bA~dhate the| lalATa para tilaka lagAne kA pracalana thaa| kAnoM meM kuNDala, karNAvitaMsa, karNikA Adi tathA gale meM vibhinna prakAra ke hAra pahane jAte the| keyUra, kaTisUtra aura pAyaloM kA bhI pracalana thaa| cUr3iyA~ pahanane kA pracalana puruSoM meM nahIM thaa| (ba) strIvarga : yahA~ striyA~ adhovastra ke rUpa meM sAr3I pahanatI thiiN| use Ajakala kI bhA~ti Upara taka lAkara or3hatI nahIM thIM, balki eka vizeSa DhaMga se kamara ke nIce hI lapeTatI thiiN| devagar3ha kI kisI bhI kRti meM striyoM ko avaguNThana dhAraNa kiye aMkita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kaMcukI pahanane kI prathA thii|' stanapaTTikA kA prayoga prAyaH kama milA hai| uttarIya prAyaH sabhI striyA~ rakhatI thii| usakA uddezya kamara se Upara kA bhAga Dhakane kA rahA hogA, parantu isa uddezya kI pUrti kadAcit hI koI strI karatI thii| uttarIya ko gale yA usake thor3e nIce se, pIche kI ora se nikAlakara kuhaniyoM ke Upara se sAmane lAyA jAtA thA, taba usake donoM chora eka AkarSaka lahariyA banAte hue havA meM laharAte rahate the| uttarIya kA isa prakAra kA prayoga Aja bhI paMjAba aura usake AsapAsa ke pradeza meM lar3akiyoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| mastaka para, devagar3ha meM or3hanI Adi kucha bhI nahIM dikhAyI gyii| isakA kAraNa 1. aise mUrtyakanoM ke lie de.-maM. saM. eka kA pRSTha bhAga tathA vibhinna maanstmbh| maM.saM. 12 ke pradakSiNApatha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para bhI isa prakAra kI dADhIvAle paruSa kA aMkana haA hai| dharmazAlA meM pradarzita cakrezvarI (citra 99) ke pAdapITha para (dAyeM) dAr3hI vAlA zrAvaka vinayAvanata 2. de.-jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3I huI muurtimaalaa| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 121 / maM. saM. cAra ke praveza-dvAra para (dAyeM) bhI eka yuvatI puruSa kI dAr3hI sahalA rahI hai| de.-citra saM. 114 / 3. de.-citra saM. 57, 72, 74, 107, 108, 110, 113, 119 aadi| 4. de.--maM. saM. tIna meM sthita tIrthakara mUrti ke pArzva meM nirmita indra ke lalATa pr| 5. de.-citra saM. 72, 74, 98, 107, 108, 113, 114, 119, 121, 122 aadi| 6. de.-citra saM. 19-21, 33, 35, 86, 87, 93, 95-97, 101, 102, 104-108, 110-112, 114, 115, 117, 119, 121 aadi| 7. de.-citra saM. 93, 99, 105, 106, 117 aadi| 8. maM. saM. eka ke maNDapa meM eka mUrtiphalaka para eka aisI zrAvikA kA aMkana hai jo 'stanapaTTikA' vA~dhe hue hai| usakI granthi pIche dIkha par3atI hai| kucha pAThazAlA dRzyoM meM bhI aisI zrAvikAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| 9. de.-citra saM. 19-21, 33, 35, 86, 87, 93, 103-106, 108, 117, 119, 121 / sAmAjika jIvana :: 245

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usa samaya kadAcit paradAprathA kA abhAva hI ho sakatA hai / parantu unakI kezasajjA itanI sundara aura kalApUrNa hotI thI ki or3hanI kA mastaka para na par3A rahanA hI adhika sundara dikhatA hai| kucha striyA~ puruSoM kI bhA~ti apane sira para TopiyA~ lagAye hue aMkita kI gayI haiM / ye TopiyA~ do prakAra kI prApta hotI haiM- eka kA AkAra turkI TopI ke samAna hai' aura dUsarI kA vartamAna sainika kI TopI ke samAna 12 kucha striyA~ apane lalATa para tilaka bhI lagAtI thIM / devI mUrtiyoM ke mastaka para maNijaTita mukuTa dikhAye gaye haiN| mukuTa ko yadi sUkSmatA se vicAra kiyA jAye to AbhUSaNoM kA aMga to kaheMge hI, vastra aura kezasajjA kA aMga bhI kaha sakate haiM / devagar3ha kI striyA~ kezasajjA meM bahuta nipuNa thIM / unake jUr3e aneka AkarSaka zailiyoM meM ba~dhe hue dekhe jA sakate haiN|' ve Ajakatva kI bhA~ti gU~thakara laTakatI huI lambI coTI pasanda nahIM karatI thiiN| khulI huI lambI coTI bhI nahIM rakhI jAtI thI / use vibhinna zailiyoM meM lapeTakara gU~thA jAtA thA / kucha striyA~ coTI gUMthane ke kArya meM vizeSa abhiruci dikhAtI thiiN| unakI coTI kabhI-kabhI itanI bar3I ( lambI nahIM) hotI thI ki unake dvArA kRtrima coTiyoM ke prayoga kiye jAne kA sandeha hotA hai| coTI gUMthane ke lie ve darpaNa kA prayoga karatI thIM 16 devagar3ha kI striyA~ AbhUSaNoM ke prati udAsIna na thIM, parantu khajurAho Adi kI bhA~ti Asakta bhI nahIM thIM / mastaka para AbhUSaNa prAyaH nahIM pahanA jAtA thA / kucha uttaravartI mUrtiyoM ke sImanta meM mAravAr3I boralA' jaisA koI AbhUSaNa yadA-kadA dikha jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI lalATikA bhI pahanI jAtI thIM, use darpaNa kI sahAyatA se sa~vArA jAtA thA / mukuTa kA pracAra jana sAdhAraNa meM nahIM thA / use yA to deviyA~ hI bA~dhatI thIM athavA 'tIrthaMkara kI mAtA'" aura sAmrAjJI, " Adi mahattvapUrNa striyA~ / yahA~ mukuToM 1. de. - citra saM. 951 2. dekhie - citra saM. 98, 101 102 103 104 105, 108 Adi / 3. de. - maM. saM. cAra ke praveza dvAra ke bAyeM pakSa para devI mUrti / 4. de. - citra saM. 19-21, 33, 76, 100, 107, 111, 112 Adi / 5. de. - citra saM. 114 115 117, 119, 121 Adi / 6. isa tathya kI puSTi citra saM. 116 aura 117 se ho sakatI hai| vahA~ darpaNa kA upayoga oSTha-prasAdhana (citra 117 ) aura lalATikA ko sa~bhAlane ke hetu kiyA gayA hai (citra 116 ) | 7. de. ---citra saM. 20, 99, 100 Adi / 8-9. de. - citra saM. 116 1 10. de. - citra saM. 93 tathA maM. saM. cAra aura tIsa meM sthita mUrtiyA~ / 11. de. - jaina cahAradIvArI kI uttarI bahirbhitti meM jar3I huI sAmrAjJI mUrti / 246 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ke AkAra bhinna-bhinna haiN|' kAnoM meM kuNDala aura karNaphUla pahane jAte the| hAra aura ardhahAra prAyaH vaise hI hote the,' jaise khajurAho meM milate haiN| kucha striyA~ kaNThazrI (ThusI) bhI pahanatI thIM, jisakA pracalana bundelakhaNDa meM aba bhI dikhAI par3atA hai| stanahAra pahanane kI paramparA bhI devagar3ha meM rahI hai, isake madhya se motiyoM kI eka lar3I stanoM ke bIca se hotI huI nAbhiparyanta laTakatI thii| mohanamAlA kA yahA~ paryApta pracAra thaa| bAjUbanda (keyUra) prAyaH sabhI striyA~ pahanatI thIM, para vaha prArambha meM eka caur3I cUr3I ke AkAra meM banatA thA aura pIche usameM jar3Ava Adi milane lagatA hai| hAthoM meM cUr3iyA~ eka yA do se lekara bIsa-bIsa taka pahanI jAtI thiiN| kaMkaNa bhI pahane jAte the|' baghamA ke cUrA, bohaTA, hathaphUla Adi pahanane kA paryApta pracalana thaa| ArasI aura aMgUThiyA~ pahanane kA pracAra bahuta thaa| ve tarjanI, madhyamA Adi ke atirikta aMguSTha meM bhI pahanI jAtI thiiN| yahA~ kI sabhI striyA~ kaTisUtra tathA mekhalA dhAraNa karatI thiiN|12 ye kabhI-kabhI 1. de.-citra saM. 19-21, 33, 76, 93, 100, 107, 111, 112 Adi / 2. de.-citra saM. 19-21, 33, 93, 95, 97, 99 se 112 taka, 117 aadi| 3. de.-citra saM. 19-21, 98, 100, 103, 106, 108 aadi| 4. de.-citra saM. 19, 20, 95, 99. 100, 107. 122 Adi / 5. de.-citra saM. 19, 95, 96, 100 aadi| 6. de.-citra saM. 19, 20, 21 aadi| 7. de.-citra saM. 19, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100 aadi| 8-9 de.-maM. saM. cAra ke praveza-dvAra kI vibhinna mUrtiyA~, maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha kI ambikAmUrtiyA~, ma. saM. cAra meM jar3I tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kI mUrti Adi tathA dharmazAlA meM sthita aura jaina cahAradIvArI meM jar3I vibhinna devii-muurtiyaaN| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 19, 20, 21, 33, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 105, 106, 111, 1171 10.de.-maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para aMkita sarasvatI aura lakSmI kI mUrtiyA~ tathA vahIM antarAla kI mar3hiyA meM sthita sarasvatI muurti| aura bhI de.-citra saM. 19, 20, 95 aadi| ||.mN. saM. 12 ke antarAla kI mar3hiyA meM sthita sarasvatI (citra 95) tathA maM. saM. 19 meM sthita sirahIna devI (citra 97) apane dAyeM hAthoM meM ArasI dhAraNa kiye haiN| maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para pratihArI ke dAyeM hAtha ke aMgUThe meM bhI 'ArasI' dekhI jA sakatI hai| isI mandira ke pradakSiNApatha ke praveza-dvAra para (dAyeM) gaMgA apanI kaniSThA meM a~gUThI pahane hai| padmAvatI (citra saM. 106) aura cakrezvarI (citra saM. 99) Adi mUrtiyoM meM bhI a~gUThI prApta hotI 12.de..-citra saM. 19-21.33.93.95,97, 103-106, 108, 122 aadi| sAmAjika jIvana :: 247

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bahata caur3I bhI prApta hotI haiN| unameM kabhI-kabhI Ajakala kI bhA~ti jhAlara aura ghugharU bhI laTakate hue dekhe jA sakate haiN| pairoM meM pAjeba aura pAyala, donoM pahanI jAtI thii| pAyala kabhI-kabhI bahuta caur3I hotI thI aura usameM (nUpura) dhuMgharU guMthe hote the| pA~vapoza pahanane kI bhI prathA thii|' kucha AbhUSaNa, jinameM natha aura bichur3I Adi ullekhanIya haiM, devagar3ha meM kahIM, nahIM dikhe| sAdhviyA~ kisI prakAra kA koI bhI AbhUSaNa nahIM pahanatI thiiN| 7. Amoda-pramoda anuSThAna aura samAroha Amoda-pramoda ko devagar3ha meM paryApta mahattva diyA jAtA thaa| vahA~ etadartha aneka sAdhana upalabdha the| samaya-samaya para Ayojita dhArmika anuSThAna aura sAmAjika samAroha manoraMjana kI acchI sAmagrI juTA dete the| saMgIta aura nRtya gAyana, vAdana aura nRtya meM yahA~ ke samAja kI vizeSa abhiruci thii|' zilApaTToM, toraNoM, dvArapakSoM aura stambhoM Adi para aneka maNDaliyoM ke bIsoM dRzya aMkita hue haiN| unase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki saMgIta kalA kA upayoga devagar3ha meM na kevala Amoda-pramoda ke lie hI hotA thA, apitu bhakti-pradarzana aura harSollAsa ke avasaroM para bhI saphala Ayojana kiyA jAtA thaa| saMgIta maNDaliyoM meM puruSa aura striyA~ samAna rUpa se bhAga lete the| kabhI striyA~ nRtya karatIM to puruSa sAtha dete the aura kabhI puruSa nRtya karate to striyA~ unakA sAtha detI thiiN| saMgIta kI laya meM khoye hue strI-puruSa nizcita hI darzaka ko mantramugdha banA dete the| nRtyakAra pairoM meM dhuMdharU bA~dhate the aura hAthoM ko vibhinna mudrAoM meM saMcAlita karate the| 1. de.-citra saM. 21, 93, 96, 97, 108, 122 aadi| 2. de.-citra saM. 19, 21, 33, 93, 103-105, 122 Adi / 9-20, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105 aadi| 4. de.-citra saM. 19, 20 aadi| 5. de.-citra saM. 16, 20, 22, 24, 35, 57, 109, 118 tathA jaina cahAradIvArI, vibhinna mandiroM ke praveza-dvAra Adi / maM. saM. 24 kI pazcimI vahirbhitti meM dharaNendra-padmAvatI kA eka aisA mUrti-phalaka jar3A huA hai, jisake ki pAdapITha meM chaha zrAvikAe~ bhakti vibhora hokara nRtya kara rahI haiN| 248 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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vAdyayantra vAdya aneka prakAra ke hote the--jinameM jhA~jha, ma~jIrA, mRdaMga, Dholaka, veNu, vINA, ikatArA, turahI (bigula), tamUrA, ghaNTA, zaMkha Adi mukhya haiN| kucha striyA~ aura puruSa hAtha se bhI tAla dete the| khajurAho Adi vibhinna sthAnoM kI bhA~ti yahA~ bhI aneka prakAra ke vAdyoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| anya sAdhana kucha loga hAthI kI pITha para uchala-kUda karate hue aMkita kiye gaye haiN| usa samaya kadAcit isa prakAra kA koI khela hotA thaa| eka manuSya vyAghra para AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai| isa pradeza meM vyAghra adhika hote the| ataH use pAlatU vyAghra mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra eka manuSya vRkSa para car3hatA huA citrita hai| vRkSa para phala nahIM dikhAye gaye haiN| ataH usakA uddezya yA to manoraMjana ho sakatA hai yA kisI AkrAntA Adi se apanI rkssaa| tatkAlIna mAnava Amoda-pramoda ke lie, yadA-kadA makara para bhI savArI karatA thaa| 8. Arthika jIvana yadi mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kI vipulatA, mUrtiyoM meM citrita vezabhUSA, nRtya aura saMgIta kI maNDaliyoM tathA samaya-samaya para Ayojita honevAle pratiSThA Adi samArohoM ko hI mApadaNDa mAnA jAe to yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki devagar3ha kA samAja Arthika dRSTi se paryApta sampanna thaa| yadyapi rAjanItika dRSTi se bahuta mahattva kA kendra na hone se yaha sthAna adhika samRddha rahA hogA, aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| punarapi isakI gaNanA pavAyA (padmAvatI), erana (airikiNa) aura vidizA-jaise kalA samRddha nagaroM meM kI jAtI thii| kyoMki yaha eka bar3e rAjamArga para sthita thaa| ___ aura guptakAla meM isakA sambandha uttara meM pavAyA se, dakSiNa meM erana, vidizA, udayagiri aura sA~cI se, pazcima tathA dakSiNa-pazcima meM ujjaina aura bAgha se tathA jhA~sI aura kAnapura hokara prayAga, kAzI aura pATaliputra (paTanA) se thaa| isakI 1. de.-maM. saM. 11 ke mahAmaNDapa kA praveza-dvAra, tathA maM.saM. 27 meM sthita caubIsa ptttt| 2. de-ma.saM. 11 ke mahAmaNDapa kA praveza-dvAra / 3. de.-ma. saM. 28 kA prvesh-dvaar| 4. de. --maM. saM. 18 ke mahAmaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra kI deharI pr| 5. paM. mAdhava svarUpa vatsa : do guptA Tempala eTa devagar3ha : (memvAyarsa oNfa di AryolAjikala sarve oNfa iNDiyA, saMkhyA 70) (dillI, 1952), pR. / / sAmAjika jIvana :: 249

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samRddhi kA eka kAraNa aura bhI thA, vaha yaha ki yahA~ bar3e paimAne para mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA thaa| samIpavartI kalAkendroM-dUdhaI, cA~dapura, jahAjapura, AmanacAra, serona, bAnapura, lalitapura Adi ko mUrtiyoM kI adhikAMza pUrti kadAcit devagar3ha se hI kI jAtI thii| 9. niSkarSa samAja ke vibhinna vargoM, dharmaparAyaNatA, zikSA, lipi aura bhASA, vezabhUSA tathA prasAdhana, Amoda-pramoda tathA Arthika sthiti ke sUkSma adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai : 1. devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM citrita samAja sabhya, sarala aura zAnta thaa| 2. usakI dhArmika udAratA aura niSThA sarAhanIya thii| 3. dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa nAmaka cAroM puruSArthoM kA yathocita samanvaya yahA~ ke nirjIva pASANoM meM jIvanta kara diyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| 4. bhAratIya saMskRti kI pavitratA yahA~ apanI pUrNatA ko prApta huI hai| 250 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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8 abhilekha 1. prArambhika prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti, kalA aura purAtattva ke adhyayana meM devagar3ha smArakoM aura mUrtiyoM dvArA hI nahIM apitu abhilekhoM dvArA bhI sahAyaka hai| yahA~ lagabhaga 300 choTe-bar3e abhilekha prApta hue haiN| unakA vividha dRSTiyoM se adhyayana kiyA jAya, isake pUrva sAmAnya dRSTi se abhilekhoM kA mahattva jAna lenA upayogI hogA / itihAsa ke srotoM meM sAhitya ke pazcAt abhilekhoM kA hI mahattva sarvAdhika hai / vibhinna rAjavaMzIya abhilekhoM meM nirdiSTa nagara, sImA, mArga tathA vijayayAtrA Adi ke ullekhoM se bhaugolika jJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai / zAsaka tathA guru Adi kI paramparA kA jJAna bhI abhilekhoM se hotA hai| zAsanapraNAlI aura sAmAjika vyavasthA para prakAza par3atA hai| dhArmika jIvana kI jhA~kI milatI hai| AdhyAtmika pragati kA paricaya to milatA hI hai, sAtha hI abhilekhoM se Arthika sthiti kA vistRta jJAna bhI prApta hotA hai / sAhitya ke vibhinna aMgoM meM aba abhilekhoM ko bhI eka mAnA jAne lagA hai unameM kabhI-kabhI atyanta uccakoTi kA kAvyasaundarya bhI dikhAI par3atA hai / abhilekhoM meM prayukta lipiyoM aura bhASAoM kI vividhatA tathA kramika vikAsa ke mUlyAMkana se lipizAstra aura bhASAzAstra ke lekhana meM anivArya sahAyatA milatI hai| abhilekhoM meM tithiyA~ aura saMvat utkIrNa karAne kI paramparA bhI rahI hai, isase kAlagaNanA meM mahattvapUrNa suvidhA hotI hai / 2. abhilekhoM ke sthAna aura uddezya abhilekha, uddezya ke anukUla bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para utkIrNa karAye jAte the| rAjanItika uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie rAjadhAnI, jayaskandhAvAra, rAjyoM ke sImAnta aura jayastambha Adi sthAna cune jAte the / prazAsanika uddezyoM se utkIrNa kiye abhilekha :: 251

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jAnevAle abhilekhoM ke sthAna rAjadhAnI, prazAsanika ikAiyoM ke mukhya nagara, rAjanItika mahattva ke kendra aura sAmAjika yA sArvajanika samArohoM ke sthAna hote the| dhArmika dRSTi se utkIrNa karAye gaye abhilekha mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, stambhoM, zilAkhaNDoM aura dhAtu-paTTikAoM Adi para mile haiM, jo tIrtha-sthAna, sAMskRtika-kendra aura samAroha-sthala Adi se sambandha rakhate haiN| kucha abhilekhoM kA uddezya vaiyaktika hotA thA, jinameM kisI zAsaka, AcArya aura kavi Adi kI prazasti, dAnaghoSaNA yA smRti Adi kA ullekha rahatA hai| aise abhilekha sambaddha vyakti ke nivAsa, zailagRha, rAjadhAnI, jayaskandhAvAra yA sArvajanika mahattva ke sthAnoM para utkIrNa karAye jAte the| 3. abhilekhoM ke avasara abhilekha dAnaghoSaNA, dharmotsava, vijayayAtrA, sAmAjika kAryakrama aura vyApArika tathA rAjanItika ghaTanAoM ke avasaroM para utkIrNa karAye jAte the| kabhI-kabhI mandira, bhavana, stambha, kUpa aura tar3Aga Adi ke nirmANa yA jIrNoddhAra ke samaya bhI abhilekha utkIrNa karAye jAte the| 4. devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM kA adhyayana prastuta bhUmikA ke pariprekSya meM devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM kA adhyayana kareMge aura yaha bhI dekheMge ki prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti, kalA aura purAtattva ke lie unakA kyA yogadAna hai| (a) bAhya pakSa 1. sthAna, uddezya aura avasara : adhikAMza abhilekha bhittiyoM, stambhoM aura mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa haiM, kucha zilAoM para bhI aMkita haiM aura kucha (jainetara) vetravatI ke taTa para nirmita guphAoM meM aura parvatazilAoM para prApta hue haiN| cU~ki sabhI kA uddezya dhArmika thA isalie ve sabhI mandiroM meM yA unake AsapAsa hI utkIrNa karAye gaye haiN| parvatazilAoM para prApta kucha abhilekhoM kA uddezya dhArmika nahIM hai| adhikAMza abhilekha dAna ke avasara para utkIrNa karAye gaye haiN| kucha mandiroM aura stambhoM ke nirmANa aura kucha unake jIrNoddhAra tathA kucha dhArmika utsavoM ke avasara para aMkita kiye gaye haiN| 2. vargIkaraNa : devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM ko mukhya rUpa se cAra vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 1. dAnasUcaka, 2. stutiparaka, 3. smAraka aura 4. any| 252 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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1. dAnasUcaka : devagar3ha meM dAnasUcaka abhilekha hI adhikatara prApta hue haiN| aise abhilekha atyanta saMkSipta haiM aura kabhI-kabhI to ve eka zabda (dAtA kA nAma) taka hI sImita hote haiN| unameM dAtA kA nAma aura usase sambaddha kucha vyaktiyoM ke nAma diye jAte haiM, jinase tatkAlIna nAmakaraNa kI vidhA para prakAza bhale hI par3atA ho para itihAsa Adi ke kSetra meM koI vizeSa sahAyatA nahIM miltii| 2. stutiparaka : yahA~ kucha aise abhilekha bhI prApta hue haiM, jinheM stutiparaka kahA jA sakatA hai| aise abhilekhoM meM maM. saM. 10 (citra 14) stambhalekhoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama karanA caahie| isa mandira meM tIna laghustambhoM para cAroM ora madhyakAlIna nAgarI lipi meM utkIrNa abhilekhoM meM RSabhanAtha, zAntinAtha, mahAvIra Adi tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti gAyI gayI hai| ve saMskRta ke sundara padyoM meM likhe gaye haiN| akSara suDaula haiM, para kahIM-kahIM TUTa gaye haiN| ina stambhoM kA pASANa sapheda baluA hai, jisase unapara aMkita abhilekhoM kI sthiti uttarottara zocanIya hotI jA rahI hai| 3. smAraka : yahA~ smAraka abhilekha bahuta haiN| dAnasUcaka abhilekhoM kI bhA~ti kabhI-kabhI ve bhI bahuta saMkSipta hote haiN| inameM mandiroM ke nirmANa kI sUcanA denevAle, eka apavAdasvarUpa lekha ko chor3akara koI abhilekha nahIM hai| kevala eka abhilekha meM kisI zAntinAtha-caityAlaya ke nirmANa kI sUcanA hai, kintu aba yaha caityAlaya pUrNatayA naSTa ho cukA hai| yaha kadAcit vahI mandira hogA, jisake avazeSa hamane maM. saM. eka ke pAsa khoja nikAle haiN| maM. saM. 5 ke pIche prApta avazeSoM meM bhI isa mandira kA astitva mAnA jA sakatA hai| mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra kI sUcanA denevAle kaI abhilekha mile haiN| inameM se maM. saM. 5 kA eka aura maM. saM. 12 ke do abhilekha mahattvUparNa haiN| maM. saM. 12 kA eka abhilekha' saMvat 919 (862 I.) kA hai| usameM likhA hai ki parama bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja bhojadeva ke mahAsAmanta viSNurAma pacinda ke rAjya meM kamaladevAcArya ke ziSya zrIdeva ne isa stambha kA nirmANa kraayaa| yaha stambha, jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai| pUrvavartI stambha ke naSTa ho jAne para sthApita kiyA gayA hogaa| isameM ullikhita nAma vizeSa mahattva ke haiM jisapara Age prakAza DAlA jaaegaa| 1. ava jaina dharmazAlA meM pradarzita / abhilekha pATha ke lie de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. paaNc| 2. de.--rekhAcitra saMkhyA 37 / 3. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 37 / 4. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. ek| de.-a. tIna meM sambandhita mandira sthApatya kA vrnnn| abhilekha :: 253

