Mahavira Prabandh Kavyo ka Adhyayana

Author(s): Divyagunashreeji
Publisher: Vichakshan Prakashan Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002766/1

Page #1
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 10 zrI bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI DaoN. divyaguNAzrI ema.e. pIeca.DI.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. divyaguNAzrI ema.e., pIeca.DI. vicakSaNa smRti prakAzana ahamadAbAda

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prerikA pa. pU. sva. pravartinI jaina-kokilA zrI vicakSaNazrIjI ma.sA. kI suziSyA zatAvadhAnI zAsanajyoti pa. pU. zrI manoharazrIjI ma.sA. evaM viduSIvaryA pa.pU. zrI muktiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. artha saujanya : jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka kharataragaccha saMgha sAMcora (rAja.) prathama saMskaraNa : maI 1998 ... mUlya : sadupayoga prAptisthAna : zrI munisuvratasvAmI jaina maMdira, dAdAsAhebanA pagalAM, navaraMgapurA, ahamadAbAda-380 009. leAuTa TAipaseTiMga mayaMka zAha, ramaNIya grAphIksa, 44/451, grInapArka epArTamenTa, solA roDa nAraNapurA, ahamadAbAda-380 013. (phona : 7451603) mudraka : sarvodaya ophaseTa, 13, gajAnaMda esTeTa, IdagA cokI ke pAsa, dariyApura, ahamadAbAda-1.

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pa. pU. sva. vizvaprema pracArikA pravartinI zrI vicakSaNazrIjI ma.sA. janma nAma dIkSA dIkSA nAma zikSAguru dIkSAguru svargavAsa vi.saM. 1969, amarAvatI dAkhIbAI vi.saM. 1981, jeTha vadI 5 pIpAr3a vicakSaNazrI svarNazrIjI jatanazrIjI vi.saM. 2037, jayapura

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parama vaMdanIyA, zAsanajyoti, zAsanautkarSiNI guruvaryAzrI manohara zrIjI ma.sA. guruvaryA Apa zAsana ke tAja hai ApakI saralatA kSamatA para hameM nAja hai, tuma jIo hajAroM varSa gUMjatA nAda hai nata mastaka ho yahI maMgala kAmanA kA sAja hai / /

Page #6
sa.....ma.....paM.....Na samarpita hai yaha una mAtR- vatsalA jIvana-nirmAtrI, saMyama-pradAtrI prAtaHsmaraNIya paramazraddheya zAsanajyoti, zatAvadhAnI guruvaryA zrI manoharazrIjI ma.sA. ko jina kI preraNA jinakA mArgadarzana isa lekhana kA AdhAra hI nahIM varan mere jIvana kI pratyeka dizA ko Alokita karanevAlA prakAza puMja hai.... unheM sAdara savinaya savidhi koTiza vaMdana-prativedana -zrI manoharacaraNaraja, divyaguNAzrI

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AzIrvacana "svAntasukhAya parajanahitAya" isa lakSya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sAdhvI divyaguNAzrIjIne janamAnasa ko Atmonmukha banAne ke lie "hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana" isa viSaya para zodha kArya kiyA hai / sAhitya darpaNa kA kArya karatA hai / jisa prakAra darpaNa mukhAkRti para lage hue dAgoM kA nirIkSaNa karatA hai ThIka usI prakAra sAhitya bhI jana-mAnasa ko sahI digdarzana karAne meM sakSama hai| bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha se bhramita pathikoM ko Atma vikAsa kA mArga dikhAtA hai / sAdhvIjIne kaThina parizrama karake prastuta zodhagrantha ko sampUrNa kara jinazAsana kA gaurava bar3hAyA hai| 1 viSaya kA talasparzI evaM sUkSma jJAnArjana karane ke lie lakSya nirdhAraNa Avazyaka hai / isI hetu sAdhvIjIne pIeca. DI. karane kA nirNaya kiyaa| adhyayanazIla rahane meM kaThinAIyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| isameM bhI zramaNa paryAya to saMgharSa se paripUrNa hotA hai / isake bAvajUda bhI athak prayAsa karake inhone sAhityasevA kI yaha bahuta hI sarAhanIya kArya hai / antaHkaraNa se yahI maMgala AzIrvAda dete haiM ki bhaviSya meM isI prakAra saMyama sAdhanA ke sAtha sAtha sAhitya sAdhanA calatI rahe / 15-4-98 ahamadAbAda vicakSaNa-padareNU manoharazrI muktiprabhAzrI

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zraddhAsaha.....zubhakAmanA pU. AdaraNIya sAdhvI zrI manoharazrIjI ma.sA. kI ziSyA A. divyaguNAzrIjI tapasvinI sAdhvI hai| AtmakalyANa kI bhAvanA se tyAgapatha kI pathika sAdhvI zrI ko jJAna-prApti kI utanI hI pipAsA hai| cAritrya ke sAtha jJAna prApti kI unakI tIvecchA hI unakA yaha zodhagraMtha hai| ___ jaba saMgha ke mahAnubhAva vizeSakara zrI nAraNacaMda mehatA Adine mujhase Agraha kiyA ki maiM sAdhvIjI ke zodhakArya meM nirdezaka banUM / maiM bar3I duvidhA meM pdd'aa| jo svayaM mArgadarzaka haiM....unakA kyA mArgadarzana karU~ ? para vyAvahArika dRSTi se yaha maine svIkAra kiyA aura kucha baiThakoM ke pazcAta sAdhvI jI kI dRr3hatA, zodhakArya kI tIvratA Adi ke parIkSaNa ke pazcAt viSaya taya huA- "hindI ke mahAvIra-prabaMdha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyyn|" sAdhvI divyaguNAzrIjI zve. mUrtipUjaka kharataragaccha kI paraMparA meM dIkSita sAdhvI hai| unheM bha. mahAvIra para taTastha kArya karanA thA aura vaha unhoMne bar3I hI taTasthatA se yaha kArya kiyaa| bha. mahAvIra ke viSaya meM digaMbara aura zvetAMbara mAnyatAyeM kyA haiM inheM unhIM ke matAnusAra rakhakara kahIM bhI apanI nijI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ko hAvI nahIM hone diyaa| zodhagraMtha kA yaha adhyAya "bha. mahAvIra ke saMbaMdha meM digaMbara-zvetAMbara mAnyatAyeM' apane Apa meM anUThA hai| sAdhvIjIne bhAratavarSa meM bha. mahAvIra para likhe gaye prabaMdhoM kI khoja kI, unakI samIkSA kI aura vividha kaviyoM ke dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue bha. mahAvIra kI

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jIvanazailI, siddhAMto kA pratipAdana karate hue unakA nae saMdarbho meM mUlyAMkana kiyaa| savizeSa rUpa se nArI kA sthAna, hiMsA kA vyApaka samarthana aura vartamAna saMdarbho meM usakI upayogitA, prabaMdho meM prastuta rASTrIyatA, Arthika samasyA, sAmAjika, dhArmika,rAjanaitika pariveza ke sAtha jainadharma-darzana ke siddhAMtoM kI samIkSA prastuta kI zodhArthI sAdhvI jI ne ina prabaMdhoM kA bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa kI dara mUlyAMkana prastuta kiyA hai / kalApakSa kI dRSTi se prabaMdhoM kI samIkSA unakI vizeSa upalabdhi hai| kula milAkara yaha unakI vizeSa upalabdhi haiM ki ve mahAvIra ke jovana-siddhAMto ke prAcIna-arvAcIna saMdarbho ko jor3a skiiN| maiM sAdhuvAda detA hU~ sAdhvIjI ke athaka parizrama ko, mAtRbhASA hindI na hote hue bhI unakA hindImeM prabaMdha prastuta kara apanI rASTrIya bhAvanA kA paricaya dene para / pAdavihArI sAdhvI jI vihAra meM bhI apane adhyayana ke prati adhika jAgaruka rhiiN| ina bAhya parezAniyoM meM bhI himmata nahIM haarii| mujhe Azcarya bhI thA ki jinheM isa DigrI se koI bhautika lAbha nahIM haiM ve kitanI tanmayatA se kAryarata haiN| para, vAstava meM jinheM koI lobha-lAlaca nahIM ve hI kucha acchA kara pAte haiM isakI ve udAharaNa bana giiN| unhone jisa prakAra graMthAlayoM meM samAdhi lagAkara adhyayana kiyA vaha tArIpha ke yogya hai| unake isa jJAna-yajJa meM unakI guruNI pU. sAdhvI manohara zrI jI ma.sA. evaM sAthI saMghastha evaM sAdhvIgaNa kA sahayoga-preraNA-mArgadarzana evaM suvidhA pradAna karane kI bhAvanA sarAhanIya rhii| saMgha ke zrAvakoM kA sahayoga bhI prasaMzanIya rhaa|

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mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yaha zodhaprabaMdha bha. mahAvIra ke jIvana-kRtya, siddhAMto para naI dRSTi pradAna karegA aura bhaviSya ke jijJAsuoM ko prerita bhI kregaa| maiM punaH sAdhvIjI ke isa prayAsa kI anumodanA karatA hU~ unheM apanI zraddhA ke sAtha zubhakAmanAe~ preSita karatA huuN| 25-3-98 DaoN. zekharacandra jaina ahamadAbAda nirdezaka

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8 svakathya merA yaha mahAprabaMdha " hindI ke mahAvIra prabaMdha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana" prastuta karate hue maiM harSa aura gaurava kA anubhava kara rahI huuN| pichale aThAraha varSa ke sAdhvI-jIvana meM maine jaina dharma aura darzana kA gurUcaraNoM meM baiThakara adhyayana kiyA / antima caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara jinakA jaina mAnyatA se zAsanakAla cala rahA hai aura aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI bhagavAna isa deza kI saMskRti ke mahAna jyotirdhara rahe / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana maiM dhArmika zraddhA aura bhAvanA se par3hatI rahI aura unake patha kA tathAzakti anugamana karatI rhii| mere mana meM mahAvIra eka saMpradAya vizeSa se adhika janajAgaraNa ke agradUta rahe haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dRSTi se tIrthaMkara mAne gaye haiM, para hama vizAla dRSTi se dekheM to ve bhAratIya jana-jIvana ke muktidAtA rahai haiM / vicchRMkhala deza ke mArgadarzaka bane / mahAvIra ne usa samaya jabaki deza dharma ke nAma para ahiMsA ke ghinaune kriyAkANDoM meM ulajhA huA thA, jAti-pA~ti aura U~ca-nIca kI saMkIrNatAo meM dina-pratidina patana kI ora jA rahA thaa| jaba nArI kI sthiti badatara ho cUkI thI / zoSaNa kA sAmrAjya bar3ha rahA thA, usa samaya krAnti kA zaMkhanAda isa mahAmAnavane phuuNkaa| deza meM dharma ke nAma para pahale tAMtrikoM -mAMtriko ke nAma ke jAla ko tor3A / aMdhavizvAsoM, hInabhAvanAoM se grasita mAnava ko mukti kA paMtha btaayaa| mahAvIra ne sabase pahale logoM ko usa vAstavika dharma kA paricaya diyA jo mAnava ko mAnava banAtA hai / logoM ko unhIM kI janabhASA meM sarala zabdoM meM satpatha darzAyA / unhone samAja ke hara vyakti ko kisI bhI bhedabhAva ke binA apanA ziSya banAyA / pahalI bAra logoM ko mahasUsa huA ki koI unakA apanA hitaiSI bhI hai / mahAvIra ne ekAntavAda kA virodha karate hue anekAntavAda kA samarthana kiyA / ve mAnate the ki apanA hI dRSTikoNa sahI hai - aisA mAnanA aura dUsaroM para thopanA ekAMtavAda hai, parantu apekSA kI dRSTi se dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko jAnanA, samajhanA, parIkSaNa karanA aura svIkAra karanA yaha anekAntavAda hai, bhASA meM ise syAdvAda ke rUpameM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yaha mahAvIra kI vizAla vaicArika bhAvanA aura hRdaya kI vizAlatA kA pratibiMba hai / mahAvIrane pahalI bAra strI ko patitA yA cAra divAroM kI vilAsa kI sAmagrI na mAnakara use puruSa ke samakakSa tapasvinI aura mukti kI adhikArINI mAnA / mAnavamAtra svataMtra hai, use svataMtratApUrvaka jIne kA adhikAra hai yaha udghoSa kiyA / ahiMsA mAtra

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upadezoM ke lie yA dUsaroM ke liye nahIM, apitu svayaM ahiMsA ke sAmane ahiMsaka banakara udAharaNa prastuta kiyaa| mahAvIra ke ye guNa mujhe bacapana se hI AkarSita karate rahe, jyoM-jyoM maiM unake jIvana ko par3hatI gayI, hara bAra eka nayI dRSTi mere sAmane ubharatI gyii| mujhe lagA mahAvIra jaina dharma ke dAyare meM hI sImita na rahe, unake siddhAMta aura Adarza vizva ko satya, ahiMsA, prema aura mAnavatA kA saMdeza de sake / ataH usI vizAla pariprekSya meM maine yaha adhyayana prAraMbha kiyaa| jaisI hI merI jijJAsA bar3hI maiM bhagavAna mahAvIra para likhe gaye . sAhitya kA avalokana karane lgii| mujhe ina saba meM se kAvyavidhA meM ruci hone ke kAraNa unake saMbaMdha meM likhe gaye prabandha adhika rucikara lage / yadyapi bhagavAna mahAvIra para anaginata muktaka kAvya likhe gaye haiN| ina prabaMdhoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana tatkAlIna paristhitiyA~ unake siddhAMta Adi kA bar3A hI sarasa varNana haiN| ina sabakA ullekha maine pratyeka kRti ke saMkSipta vivecana meM prastuta kiyA haiN| mahAprabaMdha likhanA mujha jaisI vihAra karanevAlI sAdhvI ke liye asaMbhava sA lagatA thA, para jJAna kI pipAsA kI tRpti bhI Avazyaka thii| cAra-pA~ca varSa pUrva jayapura aura bharatapura cAturmAsoM meM isI viSaya ko lekara adhyayana kiyaa| kucha likhA bhI, para lagatA thA abhI nimitta nahIM AyA thaa| kucha nirAzA bhI thI, para gata varSa ahamadAbAda ke cAturmAsa ke daurAna saMyoga milA / DaoN. zekharacaMdra jaina ke mArgadarzana meM kArya kA prAraMbha kiyA aura mana kI dRr3ha bhAvanA ke kAraNa yaha kArya saMpanna kara skii| yaha merA dAvA nahIM hai ki maiMne koI khojakArya kiyA, para uttama prabaMdhoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara sakI aura jina mahAna kaviyoM ne apanI bhAvanAyeM kAryabaddha kI unakA rasa darzana kara skii| sAdhvI hone ke nAte svAntaH sukhAya hI merA parama saMtoSa hai| ___ maiM sarvaprathama udAracetA vAtsalyamUrti zatAvadhAnI zAsanajyoti pa. pUjanIyA manoharazrIjI ma.sA. ke AzIrvAda aura satpreraNA ko kaise bhuuluuN| jo merI isa adhyayanakalpanA ko sAkAra karanevAlI rahI hai / isa mahAprabaMdha kI preraNAstrota ve hI haiN| maiM kRtajJa hU~ pa.pU. viduSIvaryA zrI muktiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. kI jinakA Adyanta sahayoga mujhe milatA rahA / yadi saMghastha sAdhvIgaNa kI mamatA aura utsAha-varNana na milA hotA to maiM itanI samatA se kArya saMpanna na kara paatii| isa zodhagrantha meM DaoN. zekharacandra jaina ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~ jinakI

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10 preraNA aura mArgadarzana tathA kuzala nirdezana meM yaha zodhakArya yathAsamaya pUrNa ho skaa| bharatapura ke nivAsI DaoN. rAmakRSNa zarmAjI kA sarvaprathama sahayoga rhaa| mahAprabaMdha ke saMzodhana lekhana meM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ke graMthAlaya se mujhe jo sahAyatA prApta huI hai, usameM kuzala adhyApaka aura sahayogiyoM meM madada kI hai| isameM rUpendrabhAI, amRtabhAI, salonIbahana, pArUlabahana aura bhAratIbahana kA vizeSa sahayoga upalabdha huA hai / aMta meM eka bAra punaH una sabhI mahAnubhAvoM ke prati sAdhuvAda vyakta karatI hU~ jo pratyakSa yA parokSa rupa se sahayogI rahe - sAdhvI divyaguNAzrI * ****

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11 anukramaNikA (2) prathama adhyAyaH pR.1-59 (1) pUrvabhUmikA jaina dharma kI prAcInatA tIrthaMkara paraMparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra RSabhadeva, nami, nemI, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra prastuta prabaMdhoM kA sAhityika paricaya vardhamAna, bhagavAna mahAvIra, carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, vIrAyana, zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, jaya mahAvIra, parama jyoti mahAvIra, trizalAnaMdana mahAvIra aura vardhamAna puraann| dvitIya adhyAyaH pR.60-102 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana-paricaya:- vIra janma ke pUrva kI sthiti, janmasthAna, bAlyakAla, zakti-paricaya, yauvanAvasthA, virakti, dIkSAgrahaNa, sAdhanApakSa, jana-kalyANa evaM hitopadeza, antima dezanA va nirvANa / pramukha caritroM kA caritra-citraNa : (a) puruSa pAtra : (1) siddhArtha (2) nandIvarddhana (ba) nArI pAtra : (1) trizalA (2) yazodA (3) zacI (4) caMdanabAlA tRtIya adhyAyaH pR.103-204 prabaMdhoM kA bhAvapakSa (a) prabaMdho meM jaina darzana: (1) Izvara (2) vizvaracanA (3) paMcamahAvrata (4) chaha dravya (5) sAta tatva (6) karmavAda (7) syAdvAda (8) saptabhaMgI nyAya (9) aparigraha (10) bAraha vrata (ba) prabaMdho meM rASTrIya bhAvanAH rASTra zabda kI vyAkhyA, bhAratIya dRSTikoNa, pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa, rASTrIyatA ke poSakatatva,

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12 rAjanItijJatA, dezadarzana, ( prAkRtika saundarya), atIta bhAratI kA citraNa, jAgaraNa gIta, abhiyAna gIta, vartamAna bhArata kA citraNa, rASTrIya svAbhimAna kI kmii| prabaMdho ke AdhAra para yugIna paristhitiyoM kA aMkana mahAvIrakAlIna paristhitiyA~ : rAjanItika paristhitiyA~, sAmAjika- vivAha ke vividha prakAra, bAla vivAha, bahupati aura bahupatnIprathA, vidhavA vivAha, satIprathA aura jaina dharma, gaNikAyeM evaM vezyAe~, paradA prathA / dhArmika aura Arthika paristhiti / (ka) prabaMdho meM nArI bhAvanA : mahAvIrakAlIna nArI- sthiti, nArI - utthAna / (Da) prabaMdhoM meM prakRti-citraNa : janma ke pUrva kI, janma ke samaya, upasargo ke samaya, kevalajJAna ke samaya, vana meM padArpaNa aura nirvANa ke samaya / ke samaya, (i) prabaMdho meM rasa- darzana : zAntarasa, zrRMgArarasa, vAtsalyarasa, karuNarasa, raudrarasa aura bhayAnaka rasa Adi / (I) atizaya: janmAtizaya, kevalajJAnAtizaya aura devAtizaya / caturtha adhyAya : prabaMdhoM kA kalApakSa prabaMdho kI bhASA : zabdazakti - abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA / zabda - tatsama, tadbhava, dezaja, videzI, muhAvareM aura kahAvateM / chanda - mAtrika aura varNika / pR. 205-275 mAtrika - copAI, pAdAkulaka, rAdhikA, rolA, sAra, catuSpadI tribhaMgI aura dohA Adi / varNika - vaMzastha, drutavilambita, mAlinI aura zArdUlavikrIData Adi / alaMkAra - upamA, rUpaka, atizayokti, svabhAvokti, saMdeha, vyatireka, dRSTAnta aura udAharaNa / anuprAsa,

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prathama adhyAya (1) pUrvabhUmikA (2) jaina dharmakI prAcInatA (3) tIrthaMkara paraMparAmeM bhagavAna mahAvIra RSabhadeva, nami, nemi, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra (4) prastuta prabandhoM kA sAhityika paricaya : (1) vardhamAna (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra (3) carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (4) vIrAyana (4) zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra caritra (6) tIrthaMkara mahAvIra (7) jaya mahAvIra (8) (9) trizalAnaMdana mahAvIra (10) vardhamAna purANa parama jyoti mahAvIra

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana pUrva bhUmikA dharma aura darzana manuSya ke lie Avazya hI nahIM apitu anivArya hai| jaba mAnava cintana ke sAgara meM DubakI lagAtA hai taba darzana kA aura jaba vaha usa cintana kA apane jIvana meM prayoga karatA hai taba dharma kA janma hotA hai| mAnava ke jIvana kI ulajhana ko sulajhAne ke lie hI dharma aura darzana kA janma huaa| dharma aura darzana ye donoM hI eka dUsare se pUraka haiN| cintakoM ne dharma meM buddhi, bhAvanA aura kriyA tIna tattva mAne haiN| buddhi se jJAna, bhAvanA se zraddhA aura kriyA se AcAra apekSita hai| jaina dRSTi meM isI ko samyak zraddhA, samyaka jJAna aura samyaka cAritra kahA jAtA hai| kANTa' ne dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue jJAna kriyA ko mahattva diyA hai| ' mahAna dArzanika sukarAta kI dRSTi se dharma aura darzana bhinna nahIM paraMtu abhinna hai| usake pazcAt grIka va yuropIya dArzanikoM meM dharma aura darzana ko lekara matabheda upasthita huA hai| dArzanika sukarAtane jo darzana aura dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA vaha jaina dharma se bahuta kucha saMgata pratIta hotA hai| jaina dharma ke AdhAra para pAMca bheda mAne gaye hai| usameM jJAnAcAra bhI eka hai| jJAna aura AcAra paraspara sApekSa haiN| isa dRSTi se vicAra darzana aura AcAra dharma hai| jaina dharma meM mukhya rUpa se do tatva haiMeka ahiMsA aura dUsarA anekAnta / ahiMsA dharma hai aura anekAnta darzana hai| isa prakAra darzana dharma hai aura dharma darzana hai| vicAra meM AcAra aura AcAra meM vicAra yahI bhAratIya cintana kI vizeSatA hai| jaina dharma kI prAcInatA ___ jaina dharma meM mAnya tIrthaMkaroM kA astitva vaidikakAla ke pUrva bhI vidyamAna thaa| itihAsa isa paraMparA ke mUla taka nahIM pahuMca sakA hai| upalabdha purAtatva saMbaMdhI tathyoM ke niSpakSa vizleSaNa se yaha nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI paraMparA anAdikAlIna hai| vaidika vAGmaya meM vAta-razanAmuniyoM, kezImuni aura vAtya kSatriyoM ke ullekha Aye haiM, jinase yaha spaSTa hai ki purUSArtha para vizvAsa karanevAle dharma ke pragatizIla vyAkhyAtA tIrthaMkara prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bhI vidyamAna the| mohana-jo-daDoM ke khaMDaharoM se prApta yogIzvara RSabha kI kAryotsarga mudrA isakA jIvaMta pramANa hai| yahAM se upalabdha . 2. DaoN. nemicaMdra zAstrI : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA pR.1. sandarbha - AcArya hastimalajI : jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa pR.37 sthAnAGga 5 udde. 2 sUtra 432

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana anya purAtatva saMbaMdhI sAmragI bhI tIrthaMkara paraMparA kI puSTi karatI haiN| vaidika saMskRti meM hI vedoM ko sarvopari mahatva dekara mAnava-jJAna kI pUrNa pratiSThA nahIM huI hai, apitu zramaNa saMskRti meM bhI vItarAga, hitopadezI aura sarvajJa tIrthaMkara kI pratiSThA ko mahatva pradAna kiyA haiN| dIpaka svayaM prakAzita hotA hai aura darpaNa svabhAvataH svarUpAvalokana kA avasara pradAna karatA hai / isI prakAra tIrthaMkara bhI samasta sAMsArikatA se upara uThakara mAnavatA kA saMdeza dete haiN| ___ bhAratIya saMskRti ko paripuSTa evaM saMvardhita karane meM evaM isake svarUpa nirmANa meM jaina saMskRti kA mahAna yogadAna hai| sAhitya, kalA, saMgIta, citrakalA evaM mAnavamUlyoM ke prati AsthA ityAdi meM jaina saMskRti kI bar3I bhArI dena haiN| jaina dharma kI vicAradhArA prAgvaidika hai isake pramANa prApta hote haiN| RSabhadeva ke viSaya meM aneka khojapUrNa pramANika tathya prApta hue haiN| mohana jodar3o se prApta citroM kI mudrAyeM isakA pramANa haiN| jaina matAnusAra caudaha manu hue hai tathA antima manu nAbhirAja the tathA RSabhadeva inhIM ke putra the jinhoMne hi samasta saMsAra ko asi, masi, kRSi evaM lipi vidyA kI zikSA dii| __ veda saMsAra ke prAcInatama graMtho meM mAnA gayA hai tathA cAroM vedoM meM Rgveda sarvaprathama hai / ina veda graMtho me zrI RSabhadeva, zrI ajitanAtha va. zrI ariSTanemi tInoM tIrthaMkaroM kA varNana hai / Rgveda meM eka sthAna para bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko pUrvajJAna kA pratipAdaka aura duHkhanAzaka kahA gayA hai| 'Rgveda meM RSabhadeva ko RSi bhI kahate hai| zrImad bhAgavatapurANa meM RSabhadeva ko janatA kA kalyANa karane ke lie avatarita huA mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra vedoM, purANoM tathA bauddha graMthoM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA varNana hai| jisase pramANita hotA hai ki ve zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRti ke sarvaprathama Adi purUSa haiN| isa bAta kA pramANa milatA hai ki i. pU. prathama zatAbdi meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA hotI thii| bhAgavatapurANa jisakA 18 purANoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai , asUtapUrvA vRSabho jyAyAnimA arayazurUdhaH santi puurviiH|| divo na pAtA vidathasya dhIbhiH kSatraM rAjAnA prati vo ddhaathe| Rgveda 52-38 tanmayaya' devatva sajAtamanaH / Rgveda 31/17 nityAnubhUtanijalAbha nivRttatRSNa: zreyasyatadracanayA cirsuptbuddheH| lokasya yaH karuNAbhayAtmalokamAkhyanamo bhagavate RSabhAya tasmai / zrImad bhAgavata 4/ 6/19/569

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana usameM bhI RSabhadeva ko jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai| mahAna dArzanika DaoNkTara rAdhAkRSNa isa kathana se pUrNa sahamata haiN| aneka pramANoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki RSabhadeva prAgaitihAsika paurANika purUSa hai jinakA ki vedoM purANa graMtho meM varNana hai / bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko mahApurANa meM prajApati bhI kahA gayA hai|' tIrthaMkara paraMparA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra tIrthaMkara zabda tIrtha upapada kRJ+apa se banA hai| isakA artha jo tIrtha dharma kA pracAra kare yaha tIrthaMkara hai| tIrtha zabda bhI tR+thaka se niSpanna hai| arthAt jisa ke dvArA saMsAramahArNava hai yA pApAvikoM se pAra huA jAya, yaha tIrtha hai / isa zabda kA abhidhAgata artha ghATa, setu yA gurU hai aura lAkSaNika artha dharma hai / bauddha sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para tIrthaMkara zabda vyavahRta huA hai| 2 sAma-aphalasUtra meM chaha tIrthaMkaro kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina sAhitya kI taraha mukhya rUpa se yaha zabda vahAM pracalita nahIM rahA hai| kucha hI sthaloM para usakA ullekha huA hai| kintu jaina sAhitya meM isa zabda kA prayoga atyadhika mAtrA meM huA hai| ____ jo tIrtha kA kartA yA nirmAtA hotA hai vaha tIrthaMkara kahalAtA hai| zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA isa caturvidha saMgha ko bhI tIrthaM kahA gayA hai| isa tIrtha kI jo sthApanA karate hai una viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| saMskRta sAhitya meM tIrtha zabda ghATa' ke lie prayukta huA hai| saMsArarUpI eka mahAna nadI hai, usa meM kahIM para krodha ke magaramaccha haiM, kahI para mAyA ke viSele sarpa phutkAra karate haiM to kahIM para lobha ke bhaMvara vidyamAna haiN| ananta dayA ke sAgara tIrthaMkara prabhu ne sAdhakoM kI suvidhA ke lie dharma ke ghATa kA nirmANa kiyaa| aNuvrata, mahAvratoM ke niyama Adi kI vyavasthA kI jisase sAdhaka ko saMsArarUpI bhayaMkara samudra ko pAra karane meM suvidhA rhe| tIrtha kA artha setu bhI hai| cAhe kitanI bar3I se bar3I nadI kyoM na ho, yadi setu hai to nirbala se nirbala vyakti bhI sugamatA se pAra kara sakatA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ne sAdhu-sAdhvI, zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa saMghasvarUpa setu kA nirmANa kiyA hai| . ASADhamAsabahulapratipadadivase kRti| kRtvA kRtayugArambhaM prAjApatyamupeyivAna / / mahApurANa 190/16/363 bauddha sAhityakA laMkAvatAra sUtra dIghanikAya sAmaJaphalasUtra, pR.16-22 hindI anuvAda.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana cobIsa tIrthaMkara : ___ prastuta avasarpiNI kAla meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara hue hai / caubIsa tIrthaMkaro ke sambandha meM sabase prAcIna ullekha dRSTivAda ke mUla prathamAnuyoga meM thA, para Aja vaha anupalabdha hai| Aja sabase prAcIna ullekha samavAyAGga, kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niyukti 4 Adi meM milatA haiN| isake pazcAt caupanna mahApurisacariyaM, triSaSThizAlakApuruSa caritra, mahApurANa, uttara purANa, Adi graMtho meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| svataMtra rUpa se eka-eka tIrthaMkara para vibhinna AcAryoM ne saMskRta, apabhraMza, prAkRta, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI va anya prAntIya bhASAoMmeM anekAneka graMtha likhe haiM va likhe jA rahe haiN| jaina itihAsa meM triSaSTha zalAkA puruSoM ke varNana hai| inameM se caubIsa tIrthaMkara aise zalAkA puruSa hai, jinhoMne mAnava-sabhyatA ke usa kAla meM hI eka kramabaddha rUpa dene kA prayatna kiyaa| tIrthaMkaro se pUrva caudaha kulakaroM kA ullekha hai| zalAkA puruSomeM se prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha, ikkIsaveM naminAtha, bAIsaveM neminAtha, teIzveM pArzvanAtha tathA caubIsaveM vardhamAna mahAvIra purANa va itihAsa kI pahuMca meM haiN| zeSa tIrthaMkaro ke utane aitihAsika pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| RSabhadevaH caubIsa tIrthaMkaro meM sabase prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiN| unake astitva ko siddha karane ke lie Agama va Agametara sAhitya hI prabala prama meM haiN| jaina dRSTi se bhagavAna RSabhadeva vartamAna avasarpiNIkAla ke tRtIya Are ke upasaMhAra kAla meM hue hai| ' caubIsa meM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura RSabhadeva ke bIca kA samaya asaMkhyAta varSa kA | om F (ka) samavAyAGga sUtra 147 (kha) nandIsUtra, sUtra-56 pR.151-152, pUjyazrI hastimalajI dvArA saMpAdita samavAyAGga sUtra -24 kalpasUtra tIrthaMkara varNana Avazyaka niyukti 369 AcArya zIlAGka, coppannamahApurisacariyaM-anuvAda A. hemasAgara AcArya hemacandra-jaina dharma sabhA, bhAvanagara AcArya jinasena-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI AcArya guNabhadra-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI (ka) jambUdvIpa prajJapti (kha) kalpasUtra ; oi

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai|' bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA ullekha jaina purANoM ke atirikta aneka graMthoM meM bar3e gaurava ke sAtha huA hai| Rgveda, zrImad bhAgavata ityAdi meM RSabhanAtha kA vizada varNana haiN| ve sarva pUjya aura sarva sammata hai, unako lekara koI vivAda nahIM haiN| ve yogezvara hai prAgArya hai, vedapUrva hai / vedoM meM vedAMtIta hai / mohana-jo-daDoM ke avazeSo me unako lekara spaSTa pramANa mile haiN| vaidika dRSTi se RSabhadeva bhagavAna prathama satayuga ke anta meM hae hai aura rAmakRSNa ke avatAroM se pUrva hue haiN| 2 jaina dRSTi se AtmavidyA ke prathama puraskartA bhagavAna RSabhadeva haiN| ve prathama rAjA, prathama jina, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaMkara aura prathama dharmacakravartI the| isI avasarpiNI kAla ke tIsare Are ke tIsa varSa aura sAr3he ATha zeSa rahate unakA nirvANa ho gyaa| isa avasarpiNI kAla meM jaina dharma ke Adi praNetA samAjastraSTA aura nItinirmAtA bhagavAn RSabhadeva hue haiN| usa samaya isa bharatakSetra meM na dharma thA, na parivAra-prathA thI, na samAjavyavasthA thI, na rAjyazAsana thA, na nIti aura na kalA kA udbhava huA thaa| usa samaya kI prajA vRkSo ke phalo para avalambita thI, jinhe kalpavRkSa kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI haiN| jaina zAstro meM vaha yugalakAla ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, kyoMki manuSya kA manuSya ke sAtha agara koI saMparka thA to vaha nara aura nArI kA hI thaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pitA mahArAjA nAbhithe jo isa kAla ke antima kulakara the| unakI mAtA kA nAma marudevI thaa| yugalika sabhyatA meM hI unakA bAlya kAla vyatIta huaa| kAlacakra tejI ke sAtha ghUma rahA thaa| prakRti meM AmUla parivartana ho rahA thaa| mAnava prakRti meM bhoga lipsA kA vikAsa ho rahA thA aura bhautika prakRti kI phaladAyinI zakti kA hAsa ho rahA thaa| isa dohare parivartana ke kAraNa pahalI bAra azAnti kA udbhava huaa| jo vRkSa usa samaya kI prajA ke jIvana nirvANa ke sAdhana the, ve paryApta phala nahIM dete the aura kRSi karma Adi se loga anabhijJa the| isa paristhiti meM eka bhArI prANa saMkaTa upasthita huaa| usa saMkaTa kA sAmanA karane ke lie yugAnukUla jo nUtana vyavasthA kI jinendra mata darpaNa bhAga 1, pR.10 dhammANaM kAsavo muhaM, uttarAdhyayana 16, a. 25 usahe NAmaM arahA kosalie paDhamarAyA paDhamajiNe, paDhama kevalI. paDhamatitthayare, paDhamadhammavaracakkavaTTI samuppajjitthe- (jambudvIpaprajJapti, 2/30)

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana gaI, usane bhogabhUmi ko karma bhUmi meM pariNata kara diyaa| guNakarma ke AdhAra para RSabhadeva ne mAnava vyavasthA kI aura karma purUSArtha para khar3A karake manuSya ko svAvalaMbI banA diyA / prajA ke hita ke lie lekha, gaNita, nRtya, gIta so prakAra kI zilpa kalA Adi bahatara kalAeM puruSoM kI aura causaTha kalAeM strIyoM kI ' nirmANa kI / sarvaprathama apanI putrI brAhmI ko lipi kI zikSA dI aura isa kAraNa vaha lipi Aja taka brAhmI lipi ke nAma se vikhyAta hai / 4 RSabhadevajI kI sunaMdA aura sumaMgalA do patniya thI / vivAha ke pazcAt RSabhadeva kA rAjyabhiSeka huaa| 3 chaH lAkha pUrva se kucha nyuna kAla taka sunaMdA aura sumaMgalA ke sAtha vivAha saMbaMdha se rahate hue bhagavAna ko saMtAnotpatti huI / sumaMgalA ne bharata aura brAhmI tathA sunaMdAne bAhubali aura suMdarI ko yugala rUpa meM janma diyA / sumaMgalA ke kAlAntara meM yugala rUpa se 49 bAra meM kula 98 putro ko janma diyaa| isa prakAra prabhu ke 100 putra aura do putriyA~ utpanna huI / ' loka jIvana kI suvyavasthA karane ke pazcAt prajA kA bhAra apane putroM ko soMpakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva parigraha se vimukta ho kSita ho gaye / eka hajAra varSa taka nirantara kaThora tapazcacaraNa karane ke pazcAta ve jina vItarAga evaM pUrNa jJAnI ho gaye / tatpazcAt unhone samAja vyavasthA aura dharmavyavasthA karake mAnava jIvana ko eka prazasta aura uccatara dhyeya pradAna kiyA / gRhasthoM ke lie aNuvratoM kA tathA sAdhuoM ke lie mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyaa| bhagavAna ke dharmopadeza kI vaha vimala strotasvinI ati dIrgha mArga ko pAra karatI huI Aja taka pravAhita ho rahI hai / tIrthaMkara namaH anAsakti yoga ke pratIka / 21 veM tIrthaMkara naminAtha hai| RSabhanAtha ke annatara naminAtha kA jIvanavRtta jainetara sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai / nami mithilA ke rAjA the 1. 2. 3. 4.' 5. ? 7 jambudvIpa prajJapti: RSabha - caritra : sandarbha : suzIlamunijI - " jaina dharma " pR. 14 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra pR. 30 bhAga-1 saMdarbha - hastImalajI - "jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa "pR. 16 kalpasUtra kiraNAvalI, 151 - 2

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana aura unheM hindu purANoM meM janaka ke pUrvaja ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| nami kI anAsaktavRtti itanI prasiddha thI, jisase unakA vaMza hI videha kahalAtA thaa| ahiMsA kA pracAra nami ke yuga meM vizeSa rUpa se huA thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM nami-pravrajyA kA suMdara varNana upalabdha hotA hai| aura yahA~ unhIM ke dvArA ve vAkya kahe gaye haiM, jo vaidika va bauddha paraMparA ke saMskRta va pAli sAhitya meM gUMjate hue pAye jAte haiN| isa pravrajyA meM Aye hue vacanoM kI tulanA pAli jAtaka aura mahAbhArata ke kaI aMzo se kI jA sakatI hai| 2 tIrthaMkara nami kI anAsaktavRtti mithilA meM janaka taka pAyI jAtI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki ahiMsAtmaka pravRtti ke kAraNa hI unakA dhanuSa pratyaMcAhIna rUpa meM unake kSatriyatva kA pratIka mAtra raha gayA thaa| rAma ne ziva-gAMDIva ko phira pratyacyAyukta kiyaa| sItA svayaMvara ke avasara para rAmane isI pratyacyAhIna dhanuSa ko tor3a kara dhanuSa para punaH pratyacyAkI paraMparA pracalita kii| vastutaH ahiMsA meM hI zaurya aura parAkrama kI vRtti nihita hai| tIrthaMkara neminAtha : 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA varNana jaina graMtho ke sAtha Rgveda, mahAbhArata Adi graMtho meM pAyA jAtA hai| vaha mahAbhArata kA yuga thaa| yaha kAla IsvI pUrve 1000 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai| neminAtha yaduvaMzI the| unake pitA aMdhakavRSNI ke jyeSTha putra samudravijaya the, kRSNa, vasudeva se utpanna unake cacere bhAI the| neminAtha kA vivAha saMbaMdha girinagara (giranAra) ke rAjA ugrasena kI viduSI kanyA rAjulamatI se honA nizcita huA thA, kintu jaise hI bArAta girinagara pahuMcI neminAtha kA dhyAna atithiyoM ko bhojana ke nimitta gyaa| seMkaDo pazuoM kI karuNArda cItkAra para gyaa| unhone saMsAra kA parityAga kara diyA aura vivAha maNDapa meM jAne kI apekSA ve tapovana meM cale gaye / bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM unhoMne ahiMsA aura karUNAmUlaka jIvana dRSTi ko eka suvyavasthita siddhAMta ke rUpameM pracArita kiyaa| "suhaM vasAmo jIvAmo jesiM mo Natthi kiNcnn| mihilAe DajjhamANIe Na me Dajjhai kiMcaNa // '- utta. 9-14 "susukhaM vata jIvAma yesaM no natthi kiNcn| . mithilAe dahamAnAya na me kiMcana dahyate // "- pAli-mahAjanaka-jAtaka "mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me kiMcana dhyte|"- ma. bhA. zAMtiparva

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha : tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aitihAsika yuga purUSa the| yaha aneka pramANoM se siddha ho cUkA hai / jaina sAhitya kI nahIM, bauddha sAhitya bhI tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra karatA hai| bhagavAna kA janma banArasa ke rAjA azvasena aura unakI rAnI vAmAdevI ke kukSise huA thaa| unhoMne tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM gRha tyAgakara sammedazikhara parvata para tapasyA kii| yaha parvata Aja taka pArzvanAtha parvata ke nAma se prasiddha hai| pArzvanAtha ne kevalajJAna prAptakara 70 varSa taka zramaNa dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| pArzvanAtha ke jIvana-prasaMga meM kamaTha kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isI ke kAraNa pArzvanAtha kI sAdhanA meM nikhAra aura pariSkAra AyA hai| kSamA aura vaira ke ghAta pratighAtoM kA mArmika varNana huA hai| pArzvanAtha kSamA ke pratIka aura kamaTha vaira kA / kSamA aura vaira kA dvandva aneka janmoM taka calA hai aura anta meM vaira para kSamA kI vijaya huI hai| sammedazikhara parvata tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha 'hila' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / jaina purANoM ke anusAra pArzvanAtha kA nirvANakAla IsvI. pUrve 777 ThaharatA hai| pArzvanAtha kI jaina dharma ke tatyugIna rUpa para gaharI chApa hai, ve RSabhanAtha se neminAtha taka calI AtI dharma paraMparA ke samaveta saMskaraNa haiN| unameM tIrthaMkara RSabha kA AkiMcanya aparigraha aura karmaThatA / naminAtha kI anAsaktavRtti evaM neminAtha kI karuNA pradhAna ahiMsAvRtti sAmAyika dharmacakra ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| pArzvanAtha ne ahiMsA ke suvyavasthita siddhAMta ke rUpa meM pratiSThi kara kSamA kI dhArA pracalita kii| bhagavAna mahAvIraH bhArata kA pUrvIya bhAga mukhya rUpa se hiMsApUrNa yajJAdi karmakANDoM kA kendra thaa| dhArmika dAsatA cAroM ora apanA prabhutva jamA rahI thii| jana-mAnasa usa vikRta vAtAvaraNa se uba cUkA thA aura vaha kisI divya-bhavya prakAza puJja apalaka pratIkSA kara rahA thA jo use dharma kA prazasta evaM sahI mArgadarzana kara ske| aise samaya meM caitra zukla trayodazI ke dina magadha ke videha janapada meM vaizAlI ke kSatriya kuNDa ke adhipati rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA ke yahA~ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huaa| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa pazcAt pragatizIla paraMparA ke saMsthApaka caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hue| inhone apanI vrata saMbaMdhI pragatizIla krAnti ke dvArA jaina dharma ko yugAnukUla rUpa diyaa| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI tIrtha paraMparA ko Dhahate hue

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ghAToM kA punaruddhAra inhone kiyaa| zramaNoM kI prAcIna sAdhanA zrama, zAMti aura saMyama kI thii| mahAvIra ne bhI isI sAdhanA mArga ko gatizIla bnaayaa| nizcaya hI mahAvIra dharma pravartaka hI nahIM, apitu mahAna lokanAyaka dharmanAyaka krAntikArI sudhAraka, sacce pathapradarzaka aura vizva-baMdhutva ke pratIka the| unameM alaukika sAhasa, sumeru tulya avicala dRDhatA, sAgaropama gaMbhIratA evaM adbhUta sahanazIlatA vidyamAna thii| unhoMne rUDhivAda, pAkhaNDa, mithyAbhimAna aura varNa bheda ke aMdhakAra pUrNa gaMbhIra garta meM giratI huI mAnavatA ko uThAne meM athaka prayAsa kiyaa| isa prakAra isa yuga kI tIrthaMkara paraMparA kI aMtima kaDI bhagavAna mahAvIra haiN| mahAvIra ne jana-jIvana ko unnata kiyA hI, sAtha hI unhone sAdhanA kA aisA mArga prastuta kiyA, jisa mArga para calakara sabhI vyakti sukha aura zAMti prApta kara sakate hai| unake dhyAnayoga kI sAdhanA AtmasAdhanA thI, bhaya se para thI, pralobhano se pare aura rAga-dveSa se pare thii| ve nirjana vana meM dhyAnastha mudrA meM avicala rahakara sva kI khoja karate rhe| unake manameM koI bhI vikalpa nahIM thaa| maitrI bhAvanA kA sarvocca Adarza, jise puSpoM se hI nahIM, kaMTakoM se bhI pyAra thaa| satAnevAloM ke prati bhI eka sahaja karUNA aura kalyANa kI kAmanA vidyamAna thii| mahAvIra samatvayoga ke sAdhakathe aura ve karUNA ke devatA the| unhone viSa ko amRta banA diyA aura vaira-virodha kA zamanakara samatA aura zAMti kA mArga sthApita kiyaa| prastuta prabaMdho kA sAhityika paricaya mahAkAvyoM kI samIkSA prastuta mahAkAvyoM meM kavi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbha meM Ane se lekara unake parinirvANa taka kI vizAla AdhyAtmika jIvana yAtrA ko paraMparA ke Aloka meM apanI kalpanA evaM prakhara pratimA suMdara rIti se citraNa karane meM saphala hue haiN| unhone mahAkAvyoM ke lakSaNoM ko dhyAna rakhate hue kAvya kI racanA kI hai| prAyaH sabhI prabaMdhoM meM mahAkAvyoM ke zAstroM ke ina lakSaNoM kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| kathAnaka na bahuta bar3A aura na bahuta choTA, sargabaddha, nATaka kI sandhiyA se saMghaTita, susaMbaMdha, kisI mahAna ghaTanA para AdhArita hai| rudrahava hemacaMdra ke anusAra avAntaka kathAoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai / nAyaka sadvaMzI kSatriya yA devatA honA caahie| yaha guNa bhagavAna mahAvIra meM pUrva rUpa se vidyamAna thaa| mahAkAvyoM meM vastu-vyApAra varNana para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| prakRti citraNa,

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jIvana ke vibhinna vyApAroM aura paristhiyoM kA varNana vistAra pUrvaka huA hai / samagra yugajIvana kA varNana inhIM ke dvArA saMbhava huA hai| rasa aura bhAva-vyaMjanA kA vivecana karate hue ina kaviyoM ne sabhI rasoM kA svAbhAvika nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ina meM zAMtarasa pradhAna hai / sAtha hI zrRMgAra, vIra Adi sabhI svAbhAvika rUpa se varNita hote gaye haiN| zailI garimAmayI aura gaMbhIra hai| chaMdo kA ramya prayoga apekSita hai| kaviyoM ne kahIM chando kahIM achandasa prayoga bhI kiyA hai / alaMkAro ko sabhI AcAryo samAna mahatva diyA hai, jo ina mahAkAvyoM kI bhI zobhA bana gaye haiN| bhASA bhI pAtro ke anukUla garimAmayI aura gaMbhIra hai| kaviyoM ne prAMjala tatsama aura bolacAla kI bhASA kA prayoga kiyA haiN| *** . vardhamAna mahAkAvya racayitA - mahAkavi anUpa zarmA kavivara paM. anUpa zarmA kA "vardhamAna mahAkAvya" tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samagra jIvana evaM darzana ko citrita karana vAlA khar3I-bolI (Adhunika hindI) kA prathama mahAkAvya hai jo saM. 2007 meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita huA thaa| kula 17 sargo meM vibhakta evaM 1997 catuSpadI chaMdo meM raMcita "vardhamAna mahAkAvya'pradhAnataH bhakti evaM vairAgya kA kAvya hai, jo khar3I bolI ke mahAkavi paM. zrI ayodhyAsiMha upAdhyAya "hariaudha'ke priyapravAsa mahAkAvya evaM svayaM zrI anUpa zarmA ke siddhArtha kAvya ke anurUpa tatsama zabdAvalI se yukta chaMdo meM racita haiN| saMpUrNa "vardhamAna kAvya"vaMzastha chaMda meM likhA gayA hai, para ghaTanA parivartana meM kahIM-kahIM mAlinI aura drata vilambita chaMdo kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai, jaba ki upasaMhAra zikhariNi chanda meM hai| priya-pravAsa sAketa, kAmAyanI, yazodharI, siddhArtha, buddha carita Adi Adhunika mahAkAvyoM meM Alocya "vardhamAna mahAkAvya' bhAva evaM kalAvidhAna donoM hI dRSTiyoM se ullekhanIya ___ bhArata kI sAMskRtika paraMparA meM mahAna AtmAoM kA guNAnuvAda eka mahatvapUrNa tatva rahA hai| kaviyoM ne apane ArAdhya kA guNa-gIna kebhI Atmanivedana ke rUpa meM kiyA hai to kabhI carita nAyaka ke rUpa meM usakI mahAnatA vyaMjita kI hai| vAlmIki, kAlIdAsa, bhavabhUti, sUra, tulasI, mIrAM, puSpadaMta, svayaMbhU, sakalakIrti, bra. jinadAsa, zubhacaMdra, dhAnatarAya, daulatarAma, navalarAma Adi kaviyoM ne apane upAsya kI saguNa evaM nirguNa donoM prakAra se bhakti kI hai / mahAvIra tIrthaMkara aura siddha donoM hI rUpoM meM kAvyoM meM

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12 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana varNita rahe haiM / nirvANa prAptise pUrva unakA saguNa svarUpa aura janma maraNa ke baMdhana se chUTane para unakA siddha svarUpa nirguNa svarUpa hai / V vardhamAna mahAkAvya ke sabaMdha meM mukhya vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki grantha na to itihAsa hai na jIvanI | yadi Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana sabaMdhI samasta ghaTanAoM kA aura tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura dhArmika paristhitiyoM kA kramavAra itihAsa isa graMtha meM khojanA cAheMge to nirAza honA paDegA / yaha to mahAkAvya hai, jisa meM kavine bhagavAna ke jIvana aura vyaktitva ko phalaka banAkara kalpanA kI tUlikA calAI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharma ke unnAyaka antima tIrthaMkara the, unake pAMca nAma the, guNA - vIra, ativara, mahAvIra, sammati aura vardhamAna / prastuta kAvya ke zIrSaka ke lie vardhamAna nAma hI upayukta samajhA gyaa| dUsarI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vardhamAna nAma itanA pracalita hai ki bhagavAna kI vihAra aura upadeza bhUmikA eka khaMDa baMgAla meM isa nAma se hI ( vardhamAna ) prasiddha hai / kavi zrI anUpa zarmA ne apane isa vardhamAna kA kAvya meM mahAkAvyocita sabhI tatvoM- kathA, prabaMdha, itihAsa, prasiddha kathA nAyaka, prakRti varNana, saundarya nirUpaNa, pada - lAlitya, artha gAmbhIrya, rasa-nirjhara, kalAvidhAna Adi meM kAvya kuzalatA kA ucita nirvAha kiyA hai| pade pade rUpaka aura upamA aMlakAro kI chaTA darzanIya hai / sAkSAt sarasvatI kA pratIka saMpUrNa vardhamAna kAvya mahAvIra ke pitA rAjA siddhArtha kI rAja sabhA ke samAna lagatA hai| kavivara ne vardhamAna kAvya ke antargata prathama sarga meM mahArAjA siddhArtha kA yaza pratApa aura mAtA trizalA rAnI rUpa- guNa sauMdarya kA advitIya varNana kiyA hai / mAtA trizalA ke rUpa sauMdarya varNana meM kavi - karma kI zAlInatA dekhate hI banatI hai / mAtA trizalA sAkSAt kalpavallarI hai - supuSpitA dantaprabhA prabhAva se, nRpAlikA pallavitA supANi se| sukezinI mecaka bhRMga yatha se, analpadhI zobhita kalpavallarI // 1 " varddhamAna" kavi anUpa zarmA prathama sarga, pada saM. 59, pR.50.

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13 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana rAnI trizalA kI madhura vANI ko sunakara koyala aura vINA donoM kA mAna khaMDita ho jAtA hai| lagatA hai jaise eka vana meM ro rahI hai, to dUsarI dharAzayI ho gayI hai sunI sudhA maMDita mAdhurI dhurI, jabhI suvANI trizalA mukhAbja se| pikI kuhU rodana meM ratA huI, pralaMba bhUme parivAdinI huii| trizalA ke zrImukha se niHsRta vANI se samakSa koyala kA kUjana rudana meM parivartana hotA hai aura vINA pRthvI para leTa jAtI hai| .. paMcama sarga meM rAja-dampati kA premAlApa sAmAnya stara kA prema, zrRMgAra aura manoraMjana kA sAdhana na hokara jIvana ke udAnta bhAvoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| trizalA mAtA aura siddhArtha pitA kA vaha pArasparika premAlApa AdhyAtmika rUpa le letA hai jaba se mokSa aura tIrthaMkara prApti kI abhISTa abhilASA ke samAna eka dUsare ko cAhane kA prazna karate haiM - "prabho, mujhe hI kisa bhAMti cAhate ? yathaiva niHzreyasa cAhate sukhii|" "priye, mujhe ho kisa bhAMti cAhatI? yathaiva sAdhvI pada paarshvnaathke|" 2 isa sthAna para pahuMcakara sahasA dhyAna AtA hai ki yahA~ pAMcaveM sagarga meM jo rAja dampati itane UMce uThakara prema vArtAlApa kara rahe haiN| dUsare sarga meM bhI to yahI daMpati hai jo bhagavAna ke janaka aura jananI bananevAle hai / lagatA hai jaise kavine dUsare sarga meM inheM kevala rAja daMpati ke rUpa meM hI mAnakara rAnI-trizalA ke nakha-zikha kA varNana kiyA / vAstava meM kavi ne kAvya meM dUsare sarga kA pArthiva zrRMgAra yadi pAMcave sarga meM apArthiva aura AdhyAtmika ho gayA hai| jo kavi kI saphala kalpanA kA pratIka hai| kavi anUpa zarmA ne kAvya meM bhagavAna kA cyavana, janma, bAlyAvasthA, Amala kI krIDA Adi camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA suMdara DhaMga se varNana kiyA hai| 1. 2. "varddhamAna" kavi anUpa zarmA, prathama sarga, pada saM. 105, pR.61 vahI, pAMcavA sarga pada saM. 158, pR. 158.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1 kAvya meM vizeSa mahatva kI ghaTanA bhagavAna kA vivAha aura kauTuMmbika sthiti hai / 'vardhamAna' ke lekhaka ne zvetAMbara aura digambara mAnyatAoM meM samanvaya upasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / kavi ne bhagavAna ke vivAha kA AdhyAtmika rUpa prastuta kiyA hai aura zvetAMbara tathA digambara AmnAya kI mAnyatAoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA hai / vardhamAna kAvya kA yadyapi dhyAna se adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki kavine digambara aura zvetAmbara AmnAya meM hI nahIM, jaina dharma aura brAhmaNa dharma meM bhI sAmaJjasya sthApana prayatna kiyA hai / kavi svayaM brAhmaNa hai / unhone apanI brAhmaNatva kI mAnyatAoM ko bhI isa kAvya meM lAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana meM hI sacce brAhmaNa ko Adara sthAna prApta huA hai| digambara saMpradAya bhagavAna mahAvIra ko AvAhita mAnatA hai, paraMtu zvetAMbara saMpradAya unako vivAhita mAnatA hai / zrI bhagavAna ke mokSagAmI hone ke bahuta varSa ke anantara videha dezameM ghora akAla par3A thA / phalataH unake anuyAyI, jo jIvita baca sake, dakSiNa kI ora cale gaye / anuyAyiyoM ke titara-bitara ho jAne ke kAraNa bahuta sI dhArmika sAmagrI naSTa bhraSTa ho gayI tathA unake jIvana vRttAnta kA bahuta kucha bhAga lupta ho gayA / ataeva, aitihAsika AdhAra para unakI jIvanI kA likhanA asaMbhava ho gayA / kahA jAtA hai ki unakI patnI kA nAma yazodA tathA kanyA kA priyadarzanA thA / kucha ho, vivAha hone va na hone se unakI vaiyaktita mahattA para kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3atA / yaha graMtha sAMpradAyika dRSTi-koNa se nahIM likhA gayA hai, ataH lekhaka kA kyA mata hai, yaha jAnA nahIM jA sktaa| yoM to lekhaka ne muktidArA kA pati mAnakara bhagavAna kI pUjA-prazaMsA kI hai| 14 " vardhamAna kAvya" zAnta rasa se paripUrNa vairAgya aura bhaktiparaka hai / 16 varSa kI alpAvasthA meM hI mahAvIra kI vairAgya bhAvanA prabala ho jAtI hai| prAkRtika upAdana bhI vairAgya preraka hote hai 1. manuSya kA jIvana hai vasanta sA / himartu prAraMbha nidAgha anta meM / 1 "vardhamAna kAvya" ke 13 veM sarga meM vairAgya ko paripuSTa karanevAlI anitya, " vardhamAna' : kavi anUpa zarmA "Apa" pR.11

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhi, durlabha aura dharma ina dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kA anucintana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne kAvya meM varNana, prakRti citraNa, kathAnaka, premazrRMgAra, SaRtuoM kA varNana, vairAgya aura upadezAtmaka tathya Adi viSayAnusAra krama se sargo kA vibhAjana kiyA hai| kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se lekara nirvANa taka kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| unhone bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ko antasa taka TaTolakara pAThaka ke sAmane ujAgara karane meM saphala hue hai| jisa samaya bhagavAna antara bAhya saba prakAra ke parigrahoM se mukta hokara vikAra zUnya digambarAkAra, anupama ratnatraya AbhUSaNa ko dhavala-dhAraka bane usa samaya se dIkSA citraNa kA suMdara citrAMkana kiyA hai| aho / alaMkAra vihAya ratna ke, anupa ratnatraya, bhUSitAMga hau, taje hue aMbara aMga-aMga se, digambarAkAra vikAra zUnya ho|' bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tIsa varSa kI sukha vaibhava pUrNa yuvAvasthA meM anitya, asthira evaM nazvara jAna parityAga kara yoga sAdhanA ke kaThina mArga ko apanAyA / sampanna jIvana kA tyAgakara sAmAnya jana jaisA jIvana svIkAra kiyA aura isI kAraNa ve eka priyadarzI lokanAyaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| prastuta vardhamAna kAvya likhane kA kavi kA mUla uddezya jIvana ke satyAMza kI pratiSThA karanA rahA hai| tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke batAye hue vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, bauddhika, dhArmika sabhI staroM para ahiMsaka krAMti kA mArga prazasta karanA hai| ahiMsA, aparigraha ke bala para rASTra ke prANiyoM ko navacetanA denA hI mukhya uddezya rahA hai| unakA samasta jIvana hI rASTra ke lie samarpita thaa| sva aura para kA kalyANa karate hue AtmotthAna karanA hI bhagavAna kA lakSya rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra AtmavAdI the| unakA yaha abhimata thA ki hara vyakti apanI pahacAna karake apane lakSya taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| isI saMdarbha meM unhoMne 'appA divo bhava'Atma dipaka bano, isa preraka sUtra kA saMdhAna kiyaa| kavi ne mahAkAvyoM ke anurUpa 'vardhamAna' meM varNana sauMdarya, pada-lAlitya, artha gAMbhirya rasa, nirjara aura 1. "vardhamAna" : kavi anUpa zarmA sarga -14, pR.432, pada -119.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kAvya-kauzala sabhI kA samAveza kiyA hai / pada-pada para rUpako, upamAoM aura anya alaMkAro kI chaTA darzanIya hai / alaMkAra nidarzana ke lie zabdAvRtti, arthAvRtti aura anuprAsa Adi kA yazocita upayoga kiyA gayA hai - bhayanda hemanta jaleva bhUpa kI, sudIrgha hemaMta nizeva Ayu thI / susahya hemaneta jIva pArtha ke, vinaSTa hemaMta naleva zatru the / ' paraMparAgata alaMkAra kauzala ke atirikta kavivara anUpa ne 'vardhamAna' kAvya meM apanI bhAvamayI kalpanA se suSamA ke aneka naye sumana khilAye / kahIM kahIM zabdoM kI kalpanA meM artha aura mRdutA kA itanA vistAra bharA hai ki paribhASAe~ aura kalpanAe~ kAvyamaya ho gaI hai| 16 yadyapi bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se yaha saphala kRti hai, phira bhI kahIM-kahIM bhASA viSTatA A gayI hai / jisase samajAne meM kaThinatA bhI utpanna hotI hai / I vAstava meM 'vardhamAna' kAvya pradhAnataH bhakti aura vairAgya kA kAvya hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne avicalita kaThora tapasyA, nirantara Atmacintana evaM mauna sAdhanA ke bAda hI kaivalya sarvajJatA kI prApti kI / kaivalya prApti ke bAda bhagavAna 'vardhamAna' ne jo upadeza diye hai, kavivara zrI anUpa ne isa mahAkAvya meM unheM AcAra kI pavitratA evaM doSa tyAga kI pradhAnatA se yukta kiyA hai| prAraMbha se aMta taka kavi kA dRSTikoNa yahI rahA haiM ki 'vardhamAna' mahAkAvya sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie bodhagamya ho aura isake upadeza jIvanopayogI ho / kavi ne isakA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai jitandra bole yaha dharma vAkya, jo ki sarva sAdhAraNa bodhagamya the / 2. gRhastha ke sAdhu samAja ke sabhI, batA cale dharma tathaiva karma bho // 1 " vardhamAna' : kavi anUpa zarmA prathama sarga, pada. saM. 43, pR. 45. vahI, sarga - 17, pada. saM. 149, pR. 562.

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17 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana aise udAtta bhAvoM se paripUrita kavivara paM. anUpa zarmA kI yaha anupama kRti 'vardhamAna mahAkAvya' manuSya mAtra ke jIvana ke unnayana hetu paThanIya, mAnanIya aura AcaraNIya hai| * * * bhagavAna mahAvIra ( mahAkAvya) racayitA - kavi rAmakRSNa zarmA kavi zarmAjI dvArA racita prastuta bhagavAna mahAvIra' kAvya hindI sAhitya meM racita zreSTha mahAkAvya hai| isameM sabhI tatvoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| udAtta kathAnaka, udAtta caritra, udAtta bhAva, udAtta kArya aura udAtta zailI Adi lakSaNoM se yukta yaha mahAkAvya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra'mahAkAvya pror3hatama kAvya-racanA kA sUcaka hai| yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya ikkIsa sargoM meM bA~TA huA hai| pratyeka sarga meM eka rasa aura eka chanda kA nirupaNa kiyA hai| sarga ke anta meM chanda parivartana hai aura AgAmI sarga kA saMketa bhI kiyA hai| pratyeka sarga ke anta meM kucha na kucha saMbodhana ke rUpameM nirUpaNa hai| yaha kavi kI vizeSatA hai| jaba maine graMtha ke pRSTha para dRSTi DAlI to usameM bar3e akSaro meM yahI likhA huA thA ki "rASTrIya ekatA, akhaNDatA evaM vizva-zAnti ke lie smrpit|" unake hRdaya me rASTra ke prati prema phUTa phUTa bharA hai jo isa grantha se parilakSita hotA hai| uSAkAlIna prabhAta se kavi ne kAvya kA prAraMbha kiyA hai| mahAkAvya ke samasta guNoM kA nirvAha zarmAjI ke kAvyameM nihita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya satyaM zivaM suMdaramaM kI sUkti se yukta hai| kavi apane udgAroM ko vyakta karate hue kahate hai ki isa vizva meM vividha prakAra ke dharma vyApta haiN| kintu sabhI dharmo kA siddhAMta eka hI hai| cAhe jaina ho yA hindU ho, yA muslIma, zikha, pArasI ho izvara to eka hI hai| sabhI saMpradAya milakara ahiMsA kA jhaMDA laharA kara vizva meM zAnti kA dIpa jlaayeN| mahAvIra ke mArga para calakara vasundharA ko svarga bnaaye| isI bAta kA kavi kAvya ke mAdhyama se jagata ko udabodhana denA cAhate kavine sarga ke AraMbha meM bhArata deza kI paristhitiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| tatpazcAta kavine sevaka rUpa banakara kAvya kI racanA karanA prAraMbha kiyA hai / laghutA caraNa karane se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| kavine kAvya kA prAraMbha maMgalAcaraNa se kiyA

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18 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai| jisa meM trizalAnaMdana vIra kI AtmabhAva se AratI utArI hai| prathama sarga "divya preraNA' meM kavine sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjanItika paristhitiyoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| aise samaya para sukha-zAnti kA mahA pATha paDhAne ke lie divya preraNA dene ke lie isa dharA para manuSya ke rUpa meM divyajyoti janma letI hai, use pAkara mAnava jagata dhanya ho jAtA hai| isa sarga meM kavi ne RSabhadeva ke caritra kA bhI saMketa diyA hai kavine digaMbara, zvetAMbara mAnyatAoM kA sAmaJjasya karate hue bhagavAna ke janma Adi ke bAre meM vivecana kiyA hai| kavi ne arihaMta ke bAraha guNoM kA arthAt ATha pratihArya aura cAra atizaya kA kAvya meM varNana kiyA haiN| 'janmadhAma' sarga meM vIra kI janmasthalI kI carcA kI hai| rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA ke viSaya meM vidvAno ke matabhadoM kA varNana tathA trizalA ke sauMdarya kA suMdara varNana kiyA hai| bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva meM prakRti ke anukUla alaukika citra ko kavine nirUpita kiyA hai| 'divyazakti avataraNa' sarga meM garbha parivartana kA vivaraNa, solaha svapno kA phalAdeza, janma ke samaya cAro aura jar3a aura cetana prakRti meM harSollAtsa kA manorama vAtAvaraNa, janmotsava manAnA dAnAdi kA varNana kiyA hai| 'zaizavalIlA' sarga meM kavine apanI kAvya kauzalatA se prabhu kI bAlyAvasthA kA zArIrika evaM sauMdarya-ceSTAoM kA unakI antaH prakRti kA bhI sajIva aura hRdayagrAhI citra aMkita kiyA hai| unake vAtsalya-citraNa meM mamatAmayI mAtA ke snehapUrNa hRdaya kI vyAkulatA aura autsukya kI vyaMjanA bhI suMdara bana par3I hai| jisa samaya mAtA trizalA mudita hokara palane meM jhulA jhulAkara madhura svaroM meM saba milakara loriyA~ gA rahI hai usa samaya ke vAtsalya kA sajIva citraNa kavine kiyA hai| gAtI rasamaya mudita loriyA~ Ao pariyA~ navala gorIyA~ / *** ArI niNdiiyaa| pyArI niNdiyaa| mAthe sohe mohana biNdiiyaa| 2 bhagavAna ghUTaniyA~ se calanA sIkha rahe hai usa samaya kA tAdRzya advitiya citraNa kiyA hai 1. 2. "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA' sarga-4, pR.46 vahI, pR.47

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana chama chama pAyala bajatI kiMkiniyA~ kalakhasA mAtA ke mana AnaMda bharatI' . 1 *** lAlA calatA cAla ghuMTaniyA~ / mAtA se bAlaka kahatA hai ki hai mA~ ! mujhe candA de do, maiM khela khelUMgA - maca gayA zizu de mAM candA khela racAu~gA gala phandA // 3 jhUma jhanana jhUna jhaniyA~ bajatI pairo meM paijaniyA~ de degeMda caMdanI DaMDA banA kalama yaha le sarakaMDA // 4 jisa samaya vardhamAna bAlaka panahArina kA khela khela rahA thA, bAlaka ne dulahaniyA~ kI mathaniyA~ para patthara mArA to gira paDI / isI kA alaukika citraNa kavi kAvya meM kiyA hai| 1 mArA DhelA girI mathaniyA~ / lar3ane ko A gaI dulahaniyA~ // barajo rAnI bAlaka apanA abhI umra kA chaunA choTA, dikhA rahA rasaraMjita sapanA // isa prakAra kavi ne kAvya meM vividha prakAra kI krIDA dvArA bAlaka kI bAlasulabha ceSTA kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| yaha bAla lIlA varNana hame sUra ke bAlavarNana kI smRti karAtA hai / kavivara sUrasAgara kA prabhAva spaSTa lagatA hai| 'jJAna- saupAna ' sarga meM kavine bAlaka ko jJAnArjana ke lie kalAcArya ke pAsa bhejane, bar3e bhAI nandI vardhana dvArA choTe I ( 1. 'bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA " sarga - 4, pR. 48 2. 3. 4. vahI vahI, pR. 49 19

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20 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhAI vardhamAna kumAra ko jJAna aura jIvana kI vyAkhyA samajhAne kA suMdara DhaMga se kAvya meM aMkana kiyA hai| 'pariNaya sUtra' sarga meM kavine vivAha prasaMga kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| zAdI ke pazcAt mAtA dvArA beTI yazodA ko diye gaye hitopadeza kA aMkana kiyA hai / yazodA ke viraha varNana ke karUNa dRzya ko kavine anUThe DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai| 'sadagRhastha saritA' sarga meM rAjakumAra vardhamAna aura rAnI yazodA ne mAtA-pitA kI sevA kA dRDha saMkalpa karanA, gRhastha jIvana ke kartavyoM ko nibhAnA aura lar3akI ko janma denA Adi vistRta varNana huA hai| 'pravrajyA prastAva' sarga meM kavine mAtA-pitA va bar3e bhAI se dikSA kI AjJA pradAna karane kA, vardhamAna kumAra ko samajhAnA, mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ke bAda dikSA grahaNa karanA Adi bAteM kavine tarka sahita samajhAyI hai| bar3e bhaiyA kA choTe bhaiyA kA prati prema vAtsalya tathA choTe bhAI kA bar3e bhAI ke prati mAna-maryAdA, Adara, sanmAna, AjJA-pAlana karanA Adi vividha bAteM prastuta kara kavine kAvya ke dvArA janajagata ko bodha diyA hai ki mAtA-pitA evaM parivAra ke sAtha kisa prakAra vinayAdi vyavahAra rakhanA cAhie ? nandIvardhana upadezAmRta sarga meM kavine nandIvardhana ke zabdoM meM choTe bhAI ko samajhAne kA varNana kiyA hai| bhAI-bhAI meM paraspara kitanA snahe hai yaha tathya isa sarga se jJAta hotA hai / 'saMnyastasarga' meM bhagavAna kI vairAgyapUrNa dazA, laukAMtika devAdidvArA dikSA kA bhavya samAroha, dainika vAjiMtra, cAroM aura puSpoM kI varSA, sugaMdhamayI vAtAvaraNa, prakRti meM bhI anukUla vAtAvaraNa Adi kA citraNa kavi ne sajIva rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai| 'tapasyA' sarga meM mahAvIra sukha-sAdhanoM ko chor3akara sAdhanA ke kaMTakAkIrNa patha para bar3ha cale / utAra-car3hAva, anukUlatA-pratikUlatA Adi saMyogoM meM bhI bhagavAna lezamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue usI kA varNana kavine isa sarga meM kiyA hai| "caMdanAuddhAra" sarga meM kavine caMdanA ko kina-kina paristhitiyoM meM gujaranA par3A tata pazcAt nArI kA utthAna, bhagavAnane kaise kiyA usIkA uttama citraNa kAvya meM kiyA hai| 'RjukUlA jRmbhi' kA sarga meM kavi ne bhagavAna ke kevala jJAna prApti kA varNana diyA hai| samavazaraNa pariSada' sarga meM bhagavAna ko kevala jJAna ke pazcAt devoM dvArA samavazaraNa kI bhavya aura virATa racanA, gyAraha gaNadharoM kI zaMkA kA samAdhAna, upadeza sunanA, bhagavAna ke ziSya bananA Adi kA varNana isa sarga meM hai| 'yazodA viraha' sarga meM kavine yazodA kA viraha varNana kiyA hai| vaha laukika na hokara alaukika hai kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra sAdhAraNa purUSa nahIM the aura unake sAtha saMbaMdha nArI sAmAnya nahIM thii| yazodA bhagavAna ke prati anunaya-vinaya meM apane antara kI nizcala aura alaukika bhAvanA pragaTa karatI hai| vaha

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 21 apane priyatama ko kisI na kisI prakAra prApta karanA cAhatI hai / prakRti ke kaNa-kaNa meM use khojane kA prayAsa karatI hai| 'vaizAlI parivartana' sarga meM bhagavAna ke padArpaNa se jar3a va cetana prakRti meM parivartana, nagarajanoM meM ullAsa, patnI yazodA aura lar3akI priyadarzanA kA vaMdana hetu bhagavAna ke pAsa AnA Adi prasaMgo kA citraNa hai| 'jana kalyAka jyoti' sarga meM bhagavAna kA vividha sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue janatA kA kalyANa karane kA varNana hai| "bhArata bhramaNa sarga" meM kavine bhagavAna kI vaha vANI jo jagata ke kalyANa hetu gUMja rahI thI, jisa adbhUta evaM jAdU bharI vANI se bhArata jAgrata ho uThA thaa| usakI carcA kI hai / 'caturvidha saMgha vyavasthA' sarga meM bhagavAnane caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA karane meM jo prayAsa kiyA hai vaha pUrNataH saphala huA hai isa meM saMgha kI sthApanA, ekatA kA jo vAtAvaraNa banA usakA utsava huA hai| 'pAvApura nirmANa' sarga meM kavine bhagavAna ke nirvANa samaya kA karUNa va sajIva citraNa khIMcA hai / 'tIrthaMkara cintana' sarga meM kavine bhagavAna dvArA pratipAdita tAtvika jaina jJAna- darzana kA spaSTa rUpa se vivecana kiyA hai| aMtameM kavine bhAvAMjali dvArA apane bhAvoM ko vyakta kiyA hai / kavi kA bhAratabhUmi ke prati kitanA ananya prema hai vaha kavitA ke adhyayana se hI jJAta ho sakatA hai| prastuta kAvya likhane kA kavi kA mUla uddezya jana kalyANa rahA hai| mahAvIra kI vANI jana-jana taka pahu~cAkara deza kA utthAna ho / saMsAra meM viSamatAe~, durAcAra, ahiMsA Adi kA vistAra bar3ha cUkA hai| una sabhI burAIoM ko dUra karane ke lie kAvya ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna kA amara saMdeza vizva meM phailAkara zAMti kA rAjya sthApita ho, yaha kavi kA mUla uddezya chipA huA hai| bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se yaha mahAvIra saphala kAvya hai / sarga ke anupAta meM avazya kahIM kahIM bemela hai| jaise 'tIrthaMkara cintana' sarga kavi vistRta kiyA hai jo saMpUrNa dArzanika tatvoM se sabhara lene se pAThaka ke hRdaya para zuSkatA bhI paidA ho sakatI hai| phira bhI kAvya ke aMdara gaharAI se DubakI lagAne para hI hameM ujjvala motI prApta ho sakate haiN| sAdhanA, dhyAna, tapasyA, sevA aura paropakAra dvArA hama zubhra maNiyoM ko prApta kara sakate haiM / *** carama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra - AcArya zrImad vidyAcaMdrasUri carama tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra zrImada AcArya vijaya vidyAcandra sUrIjI dvArA racita sacitra kAvya hai| kRti bhagavAna mahAvIra kre 2500 veM nirvANotsava ke avasara para