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isI ( saMkhyA 12 ) mandira kA dUsarA abhilekha, saMvat 1051 (994 I.) eka dvAra ke punarnirmANa kI sUcanA detA hai | maM. saM. eka ke pIche kI ora sthita eka stambha para kisI kalyANa siMha kA nAma aMkita hai, jisane saMvat 1113 ( 1056 I.) meM usa stambha kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| maM. saM. 18 ke sAmane vidyamAna do ( saMkhyA 15 aura 16 ) meM se eka mAnastambha ( dAyeM, saMkhyA 15 ) para utkIrNa hai ki saMvat 1121 (1064 I.) meM AcArya yazaskIrti ne rAjya - pAla maTha (maM. saM. 18 kA nAma) ke sAmane do stambha ( saMkhyA 15 aura 16 ) nirmita karAye the / upAdhyAya parameSThI kI eka mUrti para saMvat 1343 (1276 I.) meM usake nirmANa kA varNana hai / " yahA~ ke eka abhilekha, " jo aba rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI meM surakSita hai, meM bahuta vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai ki saMvat 1481 (1424 I.) meM eka bhaTTAraka ne zubhacandra kI AjJA se padmanandI aura damabasanta kI mUrtiyA~ samarpita kI thiiN| saMvat 1493 (1436 I.) kA eka abhilekha' devagar3ha kI hI jaina dharmazAlA meM surakSita hai, jisameM ukta zAntinAtha caityAlaya ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| maM. saM. pA~ca ke saMvat 1503 (1446 I.) ke eka abhilekha meM utkIrNa hai ki zAha alapakhA~ ke zAsanakAla meM isa mandira kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA gyaa| isameM zAha alapakhA~ kA ullekha mahArAjAdhirAja Alambhaka ke nAma se huA hai / maM. saM. 7 vidyamAna caraNapAdukA para saMvat 1695 (1638 I.) meM unake samarpita kiye jAne kA varNana hai / " usameM mahArAjAdhirAja udayasiMha aura unakI do rAniyoM ke sAtha pAlIgar3ha kA bhI ullekha hai I 4. anya : anya abhilekhoM meM samaya-samaya para tIrthayAtriyoM dvArA vibhinna sthAnoM para utkIrNa kiye gaye lekha, 'praNamati nityaM' Adi apUrNa vAkya aura mAnacitra" sammilita haiN| 1. praveza dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para utkIrNa / 2. de. - pari. eka, abhi.kra. 10 / 3. de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 99 / 4. samprati jainadharmazAlA sthita di. jaina caityAlaya meM vidyamAna / de. - citra saM. 83 5. de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. tIna / 6. de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra / 7. de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. pA~ca / 8. bhItara kI ora pUrvIdvAra ke Upara jar3A huaa| de. - pari. eka, abhi. kra. 37 1 9. de. - citra saM. 121 10. abhilekha pATha ke lie de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. chaha / 11. de. - maM. saM. 15 meM sthita triloka kA mAnacitra / 254 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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3. lipi, bhASA aura tithi : devagar3ha ke abhilekhoM meM se kucha brAhmI lipi meM aura zeSa nAgarI lipi meM utkIrNa hue haiN| 'jJAnazilA' nAmaka pUrvokta abhilekha meM 18 lipiyoM kA prayoga huA mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ ke abhilekhoM meM se kucha saMskRta, kucha apabhraMza aura kucha hindI bhASAoM meM aMkita hue haiN| kucha kI saMskRta azuddha hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki usa samaya se hI saMskRta ke azuddha rUpa kA pracalana prArambha ho gayA thaa| kabhI-kabhI eka hI abhilekha meM eka se adhika bhASAoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai| kucha abhilekha vizuddha aura uccakoTi kI kAvyamaya saMskRta meM utkIrNa hue haiN| yahA~ ke abhilekhoM para bundelakhaNDa kI kSetrIya bhASA aura sthAnIya boliyoM kA bhI prabhAva par3A hai| __ jaina smArakoM se sambandhita tithiyukta abhilekhoM meM se prAcInatama, saMvat 919 (862 I.) aura navInatama saMvat 1995deg (1939 I.) meM utkIrNa hue haiN| (ba) Antarika pakSa devagar3ha meM prApta abhilekha bAhya pakSa kI apekSA Antarika pakSa meM adhika samRddha haiN| unase kucha aisI sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiM, jo bhAratIya itihAsa ke kucha vivAdAspada pakSoM para prakAza DAlatI haiN| 'jaina sAdhu-saMsthA' meM to ina abhilekhoM se atyanta mahattvUparNa nAma aura tithiyA~ jur3a jAtI haiN| isake atirikta anya viSayoM kA parijJAna bhI inase hotA hai| ina sabakA adhyayana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. bhaugolika mahattva : yahA~ prApta abhilekhoM meM canderIgar3ha, pAlIgar3ha nagara, 1. jaina dharmazAlA meM isa lipi meM aMkita eka abhilekha surakSita hai| nAharaghATI meM bhI isa lipi meM abhilekha utkIrNa hai| 2. de.-citra saM. 491 3. pariziSTa ek| 4. de. - (a) maM. saM. 10 ke stambhoM para utkIrNa stutikaavy| (ba) jaina dharmazAlA meM surakSita saM. 1493 kA abhilekha tathA pari. do, abhi. kra. paaNc| (sa) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dehalI meM surakSita devagar3ha kA abhilekha tathA pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra / 5. de..-maM. saM. 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa abhilekha tathA pari. do., abhi. kra. ek| 6. de.--san 1939 meM, siMghaI bhaiyAlAla gurahA gajaratha ke samaya pratiSThApita mUrtiyoM ke abhilekha evaM maM. saM. 11 ke dvitIya khaNDa ke garbhagRha tathA dharmazAlA-sthita di. jaina caityAlaya meM kramazaH saMgamaramara aura pItala kI mUrtiyA~ / 7. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 371 8. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 4 / / abhilekha :: 255

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luacchagiri' aura gopAlagar3ha ke ullekha haiN| ina sabakA samIkaraNa prAyaH sarvamAnya canderIgar3ha : canderIgar3ha gunA jile meM sthita vartamAna canderI hai, vahA~ kA gar3ha Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| devagar3ha aura canderI kA rAjanItika hI nahIM, apitu sAMskRtika sambandha bhI rahA hai| pAlIgar3ha nagara : pAlIgar3ha nagara jhA~sI jile meM sthita vartamAna pAlI honA cAhie, jo devagar3ha se pUrva kI ora lagabhaga bAraha mIla para sthita hai| luacchagiri : luacchagiri devagar3ha ke prAcIna nAmoM meM se eka hai| gopAlagar3ha : gopAlagar3ha vartamAna gvAliyara honA caahie|' vetravatI : eka abhilekha meM vetravatI kA ullekha hai|' yaha vetavA nadI hai, isake kinAre devagar3ha sthita hai| karanATakI : eka zabda karanATakI bhI prApta huA hai, sambaddha abhilekha kI bhASA itanI azuddha saMskRta hai ki usase isa suparicita zabda karNATaka (bhUtapUrva maisUra rAjya, jise aba karnATaka hI kahA jAne lagA hai) kI vyAkaraNa sambandhI sthiti jAnanA kaThina hai| yaha 'karanATakI' zabda yahA~ yA to lipi ke lie AyA hai yA kisI mahilA ke nAma yA vizeSaNa ke rUpa meN| isa zabda ke pUrva 'deza' zabda utkIrNa hai| ataH yaha bhI sambhava hai ki karNATaka ko hI 'karanATakI' likhA gayA ho| zrI-mAlava-nAga-trAta : isI prakAra eka pada 'zrImAlavanAgatrAta bhI vicAraNIya hai| cU~ki sambaddha abhilekha meM isa zabda ke atirikta aura koI zabda hI nahIM hai, ataH isameM utkIrNa 'mAlava' aura 'nAga' zabdoM kA samIkaraNa anumAna se hI karanA hogaa| trAta saMskRta kA vizeSaNabhUta kRdanta (trai + kta) zabda hai, jisakA artha hotA hai 'rakSita' / ataH sampUrNa zabda kA artha huA mAlava aura nAga dvArA rakSita / yaha abhilekha mandira saMkhyA 22 ke dvAra toraNa para utkIrNa hai| isa abhilekha ke sambandha meM dUsarI anumiti isa prakAra ho sakatI hai : cUMki devagar3ha mAlavagaNa kI sImA meM AtA thA aura usake turanta samIpa uttara-pUrva meM nAga-bhArazivoM kI sImA prArambha ho jAtI thii| ataH yaha sambhava hai ki isa kSetra para 1. de.-pari. eka, abhi., kra. 88 tathA pari. do, abhi. kra. ek| 2. de.--pari. do, abhi. kra. chaha / 3. gvAliyara ke abhilekhoM meM bhI usakA ullekha gopAlagar3ha nAma se prApta hotA hai| de.-gvAliyara kA saM. 1510 meM abhilikhita mahArAjAdhirAja zrI dUMgarendradeva kA lekha-je.e.esa.bI., bhAga 31, pR. __404 aura 423-24 | tathA vahIM kA saMvat 1497 kA eka anya abhilekh| 4. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra / 5. de....pari. do, abhi. kra. chh| 6. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 121 / 256 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mAlavoM aura nAgoM yA unake kinhIM vaMzajoM kI kRpA samAna rUpa se rahI ho, jisake phalasvarUpa yaha mandira (saMkhyA 22, de.-citra saMkhyA 30) nirmita huA ho| yaha bho sambhava hai ki donoM ne isa mandira kI rakSA Adi ke lie koI sthAyI vyavasthA kara dI ho, jisake pramANasvarUpa yaha lekha utkIrNa karAyA gayA ho| 2. itihAsa kI sAmagrI : itihAsa ke nirmANa meM devagar3ha meM prApta abhilekhoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| bhojadeva : yahA~ upalabdha tithi sahita prAcInatama abhilekha' gurjarapratihAra zAsaka bhojadeva kA hai| ise Azvayuja (Azvina = kvAra) zukla caturdazI, vikrama saMvat 919 aura zaka saMvat 784 tadanusAra 10 sitambara 862 I., guruvAra ko utkIrNa karAyA gayA thaa| isa stambhalekha meM jisa mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara bhojadeva kA ullekha hai, vahIM gvAliyara ke saMvat 933 (876 I.) ke eka abhilekha meM bhI ullikhita huA hai| rAjataraMgiNI meM varNita 883 se 901 I. taka ke zaMkaravarman kA samakAlIna bhoja bhI yahI thaa| pehovA abhilekha' kA pramukha pAtra bhI yahI bhojadeva thaa| ina abhilekhoM ke atirikta anya pramANoM se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki isa gurjarapratihAra zAsaka kA zAsana prAyaH sampUrNa uttara bhArata para thaa| viSNurAma pacinda : prastuta abhilekha meM mahAsAmanta viSNurAma pacinda kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhoja ke zAsana meM sAmanta prathA thI, jo mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara kA viruda diyA gayA hai vaha isa dRSTi se sarvathA upayukta rAjapAla : do abhilekhoM se kisI rAjapAla kA nAma jJAta hotA hai| saMvat 1121 meM eka mandira (saMkhyA 18, citra 18) kA nAma 'rAjapAla maTha' pracalita thaa| zrI sAhanI isakA samIkaraNa nahIM kara sake the| parantu jaisA ki DaoN. sA~kaliyA bhI mAnate haiM, yaha gurjarapratihAra vaMza ke antima zAsakoM meM se koI honA caahie| udayapAladeva : do abhilekhoM meM mahAsAmanta udayapAladeva kA nAma prayukta 1. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. ek| 2. de.-e.pI.I., bhAga 18, pR. 99-114 tathA enu. ri., e.esa.Ai., 1903-4 I., pR. 277-85 / 3. kaniMghama : e.esa.Ai., jilda 10, pR. 101 / 4. de.--e.pI. iM. bhAga eka, pR. 18-4-90 / 5. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 99, 100 / 6. de.-e.pI.Ara., 1918, pR. 10 / 7. de.-buleTina oNfa dI Dekkana kaoNleja risarca iMsTITyUTa, jilda eka, saM. 2-4 (mArca, 1940 I.), pR. 162 / 8. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 47, 48| abhilekha :: 257

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huA hai| unameM se eka' para saMvat 1210 aMkita hai aura dUsare para koI saMvat nahIM hai| cA~dapura ke saMvat 1207 (1150 I.) ke eka abhilekha meM bhI udayapAla kA nAma AyA hai| ye donoM udayapAla eka hI vyakti hone caahie| isase, usakI rAjanItika sthiti kA bhI parijJAna hotA hai| saMvat 1207 meM vaha ullekhanIya vyakti to rahA hogA, para saMvat 1210 (1153 I.) taka use mahAsAmanta kA viruda bhI prApta ho cukA thaa| sulatAna mahamUda : saMvat 1503 (1446 I.) ke eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki canderI para (devagar3ha para bhI) mAlavA ke sulatAna mahamUda (1435-75 I.) kA zAsana thaa| inhIM dinoM jaunapura meM bhI isa nAma kA eka zAsaka thaa| sulatAna mahamUda ko yahA~ mahArAjAdhirAja kahA gayA hai| udayasiMha-udetasiMha : eka abhilekha, jisameM saMvat 1693 (1636 I.) aura saMvat 1695 (1638 I.) kA ullekha hai, meM mahArAjAdhirAja udayasiMha kA nAma AyA hai| yahIM kI 'siddha kI guphA' ke eka abhilekha meM ullikhita udetasiMha kadAcita yahI udayasiMha hogaa| zrI hAragrIbja ke anusAra, baruvAsAgara kA durga aura sarovara banavAne ke lie vikhyAta aura udyota, udota evaM udetasiMha nAmoM se prasiddha orachA nareza hI yaha udayasiMha honA caahie| devIsiMha-durgAsiMha : ThIka inhIM saMvatoM (1693 aura 1695) ke ullekha sahita eka anya abhilekha meM mahArAjAdhirAja devIsiMha kA nAma aMkita hai| 'siddha kI guphA' meM bhI saMvat 1789 (1732 I.) ke eka abhilekha meM durgAsiMha ke pitAmaha ke rUpa meM bhI yaha devIsiMha ullikhita hai| nAharaghATI meM bhI eka abhilekha ThIka usI dina (vaizAkha zukla 9, saMvat 1789) utkIrNa karAyA gayA thA, jisa dina 'siddha kI guphA' meN| isameM bhI mahArAjAdhirAja devIsiMha kA nAma mahArAjAdhirAja durgAsiMha ke pitAmaha ke rUpa meM AyA hai| isa abhilekha se itanA aura jJAta hotA hai ki yaha devIsiMha canderI kA bundelA zAsaka thaa| yahIM ke eka satIstambha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha zAsaka saMvat 1698 (1641 I.) meM canderI para zAsana kara rahA thaa| use 1. maM. saM. 12 ke garbhagRha meM dAyIM ora kI devakulikA pr| 2. de.-e.pI. iM., jilda pA~ca, pariziSTa, saM. 126, pR. 19 / 3. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 37 / 4. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 411 5. de.-e.pI. Ara.-1916, pari. a. kra. 15 / 6. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. 6 / 7. de.-dvitIya a. meM sambandhita vrnnn| aura bhI de.- dayArAma sAhanI : e. pI.Ara., 1918, pR. 10 / 258 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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saMvat 1616 (1589 I.) canderI kI rAjagaddI para abhiSikta huA mAnA jAtA hai / ' 3. samAja kA citraNa : jaisA ki saptama adhyAya meM kahA jA cukA hai, samAja kA citraNa karane meM devagar3ha se prApta abhilekhoM kA yogadAna atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / unase samAja kI vibhinna gatividhiyoM aura rIti-rivAjoM kA bodha hotA hai / samAja ke vargIkaraNa kA anumAna bhI inakI sahAyatA se kiyA jA sakatA hai| gotra tathA upajAtiyA~: kaThanerA aura usake sAr3he bAraha gotra, agrotaka, 2 garga, aSTazAkha, 1 golApUrva Adi upajAtiyoM ke ullekha to kevala abhilekhoM se hI prApta hote haiM / 3 sammAnita pada : samAja ke kucha viziSTa zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA bhinna-bhinna prasaMgoM meM ullekha huA hai| ina ullekhoM se niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki Adhunika kAla kI bhA~ti usa kAla meM bhI samAja meM paNDita' aura pratiSThAcArya' Adi kA pracalana thA / pratiSThAtA, pratiSThAtrI, saMghAdhipati" aura siMghaI " Adi jaisI padaviyA~ bhI pradAna kI jAtI thIM / udAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ : yahA~ ke abhilekhoM ke anusAra kalyANasiMha (10), 12 chAtra (pari. do, abhi. tIna), rAmacandra ( vahI), deva (vahI), sAhajI ( 22 ), 1. (a) gajeTiyara oNfa dI yunAiTeDa prAviMseja, jilda 24, pR. 1981 (ba) je. e. esa.bI., jilda 71, bhAga eka, 1902 I., pR. 125 para pAda TippaNI / de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. 41 2-3. 4. de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. 5 / 5. de. - pari. do, abhi. kra. 6 / 6. de. - paM. ajita siMha, lalitasiMha (pari. eka, abhi. 8), paM. guNanandin (vahI, abhi. 17, 114, 119), paM. zubhaMkaradeva aura paM. lAladeva (vahI, abhi. 22), paM. mAghanandI (vahI, abhi. 95 ), paM. gopAla (vahI, abhi. 101 ), paM. nemideva (vahI, abhi. 128 ), paM. nayanasiMha (pari. do, abhi. 5) Adi paNDitoM ke nAma / 7. de. - ajitasiMha (pari. eka, abhi. 45), kamaladevAcArya (vahI, abhi., 58), lokanandI kA ziSya ( vahI, abhi. 109 ), nayanasiMha (pari. do, abhi. 5) Adi pratiSThAcAryoM ke nAma / 8. de. - rAjapAla (pari. eka, abhi. 60), maThapati jaja (vahI, 61), gaMgaka aura zivadeva (vahI, 86 ), kamaladeva ke ziSya zrIdeva (pari. do, abhi. eka) Adi pratiSThAtAoM ke nAma / 9. de. - somatI (pari. eka, abhi. 51), madana (vahI, 52 ), dhaniyA (vahI, 59), amodanI (vahI, 104) Adi pratiSThAtriyoM kI nAmAvali / 10. de. - holI (pari. do., abhi. cAra), jugarAja (vahI, pA~ca) Adi saMghAdhipatiyoM ke nAma / 11. de. - siMghaI lakSmaNa, arjuna, jugarAja, caturthavata (pari. do, abhi. pA~ca) Adi siMghaI upAdhidhAriyoM ke nAma / 12. yahA~ koSThaka meM darzita aMka pariziSTa eka tathA do meM nirdiSTa abhilekhoM kI saMkhyA ke sUcaka haiM / abhilekha :: 259

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holI (pari. do, a. cAra) galheza, zrIvalladeva, zrI lakSmaNapAladeva, kSemarAja, nayanasiMha, ratna, padmasiMha, vIlha, palhika, talhaNa, volhaNa, mahIcandra (4), mahIndrasiMha (6), sAhasasiMha (6), zrIsiMha (9), jasadeva (9 aura 20), jugarAja (pari. do, 5), khemarAja (vahI), arjuna (vahI), rAmadeva (vahI), padma (vahI), nemicandra (26), pAhasa (20), kezava (20), viraca (indra) (31), bhuvanasiMha (46), gaMgaka (86), zivadeva (86), kallana (91), prabhAkara (117), rudravAna (118) Adi zrAvakoM ne vibhinna dharma kAryoM ke lie dAna kiye the| isI prakAra srajAsodharA (111), sAgarasiri (pari. do, a. tIna), sAlasiri (vahI), udayasiri (vahI), devarati (pari. do, a. cAra), padmazrI (vahI), ratnazrI (vahI), sAvinI (7), salAkhI (7), akSayazrI (pari. do, a. pA~ca), kSemA (vahI), guNazrI (vahI), padmazrI (vahI), kAlazrI (vahI), pUrNazrI (vahI), jasadevI (indapaI), ThakurAnI (12), sadiyA (98) Adi zrAvikAoM ne vibhinna avasaroM para vividha dharma kAryoM ke lie dAna kiye the| 4. dhArmika jIvana : saMgha, gaNa, gaccha : vivecya abhilekhoM meM ullikhita aneka saMghoM,' gaNoM, gacchoM, AcAryoM, AryikAoM aura bhaTTArakoM Adi ke nAma sUcita karate haiM ki devagar3ha na kevala mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke lie hI prasiddha thA, pratyuta dharmAtmA puruSoM aura striyoM ke lie bhI prasiddha thaa| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM dvArA dhArmika kRtya : yahA~ ke abhilekhoM meM kamaladeva (58 aura pari. 2-1), zrIdeva' (vahI), ratnakIrti' (3, pari. 2-4), devendrakIrti 1. yahA~ se volhaNa taka ke nAma pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra meM utkIrNa haiN| 2. de.--mUlasaMgha (pari. eka, abhi. tIna), nandisaMgha (pari. do, abhi. tIna), mUlasaMgha (pari. do, abhi. cAra), nandisaMgha (vahI), mUlasaMgha (vahI, pA~ca) aadi| 3. de.-balAtkAragaNa (pari. do, abhi. tIna, cAra aura paaNc)| 4. de-sarasvatIgaccha (pari. eka, abhi. tIna), madasAradagaccha (pari. do, abhi. cAra), sarasvatIgaccha (pari. do, abhi. pA~ca) aadi| 5. jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 128 / 6. jai. pra., pR. 124 / 7. (a) bha., prastA ., pR. 16, pA. Ti. 29,81, 231, 232, 258, 277, 297, 399, 100, 522, 539, 540, 589 1 (ba) jai. pra., pR. 11, 12, 14, 21, 34, 59, 60, 61, 80, 87, 93 / (sa) je. dvi., pR. 33, 54, 130 / (da) rA., pR. 638, 722 ! (i) vI., lekhAMka 1373 / (I) rA. je. saM., pR. 61, 62, 70, 124, 127-30, 132-36, 148, 153, 159, 161, 171, 183, 185, 191, 192 | (u) ane. (va. 17, ki. eka), pR. 38, (jUna (61), pR. / / / (U) jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 2), ki. eka, pR. 58! 260 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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( 3, pari. 2-5 ) 1, tribhuvanakIrti (3 102 103 ), zubhadevanAtha (muni) (23), yazaskIrtyAcArya (99), mAdhavacandra' (50), jayakIrtyAcArya (25), mAdhavanandI' (95), lakSmIcandradeva' (pari. 2-3), kanakacandradeva AcArya (pari. 2-3 ), hemacandradeva' (pari. 1. ( a ) ma. prastA, pR. 6, pA. Ti. 29, lekhAMka 102 103 108-12, 148-78, 186-92, 294, 390, 391, 425, 426, 509, 510, 613, 664-661 (va) bo. lekhaka 1444 1 (sa) A., pR. 7 pra., 8 pa, 92, 94, pa, 123 pra. 125, 127 128, 140, 142, 143, 144, 147 pa, 153 pra. / (da) jai. zi. saM., dvi le. 149-50 (i) hi., pR. 34,200 (pA.Ti.), 426, 493, 531 / (I) rA. jai. saM., pR. 49, 66, 106, 110, 113, 159, 165, 1661 (3) ane. (va. 15, ki. do), pR. 160 (va. 18, ki. pA~ca), pR. 223 / 2. (a) bha. lekhAMka 523, 524, 607, 635, 644, 655 / (ba) A. 153 pra. / (sa) jai. dvi., pR. 122, 134 / (da) jai. pra., pR. 55, 68, 204 / (i) rA. jai. sa., pR. 193-94 / (I) ane. (va. 15, ki. tIna), pR. 1401 3. (37) 4., . 288, 395, 401, 402, 525, 529, 557, 562, 597-98, 646, 655 (a). pra., pR. 34, 35, 37, 60, 61, 68, 70, 981 (sa) jai. dvi., pR. 37, 38, 41, 42, 44 / (da) A. pR. 153, 154 pa, 179 pra. 181, 182 pa / (i) zo. saM, 20, pR. 358 / (I) rA. jai. saM. pR. 41, 84, 85, 88 171, 185, 186, 188, 193 | 4. (a) zo. sa. pA~ca pR. 200 (ba) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 95, 121, 122, 142, 145, 148, 149, 213, 219, 267, 277, 299, 310 ( sa ) saM. pra., pR. 165, 167, 188 / (da) A., pR. 124 pa, 132, 147 pa / (i) jai. dvi., pR. 21 / 5. (a) jai. pra., pR. 27, 56, 62, 75 / (va) jai. dvi., pR. 27 / (sa) A., pR. 124, 130, 147 p| (da) rA. jai. saM., pR. 10, 1831 6. (a) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 95, 121, 122, 142, 148, 149, 213, 219, 267, 277, 2991 (ba) zo. saM. 20, pR. 358 / 7. (a) bha., le. 283, 468-76 / (ba) jai. dvi., pR. 1301 (sa) rA. jai. saM., pR. 106, 109, 111, 148, 159 (da) ane. (va. 18 ki. 5), pR. 227 / 8. (a) A., pR. 132, 133 / (va) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 2991 9. (a) zo., saM. 20, pR. 3601 (ba) A., pR. 84, 123, 1701 (sa) jai. pra., 88, 142, 145, 222 / (da) jai. hi. pa., 57, 60, 711 (i) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 213, 215, 269, 2741 (I) ja. zi. saM. tR., abhi. kra. 560, 640643, 8381 ( u ) jai. zi. saM. ca., abhi. kra. 158, 214, 216, 221, 300, 301, 318, 401, 402, 410-12, 414, 422-23, 428 | (5) fe., 66, 90, 111-13, 426, 439, 526, 543, 561 () ., . 116, 138-39, 171, 177, 260, 264, 270-71, 277, 209, 416, 5731 (T) 4. a. 279, 588, 596-98, 693 | abhilekha :: 261

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2-3), dharmanandI' (57), lalitakIrti bhaTTAraka (pari. 2-6), lokanandin (17, 109, 114, 116), dharmacandra munIndra (pari. do, abhi. cAra), prabhAcandradeva' (pari. do, abhi. cAra, pA~ca), padmAnandI' (pari. do, abhi. cAra, pA~ca), zubhacandra' 1. (a) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi., kra. 104 1 (ba) zo., saM. 20, pR. 3591 2. (a) bha., le. 525-29, 552, 615-17 / (ba) A., pR. 16-19, 37, 38, 109, 111, 153, 154, 1821 (sa) jai. pra., pR. 24, 35, 63, 67, 92, 205 / (da) bI., lekhAMka 15141 (i) zo., saM. 20, pR. 360 / (I) rA., pR. 468, 514, 549, 645, 695, 794, 2206 / (u) jai. zi. saM. tR., abhi. kra. 448, 459-60, 634, 6801 (U) jai. zi. saM. ca., abhi. kra. 222-23, 225, 295-96, 319, 354-55, 379, 382, 403 / (R) rA. jai. saM., pR. 6 / 3. (a) jai. zi. saM. tR., abhi., kra. 3711 (ba) zo., saM. 20, pR. 3581 4. (a) jai. zi. saM. pra., pR. (bhU.) 41 tathA abhi. kra.118 / (ba) vahI, tR., abhi. kra. 714 / (sa) vahI, ca., 717 / (da) A., pR. 93, 94, 98, 123, 154 / (i) rA. jai. saM., pR. 181, 184, 1851 (I) ane. (va. 17, ki. eka), pR. 37 tathA (va. 15, ki. 2), pR. 163-64 1 (u) jainasiddhAntabhAskara (bhAga 22, ki. eka), pR. 58 / 5. (a) jai. zi. saM. pra., bhU., pR. 40, 55, 62-64, 92, 97, 500 tathA abhi. kra. 43, 44, 47, 50-53, 56, 62, 105, 110, 112, 116, 122, 124, 128, 130, 132, 133, 142, 153, 154, 156, 159, (ba) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 107, 122-23, 160, 180, 219, 267, 269, 275, 277, 280, 294, 299, 301 1 (sa) jai. zi. saM. tR., abhi. kra. 452, 470 617 / (da) A., pR. 1, 6, 124-25, 155, 1791 (i) rA. jai. saM., pR. 114, 181, 183-851 (I) jai. sA. i., pR. 16, 35, 47, 70, 81, 128, 137, 159, 220-21, 236, 286, 378, 385, 550 / (u) ane. (va. 15, ki. 3), pR. 138, (va. 17, ki. eka), pR. 38, (va. 15, ki. 2), pR. 161-64 / 6. (a) jai. zi.saM. pra., bhU., pR. 41, 114, 130, 137, 498 tathA abhi. kra. 42, 112, 124, 128, 152, 157, 159-601 (ba) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 209 / (sa) vahI, tR., abhi. kra., 313, 408 431, 551, 585, 617, 7021 (da) A., pR. 6, 89, 119, 124, 133, 152-53, 174, 178, 189-92, 196 / (i) rA. jai. saM., pa. 3, 7, 106, 159, 1611 (I) jai. sA. i., pR. 109, 165, 258, 317, 371, 378 / (u) ane. (va. 17, ki. eka), pR. 39 tathA ki. cAra, pR. 159-60, 162 / (U) jainasiddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 22, ki. eka, pR. 58 / 7. (a) jai. zi. saM. pra.. bha. pa. 40.41, 49, 188,471.489 tathA abhi. kra. 43, 45-505 -63-65, 90-91, 92, 98, 112, 116, 130, 144, 153, 155, 158, 360, 446-47, 486, 489 / (ba) vahI dvi., abhi. kra. 160, 180, 232, 245, 251, 253, 284, 301 / (sa) vahI tR., abhi. 433, 448, 449, 454, 459, 465, 470, 592, 617, 621, 702 / (da) A. , pR. 20, 21, 22, 68, 119 / (i) rA. jai. saM., pR. 5, 6, 52, 62-64, 66-68, 160-64, 172, 178, 180, 181, 206, 208, 209 / (I) jai. sA. i., pR. 48, 156, 203, 310, 332, 378, 408, 460, 473, 558 / (u) ane. (va. 17) ki. eka, pR. 36, kiraNa cAra, pR. 159, 164 / (U) jainasiddhAnta-bhAskara, bhAga 22, ki. eka, pR. 58 / 262 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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(pari. do, abhi. cAra), kIrtyAcArya (19), gaNI (32), bhAvanandI (33), candrakIrti (39), mAdhavadevacandra' (85), nAgasenAcArya (90), mAghanandI (101), sahasrakIrti' (124) Adi aneka AcAryoM aura bhaTTArakoM ke dhArmika-kRtyoM kA kabhI saMkSipta to kabhI vistRta varNana utkIrNa huA hai| sAtha hI induA (11 aura 30) lavaNazrI (107), navAsI (25), madana (52), dharmazrI (22) Adi AryikAoM ke sakriya dhArmika sahayoga aura jIvana kI gAthAe~ bhI abhilikhita haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA : devagar3ha meM upalabdha sahasroM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM, una para utkIrNa abhilekhoM tathA kucha mUrtiyoM ke pAdapITha meM vinIta bhaktoM ke aMkana ke AdhAra para vahA~ ke samAja ke dhArmika jIvana aura sudRr3ha AsthA kA paricaya sahaja hI prApta ho jAtA hai| isa sabake atirikta vahA~ ke abhilekhoM meM RSabha (17, 42-44, 52, 82 tathA pari. do, abhi. cAra), ajita (51, 61), sambhava (60, 120), sumati (1, 42-44), candraprabha (114-15, 119), zAntinAtha (42-44, 46, 106 tathA pari. do, abhi. cAra), malli (117), pArzvanAtha (86, 87), tathA vardhamAna (42-44 evaM pari. do, abhi. cAra) Adi ke nAma bhI aMkita haiN| kucha meM tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana 1. bha., le. 6221 2. (a) jai. zi.saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 136 1 (ba) zo., saM. 20, pR. 360 / 3. (a) A., pR. 84, 133 / (ba) jai. pra., pR. 62, 83, 180 / (sa) jai. dvi, pR. 14, 56, 130 / (da) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 212, 227, 239, 241, 280 / (i) jai. zi.saM. tR., abhi. kra. 545, 571, 600 / (I) vahI ca., 208, 367, 383, 402, 403, 405 / (u) bha. le. 204, 221, 222, 267, 286, 539, 540, 709, 724 aadi| (U) rA., le. 209, 594 / (R) rA. jai. saM., pR. 156, 159, 160, 167 / 4. (a) jai. zi. saM. dvi., abhi. kra. 145, 3011 (ba) vahI tR., 534, 568, 667 / (sa) vahI ca., pR. 154, 233-34, 242-43, 266, 268, 372 1 (da) A., pR. 124, 132, 147 / (i) jai. sA. i., pR. 271-73, 3101 5. (a) jai. zi. saM. pra., bhU., pR. 14 tathA abhi. kra. 112, 126, 150 / (ba) vahI dvi., abhi. 45 / (sa) vahI ca., pa. 72, 84-85 / (da) A., pR. 129 / 6. (a) jai. zi. saM. pra., bhU., pR. 40, 41, 55, 105, 129, 130, 499 tathA abhi. kra. 42, 100, 112, 124, 128-30, 132-34, 157, 159, 461 / (ba) vahI, dvi., abhi. kra. 204, 267, 277, 280, 293, 300 / (sa) vahI tR., abhi. kra. 307-8, 313, 320, 334, 411, 465, 514, 524, 571, 667 / (da) vahI ca., pR. 22, 58, 60, 98, 150, 152, 166, 204, 207, 229, 258, 271-72 / (i) A., pR. 22, 43-47, 124, 133 / 7. (a) jai. zi. saM. ca., pR. 373, 379 / (ba) jai. sA. i., pR. 333-34, 341, 361, 398 / (sa) ane. (va. 15, ki. do), pR. 81 / 8. jai. zi. saM. tR., abhi. kra. 418 / 9. de..--(1) maM. saM. 10 meM utkIrNa abhilekha (pari. eka, abhi. 42-44) / (2) pari. do, abhi. cAra aura paaNc| abhilekha :: 263

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bhI huA hai| ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki abhilikhita tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA devagar3ha meM vizeSa rUpa se pracalita thii| siddhAtmAoM ke ullekha : yahA~ ke eka abhilekha (pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra) meM rAmacandra, sugrIva Adi siddhAtmAoM kA guNasmaraNa aura atyanta Adara ke sAtha ullekha huA hai| ataH yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki devagar3ha kA samAja prAcIna mahApuruSoM kA guNasmaraNa karatA thA tathA use paurANika kathAoM kI acchI jAnakArI thii| smAraka aura deva-deviyA~ : devagar3ha ke kucha abhilekhoM meM vahA~ ke smArakoM aura deva-deviyoM ke ullekha bhI prApta hote haiN| udAharaNArtha-zAntyAyatana (pari. do, abhi. eka) zrI zAntinAtha caityAlaya (pari. do, abhi. pA~ca), jinAlaya evaM jaina-dharmAlaya (pari. do, abhi. cAra), dAnazAlA (pari. eka, abhi. kra. 125, 126, 129), caraNapAdukA (pari. eka, abhi. kra. 18, 41), rAjapAla maTha (pari. eka, abhi. kra. 99), Adi smArakoM tathA cakrezvarI (pari. eka, abhi. 58, 100), sulocanA (citra 101), padmAvatI (pari. eka, abhi. 104), mAlinI (pari. eka, abhi. 102), sarasvatI (pari. eka, abhi. 103 tathA pari. do, abhi. cAra) Adi deviyoM ke abhilekhana bhI devagar3ha ke samAja kI dhArmika AsthA ko sUcita karate haiN| 5. zikSA aura sAhitya : yaha vistArapUrvaka kahA jA cukA hai ki devagar3ha ke prAcIna samAja meM zikSA para adhika bala diyA jAtA thaa| yaha tathya mUDhaMkanoM, dvArA to pramANita hotA hI hai, abhilekhoM dvArA bhI saMpuSTa hotA hai| unameM aneka sthAnoM para guru-ziSya paramparA utkIrNa kI gayI hai| guruoM kA smaraNa atyanta zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| deva nAma ke eka chAtra kA ullekha huA hai, jo apane guru ko nitya praNAma karatA thA (praNamati nityN)| guru-ziSya paramparA mahilAoM meM bhI pracalita thii| sAgarasiri nAmaka mahilA-guru kI do ziSyAoM (celI), sAlasiri aura udayasiri ke nAma utkIrNa hue haiN| adhyayana-adhyApana vividha viSayoM kA hotA thaa| eka abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ samayasAra jaise adhyAtmazAstra, jJAnArNava-jaise yogazAstra aura yazastilaka campU-jaise kAvyagranthoM kA paThana-pAThana hotA thaa| 1. de.-citra saM. 75 tathA 77 se 85 tk| 2. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. eka, tIna, cAra, pA~ca Adi / 3. de.-vhii| 4. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. tiin| 5. de.-vhii| 6. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. caar| 264 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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jahA~ taka bhASA aura sAhitya kA prazna hai, devagar3ha ke paNDita aura AcArya prakANDa vidvAn the| kAvyaracanA meM ve kitane kuzala the, isakA pramANa unake dvArA likhita stutikAvyoM aura abhilekhIya kAvyoM meM prApta hotA hai| eka abhilekha kA prArambha karatA huA kAvyakAra prANimAtra ko mitra kI saMjJA dekara udbodhita karatA hai, "aho mitra ! Atmahita kA Azraya grahaNa kara, moharUpI vana ko tyAga, kartavya aura akartavya ko samajha, vairAgya dhAraNa kara, zarIra aura AtmA meM sunizcita antara kA cintana kara tathA dharmadhyAnarUpI amRta ke samudra meM gaharA gotA lagAkara ananta sukharUpI svarUpa se sampanna kamalavadanA mukti kA saMgama kr|"3 _ virodhAbhAsa aura mudrA alaMkAroM kA samanvita prayoga karatA huA koI kavi jinendradeva kI stuti karatA hai, "jo apanI vAmA (patnI) mAyA ke sAtha rahate haiM, phira bhI amAya (mAyArahita) haiN| sAtha hI atyanta asundara mAyA (chala) aura Amaya (roga) se rahita haiM, sundara haiM, zobhamAna lakSmaNoM (lakSaNoM) se sampanna haiM, pUjA ke yogya haiM, sItApati rAmacandra aura sugrIva dvArA jinakA mahAn sammAna huA hai aura jo ekamAtra zirodhArya haiM, jo zalya ke sAtha duzzAsana kA bhI nAza karanevAle haiM, sAtha hI zalyasahita (kaSTaprada) duzzAsana (dUSitazAsana) kA nAza karanevAle haiM, jo sahadeva dvArA pUjya ajAtazatru (yudhiSTira) haiM, sAtha hI devoM ke dvArA upAsya aura zatrurahita hai,....aise mRgAMka (mRgalAMchanavAle) zAntinAtha kI vandanA karatA huuN|"4 isI prakAra vibhinna arthA- laMkAroM aura zabdAlaMkAroM kA prazaMsanIya prayoga sthAna-sthAna para dekhA jA sakatA hai| 6. Arthika sthiti : adhikAMza abhilekhoM meM mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ke nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra Adi ke hetu dAna karanevAle zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke ullekha milate haiM, jinase jJAta hotA hai ki devagar3ha kA prAcIna samAja itanA sampanna thA ki vaha jIvana sambandhI bhinna-bhinna AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karake bhI paryApta dAna kara sakatA thaa| 1. de.-pari. eka, abhi. kra. 42-44 / 2. de.-pari. do, abhi. kra. cAra, paaNc| 3. de.-pari. do abhilekha kra. pA~ca kA padya prathama "AtmArtha aya muMca mohagaganaM mitraM viveka guru| vairAgyaM bhaja bhAvayasva niyataM bhedaM zarIrAtmanaH / dharmadhyAnasudhAsamudrakuhare kRtvA'vagAhaM param / pazyAnanta-sukha-svabhAvakalitaM muktiM mukhaambhoruhm|" 4. de.-pari. do, abhilekha kra. cAra ke padya pA~ca aura chaha svavAmamAyAmayamapyamAyaM, vAmaM lsllkssmnnmrhnnaahm| sIteza-sugrIva-mahAhaNArha, vande saharSa sahasaikazIrSam // 5 // sazalyadaHzAsananAzahetumajAtazatru shdevvrym| vande vizAlArjuna sadya... nandatsatAM karNa kulaM mRgAGkam // 6 // abhilekha :: 265

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isa kathana kI puSTi una mUryaMkanoM se bhI hotI hai, jinameM aneka zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko bahumUlya vastrAlaMkAroM se susajjita tathA raMgareliyA~ manAte hue pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki abhilekha devagar3ha ke prAcIna itihAsa, saMskRti, dharma, aura kalA Adi para mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlane meM pUrNataH samartha haiN| 1. de.-citra saM. 88, 90, 93, 114, 116, 119, 121, 122 tathA 57, 118 aadi| 266 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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9 upasaMhAra prastuta zodhakArya kI upalabdhiyA~ prastuta prabandha ke pichale adhyAyoM meM devagar3ha ke jaina sthApatya, mUrtikalA evaM sAMskRtika jIvana kA samagra adhyayana prathama bAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sara alekjeNDara kaniMghama ne bhAratIya purAtAttvika sarvekSaNa ke sandarbha meM san 1874 I. meM devagar3ha kA bhI AMzika sarvekSaNa kiyA thaa| usake pazcAt bhI yahA~ kI kalA ke sarvekSaNa-adhyayana ke zAsakIya tathA sAmAjika prayatna hote rahe, kintu samagra adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa prabandha ke pUrva anya koI prayatna nahIM huaa| devagar3ha meM prApta abhilekhoM se spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki 'devagar3ha' yaha isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma nahIM hai| isa sthAna kA prAcIna nAma 'luacchagiri' thaa| isa nAma kA ullekha yahA~ ke jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke ardhamaNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa vikrama saMvat 919 ke abhilekha meM prApta hotA hai| isake pazcAt gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM isa sthAna kA nAma 'kIrtigiri' pracalita huaa| isa nAma kA ullekha yahA~ kI rAjaghATI meM candelavaMzI zAsaka kIrtivarmA ke mantrI vatsarAja dvArA utkIrNa karAye gaye vikrama saMvat 1154 ke abhilekha meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa sthAna kA 'devagar3ha' nAmakaraNa bArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta athavA terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huA pratIta hotA hai| caudahavIM zatAbdI ke eka abhilekha meM isa nAma kA saMketa milatA hai| isa nAma ke pracalana kA pramukha kAraNa, yahA~ asaMkhya deva-martiyoM tathA devAyatanoM kI upalabdhi ke sAtha hI sAtha eka viziSTa marti-nirmANa kendra ke rUpa meM isakI prasiddhi bhI hai| aisA eka bhI sAkSya prApta nahIM hotA, jisake AdhAra para isa sthAna ke nAma ko kisI rAjA, mahArAjA aura AcArya ke nAma ke sAtha jor3A jA ske| aitihAsika pariprekSya meM devagar3ha ke adhyayana kI upalabdhiyA~ aneka dRSTiyoM se viziSTa haiN| yahA~ prAgaitihAsika kAla se lekara mugala, marAThA evaM a~garejoM ke upasaMhAra :: 267