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1 prakAzita huI thI / AcArya zrI jaina sAdhu haiM, vidvAna kavi hone ke kAraNa unhone apanI kavitva zakti kA prayoga AdhyAtma ciMtana evaM bhagavad bhakti ke pracAra prasAra ke lie kiyaa| zrI madanalAla jozI ne apane saMpAdakIya meM saca hI likhA hai ki 'prastuta kAvya ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tyAga tapa evaM sAdhanA meM lIna Adarza jIvana prastuta ra jahA~ bhautikavAdI isa yuga ke samakSa mahAvIra kI ahiMsA, mahAvIra ke satya evaM unake asteya brahmacarya tathA aparigraha Adi maulika evaM zAzvata siddhAMto kI upayogitA ke sAtha AdhyAtmika cetanA kI jAgRti kA kArya kiyA, yahIM hindI sAhitya ko bhI saMpanna evaM samavardhanazIla banAne kA prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai|' jaina muniyoM ne mAtra AtmasAdhanA hI nahIM ki hai, apitu uttama sAhitya kI maulika racanA kI hai| prAyaH sabhI viSayoM para jJAnavardhaka sAhitya kI racanA ve hajAroM varSo se karate A rahe haiN| saMskRta, prAkRtika apabhraMza kI sAhitya sampadA se jaina sAhitya hI nahIM bhAratIya bhASAoM kA sAhitya bhI samRddha huA hai| saMskRta ke strota sAhitya ko dekheM to jaina strota sAhitya saba se adhika samRddha haiM / 22 vartamAna yuga meM janabhASA hindI meM bhI uttama kAvya racanAyeM ina sAdhakoM ne prastuta kI haiN| vartamAna yuga meM aneka jaina muni gadya-padyamaya racanAoM kA sRjana kara rahe haiM jina meM AcArya vidyAsAgara, AcArya tulasI aura AcArya mahAprajJa, nAnAlAla mahArAja, javAharamuni, madhukaramuni, amaramuni, Adi aneka saMta haiM, inhIM kI jyortimaya paraMparA meM vijaya vidyAcandra sUrIjI kA bhI sthAna hai| unakI anya prabaMdha racanAoM meM dazAvatArI mahAkAvya, zivAdevI nandana kAvya haiM aura yaha carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra unakA caritra kAvya hai| jaina muniyoM dvArA prastuta sAhitya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhone uttama caritroM kA Alekhana kara jana samAja ko unnati kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| unakI kRtiyoM dhArmika se adhika caritra nirmANa kI dRSTi se adhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / paNDita hIrAlAla zAstrI ne likhA hai- udiyamAna samAja ke sAmane navIna AyAmoM, navIna vaijJAnika vizleSaNoM se yukta tarkabaddha dhArmika puSTiyoM evaM mAnyatAoM ko rakhanA Avazyaka hai, jisake ciMtana kI dizA meM yuvA mAnasa AtmaciMtana karatA raheM tathA apanI paraMparAgata sAMskRtika dharohara ko vizeSa sa~vArane, jIvita rakhane meM bauddhika evaM vaicArika pRSTi pradAna karatA rheN| ..zAstratatva ciMtana jaise zuSka viSaya ko lokaprati tathA sarala sarasa DhaMga se prastuta karane kA vidhi vaicitraya hai padya evaM kAvya / sAmAnyataH dharma aura usake siddhAMtoM kI carcA zuSka aura nIrasa mAnI jAtI

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 23 hai / parantu kAvya ke madhura saMgItAtmaka puTa se usa nIrasatA ko bhI sarasatA meM parivartita kA kArya kavi karate haiN| muni zrI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM aura vartamAna jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA mArmika vizleSaNa kiyA hai| unake guNoM, zakti siddhAMto kA tarkabaddha zailI meM prastutIkaraNa huA hai| AcAryazrIne apane prAkkathana meM kRti ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha spaSTatAe~ kI haiM / racanA kA uddezya prastuta karate hue ve kahate haiM ki vartamAna sAhitya se utpanna vikRta haTAne ke lie AcAryoM, vidvAnoM, saMtoM, sAhityakAroM, kaviyoM evaM kalAkAroM kA yaha parama kartavya hai ki ve apanI tapaH pUta sAdhanA ke dvArA aise sAhitya kI racanA kareM jo Aja ke mAnava ko vizeSakara yuvAvarga ko sahI dizA pradAna kara sake / aura unake jIvana meM dhArmika pravRtti, naitika niSThA tathA AdhyAtmika cetanA kI jAgRti ho ske| muni zrI mAnate haiM ki divya caritra ke pAvana prakAza kI anubhUti mahApurUSoM ke caritroM se hI hotI haiN| unake gurudeva ne unheM preraNA aura upadeza dete hue kahA thA- "uttama sAhitya se apane mastiSka kA bhaMDAra bharoM aura sadaiva svAdhyAya zIla banoM isase jIvana meM cAritrika vikAsa hotA hai / sat sAhitya ke svAdhyAya ke AdhAra para usa ke anurUpa vicAroM se jaina darzana ke sAhitya kI abhivRddhi karoM / " gurudeva ke isI AzIrvAda kA phala munizrI kI prabaMdha aura muktaka racanAe~ haiM / kRti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva 26 bhavoM kA varNana haiM, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAMcoM kalyANakoM kA varNana haiN| sAtha hI 11 gaNadhara ke aitihAsika tathyoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue gaNadharavAda ke saMbaMdha meM dArzanika vyAkhyA prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| kRti inhIM carama tIrthaMkara zrI mahAvIra ko samarpita kI gaI hai jo jyotipuMja, jagata ke AdhAra haiN| jina kI vANI janakalyANI hai aura unhone satapatha dikhalAkara jagata ke jIvoM kA kalyANa kiyA haiM / kRti kA prAraMbha maMgalAcaraNa se huA hai jisameM kavi bharatakSetra kI pAvana bhUmi ko vaMdana karatA hai jahA~ unnata siddhAtmAoM ne janma lekara jaga kA kalyANa kiyA / ve mahAvIra aura guruvara yatindrasUrIjI ko vaMdana karate haiM / kavi kI namratA yaha hai ki vaha isa | kAvya racanA ko prabhu kI kRpA kA hI varadAna mAnate haiM jisase prerita hokara vaha unake guNa-gAna karane ke lie prastuta hue haiN| kRti kA prAraMbha kavi ne mahAvIra ke prathama bhava mahArAja nayasAra se prAraMbha kiyA hai aura mahAvIra se pUrva 26 bhavoM meM vividhavAra karmo aura bhAvoM ke kAraNa deva, nArakI, tiryaMca, manuSya yoni dhAraNa karatA rahA hai / kabhI I

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24 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana samyakatva dhAraNakara ucca padoM para rahA to kabhI mithyAjJAna meM phaMsakara kaSTa bhI sahana karatA rhaa| isa prakAra 26 bhavoM ko bhogatA huA aMta meM tIrthaMkara gotra ke zubhabaMdha ko bAMdhakara mahAvIra ke rUpa meM janme / kavi ne prathama 39 padoM meM ina 26 bhavoM kI ati saMkSipta meM prastuti kI hai| ina bhava varNanoM kA uddezya siddha karatA haiM ki manuSya ko satya yA asatya, ucca yA nIca, svarga-narka, sukha-duHkha sabhI pUrva aura vartamAna karmo ke kAraNa hI upalabdha hote haiN| karma ko hI mUlAdhAra mAnanevAlA jaina darzana yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki marIci kA jIva yaha jAnakara bhI ki use tIrthaMkara bananA haiM, -yahi vaha tadanarUpa sAdhanA nahIM karatA hai to use bhI bhava-bhava bhaTakanA par3atA hai| vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM aura viparIta paristhitiyoM meM jo kSamA, karuNA, samatA aura samyakatva dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA use naraka aura tiryaMca gati bhI bhoganI par3atI hai| mahAvIra ke ye pUrvabhava yahI darzAte haiM ki vyakti ko samyakatva dhAraNa kara zubha kArya karane caahie| anyathA uttama janma aura mukti nahIM mila sktii| isake udAharaNa svayaM unake ye pUrva bhava haiN| kavi muni zrI vijayavidyAcanadrasUrijI mUrtipUjaka zvetAMbara AmnAya ke AcArya hone se pUrI kAvya racanA kA AdhAra zvetAMbara mAnyatA evaM paraMparA rahI hai| jo svAbhAvika bhI hai| bha. mahAvIra kI katipaya jIvana ghaTanAoM taka hI ye mAnyatAe~ pRthaka haiN| siddhAMto upadezoM meM koI aMtara nahIM hai| - tIrthaMkaro ke garbha (cyavana) janma, dIkSA, kevala jJAna evaM mokSa ye pAMca mahatvapUrNa jIvana ke prasaMga yA ghaTanAe~ hotI hai| jinheM jaina paribhASA meM kalyANaka kahA gayA hai| mAnyatA ke anusAra ye ghaTanAe~ vizva kA kalyANa karanevAlI hotI hai| jagata ke janajana ke sukha hetuka hotI hai| tIrthaMkara kA garbha meM AnA hI isa tathya kA pratIka hotA hai ki dharatI para aisI bhavya divya AtmA janma lene jA rahI hai jo svayaM kaSTha sahakara bhI vizva meM phaile saMkaToM kA nivAraNa kregaa| anyAya, hiMsA, anIti, vahama, kurItiyoM ke aMdhakAra ko apame vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kI kiraNoM se kATegA / unakA janma carAcara ke lie AnaMdotsava kA kAraNa isIlie banatA hai| usake janma kA utsava sabhI manAte haiN| jAgaraNa ke agradUta kA svAgata hotA hai| vAtAvaraNa meM prasannatA, sukhanyAya aMkurita hone ' lagate haiN| saMsAra ke sabhI upalabdha bhautika sukha bA~dha nahIM paate| saMsAra ko sukha pradAna karane ke lie duHkha se chuTakArA dilAne ke lie vaha rAjavaibhava chor3akara sarvasva tyAga tara usa patha kA pathika banatA hai| jahA~ se saMsAra ke sukha ke amRta kI khoja prAraMbha hotI hai| vaha svayaM prakAzita hotA hai aura para prakAza kA upAya prApta kara letA hai| tInoM lokoM

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. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 25 kA jJAna usameM jhalakane lagatA hai| vaha bar3e se bar3e kaSTa, duHkha, vedanA, pariSaha, sahana kara kSamA kA dAna dekara mAnoM logoM ko sahanazakti evaM satya ke lie samarpaNa kI preraNA dete hai| pUrNajJAna kI upalabdhi prApta karake vaha jagata ke logoM ko jJAna ke Aloka kI jyoti pradAna karatA hai| vaha dharma sabhAoM dvArA jJAna kA prasAra karatA hai| tIrtha kI sthApanA karatA hai| nae yuga, nae jJAna ke prakAza kI kiraNeM bikheratA hai aura aMta meM apane AtmA ke samasta doSoM se mukta hokara saMsAra bhramaNoM ke kAraNoM se mukta hokara siddhatva kI aMtima maMjila para pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| usake nirvANa ke bAda bhI yugoM taka usake siddhAMta janajana ke patha darzaka bane rahate haiN| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra ye pAMca kalyANaka manAye gaye inhIM kA bhakti pUrNa sAhityika varNana munizrI ne kiyA hai| unhone mahAvIra ke pUrva bhava nandanamuni ke mAsopavAsa kA varNana kiyA hai evaM tadanantara devAnandA ke garbha meM 82 dina taka rahane kA varNana zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra kiyA hai| uttama tIrthaMkara gautra kA jIva mAtA ke garbha meM Ate hI unake kAraNa mAtA uttama cauhaha svapna dekhatI haiN| ye svapna pratIkAtmaka hote haiM jo avatarita bAlaka ke rUpa, guNa, zikSA, pratiSThA, loka kalyANa saMyama tathA mukti ke pratIka hote haiM / garbhastha zizu ke samAcAra jAnakara indra kuzala devAMganAoM ko mAtA kI sevA me niyukta karatI haiN| cAroM dizAoM meM sukha, samRddhi aura vasaMta kA Ananda chA jAtA haiM / akAla Adi dUra ho jAte haiN| prajA dhana-dhAnya se sukhI hotI hai| vAtAvaraNa meM dharmamaya, sukhamaya, parivartana dRSTigocara hone lagatA hai| caitra mAsa kI triyodazI ke dina mahAvIra kA janma hotA hai| tInoM lokoM meM AnaMda chA jAtA hai| chappanakumAriyA~ dazoM dizAoM se mAtA kI sevA ke lie, janmotsava kI khuzI manAne ke lie A jAtI hai| jananI aura putra ko snAna karAtI haiM, vividha prakAra ke nRtya karatI haiM, gIta gAtI haiN| tIrthaMkara ke janma se indra kA Asana DolatA hai| vaha aneka devoM ke sAtha kSatriya kuNDa meM AtA hai aura sabhI devagaNa abhiSeka ke lie zizu mahAvIra ko sumeru parvata para le jAtA hai| saudharma izAna Adi indra prabhu ko godI meM lekara baiThate hai| aura prabhu kA klazoM se abhiSeka karate haiN| devAMganAyeM madhura gIta gAtI 1. digambara sampradAya meM solaha svapnoM kA ullekha haiN|

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26 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana haiM aura indragaNa bhagavAna ke rUpa ko dekhakara itane prasanna aura vihvala ho jAte haiM ki apane aneka rUpa hI nahIM banAte apitu pUre zarIra meM A~khe banAkara prabhu ko nihArate hai / aSTadravya se zizu kI pUjA karate haiN| bAlaka ko mAtA ke pAsa rakhakara sabhI devagaNa nandIzvara dvIpa kI vaMdanA karane jAte haiN| ATha dina taka utsava manAyA jAtA hai| sArA nagara aura prAnta isa utsava meM AnaMdita ho jAtA haiM, vAtAvaraNa madhura banatA haiM, mA~ zizu kA mukha nihArakara dhanya ho uThatI haiM / (digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra zacI mAtA ke pAsa mAyAvI zizu sulAkara abhiSeka ke lie tIrthaMkara zizu ko le jAtI hai / ) bAlaka kA nAma vardhamAna rakhA jAtA hai| unakA lAlana-pAlana sukha-samRddhi aura lADa-pyAra meM hone lagatA hai| unake caraNa-kamala se komalatAyeM, rUpa kAmadeva sA sundara thA, unakI kaTI aura vakSa siMha ke sadRzya the, zarIra candra sA dhavala aura zItala thA / zarIra vajraRSama nArAca sA majabUta aura sone se tapI deha logoM ko AkarSika karatI / pitA kI godI meM khelate hue vardhamAna manohara lagate haiM, usakI bAlaceSTAyeM aura krIDAyeM sabhI kA mana moha letI hai| ATha varSa ke rAjakumAra mitroM ke sAtha khelate haiN| isI samaya eka mithyAtvI deva unakA parIkSaNa sApa banakara karane AtA hai, lekina vardhamAna use sAdhAraNa rassI sA pakar3a kara pheMka dete haiM aura dUsarI bAra usake bAlaka rUpa meM usakI pIThapara caDha kara muSThI prahAra se use ghAyala bhI karate haiM aura jaba vaha deva asalI rUpa meM Akara kSamA karatA hai to use kSamA dete haiM 1. 2. jo Age baDha AyegA vaha, caDhe pITha para utanI bAra / isI niyama se Age baDhakara, caDhe pITha para rAjakumAra / yo mitroM ke sAtha khelakara, jIta gaye siddhArthakumAra / dekha avadhi se dRSya indra ne, kahe suroM se Atma-vicAra / ' *** kSamA-yAcanA kara tU inase, ye haiM karuNAkara prabhu vIra / inakI karuNA-dRSTi amRta-sI, haratI hai bhava bhaya kI pIra / prabhu vandana kara savinaya surane, liyA kSamA kA anupama dAna / prabhu guNa gAtA gayA indra saMga, devamukti ho apane sthAna / carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra : AcArya zrI vidyAcandra sUri, pR. 19 vahI, pR. 20, pada saM. 74

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 27 vardhamAna kA samaravIra rAjA kI kanyA yazodA se vivAha hotA hai| (digambara AmnAya meM mahAvIra ko bAlabrahmacArI aura avivAhita batAyA gayA hai : jagata kA vidhvaMsa aura nirmANa, janma aura maraNa kI paraMparA ko dekhakara unakA mana vairAgya se bhara uThatA hai ve socate haiM maiM usa patha kA pathika bananA cAhatA hU~ jo karmoM se prapaMca se mukti kI ora le jAtA hai / vardhamAna ke mana kA vairAgya jAnakara lokAMtika deva unheM prerita karate haiM aura apane bar3e bhAI nandIvardhana se AjJA lekara dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhate haiN| tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM ve ghara chor3ate haiN| dIkSA utsava manAyA jAtA hai, dhUmadhAma se unakI zobhAyAtrA nikAlI jAtI hai aura azoka vana meM pahu~cakara paMcamuSThi kezaluMcana karate haiN| unheM cauthA manaHparyAya jJAna prApta hotA hai| prabhu eka yogI kI kuTiyA para pahu~cate haiM aura vahA~ se bhI paMca abhigraha dhAraNa kara sampUrNa parigraha tyAgakara karapAtrI banakara vanameM pariSaha sahate hue tapasyA karane lagate haiN| cAra mAsa taka aneka pariSaha sahakara ve pariSaha jayI baneM / tapasyA ke daurAna unapara gopAlakoM ke prahAra, zUlapANI yakSa dvArA kiye gaye aneka upasarga hote rheN| caMDakauzika jaise viSadhara ko bhI kSamA kA dAna diyA jaba kabhI bhI unheM nirvighna AhAra milA taba paMcadivya prakaTa hote rahe / mahAvIra ne una anArya pradezoM meM logoM ke upasargo ko sahana kiyA aura apanI nirgranthatA, karUNA kSamA se logoM ke mana jIte, unheM satapatha dikhalAyA / caritra meM sumeru se dRDha mahAvIra ko mAyAvI devAMganAyeM kaTapUtanA yakSaNI nahIM DigA pAyI / kavi ne kaTapUtanA yakSaNI dvArA diye gaye upasargo kA advitIya citraNa kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai snigdha zyAma sundara kezoM se, chiTaka-chiTaka jala bArambAra / zIta samIra bahAkara karatI, hAsya vinoda vilAsoccAra / nijamAyA se mohita karane lagI dikhAne apanA nAca dhyAnamagna ekAgra rahe prabhu, Ane dI na tanika bhI A~ca ' *** bhagavAna ko karuNA ke usa taTa para pahu~ca gaye the jahA~ gozAlaka kI tejolezyA svayaM jhela lete haiN| saMgama deva kA upasarga zArIrika kaSTa sahana kara cha mahine taka sahana 1. carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra : AcArya zrI vidyAcandra sUri, pada saM. 109, pR. 29

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28 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana karate rahate haiM / aba to tapasyA usa carama avasthA taka pahu~ca gayI haiM ki 6-6 mahine taka AhAra kI bhI sudha nahIM rahatI bihAra karate-karate prabhu kauzAmbI nagarI pahu~cate haiM aura gocarI se pUrva bar3A hI kaThina abhigraha lete haiM / ve usI ke hAtha se AhAra lageM jo lar3akI rAjA kI kanyA ho, sira mur3A huA ho, jisako tIna upavAsa ho gaye hai, pAMva meM ber3I par3I ho, A~khoM meM A~sU ho, mukha para udAsI ho, jisakA eka pA~va deharI ke bAhara ho, aura jo sUpa meM ur3ada ke bAkule lekara khar3I ho| bihAra karate karate isI abhigraha sAtha ve Age baDhate haiM aura caMdanabAlA ke dvAre se jAte samaya use aisI hI sthiti meM pAte haiM aura usa AhAra kA grahaNa karate haiM jisase paMca divya pragaTa hote haiM aura caMdanabAlA punaH rAjakumArI kA saundarya prApta karatI hai aura bAda meM unakI prathama ziSyA banatI haiN| kAyotsarga meM tapasyArata mahAvIra ke kAnoM meM kIle ThoMka diye jAte haiM lekina prabhu vicalita nahIM hote isa dRDha tapasyA se unheM kevala jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| mahAvIra kI tapasyAkAla. sADhe bAraha varSa kA rahA / kevala jJAnI prabhu pAvApura padhArate haiM jahA~ deva unake lie samovazaraNa kI racanA karate haiM / samavazaraNa arthAt dharma-ra - sabhA meM saMsAra ke samasta jJAna ke jJAtA jaba isa dharma sabhA meM birAjate haiM taba carAcara ke manuSya, deva, pazu-pakSI sabhI upasthita hote haiN| apane pArasparika vairabhAva ko bhUlakara ve pUrNa maitrI ke sAtha sabhA meM baiThate haiM / prabhu kI divya kalyANakArI vANI ko apanI-apanI bhASA meM samajhakara bodha grahaNa karate haiM / ve AtmakalyANa kA patha prApta karate haiM / samavazaraNa meM aSTa pratihArya yA atizaya pragaTa hote haiM / prabhu kI divya vANI kA sarala artha unake ziSya jo gaNadhara kahalAte the ve karate the / ye gaNadhara jJAnI brAhmaNa hote the / tatkAlIna jJAnI, vedapAThI brAhmaNa Ate the zAstrArtha prabhu ko parAjita karane para, samavazaraNa ke nikaTa pahu~cate hI unakA jJAna garva cUra-cUra tA thA / aura ve prabhu ke ziSya banane kA saubhAgya prApta kara I prastuta kRti meM bhagavAna ke 11 gaNadhara indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyUbhUti, avyakta, sudharma, maNDita, mauryaputra, akampita, acalabhrAta, maitArya evaM prabhAsa ke bhagavAna ke samparka meM Ane kA varNana haiN| sAtha hI prabhu dvArA unheM jIva, pudgala, tatva, saMsAra racanA, syAdvAda, karmavAda, jIva - AtmA kA bhinnatva triratna, Adi darzana kA bodha diyA gyaa| prabhu ke darzanatarka evaM satya ko samajhakara ye sabhI unake ziSya banate gaye / dIkSita hokara parivrAjaka banate gye| isa gaNadharavAda ke antargata kavi munizrI ne jaina darzana ke vividha maulika pakSoM kI carcA, vyAkhyAyeM prastuta kI haiM jo atyanta jJAnavardhaka haiM /

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29 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana isI samavazaraNa meM prabhu dvArA aneka praznoM ke saMzayoM ke nivAraNa kie gaye haiN| ye paznottara hI jaina darzana ke prANa haiN| prazna kartAoM meM rAjA zreNika-bimbasAra pramukha hai| inhIM samavazaraNa meM jaina darzana ke cAra nikSepe, saptanaya, saptabhaMgI Adi kA jJAna-darzana kA maulika jJAna vizva ko prApta huaa| bha. mahAvIra ne caMdanabAlA ko dIkSA dekara zramaNI saMgha kI sthApanA kA krAMtikArI kArya kiyaa| nArI samAnatA kA yaha prathama zaMkhanAda thaa| ____ mahAvIra kI dezanA yA upadeza lagabhaga 30 varSoM taka isa bhAratabhUmi ko prApta hote rhe| prabhune bAraha vratoM aura bAraha tapa kA nirdeza dekara saMyama kA mahAmaMtra diyA ye hI saMsAra se mukta hone kA rAmabANa ilAja hai| saMsAra meM paraspara prema baDhe aura moha kA tyAga ho ataH aparigrahavrata para vizeSa jora diyaa| samAja kI ekatA aura vizvazAMti ke lie yaha aparigraha dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| samatA hI mAnava mAtra ke prati prema kA upAya hai| isI meM paraspara ke prati karUNA, dayA, kSamA panapate haiN| aparigraha se hI atyAcAra roke jA sakate haiN| prabhu kI isa ahiMsAmayI vANI se prabhAvita asaMkhya loga rAjAmahArAjA unake ziSya bne| vaizAlI kausAmbI kauzala, videha Adi pradezoM meM unakA vihAra huA aura dharma prabhAvanA kA prasAra hotA gyaa| eka bAra gautamagaNadhara ke pUchane para prabhu paMcamakAla (vartamAnakAla)kI sthiti kI bhaviSyavANI karate hue kAla ke prabhAva kA varNana karate haiM ki isa kAla meM vikRtiyA~ baDhegI / dakSiNa dizA meM hA-hAkAra phelegaa| varSA Adi Rtue~ aniyamita hogii| akAla, ativarSA ke tAMDava hoge| svacchaMdatA janamAnasa ko vikRta karegI / vyAdhiyA~ phailegI, paryAvaraNa meM asaMtulana hogA, zaktizAlI zaktihIna hone lageMge, svArtha, vyabhicAra. avivekIpana baDhegA, rAjA-prajA sI maryAdAyeM TUTegI, dvandva hogA, chala, kapaTa baDhegA guru kI mahimA ghaTegI vadharma para zaMkAe~ kI jaayegii| pazcAt chaThe Are meM yaha duHkha aura bhI bddhegaa| prabhune apane trikAla jJAna dvArA yaha bhaviSya batAyA / aura, saca bhI hai Aja hama vaha saba sAkSAt dekha aura bhoga rahe haiN| isa prakAra 72 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa kara kArtika mAsa kI amAvasyA kI pichalI rAta ve isa nazvara deha ko tyAgakara dehAtIta bana gaye / zeSacAra aghAtiyA~ karmoM kA kSayakara kevalI pada para AsIna hue| kiMcita moha se vyathita gautama gaNadhara bhI jJAna kA patha pAkara kevala jJAnI

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bne| ina donoM prasaMgo kA AnaMda logoM meM dIpa prajjavalita kara vyakta kiyaa| kavi kRti ke aMta meM apane mahAna tapasvI, manISI guru kI vaMdanA karatA hai| aMta meM apanI laghutA-namratA ko prastuta karate hue kRti kI truTiyoM ke lie kSamA yAcanA karatA hai| jahA~ taka kRti kI kathA kA prazna hai- vaha pracalita kathA hI hai| prAyaH hara mahAvIra kathA-kAvya yA gadya lekhakoM ne use grahaNa kiyA hai| para kathA ko apanI kalA apane bhaktipUrNa manobhAvoM se use prastuta karanA hI kavi-lekhaka kI vizeSatA hotI hai| yahI vizeSatA isa kRti meM bhI vidyamAna hai| kavi-muni haiM-mahAvIra ke pathAnugAmI hai| apanI bhakti, zraddhA sabhI kA isa prabaMdha kathA meM kavi ne yathA sthAna para samAveza kiyA hai| bhAvapakSa kI dRSTi se kathA ke prasaMga usakA zAMtarasa, nirUpaNa, bodhagamya upadeza, dRDha caritra kI upasarga sahana zakti Adi ke varNana haiN| kalA pakSa kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to isa prabaMdha yA kathA ko kAvya dvArA prastuta karanA unakI komala manobhAvoM kI hI abhivyakti hai| jaba mana karUNA se bhara utthe| ArAdhya ke prati bhakti jaba kulabulAne lge| anubhUti abhivyakti hone ko macala uThetabhI kavitA kI dhArA pravAhita hotI hai| yahI dhArA isa kRti meM muni ke antarbhAva-bhakti ko pravAhita karate hai| yadyapi purA kAvya eka hI chaMda meM hai para pratyeka catuSpadI meM bhAva sabharatA usake prANa hai| bhASA sarala, hRdayagrAhI evaM bhAvAnukula hai| Avazyaka va svataH prayukta alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai-kahIM bhI unheM bharane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| isase pratyeka pada svAbhAvika varNana kA pratIka bana gayA hai| cAhe AnaMda kI anubhUti ho, vairAgya ke bhAva ho, prakRti citraNa ho, upasarga kI kahAnI ho-sabhI meM bhASA bhAvoM kI anugAminI banI hai| kRti meM se pratyeka bhAva ke aneka udAharaNa prastuta kie jA sakate haiN| kavi dvArA bAlaka mahAvIra kA bAlavarNana sUra ke kRSNa yA tulasI ke rAmabAla varNana kI yAda dilAtA hai| bAlaka ke garbha-janma ke samaya kI prakRti kA sauMdarya yA tapasyArata vIra ke jaMgaloM kI prakRti kA varNana vAtAvaraNa ke anukUla hone se sahaja lagatA hai| yaha prabhAva varNana kauzalakA hai, jisakA AdhAra bhASA kI cayana zakti hai| kRti kI sarvAdhika vizeSatA isameM diye gaye citra hai / prAyaH pratyeka ghaTanA ke citra pUre kAvya ko cAkSuSa banAte hai, jisase pAThaka kA mana mahAvIra ke caritra ko A~khoM se hRdayaMgama kara pAtA hai|

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31 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavine jahA~ tatvaciMtana, jainadarzana kI bAteM uThAI hai| gaNadharavAda ke saMdarbha meM jo dArzanika vivecana hai vaha itanA sarala hai ki sAdhAraNa pAThaka bhI usake sAratatva ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai / kavizrI kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhone saralatama bhASA kA, loka vyavahAra meM pracalita zabdoM kA prayoga kara ke siddhAMta ke gahana viSaya ko bhI lokabhogya banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| yaha kRti sacamuca bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUre jIvana kA AInA hai jisa meM unake pUre vyaktitva ko ubhArA gayA hai| jaina dharma ko samajane kA sarala graMtha bhI hai| bhaktibhAva kA nicor3a bhI hai| hindI sAhitya ke caritra kAvyoM meM isakA mUrdhanya yogadAna hai| kavi kI satya niSThA yaha hai ki unhone mahAvIra ke nigraMtha, karapAtrI hI darzAyA hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki yaha citroM dvArA unake digaMbaratva ko chipAyA gayA hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM thaa| aMta meM itanA hI ki aisI kRtiyA~ hI jana-jana taka jaina dharma ko pahuMcAne meM sakSama hogii| *** vIrAyana kAvya - kavi raghuvIrazaraNa "mitra" kavi dvArA racita "vIrAyana" eka ucca koTi kA prabaMdha kAvya hai / unhoM ne kAvya meM jIvana ke samasta aziva kA haraNa karane ke lie ziva se prArthanA kI hai| isa kAvya meM kavi ne mAnava-jIvana kI daridratA, vyathA aura zoSaNa kA spaSTa ullekha diyA hai| tathA ziva se apanI tulanA karatA haA mAnavatA ke uddhAra ke lie unakA AhavAna karatA haiM / sArAMza yahI hai ki "mitrajIne''ziva viSayaka "vIrAyana'' kAvya meM mAnavatAvAdI evaM rASTrIya bhAvanA kA atyaMta mArmika tathA ojapUrNa bhASA meM citraNa kiyA hai| "puSpa pradIpa' sarga ke prAraMbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mahimA gAyI hai, pUjya tIrthaMkara kI pUjA kI hai, kaivalya kI AratI utArI hai| sarvazakti saMpanna ke syAdavAda ko sajAyA hai| samAja ko vividha bhAvanAoM ke puSpa arpita kie hai| kavi bhAvAbhivyakti karate hue kahate hai ki maiM vahA~ vahA~ gayA jahA~ jahA~ vIra bhagavAna ke caraNa gaye the| una pahADiyoM para caDhA jina para loka bhagavAna kI dhUli caMdana hai / dhanya hai vaha dharatI jo jJAnezvara kI garimA se gauravAnvita hai / pUjya hai ve sthAna jahA~ mokSezavara para sura-asura Fo

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32 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jar3a-jIva puSpa-varSA karate haiN| mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva kI sthiti kA varNana, vartamAna rAjanIti kA gaddAra logoM kA tathA tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM kA kavine kAvya meM suMdara DhaMga se varNana kiyA hai jaise vaha kauna Aja jisake mana meM chala-kapaTa nahIM tama bharA nhiiN| vaha kauna sukhI hai isa yuga meM, jo duHkhI nahIM gama bharA nhiiN| *** unakA jInA vyartha huA thA, jo na DAlate ddaakaa| svarNa DakaitI se milatA thA, kavitA karake phAkA / 2 *** kavine isa sarga meM deza ke gaurava kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| isa puSpa-pradIpa sarga ke anta meM apanI AtmahInatA tathA namratA pragaTa kI hai| kavi Atmanivedana karate hue kahate hai - na bhulU~ na bhaTakU~ na aTakU~ dayA ho| mujhe hara kupatha se haTAnA httaanaa| ** * bahuta ro cUkA hU~, bahuta kho cUkA huuN| bahuta so cukA hU~, bahuta bo cukA huuN|| dikhA do mujhe patha jahA~ taka gayA ho| 5 "pRthvI pIr3A" sarga meM kavi ne bhayAnaka yuddha kI karUNa kathA kahI haiN| isa dharatI para aneka bhayaMkara yuddha hue, usa pIr3A vyathA kI abhivyakti pRthvI mAtA ne apanI vANI dvArA kI hai| dharatI mAtA vedanA ke kathanoM ko vyakta karatI huI kahatI hai 4 | Mmx 3 "vIrAyana' : kavi mitrajI, "puSpa pradIpa'' sarga-1, pR.24. vahI, pR.25. vahI, pR.34. vahI vahI, pR. 35.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana maiM mauna saba sahatI rahI 1. 2. hara Aga meM hara rAga meM / 1 maraghaTa bane hai vakSa para, vahIM, jvAlA dhadhakatI deha meM A~khe barasatI mauna raha, " tAlakumudanI" sarga meM rAnI trizalA aura rAjA siddhArtha kA janmotsava, yauvanAvasthA, pariNaya aura sAtha meM saMyoga-viyoga kA anokhA citraNa kiyA hai / " janmajyoti" sarga meM kavi ne solaha svapnoM kA varNana, janmotsava, saMgIta, zizu kA camatkAra, zizukrIDA kA varNana kiyA hai| isa " bAlotpala" sarga meM kavine bAlajIvana, bAlaAdarza, bAla parIkSA, mAtA kA Azcarya, vIra bAla mitroM ke sAtha bhojana karanA, saMgama devatA kA bAla parIkSA hetu AnA, vIra kA ananta bala darzana, saMgama kA mada cUra tathA bAla vIra kI garimA Adi kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / kavine "janma janma ke dIpa" sarga meM vIra bhagavAna kI pUrva janma kI kathAe~, parAjita saMgama deva kA indraloka meM AnA, indra dvArA zaMkA samAdhAna, jIvana kI vikAsa dazAe~, bhautika aura AdhyAtmika sukhoM kI upalabdhiyAM, dharmAcAraNa ke camatkAra, sUktiyA~ tathA bIca bIca meM nItiparaka do Adi kA citraNa kiyA hai| "pyAsa aura aMdherA " sarga meM kavi ne vaizAlI gaNarAjya kI dazA, AmrapAlI prasaMga, antarvedanA se pIr3ita AmrapAlI kI Aga, saMgharSa, lUMTa, apaharaNa, sAmAjika prahAra, sAmAjika aura dhArmika dazA Adi kA vistRta citraNa suMdara DhaMga se kiyA hai / " saMtApasarga" meM kavine duHkhI gaNataMtra, vyathA se krAnti, vaizAlI para AkramaNa, deza kI dazA, yuddha kI dazA aura caMdanA uddhAra Adi kA vivaraNa kiyA hai / " virakti" sarga meM kavine vivAha vaiSamya, trizalA aura siddhArtha ke sAtha vAda-vivAda kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| mAtA trizalA pitA siddhArtha ke sAmane zAdI kA prastAva rakhatI huI kahatI hai ki patideva ! Apa beTe ko smjaao| maiM pyAre beTe ko vairAgI na hone pR. 49. jalatI citAe~ meha meM / *** "vIrAyana " : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", dvitIya sarga, 33 pR. 48

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dUMgI, usakA byAha racAU~gI, isa bAta para rAjA siddhArtha rAnI trizalA ko pratyuttara dete hue kahate hai ki jisakA mana sAdhU huA, use na bhAtA byaah| jisakI sabaka cAha hai, use na apanI cAha // vIratrizalA saMvAda kA kavine alaukika varNana kiyA hai| kumArane mA~ ko saMsAra ke svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue samajhAyA hai ki byAha bar3A jaMjAla mA~! byAha bar3A utpaat| bar3o bar3o ko Dasa gaI, suMdaratA kI ghAta / 2 rAnI yazodA priyatama vardhamAna kumAra ko zAdI ke viSaya meM upAlambha detI huI kahatI hai ki pahale cAha byAha kI bhara dI, aba virakti ke gIta gA rhe| tana meM mana meM Aga lagAkara, svAmI ! tuma ko yoga bhA rhe|| *** "vanapatha" sarga meM kavine rAnI yazodA kA bhakti rUpa, rAjakumAra vIra kA nirveda, bhautikatA kA parityAga kara vana kI ora prasthAna, rAjagRha citraNa, bhagavAna ke mAtA-pitA aura saMbaMdhiyoM ko vana patha se vidA kA karUNa dRzya aMkita kiyaa| rAjakumArI yazodA kA bhakti svarUpa kA citraNa dekhie "vIrAyana" : kavi mitrajI, "virakti", sarga-9, pR.218. vahI, pR.229. vahI, pR.248. : : ..

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35 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana maga meM viyogInI khar3I khar3I gAtI thI jAo jaya paao| mere manahara mere upAsya ! merI pUjA ko ho jaao|' *** jisa samaya rAjamahaloM ko chor3akara kumAra vana kI ora prasthAna kara rahe haiM, usa samaya kA nagarajana aura parivAra kA dArUNa dRzya kavine citrita kiyA hai| mAtA trizalA ko karUNa rUdana karatI huI dekhakara kumAra samajA rahe hai ki bole sanmati mAtA mata ro, tuma roogI saba royeNge| yaha prajA tumhArI tuma para hai, tuma khoogI, saba khoyeNge| bhagavAna mahAvIrane jJAtakhaNDa udyAna meM pahuMcakara paMca muSTi keza loMca kara ke dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| rAjA naMdIvardhana, svajana evaM prajAjana viyoga vyathita mana se apane apane gharoM kI ora lauTane lge| naMdIvardhana baMdhu-bichoha ko saMbhAla na sake / unake mukhArvinda se vedanApUrita udgAra phUTa paDe tvayA binA vIra ! kathaM vrajAmo? gRhe dhunA shuunyvnopmaane| 3 __ "hai vardhamAna, he bandhu ! aba to ghara bhI vana ke samAna bana gayA hai| tumhAre binA maiM ghara kaise lohU~ ?" isa prakAra rAjA naMdIvardhana Azvata hokara apane kartavya meM laga gaye, para mahAvIra kI salaunI chavi unake antara meM sadA aMkita raha gyii| unake divya prakAza meM ve sadA satpatha para calate rhe| prastuta vIrAyana kAvya meM kavine digambara aura zvetAmbara AmnAyoM ke anusAra, tatvoM kA samanvaya karake bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI ko likhA hai| zvetAmbara matAnusAra bhagavAna ke mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa hone ke pazcAt unhone dIkSAgrahaNa kii| kintu digambara matAnusAra bhagavAna kI dIkSA ke samaya mAtA-pitA jIvita the| zvetAmbara matAnusAra bhagavAna vivAhita the tathA priyadarzanA nAmakI lar3akI bhI thii| digambara matAnusAra bhagavAna "vIrAyana" : kavi mitrajI, "vanapatha', sarga-10, pR.255. vahI, pR.257. kalpasUtra : subodhikA TIkA : SaSTha kSaNa : patra 275 (le. javAhakacaMda paTanI kRta - zrI vardhamAna mahAvIra)

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana avivAhita the| kavi raghuvIrazaraNa "mitra' ne "vIrAyana" kAvya ko bhedabhAva se rahita, donoM kI mAnyatAoM kA samAveza karake suMdara DhaMga se kAvya kI racanA kI hai jo pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko parivartana kara dai| "divya-darzana" sarga meM kavine vana ke devI-devatA pazupakSI Adi vanacArI logoM kI bhakti va zraddhA kA varNana prastuta kiyA hai| jar3a-prakRti bhI sajIva hokara bhagavAna kA svAgata karane tatpara ho uThI hai| ahiMsaka jIvoM ko upadeza denA, gaMgA evaM vasaMtaRtu kA citraNa, pizAca preta AdizetAnoM dvArA bhagavAna ko utpAta tathA vijaya prApta karanA / bhagavAna ne cAra ghAtI karmo ko kSaya karate apratihata kevalajJAna evaM kevaladarzana prApta hone kA Alekhana kiyA hai / "jJAnavANI' sarga meM kavine indrAdI devatAoM ke harSa, samavazaraNa kI racanA karanA, tIrthaMkara kA mauna, sthAna sthAna para samavazaraNa kI racanA karanA, indropAya dvArA bhagavAna kA mauna mukhara honA, bhagavAna dvArA prANImAtra ko jJAna-dAna prApta honA Adi ke varNana isa sarga meM kiye hai| "uddhAra" sarga meM kavine candanAko baMdhana mukta, nArI kA uddhAra, arjikA saMgha sthApana, janoddhAra, janopakAra, Adi ke suMdara aura vistRta varNana kie haiN| isa "ananta' sarga meM kavi mitrane bhagavAna ke nirvANa prApti kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAvIra ke tIsa varSa taka bhArata meM vibhinna bhAgoM meM paribhramaNa karate vividha prakAra kI dhArmika pravRttiyoM kA Ayojana karake janatA kA uddhAra kiyA usa vihArakAla kA lekhA-jokhA prastuta kiyA hai| tIrthaMkara jIvana kA tIsavA~ cAturmAsa bhagavAnane appApurI ke hastipAla rAjA kI lekhanazAlA meM kiyaa| vahA~ mallagaNa ke nau rAjA, licchavIgaNa ke nau rAjA tathA anya aneka upAsakoM ko ar3atAlIsa ghaNToM taka dezanA dekara kArtika kI amAvAsyA ko nirvANa prApta kiyaa| "yugAntara" sarga meM kavine mokSa ke bAda muktezvara mahAvIra kA prabhAva, vIradarzana kA jIvana meM upayoga, jaina dharma se deza aura duniyA meM upalabdhiyA~, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke patha para mahAtmA gA~dhI kA anugamana karanA, Aja kI paristhitiyoM ko dizAdAna Adi bAtoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| kavine kAvya ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna kI amRtavANI kA pAna karAkara jana-jagata ko anupama bheTaM pradAna kI hai| pAThaka loga kAvya kA cintana mananapUrvaka karate bhagavAna ke vacanAmRta kA zraddhApUrvaka hRdayAgama kareM, yahI kavi kI abhyarthanA hai| kavi kI racanA svAntaH sukhAya hote hue bhI lokahitakArI hai|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 37 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra caritra - abhayakumAra yodheya "yodheyajI''racita mahAvIrajI ke prastuta jIvana-caritra meM, samagrataH eka aisA darzana bimba ubharatA hai jo samprerita karatA hai ki sAMsArika vastuoM kA parityAga kareM, moha-mAyA-mamatA se mukta hoM, AtmA kI Antarika UrjA aura usake gaurava ko prApta kreN| yaha jIvana caritra iMgita karatA hai ki kevala pothe paDhakara hI sahI maMjila nahIM milatI, balki loga-jIvana meM ghula milakara hI kaSToM ko anubhavoM kI Aga meM tapa kara hI prema-dayA-karUNA-kSamA-sevA-zrama-ahiMsA, manana Adi pUrNa sAdhanAtmaka-sakarmakaprakRti ko sAdhakara hI jIvana-mokSa mila sakatA hai| vyaktigata svataMtratA, sAmAjika nyAya ADaMbara se dUra hokara ahiMsA se hI, mAnava-kalyANa ho sakatA hai| ata: anekAntavAda, saptabhaMgI-naya yA syAdvAda ke sopAnoM para caDhakara kisI bhI kUTa-guTabandI se alaga rahakara hI manuSya AtmAnaMda prApta kara sakatA hai| yoM ye saba mAnavatA ke ve mUlya haiM jinakA sIdhA saMbaMdha jagata ke zivaM-satyam-suMdaram se hai, jo hara yuga ke, hara deza ke, hara dharma ke mAnava kI AkAMkSA ke kendra aura usakI jIvanopalabdhi ke sAra haiN| kavi "yodheyajI" ne zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra caritra ko nava sopAnoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| "prathama sopAna" meM mahAvIrakAlIna paristhitiyA~ tathA hariNigameSI dvArA garbha parivartana kriyA ko tarka sahita siddha krnaa| mAtA trizalA ko zubha svapna darzana honA, svapnoM kA vizleSaNa, janmakalyANaka manAnA Adi varNana hai| "dvitIya sopAna' meM kavi ne sUra ke samAna bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bAla-lIlA kA suMdara citraNa diyA hai| bhagavAna kI aMgopAMga Adi kriyA ko dekhakara mAtA ke hRdaya meM vividha prakAra ke bhAva utpanna hote haiN| calAkara choTe choTe hAtha pA~va se sabhI khilaune tthel| macala-sA uThA pAlane meMrahI mA~, dekha putra kA khela // *** zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi yodheyajI, "bAla-lIlA', prathama sopAna, pR.77

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38 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tRtIya sopAna meM kavine bhagavAna kI taruNAvasthA kA prakRti ke anukUla alaukika citraNa kiyA hai - kuJja-vIthi se nikale to kaliyA~ muskAI kula-vadhuone ghUMghaTa khola yovana meM madamAtI suMdariyA zaramAI akulAI para hoMTha na khole / 1 *** yauvanAvasthA ko prApta hone para mastiSka meM vividha vicAroM kA cintana, rAnI yazodA kA guNa - sauMdarya kA varNana, mAtA-pitA kA atyAgraha ke kAraNa unakI icchA pUrti ke lie zAdI karanA Adi varNana kiyA hai| zAdI ke pazcAt gRhastha jIvana kA vivaraNa, vAsanA aura viveka ke bIca cintana, mAtA-pitA kA Atmacintana tathA samAdhimaraNa lekara dhyAnamagna ho jAnA, svargavAsa, maMdIvardhana ko cintA honA, mahaloM meM rahakara bhI yogI avasthA, bhagavAna saMsAra kI vicitratA para cintana karate hue kahate hai ki 2. 3. koI isa nazvara duHkha sukha kI mAyA se, baca sakane kA rAha khojakara Age aae| aura moha ke mahA bhayaMkara bhaMvara jAla se chuTakArA pA sakane kA rAstA batalAe // 2 *** jisa samaya bhagavAna ghara chor3ane kA pUrNa nirNaya kara lete hai usa samaya rAnI yazodA kA kAruNa dRzya kavine aMkita kiyA vaha vAstava meM kavi kI kAvya kauzalatA kA hI pratIka hai - TIsa jagAne ko lAe ? 3 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi yodheyajI, "taruNAvasthA", tRtIya sopAna, pR. 93. vahIM, vahI, pR. 125 pR. 115. aise hI jAnA thA, tajakara to kyoM mujhako le Ae ? to kyA mere antarmana meM,

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ** * bhagavAna ke hRdaya meM calanevAle AtmaciMtana kA bar3A manovaijJAnika varNana kavine prastuta kiyA hai| isI adhyAya meM unakA dIkSita honA, puSpavRSTi kI varSA, devadundubhI bajanA Adi kavine suMdara varNana kiyA hai| dIkSA ke pazcAt bhagavAna ko manaHparyavajJAna utpanna honA, tathA bar3e bhaiyA naMdIvardhana kI sthiti, aura brAhmaNa somadeva ko dAna kA varNana kavine apane kAvya kauzala se kiyA hai| "paMcama sopAna' meM kavine bhagavAna kA vana meM praveza honA,jaMgalI prANiyoM ka upadrava, tapa meM lIna hone kA varNana kiyA hai| jaba bhagavAna sAdhanA kI ucca koTi para ArUDha hote haiM usa samaya kI anukUla prakRti kA suMdara citraNa kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai nikala par3e taba vardhamAna ke antara ke svara eka aura nirjhara thA, madhu kA phUTa pdd'aa| Tapa-Tapa lage Tapakane, hara siMgAra kusuma. svara-dhArA kA phavvArA-sA chUTa pdd'aa| *** vana meM jIvajantu se trAsa, gvAloM kI krUratA, indra dvArA rakSA honA, zUlapANiyakSa kA upasarga, caNDakauzika sarpa kA uddhAra, vibhinna gAvoM meM bhramaNa karate hue bhagavAna ne aneka upasargo ko samatA ke sAtha sahana karane kA ullekha hai| "SaSTham sopAna" meM gozAlA bhagavAna kA ziSya bananA, vibhinna sthAnoM meM vicaraNa karate hue bhagavAna ke dvArA gozAlA kI rakSA / karma ko khapAne ke nimitta bhagavAna kA anArya deza meM padhAranA aura aneka kaThina se kaThina upasargo kA meru kI bhA~ti aDiga rahakara sahana karane Adi ke bhayAnaka citraNa kavine prastuta kiye haiN| ___ "saptam sopAna' meM saMgama deva dvArA kaThina se kaThina vividha upasargo dvArA bhagavAna ko pIr3A pahu~cAnA, duHkha se ati pIr3ita caMdanabAlA kA uddhAra, gvAloM dvArA bhagavAna ke kAnoM meM kIle gADhanA Adi bhayAnaka upasargo ke citraNa kie haiN| sADhe bAraha varSa taka utkRSTa sAdhanAkara jRmbhaka gA~va meM bhagavAna ko kevalajJAna, devaduMdubhi bajanA, darzoM dizAoM meM puSpoM kI varSA karanA, apApA nagarI meM prabhu kI prathama dezanA, samavazaraNa zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-5, pR.182.

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40 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kI racanA kA citrAtmaka varNana kavi ne kiyA hai| bhagavAnane nArI mukti evaM samAja ke nava nirmANa ke viSaya meM jo upadeza die haiM unakA ullekha kavine sarala bhASA meM samajAyA hai| "aSTam sopAna' meM gyAraha gaNadharoM kA varNana haiN| bhagavAna ke darzanamAtra se gaNadharoM ke jJAna kA ahaMkAra naSTa hotA hai, ve mithyAmArga chor3akara bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM dIkSita hote haiN| caMdanabAlA, meghakumAramuni, prasannacaMdraRSi, arjunamAlI aura zAlIbhadra Adi sabhI kA varNana kiyA hai / "navam sopAna' meM bhagavAna vicarate hue pAvApurI pahu~ce, vahI bhagavAna kI aMtima dezanA huii| gautamako tatvAdi kA jJAna diyaa| saMgha Adi kI ucita vyavasthA kI, amAvasyA kI rAtri ko bhagavAnane dehatyAga kiyA, gautama gaNadhara kA vilApa kA karUNa dRzya mArmika zailI meM vyakta kiyA hai jAna liyA gautama ne, yaha patha meM hI aate| vajra girA mAthe para, kyoM, prANa nahIM Ate ? moha kI rekhA khatma hote hI gautama ko kevalajJAna huA / anta meM bhagavAna kI AratI tathA aSTakarmo ko naSTa karake siddhAvasthA ko prApta hue| . kAvya ke anta meM kavi kA udbodhana hai ki apane yugameM mahAvIra svAmI ne asad pravRttiyoM kA, kaThinatam zrama-sAdhanA dvArA,parahiAra-pariSkAra karane kA aura mokSa prApta karane kA jana-jana ko saMdeza diyA hai| unhone mAnavamUlyoM ko prasthApanA kA upadeza diyA jisase jIva bAhya jar3a-prakRti kI rAgamAyA se mukta hokara Atmopalabdhi ke lie samprerita hotA hai| yaha saMdeza kisI eka yuga, eka bhU-bhAga, eka dharma-jAti sampradAya kA nahIM, balki saba ke lie, saba jagaha ke lie, saba samaya ke lie hai| vaicArika dRSTi se kavi yodheyajI kA yaha mahAvIra caritra kAvya ucca kATi kA hai| mahAvIra ke caritra ko kavine mAnavIya saMvedanA se jor3A hai| *** zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi yodheyajI, navam sopAna, pR.347

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra - -DaoN. kavi chailavihArI gupta "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" ATha sarga kA sarala bhASA meM likhA gayA mahAkAvya hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lokahitarata jIvana ko, prasAdaguNa saMpanna zailI me likhA hai| saMpUrNa graMtha ke vA~cana se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kavine kavikarmarata hone se pUrva mahAvIra ke jIvana para upalabdha prAyaH sabhI pUrva evaM paravartI saMdarbho kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA hai aura aitihAsika tathyoM ke pariprekSya meM hI apanI kalpanA meM unheM gUMthA hai| dekhA gayA hai, kAvya aura itihAsa prAyaH samAntara nahIM cala pAte, itihAsa kI nIrasatA aura avikala tathyaniSThA kAvya kI rasavaMtI dhArA ko ruddha karatI hai, kintu kavine kAvya aura itihAsa ko ekIkRta aura anyonya pUraka banAne meM AzAtIta saphalatA prApta kI hai| mahAkAvya meM kahIM koI aisA prasaMga nahIM hai jo itihAsa yA paraMparA se asaMgata hai| isa mAne meM DaoN. gupta kI kAvya-yAtrA eka advitIya upalabdhi hai| kahA jAegA ki prastuta kAvya meM sahaja hI tathya, satya aura kalpanA kI eka aisI trimiti prastuta hai jo samAja aura vyakti donoM ko hI kRtakRtya karatI hai| kavi kI lekhana-zailI unake nizcala aura zabdADambara rahita vyaktitva ke anurUpa hI hai| apanI niSkapaTa vItarAga padAvalI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko AhUta karate hue lekhaka ne pUrI sAvadhAnI se kAma liyA hai, yaha sAvadhAnI itanI saMpUrNa hai ki isane svayaMmeva sahajatA kA rUpa le liyA hai| isalie mahAkAvya meM kaI prasaMga itane marmasparzI bana par3e hai ki sAmAnya pAThaka bhI una para mugdha hue binA nahIM raha paataa| ___bahudhA kahA jAtA rahA haiM ki bhagavAna ke yA kisI bhI tIrthaMkara ke jIvanavRtta para mahAkAvya likhanA lagabhaga asaMbhava hai| jahA~ mAtra zAnta rasa hI hai| anya kisI jAgatika sthiti kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM haiM, vahA~ kAvya ke lAlitya aura usakI suSumA kA nirvAha bhalA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai ? kaviyoM ko mahAvIra ke jIvana meM vaividhya aura sAhitya kI koI saMbhAvanAe~ dikhAI nahIM dI thI yA racanAkAroM ne unakA ThIka se Akalana nahIM kiyA thaa| DaoN. chelabihArI gupta ne una sArI pUrvavartI cunautiyoM ko svIkAra kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana ko unakI saMpUrNa garimA aura pavitratA ke sAtha prastuta kiyaa| prastuta mahAkAvya ko ATha sargo meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / kAvyazAstra ke anusAra isa meM mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA yathAvidhi nirvAha nahIM ho pAyA hai phira bhI Fo

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42 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' mahAkAvya saMpUrNa dRzTi se eka saphala kRti hai| kavine ATha sargoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbha meM Ane se lekara unake parinirvANa taka kI vizAla AdhyAtmika jIvana yAtrA ko paraMparA ke Aloka meM apanI kalpanA evaM pratibhA ke dvArA suMdara rIti se citrita kiyA hai| prathama sarga meM kavine mahArAnI trizalA kA svapna darzana, rAjakumAra vardhamAna kA janmotsava, bAlalIlAe~, Adi kA suMdara sarala bhASA meM citraNa kiyA hai| dvitIya sarga meM irSyAvaza saMgamadeva bhagavAna kI parIkSA hetu Akara vividha bhayAnaka rUpoM ko dhAranakara prabhu ko bhayabhIta karate hai| usa samaya vardhamAna apanI zakti se deva ko parAsta karate hai| usakA citraNa kavine lAkSaNika zailI meM kiyA hai - "phUphakAra mAratA mahAkAla ke svara meM, nirbhaya prabhune, jA dabA liyA phaNavarameM, bana gaye eka kSaNa meM prabhu kuzala speraa|'' *** tRtIya sarga meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA ciMtana mahAvIra kA saMyama dhAraNa karanA, kezaluMcana Adi kA suMdara citraNa hai| caturtha sarga meM vibhinna sthAnoM kA bhramaNa, anazanatapa, kaThora sAdhanA, kaThina pariSaha sahane, aneka upasargoM, caMdanA prasaMga Adi kA citraNa kavine kiyA hai / zIta, uSNa varSA, A~dhI aura tUphAnoM meM bhI merU kI bhA~ti aDiga rahakara bhagavAnane mauna rahakara kisa prakAra sAdhanA kI usIkA citrAtmaka varNana kiyA hai jisase pAThaka vaha dRzya A~kho ke sAmane sAdRzya hone lagatA hai - prakRti jaba hotI thI bhayabhIta kintu yogI nahIM vinIta dhairya kA le kaMbala oDha ki leta tuphAnoM se hodd||2 *** tIrthaMkara mahAvIra : kavi guptajI, dvitIya sarga, pR.35. vahI , pR. 147.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dharA para bhISaNa jhaMjhAvAta prabala jhokeM karate AghAta dikhatA thA jaba jala hI jala dharA ke vikala prANI sabhI viphala || *** samavazaraNa paMcama sarga meM bhagavAna ko kevalajJAna, gautama indra ke bIca saMvAda, kI racanA Adi kA vivaraNa diyA hai / kavine kAvya meM indra aura gautama kA saMvAda rUcipUrNa DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai maiM ziSya banU~gA, dvijarAja tumhArA, tuma guru pradhAna meM tumhe samarpita sArA "gurUdeva ziSya bole yaha vipra vivAdi kyA nahIM parIkSA leMge yaha unmAdI // ' 2. 43 d z z sarga meM kavi gautama aura mahAvIra ke madhya praznottara, gaNadhara gautama ko digambara mudrA dhAraNa karanA aura gautamajI ke pA~caso ziSyoM kA muni caritra grahaNa karanA, rAjakanyAeM bananA evaM anya nara-nAriyoM kA vrata grahaNa karanA Adi varNana kiyA hai / sAtaveM sarga meM zreNikarAjA kA gaNadhara gautamasvAmI dvArA pUrvajanma vRtAnta sunakara dila meM paritApa va glAni utpanna hone Adi kA vistAra se bhAvAnukUla viSayAnukUla citraNa kiyA hai| AThaveM sarga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pAvApurI meM Agamana, mokSaprApti, parinirvANa, Adi ghaTanAoM kA suMdara citraNa huA hai| jisa samaya prabhu kA nirvANa hotA hai, usa samaya jar3a va cetana prakRti meM vilApa kA vAtAvaraNa chA gyaa| usI kA zokamagna citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| use paDhane para pAThaka kA hRdaya bhI rone laga jAya / gautamajI ke vilApa kA citraNa bhI kavine bhAvapUrNa zailI meM aMkita kiyA hai| vAstava meM kavi ne apane kAvya meM gAgara meM sAgara kA prayAsa kiyA hai vaha saphala hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra : kavi guptajI, caturtha sarga, pR. 147. vahI, paMcama sarga, pR. 204. bhASA kI dRSTi se kavi kA yaha mahAkAvya saphala hai| kAvya kI bhASA sarala, ojapUrNa tathA bhAvAnugAminI hai| gahana se gahana bhAvoM ko mUrtakara dene meM kavi pUrNa saphala hai| kAvya kI bhASA kahIM-kahIM kliSTa hai, jise kaI sthAnoM meM ardha spaSTatA meM ulajhana "

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana paidA ho jAtI hai| tAtvika upadeza adhika laMbe hone se kAvya ke rasAsvAdana meM nIrasatA bhI A jAtI hai| kAvya likhane kA kavi kA mukhya uddezya jIvana kI satya ghaTanA kA ujAgara karanA evaM mAnavIya Adarzo kI pratiSThA karanA hI rahA hai| vartamAna jIvana ke saMtrAsa, tanAva aura kleza ke bAvajUda udAta jIvana mUlyoM kI khoja talAza karanA hI kavi kA dhyeya rahA hai| samagratayA yaha saphala mahAkAvya hI hai / DaoN. guptajI ne apanI lekhanI dvArA mahAvIra ke siddhAMto evaM AdarzoM ko janajana meM prasArita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai vaha anumodanIya hai / unhoMne kAvya meM ahiMsA para jora dete hue likhA hai ki mahAvIra ne ahiMsA tatva kI jitanI vistRta, sUkSma tathA gahana mImAMsA kI hai utanI mahAvIra se pUrva anya dharma prarvatakoM va mahApuruSoM ne usakI upAdeyatA para zAyada hI utanA prakAza DAlA ho / mahAvIra ne kevala purUSoM ke sAmAjika jIvana para dhyAna dekara unheM sabhI prakAra ke janma siddha adhikAra pAne ke lie sabala aura saceSTa hI nahIM kiyA, varana usake sAtha hI nArI ko dhArmika kSetra meM purUSa ke samAna adhikAra pradAna kara caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI / sAmAjika jIvana meM unhone zrama aura samatA para adhika bala diyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane dayA, prema, mamatA karUNA Adi prasthApita karake vizva ko "jio aura jIne do kA mahAna saMdeza diyA / isa prakAra kavine mahAvIra ke sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika vAstavika jIvanadarzana kA udghoSa janatA ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| kavi svayaM janatA ko saMbodhana karate hue kahA ki dUsaroM kI unnati aura bhalAI karanA cAhate ho to pahale svayaM apanI AtmA ko " balba " kI taraha camakAoM vahI dUsaroM ko camakA degA aura saba jagaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bhA~ti prakAza hI prakAza phaila jAyegA / bhagavAna mahAvIra kI taraha eka nahIM aneka bar3e bar3e chAyAdAra vRkSa bano / jo cAhe so vizrAma pA sake / tuma svayaM abhAvoM va rogoM meM jIkara dUsaroM ko svastha evaM mahAna nahIM banA sakate / tumhAre saMkalpa tumhArI antara kI dhvanI pahale divya bane tabhI tuma para hita karake mahAvIra bana pAoge / "" 1 kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kI aneka ghaTanAoM ko samAja ke sAmane rakhakara logoM ko bhagavAna kI sahiSNutA aura sahanazakti se paricita karAyA / sAdhanA kAla meM upasargo kA bhagavAnane kaise zAMtipUrvaka sahana kiyA ? tArDanA, tarjanA, apamAna aura utpIDana pada-pada para hote rahe phira bhI samatA ke sAtha ina kaSToM ko kaise jhelA ? virodhiyoM ke prati bhI unake hRdaya meM sneha kA sAgara umar3atA rahA / varSA, sardI, chAyA tathA A~dhI aura tUphAnoM meM bhI unakI sAdhanA kA dIpa jalatA rahA / hameM bhI dhUpa, 44

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana mahAvIra kI taraha sAdhanA kA ujjvala dIpa jalAnA hai| kintu yaha kaba ho sakatA hai jaba unake pathAnugAmI banakara unake siddhAMto ko zraddhApUrvaka apanAveM / kavine brahmacarya kI mahimA kA sAra samajhAte hue aparigrahavAdI banane ko kahA hai| prabhu kI sabhA meM jA~tipA~ti kA koI bheda nahIM thaa| sabhI samAna Asana para baiThate the| prabhu kA yahI saccA upadeza thA ki mAnava-mAnava bhAI hai| mAnava ke bIca vyartha ghRNA kI khAI mata khodo / prema kI varSA karo / jaba mAnava ke hRdaya meM yaha bhAvanA vyApta ho jAtI hai tabhI vaha sacce samAja kA, rASTra kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| jaba vizva meM ahiMsA kA jharanA bahane lagegA to mAnava ke saba pApa svayaM hI naSTa ho jaayeNge| jisane aparigraha kA maMtra jIvana meM svIkArA vahI jIvana meM sukha va zAMti kI dhArA meM lhraayegaa| prabhu kI taraha jana-jana meM sabhamAva bharo, jana ke mana ko zuddha banAo tathA tapa aura tyAga ke ghara-ghara meM jAkara dIpa jlaao| isa prakAra kA vAtAvaraNa vizvameM chA jAyegA taba hI samasta mAnava zAMti kA anubhava kreNge| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vizva ko anekAntavAda kI mahAna dharohara pradAna kI hai| use jIvana meM utArA jAya to usase baDhakara bauddhika ahiMsA kI siddhikA dUsarA sAdhana nahIM hai, yahI kavi kA spaSTa saMdeza hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAma isa samaya yadi kisI siddhAMta ke rUpa meM pUjA jAtA hai to vaha ahiMsA hai pratyeka dharma kI uccatA isI bAta meM hai ki usa dharma meM ahiMsA tatva kI pradhAnatA ho| ahiMsA tatva ko yadi kisI ne vikasita kiyA hai to ve mahAvIra the| vAstava meM kavi ne zreSThatama kAvya ke mAdhyama se mahAvIra kAvya kI jIvana ghaTanA, vizeSa paristhiti kA sahaja aura svAbhAvika citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| *** jaya mahAvIra - mANikacanda rAmapuriyA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana sAdhanA ke usa pujIbhUta unnata zikharasA hai, jahA~ pahu~canA kisI bhI sAdhAraNa manuSya ke lie ati duSkara hai, phira bhI kavine usa zikhara kI kalpanA hI kI hai| kavi ne jaya mahAvIra kAvya meM bhagavAna ke tejomaya jIvana ke vibhinna aMzo kA sparza mAtra hI kiyA hai, kyoMki usa agAdha mahAsindhu ko pUrNa rUpa se bAMdhanA asaMbhava hai| jaise agAdha sAgara laharA rahA hai- taTa para khar3e prANI apane pAtrAnusAra jalarAzi grahaNa

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46 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kara rahe haiN| kintu kisIne sarvAMza meM sindhu ko grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| usI prakAra tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra athAha ananta pArAvAra haiN| inake jIvana ke vibhinna aMgo ko eka najara dekha lenA bhI sabake vaza kI bAta nahIM hai| arthAt unake saMpUrNa rUpa meM jIvana ko bA~dhane meM asamartha hai| kavi mANikacanda kRta jaya mahAvIra kAvya meM jIvana pakSa kI pradhAnatA hai| saiddhAMtika pakSa ko kavi ne sparza mAtra hI kiyA hai, kyoMki saiddhAMtika pakSa abhedakArI hai| sabhI tIrthaMkara ke sAtha saiddhAMtika bAteM eka hI rahI hai-unameM bheda nahIM hai kintu jIvana pakSa meM bheda rahA hai| jisa prakAra AdinAtha bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke taponiSTha jIvana kI tulanA dayAmUrti bhagavAna neminAtha se athavA kisI anya se nahIM kI jA sakatI, isI prakAra caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tapasyAmaya jIvanakI samakakSatA dUsare se nahIM ho sktii| prastuta mahAkAvya ko kavine solaha sargo meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| prAraMbha meM kavine maMgalAcaraNa meM sarvaprathama mahAvIra kI stuti kI hai| prathama sarga meM kavine bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva ke vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa kiyA hai| dUsare sarga meM brAhmaNa kula meM aura garbha parivartana kA varNana, tIsare sarga meM rAjA siddhArtha ke rAja-bhavana kA aura svapnoM kA suMdara citra khIMcA hai sukha ke bAje nita bajate themanase suMdara saba sajate the| koTa-ka~gUre saba the suMdarasuMdaratA thI bhItara bAhara // *** jisa samaya bhagavAna kA janma kA samaya nikaTa AtA hai, usa samaya ke vAtAvaraNa ke anukUla prakRti kA suMdara citraNa caturtha sarga meM kavine kiyA hai peDoM kI phUnagI para cir3iyA gIta manohara gaatii| maliyAnila kI puravAI-sI havA gaMdha le AtI // 2 *** "jaya mahAvIra" : kavi mANakacandajI, sarga-3, pR.32. . vahI, sarga-4, pR.42.

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47 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhagavAna ke janma se nagara parivAra janoM meM khuzI kI lahara uThanA, deva-deviyA~ indra Adi bhagavAna ko meru zikhara para le jAnA, janmotsava manAkara vApisa mahala meM lAnA, nAmakaraNa Adi kA varNana caturtha sarga meM kiyA hai| paMcama sarga meM bhagavAna kI deva dvArA parIkSA, parIkSA meM vijayI bananA tathA indra dvArA sabhA meM mahAvIra kA nAma ghoSita hone kA varNana hai| SaSTham sarga meM jJAnArjana ke lie pAThazAlA jAnA, indra kA pRthvI para Akara vividha praznoM ko pUchanA, bhagavAna dvArA una praznoM kA buddhikauzala se uttara denA tathA sabhA ke loga Azcaryacakita ho jAne kA varNana hai - mahAvIra ne saba udghATana kiyA batAkara saba vishlessnn| suna kara jana-jana hae acambhita divya jJAna se bhAva-samanvita // *** isa sarga meM bhagavAna kA rAnI yazodA ke sAtha pANigrahaNa, mAta-pitA ke svargavAsa bAda dikSA kA prastAva, nandIvardhana, bhAI kI AjJA se do varSa gharameM rahanA, gRhameM rahate hue sAdhuvat jIvana kI pAlana karane kI carcA hai| saptama sarga meM bhagavAna ke varSIdAna Adi kA varNana hai / aSTam sarga meM kavine bhagavAna ke dikSotsava kA suMdara varNana kiyA hai evaM tAtvika carcA kA bhI udghATana kiyA hai jahA~ na tRSNA, bhUkha-pyAsa hai jahA~ na niMdrA vismaya / moha nahIM, upasarga nahIM hai mokSa vahI hai nizcaya // 2 *** navama sarga meM somadeva brAhmaNa ko devadUSya dAna meM denA, dazama sarga meM gvAloM dvArA upasarga, gyAraveM meM zUlapANi yakSa Adi kA upasarga, dvAdaza sarga meM caNDakauzikakA uddhAra, trayodaza meM sudaMSTadeva dvArA nAva meM prabhu para upadrava, kambala, sambala deva dvArA bhagavAna kI rakSA tathA saMgamadeva kA vividha rUpa banAkara prabhu para upadrava karanA, gvAloM dvArA prabhu ke kAnoM meM kIle ThoMkanA, gozAlaka dvArA prabhu para tejolezyA choDanA Adi prasaMgo kA suMdara varNana sarala bhASA meM kiyA hai| caturdaza sarga meM caMdanabAlA kA uddhAra, "jaya mahAvIra" : kavi mANakacandjI , sarga-6, pR.63 vahI, sarga-8, pR.88 2.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana paMcodasa sarga meM kevalajJAna ke pazcAt, samavazaraNa kI racanA, indrabhUti zaMkA ke nivAraNa ke sAtha dharma ke tatvoM kI saiddhAMtika carcA bhI prastuta kI hai| isa sarga meM kavi jar3a-cetana kI bhinnatA ko samajhAte hue udbodhana dete hai ki kAma-krodha saba jar3a padArtha hai usase bhinna jagata meM / AtmalIna hI rahatA kevala bhASita jJAna satata meM // 1 *** 48 deza deza meM bhramaNa karate hue bhagavAna pAvApurI meM pdhaare| vahA~ unakI antima dezanA huii| bhagavAna ke nirvANa Adi varNana kiyA hai| paSThodaza sarga meM indrAdika dvArA bhagavAna kI citA sajAnA, devagaNa, nagarajanoM kA zoka, prabhu ke nirvANa se gautama svAmI kA vilApa, tat pazcAt gautamasvAmI ko kevalajJAna prApti Adi ke sajIva citra aMkita kie hai| gautamasvAmI ke vilApa kA citraNa kavine bar3e hI sajIva DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai jisako paDhakara zrotAoM kI A~kheM chalaka uThatI haiM karUNa vilApa kiyA phira kSaNa-kSaNa prabhu kA nAma sunAkara / *** 1. 2. 3. lagA ki jaise bajra girA ho phUTa-phUTa kara roye / gurU kI smRti meM A~sU-jala se mana kA kalmaSa dhoye / * **** vAstava meM kavine 16 sargo meM kAvya ko likhakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kA konA-konA TaTolA hai / kavine bhagavAna ke janma se lekara nirvANa taka kA sUkSma aura mArmika citraNa kiyA hai| chaMda, alaMkAra, muhAvareM, upamAe~, Adi lekara kAvya ko suMdara banAyA hai / kavi kAvya ko pramAdaguNa saMpanna, bhAvAnugAmI bhASA-zailI meM citraNa kiyA hai| unhone sarala va subodha bhASA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI likhakara jaina jagata ko hI nahIM sAhitya ko bhI anupama upahAra pradAna kiyA hai| "" 'jaya mahAvIra" : kavi mANakacandrajI, sarga - 15, vahI, sarga - 16, pR.141 vahI pR. 133,

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 49 afa kI AsthA hai ki prabhu mahAvIra guNoM ke ratnAkara hai, dharmarUpI ratna ke utpatti sthAna hai, bhavya jIvoM ko eka mAtra zaraNa hai, indrAdika devoM dvArA pUjita hai tathA svarga evaM mokSa ke mUla kAraNa hai| una prabhu kA yaha uttama evaM pavitra caritra, jaba taka ki isa dharAtala para se kAla kA anta na ho jAya taba taka AryakhaNDa meM sabhI sthAnoM meM isa kA pracAra ho, prasiddhi ho aura saMsthita rahe yaha merI manokAmanA hai / *** parama jyoti mahAvIra kavi dhanyakumAra jaina "sudheza" prastuta mahAkAvya vIra nirvANa saMvata 2486 meM paripUrNa kiyA gayA hai ataeva isameM vaMdanA ko do tathA teisa sargo ke 108 - 108 chanda isa prakAra chanda saMkhyA 2486 I hai / kavi mAno isa tathya ko sUcita karate hai ki jisa samaya yaha mahAkAvya pUrNa kiyA gayA, usa samaya parama jyoti mahAvIra kA nirvANa hue 2486 varSa ho cUke the| ina 2486 chaMdo ke atirikta 33 chaMdo kI prastAvanA bhI pRthaka se likhI hai, yoM kula milAkara 2519 chanda se yukta yaha mahAkAvya hai / manuSya krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM se, samaraMbha, samArambha, Arambha, ina tIna pUrvaka se mana, vacana, karma ina tIna kI sahAyatA se kRta, kArita, anumodanA ina tIna rUpa arthAt 108 (4 x 3 x 3 x 3 108) prakAra se pApa kiyA karate haiN| isI uddezya se kavine mahAkAvya meM pratyeka sarga meM 108 chanda rakheM haiM / = kavi sudhezajI ke isa mahAkAvya kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki sargo kI saMkhyA 23 hI nizcita kI hai, jo pratIti karatA hai ki jaina dharma ke pravartaka tIrthaMkara mahAvIra nahIM the, apitu ina ke pUrva 23 tIrthaMkara aura ho cUke the, jinhone apane apane samaya meM jaina dharma kA pracAra kiyA thA / kAladoSa se parama jyoti mahAvIra ke anuyAyI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gaye, digambara aura zvetAmbara / isa vibhAjana ke kAraNa jaina dharma ko aneka hA~niyA~ uThAnI par3I paraspara saMgharSameM donoM kI zaktiyoMkA to apavyaya huA hI, para isa se vIra - vANI ke yathArtha rUpa para bhI kuThAraghAta huA, jisase sAhitya meM bhI yatra tatra paraspara virodhI kathanoM kA samAveza ho gayA / aisI sthiti meM tathya ke nirNaya hetu donoM saMpradAyoM ke kathanoM para kavine gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyaa| kavine jana sAdhAraNa ke sadupayoga hetu,

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50 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana paramajyoti mahAvIra mahAkAvya kI racanA kii| prastuta kAvya graMtha meM kavine digambara aura zvetAmaMbara anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para kevala jJAna prApti ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kaThora sAdhanAoM, adbhuta tyAga, alaukika tapa aura asImita deha damana kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| isa prakAra bAraha varSa kI tapasyA ke bAda jaMbhiya grAma bAhara RjubAlikA nadI ke taTa para, zyAmaka gRhapati ke kheta meM zAlavRkSa ke nIce, godohana Asana se dhyAna magna avasthA meM vaizAkha sudI dazamI ke dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| yaha bhI eka Akasmika ghaTanA thI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ko gotamabaMdhutrayI-indrabhUti, agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti ziSya rUpameM prApta hue aura inake gyAraha pramukha ziSyoM meM Arya vyakta sudharma maMDika, mauryaputra, akaMpita , acalabhrAtA, metArya, prabhAsa jaise medhAvI vidvAna zAmila the| kavine parama jyoti mahAvIra trizalA ke solaha svapna, jinendra ko lekara indrANI kA nirgamana, deva parIkSA, mahAvIra kI dIkSA, dRSTiviSa, viSadhara, devAGganAoM dvArA parIkSA aura caMdanA kA AhAradAna Adi kA suMdara citraNa kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI karUNA kA citraNa kitanA hRdaya grAhI hai unake hI mana kI karUNA sI, unakI yaha karUNa kahAnI hai| yaha masi se lekhya nahIM isako, likhatA kapi haga kA pAnI hai| *** trizalA ke solaha svapna - hara sumana eka se eka rucikara dekhe svapnoM kI mAlA meN| usake uparAMta na jAgA vaha, saubhAgya kisI navabAlA meM // 2 *** 1. 2. "paramajyotimahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, prastAvanA pR.46 / vahI, sarga-3 pR.106

Page #66
11 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi ne jinendra ko lekara indrANI kA nirgamana kA kitanA suMdara citrAMkana kiyA hai pazcAt unheM le sauri sadana, se bAhara ve sAmoda cliiN| kucha nahIM kisI ko jJAta huA, * ve prabhu se bhara nija goda cliiN|| *** deva-parIkSA-bhagavAna kI nirbhIkatA kA citraNa dekhie ataevaM uttara karake usake, phaNa para nirbhaya AsIna hue| jananI kI zayyA sama usa para, krIDA karane meM lIna hue| *** mahAvIra kI dIkSAH zira para ke keza lage una ko, nija patha ke bAdhaka kaSTaka se| isase ukhAr3a kara paJcamuSThi - se dUra kiyA nija mastaka se // 3 *** dRSTiviSa viSadharaH pA nahIM sakA jaya mahAnAga, una mahAvIra para hiMsA se| para mahAvIrane mahAnAgapara jaya kI prApta ahiMsA se // *** "paramajyotimahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-7 pR.210 vahI, sarga-9 pR.248 vahI, pR.361 vahI, sarga-14 pR.380

Page #67
52 1. 2. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana devAnAoM dvArA parIkSA : una para nija raGga caDhAne meM, thA aba bhI viphala anaGga huA / sura bhAminiyoM ke bhrUbhaGgo 1 se bhI prabhu - dhyAna na bhaGga huA // *** caMdanA kA AhAradAna : isa prakAra kavine kAvya meM sabhI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA samAveza karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / jisa prakAra hameM parama jyoti mahAvIra ke jIvana meM sarvatra eka hI rUpa vItarAgatA ke darzana hote haiM, usI prakAra isa mahAkAvya meM bhI sarvatra eka hI chaMda kA prayoga kavine kiyA hai| pratyeka chaMda prasAda aura mAdhurya guNa se yukta hai bhASA sarala-subodha hai / kahIM kahIM kavine prasaMgavaza aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kavine graMtha ke aMta meM pariziSTa saMkhyA 1 meM 289 zabdoM kA eka saMkSipta yA pAribhASika zabdakoSa bhI de diyA hai| isase sarva sAdhAraNa janatA ko artha samajhane meM suvidhA prApta ho / I vAstava meM sukavi dhanyakumArajI ne tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke vizAla jIvana ko zabdoM meM utArA hai, jo unakI uttama kAvyakalA kA hI pariNAma hai| unakA mahAkAvya likhane kA mukhya uddezya hai ki aMdhakAra se grasta mAnava AdhyAtma kI parama jyoti kI ora prerita hai / kavi kI yaha sarala, sarasa aura suMdara kAvya racanA janatA ke hRdaya meM dharma sudhA kA siMcana kare tathA bhAviyuga meM dhArmika evaM naitika caritra ko Age baDhAne meM sakSama ho| usI manokAmanA ke sAtha kavivara dhanyakumAra jaina sudhezajIne mahAkAvya - "parama jyoti bhagavAna mahAvIra" kI racanA kI hai / 1 *** kevala inatA thA dhyAna use, chaha mahine ke bhUkhe hai / au muja- abhAginI ke samIpakevala ye kodo rukhe hai | *** "paramajyotimahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga -16 pR.430 vahI, sarga - 17 pR.446

Page #68
53 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana trizalA naMdana mahAvIra - kavi hajArIlAla sukavi hajArIlAla racita "trizalA naMdana mahAvIra" kAvya prasAdaguNa paripUrNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana darzana paricAyaka hai| kavine kalpanA se kama bhakti evaM zraddA se adhika isa racanA ko zasakta banAne kA prazasta prayatna kiyA hai| aneka sthaloM para aise zabda citra hai jo apanI navIna kalpanAoM ke pratIka hai| prastuta kAvya meM kavine bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sattAIza bhava evaM unakI Adi se anta taka jIvanI kI saMkSipta meM kramabaddha pUrNa kI hai| kAvya meM kavine vividha prakAra kI ghaTanAoM kA suMdara DhaMga se, prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAla caritra ko dekhie mA~ kA paya pAna nahIM karate nija hasta aMgUThA pilAmRta cakhate, bhara-bhara kilakArI rAta divasa kevala muskAyA hI krte| sevA ko dik kumAriyA~ thI prabhu ko snAna karAtI thI, kAjala arU tela phUlela lagA nita naye vastra pahanAtI thii|| *** ika divasa deva hAthI banakara, prabhu ko DaravAne AtA hai, nara-nArI bhAge para prabhuke, hAthoM se pakar3A jAtA hai| gaja sUDha pakar3a baiThAla diyA, upara savAra ho jAte hai, prabhu kI nirbhayatA tAkata lakha naranArI acaraca lAte hai // 2 *** kavine bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dikSA ke pUrva kA vAtAvaraNa kA bhI advitIya citraNa aMkita kiyA hai erAvata hAthI lie indra jyoM hI nagarI meM AtA hai, taba kuMDagrAma kI zobhA kA varNana kucha kahA na jAtA hai| - 2. "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, "bAlacaritra", pR.38 vahI, pR.39 vahI, pR.46

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54 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hara ora vimAna dikha rahe the vidyutasA teja damakatA thA, jo bhI vimAna, sanmukha AtA sUrajasA vahI camakatA thaa| *** kavine candanabAlA kI mAtA kA karuNa citraNa kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai| nArI kI satItva kI parAkASTA kA sajIva citraNa dekhie o adhama nIca pApI rAkSasa mu~ha meM rakha mu~ha kI vANI ko, kyA abalA samaja liyA tUne pati binA Aja kSatrANI ko| jaba taka kaTAra ina hAthoM meM kara sakatA koI bAta nahIM, sevaka bana dagA diyA tune, hotA hai aisA ghAta nhiiN||2 *** bhagavAna ke vihAra ke samaya kA prakRti citraNaH zrI vIra prabhu ke Ane se chaha RtuoM ke phala phUla hue, bAvar3I kUpa saritAoM ke jala se AcchAdita kUla hue| prabhu kA Agamana sunA jyoM hI banamAlI phala lekara AyA, phala bheMTa kiye mahArAja ko zubha samAcAra saba btlaayaa|| *** niHsaMdeha rUpa meM kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI ko suMdara DhaMga se kAvya meM saMjoyA hai| kavi kA mahAvIra kAvya likhane kA mukhya uddezya yahI hai ki una vIra prabhu ke bhava likhane isa kavine kalama uThAI hai, jinakA yaza varNana karane meM RSiyoM ne pAra na pAI hai| para kavi kA hai uddezya yahI jaha ziva maga para laga jAtA, jaga kA hara naMdana vIra baneM paDha trizalA naMdana kI gaathaa|' *** | - m. h "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, "bAlacaritra", pR.46 vahI, pR.59 "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.70 vahI, pR.11 h >>

Page #70
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 55 niSkarSa rUpa meM hama kaha sakate hai ki kavi kI yaha saphala kRti hai| bhASA aura bhAva kI dRSTi se advitIya racanA hai / kAvya ko likhakara kavine sAhitya kI mahAna sevA hai jo samAja isa kavi kA RNI rahegA / *** vardhamAna purANa - kavi navala zAha prastuta graMtha kA nAma vardhamAnapurANa hai / isake racayitA kavi kA nAma navala zAha hai| unhone AcArya sakalakIrti ke vardhamAna purANa ke AdhAra para isa graMtha kI racanA kI hai / isa graMtha ke pratipAdya viSaya kA paricaya isake nAma se hI ho jAtA hai / yaha khar3I bolI kA eka sarala kAvya graMtha hai| isameM 16 adhikAra hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM aura vartamAna jIvana kA paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai / solaha adhikAra rakhane kA kAraNa batAte hue kavine bar3I sarasa kalpanAoM kA AdhAra liyA hai / tIrthaMkara mAtAne solaha svapna dekhe the, mahAvIra ne pUrvabhava meM solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM kA ciMtana karake tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha kiyA thA, upara 16 svarga hai, candramAkI 16 kalAoM ke pUrNa hone para hI pUrvamAsI hotI hai, striyoM ke solaha zrRMgAra batAye gaye hai, ATha karmoM kA nAzakara AThavIM pRthvI mokSa milatI hai| yaha graMtha bhI solaha mAsa meM hI likhA gayA isa saba kAraNoM se graMtha meM 16 adhikAra diye haiM / vAstava meM kavi kI yaha kalpanA suMdara hai / isa graMtha ke prathama adhikAra ke purANa paramparA ke anusAra maMgalAcaraNa ke anantara vaktA aura zrotA ke lakSaNa diye gaye haiM / dvitIya adhikAra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM meM se eka bhava ke purUravA bhIla dvArA madya - mAMsAdika ke parityAga, phira saudharma svarga meM deva pada kI prApti, tIsare bhava meM cakravartI bharata ke putra rUpa meM marIci kI utpatti aura usake dvArA mithyAmata kI pravRtti, phira brahma svarga meM deva paryAya kI prApti, vahA~ se cayakara jaTila tapasvI kA bhava tatapazcAt saudharma svarga kI prApti, phira agnisaha nAmaka parivrAjaka kA janma, vahA~ se cayakara tRtIya svarga meM devapada vahA~ se bhAradvAja brAhmaNa, pA~ca veM svarga meM deva paryAya, phira asaMkhya varSo taka nimna yoniyoM meM bhramaNa Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| tRtIya adhikAra meM sthAvara brAhmaNa, mAhendra svarga meM deva, rAjakumAra vizvanaMdI aura usake dvArA nidAna bandha dasaveM svarga meM deva, tripuSTha nArAyaNa, sAtave naraka meM nArakI

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& hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ina bhavoM kA varNana hai| caturtha adhikAra meM siMha paryAya aura cAraNa muniyoM dvArA saMbodhana karane para samyaktva kI prApti, phira saudharma svarga meM deva paryAya, rAjakumAra kanakojvala, sAtaveM svarga meM deva janma, rAjakumAra hariSeNa, dasaveM svarga meM deva paryAya kA varNana milatA hai| pA~caveM adhikAra meM priyamitra cakravartI ke bhava kA tathA bArahaveM svarga meM deva pada kI prApti kA varNana hai| chaThaveM adhikAra meM rAjA nanda ke bhava meM tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha tathA solahaveM svarga meM acyutendra pada kI prApti kA varNana hai| saptama adhikAra meM mahArAjA siddhArtha ke mahaloM meM kubera dvArA tIrthaMkara janma se pUrva ratnoM kI varSA, mAtA dvArA solaha svapnoM kA darzana, mahAvIra tIrthaMkara kA garbhAvataraNa mahotsava kA varNana hairatno kI varSAH dehasupAtrahi uttama dAna, ratnavRSTi sura karahiM nidAna / tinako dekhi madhya nara koI, dAna dene meM tatpara hoii|| *** kIno kubera purameM prakAza, una race hema u~ce avAsa / jinarAja dharma Agamana jAna, ina kiyoM mahotsava sukkhA khAna // 2 *** svapna darzanaH eka samaya rAnI jinadhAma, komala seMja kare vizrAma / nizA pAchile pahara nidAna, sove sukha juta niMda pramAna // . *** garbhAvataraNa mahotsavaH kabahU bana krIDA ko jAya, gAveM madhura vacana smudaay| kaba hU~ nRtya kara sukha pAya, vAdya kathA bahu kahai banAya / / "vardhamAna purANa" : kavi navalazAha, saptam adhikAra, zlo. 98, pR.69 vahI, zlo. 128, pR.71 vahI, zlo. 135, pR.72

Page #72
57 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ityAdika bahu kare upAya, Rddhi vikriyA ke parabhAya / jina mAtA ko harSa baDhAya, kareM raMga devI mana lAya // ' ** * AbhUSaNa paharai nija sabai, joti dazauviza phailI tabai / dhvajA chatra juta sarasa vimAna, chAya rahyau nabha maNDala jAna / / jaya jaya zabda karata mana lAya, Aye kuNDalapura smudaay| devI deva vimAna apAra, diza dazahU rUdhyau pUra sAra / / 2 . *** AThaveM aura nauMve adhikAra meM bhagavAna ke janma kalyANaka aura bAlyAvasthA kA bhAvapUrNa sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai - sAmAnika saba deva aneka, SoDaza svarga taneM kareM ttek| Aye sakala mahotsava kAja, apane apane vAhana sAja // jyotiSa vyantara aura phaNindra, saba parivAra sahita aannd| dundubhi zabda mahA dhvani karai, sakala deva jai jai uccarai / 3 *** janmAbhiSeka kiyo giri zIsa, sosaba varNa kaho sura ish| taba bahu harSa bhayo nRpa rAni, ati AnaMda mahocchava ThAni / / 4 *** adbhuta lIlA hari bahu karI, dekheM nara nArI pura jUrI / svajana Adi saba purajana tahe, Aye sutahi mahocchava leha // 5 bAlyAvasthAH khelai devana sahita jineza, tahAM ratnamaya dhUli vizeSa / soM nija sira para DArai keli, dhUla deya mithyAbhata beli // 6 *** "vardhamAna purANa" : kavi navalazAha, saptam adhikAra, zlo. 191-192, pR.74 vahI, zlo. 178-179, pR.74 vahI, aSTam adhikAra, zlo. 13-14, pR.78 vahI, zlo. 93, pR.83 vahI, zlo.95, pR.83 vahI, navam adhikAra, zlo.9, pR.8955 Iar rm x 5

Page #73
58 dasaveM adhikAra meM prabhu ke bAlya, jIvana yauvana meM Akara vairAgya aura dIkSA, kula rAjA dvArA bhagavAna kA prathama AhAra, caMdanA ke hAthoM se AhAra lene para caMdanA kA kaSTa dUra honA, ghora tapa karate hue vividha prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahate hue kevalajJAna kI prApti kA varNana hai - mAtA vilApa : 1. 2. 3. 4. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana haSa kare krIDA bahu soya, bAMdhava sajana sukha ati hoya / ihi vidhi bAla kumAra suhAta, mAtA Age baca tutalAta // ' *** pariSaha : 5. putra bichoha tApa adhikAya, tana mana beli gaI murajhAya / rudraNa kare bahu vyAkula hoya, dukha vilApa juta vihvala soya // 2 indra dvArA zAntvanA : bho devI ura dhIraja Ana, mere vacana sUno nija kAna / tuma suta tIna jagata bharatAra, adbhUta vikrama ko nahi pAra ! dIkSA kalyANaka : mAraga zira hai uttama mAsa, kRSNapakSa dazamI tithi jAsa / hasta uttarA antara mAhi, aparA hina velA tahaM Ahi // 4 vibhinna prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahana karate hue bhagavAna ko kevalajJAna prApta huA / gyArahaveM adhikAra meM devoM dvArA bhagavAna kA kevala jJAna kalyANaka mahotsava manAne aura kubera dvArA racita samavazaraNa kA varNana hai / Rtu grISma bhAnu je tejA, giri tuMga zilA kI sejaa| so saravara raha na kIcA, prabhu dhyAna supaya tana sIMcA // 5 bArahaveM adhikAra meM samavazaraNa meM gautama indrabhUti kA AnA aura sandeha kI nivRtti hone para bhakti vigalita hRdaya se bhagavAna kI stuti kA varNana hai / " vardhamAna purANa" : kavi navalazAha, navam adhikAra, zlo. 11, pR. 87 vahI, dazam adhikAra, zlo. 94, pR. 194 vahI, zlo. 70, pR. 114 vahI, zlo. 134, pR. 121 vahIM, zlo. 186, pR. 126

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 59 terahaveM se pandrahaveM adhikAra taka gautama gaNadhara dvArA prazna karane para bhagavAna dvArA uttara meM tatva nirUpaNa kA dArzanika pakSa prastuta huA hai / solahaveM adhikAra meM indra dvArA prArthanA karane para bhagavAna kA vibhinna dezoM meM vihAra, gautama gaNadhara dvArA zreNika ke pUchane para unake tIna pUrva bhavoM kA varNana, anta meM vihAra karate hue bhagavAna kA pAvA meM nirvANa, gautama svAmI ko kevalajJAna kI prApti aura unakA dharma vihAra, dharma upadeza Adi kA varNana karane ke bAda kavi ne anta meM apanA vistRta paricaya diyA hai / isa prakAra mahAvIra caritra kA varNana kavine paraMparAnusAra kiyA hai| jisa prakAra jaina purANakAra cAratra varNana ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke vibhinna siddhAMto kA pratipAdana karane ke avasaroM kA purA upayoga karate rahe haiM, usI prakAra kavine prastuta graMtha meM upayoga kiyA hai| kavi navala zAha ne varNya viSaya ke anukUla vibhinna chandoM aura alaMkAroM kA prayoga karake chanda aura alaMkArazAstroM para apane adhikAra aura unake prayoga kI pratibhA kA saphala pradarzana kiyA hai| dohA, chappaya, caupAI, savaiyA, aDilla, gItikA, soraTA, karakhA, paddhari, cAla, jogIrAsA, kavitta, tribhaMgI, carcarI chando kI kula saMkhyA 3806 hai / kavi kahIM bhI anAvazyaka zabdAGambara nahIM dikhAyA, balki unakI kavitA kA pratyeka zabda sArthaka upayogI aura bhAvagarbhita hai / isa vardhamAna purANa graMtha kI hastalikhita prati meM lagabhaga 350 citra bhI diye gaye haiN| ye sabhI citra viSaya ke saMbaMdhita haiM / ina citroM kA mahatva isa dRSTi se adhika baDha gayA hai ki ye maulika rUpa meM diye gaye haiM / vAstava meM kavi navala zAha ne isa vardhamAna purANa graMtha ko likhakara jaina aura jainetara samAja ko lAbhAnvita kiyA hai / ***

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(1) (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana paricaya pramukha caritroM kA caritra citraNa (a) puruSa pAtra * * (ba) nArI pAtra * dvitIya adhyAya * pitA siddhArtha bhAI nandIvardhana mAtA trizalA patnI yazodA zacI (indrANI) satI caMdanabAlA

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hindI ke kahAnI panandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana (1) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana : jaina mAnyatAnusAra vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaro kI jisa paraMparA kA AraMbha AdinAtha bhagavAna RSabhadeva se huA thA, usake antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI hue| pUrva tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt DhAI zatAbdi ke antarAla se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA prAdurbhAva huaa| vaha samaya IsApUrva chaThI zatAbdI kA thaa| arthAt Aja se lagabhaga 2600 varSa pUrva bhagavAnane digbhrAnta mAnavoM ko kalyANa kA mArga batAyA / teIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt dharmAnuzAsana meM jo vicchaMkhalatA aura zithilatA A gayI thI, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne usako dUra kiyA aura jaina dharma ko punaH sazakta rUpa meM sthApita kara diyaa| tathA tatkAlIna yuga ke anurUpa banA diyaa| bhagavAna kI yaha dharma unnayana kI saphala bhUmikA itanI mahatvapUrNa thI ki bhramavaza unheM jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka hI kaha diyA jAtA hai| bhagavAnane dharma saMgha kI sthApanA kara tIrthaMkaratva ko prApta kiyA hI, sAtha hI ve lokopakArI, mArgadarzaka bhI the| isa dRSTi se unheM yathArtha hI meM lokanAyaka kahA jA sakatA hai| vIra janma ke pUrva kI sthitiH ___ bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke DhAI sau varSa pazcAt bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra 'caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM bhArata-vasudhA para utpanna hue| usa samaya deza aura samAja kI dazA kAphI vikRta ho cukI thii| mAnava dAnava bana cukA thaa| dharma, saMskRti, sabhyatA evaM jJAna ke nAma para mUka pazuoM ke prANa balidAna kara unake jIvana se khilavAr3a kara rahA thaa| paMthavAda evaM jAtivAda ke nAma para itanI arAjakatA phaila rahI thI ki mAnavatA kI AvAja sunAI nahIM de rahI thii| strI jAti kA patana manuSya ke hAthoM se pUrNa rUpa se ho rahA thaa| unakA sAmAjika sthAna nagaNya thaa| gRhalakSmI aba gRhadAsI hI bana gaI thii| manuSya kI rAkSasI pravRtti ne mAnavIya Adarzo kA galA ghoMTa diyA thaa| zUdroM kI sthiti pazuoM se bhI gaI gujarI thii| vaha napharata kI nigAha se dekhA jAtA thaa| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA zAsana cala rahA thA, para usameM bhI vaha zakti nahIM rahI thI ki pAkhaNDa kI AMdhiyoM ko roka ske| mahAmuni kezIkumAra zramaNa kA ciMtana cala 1. ( pAsa jiNAo ya hoi vIra jiNo aDvAijjasaehiM gaehiM carimo smuppnno|aavshyk niyukti (malaya). pR.241, gA.17. Avazyaka cUrNi, gA. 17, pR.217. (kha)

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C hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana rahA thaa| cAroM ora aMdhakAra hI aMdhakAra hai / becArI mUDha janatA aMdhakAra meM bhaTaka rahI haiM, unheM kahIM para prakAza nahIM mila rahA hai, aise samaya meM bhArata kI puNya bhUmi para divya lokottara mahApuruSa kA udaya huA, jisakA nAma zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra eka prabhAvazAlI puruSa evaM agragaNya zramaNa the| pAli granthoM ke anusAra ve buddha ke samakAlIna the, para donoM kI kabhI bheMTa nahIM huii| prAraMbha ke prAkRta granthoM meM buddha kA nAmollekha nahIM huA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyiyoM ne buddha ke vyaktitva ko vizeSa mahatva nahIM diyaa| lekina pAlitripiTaka meM mahAvIra ko buddhakAlIna chaH tIrthaMkaro meM se eka mAnA gayA hai| janma sthAna: ___bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma sthalI ke viSaya meM itihAsajJa vidvAnoM meM matabheda haiN| kucha vidvAna Agama sAhitya meM ullakhita "vesAliya' zabda ko dekhakara ina kI janmasthalI vaizAlI mAnate hai to kucha vidvAna "kuMDanapura' to kSatriyakuMDa to koI magadha deza to koI ise videha mAnate hai| kintu zvetAmbarI graMtha sattarisaya dvAra meM kuNDapura aura Avazyaka graMtha meM kuNDalapura likhA hai| digambarI graMtha harivaMza purANa aura uttama purANa meM kuNDapura kA nAmollekha hai aura tiloyapaNNatti graMtha meM kuMDalapura hai|| uparyukta pramANoM aura aitihAsika AdhAroM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI ke kuMDapura (kSatriyakuMDa)sanniveza meM huaa| sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sambandhita jo ullekha haiM ve bahuta hI mahatva ke haiN| isake bAda bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM to bhagavAna mahAvIra sambandhI bahata adhika aura mahatva kI sAmagrI haiN| isameM devAnaMdA brAhmaNI kA mahatvapUrNa prasaMga varNita haiN| jisameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki brAhmaNakuNDa grAmameM RSabhadatta brAhmaNa aura usakI patnI devAnaMdA zramaNoM ke upAsaka the| eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra usa grAma meM Aye to ve bahuta prasanna hokara bhagavAna ke darzana karane ke lie aaye| RSabhadatta bhagavAna ko vidhi sahita praNAma karake khar3A rahA, devAnaMdA bhI tIna bAra vaMdanA karake hAtha jor3akara apane parivAra ke sAtha khar3I rhii| bhagavAna ko dekhate dekhate devAnaMdA ke stana se dUdha kI dhArA baha nikalI / Ananda se A~khe bhIga gii| zarIra harSa se praphullita hokara rogaTe khar3e ho gae aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ko 1. sandarbha-jaina-dharma-darzana : DaoN. mohanalAla mahetA, pR.8

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana anirmiSa dRSTi se dekhate hue khar3I rhii| tava gautamasvAmI ne bhagavAna se pUchA ki devAnaMdA ke stana meM dUdha kI dhArA kaise phUTI ? isa ke uttara meM bhagavAna ne kahA ki gautama yaha devAnaMdA merI saccI mAtA hai aura maiM isakA putra huuN|' AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI bhAvAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI saMkSepa meM prApta hotI hai jisakA kucha vistAra kalpasUtra meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa saMkSipta jIvanI se zvetAMbara mAnyatAoM kI prAcInatA aura prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra brAhmaNakuMDa grAma ke koDAla gotrIya RSabhadatta kI putrI jAlaMdhara gotrIyA devAnaMdA brAhmaNI kI kokha meM ASADha zudI 6 ko utpanna hue the| phira devane 82 dina bIta jAne bAda 83 ve dina Azvina zuklA trayodazI ko kSatrANI kI kokha meM rakha diyA / arthAt garbha pariharaNa kI ghaTanA prAcIna pramANoM se puSTa hai| navamAsa aura sAta dina kI garbhAvidhi pUrNa hone para rAjA siddhArtha ke vahA~ rAnI trizalAdevI kI kukSise caitra zukla trayodazI (i.sa.pUrva 599) ke dina uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM tejavAna putra ratna ne janma liyaa| siddhArtha ko ikSvAvaMzI aura gautra se kAzyapa kahA gayA hai| kalpasUtra aura AcArAMga meM siddhArtha ke tIna nAma batAye gaye hai(1) siddhArtha (2) zreyAMsa aura (3) yshsvii| trizalA vAsiSTha gotrIyA thI, unake bhI tIna nAma ullikhita haiM - (1) trizalA, (2) videha dinnA aura (3) priyakAriNI / vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI bahina hone se hI ise videha dinnA kahA gayA hai| 3 bAlyakAlaH jaba se unhoneM trizalA ke garbha meM padArpaNa kiyA taba se rAjya ke khajAne ke sonA, cAMdI, dhana, dhAnya Adi samasta rAjakIya sAdhanoM meM abhUtapUrva vRddhi huii| phalataH usakA nAma vardhamAna rakhA gyaa| 4 bhadrabAhu ne kalpasUtra meM Apake tIna nAma batAye haiyathA mAtA-pitA ke dvArA "vardhamAna' sahaja prApta sadabuddhi ke kAraNa "samaNa'' athavA zArIrika va bauddhika zakti se tapa Adi kI sAdhanA meM kaThina zrama karane se "zramaNa'' aura pariSahoM meM nirbhaya acala rahane se devoM dvArA mahAvIra nAma rakhA gyaa| 5 arrin x AcArAMga sUtra : zrutaskaMdha-1, 15 vAM bhAvanA nAmaka adhyayana kalpasUtra, 105/106 sUtra / AcArAMga bhAvanAdhyayana / digambara matAnusAra trizalA ceTaka kI putrI thii| kalpasUtra, sUtra 103 vahI, 104 ;

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana zakti-paricayaH eka bAra koI abhimAnI deva unake sAhasa kI parIkSA ke vicAra se kizorarUpa dhAraNa kara unake krIDAvana meM sammillita ho gyaa| khela meM vardhamAna ke sAtha hAra jAne para niyamAnusAra use vardhamAna ko pITha para baiThAkara doDanA thaa| ataH kizora rupadhArI deva doDatA huA Age nikala gayA aura ekAMta meM usane apanA vikarAla rUpa banAkara vardhamAna ko DarAnA caahaa| dekhate hI dekhate kizora ne lambA tADa jaisA pizAca rupa dhAraNa kara liyaa| kintu vardhamAna usakI yaha karatUta dekhakara na dhabarAye aura na vicalita hue| dRDhatA ke sAtha usakI pITha para eka aisA muSTi prahAra kiyA ki devatA darda ke mAre cIkha uThA aura geMda kI taraha phUlA zarIra daba kara vAmana ho gyaa| usa devakA mithyAbhimAna cUra-cUra ho gyaa| devane bAlaka mahAvIra se kSamA yAcanA karate hue kahA "vardhamAna' ! indra ne jisa prakAra Apake parAkrama kI prazaMsA kI vaha akSarazaH satya siddha huI / vAstava meM Apa vIra hI nahIM mahAvIra hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra kI vIratA, dhIratA aura sahiSNutA bacapana se hI anupama thii| yovanAvasthAH ___bacapana yauvana kI caukhaTa para pahuMcatA hai| para na usameM maryAdAhIna unmAda hai, na bhoga lipsA hai aura na vihvalatA hai| mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se zAdI karanI paDatI hai, kyoMki ve mAtA-pitA ko duHkhita bhI nahIM karanA cAhate the| unhone garbhA kAla meM hI mAtA ke snehAdhikya ko dekhakara abhigraha kara liyA thA ki jaba taka mAtA-pitA jIvita raheMge, ve dIkSA grahaNa nahIM kreNge| mAtA-pitA ko prasanna rakhane ke isa abhigraha ke kAraNa hI mahAvIra ko vivAha baMdhana meM baMdhanA pdd'aa| rAjakumArI yazodA sarva prakAra se isa kula aura varake yogya thii| yazodA ne eka putrI ko bhI janma diyaa| jisakA nAma priyadarzanA rakhA gyaa| (ka) sa vyaraMsI dvanrdhanAnna, yAvantAvanmahaujasA / Ahatya muSTinA pRSThe, svAminA vaamniikRtH| - tri.pu.ca.1. 12, zlo.217 (kha) . Avazyaka cUrNi, 1 bhA. pR.246 digambara matAnusAra bhagavAna avivAhita the|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana virakti : yadyapi bAhya rupa se mahAvIra saMsArI the, para unakA mana to bacapana se hI virakta thaa| ve viSayasAgara meM kamalavat nirlipta bhAva se vihAra karate the| unakA mana to ananta sukha kI khoja meM thaa| jIvana ke aTThAIsa varSa mAtA-pitA kI sevA meM bitAkara unhone jIvana ke sabase prathama aura utkRSTa kartavya kA pAlana kiyaa| unake mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa huaa| taba ve aTThAIsa varSa ke the| mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsI ho jAne para mahAvIra kI garbhAkAlIna pratijJA pUrNa ho gii| vardhamAna ne agraja nandIvardhana se virakta hone kI anumati mAMgI / mAtA-pitA ke nidhana se ve pahale hI bar3e duHkhita the| anuja kA yaha prastAva unheM ora kaSTha dene lgaa| agrajane vardhamAna se Agraha kiyA ki ve abhI saMyama grahaNa nahIM kreN| vardhamAna apane agraja kA pitAtulya hI sammAna karate the| unakI AjJA kA anAdara vardhamAna na kara pAye aura dIkSA grahaNa karane kA vicAra kucha samaya ke lie unheM punaH sthagita karanA pddaa| rAja parivAra ke sampanna vAtAvaraNa meM rahakara bhI vardhamAna yogI-sA jIvana jIne lage the| bhautika sukhoM aura viSayoM ke prati unakA mana vikarSita rahatA thaa| ve adbhUta yogI the| do varSa se kucha adhika kAla taka mahAvIra virakta vrata pAlana karate hue gharame rahe, ve bhUmizayana karate evaM krodhAdi se rahita ho ekatvabhAva meM lIna rahate the| dIkSAgrahaNaH __ bhagavAna mahAvIra kA cyavana, garbhApaharaNa, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna-darzana prApti ye pAMca mAMgalika prasaMga hastottara nakSatra meM hue the| vardhamAnakumAra ko pratIkSA kI yaha do varSa kI avadhi atyaMta dIrgha lgii| antataH lokAntika devoM ne unase dharma pravartana kI prArthanA kI to ve varSIdAna meM pravRtta hue aura isa ke sampanna hojAne para unhoMne mahAbhiniSkramaNa kiyaa| vardhamAna gRhatyAga kara candraprabhA zivikA meM AruDha ho jJAtakhaNDa udyAna meM pdhaare| vahAM vastrAlaMkAro kA tyAgakara unhone paMcamuSTi keza luMcana kiyA aura 1. samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammApiyaro pAsavaccijjA. samaNovAsagA yAvi hotthaa| ...accue kappe devattAe uvavaNNA... mahAvidehavAse carimeNaM 1- Ava. cU.1, bhA.pR.249 2. (ka) AcA. pra. TIkA, pR.275 (kha) bambhayArI amaMjamavAva/rahito Thio, Naya phAsugeNa viNhAto, hatthApAdasoyaNaM tu phAsugeNa AyamaNaM ca / Naya baMdhavehi vi atiNehaM kattavvaM / Ava.cU.1, pR.249 3. sthAnAMga - paMcamasthAna, prathama uddezya, pR.480

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66 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana svayaM ne saMyama grahaNa kara liyaa| usa samaya hemanta Rtu kA prathama mAsa, magazara kRSNa dazamI tithi kA samaya, subrata divasa, vijaya nAmaka muhUrta aura caturtha prahara meM uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra thA / aise zubha samaya meM nirmala bele kI tapasyA se prabhune dIkSA grahaNa kii| bhagavatI sUtra meM AtmakathA ke rupa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki maiM 30 varSa gRhavAsa meM rahA, mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa hone ke bAda svarNAdika kA tyAga karake ekadevadUSya vastra dhAraNa kiyA aura pravarjita ho gayA / ' jaina jagata ke antima honahAra tIrthaMkara ne virAT devamAnava samUha ke bIca yaha udghoSa kiyA ki - " savva meM akaraNi jjaM pAvakammaM - Ajase saba pApa karma mere lie akRtya haiN| lAkhoM deva aura mAnava nizcala bhAva se dekha rahe the ki vaha vaibhava aura aizvarya meM palA rAjakumAra Ajase akiMcana hokara, mAtra Atma hitAya hI nahIM, balki sarvajanahitAya sarvajanasukhAya akelA zAnta aura nispRha sAdhanA ke kaMTakAkIrNa mArga para nikala par3A hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra bajraRSabhanArAca saMghayaNa samaca tuSka saMsthAnavAle aura sAta hAtha UMce zarIra vAle the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA lI kevalajJAna, darzana aura mokSa prApta kiyA ina tInoM prasaMga para binA jalake nirjala do upavAsa kI tapasyA kI thI / sabase pahale aMga sUtra AcArAMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhaka jIvana - tapa Adi kA jo vivaraNa milatA vaha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai / ra vAstavikatA ke bahuta nikaTa hai| usameM eka mahatvapUrNa bAta kA nirdeza hai ki 13 mahIne taka bhagavAna ne devadUSya vastra ko apane pAsa rakhA, pazcAt dUsare varSa zizira Rtu AdhI bIta jAne para usako bhI chor3akara ve acelaka arthAt digaMbara avasthA meM rahe / kalpasUtra Adi granthoM me ullekha hai ki dIkSA se do varSa pahale bhagavAna ke mAtA - pitA cala base the / unhone bar3e bhAI nadIvardhana se dIkSA kI AjJA mAMgI thI aura usa kI AjJA na milane para do varSa taka jala sAdhuvRtti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra rahe the isakA saMketa milatA hai| dIkSA ke samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne devadUSya vastra dhAraNa kiyA thA aura 13 mahine bAda use garIba brAhmaNa ko de diyA thA / isakA saMketa bhI AcArAgaM ke isI prAcIna vivaraNa se mila jAtA hai| - samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre vairosabhaNArAya saMghayaNe samacauraMsa - saMThANa saMThite satta rayaNIo uDDuM uccatteNaM hutthA / sthAnAMga saptama sthAna, prathama uddezya, pR. 599 AcArAMga sUtra : prathama zrutaskaMdha, navam upadhAna nAmaka adhyayana

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 67 sAdhanApakSa: sAdhanA se siddhi milatI hai| mahAvIra ne aba jIvana ko brahmacarya aura tapa kI ugra sAdhanA meM ArUDha kara liyA / satya ke vyAkhyAtA banane se pahale ve cintaka bane, gaMbhIra anveSaka bane / apane hI antara kI gaharAIyoM meM utarakara satya kA darzana kiyaa| Atma-sAdhanA upadeSTA banane se pahale ve svayaM utkRSTa Atma-sAdhaka bne| sAdhanA kAla meM ve zAnta ekAnta nirjana sthAnoM meM jAkara dhyAna meM acala khar3e ho jAte, cintana meM gahare utara jAte / inake isa kaThora aura vismayakArI sAdhaka rupa para kisIne zraddhA ke sumana caDhAe to kisIne una para krUra prahAra bhI kiye / ajJAniyoM ne unheM kaSTa diye, saMgama jaise devatAoM ne bhI chaha-chaha mAsa taka unakA pIchA kiyaa| saMgamadeva ne hara prakAra kI saMbhava asaMbhava yAtanAe dekara, usa tapasvI ko sAdhanA patha se vicalita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kintu jaba vaha apanI samasta kuceSTAoM meM asaphala ho gayA, to eka dina mahAvIra ke samakSa Akara khar3A huA taba karuNAvatAra mahAvIra kI AMkhoM meM anukampA kA amRta jhalaka uThA-"saMgama ! mere manameM raha-rahakara eka hI vedanA kI kasaka uTha rahI hai ki tumhAre chaha mahine taka lagAtAra kaSTa dene para jahA~ merI sAdhanA agni parIkSA meM nikharakara tejasvI banI hai, vahA~ mere nimitta se tumhArA aniSTa huA hai, jIvana kaluSita huA hai| basa yahI eka vicAra mere mana ko dravita kara rahA hai|" bAraha varSa aura cha: mAsa ke isa sAdhanA kAla meM mahAvIra ne aneka dIrgha tapasyA kii| zvetAMbarI graMtha sattarIsaya meM bhagavAnane sADe bAraha varSa aura 15 dina ugra tapasyA kii| Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra sADhe bAraha varSa kA aura harivaMza purANa meM bAraha varSa ke tapasyA kAla kA ullekha hai| digambarI granthAnusAra tiloyapaNNatti meM aura uttarapurANa meM bhagavAna kI 12 varSa kI tapasyA kA varNana hai| zvetAMbara matAnusAra bhagavAna kA prathama tapa belA se prAraMbha huaa| digambara matAnusAra telA se prAraMbha kiyaa| bhagavAna ke prathama sattarisaya-84 dvArA, gA. 172 se 174, Avazyaka niyukti meM gA. 238 se 240, harivaMza purANa 337 se 340 aura tiloyapaNNatti-gA.675-678. sama. gA. 26., prava. sA. 43 dvAra, Ava. niyukti, satta. dvAra 63 gA. 149, hari.pu.gA.216 se 220 meM prathama tapa belAse aura tilo. gA. 644 se 667 meM aura uttara purANa meM prathama tapa telA se prAraMbha kiyaa|

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68 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana pAraNA ka dAtA zvetAmbara matAnusAra bahula aura digambara anusAra kula thaa| * kintu digambara grantha uttara purANa parva meM prathama pAraNA ke dAtA kA nAma kUla diyA hai| saba sAdhanA kI prakriyAoM ke mAdhyama se antara zodha karate hue eka dina usa ananta satya ko darzana kara lie, usa mahA prakAza ko pA liyaa| alpajJa se sarvajJa bana gae the| vaha jaMbhiyA grAma ke kala-kala ninAdakara bahatI huI RjubAlikA nadIkA zAnta evaM pavitra taTa, sandhyA kA samaya aura vaizAkha zukla dazamI kA pAvana dina / bhagavAna kA kevalajJAna nakSatra zvetAMbara matAnusAra uttarA phAlgunI aura digambara matAnusAra maghAnakSatra janakalyANa evaM hitopadeza bhagavAna mahAvIra jaMbhiyA grAma se madhya pAvApurI meM padhAre / samavazaraNa (dharma sabhA)kI racanA huii| vizAla mAnava samudAya ekatra huaa| sura aura asura sabhI upadeza sunane ko upasthita hue| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dezanA ne supta AtmAoM ko jgaayaa| bhaTakate hue pathikoM ko mArga dikhAyA aura phalasvarupa caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA huii| usa saMgha kI AdhArabhUmi kitanI spaSTa aura kitanI sudRr3ha thI, jo hajAroM haz2Ara vAtyacakroM meM se gujarane ke bAda Aja bhI apanA astitva surakSita rakhe hue hai| Atma, vijaya, vrata, vinaya, ahiMsA, maitrI, zIla aura samabhAva yahI to unake sudRr3ha stambha the| caturvidha saMgha ko prabhu ne inhIM tatvoM para AcaraNa karane kA Adeza diyA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zramaNa saMgha kA AdhAra bhautika nahIM AdhyAtmika hai| vaha bhaya aura pralobhana ke bala para nahIM, apitu prema karuNA aura Atma jAgaraNa ke bala para Age baDhatA hai aura vizva ko akhaNDa Atma-bodha kA sarva maMgala saMdeza detA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana sakriya thaa| ve mahAkAla ke pravAha meM bahate hara kSaNa ko jIvana kI amUlya thAtI mAnate the| isIlie ve kahate rahe hai-"samayaM goyama mA pamAyae'- "samaya mAtra bhI pramAda mata kro|" unhone jIvana ke tIsa varSoM meM jo kiyA, vaha hajAroM, lAkhoM varSoM ke itihAsa ko badalane meM samartha huaa| 1. . zve.gra.A.ni.gA.323-329, satta. dvAra. 77 gA. 163-165 aura samavAyAMga gA. 76-77, di. utta. pu. parva 48 se 69 aura harivaMza purANa-724 gA. sandarbha : jaina dharmakA maulika itihAsa-hastImalajI ma.sA., pR.580 2.

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69 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jIvana ke vicAra pakSase bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa hai AcArapakSa / AcAra kI pavitratA aura vizuddhi ke lie prabhune ahiMsA aura aparigraha kA saMdeza diyA / krUratA aura saMgrahavRtti sagI bahana hai| jahA~ saMgrahavRtti hai, vahA~ unake arjana aura rakSaNa ke lie krUratA kA janma hotA hai| aura jIvana ke samasta doSoM evaM durguNoM kA AvirbhAva bhI yahIM hotA hai / karuNAvatAra mahAvIra ne inhIM donoM doSoM ko jIvana kI azuddhi kA mUla mAnakara dayA aura saMtoSa athavA ahiMsA aura anekAnta kA saMdeza diyaa| sAmAjika jIvana kI upekSita zakti nArI ke navajAgaraNa kA abhiyAna mahAvIra ne punaH prAraMbha kiyaa| AryA caMdanA ke netRtva meM unhoneM nArI jAti meM jJAna, zikSA, sadbhAva aura tapasyA kA bIjAMkura kiyaa| vaha kevala sAmAjika krAnti hI nahIM, apitu eka mahAna zAzvatadharma kI jAgRti bhI thii| ___ sAmAjika jIvana meM paraspara sadbhAva aura prema kA vAtAvaraNa banAne ke lie aise kucha udAharaNa bhagavAna mahAvIrane prastuta kie haiM, jo bahuta hI preraka evaM mArgadarzaka haiN| rAjAoM ke vigraha, samAja ke kalaha aura manamuTAva ke prasaMgo kI jar3a ko bhI unhone bar3I sUkSmatA se pkdd'aa| aura usake kupariNAmoM se mAnava jAti ko ubaaraa| __isa prakAra zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tIsa varSa kA tIrthaMkara jIvana bahumukhI evaM bahukRtitva-saMpanna rahA hai| eka mahAna dharmazAstA, satyopadezaka, karuNAvatAra aura parama sAdhaka kA jIvana hai vaha / unake jIvana meM sAdhanA kA jo akhaNDa dIpa jalA vaha Aja bhI prajvalita hai| bhagavAna ne aMdhakAra meM bhaTakanevAloM ko vaha jJAna-jyoti pradAna kI, jise pAkara hara AtmA jyoti-svarUpa bana jAtA hai| antima dezanA va nirvANaH jIvana kA bahattaravAM varSa unakI saMsAra yAtrA kA antima varSa thaa| antima varSAvAsa pAvApurI meM hastipAlarAjA kI rajjukasabhA meM huaa| kArtika amAvasyA se pUrva hI unhone apane saba kArya saMpanna kara lie the| usa dina ve bar3I lambI dezanA kara rahe the| kAzI aura kauzalagaNaM rAjyoM ke navamalli aura navaliSchavi rAjAoM ne prabhukA antima upadeza sunA / anya bhI hajAroM, zraddhAlu hRdayoM ne pravacanAmRta kA pAnakara apane ko dhanya banAyA / antima upadeza dhArA meM vairAgya aura kartavya kA jo viziSTa upadeza bhagavAnane diyA, vaha Age calakara uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke rupa meM saMkalita kiyA gyaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra usa mahAna sAdhaka kI sudIrgha sAdhanA kA navanIta hai jo apanI sAdhaka AtmAoM ke vicAra deha ko paripuSTa kara rahe hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yaha antima vANI

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ziSyoM kA sambala banI, sahArA banI, ve isa jyotirmaya saMdeza ko pAkara dhanya dhanya ho ge| 70 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbha se nirvANa taka digambara va zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM jo mukhya antara yA matabheda hai usakA tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa yahA~ jJAna hetu prastuta kara rahI hU~ / mahAvIra kI jIvanI sambandhI aitihAsika mAnyatAoM meM digambara aura zvetAmbara saMpradAyoM meM jo mUlabhUta bheda mAne gaye haiM ve isa prakAra haiM - zvetAmbara mAnyatA digambara mAnyatA janmabhUmi sattarisaya dvAra meM kuNDapura, Avazyaka grantha meM kuNDalapura cyavanatithi aSADha zukla 6 dI hai / cyavana nakSatra uttarAphAlgunI cyavana sthala prANAta svarga dIkSA nakSatra uttarAphAlgunI dIkSA sAthI pravacanasAra dvAra, sattarisaya, samavAyAMga samavAya Adi meM bhagavAna ke dIkSA sAthI ekAkI the | prathama tapa samavAyAMga, pravacanasAra dvAra Avazyaka niyukti, sattarisaya dvAra *meM prathama tapa belA (do upavAsa) harivaMzapurANa, uttara purANa meM kuNDapura aura tiloyapaNNati meM kuNDalapura haiM / vahI uttarASADhA puSpottara vimAna uttarA harivaMza purANa, tiloyapaNNati meM prabhu ekAkI the aura uttarapurANa meM prabhu ke dIkSA sAthI 1000 the svayaM ekAkI nahIM the aisA likhA hai| * harivaMzapurANa meM prathama tapa belA se huA tathA uttara purANa, tiloyapaNNatti graMtha meM tIna upavAsa

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71 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana se huaa| yA telA se huaa| prathama pAraNA dAtA Ava. ni., satta. dvAra aura uttarapurANa parva meM kUla aura samavAyAMga meM prathama pAraNA harivaMzapurANa meM bakula thaa| dAtA bahUla thaa| prathama pAraNA sthala Ava.ni., satta. dvArA aura uttarapurANaparva meM kUla grAma aura sama. ke anusAra prathama pAraNA harivaMzapurANa meM kuMDa para prathama sthala kollAgagrAma hai| pAraNA kA sthala batAyA hai| chayasthakAla satta. dvA. meM sADhe bAraha varSa, tilo. graMtha meM bAraha varSa aura hari. meM bAraha vrss| utta. meM bAraha varSa varNita haiN| zrAvakasaMkhyA prava.dvA., Ava.ni.satta. harI., tilo. uttarapurANaM dvAra meM 100000 AdigranthoM meM 149000 haiN| zrAvikA saMkhyA prava. dvA., sama., satta. dvA. hari. pu., tilo., aura utta. pu. meM 318000 haiN| Adi graMthoM meM 300000 haiN| vaikriyalabdhidhArI prava. dvA., satta dvAra meM hari. pu.tilo. utta.pu.granthoM meM vaikriyalabdhidhArI 700 the| 900 the| mAtA-pitAkI gatimAtA- trizalA, devaanNdaa| strI ko mukti nahIM trizalA- cothe mAhendra devalokameM mAnate haiN| devAnandA- siddhagati ko prApta huii| pitA-siddhArtha aura RSabhadatta siddhArtha kI gati AcArAMga sUtra meM ina donoM kA bArahaveM sarga meM jAne kA ullekha haiN|

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$ 72 RSabhadeva kI gati - siddha nirvANa tithi prava.dvA., kArtikakRSNa caudasa meM kArtika dvA. kI hai| satta kRSNa tIsakI hai| nirvANa sAthI prava. dvA., Ava. ni. satta. dvA. kramAnusAra 1, 1 ekAkI - pUrvabhava kA nAmasamavAyAMga, satta. dvA. meM prabhu kA pUrvabhava kA nAma naMdana diyA hai| garbhApaharaNa hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana sama. sUtra ke 83 veM samavAya meM, sthAnAMga sUtra ke pAMcaveM sthAna meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMca kalyANakoM meM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra meM garbha parivartana kA spaSTa ullekha hai / sthAnAMgasUtra ke dasaveM sthAna meM daza Azcarya ginAyeM hai / unameM garbhaharaNa kA dUsarA sthAna hai bhagavAna kI mAtA ne 14 svapna dekheM / vivAhita gozAlaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ziSya / mAtA trizalA ceTaka kI for thI / rAjA siddhArtha ke do the / nandIvardhana aura vardhamAna / putra * hari. pu. tilo. grantha meM nirvANa tithi kArtika kRSNa caudasa kI hai . tilo., graMtha meM bhagavAna akele rahe / hari. pu. meM nirvANasAthI 23 kA varNana hai tathA utta. pu. meM prabhu ke 1000 nirvANasAthI batAyA hai / hari. pu. meM nandana hai kintu utta. pu. graMtha meM nanda pUrva bhava kA nAma hai / digaMbara paramparA ne garbhApaharaNa ke prakaraNa ko vivAdAspada samajhakara mUla se hI chor3a diyA hai / ve garbhApaharaNa ko svIkAra nahIM karate / sIdhe hI mAtA trizalA ko garbha meM mAnate haiM / 16 svapna gozAlaka kA pArzvanAtha paraMparA ke muni rupa meM citraNa kiyA hai| rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thii| rAjA siddhArtha ke eka mAtra vardhamAna putra thA /

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73 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vardhamAna kI bhAbhI kA nAma prajAvatI thaa| bhagavAna kI 28 varSa kI umra meM bhagavAna ne 30 varSa kI avasthA meM hI dIkSA hI mAtA-pitA kA dehAnta ho gyaa| lI jaba ki unake mAtA-pitA jIvita the| phira unhone mAtA-pitA ke dehAnta ke pazcAt dIkSA grahaNa kii| bhagavAna dIkSA ke samaya savastradhArI the aura bhagavAna dIkSA ke samaya nagna digambara unake kandhe para deva-duSya thaa| bhagavAna ho gaye the| unhoMne kevalajJAna prApta hone se kA upadeza kevalajJAna prApta hone se pahale upadeza nahIM diyA thA aura pahale bhI huA kintu prathama samavazaraNa 66 dina bAda prathama samavazaraNa usa meM deva hI upasthita the, manuSya nhiiN.| samaya huA jaba unheM indrabhUti gautama gaNadhara ke rupa meM prApta huaa| bhagavAna kA rAtrigamana hai| rAtrigamana nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA antarAla kAla zvetAmbara aura digambara AmnA ke anusAra do so pacAsa varSa bAda mahAvIra siddha hue| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana sambandhI samAnatAe~ digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM nimnAnusAra hai| digambara zvetAmbara pitA-siddhArtha siddhArtha mAtA-priyakAriNI, trishlaa| trizalA cyavana tithi ASADha zukla 6 vahI ASADha zukla 6 janmatithihari. pu., utta. pu. aura tilo.Adi satta. dvA. AdigraMtho meM graMtho meM caitra zukla 13 kI dI hai| caitra zukla 13 kI dI haiN| janmanakSatrauttarAphAlgunI uttarAphAlgunI zarIramAna hari. pu.tilo. aura utta. pu. Ava.ni., saptatizata, Adi meM 7 hAtha kA meM 7 hAthakA haiN| aura samavAyAMga graMtha meM 7 hAtha (ratnI)kA hai|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hari. pu., tilo., utta pu. bhagavAna Ava. ni. satta. dvAra. Adi meM vahI hai / kI komAryAvasthA 30 varSa kI thii| rAjyakAla hari. pu., tilo. utta.pu. Ava.ni., satta. dvA Adi meM vahI hai| Adi meM rAjyakAla kA abhAva batAyA hai| dIkSAtithi: hari. pu., tilo., utta. pu. Adi satta. Adi granthoM meM bhI vahI hai| meM mArgazIrSa kRSNa 10 kI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke caitya vRkSa sabhI graMthoM meM vahI sAlavRkSa aura usa dhanuSya kI uNcaaii| bhagavAna kA caitya vRkSa sAla thA, usakI uMcAI 32 dhanuSya kI hai| sabhI graMthoM meM prathama ziSya indrabhUti thaa| gaNadhara samudAya - sabhI graMtho meM gyAraha saMkhyA hai| prathama ziSyAcaMdanabAlA sAdhu saMkhyA-14000 sAdhvI saMkhyA-sabhI meM 36000 kevalajJAnI sabhI graMthoM meM kevalajJAna kI saMkhyA vahI 700 thI manaH paryavajJAnI sabhI meM 500 avadhijJAnI-1300 pUrvadhArIbhagavAna ke 300 pUrvadhArI the| vAdI-sabhI meM 400 sAdhaka jIvana-72 varSa gyAraha vahI

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana nirvANatapa- bhagavAna kA nirvANa tapa vahI sabhI meM do upavAsa likhA hai| nirvANa nakSatra- sabhI meM svAti vahI nirvANa sthalI-sabhI graMthoM meM pAvApurI dI hai| (2) pramukha caritroM kA caritra citraNa puruSa pAtra (a) siddhArtha : bhagavAna mahAvIra saMbaMdhI prabaMdho meM yadyapi mukhya puruSa pAtra ke rupa meM mahAvIra hI pramukha haiN| tathApi unake pitA va bhAI kA kathAnaka meM ullekha milatA hai, ataH unakA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA hai| mahAvIra kA jIvana yathArtha rupase kucha vistAra se prastuta kiyA hai| guNajJa rAjA: videha deza ke madhya meM kuNDalapura nAma kA atyanta ramamIya nagara hai| usa nagarI ke rAjA siddhArtha the jo sAkSAt sUrya se pratApI the| apane rAjya ko sarvabhA~ti samRddha banAne meM ve dattacitta aura nipuNa the| unake rAjya meM prajA sukhI thii| ve nItivAna, prajApremI, sarala svabhAvI Adi guNoM se yukta the| prabaMdhoM meM kaviyoM ne rAjA siddhArtha ke guNoM kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai mahArAjA zrI siddhArathajI the kAzyagotranAtha vaMzI, ati nItivAna va dharma vAna kSatriya kula ke the avataMzI *** yahI yazasvI hari-vaMza vyoma ke dinesa siddhArtha pradIptamAna the, prasiddha ve bhUpati sArvabhoma the, satoguNI the, jina-dharma dUta the| "trizalAnandana mahAvIra' : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.29 "vardhamAna' : kavi anUpazarmA, prathama sarga, pada-28, pR.42 2.

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76 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana mahA vivekI, zubha-lazraNAzrayI, kalA-guNAdhAra, apAra vikramI prasaMkta the ve vrata-zIla-dhyAna meM, ajastra hI samyaka dRSTi-yukta the| prajA vatsalatA: rAjA ko prajA ke prati aTUTa prema thaa| ve prajA ke sukha meM sukhI aura prajA ke duHkha meM duHkhI rahate the| dIna-duHkhIjanoM ke AzrayadAtA the| pyAse ko pAnI denA, bhUkhe ko bhojana denA, usI meM hI unheM Ananda milatA thaa| isI prakAra prajAvatsalatA kA guNa unameM kUTa-kUTa ke bharA thA - gRha meM bhI karate gau sevA, dvijagaNa ko bhojana dete| saba bhRtyoM ko khilA pilAkara zuci AhAra svayaM lete||2 tathaiva sarvajJa na bhUmi-pAla the, na jAnate the itanA kadApi ve, nakAra hotI kisa bhA~ti kI, aho| anAtha ko, Azrita ko, abhAgya ko -3 *** usI sabhA meM ahamiMdra - se lase, narendra the, dekha jinheM turanta hI na straMza hote ripu-zAstra hI varan duHkhI naroM ko duHkha-daivya bhAgate // * ** "vardhamAna' : kavi anUpazarmA, prathama sarga, pada-29, pR.42 bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi zarmAjI, "janmadhAma", dvitIya sarga, pR.17 vardhamAna : kavi anUpazarmA, prathama sarga, pada-37, pR.44 vahI, pada-34, pR.43

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77 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana premI patiH rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA ke premAlApa kA advitIya citraNa kaviyoM ne kAvya ke antargata kiyA hai| ve rAnI kI icchAoM ko pUrNa karate the| rAjA atyanta sneha se mahArAnI ke svapna kI bAta sunate the| ina sabakA premapUrNa snehamayI vAtAvaraNa kA suMdara citraNa kaviyoM ne kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai - trishlaa| tuma sotI rahI, maine dekhe rup| saba rAtoM kA cAMda thA, terA rupa anUpa / 1 *** nRpa samajha gaye rAnI kA mana, lekara ghUme upavana-vana meN| dekhI nisarga kI chaTA maMju, pulakita the apane tana mana meN| navakuMja nikuMja AmiMda suvIthi, subAga tar3Aga sukAnana meN| preyasi kI jaisI abhilASA. saba pUrNa karI sukha pA manameM // 2 vAstasalyapUrNa pitAH ___ kavi guptajI, zarmAjI Adi kaviyoM ne mahAkAvya meM vAtsalyamayI pitA kA uttama citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| jisa samaya priyA ne priyatama se rAtri meM dekhe hue svapna kI bAta sunAI jise sunakara rAjA kA mana pitRtva se bhara gayA aura ullasita hokara nAcane lage trizalA ne priyase kahe, sAre solaha svapna / nAca uThe siddhArtha suna, kahA prApta saba ratna // 3 kavine putra janma ke samaya kI rAjA ke vAtsalyapUrNa bhAvoM kA sajIva citraNa kAvya meM citrita kiyA hai nRpavara atulita siddhArtha praphullita ho hokara / dAna dakSiNA puNya karma meM, juTe huye the sudhi budhi khokara // 4 *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitra, "janmajyoti', sarga-4, pR.94 , bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi zarmAjI, "divya zakti avataraNa", sarga-3, pR.29 vIrAyaNa kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti', sarga-4, pR.94 "bhagavAna mahAvIra', kavi zarmAjI, sarga-4, pR.36

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana goda meM suta ko biThA pravINa nRpati siMhAsana para the AsIna nikaTa beThI mAtA trizalA dIpa jyoM bAtI saMga jalA-1 rAjakumAra vardhamAna kI zAdI ke pazcAt rAjA siddhArtha gRhastha jIvana kA kartavya pAlanapUrNa karake AtmasAdhanA meM laga jAte hai| kavine mAtA trizalA aura rAjA siddhArtha ke AtmaciMtama kA suMdara citraNa kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai - aba to karma zakti hI vidA huI kabase, hAthapA~va bhI hilA nahIM aba sakate the| taba kaise ghAtI karmo kA kSaya hogAkarma-cakra se kaise vaha baca sakate the| 2 *** inhIM vicAroM meM DUbe rAjA rAnI, palaMga choDa nIce dharatI para baiTha gye| nayanoM se avirala jala-dhArA bahatI thI, dhyAna-magna ho, alaga-alaga the baiTha gaye // 3 *** (ba) nandIvardhana H mAtA trizalA ke jyeSTha putra kA nAma nandIvardhana thaa| mAtA pitA kA svargavAsa huA taba vardhamAna aThThAIsa varSa pUrNa kara cuke the| aba ghara meM pitA ke pazcAt vahI variSTha the| ataH jaba bar3e bhAI nandIvardhana ke samakSa mahAvIra ne apanI bhAvanA pragaTa kI to nandIvardhana DabaDabAI A~khoM se unako nihArane lge| usI kI karUNApUrNa sthiti kA suMdara varNana kaviyoM ne kAvya meM kiyA hai - tIrthaMkara mahAvIra : kavi guptajI, prathama sarga, pR. 26 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi abhayakumAra yodheya, tRtIyasopAna, pR.109 vahI, pR.110

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana zabda na mukhase phUTa rahe the, kaSTa bhara gayA, vardhamAna ko bAhoM meM bhara kara lI siskii| sArI kAyA kA~pa rahI thI, jora jora se, tor3a-phor3a bhItara ko, nikalatI barabasa hiMcakI // 1 bhAI nandIvardhana duHkhI svara meM anuja vardhamAna se bole " bandhu ! svajana apane svajana ke ghAva para kabhI namaka nahIM chir3akatA / kintu marahama paTTI kara ghAva ko bharane kI ceSTA karatA hai / tumhAre jaisA samartha vivekI evaM karUNAzIla anuja agraja ke ghAvoM ko aura gaharA kare-kyA yaha upayukta hai ? udhara mAtA-pitA ke viyoga kA duHkha, rAjya kA gurUttara uttaradAyitva aura idhara tuma mujhe ekAkI chor3akara jAnA cAhate ho ? kyA merI sthiti vikaTa nahIM bana jAyegI ? vyavasthA cakra gar3abar3A jAyegA aura cintA tathA parezAniyoM ke pahAr3a mujha para TUTa pddeNge| jaba tuma aThThAIsa varSa mAtA-pitA kI sevA ke lie ruke rahe to mere lie bhI kucha nahIM rUka sakate ?" agraja ke zabdoM meM TIsa thI, jo vardhamAna ke hRdaya ko bIMdha gii| unakI vANI avarUddha ho gii| isI bhAvanA kA spaSTIkaraNa kavi ne kAvya-zailI meM suMdara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai - vardhamAna bole phira apanA zIza jhukAkara AjJA milane para hI Age kadama dharU~gA / 1. kintu hRdaya meM jaise koI koMca rahA haibIta rahe palako meM kaise pakar3a sakU~gA // 2 "" vardhamAna ne agraja ke vacana kA svIkAra karate hue apanI manobhAvanA spaSTa kI, "maiM ApakI bhAvanA kA Adara kara do varSa taka ghara meM aura rahU~gA, kintu gRhasambandhI pravRttiyoM se bilakula duur| ghara meM merA honA, na honA eka jaisA rhegaa| mere nimitta kucha bhI Arambha - samAraMbha na ho, maiM ekAnta sAdhanA meM hI apanA samaya vyatIta karU~gA / ' nadIvardhana ne dabe svara se vardhamAna kI zarta svIkAra kara lI, yaha socakara ki ghara meM anuja kI upasthiti mAtra mujhe apanA kArya sambhAlane meM bala detI rahegI / pratyeka kSaNa apramAda aura tyAga meM bitAne kA Agraha rakhanevAle vardhamAna do 79 zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra : kavi abhayakumAra yodheya, tRtIyasopAna, pR.117 vahI, pR. 119

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana varSa taka aura gRhastha jIvana meM rahene ko taiyAra ho gye| isameM bhI mahAvIra kI cintanadhArA kA eka nirmala rUpa ujAgara hotA hai| tIvra vairAgya-vRtti aura saMsAra ke prati udAsInatA hote hue bhI una meM bhAtRprema va udAtta vyavahAra dRSTi bhI thii| vItarAgatA ke nAma para bar3o kA anAdara va avajJA karanA unheM pasanda nahIM thaa| sAtha hI vicAroM kI dRDhatA ke nAma para ve haThavAda ko ucina nahIM samajhate the / samaya va paristhiti para ucita nirNaya aura vyAvahArika samajhautA karanA unakI sahaja, sarala, madhura jIvana dRSTi kA eka aMga thA, yaha isa ghaTanA se spaSTa hotA hai| bar3e bhaiyA kI AjJA ko zirodhAryakara do varSa pUrNa hone para svayaM nandIvardhana ne vardhamAna ke dIkSA mahotsava kI taiyArI kii| *** prabaMdho meM nArIpAtra (a) satI candanabAlA: caMdanabAlA mahAvIra ke bhikSuNI saMgha meM agragaNya thii| padase vaha pravartinI kahalAtI thii| vaha rAjakanyA thii| usakA samagra jIvana Aroha-avaroha se bharA huA thaa| dAsI kA jIvana bhI use jInA pdd'aa| loha-zrRMkhalAoM meM bhI vaha Abaddha rahI, para usake jIvana kA antima adhyAya eka mahAna bhikSuNI saMgha kI saMcArikA ke gauravapUrNa pada para pratiSThita huii| satI caMdanabAlA campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana va dhArINI kI ikalautI kanyA thii| usake do nAma the-caMdanabAlA aura vasumatI / lAr3a-pyAra meM hI usakA zaizava bItA / vaha rupa sauMdarya kI sAkSAta pratimUrti thI / kavine kAvya ke antargata caMdanA ke atIva ramaNIya va manohArI rupa kA saMracanA kA suMdara citrAMkana kiyA hai jyoti thI mukha kI divya lalAma candra para ghira Aye ghanazyAma bahu mAdaka thA usakA rUpa bhauMha thI tirachI bhavya anUpanetra the jaise khile kamala // ' *** 1. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, caturtha sarga, pR.157

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 81 caMdanA vaha ceTaka rAjA kI bahana thI / 1 kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatAnIka ne eka bAra jala mArga se senA lekara binA sUcita kiye eka hI rAta meM campA ko ghera liyA / pUrva sajjA ke abhAva meM daghivAhana kI hAra huii| zatAnIka ke sainikoM ne nirbhaya hokara do prahara taka campA ke nAgarikoM ko yatheccha lUTA / eka rathika rAjamahaloM meM pahu~cA / vaha rAnI dhAriNI aura rAjakumArI candabAlA ko apane ratha meM baiThAkara bhAga niklaa| zatAnIka vijayI hokara kauzAmbI lauTa aayaa| rathika dhAriNI aura caMdanabAlA ko lekara nirjana araNya meM pahu~ca gayA / vahA~ usane rAnI ke sAtha balAtkAra kA prayatna kiyA rAnI ne use bahuta samajAyA, kintu usakI savikAra manobhAvanA kA pariSkAra na ho skaa| jaba vaha maryAdA kA atikramaNa kara rAnI kI ora baDha AyA to usane apanI satItva kI rakSA ke nimitta jIbha khIMcakara prANoM kI Ahuti de dI aura rathika kI duceSTA ko viphala kara diyA / rathika kauzAmbI lauTa AyA caMdanabAlA ko usane eka dAsI kI bhA~tI bAjAra meM beca diyaa| pahale use eka vezyAne kharIdA aura vezyA se dhanavAha seThane / caMdanabAlA seThake ghara eka dAsI kI bhA~tI rahane lgii| usakA vyavahAra sabake sAtha caMdana kI taraha atizaya zItala thA; ataH taba se usakA caMdanA nAma ati vikhyAta huA / caMdanabAlA pratyeka kArya ko apanI cAturI se vizeSa AkarSaNa banA detI / vaha atizaya zramazIlA thI, ataH saba ko hI bhA gaI / usakI lokapriyatA para dAsa-dAsI bhI mugdha the| para seThAnI mUlA ko usake lAvaNya se DAha hone lgii| vaha caMdanA ke pratyeka kArya ko ghUra ghUra kara dekhatI rahatI thI, caMdanabAlA ne usa aura kabhI dhyAna nahIM diyA / vaha seTha-seThAnI ko mAtA-pitA hI mAnatI aura unake sAtha eka dAsI kI bhA~tI rahatI / caMdanA ke vyavahAra se patnI mUlA ko seThajI ke aniSTa saMbaMdha kI AzaMkA huI / usa nArI kA mana vikala huA sautiyA - DAha jAgI mnmeN| caMdanabAlA kA rUpa dekha thI jalana, prabala jAgI mana meM // 2 *** 1. 2. digaMbara matAnusAra vaha ceTaka rAjA kI lar3akI thI / 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 7, pR. 268

Page #97
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana seTha eka dina kisI gA~va se yAtrA kara lauttaa| dopahara kA samaya ho cUkA thaa| pada-yAtrA ke zrama se va bhUkha pyAsa se vaha atyaMta kalAnta ho gayA thaa| ghara pahu~cate hI vaha paira dhone ke lie baitthaa| caMdanabAlA pAnI lekara aaii| seTha paira dhone lagA aura vaha dhUlAne lgii| caMdanabAlA ke keza sahasA bhUmi para bikhara pdd'e| kIcar3a meM ve sana na jAye, isa uddezya se seThane unheM uThAyA aura usakI pITha para rakha diyaa| jharokhe meM baiThI malA kI vakra dRSTi usa samaya caMdanabAlA aura seTha para pdd'ii| use apanI AzaMkA satya rUpa dikhAI dii| usake zarIra meM Aga sI laga gii| usa kSaNa se hI usane caMdanabAlA ke virUddha Sar3ayaMtra kI yojanA Arambha kara dI chor3atI thI uragI phUphakAra caMdanA para thA vajra pahAra are kyoM meM hU~ vyartha hatAza karU esA upAya ho nAza' *** eka dina anAyAsa hI vyavasAya ke lie seThajI ko bAhara jAnA pdd'aa| maukA dekha mUlAne caMdanabAlA ko pakar3A aura sira muMDanakara, pairoM ko beDI se jakar3a kara use talaghara meM DAla diyaa| ghara banda kara svayaM pIhara calI gii| isI dArUNya sthiti kA kavi ne kAvyoM meM suMdara DhaMga se citraNa kiyA hai : tadanantara abalA bAlA ke, pahanAI kaDiyA~ hAthoM meN| phira krUra bhAva se bA~dha jakar3a, dhara diyA sUpa una hAthoM meM // 2 *** dhuMdharAle kAle kezoM ko, seThAnI ne kaTavA DAlA, pairoM meM ber3I hAthoM meM hathakar3iyoM kA baMdhana DAlA, *** 1. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-4, pR.163 / / "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, saptam sopAna, pR.269

Page #98
83 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana khAne ko kodoM taka na diyA kara diyA banda tahakhAne meM, dAsI ne samajhAyA bhArI para AI nahIM samajhAne meM,- *** vaha bhUkhI-pyAsI pIr3A meM, thI raha raha tar3apa rahI pl-pl| adharoM para papar3I jamI huI, / para, pAsa na thA thor3A bhI jl||2 *** anAyAsa eka dina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aneka vana, grAma aura nagaroM meM vicaraNa karate hue kauzAmbI nagarI meM pahu~ce aura vahA~ se nikaTavartI vana meM dhyAna karane cale gye| dhyAna mudrA se jAgRta hote hI AhAra ke lie nagarI meM praveza kiyaa| prabhu ne eka ati vikaTa abhigraha dhAraNa kiyA "dravya se ur3ada ke bAkule ho, sUpa ke kone me, ho kSetra se dAtA kA eka paira dehalI ke andara vaha eka bAhara ho kAlase bhikSAcArI kI atikrAnta velA ho, bhAva se rAjakanyA ho, dAsatva prApta ho, zrRMkhalA-baddha ho, sira se muNDita ho, rUdana karatI ho, tIna dIna kI upavAsI ho, aise saMyoga mujhe mileMge tabhI bhikSA grahaNa karU~gA, anyathA cha: mAsa taka mujhe bhikSA nahiM lenA haiN|" 3 *** satI caMdanabAlA ne sunAki bhagavAna mahAvIra nagarI meM padhAre haiN| unake manameM bhAvanA huI ki maiM AhAradAna dUM, kintu vaha talaghara kI jela meM par3I thI, beDiyA~ usake pAvoM meM thI / vaha cintA meM par3a gyii| paraMtu usake puNya kA udaya AyA aura usakI bhAvanA phalI bhUtI huii| ThIka bhI hai -"yAdRzI bhAvanA yasya siddhi rbhavati taadRshii| saMyoga se munirAja udhara hI A gaye / caMdanA ke bandhana TUTa gaye aura usane zuddhipUrvaka "trizalAnaMdana mahAvIra", kavi hajArIlAla, pR.64 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra', kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-7, pR.269 vahI, pR.272 Avazyaka cUrNi, prathama bhAga, patra 316-317, Avazyaka niyukti malayagirivRtti, patra saM.294-295, zrI kalpa sUtrArtha prabodhinI pR.154 digambara matAnusAra kaude cAvala (bAsI cAvala) prabhu ko AhAra meM diye| lh sh >>

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana navadhA bhakti se prabhu ko AhAra diyaa| satI caMdanA ke satItva meM antataH apanA prabhAva dikhlaayaa| use tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhagavAna ko AhAra dene kA suyoga milA aura usake zIla kI prazaMsA huii| nabha se ratna-vRSTi huI - baja uThe vAdya, tatkAla tabhI, ratno kI varSA huI vhaaN| usa seTha dhanAvaha ke ghara para sone kI varSA huI vahA~ // 1 *** kaI mahinoM se zuddha AhAra ke lie ghUmate hue Aja caMdanA ke hAthoM se AhAra grahaNa karane kA suyoga prApta huaa| sArA nagara satI caMdanA kI jaya-jayakAra se gUMja utthaa| logoM ne usakI prazaMsA kI aura use sammAna diyaa| abhAgina caMdanA Aja dhanyavAda ke pAtra bana gii| usane tapasvI mahAvIra ko AhAra diyaa| usakI dAsatA kI beDiyA~ kaTa gaI, usakA uddhAra ho gyaa| seThAnI caMdanA satI ke pairoM meM girakara apane durbhAvoM kI kSamAyAcanA karane lgii| kavi ne isa vArtAlApa kA nATakIya citraNa kiyA hai - candA satI ke seThAnI, paga chUkara bolI, kSamA kro| caMdanA lipaTa seThAnI se, bolI dIdI mata nayana bharo, tuma bar3I bahina maiM choTI hU~, mujhako bhI pIr3A harane do, merI pIr3A hara lI prabhune, mujhako bhI pIr3A harane do|| *** satI caMdanA ne mUlA seThAnI se mIThI madhura vANI meM kahA, he ! dIdI, jo kucha milA hai tumhAre AzIrvAda se / yaha kRpA beDiyoM kI hai ki prabhune mere ghara A~gana meM padhArakara AhAra lekara mujhe kRtArtha kiyA jo kucha bhI mujhako milA, saba AzIrvAda tumhArA hai| yaha kRpA beDiyoM kI hI hai, jo prabhune mujhe dulArA hai| talaghara se Atma jJAna pAyA, talaghara se samyak bhAva mile| jinakI sugaMdha jagameM phailI, bandIgRha meM ve phUla khile // 3 *** IM mm "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, saptam sopAna, pR.272 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi raghuvIra zaraNa mitra, sarga-13, pR.319 vahI

Page #100
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ___satI caMdanA mUlA mA~ ko sacce jJAna kA svarUpa dekara samajhAtI hai- he mA~ ! yaha adbhUta kRpA tumhArI hai / jIva ko sukha-duHkha dene vAlA anya koI nahIM hai / jaise isa jIvane pUrva janma meM karma kiye hai; vaise hI phala ise bhogane paDeMge / anya to nimitta mAtra hote haiN| satI caMdanA kI udAratA evaM prabhAva ke sAmane seThAnI dravita ho gyii| usane bAraMbAra caMdanA ko sraahaa| ve striyA~ dhanya hai, jinhone zIla rUpI AbhUSaNa kI surakSA kii| vAstava meM strI jAtI meM zIla kA honA paramAvazyaka hai| jaise puruSa brahmacarya ke prabhAva se devoM dvArA pUjya ho sakatA hai, vaise nArI zIla ke prabhAva se trailokya vandya ho sakatI hai| samatA mUrti caMdanA ke Adarza zIla ne use u~cA uThA diyaa| vaha devoM dvArA bhI pUjya huI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prathama ziSyA banane kA suyoga prApta kara skii| (ba) mAtA trizalAH rAnI trizalA mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahina thI, jo striyoM kI 64 kalAoM meM nipuNa thI, jisakA sarasvatI ke samAna saundarya thaa| vaha sarvaguNa saMpanna evaM rUpa lAvaNya se yukta thI / nAma thA usakA trizalA / ceTaka rAjA ne usakA vivAha kuNDagrAma ke mahArAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha kara diyaa| siddhArtha kA jIvana bhI guNoM se samalaMkRta thaa| vaha bhI jAti se kSatriya thaa| kevala talavAra kA dhanI evaM pazubala kA pujArI hI nahIM, balki ahiMsA evaM satya kA bhI upAsaka thA / ve dharma aura karma donoM kalAoM meM pAraMgata the| ve bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke zrAvaka (upAsaka) the| ahiMsA, satya Adi Atma zaktiyoM para unakA aTala vizvAsa thaa| rAjakumArI trizalA kI zAdI rAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha huI / rAnI trizalA ne kuNDapura gA~va meM caraNa rakhate hI prakRti unake anukUla hI bana gaI, usI kA advitIya citra kavine kAvya meM khIMcA hai| jaise trizalA AI varSA AI, pyAsI miTTI kI bujhI pyaas| khetiyA~ bahU~ ke svAgata meM, gA gA kara karane lagI rAsa // 2 . trizalA ne jaba gaU grAsa diye, gauoM ke dhana se cuA dUdha / pIte pIte chaka gaye sabhI, bhArata meM itanA huA dUdha // 3 *** digambara ke matAnusAra trizalA rAjA ceTaka kI lar3akI thii| "vIrAyaNa', kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.89 2-3.