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zAsanakAla taka bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsa kI eka avicchinna dhArA prApta hotI hai| yahA~ betavA ke taTa para utkhanana meM prAgaitihAsika kAla ke astra prApta hue haiM tathA rAjaghATI kI katipaya guphAoM meM AdimAnava dvArA nirmita prAgitihAsa kAla ke citra milate haiN| yahA~ ke eka abhilekha meM mauryakAlIna brAhmI kA bhI prayoga huA hai| gupta yuga meM to yahA~ aneka viziSTa mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huaa| gurjara-pratihAroM ke zAsana meM yahA~ kI kalA aura sthApatya ko paryApta samRddhi prApta huii| yahA~ upalabdha eka abhilekha gurjara ke pratihAravaMzI zAsaka bhoja ke samaya tathA rAjya sImA ko spaSTa zabdoM meM udghoSita karatA hai| candelavaMzIya zAsaka kIrtivarman ke samaya se vartamAna devagar3ha kA nAma luacchagiri se kIrtigiri rakhA gayA tathA usake mantrI vatsarAja ne yahA~ eka navIna giridurga kA nirmANa bhI kraayaa| usake pazcAt bhI sAMskRtika samRddhi kI eka avicchinna dhArA yahA~ pravAhita hotI hai| devagar3ha meM vidyamAna ikatIsa mandiroM, nau laghu mandiroM evaM unnIsa stambhoM (mAnastambhoM) kI paripUrNa paimAiza prathama bAra isa adhyayana meM kI gayI hai| devagar3ha durga tathA vahA~ kI prAcIna ghATiyA~, nAharaghATI aura rAjaghATI, siddha kI guphA, varAha evaM dazAvatAra mandiroM tathA satI stambhoM kA bhI isa prabandha meM vivecana kiyA gayA mandira-vAstu kI dRSTi se devagar3ha ke mandiroM meM zAstrIya vidhAna kA pUrNa nirvAha na hone para bhI sarvatobhadra, pUrNabhadra, SoDazabhadra, paMcAyatana Adi zailiyoM kA paripUrNa nidarzana upalabdha hotA hai| isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla se gurjara-pratihArakAla taka mandira-vAstu kA jo vikAsa huA, usakA spaSTa prabhAva yahA~ ke mandira-vAstu meM parilakSita hotA hai| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM tIrthaMkaroM, deva-deviyoM, vidyAdharoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM tathA upAsakoM kI mUrtiyA~ pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hotI haiN| bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke itihAsa meM yahA~ kI mUrtiyoM kA yogadAna advitIya hai| devagar3ha meM upalabdha do iMca se lekara teraha phuTa taka kI vizAlakAya tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke atirikta nAmotkIrNa caubIsa yakSiyoM, vidyAdeviyoM, vidyAdharoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM upAsakoM kI mUrtiyoM ke nidarzana bhAratIya kalA meM atyanta virala haiN| devagar3ha kI jaina kalA meM nidarzita yugmoM aura maNDaliyoM, vibhinna prakAra ke pratIkoM, pazuoM aura vibhinna jIva-jantuoM, Asana evaM mudrAoM tathA prAkRtika pariveza ke zilpAMkana bhAratIya kalA meM apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhate haiN| devagar3ha kI kalA aura sthApatya meM vahA~ ke sAMskRtika jIvana kA itihAsa mukharita hotA hai| samAja ke vibhinna varga, caturvidha saMgha, sAdhu sampradAya, bhaTTAraka, gRhastha-zrAvaka, sAmAjika jIvana ke vibhinna aMga, zikSA aura sAhitya, lipi evaM 268 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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'bhApA, vezabhUSA tathA prasAdhana, Amoda-pramoda, Arthika jIvana ityAdi kA paryApta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| devagar3ha ke abhilekha vahA~ kI kalA tathA sAmAjika jIvana ke itihAsa kI hI kahAnI nahIM kahate pratyuta bhAratIya bhUgola evaM prAcIna itihAsa ke adhyayana ke lie bhI prabhUta sAmagrI upalabdha karAte haiM aura nAgarI lipi kA vikAsa krama bhI sUcita karate haiN| prabandha ke anta meM saMlagna kiye gaye pariziSTa tathA 124 citra evaM vinyAsa rUparekhAe~ samagra vivecana ke sAtha apanA nijI vaiziSTya rakhate haiN| devagar3ha ke sabhI jaina abhilekhoM kA eka sAtha vivaraNa evaM viziSTa abhilekhoM kA mUlapATha bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kalA aura saMskRti ke vibhinna pakSoM se sambandhita itane adhika citra bhI anyatra nahIM sa~joye gye| vastutaH ye citra evaM vinyAsa rekhAe~ devagar3ha kI jaina kalA ke adhyayana kA eka anivArya aura abhinna aMga haiN| inake mAdhyama se bhAratIya mUrtikalA evaM mandira-vAstu ke adhyayana ke lie aneka navIna AyAma udghATita hoNge| isa prakAra bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsa ke vyApaka pariprekSya meM kiyA gayA devagar3ha kI jaina kalA kA yaha sAMskRtika adhyayana vahA~ ke sthApatya, zilpa tathA sAMskRtika jIvana ke adhyayana kA eka vinamra prayatna hai| katipaya zocanIya tathya prArambha meM devagar3ha ke sthapatiyoM aura zilpiyoM ne adhyAtmapradhAna kRtiyA~ nirmita kii| kAlAntara meM bhaTTArakoM ke prabhAva kI vRddhi ke sAtha yaha pravRtti kSINa hotI gayI aura uttarottara bhautika upalabdhiyoM para bala diyA jAne lgaa| phalasvarUpa kalA meM nikhAra aura vividhatA to avazya AyI, parantu usameM prANatattva kA hrAsa hotA gyaa| sAttvikatA aura maulikatA guptottara kAla meM kSINa se kSINatara hotI gyiiN| bhale hI yaha tathya bhAratavyApI ho, para isake lie devagar3ha bhI kama uttaradAyI nahIM hai| devagar3ha ke bhaTTArakoM ne jaina kalA ko kitanA hI samRddha banAyA ho, para unhoMne jaina sAhitya kI ora tanika bhI dhyAna nahIM diyaa| isa dRSTi se devagar3ha kA mahattva ekAMgI raha jAtA hai| yahA~ ke kalAprerakoM aura kalAkAroM kA jhukAva guNavattA kI apekSA parimANa kI ora adhika rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yahA~ sahasroM mUrtiyA~ gar3hI gayIM, para kalAgata vilakSaNatA kI dRSTi se ginI-cunI mUrtiyoM kA hI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA kucha mandiroM kI, vizeSataH upatyakA ke mandiroM kI bhUmi kA cayana upayukta na ho skaa| phalasvarUpa ve samaya ke pravAha meM ulajhakara raha gye| adhityakA para upasaMhAra :: 269

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nirmita mandiroM meM se bhI adhikAMza dhvasta ho cale haiN| kucha mandiroM ke adhiSThAna itane nIce rakhe gaye ki aba ve bhUmi ke samatala ho gaye haiN| pravezadvAra bhI bahuta choTe banAye gaye / eka nizcita aura kramabaddha nirmANa-paramparA ke na rahane se devagar3ha kI vAstukalA kI eka svatantra zailI na bana sakI, jaisA ki anya aneka kalAkendroM meM huaa| zAstrIya vidhAnoM kA pAlana yathocita rUpa meM na to sthapatiyoM ne kiyA aura na hI zilpiyoM ne| isa prakAra devagar3ha kI kalA meM kucha zocanIya tathya bhI prApta hote haiN| sujhAva devagar3ha kI bahumUlya kalArAzi kI surakSA aura mUlyAMkana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| 1 1. surakSA ke lie jIrNoddhAra prAcIna kAla se hI kiyA jAtA rahA, para yaha kArya Arthika dRSTi se utanA jaTila nahIM, jitanA takanIkI dRSTi se / isameM prAcIna smArakoM ke maulika rUpa kA jJAna aura usake AdhAra para jIrNoddhAra kArya AsAna nahIM hai| isake lie vizeSajJoM kI sahAyatA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| 2. kucha varSa pUrva aneka mUrtiyoM kA bhaMjana tathA bahuta se durlabha kalAvazeSoM kI corI ho gayI hai| zAsana kA dhyAna vizeSa rUpa se isa ora jAnA caahie| 3. zAsana kI ora se devagar3ha kSetrIya prabandha samiti' ke adhikAra meM jo bhUmi dI gayI hai, usameM adhikAMza smAraka sthita haiN| kucha smArakoM ke avazeSa usa bhUmi ke bAhara bhI prApta hue haiM, ataH vaha bhUmi bhI surakSA kI dRSTi se kSetrIya prabandha samiti ke adhikAra meM honI cAhie / 4. bikharI huI prAcIna sAmagrI ko ekatra karake eka acche saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita karanA bahuta Avazyaka hai / parantu sampUrNa sAmagrI eka to usameM pradarzita kiye jAne ke yogya nahIM aura vipulatA ke kAraNa vaha pradarzita bhI nahIM kI jA sakatI / aisI sAmagrI kI sarvathA upekSA nahIM honI caahie| use jaina prAcIra ke pRSThabhAga se saMlagna barAmadA jaisI alpavyayasAdhya vIthikA nirmita karAkara usameM pradarzita kiyA jAnA cAhie / 5. abhilekhoM ko jalavAyu aura darzakoM se pahu~canevAlI kSati se bacAye rakhane ke lie pAradarzaka AvaraNoM se AveSTita kiyA jAnA cAhie / 6. devagar3ha ke bhUgarbha meM paryApta sAmagrI ke dabe rahane ke pramANa prAyaH milate haiM / adhityakA para khode jAnevAle kue~ meM chaha phuTa kI gaharAI para eka dIpaka prApta huA hai| isI prakAra jaina prAcIra kI nIMva khodate samaya IMToM kI prAcIna bhittiyA~ aura aneka pratimAe~ prApta huI thIM / vastutaH yahA~ aba taka utkhanana kArya nahIM kiyA gyaa| 270 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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ataH kendrIya tathA rAjya zAsanoM ko yahA~ vaijJAnika utkhanana karAne kI vyavasthA karanI caahie| 7. mUrtibhaMjakoM dvArA kATe gaye mUrtiyoM ke jo sira vApasa mile haiM unheM saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita na karake sambaddha mUrtiyoM se yathAsthAna saMyukta karA denA caahie| 8. adhityakA taka parivardhita sar3aka aura bhI parivardhita kI jAnI cAhie tAki. nAharaghATI, rAjaghATI, siddha kI guphA aura varAha-mandira taka vAhana dvArA bhI pahuMcA jA ske| 9. kalA kA samucita mUlyAMkana honA caahie| isake lie prazikSita pradarzaka, pradarzikA-pustikA aura citra-kArDoM kI vyavasthA kI jA sakatI hai| kucha mUrtiyoM kI 'perisa-plAsTara' kI pratikRtiyA~ nirmita karAyI jA sakatI haiN| 10. nikaTavartI sthAnoM se samaya-samaya para prApta hotI rahanevAlI sAmagrI kA saMcaya aura pradarzana sthAnIya sAmagrI se pUrNatayA bhinna rUpa meM honA cAhie, tAki yahA~ kI maulika vizeSatAoM aura upalabdhiyoM kI bhinnatA banI rhe| 11. devagar3ha ko eka prathama zreNI ke paryaTana kendra kA rUpa diyA jAnA caahie| mandiroM ke AsapAsa udyAnoM kI yojanA kI jA sakatI hai| havAI paTTI kA nirmANa karAyA jA sakatA hai| kSetra ko adhikAdhika mahattva dene ke lie yahA~ vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha lakar3I aura patthara ke udyoga bar3e paimAne para sthApita kiye jA sakate haiN| vanopaja kA 'Dipo' bhI yahA~ sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ____12. yahA~ kI kalA kA mUlyAMkana karanevAle vidvAnoM ko protsAhana milanA caahie| anta meM yaha kahanA upayukta hogA ki devagar3ha kI jaina kalA kI surakSA aura mUlyAMkana na kevala eka sthAnavizeSa aura dharmavizeSa ke kAraNa pratyuta prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva ke sandarbha meM anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka hai| upasaMhAra :: 271

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pariziSTa 1. abhilekhoM kI sUcI aura saMkSipta vivaraNa isa pariziSTa meM devagar3ha ke jaina abhilekhoM kI sUcI aura unakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa krama se diyA gayA hai : (ka) abhilekhotkIrNa vastu / (kha) maap| (ga) bhASA aura lipi / (gha) utkIrNa tithi aura rAjA kA nAma aadi| (Ga) abhilekha kA vissy| 1. (ka) zrI epha. sI. bleka ko devagar3ha durga meM hI prApta kintu samprati rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI meM pradarzita shilaaphlk| (kha) chaha phuTa do iMca >> do phuTa nau iMca x tIna iNc| (ga) sAhityika saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) guruvAra, vaizAkha zukla pUrNamAsI, vikramAbda 1481 tathA zAlivAhana (zaka) saMvat 1346 / rAjA-gorI vaMza kA zAha Alambhaka, yaha mAlavA kA zAsaka thaa| sulatAna dilAvara gorI ke dvArA saMsthApita mAlavA ke gorI vaMza meM dvitIya saradAra sulatAna huzaMga gorI urpha alapakhA~ thaa| isane mANDa nagara basAkara apanI rAjadhAnI dhAra se mANDu sthAnAntarita kI thii| isakA zAsanakAla I. 1405 se 1432 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai| saradAra alapakhA~ isa abhilekha meM zAha Alambhaka ke nAma se aMkita kiyA gayA hai tathA isI kI navIna rAjadhAnI kA nAma abhilekha meM 'maNDapapura' diyA gayA hai| (Ga) uccakoTi kI kAvyAtmaka saMskRta meM utkIrNa isa abhilekha meM vistRta rUpa se holI nAmaka dAtA kI prazasti aMkita huI hai| usane AcArya zubhacandra kI AjJA se devagar3ha meM eka vizAla jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA kucha mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA bhI karAyI thii| (abhilekha pATha ke lie dekheM pariziSTa do, abhilekha kramAMka caar|) 2. (ka) samprati jaina dharmazAlA sthita digambara jaina caityAlaya meM vidyamAna 272 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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upAdhyAya mUrti / (kha) gyAraha iMca - DhAI iNc| pA~ca paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ravivAra, jyeSTha vadI dazamI, vikramAbda 1333 / (Ga) sAlasiri (zAlazrI) evaM udayasiri (udayazrI) nAmaka chAtrAoM tathA deva nAmaka chAtra dvArA zraddhApUrvaka isa mUrti ke samarpaNa kA vrnnn| (abhilekha pATha ke lie de.-pariziSTa do, abhilekha kramAMka 31) 3. (ka) eka patthara kI bAvalI ke nikaTa rakhA huA, kisI stambha kA khaNDita aNsh| (kha) teraha pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) mAgha zukla caturdazI, saMvat 1016 / (Ga) zrImUlasaMghAntargata sarasvatIgaccha ke AcArya ratnakIrti ke ziSya devendrakIrti aura unake ziSya tribhuvanakIrti kI prshsti| 4. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke pIche (pazcima meM) 5 phuTa 3 iMca U~cA sAdA stmbh| (kha) dasa iMca x dasa iNc| nau pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta (azuddha), devnaagrii| (gha) budhavAra, mAgha sudI dazamI, saMvat 1493 / (Ga) mahIcandra dvArA karAyI gayI mUrti sthApanA kA vrnnn| 5. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka kI dIvAra kA shilaaphlk| (kha) pA~ca pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) vIranandI nAmaka jaina muni kI vaMzAvalI aMkita huI hai| 6. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke maNDapa meM prApta stambha-eka or| (kha) do-do paMktiyoM ke do abhilekha / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) jyeSTha sudI ekama, saMkhyA 1113 / (Ga) mahIndrasiMha evaM sAhasiMha nAmaka do dAtAroM ke nAma Adi diye gaye haiM tathA ina donoM ko mUrti ke pAdapITha ke madhya meM vinayAvanata mudrA meM utkIrNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| 7. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke maNDapa meM prApta stambha-dUsarI or| (kha) eka-eka paMkti ke do abhilekh| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) jyeSTha sudI ekama, saMkhyA 1113 / (Ga) sAvinI aura salAkhI nAmaka do mahilA-dAtAroM ke nAma aMkita haiN| 8. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke maNDapa meM prApta stambha-tIsarI ora / (kha) tIna-tIna paMktiyoM ke do abhilekh| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) jyeSTha sudI ekama, saMkhyA 1113 / (Ga) paM. ajitasiMha tathA paM. lalitasiMha nAmaka do dAtAroM ke nAma utkIrNa haiN| 9. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke maNDapa meM prApta stambha-cauthI or| (kha) do-do paMktiyoM ke do abhilekha / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) jyeSTha sudI ekama, saMkhyA 1113 / (Ga) zrIsiMha aura jasadeva nAmaka do dAtAoM ke nAma aMkita haiN| pariziSTa :: 273

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10. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke maNDapa meM prApta-cauthI or| (kha) dasa pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) jyeSTha sudI ekama, saMkhyA 1113 / (Ga) stambhanirmANa kA vrnnn| isa para kalyANasiMha ne abhilekha utkIrNa kraayaa| 11. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka meM kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara muurti| (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1095 / (Ga) AryikA induA dvArA mUrti pradAna karane kA vivrnn| 12. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka kI dIvAra kA shilaaphlk| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) mAdhavinI ThakurAnI jasadevI indrapaI ke nAma kA ullekha hai| 13. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke utkhanana kArya meM prApta tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) kisI mahilA dvArA prnnaam| 14. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA do meM vidyamAna bAhubalI kI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) yaha gommaTa kI mUrti hai, aisA ullekha hai| 15. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA do meM vidyamAna cAra phuTa pA~ca iMca UMcI padmAsana mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1052 / (Ga) dAtA kA nAma utkIrNa hai| 16. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA do meM vidyamAna cAra phuTa ATha iMca U~cI padmAsana ___ mUrti / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1023 / (Ga) aspsstt| 17. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA do ke nikaTa prApta AdinAtha-mUrti kA pAdapITha / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) zrI lokanandin ke ziSya paNDita guNanandin dvArA AdinAtha kI isa mUrti kI sthApanA karAye jAne kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 18. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA do ke nikaTa prApta eka bhagna stambha (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) jinendra bhagavAn (tIrthaMkara) kI caraNapAdukA nirmANa karAne kA vivrnn| 19. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA do ke nikaTa prApta uparyukta stambha (dUsarI or)| (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) kIrtyAcArya ke nAma kA ullekha hai| 20. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA tIna meM sthita sirahIna kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti 274 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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(tIna phuTa U~cI ) / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) pAhasa ke pautra evaM jasadeva ke putra kezava ne yaha mUrti sthApita karAyI / 21. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA tIna meM sthita padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti (cAra phuTa sAr3he ATha iMca U~cI) / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) kevala ( pra )timA zabda aMkita hai / 22. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA tIna meM sthita kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti (2 phuTa 6 iMca U~cI) / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1209 | (Ga) paNDita zubhaMkara deva, paNDita lAladeva, AryikA dharmazrI evaM sAhajI ke nAma utkIrNa haiM / 23. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA tIna / (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) zubhadevanAtha muni kA varNana hai / 24. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke maNDapa kA stambha / (kha) dasa paMktiyA~ | (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1224 / (Ga) bhaTTAraka sAdhu kI vaMzAvalI dI gayI hai / 25. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke maNDapa kA dAyA~ stambha / (kha) dasa paMktiyA~ / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1207 / (Ga) AcArya jayakIrti aura AryikA navAsI ke nAma utkIrNa haiM / 26. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra kI dakSiNI bahirbhitti meM jar3A, abhilikhita prstrphlk| (kha) dasa paMktiyA~ / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) zanivAra, agahana sudI caturdazI, saMvat 1709 / (Ga) nemicandra tathA unake pUrvajoM kA vivaraNa aMkita hai / I 27. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke Upara ( gumaTI meM ) eka stambha ( jisa para cAroM ora eka-eka tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM) ke cAroM ora (kha) do-do paMktiyA~ / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) sarvatobhadra pratimA / dAtAroM ke nAma par3he nahIM jA sakate haiN| 28. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra meM sthita cAra phuTa Der3ha iMca U~cA prastaraphalaka 1 ( jisapara do kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ aMkita haiM) / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) akSara TUTa gaye haiM / anumAnataH dAtAoM ke nAma hone cAhie / 29. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke garbhagRha meM pazcimI bhitti meM jar3I huI tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kI mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 10301 (Ga) saMvat 1030 ke Age utkIrNa varNa aspaSTa ho gaye haiN| anumAnataH dAtA kA nAma honA cAhie / pariziSTa :: 275

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30. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke garbhagRha meM sthita (tIna phuTa sAr3he ATha iMca U~cI) padmAsana tIrthaMkara muurti| (kha) tIna pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) AryikA induA kA nAma utkIrNa hai| 31. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra meM do phuTa 11 iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) dAtA, viraca (indra) utkIrNa hai| 32. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra meM 5 phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara muurti| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) AryikA gaNI kA nAma utkIrNa hai| 33. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke maNDapa kA stmbh| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) bhAvanandI utkIrNa hai| 34. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra ke maNDapa kA stambha / (kha) solaha pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1307 / (Ga) aspaSTa ho gayA hai| 35. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca ke pazcimI dvAra kI deharI / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1500 / (Ga) aspaSTa ho gayA hai| 36. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pazcimI bhitti para / (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) maMgalavAra, mAgha sudI aSTamI, saMvat 1120 / (Ga) kevala tithi utkIrNa hai| 37. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca ke garbhagRha meM pUrvI dvAra ke Upara jar3A huA prstrphlk| (kha) caudaha pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) somavAra, bhAdrapada sudI saptamI, vi. saMvat 1503, sulatAna mhmuud| (Ga) isa mandira ke jIrNoddhAra kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 38. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA chaha meM stambha / (kha) kramazaH do aura tIna paMktiyoM ke do abhilekh| (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) aspaSTa / 39. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA chaha meM tIrthaMkara muurti| (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) yaha mUrti candrakIrti dvArA arpita kI gayI thI, isa tathya kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 40. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA chaha meM stambha / (kha) 2! paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) mArgazIrSa sudI paMcamI, saMvat 1382 / (Ga) aspaSTa ho gayA 41. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA sAta meM crnnpaadukaa| (kha) ATha paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) phAlguna sudI aSTamI, vi. saM. 1693 tathA pauSa sudI dvitIyA vi. saM. 1695, mahArAjAdhirAja udayasiMha / (Ga) caraNa-pAdukAoM kI sthApanA kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 276 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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42-44. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 10 meM madhyavartI (mUrtiyukta) tIna stambha / (kha) ................................. (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, mahAvIra Adi jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana hai| 45. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 11 kI mukhya mUrti (pahalI maMjila ke garbhagRha meM sthaapit)| (kha) tIna pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1105 / (Ga) varmasiMgha, lalitasiMgha aura ajitasiMgha Adi ke nAma utkIrNa haiM; anumAnataH ye mUrtisamarpaka hoNge| 46. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 11 meM zAntinAtha kI muurti| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) isa mUrti kI sthApanA bhuvanasiMha dvArA kI gyii| 47-48. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha meM uttarI evaM dakSiNI bhitti meM devkulikaaeN| (kha) eka-eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1210 / (Ga) mahAsAmanta zrI udayapAla deva ke dvArA nirmApita aura bheMTa kI gayI eka mUrti kI yahA~ sthApanA kA vivrnn| 49. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM eka phuTa cAra iMca U~cI padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1105 / (Ga) aspsstt| (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM eka phuTa sAr3he tIna iMca U~cI padmAsana tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1139 1 (Ga) yaha mUrti mAdhavacandra dvArA sthApita kI gyii| 51. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM ajitanAtha kI cAra phuTa sAr3he cAra iMca U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) somavAra, ASAr3ha sudI 5, saMvat 1176 / (Ga) somatI ne isa mUrti kI pratiSThA kraayii| 52. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM AdinAtha kI do phuTa chaha iMca U~cI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) cAra paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1201 / (Ga) AryikA madana jinhoMne isa mUrti kI pratiSThA kraayii| 53. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM pRthak rakhA huA stambha / (kha) chaha pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1384 (?) / (Ga) aspsstt| 54. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM pazcimI bahirbhitti (jo aba haTA dI gayI hai) meM se prApta abhilekh| (kha) cAra pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1394 / (Ga) aspaSTa / 55. (ka) ukta bahibhitti se prApta kintu samprati jaina dharmazAlA meM surkssit| 50. pariziSTa :: 277