Page #101
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana rAjA aura rAnI donoM hI AnaMda-ullAsa ke sAtha dAmpatya jIvana yApana kara rahe the / eka dina zayana kakSa meM donoM jana sukha kI zaiyA meM so rahe the| rAta do pahara bIta cukI thI / mahArAnI trizalA ardhasuSupta avasthA meM suMdara evaM suhAvane caudaha svapna dekhatI hai / ' zubha ghar3I ke pUrva sUcaka haiN| zrI kalpasUtra meM ina caudaha svapnoM kA manamohaka varNana paDhakara atizaya AnaMda hotA hai| ye svapna divyAtmA ke janma kA pUrva saMketa hai / jisa prakAra sukhada varSA ke pUrva zItala pavana kA jhoMkA AtA hai usI prakAra ye svapna AnevAle maMgala kI sUcanA dete haiM / rAnI trizalAne rAjA siddhArtha se rAtrimeM dekhe hue zubha svapnoM kA varNana kiyA / unako suna kara rAjA atyaMta prasanna hue| svapna pAThakoM ko bulAyA gayA unake mu~ha se maMgalakArI phala sunakara rAjA-rAnI evaM rAjasabhA harSa se khila uThI jisa prakAra ki ravi kiraNoM se puSpa vATikA khila jAtI hai / samasta rAjakula bhAvI maMgala kI zubha kalpanA se pulakita ho gayA / kavi "mitrajI" ne kAvya ke antargata janma se pUrva kA AhlAdakArI rUpa kA adbhUta citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| 86 vaizAlI meM divAlI thI, lada gaye vRkSa phala phUloM se / bAlaka bhara bhara kara lAte the, motI kUMDo ke phUloM se // er girA hIna gUMge madhukara, rasa lete the kahate kaise / jo sukuMDa meM sukha dekhe, na abhI taka phira vaise // 2 *** anAyAsa hI divya jyoti kA avataraNa hote hI sarvatra prakAza phaila gayA / yaha prakAza pazu-pakSI, jalacara, nabhacara, thalacara, nArakI, mAnava evaM deva samasta prANiyoM ko chUkara unameM AzA kI jyoti jagAne lgaa| divya saurabha se pulakita hokara vAyu manda gati se bahane lagI / vRkSa phaloM se ladakara harSa prakaTa karane lge| AkAza meM madhura vAjitroM kI rasIlI jhanakAra gU~jane lagI / prakRti nRtyAMganA kA rUpa dharakara mAnoM jhama jhama nAca rahI ho| aisA anupama prakAza, aisA madhura saMgIta, aisA asIma AnaMda divyAtmA ko janma kA saMketa thA / 1. jaina paraMparA meM mAnA gayA hai ki jaba tIrthaMkara aura cakravartI kI mahAna AtmA kisI bhAgyazAlinI mAtA garbha meM AtI hai to mAtA caudaha mahA zubha svapna dekhatI hai| digaMbara paraMparA meM 16 svapnoM kA varNana hai| " vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", caturtha sarga, pR. 96

Page #102
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi apanI icchA ko vyakta karate hue likhate hai ki divyAtmA ke janmotsava kA varNana karane ke lie maiM alpamati usa prakAza ko DhU~Dha rahA huuN| ahA, vaha amara prakAza ! usa prakAza ko netroM meM ramAkara, hRdaya meM basAkara, roma roma meM bharakara maiM kucha likha skuuNgaa| he vINAvAdinI ! he mAtA sarasvatI ! tujhase maiM vaha prakAza mA~ga rahA hU~ tU hI merI abhilASA pUrNa kara sakatI hai| merI likhanI usa prakAza ko pAkara janmotsava kA madhura naivedya prabhu caraNoM meM caDhAnA cAhate haiN| mAtRbhaktiH trizalA kI garbhAvasthA ke lagabhaga sADhe cha: mAsa hI bIte hogeM ki eka bar3A hI vicitra prasaMga ghaTita huaa| eka dina acAnaka garbhasthA zizukA halana-calana va spaMdana banda ho gyaa| kintu mAtA ke mana para usakA pratikula prabhAva pdd'aa| use bhayAnaka apazukana lagA aura vaha mauhAkula ho vilApa karane lgii| mAtA kA vilApa aura zoka putra se dekhA nahIM gyaa| socA, kahIM lAbha ke badale hAni na ho jAya, pratikula sthiti meM amRta bhI jahara kA kAma kara jAtA hai| ataH punaH halanacalana prAraMbha kara diyaa| . mAtA ke karuNa vilApa se zizu mahAvIra ke mana para yaha prabhAva huaa| ve socane lage - "mere kucha kSaNa ke viyoga kI AzaMkA se hI mA~ kA yaha hRdaya jaba isa prakAra tar3apane lagA aura hAhAkAra karane lagA hai to maiM jaba bar3A hokara pravrajita hoU~gA to mA~ ke manakI kyA sthiti hogI? mAtA ko kitanI asahya pIr3A aura kitanA dArUNa saMtApa hogA ? mAtA ke hRdaya ko yoM taDapAnA kyA ucita hogaa|" mAtRsneha se AhalAdita mahAvIra ne saMkalpa kara liyA-"jaba taka mAtA pitA jIvita rahege, maiM unakI sevA karU~gA, inakI A~kho ke sAmane gRhatyAga kara zramaNa nahIM bnuuNgaa|" vAtsalyaH __kaviyone vAtsalya manobhAvoM kAadbhUta citraNa kAvya meM citrita kiyA hai| unake vAtsalyamaya citraNa meM mamatAmayI mAtA ke snehapUrNa hRdaya kI vyAkulatA aura autsukya kI vyaMjanA suMdara rUpa meM prastuta kI hai| mAtA trizalA putra ko pAlane meM jhulAtI, dulArAtI aura loriyA~ sunAtI thii| bAlaka kI zArIrika ceSTAoM ko dekhakara bhItara hI bhItara eka nayA hI AnaMda anubhava karatI thii| bAlaka vardhamAna jaba nanheM nanheM pAvoM se DagamagAkara calatA taba sabhI AnaMda magna ho jaate| kavine una kI aMgopAMga kI 1. (ka) kalpasUtra-87 (kha) triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa caritra parva-10, sarga-2.

Page #103
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana krIDAoM kA kAlpanika sajIva citraNa kiyA hai zizu kabhI goda meM ha~satA thA, godI se kabhI nikalatA thaa| upara ko kabhI uchalatA thA, zaiyA se kabhI phisalatA thaa| jo AtI yaha zizu ko letI, hara mAtA ke sukha detA thaa| vaha sudhA sabhI ko detA thA, vaha bheMTa prema kI letA thaa| *** Ate the muskAna chor3ate ghuTaruna calakara pAsa, mAtA trizalA kA baDhatA thA dekha-dekha ullaas| bAlaka ke choTe caraNa, choTe hAtha evaM suMdara mukha aise lagate the mAno aruNa kusuma khile hoN| aura jaba una aMgo kA pratibiMba sphaTika AMgana meM par3atA taba to svaccha sarovara meM khile hue lAla kamaloM kA dRzya upasthita ho jAtA / jaba bAlaka apanI parachAI ko darpaNa yA sphaTika AMganameM dekhakara use pakar3ane kI ceSTA karatA to mAtA trizalA apane lAla ko harSa vibhora hokara goda meM le letI jhUlemeM A~kheM kholakara jaba vaha dekhatA to aisA lagatA ki koI divya tArA AkAza se dharatI para utara gayA ho| koI use pyAra se uchAlate, koI godameM lete, koI mevA miThAI khilaate| bAlaka kI saralatA saba ko mohita krtii| usakI sahaja ha~sI daHkha mukta kara detii| usakI totalI bolI bar3I mIThI lgtii| zizu vardhamAna sabakA sneha pAtra thaa| saba kA nayana tArA thaa| vAstava meM kavi gaNa kAvya ke aMtargata bAlaka kI ceSTAoM kA evaM vAtsalya kA citraNa karane meM khare utare haiN| 3 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitra, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.105 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi gupta, sarga-1, pR.28. sAmAnya loka-vyavahArakI dRSTi se garbhastha zizukA ciMtana aura AcaraNa itanA vikasita ho pAnA kaThina va asaMgata laga sakatA hai, kintu hameM bhUla nahIM jAnA hai ki mahAvIra eka lokottara puruSa ke rupa meM avatarita hue / garbhadazAmAM unheM tIna jJAAna-mati jJAna, zruta evaM avadhijJAna prApta the| unake jIvana kI agaNita alaukika ghaTanAoM kI kar3ImeM hI yaha ghaTanA jur3I huI hai| digaMbara paraMparA isa ghaTanA para sarvathA mauna hai|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 89 yauvana ke dvAra para pahu~cate vardhamAna mahAvIra gaMbhIra ciMtaka sAtha hI zAnti samatA evaM karUNA kI sajIva mUrti ke rUpa meM samAja meM camaka uThe the| mAtA-pitA ne mahAvIra ke vivAha kA vicAra kiyaa| ve cAhate the ki vardhamAna kI yaha ati gaMbhIratA aura ati zAntapriyatA TUTanI cAhie aura isakA sahaja manovaijJAnika upAya hai vivAha / yauvana kA svataMtra upabhoga / ve bhUla gaye the, vardhamAna isI janma meM vItarAga tIrthaMkara banane vAle haiM, unakI vRtti meM na moha hai na rAga, na bhoga kI AkAMkSA aura na kisI prakAra kA bhautika AkarSaNa / unake andara to anaMta karUNA, nispRhatA, vairAgya, asIma samatA kA sAgara laharA rahA hai| trizalA ne jaba mahAvIra kI AdhyAtmika jAgRti kA saMvAda sunA to unakA mAtRtva macala utthaa| mamatA utAvalI ho uThI aura usake manaHprANa zUnya ho gaye / vaha socane lagI- rAjasI vaibhava meM palA merA lAr3alA bIhar3a vana parvatoM meM kisa prakAra vicaraNa karegA ? grISma ke kar3e saMtApa ko kaise sahana karegA ? jisane Ajataka makhamala ko choDakara naMgI bhUmi para caraNa bhI nahIM rakhA, vaha kaMTAkAkIrNa bhUmi meM kisa prakAra gamana karegA ? zIta Rtu saritA taToM para kaise vicaraNa karegA ? jaba mUsaladhAra varSA hogI taba kisa prakAra khule AkAza meM sAdhanA kara sakegA ? kavi mA~ kI aMtaHkaraNa kI vedanA ko vyakta karate hue kAvya meM likhate hai ki - jaba ghaharAyeMge nabha meM 1. 2. pR. 114 varSA ke bAdala tama phaila rahA gaharA bhU para kAlA kAjala / 1 *** tU sisaka uThegA dekha hAya ho vikala manA "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, tRtIyasarga, pR. 114 vahIM, bhU para utaregI chA~ha vyathA kI pIra ghanA / 2 ***

Page #105
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kahA~ to mere putra kI sukumAratA aura komalatA, aura kahA~ kaMkarIlI kaThora dharatI ? tapta zilAkhaNDoM para baiThakara Atma ciMtana karanA, kyA sukumAra mahAvIra se saMbhava hogA ? hAthiyoM kI ciMghAr3a, siMhoM kI garjanA, evaM sarpo ke utkaTa phUtkAroM ko yaha kaise sahana kara sakegA ? merA hRdaya AzaMkA se dahala rahA hai aura merA roma-roma kAMpa rahA hai / mAtA trizalA kI vicAradhArA meM moha kI tIvratA bar3hI / usakI socane kI tIvratA ne unheM mUrcchita kara diyA / jaba trizalA kI mUrcchA ttuuttii| cetanA ke lauTate hI putra vAtsalya umar3a pdd'aa| unheM sArA saMsAra rukSa, karkaza aura kaThora pratIta huaa| sArA dRzya marmasparzI thaa| mAtA lar3akhar3AtI huI uThI aura saMtapta hRdaya se mahAvIra to DhU~Dhane lagI / mahAvIra ko dRDha saMkalpa se vairAgya ke prati kaTibaddha ho cUke the / unake aMtaraMga meM vItarAgatA kI untAla taraMge uTha rahI thI aura yaha saMsAra unheM svArtho kA jalatA huA puJja dikhAI par3a rahA thA / 90 indra ko avadhijJAna se tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI virakti kA samAcAra jJAta huA / vaha ullasita hokara zIghra hI kuNDagrAma A pahu~cA aura kaI prakAra se harSotsavoM kA Ayojana kiyA / deva vibhinna prakAra se utsavoM kA Ayojana karate hu mahAvIra ke vairAgya kI zlAdhA karane lge| Agata devoM ne mAtA trizalA ko vihvala dekhA to ve hRdaya kI prazaMsA karate hue sAMtvanA ke svara meM kahane lage, mAtR "jananI hokara bhI jAna na pAI tuma bole tuma dhanya ki suta kI mamatA ke bandhana khole // 1 *** mA~ karo moha kA tyAga dharma kA ho sAdhana kevala virakta hI karate rahate ArAdhana / / ' *** 1. 2. "jagadambe ! tIrthaMkara kI mAtA hokara Apane mahAna puNya arjita kiyA hai / ApakA putra parama tejasvI aura vizva kA kalyANakAraka hai / Apa itanA vilApa kyoM karatI hai ? cintA chor3iye / zIta, Atapa aura varSA kA kaSTa sahana karane kA usameM apUrva sAmarthya hai| ve dhIraja ke dhanI haiM aura samasta udAtta guNoM se sampanna hai| tumhArI kukSi dhanya "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, tRtIyasarga, pR. 117 vahIM, pR. 119 d z z

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai| tumane eka lokoddhAraka vibhUti ko janma diyA hai| saMsAra zatAbdiyoM taka tumhArI caraNa vaMdanA kregaa| devi ! tumhAre samAna saubhAgyazAlI nAriyA~ kitanI hai ? ataeva vAstavika paristhiti ko jJAta kara zAnta ho jaaiye|" devoM kI isa sAMtvanApada vANI ko sunakara mAtA kA mana kucha zAMta huaa| phira bhI putra-viyoga kI kalpanA ina kSaNoM meM bhI unheM vihvala banAtI rhii| unheM vizvAsa nahIM hotA thA ki usakA lADalA mahAvIra vana kI una bhayAvanI sthitiyoM kA sAmanA kara sakegA ? rAjasI vAtAvaraNa meM pAlita-poSita aura sambardhita mahAvIra tapazcaryA meM honevAle kaSToM ko sahana kara sakegA? idhara trizalA kA mAtRtva use vihvala kara rahA thA / A~khoM meM sAvana-bhAdoM ke bAdala ghire hue the| mana mamatA meM ubala rahA thA aura udhara mahAvIra kI dIkSA kalyANakakI taiyArI ho rahI thii| devoM ne vilakhate hue mAtRtva ko sAMtvanA dI aura mahAvIra kI zaktiyoM kA parijJAna kraayaa| zvetAMbara matAnusAra likhe gaye kAvya ke antargata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtApitA kA svargavAsa hone ke do varSa pazcAt bhagavAna ne dIkSA grahaNa kii|unke mAtA-pitA ne aMtima samaya meM caturvidha AhAra kA tyAgakara saMllekhanA grahaNa kI aisA ullekha hai| (ka) yazodA : bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pANigrahaNa mahAsAmanta samavIra kI kanyA yazodA ke sAtha huA / ' unakA rUpa atyaMta suMdara thA, dharma evaM rAjanIti kA unheM ucita jJAna thaa| vardhamAna kumAra ke lie saba prakAra se rAjakumArI yazodA yogya thI / yadyapi rAjakumAra vardhamAna ko zAdI kI icchA nahIM thI para mAtA kA bAra bAra Agraha hone para unake komala hRdaya ko kisI prakAra se Thesa na phuNce| ataH vivAha ko taiyAra hue| unake manameM dIkSA se adhika mAtA-pitA kI sevA kA mahatva thA / unako garbhAvasthAse avagata thA ki mA~ kA mere prati adhika sneha rhegaa| ataH unake jIvita rahate meM dIkSA grahaNa nahIM karU~gA, aisI pratijJA mAtA ke garbha meM hI le cuke the| mAtA kI aisI paristhiti ko jAnakara dIkSA ke Agraha kI Dora unhone DhIlI chor3a dii| ve mauna ho gye| isa mauna ko svIkRti mAnakara mAtA trizalA ne dhUmadhAma se rAjakumAra vardhamAna kA vivAha yazodA se kara diyaa| di. paraMparA ke kucha kAvya graMthoMmeM vardhamAna kI pravrajyA ke samaya mAtA pitA ke jIvita hone tathA trizalA ke karUNa vilApa kA kAvyAtmaka citrAMkana kiyA gayA hai-kavi gupta, mitra, aura sakalakIrtike kAvyoM meM varNita hai| zve. matAnusAra mAtA-pitAke svargavAsa ke bAda mahAvIrane dIkSAgrahaNa kii| di. paraMparA ke AcAryoM ne mahAvIra ke vivAha sambandha kA niSedha karake unheM A janma brahmacArI batAyA hai|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vivAha ke pazcAt yazodA ne svayaM ko mahAvIra ke prati sarvathA samarpita hI nahIM kara diyA kintu unakI dharma sAdhanA meM sadA sarvAtma bhAva se sahayoga diyA aura nArI purUSa dharma-sahAyikA hotI hai, isa tathya ko pratyakSa siddha kara diyaa| samaya para eka putrI kA janma huA, jisakA nAma priyadarzanA rakhA gayA / zikSA dikSA pUrNa karane ke pazcAt priyadarzanA kA vivAha usI nagara ke kSatriyakumAra jamAli ke sAtha kara diyA gayA / sAMsArika pravRttiyoM se nivRtta hokara patnI, bandhu Adi parivArajanoM se AjJA lekara mahAvIra ne gRhatyAga kA nirNaya kiyA / yazodA kA viraha : 92 patideva kA nirNaya sunakara rAnI yazodA mUrcchita ho gyii| kaviyoM ne mahAkAvyoM meM yazodA ke viraha kA citraNa bar3e hI sajIva rUpa se aMkita kiyA hai / jisa samaya yazodA ne priyatama mahAvIra kA pravrajyA kA prastAva sunA to vaha apanI priya putrI priyadarzanA ke sAtha A pahu~cI aura vinata svara meM bolI, "Arya, Apa Aja kisI gaMbhIra vicAra meM lIna haiM ? para kyA abhI Apane pravrajyA - grahaNa ke dIrgha vicAroM ko chor3A nahIM hai ? nAtha ! yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ki Apa hameM chor3akara cale jAyeM ? zazi ke binA nizA kaise suzobhita ho sakatI ? ApakA jAnekA vicAra hI hameM vyAkula banAye DAlatA hai| rAjakumArI yazodA duHkhI svara meM apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karatI huI kahatI hainAtha ApakI maiM arddhAMgina / kaise dUra karoMge svAmI, aMga aMga meM aMgina // merI sA~sa sA~sa meM tuma ho, hara dhaDakana meM base hue / tana kI vINA praNaya nAda meM, tAra tAra meM kaise hue // 1 *** svAmI, Apa cale gaye to hamArI kyA dazA hogI ? jala ke abhAva meM honevAlI vedanA kA anubhava machalI hI kara sakatI hai aura idhara nanhI sI priyadarzanA bhI apane pitA ke uttarIya vastra ke palle ko pakar3akara sahaja hI bAla bhASA meM kahatI hai- "maiM kabhI na jAne dU~gI, aapko| idhara rAjakumArI yazodA pala pala meM aneka praznoM ko ubhAratI huI mana hI mana meM socatI hai-' " 'bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodAviraha", sarga -15, pR.163

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana aise hI jAnA thA tajakara to kyoM mujhako le lAe ? to kyA mere antarmana meM TIsa jagAne ko lAe ? *** 1. 2. 3. mere lie mahala kA jIvana, zUla bharA hai pIr3A sthala / bina svAmI ke naraka tulya hai, nAgoM kA hai krIDA-sthala // 2 *** bhagavAna mahAvIra mauna mudrA ko bhaMga karate hue zAMta aura gaMbhIra svara meM bole"devI ! tuma kyoM vyartha hI cintA karatI ho ? tumheM saMsAra meM kisa vastu kI kamI hai ? maiM apanI smRti ke rUpa meM priyadarzanA ko tumheM sauMpa hI calA hU~ / mujhe aba apanA kAma karane do| moha, mAyA aura mamatA ke bandhana mujhe apriya lagate haiM, khalate haiN| mujhe inheM tor3anA hai aura bhalA yaha saba pravrajita huye binA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai ?" dIkSA grahaNa ke pazcAt prabhu ko vihAra ke lie udyata dekha, priya yazodA aura janatA ke diloM ko udAsInatA ne ghera liyA / prabhu ke viraha kA anubhava kara yazodA zoka-sindhu meM DUbane-utarAne lagI / kavi guptajI, yodheyajI tathA zarmAjI sabhI kaviyoM ne yazodA kI viraha vedanA kA bar3A hI mArmika citraNa kiyA hai pala pala kATa rahI hU~ jaise jala bina mIna taDapatI hai| cakavI jaise rAta-rAta bhara priya se bichur3a kalapatI hai // kauna samajhatA, kisakA duHkha hai, jisa para bItI vahI jAnatA / auroM kA upahAsa sarala hai, svayaM bhogatA, tabhI mAnatA / / *** ( 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra", kavi yodheyajI, vidA kI velA, sopAna- 3, pR. 125 vahI, pR. 126 << 'bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha", sarga - 15, pR. 164 93

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94 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana yazodA kI A~khoM se A~sUoM kI vegavatI dhArA pravAhita ho rahI thii| sarvatra janatA meM nirAzA chA gayI thii| udhara vistRta rAja-pATa saba ko ThukarAkara sva-para kalyANa ke lie saMyama tathA tapasyA ke mahA patha para dRDhatA ke sAtha mahAvIra ne apane kadama Age bddhaaye| idhara virahiNI yazodA priya ke viraha meM chaTapaTA rahI hai, he nAtha ! maiM jidhara dekhatI hU~ udhara ApakA rUpa kaNa kaNa meM dikhAI detA hai| hara padArtha meM ApakI yaza kI suvAsa nihita hai jidhara dekhatI, rUpa ApakA, kaNa kaNa meM hI vAsa hai| phUla-phUla meM nAtha, Apa ke yaza kI parama suvAsa hai| anila urmi sparza ApakA, nirjhara kala-kala vaannii| hara vikAsa meM smita prabhu kI, jaga sukhakara klyaannii|| *** ekAnta meM vaha nirjana prakRti ke zAnta rUpa ko nihAratI hai| unheM jhIla meM priyatama kI parachAI evaM nabhazazi-tArA sabhI meM priyatama kA pratibiMba dikhAI detA hai| unake nAma mAtra ke uccAraNa se duSkara se duSkara kaSTa bhI samApta ho jAtA haiN| kabhI apanI priyadarzanA ko saMbodhita karatI huI atIta kI smRti meM kho jAtI hai, aura kahatI hai, "he beTI ! prabhu ke guNa gaale| tere pitA jaga ke hita sUrya bane haiN| usI upalakSa meM prabhu ke maMgala parva hama saba milakara mnaaleN|" kabhI sakhI ko kahatI hai, "he sakhi ! mere sukhada svapna priya ke sAtha cale gaye, guDDI maiMna nabha meM tanI thI, vaha zithila hAtha rUpI Dora se kaTa gayI, aura dekha, vaha candra ke sAtha bhI kalA lagI hai| maiM aisI hata bhAginI hU~ ki mujhe nAtha choDakara cale gye|'' kavi zarmAjI ne yazodA vilApa kA dRzya bar3e hI karUNa rUpa se vyakta kiyA hai hAya sakhI ! kaise kahU~ ? sukhada svapna priya saath| gur3I tanI nabha meM kaTI, zithila Dora hai hAtha / / dekhoM rI candra hai, kalA lagI hai saath| maiM esI hata bhAginI, tyAga gaye haiM nAtha // 2 *** "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha", sarga-15, pR.163 vahI, pR.163 se 164 2.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana he svAmI ! mujhe darzana kaba deoge ? maiM viraha ke agAdha samudra meM DubI huI huuN| Apa kaba taka Akara pAra utAroMge ? jala bina machalI kA taDapanA, cakravA ke binA cakravI kA rAtabhara viyoga meM kraMdana karanA eka svayaM kI anubhUti hai| svayaM kA duHkha svayaM vaise hI jAna sakatA hai jaise vyakti paira kI bibAI phaTane para hI pIr3A kA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai| he sakhi ! maiM tere paira par3atI hU~ binA pitA kI goda putrI ko uz2ar3I uz2ar3I dikhAI detI hai| binA vRkSa kI bela kI taraha mujha abhAgina kI sthiti aisI hai, jaise piMjar3e meM par3I huI pakSiNI / apanI vyathA kahanA asaMbhava hai auroM kA upahAsa sarala hai, svayaM bhogatA tabhI maantaa| phaTI nahIM ho paira bibAI, nahIM jAnatA pIra praaii|| piMjar3e meM ho baMdha pakSiNI, vyathA nahIM kaha paatii| cupa cupa rotI hai ura meM hI, binA tela ke jyoM baatii| 2 *** kabhI anila se priya kA saMdeza lAne ko kahatI hai to kabhI nabha kI pari se| hai caMdramA ! yahA~ kyoM camakatA hai| jahA~ mere deva hai vahA~ jAkara prakAza kr| apanI vyathA ko sabhI ko alaga-alaga kahatI huI apane priyatama kA saMdeza pUchatI hai| he prabhu ! maiM nArI Apako bhUla nahIM sktii| maiM Apake lie pratidina yahI maMgala kAmanA karatI haiM ki ApakA tapa saphala ho aura sabakA kalyANa ho / Apa tapasyA kI agni meM tapakara sabakI jalana dUra kreNge| kavine yazodA kI vihara vedanA kA varNana kiyA hai vaha laukika na hokara alaukika prema hai, kyoMki mahAvIra sAdhAraNa purUSa nahIM the aura unake sAtha sambandha nArI sAmAnya nahIM thii| yazodA ko mahApuNyodaya se bhagavAna kI priyA banane kA saubhAgya prApta huA thaa| yazodA ke bhagavAna ke prati anunaya vinaya meM unake antara kI nizcala aura alaukika bhAvanA prakaTa hotI hai| vaha apane priyatama ko kisI na kisI prakAra prApta karanA cAhatI hai| prakRti ke pratyeka kaNa-kaNa meM use khojane kA prayAsa karatI hai, "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha', sarga-15 pR.164 vahI 2.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ari anila paradeza se AI hai gtimaan| kaha priya kA saMdeza kucha, kuzala kSema bhagavAna / ' *** jArI nabha kI parI priya se kaha sNdesh| gaurI aba kAlI par3I, base kauna se deza // 2 *** kintu priya ke na milane para AzA nahIM TUTatI hai| vaha socatI hai anAyasa hI kabhI phUla khila uThege / kavikA kahanA hai ki vedanA kI avirala jvalana zItalatA satya kA anAvaraNa karatI hai| A~sU kI vedanA kalyANI zItala jvAlA bana jAtI hai vedanA hI nirAzA meM AzA kI kiraNa camakatI hai jise mahAkavi bhI Abaddha nahIM rkhte| apanI nirAzA meM se vizva-kalyANa kI dRSTi karatA hai| isIlie A~sU kI nirAzA jIvana meM pragati kA saMketa karatI haiN| kaviyoM ne prakRti ke mAdhyama se yazodA ke viraha varNana meM bhAvoM kI abhivyakti suMdara DhaMga se kI hai| cAMdanI, uSA, saMdhyA, vedanA, ullAsa, Adi ko pratIka banAkara anupama citraNa kie haiM dekha arI kucha sUrajasA hai, karatA AtA zubhra prkaash| lagatA hai mere svAmI hI, pahu~ca rahe haiM nabha ke pAsa // 3 *** dekha anAdhina sI kalikA murajhAIsI binA khilI sii| zaizava meM bhI nahIM kilakatI, gumasuma sI hai hoTha-silI sii|| *** yazodA kA vyaktitva sasIma se asIma kI ora, vyaSTi se samaSTi kI ora vikasita hotA hai| yahA~ prema puSTa, prAMjila evaM gaMbhIra hokara kavi kI aMtara sAdhanA ke rUpa meM prastuta huA hai| jisa ke mAdhyama se kavi nijI jIvana ke aneka mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa karatA hai| "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha", sarga-15, pR.165 vahI, pR.165 vahI, pR.165 vahI, pR.164

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97 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kalyANI yazodAH viyoginI yazodA kI bhAvabhUmi urdhvagati prApta karatI hai| apanI bhAvAbhivyakti karatI huI kahatI hai ki jIvana meM tyAga hI sabase bar3A dhana hai| usake binA kisane phala pAyA ? binA tape urvaratA kaise A sakatI hai ? jisa prakAra dharatI ke tapane se hI bIja utpanna hotA hai, sUraja ke tapane se hI megha utpanna hotA hai usI prakAra mere svAmI ke tapa tapane se hI jagata sukhI ho skegaa| ve bhAvukatA me yahI socatI hai kahIM maiM badalI banI jAtI to sArI dhUpa nija ura meM jhelatI aura zItala bana prabhu para tana jaatii| priyatama kI sahayogI banakara sAtha calane kI AkAMkSA karatI hai, jisase patideva ko kaSTa na pahu~ce tuma tapa karane ko jAte ho, maiM badalI banakara sAtha clii| tuma ko na dhUpa lagane pAye, isalie dhUpa meM svayaM bnii| prabhu tuma jisa patha se jAoge, merI kAyA chAyA hogii| mere prabhu bAla-brahmacArI, pUjA merI mAyA hogii|' *** pati kI zubhecchA (janakalyANa kI bhAvanA): yazodA ke hRdaya ke aMtaHsthala ko chUkara bAhara nikalatI huI dhvani mAno kahatI hai ki-he jJAnezvara! Apa jagata kA bhalA karo, jIva mAtra kI balA harakara sabako sukhI kro| maiM jagata ke hita ke lie duHkha sahana kara lU~gI kintu merI cintA mata karanA maiM Apake binA kisI bhI prakAra se raha luuNgii| ApakA mArga maMgalamaya ho| he prabhu ! maiM yahI cAhatI hU~ ki Apake guNa gAkara puNya ko bddhaauuN| sadaiva ApakI pUjA karatI rhuuN| merA zubha dina, zubha ghar3I kaba Aye, ki maiM Apake darzanakara dhanya ho jAU~ aura Apake caraNoM meM nyochAvara hokara ApameM hI khojaauuN| bhagavAna tumhAre guNa gA gA, kucha apane puNya bddhaauuNgii| bhagavAna tumhAre caraNoM meM pUjA ke puSpa cddhaauuNgii| mere svAmI darzana degeM, maiM dhanya ho jaauuNgii| caraNoM meM nyochAvara hokara, unake patha meM kho jAU~gI // 2 *** | 1. 2. "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "vanapatha', sarga-10, pR.255 vahI, pR.256

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi isa prasaMga dvArA yaha saMdeza prastuta karatA hai ki jo patnI pati ko ucita mArga para jAne meM rokatI hai vaha saccI ardhAMginI nahIM hotI / saccI patnI vahI hai jo maMgalamaya kArya meM sAtha de / yazodA dhanya huI ki use prabhu ke caraNoM meM dAsI banane kA sobhAgya prApta huaa| patidarzana se pUrva ke bhAvaH he sakhi ! Aja maine subaha meM eka svapna dekhA, uSAkAla kA ramaNIya prahara thaa| suMdara zikhara dekhA, usake pAsa meM zAla vRkSa kI zItala chAyA thI aura pRSTa bhUmi para samudra laharA rahA thaa| nIraja dala ke siMhAsana para prabhuko tapasyA kI agni meM tapate hue dekhaa| indra aura aganita suravara birAjita the| mukhamaNDalapara tejasvitA dikhAI de rahI thii| sura, muni aura nara janoM ko jApa karate hue dekhA / maiMne prabhu ke caraNoM meM zIza jhukAyA thaa| prabhu kI dRSTi kRpA se bharI huI thii| unhoMne mere sira para hAtha pheraa| anAyAsa hI nIMda khula gyii| saverA ho gyaa| hAya sakhI ! maiM kyoM jaga gaI ? kyoM rAta bIta gaI ? maiM yahI cAhatI hU~ ki svapna meM bhI pratidina prabhu ke darzana milate rheN| svAmI kI jaya ho, dharma kI va vizvazAnti kI jaya ho, yuddha miTa jAya, durguNa naSTa ho jAya aura jagata meM mAnavatA kI sadA vijaya ho| maiM prasanna hU~ mere, pati ne vizva ke jIva ke lie gRhastha jIvana ke sukha tyAga die| ____ yazodA ekAMta meM baiThI huI hai| maMda maMda surabhita zItala havA cala rahI hai| mana meM utsAha hai, harSa hai aura AzA hai ki priya jarUra pdhaareNge| use AtmAnubhUti hotI hai ki prabhu tapa meM saphala hue haiN| unhoMne samAdhi se nayana khola diye haiN| unakI amRtavANI kI varSA meM vizva ke mAnava pahalI bAra bhIga rahe ho, aisA AtmabhAva aura vizvAsa mujhe pratIta hotA hai / he sakhi ! Aja merA vAma aMga phaDaka rahA hai| zubha zukana se hRdaya meM AzA kA saMcAra ho rahA hai| sakhi! AratI, sajA, dIpa jalA, aura maMgala ghaTameM dUba, pavitra puSpa, dahI, rolI aura paTTa para akSata, tAmbUla, naivedya, puMgaphala, dhUpadAna Adi sajAye / Aja mere bhAgya jage haiM aura vaizAlI kI raja bhI kRtya kRtya ho gaI hai| tabhI anAyAsa hI jaya ho, jaya ho kI dhvani sunAI dene lgii| bhagavAna mahAvIra padhAre haiN| satya dharma kI vijaya ho| Aja yazodA bhagavAna mahAvIra ko pAkara dhanya dhanya ho gii| vaizAlI nagarI bhI dhanya ho gaI ki vahA~ Aja tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke pavitra caraNa pdd'e| dIrghAvadhi se bATa dekhatI dekhatI Aja yazodA kA svapna sAkAra huaa| prabhu ke padArpaNa se vaizAlI ke kaNa

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kaNa meM amRta kI varSA huI / zuSka pRthvI para hariyAlI chA gayI Aja vaizAlI kI nagarI bAhya upakaraNoM se hI nahIM para satya, ahiMsA ke guNoM se bhI suzobhita ho rahI hai| (Da) zacI (indrANI): jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ke garbha meM Ane ke samaya se hI indrANI sevAmeM laga jAtI hai| janma ke bAda to indrANI sarvAdhika prasanna hotI hai| garbhagRha se bAlaka ko abhiSeka ke lie lAtI hai| ___tIrthaMkara kA janma saMpUrNa prANI jagata ke lie maMgalamaya hotA hai, isalie unake janma-prasaMga para manuSya hI nahIM, svarga ke deva-deviyA~, indra evaM indrANI taka khuzI manAte haiN| vIra bhagavaMta ke janma se agaNita yAtanAoM meM satata duHkhI nArakI jIvoM ko bhI usa kSaNa caina kI sA~sa milatI hai| samasta kuNDagrAma meM AnaMda bherI bajane lagatI hai| yahA~ kavine zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya meM bhagavAna ke janma ke samaya zacI ke hRdaya meM huA bhAvollAsa kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai lie ura meM adbhUta ullAsa zacI bhI AI vibhu ke paas| arcanA karate zata zata bAra - TekatI dharatI para thI maath| *** indrANI mana hI mana apane Apa ko dhanya samajhatI hai ki mujhe tIrthaMkara aura tIrthaMkara kI mAtA kI sevA-pUjA karane kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai| svarga kI indrANI, anya deviyA~ Akara bhAvapUrvaka vaMdanA karatI hai| zraddhA se bhagavAna ke caraNo meM puSpa, naivaidya caDhAtI hai| kavine kAvya meM anumodanIya citraNa aMkita kiyA hai AI indrANI anya deviyA~ AI kara rahI vaMdanA hilamila kare sukhdaaii| surarAja indranata vinata zaraNa meM jAkara kI vinata vandanA zraddhAphUla caDhAkara - 2 ** * "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi yodheyajI, prathama sopAna, pR.68. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra": kavi guptajI, sarga-5, pR.198 2.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tIrthaMkara kA janma huA aisA avadhijJAna se jJAta hote hI saudharma kA indrAsana svayaM prakampita ho utthaa| vaha tatkAla indrANI tathA devagaNa Adi parivAra ko sAtha lekara nRtyagAna karatA huA kuNDalapura AyA / usane rAjabhavana meM apUrva maMgala utsava kA Ayojana kiyA / kuNDagrAma kA kaNa-kaNa devotsavoM se ninAdita aura anuguMjita ho uThA / indra-indrANI, mAtA trizalA bhI karabaddha hokara bhaktipUrvaka stuti karane lage : phira paMcaratna kA cUrNa sumaMgala le kara sAthiyA banAyA indrANI ne bhUpara yokara vidhivata ahanta vIra kA pUjana karate indrANI aura indra stuti vaMdana / ' -- *** 100 karabaddha khar3e natazIza dhyAna meM lInA vandana svara phUTe aura baja uThI vINA surapati kI bhakti agAdha vIra ke Age dhyAnAvasthita the kintu eka kSaNa jAge *** indrANI stuti karane ke pazcAt bAlaka ke alaukika zArIrika saundarya ko dekhakara mana hI mana atyaMta prasannatA kA anubhava karatI hai| usake hRdaya meM bAlaka ke prati vAtsalya umar3a par3atA hai / usIkA camatkArapUrNa varNana kavine kuzalatA se kiyA haiA indrANI indra ne, liyA goda meM lAla / ratnoM kI varSA huI, bhare sabhI ke thAla // Aye yogI santa jana, Aye siddha mahAna / godI ke bhagavAna meM muniyoM kA dhyAna // 3 vIra prabhu kI lIlA aparaMpAra hai / jise koI jAna nahIM sakatA / kavi apanI lekhanI dvArA varNana karane meM bhI asamartha hai| svarga ke indra bhI usI lIlA kA varNana karane meM bhI asamartha hai / indrANI kA jIvana dhanya hai ki jise bhagavAna kI sevA suzrusA karane kA 1. 2. 3. " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra " : kavi guptajI, sarga-5, vahI "vIrAyaNa", kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga - 4, pR. 98 pR. 199

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 101 svarNa avasara prApta huA hai| mahAna puNyodaya se indrANI pada prApta hotA hai| indra-indrANI aura anya deva-deviyA~ bhaktipUrvaka bAra-bAra bhagavAna kI stuti karate haiN| tadantara indrANI vIra bAlaka ke zarIra para tela kA mardana karatI hai jisakA citraNa kavine kAvya meM suMdara DhaMga se kiyA hai puna stuti karate jor3e hAtha indra ne pUrNa vinaya ke saath| zacI ne liyA sugandhita telahAtha se cupar3e zizu ke gAta // * ** indra-indrANIne rAjA siddhArtha kA sanmAna kiyaa| zvetAmbara matAnusAra indrANIne mAtA trizalA ko pramugdha kara zIghra sulA diyaa| nava jAta zizu ko prasuti gRha se bAhara le aaii| digambara matAnusAra indrANIne mAtA trizalA ke mAyAvI zIzu banAkara rkhaa| vahA~ se sabhIne sumeruM parvata para abhiSeka ke lie prasthAna kiyA: ati pramugdha ho gaI zacI arU, jananI ko druta sulA diyA lekara zizu ko goda svarNa girI, para sabane prasthAna kiyaa| *** letI thI zizu kA pyAra, bharA mukha cumbana zizu ke prakAza se AhalAdita the tana-mana nabha-patha se hokara cala lie jaba bAlaka jyoM divya jyoti ho nIlAmbara me laka-daka *** mr lh "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "janma kalyANaka", sopAna-1, pR.70 * bhagavAna mahAvIra, kavi zarmA, "divya zakti avataraNa", sarga-3, pR.33 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.14. sh

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102 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana indra usa bAla tIrthaMkara ko goda meM lekara airAvata hAthI para ArUDha ho sumerU parvata para gaye aura zizu kA abhiSeka kiyaa| abhiSeka ke pazcAt jaba indrANI tIrthaMkara kumAra kA zarIra poMcha rahI thI taba tIrthaMkara ke kapAla-jala binduoM ko sukhAne meM asamartha ho rahI thii| jyoM jyoM poMchatI thI, kapola-jala bindu tyoM tyoM adhika camakane lagate the| yaha prakriyA hote indrANI ko paryApta Azcarya huaa| isa prakAra bhramita indrANI kA kavine suMdara zabda citra prastuta kiyA hai - bAra bAra poMchatI zacI, lAla ke gaal| pagalI ! yaha pAnI nahIM, yaha gahanoM kI jaal|| * ** bAloM para bijalI nahIM ho mata jJAnI aceta / kuMDala tere kAna ke camaka rahe hai zveta // 2 indrANI kI bhrAnti dUra hone meM vilamba nahIM huA, bhrAMti kA svayameva nivAraNa ho gyaa| kyoMki vAstava meM ve jala kI bUMde nahIM thI apitu indrANI ke AbhUSaNoM kI pratibimba hI jhalaka rahA thA jo tIrthaMkara ke svaccha badana para camakakara jala binduoM kI bhrAMti utpanna kara rahA thaa| indrANI ne abhiSeka ke anantara bAlaka ko jananI trizalA kI goda meM diyA aura indrane stutipUrvaka tANDava nRtya kiyaa| nagara meM atyaMta vizeSa utsava huaa| indra-indrANI Adi apane-apane sthAna ko cale gye| *** "vIrAyaNa", "kavi mitrajI', sarga-4, pR.98 vahI 2.

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tRtIya adhyAya prabaMdho kA bhAvapakSa (a) vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA (ba) prabaMdhoM meM jainadarzana (ka) prabaMdho meM rASTrIya bhAvanA (Da) (i) (I) ( u ) (U) mahAvIrakAlIna yugIna paristhitiyA~ prabaMdho meM nArI bhAvanA prabaMdho meM prakRti-citraNa prabaMdho meM rasa- darzana atizaya

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104 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA vaidika dharmAnuyAyI saMpradAya kA virodhI zramaNa saMpradAya mAnA gayA hai| sambhavataH vaidika saMpradAya se pUrva kisI na kisI rUpa meM usakA astitva maujUda thA / zramaNa saMpradAya kI zAkhAe~ prazAkhAe~ aneka thI, jinase sAMkhya, bauddha, jaina, AjIvaka Adi ke nAma suviditi haiN| kAlAntara meM jo vaidika saMpradAya kI virodhI bhI ve eka dUsare kAraNoM se dhIre dhIre vaidika saMpradAya dhulamila gyiiN| udAharaNa ke taura para hama vaiSNava aura zaiva saMpradAya ko le sakate haiN| purAne vaiSNava aura zaiva graMtha kevala vaidika saMpradAya se bhinna hI na the, apitu usakA virodha bhI karate the / aura isa kAraNa ke vaidika saMpradAya ke samarthaka AcArya bhI purAne vaiSNava aura zaiva graMthoM ko veda virodhI mAnakara unheM vedabAhya mAnate the| para Aja hama dekha sakate haiM ki unhIM vaiSNava aura zaiva saMpradAya kI zAkhA prazAkhA bilakula vaidika saMpradAya meM sammilita ho gaI haiN| yahI sthiti sAMkhya saMpradAya kI hai, jo pahale avaidika mAnA jAtA thA, para Aja vaidika mAnA jAtA hai| aisA hote hue bhI kucha zramaNa saMpradAya aise hai jo khuda apane ko avaidika mAnate - manavAte hai aura vaidika vidvAna bhI una saMpradAyoM ko avaidika hI mAnate Ae haiM / bhAratIya saMskRti aneka prakAra ke vicAroM kA vikAsa hai / isa saMskRti meM na kitanI dhArAe~ pravAhita ho rahI hai| anekatA meM ekatA aura ekatA meM anekatA yahI hamArI saMskRti kI prAcIna paraMparA hai| yahA~ para aneka prakAra kI vicAra dhArAe~ bahI / prAcInatA aura navInatA kA saMgharSa barAbara hotA rhaa| isa saMgharSa meM navInatA aura prAcInatA donoM kA hI yathocita sammAna hotA rhaa| kisI samaya prAcInatA ko vizeSa sammAna milA to kabhI navInatA kA vizeSa Adara huaa| donoM eka dUsare se prabhAvita bhI hote rahe, aura vaha prabhAva kAphI sthAyI bhI hotA rahA / vividhatAoM ke vaise to anekarUpa rahe haiM, kintu ye sArI vividhatAe~ do rUpoM meM bA~TI jA sakatI hai - eka vaidika paraMparA aura dUsarA avaidika paraMparA / zramaNa veda kA pramANa svIkAra nahIM karate the / usake kriyAkalApoM ko mahatva nahIM dete the / inakI dRSTi meM yA to inake kSudra phala haiM yA ye nirarthaka aura niSprayojanIya hai / zramaNa Astika tathA nAstika donoM prakAra ke the| kaI saMpradAya tapasyA ko vizeSa mahatva dete the / jo Astika the, ye bhI jagata kA koI straSTA, yA kartA nahIM mAnate the / pAlinikAya meM jina zramaNoM kA ullekha hai ve prAyaH nAstika hI haiN| I 1 prakAra bhArata meM mukhya rUpase zramaNa aura vaidika ye donoM paraMparA prAgaitihAsika kAla se vikasita hotI calI A rahI haiN| zramaNa saMskRti meM samAjoddhAraka zramaNa RSabhadeva

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 105 vaidika kAla meM hI hue| usI saMskRti meM isI mata ko jaina nAmAbhidhAna pradAna karanevAle mahAvIra hue / evaM mahAna zramaNa gautamabuddha bauddha saMskRti ke pravartaka hue| jinhone zrama, saMyama aura tyAga ina tIna pramukha vizeSatAoM se isa saMskRti ko lokapriya bnaayaa| DaoN. rAdhA kumuda mukharjIne zramaNa dharma ko vaidika cintanadhArA kA hI aMga mAnA hai| tapa ke dvArA RSi satya kA sAkSAt anubhava karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| tapa se hI vizva kI racanA va utpatti batalAI gaI hai| megasthanIja ne apanI bhArata yAtrA ke samaya do prakAra ke dArzanikoM-brAhmaNa aura zramaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai| usa yuga meM zramaNoM kA bahuta Adara kiyA jAtA thaa| megasthanIja ne zramaNoM ke varNana meM kahA hai ki ve vana meM rahate the, sabhI prakAra ke vyasanoM se alaga the / rAjA loga usako bahuta sanmAna dete the aura ve devatAoM kI bhA~ti unakI stuti evaM pUjA karate the| govinda, rAjIya rAmAyaNa bhUSaNa meM zramaNoM ko digambara kahA hai| brAhmaNa graMthoM meM zramaNa kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra isa zramaNa saMskRti ko hI jaina dharma kA pUrva rupa kahA jA sakatA hai tathA bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA isa zramaNa (jaina)vicAradhArA ke pravartaka ke rupa meM zrImad bhAgavata meM ullekha haiN| 4 ye bhI marudevI tathA nAbhirAjA ke putra bhagavAna RSabhadeva hI the| vaidika paramparA: vaidika aura zramaNa paramparAoM meM utanA hI antara hai jitanA bhoga aura tyAga, hiMsA aura ahiMsA, zoSaNa aura poSaNa, andhakAra aura prakAza meM antara hai| eka dhArA mAnava jIvana ke bAhya svArtha kA poSaNa karatI hai to dUsarI dhArA manuSya ke Atmika vikAsa ko bala pradAna karatI hai| eka kA AdhAra vaiSamya hai to dUsarI kA AdhAra sAmya hai| ataH vaidika aura zramaNa paraMparA kA vaiSamya evaM sAmyamUlaka itanA adhika virodha hai ki mahAbhASyakAra pataMjaline ahinakula evaM gau-vyAghra jaisai zAzvata virodhavAle udAharaNoM meM vaidika zramaNa ko sthAna diyaa| jisa prakAra ahi aura nakula, gau aura vyAghra meM janmajAta virodha hai| AcArya hemacandra bhI apane graMtha meM bAtakA samarthana karate hai| ina I or in x j w TrAMsalesana Apha di phregamenTsa Apha di iNDiyA Apha megasthanIja-1846 pR.105 / zramaNAH digambarAH zramaNA (vAtarasanAH) zatapatha 14-7-1-22 taitirIyA A. 2-7-1 zrImad bhAgavat 5-3-20 mahAbhASyakAra-2-4-9 siddhahema -3-1-141

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106 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1 udAharaNoM kI upasthiti karane kA artha yaha nahIM kI vaidika aura zramaNa samAja eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate / isakA abhiprAya kevala itanA hI hai ki jIvana kI ye do vRttiyA~ virodhI AcAra aura vicAra ko prakaTa karatI haiM / ye donoM dhArAe~ mAnava-jIvana ke bhItara rahI huI do bhinna svabhAvavAlI vRttiyoM kI pratIka mAtra haiM / vaidika paramparA kA upalabdha mAnya sAhitya veda haiM / veda se hamArA abhiprAya bhAga se hai jisameM maMtrapradhAna saMhitA hai / yahI paramparA mUla meM vaidika mAnyatAoM ke AsapAsa zurU aura vikasita huI hai / vaidika maMtro aura suktoM kI sahAyatA se nAnA prakAra kI prArthanAe~ evaM stutiyA~ kI jAtI hai| tathA vaidika maMtro dvArA honevAle yajJa Adi karma bhI vaidika kriyA haiM kahalAtA hai| 1 zramaNa paramparA : yaha dhArA mAnava ke una guNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai jo usake vaiyaktika svArtha se bhinna hai / dUsare zabdoM meM zramaNa paramparA sAmya para pratiSThita hai / yaha sAmya mukhya rupa se tIna bAtoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai. (1) samAja viSayaka (2) sAdhya viSayaka (3) prANI jagata ke prati dRSTi viSayaka | 1 samAja viSayaka sAmAnya kA artha hai samAja meM kisI eka varNa kA janmasiddha zreSThatva yA kaniSThatva mAnanA / zramaNa saMskRti samAja - racanA evaM dharma viSayaka adhikAra kI dRSTi se janmasiddha varNa aura liMgabheda ko mahatva na dekara vyakti dvArA samAcarita karma aura guNa ke AdhAra para hI samAja-racA karatI hai| usakI dRSTi meM janma kA utanA mahatva nahIM hai jitanA ki puruSArtha aura guNa kA / mAnava samAja kA sahI AdhAra vyakti kA prayatna evaM karma hai, na ki janmasiddha tathA kaThina zreSThatva / kevala janma se koI zreSTha yA hIna nahIM hotA / hInatA aura zreSThatA kA vAstavika AdhAra svakRta karma hai / sAdhyaviSayaka sAmya kA artha hai - abhyudaya kA eka samAna rupa / zramaNa saMskRti kA sAdhya viSayaka Adarza vaha avasthA hai jahA~ kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM rahatA / vaha eka aisA Adarza hai jahA~ aitihAsika pAralaukika sabhI svArtho kA aMta ho jAtA hai / vahA~ na isa loka ke svArtha satAte haiM, na para loka kA pralobhana vyAkulatA utpanna karatA hai| vaha aisI sAmyAvasthA hai jahA~ yogyatA aura ayogyatA, adhikatA tathA nyUnatA, hInatA aura zreSThatA - sabhI se pare haiM / prANI jagata ke prati dRSTi-viSayaka sAmya kA artha hai- jIva jagata 1. jaina dharmakA prANa, pR. 1

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 107 prati sAmya / aisI samatA ki jisameM na kevala mAnava samAja yA pazu-pakSI samAja hI samAviSya ho, apitu vanaspati, jaise atyaMta sUkSma samUha kA bhI samAveza ho / yaha dRSTi vizvaprema kI adbhUta dRSTi hai / vizvakA pratyeka prANI, cAhe vaha mAnava ho, pazu-pakSI ho, kITa, vanaspati ho yA anya kSudra jIva ho sabhI Atmavat samAna hai| kisI bhI prANI kA vadha karanA athavA use kaSTa pahu~cAnA AtmapIr3A ke samAna hai| "Atmavat sarva bhUteSu" bhUmikA para pratiSThita yaha sAmyadRSTi zramaNa paramparA kA prANa hai| sAmAnya jIvana ko hI apanA carama lakSya mAnanevAlA sAdhAraNa vyakti isa bhUmikA para nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| yaha bhUmikA sva aura para ke abheda kI pRSThabhUmi hai| yahI pRSTha bhUmi zramaNa- - saMskRti kA sarvasva hai / " - zramaNa ke lie prAkRta sAhitya meM "samaNa" zabda kA prayoga huA hai / jaina sUtroM meM jagaha-jagaha 'samaNa' zabda AtA hai| jisakA artha hotA hai sAdhu / ukta samaNa zabda ke tIna rupa ho sakate haiM- zramaNa, samAna aura zamana / zramaNa zabda zrama dhAtu se banatA hai| zrama kA artha hotA hai parizrama karanA / tapasyA kA dUsarA nAma parizrama bhI hai| jo vyakti apane hI zrama se utkarSa kI prApti karate haiM ve zramaNa kahalAte haiM / 'samaNa' kA artha hotA hai samAnatA / jo vyakti prANImAtra ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai, viSamatA se haMmezA dUra rahatA hai jisakA jIvana vizvaprema aura vizva baMdhutva kA pratIka hotA hai, jisake lie sva-para kA bhedabhAva nahIM hotA, jo pratyeka prANI se usa bhA~tI prema karatA hai jisa prakAra khuda se prema karatA hai, use kisI ke prati dveSa nahIM hotA aura na kisI ke prati rAga hI hotA hai| vaha rAga-dveSa kI tuccha bhAvanA se upara uThakara saba ko eka dRSTi se dekhatA hai| usakA vizvaprema ghRNA aura zakti kI chAyA se sarvathA achUtA rahatA hai / vaha sabase prema karatA hai / kintu usakA prema rAga kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| vaha prema eka vilakSaNa prakAra kA prema hotA hai, jo rAgadveSa donoM kI sImA se pare hotA hai / rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha calate haiM, kintu prema akelA hI calatA hai / "zamana" kA artha hai - zAMta karanA / jo vyakti apanI vRttiyoM ko zAnta karane kA prayatna karatA hai, apanI vAsanAoM kA damana karane kI koziza karatA hai aura apane 2. bhagavatI sUtra, 1, 6, 383 zrAmyantI zramaNA : tapasyantItyartha: dazavaikAlika vRtti-1-3

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108 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana isa prayatna meM bahuta kucha saphala hotA hai vaha zramaNa saMskRti kA saccA anuyAyI hai| hamArI aisI vRttiyoM jo utthAna ke sthAna para patana karatI hai, zAnti ke bajAya azAnti utpanna karatI hai, utkarSa kahI jagaha apakarSa lAtI hai, ve jIvana ko kabhI saphala nahIM hone detii| aisI akuzala vRttiyoM ko zAnta karane se hI sacce lakSya kI prApti ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI kuvRttiyoM ko zAnta karane se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa ho sakatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti ke mUla meM zama aura sama se ye tInoM hI tatva vidyamAna haiN| zramaNa paramparA ke sUcaka zabda vaidika sAhitya meM vAtarazanA, muni, vrAtyaM, yati evaM brahmacArI Adi nAmo milatA hai / yadyapi donoM paraMparA ke muniyoM kI caryAoM meM bahuta hI antara rahA haiN| ___vaidika, jaina evaM bauddha tInoM dhArAoM meM sanyAsI ke AcAra-vyavahAra ke sambandha meM paraspara aneka bAtoM meM samAnatA rahI hai to aneka bAtoM meM vibhinnatA bhI hai| vaidika aura zramaNa paramparA ke granthoM ke anuzIlana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki sanyAsI ko vratoM ke antargata satya kA pAlana karanA, saMyama tathA brahmacarya kA pAlana karane ke sAtha tapa, svAdhyAya evaM dhyAnAdikA abhyAsa mukhya tatva hai| bhikSAcArya ke dvArA jIvana nirvAha karanA aura prANAyAma kA abhyAsa donoM dharmo meM mAnya haiN| donoM dharmoM meM saMnyAsa kA artha aiSaNAoM se virakta rahakara nispRha bhAva se rahanA mAnA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM purUSoM ke sadRza striyoM ko bhI saMnyAsa grahaNa karane kA adhikAra thA / jaise jaina rAjImatI evaM bauddha bhikSuNI dhammadinnA donoM apane pati kI pravrajyA grahaNa karate dekhakara svayaM bhI pravajyA dhAraNa kii| isI prakAra bRhadAraNyakopaniSada meM maitreyI apane pati ko pravrajita hote dekhakara svayaM bhI saMnyAsinI ho gyii| vaidika aura zramaNa paramparAoM meM saMnyAsI ke lakSaNa ke antargata use niSkalaMka, moha, rAga evaM dveSa ke prati anAsakta evaM bhikSAvRtti kA pAlana karanevAlA batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra vaidika paramparA ke samAna zramaNa paramparA meM bhI satya, acaurya, ahiMsA, brahmacarya, tapa, dhyAna, svAdhyAya, saMyama, anazana evaM prANAyAma Adi vratoM kA varNana milatA hai / ina vratoM kA saMnyAsI jIvana meM atyAdhika mahatva hai, kyoMki inase hI saMnyAsI indriyoM evaM mana ko vaza meM karake kAma, krodha, bhaya, mada, lobha Adi duSpravRttiyoM ko dUra karake parizuddha hotA hai aura paramAtma svarupa kI prApti karane meM samartha hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti vizva kI mahAna saMskRti hai| yaha saMskRti saritA kI sarasa dhArA kI taraha sadA janajIvana meM pravAhita hotI rahI hai| isa saMskRti kA ciMtana jaina, bauddha aura vaidika ina tIna dhArAoM se prabhAvika rahA hai| yahA~ bhI saMskRti aura sabhyatA

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 109 1 kA ramaNIya kalpavRkSa ina tInoM paraMparAoM ke AdhAra para hI sadA phalatA phUlatA rahA hai| ina tInoM paramparAoM ne atyAdhika sannikaTatA na bhI rahI ho / tathApi atyaMta dUra bhI nahIM thii| tInoM hI paraMparAoM ke sAdhakoM ne sAdhanA kara jo gahana anubhUtiyA~ prApta kI, unameM aneka anubhUtiyA~ samAna thI to kaI anubhUtiyA~ asamAna bhI thii| ina donoM saMskRtiyoM bheda puSTa karane ke lie hama avaidikoM ko pAte haiN| inameM katipaya vaidika saMskRti se prabhAvita hai, anya avaidika zramaNoM ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara matAnuyAyI graMtha suyAgada tathA bauddha graMtha dIrghanikAya meM zramaNa phalasutta meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra - prabaMdho meM jaina darzana bhAratIya darzana ke vaidika va zramaNa darzana meM kucha maulika bhinna dRSTikoNa rahe haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra sambandhI hindI ke upalabdha prabaMdho meM isa darzana vaiziSTa ko kaviyoM ne suMdara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| yahA~ saMkSepa meM maiM usa vaicArika bhinnatA va sAmya ko prastuta kara rahI hU~ - - Izvara : vaidika darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki brahmA saMsAra kA sRSTA hai / aura kAlA sArA saMsAra pralaya kI goda meM samA jAtA hai| bhagavAna avatAra letA hai / vaha lIlAyaM karatA hai aura pazcAt apane niyata dhAma meM calA jAtA hai| jainadarzana sarva prathama to sRSTi kAkartA kisI vyakti vizeSa ko nahIM mAnatA sAtha hI avatAra kA svIkAra nahIM karatA ! jaina dharma meM prANImAtra samAna hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sAdhanA ke dvArA duSTa karmo kA kSaya kara ke mukta AtmA bana sakatA hai| muktAtmAkA vivecana karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AcAraMga sUtra meM kahA hai- muktAtmA janma-maraNa ke mArga ko sarvathA pAra kara jAtA hai| mukti meM ramaNa karatA hai| usakA svarupa pratipAdana karane meM samasta zabda hAra mAna jAte haiM / vahA~ tarka kA praveza nahIM hotA, buddhi avagAhana nahIM karatI / vaha muktAtmA prakAzamAna hai / vaha na strI rupa hai, na puruSarupa hai, na anyathA rupa hai| vaha samasta padArtho kA sAmAnya aura vizeSa rupa se jJAtA hai| usakI koI upamA nahIM hai| vaha arupI sattA hai| usa anirvacIya ko kisI vacana ke dvArA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha na zabda hai, na rupa hai, na rasa hai, na gaMdha hai aura na sparza hai / hindI - prabaMdhakAra kaviyoM ne Izvara saMbaMdhI kalpanA ko kAvyoM meM saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA hai "saphala banAye sukhI kyoM nahIM, kyoM kucha duHkhI banAye usane

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110 jagata : hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vividha viSamatAyeM kyoM jagameM paidA kI hai pUrNa puruSane / rAgadveSa se yahi vaha izvara duHkhI kisI ko sukhI kisI ko / svecchA se nirmita karatA yadi amukha kisI ko mukhI kisI ko / ' "" *** taba rAgI ko izvara kahanA, ucita nahIM hotA pratita hai / dveSI ko bhI izvara kahanA jJAna aMdhatA kI anIti hai // karma phaloM se hI yadi izvara duHkhasukha ko nizcita karatA hai / taba isameM bhI karma bar3appana sarvazaktimattA haratA hai / / 1 *** saMsAra kI racanA ke viSaya meM jaina dharma saMpUrNa spaSTa hai| vizva meM jo kucha bhI parivartana dikhAI de rahA hai; vaha parivartana jIva aura pudgala ke saMyoga se hotA hai| vaha parivartana do prakAra kA hai - svAbhAvika aura prAyogika / svAbhAvika parivartana sUkSma hone se carma cakSuoM se dikhAI nahIM detA, kintu prAyogika parivartana sthUla hone se dikhAI detA hai| jIva anAdikAla se pudgala kA saMparka prApta karatA hai aura isa saMsAra kA cakra niraMtara calatA rahatA hai| jaina darzana kI dRSTi se utpAda vyaya aura provya kI triguNAtmaka saMracanA saMsAra kI utpatti niraMtara kSaya evaM nava sRjana meM mahatvapUrNa aMza hai| eka svabhAva rupa utpAd proyukta guNa paryAyavAna sat dravya kahalAtA hai| arthAt jo maulika padArtha apane paryAyoM ko kramazaH prApta ho vaha dravya hai / dravya utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai / yaha bhI kahA sakatA hai ki guNoM ke samuha ko dravya kahate haiM / guNa ke do bheda hote haiN| jo saba dravyoM vyApta hai vaha sAmAnya guNa hai aura jo saba dravyoM meM vyapta na ho vaha vizeSa hai / sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rupa se utpAda-vyaya karate rahate haiM / cetana ho yA acetana sabhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ke Adhina hai / kahane kA tAtparya ya hai ki vastu kA mUla rUpa kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai arthAta dravyatva kA sarvadA astitva hai / aura vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki eka dravya dUsare dravya meM guNotpAda nahIM kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra sabhI dravya apane svabhAva se utpanna hote haiM 6 "bhagavAna mahAvIra " : kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthaMkara ciMtana", , sarga - 21, pR.221.

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1 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kaviyoM ne kAvya meM sRSTi kI racanA ke viSaya ko tarka sahita samajhAte hue spaSTa likhA hai dRzya aura adRzya jagata yaha svayaMmeva nirmita aadhaar| nahIM vidhAtA isakA izvara parivartita yaha bArambAra / / mUla bhUta ghaTa dravya svayaMpara nikhila sRSTi ke upAdAna / ina ke svayaM racI yaha saMsRti jar3a-cetana ke bhinna vidhaan|| *** he bhavyo ! jIva-ajIvoM kA, samudAya jagata kahalAtA hai| au pugdala dharma adharma kAla, AkAza ajIva kahAtA hai| 2 * ** vaidika RSi vizva ke saMbaMdha meM saMdigdha rahe haiN| unakA abhimata hai ki pralaya dazA meM asat bhI nahIM thA sat bhI nahIM thA, pRthvI bhI nahIM thI, AkAza bhI nahIM thaa| AkAza meM vidyamAna sAtoM bhuvana bhI nahIM the| jaina darzana vizva ke saMbaMdha meM kicit mAtra bhI saMdigdha nahIM haiN| usakA spaSTa abhimata hai ki cetana se acetana utpanna nahIM hotA aura acetana se cetana kI sRSTi nahIM hotI / kintu cetana aura acetana ye donoM anAdi haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki yaha loka ati vyApaka hai, vistRta hai| manuSya maryAdita kSamatAvaza isa vizAla vizva ko eka sImita aMza ke sAtha hI paricaya sthApita kara pAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM vizva kI sthiti ke viSaya meM bhI vivecana milatA hai| isa loga kI sImA ke cAroM aura asIma lokAkAza hai| yaha jagata racanA itanI vizAla hai ki Adhunika vijJAna isake laghutama aMza ko bhI nahIM jAna skaa| karmavAdaH karma siddhAMta yA karmavAda jaina darzana kA prANa siddhAMta hai / syAdvAda kI nIMva para hI isa kI imArata avasthita hai / karma kA yaha siddhAMta jaina darzana kI vaijJAnikatA para prakAza DAlatA hai| pratyeka jIva kI svataMtra sattA evaM karmaThatA isI se siddha ho sakatI hai / kavine kAvya meM karma siddhAMta ko dRSTAMta sahita suMdara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthakara ciMtana", sarga-21. pa.220 2. "paramajyotimahAvIra', kavi sudhezajI, sarga-20, pR.',27

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112 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jaise pAvaka meM tapane se alaga-alaga sonA prastara hai| usI pRthak pRthak ho sakate jIva jur3e pudgala stara hai| karma sAtha jo baddha jIva, mana vacana kAya spaMdana hotaa| naye naye karmoM kA Azrava usase karatA jaise|| *** karma ke AThabheda haiM-jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antraay| jaise bAdala se AcchAdita sUrya kI pavitra teja prabhA DhakajAtI hai usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se jIva kA jJAna aura darzanaguNa Dhaka jAtA hai / kavine mohanIya Adi karma kI vyAkhyA karate hue jana-jagata ko yahI udbodhana diyA hai ki - vedanIya sukhaduHkha kA anubhava, indriyagaNa ko hI hotA hai| jaise gur3a se lipta astra ho, miSTa aura kaTu ha~sa rotA hai| *** mohanIya mohita karatA hai, jaise mada ho madyapAna kaa| krodha doSa hote utpAdita, kara vinAza ye mokSa jJAna kA // 2 *** Ayu karma zrRMkhalAvatarupa, roke rakhatA Atma tatva zuci // nAma karma jyoM citrakAra rupa, yoni yoni meM nAmAMkita rupa // gotra karma jyoM kumbhakAra rupa, ucca nimna kula rahe ddhaaltaa| antarAya phira bhaMDArI rupa, dAna Adi meM vidhna ddaaltaa||3 *** jaina dharma aura anya dharma vizeSakara vaidika darzana meM karma, kAryakalApoM evaM tatjanya pariNAmoM ko lekara mUlabhUta aMtara hai| vaidika darzana meM Izvara ko jagata kA kartA va niyantA mAnA gayA hai| vahA~ jIva yadyapi karma karane meM svataMtra hai para, pariNAma yA dAtA yA phalabhokta vaha svayaM nahIM / karma kA phala izvara detA hai / kRta karmoM ke anusAra acchA "bhagavAna mahAvIra': kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthaMkara ciMtana'', sarga-21, pR.222 vahI 1.223 2-3.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 113 yA burA phala Izvara hI pradAna karatA hai / jaina darzana aisA nahIM mAnatA / vaha kartA kI svataMtratA evaM svayaM bhoktA kI sattA kA svIkAra karatA hai, arthAt jo karma karatA hai vahI svayaM usake pariNAma ko bhogatA hai / " jaisA boege vaisA kAToMge" kA siddhAMta svayaM spaSTa hotA hai| syAdvAda : bhAratIya darzano meM jaina darzana kI viziSTatA hai, usakA maulika pradAna anekAnta darzana / isa darzana ko prastuta karane kI zailI kA nAma hI syAdvAda hai / jaina vAGmaya meM isa syAta kA artha " kathaMcit" arthAt apekSA mAnA hai aura "vAd " kathya kA dyotaka hai| isa taraha yoM kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka nizcita apekSA kiyA gayA kathana hI syAdvAda hai / thoDA sA aura gahare utareMto nizcita apekSA meM eka nizcita dRSTikoNa yA nizcita vicAroM kA bodha nihita hai / sarala zabdoM meM kaheM to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vastu ke jisa guNa kI carcA pramukha rupa se hama kara rahe haiM usameM anya guNa yA svabhAva bhI vidyamAna haiM hii| isase yaha pratiphalita yA siddha hotA hai ki vastu meM aneka arthAt guNa vidyamAna haiM, eka aMza meM sabhI dharma yA svabhAva pUrNa haiM yaha kathana asaMbhava hai aura aisA kathana apUrNa hogaa| vastu eka hI nizcita guNa dharma svabhAvI hai yaha kathana hI ekAMta dRSTiyukta hai jo anya guNoM kI upasthiti kA asvIkAra yA tiraskAra karatA hai| jo saMgharSo kA janaka hai| isI vaicArika yA mAnasika saMgharSa ko TAlane ke lie vastu ke aneka svarUpI rupa ko svIkAra karate hue use vANI kI zuddhatA bhI jainadarzanoM meM pradAna kI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anekAntavAda siddhAnta kA vizleSaNa karate hue kavi ne kAvya meM samajhAyA hai ki eka hI vastu ko aneka guNadharmo meM dekhanA anekAntavAda hai / eka hI dRSTi se dekhakara use pUrNa mAnanA yA samagra mAnanA kevala bhrama hai| vastu kA pUrNarupa hai usI kA jJAna karanA Avazyaka hai - 1. eka dRSTi nahIM pUrNa ho sakI, use samagra mAnanA bhrama hai| vastu kA jo pUrNa rUpa hai usakA parijJAna atikama hai| hai dharmAnta anta vastu saba, vyApaka dRSTi apekSita hotI / eka bArameM eka rUpa kI sImita dRSTi sApekSita hotI / 1 *** "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthaMkara ciMtana", sarga-21, pR. 225

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi ne aMdho kA dRSTAnta dekara jana mAnasa ko anekAntavAda kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue udbodhana diyA hai ki kucha andhoM ne jaba hAthI ko jAnanA cAhA ki yaha kisa prakAra prANI hai, to ve use hAtha se sparza kara anubhava karane lage, sabhI ne apanI apanI buddhi se vicArA / eka usake kAna ko sparza kiyA aura kahA hAthI sUpa ke samAna hai / dUsare ne usake paira para acchI taraha hAtha phirAkara kahA hAthI staMbha ke samAna hai / jisa vyakti ne dhar3a ko dekhA to samajhA ki hAthI divAra ke samAna hai, sUMDa ko pakar3A to ajagara ke samAna tathA kisIne pU~cha ko hAtha lagAyA to hAthI rassI samAna lagA hai| I 114 kavi kA kathana hai ki hAthI ye hI hai, parantu usake bhinna avayava haiM, usase tuma saba anajAna ho / eka hI aMza para Agraha karake rahane para kabhI pUrNa jJAna kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| kevala hAthI ke eka aMga ko dekhakara kahane se sabakA eka mata kaise mila sakatA hai ? apanI apanI bAta ko khIMcane meM hI lar3AI hai| sImita dRSTi meM hI tanAva hai, vyApaka dRSTi meM nhiiN| eka hI vyakti kisI kA putra, bhAI, bhatIjA aura pitA ho sakatA hai / apane apane sthAna para sabhI sahI haiM / virodha meM hI jhagar3A hai, samanvaya meM zAnti / jaise kavi gvAlina kA dRSTAnta dete hue batAte haiM ki dRSTikoNa ho gvAlina jaisA, dadhiko jaise mathatI hai| karSita rajju vAma kara se to, dAyekI Age baDhatI hai / donoM hAtha rajju ko khIMce to kaise dadhi maMthana hogA / binA samanvaya bAta bigaDatI tarkoMkA hI granthana hogA // 1 *** prAyaH anekAntavAda aura syAdvAd ko paraspara paryAyavAcI mAna liyA jAtA hai, kintu aisA mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| anekAnta eka vicAra paddhati hai, eka dRSTikoNa yA manovRtti jaba ki isa manovRtti kI nirdoSa abhivyakti syAdvAd haiM / anekAnta siddhAMta pakSa hai aura syAdvAd usakA vyavahAra pakSa hai / syAdvAda ko saptabhaMgI se jAnA jAtA hai arthAt syAdvAd ke sAta prakAra haiM / kavine kAvyoM meM usakA pRththakaraNa prastuta karate hue varNana kiyA haiM kadAcit hai, kadAcita nahIM donoM hote saath| akathanIya hai punaH kadAcit akathya para hai vaha syAt / "C 'bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthaMkara ciMtana", sarga - 21. pR.226.

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115 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai akathya para nahIM kadAcit, hai ve nahIM bhI usakA rup| saptabhaMgIyuta syAdvAda kA hotA yaha saiddhAMtika rup||' *** anekAnta hita syAdvAda kI bhASA kA hotA vyvhaar| saptabhaMgI naya kahalAtA, vaha, hote usameM sAta prakAra // syAdAsti syAnnAsti aura syAdAsti nAsti syAdavaktavya / syAdasti avaktavya tathA syAnnAstikA bhI avaktavya // 2 *** yahI saptabhaMgI nyAya vyakti ko saMgharSoM se mukti dilAne kA kAma karatA hai| isase kisI kA anAdara bhI nahIM hotA hai| ataH sRSTi meM sabhI sukha kA anubhava prApta karate haiN| isa prakAra samasta vizva ke loga ulajhanoM se dUra haTakara samanvaya kA bhAva utpanna kreNge| saptatatva: tatvoM kI mImAMsA karane se pUrva tatva zabda ko samajhanA caahie| sarvArtha siddhi meM vastu ke nija svarupa ko hI tatva kahA gayA hai| jisa vastu kA jo svabhAva hai vahI tatva hai| paMcAdhyAyI pUrvArdha meM isI bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai-tatva kA lakSaNa sata hai| athavA sata hI tatva hai| vaha svabhAva se hI siddha hai, isalie vaha anAdi nidhana hai, vaha svasahAya hai aura nirvikalpa hai| tatvArtha ke sandarbha meM yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki artha mAne jo jAnA jaaye| tatvArtha arthAt jo padArtha jisa rupa se sthita hai usakA usI rupa meM grahaNa krnaa| tatvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAtijI ne tatvoM para zraddhA karane vAle ko samyagdRSTi kahA hai| prANI ina tatvoM ko bhalI prakAra se samajhane aura AcaraNa meM lAne para hI janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pA sakatA hai| aMta meM cAritra rupa dhAraNa karake hI mokSa pada ko prApta kara sakatA hai| digambara matAnusAra sAta aura zvetAMbara anusAra nava tatva haiN| puNya aura pApa ko Azrava ke antargata liyA hai| puNya aura pApa kA AnA hI Astrava hai| kaviyoM ne jIva, ajIva, Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa tatva kA varNana isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - ___ "carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : zrImad vijaya vidyAcandrasUri, pR.58 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthaMkara ciMtana", sarga-21, pR.226 tatvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam- prathamo'dhyAya sUtra-2. or sm

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116 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jala meM naukA taira rahI, jaba chidra ho gayA ho ati bhaarii| pAnI bharane lage nAva meM to Azrava atizaya bhayakArI / / ekatrita phira jalakA honA, baMdha jIva vaise hI hotaa| jaba baDhatA hai nAva kAMpatI, bacane kA kyA upakrama hotaa| chidra banakara rokA jalako, yaha saMvara kI kriyA khaatii| ekatrita jala ko nirgatakara, yahI nirjarA kI gati aatii|| *** saMvara se hogA nahIM nayekarmo kA mujha se yoga punH| pUrvAjita karmo ke kSayakA, karanA hogA udyoga punH||2 *** ati ghora tapasyA karane se, ho jAyegA yaha kArya srl| avipAka nirjarA hone se bhAgeMge sAre karma nikala // 3 *** mokSatatva: aSTakarmoM se nirlepa hokara siddha avasthAko prApta karanA hI mokSa hai| AtmAkI nirvikAra avasthA hotI hai, vahI nirvANa hai, vahI siddhi, vahI paramapada, vahI carama sImA kA AtmavikAsa hai aura vahI mokSa tatva hai| bAraha vrataH jaina dharma meM zrAvakoM ke lie bAraha aura sAdhu ke lie pAMca mahAvrata honA atyAvazyaka mAnA haiN| bAraha vratadhArI manuSya hI jaina kahalAne kA adhikArI banatA hai| usakA jIvana antara aura bAhya ekasA sarala-tarala hotA hai| manuSya ko, manuSyatva ke - h h "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, tIrthaMkara ciMtana, sarga-21, pR.222 "paramajyotimahAvIra' : kavi sudheyajI, sarga-12, pR.326 vahI sh

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117 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bodhaka ye siddhAnta vyakti, samAja sabhI ko sampanna banAte haiN| jaina dharma meM zrAvaka aura muni donoM vrata pAlana karate haiM / yadyapi gRhastha zrAvaka aura gRhatyAgI muni ke lie usake pAlana kA parimANa alaga alaga hai / tathApi pAMca pAMca jaise aniSToM se bacane kI AvazyakatA donoM ke lie anivArya hai| yoM kahanA adhika sarala hogA ki jIvana meM se burAIyoM ko dUra karanA aura naI burAIyoM ko na Ane dene kA prayAsa hI vrata hai| vrata arthAt una niyamoM kA svIkAra karanA, jisase anya prANiyoM ke prati krUra vyavahAra na ho| kavi ne kAvya ke antargata mahAvIra kI vANI kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue mahAvrata aura aNuvrata kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai - grahastha ko aNuvrata kA pAlana, sAdu mahAvrata kA nirvAha / koI jAti aura kula koI, pAlana kI yadi ura meM caah|| susaMskRta samAja hetu kI, aNuvrata kA uttama aadhaar| svazAsita jIvana ho jAtA, bana jAte haiM ucca vicaar|| *** aparigrahI bacatA pApoM se, puNyoM kA karatA sNcy| isa prakAra vyaktigata jIvana, banatA zuddha buddha savinaya // vyakti ke ujjavala bananese, banatA hai ujjvala smaaj| deza sudharatA, vizva sudharatA, vistRta hotA dharmarAja // 2 *** isa prakAra ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, parigraha, parimANa ye pAMca aNuvrata aura digvata, dezavrata, anartha daNDavrata ye tIna guNavrata sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhoga parimANa, atithi saMvibhAga ye cAra zikSAvrata haiN| ina samasta bAraha vratoM kA pAlana gRhastha ko karanA caahie| SadravyaH jaina darzana meM jIvAdi cha tatva arthAt SaT dravya mAne gaye haiN| inhIM chaH tatvoM se nirmita jagata kI racanA ke bAre meM spaSTa likhA hai ki dharmA dharma ajIva jIva AkAza kAla hai mUla drvy| eka sacetana jIva zeSa taba cetana hIna ajIva sevya / 1 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, tIrthaMkara ciMtana, sarga-21, pR.227 vahI, pR.228

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118 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jagatI saba nirmita inase hI aura nahIM kucha bhI uplbdh| jo kucha dRzya adRzya avasthita bhinna samanvaya se hai lavya // 1 *** ataeva ukta ina chaha dravyoMte bhinna vastu hai loka nhiiN| inameM se pugdala sivA kisI ko bhI sakate avaloka nhiiN| jIvadravyaH saMsAra yA mokSa donoM meM jIva pradhAna tatva haiN| yadyapi jJAna darzana svabhAvI hone ke kAraNa vaha AtmA hI hai phira bhI saMsArI dazA meM prANa dhAraNa karane se jIva kahalAtA hai| vaha anantaguNoM kA svAmI eka prakAzAtmaka amUrtika sattAdhArI padArtha hai| ajIva dravyaH jIva se nitAnta virodhI caitanyarahita jar3a padArtho ko ajIva dravya kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM isake pAMca prakAra haiN| (1) dharma (2) adharma (3) AkAza (4) pudgala (5) kAla / yahA~ dharma aura adharma kA prayoga puNya pApa ke sandarbha meM nahIM hai| ye do svataMtra padArtha sampUrNa loka meM AkAza kI bhA~ti vyApaka evaM arupI haiN| dharma dravyaH jo jIva aura pudgala ko gati pradAna karane meM sahAyabhUta banatA hai vaha padArtha dharma kahalAtA hai| jaise machalI ko pAnI meM calane meM pAnI sahAyaka hai usI prakAra dharma kI gati pradAyI padArtha haiN| adharma dravyaH dharma se viparIta jo jIva aura pudgala ko sthira hone meM sahAyaka hotA hai vaha adharma dravya kahalAtA hai| jaise zramita pathika ko vRkSa kI chAyA vizrAma kA nimitta bhUta banAtI hai vaise hI adharma Thaharane meM sahAyaka banatA hai| 1. 2. "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, tIrthaMkara ciMtana, sarga-11, pR.220 "paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudheyajI, sarga-20, pR.527

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana AkAza dravyaH AkAza padArtha sarvajJAta hai| samasta dizAoM kA bhI isI meM samAveza hotA hai / AkAza dravya sabhI dravyoM ko sthAna detA haiM / yaha amUrtika evaM sarvavyApI hai| jainAcAryoM meM isa AkAza ko (1) lokAkAza (2) alokAkAza aise do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| loka sambandhI AkAza-lokAkAza aura alokasaMbaMdhI AkAzaalokAkAza kahA hai| pudala dravyaH jaina darzana meM sthUla mahAsthUla samasta rupI padArthoM ko pudgala kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| yo kahA jA sakatA hai ki hama jo dekhata haiM, khAte haiM, Adi sabhI padArtha, pudgala hai| zAstrakAroM ne pudgala ko rupa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparzavAlA kahA hai| kAlaH vastu ke parivartana meM sahAyaka dravya kahalAtA hai| parivartana vastu kA lakSaNa hai| parantu bAhya nimitta ke binA saMbhava nahIM kAla dravya kI sahAyatA ke binA saMsAra kA parivartana saMbhava nahIM hotaa| vastu kA rupa badalanA, naye kA purAnA honA, yuvA kA vRddha honA, vartamAnakAla kA bhUtakAla meM parivartana honA sabhI parivartana isa kAladravya ke kAraNa haiN| isa prakAra kaviyoM ne mahAvIra prabandhoM meM jaina darzana sambandhI tAtvika vizleSaNa karake hameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pathAnugAmI banane kA udbodhana diyA haiN| *** prabaMdho meM rASTrIyabhAvanAH rASTrazabda kI vyAkhyAH . ___ aneka granthoM meM bhASA, bhUmi, janasamudAya Adi vibhinna artho meM rASTra zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ___bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya mAnyatA ke AdhAra para rASTra zabda kA artha kisI bhaugolika ikAI para basA huA samudAya jisakI apanI sabhyatA tathA saMskRti ho, apanI bhASA, dharma aura paramparA ho tathA jisakI apanI rAjanItika ekatA aura kAnUna hoM-vahI rASTra hai / ina sabake mUla meM ekatva aura akhaNDatA kI sAdhanA kA saMketa haiN| ___

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana rASTra zabda ke artha ke viSaya meM 'upAdhyAya amaramunijI' ne apane vicAra vyakta karate hue likhA hai- "bhArata jamIna ko nahIM kahate haiN| jamIna to eka sire se dUsare sire taka eka hai| rASTra kA vAstavika artha usa bhUmi para rahanevAlI prajA se hai / ataeva yadi prajA balavAna hai, to rASTra bhI banavAna banegA aura yadi prajA svayaM durbala hai aura apanI roTI ke lie dUsaroM kA muMha tAkatI hai, to usakA rASTra bhI kabhI U~cA nahIM uTha sakatA / 1 bhAratIya dRSTikoNa: 120 atharvaveda ke "pRthvIsUkta" ke aneka sUtra rASTrIyatA ke paricAyaka haiN| dharatI ko janmadAyinI evaM kalyANI mA~ ke rupa meM mAnakara usakI prazaMsA kI gaI haiM / isameM deza ke bhaugolika saundarya ke sAtha pazu-pakSI evaM vividha dharma evaM bhASA ke logoM kI zubha kAmanA kI gaI haiN| Arya loga - vaividhya ko eka hI strotasvinI kI vibhinna jaladhArAyeM mAnakara ekatA kI pavitra gaMgA meM vilIna hone kI maMgala kAmanA karate the| unakI bhAvanAoM kA mUla loka-kalyANa aura sarvodaya - bhAvanA se anuprANita thA / atharvaveda meM "abhivardhatAma payasAmi rASTreNa vardhatAma " / ' arthAt manuSya dugdhAdhi padArtho se baDhe, rAjya se baDhe kahakara vyakti aura rAjya kI samRddhi kI kAmanA kI haiN| -- rASTrIyatA yA rASTrIya cetanA eka vyApaka zabda hai, eka mahAna bhAvanA hai / ciMtakoM ne prAyaH rASTrIya cetanA kA lagAva usa rASTrameM nivAsa karanevAle vyakti va vyakti samudAyoM ke diloM meM apanI mAtRbhUmi ke prati agAdha bhakti bhAvanA hai. - 3 yuddha baMdha ho, puje ahiMsA, vizvazAMti ke dIpa jaleM / dharatI para ho svarga, sakala jana, mahAvIra ke mArga cale // maiM jJAna cAhatA hU~, utthAna cAhatA hU~ / mA~ deza kA tumhArA, sammAna cAhatA hU~ / "jananI janmabhUmizca svargAdapi garIyasI // " 1. 2. 3. 4. "jIvana darzana": "upAdhyAya amaramuni, pR. 215 'atharvaveda', : 6/78/21 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, pR. 3 "vIrAyaNa", kavi mitrajI, saMtApa sarga, pR. - 211

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 121 jananI aura janmabhUmi svarga se bhI bar3hakara hai| isI bhAvanA kI abhivyakti hameM jimerina ke ciMtana meM milatI hai, jisake lie usane kahA hai- "rASTrIyatA sAmUhika bhAvanA kA eka rupa hai, jisakA apane nizcita deza se gaharA paricaya hotA haiM tathA anokhI pratiSThA hotI hai|" ___ bhArata meM rASTrIyatA ke rupa meM saMyukta kuTumba kI bhAvanA mahatI rupa se vidyAmAna hai Rgveda meM aisI bhAvanAoM ke darzana kie jA sakate haiM - "sagacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saMvo mAnasi jAnatAm / devA bhAga yathA pUrve sanjAnAnA upAsate // " 2 *** bhAvArtha hai ki hama saba kI gati eka hI prakAra hI hai| hama eka sAtha cleN| hama eka prakAra kI vANI boleN| hama saba ke mana meM eka se bhAva prakaTa hoN| jaise devatA pahale se karate Ae haiM usI prakAra samAna bhAva kreN| ___ bhAratIya siddhAnta ke anusAra dharma aura saMskRti hamArI rASTrIyatA ke prANAdhAra rahe / vAlmIki, bhavabhUti, kAlidAsa Adi ke sAhitya meM rASTrIyatA kA aisA hI rupa aMkita huA hai| ___bhArata kI ekasUtratA ke viSaya meM saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya' meM dinakarajI ne bhArata kI prAcIna rASTrIyatA para apane vicAra vyakta karate hue likhA hai - "uttara ko Aryo kA deza aura dakSiNa ko draviDoM kA deza samajhane kA bhAva yahA~ kabhI nahIM pnpaa| kyoMki Arya aura draviDa nAma se do jAtiyo kA vibheda yahA~ huA hI nahIM thaa| samudra se uttara aura himAlaya se dakSiNavAlA vibhAga yahA~ hamezA se eka deza mAnA jAtA rahA uparokta carcA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vedoM, purANoM aura zAstroM meM rASTrIyatA kA jo svarupa upalabdha hai usameM bhArata kI akhaNDa bhaugolika ekatA, dhArmika ekasUtratA aura sAMskRtika garimA ke darzana hote haiN| janmabhUmi ko svarga se bhI mahAn mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha anya dezoM ke prati jo sadbhAvanA aura anAkramatA kI bhAvanAyeM aMkita hai| h h "jIvana darzana' : "upAdhyAya aramaramuni', sandarbha meM-pR.204 ___ "Rgveda", 10/191/2 "saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya" : rAmadhArI siMha "dinakara", pR.67-68 h

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122 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ve antarrASTrIyatA kI poSaka haiM / yahI kAraNa ke vizAla deza meM dharma, bhASA, rahana-sahana, AsthAyeM alaga-alaga hote hue bhI sAMskRtika, sAmAjika, ekatA meM pUrA deza bhAvAtmaka rupa se eka hai / bhinnatva meM abhinnatA isa kI vizeSatA hai / pAzcAtya draSTikoNa: pazcimI vidvAnone rASTrIya bhAvanAoM kA sambandha manovijJAna se sthApita kiyA hai / je. haoNlenDa roja ne rASTrIyatA kA antaH cetanA se sambandha sthApita karate hue rASTrIyatA anubhUti kA viSaya mAnA hai|' isa vyAkhyA dvArA isa bhAvanA ko mahatva diyA gayA hai ki vyakti jaba yaha bhAvanA apane antara meM sthApita kara letA hai ki yaha merA deza hai taba vaha usake rakSaNa evaM unnati ke lie sadaiva agrasara rahatA hai / jisa rASTra meM yaha bhAvanA jitanI balavatI hogI, vaha rASTra utanA hI balavAna hogaa| gila krAisTa, geTela, jaise vidvAnoM meM bhI manovaijJAnika tathya ko svIkAra karate hu bhASA, dharma, aitihAsika paramparAoM evaM sAhacarya kI bhAvanAoM ko rASTrIyatA ke sandarbha meM svIkAra kiyA hai / pazcimI draSTikoNa se vicAra karane para rASTrIyatA ke poSaka tatvoM meM akhaMDa deza, samAna bhASA Adi tatvoM kA mahatva hI svIkRta dikhAI detA haiN| pazcimI vyAkhyAoM meM mAnasika bhAvanAoM ke aikya para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| rAjanItika ekatA anya tatvoM meM kahIM kucha matabheda ho sakatA hai para rAjanItika ekatA meM koI matabheda nahIM ho sakatA / yahI sabase baDA ekatA kA poSakatatva haiN| rAjanItika ekatA rASTrIyatA kA sarvAdhika sazakta pahalU haiM / koI bhI vyakti parAjita banakara nahIM rahanA caahtaa| deza ko svataMtra banAne kI AkAMkSA dezavAsiyoM meM aura vizeSakara vIroM ko preraNA pradAna karatI hai| prAcIna bhArata meM bahuta se choTe-bar3e rAjya vidyamAna the. para sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI satya hai ki bahuta prAcIna samaya se isa deza meM yaha vicAra vidyamAna thA, ki yaha vizAla deza eka cakravartI sAmrAjya kA upayukta kSetra hai, aura isameM eka hI rAjanItika zakti kA zAsana honA caahie| AcArya cANakya ne kitane sundara rupa meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA thA, ki himAlaya se samudra- paryanta jo hajAra yojana vistRrNa pradeza hai, usa cakravartI 1. Nationality History : Holland; p. 147

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123 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana zAsana kA kSetra sthApita karanA hai, prAcInakAla meM rAjasUya Adi yajJoM dvArA aise akhaMDa deza kA rAjya prApta kara cakravartI sArvabhauma va samrATa pada ko prApta karane meM samartha hue the| prAcIna samaya meM bhArata cAhe sadA eka zAsana meM na rahA ho, para isa dezameM yaha anubhUti prabala rupa se vidyamAna thI, ki yaha eka deza hai, aura isameM jo dhArmika sAhityika va sAMskRtika ekatA hai, use rAjanItika kSetra meM bhI abhivyakta honA cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki vividha rAjyoM aura rAjavaMzoM kI sattA ke hote hue bhI isa deza ke itihAsa ko eka sAtha pratipAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa likhate hue jahA~ hama usake dharma, sabhyatA, saMskRti, sAhitya, aura sAmAjika saMgaThana ke vikAsa kA vRtAnta likhate haiM, jo sAre bhArata meM samAna rupa se vikasika hue, vahA~ sAtha hI hama usa prayatna kA bhI pradarzana karate haiM, jo isa deza meM rAjanItika ekatA kI sthApanA ke lie nirantara jArI rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki hama isakA itihAsa eka sAtha likhane meM samartha hote haiN| deza darzana : (prAkRtika saundarya) hindI sAhitya ke sabhI kaviyoM ne kAvyoM ke antargata dezake sauMdarya kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| DaoN. chelabihArI gupta kRta 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' mahAkAvya meM deza kA prAkRtika saundarya kA sajIva citraNa prastuta hai - zIsa para nagarAja hema kirITa caraNa dhotI sindhu jala kI chIMTa godameM gaMgA-yamunA abhirAma brahmaputrA narmadA chavi dhaam|' *** prAkRtika dRSTi se bhArata kI sImAyeM atyanta sundara haiN| isake uttarameM himAlaya kI U~cI aura durgama parvata zrRMkhalAyeM haiN| pUrva, dakSiNa tathA pazcima meM yaha mahAsamudra dvArA ghirA huA hai| isake uttara-pazcimI aura uttara pUrvI konoM para samudra nahIM hai, para unakI sImA nirdhArita karane ke lie himAlaya kI pazcimI aura pUrvI parvata zrRMkhalAyeM dakSiNa kI ora mur3a gaI haiM, aura samudra taTa taka calI gaI haiN| himAlaya kI pazcimI parvatamAlA dakSiNa pazcimI kI ora mur3akara sapheda koha, sulebhAna aura kirathara kI pahADiyoM ke rupa 1. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.7

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124 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana meM araba sAgara taka calI gaI haiM, aura bhArata ko sindhu ghATI ko aphaghAnistAna va balocistAna se pRthaka karatI haiN| uttara pazmica kI ora bhArata kI asalI vaijJAnika sImA hindU kuza parvata hai, jo himAlaya kI parvata zrRMkhalA kA hI eka aMga hai / hindukuza parvata ke donoM ora kA pradeza jo aba aphaghAnistAna ke antargata hai, prAcInakAla meM vaha bhArata kA hI aMga thaa| uttara-pUrva meM himAlaya kI eka zrRMkhalA dakSiNa kI ora jhukatI hai, aura luzeI, nAgA va patakoI pahADiyoM ke rupa meM baMgAla kI khAr3I taka calI jAtI hai| prakRti ne bhArata ko eka vizAla durga ke samAna banAyA hai jo parvata zrRMkhalAoM aura samudra se ghirA huA hai, jaisI suMdara aura svAbhAvika sImA bhArata kI hai, vaisI vizva zAyada hI kisI anya deza kI ho / jaina mAnyatA bhI aisI hI ekatA ko prastuta karatI hai ki bhArata jambudvIpa ke dakSiNI bhAgameM sthita hai| isa ke uttara meM himavAna parvata hai aura madhya meM vijayAddha parvata / pazcima meM himavAna se nikalI huI sindhu nadI bahatI hai aura pUrva meM gaMgA nadI, jisase uttara bhArata ke tIna vibhAga ho jAte haiM, dakSiNa bhArata ke bhI pUrva, madhya aura pazcima dizAoM meM tIna vibhAga haiN| ye hI bhArata ke cha khaMDa haiM, jinheM vijaya karate koI samrATa cakravartI kI upAdhi prApta karatA thA / atIta bhArata kA citraNa : bhArata kI vartamAna paristhiyoM evaM samasyAoM para jaba hama vicAra karate haiM, to atIta aura bhaviSya ke citra barabasa merI kalpanA kI A~kho ke samakSa ubhara kara A jAte haiM / ina citroM ko vartamAna ke sAtha sambaddha kiye binA vartamAna darzana nitAnta adhUrA rahegA, bhUta aura bhAvI ke phrema meM mar3hakara hI vartamAna ke citrako sampUrNa dekhA jA sakatA hai| kavine kAvya meM atIta kA citraNa khIMcate hue likhA hai una balidAnoM kI pUjA haiM, jinase yaha bhArata deza TikA una vIroM ko zata zata praNAma A~su para jinakA zIza bikaa| " *** prAcIna bhArata ke adhyayana se vaha garimA maMDita svarNima citra hamAre samakSa upasthita ho jAtA hai| jinakI svarNa rekhAe~ purANoM aura smRtiyoM ke paTala para aMkita haiN| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI tUlikA se saMjoI huI haiN| jaina AgamoM aura anya sAhitya " vIrAyaNa", kavi mitrajI, sarga - 1, "puSpa pradIpa" pR. 26 1

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 125 meM chavimAna haiN| bauddha tripiTakoM meM bhI usakI svarNa AbhA sarvatra bikharI huI haiN| bhArata ke atIta kA vaha gaurava sirpha bhArata ke lie hI nahIM, kintu samagra vizva ke lie eka jIvana Adarza thaa| kavi raghuvIra zaraNa mitra' ne "vIrAyaNa' kAvya meM apane bhAvoM ko udbodhana karate hue likhA hai - jo tyAgI hai, vaha yoddhA hai, jo kSamAzIla hai vaha vIra vrtii| jo sahanazIla vaha dharA gagana, yuga-yuga kA sUraja dhIraja vrtii||' *** bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha vacana ki devatA bhI bhArata jaise Arya deza meM janma lene ke lie tarasate haiM / itihAsa ke una pannoM ko ulaTate hI eka virAT jIvana darzana hamAre sAmane upasthita hotA hai| tyAga, sneha aura sadbhAva kI vaha sundara tasvIra khiMca jAtI hai, jisake pratyeka raMgameM eka Adarza, preraNA aura virATa kI mohaka chaTA bharI huI hai / tyAga aura sevA kI akhaNDa jyoti jalatI huI pratIta hotI hai| kavi ne mahAvIra kAvya meM apane udgAroM ko vyakta karate hue likhA hai| samabhAva bhavo jana-jana meM, jana-mana ko zuddha bnaao| tapa aura tyAga ke jAkara ghara-ghara meM dIpa jlaaoN||2 *** isa ujjvala atIta ko dekhate hai to mana zraddhA se bhara AtA hai| bhArata ke una Adarza purUSoM ke prati kRtajJatA se mastaka jhuka jAtA hai, jinhoMne svayaM amRta prApta kiyA aura jo bhI milA use amRta bA~Tate cale ge| atIta ke isa svarNima citra ke samakSa jaba hama vartamAna bhAratIya jIvana kA citra dekhate haiM to mana sahasA vizvAsa nahIM kara pAtA ki kyA yaha usI bhArata kA citra hai ? kavi rAmakRSNa zarmAjI bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya meM apane hRdaya ke bhAvoM ko vyakta karate hue likhate haiN| zazya zyAmalA pUrNa dharA ho, hara upavana meM phUla khileN| bheda bhAvako bhUla sadAjana, prema bhAvase gale mileN||3 "vIrAyaNa', kavi mitrajI, sarga-15 "yugAntara'', pR.349 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' : kavi guptajI, sarga-8, pR.347 "bhagavAna mahAvIra' : kavi zarmAjI, pR.2

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126 jAgaraNa gIta : isa kAla ke kaviyoM ne jAgaraNa gIta likha kara deza ke yuvaka varga ko cetanA pradAna kii| gAMdhIvAda se prabhAvita ahiMsA aura anya kA jayaghoSa karane vAle jAgaraNagIta hindI kaviyoM ke kAvyoM meM milate haiM - hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana yuddha baMda- ho, puje ahiMsA, vizvazAnti ke dIpa jaleM / dharatI para ho svarga sakala jana mahAvIra ke mArga caleM / " *** zAnti ahiMsA, amRta sabake hRdaya bhro| 2 yuddha na ho isa bhU-para zastra saMhAra haTe / prAyaH pratyeka kavine deza ke naujavAnoM me svadezAbhimAna jAgaraNa kiyA aura mukti kA saMdeza preSi kiyaa| ina ke gItoM meM Akroza aura karUNA ke svara mizrita hai / subhadrAkumArI cauhAna ne "vIroM kA kaisA ho vasaMta" aura " jhA~sI kI rAnI" jaise gIta likhakara preraNA kI cinagArI phUMka dI / abhiyAna gIta : jAgaraNa gItoM kI taraha abhiyAna gIta isa yuga meM rASTrIya cetanA ko uttejita karane hetu likhe ge| ina gItoM meM rASTra kA darpa aura oja hI pratidhvanita huA / inameM sevA, tyAga aura karmayoga kI bhAvanAe~ sarvopari thIM, jina meM svarAjya kA janmasiddha bhAva mukharita ho rahA thA / prAyaH pratyeka kavi " bar3he calo " kI preraNA dekara kaThinAIyoM, durgamatAoM ko pAra karane kA maMtra pradAna kara rahA thA / vartamAna bhArata kA citraNa : 1. 2. kavi apane yuga kA yathArtha citra aMkita karatA hai / vaha apane dAyitva kA nirvAha usa citere kI bhA~ti karatA hai jo apane citra dvArA yugako mahAna dRSTi pradAna karatA hai / kavi apane kAvya-sRjana dvArA yuga meM vyApta asat tatvoM kA yarthArtha aMkana kara use dUra karane ke lie jana-mAnasa taiyAra karatA hai / usakI paddhati krAMti kI bhI ho sakatI hai aura zAMti kI bhI / 1 'bhagavAna mahAvIra " : kavi zarmAjI, vahI, "AratI" pR. 8 pR. 3

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 127 hindI - kaviyoM ne apanI kAvya racanAoM meM yuga kA jo yathArtha aMkana kiyA hai vaha cirasmaraNIya hai / kavine krAnti ke svara meM jayaghoSa kara deza ko naI dizA dI, 1 aura sAhitya ko nayA rupa / - Aja kA manuSya dizA -hIna sA ur3atA jA rahA hai| jise rUkane kI phursata nahIM haiM, aura sAmane koI maMjila nahIM haiN| apane kSudra, svArtha, daihika bhoga aura hIna manograMthiyoM se vaha isa prakAra grasta ho gayA hai ki usakI virATtA usake atIta, Adarza, usakI akhaNDa rASTrIya bhAvanA saba kucha lupta ho gaI haiM / jo vyakti satya, saMyama, karUNA aura samatA ko hRdayameM dhAraNa karatA hai / vahI vyakti vizva - vijaya kI unnatta sIr3hI para caDha sakatA hai / kintu jo krodhAgni meM dina rAta jalatA rahatA hai vaha mAnava akhaNDa rASTrIya ekatA kI bhAvanA ko jAgRta nahIM kara sakatA / parantu jIvana meM saba kucha kho detA hai / afat kAvya meM usa krodhAndha vyakti kI sthiti kA varNana karate hue likhA hai - I aise hI pala meM to mAnava nija buddhitva ko kho detA / Aveza bharA kucha bhI karatA, sabakucha eka bAre meM kho detA // 1 *** bhAratIya cintana ne manuSya ke jisa virAT rupa kI parikalpanA kI thI vaha Aja kahA~ ? hajAroM hajAra caraNa milakara jisa akhaNDa mAnavatA kA nirmANa karate the, jisa akhaNDa rASTrIya cetanA kA vikAsa hotA thA, Aja usake darzana kahA~ ho rahe haiM ? Aja kI saMkIrNa manovRttiyA~ dekhakara mana kulabulA uThatA hai ki kyA vAstava meM hI mAnava itanA kSudra aura itanA dIna-hIna hotA jA rahA hai ki apane kSudra svArthI aura apane kartavyoM ke Age pUrNa virAma lagAkara baiTha gayA hai| svayaM kA hI nahIM, par3ozI ke prati bhI kucha kartavya hai, kucha hita hai| samAja, deza aura rASTra ke lie bhI koI kartavya hotA hai, isake lie bhI socie / bhArata kA darzana neti neti kahatA AyA hai, isakA artha hai ki jitanA Apa socate haiM ora jitanA Apa karateM haiM utanA hI saba kucha nahIM haiM, usase Age bhI ananta satya hai, kartavya ke ananta kSetra par3e haiN| magara Aja hama yaha saMdeza bhUlate jA rahe haiM aura hara cintana kartavya ke Age iti iti lagAte jA rahe haiM yaha kSudratA yaha baunApana 1. - "" 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra": kavi yodheyajI, caturtha sopAna, "krodha", pR. 150

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128 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana Aja rASTra ke lie sabase bar3A saMkaTa haiN| rASTrIya cetanA ko jAgRta karanA ho to mAnava ke guNa hI mAnava ko unnatta-zreSTha banA sakatA hai, vahI mAnava eka dina deva svarupa dhAraNa kara letA hai| "jaya mahAvIra" kAvya meM isI bhAva ko pragaTa karate hue likhate haiM - guNa hI mAnava ko mAnava se unnatta zreSTha banAte haiN| apanepana ko vikasita karake manuja deva bana jAte haiN| 1 rASTrIya-svAbhimAna kI kamI: Aja manuSya meM rASTrIya svAbhimAna kI kamI ho rahI hai / rASTrIya cetanA lupta ho rahI hai| apane choTe-se ghoMsale ke bAhara dekhane kI vyApaka dRSTi samApta ho rahI haiN| jaba taka rASTrIya svAbhimAna jAgRta nahIM hotA, taba taka kucha bhI sudhAra nahIM hogA / gharameM dukAna meM yA daphtara meM kahIM bhI Apa baiTheM, magara rASTrIya svAbhimAna ke sAthe baitthe| apane hara kArya ko apane kSudra hita kI dRSTi se nahIM, rASTra ke gaurava kI dRSTi se dekhane kA prayatna kiijie| Apake andara aura paDozI ke andara jaba taka eka hI prakAra kI rASTrIya cetanA jAgRta hogI taba eka samAna anubhUti hogI aura Apa ke bhItara rASTrIya svAbhimAna jAga uThegA - vyakti pramukha ikAI hotI, rAja samAja vyakti se bntaa| vyakti kI nirmalatA se hI, sarva zuddhatA sAnaka tanatA // kevala vyakti bane vikasita to, sarva samAja bhI vikasita hotaa| rASTra banegA pUrNa zuddha phira, sArA jagata ullasita hogaa| kavi "vidyAcaMdrasUri" ne mahAvIra kAvya meM bhagavAna kI amRtamaya vANI kA upadeza dete haiM ki jisake jIvana meM satya, ahiMsA aura anekAnta roma-roma meM vyApta haiM vahI vyakti kalyANa kI maMjila ko prApta kara sakatA haiM, vahI vyakti rASTrIya ekatA kA anubhava kara sakatA hai - "jaya mahAvIra' : kavi mANakacandajI, paMcama sarga, pR.50 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tIrthaMkara ciMtana", sarga-21, pR.228

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san 1947 meM jaba hama AjAda hue the, una dinoM meM hamAre andara rASTrIyabhAva gU~ja rahA thA jo hama saba ko paraspara joDe hue thA / taba na rizvata kI zikAyata thI, na bhraSTAcAra kI, kintu dhIre-dhIre vAtAvaraNa badala gyaa| kucha loga zAsaka bana gae, kucha adhikArI aura jaba unhoMne dekhA ki kucha apane riztedAra haiM, jAna-pahacAnavAle haiM, unakA bhI kucha kAma bananA cAhie to bhraSTAcAra phailane lagA / hamAre andara kA rASTrIya dRSTikoNa lupta hotA gyaa| samasyA ko hama rASTrIya dRSTi sthAna para vaiyakti ke dRSTi se dekhane lage / kavi ne kAvya ke dvArA hRdaya ke udgAroM ko abhivyakta kiyA hai - upadeza yahIM thA prabhu kA mAnava mAnava hI bhAI / mAnava ke bIca ghRNA kI kyoM vyartha khodate khAI // *** Aja paisA to kamAte haiM, para yaha samajhane lage ki sArvajanika kAryoM meM kharca karanA to sarakAra kA kAma hai| paisA unake pAsa ikaTThA hotA jAtA hai aura ve janatA ke ghRNApAtra bana jAte haiN| varga vidveSa, prAntIya vigraha inhIM ghRNAoM ke pariNAma haiN| isakA ilAja yahI hai ki hamAre bhItara rASTrIya bhAvanA jage / hama apane vyaktitva ko hIna nahIM samajhe aura apane vyaktitva ko samAna hI pratyeka vyaktitva kA Adara kreN| maiM socatI hU~ ki gAMdhIjI kI rAmarAjya kI kalpanA ko caritArtha karane ke lie sabase pahale hameM rASTrIya mUlyAMkana kI paddhati ko badalanA hogaa| dRSTikoNa meM parivartita karanA hogaa| apane vyakti kA vikAsa dhana yA sattA se nahIM, kintu apane Atmabala se karanA hogaa| isI AdhAra para samUce rASTra kA mUlyAMkana AMkanA hogaa| rASTrIya jIvana meM saMyama aura cAritra kI pradhAnatA sthApita karanI hogI / taponiSTha bananA hogA / tapa kA 1. 2. " carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra " : kavi vidyAcandrasUri, pada- 255, pR. 67 " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-8, pR. 345.

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130 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana artha sirpha sahana karanA hI nahIM, kintu sahiSNutA, udAratA aura zrama niSThA ko mahatva denA hai| satya kI rAha para calanA hogaa| aMta meM satya kI vijaya hotI hai| kavi abhayajIne satya kA vizleSaNa karate hue kAvya ke eka pada meM likhA hai - satya manuja kI kaDI hai, isa para vahI kharA utre| jisakA hRdaya kharA sonA ho, tapakara vahI kharA utare // *** pratyeka vyakti meM rASTrIya cetanA jagegI, rASTrIya gaurava kI anubhUti hogI aura rASTra unake gauravazAlI vyaktitva se unake caritra aura Atmabala se samRddha hogA to phira rAmarAjya kI kalpanA pariyoM kI deza kI kahAnI nahIM, kintu isI dharatI kA jItA jAgatA citra hogA, aisA merA dRDha vizvAsa hai| ***** mahAvIrakAlIna yugIna paristhitiyA~ rAjanItika paristhitiyA~: rAjanItika dRSTi se bhI, mahAbhArata-yuddha ke uparAnta bhAratIya rAjanIti chinnabhinna ho gaI thii| rASTrIya ekatA kA abhAva ho cukA thaa| usa samaya eka nahIM, aneka rAjA the aura sabhI apane-apane rAjya meM pUrNa svAdhIna the| phira bhI itanA avazya yA ki janatA apane nAgarika adhikAroM ke saMrakSaNa meM pUrNatayA jAgarUka thii| rAjA ke anyAyI yA atyAcArI hone para use padacyuta bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| zaktizAlI rAjA dUsare nirbala rAjya para AkramaNa kara lUTa-khasoTa macAtA thaa| kAzI kauzala, vaizAlI, kapilavastu Adi aneka rAjyoM meM gaNatantrIya praNAlI thii| aMga magadha, vatsa, siMdhu-sauvIra, avaMtI Adi dezoM meM jahA~ rAjatantra thaa| kavine kAvya meM tatkAlIna rAjanItika sthiti ko ubhArA hai - prajAtantra meM rAjatantra thA, rAjatantra meM kriiddaa| rAjAoM kI manamAnI thI, nAca rahI thI vrIr3A / 1. "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "satya" caturthasopAna, pR.138

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana namaH deza ke naye prahariyoM ! namaH purAnI chaayaa| nAca rahI hai nacA rahI hai, adhikAroM kI mAyA // ' ___ *** rAjatantra meM sAmAnya jana dhArmika ruDhiyoM va sAmAjika dAsatA se pIr3ita thaa| choTI-choTI bAtoM ko lekara gaNarAjyoM meM bhI yuddha Thana jAte the| rAjAoM kI taraha dhanika vyApArIvarga bhI pazuoM kI bhA~ti manuSyoM ko gulAma banAtA thA / dAsa-dAsiyoM kA lambA-caur3A parivAra unakI sevA meM svayaM ko samarpita kiye khar3A rahatA thaa| isa prakAra rAjanaitika dRSTi se bhI yaha samaya uthala puthala thaa| usa meM sthiratA va ekarupatA nahIM thii| kaI sthAnoM para prajAtantra gaNarAjya the, jinameM niyamita rupa se pratinidhiyoM kA cunAva hotA thaa| jo pratinidhi rAjya-maNDala yA sAMthAgAra ke sadasya hote, ve janatA ke vyApaka hitoM kA bhI dhyAna rakhate the| tatkAlIna gaNarAjyoM meM licchavI gaNarAjya sabase prabala thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thii| mahArAjA ceTaka isa gaNarAjya ke pradhAna the| mahAvIra svAmI kI mAtA trizalA inhIM mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahina thii| kAzI aura kauzala ke pradeza bhI isI gaNarAjya meM zAmila inakI vyvsthaapikaa-sbhaa| "vajjiyana rAjasaMgha" kahalAtI thii| licchavI gaNarAjya ke atirikta zAkya gaNarAjya kA bhI vizeSa mahatva thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI "kapilavastu" thii| isake pradhAna mahArAjA zuddhodana the, jo gautama buddha ke pitA the| ina gaNarAjyoM ke alAvA mallagaNa rAjya, jisa kI rAjadhAnI kuzInArA aura pAvA thI, kolya, gaNarAjya, AmlakaSyA, buligaNa, pippalivana ke morIyagaNa Adi kaI choTe choTe gaNarAjya bhI the| ina gaNarAjyoM ke atirikta magadha, uttarI kauzala, vatsa, avanti, kaliMga, aMga, baMga Adi katipaya svataMtra rAjya bhI the| ina gaNarAjyoM meM paraspara maitrIpUrNa sambandha the / dezakI zAsana vyavasthA eka ora gaNarAjyoM kI lokatantrAtmaka paddhati para Adharita thI aura dUsarI ora rAjatantra vyavasthA svataMtra rupase vikasita ho rahI thii| gaNatantroM meM pArasparika IrSyA-dveSa evaM dalabaMdI vidyamAna thii| rAjyoM meM paraspara spardhA banI rahatI thii| rAjanIti ke kSetra meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI upalabdhi kisI prakAra kama nahIM kahIM jA sktii| jisa saMkrAMti kAla meM unakA janma huA thA, vaha rAjanIti kA bhI 1. "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "puSpa pradIpa', sarga-1, pR.26

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132 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana sarvathA hrAsakAla thA / bhArata ne prajAtaMtra kA navIna prayoga kara jo kIrti prApta kI thI, usa prajAtaMtra kA mAtra DhAMcA hI zeSa raha gayA thA / prajAtaMtra meM bhI adhinAyakavAda kA ubharatA pracaMDa kAlA nAga janatA kA raktapAna karane lagA thA / prajAtaMtra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI meM jananAyaka jana se haTakara kevala nAyaka ke Asana para AzIna ho cuke the / aura to kyA, rAjA aura rAjA se upara mahArAjA kA ucca Asana bhI rikta nahIM thA, tatkAlIna, prajAtantroM meM / itihAsa mahArAjA ceTaka ko hamAre sAmane sarvAdhikAra prApta mahArAjA ke rupa meM hI upasthita karatA hai / svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma jJAtR gaNataMtra ke vaibhavazAlI eka bhrAMta rAjakula meM huA thA / prajAtantra kI aneka AlokataMtrIya khAmiyoM ne, nitya ke honevAle utpIr3anoM ne hI bhagavAna ko tathAkathita prajAtaMtrI jananAyakoM tathA eka taMtrI niraMkuza rAjAoM ke viruddha bolane ko vivaza kara diyA thA / yahA~ taka ki unhone apane bhikSuoM ko rAjakIya anna taka bhI grahaNa karane kA niSedha kara diyA thA / unhone kevala AnevAle kaThina bhaviSya kI ora tatkAlIna jananAyakoM kA dhyAna hI AkRSTa nahIM karAyA, unheM sahI rUpa meM janapratinidhi ke yogya kartavya - pAlana kI cetAvanI bhI dii| mahAvIra ne kahA thA - koI kaisA hI mahAna kyoM na ho, mahAAraMbha aura mahAparigraha naraka ke dvAra hai / ' samagra bhAva se prajA ke prati anukampAzIla honA hI rAjA kA sahI artha meM rAjatva hai| yadi aura kucha uccatara pAvana karma nahIM kara sakate ho to kama se kama sAdhAraNa Arya karma to karo / rAjanIti ke kSetra yaha kitanA mahAna udbodhana thA ! kauna kaha sakatA hai ki vaizAlI janataMtra kA vighaTana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ukta sAmya dharma ko yathArupa meM grahaNa na karane kAraNa hI nahIM huA ? yadi vaizAlI ke jananAyaka apane ko sAmyabhUmi para utAra pAte, bikhare janagaNa ko samadharmA rUpa meM apanAne kA sAhasa apanAte to vaizAlI kA janamAnasa kabhI vighaTita nahIM hotA / magadha kI rAjazakti vaizAlI ko cirakAla meM bhI dhvasta nahIM kara pAtI / sAmAjika paristhitiyA~ : vardhamAna mahAvIra krAntikArI vyaktitva ko lekara pragaTa hue| unameM svastha samAja ke nirmANa aura Adarza vyaktitva ke nirmANa kI tar3apa thI / yadyapi svayaM unake lie samasta aizvarya upalabdha the, tathApi unakA mana unameM nahIM lgaa| ve jisa biMdu para vyakti aura samAja ko le jAnA cAhate the usake anukUla paristhitiyA~ usa samaya na 1. kalpasUtra

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana thii| dhArmika jar3atA aura andha zraddhA ne sabako purUSArtha rahita banA diyA thA, Arthika viSamatA apane pUre ubhAra para thii| jAti bheda aura sAmAjika vaiSamya samAja meM AsUra bana cUke the| gatAnugatikatA kA chora pakar3a kara hI sabhI cale jA rahe the| isa viSama aura cetanA rahita pariveza meM mahAvIra kA dAyitva mahAn thA rAjagharAne meM janma lekara bhI unhone apane dAyitya ko smjhaa| dUsaroM ke prati sahAnubhUti ke bhAva unameM jage aura eka krAMtidarzI vyaktitva ke rupa meM ve sAmane Aye, jisane sabako jAgRta kara diyA, apaneapane kartavyoM kA bhAna karA diyA aura vyakti tathA samAja ko bhUla bhUlaiyA se bAhara nikAla kara sahI dizA-nirdeza hI nahIM kiyA varan unakA mArga bhI prazasta kara diyaa| vAstava meM sAmAjika kSetra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena ko sarvathA krAntikArI dena kahA jaayegaa| samatva kI carcA manuSya samAja meM prathama bAra unake dvArA punarjIvita huI, vyavahAra meM samatA kA jIvana manuSyoM ko prathama bAra unake dvArA prApta huaa| zudra aura nArI samAja ke lie unhoMne utthAna kA mArga prazasta kara diyaa| cirapatitoM aura upekSitoM ke jIvana meM prathama bAra jAgRti aaii| yugAntara spaSTa darzita hone lgaa| zUdroM kI chAyA se apavitra hone kI AzaMkA pavitra viproM ke lie nahIM raha gii|' nArI ko kevala bhogya yA dAsI banAkara nArakIya jIvana bitAne kI AjJA denevAloM ko apanI krUratA kA pazcAtAp hone lagA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma se pUrva kA itihAsa Aja alabhya nahIM raha gayA hai|hm usake purAtana pRSToM meM samAja kA jo hRdayadrAvaka rupa pAte haiM, usake smaraNa mAtra se romAMca ho AtA hai| bAjAra meM khule Ama mAtR-jAti kA kraya-vikraya hotA thA, unheM pazuoM kI taraha kharIdane ke lie sar3akoM para boliyA~ lagAI jAtI thii| itanA hI kyoM, yadi ina dAsa-dAsiyoM kI mRtyu svAmI kI pratADanAoM se ho jAtI thI, to usakI sunavAI ke lie kahIM sthAna nahIM thaa| kaisI viDambanA thI ki una dAsoM ke hAthoM bhikSA grahaNa karane meM bhikSuka bhI apanA apamAna mAnate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prathama bAra isa jaghanya vRtti ke lie samAja ko cetAvanI dii| sRjanAtmaka viplavI ghoSaNA kii| itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM caMdanabAlA kI kaSTa kathA tatkAlina manuSya samAja kI dAnavI-pravRtti evaM sAmAjika vikRti donoM ko hI ujAgara karanevAlI kathA hai| mahAvIra kI krAntidharmitA kA pahalA AyAma hai sAmAjika kSetra / tatkAlIna uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 12 vA~ adhyayana mahAvIra cariyaM guNacandra

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134 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana samAja spaSTa rupa se do vargoM meM vibhakta thA / kulIna tathA nimna varga / jinheM hama zoSaka evaM zoSita varga ke rUpa meM samajha sakate haiM / atyAcAra tathA zoSaNa kI Ar3a meM tathAkathita ucca varga ne sAre adhikAroM kA kendrIkaraNa karake zoSika varga ko ghuTa-ghuTa kara jIvana yApana karane ko majabUra kiyaa| kavi ne tatkAlIna kAvya meM amIra-garIba varga kA citraNa prastuta kiyA hai ye dhana kubera nita banA bhavya prAdAsa sadana sukha kI abhilASA aura adhika jAgRta pala kSaNa vaha bhI mAnava - gRha hIna ki ni:saMbala nirbala re dIna hIna jo sadA bhogatA duHkha kevala' tatkAlIna samAja meM cAroM ora jAtivAda kA bolabAlA thA / jA~ti - pA~ti kI saMkIrNa sImAeM, varNa-bheda kI amAnavIya viSamatAe~ U~ca-nIca kI dAnavI bhAvanAe~, chUA-chUta kI manamAnI kalpanAe~ mAnava samAja ke nasa nasa meM gaharI paiTha gaI thI / sAmAjika maryAdAyeM TUTane lgiiN| rUDhiyoM aura andha vizvAsoM ke nirvAha hetu honevAle vyaya ne unakI sthiti aura bhI dayanIya banA dI / daheja kA dUSaNa samAja ko kalaMkitA banA rahA thaa| samAja meM vyabhicAra panapa rahA thA Arthika vaiSamya ke kAraNa samAja meM dveSa aura saMgharSa baDha rahe the / dharma- netA purohitoM ke hAtha meM samAja kI sArI zakti kendrita thii| samAja ke sUtradhAra aura bhAgyavidhAtA hone ke nAte unhone mana cAhI karane meM koI uThA rakhI thii| unakI yaha sArvabhauma zakti na yogyatA para nirbhara thI, na sevA para aura na sadAcAra aura satkarma kI ucca maryAdAoM para / vaha thI eka mAtra bapautI para AdhArita / ina zakti kA prayoga purohita varga ne itanI ucchRMkhalatA ke sAtha kiyA ki jisase dUsare mukta sAMsa bhI na le skeN| vahA~ brAhmaNa ke yahA~ janma le lene mAtra se pavitratA evaM uccatA kA mAnapatra mila jAtA thA; phira cAhe vaha kitanA hI patha-bhraSTa kyoM na ho / zAstroM ke paThana pAThana kA eka mAtra adhikAra brAhmaNa varga ko hI thA aura zudra, vaha cAhe - "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra", kavi guptajI, sarga - 2, pR. 64

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 135 kitanA hI saccaritra yogya evaM prabhAvazAlI kyoM na ho, veda paDhanA to dUra, yadi vaha kahIM vedamantra suna bhI le, to unake kAnoM meM ubalatA huA garama garama zIzA bhara diyA jAtA thaa| zUdroM kI chAyA taka se paraheja kiyA jAtA thaa| Ama rAstoM para calane taka kI una ke lie manA hI thI janmajAta pavitratA aura jAtapAta tathA U~ca-nIca kI AsurI sImAoM ne mAnavatA ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye the| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra yugIna samAja, jAtigata, zreSThatA, svArtha, saMgharSa aura vemanasya kI bhAvanAoM se jarjara aura pIr3ita ho rahA thA / krUra, svArtha aura lipsA kA citraNa dekhie : hiMsA aura asatya jagata para apane paje gAr3e the| krUra svArtha, lipsA aura kAmamAnavatA ke Ar3e the| *** aise samaya meM rAjasattA aura apAra vaibhava ko Thokara mArakara mahAvIra akiMcana bana AtmakalyANa evaM lokakalyANa ke lie sAdhanA ke patha para baDhe cle| sADhe bAraha varSa kI kaThora tapasyA ke bAda unhone krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| tathA kathita nimna varga ko gale lagAyA aura unameM vyApta hIna bhAvanA ko samApta kara vizvAsa kA vyApaka sambala pradAna kiyaa| unhone spaSTa rupa se kahA ki janma se koI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra nahIM hotA, vyakti kA karma hI use aisA banAtA hai| __ usa samaya nArI jAti kI avasthA bhI zocanIya thI nArI jo cAra dIvAroM meM kaida thii| bAjAroM meM khulleAma nAriyoM kI bolI lagatI thii| kavi ne kAvya meM nArI kI isI dayanIya sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai - bhUkha-pyAsa se pIr3itanArI nIlAmI para caDhatI thI adhanaMgI kAyA para kodd'e| khAtI thI aura haMsatI thii|| *** "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra", kavi yodheyajI, prathama sarga-36 2. vahI, pR.37

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136 vivAha prathA : vivAha - vyavasthA, prAcInakAla se lekara Aja taka mAnavIya samAja vyavasthA kA eka mahatvapUrNa aMga rahI hai / dhArmika dRSTi se vaha svapatnI yA svapati santoSavrata kI I vyavasthA karatA hai / jisakA tAtparya hai vyakti ko apanI kAma vAsanA ko svapati yA svapatnI taka sImita rakhanA caahie| matalaba yaha hai ki yadi brahmacarya kA pAlana sambhava na ho to vivAha kara lenA cAhie / vivAha vidhi ke sambandha meM AcAryo kI kyA dhAraNA thI, isakI sUcanA hameM AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM prApta nahIM hotI hai| jainavivAha vidhi kA pracalana paryApta rUpa se paravartI hai aura dakSiNa ke digambara AcAryoM kI hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana / na hai to hindU vivAha vidhi kA jainIkaraNa mAtra hai| uttara bhArata ke jainoM meM to vivAha vidhi ko hindUdharma ke anusAra hI sampAdita kiyA jAtA hai| Aja bhI zvetAMbara jainoM meM apanI koI vivAha paddhati nahIM hai| jaina AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM se jo sUcanA hameM milatI hai / usake anusAra yugaliyA kAla ke yugala rUpa se utpanna honevAle bhAI-bahana kI yuvAvasthA meM pati-patnI kA jIvana vyatIta karate the / jaina purANoM ke anusAra sarvaprathama RSabhadeva se hI vivAha prathA kA Arambha huA / ' unhone bhAI-bahanoM ke sthApita honevAle yauna sambandha ( vivAha praNAlI) ko asvIkAra kara diyA / unakI donoM putriyoM brAhmI aura suMdarI ne AjIvana brahmacAriNI rahane kA nirNaya kiyA / phalataH bharata aura bAhubAli kA anya vaMzo kI kanyAoM se vivAha kiyA gyaa| jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Agamika kAla taka strI vivAha sambandhI nirNaya karane ko svataMtra thI aura adhikAMza vivAha unakI sammati se hI kiye jAte the / jaisA ki 'jJAtA' meM mallI aura dropadI ke kathAnakoM se jJAta hotA hai / jJAtAdharmakathA meM pitA spaSTa rupa se putrI se kahatA hai ki yadi maiM tere lie pati cunatA hU~ to vaha tere lie sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai, isalie acchA yahI hogA tUM apane pati kA cayana svayaM hI kara / mallI aura draupadI ke lie svayambaroM kA Ayojana kiyA gayA thA / pUrvayuga meM brAhmI, suMdarI, mallI, Agamika yuga meM caMdanabAlA, jayantI Adi aisI aneka striyoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM, jinhone AjIvana brahmacarya kA pAlana svIkAra 2 1. 2. Avazyaka cUrNi, bhA. 1, pR. 152 jJAtAdharmakathA - mallI evaM draupadI kathAnaka

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 137 kiyA aura vivAha asvIkAra kara diyaa|' Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM upalabdha vivAha ke vividha rUpoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA haiN| vivAha ke vividha prakAra : ____ mahAvIra svAmI ke pUrva meM ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM kA ullekha AtA hai| (1) bAhya vivAha :- jaba pitA apanI kanyA ko vastra va AbhUSaNoM se susajjita kara kisI yogya vara ko pradAna kare, to isa prakAra ke vivAha ko bAhya vivAha kahA jAtA thaa| (2) prAjyApatya vivAha :- jaba vara aura kanyA kA vivAha-prAjyApatya dharma kI vRddhi (santAnotpatti)ke lie kiyA jAya, aura pitA isI uddezya se kisI yogya vara ko apanI kanyA pradAna kare to use "prAjyApatya' vivAha kahate the| (3) ArSa vivAha : - isa meM vara kI ora se kanyA ko gau Adi bheTa meM denI hAtI thii| vadhU kI prApti ke lie vara kanyA pakSa ko dakSiNA detA thaa| (4) devayajJa meM Rtva k kA karma karate hue jAmAtA ko alaMkAra Adi se vibhUSita kanyA pradAna karake jo vivAha kiyA jAtA thA, use "deva' kahate the| (5) Asura :- kanyA pakSa ko bharapUra dhana dekara santuSTa kara kanyA prApta karake jo vivAha hotA thA, vaha "Asura" kahalAtA thaa| (6) gAndharva :- paraspara svacchanda prema ke kAraNa vara aura kanyA apanI icchA se jo vivAha karate the, use gAndharva kahate the| (7) rAkSasa :- kanyA kA jabaradastI apaharaNa kara jo vivAha hotA thA, vaha rAkSasa kahAtA thaa| (8) pezAca :- madya Adi ke sevana se masta huI kanyA se vivAha sambandha sthApita kara lene para aise vivAha ko "pezAca" kahate the| ina ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM meM se pahale cAra vivAha dharmAnukUla mAne jAte the| pichale cAra vivAha AryamaryAdA ke viruddha the| para unakA bhI usa yuga meM pracalana ho gayA thaa| ataH unheM kAnUna kI dRSTi svIkArya mAnA jAtA thaa| usa samaya kSatriyoM meM rAkSasa vivAha kA pracalana bahuta bar3ha gayA thaa| mahAbhArata ke aneka sthaloM para ina vividha prakAra ke vivAhoM ke guNa doSoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| 1. Avazyaka cUrNi, bhAga-1, pR.142-143.

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138 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bAla-vivAha : usa kAla meM bAla-vivAha kI prathA kA bhI prAraMbha ho gayA thA tathA niyoga kI prathA bhI pracalita thii| pati ke mara jAne para strI devara ke sAtha niyoga karake santAnotpatti kara sakatI hai| yadi pati jIvita ho, to bhI strI pati kI anumati se niyoga kara sakatI thii| pANDavoM kI mAtA kuntI ne yudhiSThira Adi jo putra utpanna kiye the, ve niyoga dvArA hI utpanna hue the| isake lie use usake pati pANDa ne Adeza diyA thaa| pANDu svayaM santAnotpatti meM asamartha thaa| jaina-yuga meM vidhipUrvaka vivAha to hotA hI thA, sAtha hI ukta avasara para ucita daheja bhI diyA jAtA thaa| vizeSatA yaha bhI thI ki ukta daheja vara kA pitA apane putra evaM putra vadhU ko detA thaa| daheja meM jIvanopayogI Avazyaka vastue~ rahatI thii| ___ sAmAnyatayA punarvivAha kA pracalana nahIM thA kintu vaizya evaM nimna varga meM kanyAoM kA yadAkadA punarvivAha bhI ho jAtA thaa| aise vivAha usa paristhiti meM hote the jaba kanyA pati dvArA choDa dI jAtI thii| samAja meM vivAha viccheda bhI pAyA jAtA thA kintu nArI kI apekSA nara hI isakA prayoga adhika karatA thaa| bahupatitvaprathA kA prAyaH abhAva thA jaba ki bahupatnItva-prathA apanI carama sImA para thii| bahupati aura bahupatnI prathA : . vivAha saMsthA ke sandarbha meM eka mahatvapUrNa prazna bahuvivAha kA bhI hai| isake do rupa haiM bahupatnI prathA aura bahupati prathA / yaha spaSTa hai ki draupadI ke eka apavAda ko choDakara hindU aura jaina donoM hI paramparAoM ne nArI ke sambandha meM eka pati-prathA kI avadhAraNA ko hI svIkAra kiyA aura bahupati prathA ko dhArmika dRSTi se anucita mAnA gyaa| jainAcAryoM ne draupadI ke bahupati hone kI avadhAraNA ko isa AdhAra para aucitya pUrNa batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki sukumAlikA AryA ke bhava meM usane apane tapa ke prabhAva pA~ca pati prApta karane kA nidAna (nizcayakara) liyA thaa| ataH ise pUrvakarma kA phala mAnakara santoSa kiyA gyaa| kintu dUsarI aura purUSa ke sambandha meM bahupatnIkI prathA kI spaSTa avadhAraNA AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM milatI hai| inameM aise aneka sandarbha haiM jahA~ purUSoM ko bahu vivAha karate dikhAyA gayA haiN| duHkha to yaha hai ki unakI isa pravRtti kI samAlocanA bhI nahIM kI gaI hai| 1. jJAtA dharma kathA, utkSipta nAmaka adhyAya-16, pR.467, sampAdaka-zobhacandra bhArilla

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 139 upAsaka dazA meM zrAvaka ke svapatnI santoSavrata ke aticAroM kA ullekha milatA hai, usameM "paravivAhakaraNa" ko aticAra yA doSa mAnA gayA hai| "paravivAhakaraNa" kI vyAkhyA meM usakA eka artha dUsarA vivAha karanA batAyA gayA hai| ataH hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki jainoM kA Adarza eka patnIvrata hI rahA hai / bahupatnI prathA ke AvirbhAva para vicAra kareM to hama pAte haiM ki yaugalika kAla taka bahupatnI prathA pracalita nahIM thI / Avazyaka cUrNi ke anusAra sarvaprathama RSabhadeva ne do vivAha kiye the| kintu unake dUsarA vivAha isalie Avazyaka ho gayA thA ki eka yugala meM puruSa kI akAla mRtyu ho jAne ke kAraNa usa strI ko surakSA pradAna karane kI dRSTi se Avazyaka thA / kintu jaba Age calakara strI ko eka sampatti ke rupa meM dekhA jAne lagA to svAbhAvika rupa se strI ke prati anugraha kI bhAvanA ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu apanI kAma vAsanApUrti aura sAmAjika pratiSThA ke lie bahuvivAha kI prathA Arambha ho gii| yahA~ hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yadyapi samAja meM bahuvivAha kI prathA pracalita thI kintu ise jaina dharma sammata eka AcAra mAnanA anucita hogaa| jaina Agama aura Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM yadyapi purUSa ke dvArA bahuvivAha ke aneka sandarbha upalabdha hote haiM, kintu hameM eka bhI aisA sandarbha nahIM milatA jahA~ koI vyakti gRhasthopAsaka ke vratoM ko svIkAra karaneke pazcAt bahu vivAha karatA hai / yadyapi aise sandarbha to hai ki munivrata yA zrAvaka vrata svIkAra karane ke aneka gRhasthopAsakoM ko eka se adhika patniyA~ thI / kintu vrata svIkAra karane ke pazcAt kisI ne apanI patniyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi kI ho, aisA eka bhI sandarbha mujhe nahIM milA / Adarza sthiti to eka patnI prathA ko hI mAnA jAtA thaa| upAsakadazA meM 10 pramukha upAsakoM meM kevala eka hI eka se adhika patniyA~ thiiN| zeSa sabhI ko eka-eka patnI thI, sAtha hI usameM zrAvakoM ke vratoM ke jo aticAra batAye gaye haiM unameM svapatnI santoSavratakA eka aticAra paravivAhakaraNa hai / yadyapi kucha jainacAryo ne "paravivAhakaraNa" kA artha svasantAna ke atirikta anyoM kI saMtAnoM kA vivAha sambandha karavAnA mAnA hai, kintu upAsakadazAMga kI TIkA meM AcArya abhayadevane isakA artha eka se adhika vivAha karanA mAnA hai / ataH hama yaha kaha sakate hai ki dhArmika AdhAra para jaina dharma bahupatnI prathA kA samarthaka nahIM hai / bahupatnI 2 2. upAsaka dazAMga, adhyAya-, pR. 42 vahI, abhayadeva kRta vRtti, pR.43

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140 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prathA kA uddezya to vAsanA meM AkaNTha DUbanA hai, jo nivRttipradhAna jaina dharma kI mUla bhAvanA ke anukUla nahIM hai| vidhavA vivAhaH vidhavA ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI nArI kI avasthA meM sAmAnyatayA koI antara nahIM AtA thA usa samaya bAla kaTavAnA, raMgIna vastra na pahananA, mAMgalika kAryo meM upasthita na rahanA Adi hInAvasthA-sUcaka kArya vidhavA striyoM ke lie Avazyaka kRtya nahIM the aura na hI satI honI kI dArUNa prathA kA hI astitva thaa| vidhavA strI ke lie viyukta pati kI sampatti, jJAti-purUSoM kA saMrakSaNa yA parapurUSa kA grahaNa jIvanayApana ke pramukha the| kabhI-kabhI ukta tInoM sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM strI varga bhikSuNI saMgha ko hI apane jIvanayApana kA sAdhana banAtI thiiN| vidhavAoM kA punarvivAha samAja se mAnya nahIM thA, tathA aisI vidhavA striyoM kA, jinakA pati mara jAtA thA, punarvivAha nahIM hotA thaa| AgamakAla meM niyoga jaisI prathA kA bhI pracalana nahIM thaa| vastataH jaina dharma meM vivAha evaM santAnotpatti ko, prazraya na milane se usa samaya na to vidhavA sAmAjika ghRNA kI pAtra hotI thI aura nahIM santAnaprApti ke hutu punarvivAha yA niyoga prathA kA apanAnA uttama mAnA jAtA thaa| dAsI prathAH - paricArikAoM meM dAsiyoM kA Adhikya thaa| ye prAyaH pratyeka sampanna parivAra meM rakhI jAtI thii| una para, unake svAmI-varga kA pUrNa adhikAra hotA thA aura jaba svAmI se dAsatA se mukti prApta karatI thI tabhI mukta samajhI jAtI thii| striyA~ cAra prakAra se dAsiyA~ bana jAtI thI -dAsI kI kukSi meM janma lene se, kisI se kharIdI jAne para, pratikUla paristhiti se svataH dAsatva ko svIkAra karane para tathA yuddhakSetra meM bandI ho jAne pr| dAsiyoM kA kArya gRhapatnI kI AjJAnusAra usake pratyeka kArya meM sahayoga karanA thaa| kabhI-kabhI kArya vizeSa ke lie bhI dAsI rakhI jAtI thii| aisI dAsiyoM ko viziSTa saMjJA dI jAtI thI-jaise kumbhadAsI, preSaNakArikA Adi / satI prathA aura jaina dharma : uttaramadhya yuga meM nArI utpIr3ana kA sabase bIbhatsa rupa satI prathA bana gayA thA, yadi hama satI prathA ke sandarbha meM jaina Agama dekheM to spaSTa rupa se hameM eka bhI aisI ghaTanA kA ullekha nahIM milatA jahA~ patnI pati ke zava ke sAtha jalI ho yA jalAdI gayI ho|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 141 yadyapi nizIthacUrNi meM esa aisA ullekha milatA hai jisake anusAra saupAraka ke pAMca sau vyapAriyoM ko kara na dene ke kAraNa rAjAne unheM jalA dene kA Adeza de diyA thA aura ukta ullekha ke anusAra una vyApAriyoM kI patniyAM bhI unakI citAoM meM jala gaI thI / ' lekina jainAcacArya isakA samarthana nahIM karate haiN| punaH isa ApavAdika ullekha ke atirikta hameM jaina sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, mahAnizItha meM isase bhinna yaha ullekha bhI milatA hai ki kisI rAjA kI vidhavA kanyA satI honA cAhatI thI kintu usake pitRkUla meM yaha rivAja nahIM thA ataH usane apanA vicAra tyAga diyA / " isase lagatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt svecchA se bhI apane deha tyAga - anucita hI mAnA hai aura isa prakAra ke maraNa ko bAlamaraNa yA mUrkhatA hI kahA hai / jaina dharma aura darzana yaha nahIM mAnatA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda pati kA anugamana karane se arthAt jIvita citA meM jala marane se punaH svargaloka meM usI pati kI prApti hotI hai| jaina dharma to karma siddhAMta ke prati AsthA ke kAraNa yaha mAnatA hai ki pati-patnI apane-apane karmo aura manobhAvoM ke anusAra hI vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma lete haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa rupa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhArmika AdhAra para jaina dharma satI prathA kA samarthana nahIM krtaa| jaina dharma ke satI prathA ke samarthaka na hone ke kucha sAmAjika kAraNa bhI rahe haiM / vyAkhyA sAhitya meM aisI aneka kathAe~ varNita hai jinake anusAra pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt patnI na kevala pArivArika dAyitva kA nirvAha karatI thI, apitu pati ke vyavasAya kA saMcAlana bhI karatI thii| zAlIbhadra kI mAtA bhadrA ko rAjagRha kI eka mahatvapUrNa zreSThI aura vyApArI nirupita kiyA gayA hai| jisake vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie zreNika bhI usake ghara AyA thaa| AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyooM meM aise aneka ullekha haiM jahA~ ki strI pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt virakta hokara bhikSuNI bana jAtI thii| jaina bhikSuNI saMgha vidhavAoM, kumAriyoM aura parityaktAoM kA surakSita Azraya sthala thA / Agama sAhitya meM aise ullekha bhI milate haiM jahA~ pati aura putroM ke jIvita rahate hue bhI patnI yA mAtA bhikSuNI bana jAtI thI / jJAtA dharma kathA meM dropadI pati aura putroM kI sammati se dIkSita huI thii| kintu isake alAvA aise udAharaNoM kI vipulatA dekhI jAtI hai jahA~ patnI pati ke sAtha athavA pati evaM putroM ke mRtyu uparAnta virakta hokara saMnyAsa 2. nizItha cUrNi, bhA. - 4, uddezaka - 16, pR. 14, gA. 5156 siM paMca mahilasatAI, tANi vi aggiM paviTThANi / mahAnizItha, pR. 215-217 dekheM, jaina Agama sAhityameM bhAratIya samAja, pR. 271 (37) (ba)

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142 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana grahaNa kara letI thii| kucha aise ullekha bhI mile haiM jahA~ strI AjIvana brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karake yA to pitRgRha me raha jAtI thI athavA dIkSita ho jAtI thii| jaina paramparAmeM bhikSuNI saMsthA eka aisA AdhAra rahI hai jisane hamezA nArI ko saMkaTa se ubArakara na kevala Azraya diyA hai, apitu use sammAna aura pratiSThA kA jIvana jInA sikhAyA hai| jana bhASA kA prayogaH bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI udAtta evaM krAntiyukta vANI ke sajIva sparza se jIvana ke kisI bhI pahalU ko achUtA nahIM chodd'aa| mAnava-samAja kI hita sAdhanA ke lie hI to ve tIrthaMkara ke rupa meM dharma pracAra ke sArvajanIna raMgamaMca para camake the| eka krAntikArI vicAra dhArA ke unnAyaka hone ke nAte jahA~ unhone tatkAlIna aneka rItirivAjoM, dhArmika vidhi vidhAnoM aura mAnavIya dRSTikoNoM meM nyAya-mUlaka sudhAra kiye, vahAM bhASA ke nAma para bhI eka bahuta baDI krAnti kI / paNDita-varga kI saMskRta bhASAjise deva bhASA kahate the - ko choDakara loka meM dharma pracAra bhI unakA eka mahatvapUrNa sudhAra thaa| apane pUrvavartI tIrthaMkaro ke samAna hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne janatA ke atyanta nikaTa pahu~cane kI dRSTi se brAhmaNa kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra, strI, puruSa bAla, vRddha, paThita, apaThita, jana sAdhAraNa taka vizuddha Atma-dharma kA prakAza pahu~cAne ke nyAya vicAra se janatA kI bolacAla kI prAkRta bhASA ko dharma pracAra ke lie sarvathA upayukta smjhaa| . unake pravacana lokabhASA meM hone ke kAraNa usameM kisI madhyastha kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| zrotA sIdhe unakI bAta sunate, samajhate aura hRdayaMgama kara lete the| usa yuga meM Aja ke vaijJAnika sAdhanoM kA abhAva hote hue bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upadeza tathA zAsana itanI zIghratA ke sAtha lokapriya ho gayA thA, usakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki unake sIdhe-sAde dhArmika pravacanoM ne jana-hRdaya ko chU liyA thA / vastutaH bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane dharma ko jaina dharma aura bhASA ko jana bhASA kA rUpa dekara eka racanAtmaka krAnti kA AvAhana kiyA thA, jisakA koTi-koTi janatA ne mukta hRdaya se svAgata kiyaa| dhArmika sthitiH I.pU. 600 ke Asa-pAsa bhArata kI dhArmika sthiti bhI bahuta hI asthira aura bhrAnta thii| mahAvIra ne dekhA ki, dharma kI logoM ne upAsanA kI nahIM, pradarzana kI vastu samajhane lage haiN| usake lie mana ke vikAroM ora vibhAvoM kA tyAga Avazyaka nahIM rahA hai yajJa meM sAmagrI kI Ahuti ke sAtha pazuoM taka kA balidAna hone lgaa| "vIrAyana'

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143 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kAvya meM mahAvIrakAlIna dhArmika paristhitiyoM kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai - pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI hai, yajJoM se jvAlA uThatI hai| hiMsA khulakara khelA karatI, alakoM kI lAlI luTatI hai| ** * manuSya mA~sa khA rahA, manuSya kATa kATa kara / manuSya hAya ha~sa rahA, harAma cATa cATa kara / na zarma hai na dharma hai na deza haiM na veza hai| hAya hAya kA~ya kA~ya AdamI meM zeSa hai // 2 *** eka ora yajJIya karmakANDa aura dUsarI ora katipaya vicAraka apane siddhAMto kI sthApanA dvArA janatA ko saMdeza de rahe the| cAroM aura hiMsA, asatya, zoSaNa, anAcAra, evaM nArI ke prati kiye jAnevAle aura julma apanA nagna tANDava kara rahe the| dharma ke nAma para mAnava apanI vikRtiyoM kA dAsa banA huA thaa| vaiyaktika svAtaMtrya samApta ho cukA thA aura mAnava ke adhikAra tanAzAhoM dvArA samApta kiye jA rahe the| mAnavatA karAha rahI thI aura usakI garimA khaNDita ho cukI thii| dharma rAjanItika kA eka bhettharA hathiyAra mAtra raha gayA thaa| bhaya aura AtaMka ke kAraNa janatA dhArmika kriyAkAMDa kA pAlana karatI thI, para zraddhA aura AsthA usake hRdaya meM avaziSTa nahIM thii| svArtha nahIM thaa| svArtha lolupa dharmaguru aura dharmAcArya dharma ke ThekedAra bana beThe the| mAnava kI antazcetanA mUrchita ho rahI thI aura dAsatA kI vRtti dinoMdina baDhatI jAtI thii| digabhrAnta mAnava kA mana bhaTaka rahA thA aura kahIM bhI use jJAna kA Aloka prApta nahIM ho rahA thaa| nArI kI sAmAjika sthiti bhayAvaha thii| usakA apaharaNa kiyA jA rahA thA / koi use beDiyoM meM jakar3atA aura koI use talagharoM meM banda karatA thaa| phalataH nArI kA nAritva hI nahIM apitu samasta mAnava samAja andhakAra meM bhaTaka rahA thA aura sabhI kI dRSTi uddhAra ke hetu kisI mahAna zakti kI pratIkSA meM lagI huI thii| nirIha pazuoM kA nirmama vadha kiyA jA rahA thA / pazumegha hI nahIM naramegha bhI kiye jA rahe the / bhISaNa raktapAta hone lagA thA / agnikuNDoM se cItkAra kI dhvani karNagocara ho rahI thii| barbaratA aura dAnavatA kA nagna nAca ho rahA thaa| manuSya manuSya ke 1. "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga-2, pR.55 vahI pR.63

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144 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dvArA honevAle nirlajja zoSaNa kA zikAra banA huA thA / usI kA sAkSAt citraNa kavi "vIrAyaNa" kAvya meM kiyA hai M bhAI ke Age bahina luTI, hatyAroM ko kucha hoza na thA / zizuoM ko bhAloM se godA, talavAroM ko kucha hoza na thA, mAnavatA naMgI kara DAlI, dharmAndhoM kI mana cAhIne / bhAratamAtA ko ghera liyA, dharmo kI ghora tabAhI ne // 1 *** tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt yajJIya kriyAkANDoM ne mAnavatA ko saMtrasta kara diyA thA / Aloka kI dharmarekhA dhuMdhalI hotI jA rahI thI aura jIvana kA abhizApa dinAnudina bojhila ho rahA thA / tatkAlIna dhArmika jIvana ke khokhalepana, dhArmika maThAdhIzoM kI ThekedArI, manuSya aura Izvara ke madhya tathAkathita dalAloM kI ghusapeTha Adi kA pardAphAza karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnavIya prema aura karuNA kI gaMgA bahAI / mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM izvara sRSTi kA kartA-dhartA nahIM hai / vaha to mAtra eka aisI divya AtmA hai jisane svayaM ko karmoM ke baMdhanoM se mukta kara liyA hai tathA siddhAvasthA prApta kara lI hai| Izvara kA janatantrIkaraNa karate hue mahAvIrane hara vizuddha AtmAkoM hI Izvara ke rUpameM pratiSThita kiyaa| mahAvIra ne apanI isa avadhAraNa meM nArI, puruSa, Arya, anArya tathA jAtigata bhedoM ko samApta karake dharma ke aise svarUpa kA digdarzana karAyA jo "sarva jana hitAya" tathA " sarvajana sukhAya' thA / vastutaH tatkAlIna samaya kI mA~ga thI / dharma ke kSetra meM usa samaya ucchRMkhalA phaila gaI thI / aneka vyakti apane ko tIrthaMkara kahane lage the / koI kahatA ki bhautikatA hI jIvana kA carama lakSya hai, koI trANa meM kahatA thA ki akriyA hI dharma hai aura koI akarmaNyatA ko hI dharma ghoSita karatA thA / svarga, naraka bika rahe the aura dhanikavarga lambe lambe rakameM dekara apanA svArtha surakSita kara rahe the / ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura maitrI jaisI udAtta bhAvanAe~ khatare meM thii| sarvodaya kA sthAna vargodaya ne le liyA thA aura dharma eka vyApAra bana gayA thA / "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga - 2, pR. 64

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 145 mahAvIra ne Izvara ko itanA vyApaka banA diyA ki koI bhI AtmasAdhaka Izvara ko prApta hI nahIM kare, varan svarga hI Izvara bana jAya / isa bhAvanA ne asahAya, niSkriya janatA ke hRdaya meM, zakti, AtmavizvAsa aura Atmabala kA teja bhraa| vaha sAre AvaraNoM kA bheda kara, eka bAragI uTha khar3I huii| aba use Izvara prApti ke lie paramukhApekSI bana kara nahIM rahanA pdd'aa| use lagA ki sAdhaka bhI vahI hai aura sAdhya bhI vahI hai| jyoM-jyoM sAdhaka tapa, saMyama aura ahiMsA ko AtmasAt karatA jAyegA tyoM-tyoM vaha sAdhya ke rupameM parivartita hotA jaayegaa| isa prakAra dharma ke kSetra se dalAloM aura madhyasthoMko bAhara nikAlakara mahAvIrane sahI upAsanA paddhatikA sUtrapAta kiyaa| Arthika paristhiti tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhArata meM artha saMkaTa nahIM thaa| usa samaya kA bhArata Aja se kahIM adhika sampanna aura sukhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| pANinikI aSTAdhyAyI, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM unnata Arthika jIvana sambandhI sAmragI prApta hotI prastuta mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhArata kI Arthika paristhitiyoM kA suMdara citra aMkita kiyA hai svarNa-cAMdI-hIra-muktA hAra aura thA dhana dhAnya kA vyApAra thA nRpati kA rAjya-sada-AcAra thA prajA-vatsala luTAtA pyAra / / *** hara khanija dravya kI khAneM bhI, thI jisake kone kone meN| jisa kI kRSi aisI lagatI thI, jyoM kheta maDhe ho sone meM // 2 * ** nAgarika jana kA ki sulalita veza bana rahe bhUpara sabhI deveza "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.8 "paramajyotimahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-1, pR.56 2.