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(kha) teraha pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) guruvAra, vaizAkha vadI paMcamI, saMvat 1493 / (Ga) zAntinAtha mandira kA maNDapa saMghazrI ke sahayoga se pati jugarAja dvArA banavAye jAne kA vivrnn| 56. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa meM chaha phuTa DhAI iMca U~cA stmbh| (kha) nau pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) mArgazIrSa vadI 11, saMvat 1591 / (Ga) aspaSTa / 57. (ka) aThAraha bhASA aura lipiyoM ke lie prasiddha 'jJAnazilA' nAmaka abhilekh| (kha) nau paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) isakI sabhI lipiyA~ aba taka par3hI nahIM jA sakI haiN| 58. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke mahAmaNDapa kA stambha / (kha) tIna pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) cakrezvarI kI mUrti tathA usake mUla pratiSThApaka zrI kamaladevAcArya evaM zrIdeva kA vrnnn| 59. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM candraprabha kI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) mUrti pratiSThAtrI somatI kI bahina dhniyaa| 60. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM sambhavanAtha kI cAra phuTa do iMca U~cI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) mUrti pratiSThApaka raajpaal| 61. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM ajitanAtha kI cAra phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) mUrti pratiSThApaka maThapati jj| 62-81. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke pradakSiNApatha kI bahirbhittiyoM meM jar3I huI yakSI muurtiyaaN| (kha) eka-eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) yakSI mUrtiyoM ke Upara unake nAma utkIrNa haiN| 82. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM RSabhanAtha kI 4 phuTa 6 iMca U~cI padmAsana muurti| (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1210 / (Ga) aspaSTa / . . 83. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM caturbhujI devii| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) aspsstt| 84. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke pradakSiNApatha meM 7 phuTa 3 iMca U~cI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) aspsstt| 85. (ka) ukta mandira ke pradakSiNApatha meM sthita 10 phuTa U~cI tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) cAra pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) mAdhavadevacandra kA nAma aMkita hai| 278 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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86. (ka) ukta mandira ke pradakSiNApatha meM sthita pArzvanAtha kI 10 phuTa 2 iMca U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) chaha paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) pratiSThApaka yugala bhrAtA gaMgaka aura zivadeva / 87. (ka) ukta mandira ke mahAmaNDapa meM ATha phuTa U~cI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) kramazaH tIna evaM do paMktiyoM ke do abhilekha / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) aspaSTa / 88. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke ardhamaNDapa kA dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha / (kha) dasa paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) guruvAra, azvayuja zukla caturdazI, vi. saM. 919, bhojadeva ( kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAravaMzI zAsaka) / (Ga) isa stambha kI sthApanA zrI kamaladevAcArya ke ziSya zrIdeva ne karAyI thI / usa samaya yaha sthAna gurjara-pratihAravaMzI zAsaka bhojadeva kI rAjyasImA meM thA aura yahA~ usake mahAsAmanta viSNurAma pacinda kA zAsana thA tathA isa sthAna kA nAma usa samaya luacchagiri thA / abhilekha pATha ke lie deMkhe, pariziSTa do, abhilekha kramAMka eka / 89. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 13 meM tIrthaMkara mUrti kA siMhAsana / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) isa mUrti ke samarpaNa kA vivaraNa | 90. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 14 ke dAyA~ praveza dvAra kA siradala / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) zrI nAgasena AcArya dvArA isa dvAra ke dAna karAne kA vivaraNa | 91. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 14 ke dvAra ke bAhara / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) dAtA kallaNa / 92. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 15 meM cAra phuTa eka iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) mUrti samarpaNa kA vivaraNa / 93. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 16 ke ardhamaNDapa kA dAyA~ stambha / (kha) cAra abhilekha / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) cAra vibhinna bhaktoM dvArA isa stambha ke nimitta kiye gaye dAna kA vivaraNa / 94. (ka) ukta mandira ke ardhamaNDapa kA bAyA~ stambha / (kha) pA~ca abhilekha (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1208 / (Ga) vibhinna bhaktoM dvArA isa stambha ke nimitta diye gaye dAna kA vivaraNa / 95. (ka) ukta mandira ke garbhagRha kA stambha / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1220 / (Ga) paNDita mAdhavanandI kI vandanA kA vivaraNa / pariziSTa :: 279

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96. (ka) ukta mandira ke garbhagRha ke stambha para utkIrNa padmAsana mUrti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) hindI, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) aspaSTa / 97. (ka) ukta mandira ke garbhagRha kA stambha / (kha) ATha pNktiyaaN| (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) budhavAra, mAgha sudI aSTamI, saMvat 1495 / (Ga) aspaSTa / 98. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 17 meM sthita cAra phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) pradAtA sdiyaa| 99. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 18 ke samakSa ( cabUtare para ) avasthita mAnastambha / (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) saMvat 1121, rAjyapAla / (Ga) zrI yazaskIrtyAcArya ne rAjyapAla maTha (maM. saM. 18 ) ke samakSa do mAnastambha sthApita kraaye| yaha rAjyapAla maTha mandira saM. 18 kA prAcIna nAma honA caahie| 100. ( ka ) jaina mandira saMkhyA 19 meM vidyamAna cakrezvarI yakSI kI mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) isa mUrti kA dAna rAjyapAla kI patnI ne kiyA / 101 (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 16 ke samIpa prApta abhilikhita stambha / (kha) bAraha paMktiyA~ apUrNa / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) AcArya mAghanandI aura unakI prabhAvotpAdaka vyAkhyAna zailI kA varNana / 102. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 19 meM sthita devI mUrti / (kha) chaha paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 11... ( yaha abhilekha 12vIM zatI kA honA cAhie, isameM 11 ke paravartI do varNa TUTa gaye haiM) / (Ga) isa devI mUrti kA nirmANa tribhuvanakIrti kI preraNA se huA / 103. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 19 meM sthita sarasvatI kI mUrti / (kha) ATha paMktiyA~ | ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) yaha mUrti bhI tribhuvanakIrti kI preraNA se nirmita huI / 104. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 19 meM sthita padmAvatI yakSI kI mUrti / (kha) chaha paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1126 / (Ga) padmAvatI yakSI kI yaha mUrti amodinI ke dravya se pratiSThita huI / isa abhilekha meM utkIrNa-kartA ne apanA nAma bhI aMkita kiyA hai- paM. gopAla I 105. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 20 kA praveza dvAra / (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) atyanta TUTA-phUTA / 106. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 20 meM sthita zAntinAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) 280 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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eka paMkti / (ga) azuddha saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) pradAtA - tribhuvanakIrti / 107. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 20 meM cAra phuTa U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1135 | (Ga) pradAtrI AryikA lavaNazrI / 108. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 20 meM pA~ca phuTa nau iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) aspaSTa / 109. (ka) ukta mandira meM eka tIrthaMkara mUrti kA siMhAsana / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) isa tIrthaMkara - mUrti kI pratiSThA lokanandI ke ziSya dvArA huI / 110. (ka) ukta mandira meM cAra phuTa do iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) pradAtA maunA sAha / 111 (ka) ukta mandira meM cAra phuTa chaha iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1136 | (Ga) sarajAsaudharA ke putra dvArA isa mUrti ke samarpaNa kA vivaraNa | 112. ( ka ) jaina mandira saMkhyA 21 ke maNDapa kI bhitti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) zrI guNanandI Adi kA AdarapUrvaka ullekha | 113. (ka) ukta mandira meM cAra phuTa gyAraha iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) aspaSTa hai| 114. (ka) ukta mandira meM candraprabha svAmI kI padmAsana mUrti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) saMvat 1136 / (Ga) A. lokanandI ke ziSya guNanandI dvArA yaha mUrti pratiSThita huI / 115. (ka) ukta mandira meM pA~ca phuTa sAr3he cAra iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) do-do paMktiyoM ke do abhilekha / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) A. lokanandI ke ziSya guNanandI dvArA yaha mUrti pratiSThita huI / 116. (ka) ukta mandira ke maNDapa kI bhitti / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) lokanandI ke ziSya guNanandI dvArA isa bhitti ke punaruddhAra kA saMketa / 117. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 21 meM cAra phuTa sAr3he sAta iMca U~cI mallinAtha pariziSTa :: 281

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kI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) pradAtA prabhAkara / 118. ( ka ) jaina mandira saMkhyA 21 meM cAra phuTa dasa iMca U~cI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / pradAtA rudravAna / 119. (ka) ukta mandira meM candraprabha kI padmAsana mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) pradAtA guNanandI | 120. (ka) ukta mandira meM sambhavanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) pradAtrI lAlasA / 121. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 22 ke pravezadvAra kA siradala / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) 'zrI mAlava nAgatrAta ' kevala itanA abhilekha utkIrNa hai | 122. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 28 meM sthita nau phuTa do iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) cAra paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) isa mUrti kA nirmANa caturvidha saMgha ke lie kiyA gayA / 1 123. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 28 kI pazcimI bahirbhitti / (kha) eka paMkti / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ASAr3ha badI trayodazI, saMvat 1496 / (Ga) kevala tithi utkIrNa hai / 124. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 30 meM sthita cAra phuTa pA~ca iMca U~cI kAyotsarga tIrthaMkara mUrti kA siMhAsana / (kha) eka paMkti / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) sahasrakIrti kA ullekha hai| 125. ( ka ) jaina mandiroM ke koTa kI uttarI dIvAra / (kha) pA~ca paMktiyA~ / ( ga ) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) isameM ullekha hai ki kucha paNDitoM ne sAmUhika rUpa se eka dAnazAlA kA nirmANa karAyA thA / 126. (ka) jaina mandiroM ke koTa kI uttarI dIvAra / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) isameM ullekha hai ki eka goSThI dvArA dAnazAlA kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thA / 127. (ka) jaina mandiroM ke koTa kI uttarI dIvAra / (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) eka goSThI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 128. (ka) jaina mandiroM ke koTa kI uttarI dIvAra / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha ) ajJAta / (Ga) zrI nemideva paNDita kA varNana / 129. (ka) jaina mandiroM ke koTa kI uttarI diivaar| (kha) tIna paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devanAgarI / (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) eka dAnazAlA kA varNana / 282 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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130. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM sthita tIrthaMkara muurti| (kha) tIna pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajJAta / (Ga) jaina zAsana se prabhAvita kisI nAgendra Adi kA vrnnn| adhikAMza akSara TUTa gaye haiN| 131. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM sthita tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) pA~ca pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) AcArya mAdhavadeva aura unake ziSyoM kA ullekha hai| bIca-bIca meM isa abhilekha ke adhikAMza akSara TUTa gaye haiN| isake nIcevAlI paMktiyoM meM ullekha hai 'jinabimba kAritam shubhm'| 132. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM sthita tIrthaMkara mUrti / (kha) do paMktiyA~ / (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) isa abhilekha ke akSara surakSita hone para bhI apAThya ho gaye haiN| kevala prArambhika zabda 'siddhaMzrI' par3hane meM AtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isameM kucha varNa bAda meM utkIrNa kiye gaye haiN| 133. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 meM sthita tIrthaMkara muurti| (kha) do pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) ullekha hai ki isa mUrti kA nirmANa ittAma ke putra gaNadeva ne kraayaa| 13.1. (ka) jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra kA dAyA~ pkss| (kha) cAra pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) saMvat 1051 / (Ga) saMvat 1051 meM isa praveza-dvAra ke navInIkaraNa kA vivaraNa diyA hai| 135. (ka) jaina cahAradIvArI, pazcimI bhitti (bhItarI ora) meM praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM jar3I huI tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) brahmacArI navala kA praNAma utkIrNa hai| 136. (ka) jaina cahAradIvArI, pazcimI bhitti (bhItarI ora) meM praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM jar3I huI tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga muurti| (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) jinamatI kA praNAma aMkita hai| 137. (ka) jaina cahAradIvArI pazcimI bhitti (bhItarI ora) meM praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM jar3I huI tIrthaMkara kI kAyotsarga mUrti / (kha) eka pNkti| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) ajnyaat| (Ga) sAlasA kA praNAma aMkita hai| 138. (ka) eka patthara kI bAvar3I ke nikaTa prApta stambha kA khaNDita aNsh| (kha) dasa pNktiyaaN| (ga) saMskRta, devnaagrii| (gha) zanivAra, phAlguna badI dazamI, saM. 16311 (Ga) kucha paNDitoM kA varNana hai| pariziSTa :: 283

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2. abhilekha-pATha abhilekha kramAMka eka (vikrama saMkhyA 919, gurjara pratihAra zAsaka bhojadeva ke samaya kA, maM. saMkhyA 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke dakSiNa-pUrvI stambha para utkIrNa) 1. (oM) paramabhaTTArakamahArAjAdhirAjaparamezvarazrI 2. bhojadevamahIvarddhamAna-kalyANavijayarAje 3. ttprdttpNcmhaashbdmhaasaamntshriivissnnu| 4. rAmapacindarAjyamadhye luacchagire shriishaantyaayt(n)| 5. (sa)nidhe zrIkamaladevAcAryaziSyeNa zrIdevena kArA6. pitaM idaM stambham saMvat 919 asva (zva)yujazukla 7. pakSacaturdazyAM bRhaspatidinena uttarabhAdrapa 8. dAnakSatre idaM stambhaM smaaptmiti|| 0 / / abhilekha kramAMka do (vikrama saMvat 1154, rAjaghATI meM candela zAsaka kIrtivarmA ke mantrI dvArA utkIrNa karAyA gayA) 1. OM namaH zivAya cAndellavaMzakumudenduvizAlakIrtiH, khyAto babhUva nRpa sNghntaaNghripdmH| 2. vidyAdharo narapatiH kamalA-nivAso, jAtastato vijayapAlanRpo nRpendraH // (1) tasmAd dharmaparazrIma3. n kIrtivarmanRpo'bhavat / yasya kIrtisudhAzubhre trailokyaM saudhatAmagAt // (2) agadaM nUtanaM viSNumAvirbhUtamavApsya... 4. yam / nRpAbdhitassamAkRSTA shriirsthairymmaarjyt|| (3) rAjoDumadhyagatacandranibhasya yasya nUnaM yudhiSThira yadA zivarAmaca... 284 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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5. ndraH / ete prasannaguNaratnanidhau niviSTA, yattadguNaprakararatnamaye zarIre / / (4) tadIyAmAtya-mantrIndro ramaNIpUrvavinirga(. tH| vatsarAjeti vikhyAtaH zrImAn mahIdharAtmajaH / / (5) khyAto babhUva kila mantripadaikamantre vAcaspatista.... 7. diha mntrgunnairubhaasyaam|| yo'yaM samastamapi maNDalamAzu zatrorAcchidya kIrtigiri-durgamidaM vyadhatta // (6) 8. zrIvatsarAjaghATTo'yaM nUnaM tenAtra kAritaH / brahmANDamujjvalaM kIrtimArohayitumAtmanaH / saMvat 1154 caitrabadi 2 budhau| abhilekha kramAMka tIna (upAdhyAya mUrti para utkIrNa, vikrama saMvat 1333) saM. 1333 jyeSThabadi 11 ravI zrI nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNe AcAryazrI kanakacandradeva tasya ziSya lakSmIcandra deva tasya ziSya hemacandradeva / rAmacandra tasya mAtA sAgarasiri tasya celI sAlasiri, udayasiri, chaatrnaamdev| praNamati nity| saradhAna-mata sutahusau praNamati nityaM / abhilekha kramAMka cAra (dillI saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita, vikrama saMvat 1481) 1. * vRSabha jayata saMzrImadvarddhamAnamahodaye vipulaM vilasatkAntau kAntAkhye'mRta saagre| sugatasumatimannaiNAMkAkalaMka sakaumudaM vitanute satAM zAntyai zAntizriyaM sumirtijayaM / / 1 / / ... bhuvaH zrote nazvarAnudayAya te| taccidudyajjvala-jjyotirArhataM zreyase zriye // 2 // pAyAdapAyAt sadayaH sadA naH sadAzivo yadvizado hitApto caMcaccidA . nandavizuddhacandradyuto cakoraM tyapi (?) zuddhahaMsAH // 3 // zrIzaMkaraM zrIramaNAbhirAmaM... sallakSmaNamahaNArha / jinendranandaM dhanadaM sumitramajAtazatru vibhaje cakoraM // 1 // svavAmamAyAmaMyamapyamAyaM vAmaM lasallakSmaNa mhnnaah| sItezasugrIvamahAhaNArha vande 3. saharSa sahasaikazIpaM // 5 // sazalyaduHzAsananAzahetumajAtazatru sahadevavayaM / vande vizAlArjuna sadya... nandatsatAM karNakulaM mRgAMka // 6 // vAmayaighASTaka (?) svena kammAdhAkSId yarakSaraM (:) / sAdyorddhidurekhaM tamhaMlIyaM vilayazriyaM // 7 // vigajannAgarajAka abhilekha-pATha :: 285

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4. majitaM takSakaM numaH / durghaTaM sughaTadvarddhamAnajainamahotsavaM // 8 // vadanaparagirIzo ....vitridazana....vetravatyAkalairyat / prabhavatu sa mRgAMkopyastadopo'kalaMkaH / kuvalayasukhaheturnaH zriye zAntisomaH ||1|| yodIdahacca tilakekSaNavahineha kAmaM 5. amImaradaraM janakaM tadIyaM / zaktyAnvitastrinayanopyapavAmavAmaH zAntIzvarastrijagatAM sa zivAya.....padapadmayugma.... chadma upAsmahe tadahaM mudA yadamartyamartyabhujaMgamanabhramaulikulAsmajti / vidalattamAlasamullasatsunakhendumaNDaptamaNDalIvigalAMzubhirbhavazrI 6. muSaH zazino'rhato bhavasaMvabhe // 11 // kSIrakarpUranIhAra-hArahIraharAvarAM kundendukumu. ...kSIrasamudrasAndra vilasatkallolamAlojjvalA zrIsarvvajJa sudhaaNshumnnddlmilsvrlokklloliniiN| vidrAvan nijabhaktacetasi samunmIlattamopadravAM vande 7. jADyabhide mude ca bhagavadvANIM ca satsampade | 11 zrImUla-lakSmyA nRpanandisaMghe gacchepatucchai madasAradAkhye / kSaNe valAtkAragaNe gariSThe zrIkuM. jinendracandrAgamadurgamArge yasyoDupaM tyatra satAM hi vAcaH / adyApyudaMcadyazasAmajasrabandhAzca sa dharmmacandraH / 12 yasyAzAgajakarNakairavavanA nandaikasatkaumudIkIrtirnAganarAmarendrabhuvane jegiiyte'hrnishN| dharmenduH sakalaH kalaMkavikalaH sa syAcchudhAMzuzriye zrImUla.... vilasalla... daye / 13 dharmacandramunIndrasya paTTotkRSTodayAcale / yasyodayo' bhavattasya tmstomaapnodinH||4 ratnakIrterlasanmUrtestigmAMzoH ka 9. mlodye| satAmapyapapaMkAnAM tapasAM syuryazo'zavaH / 15 adyApyuccairjajRmbhe caraNacayacitasrambhadambhAd yadIyA jyotsanevAnuSNarazmeH kSaradamRtamayI .... / sasyA....saminAM puNyapuNyopadeSTA sRSTA saptapratiSThAsu ca jinazazino ratnakIrti prazastyai / / 2 ratnakIrtipadAmbhojakamalAlaMkRtAsane / ye naudyadvAgvi 10. lAsena bhAratI bhUSaNAyitaM / / garjjadurvAdivRndAmbudadalanavidhau yo'bhavattIvravAtastvekAntadhvAntabhAnuH kuvalayasukhakRd yastvanekAnta ....dvAntAMkokalaMka .... sakalakalaH zaMkaro + + vRttaH syAdUvRddhaye mUlasaMghAmalakamalanidhau zrI prabhAcandradevaH // 1 pade tato namadazeSamahIzabhAlalagnAni yatkramarajastilakAnyabhUvan 8. 11. kalyANakArikamalAkucakelidAni pApApahAni samabhUdiha padmanandI // kaH sarasartti sAmyatvaM sannidhAvabjanandinaH / na...na sammame yasya sa...112 ke ke purANasAraNyaM ziSyAnAkarNya karNayoH / zrIpadmanandinaH prApuH sasmitAM dharmmadezanAM // 3 premnA kajjalitaM vizacchalabhitaM cetobhuvA vartti... 12. taM rAgAdyaiH smayadUSitaiH paramatairbhasyattamastomitaM / bhAvaiH prasphuTitaM nayairviracitaM dharmaiH samudyotitaM satpAtrAmbujanandidIpatapasi prAgjainadharmmAlaye // 4 se... ka 286 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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... calati sadvaMsatyanuSNA dyutiH kSIrAmbhodhyaticandramatyaharahaH sparddhanti hanto ati / zrImAnambujanandinastribhuvane jegIyamAnA na yai 13. rvAdyatsadyazasA na kena sunaTI kIrttirnarIrnartyaho ||5 jJAnArNavaH samayasAra - gabhIrazabdasallakSaNaH praNavalInalayaH pramANaH / si-bhuvnopkRtyai...||6 indropendraphaNIndragISpatimatiM yaH ko'pi dhatte pumAn manye paMkajanandino gaNaguNAn vaktuM na sopIza te / saMsArArNavatIrNa 14. yAmaladhiyA sannIkayA sanmunerniSkallolacidambudhAvacalayA padmAyitaM lIlayA // zrIpadmanandisuguroH padapadmapa... dharmopalakSitadizA + + + + bhAramanobhiramyaH prodbhedya kaumudabharaM zubhacandradevaH ||1 atha saMvatsaresmin nRpavikramAdityagatAbda 1481 QT 15. ke zrIzAlivAhAnAm 1346 vaizAkhamAsa zuklapakSIyapUrNamAsyAM guruvaasre| svAtinaH (na) kSatre / siMhalagnodaye // ativikra ...yyaibde candrAdryabadhIndu vaizAkhe pUrNarAkAyAM....mRgayodaye ||...saakRssttkRpaannpaannivilsttiivrprtaapaanljvaalaajaalsmaakuliikRtgjaadhiishaa 16. dyarIzaiNape / zrImAn mAlavapAlakaizakanRpe gaurIkulodyotake niHkrAnte vijayAya maNDapa purAcchrIsAhi Alambhake // 1.....sumaNDalamaNDamAnAkhaNDalabAlakulamaNDamapI ++ nye / saMnirmame zivaziromaNivanmanojJaM sadbodhitaH suvidhinA suvidhiH subodhaH // so'bhUttasmin tribhuvanapAlo bhuvane 17. lasadyazaH kalazaH yo'laM tribhuvanalakSmyA lebhe gaNaguNaM gaNA ... raNaM // 2 nirdambhaH srambhagarjad gajasakalakalA lAMkAkalaMka .... vipulayazaso yasya citraM pavitraM / tasya zrI puNyalakSyAkhilaguNanilayo dhIradhIro gabhIraH putro gotrAmapa + pamamahimanidhirdhIradhIH sAdhusAdhuH // 3 + + lavAlakIrttilatA bi 18. tAnadhArAvaraH susamayopyatamaskakalyaH santApahAri.... kApasAryabhava... vanivi ... devaH // vidyullateva vimalA .... pativratAMkA saubhAgyabhUdharasutA nararatnagarbhA tasyAmbikA ca vanitA janitAmbikeva ||5 abhUdasamasaumyopi tayopi tayorvAgarthayoriva holIsunandanaH zrImAn 19. rasotsAhAbhinandanaH // 16 varddhamAnArthinAmarthe varddhamAnAn manorathAn sArthayannarthataH zrImAn holI kalpAMghripAyate // 7 sanmUlaH sadalollasat... prazAkhocchikhaH zlAghya svacchakulaiH phalairavikalaH succhAyakAyazriyaH / santApe'pi kSapAkaraH kuvalaye zrIholikalpAMghripo jIyAttajjitadurjjano'rjunaya 20. zobAso'rkacandrArthibhiH ( ? ) / 8 avikalpakalpalatayA sukAntayA kAntayAkAntaH / asakRt sukRtasamunnatadhArAdharanirbharAsAraiH // 19 yaH kAntA ... lata .. kamalAkhyayAdhanAkhyaM dhanadaM sudhanaMjayaM sAdhuH // 10 vadhUdhana zrIphalamAlayAlaM galhezavaMzAnujanandanaizca suvarNarukmAhiramA abhilekha- pATha :: 287