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146 1 mahAbhArata ke adhyayana se bhI usa samaya kI Arthika samRddhi kA parijJAna prApta hotA hai| nAgarika aura grAmINa donoM prakAra ke jIvana kA paricaya prApta hotA hai / ghara miTTI, IMTa, patthara aura lakar3I se banAye jAte the / makAnoM ke bIca meM sar3aka evaM galiyA~ rahatI thI / kavi "sudhezajI" ne bhavanoM ke saundarya kA sajIva citrAMkana kiyA hai - kosoM se jisake satakhaNDe, bhavanoM ke zikhara camakate the / jina para haga paDate hI pathikoMke caraNa avazya ThiThakate the| 2 *** grAmoM ke bAhara maMdira evaM caitya banavAne kI prathA thI / kRSi ke sambandha meM vizeSa unnati huI thI / siMcAI kI vyavasthA bhI vidyamAna thI - kRSi nahIM sUkhane pAtI thI, hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vastra AbhUSaNa susaMskRta DhaMga the sulepana se sugaMdhita aMga - 1 *** kucha vyakti vetana se bhI AjIvikA upArjana karate the aura kucha zAsana meM kArya karate the / sarakArI zreNI meM kArya karanevAle adhyakSa kahalAte the / zastropajIvI vyaktiyoM kA bhI nirdeza prApta hotA hai / bhRti yA pArizramika lekara kAma karanevAle karmakAra majadUroM kA bhI astitva vidyamAna thA / pracalita the 1. grAmya pazuoM meM gAya, bhaiMsa, bheMDa, bakarI, azva, gaja Adi kI gaNanA kI jAtI thii| gau- pAlana, dugdhotpatti dhRtanirmANa evaM vibhinna prakAra ke miSTAnna nirmANa bhI 3. - thI suvidhA sabhI siMcAI kI / pratyeka yojanA banatI thI, janatA kI pUrNa bhalAI kI // 3 *** "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra " : kavi guptajI, sarga - 1, pR. 9 " paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, prathama sarga, pR. 57 vahIM, pR.63

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147 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana godhana kI dazA samunnata thI, dhRta-dIpa jalAye jAte the| zizu-vRnda dugdha ke dvArA hI, prAyaH prati divasa nahAte the| * ** goe~ itanA paya detI thI, duhanevAle thaka jAte the| paradezI pyAsa bujhAne ko, jala nahIM, dugdha hI pAte the| *** isa prakAra mahAvIra ke samaya kA bhArata Arthika dRSTi se samRddha thA anna aura vastra kI kamI usa samaya kisI ke samakSa nahIM thI / grAma aura nagara apanI apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie samartha the| kRSi se anna, zilpiyoM se vilAsa sAmagrI evaM pazuoM se dugdha aura vAhana ke kArya sampanna kiye jAte the / Amoda-pramoda kI sAmagriyoM kA bhI bAhulya thaa| kUpa, vANI, snAnAgAra, sabhAgRha, nATyazAlA Adi kI bhI kamI nahIM thii| ***** prabandhoM ke AdhAra para nArI bhAvanA mahAvIrakAlIna nArIsthitiH __ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrva meM nArI kA sthAna bahuta nimma zreNikA thaa| nArI mAtra bhogeSaNA kI pUrtikA sAdhana mAtra raha gayI thii| na use adhyayana kara AtmavikAsa ke avasara prApta haiM aura na vaha dharma evaM samAja ke kSetra meM Age hI A sakatI hai| dAsI ke rupa meM nArI ko jIvana yApana karanA paDatA hai, usake sAtha honevAle sAmAjika durvyavahAra pratyeka vicArazIla vyaktiko khaTakate haiN| nArI samAja ko dekhane se aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise yuga-yugAntarase inakI AtmA hI kharIda lI gaI hai| kavi "mizrajI" ne kAvya meM mahAvIrakAlIna nArI sthiti kA varNana karate hue likhA hai 1. 2. "paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, prathama sarga, pR.61 vahI, pR.11.

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148 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kara haraNa bhogakara yuvatI ko dUsare roja khA jAte the| phira nayI kisI kanyA ko lA, ve pahelA jamAte the| ye nRtya rAta dina hote the, ye kAMDa rAta dina hote the| hatyAre hiMsA karate the, trizalA ke akSara rote the|' *** anamela-vivAha ne nArI kI sthiti ko ora girA diyA hai| sAmAnta yuga se prabhAvita rahane ke kAraNa Aja dahejakA lenA-denA baDappana kA sUcaka samajhA jAtA hai| Aja nArI kA svataMtra vyaktitva nahIM rahA hai, puruSa ke vyaktitva meM hI usakA vyaktitva mila gayA hai| ataH isa dayanIya sthiti ko unnata banAnA atyAvazyaka hai| yaha bhUlanA na hogA ki nArI bhI manuSya hai aura usako bhI apanI unnati kA pUrA adhikAra prApta haiN| samaya-samaya para aise kArya hote raheM jinase utAra-caDhAva kA tUphAna AtA rhaa| jo nArI puruSa ke samakakSa thI, jisakA samAja meM AdaraNIya va samAnatA kA sthAna thaa| kAlacakra ke sAthe usako pIche dhakela diyA gyaa| acchI acchI kuzAgra buddhizIlA nAriyA~ jo vizva meM camatkArapUrNa kArya kara sakatI thI, unake upara atyAcAra DhAye gye| vAsanA tRpti kA zikAra banAyA gayA aura ve bhogya padArtha sI bana gii| mahAvIra kAlIna samAja meM ve tiraskRta thI tathA samAja meM samakakSa sthAna cAhatI thii| mahAvIra to sulajhe hue tapasvI the| ve saMsAra vAsiyoM ko uttama tarIke se jIne-dene kI icchA rakhate the| nArI jAti ke prati bhagavAna mahAvIra bar3e hI udAra vicAraka the| usa yuga meM bhArI-jAti kI atyanta dayanIya sthiti thI, usI kA kaviyoM ne prabandha kAvyoM meM citraNa kiyA hai - maca gaI lUTa vaizAlI meM, patniyA~ luTI beTiyA~ luttii| rAniyA~ lUTI bA~diyA~ lUTI, sindUra pIche maMhadiyA~ chuttii| kitanI svaccha nIrajAe~ jIvita, jala gaI citAoM meN| kucha phUloM meM darzana detIM, kucha dIpita dIpa zikhAoM meN| mAyAvI kAmAgni aura sAkSAt naraka mUrti Adi manamAne apazabda kahakara usakA paga paga para apamAna aura upekSA kI jAtI thI / sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika kSetroM meM vaha apane saba adhikAroM se sarvathA vaMcita thI, na use pavitra 1. 2. "vIrAyaNa", kavi mitrajI, "tAlakumuvinI', sarga-3, pR.80 vahI, "saMtApa", sarga-8, pR.201

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 149 1 dharmagranthoM ke paThana-pAThana kA adhikAra thA, na hI ucca AdhyAtmika kSetra meM agrasara hone MAT adhikAra thA aura na dharma-karma karane kA / kadama-kadama para usake lie dAsitA kI beDiyA~ bichI thii| nArI jAti ko usa yuga meM paira kI jUtI se bhI heya samajA jAtA thA / pautI ke rupa meM rakhA jAtA thA / sare bAjAra meM nAriyA~ bikatI thI / unake bhAva lagate the, boliyA~ lagatI thii| pazuoM se bhI burI gata thI nAriyoM kI / jisa kisI ke pAsa dAsadAsiyA~ jitanI adhika hotI, use utanI hI sAmAjika pratiSThA milatI / ataeva hoDa huI thI ki kauna adhika dAsa-dAsiyA~ kharIde / kavi " raghuvIrazaraNa mitra" ne apane vIrAyaNa kAvya meM nAriyoM kI karuNAjanaka sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai 1. 2. nIlAma nAriyA~ hotI haiM, sundaratA ke bAjAra lage / apane rakSaka apane na rahe, ve zatru hue jo rahe sage // pApoM se pyAsa nahIM bujhatI, zaMkara ko kAma satAtA hai| jo danuja cora makkAra dhUrta, vaha kavi kA doSa batAtA hai // 1 *** - roTI na rahI boTI bikatI, coTI na rahI mAlA chuuttii| rakSaka bhakSaka bana baiThe haiM, bhArata mA~ kI kismata phUTI // utkoca nyAyakartA lete, yogI bhogI bana khAte haiM / lakSaNa na rahe khAte abhakSya, priya deza becate jAte haiN| *** pArivArika sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika aura dhArmika kSetroM meM bhAratIya nArI ko samAnatA ke adhikAroM se samaya para vaMcita rakhA gayA hai| nArI ko kevala gRhalakSmI kahakara usako ghara kI cAra dIvAroM meM hI baMdha rakhA gayA hai| nArI ko loka lAja kI kaTaputalI samajhakara use bhISaNa pardA pathA meM jakar3A gyaa| lokajAnakArI na ho aura puruSoM ke barAbara apanA utthAna na kare isalie usako jAna bujhakara zikSA se dUra rakhA / parivAra meM puruSa kI gulAmI kI beDiyoM meM nArI ko isa prakAra jakar3A gayA ki puruSa ke binA izAre para usakA gharase bAhara nikalanA bhI muzkila thA / samAja kI gatividhiyoM para kabhI bhI nArI ko socane kA avasara hI nahIM diyaa| rAjanaitika kSetra meM "vIrAyaNa", kavi mitrajI, "saMtApa", sarga -8, pR. 275 vahI

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150 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana praveza pAnA nArI ke lie kosoM dUra thA / Arthika kSetra meM nArI kA AnA apamAna samajhA jAtA thaa| dhArmika kSetra meM bhI nArI kI upekSA kI jAtI rhii| isa prakAra mahAvIra kAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne mahAvIra yugameM nArI kI atyanta zocanIya dayA kA varNana kiyA hai : dropadI ko nagna kara rahe yhiiN| AdamI meM AdamI rahA nhiiN|| na pyAra hai na sAra hai na sAja hai na rAja hai| samAja koDha se dhirA arAja rAja Aja hai| na kauna jhUTha khA rahA na kauna lUTa lA rhaa| na kauna rakta pI rahA na kauna mAMsa khA rhaa| *** caMdanabAlA jaisI satI nAriyoM ne kyA nahIM sahA ? striyoM ko gulAmoM kI bhA~ti becA karate the| logoM ke hRdaya meM unake prati jarA bhI karuNA nahIM thii| Adara kI to kyA kahe ? jisa samaya satI caMdanA ko bAjAra ke bIca lejAkara khar3I karake khule Ama nIlAmI para caDhAyA gyaa| usa samaya kI dayanIya dazA kA kavine citraNa kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai - kyA loge, itanA lU~gA, itanA duuNgaa| kApa rahA tUphAnoM meM nirmala mUMgA khule Ama nIlAmI kI bolI lgtii| kaise nija dhura para TikI rahI jgtii||2 *** kaisA thA vaha dRzya bAlikA nirvikaar| khar3I hATa meM, dekha rahe the kharIdadAra // karatA rahA, manuja hI, vyApAra manuja kA kaho ! kAma yaha nara kA hai yA duSTa danuja kA // 3 *** "vIrAyaNa', kavi mitrajI, "pRthvIpIr3A', sarga-2, pR.63 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "caMdanA uddhAra", sarga-12, pR.140 vahI, pR.139

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 151 isa prakAra ke krUra evaM amAnavIya vyavahAra strI jAti ke sAtha kiye jA rahe the| kitanA nirdayatA pUrNa vAtAvaraNa hogA vahA~ kA ? kitanI sukumAriyA~ chipa chipa kara A~sU bahAtI hogI? aura bhItara hI bhItara apane svajanoM ke viyoga evaM parAdhInatA kI yaMtraNA meM hAhAkara kara rahI hogI ? kavi ne "vIrAyana" kAvya meM caMdanA kI karUNa sthiti kA varNana kiyA hai - jaMjIro meM caMdanA baMdhI, bandinI kumudanI kArA meN| kAlI nAginI phukAra uThI, gaMgA kI nirmala dhArA meN| bandIgRha meM ve kaSTa diye, jo kahate kahate kaha na skaa| pIr3A nirdoSa caMdanA kI, meM binA kaheM bhI raha na skaa| *** sAdhanA kAla ke bArahaveM varSa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne eka ghora abhigraha (vajra saMkalpa kiyA) jo jaina itihAsa ke pRSThoM para Aja bhI jagamagA rahA hai| bhagavAna kA yaha ghora abhigraha kevala unakI eka kaThora tapaH sAdhanA kA aMga mAtra banakara hI nahIM rahA, apitu isa abhigraha ne yuga kI havA hI badala dii| abhizApagrasta nArI jAti ke uddhAra aura kalyANa kA eka mahAna patha prazasta kara diyA / mAtRjAti ko dAsatA se mukti dilAne meM mukti ke saMdezavAhaka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha abhigraha eka aitihAsika mahatva hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana mAtra se caMdanA satI kA bandIgRha se mukta honA usIkA sajIva citraNa kavine "vIrAyana" kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai - vaha soca rahI thI raha rahakara, dhana meM bijalI sI damaka dmk| kArA ke taTa taka AtI thI, vaha zIta dhUpa sI camaka camaka // 2 *** vAstava meM kahanA hogA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina saMgha zrAvaka, zrAvikA sAdhu, sAdhvI ina cAroM kA caturvidha saMgha banAkara jo bhUmikA nibhAI vaha yuga yugoM taka nArI utthAna evaM kalyANa ke mArga darzana kA kArya karatI rhegii| "vIrAyaNa', kavi mitrajI, "saMtApa", sarga-8, pR.202 vahI, "uddhAra", sarga-13, pR.317 2.

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152 nArI utthAna : bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa nArI utpIr3ana, usakI gulAmI kA joradAra pratikAra kiyaa| unhone use mahAna sAmAjika doSa va mAnavatA ke nAma para eka bar3A kalaMka ghoSita kiyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA, jo apanI mAtA, bahina, putrI, patnI Adara nahIM kara sakatA vaha bar3A pApI hai| apanI jananI kA anAdara pApa kA bandha karatA hai / mahAvIra Age Aye unhone apane pravacanoM meM bAra-bAra nArI ke mahatva ko bar3A sthAna diyA / bhagavAna ne jJAna se dekhA ki nArI kI AtmA bhI AtmA hai aura puruSa kI AtmA bhI AtmA hai| tAtvika dRSTi se dekhA jAye to koI bheda nahIM hai| donoM samakakSa hai / vahA~ liMga bheda yA deha bheda ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| ThIka haiM, pUrvajanma ke zubhAzubha karma se eka ko puruSa deha milI aura dUsare ko strI deha milii| strI sabhI janmoM meM strI rupa se rahegI aura puruSa sabhI janmoM meM puruSa rUpase hI janma letA rahatA hai aisA koI akATa niyama nahIM hai| to sirpha laiMgika aura daihika bheda ke kAraNa puruSa kalyANa ke lie pUrNa adhikArI aura strI nahIM, yaha kaisI viDambanA hai ? mujhe to lagatA hai ki usameM to nArI deha kA apamAna hai, nArI kI AtmA kA anAdara hai| jo tIrthaMkaro, avatAroM ko janma detI hai aura jo santoM, RSiyoM, maharSiyoM, aura uttama naroM kI janmadAtrI hai, aisI jagajjananI ko hIna dRSTi se kaise dekhA jAyeM ? kitanI hI striyA~ sarvaguNoM se sampanna sAdhuoM aura puruSoM meM zreSTha caramazarIrI puruSoM ko janma denevAlI mAtAe~ huI hai / antakRtadazA aura usakI vRtti meM kRSNa dvArA pratidina apanI mAtAoM ke pAda-vandana tu jAne kA ullekha hai / Avazyaka cUrNi aura kalpasUtra TIkA meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra 1 2 apanI mAtA ko duHkha na ho isa hetu unake jIvita rahate saMsAra tyAga nahIM karane kA nirNaya apane garbhakAla meM le liyA thaa| isa prakAra nArI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva, deva aura zreSTha gaNadharoM ko janma denevAlI zreSTha devoM aura uttama puruSoM ke dvArA bhI pUjanIya mAnI gaI hai| mahAnizItha meM kahA gayA hai ki jo strI bhaya, lokalajjA, kulAMkuza 2. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA, 989 - 94 taNaM se kahe drAsudeva hAe jAva vibhUsie devaIe devIe pAyavaMdAye - antakRddazA sUtra - 18. no khalu me kappai ammApitIhiM jIvaMtehiM muNDe bhavittA agAravAsAo.... - kalpasUtra91 ( evaM ) gabbhattho ceva abhiggahe geNhati NAhaM samaNe- hokkhAmi jAva etANi ettha jIvaMtitti / Avazyaka cUrNi, prathama bhAga, pR. 242 pra. RSabhadeva jI kezarImala zvetAMbara saM. ratalAma, 1928.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 153 evaM dharmazraddhA ke kAraNa kAmagni ke vazIbhUta nahIM hotI hai, vaha sarva kalyANakAraka hai, vaha dhanya hai, puNyazAlI hai, vaMdanIya hai, darzanIya hai, vaha lakSaNoM se yukta hai, vaha sarvakalyANakAraka hai, vaha sarvottama maMgala hai, vaha to sAkSAt devatA hai, sarasvatI hai, acyutA, parama pavitra siddhi, mukti zAzvata zivagati hai / 1 jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara kA pada sarvocca mAnA hai / aura zvetAmbara paramparA ne mallI kumArI ko tIrthaMkara mAnA hai / isimaNDalatthU (RSimaNDalastavana) meM brAhmI, sundarI, candanA Adi ko vaMdanIya mAnA gayA hai / 3 tIrthaMkaroM kI adhiSThAyaka deviyoM ke rupa meM cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI, siddhAyikA Adi deviyoM ko pUjanIya mAnA gayA hai / 4 aura unakI stuti meM paravartI kAla meM aneka stotra race gaye haiM / yadyapi yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma meM devI pUjA kI paddhati lagabhaga guptakAla meM hindU paramparA ke prabhAva se AI hai / uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika kI cUrNi meM rAjImati dvArA munirathanemiko tathA Avazyaka cUrNi meM brAhmI aura sundarI dvArA muni bAhubalI ko pratibodhita karane ke ullekha hai / ' na kevala bhikSuNiyAM apitu gRhastha upAsikAe~ bhI puruSa ko sanmArga para lAne hetu pratibodhita karatI thIM / uttarAdhyayana meM rAnI kamalAvatI rAjA iSukAra ko sanmArga 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. mahAnizitha 2 / sUtra 23 pR. 36 tae NaM mallI arahA.. ..... kevala nANa daMsaNe samuppanne / - jJAtAdharmakathA 8/186 ajAvi bhI sundarI - rAimaI - candaNA pmukkhaao| kAlatae vi jAo tAo ya namAmi bhAveNaM // - RSimaNDalastava 208 devIo cakkesarI ajiyA duriyArI kAli mahAkAlI / accuya saMtA jAlA sutArayA asoya sirivacchA // pavara vijayaMkusA paNNatti nivvANi accuyA dharaNI / iro 'cchuta gaMdhArI aMba paumAvaI siddhA // - pravacanasAroddhAra, bhAga-1, pR. 375-76 devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA san 1922 tIseso vayaNaM soccA saMjayAe subhAsiyaM // aMkuseNa jahA nAgo dhamme saMpaDivAiyo |- uttarAdhyayana sUtra- 22-48 ( tathA dazavaikAlika cUrNi, pR. 87-88 maNivijaya sIrija - bhAvanagara) bhavayaM baMbhI - suMdarIo patthaveti... imaM va bhaNito / kira hatthiM vilaggassa kevalanANaM uppajjaI // - Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga - 1, pR. 211

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154 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dikhAtI hai, ' isI prakAra upAsikA jayantI bharI sabhA meM mahAvIra se praznottara karatI hai 2 to kozAvezyA apane AvasameM sthita muni ko sanmArga dikhAtI hai, 3 ye tathya isa bAta ke pramANa hai ki jaina dharma meM nArI kI avamAnanA nahIM kI gii| caturvidha dharmasaMgha meM bhikSuNIsaMgha aura zrAvikA saMgha ko sthAna dekara nirgrantha paramparA ne strI aura puruSa ko samakakSa hI pramANita kiyA hai| pArzva aura mahAvIra ke dvArA binA kisI hicakicAhaTa ke bhikSuNI saMgha kI sthApanA kI gii| jainasaMgha meM nArI kA kitanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna thaa| isakA sabase bar3A pramANa to yaha hai ki usameM prAgaitihAsika kAla se vartamAna kAla taka sadaiva hI bhikSuoM kI apekSA bhikSuNiyoM kI aura gRhastha upAsakoM kI apekSA upAsikAoM kI saMkhyA adhika rahI haiM / samavAyAMga, jambudvIpa-prajJapti, kalpasUtra evaM Avazyaka niyukti Adi meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara kI bhikSuNiyoM evaM gRhastha upAsikAoM kI saMkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| bhagavAna ne to nArI ko nara kI taraha hI adhikAriNI khaa| usameM bhI AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jyaadaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha meM chattIsa hajAra jitanI vipula saMkhyA meM striyoM ne dikSA lI thii| yaha saMgha aura deza ke lie kitane bar3e saubhAgya aura gaurava kI bAta thii| Aja bhI mahAvIra ke saMgha meM nArI jAti kA bAhulya hai| yadi bhAratavarSa meM Aja 2500 se adhika jaina muni hai to vahI 7000 se bhI adhika sAdhviyA~ hai| kavi mitrajI kAvya ke antargata mahAvIra kAlIna sAdhviyA~, muni, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA saMgha kA varNana karate hue likhA hai - arjikA saMgha yuga kA prakAza, caMdanA prakAza ke lie ghuumii| zrAvikA zvetavastrA jeSThA, ghara ghara dIpaka ghara ghara ghuumii| bana gaI zrAvikAyeM, lAkhoM, candanA satI kI gati phailii| zrAvaka anaginata karmarata the, cAdara na kisI kI thI mailii||5 *** Tai in baMtAsI purisorAyaM, na so hoi psNsio| mAhaNeNaM paricataM dhaNaM AdAumicchasi // -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 14, 38 evaM uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR.230 (RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA ratalAma-san 1933) bhagavatI 12/2 jai vi paricattasaMgo tahA vi privddi| mahilA saMsaggIe kosA bhaMvaNUsiyavarisI / / -bhaktaparijJA gAthA-128 kalpasUtra, kramaza: 197, 167, 157 va 134, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura, I. 1977 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "uddhAra'', sarga-13, pR.320 e i

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 155 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana aura dharma dezanA meM nArI jAti ke lie kitanA AkarSaNa thA, kitanA U~cA mAna thA / unhone samavazaraNa meM striyoM ke lie purUSa ke samAna pUrNa svataMtratA thI / binA kisI saMkoca aura pratibandha ke ve usameM A-jA sakatI thI, upadeza zravaNa kara sakatI thI / kavi guptajI ne samavazaraNa kI sabhA (paraSadA) kA suMdara zabdAvalI meM varNana kiyA hai 1 the para koTe para khiMca citra bahuraMgI gajarAja vyAghra the aura mayura bhI saMgI jor3a nara-nArI ke citroM meM chAye 1. 2. 3. 4. ve vRSabha vahA~ ke bhI vizAla mana bhAye / 1 *** sunanara muni jana devagaNa, jala thala nabha cara jIva / samavazaraNa meM saja gaye, nRpati mukaTa dhara jIva / *** bhagavAna ke nArI - utthAna kA jo mahAna kArya kiyA vaha yuga-yugAntara taka nArI ko utthAna evaM kalyANa kI ora prerita karatA rahegA / kavi yodheya ne nArI ke gaurava kA prastuta karate hue likhA hai mahAvIra ne usa devI ko saMyama dekara, mokSa pattha kI usa pathikAkI rAha dikhAkara nArI ke gaurava ko thA akSuNNa banAyA, caMdanabAlA ko satiyoM kI mukhya banAkara 3 *** mukti- patha para cala nikalI thI kaI nAriyA~ / caMdanabAlA kI ziSyA ho gaI nAriyA~ // 4 *** " tIrthaMkara " : kavi guptajI, sarga - 5, pR. 181 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "jJAnavANI", sarga - 12, pR. 299 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra", kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 8, pR. 305 vahI, sopAna - 7, pR. 295

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156 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana nArI ke vividha rUpaH vartamAna hindI-kaviyoM ne kAvya ke antargata nArI ko zakti, abalA AkarSaNa, Adhunika, kulavadhU, mAtA, amRta, caMcala, Adarza, sAhasika tathA vIra Adi nAnAvidha rupoM meM aMkita kiyA hai| rASTrIya racanAoM meM kavi nArI ko zakti rupa svIkAra karatA hai| usakI kalpanA meM bhI vaha vipathagA banakara; kabhI tyAga ke rupa meM aura kabhI krAntikArINI raNacaMDI ke rupa meM, avatarita hotI hai| yahI rupa dezavAsiyoM ko jAgRta banAne ke liye usane svIkAra kiyaa| bhAratIya saMskRti meM nArI ko abalArupa meM hI vizeSa citrita kiyA gayA hai| AMsU hI usakI nidhi hai| aura tyAga hI usakA srvsv| prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne kisI na kisI rupa meM usake isa rupa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| kavi "yodheyajI" kAvya meM nArI caMdanabAlA kA abalA rupa kA varNana karate hue likhate hai ki baMdhana yuta vaha subhaga haMsinI mauna mauna hI rotI thii| apane gaurava azrujala se hokara pada ko dhotI thI bhojana ati sAmAnya pheMka dete the kArAvAsa meN| anagina pIr3A ke pizAca duHkha dete usa AvAsa meN|' *** caTakA DAle nArI ke hAthoM ke bandhana mukta huI vaha abalA jo karatI thI krandana // 2 *** nArI prakRti kA aMza hai jo yuga-yuga se purUSa ke AkarSaNa kA kendra rahI hai| usake sauMdarya ne purUSa ko sadaiva parAjita kiyA hai, aura preraNA bhI dI hai| nArI ke jina vividha rupoM kI carcA kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM hI kI hai, usameM vaha Adhunika ke rupa kA citraNa avazya karatA hai, parantu aisI nArI ke prati usakI koI sahAnubhUti nahIM hai| usakI dRSTi meM Adhunika mAtra bhatsanA kI pAtra hai| kavine kAvya meM nArI kA irSyA, rAkSasI tathA viSa Adi aneka rupoM meM citrita kiyA hai "bhagavAna mahAvIra'' : kavi zarmAjI, "caMdanA uddhAra", sarga-12, pR.141 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra' : kavi yodheyajI, saptama sopAna, pR.295

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana nAgina yadi kATe kabhI baca sakate hai praann| nArI ke viSa kA DasA, kahI na pAtA trANa // *** nArI ke vyavahAra se taraha taraha ke rup| rupa rupa meM luTa gaye yogI yoddhA bhUpa // 2 *** AdhunikatA kI bhartsanA karanevAle kavi ne nArI kA kulavadhU gRhiNI rupa zreyaskara mAnA hai| nArI meM vaha zakti hai jo kulavadhU kA bhAra grahaNa kara vedanA ko pIkara bhI apane kula kI pratiSThA ko banAye rakhatI hai| bhAratIya paramparAgata Adarza se yukta kulavadhU kI sthiti bar3I hI dayanIya hotI hai| usakA sarvasva pati ke lie samarpita ho jAtA hai| saMsAra kI kutsita bhAvanAoM se bacane ke lie vaha AvaraNa meM chipI rahatI hai lajjA hI usakA AbhUSaNa bana jAtA hai| kulavadhU kA dUsarA rupa sukanyA hai jise apanI gRhasthI meM sukha aura saMtoSa prApta hai| kulavadhU kI maryAdA, sahanazIlatA, saujanya sabhI guNa sukanyA meM dRSTavya hai| jaise kavine vardhamAna kI patnI yazodA kA guNAnuvAda kA citraNa suMdara kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai - sAsa zvasura au nija svAmI se pahile zaiyA se uTha jaatii| zauca Adi se nivRtta hokara caraNa sparza kA puNya kamAtI / gAya pujatI, tulasI arcana, ardhya sUrya ko nita detii| cIMTI kIDe vihaMga vRnda ko khilA pilAkara atisukha letii||3 *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "virakti", sarga-9, pR.229 vahI .. "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "sad gRhasthasaritA"- saptam sarga, pR.91

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana nArI jaba mAtRtva ke gauravAnvita pada para suzobhita hotI haiM, taba vaha sarvAdhika zreSThatA prApta kara letI hai / vAtsalya usakI nidhi ho jAtI hai, lokamaMgala kI bhAvanAoM se vaha ubhara uThatI hai / mAtRtva nArI jIvana kI tapasyA kA navanIta hotA hai / kaviyoM ne kAvya meM nArI rUpoM ke antargata sarvAdhika mahattA evaM zreSThatA mAtRrupa koM hI pradAna kI hai / kavi ne urvazI, sItA, trizalA, kuntI, menakA Adi nAriyoM ke jIvana kA ujAgara kara unakI Adarza rUpa meM pratiSThA kI hai / kavi DaoN. zarmAjI ne jagata jananI rAnI trizalAdevI rAjakumAra vardhamAna ke prati vAtsalya bhAva kA sajIva varNana kiyA hai. 158 kavi ne nArI ke ina rUpoM ke uparAnta nArI ke narta kI rupa ko prastuta kiyA haikavi usake peze ke prati ghRNAbhAva se nahIM karuNA bhAva se hI nihAratA hai| peTa kI bhUkha vaha kalA beMcakara miTAtI hai, paraMtu duHkha hai ki vaha kisI kI sahAnubhUti ko prApta nahIM kara pAtI / kabhI kavi nArI ko devI rUpa meM nihAratA hai| kavi yugAnurupa nae sandarbho meM usakA mUlyAMkana karatA hai| nae yuga bodha meM bhI nArI ke grAmINa evaM saMyata rupa ko hI kavine zreyaskara mAnA hai / kavi bhogamayI nArI se adhika tyAga aura anurAgamayI nArI kA samarthaka hai / unhoM ne vividha rUpoM ko apanAte hue apanI saMpUrNa zraddhA evaM AsthA usake mAtRtva meM hI vyakta kI hai| kaviyoM ne kAvya ke antargata yahI udbodhana diyA hai ki bhoga kI apekSA tyAga meM hIM nArI jIvana kI saphalatA hai / kavine rAnI yazodA kA rAjakumAra vardhamAna ke prati samarpaNa bhAvoM kA yathAtathya citraNa kAvya meM nirUpita kiyA hai / 1. 2. kitanA sukha milatA mAtA ko / jaba zizu karatA thA dugdha pAna // pulakana se tana jyoM kadama kusuma / vAtsalyavatI thI mugdha prANa // 1 *** sArthakatA hai kintu mokSa meM, sevA hI jIvana kA sAra / sumana lage jo prema-zAkha meM, divya-surabhikA ho vistAra // saba jana sukhI raheM jagatI ke, ho nija ura kA amita prasAra / svAmI kA uddezya pUrNa ho, arddhAgina kA jIvana sAra // 2 ***** 'bhagavAna mahAvIra' kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA" sarga - 4, pR. 40 'bhagavAna mahAvIra": kavi zarmAjI, "sad gRhasthasaritA" sarga-7, pR. 99 66

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prabandhoM ke AdhAra para prakRti citraNa kaviyoM ne apane kAvya ko prakRti ke anupama saundarya se maNDita kiyA hai aura use mAnavIya bhUmikA para prasthApita kiyA hai| usakA mAnavIkaraNa karake mAnava aura prakRti ke dvaita ko miTA diyA hai| unhone prakRti ko eka svataMtra cetanA sattA ke rupa meM dekhA tathA usake mAdhyama se mAnava-jIvana kI samasta kriyAoM aura anubhUtiyoM kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| sabhI kaviyoM ne kAvya meM sRSTi ke amUrta aura jar3a padArtho ko mUrta aura saprANa mAnakara citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne prakRti meM mAnava-rupa, vyApAra aura bhAvoM kA pratibimba dekhA aura apane hRdaya meM prakRti ke harSa-viSAda kA pratirupa paayaa| prakRti aura mAnava abhinna ho gaye / mahAvIra kAvya meM kaviyoM ne prakRti meM paramAtmA kA darzana kiyA tathA mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA suMdara AropaNa kiyA hai| yugadharma kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara ina kaviyoM ne prakRti-citraNa meM mAnavIya-saMvedanA ko bhI sthAna diyA hai| kavi pUrvakAlIna duHkhI janoM kI sthiti varNana karate hue prakRti ke upamAnoM kA prayoga karatA hai - vedanA kI uttara AI zAma tira rahe hara AMkha meM banakara sajala ghanazyAma dharma para AsthA - aTala - vizvAsa phailatA hI gyaa| ro uThA yA dekhakara AkAza bana rahA thA manuja dharatI ke manuja kA dAsa *** prAcIna kaviyoM ne taTastha rupa se prakRti kA bAhya nirupaNa kiyA thA, kintu chAyAvAdI kavi kI bhA~ti prakRti se itane ghulamila gaye ki dono meM bheda nahIM rhaa| usakA mAnavIya karaNa kara diyaa| unhoMne mahAvIra kAvya meM varNita prakRti meM apanI bhAvanAoM "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.6 vahI, pR.5 2.

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160 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kA pratibiMba dekhA aura usake vikala manane prakRti kI godameM svayaM ko bhulA dene meM hI sukha aura zAnti kA anubhava kiyA / prakRti unakI preyasI bana gii| ina kaviyoM ne dArzanika dRSTi se prakRti ke acetana tatvoM meM cetanA bhara dI / prakRti kevala jar3a padArtha nahIM hai, apitu vaha eka rahasyamayI zakti hai, jo saMsRti kA saMcAlana karatI hai / jaise... I dharatI para utara utara kara kiraNeM bhI rAsa racAtI bikhare muktA dala lekara prakRti kA sAja sajAtI - *** gItoM kI bAMsuriyA para uThatI rAganiyA~ pyArI priyatama ko bulA rahI jyoM chandoM kI rAjakumArI - 2 *** bhAva kI carama pariNati rasa kI vividhatA prabaMdha kAvyoM meM dRSTi gocara hotI hai / manuSya se lekara kITa, pataMga, vRkSa, nadI, parvata Adi sRSTi kA koI bhI padArtha Alambana bana sakatA hai / jisa ke kAvya meM sRSTi ke vistRta prAMgaNa se jitanI adhika vastue~ gRhita hogI vaha utanA hI mahAna kavi hogaa| usane cetana-acetana, kSudra - virAT, mAnava-dAnava, pazu-pakSI, zubha-azubha, rAjA-raMka sabhI ko samasta vibhinnatA ke sAtha apanAyA hai / " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" kAvya meM kavi bhagavAna kI amRtamayI vANI kA udghATana karate hue likhate hai . 2. 3. kahate the khule hRdaya se saba sRSTi eka hai bhAI saba kA hai eka niyAmaka yaha dekha sabhI ne pAI - *** "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-8, pR. 336 vahI vahI, pR. 339

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161 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vaha jAti bheda ke nAzaka samatA kA pATha paDhAte baDha cale pantha meM Age dukhiyoM ko gale lagAte * * * bhagavAna kA saccA upadeza yahI thA ki mAnava-mAnava bhAI haiN| mAnava ke bIca vyartha dhRNA kI khAI mata khodoM / prema kI varSA kro| jaba mAnava ke hRdaya meM yaha bhAvanA vyApta ho jAtI hai taba hI vyakti acche samAja kA, rASTra kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai| kavine kAvya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dayA, prema, mamatA, karUNA, Adi ko prasthApita kara ke vizva ko "jIo aura jIna do" kA mahAna saMdeza diyaa| unhoMne janasAdAraNa ko sambodhana karate hue likhA hai ki dUsaroM kI unnati aura bhalAI karanA cAhate ho to svayaM apanI AtmA ko "balba" kI taraha prakAzamAna kara lo tabhI tumhArA hRdaya "globa" kI bhA~ti cmkegaa| sarvaprathama tumhArI AtmA ke prastAva, antara kI dhvani divya banegI taba tuma sacce mahAvIra bana skoge| isa prakAra kavine lekhanI dvArA mahAvIra ke sAmAjika aura AdhyAtmika donoM hI kSetro meM vAstavika jIvana-darzana kA udghoSa janatA ke samakSa rakhA hai| ataH kaviyoM ke kAvyoM ke dvArA mahAvIra ke AdarzoM evaM siddhAMto ko jana-mAnasa taka pahu~cAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai vaha anumodanIya hai| isa prakAra kA mAdhyama unhoMne prakRti ko bnaayaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvyoM meM kavi ne deza ke prAkRtika sauMdarya, usakI nadiyoM, ghATiyoM, parvatoM, khetoM, vano Adi sabhI kA suMdara citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| jaise gaMgAyamanA baha rahI hai| isa meM suMdara hare bhare kheta hai| narmadA kI laharoM meM eka karuNA kA saMgIta hai| deza kI kAlI mATI kI ujalI goda meM kRtiyoM ke paudhe lage hue haiM, jisa meM se vedakamAoM kI gaMdha baha rahI haiN| bhArata kA yaza sarvatra vyApta hai| yaha saMto kA deza hai| isake parvata zikhara nabha ko mauna saMketa de rahe haiN| pavana se jhUmate vana hare bhare haiN| bhArata ko prAkRtika sauMdarya kA anUThA citraNa kavine kAvya meM saMvArA hai - "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' : kavi guptajI, sarga-8, pR.339

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162 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1. sAgara caraNa paravAra rahA hai, surabhita saritAe~ gAtI haiM / ambara bhArata kA gaurava hai, dharatI bhArata kI thAtI hai // 1 *** vAstava meM kavine Alambana ke mAdhyama se cetana-acetana prakRti kA sajIva citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| hamArI paristhiti jIvana kA Alambana hai, ataH upacAra se vaha hamAre bhAvoM kA bhI Alambana hai| kavi ne kAvyoM me paristhiti kA purA dhyAna rakhA hai vaha pArzvavartI dRzyoM ke madhya hI prAyaH Alambana kI pratiSThA karatA hai / kavine kAvya meM tapomaya bhAratabhUmi tathA usake saundarya kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai 1 - 2. 3. 4. unnata zIza himAbhrahimAlaya, sUrya sunaharA mukuTa bhAla para / parikramA kara rahA himAnila, yahA~ nAcate kRSNa vyAla para // 2 *** aise utthAnoM kA bhArata, arcita hai jharanoM ke jalase / yaha deza mahAvIroM kA hai, vaTa vRkSa banA tapa ke balase // yaha vana hai khile gulAboM kA phUloM meM kAMTe bar3ebar3e / yaha deza sugandhita phUloM kA jaba phUla chuve taba zUla gar3e // 3 *** ati prAcIna bhArata deza ke madhya sthita kuNDalapura nagarI kI zobhA kA varNana kavi ne bar3A hI manorama kiyA hai| cAroM ora se dRDha koTa se ghirI huI yaha nagarI hai / gagana cumbI makAna, cAroM dizAoM meM toraNa baMdhe hue haiN| svarNa, cA~dI, hIrA mANeka, dhana dhAnya Adi se yaha nagarI paripUrNa va ramaNIya hai, avatIrNa hue haiM bhArata meM, zaMkara tIrthaMkara muni jJAnI indrAsana kI rakSA karate nija asthidAna kara RSidAnI // 4 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "puSpa pradIpa", sarga - 1, pR. 27 vahI, pR. 28 vahIM, pR. 27 " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra " : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR. 8

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163 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana caturdizi meM loha toraNa dvAra nagara rakSA ke sudRDha AdhAra' svarNa-cAMdI-hIrA-muktA hAra aura thA dhana-dhAnya kA vyApAra *** kaviyoM ne saundarya cetanA meM laukika saundarya ko alaukika bhUmikA para paryAvasita karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha anumodanIya hai, yaha kaviyoM kI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi rahI hai| saca kahA jAya to pUrvayugIna kAvya meM hameM aisI sUkSma aura gaMbhIra saundarya dRSTi dikhAI nahIM detI hai| yaha saundarya dRSTi sarvathA maulika hai| kavi DaoN. guptajI, mitrajI, zarmAjI, yodheyajI, Adi samasta kaviyoM ne mahAkAvyoM meM prakRti ke vividha rupoM kA uddIpana ke rupa meM bhI alaukika citraNa kiyA hai| janma ke samaya kA vAtAvaraNa, bAlakrIDA, upasarga, zAnta, karuNarasa, saMyoga-viyoga Adi zrRMgArarasa varNana meM kavi ne kAvya meM prakRti ke uddIpana bhAva se uttama citra prastuta kie haiN| kavi ne kAvya ke antargata do prakAra ke uddIpana bhAvoM ko liyA hai - pAtrastha aura bAhya / pAtrastha meM AlaMbana kI cessttaaeN| Alambana gata ceSTAe~ to sabhI rasoM meM huA karatI haiM para bAhya paristhitiyoM kA uddIpana ke rupa meM zrRMgAra meM hI vidhAna dikhAI detA hai| anya raso meM prAyaH unakA abhAva hai| kavi guptajI, mANakacandajI, Adi kaviyoM ne bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva kA vAtAvaraNa tathA rAnI trizalA kI deha kA prakRti ke sAtha usake anukUla citraNa aMkita kiyA hai - garbha bhAra se mukha AbhA pIlI pIlI kanaka latA sI deha yaSTi surabhita gara bIlI - 3 *** or is "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.8 vahI, pR. 11 vahI in

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164 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vAtAyana se calakara AyA pavana haThIlA khela khelatA alaka jAla se khar3A raMgIlA' *** janma ke samaya: kavi prakRti kA citrAMkana bar3e hI sajIva rupa se prastuta karatA hai| bhagavAna ke janma ke samaya jar3a aura cetana prakRti meM cAroM ora harSollAsa chA gyaa| prakRti meM saba ora se zubha zukana hone lage / sabhI sukhasAgara kI lahara meM bahane lgii| sone kI ciDiyA muMDeroM para prAtaH kAla meM cahakane lagI, mora nRtyagAna karane lgaa| mana ko lubhAnevAlA zItala sugaMdhita pavana dhIre dhIre calane lgaa| isa prakAra kavine kAvya meM prakRti ke anukUla janma ke samaya kA vAstavika citraNa kiyA hai - dIpti mAna thI sabhI dizA nirmala-nirmala bhUse samIra ur3a calA gagana kI ora vikala mAtA trizalA ne diyA janma ho gayA prasava avataraNa dharA para vardhamAna prabhukA abhivana- 2 __ *** per3o kI phunagI para cir3iyA gIta manohara gaatii| maliyAnila kI puravAI sI havA gaMdha le aatii||3 *** vIra bhagavAna ke janma se gagana meM madhura dhvani bajane lagI / puSpoM kI varSA huii| vizva meM sarvatra hI sukha kI kiraNeM phailane lgii| indra kA siMhAsana kampita huaa| indra sabhI "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.11 vahI, pR.13 "jaya mahAvIra' : kavi mANakacanda, sarga-4, pR.42

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 165 devoM ko bulAkara bhagavAna kA abhiSeka evaM janmotsava manAne ke lie cala diye| abhiSeka ke lie, prasthAna karate hue bhagavAna airAvata hAthI para baiThe hue divya manohara suMdara aise dikha rahe the mAno isa vasundharA kA varadAna ho / janmotsava kA kavine buddhi kauzala se ramaNIya citraNa kAvya meM kiyA hai - jA rahe moda meM bhara sumerU parvata para jaya ho ! jaya ho ! jaya dhvani se guMjita aMbara ullasita sabhI harSAtirika mana vANI tana romAMcita le calI sahaja indrANI / *** chA rahe the ambuda abhiSeka mayUroM se sura nAce dekhe ghera kara baiTha gaye nagarAja saja gayA dikpAloM kA sAja- 2 *** kaviyoM ne mahAvIra kAvya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana prasaMgo kA mArmika varNana prakRti ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| nirjana vana meM kaThora sAdhanA kA anubhava honA, ghora upasargo ko sahana karanA, dhUpa-chAyA, zIta-uSNa Adi kaSToM ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana karate hue sAdhanA ke mArga para ArUDha honA, Adi kA kAvya meM citraNa huA hai grISma divasa ati tapta, sUrya thA prastara jaise aNgaaraa| vahI hue asIna urdva mukha jyoM, prakAza kI divi dhArA // 3 *** baiTha taru tala samAdhi meM kiyA karate tapa meM tana kSINa air mi "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.15 vahI, pR.16 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tapasyA", sarga-11, pR.127

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166 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana zizira meM jala kAyA thara-thara cartuSpAda yA saritA taTa para - 1 - *** eka pA~va para kabhI baiThakara prabhu ne purA dina kaattaa| kabhI A~dhiyoM meM hI rahakara, apanA karma jAla kaattaa| *** yakSa rAta meM ghAta lagA ke - TUTA una para vajra girA ke| aTTahAsa phira kiyA jora se - azani-pAta ke tumula zera se|3 *** bhagavAna kI sahiSNutA carama sImA para thii| sADhe bAraha varSa kI satata sAdhanA ke antargata aneka upasargo ko bhagavAna ne kaise zAMtipUrvaka sahana kiyaa| unakI tAr3anA, tarjanA, apamAna aura utpIr3ana kadama-kadama para hote rahe phira bhI samatA se ina kaSToM ko kisa prakAra jhelA? kaise saMgamadevatA dvArA chaH mAsa taka niraMtara upasargoM kI varSA huI aura bhagavAna apane dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hue| usane vividha bhayAnaka rupoM ko dhAraNa kara bhagavAna ko parAsta karanA cAhA, kintu svaMya parAsta huA / ina upasargoM kI krUratAbhayAnakatA kA prastutIkaraNa prakRti ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai - dhyAna mudrA meM lagI samAdhi sAmane bhUta-preta kI vyAdhi netra bhArI vizAla ko phAr3a khar3A thA sammukha mAra dahAr3a - 4 __ *** "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-4, pR.147 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-6, pR.235 "jaya mahAvIra" kavi mANakacaMda sarga-11, pR.107. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kaviguptajI, sarga-4, pR.150

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167 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana asUra garjana kilakArI mAra lagA hone mAno patajhAra varasatI thI nayanoM se jvAla lage phUphakAra mArane vyAla - *** vibhinna sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue anazana tapa, kaThora sAdhanA, kaThina pariSahoM Adi prasaMgo kA gahana citraNa kiyA hai / gvAloM dvArA bhagavAna ko asahya pIr3A karanA karuNa dRzya kavine kAvya varNita kiyA hai - mUDha hRdaya meM krodha jagA ke rassA bailoM kA hI laake| prabhu para khIMca calAyA tatkSaNa apane-pana se hokara unmatta / 2 *** usako krodha jagA vaha prabhu ko mana-hI-mana dhikkaaraa| kaThina kAla kI kIla zravaNa se ThoMkI vaha htyaaraa|| *** bhagavAna mahAvIra vividha sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue RjukUlA nadI ke pAsa pahu~ca gaye / prakRti ke saurabha ko dekhakara bhagavAna kA mana prasannatA se bhara gyaa| jRmbhi kA gA~va ke bAhara saritA kinAre eka ratna zilA kI ora bhagavAna baDhane lage, jisake para vRkSa kI zItala chAyA par3a rahI thii| maMda-maMda havA se pattiyA~ hila rahI thiiN| isa madhumaya vAtAvaraNa meM bhagavAna kA dhyAna adhika Atma-dRDha ho rahA thaa| avadhipUrNa hone para cAra dhAti karmoM ko naSTa karake bhagavAna kevalajJAna ko prApta hue| kavine kevalajJAna ke bAda kA ramaNIya va saumya prakRti kA varNana kAvya meM kiyA hai - lh "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-4, pR.150 "jaya mahAvIra" : kavi mANakacanda, dazamA sarga-pR.103 vahI, sarga-13, pR.120 sh

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168 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vaha nIlAmbara thA svaccha dizAyeM lonI vaha manda havA bhI bahatI Aja salonI devoM ne aMjali bharakara puSpa girAye gandhodaka ke chITe prabhu para brsaaye|' *** bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna utpanna hote hI devagaNa paMca divyoM kI vRSTi karate hue jJAna kI mahimA karane aaye| zraddhA aura bhakti se bhagavAna kI pUjA, stuti aura kevalajJAna kalyANakakA mahotsava mnaayaa| taduparAMta samavazaraNa kI racanA kii| kavi guptajI ne kAvya-kauzala va buddhi cAturya dvArA samavazaraNa kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| re bhUmi bhAga khAI kA SaT Rtu surabhita krIDA ke suMdara kuMja kuMja the kusumita vaha candrakAnta maNi zilA jahA~ thI zItala vizrAma indra karate ki baiThakara ika pala / 2 *** prabhu ke vana Agamana se prakRti meM ullAsa kI lahara uThane lgii| pazu-pakSI, naranArI bhagavAna ke svAgata ke lie khar3e haiN| apanI apanI bhASA meM sabhI jar3a-cetana prakRti prabhu ke guNagAna karane lage / sabhI ne zraddhA se bhagavAna ko vaMdanA kI / saritA Adi bhagavAna ke caraNa kA pakSAlana karake apane Apa ko dhanya dhanya samajhane lgii| isa prakAra vIra prabhu ke padArpaNa se saMpUrNa AkAza madhura gItoM se gUMjane lgaa| isI kA citraNa kavine karate hue kahA hai - saba bhASAoM kI vANIne, saba bhASAoM meM guNa gaaye| paga chU chU sabhI dizAoM ne, paridhAna digambara se pAye // phUloM ne itra nicor3a diyA, taruone chAte tAna diye| paga jidhara baDhe khila gaye kamala, jJAnodayane diyamAna diye // *** "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, paMcama sarga-pR.176 vahI, "bAlotpala", pR.180 vahI, "vanapatha", sarga-10, pR.261

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169 169 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana muninAtha baDhe patha para Age, vana vana ne caraNa vaMdanA kii| saritA saritA ne paga dhoye, patha patha ne caraNa arcanA kii| varSAne A abhiSeka kiyA, gUMje meghoM ke madhura gIta / moroM ne manahara nRtya kiye, caraNoM se karane lage prIta // ' *** jaba bhagavAna kA pAvApurI meM ziSyoM sahita Agamana hotA hai usa samaya kA kavine prakRti kA alaukika citraNa khIMcA hai| khetoM kI sunahalI phasala aisI dikhAI de rahI thI jaise svarNavAliyA~ ho, u~ce u~ce tarudala mAnoM nabha ko sparza kara rahe hoN| tAre Tima Tima kara rahe the| cA~danI aisI dikha rahI thI mAno dharatI kA gIta sunAne nIce utara AI ho / sUryodaya kI kiraNoM kI chaTA anokhI thii| eka vizAla sarovara meM pakSI tapasvI sA krIDA kara rahA thA / baka dhyAna magna ho kara tapasvI sA khar3A thA, machaliyA~ jala meM uchala-kUda kara rahI thii| pAvApurI kA mohaka, ramaNIya prakRti kA citraNa kavi ne kAvya meM guMthita kiyA hai khetoM kI phasala sunahalI bikharA ho jaise sonA A nikaTa dUba ko caratA koI svarNima mRga chaunA-2 *** tAre Tima Tima kara dete rAtoM ko sahaja vidAI dharatI ko gIta sunAne cA~danI utara AI-3 pAvApurI meM vIra bhagavanta ke padArpaNa se jar3a-cetana Adi sabhI prANiyoM meM alaukika divya bhAva ke darzana hue| prakRti kI zobhA manohara aura AkarSaka dikhAI dene ar r 2. 3. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, "divyadarzana", sarga-10, pR.276 vahI, sarga-8, pR.343 vahI

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170 * hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana lgii| cAro ora eka AnaMda kI lahara chA gyii| samasta prANI apanI-apanI bhASA meM guNagAna gAne lge| isa prakAra sabhI ora saMgIta kI madhura dhvani gUMjAyamAna bhagavAna ke hone lagI / hama prakRti se aise sajIva citraNa se hI usake sAtha tAdAtmya kA anubhava kara sakane meM samartha ho sakate haiM / kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvApurI meM Agamana ke samaya kA prabhAvotpadaka citraNa kiyA hai| usase eka sajIvatA hI khar3I kara dI hai| eka dRzya hI khar3A ho gayA hai| bha~varoM meM gIta alApA / piMka ne madhutAna lagAI sira hila - hilAkara tarudala ne caraNoM meM DAla jhukAI / 1 *** 3. Age Age calatA thA malayaja buhArAtA patha meM prabhu mahAvIra the pIche AsIna jJAna ke ratha meM - 2 *** pR. 338 aisA lagatA dharatI para umar3A apAra dharatI para calanevAle ko kaisA vizrAma kahIM bhI kSaNabhara *** jisa samaya prabhukA nirvANa hotA hai, usa samaya jar3a-cetana prakRti zoka meM DUba jAtI hai| prabhu ke viyoga se sabhI ora vilApa kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai| gautama gaNadhara vIra prabhu ke nirvANa kA samAcAra milate hI jaise AsamAna hI TUTa par3A hai| lagatA hai "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra", kavi guptajI, sarga-8, pR. 341 vahI, vahI 3

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 171 jaise AkAza se bijalI gira par3I ho| isa prakAra kI atyaMta dArUNa sthiti kA varNana kavine kAvya meM varNita kiyA hai| jisa ke paThana mAtra se pAThaka kA hRdaya bhI rone lagA hai| kAvya kA varNana itanA saTIka hai ki pUre vAtAvaraNa kA dRzya A~kho ke sAmane ghUmane lagatA hai - gautama ke yugala nayana se jhara rahI azru dhaaraayeN| * ** ro uThe pha pha ka kara gautama suna prabhu kI aNtimvaannii| *** sUraja ne chipA liyA mukha bAdala ko auTa banAkara ro uThe dizA vana upavana ro uThA vikala ho ambr| prabhu kI antimavANI sunakara gaNadhara gautama phUTa phUTa kara rone lge| kArtika kRSNa kI amAvasa kI rAta A gii| prabhu kI divya vANI sthaMbhita ho gyii| ha~sa ur3akara cala par3A aura raha gayA mRta zarIra / kevala dharatI para mATI hI raha gii| bhagavAna ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt gaNadhara ko kevalajJAna utpanna huaa| pUjana ke thAla sajakara sabhI maMdira meM A rahe the| zaMkha dhvaniyA~ bajatI thiiN| maMdira meM jaya mahAvIra kI jaya dhvaniyA~ dhvanita ho rahI thii| pAvApurI dharatI kA kaNa-kaNa pAvana bana gyaa| nirvANa bhUmi tIrtha bana gaI / vRkSoM ke samUha, pattiyA~, hila-mila kara mAnoM prabhu kI samAdhi kI ora saMketa kara rahe the| bhU-ambara se jaya mahAvIra, jaya tIrthaMkara kI AvAja gUMjatI hai| isa prakAra kaviyoM ne kAvya ke antargata apanI lekhanI dvArA janma se lekara prabhu ke nirvANa taka kA prakRti ke anukUla uttama varNana citrita kiyA hai| prabhu kA janma honA, indra dvArA janma kalyANaka kA Ayojana karanA, deva-deviyA~, indra Adi kA 1. 2. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-8, pR.350 vahI, pR.349 vahI, pR.351

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***** 172 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana milakara meru parvata para abhiSeka karanA, bAla-lIlA Adi kA varNana sarala-subodha zailI meM prakRti ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| jaMgalI prANiyoM dvArA ghora upasarga, kevala jJAna kI prApti ke samaya pAvApurI meM Agamana evaM nirvANa Adi kA prakRti ke anukula, bhAvAnukUla, viSayAnukUla suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| ___ vAstava meM kavine prakRti kA svAbhAvika citraNa aMkita kara kAvya ke sauMdarya ko baDhAyA hai| prabandhoM meM rasa darzana kAvya meM rasa kI mahattAH ___ kAvya meM rasa kI vizeSa mahattA hai, usakA vizeSa sthAna hai| kAvya kI AtmA rasAdi hI haiN| jahA~ rasa hai vahA~ kAvya hai aura jahA~ rasa nahIM hai vahA~ kAvya nahIM hai| usakA matalaba yaha na ho ki rasa ke Adhikya se kAvya kI kathAvastu kA pravAha hI vicchinna ho jaae| kAvya aura rasa kA abhinna saMbaMdha hai| mAnava ke mana meM samaya-samaya para utpanna honevAle vikAroM se rasa kI siddhi hotI hai| "rasyante antarAtmanA'nubhUyante" iti rasAH arthAt antarAtmA kI anubhUti ko rasa kahate haiM / kaviyoM ne mahAvIra prabandhoM meM viSayanAnukUla, bhAvAnukUla rasoM kA advitIya citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| zAMtarasa: kaviyoM ne sAhitya-zAstriyoM kI bhA~ti hI zama ko zAntarasa kA sthAyI bhAva mAnA hai| unhone eka matase, rAga-dveSoM se vimukha hokara vItarAgI patha para baDhane ko hI zAnti kahA hai| use prApta karane ko do upAya kavine kAvyoM meM batAye haiM-tatvaciMtana aura vItarAgiyoM kI bhkti| unhoMne zAnta bhAva kI cAra avasthAe~ svIkAra kI hai| prathama avasthA vaha hai jo mana kI pravRtti, duHkha rupAtmaka saMsAra se haTakara Atma zodhana kI ora mur3atI hai| yaha vyApaka aura mahatvapUrNa dazA hai| dUsarI avasthA meM usa pramAda kA pariSkAra kiyA jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa saMsAra ke sukha-duHkha satAte haiN| tIsarI avasthA vaha hai jaba ki kaSAyavAsanAoM kA pUrNa abhAva hone para nirmala AtmA kI anubhUti hotI haiN| cauthI avasthA kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone para pUrNa AtmAnubhUti ko kahate haiN| inameM sthiti "zama" bhAva hI rasatA ko prApta hotA hai|

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 173 zAntarasa sthAyI bhAvavAlA hotA hai aura isa kI utpatti kavi ne kAvya ke antargata tapa aura yogi saMparka Adi vibhAvoM se batAyI hai| tathA kAma, krodha Adi abhAvarupa anubhAvoM hote haiN| dhRti, mati Adi isameM vyabhicArI bhAva hote haiM arthAt jisakA 'zama' rupa sthAyI bhAva hai tathA jo mokSa kA ApAdaka hai| yaha tatvajJAna, vairAgyacitta zuddhi Adi vibhAvoM ke dvArA utpanna hotA hai| prastuta bhagavAna mahAvIra saMbaMdhI kAvyoM meM zAntarasa kI pradhAnatA hai| tathA kAvyoM kA anta bhI zAMtarasa meM hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAvya nAyaka dhIra prazAnta mahAvIra haiM / ve mokSaphala ke dAtA haiM / kaviyoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvyoM meM janma se lekara nirvANa taka ke bhAvoM ke anukUla rasoM kA citraNa khIMcA hai| tIrthaMkara kA janma sampUrNa prANI jagata ke lie maMgalamaya hotA hai, isIlie unake janma-prasaMga para manuSya hI nahIM, svarga ke deva-deviyoM indra evaM indrANI taka khuzI manAte haiN| pazu-pakSiyoM meM Ananda kI lahara dauDane lagatI haiM, saMgIta kI madhura dhvani sunAI dene lagatI hai, mayUra nAcane lagate haiN| kavi ne bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva vAtAvaraNa kI zAnti kA suMdara citraNa kAvya meM kiyA hai - nirmala ambara sundara samIra, phailA basanta bana bAgoM meN| maMgala dhvaniyA~ manahara bAje, pakSI gAte saba rAgoM meN| nakSatra sabhI anukUla hue, zubha ghar3iyoM kI A gaI ghdd'ii| usa kSaNa kI pUjA karane ko, siddhiyA~ khar3I thI bar3I bdd'ii|| *** koI gAyana vAdana karatI manamohaka nRtya dikhAtI thI, pUchA karatI thIM prazna gUDha sundara AkhyAna sunatI thI, ve vana krIDA ko le jAtIM koI nIta mahala sajAtI thI, vikriyA Rddhi se camatkAra ve nAnA bhA~ti dikhAtI thii| 2 *** vaha zubha dina AyA, mana haraSAyA, prakRti chaTA ati pAvana thii| mRdu maMda sugaMdhita anila pravAhita, zItala prema lubhAvana thii| I air "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.95 "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.34

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174 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana usa divya zakti kA teja prakaTa thA, nara zizu kA tana atulita thaa| dekha vimohita sakala nAriyA~, AkarSaNa atula aparimata thaa|' *** bhagavAna ke janma ke pazcAt cAroM aura zAnti kA sAmrAjya phaila jAtA hai| prakRti meM bhI zAMti kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAtA hai| indra-indrANI, devagaNa aura jana-mAnasa meM Ananda kA sAgara umar3ane lagatA hai - baja uThI deva dundubhI huA jayanAda-gahana zaMkhadhvani se ApUrita dharatI aura gagana svarga se vRSTi thI pArijAta ke puSpoM kI ho gaI dhyAna mudrA vibhaMga RSi-muniyoM kI *** koI karatA thA nRtya dauDatA koI maMgalavelA kI beli kisIne boI jA pahu~ce kuNDalapura meM krama se suragaNa bhara gayA suroM se rAjamahala kA AMgana *** avatIrNa huI vaha divya jyoti, jo yuga ke tama para prakAza / ghara ghara meM the AhlAda naye, ghara ghara meM dhana ghara ghara prakAza / / vaha prakaTa huA jo dharA banA, vaha prakaTa huA jo gagana bnaa| vaha AyA jo brahmANDa Iza, trizalA ne amara sapUta jnaa||' *** par3e duHkha meM jIva aneka milA kucha unako bhI pritraann| a rin x "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "divya zakti avataraNa", sarga-3, pR.31 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.13 vahI, pR.14 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.96

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1. 2. 3. jaga sukha kI anubhUti ajAnana jisakA thA koI pariNAma / 1 *** mahAkAvyoM ke antargata kavi ne vividha prasaMgo para bhinna-bhinna zAntarasakA citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| janma se pUrva jar3a va cetana prakRti meM zAMti, rAjya meM zAMti, sAdhanA meM, vairAgyatA ke samaya meM, bhava nirveda meM, samovazaraNa meM paraspara vairabhAvanA meM zAMti Adi aneka zAntarasa ke padoM ko kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai / vividha prasaMgoM meM varNita zAMtarasa ke kucha udAharaNa prastuta hai - va jJAna ke samaya kI zAMti kA bhAva dekhie - vaha nIlAmbara thA svaccha dizAyeM lInI, vaha manda havA bhI bahatI Aja salaunI, devoM ne aMjali bhara-bhara puSpa girAye, gandhodaka ke chITe, prabhu para barasAye - *** 4. devaloka meM bajI badhAIgU~jA sAja manohara kalpavRkSa ne phUla girAyekhilakara unake Upara // 2 *** candrayoga nakSatra uttarA phAlgunI kA thA taba bhagavAna / goduha Asana lagA birAje Atma- rupa le samyak jJAna / zukladhyAna kI latha meM, kevala darzana kA ho gayA prakAza, lokA-loka bhAva the prabhu ke sanmukha phailA Atma-prakAza *** - 175 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 1, pR. 69 "jaya mahAvIra " : kavi mANakacanda, sarga - 4, pR. 46 " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga - 5, pR. 176 " carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : AcArya zrI vidyAcaMdrasUri, pada saM, 157, pR.41

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176 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jagamaga karatA sUrya gagana meM vihaMsa rahA thA mahAvIra ke bhItara-bAhara huA ujaalaa| mAtra jJAna kA puJja bane baiThe hI baiThe, dazoM dizAoM meM phailA thA zubhra ujaalaa|' ** * sphaTika maNi sama deha huI ho gae ghAtiyA~ karma nAza, bahatI thI maMda sugandhavAyu cahu~ dizi meM phaila gaI suvAsa, zaci pati kA Asana hilA tabhIsura vAdya baja uThe anAyAsa, taba indra avadhi se jAna gayA prabhu antara meM phailA prakAza, 2 *** Asana laga gaI usI tarU tala pratimAsana dhyAna lagAte haiM, vaizAkha zukla dazamI ko taba kevala jJAnI bana jAte haiM, tapa ke prabhAva se gAya siMha pAnI pIte haiM eka ghATa, chaha RtuoM ke phala phUla sabhI tarUoM meM Ae eka sAtha, 2 *** vana meM zAMtiH muninAtha baDhe patha para Age, vana-vana ne caraNa bandanA kii| saritA saritA ne paga dhoye, patha-patha ne caraNa arcanA kii| varSA ne A abhiSeka kiyA, gUMje meghoM ke madhura gIta / moroM ne manahara nRtyu kiye, caraNoM se karane lage prIta / ' *** khaga kula guNa gAne lage DAla DAla para gIta mh th sh "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-7, pR.287 "trizalAnaMdana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.67 vahI "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "divyadarzana", sarga-11, pR.276 >>

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177 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana gIta gIta meM prIta thI, gIta gIta meM jIta *** sAdhu santoM ne namana kiyA, phala phUla car3hAye per3oM ne| paga paga para bar3hate gaye pair3a, paga paga baDhAe per3oM ne / / zero ne kiyA praNAma kahA, bhagavAna siMha kula ke daadaa| ye apane bAbA par3abAbA, ati vIra siMha kula ke dAdA // 2 *** rimajhima rimajhima varSA AI, pyAse per3oM ko nIra milaa| ha~satI gAtI varSA AI, vana-upavana kA hara phUla khilaa|| vana vana meM vana sampadA baDhI, bhara gaI anna se dharA varA / jaba tapa se gaMgA AtI hai, ho jAtA hai saMsAra harA // 3 samovazaraNa meM zAMtiH saba ke saba nirbhIka bhAva se, hiMsaka pazu bhI zAMta bhAva se| unake nikaTa Anakara baiThe, mana meM saba ke mRdula bhAva the| . *** sura nara muni jana devagaNa, jala thala nabha cara jiiv| samavazaraNa meM saja gaye, nRpati mukuTa dhara jIva *** im * 3 . "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "divyadarzana", sarga-11, pR.274 vahI vahI, pR.276 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-5, pR.177 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "jJAnavANI", sarga-12, pR.298

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178 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1. 2. 3. 4. sabane kiyA praNAma zIza kucha anAyAsa hI jhuka jAtA thA / aisA lagatA janma janma kA jIvanaRNa cukatA jAtA thA / pazu-pakSIoM jIva jantu bhI jhuke jale Ate the| 1 parama duHkhI bhI kSaNa bhara meM hI paramosukha pAte the / ' " *** nava meM prakoSTha meM sUrya candra bhI baiThe au anya kalpavAsI baiThe dasa meM the the gyArahaveM meM manuja aura vidyAdhara the siMha aura mRha bArahaveM meM Akara *** 2 bhava nirveda meM zAMti : AtmA jaba paramAtmA ke svarupa ko prApta karatI hai usa samaya jo apUrva zAMti prApta hotI hai usakA varNana kavi ne manohara zabdAvalI meM kiyA hai ruka gaI divya vANI kI saba aMga ho gaye niSkriya lekina pratimA kA aba bhI vaha yoga calA rahA sakriya - 3 *** zukla dhyAna kI cauthI sthiti meM jA pahu~ce jahA~ karma, koI zeSa nahIM rahatA / zuddha- jIva, nija AbhAse Alokita thA, isake nantara koI bandha nahIM rahatA 4 *** bhagavAna mahAvIra kavi zarmAjI, "samavazaraNa pariSada", sarga - 14, pR. 155 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra", kavi guptajI, paMcama sarga, pR. 197 vahI, AThavA~ sarga, pR. 350 66 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "parinirvANa", navam sopAna, pR. 346

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179 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana pAvApura ke udyAna mAhiM Akara prabhu dhyAna lagAyA hai, jyoM hI divya dhvani baMda huI saba samoraNa bikharAyA hai, lekara ke pratimA yoga prabhu kara gaI bahattara prakRti nAza, caudahaveM guNa sthAna mAMhi kara liyA prabhu ne tabhI vAsa, ' *** mahAvIra bhagavAna kA, huA yahA~ nirvANa ur3atI yahA~ sugandha hai, darzana dete prANa *** mahA prabhu ne antima yaha mauna, baMda ye rAjiva locana zAnta / mokSa kA khulA zuci bhAna, vAyu maMDala bhI banA prazAnta / indriyoM kI avarodhita rAha, baMda the saba bhautika vyApAra / anila kA rASita sA~sa pravAha, cetanA kA suananta prasAra // 3 *** zrRMgArarasaH zrRMgArarasa kA sthAyIbhAva rati hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI patnI rAjakumArI yazodA ke saMyoga aura viyoga zrRMgAra kA kavi ne kAvya meM avarNanIya citraNa kiyA hai| unhone kAvya meM trizalA ke aMgopAMga kI saundaryatA kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai su-AnanA sundara-candra-kAnta-sI, sukezinI nIla-zikhA-samAna thI, supAdase ArUNa padma-rAga-sI, suzobhitA ratna-mayI subhIrU thii| *** citrakAra yA catura kalAvida usakA zilpa anUThA thaa| I ai r "trizalAnaMdana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.76 "vIrAyaNa": kavi mitrajI, "ananta', sarga-14, pR.341 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi zarmAjI, "pAvApura nirvANa', sarga-20, pR.20 "vardhamAna" kavi anUpa zarmA, sarga-1, pR.49 in x

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180 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana usakI kUrca meM pUrita thA - 1 maulika bhAva aTUTA-sA // *** kavine rAjakumAra vardhamAna aura rAjakumArI - yazodA ke dAmpatya jIvana kA kalpanA kI tUlikAse raMga bharakara rati bhAva kA alaukika citraNa aMkita kiyA haidulhana kA jo rUpa nihArA dulhA ne hRdaya uchalakara, jaise milane ko bhAgA / 1. 2. 3. 4. - eka ghar3I aisI thI AI jIvana meM sAgara nadiyA meM milane ko thA bhaagaa| 2 *** kAyA meM kAyA ke ghulane kI velA AliMgata hoM-jaise dharatI aura gagana / eka alaukika sukha kA pulakita bhAva prabalajisa meM puruSa aura nArI hoM prema-magana / 2 *** rasa meM saritA sAgara meM thI, sukha meM do tana the ekarupa / tana ke mahaloM me lIna hue, rAnI meM khoye hue bhUpa // rAnI rAjA ke caraNa cUma, bolo priya tuma jala meM pyAsI / para pyAsa hamArI nIra bane, upavana ke phUla na hoM bAsI // 4 prema do prakAra kA hotA hai - laukika aura alaukika / rAjakumArI yazodA kA prema laukika dharAtala se uThakara alaukika dharAtala para pratiSThita ho gayA thaa| isa meM samUcA Atma-samarpaNa hotA hai aura prema ke pratyAgamana kI bhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai / hindIkaviyoM ne kavi sUradAsa kI bhA~ti zrRMgArarasa kA anokhA citraNa kAvya meM kiyA hai / kavi dvArA patnI yazodA kI viraha vedanA kA karuNAmaya citraNa dekhie / "" 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "vividha vicAra", sopAna - 3, pR. 99 vahI, "gRhastha meM", sopAna - 3, pR. 105 vahI, "vividha vicAra", sopAna - 3, pR. 105 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga - 4, pR. 89

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana viyoga zrRMgAra : kaNa kaNa jalatA aura pighalatA kAyA tila tila caTaka rahI / aMga aMga jaise kaTate hoM, 1 haDDI haDDI tir3aka rahI / ' *** 2. 3. sva kI pIr3A ko svayaM hI jAna sakatA hai, parAI pIr3A ko kauna jAnegA ? kavi yazodA ke zabdoM meM aMtaH mana kI viraha vyathA ko rAjakumAra vardhamAna ko vyakta karate hue kAvya meM likhate haiM ki aise hI jAnA thA tarjakara to kyoM mujhako le Ae ? to kyA mere arntamana meM, TIsa jagAne ko lAe ? *** patnI yazodA kabhI anila se, kabhI nabha kI parI se, kabhI candramA se, to kabhI sUraja 'se patideva ke kuzala kSema kA samAcAra pUchatI hai aura priyatama ko asa vedanA kA saMdeza bhI bhejatI hai / vaha apane priyatama ko kisI na kisI prakAra se prApta karanA cAhatI hai| prakRti ke pratyeka kaNa-kaNa meM use khojane kA prayAsa karatI hai / ari anila paradeza se AI hai gatimAna | kaha priyakA saMdezA kucha, kuzalakSema bhagavAna // 3 *** 181 jArI nabha kI parI, priya se kaha saMdeza / gaurI aba kAlI par3I base kauna se deza: 44 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra " : kavi yodheyajI, "vidA kI velA", tRtIya sopAna, pR. 126 vahI, pR. 125 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, yazodA viraha, sarga - 15, pR. 165

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182 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana arI ghaTA usa deza jA, jahA~ nArI ke kNt| yahA~ barasi kyoM rItatI, Usara thala para haMta / ' *** priyatama vardhamAna kumAra vana kI ora prayANa karate samaya priyA yazodA ke antarmana ke aneka prazna ubharakara azru-jalake rupa meM baha nikalate haiN| isa prakAra kavi ne rAjakumArI yazodA kI vedanA yukta manaHsthiti kA karUNa citraNa kAvya meM kiyA hai yaha kaisA hai nyAya purUSa kA nirNaya svayam, sunA ddaalaa| harA bharA jIvana merA to, palameM bhasma banA ddaalaa| *** mere lie mahala kA jIvana zUla bharA hai pIr3A sthl| bina svAmI ke naraka tulya hai, nAgoM kA hai krIDA sthala rAjakumArI yazodA mArga meM khar3I khar3I patideva ke lie maMgalaM kAmanA karatI huI apanI madhuravANI meM hRdayodgAroM ko vyakta karatI haiM - maga meM viyoginI khar3I-khar3I, gAtI thI jAo jaya paao| mere manahara mere upAsya ! merI pujA ke ho jaao| *** tuma tapa karane ko jAte ho, maiM badalI banakara sAtha calI, tuma ko dhUpa na lagane pAye, isalie dhUpa meM svayaM jlii|| *** "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, yazodA viraha, sarga-15, pR.165 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kaviyodheyajI, "vidAya kI velA", tRtIya sopAna, pR.126 vahI "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "vanapatha", sarga-10, pR. 255 vahI I arrin x ;

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183 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prabhu tuma jisa patha se jAoge merI kAyA chAyA hogii| mere prabhu bAla brahmacArI, pUjA merI mAyA hogii|| *** yaha laukika prema jaba nisRta hotA hai taba sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM eka divya cetanA dikhAI dene lagatI hai| sAre bhedoM kA anta hotA hai| isameM itanI zakti hotI hai ki pApa bhI puNya meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| kAvya meM prema ke saMyamita aura udAtta svarupa ko hI kavi ne grahaNa kiyA hai| prema ke kSetra meM saundarya kI nUtana kalpanAoM, prema kA udAttapakSa kaviyoM ne mahAvIra kAvya meM nirupaNa kiyA hai| rAjakumArI yazodA priyatama kI smRti meM apanI sakhI se kahatI hai ki dekha anAdhina sI yaha kalikA, murajhAI binA khilI sii| zaizava meM bhI nahIM kilakatI, gumasuma sI hai hoTha-sIlI sii||2 *** cakavI jaise rAta rAtabhara, priya se bichur3a kalapatI hai| kauna samajhatA ? kisakA duHkha hai ? jisa para bItI vahI jaantaa|' *** binA vRkSa ke bela abhAgina, aisI hI sthiti merI hai| jaise salima binA saritA ho, zuSkareta samayaha cerI hai| rAjakumArI yazodA apanI beTI priyadarzanA se kahatI hai ki A beTI ! prabhu ke guNa gaaleN| jaga ke hita prabhU sUrya bane haiM, maMgala-parva manA leN||5 *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "vanapatha', sarga-10, pR.255 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, yazodA viraha, sarga-15, pR.164 vahI, pR.168 vahI vahI, pR.163

Page #199
184 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavine yazodA ke viraha kA vividha pratIkoM ke dvArA citrAMkana kiyA hai| unhone cA~danI, saMdhyA, bijalI, lahara Adi ko milana, viraha, praphullatA udAsI, vedanA, ullAsa Adi ke pratIka banAkara kAvya meM citraNa kiyA hai / yazodA priya sakhI ko sambodhana karake kahatI hai dekha arI kucha sUraja sA hai, karatA AtA zubhra prkaash| lagatA hai mere svAmI hI pahuMca rahe haiM nabha ke pAsa // 1 *** dekho rI vaha candra hai, kalA lagI hai saath| maiM aisI hata bhAginI tyAga gaye haiM nAtha // 2 *** hAya sakhI ! kaise kahU~ ? sukhada svapna priya saath| gur3I tanI nabha meM kahIM, zithila Dora hai hAtha // 3 *** kavi ne prakRti ko sasIma se asIma kI ora vyaSTi se samaSTi kI ora vikasita kiyA hai| prema kAvyoM meM puSTa, prAMjala evaM gaMbhIra hokara kavi kI antara sAdhanA ke rupa meM prastuta huA hai| jisake mAdhyama se kavi nijI jIvana ke aneka mAnavIya guNoM kA vikAsa karatA hai| vAtsalya rasaH ___ vAtsalya ke samrATa kavi sUradAsa kI bhA~ti DaoN. guptajI, DaoN. zarmAjI evaM kavi yodheyajI Adi kaviyoM ne vAtsalya kI avarNanIya sundara jhAMkI kAvya meM prastuta kI haiN| deva-deviyA~, indra-indrANI sabhI prabhu kI sevA meM rata haiN| koI prabhu ke aMgopAMga ko susujjita karatI haiM to koI khilaune, koI mastaka para snAna karAkara kezara kA caMdana lagAtI hai to koI A~kho meM aMjana detI haiN| isa prakAra bhagavAna ko divyAbhUSaNoM se sajjita karane kA tathA aMgopAMga kI capalatA kA cittAkarSaka citraNa kavine kAvyoM meM varNita kiyA hai - "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha", sarga-15, pR.165 vahI, pR.164 vahI, pR.163

Page #200
185 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana koI snAna karA mastaka para kezara kA caMdana koI lagA DiDhaunA-pahinA detI divya vasana -1 * * * ghuTanoM ke bala gire sarakate cale peTa ke bala ratna khilaune hAthI ghor3A pAnA thA kevala - 2 *** prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne prabhu kI bAlyAvasthA kA saundarya evaM zArIrika ceSTAoM kA hI nahIM, balki unakI antaH prakRti ke bhI sajIva aura hRdayagrAhI citra apanI kAvya kuzalatA se aMkita kiye haiN| kavi DaoN. rAmakRSNa zarmAjI ke vAtsalya citraNa meM mamatAmayI mAtA ke snehapUrNa hRdaya kI vyAkulatA aura autsukya kI vyaMjanA kA suMdara Alekhana huA hai| jisa samaya mAtA trizalA mudita hokara palane meM jhUlA jhUlAkara madhura svaroM meM loriyA~ gA rahI hai, usa samaya ke vAtsalya kA kavine sajIva citraNa kiyA hai - gAtI rasamaya mudita loriyA~ Ao pariyA~ ! navala goriyA~ ArI nidiyA! pyArI niMdiyA! mAthe sohe mohana biNdiyaa| *** vIra prabhu ghuTanoM ke bala para calane kA anupama citraNa dekhie - chama chama pAyala bajatI on & in "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.28 vahI "bhagavAna mahAvIra' : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA', sarga-4, pR.46 vahI, pR.47 x

Page #201
186 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kikiniyA~ kalakhasA mAtAke mana Ananda bharatI *** jhUma jhanana jhUna jhUniyA~ bajatI pairoM meM paijaniyA~ lAlA calatA cAla ghuTaniyA~ *** bAlaka mAtA se kahatA hai ki he mA~ ! mujhe candA de do, maiM khela khelUMgA macala gayA zizu de mA~ candA khela racAUMgA gala phndaa||3 *** dede geMda candanI DaMDA banA kalama yaha le srkNddaa|| *** "kavi hajArIlAla kRta "trizalAnandana" kAvya meM bhI bAlaka mAtA ke sAtha tutalAyI bhASA meM bolanA, aura mAtA ke sAtha ha~sI-majhAka karanA, bAlaka kisa prakAra baiThatA hai, uThatA hai, khAtA hai, pItA hai aura sotA hai Adi bAla ceSTAoM kA sUkSma nirikSaNa kAvyoM meM kiyA haiN| bAlaka ke hAva-bhAvoM ko dekhakara mAtA kA unake prati kisa prakAra vAtsalyabhAva umar3atA hai vaha dekhie - dutiyA kA cA~da bar3he, jaise aise prabhu bar3hate jAte the, mAtA ke sAtha bAta karate, to aksara hI tutalAte the, ratnoM kI dhUla uThA karake, ha~sakara sarapara dulakAte the, girakara uThate phira cala dete, kriyAe kaI dikhAte the|" ** * I arrin xx ; "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA', sarga-4, pR.48 vahI, pR.49 vahI vahI "trizalAnandana' : kavi hajArIlAla pR.38

Page #202
187 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana ha~sI ha~sI meM mIThI jhir3akI khAkara zizu ne hoMTha sikodd'e| mAtA ne cipakAyA ura se ha~sakara dAsI ke kara jodd'e| *** vIra bAlaka jisa samaya panahArina kA khela khela rahA thA, usI samaya kI bAla ceSTA kA prazaMsanIya citraNa kAvya meM kavi ne kiyA hai - mArA DhelA girI mathaniyA~ lar3ane ko A gaI dulahaniyA~ // barajo rAnI bAlaka apanA, abhI umra ko chonA DhonA, dikhA rahA rasaraMjita sapanA // 2 . *** mAtA panahArina ko samajhAtI hai ki dekho bahina; burA mata mAnanA / abhI bAlaka choTA hai / bAlyAvasthA nirvikAra aura nirmala saccita sonA jaisI hotI hai| tumhArA ghar3A phUTa gayA to lAdU~ tathA cunariyA~ sIdU~ / he panahArina ! jJAna kUpa rupI tapa se yukta buddhi kI gagariyA~ bhara do ghaDA phUTA to nava ghaTa de dUM, sIM dUM phaTI cunariyA~ jJAna kUpa se tapa rasarI le, bhara lo buddhi gagariyA~ // 3 *** rAjakumAra vardhamAna ne sAdhanA ke lie gRhatyAga kara vana meM jAne kA nirNaya kiyA, usa samaya mAtA kA bAlaka ke prati vAtsalya umar3a par3A aura duHkhI svara meM apane manobhAvoM ko vyakta karatI huI putra ko samajhAtI hai - tU kamala phUla-sA komala tapa kI kaThina Dagara -- or is "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "bAlalIlA", dvitIya sopAna, pR.78 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA", sarga-4, pR.49 vahI, pR.50 in

Page #203
188 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tapa ke mahAna upasarga sahana hoge kyoMkara- 1 *** jaba dhaharAyegeM nabhameM varSA ke bAdala tama phailA rahA gaharA bhUpara kAlA kAjala *** jisa samaya bhagavAna dIkSA ke lie vana kI ora prasthAna kara rahe haiM, usa samaya mA~ kI mamatA va virahajanya sthiti kA karuNa citraNa kavi anUpa zarmA Adi kaviyoM ne prastuta kiyA hai - vaha girI biddha vihaMgI-sI Ahata dharatI para suta ke viyoga meM kA~pa uThI kAyA thara-thara 3 *** cala rahI sAtha mA~ manamanA dInA hInA thI asta-vyasta-sI tana kI sudhabudha kucha bhI nA *** vaha phUTa-phUTa rotI jAtI thI DakarAtI "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' : kavi guptajI, tRtIya sarga, pR.112 vahIM, pR.114 vahI, pR.109 vahIM, pR.111 ___

Page #204
189 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana usakI vihvalatA rUdana dekha phaTatI chAtI-1 kaviyoM dvArA, prastuta vAtsalanya varNana ko par3hate samaya sUra kA bAlavarNana sAkAra hone lagatA hai| jaise mA~-yazodA aura kRSNa kI bAlalIlAoM kA varNana sUra ne kiyA hai| usI taraha kA vAtsalya varNana ina kaviyoM ne bhI kiyA hai| ye racanAyeM sUra kI paravartI racanA meM hone se una para sUra kA prabhAva honA svAbhAvika haiM jo paralakSita hotI karUNarasa: karUNarasa kA sthAyI-bhAva zoka hai| kavi ne kAvya ke antargata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tyAga ke samaya mAtA-pitA, bhAI aura patnI ke prati karUNA, candabAlA ke kaSTa ke prati karUNA aura carAcara jagata ke prati mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM karUNA Adi vividha prasaMgo para karUNarasa kA ramaNIya citraNa citrita kiyA hai - nayanoM meM AMsU bhare dekhate nara-nArI prabhu ke viyoga kI dhirI ghaTA pura meM bhArI . *** yaha kyA : dIkhe nandI vardhana, phUTa phUTa kara rote se| sambandhoM kI vasudhA-ura meM prema bIja vara bote se // 3 *** mahAvIra ke vanagamana ke samaya vana ke samasta prANI apanA bhAna bhUlakara zoka meM DUba gaye the| isa prakAra jaDa va cetana prakRti meM zokamaya vAtAvaraNa chAyA huA thA "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, tRtIya sarga, pR.111 vahI, pR.109 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "sanyastasaMkalpa', sarga-10, pR.124

Page #205
190 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana totA-menA, sArasa joDI, kala kapota ke nava joDe cupa cupa rote gumasuma hote, nIce ko anana moDe / phUTa par3I thI ghaTA kahA~ hai, jyoti jAla usa cplaakaa| nizA sA~varI krandana karatI, kahA~ teja hai candra klaakaa|| *** kavi ne caMdanA ko vezyA ke ghara bece jAne para, unake sAtha kiye gaye krUra vyavahAra ko karUNa bhAvoM meM vyakta kiyA hai - vezyA ne kor3A maMgavAkara caMdana bAlA para vAra kiyA, hara bAra bAra karatI thI vaha lekina isane inkAra kiyA, bAlA rotI thI jora jora, jur3a gae hajAroM nara-nArI, yaha dRzya dekhakara RSabhasaina ke dila meM bar3hI dayA bhArI / / *** kavine bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya meM nirvANa ke pazcAt gautama Adi ziSyoM kA karUNa vilApa tathA prakRti ke zaukamaya vAtAvaraNa kA dArUNya citraNa aMkita kiyA hai hokara anAtha vikalA-sI vaha ziSya maNDalI roI duHkha ke apAra sAgara meM vaha mUr3ha banI-sI khoI - 3 *** sUraja ne chipA liyA mukha bAdala ko oTa banAkara ro uThe dizA vana upavana ro uThA vikala ho ambara I - ai r "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "sanyastasaMkalpa", sarga-10, pR.124 "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.62 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI sarga-8, pR.351 vahI in x

Page #206
191 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bIbhatsa rasaH ____ yadyapi mahAvIra sambandhI prabaMdhoM meM bIbhatsa rasa nahiMvat hai| bhagavAna para jo ghora upasarga hue una varNanoM meM svAbhAvika rupa se bIbhatsa kI jhalaka dikhAI dI hai| "zrI raghuvIrazaraNa" kRta "vIrAyaNa" kAvya meM bIbhatsa rasa kA varNana citrAtmaka rupa se kiyA hai| bIbhatsa rasa kA sthAyI bhAva jugupsA hai - kucha bhUta lothoM kA uThA, nAlI bahAte rakta kI, laDDU banAte mAMsa ke, rabar3I banAte rakta kii| *** raudrarasaH raudra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva krodha hai| bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva cAroM aura aMdhakAra phailA huA thaa| bahaneM luTIM jA rahI thii| mAnava dAnava banakara talavAroM, bhAloM se hatyA kara rahe the usI krUratA kA sajIva citraNa kavi ne kAvya meM kiyA hai : bhAI ke Age bahina luTI, hatyAroM ko kucha hoza na thaa| zizuoM ko bhAloM se godA, talavAroM ko kucha hoza na thA / mAnavatA naMgI DAlI, dharmAndhoM kI mncaahiine| bhArata mAtA ko ghera liyA, dharmoM kI ghora tabAhI ne // 2 *** eka bAra bhagavAna dhyAna meM lIna the| eka gvAlA apane bailoM ko lekara udhara aayaa| bhagavAna dhyAnastha avasthA meM vRkSoM ke nIce khar3e the| gvAlA baiMlo kA dhyAna rakhane kA kahakara calA gyaa| vApisa lauTane para jaba gvAlA ne bailoM ko na dekhA to tapasvI muni para asahya krodha kiyaa| inhIM bhAvoM ke anukUla raudra rasa kA citra kavi ne kAvya meM varNita kiyA hai - mUr3ha hRdaya meM krodha jagA ke rassA bailoM kA hI loke "vIrAyaNa" : "kavi raghuvIra zaraNa", "divya darzana", sarga-11, pR.280 vahI, "pRthvI pIr3A"sarga-2, pR.64 2.

Page #207
192 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana prabhu khIMca calAyA tatkSaNa apane pana se hokara unmatta / *** lakar3I kA kIlA uThA eka donoM kAnoM meM Ara pAra patthara se Thoke calA gayA, karatA thA coTe bAra-bAra / 2 bhayAnakarasaH bhayAnaka rasa kA sthAyI bhAva bhaya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAr3he bAraha varSo taka satata sAdhanA kii| usI sAdhanA ke antargata asuroM ke dvArA bhayaMkara upasargo kA citraNa pAThakoM ke sAmane upasthita kiyA hai - socA bAlaka Dara jAyegA rupa virAT bhayAvaha ugra sAta tADa sama lambA hokara kI grIvA atizaya udgr||3 *** niSkarSa rupa meM maiM kaha sakatI hU~ ki mahAvIra saMbaMdhI sabhI kAvyoM meM zAMtarasa kI bahulatA hai| sarvatra pratikUla-anukUla upasargo meM zAMti, sAdhanA meM zAMti, rAjya meM zAMti, janma ke samaya zAMti, vairAgya dazA meM zAMti, kevalajJAna meM zAMti, samovazaraNa meM paraspara vaimanasyatA meM zAMti aura bhava nirveda meM zAMti / jisa samaya bhagavAna kA nirvANa hotA hai usa samaya gautama gaNadhara ko phUTa phUTakara rote hue dekhakara janatA ke diloM meM karUNA kA bhAva paidA hotA hai| kintu anta meM gautama gaNadharA kA bhagavAna ke prati jo aMza mAtra bhI rAga bhAva thA vaha samApta hone para unako kevalajJAna prApta hotA hai| yahI karUNa rasa phira bhAvoM ke anusAra zAMtarasa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra vibhinna prasaMgo meM zAMtarasa kA pUrNa vikAsa hai| __ "jaya mahAvIra" : "kavi mANasacanda", dazama sarga, pR.103 / / "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra'' : kavi yodheyajI, saptam sopAna, pR.274 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA" sarga-4, pR.54

Page #208
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 193 vAstava meM kaviyoM ne kAvya ke antargata karUNabhAva, dayAbhAva, kSamAbhAva, mAtA kA RjubhAva, rAjA kA vAtsalyabhAva, mahAvIra kA nirveda bhAva, upasarga kartAoM ke krUra bhAva aura caMdanA kA tyAga bhAvoM kA ajor3a citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| sacce rupa meM kaviyoM ne prabandhoM meM sabhI rasoM kA citraNa karake kAvya ko nikhArA hai| ***** atizaya varNana atizayaH ___ atizaya arthAt vizeSa camatkArika ghttnaaeN| prAyaH pratyeka mahApurUSa kA avatArI purUSa ke jIvana ke sAtha aisI ghaTanAe~ jur3I hotI haiM jo usake mahatva ko pragaTa karate haiM aura prabhAva meM vRddhi / jaina zAstroM meM, purANoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke aise hI atizayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaina dRSTi se ye atizaya cautIsa haiN| prAyaH sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke ye janma se nirvANa taka hote haiN| carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke ina atizayoM kA ina prabaMdha kAvyoMmeM bhI sabhI kaviyone vardhamAna mahAvIra kI zakti prabhAva Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| AgamoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkaroM ke cautIsa atizaya hote haiM janma se cAra, kevalajJAna ke bAda pandraha aura devakRta pandraha atizaya hote haiM / samayavAyAMga sUtra ke AdhAra para cautIsa atizaya nimnalikhita hai / janma jAta cAra atizayaH bhagavAna kA janma se zarIra svastha aura nirmala hotA hai| una kA rakta aura mAMsa gAya ke dUdha ke samAna hotA hai| zvAsocchavAsa kamala kI taraha sugaMdhita hotA hai| unakA AhAra aura nIhAra donoM pracchanna hote haiN| kevala jJAna ke bAda pandraha atizayaH yojana paryanta sunAI denevAlA hRdayasparzI svara hotA hai| ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM bhagavAna upadeza dete haiN| ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA upasthita Arya, anArya, dvipada, catuSpada, mRga, pazu, pakSI aura sarisRpoM kI bhASA meM pariNata hotI haiM tathA unheM hitakArI sukhakArI evaM kalyANakArI pratIta hotI hai| * * * * * * * samavAo suttaM, sampAdaka-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, cautIsavA~ samavAya sUtra,-1, pR.182

Page #209
194 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana pUrvabaddha vairavAle tathA deva, asura, nAga, suparNa, yakSa rAkSasa, kinnara, kiM purUSa garUDa, gandharva aura mahoraga arhanta ke pAsa prazAntacitta aura prazAnta manavAle hokara dharma sunate haiN| anyatIrthika prAvacAnika bhI pAsa meM Ane para bhagavAna ko vaMdana karate haiN| arhanta ke sammukha Akara anya tIrthika nirUttara ho jAte haiN| arhanta bhagavanta jahA~ jahA~ vihAra karate haiM vahA~ vahA~ paccIsa yojanameM Iti (dhAnya Adi kA upadrava hetu)nahIM hotA hai| plega Adi mahAmArI kA upadrava nahIM hotA hai| sva cakra (apanI senA kA viplava) nahIM hotA hai| paracakra (dUsare rAjya kI senA se honevAlA upadrava)nahIM hotA hai| ativRSTi nahIM hotii| anAvRSTi nahIM hotii| durbhikSa nahIM hotaa| pUrva utpanna autyapAtika vyAdhiyA~ zIghra hI upazAnta ho jAtI hai| mastaka ke kucha pIche mukuTa ke sthAna meM teja maMDala (bhAmaMDala)hotA hai| vaha andhakAra meM bhI dazoM dizAoM ko prabhAsita karatA hai| devakRta pandraha atizayaH una ke zira ke keza, dAr3hI, mUcha roma aura nakha avasthita rahate haiM... na bar3hate haiM na ghaTate haiN| unake Age-Age AkAza meM dharmacakra calatA hai| unake upara chatra rahatA hai| donoM aura zreSTha cAmara dulate hai| unako AkAza ke samAna svaccha sphaTika maNIkA banA huA pAdapIThavAlA siMhAsana hotA hai| unake Age AkAza meM hajAroM laghupatAkAoM se zobhita indradhvaja calatA * * * * * * * haiN| * jahA~ jahA~ bhagavAna Thaharate haiM yA baiThate haiM vahA~ vahA~ usI kSaNa patra, puSpa aura pallava se suzobhita chatra, dhvaja, ghaMTa, evaM patAkA sahita azokavRkSa utpanna hote haiN|

Page #210
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana * * * * * * * * pairoM ke nIce kA bhUmibhAga sama aura ramaNIya hotA hai / kaNTaka adhomukha ho jAte haiM / 2. amanojJa zabda, sparza rasa, rupa aura gaMdha na rahatI hai| manojJa zabda, sparza, rasa, rupa aura gandha kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| uparyukta Agama sUtra ke AdhAra para likhe gaye cauMtIsa atizayoM ke nAma kaviyoM apanI kRtiyoM meM suMdara DhaMga se citrita kiye haiM / unhoMne apanI lekhanI dvArA janma ke samaya ke vAtAvaraNa kA kevala jJAna ke pazcAt ke aura devoM dvArA kiye gaye atizayoM kA advitIya citraNa kiyA hai / "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" kAvya meM tIrthaMkara ke janma ke samaya ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa kA suMdara varNana kiyA hai - Rtue~ anukUla aura sukhadAyI ho jAtI hai zItala, sukhada aura sugaMdhitavAyu eka yojana pramANa bhUmikA cAroM ora se pramArjana karatI hai / megha dvArA raja kA upazAnta ho jAtA hai / jAnu pramANa devakRta puSpoM kI vRSTi evaM puSpoM ke DaMThaloM kA adhomukha hotA hai / barasane lagA sugandhita jala puSpa kI varSA thI avirala sugandhita zItala mandha bayAra cala par3I khola prakRti kA dvAra _1 *** vana upavana meM sajjita hokara Aye ramya RturAja / DAla DAla para nava kisalaya dala madhura phaloM kA suMdara sAja // kuhU kuhU karatI koyaliyA~, maJjhariyA~ kA kara rasapAna / vihaga nAcate bhramara gU~jate, gAte madhurima svagAta-gAna // 2 *** 195 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi chailabihArI gupta, sarga-1, pR.20 "" 'carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi vidyAcandrasUri, pada. 60, pR. 16

Page #211
196 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana cha: RtuoM ke phala phUla huye, bhara gaye jalAzaya AsapAsa / sAtoM narakoM meM kSaNa bharakoM sukha caina ho gayA anAyAsa // *** peDoM kI phunagI para cir3iyA gIta manohara gaatii| maliyAnila kI puravA-sI havA gaMdha le aatii| *** bhagavAna ke zarIra kA aMgopAMga svarNa ke samAna suzobhita thA, yaha pUrva janma kI bahuta bar3I vizeSatA thii| zarIra suDaula milanA yaha bhagavAna kA janmajAta atizaya kA hI zreya hai| kavi ne kAvya meM bhagavAna ke aMgopAMga ke saundarya kA manohara citraNa prastuta kiyA hai - pAdambuja the mRdula sumaMjula, manahara atizaya zobhAvAna / kaTi vakSasthala siMha sadRza au, bAhudaNDa meM zaurya mahAna // badana candra-sA sundara anupama, locana bhAla kapola lalAma vajra RSabhanArAca saMghayaNa, svarNa-deha zobhita abhirAma / 3 *** kaviyoM ne kAvyoM meM ATha prAtihArya aura cAra atizayoM kA varNana kiyA hai| ina guNoM kA eka ramaNIya vAtAvaraNa kA kAvya meM manohara varNana kiyA hai| tIsa cAra atizaya tIrthaMkara, aSTa samujjvala hai praatihaary| sveda hIna tana rakta dugdhatama, surabhita hote divya kArya / sahasASTa zubha lakSaNa hote, amitazakti yuga aura chvimaan| hitamita atipriya vacana sudhAsama, jaga subhikSakAraka-zuci jJAna / ' *** I ai rin "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.35 "jaya mahAvIra" : kavi mANakacanda, sarga-3, pR.42 "carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi vidyAcandrasUri, pada.66, pR.18 "bhagavAna mahAvIra' : kavi rAmakRSNa zarmA, sarga-1, pR.15 x

Page #212
197 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tIrthaMkara ke janma hetu zubha devoM ke kucha atizaya kaam| caturdizAyeM svaccha, svaccha nabha, vasudhA hotI harita sudhaa-n|| saurabhamaya mArUta zuci vasudhA, surabhi salila kA ati siNcn| patha kaMTaka prastara vihIna hI, sumanayukta nabha jaya guMjana // *** dharma cakra Age calatA hai tadgata dravya mAMgalika aSTa / aSTa subhaga prAtihArya virAje, taru azoka sphaTika puSTa / tIna chatra cAmara vAtAyita, divya prabhA maMDala pusstthaarth| guMjana dhvani ati divya, devatA barasAte zuci sumana nabhastha // 2 *** bAlyAvasthA meM vIra prabhu kI parIkSA hetu ISyAvaza saMgama deva ne sarpa kA rupa dhAraNa kiyaa| isa bhayaMkara sarpa ko dekhakara khelate hue sabhI bacce bhAga gaye, kintu nirbhaya vIra prabhu ne sarpa ke phaNa ko usI samaya hAtha meM pakar3akara yA paira se dabA liyaa| yaha bhagavAna ke bala kI hI mahimA hai| zAstroM kI bhASA meM yaha atizaya hI hai - phuphakAra mAratA mahAkAla ke svara meM nirbhaya prabhu ne, jA dabA liyA phaNa kara meM bana gaye eka kSaNa meM prabhu kuzala saperA phira lage khelane banA sarpa kA gherA -2 *** ataeva uttara kara ve usake, phaNa para nirbhaya AsIna huye| jananI kI zayyA sama usa para, krIDA karane meM lIna huye // *** I "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi rAmakRSNa zarmA, sarga-1, pR.15 or is vahIM in "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-2, pR.34 "paramajyotimahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-9, pR.248 x

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198 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hAthI ko parAsta karane kA citraNa : vaha zuNDa pakar3akara hI usa para, caDhane ve vIra kumAra lge| yaha dekha dUra se hI darzaka, karane unakI jayakAra lage // 1 dIkSA ke samaya ke julUsa kA citraNaH hue virAjita zivikA meM prabhu vardhamAna siddhArtha kumaar| rAja mArga para zobhA yAtrA nikalI hotI jyjykaar| indra dhvaja thA sabase Age, vAdya vRnda saMgIta mahAn azoka-upavana meM Ate hI utare zivikA se bhagavAna / 2 *** vIra prabhu ke vana meM Agamana se jar3a va cetana prakRti meM anukUla vAtAvaraNa ho jAnA yaha bhagavAna ke prabhAva kA hI phala hai| jaba ve dhyAnAvasthA meM khar3e the usa samaya viSadhara ne bhagavAna ke paira meM DaMka mArA to usa khUnake badalemeM dUdha kI dhArA nikalI, kyoMki bhagavAna ke eka eka paramANuM sneha se yukta the| usako hama bhagavAna kA atizaya yA vizeSatA hI kheNge| jahA~ DaMka mArA viSadhara ne, dUdha vahA~ se nikalA, prabhu ke aMgUThe se tatkSaNa, amRta thA vaha niklaa| usakA chIMTA par3A nAga para, vaha saceta ho jAyegA, usa kI kAyA se palabhara meM sArA viSa vaha niklaa| *** pahu~ce hI the nikaTa sarpa ke huA bhayAvaha aakrmk| daMzAghAta kiyA caraNoM para, dugdhadhAra nisRta bhuutk|| cakita caNDa kauzika thA, bhArI lagA dekhane prabhu kI or| usakI duHkhamaya pApAvasthA se bhagavAna the bhAva vibhora / ' . *** "paramajyotimahAvIra' : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-9, pR.255 "carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : AcArya vidyAcandrasUri, pR.21, pada saM.81 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-5, pR.211 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, sarga-11, pR.135 I arrin x 4.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 199 pA~ca mahIne paccIsa dina ke ugra tapasvI abhigrahadhArI muni bhagavAna mahAvIra vicaraNa karate karate tIna dina kI upavAsI caMdanA ke ghara AhAra ke lie pdhaare| caMdanA ne vidhivat zraddhApUrvaka AhAra diyA / usI kSaNa devatAoM ne ratnoM kI varSA kI isa atizaya kA kaviyoM ne ullekha kiyA hai| baja uThe vAdya tatkAla tabhI ratnoM kI varSA huI vhaaN| use seTha dhanAvaha ke ghara parasone kI varSA huI vhaaN| *** digambara matAnusAra utkRSTa abhigrahadhArI bhagavAna ko seThAnI ne diye hue miTTI ke pAtra meM kauMdoM bhAta (bAsI bhAta)caMdanA ne gocarI meM die| bhagavAna kI kRpA se miTTI kA pAtra svarNamaya bana gayA aura bAsI bhA~ta uttama khIra rupa meM parivartita ho gaI kauMdo DAle candanA, kauMdo banate khIra, mahimA hai bhagavAna kI, vIra bana gayA dhIra // 2 *** zarAva yA muNmaya hema ho gayA, kadanna pakavAnna huA turanta hI, yatIndra ne bhI upavAsa-pAraNA banI zubhA caMdana-tulya caMdanA / 3 ** * I ai rin x maTThA kauMdoM ekatrita kara rakhe jaba prabhu ne hAthoM meM, svAdiSTa khIra bana gaI tabhI uttama bAtoM bAtoM meN|' *** "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-7, pR.272 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, sarga-13, pR.318 "varddhamAna' : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga-15, pR.487 "trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.64

Page #215
200 - hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhagavAna ke pavitra caraNa-kamaloM ke AzIrvAda se mUlA seThAnI dvArA beDiyoM meM jakar3I huI caMdanA ke pairoM meM nUpura sonaiyA kI varSA hone lgii| yaha bhagavAna kA alaukika atizaya kA hI zreya hai - banI ber3iyA~ nUpura manohara, veNikA kA sundara sandhAna / huA seTha ko dravya dekhakara, mana-hI-mana Azcarya mhaan| kauzAmbI-nRpa bole Akara, isa dhana para merA adhikAra / huI devavANI, isa dhana para caMdanabAlA kA adhikAra / ' *** prabhu vana meM ekagra citta se dhyAna meM lIna the| eka gvAlA bhagavAna ke pAsa Akara bailoM kI dekhabhAla karane kA sauMpakara calA gyaa| vApisa lauTA aura baila na milane para dekhane gyaa| aMta meM thaka kara prabhu ke pAsa Anepara bailoM ko na dekhA, to krodha meM Akara dhyAnastha muni ke kAnoM me kIle ThokeM / prabhu ne asahya pIr3A ko zAMtipUrvaka sahana kiyaa| yaha bhagavAna kI samatA kI parAkASThA thii| sahana karane kA atyAdhika bala paidA karanA, yaha atizaya se milatA hai - prabhu se pUchA una gvAloM ne, vRSabha kahA ? para prabhu the mauna ! prabhu ko dekhA mauna, gvAla krudha hue bole-tUM kauna ? kAnoM meM Thoke phira prabhuke, kIle ghAtaka tIkSNa mahAna tripuSTha bhava kA udaya huA thA, sahA kaSTa vana zAMti nidhAna / *** dIkSA ke samaya kA prakRti ke anukUla vAtAvaraNaH vaha agarU dhUma thA phaila rahA uThakara Upara phailI sugandha jala milI vAyu usase Akara-3 : h "carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : zrI vidyAcandrasUrijI, pada saM. 148, pR.38 vahI, pada saM.152, pR.38 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-3, pR.122 h

Page #216
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dIkSA ke bAda kA vAtAvaraNa : 2. 3. 4. puSpoM kI varSA lage deva nabha se karane jaya ke ninAda se lage kevalajJAna ke samaya kA anukUla vAtAvaraNa : 1 sakala aMbara bharane *** dundubhiyoM ke svara meM guJjita antarikSa thA, madhura mRdulasvara phUTa rahe the dazoM dizAoM meM / raMga biraMga ratna, aura phUloM kI varSA, apsariyA~ karatI phiratI thIM dazoM dizAmeM / *** sphaTika maNi sama deha huI hI gae ghAtiyA~ karma nAza, mahatI thI manda sugandhavAyu cahu~ dizi meM phaila gaI suvAsa / zacI patikA Asana hilA, tabhI sura vAdya baja uThe anAyAsa taba indra avadhi se jAna gayA, prabhu antara meM phailA prakAza / 3 *** kevalajJAna ke pazcAt kaviyoM ne devakRta samavazaraNa ke atizaya kI mahimA adbhUta varNana kAvyoM meM prastuta kiyA hai phira racI madhya meM gaMdha kuTI jisa para siMhAsana ratnamayI, thA jisa para zatadala kamala eka jisakI zobhA na jAya kahI, usase bhI cAra aMgula upara Asana thI adhara prabhujI kA, sira para the tIna chatra maNimaya bhAmaMDala kI zobhAno kI, 4 *** " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra " : kavi guptajI, sarga-3, pR. 125 44 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna- 7, pR. 288 " trizalAnandana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR. 67 vahI, pR. 68 201

Page #217
202 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vipulAcala meM Agamana ke samaya kA kavi ne kAvya meM sajIva citraNa kiyA haivipulAcala pahu~cA samavazaraNa Sad Rtu prasUna saba saMga khile / lada gaye phaloM se vRkSa tathA, latikAoM ke mRdu aGga khile 11 *** samavazaraNa meM baiThe hue sabhI prANI vaimanasya bhAva ko tyAgakara samatA se baiThe hue the, yaha bhagavAna ke zarIra ke zuddha paramANuoM kA hI prabhAva thA prabhu ke zaraNAgata ye jIva, samatAmaya the sAre jIva / jIva-jIva ke bIca anaukhA, eka tAra thA baMdhA jIva / 2 *** 1. 2. 3. 4. A janma virodhI prANI bhI, vana sahacara lage viharane the mRga chaune siMhoM ke baccoMke bhI saMga lage vicarane the | 3 *** prabhu ke zira para the tIna chatra jina kI bhI suSamA nyArI thI / jo candra kAnti sI zubhra aura, bhavyo ko atizaya pyArI thI / 4 *** "paramajyotimahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, bIsavA~ sarga, pR. 516 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra": kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 7, pR. 292 "paramajyotimahAvIra": kavi sudhezajI, sarga - 20, pR. 516 vahI, pR. 525

Page #218
203 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana do yakSa jinezvara kI camaroM, se sevA karane meM rata the| mAno yo bArambAra camara, prabhu ke samakSa hote nata the| *** bhagavAna ardhamAgadhI bhASAA meM upadeza dete the| vizva ke samasta prANI apanI apanI bhASA meM samajha lete the - loka bhASA kA calatA daura mAgadhI bhASA kI citacaura bhAva bhASA the pUrNa sarala madhura nirmala jyoM gaMgAjala . *** le parikara prabhu Aye pulakita huA tabhI guNazIlodyAna / samavazaraNa kI anupama racanA, kI devoM ne dhara prabhu dhyaan| prAtihArya the aSTa suzobhita, madhya virAjita the bhgvaan| suranara aura tiryaMca sabhI the, karate vajanAmRta kA pAna / 3 *** bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya gozAlA ne gurU drohI banakara krodhAnigna se vazIbhUta hokara bhagavAna para tejolezyA chodd'ii| kintu bhagavAna kI alaukika zakti ke sAmane vaha tejolezyA bhagavAna ke cAroM ora pradakSiNA karatI huI lauTakara vApisa AyI kintu sAmane mahAvIra to zAMta rahe, tejolezyA una para kyA prabhAva krtii| tana ke cAroM aura ghUmakara lauTa calI, kevalajJAna ke jaise vaMdana krtii| *** Tai rin x "paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-20, pR.525 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-7, pR. 286 "carama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : zrImad vidyAcandrasUri ma. pada. saM. 210, pR.54 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-8, pR.335

Page #219
204 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana " tejolezyA lauTI tApasa ghabarAyA, usake bhItara Aga lagI, vaha tar3apa uThA / agni puJja usake hI bhItara samA gayA, eka bAra gozAlA phira se tar3apa uThA / 1 *** vAstava meM kaviyoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAkAvyoM ke antargata bhagavAna ke atizayoM ko subodha - sarala bhASA meM prastuta kara unhoM kI mahattA ko mUrtarupa diyA hai pAThakoM kI zraddhA ko dRr3ha kiyA hai| sacce rupameM ina kaviyoM ne ina kRtiyoM kI racanA karake sAhitya aura samAja kI mahatI sevA kI hai ***** 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 8, pR. 335

Page #220
caturtha adhyAya (1) kAvyameM bhASAkI mahattA (a) zabdazakti (ba) tatsama-tadbhava, desaja - videzI zabda (ka) citrAtmakatA yA sajIvatA (Da) muhAvareM - kahAvateM (i) kliSTatA - aprayukta zabdAvali (2) alaMkAra (3) chaMda

Page #221
206 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kAvyameM bhASA kI mahattA kAvyakA bhASA ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha hai| prAyaH sabhI prasaMgoM meM kAvyameM bhASA ke aneka tatva bhare par3e haiM-kahIM anusyUta rupameM kahIM samanvita rupameM, kahIM AnuSaMgika rupameM aura kahIM kAvya camatkAra ke upakAraka rupa meN| vastutaH svayaM kAvyakA zarIra hI bhASA hai-kAvya saundarya bhASA se ThIka usI prakAra alaga nahIM kara sakate jisa prakAra tvacA ke raMgako usase alaga nahIM kara sakate athavA puSpa ke raMgoko usa kI paMkhur3iyoM se alaga nahIM kara skte| vAstavameM yaha bhASA kA hI prasAda hai ki yaha saba loka-vyavahAra cala rahA hai, tathA yaha sampUrNa jagata zabda rupI jyoti ke binA andhakAramaya bana jAtA hai| vizuddha bhASA to kAmadhenu gAya hai, kintu azuddha bhASA prayoktAkI mUrkhatA kI dyotaka hai| kAvya meM atyalpa doSa bhI kAvya ko usa prakAra kurupa banA detA jisa prakAra suMdara zarIra ko kuSTha roga kA eka bhI dAga kurupa banA detA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate hai ki kAvyameM kAvyamayI bhASAkA vizeSa sthAna hai| (a) zabda-zaktiH kisI ukti meM zabda aura artha donoMkA honA anivArya hai| zabdavihIna artha aura artha hIna zabda kI kalpanA kI hI nahIM jA sktii| zabda aura artha eka dUsare se mile-jule rahate haiN| zabda aura artha ke isI sambandha ko zakti kahate haiN| zabda-zakti ke tIna bheda haiM- abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyNjnaa| abhidyAH zabdakI jisa zakti ke kAraNa kisI zabda kA (sAdhAraNa pracalita) mukhya yA saMketika artha samajhA jAtA hai use abhidhA zakti kahate haiN| lakSaNAH __ vAkyake antargata kisI zabda ke vAcyArtha kA bAdha hone para usIse sambaddha kintu bhinna arthAt anya artha kisI ruDhi yA vizeSa prayojana se liyA jAtA hai / vaha lakSaNA zakti kahI jAtI hai| kaviyoMne apane kAvyoM meM lakSaNAzakti ke vibhinna udAharaNa suMdara DhaMga se prastuta kiye haiM eka bAvalA hAthI kabase Udhama macA rahA thaa|

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207 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana nagara-janoM ko kucala-kucalakaracithar3e ur3A rahA thA *** kavine cithar3e ur3AnA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu usa kA cithar3e ur3AnA artha na hokara lakSaNA se usakA artha tahasa-nahasa karanA hai| trizalAnandana ke darzana ko dharaNendra cale devendra cale siddhArtha suvanake vandana ko, dharatI ambara meM dIpa jale: darzana ko jana sAgara umar3A, abhinandana ko Aloka cale A~sU gItoM meM badala gaye, jAne kaba kabake puNya phle|| *** kavine "dharatI ambara meM dIpa jale" vAkyakA prayoga kiyA hai, parantu vAstavameM dharatI ambarameM dIpa jalate nahIM hai, para isakA lakSaNA se nakSatroMkA jagamagAnA artha hotA hai| tIsarI paMktimeM "janasAgara ko umar3ane" kA kahA hai kintu lakSaNA se jana rupI sAgara darzana ke lie umar3A artha huaa| yahA~ bhI "A~sU ke gItoM meM badalane' kA kahA hai parantu isakA lakSaNA se artha bhagavAna ke janma se AnandakI lahara chA jaanaa| padake nakhase zIza-zikhA taka saba avayava the vshiibhuut| eka cetanA kA pravAha thA, jor3a rahA thA paMcabhUta // 3 / *** uparyukta prathama paMktikA lakSaNA se artha nikalegA paira se zikhA taka ke saba avayava vyavasthita the| DhaMkA kalaza sobhAgya cinha hai, dma sarovara yazakI khaan| sAgara kA garjana batalAhayuddha vIrakI yaha pahacAna / *** I airn x "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, dvitIya sopAna, pR.84 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "janma jyoti", sarga-4, pR.97 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "tapasyA", sarga-11, pR.129 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra", kavi yodheyajI,"svapnoM kA vizleSaNa"prathama sopAna, pR.65

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208 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana isa padameM "padma sarovara ko yaza kI khAna' kahA hai, parantu usakA artha yazakI khAna na hokara lakSaNA se isakA artha padma sarovara yazako denevAlA hotA hai| vyaMjanAH jisa zakti se abhipreta artha taka pahu~ca hotI hai, use vyaMjanA kahate haiN| vyaMjanA ke do bheda hote haiM-zAbdI aura ArthI / jahA~ vyaMgyArtha kisI vizeSa zabda ke prayoga para hI nirbhara rahatA hai vahA~ zAbdI vyaMjanA hotI hai arthAt usa zabda ke sthAna para usakA paryAya rakha dene se vyaMjanA nahIM raha jaatii| zAbdI vyaMjanA kevala anekAneka zabdoM meM hotI haiN| ArthI vyaMjanAH jahA~ vyaMjanA kisI zabda vizeSa para avalambita na ho arthAt usakA paryAya rakhane para bhI banI rahe, vahA~ ArthI vyaMjanA hotI hai| kaNa kaNa jalatA aura pighalatA, kAyA tila tila ciTaka rhii| aMga aMga jaise kaTate hoM, haDDI haDDI tir3aka rhii| *** kavine viraha kI agnike sAtha tulanA kI hai| aMga jo kaTa rahe haiM aura haDDI tir3aka rahI hai, donoM meM mukhyArtha bAdha huA aura lakSaNA se viraha vedanA artha milatA hai| aura usase tIvra viraha kI vedanA honA hI vyaMjanA hai| jananI muskAtI rahI, khile janma se phuul| prasava vedanA kA kahIM, cubhA na koI zUla / 2 *** isa pada meM mukhyArtha ke bAdha se lakSaNA huii| aura lakSaNA se cAroM aura AnaMda phailanA yaha rupa vyaMgyArtha abhivyakta hotA haiN| pratikSaNa daMza mArate raha raha sambhAvita viyogake vyAla | "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "vidA kI velA", sopAna-3, pR.126 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.96 2.

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209 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana lagatA hai-jaise prANoM meM, DhalatA ho pighalA prvaal| *** yahA~ viyoga ke byAlameM mukhyArtha kA bAdha hotA hai aura lakSaNA se viraha vedanA artha hotA hai| sA~pa Dasane se tIvra vedanA honAhI vyaMjanA hai| nirmala ambara sundara samIra, phailA basanta bana bAgoM meN| maMgala dhvaniyA~ manahara bAje, pakSI gAte saba rAgoM meN| nakSatra sabhI anukUla hue, zubha ghaDiyoM kI A gaI ghdd'ii| usa kSaNa kI pUjA karane ko, siddhiyA~ khar3I thI bar3I bdd'ii|| *** kavine isa pada meM siddhiyA~ khar3I thI bar3I bar3I kA prayoga kiyA hai, lekina siddhiyA~ kabhI khar3I nahIM rahatI hai, ata: vyaMjanA se isakA artha siddhiyA~ bhagavAna ke nikaTa Aneke lie taiyAra thii| ajagara bolA nija dA~toM meM, maiM jahara manujase lAtA huuN| dabane para kATA karatA hU~, bacatA hU~ aura bacAtA huuN| merA kATA baca bhI jAtA, bacatA na manuja ke kATe se| sajjanatA ko garvAndha duSTa, uttara detA hai cAMTe se // ** * ajagara manuSya se jahara lAtA hai aisA kavine kahA hai| isameM mukhyArtha bAdha huA, kyoMki manuSya ke pAsa jahara nahIM hotaa| kintu lakSaNA se artha huA ki durjana manuSya kA svabhAva viSailA hotA hai| jahara kA dUsarA artha huA durjana manuSyakA jaharIlA svabhAva / (ajagara manuSyase jahara lAtA hai isase, vyaMjanA phalIta huI ki durjana manuSya ajagara ke jahara se bhI jyAdA jaharIlA hai|) niHsaMdeha rupameM kaviyone kRtiyoM meM abhidhA, lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAvyoM kA kaviyone suMdara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| m 2. "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "vidAkI velA", sopAna-3, pR.126 "vIrAyaNa": kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti', sarga-4, pR.95 vahI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga-2, pR.63 h

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210 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana zabda prayogaH kAvya-bhASA meM kavi bhAvoM ke anurupa bhASA kA prayoga karatA hai / vaha pAtrAnukUla, yugAnurupa, bhAvoM evaM rasoke saMdarbha meM zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai / prAyaH paurANika va aitihAsika yA mahApurUSoM ke caritrAMkanameM adhikAMzata- tatsam zabdAvalI kA prayoga hotA hai| racanA hindI meM honese svAbhAvika tadbhava zabda prayukta hote rahate haiM, sAtha hI lokabolI ke bahu prayukta dezaja zabdoM kA prayoga bhI svAbhAvika rupase ho jAtA hai| aise zabda grAmyajIvana kI sugaMdha lie hote haiN| unameM AMcalikatAkA soMghApana hotA haiN| yugameM pracalita videzI zabda meM hamArI bolacAlakI bhASAmeM sahaja rupase prayukta hote haiM ve bhI A jAte haiN| maje kI bAta hai ki ina cAroM prakAra ke zabda prayoga meM kavi ko jAnabUjha kara koI prayAsa nahIM karanA pdd'taa| hA~.....pAtra, samaya, yuga Adi ke anurUpa zabda svayaM hI Ate rahate haiN| prastuta mahAvIra saMbaMdhI prabaMdhoM meM sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai jisameM tatsama va tadbhava kI pracuratA haiN| tatsama: ___ jo zabda mUla saMskRta bhASA kA ho aura kAlAntara meM pAlI, prAkRta ityAdi madhyayugakI bhASAoM meM, aura Age calakara arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM bhI binA koI dhvani parivartana prayukta hotA hai to vaha zabda tatsama kahA jAtA hai| nizeza nyochAvara Asya pai huA, pravAla-zobhA pada chU sukhI huii|' *** kavine isa pada meM eka se adhika tatsama zabda kA prayoga huA hai / jaise "Asya" aura "pravAla" tatsama zabda haiM / isakA kramAnusAra mukha aura mUMgA artha hotA hai| kavine tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga karake mahArAnI trizalA kA suMdara rupa-guNa varNana kAvyameM prastuta kiyA hai| navAMganA ke rasa-sikta citta-sA, banA rahA prAvRd indr-caapko| 2 *** 1. 2. "vardhamAna' : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga-1, pada saM.83, pR.56 vadhamAna kA vahI, sarga-2, pada saM. 24, pR.79

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 211 - " prAvRTa" tatsama zabda hai, usakA artha varSA Rtu / kavine ASAr3ha kI varSARtukA varNana kiyA hai| eka eka maNi, aisI dyutimaya, jar3I rahagI usameM prANa / nabha ke nakSatroM se bar3hakara, hogI jagamaga, jyotirmAna / 1 *** isa pada meM kavine "dyutimAna" aura " jyotimAna" zabdoM ke rAjA siddhArtha ke hRdaya para suzobhita hArakA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai| hAra gayA vaha sarpa antameM, palameM antardhAna huA / agale hI pala, dharatI parathAeka deva mriyamANa huaa| *** yahA~ "mriyamANa" zabda tatsama hai / usakA artha marA huA / deva sarpa rupa dhAraNakara bhagavAna kI parIkSAke lie AyA / parantu bhagavAnake balake sAmane deva parAjita huaa| usIkA varNana hai 1 2. 3. kucha kaho medinI sukha kitane ? duHkhoM ke kitane Avartana / isa patha para Ane jAne ke, dekhe kitane pratyAvartana // 3 *** kavine isa paMkti tatsama medinI zabdakA prayoga karake dharatI kI vedanA kA varNana kiyA hai| manuSya sarpa bana gayA manuSya zvAna ho gayA / manuSya giddha bana gayA dukhI jahAna ho gayA // (6 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 2, pR. 81 vahI, pR. 89 " vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga - 2, pR. 44

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212 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana manuSya bana gayA badhika vasundharI pukaartii| A~sUoM se AratI svadeza kI AratI // ' *** isa pada meM tatsama zabda "badhika" aura "vasundharA'' dvArA manuSya kI hInatA dikhAI hai| zacine lAkara zizu diyA indrako stvr| *** bhavana meM nRpake kiyA praveza udita ho nabha meM jyoM rAkeza / 3 *** khelate the mila sakhAgaNa sAtha hAthameM lekara kisIkA hAtha-4 *** bAlapana se hI unameM ye tIna jJAna suvicArI, jJAnI the divya divAkara mati-avadhi aura zrutadhArI-5 *** uparyuktapadoM meM kavine tatsama zabdarAkeza se rAjA kA, sakhA zabda se zaizavalIlA kA aura jJAnI kI divAkara zabda se tulanA karake kAvya meM bhAvoM ko suMdara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| isake alAvA bhI sthAna-sthAna para tatsama zabdoM kA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga huA hai| paridhAna, puSpesu, jigISu, yathaiva narendra, anekazaH, itastataH, niSAmuSe, saMprati, atIva, prasahya, nizA, ziziratu, rudantI, hasantI, bhavadIya, himartu, lauha, viSTara, nIyamAna, is in "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga-2, pR.63 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra', kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.14 vahI, pR.23 vahI, sarga-2, pR.36 vahI, sarga-2, pR.43 x i

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 213 caturviMzati, vijJa, zreyAMsa, yatnavAna, ekadA, caityAlaya, yauvana, ArUNa, zanaizvarA, cAturya, sokaumArya, zArada, mauktika, vaidurya, zaitya, gAmbhIrya, pAtheya, trailokya, vaikharI, naisargika, dhairya, saukhya, vaiSamya, vakSa nAsikA, utpala, garala, aMbudhi, nIlAmbara, sura, nabha-patha pAMta, moda Anata, AdRta, vasana, taru, jaTita, namana, ravi, tana, uSA, pAdapa, timira, sumana, bhAsvara, zuci, mahI aMka Adi / tadbhava : tadbhava arthAt tatsama zabdoM kA bolacAla kI bhASA meM parivartana / kavi ne tadbhava zabdoM dvArA prasaMgAnukula pAtroM ke bhAvoM ko vyakta kiyA hai| dharatI kI vedanA kA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai - dharatI bolI mata kaho vyathA, avatAra yahA~ rote dekhe / merI miTTI meM bar3e bar3e, rAjA rAnI sote dekhe // *** kavi ne kAvya meM svAbhAvika rupase tadbhava zabdoM kA prayoga karake kAvya kI sauMdaryatA ko bar3hAyA hai / trizalA ke rUpa sauMdarya kA varNana dekhie - ye sukomala caraNa jyoM jalajAta candra kiraNoM sI dhavala nakhapAMta *** isa pada meM kavi ne zveta nakhoM kI paMktiyoM ko bhava zabda candra kI kiraNoM ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| tadbhava zabda kaMkara, patthara zabda dvArA kavi ne bhagavAna ko DhU~Dhane kA varNana kiyA 2. kaMkara patthara vRkSa bela meM DhU~Dha rahA thA vaha bhagavAn *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga - 2, pR. 47 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra " : kavi guptajI, sarga - 1, pR. 10 "" 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 1, pR. 34

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214 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavine hAthI, dA~ta, aMga, kAna, A~kha Adi tadbhava zabdoM dvArA vividha prasaMgo ke bhAvoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| bAvalA hAthI kA varNanaH eka bAvalA hAthI kabase udhama macA rahA thA / *** kavine bhagavAna mahAvIra ke abhigraha kI kathA muhAvarA ke dvArA suMdara DhaMga se kAvya meM abhivyakta kI hai - unake abhigraha kI kathA suno tuma cakita khar3e raha jaaoge| saMkalpa jAna lo unakA to, dA~to meM jIbha dbaaoge| *** kavine bhagavAna kI samatA kI parAkASThA kA advitIya citraNa kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai kucha pala pIche A~kheM kholI, cupa cApa bar3he Age patha pr| kAnoM meM kIle dhase rahe, vaha dRSTi jamAe the patha pr| 3 *** bhagavAna kA gRhatyAga ke samaya mA~ kI mamatA kA citraNa dekhie - hiranI-sI vyAkula A~kha dekha prabhu ko roI "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-2, pR.84 vahI, sopAna-7, pR.263 vahI, pR.275

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai putra virAgI aura na mA~ roye koI - 1 *** mAtA trizalA zAdI kA prastAva rakhatI huI rAjakumAra vardhamAna ke sAmane apanI icchAoM ko suMdara DhaMga se vyakta kI hai - trizalA mAta ne kahA, putra ! kara byAha rAjasattA saMbhAla / merI AzAe~ pUrI kara, A~khoM ke tAre vIra lAla / *** kaviyoM ne isake atirikta anya tadbhava zabdoM kA kAvya meM nirvAha kiyA hai| geha, aseta, dhUvA~, kupatha, lau, bhA~ti, jItI, dharA, sRSTA, zvAsa, anajAna, pratipala, vihaga, rAha, sone, dizAe~, nava, dharatI, pUrita, vAsa, duHsaha, yatna, gAthA, kaThora, sahaja, Aja, neha sUraja, pala, ATha, caita, zrRMgAra, terasa, parimANa, mola, gAta Adi / dezaja : kavi kAvya kI racanA karate samaya svAbhAvika rupa se dezaja zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA haiM / unhone bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva dezakI paristhiti kA suMdara citraNa kAvya meM 1 kiyA hai - 1. 2. 3. 4. pApa puNya kA eka bavaNDara use ur3Ae phiratA thA, eka lur3hakatA patthara banakaralakSya hIna vaha rahatA thA / 3 *** maiM khodI gaI khaMtiyoM se, lohe ke yantra ne bhedA / 4 215 " tIrthaMkara mahAvIra", : kavi guptajI, sarga - 3, pR. 99 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "virakti", sarga -9, pR. 228 "4 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 1, pR. 35 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvIpIr3A" sarga-2, pR. 48

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216 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhUkhA haDDiyA~ cabAtA thA, hara galI nagara ghara meM maraghaTa oThoM ke lie tarasate the, jala bhare hue pyAse panaghaTa / *** aisA nikharA-ubharA yauvana vardhamAna kA, khuzabU-sI phailI nagarI meN| tatpara thI koI bhI tarUNI bhara lene kovaha sugandha mana kI gagarI meM *** uparyukta padoM meM bavaNDara, Dagamaga, patthara, gagarI Adi dezaja zabda haiN| vAtsalya citraNa meM bhI sahaja rupa se dezaja zabda kA prayoga huA hai - jhUlata chorA aura choriyA~ Ao pariyA~ zyAma goriyA~ mAtA gAtI madhura loriyA~ *** chorA, choriyA~, mAtA, goriyA~, loriyA~ Adi dezI zabdoM se kaviyoM ne vAtsalya ke bhAvoM ko ubhArA hai / sahejate, buhAratA, lasA huA, ur3elatA, lukA, khaTakhaTa, ubar3akhAbar3a, cabacabAkara nihArI, thaper3a, mur3avA diye, likhavAkara daboce, karavA do, bahAro, rijhAte, akar3A-akar3A, ghumar3akara, karavaTa, bayAra pisatI, chora, bayAsI, livAlAyA, DakarAtI, khIjha, jhulasa, lorI Adi dezI zabdoM kA prayoga kaviyoM ne kAvyoM meM viSayAnukula prastuta kiyA hai| videzI: bolacAla kI bhASA meM hama videzI zabda bolate haiM vaha bhI sahajatA se kAvya meM A gaye haiN| kavine bhagavAna ke janma se pUrva kI sthiti kA videzI zabdoM dvArA suMdara citraNa kiyA hai "vIrAyaNa", : kavi mitrajI, "tAlakumudinI', sarga-3, pR.73 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra'' kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-3, pR.93 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi zarmAjI "zaizavalIlA', sarga-4, pR.47

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217 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana durdAnta banA phiratA thA, apanI tAkAta ke mada meN| akar3A akar3A thA calatA abhimAna bharA vaha htthmeN| 1 "tAkata" videzI zabda hai| mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM kavine sahanazIlatA ke bAre meM udbodhana dete hue likhA hai ki - jo phUloM kI DAlI noce, usako phUla na badabU dete| vo unakI muTThI meM masale, ve usako bhI khuzabu dete| isa pada meM "badabU' aura khUzabU videzI zabda kA viSayAnusAra sahaja rupa se citraNa huA hai| yuddho kI jvAlA dhadhaka rahI, mana mana meM lapaTeM bahaka rhiiN| topoM TeMkoM ko patA nahIM, saratiAe~ kitanI dahaka rahI // 3 *** dharatI para manamAnI kI hai kaise kaise zetAnoM ne| RSiyoM muniyoM ko kaSTa diye, kaise kaise hevAnoM ne // 4 *** kavi ne topoM, TeMko, zaitAnoM aura haivAnoM videzI Adi zabdoM dvArA bhAvoM ke anukUla deza kI sthiti kA suMdara citrAMkana kiyA hai| nabha-patha se hokara calI liye jaba bAlaka jyoM divya jyoti ho nIlAmbara meM laka-daka 5 I or in n x "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-1, pR.43 vahI, sopAna-4, pR.133 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "puSpa pradIpa", sarga-1, pR.36 vahI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga-2, pR.44 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.14 s

Page #233
218 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi ne sumerU parvata para bhagavAna ko janmAbhiSeka ke lie le jAne kA sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| jo "lakadaka" zabda kA prayoga sahaja rupa meM huA hai vaha phArasI hai| kyA tuma meM rabakI tAkata hai, kyA tuma meM sabakI tAkata hai ? hara aura dikhAI tuma dete, vaktavya jhAr3ate Aphata hai|' *** phArasI raba aura Aphata tathA arabI tAkata zabda kA prayoga karate apane bhAvoM ko samAja ke sAmane suMdara DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA hai| raha~TU baTTA golI kNcaa| sITI phiTa-phiTa aura tmNcaa| *** isa pada meM kavi ne phiTa-phiTa aura tamaMcA zabda dvArA zaizavalIlA kA manohArI citraNa kiyA hai| uparyukta padoM meM phArasI, arabI aura turkI bhASA ke zabdoM kA prayoga svAbhAvika rupase huA hai isake alAvA bhI kAvyoM meM videzI zabdoM sthAna-sthAna para dekhane ko milatA hai| pArasIka, barabasa, kitAbI, imAna, saMlagna, insAna, takhta, tabAhI, jahAna, TaiMko aadi| citrAtmakatA yA sajIvatAH zabdacitra arthAt zabda dvArA aisA sajIva varNana karanA jisake amUrta bhI mUrta ho uTe / pAThaka ke sAmane eka citra-sA ubharane lge| yaha citrAtmakatA prastuta karane kI kSamatA kA AdhAra kavi kI kAvyazakti kA, bhASA ke zabda cayana va prayoga para AdhArita hotA hai| kavi inhIM zabda citroM se vividha rasoM kA pravAha pravAhita karatA hai| bhAvoM kA nirmANa karatA hai / mauna bhASA bhI mukharita ho uThatI hai| janmotsava kA zabda citra dekhie / carAcara meM prasannatA kI lahara dauDa gii| sabhI janmotsava manAne ke lie bAvale ho uThe - "vIrAyaNa", : kavi mitrajI, uddhAra, sarga-13, pR.322 "bhagavAna mahAvIra' : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA", sarga-4, pR.49 2.

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219 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana janma se pUrva kA vAtAvaraNaH taja zoka azoko ke taruvara, sumanAvali pAkara jhUma rhe| jhuka zaraNAgata latikAoke, mukha maNDala sahasA cUma rhe| janma ke samaya kA: merU zikharatai sohe paMta, paMcama sAgara ke paryanta / sakala surAsura taha taiM DhAhi, eka eka choDayo ddhighaatt| senI bAMdhI devana sabai, hathAhattha kalazA lai tabai so kSIrodadhi jala bhara lAya, janmAseka karA mana lAya // 2 *** puSpa barase te raMga biraMge gaMdho se surabhita AkAza dharatI para bhI phUla uThe, aravinda kunda pATala palAza *** baje nagADe-zaMka, anekoM, Dhola-jhAMjha au tAsA jhara-jhara jhare khuzI se locana rahA na koI pyaasaa|| vanagamana: bhagavAna ke vanagamana ke samaya prakRti kI jaise udAta ho gii| zraddhAse vizva bhI phUla varSA ne lage "paramajyotimahAvIra' : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-6, pR.184 "varddhamAna purANa' : kavi navalazAha, aSTam adhikAra, pada. saM. -44-45, pR.80 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "divya zakti avataraNa", sarga-3, pR.34 "jayamahAvIra' : kavi mANakacanda, sarga-4, pR.49

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220 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tatkAla sabhI ne bhAva sahita, nijabhAla saharSa, jhukAye the| ho namra viTapazAkhAone, zraddhA se phUla caDhAye the| sAdhanAvasthAH bhagavAna kI sAdhanAvasthA ke samaya prakRti ke cAroM aura zItalatA va zAMti vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa dekhie - usa nirjana vana meM ekAkIthe, phira bhI bhaya kA nAma na thaa| bahatA thA zIta pavana, phira bhI vicalita hotA pariNAma na thaa| dIkSotsavaH kavi ne dIkSA ke samaya kA sajIva citraNa kAvya meM ubhArA hai| puSpoM kI varSA ho rahI hai, pakSioM ke gIta kI maMgala dhvani sunAI de rahI hai| hRdaya ko sukha denevAle vAMjitroM kI madhura dhvani pU~jita ho rahI hai deva-yUtha ne gahI pAlakI, zraddhA sahita baDhe aage| sumana barasAte the nava nava vara, kaMja koSa meM alidala jaage|| vividha vihaMga gIta gA gAkara, maMgala dhvani guMjita krte| vAdyavRnda ke tumula ghoSa bhI, urameM abhinava sukha bhrte|| *** kevalajJAnotsavaH ___ indra-indrANI, devagaNa Adi ke dvArA bhagavAna kA kevalajJAnotsava kA zabda citra kaviyoM ne kAvyoM meM prastuta kiyA hai - kalpa loka anahada eva bhayau, ghaMTA zabda manohara tthyauN| hoya madhura dhvani ati gaMbhIra, manau sindhu yaha garjara nIra / / . *** "paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-13, pR.359 vahI, sarga-14, pR.366 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi zarmAjI, "sanyasta saMkalpa", sarga-10, pR.122 "vardhamAna purANa' : kavi navalazAha, ekAdaza adhikAra, pada saM. 13, pR.149

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221 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana mukha vikasata indIvara jAsA, tAla mRdaMga gIta rasa raas| ihi prakAra zobhita gajarAja, tApara indra liyai saba saaj| *** zacI sahita ati puNya upAya, bahu AbharaNa aMga prihaay| vardhamAna jina kevalajJAna, karana mahotsava calai mahAn // 1 *** ve dazoM dizA ke lokapAla anugAmI ye mahAvIra aba Aja unhIM ke svAmI surarAga sa~ga thI sAta sainya balazAlI senA padAti gaja ratha turaMga gati DhAlI- 2 samavazaraNa racanAH devoM dvArA samavazaraNa racanA kA dRzya tathA unake upara birAjita bhagavAna kA suMdara citra dekhie - samovazaraNa raciyo juapAra, ko budhavaMta lahai kahi paar| avasara pAya dharma mana dhyAna, kimapi likhauM AnaMda ura AnA / / koza aDhAI urdhva akAsa, pRthvI taiM jahaM lau prbhuvaas| indrAnIla maNimaya pIThikA, tIna loka kI upmaanikaa||2 *** nirvANotsavaH kavi ne devagaNa, indra-indrANI dvArA pAvApurI meM nirvANotsava kA manorama citraNa kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai| cAroM ora sugaMdha phailanA, puSpoM kA khilanA, jana-mAnasa, pazu-pakSI Adi meM AnaMda kI lahara uThanA Adi bhAvoM ke anukUla advitIya citra dekhie - "vardhamAna purANa" : kavi navalazAha, ekAdaza adhikAra, pada saM. 32-33, pR.150 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-5, pR.178 "vardhamAna purANa": kavi navalazAha, ekAdaza adhikAra, pada saM. 76-77, pR.153 3.