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21. garebhiH saratnabhUgajaraThakurAgyaiH ||11 gAmbhIryyajaladAsayai vicalatAM devAcalo mArddavaM nRyatkArttikakekikAya vigalatpa ... taM ... dayaH.. .. sadAzritatayA savve sahatvaM dharA yasmAdeva mitA daduH sa jayatAt zrIholisaMghAdhipaH // 12 vismayante paritrANi...holisAdhunA / ya 22. dyazo'kkRptadugdhAbdho vRSaH kaumudamedhate // 13 yadyazo viSNunApyuccaiH kalAvapyakalaMkinA / ... sa meSazeSatvaM vizvavizvamupAdade ||14 ...daiva ... ti sujnvaaNch....nnaaN| anubhavita vacAMsi guruvizvaM vismayati holikRtIla // 15 guNavAnapi dharmAtmA vakraH saddharmmajopi yaH / yada... somado ho 23. lI RjupanthApyalobhabhAkU 116 rodasAMvarasacchuklAsaMpurAd yadyazolasat muktA muktyaMganA muktAhAraM holyA rasorhatAt // 17 satketakIku... kAzasaMkAsa ...yazasAtmamayIkRtAzaH / sollAsasArasanivAsimayA mahAnto holIzvaro'stu sadhanaMjayasArthavAhaH // 18 nAko 24. si tvamahaM vRSastanutanuH kiM putrapitroH zucA sAnandaM vada sadya kiM mRgayase bhUyovatArastayoH / ta...kva kalo vadAzu nRkave kiM varddhamAne'kSaye ... madrUpo ... holi saM. ...re // 19 zrIholIkamalAkare kuvalayaM satkIrttikaMjAyate zeSenAlasi saddalIyati gajairdikSu prakAzIyati / merau citrama 25. jAtra citramapi tanmitrAstacintApamRd yannAlIyati sanmarAlati kalaMkI yatra doSAkaraH 120 candro nihasitA ... tipravikazad... jamvAlati / siddIpatyakhilAcalAcalavibhumaM ...nantamitatyudyaddholiyazombudhau sama... dhammakanauketyaho // 26. 21 tatrapyatreko hetustad yathA tathA hi // viviktaH zaktimAn holI vividyazcoktimAnahaM / ityAvayormahAn snehaH satataM vavRdhe budhAH // 23 yenAkAri manohAri ... purandara... zrIlajinAlayaM // 23 satAM santoSapoSAya zreyase cAtmanaH zriye / sukhAya vimukhAkSANAM ceha snehAya pazyatAM || 24 khaNDe bhU + ta + zo 27. ttaMsobhUt sAdhudehAkhyaH / vedazriyA sa lebhesusRtaM zrIvalladevAkhyaM // sa vallaNazrIramaNopi sUnuM vicakSaNaM lakSaNalakSitAMga / lebhe nRpaM lakSaNapAladevaM devA....... zriyA zrImatkSemarAjAbhidhAMgajaM // dharmmArthakAmasaMsiddhisAdhakaM bhAgyato'labhat // dvitIyamadvitIyodyatapratApAtApi 28. tadviSaM / ... bhAgdhurAdhUryyavaryya mAdhuryyasAgaraM // 14 nAmnA devaratiM sadodayamataM sanmartyalakSmIpatiM dharmmadhyAnagatiM nirastakumatiM yo nityamevAdade / yazcakre jina ....rccane' calaratiM sa... sAdhujanevi 15 zreSThaH padmazriyA zreSThaM svavaMzAmbhojabhAskaraM sUnuM nayanasiMghAkhya lebhe ratyAmarAvaraM 1 16 nRratnaM ratnanAmAnam 1288 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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29. yatnAbhyastapAdavaM ( ? ) sutamApya samastAstakumati sa divaM yayo // 7 alabhanmalhaNadeganayArambhAbhayAMgajaM cAtha / bAlakalezamivAlaMkalayA kalayA ...... patisaMghanAtha ..... dilhaNadevyAbhinanditanandanaH / atha padmasiMhanandanamukhyairapi nandatAdranizaM ||9|| pratiSThayAti gAriSThyaM yannAmAdeva dehinAM / tasyAbjanandi 30. no mUrteH kaH pratiSThAghaTAmaTet // 1 zubhasomAjJayA sosau tathApi guNakIrttinA / varddhamAnAbhidhaiH zrImadvarapatyAdibhirbudhaiH // 2 zrIpadmanandi... damavasantamahAtmane mUrtyovvidhAya vidhinAbhimatAM pratiSThAmetAM hi nandanasunandana nandanAdyaiH // 3 saMghezvaraH kuvalaye malaholicandraH saMgheza 31. devapativAk patinendramudraH | sanmaMgalaiH sakalabandhujano ... vRndairvarSat saharSamupakArasudhAzrudhArAM 14 paropakartA yo yad yazA.... zrImAn satatadharmAtmavRSTiM yo dAnavAriNA / dhatte sa satyadharmeza jIyAddholo narottamaH 12 modat kuvalayaM yasya yazastilakamuttamaM / di 32. dIpe upamaM somaH sa jIyAddholizaMkaraH 13 prAtaH kAlIyarAgadaladakhilatamoreguraipAdapadmahRtpadmollAsilakSyamAstaruNa....caMcaccAndrIyazcAkalaMka sakala kuvalaye sAdhutAM holisAdhoH ||4 agrotakAnvaye gargagotre hATabudhAMgajAH babhU 33. vuH sAdhavaH kSImAharugaMgAmarAbhidhAH // 5 teSAmAdyAtmajastatra vIlhobhUtpalhikAMgaja haruratnazriyoH sunustato bhUttalhaNaH sudRk // 2...... ganayA tataH // 3 samajani vasantakIrtyAya volhaNavarddhamAnajanmA mRgayan mAtAjayitazrIkSAlhIcAryyAkaro himAsabudhaH 34. prazastimudyadvRSabhArhacandrasAMndrArthatIrtho ...dhA cakoraH satAM mude satkavivarddhamAno jinaM samArAdhya vivarddhamAnaM // 5 zrIvarddhamAnavibudhAnanapadmacaMcat pIyU....dhArAM pItvA drutAM zrutiyugAMjalibhistvamImAM nandastu saMsumanasaH zucicaMcarIkAH ||6|| zubhamastu satAM sadA // ....... .. sutazciraM jIyAt / ripunRpasindhusavA........ vibhU.... pasmAhi AlambhaH ||| zrIsAhyAlambhAdhipatanuje ribhUpamaulimANike / garjati garjanasthAne .. gaurIkulaM kuvalayesmin ..... abhilekha kramAMka pA~ca (vikrama saMvat 1493, samprati jaina dharmazAlA meM surakSita) OM / AtmArthaM zraya maMca mohagaganaM mitraM vivekaM kuru / vairAgyaM bhaja bhAvayasva niyataM bhedaM zarIrAtmanaH / dharmadhyAna sudhAsamudrakuhare kRtvA'vagAhaM param / pazyAnanta sukhasvabhAvakalitaM muktiM mukhAmbhoruhaM // 1 // abhilekha-pATha : :: 289

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AyustvaM nyantu tuSTiM vidadhatu vividhAzcApadaH ghnantu vighnAn / kurvaMzcArogyamurvI valaya-vilasitAM kIrtivallI sRjntu| dharmaM saMvardhayantu zriyamabhirAmAmanapAyAM........ceSTikAmAn / kaivalyazrI kaTAkSAnapi jinacaraNA sajjayantaM........sAvaH / / saMvat 1493 zAke 1368 varSe vaizAkha vadI 5 gurau dine mUlanakSatre zrImUlasaMghe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTArakaH zrIprabhAcandradevaH tacchipyaH vAdavAdIndrabhaTTAraka zrIpadmanandidevaH tacchiSyaH zrIdevendrakIrtidevastasyodArapAdAnvaye aSTazAkhe AhAradAna dAnezvaraH zrIsiMghaI lakSmaNaH tasya bhAryA akSayazrIH tasyAH kukSyAvutpannaH siMghaIarjunastasya bhAryA kSemA ta (tra) taH jAtaH khemarAjaH tatbhAryA khiyusiNi saMghAdhipatirarjunastatputraH saMghAdhipatiH siMghaIjugarAjaH tasya bhAryAM guNazrIH subAndhavavaMdyastatputrabhAryA padmazrIH tatputraH baMvabaM rAmadevaH tatbhAryA kAlazrIH tatputraH siMghaI caturthavataH tatbhAryAM ravyuzrIH ravyurAjaH tasya putraH myurAjazca myuzrIH tasya bhAryA saghanapatiH tatputraH bhrAtA venuH zrI zAntinAtha caityAlaye sakalakalApravINaH padmastasya bhAryA pUrNazrIH tasyAH putraH paNDitanayanasiMhastena pratiSThitaM saMghAdhipatiH siMghaI jugarAjaH tena karmakSayanimittenedaMkAritaM nityaM prnnmnti| sUtradhAraH jainasiputrakakarmacandraH saghanapatiH tatputraH jinaH tasya putrasaMghapena sAsA sUtradhAraH / yena kRtamidaM nityaM prnnmntiiti| abhilekha kramAMka chaha (vikrama saMvat 1693, mandira saMkhyA sAta meM caraNapAdukAoM para utkIrNa) OM namaH siddhebhyaH gurupUjyapAda........jJAnadarzanacAritra mokSamArga-zrIlalitakIrti bhaTTAraka-vadha devalovana zAntinAtha saMvat 1693 phAlguna sudI 8 vikramAditya sAke sAlavAhana tasyAM nagarI vartate mahArAjAdhirAjadevIsiMha tasya padminI sujAnakumArI duhitA rANitaM kuriga dIkSite lalitakIrte saMvat 1695 pauSa sudI 2 vartamAna dinadharI dIkSA 6 / / mokSaprApte zrIsAgare dezajAtidezakaranATakI aThArA likhA golApUrava gopaalgddh'| 290 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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3. sahAyaka grantha sUcI prAcIna grantha 1. akalaMkadeva (AcArya) : tattvArthavArtika ( rAjavArtika), paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya sampAdita, dvitIya bhAga, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957 I. / 2. agaracanda aura bha~varalAla nAhaTA : bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha, prakA. nAhaTA bradarsa, 1 jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA, 2482 vI. ni. / 3. amarasiMha : amarakopa, paM. haragovinda zAstrI sampAdita, prakAzaka caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja oNphisa, banArasa, 1957 I. 4. arhaddAsa (kavivara ) : munisuvrata kAvya, paM. ke. bhujabali zAstrI tathA paM. haranAtha dvivedI sampAdita, prakA. zrI jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA, 1929 I. / 5. aMgavijjA : sampA. muni puNyavijaya, prakA. prAkRta jaina TeksTa sosAyaTI, 1957 I. / 6. AdisAgara (muni) : trikAlavartI mahApuruSa, prakA. digambara jaina samAja, vArAsivanI, 1959 I. / 7. AzAdhara (paNDita) : anagAra dharmAmRta, sampA. paM. vaMzIdhara evaM manoharalAla, prakA. mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1919 I. 8. AzAdhara (paNDita) : pratiSThAsAroddhAra, sampA. paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, prakA. jaina grantha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1974 vIra ni. / 9. AzAdhara (paNDita) : sAgAra dharmAmRta, sampA. paM. mohanalAla zAstrI, prakA. haraprasAda jaina, luharrA (jhA~sI), 2474 vI. ni. / 10. umAsvAmI (AcArya) : tattvArthasUtra, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pra. sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 291

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mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, 2472 vI. ni.| 11. (DaoN.) A. ne. upAdhye : pravacanasAra (A. kundakunda kRta), prastAvanA, pra. paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, 1935 I. / 12. (DaoN.) A. ne. upAdhye : varAMgacarita (jaTAsiMhanandIkRta), prastAvanA, pra. mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1938 I. / 13. e. cakravartI : samayasAra (A. kundakundakRta) (a~garejI) prastAvanA, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1950 I. / 14. ovavAie : prakAzaka paM. bhUrAlAla kAlidAsa, sUrata, 1914 vi. sN.| 15. kAlidAsa (mahAkavi) : kumArasambhava (kAlidAsa granthAvalI), sampA. pANDeya tejarAma zAstrI, pra. paNDita pustakAlaya, kAzI, 1961 ii.| 16. kunthusAgara (AcArya) : zrAvakadharmapradIpa, sampA. paM. jaganmohanalAla si. zA., pra. varNI jaina granthamAlA, banArasa, 2481 vI. ni.| 17. (paM.) ke. bhujabalI zAstrI : prazasti saMgraha, pra. mantrI, jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA, 1942 ii.| 18. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : upAsakAdhyayana, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 1964 ii.| 19. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI : nyAyakumudacandrodaya, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pra. mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1938 ii.| 20. gaNeza sahasranAma : pra. gItApresa, gorakhapura, 2015 vi.| 21. caturvedI dvArakAprasAda zarmA : saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha, pra. rAmanArAyaNalAla, ilAhAbAda. 1957 I. 22. chAndogyopaniSad : sampA. paM. rAmasvarUpa zarmA, pra. sanAtana dharma presa, murAdAbAda, 1934 ii.| 23. jambuddIvapaNNattI : pra. devacanda lAla bhAI granthamAlA, bambaI, 1920 1 24. jayasena (AcArya) : pratiSThA pATha, pra. seTha nemacanda hIrAcanda dozI, zolApura, 1925 ii.| 25. jinaprabhasUri : bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa (zAradAstavana), ahamadAbAda, 1937 ii.| 26. jinaprabhasUri : vividha tIrthakalpa, sampA. muni jinavijaya, prakA. siMghI jaina . jJAnapITha, zAntiniketana, kalakattA, 1934 ii.| 27. bRhajjinavANI saMgraha : sampAdaka paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla, pra. jaina grantha * ratnAkara kAryAlaya, naM. 62, bA~satallA sTrITa, kalakattA, 1937 ii.|| 28. jinasena (AcArya) : pArvAbhyudaya, pra. seTha nAthAraMga gAndhI, AkalUNa, 1909 ii.| 292 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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29. jinasena (AcArya) : mahApurANa (AdipurANa), bhAga 1 tathA 2, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951 I., 1954 I. / 30). jinasena (AcArya) : harivaMzapurANa, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1963 I. / 31. (paM.) jugalakizora mukhtAra evaM paM. paramAnanda zAstrI : jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pra. vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA / 32. je. ela. jainI : samayasAra ( A. kundakundakRta) (a~garejI) prastAvanA, prakA. dI seNTrala jaina pabliziMga hAusa, ajitAzrama, lakhanaU, 1930 I. / 33. Thakkura pheru: vAstusAra prakaraNa, sampA. paM. bhagavAnadAsa jaina, prakAzaka - jaina vividha granthamAlA, motIsiMha bhomiyA kA rAstA, jayapura siTI, 1936 I. / 34. NirayAvaliyAo : prakA. Agamodaya samiti, ahamadAbAda, 1934 I. / 35. tArAnAtha bhaTTAcArya : vAcaspatyam, tRtIya bhAga, prakA. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, 1962 I. / 36. (pro.) darabArIlAla koThiyA : devAgama aparanAma AptamImAMsA, prastAvanA, prakA. vIra sevA saMgha, dillI, 1967 I. / 37. digambara jaina vratodyApana saMgraha : sampA. phUlacandra sUracanda dozI, IDara, 1954 I. / 38. (DaoN.) dvijendranAtha zukla : vAstuzAstra, jilda 2, prakA. vAstu vAGmaya prakAzana, zukla kuTI, phirojAbAda roDa, lakhanaU (prakAzana varSa nahIM diyA) / 39. devasena sUri : darzanasAra, sampA. paM. nAthUrAma premI, bambaI, 1974 vi. / 40. daulatarAma (paNDita) : chahaDhAlA, anu. maganalAla jaina, prakAzaka zrI di. jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha, 2017 vi. / 41. dhanaMjaya nAmamAlA, sampA. paM. zambhunAtha tripAThI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1950 I. / 42. dharmacandra (bhaTTAraka) : gautamacaritra, anu. paM. lAlArAma jaina, pra. paM. mUlacandra kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata, 1927 I. / 43. nAyAdhammakahAo : sampA. ena. vI. vaidya, pUnA, 1940 I. / 44. nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI : dravyasaMgraha : sampA. paM. mohanalAla zAstrI, pra. sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra, purAnI carahAI, jabalapura, 2492 vI. ni. / sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 293

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45. nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI : trilokasAra, sampA. paM. mohanalAla zAstrI, pra. hindI jaina sAhitya prakAzaka kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1918 I. / 46. nemicandradeva (paNDita) : pratiSThA tilaka (marAThI anuvAda sahita ), bambaI, 1914 I. 47. (paM.) pannAlAla sAhityAcArya : mahApurANa (A. jinasena kRta), bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1951 I. / 48. (paM.) paramAnanda zAstrI : jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, dillI / 49. prabhAcandra: prabhAvakacarita, pra. sindhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 2015 vi. / 50. (paM.) phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI : sarvArthasiddhi, prastAvanA, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955 I. / 51. (DaoN.) baladeva upAdhyAya : purANa vimarza, pra. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, banArasa, 1965 I. / 52. bhadrabAhu svAmI : uvasaggahara stotra ( sapta smaraNa ke sAtha prakAzita), pra. devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthamAlA, bambaI, 1933 I. / 53. bhadrabAhu svAmI : kalpasUtra, sampA. haramana yAkovI, lipajiga, 1879 I. / 54. bhAvadevasUri : pArzvanAtha caritra / 55. bhuvanadeva (AcArya) : aparAjitapRcchA, sampA. popaTa bhAI ambAzaMkara manakaDa, (gAyakavAr3a) oriyaNTala sIrIja nambara ( 84 ), pra. oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA, 1950 I. / 56. bhoja : samarAMgaNa sUtradhAra, khaNDa eka, sampA. TI. gaNapati zAstrI, pra. oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA, 1924 I. / 57. matsyamahApurANa: pra. AnandAzrama mudraNAlaya, pUnA, 1907 I. 58. malliSeNa sUri : padmAvatIdaNDaka, sampA. ke. vI. abhyaMkara, ahamadAbAda, 1937 ii.| 59. malliSeNa sUri : bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa, ahamadAbAda, 1937 I. / 60. malliSeNa sUri : sarasvatIkalpa (bhairava padmAvatI kalpa), ahamadAbAda, 1937 I. / 61. mahArAjAdhirAja zrI DUMgarendradeva kA saMvat 1510 kA abhilekha, jarnala oNva eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla, jilda 31 / 62. (zrI) bhA. sa. mahAjana : nAgapura ke saMgraha kI hastalikhita prati saMkhyA 491 294 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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63. (paM.) mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya : nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNam, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1949 ii.| 64. mAgha (mahAkavi) : zizupAlavadha mahAkAvya, prakA. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, oNphisa, vArANasI, 1964 ii.| 65. yativRSabha (AcAya) : tiloyapaNNatti, sampA. DaoNkTara A. ne. upAdhye tathA DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, prakA. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1943 I. / 66. yogIndradeva : paramAtmaprakAza, sampA. paM. manoharalAla zAstrI, bambaI, 1972 vi.| 67. varAhamihira : bRhatsaMhitA, prakA. paM. bhUSaNa vI. subrahmaNya, vAtavanagur3I, baMgalora, 1947 ii.| 68. vasunandi (AcArya) : vasunandizrAvakAcAra, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1952 ii.| 69. vAdicandra : ambikA kthaasaar| 70. vAdirAja sUri : pArzvanAtha caritra, sampA. paM. manoharalAla, prakA. mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1916 ii.|| 71. vAsupUjya (maharSi) : dAnazAsana, sampA. paM. varddhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI, zolApura, 1941 ii.| 72. (paM.) vijayamUrti : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga, pra. mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1952 ii.| 73. (paM.) vijayamUrti : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga, prakAzaka uparyukta, 1957 ii.| 74. (DaoN.) vidyAdhara joharApurakara : jaina zikhAlekha saMgraha, caturtha bhAga, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 2491 vIra ni. / 75. (DaoN.) vidyAdhara joharApurakara : bhaTTAraka sampradAya, prakA. jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, sholaapur| 76. viSNusahasranAma : prakA. gItApresa, gorakhapura, 2013 vi. saM. / 77. vIranandI (mahAkavi) : candraprabhacaritam, sampA. paM. kAzInAtha zarmA, prakA. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1892 vi. sN.| 78. vedavyAsa : agnipurANa, sampA. DaoN. baladeva upAdhyAya, pra. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, 1966 I. / 79. vedavyAsa : garuDapurANa, sampAdaka DaoN. rAmAzaMkara bhaTTAcArya, prakA. uparyukta, 1964 ii.| 80. raviSeNa (AcArya) : padmapurANa, prathama bhAga, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1958 ii.| sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 295

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81. rAmacandra mumukSu : puNyAzrava kathAkoza, sampA. paM. nAthUrAma premI, prakA. jaina sAhitya prasAraka kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1916 I. / 82. zivakoTi (bhaTTAraka) : ratnamAlA, anu. paM. gaurIlAla (siddhAntasArAdi saMgraha meM prakAzita), prakA. mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1933 / 83. zivasahasranAma : prakA. gItApresa, gorkhpur| 84. zubhacandra (AcArya) : jJAnArNava, sampA. paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla, prakA. zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, jaberIbAga, bambaI, 1927 ii.| 85. zrutasAgara sUri : tattvArthavRtti, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1949 I. / 86. zrutasAgara sUri : SaTprAbhRta (A. kundakunda ke aSThapAhuDa para saMskRta TIkA) sampA. paM. pannAlAla sonI, prakA. mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1977 vi.| 87. zrIkumAra : zilparatnam, sampA. ke. sAmbaziva zAstrI, prakA. trivendram saMskRta sIrIja (naM. 98), trivendram, 1929 ii.| 88. zrIkRSNa mizra : prabodhacandrodaya nATaka, prakA. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, 1955 ii.| 89. samantabhadra (AcArya) : ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, prakA. a. bhA. kendrIya jainamahAsamiti, dillI, 1951 ii.| samantabhadra (AcArya) : stutividyA, sampA. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakA. vIra sevA mandira, sarasAvA, 1950 ii.| 91. samavAyAMga : ahamadAbAda se 1938 meM prkaashit| 92. sukumAra sena (muni) : vidyAnuzAsana, bhairavapadmAvatI klp| 93. paM. sumatibAI zahA : SaTakhaNDAgama, prastAvanA, prakA. kSutabhaNDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti, phalaTana, zolApura, 1965 / 94. somezvaradatta : mAnasollAsa, pra. oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA, 1939 ii.| 95. saubhAgyalakSmyupaniSad : prakA. nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1925 I. / 96. haramana yAkobI : dI kalpasUtra Apha bhadrabAhu, lipajiga, 1879 ii.| 97. harikRSNa (kavi) : bRhatpaMcakalyANaka vidhAna, prakA. jaina sAhitya prasAraka, kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1929 ii.| 98. hemacandra (AcArya) : abhidhAnacintAmaNi, sampA. paM. haragovinda zAstrI, prakA. caukhambhA saMskRta vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1964 ii.| 99. (DaoN.) hIrAlAla jaina : jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga, pra. mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, 1928 I. / 100. (DaoN.) hIrAlAla jaina : SaTakhaNDAgama, jilda eka, prastAvanA, prakA. zrImanta 296 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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seTha lakSmIcandra zitAbarAya jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, 1939 ii.| 101. (paM.) hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI : jaina dharmAmRta, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1960 ii.| Adhunika grantha aura zodha-nibandha 102. agaracanda nAhaTA : bhAratIya vAstuzAstra meM jaina pratimA sambandhI jJAtavya; anekAnta, va. 20, ki. paaNc| 103. amUlyacandra sena : sosala lAipha ina jaina liTarecara : kalakattA rivyU, mArca 1933 ii.| 104. Ananda ke. kumArasvAmI : ArTsa eNDa krAphTsa / 105. Ananda ke. kumArasvAmI : keTalAga Apha dI iNDiyana kalekzana ina dI myujiyama Apha phAina ArTsa, bosTana, jilda cAra, bosTana, 1924 106. Ananda ke. kumArasvAmI : yakSas, khaNDa eka, prakAzaka dI smIthasoniyama insTITyUTa, vAziMgaTana, 1928 ii.| 107. Ananda ke. kumArasvAmI : hisTrI Apha iNDiyana eNDa iNDoneziyana ArTa, prakA. Dovara pablikezaMsa, 180 vairika sTrITa, nyuuyaark| 108. Ara. jI. harSe : meru, homalaiNDa Apha dI AriyaMsa, vizvezvarAnanda bhArata-bhAratI, hoshiyaarpur| 109. (DaoN.) umAkAnta premAnanda zAha : sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, prakA. jaina kalcarala risarca sosAyaTI, banArasa-5, 1955 ii.| 110. (DaoN.) umAkAnta premAnanda zAha : e noTa Ana akoTA horDa jaina broMjeja : bar3audA thU dI ejej| 111. (DaoN.) umAkAnta premAnanda zAha : dI TreDIzana Apha jIvantasvAmI imejeja : jarnala Apha dI oriyaNTala insTITyUTa, bar3audA, jilda eka, aMka eka aura jilda eka, aMka caar| 112. (pro.) udayacanda ema. e. : AcArya vIrasena kI dhavalA TIkA, bhAratIya jaina sAhitya parivezana, eka, prakA. pradhAna mantrI, bhAratIya jaina sAhitya saMsada, bholA bhavana, mahAjanI TolI, ArA, 1965 ii.| 113. (DaoN.) urmilA agravAla : khajurAho skalpacarsa eNDa deyara signIphikaMsa, prakA. esa. cA~da eNDa kampanI, dillI, 1964 ii.| 114. (DaoN.) ena. veMkaTarAma nayyara : esse Ana dI orijana Apha dI sAutha iNDiyana Tempalsa, madrAsa, 1930 ii.| sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 297

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115. elana : keTalAga Apha kvAinsa Apha eMzyeNTa iNDiyA ina dI briTiza myujiyama, landana, 1936 I. / 116. (paM.) kalyANa kumAra jaina 'zazi' : devagar3ha kAvya, prakA. siMghaI nAthUrAma jaina, mantrI zrI devagar3ha mainejiMga digambara jaina kameTI, lalitapura, 1939 ii.| 117. (DaoN.) kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : tIna aitihAsika bhaTTAraka paTTAvaliyA~ : sanmati-sandeza, mArca 1962 ii.| 118. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstrabhaNDAroM kI grantha-sUcI, caturtha bhAga, prakA. mantrI, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI, jypur| 119. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, prakA. uparyukta, 1967 I. / 120. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti : jIvana, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, jaina sandeza zodhAMka solh| 121. klAuDa baTale : dI DijAyana DevalapameNTa Apha iNDiyana ArciTekcara, landana, 1948 ii.| 122. (DaoN.) klaoNz2a brUna : devagar3ha ke jainamandira, vIra, maI, 1956 ii.| 123. (DaoN.) klaoNz2a brUna : madhyapradeza ke jainatIrtha : devagar3ha, jainayuga, maI 19599 124. (DaoN.) klaoNz2a brUna : lekcara reDa eTa dI melA eTa devagar3ha, 1956 I. / 125. (muni) kAntisAgara : khoja kI pagaDaNDiyA~, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1953 ii.| 126. (muni) kAntisAgara : khaMDaharoM kA vaibhava, prakAzaka uparyukta, 1959 ii.| 127. (DaoN.) kAmatAprasAda jaina : jainatIrtha aura unakI yAtrA, prakA. mantrI bhAratIya di. jaina pariSad, pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1962 ii.| 128. (DaoN.) kAmatAprasAda jaina : mahArANI celanI, prakA. mUlacanda kizanadAsa kApaDiyA, di. jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, 1967 ii.| 129. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla : kaliMga cakravartI mahArAja khAravela ke zilAlekha kA vivaraNa : nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA patrikA, bhAga ATha, aMka tiin| 130. (pro.) kRSNakAnta handikI : yazastilaka eNDa iNDiyana kalcara, prakA. jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura, 1949 ii.| 131. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : uttarapradeza kA sAMskRtika itihAsa, pra. zivalAla agravAla eNDa kaM. prA. li. AgarA, 1959 ii.| 132. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : uttarapradeza kI aitihAsika vibhUti, pra. zikSA vibhAga, uttarapradeza, lakhanaU, 1957 ii.| 298 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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133. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : uttarapradeza meM purAtattvIya anusandhAna, zikSA, __akTUbara, 1955 ii.|| 134. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : kaMkAlI TIlA (mathurA) kI jaina kalA kA anuzIlana, guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha, sAgara, 1967 ii.| 135. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : kalA kA itihAsa : hindI sAhitya, jilda do, prayAga, 1962 ii.| 136. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : gupta tathA madhyakAlIna mUrtikalA : kalpanA, janavarI 1962 ii.| 137. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : candela aura unakI dena : madhyapradeza sandeza, 11 agasta 1962 ii.| 138. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : devagar3ha kI jaina pratimAe~, anekAnta, varSa 15, ki. 1, apraila 1962 ii.| 139. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : prAcIna bhArata ke tapovana, nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, kAzI, vi. saM. 2005, aMka 3-4 / 140. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : prAcIna bhArata ke zikSAkendra, vikrama smRti grantha (saMvat 2001) gvAliyara, 1944 ii.| 141. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : prAcIna kalA meM guru-ziSyoM kA citraNa : tripathagA, 1956 ii.| 142. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya kalA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra : sanmati-sandeza, maI 1961 I. / 1-13. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya purAtattva meM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha : ahiMsAvANI, agasta-sitambara, 1963 ii.| 144. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya sAhitya aura kalA meM lakSmI, tripathagA, navambara 1955 ii.| 145. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : bhAratIya saMskRti meM madhyapradeza kA yoga, prakA. saroja prakAzana, ilAhAbAda, 1967 ii.| 146. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : mathurA kA devanirmita bauddhastUpa : zrI mahAvIra smRti grantha, khaNDa eka, 1948-49 I. / 147. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : mathurA kalA meM nAga, tripathagA, julAI 1962 148. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : mathurA se prApta do navIna abhilekha : varNI abhinandana grantha, sAgara, 2476 vI. ni. / 149. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : ma. pra. kI kalA kA aitihAsika parizIlana : madhyapradeza sandeza, 26 janavarI 1963 I. / sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 299

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150. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : yuga-yugoM meM uttarapradeza, ilAhAbAda, 1954 I. / 151. (pro.) kRSNadatta vAjapeyI : sAgara thrU dI ejeja, prakA. prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtattva vibhAga, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara, 1964 I. 152. kundanalAla jaina : gaMja bAsodA ke jainamUrti va yantra lekha : sanmati-sandeza, agasta, 1965 I. / 153. kundanalAla jaina : bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kRta dvAdazaanuprekSA cupaI : sanmati - sandeza, varSa 12, aMka 11 | 154. kundanalAla jaina : AcArya sakalakIrti aura unakI hindI sevA : anekAnta, varSa 19 aMka eka-do / 155. (paM.) ke. bhujabala zAstrI : merI devagar3ha yAtrA : jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga ATha ki. do / 156. (paM.) kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina dharma, prakA. bhA. digambara jaina saMgha, mathurA, 1955 I. / 157. (paM.) kailAzacandra zAstrI : jaina nyAya, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1966 I. / 158. gvAliyara abhilekha ( saMkhyA 933 ) - epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, jilda 18 | 159. (DaoN.) gokulacandra jaina : yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, prakA. sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1967 I. / 160. (paM.) gopIlAla amara : eka pratIkAMkita dvAra : anekAnta, varSa 22, kiraNa 21 161. (paM.) gopIlAla amara: patiyAnadAI, eka guptakAlIna jaina mandira : anekAnta, varSa 19, kiraNa chaha / 162. (paM.) gopIlAla amara : patiyAnadAI kI advitIya pratimA : jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 25, kiraNa do / 163. gorelAla tivArI : bundelakhaNDa kA saMkSipta itihAsa, prakA. kAzI nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA, saMvat 1990 vi. / 164. ( bhikSu) cimanalAla jaba zivajI ne jApAna ko cIna ke hamale se bacAyA thA : dharmayuga, 12 pharavarI, 1961 I. / 165. (DaoN.) jagadIza candra jaina : prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, prakA. caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, 1961 I. / 166. (sara) jAna mArzala eNDa alaphreDa phIcara : dI mAnumeNTsa oNpha sA~cI, 300 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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jilda eka aura tIna prakA. mainejara Apha pablikezaMsa, gavarnameNTa Apha iNDiyA, dillI, 1937 I. 167. (paM.) jugalakizora mukhtAra : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, prakA. vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA 1956 I. 168. (paM.) jugalakizora mukhtAra : devagar3ha para sampAdakIya TippaNI : anekAnta, varSa eka, kiraNa do / 169 (paM.) jugalakizora mukhtAra : yugavIra nibandhAvalI, prathama bhAga, dillI, 1963 I. / 170. (paM.) jugalakizora mukhtAra : samIcIna dharmazAstra, prakA. vIrasevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI, 1955 I. / 171. (paM.) jugalakizora mukhtAra : svAmI samantabhadra, prakA. jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI, 1925 I. / 172. je. epha. phlITa : kArsa iMskripazanama iNDIkerama, jilda tIna, kalakattA, 1888 ii.| 173. (DaoN.) jyotiprasAda jaina : jaina sAhitya meM mathurA, anekAnta, va. 15, ki. do / 174. (DaoN.) jyotiprasAda jaina : dillI paTTa ke mUlasaMghI bhaTTArakoM kA samaya krama : anekAnta, va. 17, ki. do / 175. (DaoN.) jyotiprasAda jaina : devagar3ha aura usakA kalA vaibhava : jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhA. 22 ki. eka / 176. (DaoN.) jyotiprasAda jaina : prAcIna bhArata kA vaibhava devagar3ha : vIra, maI 1956 I. / 177. (DaoN.) jyotiprasAda jaina : bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1961 I. / 178. TI. e. gopInAtha rAva : elImeNTsa Apha hindU AikAnogrAphI, jilda eka, prakA. dI lA priNTiMga hAusa, mAuNTa roDa, madrAsa, 1914 I. / 179. DI. sI. dAsaguptA jaina sisTama Apha ejukezana, kalakattA, 1942 I. / 180. (pro.) dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA : jaina dArzanika sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana, prakA. jaina kalacarala risarca sosAyaTI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, banArasa, 1949 I. / 181. digambaradAsa jaina : svastika ke camatkAra : jainamitra, phAlguna sudI 15, vI. ni. saMvat 2494 182. devagar3ha citrAvali prakA mantrI zrI devagar3ha mainejiMga digambara jaina kameTI, lalitapura ( prakAzana varSa nahIM diyA ) / sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 301

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183. (bhikSu) dharmarakSita : sAranAtha kA itihAsa, vArANasI, 1961 ii.| 184. navalajI : nAlandA vizAla zabda sAgara, dillI, 2007 vikrmaabd| 185. paM. nAthUrAma premI : vidvadratnamAlA, prakA. jainamitra kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1912 186. paM. nAthUrAma premI : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, prakA. saMzodhita sAhityamAlA, hindI grantha ratnAkara (prA.) li. bambaI, 1956 I. / 187. nAthUrAma siMghaI : devagar3ha : anekAnta, va. eka, kiraNa do| 188. nIraja jaina : devatAoM kA gar3ha : devagar3ha, anekAnta, va. 17, ki. cAra / 189. nIlakaNTha puruSottama jozI : mathurA kI mUrtikalA, prakA. purAtattva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA, 1965 ii.| 190. (DaoN.) nemicandra zAstrI : AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, prakA. gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA, assI, vArANasI, 1968 ii.| 191. (DaoN.) nemicandra zAstrI : jinasena kA kAvya siddhAnta : anekAnta, va. 16, ki. ek| 192. (paM.) paramAnanda zAstrI : kASThAsaMgha lATa bAgaDa gaNa kI gurvAvalI : anekAnta, va. 15, ki. tIna / 193. (paM.) paramAnanda zAstrI : brahma nemidatta aura unakI racanAe~ : anekAnta, va. 18, ki. do| 194. (paM.) paramAnanda zAstrI : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtattva, munizrI hajArImAla smRti grantha, byAvara, 1965 I. tathA anekAnta, apraila, jUna 1966 ii.| 195. prabhAkara govinda parAMjape : kendrIya saMgrahAlaya indaura kI saMkSipta mArgadarzikA, 1961 ii.| 196. pI. ke. AcArya : mAnasAra Ana ArciTekcara eNDa skalpacara, prakA. dI AksaphorDa yunivarsiTI presa, landana, 1932 ii.| 197. pehovA abhilekha (882 I.) : epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, jilda ek| 198. (bra.) premasAgara : atizaya kSetra devagar3ha-pUjA, prakA. siMghaI nAthUrAma jaina, vyavasthApaka zrI devagar3ha jIrNoddhAra kameTI, lalitapura, vI. ni. saMvat 2454 / 199.. (DaoN.) premasAgara jaina : jaina bhaktikAvya kI pRSThabhUmi, prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1963 ii.| 200. baraha kAparapleTa : epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, jilda unniis| 201. (DaoN.) baladeva upAdhyAya : bhAratIya darzana, prakA. zAradA mandira, vArANasI, 1960 ii.| 302 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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202. (paM.) bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI : A. vIrasena aura unakI dhavalA TIkA : guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha, sAgara, 1967 ii.| 203. bUlara : spesImensa oNpha jaina skalpacarsa phrAma mathurA : epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, jilda do| 204. bI. ena. lUniyA : prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti, prakA. lakSmInArAyaNa agravAla, aspatAla mArga, AgarA-3, 1966 ii.| 205. bI. ela. rAisa : markarA tAmrapatra : iNDiyana eNTIkverI, bhA. eka, 1872 206. bI. sI. bhaTTAcArya : jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939 ii.| 207. beMjAmina rauleMDa : dI ArTa eNDa ArciTekcara oNpha iNDiyA : hindU, buddhisTa eNDa jaina, prakAzaka penajAina buksa li., vikToriyA, 1959 ii.| 208. (pro.) bhAgacandra bhAgendu : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina tIrthoM kA yogadAna, prakA. a. vizva jaina mizana, alIgaMja (eTA), 1961 ii.| 209. (paM.) mAdhavasvarUpa vatsa : memvAyarsa oNpha dI AyolaoNjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA (saMkhyA 70), dI guptA Tempala eTa devagar3ha, prakA. dI mainejara Apha pablikezaMsa, gavarnameNTa oNpha iNDiyA, nayI dillI, 1952 ii.| 210. (zrImatI) mAdhurI desAI : dI guptA Tempala eTa devagar3ha, prakA. bhUlAbhAI memoriyala insTITyUTa, bambaI, 1958 ii.| 211. milApacandra kaTAriyA Adi : jaina nibandha ratnAvalI, prakA. zrI vIra zAsana saMgha kalakattA 1966 ii.|| 212. milApacandra kaTAriyA : bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA janma kAla : vIravANI, va. 21, aMka 241 213. (paM.) mohanalAla zAstrI : jainAcArya, prakA. sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra, purAnI carahAI, jabalapura, 2482 vI. ni.| 214. vAcaspati gairolA : saMskRta sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pra. caukhambhA saMskRta vidyApITha, vArANasI, 1960 I. / 215. (pro.) vAmana sadAziva ApTe : saMskRta iMgliza DikzanarI, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, vArANasI 1963 ii.| 216. (DaoN.) vAsudevazaraNa agravAla : e zArTa gAiDa buka Tu dI AryolaoNjikala sekzana oNpha dI prAviMziyala myujiyama, lakhanaU, 1953 ii.| 217. (DaoN.) vAsudevazaraNa agravAla mathurApurI kalpa : bra. paM. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, ArA, 1954 ii.| 218. (DaoN.) vAsudevazaraNa lampasakasa se prApta bhAratalakSmI kI mUrti : nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA (vikramAMka), 2000 vi.| sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 303

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219. (DaoN.) vimalacandra pANDeya : prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa, pra. seNTrala buka Dipo, ilAhAbAda, 1965 ii.| 220. viMseNTa e. smitha : e hisTrI oNpha phAina ArTa ina iNDiyA eNDa sIlona, kArla khaNDelavAlA dvArA pariSkRta saMskaraNa (tRtIya), bmbii| 221. viMseNTa e. smitha : jaina stUpa eNDa adara eNTIkviTIja phrAma mathurA, e. esa. AI., nyU impIriyala sIrIja jilda 20, ilAhAbAda, 1901 I. / 222. vizvambharadAsa gArgIya : devagar3ha ke jaina mandira, lalitapura, 1922 ii.| 223. (ma. ma.) vizvezvaranAtha reU : jainAcArya aura bAdazAha muhammadazAha, varNI abhinandana grantha, sAgara, 2486 vI. ni.| 224. (paM.) becaradAsa : bhagavAn mahAvIra nI dhrmkhaao| 225. (DaoN.) ramAzaMkara tripAThI : prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, dillI 1955 226. (DaoN.) ramAzaMkara tripAThI : hisTrI oNpha kannauja, prakA. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1959 ii.| 227. ramezacandra majUmadAra : dI eja oNpha impIriyala kannauja, prakA. bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1964 ii.| 228. ramezacandra majUmadAra : dI eja oNpha impIriyala yuniTa, prakA. uparyukta, 1953 ii.| 229. ramezacandra majUmadAra : DaoN. hemacandrarAya caudharI tathA DaoN. kAlikiMkara datta : ena eDavAMsDa hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, prakA. maikamilana eNDa kampanI li., landana, 1960 ii.| 230. ramezacandra majUmadAra : bhArata kA bRhat itihAsa, prathama bhAga (prAcIna bhArata), prakA. uparyukta, 1964 ii.| 231. rAkhAladAsa bainarjI : dI eja oNpha impIriyala guptAja, banArasa, 1963 232. (DaoN.) rAjakumAra jaina : adhyAtmapadAvalI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1954 ii.| 233. (DaoN.) rAjabalI pANDeya : prAcIna bhArata, pra. nandakizora eNDa saMsa, - vArANasI, 1962 ii.| 234. (DaoN.) rAdhAkumuda mukarjI : prAcIna bhArata, pra. rAjakamala prakAzana prA. li. , dillI-6, 1962 ii.| 235. (DaoN.) rAmajI upAdhyAya : saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pra. rAmanArAyaNalAla benImAdhava ilAhAbAda, 2018 vi.| 304 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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236. (DaoN.) rAya govindacandra : prAcIna bhArata meM lakSmI pratimA, pra. hindI pracAraka pustakAlaya, vArANasI-1, 1964 ii.| 237. ricArDa alDigaTana eNDa DilAno amesa : lArosI enasAiklopIDiyA oNpha mAithAlojI, landana, 1959 ii.| 238. luisa phreDarika : iNDiyana Tempalsa eNDa skalpacara, landana, 1959 ii.| 239. zAntArAma bhAlacandra deva : hisTrI oNpha jaina monAkijma phrAma iMskripazaMsa eNDa liTrecara, pra. Dekkana kaoNleja posTa grejueTa risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA, 1956 ii.| 240. (bra.) zItalaprasAda : bRhat jaina zabdArNava, dvitIya bhAga, pra. mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata, 2460 vI. ni.|| 241. (bra.) zItalaprasAda : saMyukta prAnta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka, pra. hIrAlAla jaina ema. e., jaina hosTala, ilAhAbAda, 1932 I. / 242. (DaoN.) satyanArAyaNa dube : prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, prakA. zivalAla agravAla eNDa kampanI, AgarA-3, 1967 ii.| 243. (paM.) sumeracandra divAkara : jaina zAsana, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1950 ii.| 244. (pro.) saiyada mujaphpharaalI : dI jAgraphI oNpha dI purANAja, prakA. pIpulsa pabliziMga hAusa, prA. li., nayI dillI, 1966 ii.| 245. DaoN. sTelA Umariza : dI hindU Tempala, jilda do, pra. kalakattA yunivarsiTI, 1946 ii.| 246. haramana gaTja : ArTa oNpha dI varlDa : iNDiyA, pra. DI. bI. tArAporavAlA saMsa eNDa kampanI prA. li., bambaI, 1959 ii.| 247. hariprasAda 'hari' : devagar3ha, pra. darabArIlAla jaina, lalitapura, 1954 ii.| 248. (DaoN.) haMsamukha dhIraja saMkAliyA : jaina AikAnogrAphI : e vAlyUma oNpha iNDiyana eNDa irAniyana sTaDIja, bambaI (prakAzana varSa nahIM diyA hai)| 249. (DaoN.) haMsamukha dhIrajalAla saMkAliyA : jaina yakSas eNDa yakSiNIja : buleTina Apha dI Dekkana kaoNleja, risarca insTITyUTa, jilda 1, aMka 2, 4 mArca 1940 ii.| 250. (DaoN.) hIrAlAla jaina : bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, prakA madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSad, bhopAla, 1962 ii.| 251. hIrAlAla jaina : saMyukta prAnta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka, prastAvanA, prakA. hIrAlAla jaina, jaina hosTala, ilAhAbAda, 1923 ii.|| 252. hainarica jimmara : dI ArTa oNpha iNDiyana eziyA, jilda 1 (vAliMgaTana sIrIja), nyUyArka, 1954 I. / sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 305

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abhinandana aura smRti grantha 253. bra. paM. candAbAI abhinandana grantha : sampAdaka zrImatI suzIlA sulatAnasiMha evaM zrImatI jayamAlA jainendrakizora, prakA. a. bhA. di. jaina mahilA pariSad, ArA, 1954 ii.| 254. varNI abhinandana grantha : sampA. pro. khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA Adi, prakA. zrI varNI hIraka jayantI mahotsava samiti, sAgara, 2476 vI. ni.| 255. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha : sampAdaka paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI Adi, prakA. a. bhA. digambara jaina vidvatpariSad, sAgara, 1967 ii.| 256. zrI mahAvIra smRti grantha : bambaI 1948-49 ii.| 257. vikrama smRti grantha : gvAliyara, 2001 vi. sN.| 258. munizrI hajArImala smRti grantha : pradhAna saM. paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, prakA. munizrI hajArImala smRti-grantha prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), 1965 ii.| riporTsa 259. e. kaniMghama : e. esa. AI. Ara. : TUrsa ina bundelakhaNDa eNDa mAlavA ina 1874-75 eNDa 76-77, jilda 10, kalakattA, 1880 I. / 260. e. kaniMghama : e. esa. AI. Ara., jilda 18 / / 261. (DaoN.) e. phuharara : e. esa. AI. Ara., dI mAnumeNTala eNTikviTIja eNDa iMskripazaMsa ina dI nArtha-vesTarna prAviMseja eNDa avadha, ilAhAbAda, 1891 262. pI. sI. mukarjI : riporTa Ana dI eNTikviTIja ina dI DisTrikTa oNpha lalitapura, jilda 1, 1891 I. / 263. vI. e. smitha : dI jaina stUpa eNDa adara eNTikviTIja oNpha mathurA, e. esa. AI., nyU impIriyala sIrIja, jilda 20, ilAhAbAda 1901 ii.| 264. enuala riporTa oNpha dI AyoAlojikala sarve oNpha iNDiyA, 1903-4 265. dI impIriyala gajeTiyara oNpha iNDiyA, jilda 11, 1908 ii.| 266. vAI. Ara. gupte : e. pI. Ara. : hindU eNDa buddhisTa mAnumeNTsa, nAdarna sarkila, lAhaura, 1915 ii.| 267. eca. hAragrIbja : e. pI. Ara., e. esa. AI., 1915 I. / 268. eca. hAragrIbja : e. esa. AI. : enuala progresa riporTa phAra 1916 ii.| 306 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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269. sara jaoNna mArzala : e. esa. AI. : enuala riporTa, 1914-15, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1916 ii.|| 270. dayArAma sAhanI : e. pI. Ara. oNpha dI supariNTeNDeNTa hindU eNDa buddhisTa mAnumeNTsa, nAdarna sarkila, bhAga 2, lAhaura, 1918 ii.| 271. DaoN. DI. bI. spUnara : e. esa. AI. : enuala riporTa, 1917-18, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1920 ii.| 272. dayArAma sAhanI : e. esa. AI. : enuala progresa riporTa, 1920, lAhaura 1921 ii.| 273. sara jaoNna mArzala : e. esa. AI. : e. pI. Ara., 1919-20, kalakattA 1922 ii.| 274. gajeTiyara oNpha dI yunAiTeDa prAviMseja, jilda 24 / 275. paM. mAdhavasvarUpa vatsa : e. esa. AI. saMkhyA 70, dI guptA Tempala aiTa devagar3ha, dillI, 1952 ii.| patra-patrikAe~ 276. anekAnta, 277. ahiMsAvANI, 278. AryolojI ina iNDiyA, 279. iNDiyana AryolojI, 280. iNDiyana eNTikverI, 281. epIgrAphiyA iNDikA, 282. kalakattA rivyU , 283. kalpanA, 284. jarnala oNpha iNDiyana sosAyaTI oNpha oriyaNTala ArTa, 285. jarnala Apha eziyATika sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla, 286. jaina mitra, 287. jaina yuga, 288. jaina sandeza, 289. jaina siddhAntabhAskara, 290. jaina hitaiSI, 291. dharmayuga, 292. nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, 293. buleTina oNpha eMzyaNTa iNDiyana hisTrI eNDa AryolojI, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, 294. buleTina oNpha dI Dakkana kaoNleja risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA, 295. madhyapradeza sandeza, 296. vizvezvarAnanda bhArata-bhAratI, hoziyArapura, 297. vIra, 298. vIravANI, 299. zikSA, 300. sAgara vizvavidyAlaya purAtattva patrikA, 301. sanmati-sandeza, 302. tripthgaa| sahAyaka grantha sUcI :: 307