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222 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana aba ihi catura nikAyI deva, prabhu nirvANa jAna saba bhave / apane apane vAhana sAja, parijana juta Aye surarAja // *** saba vibhUti pUraba vrata jAna, gati nRtya, utsava ura aan| antima kalpANaka jinarAya, pAvApura pUjA krvaay|| *** maGgala kA maGgala aruNodaya, viha~sA, khaga lage cahakane ab| khila gaye kama auM diga diganta, saurabha se lage mahakane aba // *** yo lagA ki jaise gAte ho, prabhu kI garimA hI sarva vihg| au bhakti vibhora sarovara ho, bikharAte hoveM gandha subhaga // *** isa prakAra prabaMdho meM kaviyoM ne bhASA kI zakti, guNa, zabdacitra prastuta karake vAtAvaraNa ko aura bhI adhika hRdayasparzI banAyA hai| zabda zakti bhASA ko zakti pradAna karatI hai usakI bhAvagarimA baDhAtI hai / zabdacitra aisA vAtAvaraNa prastuta karate haiM ki hama vividha dRzyoM ko nihArane kA anubhava karate haiN| or r "vardhamAna purANa' : kavi navalazAha, solaha adhikAra, pada saM.227, pR.275 vahI, pada saM. 228, pR.275 "paramajyoti mahAvIra" kavi sudhezajI, "nirvANotsava', sarga-23, pR.590 vahI, pR.591 in

Page #238
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana muhAvareM - kahAvateM : muhAvareM aura kahAvateM bhASA ke ve aMga hai jo "gAgara meM sAgara" bhara dete haiM / thoDe meM bahuta kahane kI kalA isameM hotI haiN| ye muhAvareM lakSaNA aura vyaMjanA kA kArya karate haiM / bhASA kI garimA baDhatI haiN| vAstava meM ye lakSaNA-vyaMjanA ke adhika nikaTa hote haiM / prastuta prabaMdha kAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne muhAvareM, kahAvateM, dohe, sUktiyoM Adi kA vibhinna ghaTanAoM ke anukUla suMdara DhaMga se citraNa aMkita kiyA hai dAga para dAga laganA : garala ugalanA : khilakhilA uThanA : jo kusaMga meM phaMsa gayA, use Dasa gayA nAga / marA nahIM jindA nahIM, dAga dAga para dAga // 1 *** dAMto meM jIbha dabAnA : 1. 2. 3. phira AtA hai sarpiNI kAla, DasatA hai garala ugalatA hai| garvAndha duSTa rAjA banate, mada meM insAna uchalatA hai // 2 unake abhigraha kI kathA suno, tuma cakita khar3e raha jAoge / saMkalpa jAna lo unakA to, dAtoM meM jIbha dabAoge / 3 *** 223 rAta huI to ghara-ghara dIpaka koTi-koTi jagamagA uThe / "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "bAlotpala", sarga - 5, pR. 116 vahI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga-2, pR. 62 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "mahAvIrakA abhigraha" saptam adhikAra, pR. 263

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224 Aga babUlA honA : hRdaya meM phUlAnA : bijalI kI taraha kUdanA : haDDI haDDI tir3akanA : haule haule pA~va bar3hAnA : 2. 3. 4. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana raMga biraMge jagamagA karateratnadIpa khilakhilA uThe / ' 1 ve kabhI bhAgate idhara udhara, ve kabhI dauDate yahA~ vahA~ / jAtI thI yuga yuga kI nidhiyA~ bAlaka jAte the jahA~ jahA~ // bijalI kI taraha uchalate the, bijalI kI taraha kUdate the / cupake se eka dUsare ke, chipa chipakara nayana mU~date the / 3 *** ataeva huvA aba pahale sebhI baDhakara Aga babUlA thA / maiM abhI pachAr3e detA hU~. yaha soca hRdaya meM phUlA thA / / 2 *** kaNa kaNa jalatA aura pidhalatA kAyA tila tila ciTaka rhii| aMga aMga jaise kaTata hoM, haDDI, haDDI tir3aka rahI / 4 taruNAI ne, haule haule pA~va bar3hAe, simaTa rahA thA, zaizava caMcala 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "mAtA-pitA kI icchApUrti", tRtIya sopAna, pR. 104 "paramajyoti mahAvIra": kavi sudhezajI, sarga 9, pR. 254 " vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "bAlotpala", sarga - 5, pR. 125 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "vidAkI belA" sopAna - 3, pR. 126

Page #240
225 225 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana calA sUrya, ambara kI cauTI chUnepasara gayA AbhA kA aNcl|' *** rAjA bane phakIraH samaya bar3A balavAna hai, rAjA bane phakIra / nArAyaNaM vana vana phire, bhaTake pANDava vIra / / 2 *** aNu aNu meM ujiyAlA honA: jaise sUryodaya hote hI, tama kI vibhISikA phaTa jaatii| jaise puNyodaya hote hI, duHkhoM kI khAI phaTa jAtI // aise hI jaba vibhu AyegA, aNu aNumeM ujiyAlA hogaa| vaha vIrezvara vizvAsa rupa, jIvana dene vAlA hogaa||3 * ** jaharIlI nAginaH jaharIlI nAgina sI dAsI, bharI krodha meM puNkaarii| gozAle ko calI mArane, bhUla gaI sudha-budha saarii| *** sAdhu kA ghara kahIM na hotA ramatA jaise pAnI jA~ta-pA~ta majahaba kI kAlI gaharI rekha miTAnI -5 *** I a rin x "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "taruNAvasthA", sopAna-3. pR. 92 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga-2, pR.60 vahI, pR.66 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, saptam sopAna pR.244 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-3, pR.70 s

Page #241
226 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jo hai lAtoM deva bhUta ! bAtoM se nahIM mAnatA hai| *** "krodha pApa kA mUla hai", "kAgaja kI nA~va calanA', "bijalI kI taraha ur3anA', "pakkI syAhI, siMdura honA'', "sira para vraja lagAnA', "ghara kA aMdhakAra bhagAnA', "cAdara ko dAga laganA", "chichale pAnI meM nAva kA na calanA', "jala phUMka denA", "saMkaTa AnA", "mada meM uchalanA", "Dasa lenA", "jisane jitane boyA jotA", "dharma na denA", "jIvana ko saMgIta milanA", "uthala-puthala honA", "Aga pha~sakA, baira honA", "satsaMga ke raMga raMganA', "kadama-kadama para zUla honA", "jihvA para sarasvatI honA'', "bAra bAra phUMkAranA", sUktiyA~: sUktiyA~ vaise suvicAra yA upadezAtmaka vAkyAMza hI hote haiN| inameM jaise yuga ke anubhava kA nicor3a, mArgadarzana ke bhAva evaM uttama jJAna-caritra ke bhAva bhare hote haiN| ye adhikAMzataH nItivAkya hote haiN| ina prabaMdhoM meM inakA pracura mAtrA meM prayoga huA taraha taraha ke loga haiM, taraha taraha ke bhaav| chichale pAnI meM kabhI, nahIM tairatI nAva // 2 *** mitra reta para cina rahA, jIvana kI diivaar| 1. 2. "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pyAsa aura aMdherA', sarga-7, pR.187 vahI, "janma janma ke dIpa", sarga-6, pR.137

Page #242
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana baha jAtI hai bAr3ha meM, bar3I bar3I mInAra // *** 2. 3. 4. 5. vahI, 1 sArI duniyA svArtha kI, matalaba binA na mitra / pR. 179 upara ujjvala deha hai, andara syAha caritra // 2 *** sadA na yauvana rupa para, raunaka hai dina cAra / jise kAminI kaha rahe, vaha naMgI talavAra // 3 *** sIdhe ko sabhI satAte haiM, Ter3he se duniyA DaratI hai| *** yogI jaba bhogI bana jAte, jItahAra banatI hai / jaba bhArata mAtA rotI hai, bhUmi vIra janatI hai // 14 *** " vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "janma janma ke dIpa", sarga 6, pR. 147 vahI, pR. 147 vahI, pR. 153 vahI, " pyAsa aura aMdherA", sarga-7, pR. 173 khAnapAna saba zuddha ho, rakhanA zuddha caritra | 227

Page #243
228 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana yaha dharatI unase TikI, jinakA hRdaya pvitr||1 guNa hI mAnava ko mAnava se, unnatta zreSTha banAte haiN| apanepana ko vikasita karake, manuja deva bana jAte haiN| *** rakSaNa jaba bhakSaka bana jAte, patana ha~sA karatA hai| jisakA janma-mRtyu usakI, para satya nahIM maratA hai| *** nItipUraka dohe: upadezAtmaka nItiparaka doheM aise hai jo vyakti kI unnati kI ora agrasara hone kI preraNA dete haiN| ye adhikAMzataH ina prabandhoMmeM pracura mAtrAmeM dekhane ko milate haiN| sA~pana yadi kATe kabhI, baca sakatA hai praann| nAri yadi nAgina bane, kahIM nahIM hai traann|| *** hA~ya hA~ya saMsAra hai, kA~ya kA~ya sNsaar| yahA~ svArtha ke mitra saba, yahA~ kahA~ hai pyAra ?5 ** * or on x i "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "jJAnavANI', sarga-12, pR.310 "jayamahAvIra" : kavi mANakacanda, paMcamasarga, pu.50 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pyAsa aura aMdherA", sarga-7, pR.179 vahI, "virakti", sarga-9, pR.214 vahI

Page #244
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jaga meM nAcA bahuta mA~, nATaka kiye aneka | 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. mu~ha meM madhu mana meM jahara, mitra eka se eka // / 1 *** zAnti sudhA saMtoSa meM, asaMtoSa meM Aga / nikala rahe haiM biloM se, asaMtoSa ke Aga // 2 *** dosta na apanA eka bhI, pyAra pyAra meM vaira / - pR. 239 samaya par3A to ho gaye / sage sahodara gaira // 3 *** tRSNA jar3a hai pApa kI, AzA hai abhizApa | garva bar3A zaitAna hai, 4 DAha bar3A hai tApa || *** rAja mile jaga dhana mile, mile ratna kA koSa / sAre dhana bandhana bar3e, yadi na milA saMtoSa // *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "virakti", sarga 9, pR. 238 vahI, "bAlotpala", sarga-5, pR. 116 vahI, " virakti", sarga-9, pR. 214 vahI, vahI, "vanapatha", sarga - 10, pR. 261 229

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230 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana burA kisI kA mata karo, burA na bolo bola | burA suno dekho na tuma, 2. 3. 4. yahI jJAna kA mola // 1 *** nissaMdeha rUpa meM maiM kaha sakatI hU~ kI kaviyoM ne prabaMdha kAvyoM meM muhAvareM, kahAvateM, sUktiyA~ aura doheM ko viSayAnukUla racakara kAvya kI bhASA ko rocaka evaM sarvagrAhI banAI hai| 5. kalpavRkSa satsaMga | saMgati rakhanA sAdhu kI, abhimata phala dAtAra hai, satsaMgati ke raMga // 2 *** (I) prastuta mahAkAvyoM meM kahIM-kahIM para kliSTa aura aprayukta zabda bhI Aye hai, phira bhI kathApravAha akSuNNa rahA hai - na strazaM hote ripu-zastrI hI varana dukhI naroM ke dukha denya bhAgate / *** jinhe sadA utkaTa lAlasA rahI viloka leM vigraha kalpa vRkSakA / *** narendra bhU pai malayAdi-tulya the, mahArTa zAkhA-sama hasta meM lasI / 5 *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "jJAnavANI", sarga - 12, pR. 306 vahI, "bAlotpala", sarga - 5, pR. 116 " varddhamAna " : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga-1, pada. saM. 34, pR.43 vahI, pada. saM. 35, pR.43 vahI, pada.saM.45, pR.46

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231 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana Izvara pRthak nahIM hote haiM, ajJAnI hI lar3a jAte / maThAdhIza nija svArtha hetu hI, bheda batAkara ldd'vaate|' *** kara pada kaMjana ke gAbhA the, zuci rupa mUrtimaya AbhA the| 2 *** sadA sa-sthAvara rupa vizva meM, samasta prANI-gaNa rakSaNArthe jo| kiyA gayA pAlana indriyArtha ho, prasiddha hai saMyama aMga dharma kaa| ___ *** dakSiNa meM thA saudharma anya siMhAsana tAraka maNiyoM se jaTita-khacita maNi kAMcana // *** urjanA, bhacakra, jyotirjhakha, kalaMba, eNa, kamaMdha, tati, kalabiMga, varaNDa, vapra, vahina, cimi, kulAya, talpa, yamaNAkhya, rajaska, kedAra, kAkola, heti, jhaSajhAri, atyaMta, kakhagA, anagAra, grAva aura karpaTa Adi kliSTa zabda kAvyoM meM sarvatra dekhane ko milate hai| isa ke atirikta mahAvIra kAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne aprayukta zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA haiM jo hama ina zabdoM se anabhijJa haiM, aise kucha zabda ya haiM - pizaMga, tati, vapra, talpa, heti, kaSA, javI, baMjula, jatUka, kanInikA, pavitra kI, manyu, kaSA, grAva, lUtA, kakhagA, cuka, payAla, Anaddha, paugaMDa, sahA, basa, kedAra, akSayya, bhiyA, svairiNI, kRtAMta, bAra, zruti, anavadya, traseraNu, aMzu, suvAyikA, parimeya aadi| ***** 1. "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, sarga-1, pR.14 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI "divya zakti avataraNa", sarga-3, pR.35 "varddhamAna' : kavi anUpazarmA, pada. saM. 105, pR.465 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kaviguptajI, sarga-1, pR.16 /

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232 prabaMdha ke AdhAra para alaMkAra - darzana : pravartakoM ne alaMkAro ko kAvya kA mukhya tatva svIkAra kara ise kAvya kA zobhAdAyaka tatva maanaa| inhone batAyA ki jisa prakAra AbhUSaNoM ke binA koI ramaNI suzobhita nahIM ho sakatI usI prakAra alaMkAroM ke abhAva meM kAvya bhI zobhita nahIM ho sakatA / pravartakoM ne kahA hai ki suMdara kAvya kI racanA ke lie usakA doSa rahita evaM alaMkArayukta honA atyAvazyaka hai / prAcIna alaMkAravAdiyoM meM aMlakAro ke viSaya meM bar3A matabheda hai| phira bhI hama una matabhedoM meM na par3akara Adhunika hindI - kaviyoM ke AdhAra para racita bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya ke antargata vividha alaMkAro ko yahA~ prastuta karege / mahAkAvyoM ke anurupa vardhamAna kAvya meM varNana - sauMdarya, pada- lAlitya, arthagAmbhIrya, rasa-1 - nirjhara aura kAvya kauzala sabhI kucha hai| pada-pada para upamAoM, rupako kI manohAriNI lar3I piroI hai / trizalA - kalpa- vallarI hai - upamA: supuSpitA danta-prabhA prabhAva se nRpAlikA pallavitA supANi se| hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana yazodA kA viraha : kavine rAnI trizalA aura rAjA siddhArtha ke premAlApa kA suMdara citraNa khIMcA hai, jo bhAvoM ke anukUla upamA alaMkAra kA svAbhAvika sarjana huA haiaisI phUTI haMsI ki jaise girIse nirjhara phUTa par3e ho / bAhupAza meM jakar3a liyA jyoM kalpalatA surataru jakar3e ho / 2 *** 1. 2. sukezinI mecaka-bhRMga- yUtha se / analpa thI zobhita kalpa vallarI // 1 mahAvIra ke saMga yazodA, jyoM prANoM kI dhar3akana / ura se ura ekAnta huA thA, bichuDA kevala tana // "varddhamAna" : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga - 1, pada-59, pR.50 "bhagavAna mahAvIra " : kavi zarmAjI, sarga - 2, pR. 19

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233 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana sAgara meM jyoM saritA rahatI, bAdala meM jyoM rahatA jl| vINA meM dhvani zAzvata rahatI, kAlacakra meM rahatA pala // ' kavine kAvyameM rAnI trizalAdevI kI zAdI ke pazcAt viraha kA karUNa citraNa upamA alaMkAra se darzanIya bana par3A hai pitA phUTa kara aise roye, jaise sAvana bhaado| *** vAtsalyamayI mAtA trizalA rAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha rAja kumAra ko vairAgya ke prati inkAra karane kA tarka karatI hai usI kSaNa vardhamAna kumAra kA vahA~ padArpaNa honA usIkA citraNa kavine pada meM upamA alaMkAra se citrita kiyA hai itane meM AyA vIra vahA~, saba tithiyoM ke candA jaisaa| aisA aruNodaya huA mitra, phira kabhI na ravi dekhA vaisaa|| vaha AyA jaise jvAlA meM, sAvana barase bhAdoM brse| vaha prakaTa huA jaise koI, varadAna prakaTa ho zaMkara se // *** vidAI ke samaya nagara janoM kI karuNA aura AzIrvAda : jaise kamala sUrya se khilate, tuma se bhArata deza khile| *** kavi ne mahAvIra kAvya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dIkSA ke pazcAt indra, deva Adi zraddhA se stuti karate hai - tumane prANoM kI bela sudhA rasa meM boI mhb h "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha", sarga-15, pR.162 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "tAlakumudinI', sarga-3, pR.85 vahI, "virakti", sarga-9, pR.221 vahI, "vanapatha', sarga-10, pR.271 h h

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234 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana tumane sAMsArika bhoga chor3a ahi-phaNa samAna' *** mAlopamA dvArA kavine caMdanAjI ke rupa saundarya kA varNana kiyA hai netra the jaise khile kamala hema kiraNI se the caMcala kavi ne isa pada meM upamA, antyAnuprAza aura atizayokti alaMkAra dvArA bhAvoM ko suMdara bhara diyA hai sisikiyA~ huI eka kSaNa banda gIta ke rUka jAte jaba chanda nayana ke aise muktA koSa dharA para bikhare jaise osa *** kavine trizalAnaMdana mahAvIra kAvya meM upamA dvArA trizalA ke saundarya kA advitIya citraNa kiyA hai - mastaka ke keza bhaMvara se the dADima sI daMta paMkti sArI, the naina kuraMga samAna yugala kaTi thI kRSa keharI unahArI, the AMgopAMga suDaula upamA varaNI nahIM jAtI thI jinake darzana kara devI kyA svayaMmeva zacI zarmA zarmAtI thii| *** rupaka alaMkAraH kaviyoM ne kAvya meM rupakoM kA adbhUta citraNa citrita kiyA hai| trizalA ke varNana meM taraMginI (nadI)kA rupaka dekhie - "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-3, pR.130 vahI, sarga-4, pR.156 vahI, sarga-7, pR.310 "trizalA nandana mahAvIra" kavi hajArIlAla, pR.29

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235 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana saroja-sA vastra, su-netra mIna-se sivAra-se keza, sukaMTha kaMbu-sA uroja jyoM koka, sunAbhi bhoraM-sI taraMgitA thI trishlaa-trNginnii|| kavi ne kAvya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke alaukika prabhAva kA suMdara citraNa rupaka dvArA aMkita kiyA hai hiMsaka saba hiMsA vismRta kara, prema-sudhA se pUrita se| gale mile saba pratidvandI bhI, divya prema bala se jita se||2 * ** yazodA kA viraha varNana rupaka alaMkAra se kavi ne kAvya meM alaMkRta kiyA hai merI sA~sa sA~sa meM tuma ho, hara dhar3akana meM base huye| tana kI vINA praNayanAda meM, tAra tAra meM kase huye // 3 *** caMdanabAlA ke kezarAzI kI saundaryatA varNana kavi ne rupaka alaMkAra se kiyA imo keza gira rahe the jaba bhUpara, lagatA thA nAgina lhreN| zyAma cikuTa kI bhavya patAkA, rupa bhavana para jyoM phahare // 4 kavi ne rupaka dvArA janatA ko udbodhana diyA hai ki dharma kA taru jJAna kI rssii| tor3a do abhimAna kI rssii|| *** mitro ! mana kI bAr3ha se, bar3I na koI bAr3ha I arrin x "varddhamAna' : kavi anUpa zarmA, sarga-1, pada saM. 81, pR.55 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "divya preraNA", sarga-1, pR.16 vahI, "yazodA viraha", sarga-15, pR.163 vahI, "caMdanA uddhAra"sarga-12, pR.141 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "bAlotpala", sarga-5, pR.112 ;

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236 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana mA~jhI mana kI nAva kA, pAnI jaldI kaaddh'|| *** rAjA siddhArtha rAnI trizalA devI se apanI tulanA kI bAta karate hue kahate hai ki tuma candra mukhI, maiM chavi cakora / tuma sajala ghaTA, meM mugdha mora // 2 *** pati ke virakta ke bhAva jAnakara patnI yazodA apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karatI hai usI kA rupaka ke dvArA kavi ne kAvya meM darzanIya citraNa kiyA hai tuma gagana aura maiM dharatI hU~, barasoM to pyAsa bujhe merii| pyAsI pratIkSA meM baiThI, kyoM karate Ane meM derI ? 3 *** kavine eka pada meM caMdanabAlA kI keza rAzI kA varNana karate hue upamA, utprekSA aura rupaka ina tInoM kA saMgama anokhA bana par3A hai - caMdanabAlA kI jaMgho taka camakIlI kAlI keza-rAzI thI zyAma-ghaTA-sI phaila rahI, jyoM candravadana para meghraashii| *** yahA~ kavi ne rupaka, upamA Adi alaMkAra dvArA ahiMsA kI parAkASThA kA anupama citraNa kiyA hai - saMvega mahAgaja ati visAla balazAlI vaha sahaja hue ArUr3ha caDhe jyoM lAlI, "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pyAsa aura aMdherA", sarga-7, pR.171 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "zaizavalIlA', sarga-4, pR.44 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "virakti", sarga-9, pR.248 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "caMdanabAlA", sopAna-7, pR.269

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237 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana phira tapa kA lekara meM vizAla zara Asana re tIkSNa bANa bana gaye jJAna au darzana - 1 * ** utprekSA alaMkAra : kavine tIrthaMkara ke janma ke samaya kA vAtAvaraNa kA utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM dvArA anupama citraNa kAvya meM liyA hai - aisA lagatA hai jyoM nabha meM-sudhA pura bAdala chaaye| sUrya candra jo bichur3e kaba se Aja mile aura haraSAye / dharA navor3hA ne bhI mAnoM, nabha priya hita zrRMgAra kiyaa| zuSka adhara pyAse marate jo, unane chakara nIra piyA // 2 * ** pAdapa zAkha lagI laharAne, kisalaya mAnoM thiraka pdd'e| kokila kalarava guMjita dhara nabha, rajatasvarNa giri zikhara jdd'e| * ** rAnI trizalAdevI kA rupasaundarya : aMga-aMga abhirAma cAla meM haMsamacalate the mAnoM kalpavRkSa kI kalita latA para, zuka zAbaka palateM maano| kaMTha koTi kokila kaMThoM ko, mAnoM mauna sikhAtA thaa| mukha mayaMka kI maMjula chabi ko, nIrada aura dikhAtA thaa|' *** kavi ne sthAna sthAna para utprekSA alaMkAra ko bhAvoM ke anukUla rakhakara unakI chaTA darzanIya bana paDI hai| yahA~ dekhie rAjA siddhArtha ke ciMtana meM - "tIkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-5, pR.173 bhagavAna mahAvIra' : kavi zarmAjI, "divya preraNA", sarga-1. pR.16 vahI vahI, pR.18

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238 bAvalA hAthI kA citraNa : hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana eka divasa kI bAta kuMvara tarU tale zilA para the AsIna / nIla gagana meM netra Tike the, mAnoM RSi samAdhi meM lIna // 1 *** 2. 3. 4. cItkAra purajana kA sunakara vardhamAna uTha bhAge nandI cauke, asta-vyasta se jyoM sapane se jAge / 2 *** bhagavAna mahAvIra kI karuNA kavine utprekSA aura atizayokti alaMkAra dvArA citrita kI hai A~kho se karuNA thI jharatI barasAtI nadiyA~ ko bharatI marUdhara meM mAna sarovara-sI pala-pala meM ThaNDaka thI bharatI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI rupa varNana chaTA : jyoti thI mukha kI divya lalAmacandra para dhira Aye ghanazyAma * *** zyAma palakoM meM aMjana dekha lagA khIMcI ho kArI rekha- 5 *** 'bhagavAna mahAvIra " : kavi zarmAjI, "janmadhAma', sarga - 2, pR. 19 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "kizora avasthA", sopAna - 1, pR. 85 vahI, "mahAvIra kA abhigraha", -sopAna - 7, pR. 260 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-4, pR. 156 vahI

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239 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana upadezAmRtaH dharma kA dete prabhu Adeza tArakoM meM jaise rAkeza sudhAmaya jharatI thI vANI sakala jana-jana kI kalyANI -1 samovazaraNa kI racanA kA varNanaH cAroM diza mAnastaMbha cAra mAnI kA mAna ghaTAne ko, lagatA thA cAroM mukti dUta Ae haiM mukti dilAne ko, maNimayI koTa daravAjoM para hara ora dhvajA laharAtI thI, bana bAga, bApikA bIthoM meM hara ora bahAra dikhAtI thI, 2 *** trizalA kA saundarya : vaha mUrti mantroM se banI, vaha pUrti tIrthoM kI klaa| mAnoM karor3o puNya se, vaha rupa kA dIpaka jlaa||3 *** vanacArI kI bhakti va zraddhAH RturAja vasantI phUla lie, prabhu kI pUjA karane aayaa| mAnoM kesariyA bAne meM, RturAja vIra ke svara laayaa|' * ** ahalyA kA uddhAra pASAna pratimA ko jIvana kA diyA dAna mAnoM ahalyA kA uddhAra darzana thaa| *** T or is in "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-4, pR.156 "trizalA naMdana mahAvIra" : kavi hajArIlAla, pR.68 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "tAlakumudinI", sarga-3, pR.77 vahI, "divya darzana", sarga-11, pR.277 vahI, "ananta', sarga-14, pR.334 x ;

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240 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana atizayokti alaMkAraH ___ kavi ne kalpanA kI kalama calAkara rAnI trizalA ke sasurAla jAne para saMpUrNa jar3a-cetana prakRti meM karUNa vilApa kA atizayokti alaMkAra dvArA AbehUba citraNa aMkita kiyA hai - ghara kA patthara patthara royA, royI kyArI kyaarii| AzIrvAda diyA vRkSoM ne, khuza raha beTI pyaarii|| *** sakhiyoM ke svara meM: AMgana tajakara calI caaNdnii| 2 *** vIra bAlaka kA rupa varNana - zizu dhIre dhIre muskAyA, bijalI khila gaI cA~danI pr| candA meM jyotsanA simaTa gaI, bhara gaye jyoti se ghara // 3 ** * yazodA kA virahaH gaMgA banakara yamunA bnkr| ardhya car3hAtI hai aaNkhe| vardhamAna Age baDhate haiM, dIpa jalAtI haiM aaNkhe||4 vana meM svAgata: vana nAgoM meM pagoM meM maNiyA~ dharI utAra I air mix "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "tAlakumudinI" sarga-3, pR.86 vahI, sarga-3, pR.85 / vahI, "janma jyoti", sarga-4, pR.107 vahI, "vanapatha' sarga-10, pR.271

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana nabha nadiyoM ne pagoM meM, laDiyA~ dharI utAra 1 *** caraNa pakar3akara svAmI ke vaha sisaka rahI thI, motI kI laDiyA~ nayanoM se barasa rahI thI | 2 *** 2. 3. 4. nayana ke aise muktA koSa dharA para bikhare jaise osa *** pRthvI pIr3A sarga meM kavi ne pRthvI kI vyathA ko atizayokti alaMkAra dvArA apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti suMdara DhaMga se kI hai, - 5. pRthvI kI pIr3A ko kavi ne, kavitAoM se dhairya diyA / 4 phUloM para gire A~sUoM ko, kucha kiraNoM ne pahacAna liyA // *** svabhAvokti alaMkAra : bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya meM vIra kI bAla prakRti kA svabhAvokti alaMkAra dvArA kavi svAbhAvika varNana kiyA hai - bAlaka, saumya, acaJcala, zAMta sindhu-sA tarala aura gambhIra / nirantara mA~ ko rahA nihAra rahI ho jo udvana adhIra " 5 *** "" "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "divyadarzana" sarga - 11, pR. 274 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-8, pR. 326 vahI, sopAna - 7, pR. 310 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pRthvI pIr3A", sarga - 2, pR. 67 241 46 'zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" kavi yodheyajI, sopAna - 7, pR. 264

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242 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana A~khoM meM jisake ho A~su, baiThI-baiThI vaha rotI ho| kucha bIca-bIca meM ha~sa bhI de, phira uphana uphana kara rotI ho| rAjA kA ciMtanaH pakSI-pakSiNa-mora-moranI, phala kapota ke nava jodd'e| sarasa prema meM magna sabhI para, rAjapurUSa the mukha modd'e| *** saMdeha alaMkAraH rAnI trizalA kI kezarAnI kI saundaryatA kA varNana kavi zarmAjI ne kiyA hai - kaisI thI vaha cikura rAzi yA badalI umaga thI sAvana kii| nIlajhIla sI A~kha thI yA do paMkhurI paMkaja pAvana kii| *** rAjAsiddhArtha kA ciMtanaH urddha gagana meM dRSTi ki jaise, koI unheM bulAtA ho| yA ki teja kA aMza svarga se, dharatI para AtA ho|' *** yazodA kA saundarya : cikura rAzI thI yA sAvana kI nIra bhara ghanazyAma ghaTA thii| ratnarAji se sajjita veNI thI yA nabha saMri zubhra chaTA thii| vaha lalATa yA premI urakA carama sAdhanA kA utkarSa / bhrakuTivakratA maghavA dhanukA ghoSita karatI thI apakarSa // 5 *** I air in x "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-2, pR.77 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "janmadhAma", sarga-2, pR.19 vahI, pR.18 vahI vahI, "pariNayasUtra", sarga-6, pR.76 ;

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243 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi ne kAvya meM bhagavAna ke jAte samaya mArga meM khar3I huI yazodA kA manohAriNI adbhUta citraNa kAvya meM citrita kiyA hai, jo unako dekhakara saMdeha honA svAbhAvika hai khar3I yazodA rAha meM, yA bijalI kI mUrti yA patha meM sahasA prakaTa, hara abhAva kI pUrti // *** bhagavAna mahAvIra vana meM prasthAna karate samaya unakA alaukita rupa-saundarya dekhakara vana ke prANiyoM ke mastiSka meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA saMdeha honA, usI kA sajIva varNana kavi ne kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai - RturAja hai yA tAja hai, RturAja hai yA sAja hai| RturAja adbhUta rAja sukha, Rtupati prakRti kA rAja hai| ___ *** svarNima vasantI phUla hai, yA bhUmi para utAre uge ye rupa ke zizu khilate yA khagoM ne motI cuge ? *** jevara lar3I nidhiyA~ par3I, yA siddhiyoM kI bhakti haiN| upalabdhiyA~ bikharI par3I, yA nau rasoM kI zakti hai| ___ *** "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "vanapatha', sarga-10, pR.255 vahI, "divyadarzana", sarga-11, pR.277 vahI vahI, pR.278

Page #259
244 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana . kaviyoM ne kAvya ke antargata vyatireka, anuprAza, dRSTAnta, udAharaNa Adi alaMkAro kA svAbhAvika citraNa karake kAvya ke bhAvoM ko jAgRta kiyA haivyatireka: eka eka maNi aisI dyutimaya jar3I rahegI usa meM praann| nabha ke nakSatroM se bar3hakarahogI jagamaga jyortimAna / ' __ *** usa rupa ne usa mUrti ne tama ko parAjita kara diyaa| usa pUrti ne usa mUrti ne saMsAra dhana se bhara diyaa| anuprAsa: tar3Aga the, svaccha taDAga hoM yathA, saroja the, phUlla saroja hoM ythaa| zazAMka thA, maMju zazAMka ho ythaa| prasannatA pUrva zaratvabhAva thaa||3 *** antyAnuprAza: pIr3A casaka rahI hai| krIDA kasaka rahI hai| *** dRSTAnta alaMkAraH bhItara kI ananta sattA ko bhUla gayA yaha jIva ajaan| "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, "bAla-lIlA' sopAna-2, pR.81 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "tAlakumudinI' sarga-3, pR.77 "varddhamAna" : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga-5, zlo.4, pR.140 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, sarga-8, pR.202

Page #260
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhItara bharI sugandha usI ke - vana meM khoje mRga nAdAna / ** * nava-samAja kA prabhune gaThana kiyA thA aise, zilpakAra pratimA ko karatA nirmita jaise| *** para aba seTha dhanAU, nizcaya kara baiThe the, bina bole hI cale, moha mAyA ko tjkr| jaise koI vIra sipAhI, yuddha bhUmi meM, cala par3atA hai, zatru-vijaya karane ko sajakara / 3 *** tana UMcA nIcA hRdaya, jaise UMcA tAr3a, saba bAr3hoM se vikaTa hai, pApI mana kI, baaddh'|| *** par3e piMjare meM duHkhI, tana kI kaida ktthor| kaida chor3a jAge nahIM, A A lauTe bhora // 5 *** ar sin xi "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, sopAna-7, pR.296 vahI, sopAna-8, pR.327 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "pyAsa aura aMdherA' sarga-7, pR.171 vahI vahI, "vanapatha' sarga-10, pR.252

Page #261
246 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana binA vRkSa ke baila abhAgina, aisI hI sthiti merI, jaise salila binA saritA ho, zuSka reta samaya hai cerI hai|' ** * udAharaNa alaMkAraH piMjar3e meM ho baMda pakSiNI, vyathA nahIM kaha pAtI hai| cupa cupa rotI hai urameM hI, binA tela ke jyoM bAtI hai / ** * candramA se jyoM sudhAkara strAva tairatI ho jyoM lahara para nAva kAna se sunakara ki vcnaamRt| huA gautama kA saphala vaha vrata -3 *** vAstava meM mahAkAvyoM meM aneka alaMkAroM kA atyanta kAvyocita prayoga huA hai| paramparAgata alaMkAra kauzala ke atirikta kavivaroM ne kAvyoM meM apanI bhAvamayI kalpanA se suSamA ke aneka naye sumana upajAye haiN| kahIM-kahIM zabdoM kI kalpanA meM artha aura mRdutA kA itanA vistAra bharA hai ki paribhASAe~ aura kalpanAe~ kAvyamaya ho gaI prabandhoM meM chanda darzana prastuta bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAkAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne chandoM kA suMdara DhaMga se nirupaNa kiyA hai| unhone kAvyoM meM varNika aura mAtrika donoM hI prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavi anUpa zarmA kRta "vardhamAna kAvya' saMpUrNa "vaMzastha" chanda meM varNita hai| kahIM-kahIM mAlinI, drutavilambita aura zArdUlavikrIDita chanda kA bhI nirvAha huA hai| kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vividha ghaTanAoM kA citraNa "vaMzastha" chanda meM prastuta kiyA hai| trizalA ke rupa saundarya kA manohAri citraNa kavi ne kAvya meM khIMcA hai| "vaMzastha' chanda meM jagaNa, tagaNa, jagana aura ragaNa-isa prakAra pratyeka 12 vargoM kA hotA hai - "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, "yazodA viraha" : sarga-15, pR.164 2. vahI 3. "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" kavi guptajI, sarga-6, pR.272

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 247 vaMzastha : su-AnanA sundara-candra kAnta-sI sukezinI nIla zikhA-samAna thI, su-pAda se ArUNa padma-rAga-sI su-zobhitA ratnamayI subhIru thii| *** vilokatI maMju mRgI-samAna hI banI marAlI sama cala-yukta sI, sadA pikI-sI kala kUjatI huI, niveza ko thI racatI araNya-sIra . *** kavine rAjA siddhArtha ke yaza gAthA kA "vaMzastha' chanda meM suMdara varNana kiyA tic yahI yazasvI harivaMza vyoma ke, dineza siddhArtha pradiptamAna the, prasiddha ve bhUpati sArvabhauma the, satoguNI the, jina-dharma-dUta the| *** trizalAdevI ko rAtri meM Aye hue svapna ke pazcAt prabhAta kAlIna vAtAvaraNa kA citraNa vaMzastha chanda meM dekhie - vihaMga aise bahu modameM sane prabhAta meM pUrNa prasanna jyoM huye, samIra bhI aMbara kI malInatA, buhAratA thA jala sIMca oskaa|| *** Tai rin "varddhamAna" : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga-1, zlo. 55, pR.49 vahI, zlo. 62, pR.50 vahI, zlo.28, pR.42 vahI,sarga-4., zlo. 3, pR.117 x

Page #263
248 2. 3. 4. bAlaka kI zobhA kA varNana dekhie - hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavIra kI karUNA : vahI, sarga - 1 apUrva thA bAlaka gaura raMga kA, kapola donoM RturAja - puSpa-se lase khilaune karameM suvarNa ke, ajastra - saMcAlita pAda-yugma the / 1 *** kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pratikUla- anukUla upasargoM meM bhI mana kI samAdhi kA " vaMzastha " chanda meM sAkSAt citraNa kAvya meM citrita kiyA hai / tuSAra varSA-maya-zIta-kAla meM, sva- dhyAna - uSmA - maya-yoga-magna the, davAgni- varSA-maya-gra - grISma-kAla meM sva-jJAna- zaityAzraya-bhoga-lagna the / 4 - 15, sakhe ! viloke vaha dUra sAmane pracaMDa dAvA jalatA araNya meM calo, vahA~ ke khaga-jIva jantu ko sahAyatA deM yadi ho sake, abhI / *** manuSya, pakSI, kRmi, jIva, jantu kI, sadaiva rakSA karanA svadharma hai, ataH calo kAnana meM viloka leM ki kauna-sI vyAdhi pravarddhamAna hai / 3 "varddhamAna" : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga-8, zlo. 67, pR. 245 vahI, sarga 9, zlo. 17, pR. 261 vahI, zlo. 19, pR. 261 *** zlo. 75, pR. 457

Page #264
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 249 mAlinI : kavine janma se pUrva vArtAlApa kA citraNa mAlinI chanda meM kAvya meM varNita kiyA hai / usameM do nagaNa, magaNa, aura do yagaNa isa prakAra pratyeka caraNa pandraha varNoMkA hotA hai - 1 jaya rati-pati ! terI ho, tujhe sarvadA hI kulagurU abalAe~ mAnatI ke liye hai, para aba jisa prANI ko sakhe ! janma degA, vaha vijita tujhe bhUmI meM A karegA / *** drutavilambita: vIra prabhu kA janma ke samaya kI chavi kA drutavilambita chanda meM kavine kAvya meM citraNa aMkita kiyA hai| usameM nagaNa, do bhagaNa aura ragaNa isa prakAra pratyeka caraNa meM 12 hote haiM - 1. 2. 3. tanaya ho avatIrNa huI, aho / zubha - videha dharAdhipa-dhAma meN| *** kavine bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM udbodhana dete hue zArdUlavikrIDita chanda kA suMdara prayoga kAvya meM kiyA hai| yaha chanda meM magaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, aura guru isa prakAra pratyeka caraNa meM 19 varNa hote haiM - do tagaNa hRdaya kI prati-mUrti bahirgata / bhavana kI suSamA chavi Iza kI, isa meM bArahaveM varNa para yati hotI hai| - bhavyoM ! yaha medinI zivira - sI jAnA paDegA kabhI; Age kA patha jJAta hai na, isase sadbuddhi Aye na kyoM / le lo sAdhana dharma ke, na tuma ko vyApe vyathA anyathA, hai jainendra- padAravinda-taraNI saMsAra pAthodhi kI / 3 *** "varddhamAna" : kavi anUpazarmA, sarga - 1 pada saM. 140, pR. 70 vahI, sarga - 8 pada saM. 97, pR. 253 vahI, pada saM. 243, sarga - 17, pR. 585

Page #265
250 dohA : isa chanda ke pahale aura tIsare caraNoM meM 13 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM tathA dUsare aura cothe caraNoM meM 11 maatraaeN| isa prakAra pratyeka dala meM 24 mAtrAe~ rahatI haiN| sama (dUsarecauthe) caraNoM ke anta meM guru - laghu rahanA cAhie / najara na laga jAye kahIM, tilaka lagA de zyAma / mu~ha para merI putaliyA~ sadA zyAma sukhadhAma // ' *** 2. 3. 4. 5. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 6. eka sahasa vasu adhika je, lakSaNa jinavara deha / pRthak pRthak kachu varanaU~, Agama artha saneha // *** darazanakara surarAja ima, sanmati sArthaka nAma / karma nikandana vIra hai, vardhamAna guNadhAma // 3 *** aba suna kSetra Rdvi ko, varanau zAkhA doya / prathama adhinna mahAnasI, kSetra mahAlaya hoya / 4 *** caityAlaya utkRSTa juta, madhyaloka paramAna / causaya aTThAvana pramiti, vyatara adhika bakhAna // 5 *** prathama saudharma indra ke hAtha, kalaza daye de vana saba sAtha / eka sahasa vasu bhujA karAya, sakala kalaza DhArai harSAya // *** " vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga - 4, pa . 19 "varddhamAna" : kavi navalazAha, navam adhikAra, pada saM. 15, pR. 87 vahI, aSTam adhikAra, pada saM. 81, pR. 82 vahI, dazam adhikAra, pada saM. 241, pR.129 " varddhamAna purANa" : navama adhikAra, pada naM. 233, pR. 98 vahI, aSTam adhikAra, zlo. 46, pR. 80

Page #266
hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 251 chappaya: chappaya meM kula chaha caraNa hote haiN| unameM pahale cAra rolA ke 24-24 mAtrAoM ke (11-13 kI yatise) aura antima do ullAla ke 28-28 (15-13 para yati se) mAtrAoM yA 26-26 (13-13 parayati se) mAtrAoM bhI hotI haiN| jA pUrava avatAramAsa, SaTa tai nava lauM vara, barase ratna amola, subhaga chavivanta pitA ghara / dekhasu atizaya rupa, hemagiri karayaunvahena sura, nRpatibhayau nahiM soI, kie taba sahasa akSa ur| varddhamAna zriyavarddha ati, mAna kIrti jagameM sahI, mAna varddha hiradai nahIM, suvardvamAna vAsava khii|' * ** kavi kI laghutA kA varNanaH sArasvata nahi paThyau, kAvya piMgala nahi sikhyau| taraka chanda vyAkaraNa, amarakoSa hi nahi dikhyau / alpavRddhi thira nAMhi, bhaktivaza bhAva baDhAyau drv| jina mata ke anusAra, grantha ko pAla lgyau| buddhivanta sajjana vinaya, hAsya bhAva mata koI kro| tukahIna chanda jo amila jau, to to vicAra akSaroM dhrauN||2 *** soraThAH soraThA ke viSama (pahale-tIsare) caraNoM meM 11 aura sama (dUsare cauthe) caraNoM meM 13 arthAt pratyeka dala meM 24 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM isake pahale-tIsare caraNoM meM tuka milatI hai| kiMcita tapa nahiM kIna, dAna supAtrai na diyau| jina pUjA kara hIna, azubha karma potai parai / / 3 "varddhamAna purANa' : kavi navalazAha, prathama adhikAra, zlo.4, pR.1 vahI, SoDaza adhikAra, pR.283 vahI, tRtIya adhikAra, pada saM. 151, pR.28

Page #267
252 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana sarasoM sama havai pApa mithyA, meru samAna dukh| prANa anta budha Apa, aisI jAna na kIjiye // *** rolA: isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM 11 aura 13 ke virAma se 24 mAtrAe~ hotI hai| mahAvIra kAvya meM kavine rolA chanda kA sundara prastutIkaraNa kiyA hai sonA-cA~dI, ratna-dhAna-dhana atula sampadA, de DAlI, nija hAthoM se bhUkhe naMgoM kaa| aura vizva ke lie trANa kI rAha khojane, cale tapAne, dahakAne, apane aMgoM ko| 2 *** sAra : (lalitapada) isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM 16-2 para yati se 28 mAtrAe~ hotI hai, jaise kavi ne "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" kAvya meM isa lalitapada chaMda ko suMdara DhaMga se sa~joyA hai - gA~voM kI sImA se bahara, ekA per3a ke nIce, padmAsana meM the baiThe prabhu, apanA dhyAna lgaae| pratipala unakI zuddha cetanA, bhItara jhAMka rahI thI, rahe nAka ke agra bhAga para, apanI dRSTi jmaae| 3 *** tribhaMgI: isa chaMda ke pratyeka caraNa meM, 10, 8, 8, aura 6 ke virAma se 32 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| anta meM gurU honA cAhie, evaM jagaNa varjita hai surapati ne mAlA pahanAI, phira kahA~ vIra ! jaya ho jaya ho| jvAlA jisake tana para jala hai, tuma vaha jaya ho tuma vaha laya ho / "varddhamAna purANa' : kavi navalazAha, dvitIya adhikAra, pada saM.132, pR.16 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodhejayI, SaSTam sopAna, pR.223 vahI, paMcam sopAna, pR.190

Page #268
253 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jala tuma ko galA na pAyegA, tuma bhrAtA ho tuma trAtA ho| tuma pitA bhuvana bhara ke dAtA, tuma hara anAtha kI mAtA ho / ' *** kaMcanamaya jhArI ratanani jArI, kSIra samudra jala sukha bhariyaM zItala himakAraM pUjita sAraM DhArata anupama dhAra trayaM pUjata surarAjaM harSa samAjaM, jinavara caraNaM kamala juma jaga duHkha nivAraM saba sukha kAraM, dAyaka so zivasukha paramaM // *** durguNa se durguNa bar3hatA hai, bar3hA baDI kI hor3a pnptii| agni puMja idhana se tyoM, Aga adhika se adhika bhdd'ktii|| viSa ke bANa viSaile aMkura, phira paudhA pAdapa bana jaataa| mAyA ke phande baMdha jAte, jIva, jIva kA ari bana jAtA // 3 *** caupAI : 16 mAtrA kI isa caupAI chanda meM cAra caraNoM kA samAna tuka aura antima do gurU varNa yA eka gurU hone caahie| yaha merA terA suta trizalA, zizu para nyauchAvara ho bolii| rasa aura dUdha se bhIga gaI donoM mAtAoM kI colI // 4 "vIrAyaNa' : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti" sarga-4, pR.99 "varddhamAna purANa'' : kavi navalazAha, ekAdaza adhikAra, pada saM.199, pR.160 "bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi zarmAjI, trayodaza sarga, pR.188 "vIrAyaNa" kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.100

Page #269
254 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana maiM lobha hArakara pIDita hU~, sanmati ne jaba saba kucha chor3A / maiM moha parAjita bhaTaka rahA, jaba trAtA ne bandhana tor3A // 1 *** kavitta yA manaharaNa : isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM 31 varNa hote haiN| isameM solahaveM varNa para yati hotI hai / antima varNa gurU (Da) hotA hai| zeSa varNo ke lie laghu-gurU ke krama kA koI bandhana nahIM hotA 1. 2. 3. vItarAga deva chadmastha panaiM joga aura, sUkSma sAMparAya aura guNasthAna jahIM haiM / kSudhA tRSA zIta uSNa daMza mazaka carajA, sejyA sana baMdharu alAbha roga sahI haiM // tRNa sparza mala sparza prajJA ehi caturdaza, parISaha kahU~ karama joga tai lahI haiN| sabai muni upazama guNasthAna tAhI laga, bAIsa parISA udaicAritataiM kahIM haiM // 2 *** gItikA : gItikA ke pratyeka caraNa meM 14-12 kI yati se 26 mAtrAe~ hotI hai / anta meM kramazaH laghu-gurU hote haiM / isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa ke tIsare, dasaveM satrahaveM aura cauvIsaveM mAtrA sthAna para laghu varga honA cAhie , pAkha mAsa upAsa sAdhate, dhyAna ghari kAlahi hanai / jAhi bhojana nimitta grAmahi, tahAM vidhi kachu nahi banai // kheda ura tasa karata nAhIM, parama samatA thira rahaiM / kSudhA ihi vidhi sahata je muni, tinahu ke hama pada gahaiM // 3 " vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "uddhAra", sarga - 13, pR. 314 "vardhamAna purANa" : kavi navalazAha, dazama adhikAra, pada saM. 315, pR.138 vahI, pada saM. 293, pR. 134

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana samAna savaiyA : samAna savaiyA ke pratyeka caraNa meM 32 mAtrAe~ hotI haiM 16, 16 mAtrAoM para yati rahatI hai| anta meM do gurU hote haiN| jitazatru kI sundara kanyA saMga hama cAha rahe terI zAdI, hai nAma yazodA lar3akI kA ati rUpavAna hai zahajAdI / mahArAjA bhI Akara bole yaha uttara denA hI hogA, yaha prazna jaTila banatA, jAtA, isako hala karanA hI hogA / / 1 *** mattagayanda savaiyA : hotA hai / 2. 3. sunakara seThAnI gaI tabhI meMr3hakako ghara para le AI, basa tabhI DhiMDhorA sunA vIra pUjA kI isako sudhi AI, isane bhI pUjA karane kI nizcaya se taba mana meM ThAnI, ika kamala pAMkhur3I muMha meM le cala diyA sumara kara jina vANI, sAta bhagaNa ( SII) aura do gurU (SS) ke krama se 23 varNo kA mattagayanda savaiyA ambuja sauM juga pAya banai, nakhara dekha naravatta bhayo bhayabhArI / nUpura kI jhanakAra sunai, haga zora bhayau dazahU diza bhArI / / kaMdala thaMbha banai juga jaMgha, sucAla calai gaja kI piya pyArI / kSINa banau kaTi kehari sau, tana dAmini hoya rahI laja sArI // 3 *** harigItikA : anta isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM 16-12 ke virAma se 28 mAtrAe~ hotI hai, meM laghu gurU hote haiM - 255 surasari kI dhArA ho jaisezuddha bhAva the jagate / " trizalAnandana mahAvIra " : kavi hajArIlAla, pR. 44 vahI, pR. 73 " vardhamAna purANa" : kavi navalazAha, adhikAra-7, pada saM. 110, pR.70

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256 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana hastAmalaka siddhi thI sArIdUra nahIM kucha lagate // *** mahAvIra anagAra dharma ke lie svataH udyata haiN| tyAga moha sampUrNa parigrahajIvana meM hI.rata haiN| *** kaviyoM ne prabandha kAvyoM me hindI, saMskRta chanda ke alAvA aDilla Adi prAkRta chandoM kA bhI suMdara nirvAha kiyA hai| chandabaddha racanAoM ke uparAnta parIkSaNa karane para anubhava huA ki kaviyoM ne kahIM-kahIM zAstrIya chandoM kA prayoga nahIM bhI kiyA hai| yadyapi kAvya kA paThana karane para unake antyAnuprAsa milate haiN| unake akSaroM aura mAtrAe~ bhI pracalita zAstrIya chandoM ke samAna hI lagatI hai| parantu unake gaNa laghu-guru Adi nahIM milate haiN| kabhI-kabhI aisA lagatA hai ki solaha yA aTThAIsa mAtrA kA sarasIya yA harigItikA kA chanda hai yA caupAI yA soraThA hai| parantu ina chandoM kI kasauTI para ye skhalita mAlUma hote haiM, lekina inakI pravAhamayatA aura gati meM, kAvya ke paThana meM yA rasaniSpatti meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| isIlie aise chandoM ko vajanI chanda kahA jAtA hai| arthAt jo pada jisa chanda ke nikaTavartI lagatA hai vaha usIkA vajanIchanda kahA jAtA hai / kucha udAharaNa prastuta hai dekhie| yaha chanda caupAI ke nikaTa hai lekina caupAI nahIM hai jo deva vimAna dikhA tumako usakA pala yahI vicArA hai| vaha jIva tumhAre garbhAzayamaiM sura pura tyAga padhArA hai| * ** or om "jayamahAvIra' : kavi mANakacanda, saptam sarga, pR.76 vahI, aSTam sarga, pR.79 "paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-4, pR.133

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257 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana maiM cirase Aza lagAye hU~ ataeva mujhe na nirAza krii| pariNaya kI svIkRti de bettaa| pUrI merI abhilASa kro|| *** bhArata kA kaNa kaNa bola uThA, yaha janma muktikA ujiyaalaa| jisameM hima kI zItalatA ho, aisI bhI hotI hai jvaalaa|| jo pazu bala aMkuza ajeya avatIrNa huA vaha blshaalii| rItA na rahA koI dIpaka, rIti na rahI koI thaalii||2 *** yaha chanda samAna savaiyA ke nikaTa hai, lekina samAna savaiyA nahIM hai, isIlie hama isako "samAna savaiyA' ke vajana kA chanda kheNge| mahAvIra ne usa devI ko saMyama dekara, mokSa pantha kI usa pathikA ko rAha dikhAkara, nArI ke gaurava ko thA akSuNNa banAyA, candanabAlA ko satiyoM kI mukhya banAkara * ** yaha chanda rolA ke nikaTavartI hai, kintu zAstrIya niyamAnusAra yaha rolA chanda nahIM hai, kyoMki eka caraNa meM na mAtrA kA milana haiM aura na niyamAnusAra virAma cihna hai| yA zatadala ho gayA banda ___ paMkhur3iyA~ soIvAtAyana se calakara AyA pavana haThIlA -4 *** I arrin x "paramajyoti mahAvIra" : kavi sudhezajI, sarga-10, pR.277 "vIrAyaNa" : kavi mitrajI, "janmajyoti", sarga-4, pR.97 "zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra" : kavi yodheyajI, aSTam sopAna, pR.305 "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga-1, pR.11

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258 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana vizva kA prAcIna bhArata deza sindhu dhotA caraNa himakA yA kirITa suvezakhula gayA itihAsa lo prAcIna *** uparyukta achandasa chanda kI racanA hai / na cAroM paMkti meM chanda kI mAtrA milatI hai| eka caraNa bar3A hai to dUsarA caraNa choTA hai| aisA hone para bhI kavi kI kAvyakauzalatA ke kAraNa bhAvoM kI gatimayatA meM bAdhA nahIM pahu~cI hai| aMta meM itanA hI kahU~gI ki kaviyoM ne saMbhavataH zAstrIya chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / jahA~ vaha saMbhava nahIM huA vahA~ para bhI kAvya kI gati, pravAha meM koI skhalana nahIM AyA / kAvya kI gati barAbara banI rahI hai / yaha bhI kavi kA kAvya kauzalatA hI hai / yadyapi chaMda skhalana hai para pravAhamahattA usakA sauMdarya bhI hai| aise vajanI pravAhamaya chaMda ke aneka udAharaNa prabaMdha kAvyoM meM dRSTavya hai / sabhI prabaMdha kAvyoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt itanA kahU~gI ki prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM bhAvoM ke anurupa bhASA ke sAtha zAstrIya chaMdo kA yA chandabaddha (vajanI) chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ***** "tIrthaMkara mahAvIra" : kavi guptajI, sarga - 1, pR. 4 1

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 259 saMdarbha graMthasUci (a) mUla prabandha kAvya grantha varddhamAna le. kavi anUpa zarmA kAzI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1951 prathama saMskaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kavi DaoN. rAmakRSNa zarmA bharatapura : kauDiyAna maholA, sarasvatI sadana aprakAzana zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra caritra kavi abhayakumAra yogheya meraTha (u.pra.)bhagavAna mahAvIra prakAzana saMsthAna, vI/70, jaina nagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1976 vIrAyaNa kaviraghuvIrazaraNa mitra meraTha : bhAratodaya, prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa, vIra nirvANa saM. 2500 carama tIrthaMkara zrImahAvIra AcArya zrImadvijayavidyAcandrasUri rAjagaDha : zrI mohanakheDA tIrtha, 1975, prathama saMskaraNa tIrthakara mahAvIra kavi chailabihArI gupta indaura : zrI vIra nirvANa-prakAzana samiti,1976 prathamAvRtti parama jyoti mahAvIra kavi dhanyakumAra jaina sudheza indaura : zrI phUlacaMda javaracaMda godhA jaina graMthamAlA 8, sara hukamacaMda mArga, 1961, prathama saMskaraNa

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260 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana jaya mahAvIra, kavi mANakacanda, vikAsa prinTarsa eNDa pablizarsa, bIkAnera (rAja.)1986, prathama saMskaraNa trizalAnandana mahAvIra kavi hajArImala jaina sakarAra (jhA~sI) sAhitya sadana, dvitIyAvRtti, vardhamAna purANa kavi navala zAha dehalI : zrI jaina sAhitya samiti, 1768, prathamAvRtti 10. (ba) prayukta graMtha sUci (mUla graMtha) antakRtadazAMgasUtra anu. hastimalajI ma. jayapura : samyajJAna pracAraka maNDala, prathamAvRtti, 1965 antakRtadazAMga pra.saM. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni anu. sAdhvI zrI divyaprabhA zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara (rAja.)1981 prathamAvRtti AcArAMgasUtra anu. zrI saubhAgyacandrajI ma. zrI mahAvIra sAhitya prakAzana maMdira mANekacoka, ahamadAbAda, 1936, prathamAvRtti AcArAMgasUtra pra. saM. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni saM. candasurAnA "sarasa" zrI Agama prakAzana samiti

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261 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana byAvara (rAja.)1980, prathamAvRtti. AcArAMgacUrNi, jinadAsa gaNivarya ratalAma : RSabhadeva kezarImala Avazyaka cUrNi bhA.-1 RSabhadeva kezarImala zve. saMgha, ratalAma (ma.pra.), 1928 uttarapurANa zrI guNabhadrAcArya anu. saM. hIrAlAla jaina kAzI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1944, prathamAvRtti. uttarAdhyayanasUtra anu. paM. zrI ghevaracaMdajI bAMThiyA "vIraputra" akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI, jaina saMskRti-rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA (ma.pra.)1974 prathamAvRtti uttarAdhyayana cUrNi ratalAma : RSabhadeva kezarImala saMsthA, 1933. upAsakadazAMga pra.saM. zrI yuvAcArya madhukara muni anu. DaoN. chaganalAla zAstrI zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara (rAja.)1980, prathamAvRtti Rgveda saM. vizvibandhunA vizvezvarAnanda : vaidika zodha saMsthAna, 1964, prathamAvRtti kalpasUtra TIkA: samayasundaragaNi bambaI, 1939 kalpasUtra anu. kharataragacchIya upAdhyAyazrI

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262 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana lakSmIvallabhagaNi, bhASAnuvAdikA, pa. pU. zrI sajjana zrIjI ma. jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti, kalakattA, saM. 2038. kAvyaprakAza : AcArya vizvezvara, banArasa : jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, 1960, prathama saMskaraNa, caupanna mahApurisa cariya zIlAcArya, anu. saM. hemasAgarasUri, sUrata: jaina pusteka phaMDa, 1969, prathamAvRtti jambudvIpa prajJapti TIkA: zAnticandra, bambaI, 1920 jambudvIpa prajJapti: RSabhacarita : dvitIya vakSaskAra pra. saM. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni anu. DaoN. chaganalAla zAstrI, mukhya saMpAdaka paM. zobhacandra, bhArilla byAvara : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1986. jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra saM. zobhacandra bhArilla ahamadanagara : zrI tilokaratna - sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA borDa, pAtharDI 1964, prathamAvRtti jJAtAdharmakathA yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni anu. paM. zobhacandra bhArilla byAvara : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1981, prathamAvRtti. ThANaM saM. muni nathamala jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ (rAja.) saM. 2033 prathama saMskaraNa

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 21. (ka). tatvArthasUtra : vAcaka umAsvAti praNIta, saM. kRSNacandra jainAgama darzanazAstrI, banArasa : zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama. (kha) 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. (ga) tatvArthasUtra : umAsvAti viracita saM. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA tiloya - paNNIttI (triloka - pajJapti) bhA. 1. vArANasI: pArzvanAtha vizrAzrama zodha saMsthAna tatvAdhigamasUtra : umAsvAtijI viracita anu. paM. zAMtilAla kezavalAla ahamadAbAda: pAlaDI, jaina marcanTa sosAyaTI, saM. 2044, prathamAvRtti, hindI bhASA anu. paM. bAlacandra siddhAnta zAstrI zolApura : jaina saMskRti saMskaraNa saMgha, 1943, prathamAvRtti tiloyapaNNataha bhAga - 1 zrI yativRSabhAcArya zolApura : jaina saMskRti saMrakSaNa saMgha, 1956, prathamAvRtti. (ka) triSaSTIzalAkApurUSa caritra (ga) hemacandrAcArya, ahamadAbAda : arihaMta prakAzana, saM. 2041. navIna AvRtti (kha) triSaSTIzlAkApurUSa caritra anu. zrI kRSNalAla varmA bambaI : zrI goDIjI jaina maMdira jJAna samiti. triSaSTIzalAkApurUSa caritra hemacandrAcArya bhAvanagara : zrI jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, 1926, A.3 dazavaikAlika sUtra zayyaMbhavasUri, saM. amaramuni lAhaura: jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, 1946, prathamAvRtti 263

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264 32. 33. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dazavakAlika cUrNi maNivijaya sirija, bhAvanagara. dIrghanikAya, saM. mahAbothi, anu. bhikSurAhula, bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa, banArasa : mahAbodhi sabhA, 1936. dIghanikAyapAli pradhAna saMzodhaka - bhikkhu jagadIza dillI : pAlI prakAzana maNDala, nandIsUtra anu. saM. AtmarAmajI ma. . ludhiyAnA : AtmarAma jaina prakAza samiti prathamAvRtti, 1966. nandIsUtra pra., saM. zrI yuvAcArya madhukaramuni anu. sAdhvI umarAvakuMvara arcanA byAvara : zrI Agama prakAza samiti 1982, prathamAvRtti nizIthacUrNi saM. upAdhyAya amaramuni evaM muni kanaiyAlAla "kamala" sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1957, prathama saMskaraNa pravacanasAra (pavayaNasAra) zrI matkunda kundAcArya viracitaH agAsa : zrImad rAjacandra Azrama caturtha AvRtti, 1984. pravacanasArodvAra bhA. 1 nemicaMdrasUri anu. hIrAlAla haMsarAja pAlItANA : mohanalAla goviMdajI, 1922. 34. 35. 36.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 37. bhagavatI sUtra bhA. 1-2 vRtti abhayadevasUri, anu. becaradAsa jIvarAja bambaI : jainAgama prakAzana saMsthA, prathamAvRtti 1993, 1923. bhagavatIsUtra (vyAkhyA prajJapti ) bhA. 1 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. gaNadhara bhagavAna sudharmAsvAmI praNIta anu. ghevaracaMda bAMThiyA "vIraputra", sailAnA : a.bhA. sA. jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, 1964. bhagavatIsUtrasAra bhA. 4 pUrNAnandavijayajI ma. sAThaMbA : vidyAvijayajI smAraka graMthamAlA, 1981, prathamAvRtti bhagavatI - bhA. 1 yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni saM. anu. zrI amaramuni byAvara : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1982, prathamAvRtti. bhagavatIsUtrasAra saMgraha bhA. 2 muni zrI vidyAvijayajI ma. sAThaMbA : zrI vidyAvijayajI smAraka graMthamAlA, 1980 prathamAvRtti, zrImad bhAgavata bhA. 1-2. maharSi vedavyAsa gorakhapura : gItApresa, 1951, dvitIya saMskaraNa mahAnizIthasUtra (Agama-sudhA - sindhu) dazamo vibhAga: zAMtipurI : zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA lAkhAbAdala, mahApurANa bhA. 1 jinasenAcArya saM. jana. paM. pannAlAla kAzI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1951. mahApurANa bhA. 1. mahAkavi puSpadanta viracita saM. DaoN. pI. ela. vaidya anu. DaoN. devendra - jaina 265 'kumAra

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266 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dillI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1979, prathama saMskaraNa zrI mahAbhArata maharSi kRSNa dvaipAyana vedavyAsa praNIta bhA. 7 bambaI : : bhadra samIpa kAlabAdevI roDa mahAbhArata zAMtiparva, anu. saM. zAstrI girajAzaMkara bhAyAzaMkara ahamadAbAda : sastu sAhitya vardhaka kAryAlaya, 1926, paMcamAvRtti. vizudvimArga bhA. 1 AcArya buddhaghoSakRta anu. tripiTakAcArya bhikSu dharma rakSita vArANasI : mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, prathama saMskaraNa 1956. samayasAra zrI matkundakundAcArya viracita saM. manoharalAla zAstrI bambaI : jaina graMtha uddhAraka kAryAlaya, 1919, prathamAvRtti samayasAra AcArya kundakunda saM. balabhadra jaina dillI : zrI kundakunda bhAratI 7- e rAjapura roDa, 1978, prathamAvRtti. samayasAra zrImad bhagavatkundakundAcArya viracitaH saM. paM. pannAlAla jaina agAsa zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama, 1982, tRtIya saMskaraNa, samavAo saM. vivecaka yuvAcArya mahAprajJa lADanUM (rAja.) : jaina vizvabhAratI, 1984, prathama saMskaraNa

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 53. samavAyAMgasUtra pra. saM. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni anu. paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI byAvara : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1982, prathamAvRtti. sAMkhyakArikA 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 1. DaoN. brajamohana caturvedI, dillI : nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, 1969, prathama saMskaraNa. sUtrakRtAMga gama TIkA zIlAcArya saM. ambikAdattajI ojhA rAjakoTa zrI rAjakoTa sthAnakavAsI saMgha, saM. 1993, prathamAvRtti. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra bhA. 1-2 pra. saM. yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni, caMdasurAnA "sarasa" byAvara : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1982, prathamAvRtti. sthAnAMga pra. saM. yuvAcArya zrI madhukaramuni anu. hIrAlAla zAstrI byAvara : zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, 1981, prathamAvRtti. harivaMzapurANa AcArya jinasena 267 saM. anu. paM. pannAlA jaina vArANasI : bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 1944, prathamAvRtti (ka) samIkSAtmaka grantha zrI amaracaMdrasUrijI zrI tIrthaMkara caritra, 1993, zrI jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara. zrI amolakhaRSijI, anu. zrI ghevaracaMdajI, 1979, zrI lakSmI pustaka bhaMDAra, gA~dhIror3a, brIja nikaTa, ahamadAbAda |

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268 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana saM. DaoN. azokakumAra siMha zramaNa pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI - 5 zrI kalyANa vijayagaNI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, 1998 prathamAvRtti pra. zrI. ka. vi. zAstra saMgraha samiti, jAlora (rAja.) zrI kumAra satyadarzI krAntikArI mahAvIra zrI jaina zvetAmbara mahAsabhA-uttara pradeza meraTha paMDita kailAzacandra zAstrI jaina siddhAnta, 1983, prathama saMskaraNa, bI/45-47 kanaoNTa plesa, nayI dillI - 110 001 paM. kailAsacaMdra zAstrI jaina dharma, 1955 tRtIya saMskaraNa bhAratIya digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA DaoN. komalacandra jaina bauddha aura jaina AgamoM meM nArI jIvana san 1967, pra. sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti DaoN. guNavaMta zAha anuvAdaka- DaoN. bhAnuzaMkara mehatA mahAmAnava mahAvIra vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI saM. gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela zrI mahAvIra kathA, 1941, prathamAvRtti zrI jaina sAhitya prakAza samiti, kera oNpha : gujarAta vidyApITha, ahmdaabaad| muni zrI candrazekharavijayajI tribhuvana prakAza mahAvIra deva saM. 2036 pA~cavA~ saMskaraNa, 5082/3, dUsarI maMjila, yAjJika insTiTyUTa ke sAmane, ratanapola ke nikaTa, gA~dhI roDa, ahamadAbAda -380 001.

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 12. muni zrI candrazekharavijayajI vijJAna aura dharma, saM. 2032, tRtIya saMskaraNa, 5082/13, dUsarI maMjila, yAjJika insTiTyUTa ke sAmane, ratanapola ke nikaTa, gAMdhIroDa, ahamadAbAda - 380 001. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. mahAvIra vardhamAna, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1953. pra. bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, vardhA DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, saM. 2032, prathama saMskaraNa caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI - 1. jagadIzacandra jaina 269 bhagavAna mahAvIra, 1977, nezanala buka TrasTa iMDiyA, nayI dillI. jayabhakkhu bhagavAna mahAvIra, 1972, caturtha AvRtti, candranagara sosAyaTI, jayabhikkhu mArga, Anandanagara, ahamadAbAda. javAharacandra paTanI zrI varddhamAna mahAvIra, 1975, prathamAvRtti, zrI tIrthendrasUri smAraka saMgha, bAmaNvAr3ajI tIrtha zrI jJAnamuni bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pA~ca siddhAnta, saM. 2015, prathamAvRtti, AcArya zrI AtmArAja jaina prakAzanAlaya, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA. DaoN. jhinaku yAdava jaina dharma kI aitihAsika ruparekhA, 1981, prathama saMskaraNa, pra. iNDika akAdamI, dillI, vArANasI / AcArya zrI tulasI bhagavAna mahAvIra, 1974, prathamAvRtti, jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, lADanU~ (rAja.)

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270 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI jaina dharma aura bhagavAna mahAvIra, 1975, prathamAvRtti siMghaI khunnIlAla rAdhAbAI jaina TrasTa 233, javAhara mArga, mAlagaMja, caurAhA, indora (ma. pra. ) devendramunizAstrI jaina darzana svarupa aura vizleSaNa, 1975, prathama praveza zrI tArakagurU jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura, (rAja.) AcArya dezabhUSaNajI bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA tatvadarzana, san 1973, prathamAvRtti, kucAbulAkI begama, zrI jaina sAhitya samiti, aispleneDa roDa, dillI-6. dhanaMjaya - dazarUpakam caukhambA vidyAbhavana, cauka, banArasa / anu. nagInadAsa pArekha kAvyavicAra, 1944, prathamAvRtti, gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada, bombe. . muni nagarAjajI ma. Agama ora tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana jaina zvetAMbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, prathama saMskaraNa, 1969. muni nathamalajI ma. saM. muni dulaharAja, 1974, prathama bAra jaina vizvabhAratI prakAzana, lADanUM (rAja) DaoN. nagendra rasa siddhAMta nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, prathama saMskaraNa, 1964. DaoN. nemIcanda jaina vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra tIrthaMkara, varddhamAna mahAvIra zrI vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, indaura (ma. pra. ) DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 271 zrI bhArata varSIya di. jaina vidvatpariSada, 1974 prathama . saM. svargastha vakIla naMdalAla lallubhAI zrI mahAvIrasvAmIcaritra 1936, tRtIyAvRtti zrI muktikamala jaina mohanamAlA, bar3audA / muni zrI nyAyavijayaja ma. jainadarzana, 1983, tRtIyAvRtti, zrI hemacandrAcArya jaina sabhA, haimacaMdra mArga, pATana (u. gu.) paMya paTUcaMdrazAstrI zrI vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, indaura (ma.pra.) 1974, prathama. DaoN. premasAgara jaina hindI bhakti kAvya aura kavi, 1964, prathama saMskaraNa alIpurapArka plesa, kalakattA- 27. le. AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya bhAratIya darzana, 1960, SeSTha saMskaraNa, zAradA maMdira, ravIndrapurI, bugakuNDa vArANasI - 5 zrI bharatamuni saM. zrI bAbulAla zukla, zAstrI, 20-29 prathama saMskaraNa caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa vArANasI - 1. zrI bhuvanavijayajI ma.sA. mahAvIra darzana, 2031, prathamAvRtti zrI jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka saMgha, kaTaka (oDisA) le. zrI madhukaramuni, zrI ratanamuni zrI caMda surAnA "sarasa" tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, 1974, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA-2. mahendrakumAra phusakele tIrthaMkara, 1975, prathama saMskaraNa janatA presa prakAzana, sAgara namakamaNDI, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara (ma. pra. ) DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA- jaina dharma darzana 1973, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI - 5.

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272 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana mohanalAla mehatA jaina- darzana 1959, prathama padArpaNa, zrI sanmati jJAnapITha, lohamaNDI, AgarA / muni zrI yazovijayajI tIrthaMkara bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra, saM. 2029, prathamAvRtti je. cittaraMjana eNDa kuM. 312 mekara bhavana 3, -400020. 21, nyU marIna lensa, bambaI - ratibhAnusiMha " nAhara " prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1961. kitAba mahala prAiveTa limiTeDa, raji. ophisa 56 - e, jIro roDa, ilAhAbAda / saM. DaoN. rameza su. beTAI bhAratIya sAhitya vicAra maMjuSA khaMDa - 1 yUnivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, ahamadAbAda - 6. prathama 1975. le. rAjavazaM sahAya "" hIrA," alaMkAra zAstra kI paraMparA caukhambA saMskRta sIrIjha Aphisa, vArANasI - 1 prathama - saMskaraNa, 2026. le. rAjendramuni saM. lakSmaNa bhaTanAgara, bhagavAna mahAvIra jIvana aura darzana zrI tAraka gurU jaina graMthAlaya, udayapura (rAja.) 1974. . rAjendramuni zAstrI saM. zrI lakSmaNa bhaTanAgara jaina dharma, prakAzana vahI. saM. 2038. saM. zrI rAjendravijayajI ma. zramaNa bhagavAna zrI mahAvIra jIvana darzana, saM. 2037 zrI mahAvIra tatvajJAna pracAraka maNDala, aMjAra (kaccha) rAmadhArI siMha dinakara saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, 1962, tRtIya saMskaraNa

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hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.. 58. udayAcala AryakumAra roDa, paTanA-4. paM. rAmabahorI zukla kAvyapradIpa, 1876, navIna saMskaraNa hindI bhavana, ilAhAbAda - 211002. AcArya vijayendrasUri tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhA. 1, 1960, prathamAvRtti kAzInAtha sarAka, yazodharma maMdira, 166, mArjavAna roDa, aMdherI, bambaI - 58. AcArya vijayadharmasUrijI ma. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra, hindI prathamAvRtti, saM. 2031. zrI muktikamala jaina mohana graMthamAlA, bar3audA. AcArya zrI vijayadharmasUrijI ma. sA. saM. zrI yazovijayajI, saM. 2042, caturthAvRtti zrI muktikamala jaina mohana graMthamAlA, rAvapurA, koThI pola, naMdakuMja, bar3audA. vIrendrakumAra jaina 273 anuttara yogI : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhA. 1, 1964, prathamAvRtti zrI vIra nirvANa graMtha prakAzana samiti, indaura (ma. pra. ) zrI vIrendrakumAra sakalecA evaM rAmadhana zarmA zrI amara bhAratI, 1966, aMka 4, pR. 5, || zrI sonArAma jaina mantrI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA - 2. zrI vIrendrakumAra evaM candrasurAnA "sarasa" zrI amarabhAratI, 1968, aMka 3, pR.103, 10, prakAzaka - vahI. zAMtilAla zAha mahAvIra darzana, saM. 2023 dvitIyavRtti megharAja jaina pustaka bhaMDAra, goDIcAla, jhIkA sTrITa, bombe - 2. DaoN. zikharacanda jaina- jaina dharma aura darzana bAhubalI pablikezansa, 21/8, zaktinagara, dillI

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274 hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 59. (1) DaoN. zekharacandra jaina jaina dharma siddhAnta aura ArAdhanA, samanvaya prakAzana, 6, umiyAdevI sosAyaTI naM.2 amarAIvADI, ahamadAbAda-380 026. 60. (2) rASTrIya kavi dinakara aura unakI kAvyakalA prakAzana varSa 1972, jayapura pustaka bhavana, jayapura. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra bhArata kA prAcIna itihAsa, 1960 dvitIya saMskaraNa sarasvatI sadana, masUrI. saM. samadarzI anu. saroja zAha bhagavAna mahAvIra, hindI saMskaraNa, prathama praveza 1967. pUjya AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA. saM. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina zramaNa 1984, aM. 6 pR.3.15, 20, 24, 27, 29. saM. siremala seThiyA- smArikA zrI vardhamAna yuvaka maNDala, biralAgrAma, nAgadA (ma.pra.) paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI jaina dharma kA prANa, 1965, prathamAvRtti, sastA sAhitya maMDala, naI dillI. paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI bhAratIya tatva vidyA, 1960. jJAnodaya TrasTa, anekAnta vihAra, ahamadAbAda-9. 67. paM. sukhalAlajI darzana aura ciMtana, bhA.1. 1957. sanmati samiti, gujarAta vidhAnasabhA, bhadra, ahamadAbAda-1. 68. surezamuni sanmati mahAvIra, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 66

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275 72. hindI ke mahAvIra prabandha kAvyoM kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana 69. muni suzIlajI ma. jaina dharma, 1958, prathamAvRtti, zrI akhila bhAratIya zve. sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphreMsa, naI dillI. le. harSacaMdajI ma.sA. saM. panajIdAsa nArAyaNajI zrI, mahAvIracaritra, 1945, dvitIyAvRtti pra.zAha nAnAlAla dharamazI bukaselara eNDa pablizara, bhAvanagara / 71. hajArIprasAda dvivedI bhAratIya nATyazAstrI kI paramparA aura dazarupakrama rAjakamala prakAzana prAIveTa limiTeDa,8, phaijabAjAra, dillI-6. le. evaM nirdezaka AcArya hastImalajI ma. saM. zrI devendramunizAstrI Adi jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, jayapura : jaina itihAsa samiti, prathama saMskaraNa, 1971. 73. le. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna vyAkhyAna bhAga-1 bhopAla : madhya pradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSada 74. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodayatIrtha maMtrI paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura (rAja.) prathama saMskaraNa, 1974. 75. zrI amara bhAratI, aMka-3 san 1968 upAdhyAya amaramuni zrI sanmati jJAna pITha AgarA-2. *****

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zrI jinakuzalasUri dAdAvADI sAMcora (rAja.) dAdAvADI prerikA: pa.pU.sva.pra.zrI vicazraNazrIjI ma.sA.kI suziSyA sAcora kharataragaccha uddhArikA pa.pU.zrI manoharazrIjI ma.sA.evaM muktiprabhAzrIjI ma.sA sA