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4. citra-paricaya yahA~ paricaya ke prArambha meM diye gaye aMka citra-saMkhyA ke sUcaka haiN| 1. jaina mandira saMkhyA ek| 2. jaina mandira saMkhyA do| 3. jaina mandira saMkhyA tiin| 4. jaina mandira saMkhyA caar| 5. jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca : sahasrakUTa caityaaly| 6. jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca kA pUrvI dvaar| 7. jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca kA pazcimI dvAra / 8. sahasrakUTa stambha (mandira saMkhyA paaNc)| 9. jaina mandira saMkhyA chaha / 10. jaina mandira saMkhyA saat| 11. kamala (mandira saMkhyA sAta ke bhItara chata ke UparI bhAga meM aalikhit)| 12. caraNapAdukAe~ (mandira saMkhyA saat)| 13. jaina mandira saMkhyA aatth| 14. jaina mandira saMkhyA dsh| 14. ba-jaina mandira saMkhyA daza meM sAdhu aura saadhvii| 15. jaina mandira saMkhyA gyAraha / 16. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha kA ardhmnnddp| 17. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha kA mhaamnnddp| 18. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke garbhagRha kA prvesh-dvaar| 19. lakSmI, navagraha, solaha svapna, vidyAdhara Adi; mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala pr| 20. tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~, vidyAdhara, sarasvatI, navagraha, solaha svapna Adi; 308 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala pr| 21. yamunA (kacchapArUDhA) : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa pr| 22. paurANika kathAe~-muni dvArA zUkara ko sambodhana, navadhA bhakti tathA yugma : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa pr| 23. premAliMgita yugma tathA navadhA bhakti (AhAra grahaNa karate hue muni) : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke pradakSiNApatha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa pr| 24. devagar3ha kA vizAla aura bhavya jaina mandira (saMkhyA 12) / 25. jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 kA kalApUrNa shikhr| 26. jaina mandira saMkhyA 15 / 27. jaina mandira saMkhyA 16 / 28. jaina mandira saMkhyA 18 / 29. jaina mandira saMkhyA 21 / 30. jaina mandira saMkhyA 22 / 31. jaina mandira saMkhyA 27 / 32. jaina mandira saMkhyA 28 / 33. yamunA, nAgI evaM yugma : mandira saMkhyA 28 ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa pr| 34. jaina mandira saMkhyA 30 / 35. jaina mandira saMkhyA 31 kA prvesh-dvaar| 36. jaina mandira saMkhyA 31 / 37. vartamAna jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke dakSiNa meM sthita dhvasta adhiSThAna aura stambhoM ke AdhAra para pUrvavartI mandira saMkhyA eka kA kalpita rekhaacitr| 38. jaina mandira saMkhyA gyAraha kI vinyAsa ruuprekhaa| 39. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke mahAmaNDapa meM zrImaNDapa kI priklpnaa| 40. jaina mandira saMkhyA 15 kI vinyAsa ruuprekhaa| 41. jaina mandira saMkhyA 18 kI vinyAsa ruuprekhaa| 42. jaina mandira saMkhyA 28 kI vinyAsa ruuprekhaa| 43. mAnastambha kramAMka cAra, tIna, do (mandira saMkhyA eka ke pIche sthit)| 44. mAnastambha kramAMka paaNc| 45. mAnastambha kramAMka gyaarh| 46. mAnastambha kramAMka bAraha : 176 mUrtiyA~ utkiirnn| 47. mAnastambha kramAMka teraha : 176 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa / citrAvali-paricaya :: 309

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48. mAnastambha kramAMka 17 / 49. aThAraha bhASA aura lipivAlA abhilekh| 50. prAcInatama tIrthaMkara mUrti : mandira saMkhyA 12 / 51. vizAlatama tIrthaMkara mUrti (zAntinAtha ke nAma se prasiddha) mandira saMkhyA 12 / 52. padmAsana tIrthaMkara : mandira saMkhyA 15 / 53. padmAsana tIrthaMkara : mandira saMkhyA chh| 54. neminAtha : mandira saMkhyA 15 / 55. pArzvanAtha : donoM bagaloM meM sarpa kA aMkana-mandira saMkhyA 6 / 56. pArzvanAtha : cakavA ke citra sahita (jaina chaardiivaarii)| 57. saMgIta maNDalI, nRtyamaNDalI tathA padmAsana tIrthaMkara : jaina chaardiivaarii| 58. abhinandananAtha : mandira saMkhyA 9 / 59. AdinAtha : mandira saMkhyA 3 / 60. AdinAtha tathA anya tIrthaMkara : mandira saMkhyA 2 / 61. kalApUrNa kintu samprati zirahIna tIrthaMkara : mandira saMkhyA 21 ke pazcimI koSTha meN| 62. naminAtha : mandira saMkhyA 28 / 63. tIrthaMkara : navagraha evaM ambikA yakSI aMkita hote hue bhI phaNAvalidhArI (mandira saMkhyA 12) / 64. kalApUrNa caturviMzati paTTa : mandira saMkhyA 12 / / 65. caturviMzati paTTa : jisameM kevala 23 mUrtiyA~ haiM : mandira saMkhyA 4 / 66. AdinAtha : mandira saMkhyA 21 67. AdinAtha : mandira saMkhyA 2 / 68. tIrthaMkara : (1) lambI aura susajjita keza rAziyukta tathA (2) navagraha aMkita (mandira saMkhyA 13) / 69. tIrthaMkara : (1) takiyA ke rUpa meM phaNAvali tathA (2) susajjita kezarAzi (jaina chaardiivaarii)| 70. pArzvanAtha : takiyA ke rUpa meM phaNAvali : mandira saMkhyA 12 / 71. pArzvanAtha : sarpa ke Asana para AsIna : mandira saMkhyA 25 / 72. tIrthaMkara (jaina cahAradIvArI) tathA tIrthasevaka bryaajii| 73. tIrthaMkara : cInI mukhAkRti tathA kezarAzi : mandira saMkhyA 12 / 74. RSabhanAtha (jaina dhrmshaalaa)| 75. tIrthaMkara, pAThazAlA dRzya evaM caturviMzati paTTa : mandira saMkhyA 4 / 76. tIrthaMkara tathA khar3I sarasvatI : mandira saMkhyA / / 310 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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77. tIrthaMkara tathA pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 1 | 78. pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 1 | 79. pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 4 | 80. AcArya, jinake pIche eka ora zrAvikA chatra liye khar3I hai tathA dUsarI ora aMjalibaddha bhakta ( jholI laTakAye hue) aMkita haiM / pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 11 81. pAThazAlA dRzya : dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra / : 82. pAThazAlA dRzya tathA tIrthaMkara mandira saMkhyA 12 ke sAmane par3A huA, kisI dvAra kA siradala / 83. upAdhyAya (digambara jaina caityAlaya ) / 84. upAdhyAya (jaina dharmazAlA ) / 85. upAdhyAya : mandira saMkhyA eka ke nikaTa dhvasta adhiSThAna para / 86. bAhubalI (jaina dharmazAlA) / 87. bAhubalI ( mandira saMkhyA 11 ) / 88. bAhubalI ( mandira saMkhyA 2 ) | 89. bharata cakravartI : jaina dharmazAlA / 90. munivihAra, upadeza evaM premAliMgita yugma : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke sAmane par3e hue dhvaMsAvazeSa | 91. leTe hue muni: koI mahilA jisakA saMvAhana kara rahI hai : mandira saMkhyA 18 | 92. sAdhu aura AryikA : mandira saMkhyA 10 / 98. tIrthaMkara kI mAtA mandira saMkhyA 41 94. udAsIna zrAvaka : mandira saMkhyA 10 | 95. sarasvatI : mandira saMkhyA 19 / 96. sarasvatI - mandira saMkhyA 19 | 97. mAnasI devI mandira saMkhyA 19 / 98. gomukhayakSa : mandira saMkhyA 12 | 99. cakrezvarI : viMzatibhujI ( jaina dharmazAlA) | 100. cakrezvarI : viMzatibhujI (jaina dharmazAlA) / 101. sulocanA yakSI ( mandira saMkhyA 12 ) / 102. sumAlinI yakSI ( mandira saMkhyA 12 ) / 103. ambikA : bar3A peTa ( jaina cahAradIvArI) / 104. ambikA / 105. ambikA mandira saMkhyA 12 / citrAvali - paricaya : 311

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106. padmAvatI : jaina dhrmshaalaa| 107. dharaNendra padmAvatI (mandira saMkhyA 24) / 108. dharaNendra padmAvatI : jaina chaardiivaarii| 109. saMgIta maNDalI, nRtya maNDalI, dharaNendra padmAvatI evaM ambikA (jaina - chaardiivaarii)| 110. dhrnnendr-pdmaavtii| 111. cakrezvarI : dazabhujI (mAnastambha kramAMka 11) / 112. devI : dvAdazabhujI (mAnastambha kramAMka 11) / 113. kSetrapAla (mAnastambha kramAMka tiin)| 114. snehI dampatI (mandira saMkhyA 4) / 115. piTatA huA puruSa aura lajAtI huI nArI : mandira saMkhyA cAra / 116. darpaNa ke sahAre lalATikA ThIka karatI huI sundarI (mandira saMkhyA 18) / 117. darpaNadhAriNI zucismitA : mandira saMkhyA 11 / 118. saMgIta maNDalI aura gomukha yakSa : mandira saMkhyA 12 kA ardhmnnddp| 119. yugma : snehAliMgana (jaina dhrmshaalaa)| 120. sambhogarata evaM snehAliMgita yugma (mandira saMkhyA 11) / 121. snehAliMgana, dAr3hI Adi (jaina chaardiivaarii)| 122. vaibhavasampanna kintu vinamra upAsaka (jaina chaardiivaarii)| 312 :: devagar3ha kI jaina kalA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana

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1. jaina mandira saMkhyA eka 2. jaina mandira saMkhyA do

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521. 022 3. jaina mandira saMkhyA tIna 4. jaina mandira saMkhyA cAra

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5. jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca : sahasrakUTa caityAlaya Jain Education Internatio6al jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca kA pUrvI ddhArA

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7. jaina mandira saMkhyA pA~ca kA pazcimI dvAra 8. sahasrakUTa stambha ( mandira saMkhyA pA~ca) -

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9. jaina mandira saMkhyA chaha 10. jaina mandira saMkhyA sAta

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11. kamala (mandira saMkhyA sAta ke bhItara chata ke UparI bhAga me Alikhita) 12. caraNapAdukAe~ (mandira saMkhyA sAta)

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13. jaina mandira saMkhyA ATha 14. jaina mandira saMkhyA dazakA

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nama prakA niyama 14. ba - jaina mandira saMkhyA daza me sAdhu aura sAdhvI

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15. jaina mandira saMkhyA gyAraha FR 16. jaina mandira saMkhyAM bAraha kA ardhamaNDapa

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17. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha kA mahAmaNDapa 18. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke garbhagRha kA praveza-dvAra

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RECTOR 19. lakSmI, navagraha, solaha svapna, vidyAdhara Adi (mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para) 20. tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~, vidyAdhara, sarasvatI, navagraha, solaha svapna Adi (mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke siradala para) For Private & Personal use only

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Sine 21. yamunA (kacchapArUDhA) : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para Jain Education Internationa H B MAR 1539 22. paurANika kathAe~-muni dvArA zUkara ko sambodhana, navadhA mandira saMkhyA 12 ke garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra ke dAyeM bhakti tathA yugma : www.iainelibrary.org pakSa para

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23. premAlig2ita yugma tathA navadhA bhakti (AhAra grahaNa karate hue muni) mandira saMkhyA 12 ke pradakSiNApatha ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para 20 devagar3ha kA vizAla aura bhavya jaina mandira (saMkhyA 12 ) Jain Education Interations

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mAha 25. jaina mandira saMkhyA 12 kA kalApUrNa zikhara jI 26. jaina mandira saMkhyA 15

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27. jaina mandira saMkhyA 16 28. jaina mandira saMkhyA 18 Jain Education Intemational

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29. jaina mandira saMkhyA 21 30. jaina mandira saMkhyA 22 .

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31. jaina mandira saMkhyA 27 32. jaina mandira saMkhyA 282

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33. yamunA, nAgI eva yugma : mandira saMkhyA 28 ke praveza-dvAra ke dAyeM pakSa para 34. jaina mandira saMkhyA 302 .

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TOKO O COOR Vaara 35. Hafa HGH 31 ot yag-er 36. HRG FCAT 31

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37. vartamAna jaina mandira saMkhyA eka ke dakSiNa me sthita dhvasta adhiSThAna aura stambhoM ke AdhAra para pUrvavartI mandira saMkhyA eka kA kalpita rekhAcitra -bhAmbaradharakA. .. mahAmaNDapa,7 mANapakIparamapanA - OPAN MAHARHAANA MARATHANK Mm. DATER Terisa N - elf musudi. - - .. - AAT - - - 38. jaina mandira saMkhyA gyAraha kI vinyAsa rUparekhA __ 39. jaina mandira saMkhyA bAraha ke mahAmaNDapa / zrImaNDapa kI parikalpanA

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devagar3ha - durga mAma" 40. jaina mandira saMkhyA 15 kI vinyAsa rUparekhA mAda mApa " 41. jaina mandira saMkhyA 18 kI vinyAsa rUparekhA 42. jaina mandira saMkhyA 28 kI vinyAsa rUparekha

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43. mAnastambha kramAMka cAra, tIna, do (mandira saMkhyA eka ke pIche sthita) __44. mAnastambha kramAMka pA~ca

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45. mAnastambha kramAMka gyAraha 46. mAnastambha kramAMka bAraha : 176 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa

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47. mAnastambha kramAMka teraha : 176 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa 48. mAnastambha kramAMka 17

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DSC0 Aspin Serioupy- a nand 2013CAT sivAya Engl/janana 49. aThAraha bhASA aura lipivAlA abhilekha 50. prAcInatama tIrthaMkara mUrti : mandira saMkhyA 12

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51. vizAlatama tIrthaMkara mUrti (zAntinAtha ke nAma se prasiddha) mandira saMkhyA 12 52. padmAsana tIrthaMkara (mandira saMkhyA 15) .

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TEASE (OBSTE TREPID 53. padmAsana tIrthaMkara ( mandira saMkhyA chaha ) O 54. neminAtha ( mandira saMkhyA 15) Co Do ben ee

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55. pArzvanAtha : donoM bagaloM meM sarpa kA aMkana (mandira saMkhyA 6) 56. pArzvanAtha : cakavA ke cihna sA (jaina cahAradIvArI) 57. saMgItamaNDalI, nRtyamaNDalI tathA padmAsana tIrthaMkara (jaina cahAradIvArI) .

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58. abhinandananAtha (mandira saMkhyA 9) 59. AdinAtha (mandira saMkhyA 3)

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60. AdinAtha tathA anya tIrthaMkara (mandira saMkhyA 2). 61. kalApUrNa kintu samprati zirahIna tIrthaMkara (mandira saMkhyA 21 ke pazcimI koSTha me)

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63. tIrthaMkara : navagraha evaM ambikA yakSI aMkita hote hue bhI phaNAvalidhArI (mandira saMkhyA 12) 62. naminAtha : mandira saMkhyA 28 64. kalApUrNa caturviMzati paTTA 65. caturviMzati paTTa : jisame kevala 23 mUrtiyA~ haiM Jair(mandira saMkhyA 12)onal For Private & Persona(mandira saMkhyA 4)

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mAtAekA 66. AdinAtha : mandira saMkhyA 2 2 miA 67. AdinAtha : mandira saMkhyA 2

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tA kIkA 69. tIrthaMkara : (1) takiyA ke rUpa me phaNAvali tathA (2) susajjita kezarAzi (jaina cahAradIvArI) 68. tIrthaMkara : (1) lambI aura susajjita keza rAziyukta tathA (2) navagraha aMkita ( mandira saMkhyA 13)

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71. pArzvanAtha : sarpa ke Asana para AsIna : mandira saMkhyA 25 70. pArzvanAtha : takiyA ke rUpa me phaNAvali GA 101

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VAND bra 72. tIrthaMkara (jaina cahAradIvArI) tathA tIrthasevaka barayAjI

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73. tIrthaMkara : cInI mukhAkRti tathA kezarAzi (mandira saMkhyA 12) 74. RSabhanAtha (jaina dharmazAlA) .

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ADVER 75. tIrthaMkara, pAThazAlA dRzya evaM caturviMzati paTTa : mandira saMkhyA 4 prati 76. tIrthaMkara tathA khar3I sarasvatI : mandira saMkhyA 1

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77. tIrthaMkara tathA pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 1 ThizAlA dRzya : ma Vale o Personal use only khyA 1 www.iainelibrary.org

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79. pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 4 80. AcArya, jinake pIche eka ora zrAvikA chatra liye khar3I hai tathA dUsarI ora aMjalibaddha bhakta (jholI laTakAye hue) aMkita haiM pAThazAlA dRzya : mandira saMkhyA 1

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81. pAThazAlA dRzya : dvitIya koTa kA praveza-dvAra 82. pAThazAlA dRzya tathA tIrthaMkara : mandira saMkhyA 12 ke sAmane par3A huA, kisI dvAra kA siradala .

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83. upAdhyAya (digambara jaina caityAlaya) 84. upAdhyAya (jaina dharmazAlA )

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85. upAdhyAya : mandira saMkhyA eka ke nikaTa dhvasta adhiSThAna para 86. bAhubalI (jaina dharmazAlA)

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87. bAhubalI ( mandira saMkhyA 11 ) ( 88. bAhubalI ( mandira saMkhyA 2 )

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89. bharata cakravartI : jaina dharmazAlA 789 90. munivihAra, upadeza eva premAligita yugma ( mandira saMkhyA 12 ke sAmane par3e hue dhvaMsAvazeSa )

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91. leTe hue muni: koI mahilA jisakA saMvAhana kara rahI hai| ( mandira saMkhyA 18) A. 92. sAdhu aura AryikA ( mandira saMkhyA 10)

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93. tIrthaMkara kI mAtA (mandira saMkhyA 4) 94. udAsIna zrAvaka (mandira saMkhyA 10) PE

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95. sarasvatI (mandira saMkhyA 19) 96. sarasvatI-mandira saMkhyA 19

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97. mAnasI devI (mandira saMkhyA 19) 98. gomukhayakSa (mandira saMkhyA 12) .

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99. cakrezvarI : viMzatibhujI (jaina dharmazAlA) za 100. cakrezvarI : viMzatibhujI (jaina dharmazAlA)

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101. sulocanA yakSI (mandira saMkhyA 12) 102. sumAlinI yakSI (mandira saMkhyA 12)

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103. ambikA : bar3A peTa (jaina cahAradIvArI) 104. ambikA

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105. ambikA : mandira saMkhyA 12 For 106. padmAvatI : jaina dharmazAlA

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107. dharaNendra padmAvatI ( mandira saMkhyA 24 ) 108. dharaNendra padmAvatI (jaina cahAradIvArI)

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CALLING h 109. saMgItamaNDalI, nRtyamaNDalI, dharaNendra padmAvatI eva ambikA (jaina cahAradIvArI) ENTINE HUUHTIMI 110. dharaNendra- padmAvatI

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111. cakrezvarI : dazabhujI (mAnastambha kramAMka 11) 112. devI : dvAdazabhujI (mAnastambha kramAMka 11)

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mu 113. kSetrapAla (mAnastambha kramAMka tIna) 114. snehI dampatI ( mandira saMkhyA 4 ) Tr

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Jain Education memational FOLTTIVENTRU Only 116. darpaNa ke sahAre lalATikA ThIka karatI huI sundarI (mandira saMkhyA 18) 115. piTatA huA puruSa aura lajAtI huI nArI (mandira saMkhyA cAra)

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117. darpaNadhAriNI zucismitA : mandira saMkhyA 11 118. saMgIta maNDalI aura gomukha yakSa : mandira saMkhyA 12 kA ardhamaNDapa Jain Education Intemational

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119. yugma : snehAliMgana (jaina dharmazAlA) 120. sambhogarata evaM snehAligita yugma (mandira saMkhyA 11)

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121. snehAliMgana, dAr3hI Adi (jaina cahAradIvArI) 122. vaibhavasampanna kintu vinamra upAsaka (jaina cahAradIvArI)

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DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' janma : 2 apraila 1937, rIThI, jilA- jabalapura, ma.pra. / zikSA : sAgara vizvavidyAlaya se ema.e., pI-eca.DI. / sAtha hI sAhityazAstrI, kAvyatIrtha, sAhityaratna / kAryakSetra : ma.pra. zAsana ke mahAvidyAlayIna zikSA vibhAga meM saMskRta tathA prAkRta ke profesara evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa rhe| madhyapradeza zAsana saMskRta akAdemI, bhopAla ke saciva (1993-97) aura rASTrIya prAkRta adhyayana evaM anusandhAna saMsthAna, zravaNabelagola ke nidezaka bhI rahe haiN| apane zaikSaNika kAryakAla meM jaina vidyAoM para zodhakAryoM kA nirdezana kiyaa| prakAzana : pramukha kRtiyA~ haiM- 'devagar3ha kI jaina kalA', 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina tIrthoM kA yogadAna', 'jaina darzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa : anekAntavAda', 'atIta ke vAtAyana se...', 'saMskRta kA nATya sAhitya' Adi / prAcya vAGmaya tathA jaina vidyAoM ke aneka mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke abhinandana / smRtigranthoM kA saMyojana aura sampAdana / aneka puraskAroM va sammAnoM se alaMkRta / samparka sUtra : saroja sadana, sarasvatI kaoNlonI, damoha (ma.pra.) - 470661

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bhAratIya jJAnapITha sthApanA : san 1944 uddezya jJAna kI vilupta, anupalabdha aura aprakAzita sAmagrI kA anusandhAna aura prakAzana tathA lokahitakArI maulika sAhitya kA nirmANa saMsthApaka sva. sAhU zAntiprasAda jaina sva. zrImatI ramA jaina adhyakSa zrImatI indu jaina kAryAlaya : 18, insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodI roDa, nayI dillI-110003 FOR Private Personal use only www ainelibrary.org